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THE

BIOGRAPHICAL

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

OF

ILLINOIS

OF

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

PHILADELPHIA:
GALAXY PUBLISHING COMPANY.
1875.

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by
CHARLES ROBSON,
In the OfHce of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
Lln, 51- Q IQ

THE

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA

OF

ILLINOIS.

llNCOLN, ABRAHAM, the sixteenth President of
the United States, was born in Hardin county,
Kentucky, February I2th, 1809, in a rude log-
cabin planted in a remarkably picturesque region
of a wild and newly opened countiy. His pa
rents were Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hauks, the latter a
woman out of place among those primitive surroundings.
Schools in that region were scarce, and those to be found
simple and irregular — the religious institutions still more
so. Parson Elkin was the only preacher in the vicinity, and
it is said that from the simple addresses of this humble and
devoted itinerant Abraham gathered his first ideas of public
speech. When eight years of age his father removed into
an almost unbroken wilderness within the limits of Spencer
county, Indiana, not far from the present town of Gentry-
ville, where within two years they laid the faithful mother
to rest. Inheriting a strong impulse for study, which was
stimulated by his parents, Abraham became an early reader
and writer, his books, though few in number, being well
calculated to form a character which has never been sur
passed for quaint simplicity, earnestness, purity and great
wisdom. They were of a kind, too, which excited his taste
for politics, kindled his ambition, and, though a lad, made
him a warm admirer of the statesmen of that time. In the
winter of 1819 he passed under the care of a step-mother,
and as he grew up he became increasingly helpful on the
farm. In physical strength and in athletic feats he was the
master of all his companions, his modesty as well as his
generosity winning their lasting esteem. When eighteen,
he built a flatboat and made his first venture to a down-the-
river market, and when nineteen, though unaccustomed to
business, and ignorant of the great stream he was to move
upon, he made a successful flatboat trip to New Orleans,

though narrowly escaping assassination at the hands of men
whom his proclamation years after liberated from slavery.
It was a happy thing for him that, living among the roughest
of rough men, he never acquired a vice. In March, 1830,
the family moved again, locating on the Sangamon, in Ma
con county, Illinois, where the father died, January 17th,
1851. Abraham, at this time, was six feet four inches in
height, tall, angular and ungainly, " but a welcome guest in
eveiy house." He earned his livelihood by splitting rails
and farm labor. The success of a flatboat voyage to New
Orleans gained him a clerkship in a pioneer store, where he
studied grammar and attended debating clubs at night, and
marked his character by an integrity which secured him
the soubriquet of " Honest Abe," a characterization which
he never dishonored and an abbreviation that he never out
grew. In 1832 he became Captain of Claiy's Grove Boys,
and served under General Gaines in the Black Hawk War.
Upon his arrival home, then twenty-three years old, he was
named as candidate and elected a member of the Legisla
ture, the result of the popularity he achieved in his brief
military campaign, and soon after President Jackson made
him Postmaster. At the close of this service he was ap
pointed by John Calhoun, subsequently the President of the
Lecompton Constitutional Convention, in Kansas, as his
assistant in surveying Sangamon county, and he pursued
this Business for a year with such accuracy that the lines
have never since been called in question. In 1834 he en
tered more thoroughly upon the study of law, and became
again a, candidate for the Legislature, to which he was
elected. He walked one hundred miles to attend each ses
sion. In 1836 he was re-elected, and during the ensuing
session made his reputation as a party leader. The Sanga
mon delegation, of which he was foremost, has been handed
5

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

down to posterity as " The Long Nine," each member being
over six feet high. It was at this session, also, that he met
Stephen A. Douglas, and these two commenced then a
struggle which now forms an epoch in our national histoiy.
The prevailing sentiment in Illinois at this time was pro-
slavery. Both parties, Democratic and Whig, did not doubt
that the Constitution protected the institution of slavery, and
when the former introduced into the Legislature extreme
pro-slavery resolutions, but two men of the latter were found
willing to subscribe to a protest against them, and these
were Abraham Lincoln, and Daniel Stone, of Sangamon.
The time had now arrived for the translation of the former
to a new sphere, and on April 15th, 1837, he went to Spring
field as law partner with an old friend, Major Stuart, and
found this association of practical benefit. In 1838 he was
sent to the Legislature again, and was prominent in all of
the debates. Here he developed more fully the tactics he
had early adopted for ridding himself of troublesome friends
as well as enemies, which were simply the telling of stories
to change the current of conversation. For this he had a
marveUous faculty. He soon obtained a very large prac
tice, and earned the reputation of a sound lawyer. In 1840,
the " Sangamon Chief," as he was now called, was re-elected
to the Legislature, and about this time, actuated by raotives
of gallantly, he challenged James Shields, subsequently a
United States Senator, to a broadsword combat. Friends in
tervened and no harm was done, nor intended, at least by
Lincoln, who said he had selected broadswords because his
arms were long, and he could easily hold his opponent at
bay. In this year he formed a law partnership with Judge
S. T. Logan, of Springfield, and in 1842 married Mary Todd,
daughter of Hon. Robert S. Todd, of Lexington, Kentucky.
The fruit of this marriage was four sons, Robert Todd, Ed
ward, who died in infancy, William, who died in Wash
ington, and Thomas, better known lo the country as " Tad."
The oldest and youngest survive. In the active discharge
of his professional duties, and in study of State and party
interests, the months past away and brought Lincoln to the
great political contest of 1844, when Clay was the Whig
candidate for the Presidency. The result of the campaign
was to this party a sore disappointment, and Lincoln was
one of the profoundest mourners. He had a strong convic
tion ofthe soundness of the principles of the Whig party, and
of the immeasurable superiority of Clay over Polk. This
defeat made him distrust, for a time, the capacity of the peo
ple for proper self-government. In 1846 he was nominated
for Congress, was triumphantly elected, and took his seat
December 6th, 1847, when Douglas entered the Senate.
In 1848 he w.as a raember of the Whig Convention in Phil
adelphia which norainated General Taylor, and was an ac
tive leader of the ensuing canvass. During his first term in
the National House of Representatives, he discharged his
duties ably and conscientiously, carrying into it the anti-
slavery record of an anli-slaveiy Whig. He dissolved his
law association with Judge Logan during this period, and

became partner with William H. Herndon. In 1852 he
was on the Scott electoral ticket, but did not go into the
canvass with his customary earnestness. A new political
era opened in 1854, upon the proposed organization of the
territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and the effort which
was persistently made to render it impossible for them ever
to become free States, aroused him as never before to the
hanging crisis which was to be either the triumph of free
dom or the triumph of slavery. Between him and Doug
las, the responsible author of the " Popular Sovereignty "
bill giving the right to the people of a territory to choose
their own institutions, the great contest over the questions
growing out of this bill vvas hotly waged. Lincoln's indig
nation was an index to the popular feeling all over the North.
Wherever Douglas went, Lincoln followed to apply the
antidote to the poisoii at once. The slavery question was
now the question, and the latter entered heartily into the
organization of a new party — the Republican — which was
to resist the extension of slavery. Under his leadership
this party in Illinois was organized. May 29th, 1856, and he
was appointed one of the delegates to the Philadelphia Con
vention shortly after, which was to give the new party a
national character. In 1858 he entered into his memorable
contest with Douglas for the United States Senatorship,
and was beaten by the unfair apportionment of the Legisla
tive districts. This battle was waged with unusual energy
on both sides ; both men debated the issues at stake before
the same audiences and upon the same occasions ; and their
speeches, their interpretations of the principles of the Decla
ration of Independence, and of party policy, were published
entire as a campaign document in the Republican interest,
without Void or comment, when Lincoln was nominated
for the Presidency. His addresses in this contest were
sound, logical, powerful and exhaustive, and in connection
with two or three others form the chief material on which
his reputation as an orator and debater must rest. In 1858-
9, having some leisure, he diverted himself by writing a lec
ture on the histoiy of inventions. In 1859 the movement
to make him the Republican candidate for the Presidency
took form, and at this time it was only too clearly the fact
that the Southern leaders were preparing the rainds of their
people for some desperate step, under the conviction that
where the issue was between complete liberty, or slavery, it
was useless to postpone the conclusion longer. Bands of
secret conspirators organized for treason were started in
various sections of the South ; southern arsenals were being
filled with munitions of war; and even the church pro
claimed the divine right of slavery. These and hundreds
of other circumstances only too plainly indicated that if in
the ensuing Presidential contest Republicanism triumphed,
the slave-holding States would secede en masse. The Re
publican Convention assembled at Chicago, June l6th, i860,
and upon the second ballot nominated Abrah.im Lincolnj
and adopted the old Whig platfoim, except in the matter of
slavery, where it introduced, with some modifications, the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

principle ofthe "free soilers." This selection became very
popular, and Lincoln, in the fifty-second year of his age,
having spent half of his years in a wilderness, born in the
remotest obscurity, and for a long time subject to the rudest
toil and meanest offices, was now placed before the nation
as a candidate for the highest honor in its power to bestow ;
and from this moment he knew nothing of leisure. He was
a wise candidate. He held his tongue. No abuse provoked
him to utter a word in self-vindication. He had accepted
the platform, his record was before the country, and he
calmly awaited the result. This result was his triumph in
the electoral college by a handsome plur.ality, the popular
vote being for him 1,857,610; for Stephen A. Douglas
1,365,976 ; for John C. Breckenridge 847,953, ^"'^ f'"' Jo'^"
Bell 590,631. On December l6th following. South Caro
lina took the lead in secession, and before Buchanan's ad
ministration was ended she was followed by six other slave-
holding States. In February, 1861, Lincoln went from his
Springfield home to Washington, his journey being a con
tinuous ovation on the part of the loyal North, and on the
4lh of March took the oath of office, and delivered an in
augural which was moderate and conciliatory in tone. And
now began the great work of his life, to which no limited
sketch can ever do full justice. Treason was everywhere,
and every department was infected, so that he could take no
step which some spy in government employ did not convey
to his enemies. The horizon was dark, and the black
clouds were rising on every hand. It was no little satis
faction to him, with treason and fal.-.ehood all around, to
feel that Douglas, his old senatorial opponent, was now
his firm, loyal friend. With the fall of Sumter came a
reviv.il of patriotism, which silenced northern disloyalty,
and turned a deaf ear to compromise. Thousands ujjon
thousands readily responded to his first call for troops; and
this call wilh his proclamation declaring the blockade of
the southern ports, were the preliminaries of one of the
most remarkable wars that have occurred in the history of
the human race. In May, Douglas died. The President
felt his death as a calamity, for he had been of great service
in unveiling the designs of the rebels, and in bringing to
the support of the government an element which a word
from him at any favorable moment would have alienated.
On the next meeting of Congress it was soon evident that it
was ready to do all that the President asked, and even more,
for the preservation of the Union. It placed at his disposal
five hundred million dollars, gave him authority to call out
half a million men, legalized all the steps he had thus_far
taken for the suppression of the rehellion, and labored in
all ways to strengthen his hands and encourage his heart.
In 1862 he had to contend not only with the gigantic labor
involved in the war, but against the recognition by England
and France of the rebels as a belligerent power, in which
he succeeded perhaps not so much through the action of his
cabinet and foreign ambassadors, as through the doubt o- the
expediency of such a recognition nn the part of England

and France themselves. Perhaps the most noticeable of his
efforts in the spring of 1862 was to secure an advance of
the army under McClellan in Virginia, which had not up to
this time struck a blow, though the North was claraorous
for action. The President was impatient, for that General
had then over a hundred thousand raen, and was waiting
for reinforcements before advancing. The result of this
constant procrastination was the retirement of McClellan,
and wilh this change, and raoveraents along the coast, and
in the Southwest, the new year of 1863 witnessed a consid
erable advance into the enemy's country. On Septeraber
22d, 1862, President Lincoln issued a procharaation, which
declared free the slaves of those States in rebellion on Jan
uary Ist, 1863, leaving to every rebel State an opportunity
to save its institution by becoraing loyal ; on September
15th, 1862, he suspended the writ of Habeas Corpus ; and on
January 1st, 1863, the final proclamation of emancipation
was issued, which changed the aspect of affairs. Though
it was imraediately followed by dark and doubtful days, the
results indicated its wisdom. President Lincoln was re
nominated by the Republicans, at their Convention in Bal
timore, June 8th, 1864. July of this year was meraorable
for the arrival of rebel ambassadors at Niagara Falls, to
effect a compromise between the North and South. They
anticipated that the Government would be only too willing
to meet them half way ; but when the President sent thLiii
word that " any proposition which embraces the restoration
of peace, the integrity of the wbole Union, and the aban
donment of slavery, which comes by and wilh an authority
that can control the armies now at war against the United
States, will be received and considered by the Executive
Government ofthe United States," they discovered that the
President meant to concede nothing which was against the
honor of the nation, and returned South without accomplish
ing their mission. The Deraocratic parly, in convention at
Chicago, named General McClellan for President, and
George H. Pendleton for Vice-President. The result of
the election was an overwhelming raajority for Lincoln,
New Jersey only, among the Northern States, giving a ma
jority against him. The military operations of 1864 were
of the most momentous character, memorable for Sherman's
march to the sea, and the closing up of the LTnion forces
around the Confederate stronghold at Richmond. Congress,
during the session commencing in Deceraber of this year,
finally passed the araendraent to the Constitution abolishing
slavery. On the 4th of March, 1865, President Lincoln
was reinaugurated, and made his address immortal with
these words : " With malice toward none, with charity for
all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the
right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in." In the
stirring campaign in Virginia, which was the beginning of
the end of the war, he was constantly at the front, and en
tered Richmond wilh the army. The surrender of Lee and
Johnston brought the great rebellion to a close on April 2d,
1865. Lincoln had now reached the pinnacle of his life.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

by the forces of his nature and character, and without ad
ventitious aids. He had saved a nation from wreck, and
disenthralled a race. He had now no resentraent to gratify,
no revenge to inflict. His constant thought was to show
the South that he entertained for them no ill will. While
thus engaged, the mine was being laid which was to turn
the joy of a victorious people to grief While in a private
box in Ford's theatre, on the night of April 14th, the Pres
ident M'as assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a young actor
who had been openly disloyal throughout the war. At the
same time, according to a preconcerted design, the murder
of Secretary Seward was attempted. This terrible event
thrilled the popular heart with anguish. The nation became
one of mourners, and every house where loyalty existed
was draped wilh the habiliments of woe. A just vengeance
was speedily inflicted upon the conspirators, and the crirae
was as rauch abhorred by the majority in the South as in
tlie North. On the iglh of .^pril, the funeral ceremonies
took place in the Capitol, and while these were in progress,
similar services were taking place in every part ofthe coun
try. On April 21st, the funeral train left Washington for
Springfield, Illinois, the beloved remains lying in state in
nearly every city on the route, and on May 3d, the inter
ment took place in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, in
the presence of a vast multitude. A grand monument, the
tribute of a loving people, now rises above his grave.
Abraham Lincoln was .^ raan of powerful intellect, but it
was not by this that he wrought out the grand results of his
life. These were rather the work of the heart. He was a
man of true piety, conscientious in his labors, and possessed
with a strong sense of duty which he readily obeyed. " The
name of Lincoln," .says D'Aubigne, " will remain of the
greatest that histoiy has inscribed on its annals.''

I OND, SHADRACH, the first Governor of Illinois
elected to that office under the State Constitu
tion, was born in Frederick county, Maryland,
in 1773, and was raised by a pious father— Nich
olas Bond — on a plantation. Agriculture was
his pursuit in Illinois, whither he emigrated in
1794, when he had reached his majority, residing in the
American Bottom, Monroe county, with his uncle, Shad
rach Bond, Sr. He received in Maryland a plain English
education, such as farmers generally bestow on their chil
dren. For some years he resided with his uncle, when he
purchased a farm on a lake bank in the Ainerican Bottom
and thoroughly improved it. Here he lived for many years
a single farmer. While quite young he was elected to the
General Assembly of Indiana Territoiy, which met at Vin
cennes. He made a good member and attended faithfully
to the business of the people. In 1 812 he was elected the
first Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Illinois, and
in this office he perforraed great and important services for

his constituents. By his exertions in that body the first Act
of Congress was passed, in 1813, to grant the citizens the
right of pre-emption to secure their improvements. This
was the great lever that mov^ed Illinois onward towards her
present eminence. In 1814 he moved from his old planta
tion to Kaskaskia, and raade a large farra near that village.
He reraained in Congress only one term, and was appointed
Receiver of Public Moneys at Kaskaskia. In 1 81 8, when
Illinois was admitted as a State, he was chosen Governor
wiihout opposition. The duties of this new office were im
portant, onerous, and difficult to perforra, and called for
prudence, circumspection, and much wisdom. He pos
sessed these qualifications, and performed his duties to the
general satisfaction of the people. Shortly after his tenn
of office as Governor expired he was appointed Register of
the Land Office at Ka.skaskia, wherein he remained in his
old age. He died April nth, 1830, at Kaskaskia.

AWLINS, GENERAL JOHN A., Lawyer, Soldier
and Secretary of War, was born, February 13th,
1831, in Jo Daviess county, Illinois. The family
on his father's side was originally from Virginia,
but had at an early day removed to Missouri, and
thence lo the vicinity of Galena. He was edu
cated in the common schools of the district, and attended
an academy for a short period, buthe was entirely indebted
to his own exertions for the knowledge he possessed, and
it was obtained, under very adverse circumstances. His
parents were very poor, and he labored on a farm until he
was nearly twenty-three years old, occasionally working as
a charcoal burner. In Noveraber, 1853, he entered the law
office of J. P. Stevens, of Galena, where he made the ac
quaintance of General U. S. Grant. In October, 1854, he
was admitted to the bar, and subsequently opened an office
for the practice of his profession, and although he did not
make a fortune he was tolerably successful. Thus he con
tinued, taking considerable interest in the political move
ments of the day. He was a strong and earnest Democrat,
but held no office prior to the war. In i860 he was selected
as Presidential Elector on the Douglas ticket for the First
Congressional District of Illinois. He made a thorough
canvass in his section of the State, delivering many ad
dresses during the exciting campaign of that year. When
the Rebellion broke out he deserted the Democratic ranks.
A' few days after the bombardment of Fort Sumter a meet
ing of the citizens of Galena vvas called irrespective of party.
U. S. Grant was chairman of the meeting, in the course of
which a Democrat arose and sought to throw the responsi
bility for the existing stale of things on the Republican
party. At this moment General Rawlins entered, and when
the other had closed he sprang to his feet and gave utterance
to the following : " I have been a Democrat all my life, but
this is no longer a question of politics. It is simply, country
or no countiy. I have favored eveiy honorable compromise.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

but the day for compromise has p.issed. Only one course
is left us. We will stand by the flag of our country and ap
peal lo the God of battles." Subsequently a regiment was
being raised in and around Galena, when it was proposed
to make Grant a Captain and Rawlins a Lieutenant ; but
soon after Grant was made a Colonel and then Brigadier-
General, and as such was engaged at Springfield mustering
troops into service. Meanwhile, Rawlins was at home
chafing restlessly, and was about accepting the position of
Major of the 45th Illinois Regiment, commonly termed the
" Lead Mine Regiment," when one morning he read in
the paper his appointment as Adjutant-General with the
rank of Captain. This was in August, l85i. He received
orders to report to Generial Grant on September 8lh ;
owing to the death of his wife he delayed for a week, but
finally reported for duly at Cairo, September I5lh, 1861.
From that date until March I ith, 1869, when he was commis
sioned Secretary of War, he was constantly wilh Grant,
who appointed him Chief of Staff November, 1862, and his
services were very valuable. He was present and partici
pated in the battles of Belmont, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson,
Shiloh, Corinth, luka, the Tallahatchie Expedition to Ox
ford, in Mississippi, Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Cham
pion's Hill, Big Black, the crowning victory of Vicksburg,
Chattanooga, the Wilderness, North Anna, Pamunkeyi
Toloobatamoy, Cold Harbor, Front of Petersburg and
Richmond. During this period he was comraissioned
Major, February i6lh,ia862, ffiigadier-General of Volunteers
August nth, 1863, and on March 3d, 1865, Congress ap
pointed him by special act Brevet Major-General of Volun
teers to date from February 24th, 1863, and also Bri:adier-
General and Chief of Staff in the Regular Army al the same
time. Upon the accession of General Grant as Presideni,
he was made Secretaiy of the War Department, March nth,
1869. In this position he acted in direct opposition to the
policy of Secretary Stanton. He was at all limes subordi
nate to the President. While reflecting the views and en
forcing the policy of General Grant, he brought lo the dis
charge ofhis duties a high order of executive ability, which
enabled him to dispose of the routine business in the raost
prompt and- satisfactory manner. The earnestness wilh
which he seconded the efforts of the President and General
Sherman to inaugurate a system of economy in the vast
machinery of which he was the head gave promise of great
benefit to the public service. His first wife, by whom he
had two daughters, died in September, 1861. During the
Vicksburg campaign he made the acquaintance of a Miss
Hurlbut, of Danbury, Connecticut, who was then an invol
untary resident of the beleaguered city. After its capitula
tion, July 4th, 1863, and during the occupancy of the cap
tured territory by General Grant, the acquaintance ripened
into an attachment which resulted in their subsequent union.
During this same year General Rawlins contracted a severe
cold, and consumption was threatened. The progress of
the disease was averted for a time, but soon after becoming
2

a Cabinet Minister the insidious disease reasserted its do
rainion, and terminated his existence al Washington, Septem
ber 6th, i86g. He was buried with all the honors of w.ir,
the Presideni, G.:neral of the Array, the Admiral of the
Navy and Cabinet officers being chief mourners.

OLEY, RT. REV. THO.MAS, Bishop of Per-
gamus in partibus infideUuvt, Coadjutor and
Administrator of the Diocese of Chicago, was
born, March 6th, 1822, in Baltimore, Maryland,
and is of Irish parentage. He is the son of Mat
thew Foley, of the county Wexford, Ireland,
his mother being also a native ofthe same locality. These
emigrated to the United States early in 1821. At the early
age of ten years he entered the preparatory school of St.
Maiy's College, Baltimore, and after pursuing the prescribed
course of study, matriculated at the college itself He en
joyed there the best educational advantages that the institu
tion afforded, and, in 1840, al the age of eighteen, graduated
with the degree of A. B. Having determined to devote
his future life to the service of the church, he next entered
the Theological Seminaiy attached lo St. Mary's, where he
studied divinity, and passed six years in preparing himself
for the sacred calling lo which he was about to consecrate
his being. Having received the rainor orders in due course,
he was ordained to the priesthood August i6th, 1846, at the
Cathedral in Baltimore by the Most Rev. Dr. Eccleston,
Archbishop and Metropolitan, by whom he was subsequently
appointed to lake charge of the Catholic Missions in Mont
gomery county, Maryland. In this charge there were four
churches lo be served, these being located at Rockville, the
shire town. Rock Creek, Seneca, and Barnesville. After
officiating in this field for a period of eight months, he was
called upon lo act as Assistant Pastor at St. Patrick's Church
in Washington, District of Columbia, having for his senior
the venerable Father Matthews, who had for fifty years ably
filled the pastorale in the capital city, a most erainent
scholar, and one whb enjoyed the confidence and friendship
of General Washington, as well as of all the Presidents during
his lifetime. He passed two years in this parish, at the
expiration of which he was called, in 1849, to the Baltimore
Cathedral by Archbishop Eccleston. He here labored with
acceptability for a period of twenty one years, and during
that time filled several iraportant positions. When the lale
Archbishop, F. P. Kendrick, was translated lo that See, in
185 1, he becarae his Secretary and Chancellor ofthe Arch
diocese of Baltiraore. , He also filled a sirailar position
under the lale Archbishop Spalding. He also acted as
Secretary and Notary of the Plenary Council, which was
held in Baltiraore in 1866. In 1867 he was raade Vicar-
General of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, which office he
filled, being eminently qualified for the same, until his re
moval lo Chicago. He was appointed by the Holy See,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

November 19th, 1869, to the present Bishopric, to occupy
the Episcopate in place of the Rt. Rev. Dr. Duggan, who
had becorae infirm, and unable to perforra his official duties.
He was consecrated to this high office, at the Baltimore
Cathedral, February 27th, 1870, and repaired to Chicago to
assume charge "of that Diocese, and was regulariy installed
March 27lh of the same year. He is an efficient and most
able chief Pastor, and an ardent laborer in that important
and ever-increasing field. At present he is using every
exertion to rebuild the Cathedral which was destroyed by
the great fire of October, 1871. He is a raan of scholarly
attainments and profound learning; very unassuming in
manner, of a retiring disposition, and of 'pleasing address :
on all with whom he is brought in contact is left the im
pression of his being an earnest, efficient and faithful laborer
in his Master's service.

5 LAIR, CHAUNCEY B., Merchant and Banker,
was born, June i8lh, 1810, in Blandford, Massa
chusetts, and is the third of a family of seven
children, whose parents were Samuel and Han
nah (Fraiy) Blair. When he was quite young,
the family reraoved to New York Stale, where,
in the course of a few years, both father and mother died.
At the age of eleven years he returned to his native place,
and resided with an uncle on a farm until he attained to
man's estate, assisting in the various labors incident to the
life of an agriculturist. In the spring of 1835 he reraoved
westward, and during the two following years was variously
employed in Michigan, Wisconsin and Indiana, principally,
however, in land speculation. These were exciting times
in that business, and raany a one accumulated wealth and
lost il ; but as he was far-.seeing, besides possessing a cool
and clear judgment — which has characterized him in all his
business life — all his ventures were fortunate and profitable.
In 1837 he entered mercantile business at Michigan City,
having associated his brother Lyman in business with him,
under the firm-name of C. B. & L. Blair. The house w.as
for ranny years well and favorably known throughout the
Northwest, their extensive warehouse being at that time
the only one in Indiana vi'here produce could be received
and forwarded. By this progressive and enterprising firm
the first bridge pier on the east side of Lake Michigan was
erected, and they became Ihe pioneer shippers of grain lo
the East. They were ever alive to the demands of a grow
ing business, and, in order lo give the surrounding countiy
every facility, the senior partner ofthe firra obtained a charter
and contracted for the construction of a plank road, thirty
miles in length, which proved of immense value until the
Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad and the
Michigan Central Railway were opened, and superseded
these avenues of transportation. In accordance wilh the
charier privileges, which allowed the issue of notes upon
the slock of the Plank Ro.id, he at once converted it into a

banking corporation, and became its President, The notes
of this company, known at that day as the " Union Plank
Road Corapany," enjoyed a wide circulation for a period
of twelve years, and were accepted by all the Stale banks
of the Northwest, being redeemed in coin. Dji'lng the
War of the Rebellion some ofthem were held in the South,
l)ul were duly honored on presentation at the close of the
conflict. From that period until the present time he has
lieen actively and constantly engaged in banking interests.
He became a large stockholder in the old Stale Bank of
Indiana, and its branches at Michigan City and South Bend,
and when the institution was re-charlered, under the name
of "The Bank of the State of Indiana," he became owner
of the principal interest of the Laporte branch, and for many
years served as ils President. In 1861 he removed to
Chicago and acquired an interest in a private banking busi
ness, in which he continued until 1865, when he organized
the " Merchants' National Bank," and became ils President
and principal stockholder. He has filled this responsible
position lo the present day with marked ability. It is but
justice to remark especially the course he pursued during
the financial excitements which have passed over Chicago
since the summer of 1871. The great conflagration which
occurred in October of that year, and the monetary panic
which swept the country in 1873, were two formidable foes
to encounter. At the time of the Great Fire his policy was
against the judgment of all the banks. He insisted on the
immediate and full payment to all depositors of the moneys
held by his bank. This decision was the subject of reraark
and admiration from numbers of the leading public and
financial men of the countiy at large ; and the determined
stand he took at this lime resulted in establishing on a firm
foundation the credit of Chicago both at home and abroad.
But for his unwavering resolution to meet all deinands on
presentation at whatever cost, the recoveiy of the city from
the disaster would have been at the best slow and difficult.
During the panic of 1873, when the banks of New York, Bos
ton, and other large cities had suspended, and most of the
Chicago banks favored the same course, he look a determined
stand al the clearing-house meeting, proclaiming his unalter-
.able decision to pay all demands in full, and presenting un
answerable arguments in favor of such a jiolicy. This action
on his part was the origin of the course adopted by the Chi
cago banks, and these consequently pa.ssed through the panic
unscathed, thereby placing their credit on a firmer basis than
ever. Through his reraarkably able manageraent the Mer
chants' National Bank h.as become one of the most extensive
and reliable monied institutions of the Northwest, and pos
sesses the entire confidence of the mercantile community
at large. He was married, June, 1844, to Caroline O.,
daughter of Amos T. Degraff, of Michigan City, Indiana.
This estimable lady died in 1867, deeply mourned by a
large circle of relatives and friends, leaving a family of six
children, one daughter and five sons, of whom four survive:
Iwo sons having died, one in 1S70 and another in 1S74.

""^ I.' ,, p^,,:,4,ir>-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

>ING, JOHN LYLE, Lawyer, was born, 1823, in
Madison, Indiana, and is a son of Victor King, a
merchant of that city, who was one of the .pioneer
settlers of the section, and was fur.fifly years
actively identified wilh the giowth and interests
of Madison. He was also one of the founders
and most liberal patrons of Hanover College and of the
Presbyterian Theological Seminary of Hanover, now the
Theological Semin.iry of the Northwest at Chicago. John
L. King graduated at Hanover College, in the class of 1841,
the institution being then under the presidency of Rev. Dr.
E. D. McMaster. From his relationship it was almost a
matter of course that he should prepare for the legal pro
fession. One of his uncles, I. G. Lyle, of Georgetown,
Kentucky, and another uncle, Wilberforce Lyle, of Madison,
Indiana, were eminent lawyers; while Joseph G. Marshall,
and also of the latter city, the leader of the bar and of
the Whig politics of Indiana, was also a near relative. He
accordingly entered the office of Wilberforce Lyle as .i
student, and shortly after his admission to the bar, which
w.is on circuit, in 1846, his uncle and preceptor died. He
was in the following year admitted as an attorney of the
Supreme Court ofthe State. He afterwards formed a part
nership wilh S. C. Stevens, a former Judge ofthe Supreme
Court, and one of the noted early abolitionists and free-
soilers of the West ; and this convention lasted for several
years. In 1852 he was elected a representative in the Legis
lature, which was the first under the new constitution of
Indiana. The session lasted nearly six months, during
which the whole Statute Law of the Stale was revised, and
the code of practice was also adopted ; both of these yet
exist. He was one of the frequent and prominent debaters
in the discussions of the House, and was a warm advocate
of reform in the law and practice. He was a great admirer
of Kossuth, and he introduced into the House the joint reso
lutions of honor and hom.ige to the great Magyar orator
and patriot, which were passed ; and, in the oration tendered
the exile, the Madison Representative was Ch.airman ofthe
Committee which presented the Hungarian lo the Legisla
ture. At a meeting of citizens of the capital he made a
Kossuth speech which gave him great er/af. He was a
Whig in political faith, though his party in the Legislature
was a powerless minority. In .l daily journal of his native
city, of which Owen Stuart — who during the War of the
Rebellion w.as Colonel of a gallant Chicago Irish Regiment
— was part proprietor, and to whose columns he was a
constant editorial contributor, he fulminated the first anti-
Nebraska articles in the State. In the beginning of 1856
he removed lo Chicago, and formed a copartnership with
Joshua Z. Marsh, the then City Attorney, and mainly man
aged the law business of the city in the courts of record.
He made a special study of municipal corporation law, and
in i860 was himself . elected (on the John Wentworth
ticket for Mayor) the City Attorney, over the lale Colonel
James A. Mulligan. Without any assistance, and relying

only on his own knowledge, industry, and vigor, he con
ducted the whole law business during his term of office.
He subsequently acquired a large general practice, both
civil and crirainal, lo which he. has since exclusively de
voted himself. Actions of tort, such as libel cases, and for
personal injuries, in which readiness and advocacy before
juries are so serviceable, were a specialty wilh him ; and
he has had much practice in thera. In a. celebrated libel
suit, in 1869, against a prominent city journal, he particu
larly evinced his powers, and his speeches, together with
ihose ofhis associate, Mr. Evans, were published, and had a
wide circulation. He has also contributed numerous editorial
anil other articles, chiefly on legal subjects and favoring law
reform, to Chicago journals. During his professional life
his pen has been prolific. On his motion, the Chicago Law
Institute, in 1872, adopted a resolution in favor of a change
in the mode of reporting and publishing the decisions of the
Supreme Court, so as to secure their speedier and cheaper
publication. As Chairman of the Institute Committee, he
prepared the "Address ofthe Chicago Law Institute to the
Bar and the Press of the State," a pamphlet of unusual
force and vigor. His biographical sketch would be incom
plete wiihout some reference to his merits and qualities as a
lawyer and raan. His sterling merits are appreciated by
all who know him personally. He has a high sense of
honor and principle, is a true and genial friend, and of un
swerving fidelity to his clients, as also of untiring zeal for
their interests-; moreover, he is courteous and affable wilh
his brother merabers of the bar. He is jealous only for
rightful success, and coraraands the respect and attention
of the Court, and before a jury is ranked among the fore
most of advocates. His briefs in the Suprerae Court are
concise, and raodels of logic and legal acuraen, and may
be read as exceptional specimens of legal ability, indu.stry
and research, frequently relieved by allusions and illustra
tions which show the breadth, richness and variety of an
extensive culture. Ills attainments in general literature
show that he has liberally mingled the recreation of universal
and eleg.ant reading with Ihe studies and labors of the law,
which afford hira a profuseness and variety of resources.
He is still engaged in the, active practice of his profession.

If^HOMAS, REV. H. W., D. D., Clergyman, was
born, April 29th, 1832, in Harapshire county,
Virginia, and is the fourth son of Joseph and
Margaret (McDonald) Thoraas, formerly of that
section. In 1833 the family removed to Preston
county, in the same State, where they commenced
to clear and improve a farm, in which they were assisted
by their son when he became old enough to aid them ;
working during the summer months and attending such
countiy schools as the place afforded during the winter.
He then left home, and labored for his board, in order

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

that he might be enabled U attend a better class of schools.
When eighteen years of age he came into a religious ex
perience, and as his mind was deeply impressed with the
duty of endeavoring to preach he placed hiraself under
the private instruction of Rev. Dr. McKisson, wilh whom
he studied for two years, meanwhile employing such time
as he could comraand iu speaking and holding religious
meetings. He next attended the Cooperstown (Pennsyl
vania) Academy, and subsequently the Berlin Seminary,
becoming the pupil of Professor Eberhart, now of Chicago.
During all these years he continued to preach on the
poorer circuits of Pennsylvania, and during a greater por
tion of the time performed double work. His parents
having removed frora Virginia to Iowa, in the autumn of
1S54, he followed them in the following spring, and sought
to improve his health by working on their farm during
the summer, but continuing to preach on Sundays. In
the fall of that year he was attacked with typhoid fever,
which alraost proved fatal. When he had entirely re
covered from this virulent attack he served as a supply
on a circuit, and, in 1856, joined the Iowa Conference.
He still continued his studies in private under the guidance
of the lale Rev. Dr. Elliott, of the Iowa Wesleyan Uni
versity. He was successively stationed at Marshall, Fort
Madison — passing two years additional as Chaplain of
the State Prison — Washington, Mount Pleasant, and Bur
lington, remaining the full term allowed at each place, ex
cept Burlington, which he left at the close of his second
year to accept a call from the Park Avenue Church, Chi
cago. Those early years in Iowa were not free from hard
work and sacrifice, for the salary during the first four years
was but S300 per annum ; but they were rich in friendships
formed, and rewarded with encouraging success. He passed
three years in the pastorate of the Park Avenue Church,
which included the year ofthe great fire; at which tirae he
pledged hiraself to share with his people wh.atever of trial
or I0S-, might befall them, and he left the church in a flour
ishing condition. He was then appointed lo the First
Church, which at that lime was holding ils services in a
wooden shanty at the corner of Clark and Harrison streets
In the course of time the congregation moved into the lec
ture-room of the Methodist Block, and later into the large
audience roora. From a congregation of less than a hun
dred, the audience now ranges from five hundred to a thou
sand, the evening worshippers being among the finest in the
city. He has been actively connected with the Philosophi
cal Society from its beginning, and has been its President
during the past year. He is also a raember of the Literary
Club ; has taken part in the Sunday lecture course, and has
been one of the editors of the "Alliance." He was warmly
mixed up in the temperance exciteraent, taking veiy moder
ate grounds in the presence ofthe extreme actions of others,
for which, at the tirae, he was censured by sorae, but he has
been justified by events. His course in reference to the
Swing trial created not a little excitement, and called forth

criticisms both favorable and unfavorable. His policy in
all these things has been to state his position and opinions,
and then calmly abide the sober judgment of the public.
He is liberal in his views, and claims to belong to the pro
gressive orthodox school. His pastorate at the First Church
will expire during the autumn of 1875. An effort is even
now being made to retain him at that place ; should this,
however, prove unsuccessful, he will not probably be called
upon to leave Chicago. His whole life has been one of
almost incessant labor, and his greatest inspiration a love of
learning, with an abiding and all consuming desire to do
good ill the world.

AYLOR, JOHN J., Banker and Real Estate Oper
ator, was born, July 17th, 1818, in Milton, Sara
toga county. State of New York, and is of Scotch
descent. His ancestors settled at Boston, and
one of his great-grandfathers was prominent in
Revolutionary times in opposing the oppressive
measures of the British Parliament and stubborn King.
When the crisis came, his patriotism was intensely devel
oped. On the occurrence of the famous " tea-party," when
the Bohea was emptied into the harbor, the rising tide car
ried sorae of the herb ashore, and his daughter with some
of her fair companions secured a quantity of the fragrant
herb, which, when carried home as treasure trove, he re
quired her to carry her portion back and throw it where she
had found it. Subsequently, during the contest, he was
employed by the government in the manufacture of guns,
etc. John J. Taylor was educated in the district school of
his native town, and finished his studies by a two years'
course in the Academy, at Lenox, Massachusetts. When
twenty-two years of age, he went to Fayette county, Ken-
lucky, where he was engaged in teaching for eight consec
utive years. At this time the " gold fever" broke out, and
he was one of the many who emigrated to California, and
engaged in mining. The then territory was in a semi-
barbarous condition ; no law or order except wh.at those in
possession chose to observe. He was moderately successful
in the mines, but returned to the Stales in a year, and nar
rowly escaped shipwreck off Cape Hatteras on the horae
voyage. About the year 1854 he engaged in farraing oper
ations in Livingston county, Illinois. Previous lo that
period but little had been done in that section, and he m.iy
be said to have been one of the pioneer agriculturalists of
the county. He was very successful, especially in growing
wheat. He had been, since his return from California,
occupied in buying and selling Illinois lands, and at one
time during his career was ihe owner of over ten thousand
acres. His great success in raising wheat attracted the
attention of those seeking a horae in the Great West, and
induced a heavy emigration to the county. By his judicious
inveslments, in that region, he realized very handsomely
upon his real estate operations. At the outbreak of the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

13

rebelhon he was quite extensively engaged at Springfield,
Illinois, in purchasing and shipping grain to Southern ports,
and much of his material wealth was lo.st by confiscation,
and not only was he subjected to this heavy loss, but was
mulcted in a large sum for storage, freights, etc. During
the war, he had cl a-ge of the military stores at Springfield,
Illinois. After the surrender of the rebel forces, and the
c msequent close of hostilities, he reraoved lo Fairbuiy, in
Livingston county, where he engaged in Banking and Real
Eitate, and still continues this business. He was promi
nent, among others, in securing the location ofthe Chicago
and Paducah Railroad, so as lo pass through Fairbury, and
making that town a point on the line. He has proved him
self one of the most useful and influential citizens of his
section of the State, and is among the foremost in all enter
prises lo promote the interests ofthe community. Although
not an active politician, he was urged lo become a candi
date for Stale Senator, but declined the honor, as his private
business would not permit acceptance. He was married in
1855 lo H. Elizabeth, daughter of James Cary, of Bruns
wick, Maine, and has three children, two daughters and
one son.

jrrARIDLEY, GENERAL ASAHEL, Lawyer and
Bank President, was born, April 2lsl, iSio, at
Cazenovia, Madison county. New York, and re
ceived his education at Pompey Academy, in the
same Stale. When he had attained his majority
he determined to remove lo the West, and he
reached Bloomington, Illinoi'^, in October, 1831. Here he
embarked in the mercantile business, carrying on a general
countiy store, embracing dry-goods, groceries, hardware,
drugs, medicines ; in short, everything needed by civiliza
tion. His place of business was on the lot where the Mc
Lean County Bank now stands, and of which he is now
President and sole proprietor. When he settled here four
teen families constituted the population of the town, which
now numbers over 20,000 inhabitants, is the shire town
of the county of McLean, and is, in many respects, an im
portant place. Shortly after he had located himself at this
place the " Black Hawk War " broke out, when he, in con
nection with General M. L. Covel, raised a cavalry com
pany in the county, of which he was made first lieutenant.
He so distinguished hiraself for bravery and ability, that
he was soon thereafter elected a Brigadier-General, a title
which he has since borne. Al the close of the war he re
turned to Bloomington, and resumed his merchandising
operations. For several years he purchased his goods at
St. Louis, raaking his trips to that city on horseback, n dis
tance of one hundred and fifty-six miles. Subsequently his
principal purchases were made in New York and Philadel
phia. He- continued in this business until 1838. During
this period of seven years his customers extended over th^

whole adjacent country, and il is not loo much to say, that
he was known by neariy every inhabitant in that section ;
and that a very large share of goods disposed of in Cenlr.al
Illinois were sold over his counter. The ordinaiy mode of
doing business at that time was on credit. Consequently,
when the great financial crai.h of 1837 came, he was carried
dov\n, in common with almost every other business man of
importance at that day who had done a credit business. So
entirely prostrated was the business and credit of McLean
county, that lands which had been selling for twenty dol
lars per acre could find no purchaser at ten dollars. The
great question with him now was what to do to repair his
fallen fortunes. He was advised by his friends to qualify
himself for the practice of law, and this advice he followed.
During his career as a lawyer he had few equals in the
Slate, for he was distinguished for his rare abilities in all
the points necessaiy to success. In 1840 the whole country
was stirred up by the meraorable Harrison campaign, the
chief basis being the financial blunders of preceding admin
istrations. In this carapaign he took a prorainent pari, and
proved himself to be an able and telling worker. His suc
cess in this direction aroused him to the consciousness of
his new power. He was soon after elected to the Legisla
ture, and immediately look high rank araong the raembers
of the Lower House, rendering efficient and iraportant ser
vices to the State. Subsequently, in 1850, he was elected
to the Senate for four years. It was during Ihis period that
gran's of land were raade by Congress to aid in the con
struction of what is now known as the Illinois Central Rail
way ; and it was also al this lirae that the railroad since
termed the Chicago, Alton and Sl. Louis Railroad was in
process of construction. Through his skilful management
and influence, both roads made Bloomington a point, which
insured its future prosperity. This service alone would
have entitled him in all coming lime to the grateful remera
brances of his people. Afier serving his term of four years
in the Senate, rendering to his constituents other important
services, he returned lo his home. In 1853 he entered upon
the banking business. He organized the McLean County
Bank — the first Bank established in Bloomington — in pur
suance of an Act of the Legislature, and became ils Presi
dent. He soon absorbed its entire stock, having long since
become ils sole proprietor. For a long time this was the
only Bank for a vo.st circuit of country, reaching over fifty
miles in nearly all directions; and il is fair to assume that a
large share of the ample fortune accuraulated by hira results
from .this operation. In 1857, the Bloomington Gas Light
Company having proved unsuccessful, he became interested
in the enterprise, infusing new vigor into the almost pros
trate corporation, and by his efforts in its behalf he suc
ceeded in restoring it to more than ils pristine vigor. Soon
after coming into possession as sole owner, he erected
new, costly, massive and thoroughly appointed works, and
they proved an entire success, both practically and finan
cially. In all enterprises looking to the benefit of the people

14

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

he has ever been foremost, and a very important part of
the history of McLean county consists in the recital of his
actions.

<¦ OLES, EDWARD, the second Governor of Illinois,
was born in Virginia, December I5lh, 1786, and
was araongst the youngest of len children. His
father was a planter owning many slaves. Dur
ing college life the question of properly in man
first presented itself lo Edward's raind, and he
returned home impressed wilh its moral wrongfulness and
polidcal impolicy, and the resolution that when he should
become the owner of his portion of his father's slaves he
would eraancipate them. Apprehending that these senti
ments would meet wilh no countenance at home, he kept
them sacred to himself. Upon the death of his father, in
l8o3, he became entitled to twenty-five slaves and one
thousand acres of land. His father had taken no share in
public life, but his home had been ihe resort of nearly all
tlie great statesmen of the day. Edward became the
Private Secretary of President M.rdison. In person he was
tall and graceful, with face of ihe Grecian style. To a
benevolent disposition he added a wide fund of informa
tion, social tact, and conversational powers. By the judi
cious exercise of these he is said to have brought into new
bonds of friendship Mr. Madison and Mr. Monroe, and Mr.
Adams and Mr. Jefferson, who had respectively been
estranged. In iSi5 he was sent in the sloop-of-war " Pro
metheus " on a special mission to Russia, as the bearer of
important despatches to the American ambassadors at Sl.
Petersburg. Before his return he m.ade the tour of Europe.
Shortly after his arrival home he determined lo go West.
The suraraer of 1818, in Illinois, witnessed the labors ofthe
Convention at Kaskaskia to enact the first Constitution. In
the following spring he reraoved with his slaves lo Illinois.
On the trip thither — made mostly on flat-boats down the
Ohio — the negroes, ignorant of their destination, were, one
clear moonlight evening in June, while the boat was calmly
floating down the phicid streara, called together and by
their master addressed in a plain and short speech in which
he pronounced them free. Their gratitude was so pro
found that they tendered hira one year's service at the new
horae ; this he refused. He gave besides to each head of a
family one hundred and sixty acres of land in Illinois in the
neighborhood of Edwardsville, aided ihem wilh money, and
for many years exercised paternal care over them. In 1822
he was elected Governor of the Slate. In 1833, at the
age of forty-seven, he moved to Philadelphia and was mar
ried to Sallie Logan Roberts, by whom he had one daugh
ter and two sons. He died July 7th, 1868, in the eighty-
second year of his age. On arriving in Illinois he received
the appointraent of Register of the Land Office at Edwards
ville. His election to the office of Governor w.as the most
important, exciting, and angry one that took place at that

early dny in Illinois, caused princip.ally by the slavery
quesnon thus soon introduced in the affairs of the State. To
a raan of strong convictions, such as Edward Coles had
demonstrated himself to be possessed of, there was no raid-
die course nor temporizing. He stood firm lo his principles,
and his election was consequently a great triumph of right.
It was during his adrainistration that the Marquis de Lafay
ette visited this country and also the State of Illinois, where
he was entertained by Governor Coles.

<»^pArYAN, THOMAS B., Lawyer, was born in Alex-
¦ andria, Virginia, on December 22d, 1828. His

father was the Hon. Daniel Bryan, for many
years Postmaster of Alexandria, and for sorae
tirae representing his district in the State Senate.
His mother was Maiy T. Bryan, sister of Gov
ernor James Barbour, of Virginia, formerly United Slates
.Senator, Secretary of War, and Minister to England.
Thomas Barbour Bryan prepared himself for college in the
best schools of Virginia, and entered Harvard University, in
Massachusetts. He raaintained a high position as a diligent
and successful student all through his collegiate course, and
graduated with honors and received his diploma I'rora the
Law Departraent in 1848. During his collegiate course he
gave special attention lo the German language, and before
graduating he wrote a book in that language which had a
marked success. He is undoubtedly one of Ihe most thor
ough German scholars in the United States, and is, more
over, proficient in the dead languages as well as French and
Italian. In 1849 '^^ moved to Newport, Kentucky, oppo
site Cincinnati, and in the next year was married to Jennie
B. Page, daughter of Rev. C. H. Page, chaplain in the
United Slates Army. Thence he went to Cincinnati, and
for several years practised his profession there wilh great
success, in partnership with Judge Samuel M. Hart. In
1853 he removed to Chicago and entered into the real
estate business there, soon establishing a very large and
prosperous business, and becoming one of the principal and
most reliable of authorities on real estate matters in that
city. His business soon amounted to hundreds of thou
sands of dollars annually. He was one of* the pioneers of
the Young Men's Library Association of Chicago, and has
been among the foremost in all public-spirited movements.
Twice has he been candidate for Mayor of the city, but has
been defeated by small majorities each time. Although a
Virginian, he voted for Abraham Lincoln for the Presi
dency, and was a. warm, active, and earnest worker in ti.3
Union cause all through the war. He was President of tho
Chicago Soldiers' Home, was a prominent member of the
Union Defence Committee, and was President of the Exec
utive Coraraittee of the last great Sanitary Fair in Chicago.
He built and opened to the public years ago an elegant con
cert and lecture hall on Clark street opposite the Court

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

15

House, which, until Crosby's Opera House was built, was
the place where all first-class entertainments were held.
Altciwards it was devoted to mercantile purposes.

jIBBARD, HOMER NASH, Lawyer, and Regis
ter in Bankruptcy, was born in Bethel, Windsor
county, Vermont, November 7lh, 1824. His
father's name was S.irauel Hibbard, descended
from an old Connecticut family, and his mother's,
Edith (Nash) Hibbard, who died when he was
five years old. On the maternal side he is eighth in line
of descent from Thoraas Nash or Nashe, who carae to
America from London, England, with the Rev. John Dav
enport's colony and landed in Boston, July 26th, 1637, and
in 1638 settled at Quinnipiac, now New Haven. His
mother was a woraan of more than ordinaiy intellect and
culture; poetiy written by her when a school-girl gives
evidence that had her life been devoted to literature, in
stead of the practical affairs of a New England farmer's
wife, she would have attained some eminence in that di
rection. Homer attended the public schools of the
neighborhood until his fifteenlh year, when he entered the
Academy at Randolph, Vermont. About this lime, his
father, who had engaged in the woollen manufacturing
business, then lo sorae extent an experiraent in this countiy,
met wilh reverses, so as lo render any assistance lo his
son in obtaining a classical education beyond his means.
Homer, now in his eighteenth year, left his home, and en
gaged as a clerk in the law office of J. C. Dexter, of Rut
land, Vermont, and employed his leisure in a desultory
course of law studies, having a predilection for that profes
sion. His reading very soon showed him the necessity of a
more extended education to prepare him for a successful
professional career. How to obtain a thorough education
without means, or even encouragement, was a question that
many a less energetic mind would have left unsolved. And
it may not be out of place to remark that the young men
who fiirego youthful pleasures and pastimes lo obtain an
education, and thus fit themselves for a life of usefulness,
are the really self made raen. Homer began reciting to
Rev. William Mitchell, which he continued for eighteen
months, then went to Castleton Seminary, where he was
fitted for college. In 1846 he entered Vermont Univer
sity, supporting himself and paying tuition fees, as he had
done while filling for college, by teaching during the win
ter seasons. He graduated in good standing in the class
of 1850, wilh Hon. Edward C. Palmer, Judge of Ihe Su
preme Court of Minnesota, Z, K. Pangborn, a prominent
journalist and politician of Jersey Ciiy, New Jersey, Rev.
Theodore A. Hopkins, Principal of the Verraont Episcopalian
Diocesan Seminaiy at Burlington, and Rev. William T.
Sleeper, of Worcester, Massachusetts. On leaving college,
he was appointed Principal ofthe Buriington High School,
and it was a source of much pleasure to him lo assist and

make smooth the way for others to obtain an education, and
Ihe two years he spent here he regards as among the pleas
antest of his life. He was assisted by S. II. Peabody,
since Professor of Mathematics and Civil Engineering at
Amherst, Massachusetts, and now Professor of the Natural
Sciences in the Chicago High School, and Professor Buck-
ham, now Principal of the State Normal School at Buffalo,
New York. He remained here two years, and then en
tered the Dane Law School of Harvard College, where he
continued until the spring of 1853, when he returned to
Burlington, where for six months he studied in the office
of the Hon. Levi Underwood, when he was admitted to
the bar. His examiners were Hon. G. F. Edmunds, now
United Stales Senator from Verraont, and Cliairman of the
Senate Judiciary Committee, and Hon. L. E. Chittenden,
First Register of the Treasury under Mr. Lincoln. In the
fall of 1853, he removed to Chicago, in company with John
A. Jaraeson, his companion at Dane Law School, wilh
whom he forraed a partnership, reraaining in Chicago until
the spring of 1854, when becoming .mpalient of the slow
advance that young lawyers invariably make in large cities,
they reraoved to Freeport, Illinois. In 1856 Mr. Jameson
returned to Chicago and formed a partnership wilh Paul Cor
nell. Mr. Hibbard remained at Freeport, and formed a
partnership with the late Hon. Martin P. Sweet, and soon
acquired an extensive practice. While here, he was Presi
dent of Ihe Board of Education and Master in Chanceiy of
Ihe Circuit Court, and also City Attorney. In the latter
capacity he drew the city charter and revised and published
the ordinances which form the sub-stratum of the existing
laws of thai city. While residing in Freeport, he was mar
ried, in 1855, to Jane, daughter of Williara Noble, of Bur
lington, Verraont. In the spring of i860, he returned lo
Chicago, and again becarae associated wilh his former part
ner, Mr. Jameson, the firm being then Cornell, Jameson
and Hibbard, and continued until Mr. Jameson was elected
lo the bench of the .Superior Court in 1865. Mr. Hibbard
afterward became the head of the law firm of Hibbard,
Rich and Noble, which continued until 1871. In January,
1870, he was appointed by the Hon. Thomas Drummond,
then United Slates District Judge, upon the nomination of
Chief Justice Chase, Register in Bankruptcy for Chicago,
and has since filled the position wilh entire satisfaction lo
the Court, B.rr and community. As a lawyer he has been
successful. He sincerely hates shams, or any unprofes
sional conduct, and is much respected by the Bar and his
fellow-citizens. He is a director of the National Bank of
Illinois, Vice-President of the American Insurance Com
pany of Chicago, and President of Ihe Board of Directors
of the " Chicago Botanical Gardens," and was formeriy
connected with the publication of the "American Law
Register." He is a ruling elder of the Presbyterian Church,
and it raeraber of the Board of Education at Hyde Park,
his place of residence. He was for several years the Presi
dent of the Alurani Association of his Alma Mater, in

i6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

whose prosperity he still takes a great interest. He is a
pronounced Republican, but not a politician, in the com
mon acceptance of the word.

?TRAWN, JACOB, Agriculturist and Stock Dealer,
was born in Soraerset county, Pennsylvania, May
30lh, 1800, descending from English and Welsh
ancestry. His paternal ancestor came over in
the ship which brought William Penn. His
father, Isaiah Strawn, had four sons and two
daughters, and Jacob, the subject of this sketch, was the
youngest of the faraily. These children were early initiated
into the mysteries of farming, in which business the Slrawn
family in ils various branches has since become so distin
guished. Jacob Strawn inherited an unusual share of the
hardy vigor and energy of his ancestors, and early mani
fested those tastes aud facilities for agricultural and business
pursuits for which in later life he became quite remarkable.
He was born "of the soil, and had for it a kind of filial re
gard. He took to firming naturally and from a love of the
employment. It was the bent of his mind. But his special
inclination was to the handling of cattle. When but ten
years of age he had ideas of stock-raising, and began opera
tions in that line, which foreshadowed Ihe talent and suc
cess subsequently evinced in the sarae. These native ten
dencies were but little stimulated or raodified by advantages
of education, which at that tirae and in the rural region
where his boyhood was spent were very limited. In the
year 1817 the family reraoved to Licking county, Ohio,
where they renewed Ihe business of farming, but on a much
larger scale. Two years later, at Ihe .age of nineteen, Jacob
was married to Malilda Green, daughter of a Baptist minis
ter in the neighborhood. He was soon settled on a farra
ofhis own, not far from his father's, and at once began lo
breed and deal in cattle and horses, and was so successful
in this line of business that in a few years he was worlh
several thousand dollars. But desiring lo extend his opera
tions beyond what was possible on a comparatively sraall
tract of land in Ohio, he turned his eye towards the rich
and cheap prairies of Illinois, and in 1831 settled upon a
large farm in Morgan county, four miles southwest from
Jacksonville, still the homestead of the family. At that
time he was probably worth from six lo eight thousand
dollars. In the December following his wife died ; she
had borne him seven children, of whom three sons are
living and largely engaged in agricultural pursuits. In
July, 1832, he married Phoebe Gales, daughter of Samuel
Gales, of Greene county, Illinois. He had no doubt a
business-like way of dealing with the subject of matrimony,
but the current .stories about the "snap" method of gelling
his wives must he taken at a discount; however it may with
truth be said that in both cases he evinced n wise discern
ment and appreciation. By his second marn.age he had

five sons and one daughter, of whom three sons survive,
and are owners of large agricultural estates, settled upon
them by their father some years previous to his decease.
His settlement in Illinois marks an era in Western fzjrm-
ing, but especially in stock-rai.->ing. Once firraly fixed on
his vast farra, exceeding eight thousand acres of rich and
beautiful land, in a few years he had it all nnder fence and
a large portion of it under cultivation. From time lo time
he added to his estates large tracts of valuable land in other
places in furtherance ofhis vast plan of stock-feeding, and
wilh a view of supplying the great markets of the East,
South, and West. His vast herds were often seen passing
from one of these farms to another. No one thought of
compeling wilh him in this business; no one could well do
so, for if any had the necessary funds, they had not the re
quired genius for enterprises of such a character, they had
not the generalship which combines such numerous opera
tions and successfully directs them to a single end. Il is
related that to defeat a formidable combination to break
down his trade in St. Louis he sent out agents upon every
road leading to that city wilh positive instructions to pur
chase every drove on the way thither, and so well was this
movement conducted that for a time, ample enough to show
his capacity to cope wilh any such clique, he held a com
plete monopoly of the trade. None of his great success
was due to chance, or what is called good fortune ; but it
was all the legitimate result of wise foresight, prudent man
agement, and a raost untiling industry, while not a lillie
was due to a ceaseless activity, both of mind and body,
which few men would be capable of, whatever their talent
or disposition raight be. He had wonderful physical en
durance. He did not spend much time in bed, or in Ihe
house, but he spent a great deal in the saddle, night and
day, when gathering and directing the movements of his
vast herds. His business- was his pleasure; he got much
ofhis sleep and rest on horseback. Certain maxims, which
he published for the benefit of others, were the secret of his
own prosperity. Sorae of them sound like Benjarain Frank
lin's, and are worthy to be placed wilh them: for instance
these : " When you wake up do not roll over but roll out;"
" I am satisfied thai getting up early, industiy, and regular
habitsare the best medicines ever prescribed for health ;"
" Study your interests closely, and don't spend any time in
electing Presidents, Senators, and other small officers, or
talk of hard times when spending your tirae in town whit
tling on store boxes, etc. ;" " Take j'our time and make
your calculations; don't do things in a hurry, but do Ihem
at the right lime, and keep your mind as well as your body
employed." Il is well known that he made no professiors
of piety. Yet he believed religion important and necessary.
He had faults peculiar to a person of powerful passions and
strange eccentricities, but his life was an example of many
worthy qualities and deeds. In uprightness he was severe,
in honesty unquestioned. He had a high sense of honor.
His word he held sacred. His promptitude in meeting

'^*W- -S<3. & Fkaa^¥^"'^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

17

promises was proverbial. He came to time in making
l^ayments, and required those who owed him to do the same.
Yet he vvas kind as well as just; he was slow to take ad
vantage of any person's necessities or misfortunes. He had
no sympathy for the lazy, but he was a friend to the indus
trious poor ; he had a warm heart for the laboring classes,
and he did not turn coldly away from any well-authenti
cated tale of sorrow. During the late war he was strong in
the Union cause, and generous in his expressions of regard
for our soldiers in the hospital and the field. At one time
he contributed ten thousand dollars to aid the objects of the
Christian Commission. He was also instrumental in send
ing fifty milch cows to Vicksburg for the relief of the
wounded and suffering troops at that place. He was a true
patriot, and his habits were marked by extreme simplicity,
as became the greatest farmer of the republic. Fie made
no show of dress or equipage. He thought more of well-
tilled fields and handsorae stock than of all personal array-
ments. He haled all show and sham, but admired all
substantial worth. He had the strong temptations of opu
lence and passion, but he was remarkably free from the
vices which often spring up in the midst of such influences.
The young, especially, may profit from his example of in
dustiy, frugality, honesty, and strict temperance. In prin
ciple and habit he was a thorough total abstinence man,
never using intoxicating liquor in any shape, and not fur
nishing it for laborers or for guests. He could not endure
men about hira who indulged in strong drink. Tobacco
also he discarded as both unnecessaiy and injurious. He
could not bear the presence or enjoy the company of per
sons given to any bad principles, vulgar habits, or low
vices. After a life of almost unexarapled activity, and of
very unusual suc;ess in accoraplishing the worldly objects
at which he aimed, he died suddenly at his home, August
23d, 1865, from a disease to vv'hich for many years he had
been subject. His funeral was largely attended, and on
the 17th of September following, a commemorative dis
course was delivered by Rev. L. M. Glover, D. D., the
pastor of the faraily, in Strawn's Hall, Jacksonville. Mr.
Strawn is buried in the beautiful " Diamond Grove Ceme
tery," an expensive and worthy monument marking the
spot. The Strawn mansion is occupied by the surviving
widow, who is spending the latter portion of a busy life in
the method of elegant ease and hospitality.

^UBBARD, GURDON SALTONSTAL, Fur Tra
der, Merchant, and Ship Owner, was born, Au
gust 22d, 1802, in Windsor, Vermont, and is a
son of Eleazur and Abigail (Sage) Hubbard,
formerly ofthal town. He attended school until
he was thirteen years old. In 1815, immediately
after the Treaty of Peace had been concluded at Ghent, and
been ratified by the Governraents of the United States and
3

Great Britain, he removed with his father to Montreal, where
he remained three years, and then engaged with the Amer
ican Fur Corapany, as clerk, at a salary of $120 per an
num. He was the youngest employ^ of that concern, being
only sixteen years of age. The parly left Montreal, May
13th, 1818, in boats, passing up the Saint Lawrence river
lo Lake Ontario, and coasting its northern shore to Toronto.
Thence crossing their boats by the land intervening between
Lakes Ontario and Simcoe, a distance of eighteen miles,
coasting the latter body of water to Noltawasaga, descend
ing the river of that narae to Lake Manilouline or Georgian
Bay, and Lake Huron, and through that lake to Mackinac,
now Mackinaw, where they arrived July 4th. That point
was the principal trading-post and general rendezvous of
the Ainerican Fur Corapany, and the traders from all di
rections brought in the furs, gathered during the preceding
winter, to this place, where they received the necessaiy sup
plies for their next trading carapaign, again returning lo
their respective posts to engage in another campaign. The
rations furnished the men consisted of a pint of hulled corn
and an ounce of grease. After he had remained at Mack
inac six weeks, he was detailed with the Illinois Brigade —
the different departments or trading divisions of the Amer
ican Fur Company being designated as " Brigades " — An
toine de Shong having Ihe command. This brigade con
sisted of ten clerks and about one hundred men. With
twelve loaded boats they coasted Lake Michigan, and ar
rived at the present site of Chicago, November Ist. From
that point they passed their boats through Mud Lake into
Des Plains river, being corapelled to carry their goods u
great portion of the way, and were four weeks in reaching
Ottawa, Illinois. They located trading-posts about every
forty to sixty miles on the Illinois river, commencing at the
mouth of Bureau river, above Hennepin. He was de
tailed to keep the accounts at that trading-post, and was
permitted to accompany Mr. De Shong to St. Louis,
where he met his father, who had previously reraoved lo
Arkansas. The country, at that period, between Hennepin
and Sl. Louis was entirely without settleraent or cultiva
tion. They returned to Hennepin in the fall of 1819, and
met for the first tirae the Indian Chiefs Shaubanee and
Waubee. Wilh Ihe son of the latter, he frequently hunted
during the following winter, and became quite proficient in
the Indian language. During this entire period he was en
gaged in keeping the accounts of the post. He continued
in the fur trade for thirteen years, and during Ihis period
he frequently urged the substitution of pack horses for
boats, wherever this was practicable. In 1826 the trading
brigade was placed under his command, when he at once
purchased horses, and their advantage soon became appa
rent to all. In 1828 he bought all the interests and fran
chises of the Fur Company, and continued the business on
his own account. During the period that he carried it on
the Black Hawk War broke out, and he was engaged with
General Atchison in the contest wilh the savages. The

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

rapid settleraent of the counliy began to have its natural
effects on the fur trade, and he then engaged in other business
operations. He was a member of the Illinois Legislature in
1832-3, and introduced the first bill authorizing the con
struction of a railroad in the Slate. It passed the lower
House, but was defeated in the Senate by the casting vote
ofthe President of that body. In 1834 he disposed of his
business in Danville, and removed lo Chicago. When he
first reached Chicago, in 1818, the place consisted of a gar
rison fort (Dearborn) and two dwelling-houses, one occu
pied by John Kinsie, father of the lale John H. Kinsie, and
the other by Antoine Houlmette. He was the first person
to erect a brick house in the then town, which was put up
in 1834; he had the bricks manufactured on the ground,
and brought .the necessaiy timbers from Ihe Calumet river.
This building was al the corner of La Salle and South
Water streets, and was used as a forvi'arding warehouse, the
La Salle street front being occupied by a branch of Ihe State
Bank of Illinois. During Ihe same year he commenced the
organization of a Navigation Company, and purchased from
the United Slates Government the barque " Detroit," one
of the vessels coraraanded by Perry in the Lake Erie fight,
and also the " Queen Charlotte," the British flag-ship, cap
tured by Perry in that meraorable contest. He also built
the brigs " Indiana " and " Illinois ; " and these four ves
sels constituted the first regular line between Chicago and
Buffalo. This line was continued until disposed of in 1844,
to Pratt, Taylor & Co., of Buffalo. In 1835 "^^ bill au
thorizing the construction, by the Slate, of the Illinois and
Mississippi Canal, passed the Legislature, and he was Ihe
first Commissioner appointed. In the same year he com
menced pork packing in Chicago, being the pioneer in that
great business ; the article was put up in bulk. At this
time also he was Ihe owner of a number of vessels on Lake
Michigan, and also of a line of passenger sailing vessels
plying between Chicago and St. Joseph, Jlichigan City, and
Milwaukee. In 1844 he added the packing of beef, and
continued in this business until 1870. The packing house
was destroyed by fire the following year. In connection
with A. T. Spencer & Co., he organized the first line of
steamers in 1843, between Chicago and Lake Superior,
consisting ofthe steamers " Superior," " Lady Elgin," side-
wheel vessels, and the propeller " Oukanaga " ; the latter
vessel now belongs to Leopold's line. He is now engaged
in managing his own real estate, having made large invest
ments in 1834-5. In 1835-6 he acted as an Aide-de-camp
to Governor Duncan, being appointed thereto by that exec
utive officer. He was raarried in 1830 lo Ellen, daughter
of Judge Berry, of Urbana, Ohio; she died in 1838. After
five years of widowerhood he was united to Mary Ann
Hubbard, of Whillleboro, Massachusetts. One of the
pioneers of Ihe city, a man of conspicuous enterprise, clear
judgment, and indomitable perseverance, he enjoys in
high degree the respect, confidence and esteem of his fellow-
citizens.

ARWELL, HON. CHARLES B., Merchant and
late Member of Congress, was born, July isl,
1823, at Painted Post, New York, and was edu
cated at Ihe Elmira Academy. In 1838 he re
moved to Illinois, and was employed in surveying
the public lands, and also in farming for a period
of six years. In 1824 he went to Chicago, and engaged in
the real estate and banking business. In 1853 he was
elected County Clerk of Cook county, and re-elected to the
sarae office in 1857. He subsequently became engaged in
mercantile pursuits, and is at present a member ofthe well-
known firm of J. V. Farwell & Co., of Chicago, one of the
largest wholesale dry-goods houses in the Northwest. He
was appointed, in 1867, a member of the Slate Board of
Equalization; and in the following year was chosen as
Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Cook county. In
1869 he was named a National Bank Examiner. He was
elected, on the Republican ticket, a member of the Forty-
Second Congress, and re-elected two years thereafter to the
Forty-Third Congress, receiving 9212 voles against his
opponent's 4952. During his first term of office he served
as a member of the Committee on Public Buildings and
Ground, and also on that of Banking and Currency ; and as
a member of the Forty-Third Congress, he was on the last
named Committee, and also served as Chairman of the
Commillee on Manufactures. He was raarried, October
nth, 1852, to M.ary E. Sii.ilh, of South Williamstown,
Massachusetts.

OUGLAS, HON. STEPHEN ARNOLD,
Lawyer, Jurist, Statesman, and United Stales
Senator, was born, April 23d, 1813, at Brandon,
Vermont. His faraily was of Puritan descent,
and his father was a physician of ability and rep
utation, who died early in his professional career,
leaving his widow and child in very straightened circum
stances. Young Douglas was unable to attend school nioie
than one-third of ihe year, alternating during the other eight
months between labor on a farm and employraent in a cab
inet shop. When he was eighteen years of age, he accom
panied his mother and step-father to Canandaigua, New
York, and entered as a student in Ihe academy of that
place, where he continued until 1833. In the same year
he removed to Illinois, where he taught school for a sup
port, and commenced the study of law, and finally adopted
that as his profession. In 1834 he was admitted lo the bar,
and Ihough bul imperfectly trained in the law, he exhibited
such abilities in his early efforts before the courts, that in
the following year, when he was scarcely twenty-two years
old, he w.as elected Attorney-General of the Stale. He
had, al Ihe outset ofhis professional career, opened an office
in Jacksonville. He did not retain this position long, but
resigned in order lo accept a seat in Ihe Legislature, lo
which he had been nominated and subsequently elected.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

19

After his term of service had ended, he returned to the prac
tice ofhis profession, and so continued until 1837, when he
was appointed by President Van Buren Register of the Land
Office at Springfield ; he held Ihis position for two years,
forwarding his resignation in 1839. In 1S40 he was made
Secretaiy of Stale, and in Ihe following year was elected
by the Legislature of the State a Judge of the Suprerae
Court of Illinois. He occupied his seat on the bench for
nearly two years, resigning therefrom on the occasion of his
being nominated and elected a member of the National
House of Representatives. He took his seat as a member
of the Twenty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to Ihe
same position in 1845 ; and in 1847 was chosen United
Stales Senator by the Legislature of the State for the term
of six years from the 4lh of March, which position he held
until his death, being constantly re-elected, whenever his
term was about to expire. He was a candidate for Ihe
Presidency in 1852, 1856, and 1S60, and in the latter year
received the nomination at the hands of the " Douglas
wing " of the Democratic party. Although he received but
twelve electoral voles, he was next to Abrahara Lincoln in
the popular vole, as the Douglas electors received 1,365,976,
or nearly as many as both Breckenridge and Bell. While
a raember of the United Slates Senate, he made himself
felt as a man of extraordinary talent, energy and determi
nation. He posses.sed also that genial electric nature which
drew around him a host of warm personal and political
friends. He was by nature and conviction a Democrat ;
and amid all the clashing of parlies, and the changes of
political issues, he ever reraained the friend and tribune of
the people. He was for a long lime Chairman of the Cora
mittee on Territories, and drew up most of Ihe bills for Ihe
organization of new Territories, and the admission of new
States. Although he was not the originator, yet he was the
mover and earnest advocate of the celebrated " Kansas and
Nebraska bill," and of the " Repeal of the Missouri Com
promise." He was also the advocate and upholder, if not
the originator, of the " Squatter Sovereignty Doctrine,"
placing in the hands of Ihe settlers of a Territoiy, at the
lime of its organization, the power of determining its future
status in regard to slaveiy. It was upon this point that
the famous issue between himself and Abraham Lincoln
was drawn, and the two political giants waged a warfare
upon it that forras one of the most remarkable incidents in
the histoiy of the nation. This contest it w.as which brought
Abraham Lincoln prominently forward for the Presidency,
and in fact secured him the first honors in the arena of
national politics. It vvas raarked by extraordinaiy ability
on both sides. He look a lively interest in the exciting
troubles which coramenced subsequent to the Presidential
election of i860. His views v^'ere freely and forcibly
expressed in his place in Ihe Senate; and his determination
to sustain and defend the Government of the Union at
every cost vvas duly declared. Soon after Ihe close of
the extra session of the Senate, which acted upon Ihe

nominations m.ade by President Lincoln, then just in
augurated, he left Washington for Chicago. On April
20lh, 1861, he was detained al Belair, Ohio, in consequence
of il railroad train missing a connection. When it was
knov^-n that he vvas in town, the people gathered around the
house were he was sojourning, and after cheering for him,
as well as for Major Anderson, then the hero of the hour;
for the old flag, and for the Union, he Wias called forth to
address the people. He responded to the invitation, and
delivered an able and patriotic discourse, denouncing the
right of any Slate to secede, and urging the partisan to sink
party and stand by the Governmeni. On the 25th of the
same raonth, the Legislature of Illinois asserabled to hear
an address frora him, in vvhich he discussed wilh consider
able fulness the exciting topics of Ihe day. He returned lo
Chicago, May 1st, somewhat indisposed wilh incipient
stages of inflammatory rheumatism. Onthe iithof Ihe sarae
month he addressed Virgil Hickox, Chairman ofthe Demo
cratic Stale Committee, in a long letier, giving his views in a
candid, friendly manner, on the posture of affairs, and this
was probably one of the last letters he ever vvrote. In it he
arraigned those who advocated the right of secession as
enemies of Iheir counlry, aud frankly staled the issue lo be a
question of "Government, omo Govermnent, Counlry, omo
Counlry." He cited the histoiy of the Nullification excite
ment during General Jackson's administration ; how, when
Ihat great President issued his celebrated Proclamation, Clay
and Webster, the leaders of the opposition, who had pre
viously carried on a bitter warfare against the administra
tion, and the measures promulgated and defended by it,
now sank the partisan in the patriot, and rallied to the sup
port of him who said, " The Union raust and shall be pre
served." The course of these leaders of the great Whig
parly, both of the North and South, together wilh their
friends in the .Senate and House, and with their adherents
in the Stales, was pointed out by Senator Douglas in this
letier, as Ihe course proper to be pursued by the Democratic
parly of Ihe North, especially by that branch or wing which
had supported hira at the November, i860, election. His
health did not improve as the month rolled on, bul his
disease did not affect him, nor did he seem conscious
of the imminent peril of death, which was slowly but
surely approaching; neither did his complicated affairs
give him any concern. The salvalion of Ihe Republic
was uppermost in his thoughts by day and night, and
alraost his last coherent words expressed an ardent wish
for the honor and prosperity of his counlry by the dis
persion and defeat of her eneraies. He had ever been
a warra friend of education for the masses, and his noble
gift of ten acres to the Baptist Society, whereon to erect
a great University, is an evidence of his feelings in Ihis
respect. Sincerely mourned and respected by a great body
of his fellow-countrymen, he ended his useful life, in the
prime of raanhood, in his adopted city of Chicago, June
3d, i85i.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

, OODRUFF, GILBERT, Banker, was born, No
vember 20lh, 1817, in Watertown, Jefferson
county. New York, and is a son of Frederick and
Loderaa (Andrus) Woodruff. Until the age of
eighteen years he labored on a farra, attending
school during the winter months only. In 1838,
he went to Illinois, and was a clerk in his brother's store in
Joliet for some six months ; but returned to Watertown, and
shortly after went into the grocery business, which proved
successful. He sold out his establishment in 1845, ^"<1
became engaged in real estate transactions, both in his
neighborhood and in Western lands. He erected also
many fine buildings in Watertown ; prominent among these
was " Washington Hall Block." In 1857 occurred a great
financial panic, and he repaired to Dubuque, Iowa, where
his principal investments had been made; there he was
occupied until 1858 in arranging his affairs, and thence
proceeded to Rockford, Illinois, where he finally concluded
to locate. In the latter place he was engaged in ex
changing his lands in Iowa for farms in the vicinity of
Rockford, and so continued until 1871. The increase in
value of this latter property within the past fifteen years is
truly remarkable. In the latter year, as principal stock
holder, he organized the Rockford National Bank, of which
he was elected President, which position he continues to fill.
It has a capital of ^100,000, and is only second in amount
of business transacted by six similar institutions in the city.
He has ever been an active public man, interested in all
matters relating to the welfare and improvement of the
community among whom he resides, and to the beautifying
and adornment of the city. In political matters he has
always raanifested a deep interest, and earnestly labors to
elevate to office those whom he considers will best execute
the wishes of Ihe people they represent. In 1873 he was
elected Mayor of Rockford, and re-elected in 1874. Al
though his adrainistration has not been characterized by any
remarkable event, yet he has the satisfaction of knowing
that the prosperity of Ihe city has steadily advanced, and
that his efforts in behalf of the people are appreciated by
them. He is one of the Trustees of the Rockford Female
Seminary, President of the Forest City Insurance Company,
and a member and Trustee of the First Congregational
Church of Rockford. He is apparently in the prime of
manhood, is pleasant in conversation, yet seeras to be a
better listener than talker. His raanner is kindly and cour
teous lo all, both to those blessed wilh this world's goods and
those who are not, which has made for him a large circle
of warm friends and admirers. He has achieved a great
success in life, and has been thus far the architect of his
own fortunes. He is a brother of George Woodruff, Presi
dent of the First National Bank of Joliet. He was married,
1842, to Nancy Foy, of Watertown, New York, and has a
family of two sons and three daughters. His eldest
daughter is the wife of M. S. Parmele, Cashier of the Rock
ford National Bank.

f^ERR, REV. THOMAS, M. D., Physician and
Clergyman, was born, May 24th, 1824, in Aber
deen, Scotland, and is a son of Robert Kerr, ii
merchant of that city. He was educated at
Marischel College, graduating in 1841. In 1845
he went to the United States, and for neariy a
year remained in Nevv York city, attending the lectures in
the University ; and in 1846 proceeded West, locating at
Sharon, Walworth county, Wisconsin, where he commenced
the study of medicine, prosecuting the sarae subsequently
in the Medical Department of the Iowa University, from
which institution he graduated in April, 1 850, with the
degree of M. D. He immediately commenced the practice
of his profession at Elgin, Kane county, Illinois, where
he rem.iined and conducted a successful business until 1857.
At this period he was ordained to the ministry of the Bap
tist denomination, and was settled at Dundee, in the same
county, for two years. He was thence called to Waukegan,
and ministered to a large congregation there for two years.
Having received an invitation to become the pastor of the
First Baptist Church of Rockford, Winnebago county, he
accepted the same, and fulfilled ils duties until 1867, when,
at the request of the Baptist Home Mission Society, he re
moved to Hannibal, Missouri, to re.store Ihe interests ofthe
Baptist Church in that section. Meanwhile, in the spring
of 1861, as a delegate to the Evangelical Alliance, which
convened at Geneva, Switzerland, he visited that city, and
thence extended his travels through Italy, Egypt, and Pal
estine to Jerusalem ; and visited Rome, thence travelled
through France, stopping at Paris on his return. He also
made a short stay in London previous to his return to
America. He was absent about six months, having gained
much useful knowledge, and been greatly benefited by the
trip. In 1863 he saw much active service as a member of
the Christian Commission in the Army of the Potomac,
then under coramand of General Burnside, both as a spirit
ual adviser and physician. At Hannibal, Missouri, he re
mained about two years. Meanwhile, his religious vievvs
had been undergoing a change, and leaving that city, he
settled in Chicago, and resumed the practice of medicine,
intending to continue it until those views should become
settled. During his residence in Chicago, he received from
time to time urgent invitations from his former charge to
return to Rockford and become their pastor again. In the
winter of 1869 he removed there and resuraed the pastorale
he had left in 1867, continuing there until August, 18(70.
During this period his sermons vvere far from sectarian, and
he allowed his thoughts to travel over a broader plane Ihan
that prescribed by the Baptist creed. It soon became evi
dent that he was no longer a believer in the sectarian vievvs
ofthe evangelical churches, and as he realized the fact that
he was not preaching the doctrines for which he had been
called, tendered his resignation, which was accepted by the
Society. This resulted in about seventy merabers leaving
Ihe church, who called upon him to organize another So-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

ciety, and wilh this end in view, they held a meeting in
Brown's Hall, Rockford, and, October 26lh, 1870, a So
ciety was formed under the distinctive n,ame ofthe " Church
of the Christian Union," with Dr. Kerr as pastor, which
has since become one of the most successful religious organ
izations in the city, holding regular services in Ihat hall
every Sunday. He is not a sensational preacher, but be
lieves and advocates freedonr of thought, and the indestruc
tible and everlasting productiveness of the human mind.
He is a fine orator, and since January, 1871, his sermons
have been preached entirely without notes or manuscript.
In private life he is beloved by all who know hira, and
even those who differ with him in religious views are
among his warmest friends and admirers. In 1872 he was
the recipient of a fine residence on Church street, presented
by the members of his Society, and which cost $5000.
Personally, he is tall, erect, and finely formed, with a large
head and fully developed lirain. He is vigorous and ener
getic, perfect in health, and with every promise of raany
years of usefulness in the future. He was mamed, 1845,
to Sarah Jacox, of Sharon, New York, and has one son and
one daughter.

sOODRICH, HON. H. O., Merchant, was born,
October 3d, 1819, and is a son of the lale C. H.
and Lydia A. Goodrich, who were old settlers in
Illinois, having removed in 1839 to Greene county,
and subsequently to Jersey county in that State.
His ancestors were English, French, and Scotch.
His father was for eight years Attorney for the First Judi
cial Circuit of Illinois, and was one of the most prominent
lawyers in that portion of the State. He was a man of
finished education and large general culture. He died al
Jerseyville in 1868. His son, H. O. Goodrich, was edu
cated at the Genesee High School, New York, which he
left when eighteen years of age, and soon after became an
apprentice to learn the harness maker's trade. After learn
ing this occupation he went to Towanda, Pennsylvania,
where he remained eighteen months, and then departed for
the West, reaching Jerseyville in 1840, his total ca.sh capi
tal being seventy-five cents. He first woiked al his trade
in CarroUton, but soon after opened a shop in Jerseyville,
which he carried on until 1846, and then engaged in the
mercantile business, in which he was interested for eleven
years. He afterwards erected a large mill and distillery at
Jersey Landing, which he operated until 1859. Since 1847
he has been general agent for C. H. McCormick's Reaper,
which business has proved very lucrative. In 1862 he
became sutler to the Sixty-first Regiment Illinois Volun
teers, in vvhich capacity he amassed a considerable amount
during the three years he was in the field. Shortly after
his return home, in 1866, he engaged largely in the milling
business. In political belief he is a Democrat, Jiaving pre
viously been an old- line Whig. He has been three several

times elected Mayor of the city, and was one of the first
trustees after ils incorporation as a city. He is always
prominent in eveiy movement calculated lo advance the in
terests of Jersey county, and was one of the pioneers in the
organization of Ihe Jersey County Agricultural Society, and
was in Noveraber, 1 87 1, elected its Presideni. He is em
phatically a self-made man, and has been very prosperous in
all his undertakings, having acquired a handsome corape-
tence. Few men in Southern Illinois have a more extended
business acquaintance, as well as reputation, than he. He
was married, June 21st, 1847, to Jane Amelia, daughter of
Dr. A. R. Knapp, and has a family of three children, one
son and two daughters.

fV|]>ITTLE, ALEXANDER C, M. D., Physician,
Lawyer, and Soldier, was born, Januaiy l8th,
1838, at Rome, Oneida county. New York, and
is the youngest of five sons, whose parents were
John and Agnes (Rae) Little, both of whom were
of Scotch birth. When Alexander was a year
old his parents, who were fanners, reraoved to Lee, in the
same county, and there he comraenced attending Ihe dis
trict school. In 1849 the family reraoved lo Westem, also
in the same county, and after remaining there two years,
left that place for Veronia, whence, after a short sojourn,
Ihey proceeded, in 1851,10 Kendall county, Illinois. Dur
ing all these changes Alexander had been attending school
at such times as he could get an opportunity. From Ken
dall county, vvhere they remained but a brief period, the
family finally removed to Kane county, where Ihe father
died, in 1861, and where his widow yet resides wilh her
sm Alexander. In ihe fall and winter of 1853-54,
Alexander attended a select school in Aurora, which was
somewhat in advance of the coramon district schools.
Having decided upon Ihe medical profession as his future
sphere, he effected an arrangement wilh Drs. Harwood and
Danforth, of Joliet, Illinois, lo become their pupil, and in
the autumn of 1855 he entered their office and commenced
his studies. In the following summer he returned to Au
rora, where he continued reading medicine wilh Drs.
Younw and Hard, as his preceptors, until the fall of that
year, wdien he matriculated in the Medical Department of
the Iowa University at Keokuk, and attended one course
of lectures in that institution. At the close of the terra, in
1857, he returned to Joliet, and coramenced the practice
of niedicine with his fir.st preceptor, Dr. Willis Danforth,
meanwhile continuing his studies. In the autumn of the
same year he again repaired lo Keokuk, and graduated in
the spring of 1858, receiving his diploma and degree of
Doctor of Medicine. In 1859 he attended the Clark Sem
inary in Aurora, and in the two succeeding years his time
was occupied in home study and assisting in the culture of
the farm. In 1862 he organized a company of volunteers,
which were in readiness to be raustered into service, when

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA;

news was received from head-qriarters that there was to be
no draft in Illinois. The patriotism of a raajority of the
company was somewhat cooled, and they disbanded. Bul
a few of Ihe number, including Dr. Little, were determined
to enter the service, and he enlisted as a private in Cora
pany K, I271h Regiment Illinois Infantry, which was mus
tered in at Chicago, September 6th, 1862, and iramediately
ordered to the front. This body of soldiery joined the
Army of Tennessee, then under the command of General
Sherman. After the battle of Arkansas Post, Januaiy loth
and nth, 1863, the Captain of Company K resigned, when
Dr. Little was promoted from the ranks to that position,
March 6th, 1863, being at that time but twenty-five years
old. He participated in the siege of Vicksburg, which city
capitulated July 4th, 1863, and subsequently, in the battle
of Mission Ridge, November 25th and 26th, of the same
year, and where the rebel General Bragg was so terribly
defeated : in fact he bore a part in all the battles of the
Army of the Tennessee from 1862 until the close of the
war. In the spring of 1864 General Sherman commenced
the Georgia campaign, so called; and Captain Little, while
in comraand of his regiment on the skirmish line, near At
lanta, vvas wounded in the thigh, August 3d, 1S64, which
disabled him for service, and he returned home. After a
sojourn of six weeks, he again went to the front, but did not
rejoin his regiment — which was then with Sherman in Ala
bama — but was placed in command of a detachment left by
the order of that General to guard and hold the posts in the
vicinity of Cleveland, Tennessee, and protect the inhabi
tants from the depredations of Ihe guerillas who then in
fested that locality. He remained at Ihat point until he
was ordered to North Carolina, and arrived at Newberne
towards the close of February, 1865, and shortly afterwards
moved with his men to Gold.sboro, in the same State, where
he rejoined his regiment : subsequendy, these were stationed
near Raleigh, where they reraained until the close of the
war. He then raarched with his raen North, to Washing
ton, District of Colurabia, and participated in the memorable
review of the Grand Array, hy the Presideni and the General-
in-Chief, which, moving in company front, occupied over
six hours in passing. After being honorably discharged
from the service, June, 1865, he returned home, and after
a short rest, entered Antioch College al Yellow Springs,
Ohio, where he passed six months, .and look up a literary
course. Returning lo Aurora, he commenced the study of
law with Hon. Charies Wheaton, and in Ihe autumn ofthal
year, 1866, entered the Law School at Ann Arbor, Michi
gan. In the spring of 1867 he went home, and was ad
mitted to the bar of Kane county in the August of Ihal year.
In 1S69 he was elected an Alderman ofthe city, and served
one year in Ihat capacity. In 1873 he was City Attorney,
and during that year became associated in business with B.
F. Parks. In 1874 he was elected Mayor of Aurora, which
office he now fills. As a lawyer, he is regarded as one of
the most successful in the Northwest. He is a man of a

high moral and social standing, and in his career thus far has
exhibited energy and perseverance in all his undertakings.
These qualities, conjoined to his rigid integrity and sense
of honor, have tended to place him in a position in society
which but few men can attain. He is still unmarried.

URNER, JONATHAN BALDWIN, was born at
Templeton, Massachusetts, December 7th, 1805.
His ancestors were araong the emigrants on the
Mayflower. He studied at Y'ale, in which Uni
versity he took a high rank, and. where his deter
mined energy and vigorous mind gave early
promise of a. useful and illustrious future. In October,
1835, he married Rhodolphia S. Kibbe, and became the
father of seven children. He accepted the .situation of
teacher in various schools in Massachusetts, and at New
Haven, Connecticut, before his graduation, and won Ihe
encomiums of his associates and the love of his pupils. He
carae to Illinois as teacher in Illinois College in 1832, and
was soon after chosen one of the Professors of that institu
tion, and held the position for fifteen years, when failing
health, and what was then deemed overzealous resistance
to slavery and sectarianism, compelled his resignation. He
was deeply interested in educational i^roblems, and as early
as 1833 delivered in the Stale a series of lectures for the
purpose of arousing popular sentiment in favor of a broad
and permanent system of common schools; and while thus
philanthropically engaged, during college vacations, on
horseback and on fool, through that then sparsely settled
commonwealth, on the vast tiraberless prairies, he- con
cluded that they would reraain undeveloped so long as the
people were wiihout the means of closing in their farms.
This led him lo Ihe study of some device as a substitute for
tiraber for fences. In his experiments in this public labor
he exhausted his means and effects, and vvas repaid by the
silly jeers of the incredulous. He tried various plants wilh
little success for a long tirae, until he found the Osage
orange; and this for a considerable period was always
.spoken of as " Professor Turner's Folly;" but at length,
by the force of successful experiments, incredulity was com
pelled to admit the great benefits of his discoveiy. He in
terested himself in Ihe advanceraent of agriculture, and was
one of the originfitors of the modern methods for planting
corn by machinery, and for the extensive use of machinery
in the general cultivation of the ground. He was restlessly
active, contributing to the raagazines and journals papers
on " Microscopic Insects," " Fungoid Growths, and Diseases
of Plants and Trees," on " The Preparation and Rotation of
Crops," on " The Analysis of Soils," and on kindred sub
jects, filled with practical suggestions of incalculable value
lo his fellow-men. His political discussions have at all
times attracted the attention and study of statesmen. Dan
iel Webster pronounced his essay on " Currency " one of

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

23

the ablest papers he had ever read on that subject. His
" Morraonism in All Ages," published in this countiy, and
reproduced in Europe, was one of Ihe keenest expositions
of the character of a community which has long defied
civil and military power. His numerous lectures, speeches,
essays and papers against all modes of slavery and sec
tarianism and party drill, whether in church or in stale,
and his persistent defence of the absolute freedom of the
individual man as against all unjust corporate power, are
equally pointed and characterislic. As a lecturer and
essayist he was voluminous, and widely varied in his pro
ductions ; and his discourses on " P;actical Education,"
"The Three Races of Men," "The Ocean Currents and
Open Sea at the Poles," "Meteorology," "Practical Cul
ture," " Metaphysical Analysis," •' On Matter, Force, and
Spirit," have been printed and distributed by the Stale
Natural History, Horticultural and Agricultural and other
Societies and periodicals. He was ainong the earliest ad
vocates of a United Slates Agricultural Bureau in Illinois;
and in 1851 produced a series of lectures and papers on
the necessity for educating the working classes by raeans
of schools and universities endowed by the Slate, which led
to the endowraent of our national system of industrial insti
tutions. He was a strong advocate of a State Normal School.
He is a man of broad church views, and abhors close sec
tarianism. His life-long study has been Ihat of ameliorat
ing the condition of the working classes through the me
dium of technical and variously graded industrial schools.
His various labors have secured to his enjoyment a com
fortable fortune, and though he has retired from the more
active duties of life, he exhibits the same deep interest in
the questions which from early age employed his thoughts.
He is regarded in most honor.able esteem by his fellow-
citizens ; and is solaced in his declining years by witnessing
the fruits of those institutions which, in labor prompted
by the true spirit of philanthropy, he aided in founding.
For sorae years past he has almost wholly withdrawn
from all private -business and all public effort, to devote
his time more exclusively to a renewed and thorough re
examination and review of the real ground-work and basis
of those great religious, social, civil, philosophical and
educational questions which have so much engrossed the
public mind and his own past life.

LLEN, EDV/ARD R., Merchant, was born, No
vember 7th, 1819, in Courtland county, New
Ko York, where also he vvas educated in the com-
V raon schools peculiar lo those days. When fifteen
c)'°-\? y'^'^'"^ "''^ ^^ "''^"' '° Lockport, in the same State,

W

and entered Ihe drug store of Dr. George W.
Merchant as <an apprentice. He remained there until 1839,
when he received an offer from L, M. Boyce, a former
clerk to his employer, and who was at that lirae carrying

on a sirailar business in Chicago, to become his employ^,
which he accepted, very rauch to Ihe chagrin of Dr.
Merchant, who vvas unwilling to part wilh so valuable an
assistant. He remained in Chicago with Boyce for two
years, and meanwhile made the acquaintance of George
E. Peck, ii merchant in one of the interior towns of Illinois,
and subsequently in connection with that gentleman opened
a store in Aurora, in 1841. Il was at this time that his
real battle of life commenced; for he had come to -n new
countiy an entire stranger, and with bul little capital lo
commence business; the region itself afforded but a slender
prospect fin- doing business, and the town at that period
possessed no railroad communication whatever with the
outside vvorld ; so il required all the firmness and decision
of character with which he is so largely possessed to over
come Ihe obstacles vvhich daily presented themselves to his
vievv. He remained in this business until 1852, during
which lime he had been associated with two partners, the
latter being L. D. Brady. In 1846 he was comraissioned
Postmaster by President Polk, and held Ihe office until
the inauguration of General Taylor, when, owing to his
political sentiments, he vvas removed; but, in 1853, was
re-appointed by President Pierce. In i860 he was elected
a Representative to the Slate Legislature frora Kane county,
and served in that body until 1862, when he was chosen
a Senator, and as such was in office for four years. He
was one of the fourteen Senators vvho left the Stiite, during
the session in the spring of 1863, to prevent a quorum
assembling when Ihe pro-slavery members were using every
effort to place Illinois araong Ihe seceding States. He
was a Deraocrat of the old school, before Democracy be
came synonymous wilh secessionism, and when the war
broke out he became a Republican. He had been pre
viously honored, in 1857, at the time Aurora was incorpo
rated as a city, by the Democratic nomination for Mayor,
but vvas defeated by B. F. Hall. From his first residence
in Aurora, in 1841, he has held various town and city offices,
being first Supervisor and subsequently a member of the
Board of Trustees. After the city government was per
fected he has held prominent positions, as being a raeraber
of the Council, and for several consecutive years vvas an
Alderman, during which period he acted as Mayor of the
city for one term. He is one of the original stockholders
and founders of the First National Bank of Aurora, and
was for some time ils Vice-President, being at present one
of the Directors. In 185 1, in connection with his partner,
L. D. Brady, he erected the firft grain warehouse in Ihe
city. About that time the construction of a railway from
Aurora to connect with the Chicago and Northwestern Rail
road was mooted, and considerable difficulty was experienced
respecting the location, etc. In Ihe discussions which fol
lowed, and Ihe ultimate arrangements effected, he took an
active part ; in fact, in all the many enterprises undertaken
in Ihat section since 1841 he has ever been a leading spiiit,
and has expended much time and means for Ihe purpose of

24

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

benefiting the condition of the community among whom he
resides. Being the possessor of keen perceptive faculties,
sober habits, unrivalled integrity and clear judgment, he has
been enabled to fill the various positions to which he has
been called with that degree of perfection which few attain.
He is still regarded as a leading man in Aurora, though he
has retired somewhat from active public service. He is yet,
however, extensively engaged in the grain, coal and lumber
business, through which he has amassed considerable means.
He dissolved partnership with L. D. Brady in 1852; and
was thereafter, and until 1867, associated vvith his brother,
William B. Allen, in the concern. He has been thrice
married; his first wife was Alice A., daughter of Wyatt
Carr, of Aurora, to whora he was united in 1846. She was
the mother of two children, the eldest of whom, Edward C.
Allen, is in the employ of the Post-Office Department on
the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad as Mail
Agent. She died in 1850, and in 1852 he was married to
Mary A., daughter of Luke Gates, who died in 1865, leav
ing four children. In 1868 he married Sarah, daughter of
Thomas Stewart.

^REENE, WILLIAM G., Agriculturist, Stock-
dealer and Banker, was born, January 27th, 1812,
in Overton, Tennessee, and is the fifth child of
William and Elizabeth (Graham) Greene. His
ancestors were of English descent. His grand
father, Jervis Greene, vvas one of the pioneer
settlers of Kentucky, emigrating there from North Carolina,
while the country was yet a wilderness. His life there was
very insecure, and he was eventually killed by the Indians
at the battle of Blue Licks, August, 1781. The son of the
last-mentioned resided in Kentucky for ten years after his
marriage, but removed to Overton, Tennessee, and engaged
in farming on the Cumberland, near the mouth of Obey's
river, and there six of his children were born. After he
had resided in that section some fifteen years, he determined
to remove to Illinois, although that name was subsequently
bestowed upon it. The French settlers of Sl. Louis called
it St. Gamie ; and Sangama, Sangaman, and Sangamon were
variations of this. The family reached a point, now in
Menard county, near where Tallula is at present situated,
and there settled, purchasing a farm, with a few improve
ments ; and this was subsequently the residence of his
father and mother until their death. William was but nine
years old when they removed to Illinois ; and his eariy edu
cation was only that obtained in the neighborhood. Al
though the facilities for receiving instruction were very
liraited, he, nevertheless, vvas a good student, and what he
then learned became the basis of a sound and substantial
education. His father's house was near Salem, and when
Abraham Lincoln made Ihat place his home, in 1831, young
Greene became one of his acquaintances, and a friendship

was formed that lasted till the death of the latter. Lincoln
was then twenty-one and Greene three years his junior; but
as far as education was concerned the latter had the ad
vantage, and from him Lincoln learned his first lessons in
English grammar. The same year witnessed the breaking
out of the Black Hawk war, and a call for volunteers was
issued by Governor Reynolds. Young Greene responded,
and became a private in a company of mounted rangers
under Captain Adam Smith. No fighting, however, oc
curred during this campaign. In the spring of 1832 the
v^'ar broke out afresh, and Illinois was invaded by the
savages. Another call for troops was made, and this
time he becarae a private in the company under the com
mand of Abraham Lincoln. Their three months' service
was one of hardships rather than glory. On Greene's return
home he worked a year on his father's farm, and in 1833
became a student in the Illinois College, at Jacksonville,
where he remained three years. It had some of the features
of a manual labor school ; the students were paid from six
to eight cents an hour for their labor, but paid fpr their
board, washing and tuition, the room-rent being free. He
was a diligent scholar, studying lale at night, and recited
and labored by day. So industrious was he, that he not
only paid all expenses, but had the means to enter 160 acres
of government land. Richard Yates was a student in the
institution at the same time, and a lasting friendship was
formed between the two. On one occasion, while Yates
was Greene's guest, during a vacation, they visited Salem
and the latter introduced his friend to Lincoln ; and thus
the great war-Governor of Illinois and the great war-Presi
dent began their acquaintance. At the conclusion of his
college course, young Greene went to Kentucky, near Dan
ville, where he first became a private tutor in the family of
George Carpenter, a prominent man in that section. He
also taught a grammar school by lectures for some time
with great success ; and then went to Tennessee, where he
became Principal of the Priestly Academy in White county;
and it was here vvhere he forraed the acquaintance of the
lady to whom he was subsequently united in marriage. He
returned to Illinois shortly after that event, where he re
sided about eighteen months, but returned to Tennessee,
vvas appointed Deputy Sheriff of the county, and also be
came engaged in agricultural operations. In 1842 he re
moved to Mississippi and settled at Aberdeen ; but owing
to the insalubrity of the climate remained only six months,
and thence repaired to Memphis, vvhere, with a capital of
a little over ;Jl00, he started a family grocery and provision-
store. He resided in that city two years and a half, and
during that period, beside carrying on his store, raade several
trips down the river by flat-boat to New Orleans wilh farm
products. His business proved prosperous, and he acquired
considerable property. In the spring of 1845 he returned
lo Illinois with his family, and purchased a farm in Mason
county, on Quiver creek, and began operations as a general
land dealer and farmer, in both of which he was very sue-

^lUi- Ca. i^.Wwi^/J^i-" -

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

25

.cessful. In 1853 he disposed of his properly in Mason
county and purchased the farm near Tallula, on which he
has ever since resided. He here entered largely into farm
ing and stock-dealing, meeting with the same success that
has attended almost every 'enterprise in vvhich he ever en
gaged. He has also assisted largely in Ihe railroad develop
ments of the State, pie was one of the original Directors
ofthe Tonica and Petersburg Railroad, which has since be
come incorporated with the Jacksonville Division of the
Chicago and Alton road, and was also interested in building
up several towns along the line. Mason City is one of
these. Greenview has ils name from hi.n, and he was one
of the original founders of Tallula. His keen business fore
sight brought him in possession of several tovvn sites along
the route ofthe Chicago and Alton road, and subsequently,
when the towns were built up, he was enabled to realize a
handsome sum from his investments. The Jacksonville
Division was in a very precarious condition at the con
clusion of Yates' adrainistration as President. At that time
he was one of the Directors, and was persuaded to become

sought by aspirants from llli-nois for political appointments
at the hands of the Presideni. He was an earnest supporter
of President Lincoln lo his life's end, and none mourned
more sincerely over his unliraely grave or lavished richer
honors on his meraory. He continued a Republican for
some years thereafter, and in 1868 his narae was brought
prorainently forward as the Republican candidate for Con
gress. Latterly, his views became conservative, and in
1872 he supported Horace Greeley for President. He has
been closely identified wilh business enterprises near his
home, and his energy and capital have done rauch toward
the development of the manufacturing and commercial
interests of the county. In connection vvith J. A. Brahm,
in September, 1866, he established at Petersburg the first
bank in Menard county. The institution known as Ihe
banking firm of "Brahm & Greene" is on a firm and sub
stantial basis ; and was one of the few banks that went
through the panic of 1873 without a suspension of payments,
though much of their deposits was locked up in other cities,
and for the lime beyond their control. He is also largely

President. The energy and business sagacity he brought to | interested in the South Valley Coal Shaft, in Petersburg ;
and is one of Ihe principal parties who have brought lo their
present successful operation the woollen mills of the same
place. In Ihe town of Petersburg he has ever taken a deep
interest, and ils growth has afforded him peculiar gratifica
tion. He has acquired a handsome fortune, and makes
his wealth a means of comfort and happiness lo hiraself
and others. His residence is a raodel of quiet elegance
and taste ; his horae is surrounded wilh every corafort, and
with his wife he dispenses a genial and generous hospitality
wilh the ease and grace of the olden tirae. His private life
has been embellished by deeds of liberality, which honor
alike his goodness of heart as they do justice to his vvisdom
and forethought. He is ever ready to assist young men of
ability who are striving to battle for fame and fortune. In
every public improvement he. has been an active participant,
subscribing for all raeasures looking to the public welfare
wilh a liberality that has never been wanting. He was mar
ried, March 3151, 1837,10 Louisa A , daughter of Woodson
P. White, of White county, Tennessee, and they have had
nine children, of whom seven, six sons and one daughter,
are now living. The children inherit largely Ihe peculiar
characteristics of their parents. The sons are enterprising
farmers ; their only daughter, Katie, is securing her education
at Ihe old Moravian Seminaiy, at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

his duties were mainly effectual in placing the road on a
firmer basis than it had ever before known. The company
was saved from bankruptcy, and the judgraent of the other
Directors thoroughly justified in assigning him the task. He
was active in obtaining the charter of the Springfield and
Northwestern Railroad ; was one of the original Board of
Directors, and ils first President. It was largely through his
energy that subscriptions for the building of the road were
obtained, and a portion of the line constructed. Upon the
road passing into the possession of the present lessee, Mr.
Greene retired from the management. His political con
victions prior to i860 led him to act raostly with the Demo
cratic party. He, however, voted for his old friend, Lincoln,
for President ; and, indeed, he it was vvho paved the way
and initiated the movement vvhich made Yates the Governor
of Illinois, and eventually secured the nomination of Lin
coln for the Presidency. At the outbreak of the Rebellion
his sympathies vvere warraly enlisted in the support of the
administration, and Central Illinois knew no stronger Union
man than he. Three of his sons enlisted in the army, and
fought during the war. In the darkest hour of the conflict,
when the Government called for money, none was more ready
than he to furnish it. Upon the passage of the Internal
Revenue Act considerable trouble was anticipated in the
Ninth Illinois District, in which Menard county was em
braced. He was appointed by President Lincoln to put the
lavv in successful operation, and though he accepted the
office with some reluctance, he thoroughly organized the
system and all conflict with the people was avoided. His
friendship wilh the President was still maintained, and he
was frequently his guest at Washington. In his own section
his assistance was important in preventing threatened col
lisions between agents of the Government and parties dis
affected wilh the war measures. His influence was always
4

(9.03
4

\ i -'.

OUNG, DELOS W., M. D., Physician, was
born, 1829, in Montgomery county. New York,
where he received a common school education.
In 1841 his parents removed to KendaU county,
Illinois, and he remained on their farra until he
was eighteen years old, when he went to Aurora,
and commenced the study of medicine wilh Dr. Nicholas
Hard, on whom he made a raost favorable impression by

26

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.'

his industrious, studious habits, and his indomitable per
severance. In due course he obtained a medical diploma
and entered upon the practice of his profession, in which he
was eminently successful, few men in the State having equal
reputation as surgeon, or better skill as a physician than he.
He was naturally a public man, and commenced at an early
age to take an active part in political matters and to hold
public positions. He was always an earnest abolitionist and
unflinching Republican, casting his maiden vote for John
P. Hale for the- Presidency. Soon after the breaking out
of Ihe War of the Rebellion he entered very heartily into
the formation of the 36lh Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and
was commissioned Surgeon of the same ; he held this posi
tion until his resignation in 1874. He saw rauch service in
the field, and raatured and finished his natural skill in
surgery. At home he filled many positions of trust and
honor. He served in the Common Council in 1858, '59,
and in 1870, '71, and at the time of his death was serving
another term. He was elected Mayor in 1864, and re
elected in 1865 and 1866, being the only one who ever suc
ceeded himself in that office. He also served in the Board
of Supervisors, representing Aurora in 1865, '66, '67. The
estimation in which he vvas held by his fellow-citizens is
fully attested by the fact that at the time of his death he vvas
not only a prominent member of the Common Council, but
one of the Board of Educadon, and President of the Aurora
Silver Plate Manufacturing Company. He was emphatically
a self-raade raan, and took no sraall pleasure at times in
recounting the struggles of the first years he passed in
Aurora, when he labored from morning to night at menial
work for his board, while he earnestly devoted all the time
he could obtain to the study of the medical profession. In
that profession he was an enthusiast. He took a leading
part in the County and Stale Medical Societies, and several
of his essays upon medical topics have been published. His
library always contained the best known treatises, which
were faithfully studied. In all public matters he had opinions
and expressed them. He was largely instrumental in direct
ing public opinion to the erection of the magnificent Central
School-house in Aurora, and many other public enterprises
were largely prohioted by him. He was one of the best
known men in the community. To his domestic relations
he was rauch devoted ; he was a tender husband and an
affectionate father. He died, September 8lh, 1874, afier a
brief but severe illness.

^TURTEVANT, JULIAN MONSON, D. D.,
LL.D., was born at Warren, Litchfield county,
Connecticut, July 26lh, 1805, his parents having
been Warren Sturtevant and Lucy Tanner, both
natives of the same place. He is a descendant
of Samuel Sturtevant, vvho was a farmer in Ihe
old Plyraouth Colony in 1642. During his childhood his
father reraoved lo what is now Surarait county, Ohio, and

in the winter following this raigration, which occurred late
in 1816, the little household vvas domiciled in a log cabin
in the heart of what vvas then an almost interminable forest
of northern Ohio. Here he spent his youth, obtaining in
the interim of the seasons of farm labor a good common
school education, and here was developed a strong inclina
tion for the work of the Christian ministry. In his thirleenlh
year, then ambitious for a collegiate education, he com
raenced the study of Ihe Latin language with his brother,
whose desires were kindred wilh his own, and together they
labored diligently with the limited means placed at their
advantage for self-culture. Thus he obtained a very good
preparatory standing for a college course, and before hi.;
seventeenth year was thoroughly acquainted with the Eneid,
Georgics and Bucolics of Virgil, wilh the works of Sallust
and Caesar, the orations of Cicero, and the more important
productions of literature during the Augustan Age of ancient
Rome. In the summer of 1822, in company with his elder
brother and Elizur Wright, since not unknown to fame, he
went to Nevv Haven and was enrolled among the freshmen
of Yale. By careful attention to his studies, by making Ihe
most out of all the advantages afforded him, he graduated
with distinction in 1826, and in a class of loi was regarded
as one of ils best scholars. Upon his graduation he assumed
the office of Principal in an academy at New Canaan, Con
necticut, and retained it for nearly two years, when he en
tered the Theological Department of Yale. While prose
cuting his studies here he joined an association of his fellow-
students whose objecl vvas the selection of some Stale in the
Mississippi Valley where all should seek their homes ; where
they might unite their efforts for the founding of churches,
schools, and a college, and the fostering of all inslilulions
which tended to develop a Christian civilization. Their
Eastern friends readily contributed to aid them in this noble
mission, and, after considerable correspondence, Illinois vvas
selected as their future home and field of labor. This St.ale
vvas then in its infancy, having in 1830 less than 160,000
inhabitants. In 1829 Dr. Sturtevant married Elizabeth
Maria Fayrew eather, of New Canaan, Connecticut, and soon
after, accompanied by his wife and his life-long friend, Rev.
T. Baldwin, he emigrated to Illinois. In December of that
year he and his associates organized the Board of Trustees
of Illinois College, at Jacksonville, and he was selected to
open the institution for the reception of pupils. On the
raorning of Januaiy 4th, 1830, in an unfinished building,
the southern half of what is now known as the Libraiy, he
met nine students, and vvith him as its individual faculty,
and these few students as its first matriculants, the institu
tion was inaugurated. One year after. Rev. Edv\'ard Beecher
being selected as President of the college, he was chosen
Professor of Mathematics and Nfitural Philosophy, holding
that position until 1844, when he was elected to succeed
Rev. Mr. Beecher in the Presidency of the institution.
Since then he has confined his instruction lo mental and
moral science. Despite the numerous obstacles encoun-

?a.4!.;.y F„.i. Co. i'W"'*'''' ^'

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

27

tered, the college has steadily grown in influence and
popularity, and now holds very high rank among our dis
tinguished Araerican educational institutions. It has a
large and talented faculty; is under the constant process of
amplification to meet growing necessities, and shows yearly
a decided increase in the students attending. It has an
interest bearing fund of ^130,000, and the aggregate value
of all ils properly is from ;j250,ooo to ^(300,000. It already
counts among its alumni many of the raost distinguished
men of the Slate, prorainent as statesraen, jurists and clergy
men. In 1840 Dr. Slurtevant's wife died. He subsequently
married her younger sister, Hannah R. Fayrewealher, who
still survives. Three of his sons have graduated at Illinois
College, one of whom is novv a Congregational preacher in
Denver, Colorado, and one a tutor in the institution. The
third died at the age of thirty-seven. Dr. Sturtevant has
written voluminously for the periodicals, and his articles in
the religious weeklies, " The Advance," "Independent,"
" The Congregationalist," " The New Englander " (quar
terly), and others, show him to be a writer of no ordinary
culture. Plis style is smooth and fluent; his reasoning is
clear and powerful ; his descriptions the choicest speciraens
of word-painting. In 1 863 he visited England and Con
tinental Europe, and as this was during the Rebellion he
had frequent opportunities for ascertaining with rauch pre-
ci.sion the character of foreign sentiraent regarding the
North and South. Upon his return he delivered frequently
and finally published a lecture on " British Feeling and its
Causes." This discourse was republished in England, at
the instance of Richard Cobden. Many years ago he re
ceived the degree of D. D. from the University of Mis
souri, and three years ago the degree of LL.D. frora Iowa
College.

^\YLOR, HORACE W., Lawyer, was born, Feb
ruary I.St, 1823, in Granby, Hampshire county,
Massachusetts, and is a son of the late Willard
Taylor, a farraer in moderate circumstances, and
who died in 1834. He was thus left .at an early
age dependent upon his ovvn efforts. When fifteen
years old he was apprenticed to the blacksraith trade, but
after serving for four years he deterrained to abandon it, as
he desired lo possess a better education than could be gained
by following -such a pursuit. He worked his vvay unaided
through the preparatory course previous to his entering col
lege, partly at the Amherst Acaderay and partly at Warren,
Massachusetts. In 1844 he matriculated at Amherst Col
lege, where he maintained a high rank of scholarship, and
graduated in 1848 with a rank among the first in his class,
receiving in 1851 the degree of A. M. From 1848 to 1857
he was engaged in teaching, one year at Williston Seminary,
at East Hampton, in his native State, and seven years at a
Young Ladies' Seminaiy al Billimore, Maryland. While
at the latter city he becarae a law student, and in 1857 re

raoved to Rockford, Illinois, where he was admitted to the
bar, ancl where he has since resided, and conducted one of
the most successful practices in northern Illinois, occupying
a prominent position in the several courts of that .section.
He is regarded as a safe, honest, and reliable counsellor,
and in private life is esteemed and respected by all who
know hira. Since his residence in Rockford he has been
actively identified with the educational and moral interests
of his adopted home ; and was for several years a member
of the School Board of the city, and President of the County
Sunday School Association. Personally, he is a genial,
raodest, unassuming man, of kindly disposition and winning
manners; he is prominent in every enterprise looking lothe
development and iraproveraent of the city, and the time
others would spend in political affairs he gives lo the ad
vancement of temperance and other raoral enterprises which
tend to raake his fellow-men wiser and better. He was
married in 1854 to Anna A. Robinson, of Enfield, Massa
chusetts, a graduate of the Mount Holyoke Female Semi
nary, and has a family of three children, one son and two
daughters. Pie occupies a pleasant residence in the northern
portion of the city.
ILBUR, C. T., Physician and Superintendent of
the Illinois Institution for the Education of
Feeble-Minded Children, was born. May i8th,
1835, at Newburyport, Massachusetts, his father
being the Rev. Hervey Wilbur, a Congregational
clergyman, who was one of the pioneers in the
establishraent of Bible-classes, and who vvas probably the
first to compile and publish a Bible-class text book in this
counlry. He engaged in many literary and scientific labors,
and was the author of a popular work on Astronomy, the
compiler of a Reference Bible, and a lecturer upon natural
history and astronomy. His son was fitted for college in
Ihe public schools of Newburyport, but failing health com
pelled him to cease close raental application for a lirae, and
at sixteen he entered a raercantile house in Boston, and re
raained thus engaged until his twenty-first year, when in
1857 he commenced the study of medicine. While a student
he became connected vvith the New York State Asylum for
Idiots as teacher, and was led lo the investigation of Ihe
various forras of dementia by an elder brother, Dr. H. B.
Wilbur, vvho established in 1848 the first institution for the
care of idiots in the United Stales, at Barre, Massachusetts,
and who was al this time Superintendent of the institution
at Syracuse. In 1858 he was called to assist in the organiza
tion of Ihe Ohio Stale Asylum for Idiots, at Columbus, and
was for some time employed as ils Assistant Superintendent.
In 1859, in May of which year he was raarried to Miss L.
C. Peyton, an assistant in the same institution, he went lo
Lakeville, Connecticut, and rendered invaluable labors in
the establishment of a School for Feeble-Minded Children,
which has since been successfully conducted by Dr. H. M.

28

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Knight. In iS6o he took his degrees at the Berkshire
Medical School, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and removed
to Marietta, Ohio, where he comraenced the practice of
raedicine and achieved decided success. In 1861 he en
tered the volunteer service, was commissioned as Assistant
Surgeon of the 59th Ohio Infantry, served in Kentucky,
Tennessee and Mississippi, under General Buell, and par
ticipated in the battle of Shiloh, and all the skirmishes and
engagements incidental to the siege of Corinth. The 59th
was the first regiment to enter that tov\'n. Resigning his
post June 22d, 1862, on account of the raalarial fever he
had contracted in service, he returned horae to recruit his
health, and on the i8th of the following August was com
missioned as Assistant Surgeon of the 95th Ohio Infantry,
becoming Surgeon June 14th, 1864, and serving wilh this
regiraent until the mustering out in August, 1865. He par
ticipated wilh Ihis comraand in the baldes at Jackson,
Mississippi, May 14th, 1863 ; Vicksburg, Mississippi, from
May i8th lo June 22d, 1863; Jackson, Mississippi, from
July loth to the i8lh, 1863 ; Brice's Cross Roads, Miississippi,
June lolh, 1864; Tupelo, Mississippi, July 13th and i4lh,
1864; Old-Town Creek, Mississippi, July I51h, 1864; Nash
ville, Tennessee, December 15th, l6th, 1864; and at the
siege of Spanish Fort, Alabama, from March 27lh to April
8th, 1865. After the capture of Mobile the regiment marched
north to Montgoraery, Alabama, where they received Ihe
news of the capitulation of Lee. In Septeraber, 1865, Dr.
Wilbur removed to Jacksonville, Illinois, and was selected
for his ripe experience and learning to take charge of the
Illinois Institution for the Education of Feeble-Minded
Children, and under his wise and thoughtful manageraent
the most gratifying results have crowned the labors of Ihis
noble cha-rily. In 1870 he received Ihe degree of Master
of Arts from the Wesleyan University, at Bloomington, Il
linois. He has during his medical career closely studied
the most practical methods of ameliorating the condition of
the feeble-minded, and the application of the fruits of his
experience has been fortunate in very raany cases. The
school which he novv has in charge has accoraplished, and
is still accomplishing, so rauch that is beneficial lo the State
that the Legisl.ature of Illinois has taken favorable action
for the erection of larger and more appropriate buildings,
to cost not less than a quarter of a million.

(^3 RANT, ULYSSES S., eighteenth President of the
United Stales, was born, April 27lh, 1822, at
Point Pleasant, Ohio, descending from* Scotch
ancestry. He passed his boyhood in the village
of Georgetown, Ohio, whilher his parents removed
in 1823, and by the appointment of Hon. Thomas
L. Harraer, Congressman, entered the Military Academy at
West Prjint in 1839. His narae originally was Hirara
U'ysses but the certificate of appointment to the acaderay

vvas made out for LHysses S., and the latter has been ever
since recognized as his name. He graduated in 1843, hav
ing in his studies shown a raarked proficiency in mathe
matics. He ranked twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine,
and was made a brevet Second Lieutenant of infantry, being
attached very soon after as supernumerary Lieutenant to Ihe
4th Regiment, stationed at that time in Missouri. In the
suraraer of 1845 he accompanied this coramand to Texas,
where it joined General Taylor's army, and on Septeraber
30lh was made a full Lieutenant. His first service on the
field of battle was at Palo Alto, May Sth, 1846, and subse
quently he participated in the engagements at Resaca de la
Palma and Monterey, and at the siege of Vera Cruz. In
April, 1847, he was appointed Quarterma.sler of his regi
ment, and for conspicuous gallantry al the battle of Molino
del Ray, Septeraber 8lh, 1847, he was made a First Lieu
tenant on the field. He was brevetted Captain for his con
duct at Chapultepec, to date from that engagement, which
occurred Septeraber 13th, 1847. After the capture of the
City of Mexico he returned wilh his regiment. In 1848
he married Julia T. Dent, sister of one of his classmates.
In 1852 he accompanied his regiraent to California and
Oregon, and while at Fort Vancouver, August 5th, 1853,
vvas coramissioned full Captain. On July 31st, 1854, he re
signed and removed to St. Louis, cultivating a farm near
that city and engaging in business as a real estate agent.
In 1859 he was employed by his father in the leather trade
at Galena, Illinois. Upon the breaking out ofthe Rebellion
he took the comraand of a corapany of volunteers, with whora
he marched to Springfield, Illinois, being there retained as
an aid lo Governor Yates, and acted as mustering officer
of Illinois volunteers until he became Colonel of the 21st
Regiment, his commission dating from June 17th, 1861.
He joined his regiment at Maltoon, organized and drilled
it at Caseyville, and then crossed into Missouri, where it
forraed part of the guard of the Hannibal and Hudson Rail
road. He was on July 3ISI placed in command of the troops
al Mexico, forming part of General Pope's force, and on
August 23d was promoted Brigadier-General of Volunteers,
the commission dating back to May I7lh, and assumed at
once the coramand of the troops at Cairo, who were re
inforced shortly after by General McClernand's brigade.
On Septeraber 6lh he seized Paducah, at the mouth of the
Tennessee, and Smithland, at the mouth of the Cumber
land, on the 25th. His proclamation lo the people of Pa
ducah announced that he had nothing lo do with opinions,
but should deal only wilh armed rebellion, ils aiders and
abetters. He checked the advance of Ihe Confederate
General Jeff Thompson on October 2lsl, 1861 ; this being
accomplished at the battle of Fredericktown, Missouri.
When Halleck assuraed comraand of the Department of
Missouri in Ihe following December, Grant vvas assigned to
the control of the District of Cairo, which was then one of
the largest districts in the West. In February of 1862, at
the head of 15,000 men, he started on his memorable march

GEINERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

29

for the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, the former of
which commanded the Tennessee river, and the latter the
Curaberland. The gun-boats of Comraodore Foote, assisted
by Grant's army, corapelled Ihe surrender of Fort Henry on
February 6lh. Fort Donelson was only captured after a
severe engageraent on February 15th, in which the land
forces under Grant distinguished theraselves. The title of
" Unconditional Surrender Grant," which he bore through
out the war, dates from this event. His terms of capitula
tion to Ihe rebel General Butler being, " No other than an
unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted.
I propose to move immediately upon your works." The
capture of Ihis stronghold, and a very large portion of its
defenders, may be regarded .as the first substantial triumph
of the Federal arms. Grant became the hero of the day,
and Ihe admiralion of his martial skill vvas no less general
Ihan Ihe admiration for the terse and pointed raanner in
which he couched the terms cf capitulation. He was cora
missioned Major-Genenal of Volunteers for his great services
rendered in these engagements, the commission dating frora
February l6th, 1862, and in a very few days an army of
40,000 raen, vvhich had been sent up the Tennessee by
General Halleck, was placed under his coramand. The
memorable battle of Pittsburg Landing commenced at day
break on April 6lh, 1862, when Grant's army vvhich was
preparing for an attack on Corinth vvas itself surprised by an
overwhelming force under General A. S. Johnston and
routed from ils camp with heavy loss. Grant did not arrive
on Ihe field until 8 A. M., when he succeeded in re-forraing
the lines, and having been reinforced during the reraainder
of the day by General Buell, renewed the battle hiraself on
the following raorning, completely defeating the eneray at
every point and recovering the prisoners and stores which
had been lost on the previous day. In a few days he began
the siege of Corinth, to which the Confederate troops had
retreated after the battle, and in the latter part of May, 1862,
succeeded in driving them from that stronghold. By the
recall of Halleck lo Washington on July nth Grant became
commander of the Departraent of Tennessee, with his head
quarters at Corinth, and on September 17th he ordered an
advance from that place to intercept General Price, vvho
had concentrated a large force at luka. Here on Septem
ber 19th a hot battle was fought, and a complete victory for
the Federal arms gained. Grant pushed to the Ohio river
to obstruct General Bragg's force, leaving General Rose
crans in command of Corinth, vvhere he was attacked by
the Confederates, Price and Vandorn, and succeeded in re
pulsing thera with heavy loss. General Buell vvith a por
tion of Grant's comraand intercepted Brang at Perryville
October 8lh, and routed his cofnmand in a hot engagement,
and corapelled his retreat lo East Tennessee. The fall of
1S62 was devoted by Grant to efforts for the reduction of
Vicksburg, the Gibraltar of the Mississippi, which were un
successful. In Deceraber he moved his army down the
east side of the river, defeating in the ensuing April the

enemy in Ihe actions of Raymond, Jackson, Champion's
Hill and Big Black, and preventing the junction of the Con
federate Johnston's forces wilh those of Pemberton at Vicks
burg. On May i8th, 1863, he Laid siege to that city, and
on July 4th it fell into his hands, together vvith 27,000 pris
oners of war. For that strategic action he was promoted lo
the rank of Major-General in the regular army, and in the
succeeding October assuraed the command of the Military
Division of the Mississippi, which then comprised Ihe de
partments comraanded by Sherman, Thomas, Burnside and
Hooker. His reinforcement of Sherraan on the Big Black
river enabled that General to drive the Confederate forces
under Johnston out of Jackson, Mississippi. Chattanooga
being threatened by Bragg, Grant concentrated his forces
for its defence, carrying by assault the Confederate positions
on Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, respectively,
on November 24th and 25th. Upon the retreat of Bragg's
forces Grant sent relief to Burnside, then al Knoxville, which
was closely invested by Longstreet, vvho was quickly com
pelled to retreat. Congress in its session of 1863-64 passed
a resolution providing thai a gold raedal be struck for Gen
eral Grant in honor of his achievements, and returning
thanks to him and his army. New York and Ohio passed
similar measures. On March 1st, 1864, Congress revived
the grade of Lieutenant-General, and Presideni Lincoln at
once norainated General Grant for the position, the .Senate
confirraing Ihe noraination on the following day. On his
arrival in Washington March 9lh, 1864, Grant received his
commission from the Presideni, and on the I7lh issued his
first general order announcing that he had assumed com
mand of the arraies of the Uniled Slates, with his head
quarters in Ihe field, and until further orders wilh the Array
ofthe Potomac. This was Ihe first time during the Rebel
lion that one General commanded all the national troops;
and with nearly 700,000 men al his disposal. Grant planned
two carapaigns which were lo be directed simultaneously
against vital points ofthe Confederacy. One ofthese cam
paigns was to be under General Meade, wilh orders lo
operate against Richmond, then defended by Lee ; the other
lo be under General Sherraan, and to be directed against
Atlanta, defended by General Johnston. At midnight on
May 3d, 1864, the advance was made towards Richmond,
and Ihe array under Grant of 140,000 men pushed into the
Wilderness and comraenced that series of terrible engage
ments which are better known as the Seven Days' Fight.
Lee vvas apprised of this raoveraent on Ihe 41h, and boldly
taking the offensive tried to strike the Federal forces on
their raarch. The immediate result was a bloody battle,
which temporarily foiled Grant's attempt to interpose his
army between Lee and Richmond. He made a second ad
vance by the left fl.rnk, being again raet by Lee at Spottsyl
vania, and after a terrible struggle, which was only a partial
success, he repeated the movement and was again con
fronted by Lee on the North Anna river. A fourth advance
brought him before Ihe impregnable rifle-pits of Cold Harbor,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and after an unsuccessful assault on these, he once more
moved his army by the left flank, crossing the James river,
sending a despatch to the Government at Washington, " I
propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer."
His losses in the campaign from the Rapidan to the
James, covering the period from May 3d to June 15th,
amounted to 54,551 in killed, wounded and raissing, while
Lee's losses were about 32,000. When Grant made his
first advance towards Richmond, he announced that fact
by despatch to General Sherman, who then opened his cam
paign against Atlanta, and commenced his historic " March
to the Sea." Grant's flanking movements being foiled, with
Lee still in the open field before Richraond, with which he
had constant communication, the problem of the war in
Grant's estimation w.as narrowed dovvn to the siege of Peters
burg, which he now began. While this siege vvas in pro
gress there were other diversions of the campaign in Mary
land and Virginia, in which Sheridan figured prominently.
Johnston in Georgia was unable to check the advance of
Sherman, and his successor in command, General Hood,
was compelled to evacuate Atlanta and lost his army before
Nashville. The siege of Petersburg ended after the Federal
V Cory at Five Forks. In April, 1865, Richmond was
evacuated by the Confederates, and Lee retreated westward
toward Danville closely pressed by Grant, who finally cora
pelled his surrender at Appomattox Court House on April
9th, Sherman forcing Johnston's surrender only a few days
before. These unconditional surrenders of the only two
Confederate forces then organized in the field virtually
closed the war. On July 25th, 1866, Grant vvas comrais
sioned General of the United States Army, Congress having
created the rank for him. On August 12th, 1867, he acted
as Secretary of War ail interim, when President Johnson
suspended Secretary Stanton frora office, holding the posi
tion until Januaiy 14th, 1868, the Senate having refused to
sanction the reraoval of Mr. Stanton. President Johnson
desired Grant lo retain the office notwithstanding the action
of the Senate, but the General closed a tangled correspond
ence relating to the affair in a terse and very plain letier
announcing his refusal. The National Republican Con
vention on May 21st, 1868, at Chicago, raade, on the first
ballot, the unaniraous choice of General Grant as its norainee
for Presideni of Ihe Uniled Slates, selecting Schuyler Col
fax as his associate on the ticket. The result of the electoral
vole w.as as follows: Grant and Colfax, 214; Seymour and
Blair, 80. President Grant after his inaugural comraenced
lo carry out the policy of reconstruction of the lately rebel
lious Stales vvhich Congress bad mapped out. In 1871 he
urged Ihe annexation of Santo Domingo, and secured lo the
United Stales a lease of the Peninsula and Bay of Samana
for fifty years, but it being claimed that the treaties con
cerning Santo Domingo had not been confirmed by a popular
vote of ils people, President Grant, in conformity wilh a re
solution of Congress, appointed a commission lo visit Santo
Domingo and report upon the condition of the country,

government, and the people. Although their report was
favorable to annexation, the Senate refused to confirra Ihe
treaty. During 1872, the last year of his first term as Presi
dent, the Court of Arbitration, which, with the approval of
the English Government, had been appointed to decide the
Alabaraa claims, concluded their labors at Geneva on Sep
tember 14th, awarding the gross sum of ^(15, 500,000, to be
paid by the British Government to the United States for
damages to American commerce by Confederate cruisers
filled out in British ports. The treaty with Great Britain
providing for this international arbitration was negouiated
by the cabinet appointed by President Grant. The President
enforced the provisions of the 14th amendment to the Con
stitution, and on October 17th, 187 1, suspended the writ of
habeas corpus in the northern counties of South Carolina,
which had been the scene of what are called the Ku-klux
outrages. In the same year he appointed a Commission on
Civil Service Reform, which devised a plan for ren.dering
the civil service of the Government more efficient ; this, after
trial, has been abandoned. On June 5lh, 1872, the Nadonal
Republican Convention, at Philadelphia, renominated Presi
dent Grant by acclamation, Henry Wilson, of Massachu
setts, being selected as nominee for Vice-President. Horace
Greeley and B. Gratz Brown were the candidates of the
Liberal Republicans and Democrats. The result of the
election vvas a. popular majority for Grant of 762,991 over
Greeley. The Forty-second Congress doubled the President's
salary, making it ^50,000 per annum, increasing Ihe salaries
of Ihe Vice-President, .Speaker of the House, Justices ofthe
Suprerae Court and Hearls cf Departraents 25 per cent.

^PRINGER, GEORGE ATWELL, Real Estate
Dealer and Operator, was born. May 15th, 1815,
in Hallowell, Kennebeck county, Maine. He is
a son of the lale Moses Springer, a captain in the
merchant service, who in the year 1799 lost a
vessel, captured from him by the French authori
ties off Ihe West Indies ; he himself was taken prisoner and
discharged. The heirs are at present endeavoring by legal
process to recover this claim from the United Slates Gov
ernment, wilh whom the French Government long ago
made a settlement for it, as Ihere was no rightful pretext
for ils seizure. The sou attended school in his native town
until he was eighteen years old, when he went into his
brother's store at Gardiner, in the same Slate, and remained
there three years. In 1836 he sailed for the Bermuda islands,
vvhere his brother's vessels were constantly plying, and be
carae a clerk in a store there ; bul returned lo the Uniled
States the following year, and found employment in a dry-
goods store in Nevv York city. In Ihe autumn of 1838 he
vventio Boone county, Kentucky, where he became a school
teacher. He next repaired to St. Louis, where he entered
into partnership vvith Nathan Starnes in the wholesale and

¦ ^^. Co. FkOad,^^^-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

31

retail grocery business, in which they continued until 1845,
when they purchased a steamboat and engaged in the Ohio
river and lower Mississippi trade, carrying both freight and
passengers. In 1848 he went to Chicago and becarae in
terested in the real estate business, although the partner
ship wilh Mr. Starnes was not dissolved for some time there
after. When, however, that event occurred, he associated
himself wilh Colonel Josiah L. James in the real estate busi
ness, a connection vvhich continued for a long period, and
he is still engaged in the same calling. He has been thrice
married. His present wife, to whom he vvas united in May,
1857, was Carrie C. Pierce, of Watertown, Wisconsin, tie
has seen Chicago grow from a city of 20,000 to ils present
noble proportions.

ff OULTER, JOHN RAYER, Banker and Railrcad
Constructor, was born, Deceraber 7th, 1825, in
Kii.kimetas, Arraslrong county, Pennsylvtvnia,
where he lived until he attained his majority.
His parents were in humble circumstances, and
could do no better by their son than teach hira a
trade and give him but a rudimentary education, such as
could be imparted by the inefficient school system then ex
isting. His father was a stonecutter, and instructed his son
in Ihe same hard but honest calling. The latter, however,
was not satisfied vvith the limited knowledge he had ob
tained at school, but applied his spare raoments to diligent
study, reading much, and remembering eveiything, until his
mind becarae stored v\'ilh practical and useful inforraation.
This habit of acquiring knowledge followed him through
life, and by Ihe lime he had grown to manhood his attain
ments were far above the average, and such as any college
graduate might well envy. Being of an active, restless tem
perament, he went to the West as soon as the restraints of
parental authority were removed, and entered into partner-
-ship with his brother at Charlotte, Michigan. This firm
becarae extensively engaged in railroad building, and,
among other contracts, they constructed an important section
of the Michigan Central line. When the contracts for
building the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad were
being lei, John Coulter went to Illinois and secured the
responsible position of Superintendent of Construction on
that line, and it was under his direction that most of the
depots and important bridges along the raain line were built.
His last important work for that corapany was in erecting
the raagnificent bridge across the Mississippi, at Burlington,
Iowa. Soon after the completion of this great vvork he
quilted Ihe eraploy of the company, and in connection wilh
W. W. Bishop started a private banking house in Aurora.
This was in 1869, he having previously been a resident of
Princeton, Illinois. The banking business was found to be
both profitable and agreeable, as every one had full confi
dence in his own and his partner's integrity, and Ihe busi
ness community were not slow about intrusting their financial

affairs to the new banking house. In 1 870 the b,ank was
reorganized under the National Banking lavv, and it is now
known as the " Union National Bank of Aurora." He w£is
made Presideni ofthe institution, and retained ihat position
until his death. During his residence in Aurora he became
widely known for his unostentatious works of charily and
his untiring labors in behalf of his less fortunate neighbors.
It was a, peculiarity of his nature never to subscribe his
name for any donation lo churches or chfiritable purposes,
but his gifts were always liberal and timely. In 1855 him
self and Mr. Innis purchased a considerable tract of land,
upon which a large portion of the city of Aurora novv stands,
and laid it out in town lots, which proved to be a profitable
speculation. Lots were sold at very reasonable rales, yet
at an advance above prime cost. The poorer classes were
allowed very accomraodating terms; and many a man of
limited means has since realized a handsome .araount from
investments that he was encouraged lo make in this prop
erly. John R. Coulter possessed rare qualifications for any
responsible position, and il was a knov\dedge of this fact Ihat
induced his friends and neighbors to solicit his acceptance
of different positions of honor and trust ; but to Ihe detri
ment and regret of the whole community he persistently
refused. He was ever industrious, as well as far seeing,
and at the lime of his death, Ihough he had scarcely reached
the prime of life, had accuraulated a large fortune. He
was married in 1856 to Lucy Miner, of Princeton, Illinois;
and his death occurred May 20lh, 1873. He was buried in
Spring I^ake Cemetery, Aurora, under the auspices of the
Masonic fraternity, of which he had been a prominent mem
ber. His estimable widow devoted a liberal sum of the
princely fortune bequeathed her to the erection of a beau
tiful monument to his memory. Its cost was ^Sooo.

Af3
G^I^^ROESEECK, ABRAM, M. D., Physician, was
born. May 24th, iSlo, in the city of Albany, New
York State, where his father was engaged in the
\'}.\rn avocation of tanning. When eleven years of age
^ 5^ he commenced attending Ihe Albany Academy,
where he remained five years and acquired a
good education, including Ihe classics and the French
language. lie also at this early age entered the office of
Dr. Jonathan Eights, vvhere he reraained ten years. He
was in boyhood and youth an unusually apt and thorough
scholar. After leaving school, at the age of sixteen, he fol
lowed the study of medicine exclusively. In 1831 he at
tended the Barclay Medical College, New York ; and on
May 27lh of that year vvas licensed by the New York Slate
Medical Society. He subsequently entered into partnership
wilh Dr. Eights, and vvas associated with him for five years.
During this period he was chosen one of the ward physicians
of the city for two years ; and vvhile filling this po.sition he
attended in 1832 the first case of Asiatic cholera which

32

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

ever occurred in Albany, and had charge of the Cholera
Hospital during that memorably terrible season. After
wards he was appointed Physician at the Albany Aims-
House, where he continued for three years. He was steadily
engaged in the practice of his profession in his native city
for eighteen years. He received the degree of M. D. frora
the Albany Medical College January 23d, 1849. Later in
Ihe sarae year he reraoved to Kenosha, Wisconsin; vvhere
he purchased a large farm and resolved to become an agri
culturist ; bul finding it likely to prove a very expensive ex
periraent he abandoned it and returned to his profession,
vvhich he practised for seven years in that tovvn. In 1856
he went to Chicago, where he at once entered upon pro
fessional duties, and vvhere he has since remained, witnessing
during that lime much of the marvellous growth of the city.
He was married October 23lh, 1840, to Mary L. Williams,
of Albany, New York.

jf'OLE, DAVID, Builder, vvas born, July 28th, 1819,
in Malta, Saratoga county, New York, where his
father followed the occupation of farming. He
enjoyed but limited advantages for obtaining an
education, and at an early age commenced learn
ing the trade of a carpenter and mason. In 1841
he removed to Syracuse, New York, where he was occupied
fi)r about fifteen years in building on his own account, and
during this period constructed a portion ofthe Salt Worlcs,
the Park Church, and several business blocks. He then
proceeded West, and during the following sixteen years
filled various railroad contracts on the lines of the Michigan
Southern, the Cincinnati and Marietta, the Illinois Central,
and other roads in Indiana and Wisconsin, residing where-
ever his work rendered it necessaiy. At the outbreak of
the Rebellion he was engaged in constructing the South
western branch of the Pacific Railroad, near Waynesville,
Missouri, where he was attacked by the rebels, who cap
tured his implements and drove away his laborers. He
next became interested in shipping ice lo St. Louis, and
after pursuing this business for a few raonths reraoved lo
Chicago in 1863, where he resuraed his former avocation
as builder of houses, vvhich he subsequently disposed of
In 1867, after constructing the " Cole Block," he ceased
his building operations and entered into a regular real estate
business, which prospered so well that it eventually became
the heaviest of the kind on the western side of Ihe city.
In connection wilh S. S. Hiiyes he was the originator of
the West-Side Park, and for several years was Commissioner
for this chain of parks. He was likewise instrumental in
procuring for the residents of the West-Side the convenience
of a branch post-office ; and was ever interested in de
vising and executing improvements for Ihat portion of the
city. In 1869 he associated his son, Charies D., in partner
ship, and two years thereafter his son-in-law, Mr. Newall.
In June, 1874, he retired from the business, at which time

another son-in-law, Mr. Mosher, entered the firm, the sur
viving members of which still conduct Ihe business which
he had established. He passed the suraraer of 1874 in the
Eastern States, and was preparing to go to the South in the
following winter when he was attacked wilh typhoid pneu-
raonia and survived only nine days. It is thought that while
in fulfilment of his duties as Park Commissioner he incurred
the exposure which brought on the fatal attack. In the re
port of the proceedings of the West-Side Park Commis
sioners, transmitted to his family on the occasion of their
bereavement, his former associates testified Iheir high ap
preciation of his ability and moral worlh. He was married
November 2d, 1842, to Cornelia A. Gardner, of Syracuse,
New York. He died January 9th, 1875, leaving a large
circle of kindred to raourn his loss, and the public at large
had occasion to regret the decease of its friend, and of an
energetic and useful citizen.

ELSENTHAL, REV. BERNHARD, Ph. D.,
Jewish Rabbi, was born, January 2d, 1822, in
Miinchweiler, Bavaria, and is a son of Simon
Felsenthal, an agriculturist of that place. He
gained his preliminaiy education in the schools
of his native town, and afterwards in his fourteenth
year went to Kaiserslautern, vvhere he pursued his studies
in the college for three years. At the expiration of this
period he repaired to Munich, where he passed two years
in completing his education under the rare advantages
afforded by its renowned university. After graduating there
he became pastor of a Jewish congregation at Sleinbach, in
Bavaria. Having brothers in America he was led in 1854
lo visit the United Stales. After passing a short tirae wilh
a brother settled in Louisville, Kentucky, he becarae dur
ing the sarae year pastor of a congregation in Madison,
Indiana. In May, 1858, he removed to Chicago, where he
has since remained, and where he has won a high reputa
tion for his ability and learning. A short time after his
arrival in that city the Sina congregation was formed, of
which he became the minister, and remained as such for
six years. In 1864 the Zion congregation was fornied, and
he becarae their pastor, and for over ten years past has offi
ciated as their religious teacher. In 1868 he published
"A Practical Grammar of the Hebrew Language." He has
also printed at various times several pamphlets in Gerinan.
Among these may be mentioned jfudisches Schuhocsen in
Amerika, or " The Proper Construction of Jewish Sabbath-
schools ; " and Kritik des Christlichen Missicns'itiesens , a.
" Criticism on Christian Missionary Efforts among ihe
Jews;" also a pamphlet on the "Reforms Desirable in
Judaism." In January, 1872, he was invited to deliver a
lecture in English in Standard Hall, before a public audi
ence, on "The Wandering Jew," which was subsequently
published in pamphlet form. He has on several occasions

'^"^-y J„i a. j^uJ-^d^lf^

e^

^/ryi^'^^d^n^^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

33

preached sermons to his people in English, which have
been reported in the city press. He is an advocate of the
modern or reformed school of Judaism, and is acknowl
edged to be a man of great learning, and a leading thinker
and teacher araong the Israelites of the Northwest. He
was raarried, in 1862, to Henrietta Blumenfeld, of Chicago.

;ILL, THOMAS EDIE, Teacher, Journalist, and
Author, was born, February 29lh, 1832, in Sand-
gate, Bennington county, Vermont; and is the
second son of David and Elizabeth (Edie) Plill
of Ihat town. His father was of Scotch-Irish
extraction, noted during his younger days as an
athlete, .and in his riper years for his great physical endur
ance and rapidity of executing the various labors devolving
on hira in Ihe maUiagement of Ihe farm. His mother was
, of Scotch parentage, and known among her acquaintances
as possessing artistic taste, untiring industry, and all those
graces of raind and body which characterize the true model
wife and mother. Thomas inherited frora this parentage
the peculiarities of raind and character which have dis
tinguished him in later years. His childhood, and until
he was nine years of age, was mainly passed in the home
of his maternal grandparents, in East Salera, New York,
during which lime he attended Ihe district school at Eagle-
ville, in that township, where he learned lo read and write.
He was thereafter transferred to his parents' home in Sand-
gate, and labored on the farm, attending the neighboring
schools in the winter, and occupying his leisure hours in
reading everything attainable in that isolated region. After
finishing his manual labor and the task allotted to him by
his father, he hastened lo the perusal and study of his
beloved books. When sixteen years old, he was allowed
lo leave the farm, for the purpose of studying al better
schools than those to be found in the vicinity, and during
the three succeeding years attended various private semi
naries aud the academy in Cambridge, New York ; taking
the greatest delight in all studies of a philosophical and
scientific character, and paying particular attention to
phrenology, which enabled him to read character frora the
contour and configurations of a living head. He com
menced to leach at Ihe age of nineteen, in Londonderry,
Vermont, t.aking a public school during Ihe winter raonlhs,
and vvas so successful that the directors desired to engage
him the following season at a largely increased stipend.
But he chose to repair to Boston to qualify himself as a
teacher of penmanship, and, there he continued for fifteen
years; giving inslruclion, during that period, to over fifteen
thousand individuals, many of whom became, in their turn,
succe-ssful teachers of the art. His classes, which were chiefly
conducted in academies, seminaries, and commercial col
leges, were regarded as araong the raost successful, as they
certainly were the best attended of any of the kind ever
5

taught in the counlry. During these years he manifested
those original trails of character which has raade his name
conspicuous in later times; as his method of teaching em
braced a wide range of business inslruclion and correspond
ence, differing altogether from that course usually pursued
by teachers. His published works on writing are quite
numerous, though of liraited circulation, being confined
principally to the range of his own schools. United in
marriage with Rebekah J. Pierce, at Londonderry, Ver
mont, he soon afterwards, accomp.anied by her, went West
and settled al Waukegan, Illinois, in 1854, where he re
sided for twelve years, after which time he removed lo
Aurora, and in 1866 esl<ablished the Aurora Herald, vvhich
under his administration proved a signal success frora its
very commencement, and is to day one of the leading jour
nals of the Fox River Valley. Having at last acqTiired a
corapetency which allowed hira to carry out the great
iilerary undertaking he had in view, he retired frora
editorial life, after three years' connection wilh it, and
comraenced the compilation of his work, entitled, Hill's
Mamial of Social and Business Forins^ which only one of
his peculiar talent, education, and practical experience could
prepare. As an evidence of ils value, it may be staled,
that it is a high-priced volurae, and without any previous
advertising, bul relying solely on its ovvn merits, over
20,000 copies were disposed of within a year of its publica
tion. Its sale, instead of diminishing, is constantly in
creasing, wilh a fair prospect that the work, at least in its
influence, will ultimately reach nearly every household in
English-speaking lands. Being possessed of a versatile
and superior business capacity, and also of literaiy talent,
he at present is engaged vvith his publishers in aiding the
sale of his work through subscription agencies ; being at
the same lime occupied in the preparation of other works,
vvhich will be given to the world as soon as the relaxation
from those duties at present devolving on him will afford
him the opportunity.

ORRISON, ISAAC L., Lawyer, was born, Januaiy
20lh, 1826, in Barnes county, Kentucky. By the
death of his father the care and maintenance of
his mother and sisters devolved upon him, at the
early age of fifteen years. For five years, wilh
unyielding energy he labored for the welfare of
Ihis household; and in this lime accomplished so much,
Ihat in his twentieth year he felt himself at liberty lo enter
the Masonic .Seminary, at Lagrange, Kentucky, and for
two years pursued ils studies. In the sprirg of 1848 he
commenced lo read law wilh A. M. Gaylay, and under
Ihis gentleman's careful guidance, and through his own
individual persistence in study, he p.assed a highly success
ful examination in September, 1849, ^""^ "'^^ admitted to
the Bar of Kentucky. He removed to Jacksonville, Illi
nois, early in 1851, where he has since lived and devoted

34

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

himself lo the practice ofthe profession of the law. From
the date of ils organizalion, he has been a meraber of the
Republican party, and was a delegate to the convention
which first drafted and promulgated the doctrines of that
party in Illinois. He was in the Convention at Baltimore,
in 1864, which renominated Abraham Lincoln for Ihe
Presidency. Though born and bred in Kentucky, he was
alvvays an emancipationist, and never hesitates to oppose the
pro-slavery arguments of his friends and neighbors. He is
now in the exercise of a very large and highly remunerative
practice, and is one of the leading lawyers of Central
Illinois. He has a profound knowledge of civil law, and
has been prominently identified with many of the more
important cases which, during Ihe past fifteen years, have
come up for adjudication in that section. He is a skilful
cross-examiner, and is clear and forcible in argument. A
citizen of rauch public spirit, he takes a deep interest in
all questions of local iraproveraent. He was married in
July, 1853, lo Mrs. Anna R. Rapelgie, eldest daughter of
Jonathan Tucker, late of New York, and has a daughter
and son.

'DWARDS, ALANSON WILLIAM, Secretaiy
and Manager of the Protection Life Insurance
Company, of Chicago, vvas born in Lorain county,
Ohio, of American parentage, on August 27th,
1840. His paternal grandparents belonged to
Connecticut ; those on Ihe raaternal side were
from Scotland. He received his education al McKendree
College, Lebanon, Illinois, and started in life as a Railroad
Express Agent, and subsequently becarae a Telegraph
Operator. He published a Deraocratic newspaper until
the breaking out of the war in i86l, and was elected
Surveyor in Macoupin county, Illinois, on the Democratic
ticket. His patriotism would not allow him to stand by
while the deadly struggle for the preservation of the Union
vvas convulsing Ihe country, so he enlisted as a private
soldier in the I22d Illinois Regiment, in which capacity
he served two years. Rising step by step in the service,- —
Lieutenant, Captain, and then Adjutant-General on the
staffs of Generals Vandevenler, Corse, Smith, .and others
during the Vicksburg and Atlanta carapaigns in 1863, he
was also with Sherman in his march to Ihe sea; and finally
was mustered out at Washington, District of Columbia, in
November, 1864, as a Major of Volunteers, having been a
participator in the grand review at Washington after the
cessation of hostilities. He then returned to Macoupin
county, Illinois, and in January, 1865, commenced Ihe
publication of the Unio7i Gazette, at Bunker's Hill, which
he sold out in 1867 and secured a half interest in the
Carl'inville Democrat, a Republican organ. In 1872 he
was appointed Warden of the Illinois Stale Penitenliaiy,
and performed the arduous task of reorganizing Ihe prison,
establishing a management so successful that he was

enabled to make the first report to the Legislalure in the
history of the State without requiring to ask an appropria
tion on behalf of that institution. In 1874 he v\'as called
to the position of Secretaiy and Manager of the Protection
Life Insurance Company, of Chicago, for the duties of
which office his rare financial and executive powers emi
nently fit him. The energy and business aptitude he dis
played in raising the Illinois .Slate Penitentiary from a
dependent to the self-supporting basis in which he left il,
proves his ability to adrainister the affairs of corporations.
where heavy interests are at stake; and his corapany fully
appreciate and realize the benefit of his experience ancl
qualifications. He is still a young raan, and of remarkable
physical as well as mental powers, and it is safe to predict
for him a brilliant future from the success he has already
achieved as soldier, journalist, public officer, and financier.

"ALHOUN, JOHN B., Railway Land Commis
sioner, was born, Januaiy, 1822, in Cornwall,
Litchfield county, Connecticut, where he also
was educated. In 1846 he removed to Bridge
port, in the same State, and entered Ihe General
Office of the Housatonic Railroad Corapany, in
which service he remained six years. He subsequently
migrated to Chicago, where he received the appointment
of Local Treasurer of the Illinois Central Railroad Com
pany, and in i860 was transferred to the Land Depart
ment of that corporation. In 1866 he was promoted lo
Ihe charge of that department, as Commissioner, and held
that position until 1 871, by which time nearly all the lands
under his supervision were disposed of He was then ap
pointed to a sirailar official station in Iowa, being named
as Land Coraraissioner of the Iowa Railroad Land Com
pany, coraprising territoiy on the lines of the Chicago &
Northwestern Railway, the .Sioux City & Pacific Railroad,
and the Dubuque & Sioux City branch of the Illinois Cen
tral Railway, which position he still retains. He was
married, in 1850, to Frances Thompson, of Bridgeport,
Connecticut.

^ULLER, MELVILLE W., Lawyer, was born in
Augusta, Maine, February nth, 1833, and re
ceived his collegiate education at Bovi'doin, from
which institution he graduated in 1853. He
pursued the study of law wilh his uncle, George
Melville Weston, at Bangor; and likev\dse at
tended lectures in the Law Department of Harvard Uni
versity. In 1855 he commenced the practice of his pro
fession in his native city, but devoted himself chiefly lo
editorial duties upon The Age, He was elected, during
the following year, a member of Ihe Common Council of
Augusta, of which body he was chosen President ; and to

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

this official position was added that of City Solicitor.
These honors proved insufficient to attach hira to the city
of his birth, for the West presented to him temptations, as
it did to mosi young men of New England, and lo these he
yielded ; he resigned his official positions and removed to
Chicago. In this new field he at once attracted most favor
able attention. He commenced a successful course in his
profession, and soon established a reputation as an able
lawyer. Predisposed lo political life, which then excited
the ambition of an honorable man more than, it does at the
present day, he look an active part in the Presidential
campaign of 1856, giving his support to the Democratic
candidate ; but although he exercised a large influence
upon the public, he was no seeker for official station.
In i86l he was induced to accept a nomination for Dele-
gale lo a Convention lo form a new Stale Constitution.
John Wentworth was his colleague, and they vvere both
elected. In the following year he w.rs elected a Representa
tive to the Legislalure from Ihe Sixty-first District. Al
though nominations for other offices have been repeatedly
tendered him, he has steadily refused acceptance. He
was, however, a Delegate to the National Deraocratic Con
ventions of 1864 and 1872, and has frequently represented
his party in State Conventions. In the Constitutional Con
vention of 1861 he took high rank araong older raen, and
left the impress of his views in the instruraent adopted.
The Legislature of 1863 sat during the war, and vvas one
of the raost noted assemblages in the histoiy of Illinois.
In it he became Ihe leader of his party, which was in the
majority in the lower House, and he raaintained the posi
tion wilh great credit to himself Araong the nuraerous
public addresses which he has delivered, one of welcorae to
Senator Douglas, al Michigan City, in i860, and another
in commemoration of the death of that distinguished states
raan, in 1861, attracted much attention throughout Ihe
entire country. He has devoted his best energies to his
profession, and, in this field, has won marked distinction.
On his arrival in Chicago, in 1856, he entered upon a suc
cessful career, and very soon took rank ainong the leading
members of the Bar in that city. In 1863 he was notably
connected with Ihe cases in Ihe Supreme Court of Illinois,
arising out of the prorogation of the Legislalure by the
late Governor Yates, which presented sorae of the most
important public questions of a pohtical nature. In 1869
he assumed the defence of Rev. Charles Edw.ard Cheney,
who was tried before an ecclesiastical tribunal at the in
stance of his Diocesan, Ihe late Bishop Whitehouse, for
his having omitted the word "regenerate" from the office
of Infant Baptism. The litigation, thus commenced, con
tinued in some form until a recent dale, and at .all stages
Counsellor Fuller exhibited a profound research and
knowledge of ecclesiastical law, rarely acquired by any
man. His argument before the Supreme Court, in January,
1870, in one of these cases was one of the raost brilliant
ever delivered in the State; In Ihis connection, it may- be

staled Ihat the defendant is now the leading Bishop in the
Reformed Episcopal Church, which organizalion owes ils
existence largely to the prosecution thus instituted. The
range of his practice has been very extended; and in all
the departments of his profession he has shown himself a
master. While yet a student in college, he proved himself
a poet of no mean character ; and during succeeding years,
he has exhibited a familiarity with all the branches of polite
literature, rarely attained by one so much occupied in the
acdve pu'-suits of life. His public speeches and legal
arguments are eloquent, and illustrated by references lo
classical and modern literature, which seldom fail to con
vince, and are always pleasing. He is now in the prime
of life and on the full tide of success. His future can
scarcely be predicted ; but it is safe to assume that wilh
his brilliant imagination, convincing logic, and nervous
force, he will attract attention as one of the prominent men
of Illinois. He was raarried, in 1858, to Calisia O. Rey
nolds ; and after her decease, he was uniled, in 1866, lo
Mary Ellen, daughter of Hon. William F. Coolbaugli; and
he counts seven children around his hearthstone.

ALMER, HON. FRANK W., Editor-in-chief of
the Chicago Inter-Ocean, was born, October illh,
1827, in Manchester, Dearborn county, Indiana.
During the ensuing year his father's family re
moved to Chautauqua county, New York, where
his childhood and the early portion of his raan
hood were passed. When fourteen years old he was ap
prenticed to learn the printer's trade in the jfamestoion
Journal office. At the expiration of his three years' terra
of service, he proceeded to New York city, and engaged
as a journeyman compositor in the establishment of J. &
E. Winchester, publishers of the AVto World, He then
returned lo Jamestown and becarae foreman of ihe Journal
office, and in June, 1848, was associated with F. P. Bailey
as joint owner and editor of that paper. Holding pro
nounced opinions, and expressing ihem forcibly in his
editorial colurans, he soon found his political influence
widening, which fact was attested by his election and
re-election to the Slate Legislature in 1853 and 1854. In
1858 he reraoved to Iowa, and became the editor and part
owner of the Dubuque Times. He remained in that ciiy
scarcely two years, but in that period raised the paper from
obscuriiy to a position of rank and dignity, wielding an
influence throughout the Slate. In the winter of i860 he
vvas elected Slate Printer of Iowa, and was re-elected in
1862, 1864, and 1866. In 1861 he removed lo Des Moines,
Ihe capilal, where, having purchased the Register, then as
now the foremost journal of the Stale, it becarae under his
manageraent a strong leader of public opinion. On all
the momentous questions brought to the surface by the
Rebellion, the Register was pronounced and outspoken;

36

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and in the contest which involved Ihe nation's life, " con
servatism " appeared to ils editor to be synonymous with
cowardice, a:nd he stood in Ihe front rank of the radicals.
The war measure best calculated to crush ihe enemy re
ceived his most ardent support; and the platform which
pledged the Republican party raost firmly to the doctrine
of the equal rights of man met vvith enthusiastic favo:.
Pie urged and sustained wilh all his force and ability the
Emancipation Proclamation, proposed and battled for
Negro Suffrage, while timid leaders hesitated. Although
at first the paper lost many subscribers by this course,
neither the cowardice of friends nor the desertion of
patrons served to shake his purpose. He supported every
radical measure of President Lincoln's administration, and
when the great Chief was stricken down by the assassin's
hand, he was selected by his fellow-citizens al the Slate
Capital to commemorate Ihe terrible event in a. public
address. It was an elaborate effort, and comprised a
succinct review of the great acts of that adrainistration, a
clear analysis of the late President's character, a touch
ing delineation of the broad charity and abounding
generosity which characterized his rule. At that period
of his editorial career, he exhibited great power as a
writer; and vvith remarkable foresight expressed his
uoubls as to the true character of the man upon whora
the Presidential mantle had fallen. And when, at a
later date. President Johnson's so-called "policy" vvas
revealed, and his antagonism to the party which had
placed him in power vvas raade raanifest, Mr. Palmer
promptly denounced hira as a recreant; and though the
former was censured by sorae of his party, yet lime and
Ihe course of events proved hira to be right. In 1868 Mr.
Palmer was nominated by acclamation as the Republican
candidate for Congress frora the Fifth District, and was
elected by 7007 raajority. On taking his seat he was made
a member of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad; also
a member of the Select Coraraittee on Postal Telegraph
Lines ; and of the Joint Coraraittee on the Library. The
duties falling upon him in connection vvith these commit
tees he performed industriously and wilh rare fidelity to
the interests of the public, never permitting any private in
terest, hovvever great, to overshadow the yet greater. In
the House he early took and held a high rank as a con
scientious, pains-taking legislator. He had little confidence
in the good faith of the South in the acceptance of the
terms of reconstruction, preparatory to the readmission of
the rebellious States to the Union ; and stood alraost
alone, even in his own parly, in opposition to the bills for
the readmission, January, 1870, of Texas, Mississippi, fr.l
Virginia, against vvhich he delivered a telling speecn.
Although attacked- vvith questions on all sides, he mel
Ihem with prompt ingenuity, and established hiraself, in
the opinion of the House, as an able and skilful de
bater, on the strength of a single effort. On the final
reading of the bill, he, wilh Hon. George F. Hoar, of

Massachusetts, alone of all the Republicans, voted in
the, negative. Before the close of his second term in Con
gress, having been re-elected by a majority of 7282 votes,
he vvas solicited to resume his editorial labors in a wider
field. The Chicago Inter- Ocean required, to direct ils
course, a man of acknowledged high character, of un
sullied reputation, of experience in editorial life, and of
executive ability, suited to the prosecution of great enter
prises. It was believed that he combined all these qualifi
cations in a remarkable degree ; and Ihe rapid growth in
circulation and influence of the Inter-Ocean since the
change in its raanageraent warrants the conclusion that his
selection as Editor-in-chief was a stroke of policy on the
part of the stockholders. He retired frora Congress March
3d, 1873, his course approved by ihe people of his district,
and of the Stale, wilh no stain of dishonor on his name, or
upon his official record as a representative. In 1866 he
disposed of his interest in the Register, but was retained as
Editor-in-chief by the new proprietors, and so continued
until his nomination for Congress, in 1868. When he
assumed the manageraent of the Inter-Ocean, he found it a
strong paper, but he has made it stronger in all ils depart
ments. It vvas then an awkward folio, and he transformed
it into a broad-columned quarto ; iraperfect in some of ils
departments, he strengthened the weak places, and made
of it a symmetrical whole, " a brief chronicle of the lime."
He is very solicilous that the journal under his control
shall be chargeable vvith no inconsistencies, no injustice to
individuals, no outrage upon society, and that it shall not
declare Ihat to-day, which it may be called upon to unsay
to-morrow. He joins lo the onerous duty of Edilor-in-
chief that also of Managing Editor, with its exacting de
mands lo a multiplicity of details. He is a man of great
moral courage; and what he believes to be right, he dares
lo advocate and defend. As a speaker he is concise in
statement, clear and forcible in argument, and impassioned
when roused lo the discussion of questions affecting human
rights. As a v\'riter, he is vigorous, direct, and logical.
Indulging neither in extended introduction nor ornate per
oration, he proceeds directly to the marrow of his subject,
rendering his position irapregnable by a syllogism, or forc
ing conviction by that style of vigorous statement which,
instinct wilh Ihe unalterable faith of the writer, compels
belief in the soundness of his proposition. His social
qualities are of a high order; a keen observer, familiar
wilh the best society, and associated all his life with
public men of the first note, he possesses a great fund
of information and anecdote vvhich rare conversational
powers enable him to devote to the entertainment of the
social circle. His don.eslic relations are of the most
happy character; his wife is a woman of culture and
refinement, adorning his home with all the graces of true
womanhood, and presiding over the hou.sehold wilh that
repose of manner vvhich constitutes Ihe indefinable, in
expressible charm of the privacy of the family circle.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

37

^ILLIARD, LAWRIN PALMER, President of the
Protection Life Insurance Company of Chicago,
was born in the town of Plainfield, Otsego county.
New York, on October nth, 1814. Shortly after
attaining his ra.ijorily, he carae West, settling in
Chicago, when it was but a priraitive village, and
the water consuraed by the inhabitants was drawn frora the
lake in casks, for distribution as required. He was first
engaged in retail, then in wholesale raerchandising, until
1848, when he coramenced business on a large scale in the
general lumber trade, and at present is interested in the
extensive concern of Hilliard, Churchill & Co., manufac
turers of lumber, lath, and tiraber, at Alpena, Michigan.
The Protection Life Insurance Company was instituted in
1870, and he filled the office of Vice-President until two
years ago, when, on the retirement of Mr. Skinner, he be
came its Pre.sident, and his high-standing and experience
have contributed in no small degree to bring the instilulion
to the firm and prorhinent position it now holds among
Western life insurance companies. He h<as been closely
identified with the interests of the city in every step of its
remarkable progress, stands in Ihe foremost rank of its solid
capitalists and financiers, and holds no secondary position
for moral worth.

[RAZEE, CHRISTOPHER M., Lawyer and Sol
dier, was born, March loth, 1832, in Lockport,
Niagara county, New York, and is the youngest
son of Andrew and Sarah (Washburn) Braxee.
Both of his parents died while he was quite
young, his father having been a farmer in moder
ate circumstances. His education was obtained largely in
the common schools, yet he vvas so proficient as to become
himself a teacher in the schools of his neighborhood. He
subsequently attended the Wilson CoUegiate Institute in
Niagara county, and gi-aduated in 1854. He then cora
menced to study law with his brother, Andrew W. Brazee,
who is now United Stales Judge in Colorado Territoiy.
He continued with him until 1856, vvhen he went West,
and was for two years employed in the engineer corps raak
ing Governraent surveys in Iowa and Minnesota. In 1858
he located at Rockford, Illinois, and at once resuraed the
study of law vvith Miller & Taylor, and was adraitted lo
the bar in Deceraber, 1859. In the spring of i860 he was
elected City Attorney, and commenced a successful practice.
When the war broke out, in 1861, he becarae an ardent
supporter of the Union, and Ihe following year assisted in
raising a corapany of volunteers for three years' service, of
which he was elected First Lieutenant, and his company
was mustered into service August 17th, as Company C,
Seventy-fourth Regiment Illinois Infantry, and immediately
ordered lo the front. In December, 1862, he vvas detailed,
and placed in coramand of a company in the Pioneer
Brigade of the Army of the Cumberland, where he per

formed much active and v.aluable service. In February,
1863, he was promoted, and received a Captain's commis
sion, and was assigned lo duty on General Rosecrans' staff,
.as Assistant Quartermaster of the Army of the Cumberland,
which posidon he retained until Januaiy, 1864, vvhen ill
health corapelled his return home. While in the service,
he participated in Ihe battles of Champlin Hills, Stone
River, and Chickamauga, anfl several others of minor im
portance,' performing signally good service, and left an hon
orable miliiary record. As soon as his health permitted,
after his return, he resumed the practice of his professioiiT
w.as reappointed City Allorney, and has held that office to
the present lime. He is no politician or office-seeker, in
the common acceptation of those' terms, bul has ever taken
a deep interest in the success of the political principles in
which he was reared, and lo which he has constantly ad
hered — first as an old-line Whig, and subsequently a loyal
Republican. His influence has ever been freely used for
the benefit of the community, and he has carj^d out Ihe
wishes of the people he represented, when chosen as a dele
gate lo numerous county and State conventions. He is yet
comparatively young, of robust, commanding appearance,
enjoying his hereditary vigor, Ihat promises years of active
usefulness. He gives to his profession his full lime and at
tention, and his energy and enterprise have achieved for
him a marked success, and a leading position in his profes
sion. He vvas married, 1861, to Lydia L. Holmes, of
Niagara county, New York, and has three daughters.

"M^rOWN, MORRIS CLINTON, Merchant and
Banker, was born, February 7lh, 1818, in Gran
ville, Washington county. New York, and is a
son of Besler and Betsey (Martin) Town. His
father vvas a raerchant, farmer, and manufacturer,
and an active raan of considerable importance in
his time. About 1824 his parents removed to Erie county,
Pennsylvania, where he was educated. When sixteen years
of age, he left school and entered his father's store as clerk,
and in 1840 became a partner in the business. He re
mained such until 1846, vvhen he removed to Chicago, and
opened a drygoods and grocery store, which he carried on
very successfully for eighteen months. Having previously
purchased a stock of goods in Elgin, he disposed of his
business in Chicago, and removed lo that town in 1847. He
reraained there for two years and a half, at the expiration
of which time he disposed of his slock, and opened a bank
ing office, which was the first in Elgin. This was in 1851,
and the next year a State charter was obtained, and it be
came known as the " Bank of Elgin," of which he was the
Presideni, and it was the first bank in Kane county organ
ized under the State Banking Lavv. In 1858 Ihe business
was closed up, and he reraoved to Chicago, where he be
came interested in Ihe Board of Trade for about Iwo years.

38

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

when he returned to Elgin, and engaged for a year in mer
cantile business. He then formed a partnership for resum
ing banking, the firm being Lawrence, Pease & Town, and
this was subsequently merged into the First National Bank
of Elgin, of which he becarae Cashier, a position he has
retained to the present time. He has been very active also
in public life. He was Alderman in 1862-63, and has been
one ofthe Trustees of the Elgin Acaderay since ils incorpo
ration in 1854. He was a Director and the Treasurer of
the Fox River Railroad, from the commencement of the
organization until it was transferred. He is Manager and
Director of the Elgin City Banking Corapany--a savings
institution — and vvas, at one time, a Director of the Wis
consin Central Railroad. Personally, he is of a frank,
hearty, cordial disposition, with an abrupt good huraor, in
spiring friendship and confidence. He is quick and ner
vously active in his moveraents ; and being shrewd, far-
seeing, and industrious, has made the institution he con
ducts one- of the most successful banks in the northwest.
Financially, he has been remarkably successful. In 1874 he
erected a large and elegant block at the corner of Chicago
street and Fountain Square, which is one of the finest in the
city, at a cost of over {^30,000. His residence is araong the
finest and best in Elgin, and is situated in the west portion
of Ihe city, on an erainence commanding an extended view
of town and counlry. He was married, 1840, to Hannah
S. Ovialt, of Ohio ; she died in 1843, leaving one daughter.
In the autumn of 1844 he was united to Maria Selkregg,
of Erie county, Pennsylvania, and has one son and three
daughters frora this union.

ANDERS, WILLIAM D.,

D. D., Scientist and
Educator, is a native of Huron county, Ohio,
and the son of Dr. Moses C. Sanders, a. di.stin-
guished physician and surgeon. He prepared for
an academic career at Huron Institute, Milan,
Ohio, and in 1 841 entered the Western Reserve
College, at Hudson, and received ils degrees in 1845.
During the three years immediately following his gradua
tion, he was Principal of the Richfield Academy, in Surarait
county, Ohio. In 1848 he entered the Hudson Theological
Seminaiy, completing its course of study in 185 1. During
this period there occurred a crisis in the financial affairs of
this institution, v\'hich threatened its complete ruin; and in
this emergency he w.as importuned by both trustees and
faculty to lead a foriorn hope for ils rescue. He vvas ab
sent frora the instilulion in this generous service over a
year, and in this time executed a plan vvhich rescued the
college from great peril, and added over one hundred thou
sand dollars lo its resources. Upon the ending of his
studies in this instilulion, he vvas married, in Cleveland, to
Cornelia R. Smith, and soon after was ordained lo the min
istry by the Presbytery of Portage, and took charge of a

church in Ravenna, Portage county, Ohio. Here he la
bored for three years wilh very remarkable success, and
was then called lo the Chair of Rhetoric, Elocution and
English Literature, in Illinois College, al Jacksonville, Illi
nois. He entered upon the duties of this professorship in
Ihe autumn of 1854, and performed thera wilh enthusiasm
and fidelity for the protracted period of fifteen years. While
thus laboring, he was called upon, as in a forraer instance,
to rescue the institution from an embarrassing financial
situation, and though the work was an exceedingly grave
and difficult one, the greatest success crowned his efforts.
Upon his resignation of his professorship in 1869, an ap
propriate tribute to his talents, his culture, and his generous
services was paid hira by the trustees of the college. Dur
ing the Civil War, his allegiance to the Governraent w.as
never in doubt, and one of the most eloquent of patriotic
appeals was pronounced by him in Strawn's Opera House,
to the Hardin and Union Guards, onthe Sabbath preceding
their departure for the field. Among other oratorical efforts
which gave hira great celebrity vvere his welcomes to Gen
eral McClernand in 1862, to General Benjamin Grierson
in 1863, his oration at Carlinsville in the same year, and his
discourse at Quincy, upon the fall of Richmond. His name,
however, will perhaps be perpetuated longer as that of the
founder of institutions of learning, than from any other
cause. He was the originator of the " Young Ladies'
AthenEeum,'' a school established in 1864, vvhich has en
joyed the patronage of the wealthiest and most intelligent
families, .and which under his superintendency is occupying
a daily enlarging field of usefulness. The " Illinois Con
servatory of Music" is also the offspring ofhis untiring
energy, and its faculty now embraces many of the finest
European and Ainerican professors in both theory and prac
tice, and comprehends a scale of instruction in vocal and
instrumental music vvhich can elsewhere be scarcely
equalled. Attached lo the Conservatory is a large hall for
musical soirees. The average attendance is now over two
hundred pupils. Professor Sanders is also the founder of
" The Central Illinois Loan Agency,'' and is ils leading
actuary, and by ils intermediary offices, millions of eastern
capital have been invested in Illinois, Missouri and Kansas,
and Ihe business now flowing in the channels il has created
has grown into immense proportions. Ils principal office
is at Jacksonville, branch offices being located al various
points in Missouri and Kansas. Amid all the raulliform
labors growing out of his intimate connection wilh these
educational and financial institutions. Professor .Sanders
has been often called to the assistance of the church, and
has repeatedly filled the pulpits of Jacksonville. For eight
years he was the regular supply of Ihe church at Pisgr.h.
Al various limes he has received calls to Ihe pastorate of
churches in Chicago, Cincinnad, and elsewdiere, but 1 as
been corapelled to decline them. It may be readily inferred
that, in founding and fostering so raany important institu
tions, he is in Ihe fortunate possession of powers of mind

""¦"y -=«.;, Co. Ml..ilo.Ue*"^-

^2-C-<~-^fD^?-^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

39

railroad.

and body rarely bestowed upon a single individual. He
has a keen faculty for organization, and wrings success out
of every enterprise in which he sets out. His entire career
is an exemplification of remarkable power of concentrating
thought and of indomitable persistence. He is a man of
strong convictions, frank utterance, warm impulses, and
ceaseless vigilance over the welfare of the interests with
vvhich he is identified. He is novv fifty years of age, and
despite his arduous and ceaseless labors is in the enjoyment
of excellent health. He has five children, all of whom are
living and two of whom are college graduates.

[ATSON, WILLIS HARRISON, Merchant and
Soldier, was born, June 22d, 1840, in Vincennes,
Knox county, Indiana, and is a son of Louis L.
and Lydia (Fellows) Watson. He received his
education in the public schools of Ihat city, and
when fifteen years old started as a newsboy on the
He continued in this occupation for two years,
and then becarae a raessenger of Adaras' Express Com|)any,
but Ihe labor vvas too arduous for one so young, and he left
the road to accept a clerkship for some railroad contractors,
with whom he remained about a year. Pie next obtained
the clerkship on a Mi-ssissippi steamer, which he filled
until 1859, wdien he returned lo Vincennes and opened a
book and music store. In August, 1862, at the request of
Governor Morion, he accepted a Lieutenant's commission
for the purpose of raising a company of volunteers for
three years' service. At that lime there were several offi
cers endeavoring to recruit companies in Vincennes and
vicinity, bul without great success. Such was Lieutenant
Watson's popularity, however, together wilh his activity, he
was enabled to fill his company to the required number —
one hundred and one men — in a very short space of lirae.
He was unaniraously elected Captain, and received his
commission as such August 20lh, 1862; the company went
into Camp Gibson, at Princeton, Indiana, as Company G
of the 80th Indiana Infantry. On September 201h, 1872,
his command was ordered lo Ihe front, and joined the
Army of the Ohio under General Lew Wallace. At the
battle of Perryville, which took place October 8lh, 1862,
he was wounded and disabled for service, being absent
from the field for about three months ; at the expiration
of Ihat time he returned to his regiment and performed
active duty for several months, but on account of a diseased
condition of the lungs was compelled to resign, and in the
autumn of 1863 he returned to Vincennes. As soon as his
health permitted he went back to his book store. Early in
1864 he opened a book store in St. Louis, Missouri, and
divided his time between the two places ; this lasted for
several months, when he finally closed out both concerns,
and in the autumn of the same year opened a hosiery and
notion store in Decatur, Illinois. He remained there, hovv

ever, but a short lime, disposed of his establishment, and,
in company with his father-in-law, engaged in the furniture
business at Jacksonville. His health again failed, and he
went South for recuperation. In Washington he received
an appoinlraent as Assistant Postmaster of Savannah, Geor
gia, where he arrived in May, 1865. But the work was
too laborious for his delicate health, and he wrote to Presi
dent Johnson, asking to be appointed Internal Revenue
Assessor of the Fourth District of Georgia, which was im
mediately granted, and he received his appointment July
l8th, 1865. He remained there until the spring of 1869,
when he resigned his position May 20lh of that year.
During his residence in Georgia he occupied many respon
sible political positions. Pie was a delegate from that Slate,
in 1868, to the Chicago Convention which nominated
General Grant to the Presidency, and also a delegate lo
the Soldiers' and Sailors' Convention in Chicago imraedi
ately previous, and was one of the Vice-Presidents of the
latter organization, and a meraber of the Soldiers' and
Sailors' National Executive Committee. He w.as also
Secretary of the Republican Slate Central Cornmitlee of
Georgia. In September, 1869, he concluded his business
affairs in Washington and reraoved to Aurora, Illinois,
where he opened a book store, which has occupied his
attention to the present time, and vvhich has yearly increased
in sales until it is now one of the finest stores in Ihe city.
He is a thorough business man, and since his residence in
Aurora, although holding no public office, he has interested
himself in public matters, and been a delegate lo various
county and Slate conventions. He has been twdce married ;
his first wife was Emma Anderson, of Jacksonville, Illinois,
to whom he was united in August, 1864, and v\'ho died in
November, 1872. On May 26th, 1874, ho married Alice
Jenifer, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

EFFT, JOSEPH, M. D., Physician, was born,
August 29th, 1812, in Lebanon, Madison county.
New York, and is a son of Jonathan and Eliza
beth (Collins) Tefft. His early education was
obtained in the schools of his native town, and
his medical education was prosecuted in the
office of his uncle. Dr. Stephen P. Collins, and subsequently
in the Medical Colleges of Castleton and Woodstock, Ver
mont, from which latter institution he graduated in 1833.
He then coraraenced Ihe practice of his profession wilh his
uncle in Casenovia, New York, and was very successful.
In 1835, in corapany with his entire faraily and other rela
tions, consisting of eighteen or twenty persons, he started
for Illinois, travelling the entire distance in carriages, and
arrived at Joliet in the autumn of that year. He estab
lished himself in Ihe valley of P"ox river, on the site of the
present village of Clintonville, and commenced the practice
of medicine, being the first regular physician in that seo-

40

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

tion. He shortly aftervvards removed to Elgin, before that
town had a narae, and in 1S38 built the first frame house
there. Being possessed of an active disposidon, and desir
ous of proraoting the interests of the settlement, together
with his natural ability and superior education and attain
ments, he was soon regarded as a leading raan in the com
munity, and has retained that position to the present day.
In 1854, through his untiring labor, the charter for a city
was obtained, and the framing of that charter was chiefly
performed by him. He was chosen Ihe first Mayor of the
new city, and has been elected to that office several times
since. He was also the first Police Magistrate of Elgin,
and was Supervisor for the town during the years 1842,
1S50, 1852, i860, and 1861. He has been President ofthe
Board of Trustees of Elgin Academy — a school well known
throughout the State as one of the best institutions of the
kind in the Northwest — aiid has condnued as such since its
incorporation in 1854. He vvas one of the originators and
founders ofthe first library of Elgin, and contributed much
to its support. He was also one of the first Directors of Ihe
Fox River Railroad, and labored earnestly in completing
arrangements for the same. He was Ihe prime mover in
the establishment of the present Board of Trade for dairy
products in Elgin, and is President of the organizalion.
Ils present prosperous condidon is due, in no sraall amount,
to his energy and perseverance. He was President of the
Agricultural Society of Elgin, and was largely instrumental
in ils cr<ranizalion. In political affairs he has also taken an
active part ; in his earlier life he had been a Deraocrat, but
in later years he became a firm supporter of Republican
doctrines. He is one of those raen whose life offers raost
striking lessons of encourageraent to young men who are
seeking success in business life. Honorable in character
and tireless in energy, he has attained the goal of his ambi
tion, leavinor at every step, in both his actions and their
results, faithful lights to direct others on their vvay. He
retired from the active duties of his profession several years
since, and resides with his family in a beautiful residence
on the east side of the city, where he occupies a great por
tion of his lime wilh his books and in making microscopic
examinations of various speciraens of anatom ', botany, etc.
Few raen have passed through such a busy, bustling life as
he has ; and few have been so energetic and determined.
pie is truly the architect and builder of his ovvn fortunes.
He has been twice married ; his first wife was Emeline
Gilbert, to whom he was uniled in 1834, previous to his
removal West; she died in 1844, leaving one daughter;
she was a most estimable woman and calmly endured the
privations to which the early settlers were subjected, and
vvas ever ready lo lend a helping hand in lime of need.
In 1846 he married Mrs. Lavina Ormsby — a widow lady
with one daughter. The result of this union has been one
son, who is married and resides on and cultivates his father's
farm of two hundred and fifty acres to the eastward of the
city.

ATCHELDER, GEORGE W., Bookseller and
Stationer, was born, February 26th, 1817, in
Bennington, Vermont. He is of Puritan ances
try, and a descendant of a dissenting clergyman
who was araong the first settlers of New Eng
land. His paternal grandfather. Deacon Siraon
Batchelder, was a pioneer settler of Northwood, New
Harapshire, and araong the first to enlist in the war of the
Revolution. He shouldered his gun and travelled through
the wilderness to Boston, leaving his young vvife to take
care of the operdng he had been making in the forest which
he had selected for his home. His maternal grandfather
was Colonel Isaac Waldron, of Barrington, New Harap
shire, and a relative of the Waldron whom the Indians tor
tured and burned. While yet an infant, his father wdth his
family went to the Western counlry, passing down the Ohio
river to New Albany, Indiana; and thence proceeded to
New Madrid, Missouri, where he resided two years, and
during that period lost all his family except his step-son and
his son George. Leaving this place with these two he
went dovvn the river to New Orleans, where he embarked
on a sailing vessel bound to Portsmouth, New Harapshire,
and on his arrival there returned to the old horaestead,
where he reared his son, who, for the next fifteen years,
labored on the farm, meanwhile attending the neighboring
district schools until he vvas seventeen years old, and then
himself in turn began to teach. He also attended the
acaderay until he was twenty, alternating wilh teaching ;
and as the stale of his funds permitted acquired a thorough
academical education, including the languages. As an
evidence of his studious habits and thrift it may be
staled that he was wont to gather and store the pilch pine-
knots and shavings of wood, which, being ignited, afforded
sufficient light from the fireplace to enable hira to con his
books and gather frora them the learning sought. With
the sum of tv\'elve dollars in his pocket he left home and
for seven years thereafter was either employed as a teacher
or a clerk in a store, meanwhile pursuing his studies during
leisure hours. In 1844 he went to Zanesville, Ohio, to
superintend the public schools there, which then occupied
a somevvh"t anomalous position, the most influential citizens
of the town being opposed to the public school system en
tirely. In addition to this the founder of the town had
bequeathed a sura of money for establishing a school for»
the benefit of the indigent of the place, vvhich was deemed
sufficient for all necessaiy purposes; and as the public
schools, properly so called, were sustained partly by a
properly tax and partly by an odious rate list, it was not
surprising Ihat these latter v\'ere regarded as unnecessary.
However, under the new superintendent, who now assumed
the charge, they attained an ascendency which they have
maintained ever since. He remained in this position for
eleven years, and in 1856 vvas engaged by Ihe house of
G. & C. Merriam, of Springfield, Massachusetts, lo c-anvacs
the West and visit the prominent educational institutions.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

41

both Roman Catholic and Protestant, in behalf of their
great edition of " Webster's Quarto Dictionary," and intro
duce it in the colleges and academies. The following
year he became a general agent for the great publishing
house of W. B. Smith & Co. of Cincinnati, in whose
employ he remained until 1868, during which lime their
text-books were introduced very largely into the schools of
the entire Northwest. In the last-named year he assumed
an active position in the house of Maxwell, Batchelder &
Co., of Bloomington, Illinois, in which he had purchased
an interest three years previously, and which business has
assumed larger proportions as time rolled on, until it has,
at the present time, becoine the largest book and stationery
house in Illinois outside of Chicago. During his career as
agent for the Cincinnati publishing house, he vvas regarded
by all as a fair, honorable, and trustworthy business man ;
and in his present vocation this standing is enhanced by the
community araong whom he resides, by whom he is re
garded as a man of great raoral worlh and high intellectual
status. He was married, in 1848, to Adaline Willard, of
Oneida county. New York, herself also a descendant ofthe
Puritans. His family consists of two sons and a daughter.

;AM, CHARLES HENRY, Lawyer and Editor,
was born Januaiy 22d, i83i,in Canterbury, New
Harapshire, and is Ihe son of Joseph Plam, a
farraer of that section, who is yet living at the
great age of eighty-seven years ; his mother also
survives at a very advanced age. He was edu
cated in the district school, which was unexceptionaUy
good, and to it he was indebted for whatever instruction he
received. He, however, devoted half of each year to labor
on the farm ; but his health was poor, and finally, when
eighteen years old, he v\'as forced to abandon his studies
and accept the forlorn lol of an invalid. He hoped, how
ever, that a change of scene and occupation might prove
advantageous, and he found a position in a country store at
London, where he quickly regained his health and spirits.
At the end of two years he resolved lo go to Boston, bul
the attempt proved unsuccessful. However, an opening of
a very promising character was found in Lowell, bul this
he was soon compelled to abandon in consequence of
illness, and after .some months he recovered sufficiently to
accept a position in the office of the Concord Railway
Company, where he remained five years. During Ihis
lime, however, he vvas repeatedly prostrated by severe
attacks of illness, and finally he shipped on board of a cod
fishing vessel for Labrador, and by this means hardened his
constitution, and his health was iraproved. While pursu
ing his duties in Concord, he had studied lavv as a relief to
the routine drudgery of office work, but with no definite
idea of entering upon the practice of thai profession. In
1S56, having failed of promotion, finding small scope for
6

ambition, and chafing under the dullness of clerical occupa
tion, he resolved to visit the West. On his arrival at
Chicago, in the spring ofthal year, he iramediately secured
a situation in the banking house of R. K. Swift & Co., at
that period an exceedingly prosperous firm; but in the
autumn of 1857 ihe house went down in the general finan
cial crash of that year, and after he had remained with
them some months in a confidential capacity in the settle
ment of its business, he found himself not only unemployed,
but without having raade any substantial advance on the
road to success. He now resumed the study of law with a
view to a certain independence, and within a few months
was admitted to practice. Shortly after this event he was
offered and accepted n very advantageous legal partner
ship with an old friend who h.ad already achieved distinc
tion at the Chicago bar. Nolwilhslanding he had received
raerely a common school education, still this furnished a
sufficiently well-grounded basis for the subsequent acquisi
tion of more extended knowdedge, and his habits of close
application as a student enabled him to obtain a mental
growth .which more liberal advantages could not have
enabled him to exceed. As a lawyer he w.as distinguished
for careful and methodical business habits, close scrutiny
of the points arising in a given case, accurate and reliable
conclusions, and particularly for skill in the preparation of
instruraents and examination of lilies. Early in 1866 a
flattering proposition growing out of a complicated business
controversy, to the disentanglement of which he had given
professional attention, was made to him to embark in mer
cantile life, and he yielded to its apparent promise and
accepted it; but the enterprise after some years proved
unsuccessful. About this period the Inter-Ocean was
founded, and he became connected therewith, and has
since remained as one of ils leading editorial writers.
Although up to this time he had no journalistic experience,
yet he acquitted himself adrairably from the first, and
speedily became not only proficient, but superior in the
performance of the duties to be discharged in his new field
pf labor. His legal education, and the experience derived
from the pursuit of both the banking and mercantile busi
ness, enabled hira to grasp in detail and coraprehensively
treat all the varied topics of popular and political interest,
as well as to aira at and express deliberate and instructive
conclusions upon passing events. His style acquired
fluency as he progressed, and is now characterized by ease
of expression as well as clearness and force. His articles
on the subject of finance are noted for their unusual vigor
and ability, and he has advocated the cause of expansion
rather than contracdon, as deraanded by the exigencies ot
the tiraes. In the conduct of a political journal his wide
acquaintance wilh national and Slate politics filled hira to
become at once a valuable auxiliary, to which his thorough
going belief in the principles of his party, coupled with
years of experience in giving reasons for the faith that was
in him, have largely contributed. In 1868 he was chosen

42

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

a member of the Board of Supervisors of Cook county, and
served wilh credit. In the following year he was the
nominee of the Republican parly to the office of County
Treasurer, but the entire ticket was defeated by a boll
headed by the Chicago Tribune. In 1 87 1 he was appointed
United Stales Appraiser of Merchandise for the Port of
Chicago, which office he still holds. He is eminently
social, and his fine conversational powers render him
highly attractive in society. He is now in the prime of
life, has a charming wife and one child; and from the fact
that il is only within a few years that he has obtained the
opportunity of giving free scope to his talents, it raay be
fairly presumed that he has but just entered upon the
threshold of a brilliant career.

IIERCE, COLONEL GILBERT ASHVILLE,
Lawyer, Soldier, and Editor, was born, Janu.ary
nth, 1838, at East Otto, Cattaraugus county.
New York, his parents being of New England
descent. He received a fair education, and in
1854 removed to Ihe West and joined his father,
who was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Porter county,
Indiana. He subsequently attended the law department of
the University of Chicago, where he made rapid progress
in his legal studies, and vvas duly qualified as an allorney
and counsellor at law. In 1859 he settled at Valparaiso,
Indiana, and coraraenced the practice ofhis profession, and
was raeeting with much success when the rebellion broke
out. He had taken an active part, during the presidential
carapaign of i860, in favor of the election of Abrahara
Lincoln, and at this juncture did not hesitate to defend the
principles he had advocated. In company wilh about
eighty others, he volunteered and joined Ihe camp al
Indiiinapolis. At that place he vvas elected Second Lieu
tenant of his company, which became a portion of the gth
Indiana Regiment, and served through the three months'
campaign. At the termination thereof he was commis
sioned a Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, this being
the third appointment in that corps by President Lincoln,
and from that date until after the close of the war he was
almost constantly in active service. For a time he was
stationed at Paducah, Kentucky, and supplied the army
under Grant with forage, wagon trains, clothing, and the
numberless articles required by so vast a body of raen,
which necessitated also the employment of a large fleet of
steamers and barges. He was at Forts Henry and Donel
son, Shiloh, and passed sorae days at the front during the
siege of Corinth. In the spring of 1863 he joined the
army under General Grant, then engaged in the siege of
Vicksburg, and entered that city vvith the command on
July 4th, after ils surrender. When Generals Grant and
.SherniEin proceeded lo Nashville, he was ordered lo join
them, and did so. He entered upon his duties as disburs

ing officer at the front, but shortly after received news of
his promotion,- some months previous, to the rank of Lieu
tenant-Colonel and Chief Quartermaster of the 13th Corps,
then stationed in Texas. He at once proceeded to join
that coramand, but after a few months of service there was
corapelled on account of illness to relinquish the position
and return to the North. He passed three or four months
in recruiting his health, at the expiration of which time he
was appointed, under a special Act of Congress, In.speclor
of the Quartermaster's Department, wilh the rank of a
Colonel of Cavalry. He was also constituted by Secretary
Stanton a Special Commissioner of the War Department,
and, as such, visited most ofthe military posts ofthe South.
He participated, vvhile on this duly, in the battle of Poca-
taligo, South Carolina, and in the siege of Mobile, Ala
bama, entering the latter city with the United States fleet.
He was aftervvards on duly in New Orleans, and finally
left the service in October, 1865. Beside the rank- held
under the appointments raentioned, he was thrice brevetted
for faithful and meritorious conduct. He now returned
horae, where he resumed the practice ofhis profession, and ¦
in 1868 was elected to the Indiana Legislature, and served
on several committees therein, and vvas appointed Chairman
of that on Benevolent Institutions. He was subsequently
named as Assistant Financial Secretary of the Uniled States
Senate, bul resigned the latter place to accept an editorial
position on the Chicago Inter-Ocean, entering upon
these duties in July, 1872. During the Presidential cam
paign which shortly followed, he contributed a full share
of the strong bul courteous articles that gave lo that journal
a national reputation as the leading Republican newspaper
ofthe Northwest. He is very much attached to his profes
sion, and lakes a becoraing pride in being a member of the
editorial fraternity. He is the author of a number of
sketches, some of which have received the indorsement of
very high critical authorities. He is also the author of the
" Dickens Dictionary," a vvork published by Osgood & Co.,
of Boston, which has become a necessity in the libraiy of
every literaiy man. He was married, in 1857, to Ann
Maria, daughter of Joseph Barlholemew, of Tassinong,
Indiana, and grand daughter of General Joseph Barlhole
mew. Four children are the result of this union.

ACOES, GEORGE P., Lawyer, was born in Fiill
River, Massachusetts, August 20th, 1835, being
the only son of Pyam Jacobs and Clarissa Hath
away Jacobs. When five years of age he raoved
wilh his parents lo Galena, Illinois, and remained
Ihere until his eighteenth year, when he entered
Beloit College, taking his degrees from that institution in
1857. Upon his graduation he located in Oregon, Ogle
county, Illinois, and commenced lo study law wilh II. A.
Mix. In i860 he was admitted lo the bar, and entered at

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

43

once into n partnership vvith his preceptor, an association
which was only dissolved a short lime before Ihe dealh of
the latter in 1867. In 1863 he was commissioned Coramis-
saiy of Subsistence by President Lincoln, and assuraed his
position among the active officers of ihe army. Being
ranked as Captain, he served with di-^linclion on the staffs
of Brigadier-General William Vandever, Major General
Frank Heron, General M. M. Crocker, General Giles A.
Smith, and others, remaining in the field until the close of
the war in 1865, and then retiring frora it wdth an honor
able record. Returning horae, he reassuraed Ihe practice
of his profession, and in a short tirae took a position as one
of the leading lawyers of Ogle county. In 1872 he was
elected lo the Slate Senate frora the Twelfth Senatorial
District, coraposed of Ogle and Lee counties. In this
public office he distinguished hiraself as a ready debater,
and in the broad and comprehensive view which he took
of the necessities of a great and growing commonwealth.
During the sessions of the Twenty-eighth General Assembly
of Illinois he was Chairman of the Committee on Corpora
tions, and in the Twenty-ninth he was on the Committees
on Judiciary, Banks and Banking, Revenue, and others of
lesser importance. His public-spirited labors have raade
for him a lasting repulalion, confined not alone to the circle
of his constituents. He manifests a deep interest in Ihe
prosperity of the city of his residence, aiding through his
means and influence its development in all those depart
ments wdiich make a municipality great — government, in
dustry, education. He is a gentleman of scholastic train
ing, of marked refinement and courtesy. He is now in the-
fullest vigor of life and unmarried.

ALCH, WILLIAM STEVENS, Clergyman, was
born, April 13th, 1806, in Andover, Windsor
county, Vermont, and is a son of Joel and Betsy
Stevens, Plis parents were farmers in very
moderate circumstances, and he, like others,
•labored hard during his boyhood days. His
education was principally obtained during the winter
months in the district school, and he was wont during his
leisure houi-s lo study at home, and review his studies ac
quired at school. He became a teacher during the winter
of 1821-22, and the following summer his brother, who
was a resident of New York city, sent for -him to becorae
an Assistant Preceptor in St. John's Acaderay. He
travelled a greater portion of the distance on fool, but on
his arrival, being dissatisfied with city life, returned horae
to Verraont within four months. He resumed his studies
there for eighteen months, during a portion of which time
he taught school ; but desiring a collegiate educadon, and
in order lo defray the expense attending the same, returned
to New York and renewed his connection with the St.
John's Academy. His next venture was as a lecturer, and he

delivered his maiden effort in Poughkeepsie, on ihe English
Language. Sjou after this he resolved to devote hiraself lo
the ministry, and vvas fellowshipped with the Universalists
al their general convention, held, 1827, at Saratoga, enter
ing al once upon the duties of his vocation. His first salary
was five dollars each Sunday, in Newfane, Vermont. He
was soon after invited to settle in Albany, New York, but
his failing health compelled hira to remain in the countiy,
and he passed two years in Watertown, Massachusetts.
He thence removed to Clareraont, New Hampshire, and
preached there four years, and vvhere, through his energy
and perseverance, a fine church edifice was built. He next
officiated in Providence, Rhode Ishand, where he passed
six years; and during this period was idendfied with
" Suffrage Reform," having for its object the abrogation of
the Royal Charter of Charles the Second, which had re
mained in force long after the American Revolution. He
was urged to accept office, but declined Ihe honor, as he
ever despised those vvho sought official position for the
sake of ils emolumenls. In 1842 he received an urgent
call to settle in New York city, which, after mature deliber
ation, he accepted, and ministered to the congregation of
the Bleecker Street Church for seventeen years with great
acceptability. During this period he twice visited the Old
World, and on his second trip extended his travels through
Greece, Turkey, Palestine, and Egypt. On his return from
his first lour he wrote and published a work entitled, Ire
land, as I saiu it, which was most favorably received by
the Irish people. During his residence in New York, he
was for some time Editor-in-chief of the Christian Am
bassador, a weekly journal devoted to the interests of Uni-
versalisra, and under his management it was raised from
apparent obscurity lo rank as one of the popular papers
of the city. Becoming, hovvever, dissatisfied with the
growth of vice, and the evil tendency of the morals in the
great city, he returned 10 Vermont, and located at Ludlow,
where he remained for seven years, during which time he
was twice elected a Representative lo the Stale Legislalure,
Ihe first lime wiihout being conscious of his being a candi
date. In 1865 he removed to Illinois and settled at Gales
burg, where he passed five years, during which period he
was urged to accept a Congressional nomination, but de
clined. In 1871 he removed to Elgin, which he has made
his permanent residence. Though he suffered many years
from dyspepsia, the result of too much raental and but little
physical exercise, yet he is now, at the age of sixty-nine,
a hale and vigorous raan, officiating twice every Lord's day,
beside lecturing four or five tiraes during the week, and being
fully occupied in pastoral duties. He has ever been active
in the cause of Teraperance, the Abolition of Slavery, and
those other reforms which tend to improve mankind. His
study and effort has been to make his fellow-men wdser
and better, holier and happier, and to learn to obey the
laws of God mentally and physically, so as to attain a
bright hereafter. He has been twice tendered die decree

44

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of D. D., but refused the honor as not being in accordance
with the spirit and dignity of Christianity. He was united
in marriage to his first wife, Adeline G. Capron, in 1829,
by whom he had eight children ; his eldest son is the
present Mayor of Charles City, Iowa. In 1856 he was
married to Mrs. Mary A. Waterhouse, of New York, and
has since had three children.

|E.A, ROBERT L., M. D., was born in Rock
bridge county, Virginia, July Ist, 1827. He is
the son of Robert and Patsy (Adams) Rea. His
early education was such as the imperfect schools
of his native place afforded. When about seven
teen years of age he removed with his faraily to
Fayette county, Indiana, and was for the two succeeding
years engaged in farraing. This life not being congenial
lo his tastes, and having ambition to rise in the world, he
received an appointraent as district school teacher through
the personal influence of his life-long friend Absalom Man-
love. This vocation he followed for five years, during
vvhich time the teacher was also the scholar, using his
vacations for pursuing his own studies at a neighboring
academy; this period being the coraraenceraent of sorae
new study that was finished during the ensuing session of
his school. Thus, by close application and wholly frora
the fruits of his own labor, he acquired his education and
fitted hira.self for the practice of medicine, having chosen
this profession during his years of teaching, and pursuing
the study of it under the tutorship of Dr. W. P. Kitchen.
He began pracdce on September I7lh, 185 1, at Oxford,
Butler county, Ohio, and four years later, having passed the
regular course in the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincin
nati, he graduated therefrom in March, 1855. Thereupon
he wrs chosen by the faculty, on a competitive examina
tion, as Resident Physician to the Coramercial Hospital of
that city, where he rem.ained one year. At the same time
he was elected to the position of Demonstrator of Anatomy
in the Medical College of Ohio. This connection he con
tinued until the spring of 1857, when he returned to Oxford,
his former field of practice. During his residence here he
delivered annual courses of lectures on anatomy and physi
ology at the Western Female Seminary, of which he was a
trustee. In 1859 he reraoved lo Chicago and was ap
pointed Professor of Anatomy in Ihe Rush Medical College
of that city, delivering his -first course in the session of
1859-60. Dr. Rea has been a diligent practitioner of his
profession, and is acknowledged to be one ofthe raost suc
cessful and thorough teachers of anatomy in America.
During his long connection wilh the Rush Medical College
— -sorae sixteen years — he has never failed lo lecture at Ihe
appointed hour (a fact of special pride lo him), notwith
standing the demands and labors of a large and lucrative

practice. In 1851 he was married to Adeline Tuttle, of
Fayette county, Indiana, and in 1874 to Nellie R. Man-
love, of Indianapolis, Indiana.

UNCAN, HON. JOSEPH, Soldier, Statesman,
Meraber of Congress, and Governor of Illinois,
was born, February, 1794, at Paris, Bourbon
county, Kentucky, and was the youngest son of
Major Joseph Duncan, a native of Virginia, vvho
removed to Kentucky at an early period of its
settlement, where he died during the childhood of his
youngest son. The latter was, in consequence of this event,
called at a very tender age to share wilh his widowed
mother the responsibilities of her bereaved family. In Ihis
situation he was distinguished for firmness and steadiness
of purpose beyond his years, and for those kind, deep, and
generous social affections which characterized his whole
life. Thus his life passed on wilh little of incident to give
it peculiarity, other than his superior skill in all the athletic
sports of boyhood, until he reached the age of sixteen. At
Ihis period he received a commission in the United Stales
anny, in which he reraained until the close of the last war
vvith Great Britain. Notwilhstanding his extrerae youth,
he discharged the duty of a soldier with such vigor and
fidelity as lo raerit and receive through the remainder ofhis
life the thanks of his countiy. It vvere enough for his military
reputation to name hira as one ofthe intrepid band of between
•one and two hundred men, vvho, in the battle of Sandusky,
repulsed with tremendous havoc the combined British and
Indian forces, amounting to ten times their ovvn number,
and as having commanded, in that splendid affair, not
withstanding his youth, a post of pre-eminent responsi
bility. For the great services perforraed on this occasion
his grateful countiy conferred on him, and on each of his
associates in the comraand, a gold-mounted sword as a
teslimonial lo them, and Iheir children after them, that their
country is not unraindful of those v\'ho nobly peril their
lives in her defence. At another lime, wilh a handful of
men under his command, he penetrated one hundred and
fifty miles into the interior of upper Canada, and there,
enduring all Ihe rigors of a northern winter, watched the
movements of the enemy within twenty railes of his camp,
and crossed Lake Erie frora Maiden to Sandusky in an
open yawl, accompanied by only three men. Again, he
made a journey of fifty miles through forests, across streams,
and amidst hostile Indians, where an Indian guide refused
lo accompany hira, in order to execute the ordera of his
superiors in command. When peace was declared he re
tired, frora the army and for a time devoted himself lo
agricultural pursuits in his native Stale. In 1818 he re
moved lo Jackson county, Illinois ; and so highly was his
railitary character esteemed that he early received the ap
pointment of Major-General of the Militia; and he rendered

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

45

important military service, in the spring of 1 831, in the first
outbreak of the " Black Hawk war." In 1823 he was
elected lo the Senate of Illinois from Jackson county for
four years. The part of his labors in Ihat body from which
he derived the most satisfaction was the bill he introduced,
and which was passed, to establish a system of common
schools for the State. Though the lavv soon becarae un
popular and was repealed, it was a noble conception and re
flected a lasting honor on the name of its originator. In
1826, one year before Ihe expiration of his term, he was
elected as the only representative of the State in the United
States Congress, and was re-elected constantly until 1834.
One year prior to the expiration of his last Congressional
term he was elected Governor of Illinois. During all the
political storms that raged throughout the Slate and Nation
he enjoyed the reputation of being an honest man. He
was neither selfish nor malignant ; and was not the personal
eneray of his political opponents, nor did he bear thera
aught of malice. His character as a public raan was raarked
by enthusiastic patriotism, an intuitive and generally accu
rate discernment of the character and motives of those
around him, a Napoleon-like rapidity in arranging his plans,
and a high degree of energy in their execution. He exer
cised great honesty of purpose in the formation of his
opinions, and a bold and manly frankness in avowing and
advocating them. Attachment to the cause of education
marked the whole course of his life, both as a citizen and
as a public man ; and to it he freely and liberally contributed
his time, money, personal services and offirial infiuence.
To Illinois College his services vvere most valuable, his
donations were liberal, and the amount of time and personal
attention which he gratuitously devoted .to the object were
probably greater than the public were aware of From
1835 until his death he vvas a member of ils Board of
Trustees, and of the Prudential Committee, by which the
details of the business of the board are generally transacted.
He was a raember of the Presbyterian Church, and was ever
distinguished for his reverential deportment in public wor
ship, and for those marks of respect and kindness vvhich he
was accustoraed to bestow on the ministers of religion. He
was a friend to universal humanity. His affections vvere
liraited by no sectional, sectarian or party lines; but were
ready to embrace true worth, and honor true virtue where-
ever found. I-Ie died January I5lh, 1844, after a short
illness, leaving a wife. Two sons had died in infancy.

[EEM, GENERAL MARTIN, Lawyer and Sol
dier, was born, November I4lh, 1S43, of German
parents, in eastern Pennsylvania, and vvhen hut
two years of age removed with Ihe family lo
Alton, Illinois, and was residing there vvhen the
war of Ihe Rebellion broke out. Pie was only
in his eighteenth year when President Lincoln made his first
call for 75,000 men ; and it was impossible for him to enter

Ihe service in Illinois on account of Ihe vast number of
more matured raen who desired to enlist ; but he was ad
raitted into the service in Missouri, entering under that
call the 4th Missouri Volunteer Infantry, which was the first
regiment of Missouri troops lo organize. While wilh lh<at
command he took part in the capture of Camp Jackson,
under General Nathaniel Lyon, in St. Louis, May, 1861.
He re-enlisted for three years in the I3ih Missouri Volun
teer Infantry, commanded by Colonel Crafts J. Wright, and
participated in the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson
in Ihe winter of 1861-2. Pie vvas one of the "foriorn
hope " that stormed the heights of the latter fort under
General Charies F. Smith on the left. He was also at the
taking of Nashville ; the battle of Shiloh ; the siege and
battle of Corinth; Ihe battles of luka, Hatchie, Parker's
Cross Roads, Jenkins' Ferry, the Siege of Vicksburg, and
at several of the battles surrounding that stronghold. He
was attached lo that division of the army which captured
Little Rock, and moved with that corps, under General
Steele, to join General Banks in the disastrous Red River
campaign. He participated in the severe fighting which
resulted in such heavy losses of men and munitions lo Gen
eral Steele, when the latter was compelled lo fall back
upon his base at Little Rock. General Beem was actively
engaged throughout the war, and vvas wounded several
times. At the battle of Shiloh, when yet a boy of eighteen,
he received his first promotion, being made a Captain on
the field, receiving the thanks of General Sherman in per
son and a silver medal, in seizing a stand of colors and
raoving forward alone under a deadly fire in order to rally
the wavering lines. Nine of the color-guard of ten in at
terapting to follow him were shot within nine minutes, and
the remaining meraber was so crippled Ihat he was obliged
lo fall behind. For this exploit, and for other gallant and
meritorious services during the Civil War, he vvas brevetted
at its close by the President frora the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel lo that of Brigadier-General. Colonel C. J. Wright,
in a letier dated Deceraber 19th, 1874, addressed lo his
friend and classmate. Professor A. E. Church, ofthe United
Slates Milit.aiy Acaderay at West Point, and accompanying
ihe camp flag which General Beera had saved — and wdiich
he desired raight find a place in the " trophy room " of that
instilulion — thus alludes to Ihe incideni already briefly nar
rated : " We lost eighly-nine killed and wounded in about
an hour, and all of thera ray field and staff officers. Of the
killed, while advancing the colors, vvas the color-sergeant,
but ere he reached the ground Ihe colors were seized and
advanced by the young soldier-boy (for boy he was, scarcely
eighteen) whom I had left in camp. He presented lo ray
eye a strange appearance, being rauch enlarged in size.
At the first opportunity I inquired what was the matter,
when I ascertained Ihat he had wrapped around him Ihe
carap flag I had left behind. The retreating troops had
passed through ray camp disorganized. Those I had left,
or nearly all, ran for the river. Cannon balls were flying,

46

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and one passed through the flag. That the flag might not
get into Ihe hands of our enemies Ihe young man hauled
il dovvn, undressed hiraself, wrapped it around his body,
dressed himself in larger garments, and made his way to
me in line of battle, where he arrived in 'the thick of the
fight, and in tirae to save the regimental flag. For these
two heroic deeds I had Ihe young soldier-boy commissioned
as an officer." After the war he was assigned to duly on
the frontier, where he fought Indians for about a year, ren
dering good service and gaining additional military honors.
As a member and Judge-Advocate of courts-martial he was
enabled at tiraes during the war to prosecute the study of
the law, his chosen profession, and was admitted to practice
at the bar in 1S67. During the impeachment trial of
President Johnson, and the session of Congress following,
he was engaged as a reporter for several leading papers,
and followed up his law studies at the Columbian Lavv Col
lege in Washington, graduating subsequently in the Lavv
Department of Ihe Chicago University, and received the
degree of Bachelor of Laws under Judge Henry Booth.
He located in Ihat city for the practice of his profession,
and is associated wilh R. PI. Forrester and E. A. Gibbs,
under the firm-name of Forrester, Beem & Gibbs. As an
attorney and counsellor-at-law he gives promise of great
success. As a public speaker he is easy, fluent, and when
occasion requires very forcible and eloquent. His manner
is popular, and is of great holp to him before juries and
public assemblies. In politics he has ever been an ardent
Republican, and in the carapaign of 1 858 took the sturap
for the Union cause in the Slate of Arkansas, being the
only speaker frora the outside of that Slate vvho volunteered
to take part in that hazardous canvass. There he ran the
gauntlet ofthe " Ku-Klux Klaus," being frequently threat
ened and fired upon by Ihem for atterapting lo speak. How
ever, he swept over the whole Stale, and did such service
as to call forth the unanimous thanks of the National Re
publican Central Committee. In the recent Congressional
election an earnest effort was raade to induce him lo enter
the political arena as a candidate for Congress, but he per
sistently declined. He has always made politics subordi
nate to his profession, and does not seek nor wish to leave
his present lucrative and constantly-increasing practice for
any position.
G'lM EED, CORYDON, Lav^yer and President of the
g-.-l I I Phoenix Savings, Loan and Trust Corapany of
L III Bloomington, Illinois, vvas born, April 25th, 1822,
c7jTv| '" Livingston county. New York, raised and
<; Oj educated in Cayuga county. When he was nine
years old his mother died, and as the family was
a large one, he being one of eight children, an uncle took
charge of him, and with him he lived until he was eighteen
years of age. For nine years did he labor on the farm, and
only had two months' schooling in each year. When his

uncle could not employ him profitably ne was hired out lo
Ihe neighbors. His uncle having died, he was left to him
self, working by the raonth on a farm; in the course of
three years he saved about ^150. He next rented a farra,
but after two years, not finding il profitable, removed lo
Wyoming county, where he reraained until 1850. He then
reraoved West, and located at Bloomington, Illinois, having
a cash capilal of I300 gold. Here his father had resided
for sorae tirae, being Ihe owner of a section of land. In the
spring of 1851 he purchased a lot, erected a house and sold
it at considerable profit, this operation being the foundation-
stone of his after success in life. He continued in this
line of operations for three years, until he had increased his
capital lo J7000. He next turned his attention to merchan
dising, and managed to lose $5000 of his hard-earned
raeans. Feeling lh.it this was not his forte, he resuraed his
former pursuit of building. Being anxious to possess a
farm, he purchased 2700 acres of land on the line of the
Chicago and Alton Railway, on a portion of which he sub
sequently laid out a tovvn, and named it " Cayuga," after
the county of his boyhood. His next move was to open a
real estate and land office, which he carried on very suc
cessfully for several years, increasing his means very raa
terially, Ihough he lost heavily by an unwise venture in
Michigan " pine lands," so called, the pine proving to be
only hemlock. His next investment was at Shirley, six
railes south of Bloomington, where he erected a handsome
brick residence at a cost of Jio.ooo; also a grain warehouse,
two stores and some twelve dwellings, with post and tele
graph offices. The great financial panic of 1857 affected
him so severely that he was corapelled to sacrifice alraost
the entirely of this property, managing only to save his home
stead of about sixty acres. This latter parcel of land he
sold in 1861 for ^31,000, and then reraoved lo Chicago,
where he became a grain speculator, reraaining there some
two years or raore ; but he did not realize much from his
change of base. He went to Washington, District of Co
lurabia, towards the close of 1863, and soon thereafter be
carae interested in stock speculations, gaining ^40,000
during that winter; but unfortunately he joined a "ring"
vvhich had been forraed to corner a certain stock. The
corabinalion vvas not strong enough lo carry the heavy load,
and the result vvas that he lost all his previous gains, and
some ^10,000 more. After a brief sojourn al the sea-shore
he returned to Illinois, but only to proceed ihence to Mem
phis, where he engaged in cotton speculations; but neither
gained nor lost in these ventures. In April, 1864, he finally
returned to Bloomington and resumed his real estate and
land office, which after operating for five years netted him
a gain of ^50,000. He now procured the charier of the
"Phoenix Savings, Loan and Trust Company," and com
menced a banking business on his own account. This he did
alone for six raonths ; at the expiration of that time he as.so-
cialed wilh hira S. W. Capen & Son, lo whom he sold a
one-half interest ofthe slock and the banking business, and

^/

^^ i'lib. c- riuin^M'^''

^ cn^c/cn^rfhuclj

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

47

in which he still continues to be interested. The business
has proved reasonably successful. In addition to this, he
has succeeded in inducing Eastern capitalists to place large
sums of money in the hands of the firm to be loaned out
on Illinois farms, and up to Ihe present year (1875) ^^ l^^s
judiciously managed for his patrons in the East some five
millions of dollars. As can be iraagined, he is a restless,
active, energetic man ; he is withal very public spirited, and
has done very much to promote the interests of Bloomington
and McLean county : especially in ihe lormer, vvhere, be
lieving that Ihe city needed a good hptel, he has recently
erected a handsorae edifice for that purpose at a cost of
$60,000, although as an investment it can hardly be con
sidered a profitable one. He was married in 1847 'o Paraelia
D. Macomber, of Wyoming county. New York, and has one
daughter.

OHLER, REV. KAUFMANN,

Ph. D., Jewish
?43, in Fuerlh,

Rabbi, was born, May lolh, I
Bavaria, and is the eldest son of Moritz Kohler,
a clothier of that place, who himself had been
educated in a religious school. As he highly ap
preciated a religious education he directed the
training of his son in the same channel. While very young
he vvas taught Hebrew, and vvhen but six years old trans
lated the Pentateuch into German. He scarcely realized
the pleasures of free and joyous childhood, his attention
being so early and ccmipletely turned lo reading and study.
When ten years old he v\-as sent to a theological school at
Hasfurt, in Bavaria, where he remained for three years,
vvhen the school in a body was transferred to Wurzburg.
At the latter place he abode one year, and was then trans
ferred to a higher theological scho-il to engage in the pur
suit of linguistic studies at Mayence, on Ihe Rhine, where
he reraained three and a half years. He subsequently went
to Allona, near H.araburg, and studied for two years under
Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger, a famous Talmudist scholar. Thence
he repaired to Frankfort-on-lhe-Main, where he attended
the gyranasium or college, graduating at the end of two
years ; it being necessary to be a graduate of some gym
nasium before a student can enter either of Ihe universities.
He next attended the University of Munich for one year;
after vvhich he went lo the University of Beriin, where he
studied mythology under Professor Sleinlhol; and oriental
ism and Biblical exegesis under Professor Roediger. He
here completed his studies, and at the end of two and a
half years graduated ; his thesis or dissertation was on " The
Blessing of Jacob to his twelve Sons; " adducing proof that
it was not written until the lime of " The Judges." The
radical ideas expressed therein laid obstacles in the way of
his theological career. He was consequently led lo turn his
attention to still further studies wilh a view lo filling a pro
fessorship of philology. He next went to the University of
Leipsic, where he studied for a year. While there he wrote

a pamphlet against capital punishment; and he also con
tributed articles for Dr. Geiger's Quarteriy on "Jewish
Theology." It was through this latler gentleman that he
was led to resume his theological career, and by his agency
that he received a call to America from a congregation at
Detroit, Michigan. He accepted the same, and reached
that city in August, 1869. In 1871 he received a call to
becorae the pastor of a congregadon in Chicago. When he
arrived in that cityhe found the edifice had been deslro)ed
by the Great Fire. The congregation, however, assembled
and worshipped in a public hall until the completion of
Iheir temple. He was the first Rabbi in America lo intro
duce successfully among his people a religious service on
Sunday, in addition to the regular Sabbath worship on Satur
day. His training and education were strictly in the ortho
dox Jewish faith ; and it was not until pursuing his later
studies in Ihe universities that his mind was led lo a wider
field and more liberal and advanced vievvs. While a resi
dent of Leipsic he became a meraber of the German Ori
ental Society. Since his arrival in Ihe Uniled Stales he
has been- a contributor to The Jewish limes, of Nevv
York, and has written for the Chicago press various articles
upon religion, science, and oriental discoveries. In 1874
he delivered an essay on " Myth and Miracles " before the
Literaiy Club of Chicago. There are probably but ie-x men
in the counlry whose scholarship has been acquired and
ripened under such unsurpassed advantages; vvho.se studies
coraprehend such steady and prolonged application, extend
ing through a period of over sixteen years, and courses at
the three greatest universities of Continental Europe. He
was married in August, 1870, to the daughter of Rev. Dr.
Einhorn, of New York, the leader of Jewish reform in
America.

ANN,- SYLVESTER S., Merchant,, was born, May
31st, 1826, in Java, Wyoming county, Nevv York,
and is a son of Jaraes and Lucy (Sherraan) Mann.
His father was a hotel-keeper in good circura
slances, and bestowed upon his children the ad
vantages of a good education. In 1844 the faraily
removed to Illinois, and located at Burlington, in Kane
county, vvhere his father purchased a tract of about 1200
acres of land, and for two years Sylvester was employed
wdth his brother in farm labor. He then opened a store in
Burlington, wilh a partner in business, the firm-name being
Mann & Brown, and remained there until 1866, during
vvhich tirae, besides conducting his farra and a successful
raercantile enterprise, he occupied several prominent posi
tions. In 1856 he was elected Supervisor ofthe town, and
held Ihe office for seven years. In 1863-4 he was a repre
sentative to the State Legislature, and was one of the Re
publican merabers of that body who was active and instru
raental with his associates in bringing about the disagreeraent
between the House and Senate, which enabled Governor

48

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Yates to prorogue that General Assembly. He was re
elected, and served in that body in 1865-66. In the
autumn of Ihe latter year he removed to Elgin, and was
Revenue Collector of the Second District of Illinois for
about a year. In 1873 he was a third lime elected to the
Legislature, vvhere, as in previous terms, he acquitted him
self to the complete satisfaction of his constituents. He
has ever been an active promoter of the interests of the
Republican party, and instrumental in securing the passage
of many beneficial and local measures. Among these was
the incorporation and location of the Northern Illinois In
sane Asylura, which, through his untiring industry and per
severance, was located at Elgin. Although a resident of
that city, he still retains his farra and his interest in the
store at Buriington, which is under the immediate charge
of his brother; and his father continues to reside at the
last-named place, having reached the ripe age of eighty-two
years. Sylvester S. Mann is yet young, in the vigor of
manhood, and his histoiy doubtless lies largely in the
future ; yet, in his life thus far, he has been a diligent laborer
iu every matter, whether public or private. With untiring
patience he combines a determination to .succeed in what
ever he undertakes. He has a bold and progressive spirit,
well balanced by sound judgment; and has shown hiraself
corapetent and worthy in every position he has occupied ;
making an honorable reputation as a business man, a poli
tician or a citizen. He resides on Division street, Elgin,
in one of the finest messuages in the city. Pie was raarried
in 1850 to Caroline Young, and is surrounded by a pleasing
faraily of four children.

|RADY, L. D., Merchant and Banker, was born
January 19th, 1810, in Westchester county. State
of New York, of Araerican parentage; his an
cestry being traced to the first settleraent of the
colony, and the first residents of that section.
In 1822 he went to New York city wilh his
father, who had met wilh reverses in fortune, obliging the
son to leave school and earn his livelihood. For six years
he was a grocer's clerk, and at the age of eighteen com
menced business, in a small way, on his own account. He
steadily pursued his avocation until 1837, when he removed
to Big Rock, Kane county, Illinois, where he opened a farra,
cultivated it for two years, and then proceeded lo Little Rock
in the sarae county, where he engaged in a mercantile busi -
ness for a period of seven years. In 1848 he was elected
a member of the Legislalure. At that tirae one of the
questions agitating the counlry was the acquisition of addi
tional slave territory, to which he was determinedly opposed.
During his term of service in that body an election was
held for Uniled States Senator, and he had the pleasure
and honor of recording the first and only vote cast in the
Legislature of Illinois involving Ihat question, by giving his
vote for the Free Soil candidate, Hon. William B. Ogden, of

Chicago, who vvas then a prominent champion of Free Soil.
He also was the author of a charter for a railroad from
Aurora to Turner Junction, to connect wilh the Chicago
and Galena line, now the Chicago and Northwestern Rail
way. He afterwards assisted to complete and equip the
line. In the autumn of 1848 he removed to Aurora, and
became engaged with Hon. E. R. Allen, first in the mer
cantile and subsequently in the warehouse business, under
the firm-name of Brady & Allen : in the former branch he
was interested until within a few years past. In 1862 he
was a member of the firra of Brady, Hawkins & Allen,
who coramenced a banking business, which was merged,
during the ensuing year, into the First National Bank of
Aurora, which he also assisted to establish. A few years
later the Aurora Fire Insurance Company vvas established,
and its office located in the " Empire Block," which he had
erected in 1858. He was elected President of this coinpany,
and held that position until October, 1871, when, owdng to
the losses incurred by the great fire of Chicago, it ceased to
exist. It was at his suggestion that the first free schools,
outside of Chicago, vvere established by law in Aurora, and
the " Brady School " was so named for the interest he has
manifested in public education. He has no taste for public
office, though he has had some experience in that direction ;
but is deeply interested in any and all enterprises which
proraise to advance the interests of the city in which he has
so long resided. He is in the enjoyment of a competence,
and proposes to devote his future years to the society of his
friends, and to the -enjoyment derived from study and the
literature of the day. He was married in 1836 to Susanne
B. Fowler, who died in 1844. In the following year he
was uniled in marriage to Caroline Kennon, of Plallsburg,
New York, and has one son and four daughters living.

cDOWELL, WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON,
Soldier and Lawyer, was born March 6lh, 1840,
in Montgomery county, Indiana, during the mem
orable "hard cider" campaign, when General
Harrison was elected President. He is the son of
John and Elizabeth (Price) McDowell, the former
a Kentuckian by birth, and the latter a native of Ohio. His
ancestry is Scotch-Irish, and hia paternal grandfather was
born in the north of Ireland, and emigrated at an early day
to Virginia. His father and mother removed tb Indiana.
about 1830, and settled in Montgomery county, wdiere the
former died in 1842. His early support and training were
under the immediate supervision of his mother and eldest
brother, Isaac P. McDowell. During his early boyhood he
worked on the farm in the summer, and attended the dis
trict school in the winter months. In the fall of 1850 his
mother, wilh her faraily, removed to Livingstone county,
Illinois, where he repeated his former life, laboring during
the suramer, and studying during the inclement seasons of

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

49

the year, until the autumn of 1857, when, being desirous
of obtaining better educational advantages than were
afforded by that section, he returned to Indiana, and
entered the Thorntown Academy, Boone county, where he
pursued Ihe higher branches of education until the fall of
i860, when he returned to Illinois and taught in the dis
trict school of Livingston county during the winter of
1 860-1. In March, i85l, he again went lo Thorntown
Academy wilh the vievv of completing his studies, and
graduating. He had been in college but three days when
the Rebellion broke out. At the first call of President
Lincoln for troops he enlisted as a private in the 17th
Indiana Volunteer Infimliy, and went into carap at Indian
apolis, whence, July 3d, 1861, they were transferred to
Western Virginia, to Cheat Mountain via Parkersburg.
Owing to failing health he was sent lo the hospital, and
during the following winter was discharged from the ser
vice. He returned to Illinois, where he remained inactive
for some six raonths, when, having regained his health, and
another quota of troops being called for, he commenced
recruiting and drilling a company, which afterwards became
a portion of the I29lh Illinois Volunteers. He was raade
Sergeant-Major of the regiment, which was ordered to
Louisville, and thence through Kentucky via Frankfort,
Crab-Orchard — after Bragg — and Ihence back to Perryville,
where a heavy battle was fought. During Ihe summer of
1863 the regiment was stationed at Callalin, Tennessee, and
in the February preceding he had been promoted to a
lieutenancy, and was appointed to the comraand of a
battalion of mounted picked men, one hundred in number,
whose duties were to scour the country for a circuit of fifty
miles and disperse Ihe armed bands of guerillas vvho vvere
wounding and capturing Unionists. It was in this neigh
borhood that the noted guerilla chief. Captain Burton, vvas
successfully captured by Lieutenant McDowell, assisted by
fifteen picked raen, who crossed the Cumberland river in
canoes, and, guided by a faithful negro, effected the irapor
tant object of the secret expedidon, surprising Burton at a
house in the immediate vicinity of his camp. For Ihis
brave act, so successfully accoraplished, he received Ihe
warmest commendation f.om Brigadier-General .Sweet,
commander of the pest. During the winter of 1863-4,
vvhile his regiment was quartered at Nashville, he vvas sent
to Springfield, Illinois, on a recruiting expedition, and
rejoined his command in April, 1864, at Chattanooga, when
he took part in the carapaign against Atlanta, and was in
all the prominent engagements during Ihe siege. After the
fall of Atlanta he was detailed at headquarters of Ihe isl
Brigade, 3d Division, 20lh Array Corps, as an .Vide-de-
camp to the Brigadier-General commanding, and this posi
tion he held until mustered out of service, June, 1865, al
Washington, D. C. He vvas wilh Sherman on his famous
" March to the Sea," participating in all the skirmfshes and
engagements vvhich resulted in the capture of Savannah,
thence through the Carolinas lo Rolla, and vvas present at
7

the surrender of the rebel army under Johnson. On his
return to Illinois he took up his residence at Fairbury,
where he engaged in merchandising, and ,at Ihe same lirae
was studying law. Being admitted to the bar in 1869, he
disposed of his store and coramenced the practice of his
profession. In 1872 he reraoved lo Pontiac, where he still
resides, and has quite a lucrative and successful practice.
He has ever taken an active interest in polidcs, having
warraly espoused at an early day the Republican cause, and
advocated it by pen and mouth. He is a fluent writer, a
logical reasoner, and a good speaker, and in this latter
capacity he i^ largely depended upon during political cara
paigns. He is warmly interested also in religious instruc
tion and takes an active part in Sunday-school work. He
was married, Januaiy 1st, 1866, to Emma C, eldest daugh
ter of Professor Gilbert Thayer, of Jacksonville, Illinois.

UBBARD, WILLIAM G., Merchant, was born
December isl, 1804, in Providence, Rhode Island,
and is a son of Stephen and Zeruiah (Grosvenor)
Hubbard. When two years old his parents re
moved to Pomfret, Connecticut, and four years
later to Rome, Oneida county. New York. His
education was obtained in a private school, erected in part
by his father, who wilh other gendemen employed a teacher
for their children. When fifteen years old he left school to
enter a store, where he served for six years as merchant's
clerk. Having attained his majority, and by strict economy
saved enough to enable him to embark in business, he
established himself at Booneville, in the sarae county, where
he carried on a successful raercantile enterprise for ten
years. In the spring of 1835 he went to Illinois, reraaining
a short tirae in Chicago, and then located with his brother
in Livingston county, ancl together engaged in farming for
four years. Pie then returned to Chicago, where he re
mained neariy two years, and in 1843 removed to Elgin,
where he again engaged in selling goods. The tovvn vvas
then in its infancy, and it required all his energy and perse
verance to battle his vvay successfully through the many
difficulties which presented themselves in different shapes,
the most important being the scarcity of _ money. The
liraited facility for transportation was also another barrier lo
success, and vvhen the building of the Chicago & Galena
Railroad was projected he became at once deeply interested
in Ihe matter, and was appointed an agent of the company
lo solicit subscriptions of stock; and labored long and
ardently to accomplish this result. Pie remained in the
mercantile business until 1S61, when he retired from active
pursuits to enjoy the fruits of his energy and industry in
earlier life. Since his residence in Elgin he has been
greatly interested in Ihe political welfare of the Slate and
country ; but has always firmly refused and shunned all
attempts to place himself in a political office. Pie has ever

5°

-BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

been an enthusiastic and consistent advocate of anti-slavery
principles and of temperance, and by his personal example
has showm himself able to practice as well as to instruct.
He is a member of the Executive Committee of the State
Temperance Society. He is interested in the growth and
adornment ofthe city, and in 1874 erected a large block on
the corner of Chicago street and Douglas avenue. His
residence also is one of the handsomest buildings in Elgin,
and is situated in the northeastern part of the city. In
private life he is highly esteemed, and is wholly free from
ostentation. His manners are those of the genuine Western
man — fiank, genial, and kindly — and his success in life has
in no way changed him. Although on the shady side of
life, he is still active in attending to personal affairs. He
is one of Ihe Trustees of the Elgin Academy, in which in
stitution he takes a great interest. He was united in raar
riage to his first wife — Mary, daughter of Captain Peter
Schuyler, of Boonville, Oneida county, New York — in
1828; and after her decease, in 1839,10 Chariolte Wright,
of Kendall county, Illinois. He has a family of two
children.

BERT, ALBERT E., Pharmacist, was born,
December 23d, 1840, near Kissingen, Bavaria,
and is a son of George Francis and Anna B.
(Spahn) Eberl, formerly of that countiy, but who
emigrated to the United Stales in 1842, and
located in Chicago. His father was a horticul
turist and landscape gardener. Albert acquired his educa
tion in the public schools of Chicago, and when fifteen
years of age he entered the drug store of F. Scammon &
C^i. in Chicago, where he served an apprenticeship of three
years. He next engaged wilh Henry Bronold, a pharmacist
of Chicago, in order lo familiarize himself with the techni
cality of German pharmacy. He reraained in this estab
lishraent for two years, and in 1859 returned lo the old
house, which in the raeantirae had changed its proprietors
and was then conducted by Sargent & Ilsley. He here
assumed charge of the retail departraent of the house,
which had been largely extended by the senior partner;
and in that capacity he remained until 1861. The Chicago
College of Pharmacy was organized in 1859, and he be
came an attend.ant on the course of lectures delivered in
that institution, until its suspension in 1861. In Ihe last-
mentioned year he entered the employ of F. Mahla, a dis
tinguished Chicago chemist, wilh whora he remained for
two years. Then being determined to still further prose
cute Ihe study of the profession he had adopted, he repaired
to Philadelphia and commenced a course in the College of
Pharmacy in that city, graduating therefrom in 1864 at the
head of his class. During this time he also became a
student in the Medical Department of the University of
Pennsylvania. He furthermore was associated wilh Pro
fessor Edward Parrish in his School of Pharmficy, then in

operation, which had for its object the preparing and train
ing of young men who were applicants to the medical
departments of the army and navy, as well as of students
who were preparing for examination in medical colleges.
In this school he became an assistant to Professor Parrish,
and thus, while he was yet a student, he at the same lime
becarae a teacher. His duties, while connected with Pro
fessor Parrish, consisted of Ihe practical laboratory work,
and also lecturing on pharmacy, cheraistiy, and materia
medica. In the auturan of 1864 he returned West, pausing
on his way at Cincinnati, where he attended the meeting
of the American Pharmaceutical Association, and was then
elected a raeraber of that body. On his arrival in Chicago
he assumed charge 'of the business of his former employer,
E. H. Sargent. In the following year, through the efforts
'of the latter and others, including himself, the Chicago
College of Pharmacy was reorganized, of which he became
the Corresponding Secretary, which position he retained
until 1875, w'hen he tendered his resignation. In the fall
of 1867 he determined to go abroad in order to still further
extend his knowledge of his profession. He was chosen a
delegate from the United States to the International Con
gress of Pharmacists, which convened at Paris in July,
1867 ; and after attending the sessions of this celebrated
body, he repaired to Dundee, Scotland, to participate al the
annual meeting of the British Pharmaceutical Conference,
as a delegate from the Araerican Pharmaceutical Associa
tion, and was named by this body as one of its honorary
members. While in Europe he visited the various univer
sities, botanical gardens, and numerous places of a kindred
interest wilh his profession, and completed his researches in
this direction by entering the University of Munich as a
student, and becoming a pupil ofthe celebrated Liebig and
Wittstein, enjoying for a time the advantages of their
laboratory. In the autumn of 1868 he returned to Chicago,
where he commenced the drug business on his own account,
and which he has successfully conducted since. The pub
lication known as the " Pharmacist " was commenced
during this same year, 1868, and on his return he becarae
connected wilh it, contributing many valuable articles lo its
pages. In the year following, when the jouinal was
changed from a quarterly to a monthly, he became ils
editor, and assumed the sole charge of ils publication, which
position he relinquished in 1870, upon his election lo the
Professorship of Pharmacy in the Chicago College of Phar
macy. He was succeeded by N. Gray Bartlett as chief
editor, bnt he retained his connection with the publication
as associate editor until 1873, when he resumed its manage
raent, and has so continued to the present time. In ihe
proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical Association
he has ever taken the deepest interest, and has been one of
its most active members. He has acted as chairman of
many of ils most important standing coramillees, and was
chosen in 1868 one of the Vice-Presidents of that body.
In 1872, at its meeting in Cleveland, he was elected the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

51

presiding officer of the association for the ensuing year. To
its proceedings he has contributed many valuable papers
and reports, and has endeavored at all tiraes to av\'aken in
others a like spirit. To achieve this result more effectually,
on his retirement from the presidential chair, in 1873, he
donated the sum of $500, to be invested by the Executive
Commillee, and the interest accruing therefrom to be
annually awarded as prizw'to those who should contribute
to the .association valuable essays on original matter per
taining to the profession. In 1870 he was complimented
by the Cincinnati, Ontario, and California Colleges of
Pharmacy with honorary membership. In this year, also,
he became the -delegate from Ihe Chicago College of Phar
macy to the National Convention held for the revision of
the Uniled States Pharmacopoeia (being the fifth decennial
revision), and was appointed by this convention one of a
committee of fifteen for the final revision of the vvork. The
Botanical Gardens of Chicago were inaugurated, November
28lh, 1874, by the South Park Commissioners, who selected
hira as a member of the Board of Managers. His contribu
tions to 'the literature of the profession, together with his
original investigations, form a conspicuous characteristic of
his untiring efforts to disseminate a useful and coraprehen
sive knowledge of pharmacy to Ihose less favored by loca
tion and opportunities. His well-known and sometimes
fierce opposition to quackery, in whatever forra il has
appeared, has at tiraes caused him lo be the target for un
scrupulous attack. In no position, hovvever, has Ihe
energy and mental vigor of the raan been raore successful
than in his conflicts wilh erapiricism. As a raember of the
Chicago Academy of Science, and other kindred associa
tions, he has been found ever in the ranks of the progres
sive men. His career is a very excellent commentaiy on
what may be accomplished by a young man seriously in
earnest, even with ordinary advantages of early education,
and affords a salutary example to American youth vvho aim
to make the best use of whatever advantages they possess ;
showing thai a faithful discharge of duly and a proper use
of energy are not unrewarded even in these days of traffic
and the selfish ijursuit of riches.

, LLEN, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Physician and
Landowner, was born of Nevv England parentage,
in Watertown, Jefferson county, New York, on
Deceraber I2lh, 1815. His early life was spent
upon a farm located on the banks of the beautiful
river St, Lawrence, wilh only the advantages of
a coramon school education ; but after attaining his major
ity he returned to his native place, and for five or six years
was a student at Black River Literary and Religious Insti
tute, besides pursuing his medical studies under the direc
tion of Dr-. H<annibal S. Dickerson. In 1841-42 he^
attended courses of lectures at Geneva Medical Collegt

perfect himself in the profession he had chosen, and in Ihe
suramer of 1844 emigrated to Illinois prepared to begin
practice.: During the subsequent winter he made the
acquaintance of a young widow lady, relict of Judge John
J. Davi.son, who had been left wilh two alraost infant
daughters and an estate, the settlement and management of
which required no little attention. This lady he married
in the spring of 1845, satisfactorily perforraed the duties of
administrator of the estate, and, jointly with his wdfe, those
of guardian of her infant daughters. He lived on a farm
four railes from Joliet, in the township of Lenox, Will
county, till in the spring of 1 86 1 he built a residence in
Joliet City, which, with his family, he has since occupied,
and where he now (1875) resides. He has never been in
the accepted sense ofthe terra an office-seeker; and though
he has had, during the course of his life in the West, office
of sorae sort thrust upon him by his friends and admirers,
still in almost every instance these offices have been such
.as Town Clerk, Supervisor, School Inspector, County
.School Superintendent, etc., more onerous than remunera
tive. His present pursuits are those of a country gentle-
ra,in, looking after his tenants, attending meetings of the
Directors of Will County National Bank, gratifying his
tastes for floriculture, and during his leisure hours corapos
ing articles in prose and verse, which, through the channel
of the local press, have contributed not a little lo Ihe
amusement and instruction of his fellow-citizens. In
politics he was born and raised a Deraocrat, although now
identified with the Independent Anti-Monopoly organiza
tion, of vvhich, in 1S73, he vvas chosen chairraan of the
commillee appointed to draft ils platform in Will county,
and this draft was unanimously and without alteration
adopted in convention. Dr. Allen is a raeraber of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and in an essential degree is
entitled lo the respect vvhich his blameless character has
gained for him. Plis salient points, integrity and honor,
give hira great influence, which he exerts for good in every
phase, more especially in Ihe cause of teraperance ; being its
consistent advocate, besides having acted as president of
various organizations for ils furtherance.

HETLAIN, JOHN LOUIS, Farraer and Pioneer
Settler, was born, 1797, in Berne, Switzerland,
and emigrated lo America in 1820, locating at
the British settlement, afterwards named Selkirk,
at Ihe Red river of the North, Lord Selkirk
being the founder of the colony. He reraained
in that region about two years, and then, in company wilh
eleven others, crossed the country to the Mississippi river,
which he descended lo St. Louis, then a small tovvn. He
remained in -that place about two years, and Ihence pro
ceeded, in 1826, lo Ihe vicinity of Galena, where he com-
enced ^lining lead, and followed that occupation for two

52

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

years with very indifferent success. He afterwards became
a teamster, hauling lead and " raineral " for Ihe rainers and
smellers to and from the Gratiot Furnace and Galena. In
1833 here moved to the tovvn, now city, of Galena, which
was then termed " Fever river settlement," being a corrup
tion of Feve or La Fievre : the river is now generally
regarded as a bayou of the Mississippi. He here rented a
farm, where he remained about two years. In 1835 he
purchased Maple Grove farm, on the Galena road, at two
railes distance from the present city, in a northwest direc
tion. The property was then of two hundred acres in
extent, which was increased in 1870 by the purchase of a
contiguous tract of forty acres. He died there, August
17th, 1872, in his seventy-sixth year. He had a faraily of
len children, four of whora were sons, one of whom died
young. Two of his sons, Frederick and Henry B., still
manage the farm, and the third is General Augustus Louis
Chetlain, who, on the outbreak of the rebellion, enlisted in
the 95lh Regiraent of Illinois Volunteers, and served wilh
distinction throughout the war. He is now President of
the Home National Bank of Chicago.

I O.SWORTH, INCREASE C, Merchant, was born,
April 2d, 1812, in Greenfield, Saratoga county.
New York, and is a son of Alfred and Olive
(Child) Bosworth. He was educated in the
coramon schools of the town, and being an apt
scholar, vvhen he had completed his studies was
employed by the town as teacher during two succeeding
winters; while during the suramer he labored on the farm.
In October, 1836, he went to Chicago and became a clerk
in the store of Edwards & Bosworth, his brother-in-law and
brother composing the firm. They dissolved in 1838, and
his brother-in-law and himself reraoved to Dundee, Kane
county, where they opened a general countiy store. They
carried on this business very successfully for fourteen years,
at the expiration of which period they divided their prop
erty and business. I. C. Bosworth reraained at the old
stand and associated his nephew, F. S. Bosworth, in part
nership wilh him, who together operated the concern for
fourteen years longer. In 1867 the firm vvas dissolved and
the senior partner reraoved to Elgin, where he erected a
large and handsorae block of buildings, opened a dry-goods
store and carried it on successfully until 1873, when he left
the business to his sons and retired frora active pursuits.
During his residence both at Dundee and Elgin he has
occupied several positions of trust, and has acted as super
visor of both places. Al the lirae that the governraent sur
veyed the lands in Dundee much difficulty ensued con
cerning the boundary lines of farms in Ihat town, the sur
veys changing ihem so much as to render il impossible for
the farraers to retain the land that ihey had claimed and
improved. Appreciating the situation he devised a plan

which settled the matter satisfactorily to all concerned ; and
this was acted upon by him. He purchased the entira
tracts of land embraced in the several claims and conveyed
the separate parcels lo the owners, thereby saving much
trouble and costly litigation. Immediately after his retire
ment from business he made the tour of Europe, visiting
the principal cities of Great Britain and the Continent, and
returned home rauch benefited by the trip. Since his resi
dence in Elgin he has been prominent in public affairs, and
still holds many positions of honor and trust; among others
he is Alderman of the Second Ward ; Vice-President of the
Home National Bank ; President of the Public Libraiy of
Elgin, and was one of the originators and founders of that
institution. He is also one of the Trustees of the Chicago
University, and also of the Theological Seminaiy in the
same city. He has taken an energetic part in political
movements, first as an old-line Whig, and latterly as a
Republican, laboring earnestly lo promote Ihe success and
advancement of that organizalioii. Financially he h.as
been one of the most successful merchants in the North
west. He owns considerable real estate in Elgin and
vicinity, and has recently erected a handsome residence on
the east side of the city at a cost of ;j20,ooo. Pie was mar
ried, in Deceraber, 1844,10 Mary A., daughter of Dr. Root,
of Elgin, and has three sons and one daughter.

ILLSBURY, HON. NATHANIEL JOY, Lawyer
and Judge of the Thirleenlh Judicial Circuit of
Illinois, was born, October 21st, 1834, in York
county, Maine. His parents were in moderate
circumstances. The facilities for obtaining an
education in that section were then veiy meagre,
being limited to but four weeks in the year at the district
school ; but during some winters he obtained the privilege
of attending other schools in adjoining districts, paying for
the sarae as if it were a private school. In 1850 he was
eraployed in the York corporation, a manufacturing com
pany at Saco, Maine, where he remained until the sprirg
of 1855, when, broken in health by reason of hemorrhage
of the lungs, he repaired to Illinois, hoping that by change
of residence and another climate he might recuperate his
wasted strength. In 1858 he removed to Livingston county,
vvhere he epened up a farra, on which he resided until April,
1863. He then entered the law office of Samuel S. Flem
ming, at Pontiac, the shire town of Ihe county, as a law
student, and made rapid progress in his reading, and was
admitted to the bar after pursuing the usual course pre
scribed. He thereupon coraraenced the practice ofhis pro
fession, in which he had a raarked degree of success. In
1869 he was elected as one ofthe delegates from the Forty-
fourth District — coraposed of the counties of Lasalle and
Livingston — to the Constitutional Convention. In June,
1873, at the first election forjudges under the new constitu-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

53

tion, he was elec*:d Judge of the Thirteenth Judici.al Cir-
ctut of the Slate, composed of Ihe counties of Livingston,
Iroquois, and Kankakee, which position he yet retains.
He is regarded by the community vvhere he resides as a
man of great legal ability and a most estimable citizen.

''APEN, LUMAN W., Merchant and Bank Cashier,
was born, .September I3lh, 1807, in Cayuga
county. New York. When he was fourteen years
old his parents removed to Western New York,
at that period only on the borders of civilization,
the counlry being very sparsely settled and many
of the inhabitants Indians. Opportunities for education
were meagre, bul he was taught both by his mother and by
the schools in session during the winter season. His father
had been deprived of his eyesight several years before his
son's birth, and to aid in the support of Ihe family the latter
taught school three wdnlers before attaining his majority.
In 1828 he went to Seneca Falls, New York, and was
employed as a clerk in a dry-goods store, where he con
tinued eighteen months and then entered into business on
his own account. About a year afterwards he removed lo
Union Springs, Cayuga county, and became junior member
of the firm of Hoskins & Capen. In 1855, after having
been nearly twenty-five years a raember of that firm, he
made a three months' tour of the West and Northwestern
Slates and Territories, with a view of settling, and finally
decided lo locate at Bloomington, Illinois, vvhere he has
since resided. For one year he was engaged in farraing,
and afterwards became interested in the crockery and
glassware business at Bloomington and Decatur, in connec
tion with his eldest son, raost of the lime importing their
goods. In the spring of 1869 he disposed ofhis interest in
these two establishments, and in the autumn of the same
year became Cashier of the Phoenix Savings, Loan, and
Trust Corapany's Bank, which position he still holds.
While a resident of New York State he joined the Presby
terian Church at Union Springs, and shortly afterwards was
elected Ruling Elder and Treasurer, both of vvhich offices
he has held for raany years. He has also been a delegate
to sundry synods and presbyteries, and also has been several
times a Comraissioner to the General Assembly. During
the existence of slavery he was an acting station agent of
an " underground railroad " at Union .Springs for several
years. He vvas appointed during the rebellion, by the
Common Council of Bloomington, alraoner of the funds
devoted to the relief of soldiers' farailies and widows, and
the duties consumed the greater part of his tirae. At the
close of the war he received a public vote of thanks for his
services. He w<as also intru.sted wilh the distribution of
the funds raised by the county for the sarae object. He
has been al all times a raost humane, generous, and useful
citizen, ever active in promoting the welfare and happiness

of those needing sympathy and assistance. He was mar
ried in 1830 to Sibbel Hoskins, sister of his partner in
business; she died in 1842. He was a second lime vi'eddcd,
in 1844, to Eliza Munger, of Auburn, New York.

EIRCE, HON. WILLIAM PALMER, Legislator
and Physician, of Le Mont, Cook county, vvas
born in Villenova, Chautauqua county. New York,
on March 25lh, 1830. He was educated at the
Academy, now State Normal School, at Fredonia,
in the same county, and pursued the study of
medicine and .surgery wdlh his father, the late Hon. Austin
Peirce. He graduated in the University of New York city
in the class of 1852, and in the fall ofthal year comraenced
practice at Coldwater, near Holly Springs, Mississippi,
where he remained until 1856. Believing frora the inten
sity of sectional feeling prevailing in the South by reason of
the Kansas troubles, that he foresaw a great collision at
arms in the near future, and being under an unpleasant
espionage on account of his outspoken Union sentiments,
he removed to Illinois, and settled at Lisbon in Kendall
county. On the l8lh of Deceraber, 1856, he was raarried
to Mary H. F. Rood, eldest daughter of Levi H. Rood, of
Sheridan, La Salle county. On the breaking out of Ihe
rebellion Dr. Peirce at once coramenced raising and drilling
a company for the militaiy service in defence of the Union,
and on the 15th of July, 1861, enrolled it as Company D,
36lh Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He served in
the capacity of Captain of his company until, in 1862, the
necessity for a greater increase of the medical and surgical
force of the service became so apparent and pressing that
he felt it his duty to accept a detail as Assistant Surgeon of
his regiment, and soon afterwards a promotion to the posi
tion of Surgeon ofthe 88th Illinois Infantry, more coraraonly
known as the " Second Board of Trade Regiment."
Through the partiality of his brigade coramander, Ihe lale
General William A. Lyde, and in defiance of the rule of
seniority, he was selected as Brigade Surgeon, and was by
Ihe side of that brilliant and irrepressible soldier when he
received his fatal wound -on the bloody field of Chicka
mauga, Septeraber 20lh, 1863. Dr. Peirce was then de
tailed for service on the Operating Board of Ihe 2d Division
4th Array Corps, at the sanguinary engagements at Chatta
nooga, Missionary Ridge, and the campaign against At
lanta, and continued lo act in that capacity, or as Brigade
Surgeon of the ist Brigade of that Division, until the close
of the w.ar. Although during his military service he was
called upon, by reason of service in different capacities, to
become accountable for large quantities of property, con
sisting of quarlerraaslers' supplies, ordnance, tents, and
carap equipages, hospital supplies and instruraents, trans
portation for the sick and wounded, etc., etc., amounting in
all lo hundreds of thousands of dollars; yet so accurate

54

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

were his accounts that at the close of the war he was able
in a few weeks to settle wilh the Auditor of the Treasury,
and obtain his receipt in full for every article which had
passed through his hands. In 1866 he was selected to
represent his county in the State Legislalure. His service
in that capacity was characterized by faithfulness and in
flexible integrity. Two years subsequently the noraination
was again pressed upon him and was sternly refused ; but
ir. 1869 he was almost unaniraously chosen as a delegate to
the Convention of 1 869-70, called to revise the State Consti
tution. In that memorable body his industiy, faithfulness,
and skill in debate soon gave him prominence, and many
clauses and sections in that model instrument bear the
impress of his genius. The questions relating to Ihe power
of municipalities to vote aid lo corporations for the purpose
of building railroads, were, after several weeks of angry
debate, settled by hira in a half hour's speech, and the Con
vention wilh great unanimity adopted, and the people
subsequently ratified his separate clause upon that subject,
now a part of the present State Constitution. His most
remarkable public document was a report to that Conven
tion as Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations,
relating lo the power of a Stale to limit or restrict, by con
stitutional provision or otherwise, the power of ils Legisla
ture to act upon proposed amendments to the Constitution
of the United States. This question was discussed so
clearly and logically in his paper as, to call out coraraenda
tions frora many of the best thinkers of Ihe State. In 1S70
he was elected a raember of the Slate Senate, in which
body he took a leading p"rl, serving on some of the most
important committees, and was at once acknowledged as
belonging in the front rank in that body. Dr. Peirce is
First Vice-President of the Illinois State Medical Society,
and was recently the Chairman of the Committee on Sur
gery. His report in that capacity, published in " The
Transactions" for 1874, is a model of close and logical
reasoning. He has also written with great clearness upon
fractures and malpractice.

^[LLETT, PHILIP GOODE, LL. D., Principal of
the Illinois Institution for the Education of the
Deaf and Dumb, was born in Madison, Indiana,
March 24th, 1833, his father being Samuel
Trumbull Gillett. His mother's family vvere
among the founders of the first sellleraenls on the
Jaraes river, Virginia. His father was early attached to
the United States navy, and during his attachment to the
Mediterranean squadron visited the Ploly Land, vvhere he
received religious irapressions which changed the tenor of
his life. He resigned frora the service and enrolled him
self as an idnerant ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church, and
for thirty-five years, up lo the present time, has faithfully
pursued this higher calling. Plis son Philip was educated

at Indiana Asbury University, Greencastle, Indiana, where
he graduated in 1852. He accepted the offer of a position
in the faculty of the Indiana Institution for the Education
of the Deaf and Dumb, and entered upon its duties in
October, 1852. In April, 1856, he was selected as Principal
ofthe Illinois Institution for the Education ofthe Deaf and
Durab, located at Jacksonville, and upon his arrival he
found it disorganized by acriraonious controversy, its pupils
scattered, its faculty broken, and the entire fabric under a
heavy cloud of embarrassments. Out of this general wreck,
by skill and undaunted labor, he re-erected the institution
upon a sounder basis, secured new and better buildings,
established a wholesome discipline, and adopted a course
of study which was most adapted to the peculiar needs of
the unfortunates for whose benefit the charity was intended.
The Slate now grants it a liberal support, and Ihe last
report of an examining comraittee of the Legislature was
of the most favorable character, and flattering in its tribute
lo the talent and energy of its principal, whose efforts of pen
and voice vvere directed towards arousing popular sympathy
for the inmates ofthe institution. He vvas President of the
International Sabbath-School Convenlirn, which, in 1872,
held its triennial meeting at Indianapolis, and was selected
as a member of the International Commillee, whose dutv it
is lo designate a seven years' course of study in Ihe Sacred
Scriptures. In 1865 he succeeded in establishing by legis
lative aid an experimental school for the education of feeble
minded children, and became its superintendent. He has
been an active Sabbath-School worker, and vvas one of a
few gentleraen who secured the adoption of a general svs-
lera of county associations of Sabbath-Schools. In 1871
his alraa mater, Indiana Asbury College, conferred on him
the honorary degree of LL. D. He was married May 2d,
1854, to Ellen M. Phipps, daughter of Isaac Phipps, a
prominent citizen of Indianapolis, and is the father of five
children. ANN, DANIEL, Sui-veyor of Customs al Galena,
was born, April 3d, 1799, in Harford county,
Maryland, and is a son of John and Susannah
(Reinhardl) Wann. His father was a soldier of
the Revolutionary war. He received his educa
tion in Ihe common schools, and in 1812 became
a clerk in a counlry store. He subsequently went lo Balti
more, where he was variously eraployed until 1821. In
1825 he was established in business there, having associ
ated himself wdth E. Lille as general merchants, vvhich
firra la-Sled for four years. After the dissolution of the co
partnership he reraoved to Galena, Illinois, where he
embarked in a general mercantile business, and also com
menced mining and smelting: in the latter he was very
extensively engaged. He continued his operations, being
frequently engaged in various pursuits, until 1838, when he
finally retired from active business life. During the Black

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

55

Hawk War of 1831-32, he served in the milida. He was
chairman of the coraraission appointed by the government
for surveying and adjusting titles to the town lots of Galena.
Pie filled the office of Mayor of the city during 1842 and
1843. In 1853 he was appointed Surveyor of Customs for
the port of Galena, and remains in that position, having
been retained through all the different administrations.

OTSFORD, RICHARD NICHOLS, Lawyer and
Judge, was born October 28ih, 1830, in Newtown,
Fairfield county, Connecticut, and is a son of
Austin N. and Volucia (Glover) Botsford. When
he was eleven years old his father died, and he
was thus deprived at an early age of his natural
guide and protector. His preliminary studies were in the
schools of his native town ; in 1 845 he entered the Hobart
Academy, at Hobart, New York, where he remained three
years, and where by his close application to study he laid
the foundation of that success v\'hich has attended him in
latler years. He then returned to Connecticut, and subse
quently entered the Slate Normal School at New Britain to
prepare himself for the profession of teacher; he passed
two years in that institution, receiving a thorough training
by the best faculty in the State. Having deterrained to
make the Western countiy his field of action, he located at
St. Charles, Kane county, Illinois, in 1851, and commenced
his career by leaching in the public schools of that town.
He subsequently taught in Missouri and elsewhere until
1 856, when he began the study of the law with C. C. Cope, at
Black River Falls, Wisconsin, and was admitted to the bar
in 1857. ITe then returned to St. Charles, where he pur
chased the printing-office there, and edited and published
the St. Charles Argus for about a year. Subsequently he
disposed of the concern, and opened a law-office in partner
ship with D. L. Eastman, in which both were very success
ful. At the expiration of this tirae his partner died, and he
then associated wdth hira S. S. Jones, who is now the edi
tor and publisher of the Religio- Philosophical Journal
of Chicago. This partnership lasted until 1865. Mean
while, in 1861, R. N. Botsford was elected Judge of the
Kane county court, and held the office four years, during
which tirae many important cases were tried before hira,
and his decisions were generally satisfactory to the public.
After his retirement from the judicial bench he continued
the practice of law alone until 1867, when he removed to
Elgin and formed a copartnership with Joseph Healy. The
firm has subsequently been known as Botsford, Barry &
Healy ; also, Botsford, Barry & Lovell ; and, at the present
tirae, Botsford, Bariy & Wilcox. He hiis always been an
active politician, and has delivered many able addresses
during various campaigns. Being reared in the school of
Democracy he has adhered to that party through all ils
varying fortunes, and has contributed much to its aid. As

a lawyer he is one of the most successful in the Northwest,
and financially his career has been eminently prosperous.
The present firra wilh which he is connected is regarded as
the ablest in the county, and acts as counsel for the Chicago
& Northwestern Railroad Corapany, and also for the Elgin
National Watch Company, in all cases in that section.
The senior partner is an eloquent speaker, kindly in his
feelings, courteous in all the relations of life, firm and
gentle, just and honorable in his dealings, a ripe scholar,
and an accomplished gentleman. He was married, in
i860, to Ellen Bundy, of St. Charles, and has two children.

ATES, ROSWELL WILDER, Real Estate Bro
ker, w.as born August 29lh, 1834, in Antwerp,
Jefferson county. State of New York, and is the
eldest child of America and Caroline (Wilder)
Gales, the former a native of New Hampshire,
and the latler of Vermont. In 1838 the family
reraoved to Aurora, Illinois, and Ihere he was educated,
bul was obliged at the age of fourteen years to leave school
on account of a severe attack of inflammation of the eyes,
vvhich rendered hira alraost totally blind for a period of six
raonths. When sixteen years old he entered the dry-goods
store of J. S. Plawley as a clerk ; after remaining there
about a year he effected an engagement vvith Ihe firm of
Anderson, Boutwell & Co., dry-goods and grocery merchants,
as book-keeper and cashier, but owing to ill-health was
obliged to change his business when he had been in their
employ nearly twelve months. In the spring of 1856 he
went to California, vvhere he sojourned nearly three years,
during a part of which lirae he was in the employ of the
Pacific Express Company. On the failure of the company
he turned his attention to the mining regions, but as this
occupation and its concomitants did not agree with his
taste he returned to Aurora in the autumn of 1858. During
the-two ensuing years he was occupied in settling the estate
of his grandfather, the late Roswell Wilder, whose bio
graphical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume. Subse
quently he took the agency, for Kane county, of the Wheeler
& Wilson Sewing Machine Company, and was very success
ful in that business for eight years. In 1868 he retired from
this employment and turned his attention to real estate
transactions, combined with the study of law, and, although
he has not been regularly adraitted to the bar, he has raade
himself fully competent to plead a case. In his real estate
operations he has been remarkably successful and accumu
lated a respectable competence. In i860 he was elected
Alderman of the second ward of Aurora, and held the posi
tion for four consecutive years. The " city " was then in
its infancy, and much mental and physical labor devolved
on the members of its municipal governraent, as well as a
large amount of responsibility concerning the future welfare
and prosperity ofthe community. In 1869 he was elected

56

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

City Clerk, which office he held for three years. He was
one of Ihe originalors of the Aurora Agricultural and Horti
cultural Society, which was incorporated during the last-
named year, and of which he has been the secretary frora
its commencement. He was one of the founders of the
Aurora City Library ; and in all matters of public interest
has ever been among the foremost. He has been a delegate
to neariy every county and State convention since i860;
and at the present time is a Justice of the Peace, and United
States Commissioner, He is a prominent member of the
Masonic order, and is a man of very high standing in social
and business life. He was married in 187 1 to Hermione
L., daughter of Hiram Hill, of Aurora.

1 HEATON, CHARLES, Lawyer, was born May
29th, 1829, in Warren, Bristol county, Rhode
Island, and is a son of Nathan M. and Content
(Maxwell) Wheaton. His father was a promi
nent merchant in Warren, and spared no pains
in the education of his son, who, at an early age,
displayed a great fondness for reading, and was allowed
every advantage that could be obtained. He was educated
al Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, where he gradu
ated in July, 1849, with high honors. He subsequently
read law with Benjamin F. Thomas, at Worcester, Massa
chusetts, and was there admitted lo the bar in 1851. He
practised there until 1854, when he reraoved to Illinois,
locating first at Batavia, where he sojourned for five years,
and Ihence proceeded, in 1859, to Aurora, opened an office
there, and continued his practice with unequalled success
up to the present lirae. In 1864 he was elected Mayor of
the city on the Prohibition ticket, but after holding the
offi.ce one raonth resigned the posidon, the board of alder-
raen being composed of " License men,'' and in antagonism
to his principles, and he could not occupy the executive
chair under such a state of things; for being a consistent
temperance raan, desirous of putting a stop to the sale of
ardent spirits in Aurora, he only accepted the office of
Mayor wilh the understanding that he was to have full
power. He was Supervisor of the town for five years, and
was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1870.
In 1873 he opened an office in Chicago, and has since
divided his lime between that city and Aurora. Since his
residence in Aurora he has contributed much towards
promoting the interests of the community. His position
in society and in his profession is of the highest grade,
and financially he rjinks among the affluent men of the
city. In personal appearance he is somewhat below the
raedium height, of light complexion, wilh a sharp, pierc
ing blue eye, and is possessed of an active, restless dispo
sition, I-Ie was married in July, i860, lo Sarah H.
Brewster.

ALMER, JOHN McAULEY, Lawyer and Soldier,
was born on Eagle Creek, Scott county, Ken
tucky, September 13th, 1817. His father, Louis
D. Palmer, emigrated to Kentucky from North
umberland county, Virginia, in the year 1793,
and was married in 1813 to Ann Tutt, a native
of Culpepper county, Virginia. The ancestors of the family
were from England, and araong the earliest settlers of Vir
ginia. The elder Palmer (a soldier in the war of 1812)
removed to Christian county at the time of the birth of
John McAuley Palmer. Here his childhood was spent,
attending a neighboring school in winter and rendering
assistance upon the farm in the summer. He here received
a common school education. His father, an ardent Jackson
man, was also an earnest opponent of huraan slavery, and
thoroughly irapressed his opinions upon his children, the
family being at that time known as warm anti-slavery
Democrats. In 1831 the opinions of the elder Palraer
deterrained him to emigrate to the free States, and in that
year he removed to Madison county, Illinois, and setded
about ten miles from Alton. The labor of improving the
farm occupied the tirae until 1833, when the death ofthe
mother broke up the family. In the spring of 1834 John
McAuley and his elder brother, Elihu, who has since be
come a minister of the gospel, and is noted for his learning
and eccentricities, entered Alton College, which vvas organ
ized and opened upon the " manual labor system." They
were almost without money, but in its place were possessed
of most sanguine hopes. Several raonths were thus spent,
and in the fall of 1835 he graduated for the want of money
to further prosecute his studies. From this time unul the
spring of 1839 he spent his time in a variety of ways. For
a while he worked with a cooper, then he became a peddler,
and finally, in the fall of 1838, being then in Fulton county,
Illinois, he was invited to take charge of a district school
near Canton, vvhere he taught " two quarters " to the appar
ent satisfaction of his patrons. During this time he had
been a constant reader of histoiy, poetiy, novels, sermons,
and newspapers, and had amassed a respectable but most
illy arranged store of knowledge. In the sumraer of 1838
he cast his first vote for the Democratic ticket, the late
Senator Douglas being a candidate for Congress. The
acquaintance of the rising statesman, by inflaming young
Palmer's ambition and spurring him lo effort, probably gave
stability to his purpose, and tended to shape his future
course in life. During the winter of 1838 he obtained a
copy of " Blackstone's Commentaries " and commenced a
desultory reading, with a view to the study of law, and in
the spring of 1839 he entered the office of John L. Great-
house, then a lawyer of considerable standing al Carlinville,
Macoupin county. On arriving at Carlinville, having
walked thither from St. Louis, his entire stock of raoney
consisted of ^14, and his wardrobe an indifferent suit of
clothes and an extra shirt. Plere he found his brother
Elihu, who was married and preaching to a congregation

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

57

in Carlinville. This brother, like himself, careless of
money, but full of hope, advised him to remain in that place
and pursue his studies, offering to board him with rather an
indefinite understanding as to the payment in return, and
accordingly, as we have stated, he entered the office of Mr.
Greathouse. In less than two raonths after this, at the
request of leading Democratic politicians, he became a
candidate for the office of County Clerk. He engaged
actively in the canvass — becoming involved in local politics
to such an extent that he has never since been able to extri
cate himself — but was defeated by a majority of 121 votes.
In December, 1839, he obtained a license to practice as an
attorney and counsellor at law. Judge Douglas took rauch
interest in the application, and wrote the license, which is
still carefully preserved. Upon his return to Carlinville he
was not at once successful, and the only reason that he did
not seek a new home was from inability to pay his debts.
Often since then has he said that this early poverty lies at
the foundation of whatever success he afterward attained.
In 1840 he participated in the canvass for President, sup
porting Mr. Van Buren. In Deceraber, 1842, he was raar
ried. In 1843 elected Probate Justice of the county. In
1847 ''^ w^^ elected to the Illinois State Constitutional Con
vention, and at the same election was defeated for Probate
Justice by a combination formed against him. In 1848, his
victorious competitor having resigned, he was again elected
by a large majendty. In 1849 the new Constitution was
adopted and he was elected County Judge, in which office
he continued until 1 851, when he was elected to the Stale
Senate. In 1852-3-4 he attended the sessions of that body.
In the latler year he opposed the Nebraska bill. In 1855
he was' re-elected lo the Senate, and warmly supported
many iraportant measures, such as the free school system,
horaestead law, etc. In 1856 he was a meraber and Presi
dent of the first Illinois Republican State Convendon, held
at Blooraington. He was also a delegate to the National
Republican State Convention, and advocated the noraina
tion of Judge McLean, though personally preferring Fre
mont. He entered actively into the canvass, exerting hira
self for Freraont, having resigned his seat in the Slate
Senate, upon the ground that, having changed his political
connections after his election, self-respect and a proper regard
for the true principles of a representative governraent de
manded such a course. In 1857 and '58 he was engaged
in State politics, and in 1859 was norainated for Congress
but was defeated. In i860 he was elected Elector-at-Large
on Ihe Republican ticket, and cast his vote for Abraham
Lincoln. In 1861 he was a delegate to the Peace Congress
at Washington, and favored measures of coraproraise
adopted by Ihe conference. When the second call for
troops was made he came forward as a coramon citizen and
soldier, regardless of great horae interest, and was unani-
mous'y elected Colonel ofthe 14th Illinois Volunteers. After
moving vvith his command from Jacksonville to sundry
points in Missouri, he was assigned the comraand of a

brigade by General Plunter, which formed part of General
Pope's expedidon to Milford, which captured a large num
ber of rebel prisoners. On the 20th of October he was
commissioned Brigadier-General. He commanded a di
vision and look part in the operations before New Madrid
and Island No. 10. After the capture of Island No. 10
General Pope's forces proceeded down the river to Fort
Pillow, which was bombarded for some days without any
definite result. On the 20th of April they landed at Ham
burg, on the Tennessee river, and General Pope in re
organizing his corps assigned General Palmer to the com
mand of the 1st Brigade, ist Division of the Array of
Ihe Mississippi, coraposed of Ihe 22d, 27lh, 42d and 51st
Illinois, and Hikock's Battery. After seeing a great deal
of active service he was taken very ill, and on the 29lh of
May was ordered home by General Pope, where he con
tinued until the 1st of August, when he took part in the
efforts made to raise troops, and under the authority ofthe
Governor pf Illinois organized the I22d Illinois Regiment
at Carlinville. On the 25lh of August he left home, and
on the Ist of Septeraber reached Tuscurabia, Alabama,
vvhere he was assigned by General Rosecrans to the com
mand of the 1st Division of the Army of the Mississippi,
and ordered to join Buell — the Ist and 2d Brigades were
concentrated at Decatur under General Palmer, and reached
Athens the 6th of Septeraber. After active operations in
this neighborhood, they arrived in Nashville on the nth of
September. During the so-called blockade of Nashville
by the rebel forces of Wheeler, Morgan and other com
manders, for a period of several weeks. Generals Negley's
and Palmer's forces were the occupants and defenders of
the city. In the awful scenes of Stone river General Palmer
acted a conspicuous part, which vvas personally recognized
and complimented by General Rosecrans. For the gal
lantry and skill displayed by General Palmer upon this oc
casion, in connection with his career as a patriot and sol
dier, he was norain.ated and confirmed as Major-General,
his commission dating from the battles at Slone river.

^41 "^OWN, HON. WILLIAM SCOTT, Lawyer, was
I'JjL^ born at Lyons, New York, January 2gth, 1821,
Ui I '^""^ moved lo Chicago in 1835, while it was yet a
little frontier village. He received a good classi
cal education at Genesee Seminary, in Living
ston county. New York, and the college of tha'
name at that place subsequently conferred on hira the hon
orary degree of Master of Arts. He corapleted his legal
studies, which he had commenced in early youth, with the
celebrated firm of Butterfield & Collins, at Chicago, and
Was admitted lo the bar at the age of nineteen. Judges Theo
philus W. Smith and Stephen A. Douglas of the Supreme
Court, the two greatest raen that ever lived in the Stale of
Illinois, signing his license. He delivered the first 4th of

58

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

July oration ever pronounced in Cook county, in which
Chicago is situated, and the address was published in para
phlet form by the then publishers of the Tribune newspaper.
Thinkincr the prospect for business in the future was belter
farther West, he emigrated to Jackson county, Iowa, in the
spring of 1843, ^"<1 ^'^ elected Judge of that county the
following October. He delivered the first 4th of July
oration and the first agricultural address ever pronounced
in that county, the former at a place called " Goodnough's,"
near the Maquokala, and was published by Ihe Miner's Ex
press, at Dubuque, Ihe only newspaper then in northern
Iowa ; tbe latler in the little log court-house at Andrew,
the county seat. He returned to Chicago after two years'
absence and was elected City Clerk. On the breaking out
of the. unpopular Mexican War he materially aided in rais
ing three companies of volunteers, and one whole company,
of which he was elected Captain ; but being subsequently
appointed by -President Polk Assistant-Commissaiy of Sub
sistence, wilh the sarae rank, he proceeded to Mexico in
that capacity. On his return, al the close of the war, he
was appointed by Governor French Division Inspector of
the First Division of Illinois Slate Militia, wilh the rank
of Colonel. In 1855 he made the tour of Europe, and im
proved and enriched a fine taste and highly cultured mind
by visiting the public libraries, museums and galleries of
art of the principal capitals of the Old World. He early
joined the Masonic fraternity ; was the first Knight Templar
made in the State of Illinois, and is a past-grand lecturer
and orator. He is possessed of a genial disposition and
social qualities of a high order, which have enabled him to
win " troops of friends," whom he has retained by his in
tegrity, generosity and unsullied honor. He spends the
most of his lime at his country residence, the town of Le
Mont, famous for its stone quarries and "Athens marble,"
of which he is one of the proprietors. There he enjoys his
otium cum dignitate as becomes a gentleman and a scholar.

ILSON, HON. JOHN M., ex-Chief Justice of
the Superior Court of Chicago, was born in Hills
borough, New Harapshire, on November I21h,
1802. His father vvas of Scotch-Irish descent, a
man of rare energy, being a farmer and raerchant,
and one of the wealthiest raen in the Slate. His
mother, a sister of General John McNeil, who served wilh
honor in Ihe war of 1812, was ancestrally a Plighland Scot.
His early education was such as was comraon lo New Eng
i.and boys of his day; his time was divided between work
ing upon a farm and attending the district school until he
reached the age of fourteen, when he was sent to an academy
pi'ep,aratory to entering Dartmouth College in 1819. Ill
health caused him lo leave before the close of Ihefirst year,
but on recovering in some degree he, at Ihe earnest solici
tation of his friend, Franklin Pierce, became a fellow-

student with him in Ihe sophomore class of Bowdoin Col'
lege. Again he was obliged to leave his books, and finally
to abandon his cherished plan of acquiring a classical edu
cation, and return to Amherst, New Hampshire, where his
mother, then a widow, resided. A prolonged tour so far re
established his health that he found himself able lo resume
study, and he entered the office of Edward Parker, of Am
herst, where he remained a little over one year, when he
became a student in the Law Department of Yale College,
completing two terms with great credit, and then returned
to Amherst to finish his legal studies. He was admitted to
the bar in 1831, and commenced practice at Lowell, Massa
chusetts, and before the expiring of a year formed a partner
ship wilh Hon. John A. Knowles, which continued until
1835, when the junior member of the firm elected to go
West, finally settling at Joliet, Illinois. For a short interval
he was in partnership with John C. Newkirk, and subse
quently joined Judge Hugh Henderson, continuing wilh
him for several years, during which tirae he gained the
reputation of being the best lawyer at the Will county bar,
if not in northern Illinois. His heallh, never robust, suf
fered so much in consequence of his sedentary habits that
he removed to Chicago in 1847, where the climate and
cessation from office labor proved so beneficial that in Ihe
following year he felt justified in resuming his profession,
and ultimately becarae a partner of the Hon. Norman B.
Judd. This firra at once took rank as one of the best in
Chicago. Both were lawyers of the highest order of talent
and perfectly trustworthy, and their business was conse
quently extensive and reraunerative. During the last few
years of their practice they devoted nearly all their lime lo
railroad business, being the attorneys of the Michigan
.Southern, Rock Island, and Chicago and Northwestern
Railways. This partnership vvas dissolved in consequence
of the election of Judge Wilson to the bench of the Cook
County Court of Common Pleas, in which position he re
raained until the narae of the court was changed in 1859 lo
Ihe Superior Court of Chicago. Pie was sole Judge of the
forraer court, but the business being altogether loo extensive
for one man lo transact, he was given, by the law changing
the name and some ofthe functions of his court, two Asso
ciate Judges, his own position being Ihat of Chief Justice.
He has often been solicited to become a candidate for the
.Supreme bench, but he has uniformly declined, and when
Ihe rorain<ation was forraally tendered to hira, at Ihe lime
Judge Caton stood for re-election, he published a letter in
the Chicago Tribune refusing to respond to the requisition.
Of Judge Wilson it was written by Ihe late Judge Arring-
Iqn : " The crowning characteristic of his intellect is its
severity and continuity of logic. All the evolutions of his
mind appear lo run in regular and systematic sequences, so
that il would not be a difficult task to lake any one of his
published or manuscript opinions and throw il into a series
of forraal syllogisms by merely supplying the suppressed
premises. The form of his habitual thought seems cast in

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

59

the Scotch rather than the English mould, since il is nearly
alvvays and pre-eminently deductive. It is, hovvever, this
peculiarity which qualified him for the exalted position he
occupied as a Judge, because the inductive logic can find
no place in Ihe actual administration of jurisprudence, aud
the solution of all legal problems offered to the considera
tion of courts must of necessity be effected by pure deduc
tion." The Supreme Court of Illinois have paid him the
unparalleled compliment of adopting six of his published
opinions as their own, and by the universal accord of the
profession and of the people he has been placed as first and
foremost among the judiciary of the Stale. Judge Wilson
married Martha A. Appleton, of Lowell, Massachusetts, in-
1838, who still survives, but three of their children sleep
under Ihe sod ; a son and a daughter are still spared to cheer
their declining years. He attends the service of Ihe Epis
copal Church, but he, in consistence wdth his character,
holds most liberal views on Christian doctrine and ecclesias
tical polity.

'°o)/i^VANS, E. W., Lawyer, was born, 1817, in Fiye-
burg, Oxford county, Maine. He passed his

early life there, and in its acaderay prepared for
Dartmouth College, which institution he entered
at the age of eighteen, and whence, after acquir
ing a solid scholarship, he graduated in 1838.
He studied closely and zealously for his profession i •¦ the
office of Judge Horace Chase, of Hopkinton, New Harap
shire, and when ready for admission to the b.-r, in 1840,
turned his face westward, and reached Chicago, where he
received his credentials for the practice of the law. That
place was then an obscure town, scarcely even a germ of
the present great city ; and neither in population nor proraise
foreshadow-ed its subsequent marvellous growth and emi
nence! It was also at thai- period suffering frora the paralyz
ing effects of the notable Treasury Circular of 1836-7, which
so disastrously affected the country, and more especially the
Northvvfest. As may be supposed, he discerned a more
proraising field for a career at the bar at Kenosha, Wiscon
sin, where he located and coraraenced the business of his
life. He erabarked wilh his whole soul and strength in
the practice of his profession, and was often engaged in
most important litigation, by which he acquired an exten
sive and lucrative patronage. During his residence of nearly
twenty years in Ihat city he gained a repulalion which
ranked him amoig the leading lawyers of the State. His
devotion to his profession was exclusive ; and he never could
be induced to enter the political arena. He was known
only as a lawyer, and of course his triumphs and successes
were professional, and rewarded him vvell wilh fame and
profit. In 1859 Chicago again becarae his home, where he
was welcomed lo the ranks of the legal fraternity by Ihe
few of its members of 1840 vvho had reraained. He was
not long in establishing himself in the city in a large and

full practice; and his subsequent career up to the present
lime has been one of unvarying success and reputation.
In all Ihe civil courls of Ihc ciiy — occasionally only in the
crirainal — and in all departraenls of practice he has borne
an honorable part, and raaintained araong lawyers as well
as in the coraraunity a high position. In sorae instances,
as in the Wilkinson-Tribune libel suit, in the civil court,
and in the Zeigerraeier murder case — one of the very ro
mances of crirae — in Ihe criminal tribunal, he made a dis
play of his powers, brilliant and notable enough of thera
selves to gain a life reputation. In those classes of cases
which adrait of appeals to the feelings he is particularly
impressive and effective before juries ; while in his argu
ments to the bench he is capable of the closest and moSt
cogent reasoning. His briefs in the Suprerae Court are
unusually strong, full, and able. His zeal for his client's
cause enlists all his faculties and industry, and his honorable
arabition is only for rightful success. Those vvho know
hira best are his warraest friends, while they realize and
highly estimate his qualities as a man. He is scrupulously
honest and fair, without a suspicion of his integrity either
in or out of his profession. He is a man of a general and
liberal reading beyond the limits of the law ; whilst he is
genial and companionable in the extreme. He has a
striking and commanding presence, and, adhering to the
traditional costume of the historical merabers of the pro
fession, recalls in his appearance the gentleraan of the old
school. He is now in the maturity of his powers, and yet
promises many years of success and honorable distinction
before legal tribunals.

ONNEY, CHARLES CARROLL, Lawyer, was
born, September 4lh, 1831, in Hamilton, New
York. He passed his childhood at his father's
farm on Bonney Hill. When seventeen years
of age he comraenced teaching, and at the same
tirae began to study law, and continued to teach
in district and academic schools, and to pursue the study
of his chosen profession until nearly ready for admission
to the bar. He reraoved to Illinois in 1850, and located
at Peoria, where he established an academic school called
the Peoria Institute. On attaining his majority he was ad
mitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Ihe office of
Judge Onslow Peters, and continued a successful general
practice until i860, when he reraoved to Chicago to find a
larger and raore congenial professional fielcf. Since he be
came a resident of Illinois he has always been very promi
nently before the .State in sorae public capacity. In con
nection with; Governor French, Professor Turner, Judge
Skinner, Dr. Roe, and some other men of note, he was
active and prominent in establishing the present educational
system of Illinois. Since 1854 he has advocated a con
vention to secure .uniforraity of Ihe statutes of the several
States iu relation to negotiable paper, conveyances, etc.

60

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

He was one of the first to support, both in speeches and
letters, the consdtutional prohibition of special legisladon;
and some years before Ihe war he procured the passage of
resolutions in popular conventions favoring a National cur
rency, under a National law, in place of the " vvild-cal "
system of Stale banks. In 1857 he took a leading part in
defeating the project of granting to a private corporation
the control of the Illinois river; and he was engaged in
sorae of the eariier cases on municipal subscriptions lo rail
roads, taking the ground that they were unconstitutional.
Since 1 86 1 he has repeatedly advocated the appointment
of commissioners to represent the people as to railroad and
other private corporations, with summary judicial determi
nation of questions concerning their respective rights and
duties. It was he who first raised and argued the consti
tutionality of the excise tax on judicial process, and other
Slate proceedings ; and he was likewise the first who staled
the powers of the courts under the suspension of the habeas
corpus, and presented the view which was reproduced two
years later by Mr. Binney of Philadelphia. In politics he
is a Deraocrat, and was very active in this direction until
his removal to Chicago, since which period he has given
up all active participation in political matters. During the
Rebellion he was a War Democrat ; wrote articles for the
public press, and made public addresses in favor of sup
pressing the Rebellion and restoring the Union. His pref
erence seems to be for equity business rather Ihan that of
the comraon law, with a partiality for patent and corpora
tion cases ; and, though a skilful pleader and practitioner,
he aims rather towards the settleraent of a case than to favor
litigation. He is an author of sorae note, having written
and published a " Treatise on the Law of Railway Carriers ; "
another on " The Law of Marine, Fire and Life Insurance ; "
and essays on raany other legal subjects. He also edited
in a very finished and scholarly raanner the poetical works
of the lale Judge Arrington. His published addresses era-
brace orations on Freeraasoniy, and a variety of educational,
political and legal subjects ; and he is a frequent contributor
to the magazines and daily press of articles of a legal,
financial and literary nature. His essays on " The Ad
ministration of Justice," " The Characteristics of a Great
Lawyer," and " Crirainal Insanity," attracted wide atten
tion. He is a lover of his profession, by which he has ac
quired a corapetence, and has a devotion for it scarcely
equalled by any of his co-laborers al the bar. ITe is a coun
sellor of the Supreme Court of the State, and of Ihe Uniled
Slates ; is familTar frora actual practice wilh nearly every de
partraent of jurisprudence, and ranks as one of the leading
lawyers and public speakers of Chicago and the Northwest.
He is industrious in the extrerae, and though laboring hard
as a lawyer yet finds lirae to cultivate lileralure, and to in
form himself thoroughly concerning all the current questions
ofthe day. He is a public lecturer and writer on govern
ment, law reform, medical jurisprudence, education, the
laws of morals and religion, etc. In style he is precise.

incisive and clear, and is, moreover, a ready speaker, writer
and conversationalist. He is a member of the New Church,
as founded by Swedenborg ; has been very active in con
nection wilh Sunday-schools as a teacher and writer, and
as President of the Stale Sunday-school Association, and
has published, among other things, a small pamphlet on the
iuLerpretation of the Bible. He belongs to the fraternity of
Freemasons, and is a member of the order of Knights Tem
plar. He received some time since from the Masonic Uni
versity of Kentucky the degree of Doctor of Laws, and, in
a lecture on Freemasonry, ranks it as the noblest and most
venerable of institutions of learning. He was married to
Lydia A. Pratt, at Troy, Nevv York, in 1855, and his hand
some residence in Chicago is well known' as a social and
literary centre.

YER, LEWIS, M. D., Physician, vvas born in
Shaftsbury, Bennington county, Vermont, F'eb-
ruary 24th, 1807. His father was a native of
Rhode Island and a Revolutionary soldier. His
mother came from Connecticut. His literaiy
education vvas obtained in the New England
academies, and his medical studies were pursued at the
Berkshire Medical Inslilute, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts,
from which he graduated in the winter of 1828. He had
been bred a farraer, but iraraediately upon graduation he
entered upon the practice of his profession. After practis
ing a few years in his native State he eraigrated to Ohio,
where he was appointed Physician to Kenyon College and
Theological Seminary, located at Gambler, Knox county.
That field for professional labor not being sufficiently wide,
he moved to Mount Vernon, in the same county, and there
opened an office (it being the raost eligible) with the Hon.
Colurabus Delano, the one dispensing physic and the other
the law. While in Mount Vernon, and in connection wilh
his profession, he edited the Whig newspaper of the place.
In this county he practised for raany years, his home being
part of the tirae in Mount Vernon, and at another in
Fredericktown. The doctor has been an active man
through all his life, and in politics has always been prom
inent. In early days he was a decided Whig, and for
twenty-five years his political texts were such as promul
gated by the celebrated National Intelligencer. Pie was
a member of the State Convention which was called to con
sider what should be done in reference to the repoal of the
Missouri Compromise. The Whig parly, it will be remem
bered, split upon this question, and the doctor sided wdth
the part opposed to its repeal, which carried the day. Upon
Ihe organizalion of the Republican party he at once be
came an adherent, and lo Ihal parly he has ever been loyal.
From Ohio he moved to Iowa, but the climate acting un
favorably upon his wife and daughter, after a residence of
Iwo years, he abandoned ihe idea of making that his home.
He then located in Perry county, Illinois, in the fall cf

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

6i

1857, and engaged in the practice of his profession. His
practice here was very successful and laborious, and during
the first four years of his residence he was at all times a
leading spirit. When the war broke out he was very active,
and his services were needed and called for on every occa
sion, either to address a raeeting, be its chairman, or cheer
up the doubting ones. He was instrumental in raising many
soldiers. In 1862 he was sent to Springfield, on public
business, by his town. While there the Governor of the
State intimated that he wished him lo accept the position of
Surgeon, in one of the regiments being formed, stating that
so many young and inexperienced physicians were being ap
pointed that such men as Dr. Dyer were needed. After
passing the necessary examination before the Slate Medical
Board, he was appointed Surgeon of the 8ist Illinois, on
August 26th, 1862. The regiment left the Stale for the field
and arrived at Humboldt, Tennessee, in October, 1S62, when
he was placed upon the operating staff of the division, in
which position he served two years, when he was raade Sur-
geon-in-Chief, appointing his own staff. While upon this
duty his work was of course responsible and very laborious,
and the fact that he was the oldest Surgeon on the staff tended
to increase his duties very much. An episode in his career
while in the army should in justice to the doctor be
here narrated. His regiment, likemany others, being com
posed of some turbulent spirits and discordant elements,
among officers as well as men, things did not always
move harmoniously at the coraraenceraent of ils service.
Two or three officers of the line having becorae hostile to
the doctor, they secretly trumped up a false and malicious
charge against hira, and succeeded in having it sent on
to the Secretary of War. So soon as this becarae known
to hira, he at once sought to ferret it out, and repair
ing to General Grant's head-quarters, then at Milliken's
Bend, Mississippi, General Rawlings, Chief of Staff, on
searching the records, found that such a document had been
received and forwarded to Washington about a month pre
viously. On hearing the doctor's stateraent. General Grant
directed his Adjutant-General to issue an order to General
McPherson to coramence a court of inquiry forthwith to in
vestigate said charge, and the doctor was instructed to de
liver this order in person. The court of inquiry exculpated
the doctor wholly. Its proceedings, together with a strong
letter from General McPherson, were forwarded to the War
Department, whereupon he was at once rein.stated. Butdn
the meanlim.e an order dismissing the doctor reached Ihe
command. At dress-parade in the evening, when the order
was read to the regiraent, Sui-geon Dyer, who was present,
remarked that this was not the end of the matter. He at
once tore off his shoulder straps and repairing to General
McPherson's head-quarters said, " General, I have come to
you, if it is proper lo do so, to volunteer my services to carry
a musket in the ranks." The General gave hira .his hand,
but before he could reply the Medical Director spoke up and
said, " General, if the doctor wishes to volunteer, I shall

be very glad to assign him to duty, as I need his services
greatly." To this arrangement assent was prorapdy given,
and until the order for his reinstatement was received he
was constantly on duly of Ihe most responsible and arduous
nature. Wilh this incident passed away all ill-feeling, and
the doctor was respected and loved by his men as ftw
others in the comraand. At the end of the war, when Ihe
history of the coraraand was called for, he was assigned
that duty, and it is part of the report of the Adjutant-
General of the Slate. His conduct during the service
was that of an honorable, worthy, deterrained soldier
and surgeon, and it is one of the bright records handed
down in the history of the Illinois troops. At the close
of the war he returned to Duquoin, and resuming his pro
fession, he was not long in building up a very large and lucra
tive practice, which he srill enjoys. He has ever been Ihe
friend of education, and for a time occupied the posidon
of President and Director of the Board of Education. He
was married in 1828 to Laura A. Purdy, of Vermont, by
whom he had four daughters and two sons. The latter,
with their father, true to their lineage, served in Ihe lale
war, and helped to perpetuate the nation their ancestor had
fought to create.

E MOTTE, WILLIAM H., A. M., President of
Illinois P'emale College, Jacksonville, was born,
July 17th, 1830, r.ear Danville, Kentucky. In
1832 his parents removed to Central Indiana,
where his childhood and early raanhood were
passed under the educating influences which bear
upon a member of the family of an " itinerant Methodist
preacher." He completed his .studies and graduated vvith
raerit and honor from the Literary and Classical department
of the Asbury University of Indiana in 1849. After being
occupied a few months in a district school, he was elected a
teacher in the Indiana Institution for Educating the Deaf and
Dumb, Indianapolis, where he continued for fourteen years ;
and both frora natural fitness and earnest devotion lo a
chosen work acquired exceptional experlness and skill in
ihat most difficult branch of instruction. A number of
prominent and skilful educators of deaf-mutes received their
first lessons from him. He served wilh much satisfaction,
during the war of the Rebellion, under commission from
Governor Morton, as State Military and Sanitary Agent, at
Washington, D. C.,in which capacity he did rauch towards
relieving the sufferings of soldiers in hospitals and those
returning from prisons. At Ihe close of the war he was
elected President of the Indiana Female College, at Indian
apolis, where he reraained until solicited lo take charge
of the Illinois Female College, at Jacksonville, in 1868.
His success in teaching is due quite as much to his skill as
a disciplinarian as to his scholarship and conscientious de
votion lo a chosen profession. No railway schedule is more
accurately arranged or promptly followed than the pro-

62

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

grarame of school duties in the college over which he so
ably presides. As a result of this there has been less sick
ness in the " college family " — corapri-sing usually about
eighty persons — than in some private families of the town
of less than one-tenth of that number; and in the ten years
during v\'hich he has held the control of a school for young
women, not a single case requiring serious discipline has
ever occurred araong his students. As a speaker he has a
readiness and freedom, coupled wilh aptness in illustration,
and an earnestness of address, all of which render him very
effective before youth. His duties of late years have been
chiefly with the more advanced of his schoLars, in such
branches as Mental and Moral Science, Logic, Political
Economy, Evidences of Christianity, etc., in all of vvhich
he has evinced creditable ability. He is an acdve and zeal
ous member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, holding an
offici.rl relation in the Illinois Conference, and is effective in
all general and union conventions and meetings, such as
are usually held under the auspices of the Young Men's
Christian Association and Sunday-school organizations. He
is an earnest advocate of total abstinence, favoring a pro
hibitory liquor law, and is a Republican in political pref
erence. He enjoys the confidence of business raen with
whom he conies in contact ; and is foremost in all matters of
social interest and local enterprise. Since the preparation
of the above, Mr. De Motte has been elected Superintend
ent of Ihe Deaf and Durab Institute located al Delavan,
Wisconsin ; a position for which he is especially filled.

|ALLARD, ERASTUS FRANKLIN, A. M., Prin-
cip.al of the Jacksonville Feraale Academy, Jack
sonville, Illinois, was born of humble parentage in
the town of J.ay, Essex county. New York, May
1st, 1840. Although of a delicate and sensitive
nature, he was subjected, in early boyhood, to all
the privations and hardships incident to a rugged countiy
life and indigent circumstances. At the age of fifteen he
vvas left to care for himself, wilh no one on whora to rely for
direction or support. Pie early raanifested an inclination
for study; and was led lo appreciate something of the bene
fits of a liberal education, and soon carae to the settled pur
pose of securing it, at whatever cost or sacrifice. Wilh this
end in view he labored and studied. In i860 he entered
the Freshman class in the University of Vermont, and
although frequently interrupted by ill heaUh, and by pe-
cuniaiy embarrassment, he graduated wilh high honors four
years thereafter. After leaving college he taught two years
in Royalton Academy, Verraont ; and in Ihe auturan of
l865 returned to his native county in New York, vvhere he
vvas shortly afterwards elected, on the Republican ticket, to
the office of School Commissioner, which position he held
for three consecudve years. In the fall of 1869 he was
called to become the Principal and Superintendent of

the Public Schools of Keeseville, New York, and condnued
as such for five years. In the spring of 1874 he was elected
Principal of the Jacksonville Feraale Academy, where he
still reraains. He stands veiy high as an educator, and
is a man of large literary and scholarly attainments. He is
a pleasant, genial gentleman, active in all moral and literary
enterprises ; and is greatly respected and esteemed by all
who know him. He was raarried, -August 6lh, 1869, to
Mary F., eldest daughter of Frederick Smith, of Burling
ton, Vermont.

ARWELL, JOHN V., Merchant, was born, July
29th, 1825, in Steuben county. New York, and is
the third son of Henry and Nancy Farwell. His
parents were farmers in raoderate circuraslances,
and ES is usual in the country he assisted them in
the labors of the farm during the sumraer months
and attended the district school during the winter. The
family removed to Ogle county, Illinois, in 1838, and com
menced opening up a farra on the unbroken prairie. Pie
remained wdth them until he vvas sixteen years old, and then
entered the Mount Morris Serainary for the purpose of cora-
pledng his educadon. He vvas very poor, too poor to board
in the institution ; but he boarded himself and by hiraself.
He mastered the practical and elementary branches with his
eye upon a life of business. He learned book-keeping and
taught il. He was expert in mathematics and in composi
tion. In the spring of 1845 i'^ arrived in Chicago, his cash
capital being ^3.25. He becarae an assistant in the city
clerk's office at a salary of §12 per raonth, and reported the
proceedings of the City Councils at $2 per report. As he
reported the proceedings just as they occurred, some of
the more sensitive of the city fathers took umbrage at the
style in which they were written, and withdrew the privi
leges of the charaber frora hira. Pie had, however, mean
while, obtained a position in Ihe dry-goods house of Ham
ilton & White at $?, per month for one year, and thence
passed to Haralin & Day at Jf 250 per annum. From there
he went into the employ of Wadsworth & Phelps at $(>oo.
Plis aptness for business vvas soon apparent. He had skill
in trading, managing and planning, together wilh an energy
adequate lo the carrying out of these plans. Pie foresaw the
destiny of Chicago, and hc had a high and abiding faith
that that city was destined to become a great commercial
emporium. When he became a partner in the firm he had
served as a salesman his counsels had weight in the coun
cils of the concern. That was in 185 1, when the house did
a business of ^100,000 per annum ; in 1868 it had increased
to ^10,000,000. In 1856, through his persistency, the whole
sale mart on Wabash Avenue vvas built, though opposed by
Ihe senior member of Ihe house at that period ; but time has
demonstrated the wisdom of the undertaking. During the
war of Ihe Rebellion he was conspicuous in patriotic zeal
and philanthropy. He was one of Ihe prime movers in

'^¦^i-y j--'^^_ Q^ ja/uiiuM"""'

ClCoC

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

63

raising the Board of Trade Regiment, as wpll as the ^40,000
which its equipment and shipment cost. He contributed
liberally to the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, espe
cially the latter, to which he gave much tirae, raoney and
labor. He has been a zealous member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church since he was fourteen years old. Small
as was his first year's salary in Chicago, one-half of it went
to the church of which he was a member, an act of rare
self sacrifice. In 1856 Mr. Moody started the Illinois Street
Mission, designed especially to reach saloon boys, but it
r.apidly grew, and embraced all classes of outcast children,
and from a feeble beginning has expanded into a church
with a membership of three hundred, and a Sunday-school
of nine hundred attendants. P'or the first ten years of its
existence Mr. Farwell was the Superintendent, and he con
tributed ;Jio,ooo towards Ihe building, besides about ^1000
per annum for current expenses. He has manifested a great
interest in the religious instruction of the prisoners in the
Bridewell, and commenced holding religious services there
in 1858; and by temperance appeals and lay preaching has
effected a vast amount of good. In the Young Men's Chris
tian Association he has ever shown a deep interest, and Ic
him, perhaps, more than to any other, is it indebted for its
present prosperous condition. Personally, he is rather undei
the raedium size, but of compact build. His step is quick
and elastic, his eye kindly, and his countenance throughout
strongly expressive of the energy of will, purity of purpose,
and benevolence of disposition which are his dominant
characteristics.

3/|p'UNK, HON. ISAAC, late Farmer, Stock-raiser
rill and Legislator, was born, Noveraber 17th, 1797,
)\\\> in Clark county, Kentucky. When nine years
of age he accorapanied his parents to their new
home in Fayette county, Ohio, remaining wilh
his father during his boyhood, and availing him
self of the slender opportunities afforded by the neigh
borhood in Ihe matter of schooling. When he had attained
the age of twenty-six years, he had already laid by frora his
labors a small sum of money, besides being Ihe possessor of
a good team .and wagon; and wilh this he started, in the
autumn of 1823, to seek his fortune, accompanied by an
elder brother, in the then Far West. They reached the site
of the present city of Terre Haute, Indiana, where they
tarried undl the spring of 1824; and thence moved west
ward to what is now Sangamon county, Illinois. From this
point Ihey turned northward, arid soon after pitched upon
the site since known as Funk's Grove, where they con
cluded to locate. After slaking out their claims, and erecting
houses and a shelter for their aniraals, they formed a co
partnership together, for the extension of their landed estate,
and the pursuit of farming and stock-raising. Under Ihis
agreement, and by the teims of this copartnership, which
was merely verbal, the brothers did business for seventeen

years, handling many thousand head of slock, and more
money probably than any two raen in the State. They drove
the cattle overland to Chicago or Galena, and brought back
wilh them, on their return trip, all manner of supplies for
themselves and neighbors. This copartnership was dis
solved by rautual consent, Isaac buying out his brother's in
terests in the land and other property. He thus became the
owner of 27,000 acres of land in McLean county, 20,000
of which lay adjoining his old horae at the Grove, and in
one body, and during his active lifetime devoted neariy the
whole of it lo his specialty of stock-raising. During his
eventful life he vvas twice called to sit in the councils of
Slate. In 1840 he was elected, on the Whig ticket, to the
lower House of the Legislature. In 1861 he was elected to
fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Richard
Oglesby, and was re-elected in 1863, filling both terms to the
entire satisfaction of his parly and Ihe people. It was during
this terra that he raade for hiraself a very enviable record by
his practical hard sense, liberality, and devotion to counlry.
A raeasure was pending in the House lo furnish supplies for
Illinois troops, which the general governraent was unable lo
provide at the tirae. Objections were raised as to the obli
gation of the Slate, and a hot debate ensued. In a most
remarkable speech he settled the question. He staled that
he would sacrifice his entire properly in aid of the raeasure,
and then raeet the men (ils opponents) singly or collectively,
as he said, "from the point of a pin lo the mouth of a can
non.'' The fact of his being, so to speak, a practical work
ing man, uneducated, boasting of neither refinement nor
oratorical ability, his considerable wealth, the earnestness of
his manner, and his known will and ability lo put his dec
laration into practical effect, rendered his words electrical.
The measure was carried amid great enthusiasm, and he was
congratulated on all sides. President Lincoln wrote him a
private letter congratulating him on the great good the few
words spoken by him had done in strengthening the Union
cause and giving courage to Ihe soldiers of the Northern
array. He was a raan of rare corabinations for success in
life. Of an energetic and industrious disposition, he was
necessarily passionate; but he had a heart throbbing in his
bosora vv'Iiich kindly kept in check the human weakness.
Of a corabalive temperament, he would often find himself
the. aggressor upon his friends; but no sooner did he dis
cover his fault than he hastened to make amends. Wilh
this virtue he added forgiveness, and never was known to
nurse a hatred when forgiveness was sought or merited.
He was peculiarly prompt and reliable in his money matters
with men ; fair dealing and prompt compliance with any
agreement were his characteristics. He was married in
1826 to Cassandra .Sharp, and vvas the father of len chil
dren, nine sons and one daughter. He died in the city of
Bloomington, January 29lh, 1865, and in three hours was
followed by his wife. She had been for some time in deli
cate health, and the shock of her husband's death proved
fatal.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

gr IRBY, EDWARD P., Lawyer, was born, October
28th, 1834, in Putnam county, Illinois, and is
the eldest son of the late Rev. William and
Hannah (Wolcott) Kirby. Rev. William Kirby
was one of the founders and first Professors of
Illinois College ; but owing to failing health, he
was obliged to relinquish the latter position. He died
Deceraber 20lh, 1852, leaving a family of six children, the
care and support of whom devolved on the eldest son.
Judge Kirby was educated at Illinois College, and gradu
ated therefrom in 1854. In the autumn of that year he
went to St. Louis, where he taught a private school for
three years. On his return to Jacksonville he becarae the
successor of Hon. Newton Bateman in the principalship
of the West Jacksonville Gramraar and High School.
He commenced the study of Law in 1863, and was admitted
to practice in the following year. In 1865 he comraenced
the compilation of the Land Titles of Morgan county,
Illinois, which he subsequently completed and still owns.
In 1873 ^^ was elected Judge of the County Court of Mor
gan county. He was married in 1862 to Julia S., daughter
of the late Governor Duncan, of Jacksonville.

sLOVER, REV. LIVINGSTON M., D. D., Clergy
man, was born, February 2ist, 1819, in the town
ship of Phelps, Ontario county. New Y'ork, and
is the son of Philander Glover, vvho removed
from Massachusetts to the " Genesee counlry "
in 1800. He is descended from English ances
try, traceable back to Saxon times, when the name was
written Gelofre. Several persons of the name have been
distinguished in the fatherland ; as, Robert Glover, who
perished at the slake in 1555, in the reign of "bloody
Mary,'' and Richard Glover, an eminent poet, merchant,
and member of Parliament, born in London in 17 12, and
who died in 17S5 in that city, author of an epic called
"Leonidas," also of several tragedies. About the year
1640, two brothers, John and Henry Glover, emigrated to
Araerica, and settled in New England, near Boston. From
the latter of these the Rev. Dr, Glover is descended ;
and his immediate ancestors were residents of Conway,
Massachusetts, vvho left there, as already stated, in 1800,
After passing a third of a century in New York Slate, his
father reraoved, in 1833, 'o the then Territory of Michigan,
and settled on Lodi Plains, near Ann Arbor, in Washtenaw
county. Thither his son accompanied him, and up lo the
age of seventeen he acted the part of boys reared on a
farra, following the plough, etc, but without any special
fondness for an agricultural life, as his tastes, frora eariy
childhood, strongly inclined hira to letters, study, and public
life. Stories are narrated of his stopping the leam in the
field, and of his mounting a slump lo exercise his gifts in
declamation. When other boys of his age were al play, he

was engaged in writing articles for the village paper ; so
that his father early predicted the uselessness of inducing
him to follow in his footsteps as an agriculturist. About
the year 1834 a " Manual Labor School" — then very com
mon and a furore throughout the countiy — was established
in Ann Arbor, very near the site of the present University.
He was enrolled among its first pupils, and for a year or
more pursued the studies preparatory to a college course,
laboring four hours per day on the " school farm " in pay
ment for board. In the autumn of 1836 he entered the
Freshman class in the Western Reserve College at Hudson,
Ohio, from which institution he graduated at the coraraence
raent in 1840. After leaving college, he al once connected
hiraself with the Lane Theological Serainary, Cincinnati,
studying for the rainisliy, to which he had devoled'"hiraself
at the time of his conversion in 1836, although previous to
Ihat date his preferences led him in the direction of the
law and of political life. Having"'passed two years in
theological study, he was licensed to preach the gospel, and
in October, 1842, took charge of the Presbyterian church of
Lodi, Michigan, where his first profession of faith had been
made. He continued at that place for six years, raaking
proof of his rainistry ina wide-spread country congregation,
and among a people who had known him from boyhood,
enjoying their confidence, and being very successful in' his
ministrations, proving somewhat of an exception to the rule
Ihat " a prophet is not without honor, save in his own coun
try." In the autumn of 1848 he received, very unexpect
edly, a call from the First Presbyterian church of Jackson
ville, Illinois, vvhich, against the wishes of his people, he
deemed it his duly lo accept. He took charge of that im
portant congregation in October, 1848, and has continued
to hold it until the present lime. In October, 1873, the
quarter-centennial of the pastorate was observed with ap
propriate and interesting ceremonies. Kis pastoral charge
is now of a longer duration than any olher of his denomi
nation in the State, and perhaps in the West. He received,
in 1864, the honorary degree of Doctor in Divinity from
Centre College, Kentucky. As a theologian, he has few
equals in the country, and he is a most infiuential and use
ful clergyman and citizen ; and is a man of broad, liberal
and Christian views. He has thoroughly identified himself
wilh the educational and benevolent interests of the place.
For eighteen years he was a raeraber and Secretary of the
Board of Trustees of Illinois College. He is now Presi
dent of the Board of Trustees of the Jacksonville Female
Academy, and also President of the Board of Directors of
" Oak Lawn Retreat," a private institution at Jacksonville
for the treatraent of the insane. He takes a firm and ad
vanced stand in the temperance reform, and in all kindred
causes. In the course of his ministry he has published
more than thirty discourses,, ordinary and special, generally
at the request of his people or of the community. In addi
tion lo these, he has given to the world numerous articles
on various subjects in the religious and secular papers.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

65

¦Through the same medium he has published many poems
of a moral and religious character, and, for the most part,
lyrical in form. He has twice gone abroad; in 1858 he
travelled through Europe, and as far east as Syria and
Egypt; and again in i873,by appointment of the American
General Assembly, he went as a delegate to the Assembly
of the Free Church of Scotland, meeting in Edinburgh,
while, al that time, he made an extensive tour thiough the
Bridsh isles. He has been identified wilh Illinois during a
period of wonderful development, and has seen the humble
village of Jacksonville expand into a beautiful and thriving
city of 10,000 to 12,000 inhabitants. From present appear
ances, he seems anchored for life among those where he has
labored so long; and if he has a .special ambition, it is rather
to shov» the value of a permanent pastorate, by giving a
worthy illustration of it, than to win the repulalion vvhich
change might possibly secure. He was married in 1843 t°
Marcia A., daughter of Professor Rufus Nutting, of the
Western Reserve College.

'CLAUGHRY, ROBERT WILSON, Warden of
the Illinois State Penitentiary, vvas born al Foun
tain Green, Plancock county, Illinois, July 22d,
1839. His parents removed to the State of Illi
nois frora Delaware county. New York, in 1838.
His early life was spent on a farm. At that early
day in the history of the West, educational advantages were
few, and the " old log school house " almost the only insti
tution of learning lo be found. In one of these the boy re
ceived the rudiments of an English education, attending
school during the winter months, and working on the farm
during the sumraer. He also studied Latin and algebra pri
vately wdth the Presbyterian clergyman stationed in his native
village, and in this way prepared himself for college. Enter
ing Monmouth College, Illinois, in 1856, as one of its first
students, he graduated in i860, in the first class that cora
pleted ils course in the young institution. No grades of
scholarship were at Ihat lime established, but the fact that
his time had been well improved was shown by his being
chosen to the Professorship of Latin in the college immedi
ately upon his graduation. He served a year in diis capa'city,
but the stirring scenes of the rebellion were at hand, and he
could not longer remain a passive .spectator. In July, 1861,
he severed his connection wdlh the college, removed to Car
thage, Illinois, and purchasing a paper, began in his native
county to urge his fellow-citizens to Ihe support of the gov
ernment. The effort to raise volunteers was raet in Han
cock county wilh determined opposition on the p.art of lead
ing Democrats. McClaughiy had voted for Douglas in
i860 — his first vote — and clairaed to be a Democrat, but,
like Douglas, was earnest and enthusiastic in the support of
the government, in its efforts to put down the rebellion.
The contest in Hancock county w.axed very bitter in the fall
9

of 1861, and during it all, not only in the columns of his
paper but upon " the stump " in all parts of the county, vvas
young McClaughry actively engaged in arousing the patri-
odc sentiment of Ihe country. In June, 1862, he married
Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Jaraes G. Madden, of Mon
mouth, Illinois. In July, 1862, carae the call of the Presi
dent for " three hundred thousand raore," and feeling Ihat
the lime had novv come to prove his faidi by his works, he
gathered around hira a fev\' of his corarades, and together
they repaired to a magistrate's office and vvere sworn into the
service of Ihe United Slates, as privales, " for three years, or
during the war." The news of their enlistment having be
come noised about, other young men came in and joined
their nuraber, until, in a very few days, a full corapany was
enlisted. An election was held for captain, which resulted
in the choice of Ihe subject of this sketch by a unanimous
vole. The work of enlistment, however, went on, until
five corapanies were enrolled in the county. Captain Mc
Claughry took to Springfield Ihe certificates of their organ
ization, and received orders frora the Governor placing him
in coraraand of all corapanies raised in Hancock county,
with authority to conduct thera at once to rendezvous at
Carap Butler, Illinois. This was done, and by the raiddle
of August, 1862, the 118th Regiraent Illinois Infanliy was
organized at Carap Butler. In this organization Captain
McClaughry, then commanding Company B, was chosen
lothe office of Major. Returning for a few days to Car
thage, he hastily disposed of his newspaper, bid adieu to his
young vvife, and, rejoining his command, raoved wdth it to
Memphis, Tennessee, where it joined the expedition then
filling out under General Sherman to operate against Vicks
burg. During the winter of 1862-3, ™ the carapaigns
against Vicksburg by way of the Yazoo, against Arkansas
Post and Young's Point, Louisiana, the nSlh Illinois was
alvvays in the front, and Major McClaughry vvas .always vvith
his regiraent. In Ihe spring of 1863 he took an active part
with his regiment in the campaign which resulted in the
capture of Vicksburg, serving in General Osterhaus' Divi
sion of the 13th Army Corps. After the capture of Vicks
burg the Il8lh Illinois was transferred to the Department of
the Gulf, when it was mounted and served in Ihe cavalry divi
sion coraraanded by General A. L. Lee through the cara
paigns in Western Louisiana, the expedition to Pascagoula,
and a part of the ill-starred Red River expedition. In
April, 1864, Major McClaughry was appointed by the Presi
dent Paymaster Uniled States Army and assigned lo duty at
Springfield, Illinois, where he continued on duty, paying off
the soldiers vvho were mustered out, until October 13th,
1865, when he vvas honorably discharged at his own request,
to enable him lo accept the noraination for County Clerk in
his nadve county of Hancock. He was elected to this
office in Noveraber following, and served until December
Ist, 1869. During this time he had become interested in
some extensive quarries near Keokuk, Iowa, and had re
ceived the contract for furnishing foundation stone for the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

new State Capitol at Springfield. This contract was com
pleted in 1870. In 1871 Major McClaughry removed to
St. Louis, having become interested in the quarries at Ste
Genevieve, Missouri ; but Ihe climate of St. Louis proved
unhealthy for himself and family and in 1872 he removed
to Monmouth, Illinois. A pordon of the year 1873 he spent
in Colorado to regain his broken health. In July, 1874, he
was offered the appointment of Warden of the Illinois Slate
Penilendaiy, at Joliet, Illinois, which he accepted for con
siderations affecting his health. He was at the tirae a
candidate for nomination to Congress by the Republican
Convention of the Tenth Congressional District of Illinois,
but his acceptance of his present position virtually withdrew
his narae. Had he not done so there is no reason to doubt
that he would have been norainated, as he had pledges of
their support from most of the counties in Ihe district. Had
the nomination taken effect, his executive ability, decision
of character and well-known qualifications as a first-class
public speaker, would have given him a place araongst the
foreraost in the House of Representatives at Washington,
and it is plainly his destiny to appear there, should health
and strength be granted him.

;iCKOX, VIRGIL, was born in Jefferson county,
in the northern part of New York, on July 12th,
i8o5. His parents emigrated from New Haven
county, Connecticut, in 1803,10 New York. He
received a coramon school education, and on
August 25th, 1828, started by wagon lo the then
almost unknown wilderness of Missouri. After a toilsome
journey of two months he arrived in St. Louis (a city then
containing but 5500 inhabitants) at twelve o'clock at noon.
The traits of energy and perseverance vvhich have dis
tinguished his later life, and from which raay be traced his
eminently successful career as a citizen and business man,
were here displayed in a marked manner. When one
o'clock came he found himself engaged as a journeyman
carpenter. At six o'clock he received Ihe sum of fifty
cents for his half day's labor, and frora that lime to the
present day he has hardly known an idle moment. He
remained in St. Louis until 1834, with the exception of
one year — 1833 — which he spent at the Galena Lead Mines.
On May 5th, 1834, he opened a store in Ihe city of Spring
field, where he has since resided, and in that business he
continued most of the time until January Ist, 1853. He
was one of Ihe pioneers of Ihe Chicago and Alton Railroad
(originally Ihe Alton and Sangamon), and w'as in the direc
tory of that road from its comraenceraent in 1851 until the
road was finished from Alton to Joliet. He also took an
active part in the construction of the road, and had charge
of the right of way from Alton to Joliet. All matters con
nected wilh taxation were under his sole control. From
him emanated the railroad law of 1855 regarding assessment

and taxation of railroad property, which continued in force
until 1872. He withdrew from his active connection with
Ihe road in May, 1874, having been connected with its
workings in active superintendence from 185 1. His office
stood in the same place for twenty-two years, and may
rightly be called an old landmark. He is a leading Demo
crat in the Slate, having acted as ' Chairman of the Demo
cratic State Committee for nearly twenty years. He was a
very intimate political and personal friend of the late Ste
phen A. Douglas. The last letter that Judge Douglas ever
dictated (the famous letter of May loth, 1861) was to him
in his official capacity. The original of the letter still
exists in the possession of Mr. Hickox. He has never been
a candidate for nor held public office wdth the exception of
being appointed Canal Coraraissioner in March, 1869, by
Governor Palraer, Ihe Governor at that time being a Re
publican. Pie served a terra of two years and was reap
pointed for the same length of lime. The bank of which
he is now President and manager, the Springfield Savings
Bank, was organized in 1867, he being one of the original
stockholders, but did not assurae executive charge until
January, 1874, when his name was needed to restore con
fidence in the resulting fright caused by the crisis. In
October, 1 839, he married a Miss Cabiness, from Kentucky.
He has six children now living, three sons and three
daughters ; has lived in the same house that he brought his
wife lo after raarriage for thirty-five years. In 1839, '40 and
'41 he was a Director in Ihe old State Bank, having been
appointed by Governor Carlin. In all his habits in business
and otherwise he has been an earnest disciple of Benjamin
Franklin, having taken his character as a guide from his
earliest youth. In an active business life of over forty-five
years his honesty and integrity have never been called in
question. And during all the panics of 1837, 1857 and 1873
no one ever heard him talk about or complain of " hard
times." His advice to all, and more particularly lo the
young men, is to " keep out of debt " and never to be idle.
He has alvvays claimed that it vvas as much a duty lo ob
serve and obey the injunction of " six d.ays shalt thou
labor" as it was to keep the one day (Ihe Sabbath) "holy."
Pie is a firm believer in the eleventh commandment, and
never violates it knowdngly. " Let every man, mind his
own business," he regards as the eleventh coraraandraent.
In politics, as heretofore stated, he has alw.ays been a Demo
crat of the Jeffersonian school — in fact, a disciple and fol
lower of Thomas Jefferson, and an advocate of the resolu
tions of '98 even to this day, notwithstanding the results of
the Civil War, contending that the Stales that seceded, or
whose people rebelled, never were out of the Union, and
that therefore all the reconstruction acts admitting these
Stales into the Union the second lime were in violation of
the letter and spirit of the Constitution of the United Stales.
In short, he declares himself in favor of the Constitution of
the United Slates as fraraed by the fathers of the country,
claiming that il needs no construction upon ils meaning.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

67

but that it should be taken literally as it reads, and that
every one vvho can read can understand it. Hence he op
poses all internal improvements by the general governmeni,
and all the improvements of even rivers and harbors ex
cept those actually needed for the defence of the whole
country. He is an advocate of absolute free trade in every
thing, holding that indirect taxialion in any form, eilher in
the shape of licenses or otherwise, is contrary to the prin
ciples upon which our institutions were founded. In other
words, that all revenue for all purposes should be derived
from direct taxes on property ; that no one should be re
quired to pay for privilege of being engaged in any sort of
business or occupation. He believes that the United Slates
should not own any property anywhere except what is
needed for forts and arsenals, and for the proper transac
tion of the public business al the seat of government. He
also holds that the whole postal system should and ought
to be abolished; that there are no good reasons why the
governraent should undertake to carry letters and papers
for individuals any raore than there are why it should un
dertake a general business of transportation ; claiming of
course that the price (three cents) for an ordinary letter to
be carried, whether one mile or one thousand miles, is an
unjust price : in other words, that if it is worth three cents
to carry a letter one mile it is worth more than three cents
to take one a thousand miles. In short, he maintains that
the laws of trade should regulate the transportation of what
is known as mail matter in the same raanner as such laws
regulate all other transportation.

r.AVIDSON, ORLANDO, Bank President, was
born, May 3d, 1825, in Windham, New Harap
shire, and is a son of James N. and Lucy (Lan
caster) Davidson. When he was two years old
his parents removed lo Amoskeag, in the sarae
Stale, and in 1835 settled in Sandusky, Ohio. In
this latter town he was educated in the coraraon schools,
where he reraained until nineteen years old, and then en
tered the banking house of A. Brand & Co., a wealthy and
very successful Chicago firra, wdth whom he remained until
1852, vvhen the senior partner, a Scotchman, closed up the
business on account of ill-health and returned lo his native
counlry. Pie was now appointed teller in the Marine Bank
of Chicago, which position he filled until 1854, when he
reraoved to Elgin and becarae interested in the grain busi
ness, which occupied his attention for about a year. Dis
posing of his interest in the store he next opened a private
bankino- house, where by his strict attention to business and
rigid integrity he soon won the confidence of the public,
and the enterprise proved a profitable one. He condnued
in the same until Ihe outbreak of Ihe Rebellion in 1861,
when he vvas forced to close up. This was owing, as raany
may remember, to the peculiar status of the Illinois banks.

whose notes were secured by deposit of bonds with the
Controller of the Currency. Very many, indeed a majority
of these, vvere bonds of Southern Stales, vvhich were now in
rebellion against the raajesty of the Union, and proved
worthless, as did also the notes based upon such " securi
ties." Subsequently the " Home Bank " charter was ob
tained and O. Davidson was made President of that corpo
ration, which office he yet retains. Since his residence in
Elgin he has been prorainently identified wilh ils prosperity,
and active in advancing the interests of the comraunily.
Pie has held various positions of trust and prominence.
In 1864 he was elected an Alderman, and served as such
for two years, during which period rauch was accomplished
by Ihe ciiy governraent; and to it, in no small degree, does
Elgin owe her present high position among her sister cities
of the Northwest. He has been a firm supporter of Repub
lican principles since the organization of that party, and has
labored earnestly in a quiet way to advance the interests of
that political body. He has been chosen as a delegate lo
many county and State conventions, and has ever carried
out Ihe wishes and instructions of the constituents he repre
sented to their entire satisfaction. He is Treasurer of the
Board of Trustees ofthe Northern Illinois Insane Asylura,
located at Elgin, and has filled that office since its incorpo
ration. He is also Secretary and a Trustee of the Elgin
Academy — one of the most successful schools in the State —
and has held this position for the past twenty years. In
1873 he visited Europe and saw raany of the most famous
cities in the Old World during his three months' tour.
Financially he has been very prosperous, and ranks among
the wealthy cidzens of Elgin. He is principally the archi
tect of his own fortunes, and by his ovvn energy and perse
verance has won for himself a position in society that few
attain. He was married in 1848 to Caroline A., daughter
of Jaraes T. Gifford, one of the earliest settlers of Elgin, and
is Ihe father of one son and four daughters.

FADING, JAMES NEWELL, Judge, was born
in Flemington, Hunterdon county. New Jersey,
August 8th, 1808, his father being Joseph Read
ing, a farmer. His first studies were pursued in
a common school and then a grammar school,
after vvhich he entered Princeton College, in the
junior class, in 1827, and graduated in 1829. He then
.studied law wilh Governor S. L. Southard, in Trenton, and
was admitted to Ihe bar of New Jersey in 1832. He prac
tised law in his native town from that lirae until 1850. He
vvas raarried February lolh, 1835, to Sarah C. A. Southard,
niece of the Governor. For fifteen years he was Prosecut
ing Attorney for Hunterdon county. In 1850 he went to
Jefferson county, Missouri, and was there as President of a
lead raining company for two years. He then returned to
Nevv Jersey, settled up his private business and moved to

68

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Morris, Illinois, where he now resides. He was led to the
place by the opportunities it presented for engaging in land
business, which he had observed on his vvay to Missouri.
His voice had neariy failed him, and he followed his pro
fession only partially, saving his voice thereby and ulti
mately recovering it fully, when he again resuraed his
practice in full. He engaged at once in a land business,
and condnues in it to this day. In 1865 he was elected
County Judge of Grundy county, vvhich position he has held
for ten years. He was also a raember of the Legislalure
frora the same county for one terra, and for a period Clerk
of the Circuit Court in the county. During his residence
in New Jersey he was al one time Colonel of a regiment of
milida. From 1869 to 1S71 he resided in Chicago and
practised law with Judge Wallace, after which he returned
to Morris. The judge is a genderaan very generally re
spected in his county and highly esteemed for his worth of
character.

[^URNHAM, EDWIN, Wholesale Druggist, and
son of Nathan and Rebecca Burnham, was born
in Middletown, Vermont, October 20lh, 1804.
Frora Ihe nuraber of Burnharas in that immediate
locality, and frora the fact Ihat his grandfather
was — like sorae of Ihe Western farraers of the
present day — an operator on a large scale, and the owner
of some thousands of acres of the valley, the place was
better known as " Burnham Hollow." Some members of
the family at the East, who cared more for ancestral records
than he, have been tracing the genealogy of the family, and
find that it look its rise in the tenth century. The narae
vvas uncoramon twenty years ago, but now is attaining
prominence in Ihis country, in connection wdth many things
of art, manufacture, and general enterprise. Owing to
some misunderstanding between the father and grandfather
of Edwin, growing out of the natural independence and
pride of character which is a family trait, his father and
faraily reraoved lo Jefferson county, Nevv York, in 181 1.
In Ihat locality his father had a fine farm and a small store
of the olden lime country fashion. The opportunities for
education were liraited; but he qualified himself by private
application in the leisure hours he could snatch betvveen
" working on the farm " and " clerking in the store," to act as
teacher of the district school in Adaras, a thriving town of
the county, about twelve railes frora bis home — Ellisburg.
Here, at the age of fifteen, he started in life for hiraself
Two years after he entered the service of Mr. Rosa, the
leading raerchant of the town, and vvhen nineteen years of
age was sent by his employer to New York city to purchase
goods for the house. That vvas at that lime a more ardu
ous trip than from New York lo San Francisco at Ihe
present dale. Two years later his employer, though loth
to part wdth hira, advised that he should seek a wider fijld
-for his talents. This he did in Utica, New York, where he

reraained sorae years. About 1829 there was a' great e::'-
citement concerning the benefits to be gained by young men
in New Orleans. Pie started out under that influence, and
reached Louisville, Kentucky, where he stopped to visit
some friends, and by them was persuaded to remain there,
which, however, proved a mistake. He supported himself
during the winter teaching book-keeping, in which he was
proficient, and then he returned to his old home in Ellis-
burgh, Jefferson county. New York. His father was an
" infidel " — the term then bestowed upon unbelievers in Ihe
doctrines of Calvin, and the Word as interpreted by hira.
It so happened, however, that Holland Weeks, who had
been formerly a leading light in the Presbyterian Church in
Bridgewater, Massachusetts, and one of their most able
preachers, had by some means met the writings of Emanuel
Swedenborg, and thereby become convinced of the falsity
of his theological views, and espousing the new light, was
tried for heresy and expelled frora the church (this was
sixly lo seventy years before the " Irving " trial), and had
raoved to the then wdlderness of New York. He had sev
eral attractive daughters, and when the young gentlemen
of the neighborhood went to see them it happened often
that the reverend father introduced the subject of the new
church. The peculiar clearness and rational explanations
vvhich these .doctrines afforded of the Word of God, and the
life here and hereafter, reclaimed Mr. Burnham from what
would have been an unbeliever's life; and thus from two
motives — Religion (he having previously been under the
influence of Mr. Weeks) and Love (for Ihe same gentle
man's daughter) — his return frora Louisville to Jefferson
county, New York, was brought about, and his establish
ment in business at Woodville in that county and marriage
wilh Elizabeth K. Weeks, on May 31st, 1832. He started
wdlh small capital, bul so managed his business that in the
crash of 1837 he weathered the storm handsomely. About
Ihat lime he had an excellent opportunity to join Oliver
Newbury, one of the pioneers of the forwarding steamboat
lines on the upper lakes, and accordingly, in 1838, removed
to Detroit, the then head-quarters, while Chicago was a
raere trading-post. Again his convictions of duty and love
raoved hira lo return to Jefferson coiinly. New York, lo
care for his revered father-in-law, HolLand Weeks, who
being stricken wilh paralysis in his old age, and needing a
daughter's and son's attention, it devolved upon hira, who
had never al any time shunned his duly, to return to the
East and care for him who had been, through Providence,
his leader lo the eternal joys. There he remained in busi
ness as a general dealer, /. t., combining in one stock all
kinds of merchandise — dry goods, hats, caps, ready-made
clothing, boots and shoes, hardware, iron, steel, nails,
groceries, drugs, wines and liquors, tobacco, etc. Il was
the common saying that you could "get anything at Burn-
ham's " that was ever called for. Here he reraained until
1854, when he removed to Chicago. While in Henderson
he held the office of Poslraaster for eight years- Although

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

-69

a straight-out Democrat, he held Ihe office through the
Whig administration; and at the close of his office the
Post-Office Department wrote him a very flattering letier,
and stated that in the time there had been but one differ
ence in accounts amounting lo five cents, and that not his
mistake. After arriving in Chicago he purchased an inter
est in the wholesale drug business wilh the firm of Sears &
Sraith, forraerly L. M. Boyce, and the first drug store estab
lished in Chicago. He remained in this business up to the
day, of his decease, September 28th, 1874, the latter part of
the lime doing business under the name of E. Burnham &
Son. This son is Edwin R. Burnham, who had been with
hira, first as book-keeper and afterwards as partner, during
all this tirae. The business, by former agreeraent, is con
tinued under the same name, adding " & Co." for partners
adraitted about thetirae ofhis decease. Mr. Burnham was
known as a man of the strictest integrity and uprightness of
character in every respect. He was an exceptionally cor
rect and model man in every relation of life, and carried out
in that life the exact teaching of his church, commonly
called Swedenborgian — properly Nevv Jerusalem. As
neariy as possible he was without a blemish, and his most
intimate friends during his later years best knew his perfec
tions. While possessing unusual strength and force of
character, his innate raodesty kept hira in the background,
and he was a suggester and worker behind the scenes,
while more self-asserting characters thrust themselves for
ward and reaped the prominence, benefit, and honor of his
counsels. He was not a money getter for the money's
sake, but for its use; and he never did an unjust act for
gain. He was one who "sweareth to his own hurt and
changeth not." The exaraple of such a life is worlh
everything to the present and future generations. To live
for the future as well as the present, and both well, vvas
regarded by hira as the acme of wisdora.

was born in
Mount Vernon, Ohio, August 29lh, 1831. His
father was Ilosraer Curtis, an attorney-at-law.
His raother's raaiden narae vvas Eleanor Melick.
Plis education was obtained at the High School
in Mount "N'ernon. When in his eighteenth year
he left home and followed his uncle, Colonel S.amuel R.
Curtis, to Keokuk, Iowa, where he becarae engaged in
mercantile pursuits. Colonel Samuel R. Curtis had been
in service in Ihe Mexican war, and during Ihe late rebellion
was promoted to General, succeeded Fremont in the cora
mand of his department in Missouri, and did effective ser
vice in driving ihe rebels from that Stale. When about
twenty-years of age Mr. Curtis selected the medical profes
sion and became a- pupil of John F. Sanford, a prorainent
practitioner of Keokuk, Iowa, and also at that time Profes
sor of Surgery in the Medical Department of Iowa Stale

University, located at Keokuk. At this institution he
matriculated, and received his mediial degree frora it in
1854, having passed Ihe regular course. Immediately after
graduating, he repaired to Nauvoo, Illinois, where he spent
but a few months, and then went to Chicago, where he re
mained until winter. In order to still further perfect hira
self in the science of his chosen profession, he determined
lo avail hiraself of the advantages of sorae of the Eastern
raedical colleges, and in accordance with these views, in
the winter of 1854-55 he took a course of lectures at New
York Medical College, vvhich at that time contained in ils
faculty Horace Green, Fordyce Barker, Doremus, Carno-
chan, and Peaslee, all eminent men in the profession. Re
ceiving from this college a diploma. Dr. Curtis returned to
the West and located in Chicago, in which city he contin
ued to practice for seven years, and during that lime
acquired considerable reputation as a surgeon ; performing,
among numerous operations, one which vvas of sufficient
importance lo be noticed by Ihe celebrated surgeon Gross,
in his "Work on Surgery," vol. ii. This operation — "ex
tirpation of the clavicle" — had only been performed twice,
and is considered a very difficult one in surgery. In 1862
Dr. Curds, on account of the failing heallh of his wife,
moved lo Clarksville, Missouri, and continued the practice
of his profession at that place until 1865. While here, on
Januaiy 28th, 1863, his vvife died. He was married to her
on November i8th, 1857. She was Ada, a daughter of
Sarauel Israel, of Mount Vernbn, Ohio. In 1865, at the
earnest solicitation of his old preceptor. Dr. Sanford, who
had a lively appreciation of the ability and scientific attain-'
ments reached by his pupil, Dr. Curtis was induced to leave
Missouri and becorae associated with Dr. Sanford at Keo
kuk ; vvhere, however, he only reraained for a year. In the
spring of 1866 he located in Quincy, Illinois, where he has
since resided and been in active practice. Although fol
lowing an extensive field of general practice, it is as an
oculist and surgeon that Dr. Curtis has acquired a reputa
tion, having performed many difficult operations that bore
evidence of his skill. Araong these may be raentioned, for
its boldness and novelty, the successful reraoval of the
entire superior raaxillary bone, with part of the palate and
molar bones, and the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid
up to this base. He has for the past six years acted as
Surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital in Quincy. He was mar
ried, on June 14th, 1864, to Elizabeth Jennings, of Mount
Vernon, Ohio. Although enjoying an extensive practice.
Dr. Curtis has at the same tirae, in connection wilh Dr. M.
F. Bassett and others, been largely interested in developing
the resources of the far western country. In 1873, wilh
olher parlies, he purchased a large tract of land in Kansas
(Barton county); on it the town of Great Bend has been
laid out, and owing to its beautiful location and nuraerous
advantages, it is rapidly increasing in population, and bids
fair to becorae one of the raost thriving and populous towns
in the State. Dr. Curtis and Dr. Bassett find in this

70

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

interest occasion to absent themselves from Ihe cares of pro-
fessionjil life for a week or two about twice a year, thus
securing relaxation from professional toil, and agreeable
and interesting change of climate, scenery, eraployraent,
and surroundings. And by their mutual efforts they- have
contributed in no small degree to the settleraent and devel-
opraent of one of the raost fertile and interesting portions
of the western counlry.

RNOLD, PION. ISAAC N., Meraber of Congress,
vvas born in Hartwick, Otsego county. New York,
Noveraber 30lh, 1815. Plis father was Dr. George
W. Arnold. His parents were natives of Rhode
Island, whence they moved to Nevv York about
1800. His education was obtained at the district
and select schools of the county, and the academy of the
village. These advantages he improved so well as to
acquire a very fair education for the duties of practical life.
At fifteen he was thrown upon his own resources. From
the age of seventeen to twenty he divided his lime between
academical studies, teaching school, and reading lavv ;
earning enough by teaching part of the year to enable him
to pursue his studies the olher part. The first law office he
entered as a student was that of Richard Cooper, of
Cooperstown, New York, a nephew of the author, J.
Fenimore Cooper. He subsequently becarae a student of
Judge E. B. Morehouse. Applying hiraself very assidu
ously he soon acquired sufficient knowledge of law business
to make his services in Ihe office available toward paying
his personal expenses, trying causes before a Justice's
Court, and otherwise earning an occasional fee. In 1S35,
when but twenty years of age, he wa-i admitted to the
Supreme Court of the Slate of New York. He immedi
ately entered into partnership wilh Judge Morehouse, with
whom he remained until he left for the West. His first
important case was a voluntary defence of a negro, sup
posed to have killed his brother in jealousy. The man
was acquitted, and this was the beginning of an extensive
criminal practice, in which no man charged with a capilal
offence, who was defended by hira, was ever convicted.
Pie arrived in Chicago in 1836 wilh but very limited means,
and opened a law-office. The city was n mere vilhage at
that lime, having but about three thousand inhabitants.
He soon entered into partnership with Mahlon D. Ogden,
and when in Ihe following year Chicago was incorporated
a-, a city, and William B. Ogden vvas elected ils first M.ayor,
Mr. Arnold was elected City Clerk. Professional business
rapidly increasing he soon resigned this office, and confined
himself to' the practice of law. He relates to his friends of
the present day the incidents of his early experiences, his
long and perilous journeys, horseback, and on foot, over
the wild prairies, his escapes from wolves and Indians,
and being lost in slorras, when out on the alraost boundless

sea of the prairies. In 1842 the Slate had become heavily
in debt on account of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, and
other improvements, and there was a strong disposition on
the part of many lo repudiate these debts. Mr. Arnold
took a bold stand against repudiation, and in ihe fall of
that year he delivered an address in Chicago, which vvas
afterward printed, upon the duty and ability of Ihe Stale lo
pay its debts. As the recognized champion of <anti-repudi-
ation he vvas elected to the Legislalure ; and in the session
of 1842-43 made the " Canal Bill " a specialty, urging the
completion of the work. As Chairraan of the Coramittee
on Finance he made an elaborate report on the same sub
ject, urging raeasures by Ihe adoption of which the canal
was subsequently completed. During Ihe same period he
opposed the enactment of certain laws relating to the sale
of properly upon execulion or judicial process ; and on
Iheir passage he carried the question up to the Uniled Slates
Supreme Court, under test cases, when the Court declared
the laws unconsdtulional and void. In 1848 he entered
wdth great earnestness into the " Buffalo Platform " Free
Soil movement, being a delegate to the Buffalo Convention,
and helping lo organize that nevv parly. He, and such
men as W. B. Ogden, Thomas Ployne, Daniel Brainerd,
and George Manierre, called a Free Soil Slate Convention
at Ottawa, Illinois, norain.ated a Van Buren and Adams
electoral ticket, and opened the first formidable anti-slavery
campaign in Illinois. Mr. Arnold took the slump with
great ardor, and this was the starling-point of that grand
moral revolution in American politics vvhich made Lincoln
President in i860, and finally abolished slavery. From
1848 to 1858, although taking an active part on the anti-
slavery side in every carapaign. State and national, he de
voted himself closely to his profession, being engaged in
many important civil and crirainal cases, and rapidly
achieving a high reputaUon. Also as attorney for the
Canal Board he gained an important suit, in which certain
lands were claimed by settlers by right of pre-emption.
The cases were taken to the Supreme Court. N. B. Judd
and Stephen A. Douglas were among the lawyers for the
claimants, and Mr. Arnold and R. S. Blackwell of those
for the Canal Trustees. Mr. Arnold claimed that the pre
emption did not extend to these lands, and his views were
sustained by the Court. In 1855 he was again elected lo
Ihe Legislalure. During this session he made an elaborate
and effective argument in reply lo those vvdio contended
that Governor Bissell, who had just been inaugurated, was
constitutionally ineligible lothe office in consequence ofhis
having accepted a challenge to mortal combat frora Jeffer
son Davis, while in Congress, arguing that the challenge
was accepted outside of the Stale and did not affect the
case. In 1858 he w.as an unsuccessful candidate for Con
gress before the Republican Convention of the second dis-
tricl. In i860 he was norain.ated for Congress from Ihat
district and was elected. During the campaign he addressed
a great multitude in the wigwam, at Springfield, for " Lin-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

71

-coin and Liberly." The next day, when parting from Mr.
Linco.ln, wdth whora he had for years been personally in
tiraate, Mr. Arnold said, "Good-bye, Mr. Lincoln; next
lime I see you I shall congratulate you on being President
elect." "And I you," said Mr. Lincoln, " on being Con
gressman elect." Whereupon Mr. Arnold remarked, " Well,
I desire to go to Congress, chiefly that I may aid you in
the great conflict with slavery that is before you." Mr.
Lincoln replied, " I know not what is before me, but if
elected, I will do my duly as God shall enable me to see il,
and if a conflict comes, ' thrice is he armed vvho hath his
quarrel just.'" Mr. Arnold was araong the very first
Northern raen who arrived in Washington in February,
1861, just previous to Lincoln's inauguration. Frora that
date until Mr. Lincoln's assassination he devoted all his
tirae and energies to the support of the President and the
Union, retiring frora his legal profession. When the raore
intense radicals becarae dissatisfied wilh Mr. Lincoln be
cause of his apparent unwillingness to adopt extreme meas
ures against slavery during the first year of the war, Mr.
Arnold and his colleague, Owen Lovejoy, did rauch to
neutralize this feeling, by expressing their entire confidence
in Mr. Lincoln as an anti-slavery raan. Mr. Arnold was
selected by the Illinois delegation in Congress to deliver an
obituary address upon the decease of Stephen A. Douglas,
and in honor of his raemory. This was his first speech in
Congress. In the following December he was appointed
Chairman of the select committees on the defences of the
great rivers and lakes, and in February, 1862, he made an
able report, showing the vast coraraercial and military im
portance of the same at the West, and strongly recom
mended the conversion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal
into a channel for the navigation of ships and steamboats.
He prepared and introduced a bill to this effect, and urged
ils passage. In June, 1862, he made a speech in supporl
of this measure. The bill, however, was lost. In January,
1863, he again raade a speech in its advocacy. He was
re-elected a meraber of the next Congress, and Speaker
Colfax appointed him Chairman of the Committee on Roads
and Canals. Pie reported and urged a bill providing for
an appropriation by Congress of ^6,000,000 lo aid the Stale
of Illinois in making the Illinois & Michigan Canal a
ship canal. The bill passed the House but was rejected by
the Senate. Pie retired from congressional life at the end
of this term. He was a raember of the Commillee on the
Pacific Railroad. Pie introduced and urged through Con
gress the act raaking all foreign -born soldiers who, after
service in the Union array, should be honorably dischsirged,
naturalized citizens of the United Stales. But especially il
was he who was the first to offer a resolution in Congress
for the emancipation of all the slaves of rebels, and the
abolition of slavery entirely in all parts of the counlry. In
January, 1864, he introduced a bill confirming the Presi
dent's Emancipation Proclamation. On his return to
Chicago, after the adjournment of Congress in July, 1864,

he had an enthusiastic public reception from the people of
the city. Pie ardently supported and defended Mr. Lincoln
during his renomination and re-eleclion in 1864, deliver
ing a strong speech in the Plouse, which was published and
widely circulated as a carapaign document. In June, 1863,
General Burnside, coramander of the militaiy department
vvhich included Chicago, issued an order for the suppression
of the Chicago Times for disloyal utterances. This created
intense excitement in the city, and an outbreak was immi
nent. Mr. Arnold was then in Chicago. A nuraber of
citizens of both parlies united in a request lo the President
to revoke the order. Mr. Arnold and Senator TrurabuU
sent a despatch to Mr. Lincoln, asking him to give prorapt
and serious attention to this request, and as a consequence
the order was revoked. Mr. Arnold declined a renomina
tion in 1864, and after Mr. Lincoln's renoraination devoted
hiraself during Ihat campaign lo public speaking in Illinois,
Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York.
With Mr. Lincoln's approval he vvas engaged during the
last year of the President's life in preparing a Life of Lin
coln and a histoiy of Ihe overthrow of slavery. To faciU
tate his labors, Mr. Lincoln tendered him the position of
United States District Attorney for District of Colurabia,
and also that of Auditor of the Treasury for Ihe Bost-Office
Department. But before the appoinlraent was made the
President was assassinated, and his successor appointed him
to Ihe Auditorship. Afterward, from dislike of Mr. John
son's political course, he resigned the office, and returned
to Chicago. Soon after Ihat he completed his historical
work, which was published in 1867. It forras a standard
work for reference upon the life of Mr. Lincoln, and the
downfall of slavery. He here resumed the practice of Jiis
profession. In 1869 he wrote a short sketch of Mr. Lin
coln, condensed from his larger work. In 1871 he published
a revised edition ofthe " Life of Lincoln." The house of
Mr. Arnold and most of its treasures were consuraed in the
great fire of October 9th, 1871, the faraily barely escaping
vvith their lives to the light-house, and from thence being
conveyed by a river tug through a gauntlet of fire and
other perils lo a point of safety on the west side of Ihe city.
Their adventures on this occasion are detailed at length in
an interesting account included in a published " History of
Ihe Great Conflagration." Mr. Arnold, now well along in
years, is enjoying a life of corafort and ease in his rebuilt
house in Chicago.

AGGETT, JOHN FLETCHER, M. D., was born
in Charlotte, Chittenden county, Verraont, on
February 15th, 1815. He received his medical
education at the Medical College of Pittsfield,
Massachusetts, and Woodstock, Verraont, frora
which latler institution he graduated in 1836. In
183s he emigrated frora his native Slate and coraraenced
the practice of his profession at Lockport, Illinois, where

72

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

he has resided ever since, being among the first settlers in
that town. In 1 87 1 he vvas elected as Representative frora
the I5lh District, now l8lh, in the State Legislalure, and
served one terra wilh great acceptance, and has also served
one term on the County Board of Supervisors.

>ING, HON. WILLIAM H., Lawyer, was born
October 23d, 1817, at Clifton Park, Saratoga
county. New York. He prepared for college at
H.amilton and Jonesville Academies, and entered
Union College in January, 1844, and graduated
with the class of 1846, a class of which that insti
tution is justly proud ; for of a membership of one hundred
and six, forty becarae lawyers, twenty-nine physicians and
eleven clergymen, and twenty-six entered on several voca
tions. The class furnished one Governor for Nevv York,
Hon. J. T. Hoffman; a Chief Justice for the State of Cali
fornia, Hon. Silas W. Sanderson ; an Assistant United
Stales Attorney-General and Solicitor of Internal Revenue,
Walter H. Smith ; also several merabers of Congress,
Judges, Legislators, College Presidents and Professors, all
men of sterling integrity and ability. Immediately after
leaving college he entered the law office of Hon. John K.
Porter, of Waterford, New York, who was one of the lead
ing lawyers of the Slate, and with whora he reniained until
his adraission to the bar in 1847, when he coraraenced the
practice of his profession in Waterford, where he reraained
until 1853, when he reraoved to Chicago, where he arrived
on Ihe 4th day of February, 1853, and where he has since
that time resided and practised his profession. Pie was
elected President of the village of Waterford, which office
he resigned in anticipation ofhis removal to Chicago. Very
soon after his arrival at Chicago he forraed a partnership
with Ira Scott, a forraer fellow law student, who had pre
ceded hira to the Western Slates. This partnership con
tinued until March, 1875, more than twenty-two years, and
during a portion of this time Solomon M. Wilson, brother
of that erainent jurist, Hon. John M. Wilson, and George
Payson, son of the well-known Rev. Edward Payson, were
members of the firm. Mr. King was for more than six
years, from May, 1868, to August, 1874, a member of the
Board of Education, and for more than three years Presi
dent of that body. The pressure of professional duties
caused him lo resign his position as President, and also as a
member of the Board, in August, 1874, vvhich was the subject
of universal regret among all the friends of the public schools,
as he had been the leading spirit in all the valuable reforms,
and had succeeded — where so many adminislradve officers
fail — in imbuing a general public interest in their welfare.
His annual reports were models in terseness and perspicuity.
As a memorial of the esteem in vvhich he was held by the
Board and the public, the new grammar school on Western
Avenue was named the " King School." No department

of the city administration so clearly established itself in the
confidence of Ihe public as the Chicago Board of Educa
tion, in the substitution of raoral suasion for corporal pun
ishraent. Mr. King, in his annual report in July, 1874, used
the following language : " The infliction of corporal pun
ishraent is no part of the duties of a teacher. The duty of
inflicting such punishment, whenever it exists, is within the
exclusive prerogative of the parent or guardian.'' The
press of Chicago was unanimous in commending his man
agement of school affairs. In 1870 he was elected a mem
ber of the Legislature of Illinois for the years 1871 and
1872. This was a most important Legislature : being the
first to assemble after the adopdon of the new constitution,
very momentous questions were to be acted upon. This
body was a raost creditable one, and probably the ablest the
State has ever had. In this body he occupied a very prorai
nent position, was Chairman of the Comraittee on Fees and
Salaries, and a raeraber of the Committee on Judicial De
partment, and of the Comraittee on Education. He was Ihe
author of the bill establishing Ihe fees and salaries of all
the officers in the Stale, which finally passed, as it proved
far superior to the one which originated in the Senate, and
was substituted for the Senate bill by Ihat House. He was
also Chairman of the Coramittee on Burnt Records. This
was a raost important committee. The records of the titles
to properly in Chicago and Cook county had been destroyed
by the great fire of October 8th and 9th, 1 87 1, leaving real
estate owners, or parties desiring to sell or mortgage prop
erly, in a helpless condition, in that they were unable to
prove their titles to their property, and legislative action be
carae necessary. He introduced a bill lo establish evidences
of title by a decree of the Court of Chanceiy, which was
finally passed, and has become a relief, and the only prac
ticable plan. His course while a meraber of the Legisla
lure received the unqualified approbation of his constituents,
and he was strongly urged to accept a renomination, which
he declined, as he also declined to accept any olher office.
The pressure of his professional duties deraanded all his
time and attention. He has been for several years President
of the Union College Alumni Association of the Northwest.
His speech at the first annual dinner of the Chicago B.ar
Association was widely copied by newspapers throughout
the State and country as one of the happiest efforts on that
occasion. He v^'as married, September 1st, 1847, lo Mary,
daughter of Levi and Plotina Cheney, of Orange, Massachu
setts, and is the father of two daughters. Mary, the eldest,
is the wife of Tappen Halsey, one of the proprietors ofthe
Chicago Homoeopathic Pharmacy ; Fanny, the youngest, is
a girl of fourteen, at present attending Ihe Chicago High
School. Mr. King has very strong attachments to his home,
his wife and children. For his success in life he awards lo
his wife, vvho is a woman of extraordinary good sense, ed
ucation and ability, a large share of credit. As a lawyer,
Mr. King stands in the front rank of his profession. The
following is an extract from " Sketches and Notices of the

7;m^^^ mM^.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

73

Chicago Bar," published in 1871 : " Mr. King is a trifle be
low raedium size, with keen black eyes, a good forehead, a
pleasant,'intelleclual face, and a quick, energetic, nervous
manner. His general appearance is suggestive of kindli
ness, and of an active, restless character. As a lawyer, Mr.
King occupies a very excellent position. His practice is
general, and his development very uniform. He is a good
lawyer, whether in preparing a case, in trying it, or in pre
senting it either to a court or jury. Pie is a lawyer whose
integrity is above all suspicion. He will only engage in
just litigation, and, once engaged, he. is one vvho gives the
case a most thorough and conscientious treatraent. He
stands among the very first of those of his profession who
may be relied on for indefatigable industry, painstaking
preparation and conduct of a case, unvarying courtesy
towards everybody with whom they come in contact, and
thorough and conscientious discharge of their duly to their
clients. These qualities have given him an excellent
standing and a lucrative and successful practice. Apart
from his profession, Mr. King is an affable, courteous gen
tleman. Pie has secured a competence frora Ihe practice
of law, and is sufficiently cultivated to perrait hira lo enjoy
life very thoroughly in his character as a private citizen."

p James, josiah L., Real Estate Operator, was
J| born in Scituate, Plyraouth county, Massachu
set sells, October 9th, 1791. Plis father, William
^ Jaraes, was a ship-carpenter, building ships for
the whaling interests of Nantucket and New Bed
ford. The son attended the coraraon school of
Scituate, after which he was a pupil in the private school
of Parson Flint, of Cohasset, for two years. At the age of
sixteen he becarae a clerk in a diy-goods store in Taunton,
Massachusetts. After serving here four years he started a
small dry-goods business ofhis own in the same town. He
next went to New York city and entered into a commission
business, selling copper for a large copper company in
Taunton, and dealing largely in iron, copper, and other
hardware. Pie reraained in the business for fifteen years,
when he raoved to Galena, Illinois, in behalf of the Taun
ton Copper Company, to exaraine Ihe copper raines there.
During his stay in New York he was raarried, in Raynhara,
Massachusetts, June i6ih, 1S16, to Araelia Washburn,
daughter of Plon. .Seth Washburn, of Raynhara. On
arriving in Galena he found nothing but surface diggings
of copper, but returned pleased with the appearance of the
country. Proceeding to Taunton he organized a colony of
fifty-four farailies, in corapany with J. II. Plarris, vvhich
they conducted west to Tazewell county, Illinois. On
arriving they entered thirty-five sections of land and one or
two sections of timber land. The choice in these Lands
was auctioned off among Ihe settlers, and fronr the fund
obtained by these premiums they built a church and a
10

school-house — true Yankee institutions among true Yan
kees. He himself bought a large farm there also. They
named the town Tremont. The next year, in company
with Mr. Harris and Mr. Lyon, he founded another colony
near by. After working a farra here for fifteen years, he,
in May, 1848, went to Chicago and entered the luraber
business wdlh a Mr. Haramond. He continued in this five
years, when he engaged in the real estate business with G.
A. Springer. This partnership continued for ten years,
after which he pursued the business alone until he retired
frora active life to confine his attention to overseeing the
raanagement of his own properly. He w,as at one period
an Alderman of Chicago, and has always borne a high
reputation for integrity and general worth of character.
Under the administration of Mayor Gurney he vvas for
some months, during that gentleman's absence, acting
Mayor of Ihe city. Pie is now President of the Old
People's Florae, of the Orphan Asylura, and of the Woraan's
Hospital — all of them Chicago institutions.

EAN, MASON STILLMAN, Dentist, was born in
Piltsford, Verraont. His parents were natives
of Massachusetts, and five children were born lo
thera — Mary Adaline, the only daughter, vvho
died in 1844 of pulraonary consuraption; Williara
Franklin, Mason Stillman, Zebina Thoraas, and
Jaraes Alexander, four sons. Of these, both Franklin and
Thomas received not only a full collegiate education, but
also studied medicine, graduated, and practised for some
time in Milan, Ohio. The forraer obtained his degree at
the Woodstock Medical College, and after several years'
practice received a second diploma from Ihe Jefferson
Medical College, Philadelphia. During the rebellion he
entered the array as Surgeon, and was assigned to an Ohio
regiraent. In the retreat of General Pope's army, near
Washington, in August, 1862, he became exhausted by
excessive labor and hunger, and died at Washington in
Septeraber of that year. After the lapse of only three
months Zebina Thoraas Dean, who had graduated in the
arts at Middletown, Connecticut, and in medicine both at
Cincinnati and Cleveland, Ohio, died of pulmonary con
suraption. The next death in the faraily vvas Uiat of their
raother, Mrs. Dean, which occurred al Dighlon, Massachu
setts, in April, 1868 ; and their father followed her, Decera
ber i8lh, 1874, in the eighty-fifth year of his age, he having
died at the residence of his youngest son, at Athens, Ten
nessee. The latter — the Rev. Jaraes Alexander Dean,
A. M., D. D. — is President of the East Tennessee Wesleyan
University, and he, vvith his brother. Dr. Mason Stillman
Dean, are the only survivors of Ihe family. The lasl-men-
lianed was generally known by the single name of Slillraan.
When he was about six years old, Ihe faraily removed to
De Peyster, Sl. Lawrence county. New York, vvhere his

74

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

father was engaged in farming, vvhile during the winter
months he taught school in his own and the neighboring
districts. In 1837 he removed to Ogdensburg, in order
that his children might enjoy the educational advantages
afforded by the acaderay in that place, then conducted by
the celebrated Taylor Lewis. At this institution, and at
the Gouverneur Wesleyan Serainary, Slillraan acquired a
fair knowledge of the higher branches of education, being
occupied raeanwhile in teaching both in Ogdensburg and
Lisbon — a small town on Ihe Sl. Lawrence river, six railes
distant from Ogdensburg. In 1843 ^^ coraraenced the
study of raedicine in the office of Drs. Loughlin and Mayo,
in Ogdensburg, which he pursued for eighteen months,
during which time he went over the entire course of medi
cal study, but pursued it no farther. He now resolved to
study dentistry, and having that object in view, entered the
office of D. C. Ambler, M. D., where he remained about a
year. In the autumn of 1846 he went to Canada West, and
practised dentistry in the towns of Dundas, Gall, and
Guelph ; and then removed lo Milan, Ohio, where he con
tinued for some years. In 1852 he proceeded to Marshall,
Michigan, where he successfully practised his profession
until 1864, when he removed to Chicago, vvhere he has
since remained. He has always manifested a deep interest
in the advancement of the cause of dental education, and
has taken a prominent part in the various associations
which have that object in view. He was one of the organ
izers of the Illinois Stale Society, of which he was raade
President in 1869, and has been twice elected to the sarae
office in the Chicago Dental Society. He has likewise
served for five years as the Recording Secretary and Chair
man of the Publication Commillee of the Araerican Dental
Association, and is now (1875) the President of th.at body.
His wridngs on subjects relating lo his specially raay be
considered very creditable, both in a literary and scientific
point of vievv. Sorae of thera have appeared in various
dental journals, ihough Ihe greater part have been published
eilher in the "Transactions of the Illinois State Dental
Society" or of Ihe "American Dental Association." An
essay showing Ihat Ihe lime sails of the absorbeal deciduous
teeth may be reapproprialed by any ofthe tissues requiring
these materials is considered by him the most noteworthy.

¦ ANFORD, EDWARD, Lawyer, was born in Say-
brook, Connecdcul, August 28th, 1833; his
father being Edward Sanford, a farmer in that
place. He first attended the comraon school,
then an academy at S.aybrook, and then Williston
Seminary, at East Hampton, Massachusetts,
where he filled himself for college. In 1850 he entered
Yale, and graduated in the class of 1854. He then taught
Latin in the Slate Normal School of Connecticut for six
months, after which he went to Morris, Illinois, in Ihe fall

of 1854, and was Superintendent ofthe schools ofthe place
for a period of eighteen raonths. August ist, 1855, he vvas
married to Mary S. Reading, daughter of Hon. J. S. Read
ing, of Morris. During his last year in college he had
turned particular attention to law. Again, after teaching
in Morris, he resumed ils study with Judge Reading, and
in 1857 he was admitted to the bar of Illinois. Since that
time he has been engaged in the practice of law, with espe
cial attention to loaning money and lo suits connected with
real estate. He was also at one period County Superin
tendent of schools in Grundy county, Illinois. It was in
Mr. Sanford's office that the faraous Granger movement
was inaugurated ; the result of the consultations of a few
men with regard to the question of cheap transportation to
the seaboard ; the movement not having then acquired its
present feature of a tirade against railroads.

y ENDALL, HENRY WILMER, M. D., was born
'\) in Cheviot, Hamilton county, Ohio, September
^ I5lh, 1 83 1. His father, Dr. Richard Gardner
Kendall, was from Morristown, New Jersey, but
reraoved to Cheviot, where he enjoyed an exten
sive practice for a period of forty years. His
raother was Ann Brown, also from New Jersey. His edu
cation was obtained at Farmers' College, Mount Pleasant,
Ohio, and when about seventeen years of age he determined
lo follow the medical profession, and accordingly com
raenced his studies wdth his father, and in 1851 matricu
lated al the Ohio Medical College in Cincinnati, graduating
therefrom in the spring of 1853. He then repaired to
Kentucky, in Boone county, and taught school near Bur
lington, still following his medical studies. In Ihe fall of
Ihe sarae year he located himself in Quincy, Illinois, where
he reraained for .., short lirae only, removing thence to
Liberly, about eight miles east of Quincy, where he prac
tised for three years. In the fall of 1856 he went lo Pay-
son, in the same county, and stayed there until the breaking
out of the war in 1861, vvhen he received the appointment
of Surgeon of the 50th Regiraent Illinois Infantry. Dr.
Kendall continued in the service until the close of the war,
raost of the time doing duty as Surgeon in charge of Ihe
carap located at Quincy. In 1863 he passed the Medical
Board of Examiners at Louisville, Kentucky, and received
frora President Lincoln an appointment as Assistant Sur
geon of Volunteers, and for a vvhile was attached to the
2d Division l6th Army Corps. Since leaving the service
he has been in active practice in Quincy, where he now
enjoys a very extensive repulalion as an able practitioner.
Although attending to a large general practice, the doctor
has more particularly in the past ten years given especial
attention to surgery, and enjoys the reputation of being a
skilful operator. In the winter of 1870 he attended a
second course of lectures and graduated at Jefferson Medical

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

75

College, Philadelphia, having t.akcn the first course there in
the wdnler of 1859 and '60. In the interest and advance
ment of the profession Dr. Kendall is zealous, and is an
active member of various medical associations. Of the
State Medical Society he has been a member since 1S67,
and ofthe Adams County Society since his residence in the
county. He is also a member of the Pathological Medical
Society of Qaincy. He was married Noveraber 6lh, 1856,
la Frances Caroline Collins, of I.linois.

I^UDD, PION. NORMAN BUEL, was born at
J J| Rorae, Oneida county. New York, January loth,
^l| 1815. His father, Norman Judd, settled in
'^ Oneida county as early as 1812 wilh his wife,
Catherine Van der Heyden, who was a daughter
of Adam Van der Heyden, of Troy, New York.
Norman Buel Judd received a liberal education, and fitted
hiraself for college at the Grosvenor High School, in Rorae,
but notwithstanding the desires of his father that he should
coraplete his studies in a college course, he chose rather lo
relieve his father of the burden which such a step vvould
necessarily impose, and decided to quit the school-room for
the larger school of the world. Not unlike hosts of olher
young men in that day and Ihis, he tried wilh raore or less
success and satisfaction raerchandising, the newspaper office
and the physician's study. Neither of these pursuits or
professions were congenial, and the young man entered the
law office of Wheeler & Barnes, attorneys in Rome, New
York, and here found his true vocation. His law studies
were diligently prosecuted wdlhout intermission with the
above gendemen and Foster & Stryker until 1836, when he
attained his majority and was duly entered at Ihe bar.
Among his early associates in the High School at Rome
w.as the present ex-Chief-Juslice of the Supreme Court of
Illinois, J. D. Caton, who, having completed his studies
earlier, had reraoved to Chicago and coraraenced the prac
tice of his profession. When Mr. Judd vvas adrailted to the
bar Mr. Caton invited hira to join hira in the new country,
and he accepted Ihe invitation wilh alacrity. Pie arrived
in Chicago in Noveraber, 1836, and shortly thereafter en
tered into law parnership with Mr, Caton. The liraited
space of this article will not serve lo recount a lithe of Ihe
interesting episodes in the life of a young lawyer in a village
scarcely out of its swaddling garments, for such Chicago was
at that day; but the firm of Caton & Judd was, it raay be
understood, prominently identified wilh whatever belonged
'fj the growing interests of the young ciiy. Mr. Judd had
arrived, as above stated, in November, and a month later
was delegated to draw up for presentation lo the Legislature
the first charter for Ihe city of Chicago, which he did, using
the charter of Buffalo, New York, as a guide. The bill
for this charter, as drafted by him, was passed by the Legis
lalure, then in session at Vandalia. Pie was elected in

die following year to the office of City Attorney, which
position he occupied for two years. In 1838 Judge Calon
reraoved f.ora Chicago, and the partnership vvas dissolved.
Mr. Judd in this year entered into a partnership with J. Y.
.Scammon, which continued nine years. In the first year
of this association Mr. Judd vvas appointed Notary Public
and Attorney for Cook county. After the termination of
his business connection wilh Mr. Scammon he formed a
copartnership wilh Judge John M. Wilson, under the name
of Judd & Wilson, vvhich continued until Judge Wilson
was elected Judge of the Court of Coraraon Pleas. In 1842
Mr. Judd was elected a member of the Board of Aldermen
of Ihis city. In 1844 he was elected by the Democrats lo
a seat in the Stale Senate, in the place vacated by Hon.
Samuel Hoard, and represented the district of Cook and
Lake counties for the unexpired terra. He was in 1846 re
elected to the Senate, bul the new constitution of 1848
terminated his office, and he was elected under the new
constitulion to the same office in 1848, in 1852, and in 185S,
making a continuous term of service of sixteen years. It
was during these years that the legislation in Illinois estab
lished the great railroad corporations which to-day exist in
Ihal Slate, and Mr. Judd was prominently identified in that
legislation, he having become an expert in the study and
practice of railroad law. During the years from 1848 to
i860 he served as attorney of the Michigan Southern &
Northern Indiana Railroad Company ; attorney and Director
ofthe Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific ; attorney and Director
ofthe Mississippi & Missouri Railroad; as President ofthe
Peoria & Bureau Valley Railroad Company ; attorney for
the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad ; a Director
of the Chicago, Milwaukee Railroad, and as President of
the Railroad Bridge Corapany at Rock Island, Illinois.
These were busy years, and that Ihe energy and industry of
the Senator, as well as the skill and talent of the lawyer,
were rewarded wilh fruits vvhich vvill last while the Stale
and nation exist cannot be doubted, when it is taken into
consideration that in these years the State of Illinois was by
wise legislation raised from a prairie wilderness lo a proud
place among the Stales of the nation, that her impaired
credit was restored and a system of railroads established
wdiich has built up the city of Chicago and pul its future
prosperity beyond peradventure. Although Mr. Judd is yet
alive, it is not undue praise nor flattery to alliibule the firm
foundation of the prosperity of the Stale of his adoption
largely to the wdse legislation which he was so actively en
gaged for several years in framing and putting into material
use; and lo say that Ihe organizalion of the State courls of
justice in Cook and Lake counties was raoulded largely
by his legal knowledge and vigor. The agitation of the
Missouri Coraproraise repeal, which was brought about
by the admission of Ihe free Slate of California into the
Union in 1850, and Ihe subsequent bill for Ihe admission
of Kans.as and Nebraska under the popular sovereignly
policy of Douglas, called Mr. Judd into more general promi-

76

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

nence. Pie vvas a stern and untiring advocate of the anri-
Nebraska policy, and found himself at the outset one of a
hopeless minority in his own parly. This minority, how
ever, held the balance of power in the Legislature, which
in 1855 was called upon to elect a successor to Hon. James
S. Shields, Uniled Slates Senator, who had voted for ihe
repeal of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and in order
to defeat the pro-slavery Democrats. Mr. Judd, aftjr a
conference with the representative Whigs who supported
Mr. Lincoln, brought about a coalition, wdiich united on
Lyman TrurabuU, Ihe candidate of the anti-slavery Derao-
crats, who was elected. This event brought hira in closer
intimacy and clearer prominence vvith the political leaders
in lUinois at that lime, and from this time dates his pard-
cular intimacy with Abraham Lincoln. The course pur
sued by Mr. Judd in this election called out bitter impreca
tions frora Douglas and Ihe pro-slavery Deraocrats, but Ihe
people of his district testified their re:ard for his conduct
by re-electing him Senator at the election immediately suc
ceeding. Pie vvas in 1856 elected a delegate to the Bloora
ington Convention of Whigs, Deraocrats opposed to the
repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and Araericans ; was
raade a raeniber of the coraraittees on resolutions in that
convention, and assisted in drafting the platforra of the new
parly, which was the future RepubUcan party. He was at
this tirae appointed Chairraan of the Slate Republican Exe
cutive Comraittee, vvhich position he held until 1861. Hevvas
also Chairraan of the Republican delegation to the Philadel
phia National Convention vvhich norainated John C. Fremont
for Presideni in 1856; was made the Illinois representative
on the National Republican Commillee, vvhich position he
also held until 1861. The great senatorial carapaign of
1858 betvveen Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas
was opened by the latter in Chicago on the gth of July of
that year, and the former vvas present to hear the speech.
At this time Mr. Judd had matured plans for a contest be
tween tho.se giants which .should ecUpse anything the politics
of the State had ever known ; and his connection wilh that
celebrated debate is best illustrated by the following note
frora Mr. Lincoln to Mr. Douglas, which was placed in the
latter's hands by Mr. Judd on the 24th of July, 1858.
" Hon S. a. Douglas :
" My Dear Sir :— Will it be agreeable to you to raake an
arrangement for you and myself to divide lime and address
the same audiences the present canvass? Mr. Judd, who
vvill hand you Ihis, is authorized lo receive your .answer,
and, if agreeable to you, lo enter into the terras of such an
arrangement. Your obedient servant, "A; Lincoln."
The conduct of that celebrated carapaign was, so far as
Mr. Lincoln was concerned, largely in Mr. Judd's hands,
and as a result Ihe two raen were raore than ever firmly
bound in friendship and confidence. In a caucus of the
Republicans of Ihe Legislalure in the winler of 1859 .and
i860 Mr, Judd was present by courtesy, and a proposition

was raade to narae Mr, Lincoln on the Republican ticket
for Vice-President, when he asked perraission to speak and
warmly protested against the use of Mr, Lincoln's name in
the second place, saying that if it were lo be u.sed al all it
must be at the head of the ticket, and that it would be im
politic to challenge the prominent candidate at that time.
It vvas finaUy unaniraously agreed that Mr. Lincoln's name
should not be given to the public in any way at that lime.
Mr. Judd had an eye to the future, however. In January,
l86o, the Republican National Coramittee met at the Astor
House in New York city, for the purpose of fixing upon
Ihe place vvhere the National Convention should be held,
and on the nineteenth ballot the choice of the committee
was Chicago, by one ballot in the m.ajority. The conven
tion asserabled on June l6th, i860; Mr. Judd nominated
Abraham Lincoln for President, and he was chosen on Ihe
third ballot. Mr. Lincoln was elected in the succeeding
autumn, and upon the eve of his election it became evident
from the agitation at the South that some measures should
be taken to quiet affairs. A " Peace Convention " of all
the Stales was proposed. Mr. Judd was opposed to the
election of commissioners from Illinois until after the ma
jority of the Stales besides had elected commissioners, lest
and for the reason that the word of Mr. Lincoln was under
stood to be the policy of the State, and his counsel pre
vailed. When the President-elect was to make his journey
lo Washington, vvhich will ever be memorable, Mr. Judd
was selected as one of a few, very intimate friends lo ac
company him from .Springfield, and that Mr. Lincoln did
not lose his life at that lime is undeniably due to the watch
fulness and extreme care with which that journey was
executed. Mr. Judd, Mr. Allan Pinkerlon, Mr. Sanford,
President of the American Express Company, and Mr.
Franciscus, General Manager of the Pennsylvania Central
Railroad, at a secret raeeting, planned a foil which w-as suc
cessful, and enabled Mr. Lincoln to arrive al the Capilal
safely. Mr. Judd was immediately upon the forraation of
Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet appointed Mini.ster of the United
States to Prussia, and he resided in BerUn until he resigned,
at the request of President Johnson. After his recall from
the mission he was elected to Congress from Chicago,
having been norainated over John Wentworth, and served
in the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, closing his term
of service on Ihe 4lh of March, 1871, at Ihal lime formally
declining any further nomination. He while in Congress
introduced resolutions which went far toward moulding the
legislation of this counlry for protecting Ihe rights of
naturalized citizens of the United States in foreign countries,
and the treaties between the United Slates and foreign
powers for carrying out such legislation. In 1868 he intro
duced a bill, vvhich was passed by Congress on July 14th,
1870, creating certain interior cities of the country ports of
entry under the customs laws, placing them upon a level
with the ports of the seaboard, and facilitating the iraporta
tion of merchandise to the interior.' Pie also introduced

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

77

resolutions in Congress vvhich have resulted in legislation
for the enlargement and establishing of the outside harbor
of Chicago. O-i July 17th, 1872, he was appointed Col
lector of Customs of the Port of Chicago, which position he
at present occupies. He vvas raarried in 1844 to Adaline
Rossiter, of Chicago. His career has been one of unusual
activity in the private pursuits, as well as in the wider
sphere of polidcal life, during a period in the history of
this country unequalled for ils strife and turmoil.

'ROUSE, JOHN N., D. D. S., was born, September
15th, 1843, near Downingtown, Chester county,
Pennsylvania. He is a son of Daniel and Mary
(Mowrerer) Crouse ofthe sarae State. His father
was engaged in agricultural . pursuits generaUy,
but raore particularly in stock-raising. In the
vvork on the farra he was raaterially assisted by his son, who
during the winler and inclement raonlhs of the year at
tended the village school in Chester county, where his
preUminary education was obtained. In 1856 the family
reraoved to Carroll county, Illinois, as Daniel Crouse had
determined to give his entire attention to stock-raising.
His son, on reaching the Slate, entered the Mount Carroll
Seminaiy, and obt<ained an excellent education during Ihe
three years' course of study which he pursued there. After
leaving that instilulion he selected the raedical profession
as the one raost in accordance with his taste, and thereupon
he entered the office of Eby & Crouse, practising physicians,
who were located in Mount Carroll — then, in 1859, a town
of considerable importance, and containing a population of
2500 inhabitants. During Ihe continuance of his studies
there he occupied a portion of his tirae in teaching school
as a means of self-support. At this lime his attention was
particularly directed to dentistry, owing to Ihe fact Ihat Dr.
Eby, of Eby & Crouse, vi'as a dental practitioner. He novv
determined to abandon his medical studies and devote hira
self exclusively to the dental profession, as one from which
a competence could be raore readily acquired; and with
this end in view repaired to Philadelphia in 1863, where he
entered the PhUadelphia Dental College, also attending a
night course in anatomy at the Jefferson Medical College.
In 1864 he returned to Mount Carroll, and re-entering the
office of Eby & Crouse he assumed charge of the dental
department, and succeeded in building up an extensive and
lucradve pracdce. In the fall of 1864 Dr. Eby retired,
and Ihe firm now became known as Crouse & Brother,
medical and dental practitioners, and this partnership
continued until Ihe spring of 1867; although during the
winter of 1866-67 John N. Crouse attended his second and
last course at the Pennsylvania Dental College, of Philadel
phia, where he graduated wilh the degree of D. D. S. On
his return to Mount Carroll he resumed his practice, con
tinuing there until the following year, 186S, when he

removed to Chicago, as affording a more extensive field
for one of his atlainments. He is considered a first-class
operator, and stands deservedly high in his profession, pie
became one of the charier merabers of the Illinois State
Dental Association, which was formed in 1864, and has
alvvays taken an active part in their proceedings. Con
tributions are occasionally furnished by him lo the dental
journals. He is a man of positive ideas, and withal quite
logical. Taking a great pride in his profession, he aims lo
excel in all ils details. In pursuance of this ambition he
has taken one course in the Chicago Medical College, and
expects to take the degree of M. D. in due time. In re
ligious belief he is a Baptist. He was married in 1870 to
Arvilla Hull, from Clinton, New York.

OLER, EDWARD 0. F., A. M., M. D., Physician,
was born, March 6lh, 1833, near Winchester,
Virginia, and is a son of P. W. and Catharine
(Carson) Roler, both of these being descendants
of old Virginia families. During his childhood
his parents removed to Elkhart county, in the
northern part of Indiana, where he received his preliminary
education. In 1852 he entered Ihe Asbury University, and
subsequently completed a collegiate course. In 1862 his
Alma Mater conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts.
Having raade choice of the raedical profession as his future
sphere of action, he became in 1856 a student under Dr.
W. H. Byford, and also attended the lectures delivered in
the Rush Medical College of Chicago, from which institu
tion he graduated in 1859. He forthwith comraenced
practice in Chicago. In 1861 he entered the army as an
Assistant Surgeon of the 42d Regiment Illinois Volunteers,
and in the course of a few months was proraoted to Ihe
rank of .Surgeon, and transferred lothe 55lh Regiraent. He
held this position for about a year, when he was appointed
Medical Director of the 15th Array Corps, and was at
tached to the staff of General Sherman, serving subse
quently with General John A. Logan. He retired from
the array at the close of the war, after having rendered
valuable service, and won the esteera of all wilh whora he
was connected. In order to still further perfect hiraself in
his profession he went abroad, and reraained in Europe for
a year, studying in Ihe University of Berlin and hospitals
in Vienna. He returned to Chicago in 1867, and has since
been actively engaged in a large and growing practice. In
this sarae year he was appointed Lecturer on Obstetrics and
the Diseases of Woraen and Children in the Chicago
Medical College, and in 1868 was duly installed as pro
fessor of the sarae, in connection with Dr. W. H. Byford.
He is gradually directing his private practice to this spe
cially. He is a raan of scholarly attainraents, and is par
ticularly well read in the literature of Ihe profession. He-
has at various tiraes contributed valuable cases and reports

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

to the medical journals. He vvas raarried in 1867 lo Do-
retta, only daughter of Rev. Charies Doering, D. D., of
Beriin, Prussia, Superintendent of the Methodist Foreign
Missions in Germany.

jOGERS, TIMOTHY, Manufacturer, was born in
Vernon, ToUand county, Connecticut, Noveraber
I5lh, i8og. His parents were Lee L. and Rhoda
(Diraraock) Rogers, both natives of Connecticut.
The education he obtained was such as the coun
try schools of that period afforded. When of
proper age he was apprenticed and learnt the carriage and
wagon trade in Mvnchester, Connecticut. After serving
his time he engaged in the business for himself in Ihe town
of Somei'svUle, Connecticut, vvhere he reraained until 1838-
During his residence there, and in 1832, he raarried Dorothy
M. Billings, a native of the place. Having secured vvhat
in that drae was considered a snug sura, he decided
to seek a more extended field of operations, and conse
quently removed to Quincy, Adams county, Illinois, in the
year 1838. The town contained then about one thousand
inhabitants, and in Mr. Rogers' line of business there were
only a few sraall shops, engaged raostly in repairing. Wilh
the activity characlerislic of the New Englanders, he im
mediately commenced the manufacture of wagons and
plows, and the excellence of his productions soon gave him
a reputation, and secured him a large and yearly increasing
trade. The business was conducted by him alone until
1847, when he associated wdth hira Charles H. Winn, wdro
was a raeraber of the firra until 1854. From 1847 '° 1852
this firm were in all probability the largest manufacturers
of wagons and plows in the Slate, turning out annually in
the neighborhood of from seven thousand to eight thousand
plows, and six hundred lo eight hundred wagons, employing
a force of about sixly raen. They suppUed most of Ihe
wagons that vvere used at ihat tirae in northern Missouri
and western Illinois, and the reputation acquired by the
Rogers' wagons and jjlows still exists. He vvas araong
the first manufacturers of plows that would scour. After the
reliremenl of Mr. Winn, in 1854, Mr. Rogers conducted the
business himself until 1864, when he retired from it and
was succeeded by his sons, William T. and Edward A.,
who still carry on the trade, and were obliged to increase
Iheir facilities in 1871, which they did by erecting a large
building on Ihe corner of Fourlh and Oak streets. On his
retirement from the trade he had so successfully established
Mr. Rogers did not remain inactive. Becoming possessed
of the properly known as Ihe "Adams House," now styled
the "Occidental," he has since conducted that hotel wilh
Ihe sarae energy and success Ihat characterized hira in his
previous avocation. In 1872 he erected on the southeast
corner of Hampshire and Sixth streets one of the finest
blocks that adorn the business portion ofthe city. Although
eschewing politics, he has several limes been chosen as the

Republican candidate for Mayor, but owing to the tovvn
being largely Democratic has never secured an election. In
all his opinions he is candid and outspoken, exceedingly
independent, and curries favor with none, hence he is not
calculated to make a successful politician. These traits of
character were early developed and have remained with
him through life. His competence is due to his own
industry, prudence, and unswerving integrity. Though
well advanced in years he is still robust and acdve, and
enjoys the confidence and esteera of all who corae in con
tact with him. He has represented the city in Council.

|)EAKE, PION. JOSEPH B., Brevet Brigadier-
General United Slates Volunteers, Lawyer and
Soldier, was born April Ist, 1828, in Deerfield,
Curaberland county, Nevv Jersey, and is of Welsh
extraction, the faraily being among the earliest
settlers of Ihal colony. Plis father removed to
Cincinnati, in which city the son received his preparatory
education, and subsequently entered Miarai University at
Oxford, Ohio, frora which institution he graduated in the
class of 1846. He shortly after this entered the law office
of Hon. W. S. Groesbeck, vvhere he remained until he be
came quaUfied for the profession, and vvas admitted to the
bar of Ihe Suprerae Court of Ohio, January l6th, 1850.
He practised law in Cincinnati for about six years ; aud
then removed to Davenport, Iowa, where he opened an
office, and devoted himself with great assiduity to building
up a lucrative business. In the summer of 1861 he vvas
elected a meraber of Ihe Legislalure, vvhich convened in
that year and is farailiarly known as the " war session ; "
and in the autumn of the same year he was elected lo the
Stale Senate from Scott county. He served through the
session which commenced in Januaiy, 1862, and at the
close was elected President of the Senate/;-;; tem. At the
second call of the President for more men in the summer
of 1862 he resigned his seal in the Senate, recruited a com
pany, of which he was elected Captain, and mustered into
Ihe 20lh Iowa Infantry, on the organizalion of wdiich regi
ment he was coramissioned Lieulenant-Colonel, and as
such comraanded the regiraent until the close of the war.
His first service was in the array of the frontier, under
General Schofield, and afterwards under Generals Blunt
and Heron ; Ihe first campaign terminated at the baUle of
Prairie Grove, Arkansas, December 7th, 1862. In the
spring of 1863 General Heron's Division, to wdiich Ihe
20lh Iowa then belonged, was sent to pardcipate in the
siege of Vicksburg, vvhere it remained until the final sur-
render\of Ihat stronghold, July 41h, 1863. His next service
wilh the division was in the capture of Yazoo City; thence
they were sent lo Port Pludson, and then to New Orleans.
The division vvas ordered to Morganzia, and in an engage
ment while on this expedition he vvas wounded and cap-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

79

tured by the rebels, and sent to Tyler, Texas, where he re
mained until July, 1864, when he vvas exchanged and sent
to New Orleans. Wilh his regiment he aftervvards parlici-
paled in the capture of Forts Gaines and Morgan, when
they again returned to New Orleans. They vvere next
ordered into Arkansas during the Price raid. In the spring
of 1865 the regiraent was attached lo the I3lh Array Corps,
Array of the Gulf, and joined in Ihe operations against
Mobile, by way of Pensacola, reaching the former city to
assist in ihe siege and capture of Fort Blakely and Spanish
Fort, Ihe defences of Mobile. The regiment remained in
that city until the close of the war, or until ordered home
to be mustered out, vvhich was done at Clinton, Iowa, in
the summer of 1865. This regiraent vvas in active service
from the date of ils rauster into the array until discharged,
and never remained over six weeks al any one point during
ils entire term of service. His war record is a good one,
he having been brevetted Brigadier-General of Volunteers
for bravery on the field. On his return horae he resumed
the practice of his profession. At the general election
held the same fall he was again sent lo the Senate by the
Republican party, and served throughout the session, com
mencing Januaiy, 1866, as Chairman of the Judiciary
Coraraittee. In the foUowing year he resigned his seat in
the Senate and retired from political life, devoting himself
with great energy to the law, which gave him a large
and remunerative practice. lie vvas elected attorney for
the county, and was also a raember and President of the
Board of Education, both of which positions he resigned- in
1 87 1 on his removal to Chicago, where he has since been
engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1873 he
forraed a partnership with William Vocke, with the firra-
narae of Leake & Vocke, and they have an extensive
general practice. As a lawyer he occupies a good position,
both as a counsellor and an advocate. His opinions are
reliable and his judgraent correct. He is vvell read, and
devotes hiraself entirely to his profession. Previous to the
organization of the Republican party he was an old-line
Whig; but on its dissolution he becarae and yet continues
an earnest raember of the Republican party.

i)AWRENCE, SARDIS S., Lawyer, w.as born,
June i6th, 1834, at Westerlo, Albany county.
New York, and is descended from English an
cestry. His father was a farmer. He reraained
at horae doing usual farm work until he arrived
at the age of nineteen years, when he started in
life upon his own account. He left home in the spring
of 1853, and obtained eraployraent upon a steamboat run
ning from Albany to New York, and continued there until
the close of navigation that season. In Ihe winter of
1853-54 he entered the Richraondville Seminary, Schoharie
county. New York, and reraained there until the sarae was

destroyed by fire, about July 4lh, 1854; after which he
went lo Warnerville Serainary, in the same county, and
remained there till the spring of 1855, when he went lo
New Jersey and taught school at Irvington until the spring
of 1857, vvhen he secured a position as teacher in the
Eighth Ward public school'of Newark, New Jersey, vvhere
he continued until October, 1863. While in Newark he
graduated from the Newark City Normal School, and
afterward commenced the study of law in the office of
Joseph P. Bradley, then a distinguished lawyer of ihat
city, and novv one of the Associate Justices of the Supreme
Court of Ihe United Slates, and continued to leach and
prosecute his law studies as best he could until the fall of
1863. In October, 1863, he moved to Pontiac, Illinois,
and continued Ihe study of lavv in the office of Samuel L.
Fleming, and was admitled to the bar in the fall of 1864.
After his admission he opened a law and real estate office
in Pontiac, and succeeded in doing a lucrative business
frora the start. In the spring of 1869 he formed a partner
ship with Nathaniel J. PiUsbury, a prominent lawyer of
Pontiac, and continued in partnership with him, by the firm-
name of PiUsbury & Lawrence, until the sumraer of 1873,
when the partnership was dissolved by the election of Mr.
Pillsbuiy as Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit of
Illinois. In December, 1873, he forraed a partnership
wilh C. C. Strawn, of Pontiac, vvhich partnership still con
tinues by the narae of Lawrence & Slrawn, and it is con
sidered one of the ablest law firras of Livingston county,
Illinois. Mr. Lawrence was raarried, August 1st, i860, lo
Adelaide Wilsey, of Westerio, Albany county, Nevv York.
He has always been identified wiih the Republican parly,
but has taken no active part in politics — vvas Chairman of
the Republican Central Committee of the county tor two
years during the war. In July, 1873, he was appointed
Attorney for the county by the Board of Supervisors, which
position he suU holds. He is also Master in Chanceiy of
Livingston county, and his time is now wholly absoioed in
his large and increasing law practice.

AN EPPS, HON. WILLIAM H., Merchant and
Farmer, of Dixon, Illinois, was born in Schenec
tady, New York Slate, August 12th, 1812, being
the eldest son of John A. Van Epps and Deborah
(Housraan) Van Epps. The faraily is of Dutch
descent, his great-grandparents having emigrated
to America from Amsterdam in Holland, and setded in
New York city, early in the last cenluiy. In 1S13 his
parents removed to Genesee county, and he received his
education partiy at an academy in that county, and partiy
at Middleburg Academy in Wyoming county. His father
(a soldier and captain during the war of 1812) died in
1816, and in 1829 his mother left Genesee county, and
located for a lime in Brockporl, Monroe county. Here

So

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

she subsequentiy married Daniel Collins, an extensive and
well-known milling manufacturer and merchant of western
New York. On leaving school the lad followed the com
mon custom and entered as clerk in a store, where he
remained some years. In 1837, becoraing influenced by
the prevailing ruraors of the attractions of the western
country, he bought a slock of goods and started on a
prospecting tour to the West. He carae to a rest in Fulton
county, Illinois, and, as was then and still is very generally
the case in that part of the country, soon becarae engaged
in several distinct departments of business siraultaneously.
He established hiraself as a general merchant wilh the
goods brought from New York, and also bought sorae land
on which he opened up a farra. In addition to these he sel
up flour and saw-mills. He continued in this way until
1848; actively pursuing his various branches of trade, and
interesting himself in any undertaking which promised
well. The western counlry was then but very sparsely
settled, and its richness and extent offered vast oppor
tunities to pushing and enterprising raen. Of these oppor
tunities he availed hiraself whenever he could, and his
steady industry made him largely successful. He had re
tained some connection with his horae in Genesee county,
and in 1848 returned thither, and reraained there until 1854,
though at the sarae tirae holding some properly and con
tinuing business relations in Fulton county. He had also
during Ihis tirae purchased an interest in the large properly
known as the " Elston Mills," at Cravvfordsville, Indiana,
the business of which he, with others, successfully con
ducted for nearly three years. In 1854 he arranged his
affairs in these places and finally settled in Dixon, Illinois.
Here he opened a dry-goods and general store, which is
at the present lime (1875) being actively carried on by
him. He also bought farraing lands here soraewhat ex
tensively, and devoted a great part of his attention to
agricultural pursuits. In 1856 he becarae a member of
the Illinois State Agricultural Board, and in i860 was
elected its Presideni, and served in that office for the term
of four years. The fertile Stale of Illinois is essentially a
farming and grain-producing district, and its agricultural
interests are of the first importance. In the position of
President of the Agricultural Board, and in olher equally
responsible positions connected with the agricultural in
terests of the Slate, his knowledge and experience in that
departraent— wilh vvhich he is so thoroughly identified —
have been of great service. In politics he is attached lo
the Democratic party, and the esteera in which he is held,
both by that party and by the whole coraraunity of his
section, was evidenced by his unaniraous nomination, in
1868, by the Springfield Democratic Convention for Lieu
tenant-Governor of the Stale. His acknowledged personal
raerit drew forth eulogistic notices of the nomination even
from the press of Ihe opposite p.arty. He has been twice
married; in 1836 to Chariotte Rumsey ChurchiU, daughter
of Ihe Hon. Josiah Churchill, a member of Ihe New York

Legislalure and well-known merchant of Genesee county,
and who was sometime one of the surveyors of the famous
" Holland Land Corapany" of that State. His first wife
died in 1848, and in 1850 he was united to Mary Anna
Peck, also of Genesee county. He is a member of the
Illinois Branch of the Centennial Board of Finance.

^ TEEL, WILLIAM A., Mayor of Joliet, lUinois,
was born October nth, 1836, in. Blairsville,
Pennsylvania; his father, the Hon. Stewart Steel,
being a lawyer of eminence, and during Presi
dent Polk's adrainistration one of the American
Consuls to Great Britain. He commenced his
preparations for the legal profession by studies at Jefferson
Academy, Pennsylvania, and in Curaberland, Maryland,
but developed at the age of seventeen an inclination for
coramercial life into which he at once entered, and pursued
for a short time in Cumberland, and then in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. In 1855 he first visited Joliet, lUinois, but
in a few days went on to Missouri, wdiere he engaged in the
construction of six railes of the North Missouri Railroad.
In 1857 he returned to Joliet, and was appointed Cashier of
Ihe firra of Sanger & Casey, who had just taken the con
tract for the erection of the State Penitentiary in that city.
In the following year the Stale Penitentiary, then located at
Alton, was leased to this firm, and Mr. Sleel, then twenty-
two years of age, was selected as Deputy Warden, to take
charge of both the commerce and discipline of the institu
tion — a rare if not the only instance where a raan so young
was chosen to fill so responsible, dangerous, and arduous a
position. Prior to his incurabency there was an almost
complete disregard of discipline in that institution. The
escapes had averaged thirteen annually; many lives had
been lost in the quarrels of convicts and by the punishment
infiicted, and it required a person of great courage and self-
possession to face the men incarcerated there. During his
executorship a thorough discipline was established and
maintained, no lives were lost, save through natural causes,
and not one escape was effected in the whole term of his
administration. When the new penitentiary at Joliet was
completed the convicts of the old institution were trans
ferred to it under his personal supervision, the final removals
being effected about July 4th, i860. During this period he
continued his legal studies, and upon the closing of the Alton
Penitentiary entered the office of Judge Newton D. Strong,
of St. Louis, Missouri, where he finished his preparations
for practice. Prior to his admission to the bar, wddch
occurred in the Circuit Court of St. Louis, on April 4lh,
1861, he reviewed all his studies wilh his father in Penn
sylvania. Upon the breaking out of the Civil War, though
a Democrat, he took an active interest in Ihe Federal cause,
and raised at once in Missouri an independent battalion of
four hundred and fifty men, vvhich, at his request, the Gov-

^^^^

A.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

8i

ernor of -ne State enrolled as a separate organiZiation for
regimental duly. Pie was commis.sioned as commanding
officer, wilh the full rank of Major in the Union army.
Prior to this he had been engaged in the construction of
four raonitors for the United Slates Navy, and of various
other works connected with the army and navy. He en
joyed an intimate acquaintance wilh General Grant and
the members of his staff, and his familiar knowledge through
this connection of the situation of affairs assisted hira ma
terially in forwarding the cause of the Union arms. The
events of Ihe war, occurring just as he had been admitted
to the bar, interrupted his practice, vvhich he partially re
sumed upon the declaration of peace, winning a high reputa
tion for his ability as a jurist. In March, 1870, he vvas
Ucensed to practice in the Suprerae Court of Illinois; in the
foUowdng April was enrolled as an attorney of the Supreme
Court of the United Stales, and in Januaiy, 1 871, vvas
licensed to practice in the Uniled Stales Court of Claims.
On January i6lh, 1862, he married Frances Louise Sanger,
daughter of Colonel Lorenzo P. Sanger, of the Union
army, and at the close of the war settled permanently at
JoUet. His first enterprises here vvere the development, on a
large scale, of the stone resources of that section of the Slate,
and the coal deposits in the Wilmington coal districts, becora
ing reraarkably successful in both. He sunk and worked the
first shafts in that coal field, and in a short tirae raised
Joliet to a position of prime importance as a shipping
point for the finest building-stone west of the AUeghenies.
Juliet novv quarries and exports more stone than any other
district in the countiy, and ils superiority for the construc
tion of public edifices has for years been prominently recog
nized by the Federal and State governments. It is very
extensively used in the erection of custom-houses, post-
offices, arsenals, court-houses, and hospitals throughout the
country. Mr. Steel is novv the sole proprietor of the largest
stone quarries in the counlry, employs a very large force of
raen, and by his constantly expanding enterprises has added
not a little to the prosperity and reputation of the city o.f his
adopdon, and its surrounding districts. Pie has four limes
been called to the raayorally of Joliet, and his public ser
vices as an executive have been no less satisfactory than his
private enterprises as a citizen. His majority at the last
election was greater than the aggregate of his majorities al
the three previous elections, and this is a fair illustration of
his growdng popularity. During the wdnlers he lives at
Washington, practising in the United States Suprerae
Court, and taking an active interest in the transactions of
the Governraent during Ihe sessions of Congress. He is
StiU a student, and has gathered in his horae at Joliet one
of the finest private libraries to be found in the West, era-
bracing among its five thousand volumes a number of books
of great antiquity. To his energy, vvhen Mayor, is due the
successful establishment of Ihe Joliet Iron & Steel Works,
which have made that city an important industrial centre.
In the face of many obstacles, not the least being the Gov-
II

ernor's veto, he procured from the Slate Legislature
authority empowering the city of Joliet to afford this cor
poration — now, vvith two exceptions, the largest in this
country — the means for erecting itself upon a firm basis.
He has, through his various private enterprises, acquired a
large fortune, and wilh his family lives not only to share
the benefits which it confers, but to enjoy the high esteera
of his fellow-citizens.

(^OYNE, PHILIP A,, Lawyer, and Uniled States
Coraraissioner, was born in the city of Nevv York,
November 20th, 1824, His parents vvere emi
grants from Ireland to that city in 1815, exiling
theraselves in consequence of trouble in which
his father had becorae involved wdth the British
governraent; Ihough never arraigned for trial, he was sus
pected of favoring the cause of Irish freedora ; this, sub
jecting hiin lo constant surveillance, caused hira incessant
annoyance, and, had an outbreak occurred, he would have
been the victira of immediate and rigid prosecution.
Prudence, therefore, dictated to hira the propriety of seek
ing in the Uniled States that field for freedora of thought
and action denied hira in the land of his birth. Philip
attended the public schools of New York, and the gram
mar schools of the city of Newark, Nevv Jersey. After
acquiring a rudimentary education in those establishments,
he entered, vvhen in his fourteenth year, a book-binding
shop on Nassau street, where he reraained two years en
gaged in mastering the details of the business. In the
spring of 1841, believing that the West opened a wdder
field for the profitable exercise of skill and energy, he
removed to Chicago, Illinois, and there coramenced the
study of lavv in the office of his brother, Hon. Thoraas
Hoyne, who had already been for four years a resident of
that citv. Plere he pursued a course of legal studies during
the following two years, and under the able guidance of his
instructor made rapid progress. At the expiration of that
time, however, business becoming somewdiat depressed in
Chicago, he removed to Galena, Illinois, and secured em
ployraent as book-keeper until 1844, vvhen he returned to
Ihe former city as agent for a Sl. Louis Fur Company. In
Ihe snring of the following year he again removed to
Galena and acted in the capacity of book-keeper in the
auction commission house of Sleeper & Co., soon becom
ing a partner in the establishment. Thenceforward, wilh
the exception of occasional visits to Chicago, which city he
always looked upon as his horae, he remained in Galena
until 1852, when he decided lo reside perraanentiy in the
first-named city. In Ihe spring of 1853, on the eslablish-
ment of the Recorder's Court, he vvas elected to the first
clerkship, and held that position for a term of five years.
Resuming and continuing his legal studies in the raean
while, he vvas, in 1855, adraitted to the bar of the Supreme
Court of Illinois, In the course of the same year, while

82

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

fiUing the office of Recorder's Clerk, he vvas appointed
United States Commissioner, which appointment he still
holds, in connection also wilh that of Coraraissioner of
Deeds for al! the States and Territories. Down to the
epoch of the outbreak of the Civil War he vvas an active
and honored meraber of the Democratic organization, but
since then has acted ably and consistently with the Repub
lican parly, in which he holds a prominent and Influential
position. He is a leading stockholder ofthe West Division
of the Hoosac RaUway Company, and also of the Nalion.al
Bank of Illinois. He is the President of the Mechanics'
& Traders' Savings, Loan, & Building Company of Chicago,
and an energetic and valued member of the Chicago Board
of Education. In all enterprises and moveraents calculated
to promote the social and political welfare of his Stale and
county he is a prime mover, and is noted for his vigor of
action in all such cases. He was married, April 2gth,
1849, to Teresa French, daughter ofthe weU-known author
of " French's Gramraar; " he has two sons, one of whom
is engaged with the house of Culver, Page, Hoyne & Co.,
stationers, the other wilh the extensive dry-goods establish
raent of J. V. Farwell & Co.

.^(ff^^ EWELL, JAMES STEWART, A. M., M. D.,
Physician, vvas born Septeraber 8th, 1837, in the
city of Galena, Illinois, and is a son of John M.
and Margaret M. (Stewart) Jewell, both of whora
were natives of Tennessee. His father was a
raechanic and builder by occupation. He ob
tained his early education in the schools of Galena, and in
1855 entered the office of Dr. S. M. Mitchell, of Williara
son county, Illinois, for Ihe purpose of studying medicine.
During the winter of l858-5g he attended a course of lec
tures in the Rush Medical College of Chicago, and finished
his studies the following season at the Chicago Medical
College, taking his degree from that instilulion in i860.
He commenced the practice of his profession in WUIiam-
son county, where he continued for about two and a half
years, and thence removed lo Chicago in 1863, where he
has since remained. In 1864 he was elected Professor of
Anatomy in the Chicago Medical College, and this chair
he fiUed until 1869, vvhen he went abroad. In the latler
year he vvas honored by the Northwestern University wdth
the degree of A. M. On his return to theUnited Slates, in
1870, he resumed his practice in Chicago; and subse
quentiy, in 1871, delivered a course of lectures in the
Chicago Medical College on general pathology. In 1872
the Chair of Nervous and Mental Diseases was created for
him, and he was chosen as Professor and continues lo hold
that position. He is regarded by the profession of the
Northwest as an acknowledged authority on these particu
lar diseases, and he confines his practice exclusively to
them. In 1874 he started a qu.arterly journal, of which he

is editor and manager, devoted to the discussion of these
special disorders, which is already in a flourishing condi
tion, and is ably supported by the profession at large. He
is a member of the Philosophical Society of Chicago, as
also of the Academy of Natural Sciences. He is al.so a
raember of many literary and scientific associations through
out the United States. ITe was married, in 1864, to May
C. Kennedy, of Nashville, Illinois, and resides at Evanston,
a beautiful suburban town a few railes distant frora Chicago.

ORSE, CHARLES M., Railroad Superintendent,
was born July 21st, 1820, in Wilton, Maine, and
is a son of Colonel Charles Morse. His educa
tion was obtained chiefiy at the village school,
suppleraented by an attendance, during four terras,
at a higher academy, and frequently interrupted
by ill-health. His father was a farmer and railler; but as
the son was physically unable to perforra much labor, very
little was required of hira. A reraark made by the father,
to a friend, and accidentally overheard by the son, created a
great impression on his mind, insomuch that it very mate
rially determined his future course of action. " Charles,"
he said, " cannot work wdth his brothers, but we can always
depend upon him for closing the gates — he don't leave
things half done." When seventeen years old, he entered
the post-office at Augusta, the capital city of Ihe .Slate,
where he served for four years, and vvhere, for weeks toge
ther, he had sole charge of the office. Although he dif
fered politically wilh Ihe postmaster, he never lost Ihe
latter's confidence and esteem, vvho refused to displace him
at the behest of parly managers, to make vvay for a parly
favorite. .Shortly after arriving at manhood, he married
and returned to his native town, vvhere he assisted his father
in the management of his business, and ultimately succeeded
to it, on the dealh of his parent in 1845. Immediately
upon his return to Wilton, he was elected Town Clerk,
vvhich, with other tovvn offices, he held for seven years,
when he was chosen a representative in the Stale Legisla
ture. In 1850, he entered the office of the treasurer of the
Maine Central (then the A & K) Railroad Company, and,
excepting four months, was connected wilh that corporation
for over fifteen years, serving in various capacities, from
Fireman to Superintendent, the longest period being as
General Ticket Agent and Cashier, nearly the entire earn
ings of the corapany passing through his hands. His ser
vices as Superintendent covered three years at two different
times. In 1866, he became Superintendent of Ihe St.
Louis, Jacksonville & Chicago Railroad; and in 186S,
when that line vvas leased lo the Chicago & Alton Railroad
Company, he was appointed to and now holds the position
of Superintendent of a Division, now embracing igo miles
of railroad. As a railw.ay manager, he is one of the most
successful and popular in the country. He is a man of fine

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

83

literary atlainments, although he makes no cl.aim to scholar
ship. Pie is interested in inaugurating and sustaining all
literary and art enterprises in his city. He is fond of books,
possessing a library of choice works, numbering nearly one
thousand volumes, and is a lover of antiquarian research.
He takes great interest in all matters pertaining to the wel
fare of the comraunily among whom he resides; and is, ii,
short, a useful, worthy and honorable citizen.

1 ILLIAMS, ROBERT EBENEZER, Lawyer, was
born December 3d, 1825, in Clarksville, Greene
county, Pennsylvania. His father was a Vir
ginian by birth, and his mother of Scotch-Irish
and Welsh descent. Both his grandfathers were
soldiers of Ihe war of 1776, and both drew pen
sions on account of wounds received and services rendered
in the conflict wdlh the raother country. His parents re
moved about 1830 to W.ashinglon, Pennsylvania. His
father vvas a mechanic, and his son worked in his shop until
he was seventeen years old, attending the coraraon school
during the winter raonths. Pie then entered Washington
College, at Washington, Pennsylvania, where he remained
over a year, and subsequently he became a teacher in the
district school. In the spring of 1845 he removed to Ken
tucky, where he taught in Madison county for four years ;
meanwhile he studied law privately. In 1849 '''^ went
to Bethany College, West Virginia, where he pursued a
college course, raeanwhile continuing his legal studies, and
completed the greater portion of the curriculum, especially
in the scientific portion, but left coUege at Ihe expiration
of the third or junior year. He thereupon returned to Ken
tucky, where he read law under the preceptorship of Colonel
W. 11. Capeiton, of Richmond, teaching school at the same
time. He received his license as a legal practitioner in
Deceraber, 1850, and then proceeded to Texas to seek his
fortune. At the time he started, he was possessed of §300
in gold ; and after travelling over a large portion of terri
tory, his finances were reduced lo the araount of one Eng
lish sovereign (;?4.S5), he then being in the tovvn of Clinton,
DeWilt county, Texas, and provided only with a raoderate
supply of clothes and a few books. In Ihis town he found
a gentleman who had retired from the practice of the law,
and who was the owner of a law library consisting of be
tween forty and fifty volumes, which he very kindly offered
to loan. This favor was accepted, and he was subsequently
enabled to purchase thera. He at once commenced the
l^raclice of his profession, and succeeded beyond his raost
sanguine expectations. At the expirali m of about two
years, he was elected Slate Attorney for the judicial dis
trict in which he resided. He served in this position for
two years, and it was the only office which he ever held,
having declined a re-eleclion. His heallh at that lime
failed, as the climate did not agree with his temperament-.

and in order to save his life, he concluded lo reraove farther
north. At th.at lirae the Sl.ate of Illinois vvas attracting rauch
attention, as various lines of railways were being constantly
opened, especially the Illinois Central and the Chicago &
Alton Railroads; and as the city of Blooraington was rao.st
advantageously located, being not only at the intersection
of these two iraportant Unes, but also on account of its
central position, ils natural beauty, etc., and of ils proraising
future, he, having kinsraen in the town, deterrained to locale
there, and to raake it his future residence. He reached this
place, June gth, 1856, with his wdfe and two children ; and
at this point he has since resided. He iramediately resuraed
the practice of his profession, where he soon found friends
and clients to appreciate hira. He has ever since labored
with a steady, earnest purpose, and as a result, Ihe firra of
which he is a raeraber are doing a very large and lucrative
business. His practice in the Supreme Court of the Stale
is a very extensive one, and for the past five years he has
api^eared before that tribunal in a greater nuraber of cases
than any olher attorney in the State, he being the counsel
and adviser of most of the railroads passing through his
horae circuit. In political faith he has ever been a Derao
crat, and in the presidential campaign of 1868 he was, on
account of his legal attainraents, unanimously nominated,
wiihout solicitation on his part, by the Stale Democratic
Convention, as ils candidate for Attorney-General of Illinois.
At the election, held in November, 1868, the vole for him
was far in excess of that cast for any of his associates on
the Deraocratic ticket, but was not enough to secure his
election by Ihe people, as the Republican ticket vvas success
ful by over 50,000 majority. Since that year, he has
avoided politics, and h.as been laboring wilh as much indus
try as he ever has done since he first engaged in the contests
and triumphs of the bar. He is the embodiment of Ihat
steady assiduity which, in the long run, achieves a more
lasting success than even genius can hope to attain. He is
pre-eminently a lawyer, not an orator ; for there is no grace
of ornament or floridity of embellishraent about his style of
speaking. But he is a lawyer wdio displays in every argu
raent, eilher to court or juiy, a thorough knowdedge of the
law of the case on trial, and that lavv is presented wilh
clearness and force. As an old and successful lawyer, he
has for years past been requested to receive into his office
numbers of students, who vvere ever able to study there, pro
vided they were wi'ding to work as well as study. In short,
at the present day, a very large proportion of those who
practice al the sarae bar as hiraself have graduated frora his
office. He is known everywhere, not only as a successful
advocate in an erainent degree, but as an honest one. He
is a large-hearted, true raan in every respect, and is popular
vvith the masses. He vvas married, 1851, to a d.aughler of
James N. Smith, of DeWilt county, Texas, who was then,
and from the organization of that county until the end of
the great rebellion, the Clerk of the County Court, the
raost lucrative position in the county.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

\ AGLEY, MARCUS E., was born, August i8th,
1828, in East Durham, Greene county. New
York, and is a son of Thomas and Mary Bagley,
of Scotch-Irish descent. His parents are yet
living on the old homestead in Greene county,
where they have resided for the past fifty years,
his father having attained the venerable age of eighty-five
years, and his raother being ten years younger. He vvas
educated in the public schools of his native county, and
aided his father in the work of the farm until he attained
his majority. He left home in the auturan of 1849, and
passed Ihe winter in the city of New York. In the fall
of 1850 he went to JerseyviUe, Illinois, where he engaged
in the mercantile business vvith A. W. Howe, under the
firm-name of Howe & Bagley, being the successors of
Colonel Edward M. Daley, an uncle of Marcus E. Bagley,
who was one of the original proprietors of ihe town, now
city of Jerseyville ; Colonel Daley having, with his parlfter,
John W. Loll, laid out and located said town in October,
1834. He continued in the mercantile business until the
spnng of 1859. He w.as elected Clerk of the Circuit
Court of Jersey county in i860, and was re-elected in
1864, 1868, and 1872, being four terms of four years each.
No former clerk had ever held the office for so long a term
of years. He was appointed, in 1865, Master in Chancery
of said county, by Plon. David M. Woodson, Judge of the
Jersey county Circuit Court, and has held Ihat office con
tinuously for the past ten years. In the spring of 1867 he
was elected the first Mayor of the city of Jerseyville, and
held Ihe office for one year. In the spring of 1873 he was
elected a member of the Board of Education for the city,
the terra of oflice being three years; he has since been
chosen President of the Board. His political views were
at first old-line Whig; since the disorganization of that
party he has been a consistent Deraocrat. He is a gentle
man of very high social attainments and culture, with
genial and courteous manners towards all.

^'OSSACK, JOHN, Jr., Merchant, was born in
Athens, Cook county, Illinois, September I31h,
1840, descending frora prorainent Scotch ancestry.
Plis father left Scotland when twelve years of
age, and is still Uving to conteraplate a career
which has been reraarkable for its incidents and
vicissitudes. He was one of the pioneers of Illinois, and
was foreraost in the developraent of ils resources and in the
enlargement and extension of ils business enterprises. For
several years he vvas wholly engaged in Ihe construction
of important public works, and was the contractor under
whose supervision, and in pursuance of whose plans the
canal was built which connects Chicago wilh the Mississippi
river. Active in politics at a lime vvhen Ihe anti-slavery

question was the upperraost issue in this country, and
firmly grounded in his opinion of the gigantic injustice
which was then inflicted upon millions of blacks, he as
suraed at once an open hostility to the pro-slavery element
which in no small degree then permeated the North, and
took occasion to improve every opportunity for the em
phatic expression of his sentiments that presented itself
He thus obtained notoriety, and w-as the object of special
resentment from Ihose who opposed his views. He vvas
one of Ihe most zealous conductors of what hias now pa.ssed
into history as the " Underground Railroad." He led a
raob Ihat wrested from the hands of the officers a fsgilive
negro, who by judicial decree had been relegated to the
horrors of slavery. For Ihis he was tried, fined, and im
prisoned. In this ordeal he conducted his defence wilh
ability, though not a lawyer, and startled Ihe court, if he
did not convince it of its error, when he said : " Il is true,
sir, I am a foreigner. I first saw the light araong the
rugged and free hills of Scotland — a land, sir, that never
was conquered, and where a slave never breathed. Let a
slave set foot on Ihat shore and his chains fall off forever,
and he becoraes what God made him — a man ! " The
education of his son vvas limited to the common schools,
and his attendance was irregular; but he inherited his
father's activity and industry, which spurred him on in
self-instruction. In 1863 he removed to Odell, Livingston
county, Illinois, and embarked in the grain business, for
which he soon developed rare tact. To this he sub.se-
quently added traffic in live stock, purchasing in the in
terior of the Slate and shipping direct to Chicago. In all
these transactions he was successful, and within a very
short period, by enterprise guided by prudence, and indus
try characterized by econoray, soon acquired a handsome
fortune. He subsequently engaged extensively in the pur
chase and sale of real estate in the vicinity of Odell, and
these transactions have been usually on a large scale in
dividually, and profitable. His ' enterprise lias raised him
to a position of prominence in his county, in all the inter
nal iraproveraenls of which he takes a deep interest. His
shipraents of grain have aggregated raore than a raillion
bushels annually for the past few years. He is a gentleman
noted alike ftsr his rare business and social qualities.

ONFIELD, TPIOMAS P., Lawyer, was born in
Canton, Ohio, April 24th, 1827. His father.
Dr. Thomas S. Bonfield, was a well-known
practitioner of Ihat place and forraerly of Balti
raore, Maryland ; his raother, Sarah (Troup)
Bonfield, was a Pennsylvanian. His preliminary
education was obtained in his native town, and in Canton
also he corapleted a thorough course of academical studies.
At the expiration of his terra of scholarship, he decided to
embrace ihe legal profession, and in 1847 commenced the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

85

study of law under the able guidance of Judge George W.
Belden — a brother-in-law of his father, and a compeer and
valued intiraate friend of the late statesman Edwin M.
Stanton — who at that date was a resident of SteubenviUe.
Upon Ihe completion of the usual course of judicial studies
he passed his examination, and at Springfield, Ohio, in 1849,
was admitted to the bar of that State. Pie subsequently
practised in Canton until 1853, and then eraigrated lo Kan
kakee, at this period a region sparsely settled, and scarcely
reclaimed from ils primitive condition. Being the first
lawyer to establish hiraself in that .section, now so fiourish
ing, he rapidly met wilh merited success, and down to the
present time has been unremittingly engaged in attending to
the wants of an extensive and increasing clientage. He is
well read in all the various branches of lavv ; is an able
pleader, and as an equity lawyer is unsurpassed. Pie was
married in 1856 to Maria Eastman, from Aurora, Illinois.

I AV, JOSEPH H., M. D., was born in Yates county.
New York, October lolh, 1823. His parents
were Joshua Way and Sarah (Chase) Way. He
was educated at the Prattsburg Academy, New
York, and in 1841, under the able supervision of
Dr. Addison Niles, coramenced in Steuben county,
New York, the study of medicine. He then became a re
cipient of the regular course at the Geneva Medical Col
lege, which he entered in die winler of 1843 ^"d 1S44.
At the expiration of his allotted term of probation, he grad
uated from that institution, and immediately began the
active practice of his profession in Livingston county, New
York. After remaining in that locality for a period ex
tending over ten years, he reraoved to Illinois in 1854, and
established himself at Kankakee, Illinois, where he has
since perraanentiy resided in Ihe possession of- an extensive
ancl constantly increasing practice. A skilful and an ex
perienced physician, he has won the esteem and unbounded
confidence of a large circle of friends and acquaintances,
and is often called beyond Ihe limits of his usual professional
rounds, in order to give his attention to cases of a pecuUar
or aggravated nature. He was married in 1848 to Abbie I.
Weed, formerly a resident of Livingston county. New York.

pODING, WILLIAM, Civil Engineer, was born
in Bristol, Ontario county. New York, in 1803,
his early life being spent upon a farm there and
in leaching school. In 1826 he coraraenced ser
vice as a civil engineer on the Welland Canal, in
Canada, during ils first construction, when it was
of limited capacity and the structures entirely of wood.
Under the chief engineership of Alfred Barrell he continued
on this work until 1829, when he left to undertake a mer

cantile business in Lockport, Nevv York, vvhich proving un
congenial lo his tastes, he again resumed his engineering
profession in the Stale of Ohio, where he remained in charge
of canal construction until the division upon which he was
engaged in the valley of Ihe Scioto vvas completed. In the
spring of 1832 he was married in Troy, New York, and an
interesting reminiscence of this journey from thence west
ward is his travelling over Ihe only piece of passenger rail
road then completed in the Uniled Stales. This extended
from Albany to Schenectady, and consisted of an imperfect
light .strap rail laid upon parallel stringers, and the train
consisted of three cars resembling coraraon stage coaches,
drawn by a singe horse. The breaking out of the so-
called Black Hawk w.ar in 1832 prevented hira from ful
fiUing his intention of moving to Illinois in the summer of
Ihal year, and he turned aside, sojourning at Roscoe, Ohio,
where his first child, William A., late General Superin
tendent of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, was born. At
length, on May Ist, 1833, he reached Chicago, then con
taining not more than a hundred people outside of the g.ar-
rison. The West was innocent of railroads, and indeed of
improvements of any extent, and he arrived wilh his wife
and child at the Garden City, via Niles, Michigan, as the first
passengers booked through frora Detroit. Their conveyance
frora Niles was a light open wagon, with a span of French
ponies, and they vvere delayed there two days in expectation
of additional fares. He settied upon open land, which he
subsequently purchased, at Gooding's Grove, then in Cook
county, now in WiU county, whence his father and brothers
had preceded hira the previous year, and had given the narae
to the location ; but next year he accepted an invitation to
engage in the service of the Canal Commissioners of In
diana in making, ]Dreliminary surveys for a proposed system
of canals in that State, and extending the location of Ihe
Wabash & Erie Canal, then in course of construction, frora
the " old treaty ground," novv the town of Wabash, lo La
fayette. While actively engaged in these duties, in 1834
and 1835, his reputation had becorae so established that
vvhen at Indianapolis he received notice ofhis appoinlraent
as Chief Engineer of the III. nois & Michigan Canal, ac
corapanied by a request to return at once and coramence
operations. Again he journeyed in primitive style along a
route sparsely settled, a hoosier wagon forraing no very
corafortable protection frora an intensely cold prairie winter.
From February, 1836, he acted as Engineer-in-Chief of this
important canal ; first under the Canal Coramissioners and
subsequently under the Canal Trustees, until il was opened
for navigation in the spring of 1848. This crowning effort
of his skill as .an engineer was acknowledged by his being
ajipointed Secretary and Assistant Treasurer of the Board of
Trustees, and he continued to act in these capacities until
1871, when, wilh ils debt fully paid, the canal was surren
dered by the trustees lo Ihe State. In .addition lo these
onerous duties, he was employed for a time on ^special ser
vice as United Stales Civil Engineer, and also as oneof the

86

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

special commissioners of the Board of Public Works of Ihe
city of Chicago, whilst the surarait division of the canal
was being deepened for a raore effectual drainage of that
city. Mr. Gooding spends his weU-earned leisure at his
pleasant residence at Lockport, Illinois, varied occasionally
by extended tours, in which he must specially realize the
difference of corafort between the Pullraan car of the pre
sent and the hoosier wagon of his youth, when he con
tended wdlh nature to give the Slate those magnificent canals
which formed the highways of civUization in their day, and
were fit precursors of the railroads. George H. Woodruff, of
Joliet, in his " Eariy History of Will County," speaks thus
of WiUiam Gooding : " In closing the brief history of the
-(Illinois & Michigan) canal, I wish to pay a tribute to its
Chief Engineer, William Gooding, wdio was its firm friend
frora first to last, its efficient director, and against whom no
suspicions of jobbery were ever entertained. Fully a master
of his profession, prepared for all emergencies, urbane in
his intercourse wilh all, he is entitled to the grateful remem
brance of every citizen of this State, to Ihe prosperity of
which he has been so largely instrumental."

ILLER, HON. ANSON S., LL. D., Lawyer and
Judge, vvas born, Septeraber 24lh, 1810, in the
town of Western, now Lee, Oneida county, Nevv
York. Pie is of New England parentage, his
father, Luther Miller, a native of Massachusetts,
having removed to Oneida county — a pioneer at
Fort Stanwix, now Rome, New York — towards the close of
the last century. His early years were passed at the country
school and on his father's farra. Inheriting a vigorous con-
.stitution and irabued wilh a love of nature, he engaged wilh
rare fondness and efficiency in agricultural pursuils, for the
promotion of which he has in his maturer years labored so
successfully. When but a youth he had acquired a thorough
English education, and he taught school for a number of
terms in his native town and elsewhere, sustaining the repu
tation of a skUful and successful instructor. He subsequently
was prepared for college at Grosvenor's High School, Rome,
and entered Hamilton CoUege shortly before attaining his
majority. He reraained there four years, graduating in Ihe
summer of 1835, and receiving a number of honors. Im
mediately after taking his degree he commenced the study
of law, which he pursued at Rome, and at Delta, in his
native county. H.aving completed his legal .studies, he vvas
admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Nevv York, al
Utica, in 1838, and in the autumn of that year reraoved to
the West. He first located temporarily at Terre Plaule, In
diana, vvhere he formed a law partnership with Williara W.
Heaton, also frora Oneida county, Nevv York. In 1840 he
proceeded farther west, and settled at Rockford, Illinois
where he has since resided in Ihe practice ofhis profession,
being associated with his brother, Cyrus F. MiUer which

partnership continued until his election as Judge in 1857.
In 1844, upon the agitation of the State debt question, he
consented 10 represent Winnebago county in the Legisla
lure; and upon his election lo Ihe House of Representatives
he took an active part on the Judiciary Committee in re
vising the statutes, and also upon Ihe Canal Commillee in
raaking provision to pay the interest upon the internal im
provement debt and restoring the credit of the Stale. He
also, at this session of 1844-45, introduced the first bill lo
repeal the " black laws,'' and supported the measure in an
eloquent and powerful speech, which was reported in the
press of the capilal and circulated throughout the Stale.
In 1865 he had the satisfaction of seeing those laws swept
from the statutes. In 1845-46 he travelled through portions
of northern Illinois with Hons. Williara B. Ogden and J.
Young Scararaon, for the purpose of awakening an interest
in the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, then projected, and
securing ils construction. In 1846 he was elected to the
Senate, and took a prorainent part in Ihe raeasures of that
important period of the State history. In 1857 he was
chosen orator of the Alurani Association of Harailton Col
lege, and at the following annual coraraenceraent of that
institution, in 1858, delivered an oration on " Self Culture,"
which was extensively published and greatly admired at the
time, and which must continue to be regarded as a model.
In i860 various Republican papers proposed him for the
gubernatorial chair of Illinois, but he promptly declined the
candidacy, and gave his influence and efficient support lo
Richiard Yates. During the war of the rebellion he laboretl
devotedly and successfully in Ihe raising of Union troops,
and providing for their wants in the field, for vvhich he will
long be gratefully remembered, especially by the soldiers.
In 1864 his y^/;;M Mater, Hamilton College, conferred on
him Ihe degree of Doctor of Laws, an honor of which his
natural endowments, high altainraenls and character ren
dered hira eminently worthy. During the same year he was
nominated by the Republican Stale Convention as the Presi
dential Elector ofhis Congressional district for the re-eleclion
of President Lincoln, and he was occupied during the autumn
preceding the election in canvassing and speaking in Illinois,
Iowa and Wisconsin. His was the banner district of the
Slate and nation, and he was chosen Messenger of the
Electoral College of Illinois lo bear ils vote to Washington.
In the course of the canvass President Lincoln tendered
him a Uniled Stales Judgeship, vvhich honor he declined,
as it would necessitate the removal ofhis faraily. In 1865
he was appointed Postmaster of Rockford by President
Lincoln, and although hevvas twdce superseded by President
Johnson (to whose "policy" he was opposed), no change
vvas raade, as the Senate did not confirm the President's
nominations. Pie held this position until the close of his
second terra. In 1866 he accepted the invitation of the
New York .Stale Agricultural Society lo deliver the annual
address at the Saratoga Fair, and his effort on that occasion
vvas applauded as being an oration of great originality and

Wts,

"" Ba,„ M;,tf. SEnf.CoC

HON. AJSrSON S.MJUjiER.LL.D.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

87

power. Republican papers in various parts of the Slate
in 1868 proposed Judge Miller for the next Governor of
Illinois, and delegates to the State Convention were in
structed to vote for his nomination, but he declined Ihe use
of his narae so long as that of General Palraer vvas before
the Convention. Among the self-made raen of the West
there is no nobler representative than he of ils .spirit of pro
gress, freedom of thought, and independence of speech.
Prominent in his profession, his raind is well versed in legal
lore, and stored with useful learning and sound knowledge,
embracing the whole circle of science and lileralure. He
has a noble and commanding presence, combined wdth a
high moral and intellectual character. Before courts,
juries, and popular assemblies, he is clear, logical, and per
suasive. His arguments are characterized by strength and
solidity, and often by finished elegance, yet no force of ex
pression is sacrificed for the mere beauty of diction. His
style as a speaker and writer is concise, corapact, and vigor
ous. When speaking, his usual raanner is earnest, candid,
and dtliijerale, sometimes veheraent, and vvhen aroused, he
is often eloquent. He is a bold and independent thinker,
and never shrinks from exposing the abuses of governraent
or the evils of the age. His raanners are polished, digni
fied, and courteous, and respect for the feelings and opinions
of others is a marked characterislic. Pie has recently been
preparing a " History of Illinois," ihough it is yet incom
plete. Shortly after the great fire in Chicago, 1871, in con
nection wilh his brother, Cyrus F. Miller, Esq., and Senator
R. L. Williamson, he established a law office in that city,
the firm known as Miller, Williamson & Miller. He was
married, in 1838, to Alvera S., daughter of Jabez F. Rudd,
an old and prominent citizen of Western, Oneida county.
New York, and has a faraily oftwo sons and one daughter.
Yet in the enjoyraent of unbroken health, he has the
strength and activity of early manhood.

HILLIPS, REV. FRANKLIN W., Physician,
Clergyman, and .Superintendent of Ihe Illinois
Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, was
born Noveraber 5lh, .1827, on Lulbegun creek,
Montgomery county, Kentucky, and is a son of
the late Rev. Williara Phillips, and a grandson
of John Phillips, formerly of Dorchester county, Maryland.
The latter, who married a Miss Brannock, removed to
Kentucky soon after its adraission into the Union. Of him
it was said by his neighbors, " Pie vvas an honest miller."
The son of the latter was a Methodist minister, and pos
sessed of considerable poetic talent, which, in an early
period of his life, gained hira great local reputation. When
he became a minister he actively engaged in the theologi
cal conflict then being waged in Kentucky, and soon was
noted as a polemic writer. At the time of his death, vvhich
was at the early age of thirty-nine years, he was the Editor

of the Western Christian Advocate, published at Cincinnati,
Ohio. Plis widow survived him but a short time, and
Franklin found hiraself, in his ninth year, an orphan. He
then becarae an inraate of an uncle's household, in Paris,
Indiana, where he remained for about three and one-half
years. While residing there he laid the foundation of an
education in the old style of teaching; not very far ad
vanced, it is true, but very thorough. He returned lo Cin
cinnati in the summer of 1840, and was an interested
looker on in the famous Harrison campaign of that memor
able year, which culminated in that city. He shortiy after
entered the then Woodward College, novv the Woodward
High School, of which Dr. B. P. Aydelotle was President
and Dr. Joseph Ray, Professor of Matheraatics. He left
college without graduating; and in order to prepare him
self for active life, served an apprenticeship with G. W.
Townley & Brother, house carpenters. Plaving made
about this time a profession of religion, his mind was
directed towards Ihe ministry, and he engaged in a course
of reading in order lo quaUfy himself for that work. In the
auturan of 1848, although not quite twenty-one years of age,
he was received into Ihe ministry, in connection vvith the
Kentucky Conference, Methodist Episcopal Church, south.
In ihis ministry he vvas actively employed for eight years,
two of these in the mountains of Kentucky, vvhich were
very arduous ones on account of the hard labor, exposure,
and indifferent accommodations. A disease of the throat,
developed in consequence of these privations and hard
ships, compelled him lo relinquish his labors in 1856, and
locate. Having studied raedicine, he attended the lectures
in the Kentucky School of Medicine, at Louisville; and he
subsequently engaged in the practice of physic, first at
Liverraore on Green river, and afterwards in Todd county,
near Ihe Tennessee line, where he established a good busi
ness. He was residing there when the war of the rebel
lion broke out, and he endured Ihe trials and vici.ssitudes
of a Southern loyalist almost until the close of the war,
when, as the guerillas became rather pressing in their
attentions, manifesting too great 1 partiality for his goods,
of which he did by no means approve, he removed lo
Illinois for safety, and to avoid farther loss. He had been
in i860 a supporter of the Bell and Everett ticket, but
with the advent of the war his political preferences turned
in favor of the Union, as administered by the Republican
party, and on the occasion of the Presidential election, in
1864, he rode six railes through the rain and gave Abrahara
Lincoln a viva voce vole. Pie went to lUinois in Decem
ber, 1864, intending to practice niedicine, but finding no
fair opening, and as his health had been sufficiently re
stored, he ventured to resurae his rainisterial labors in con
nection wilh Ihe Illinois Confel-ence of Ihe Methodist Epis
copal Church, He passed two years in Maltoon, four years
in Jacksonville, three^in Springfield, and one year in the
Danville district. In June, 1874, he was elected Superin
tendent of the Illinois Institution for the Instruction of the

88

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

BUnd, vvhich position he still retains. Pie was raarried in
October, 1853, to L: J., a daughter of Rev. R. J. Dungan,
of Kentucky, and has a family of three sons.

^ONFIELD, JOSEPH F., Lawyer, was born August
15th, 1841, in Buffalo, Nevv York, his parents
being from Ireland. After an excellent prelirai
nary education he entered the University of
Chicago, graduating therefrom in 1864, and from
the law department ofthe same institution in 1865.
He then coraraenced Ihe practice of law in the city of
Chicago, and despite Ihe pressure of his legal duties gave a
great deal of his lirae, abilities, and influence to the fur
therance of educational interests, serving five years as a
member of the City Board of Education, and was otherwise
identified with the city schools, and also vvith Ihe University
of Chicago, of the Board of Trustees of which he is al
present an active member. He was a meraber of the Board
of Trustees of Hyde Park, and its President in 1874-75.
Pie has followed his profession closely, is an excellent law
yer, and has a very extended practice, largely connected
wilh real estate litigation. For a young man he is very
prominentiy identified wilh the city's growth and politics.

ARREN, GEORGE E., Farmer, Lawyer, and
Judge, was born August l6lh, 1817, in Worth
ington, Scioto county, Ohio, and is a son of Dr.
Thoraas and Martha (De Wolf) Warren, the
former being of Puritan origin, and the latler of
Huguenot descent. His father passed a con
siderable portion of his early manhood at sea, visiting
nearly every portion of the world, being both a supercargo
and a physician. On his final return to the United States
he passed four years in Ohio, and Ihence removed to Bris
tol, Rhode Island, and practised his profession as physician.
During his residence there his son George enjoyed the best
of educational advantages, corapleling his studies by a four
years' course in Brown University, whence he graduated in
the class of 1835. In October of the same year, in com
pany wdth his brother, sister, and father, he went to the
we-ilern country. His father invested ^6000 (which
George had inherited frora his grandfather) in an improved
farm adjoining Jerseyville, and also in olher lands in Jersey
county, IlUnois. Meanwhile, George went lo CarroUton,
in the same Slate, where he entered the office of Woodson
& Hodges for the purpose of studying law; and at this
lirae he acted as Deputy Circuit and County Clerk. In the
auturan of 1837 he went lo Jersey county, and remained
on his farm until the foUowdng spring, when he reraoved to
Alton, and corapleted his law studies in the office of Bullock
& Keating, being admitted lo the bar in the spring of 1839.

The following year he commenced farming on his lands in
Jersey county, where he continued until 1849, serving as
Justice of the Peace during a portion of this lime. When
he commenced the farmer's life his health was not good,
but under that discipline he improved considerably. In
l84g he was elected County Judge, being the finst term of
that office under the new Constitution of 1848. He held
that position during two terms of four years each. In
political views he was a Whig, and has since been an earnest
Republican. During the lale rebellion he distinguished
himself greatly by his warm espousal of the cause of the
Union. Few raen in the Slate exercised a more salut.ary
infiuence in this direction Ihan himself In June, 1862, he
forraed a law partnership wdlh his son-in-law, William H.
Pogue, and re-commenced the practice of law, in which he
has since continued ; although he still devotes a consider
able portion of his time to his farm. He is a most influ
ential and useful citizen ; and during his entire life has
been an earnest, zealous Christian. He was married, in
1837, wdien bul twenty years of age, to Harriet S., daughter
of Sarauel S. Allen, of Bristol, Rhode Island, who was then
Collector of that port.

HOMAS, SAMUEL BARBER, Clerk of Grundy
county, Illinois, was born in Chester county,
Pennsylvania, October 20th, 1820. His father,
William Thomas, was an iron moulder and
founder. When the son was a year old the
family raoved to Lebanon, Pennsylvania, where
he attended coraraon school until twelve years old. They
then raoved to Centre county, where he clerked in a store
for two years. Pie then worked in a foundry for a short
lirae, and also sold butter and eggs along a road lo Ihe
new town of Fanandsville, then being opened ; then kept
store and books for a canal contractor at Curlin's Forge
awhile; then clerked for four years in Spring Mills, and
again at Linden Hall for three years ; then kept books at
Martha's Furnace; then vvas under manager of a furnace
in Cambria county for a year; then in a store in Bellefonle;
and then kept books at a furnace in Lewistown for a year.
He then returned to Idnden HaU and was engaged in the
dry-goods and milling business there in partnership wilh
W. Irvin for a year, vvhen they sold out. His next move
was to Clearfield county, and he vvas a partner wilh D. A.
Stuart, in the lumber and dry-goods business for four years.
He then went to Peru, Indiana, and, in partnership wdlh
his uncle, Joseph Thoraas, graded part of the track of the
Peru & Indianapolis Railroad. In 1854 he raoved lo
Morris, Illinois, and became clerk in a dry-goods store.
In 1855 he was married to Amanda J. Ferguson, of
Geneseo, New York, and in the sarae year, in connection
wilh his uncle, opened a dry-goods store, under the name
of J. Thomas & Co., and engage.d also in mining coal, to
dispose of which they opened a coal yard in Chicago; but.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

their capital being limited, they had to relinquish these
enterprises after a period of two years. He was, in 1858,
elected Justice of the Peace, in Morris, Illinois; in i860
was an unsuccessful candidate for the office of Circuit
Clerk; and in 1S61 was elected Clerk of Grundy county,
and has been three tinies successively re-elected, covering
in all a period of sixteen years. The duties of this posi
tion he still performs. He has also been connected wilh
raunicipal affairs, and at one period filled the office of
Mayor of the City of Morris, where he novv resides.

MITH, JACOB M., Pork Packer and Curer, was
born in Monroe county, Virginia, Septeraber 24th,
1826. He is a son of Merry W. and Lydia
(Morris) Sraith, both Virginians. When he was
in his seventh year his parents reraoved to Shelby
county, Indiana, and in 1840 came to Adams
county, Illinois, settling at Burton, about nine miles from
Quincy, where the father still lives on his farra and enjoys
the respect of all who come in contact wilh hira. Jacob
M. at an early age was apprenticed to learn the cooper's
trade, which he thoroughly raastered in all its branches.
Being of an independent disposition he deterrained to do
for hiraself, and at the same lirae, acknowledging the obli
gations due his father, he bought his tirae frora hira when
seventeen years of age, by getting out the wood and raak
ing hira 1000 flour barrels, which were valued at about
;S35o. This accoraplished, he launched out for himself,
and went to Payson in Adams county, bought a lot and
erected a shop to carry on his coopering trade, in the
spring of 1846. He reraained here, however, but a .short
time, when he contracted with parties to go to Palrayra,
Misscniri, and pursue his trade there, they agreeing to take
all the barrels he could raanufacture wdlh a force of eight
men. His productions here, however, vvere much greater
than the contracting parties could make use of, and they
vvere glad to cancel their contract by p.aying ;?iooo for a
release. He then returned lo Burton and carried on his
trade there until 1850, vvhen he carae lo Quincy and en
gaged in mercantile business up to i860. In 1855 he
added to his business that of packing and curing pork,
and since i860 has confined himself exclusively lo that
branch of trade. In this business, as in all occupations in
which he has ever engaged, he has made hiraself thorough
master in every detail, and his energy and judgment have
been such that to-day the house of Smith & Farloii are
the largest dealers in their line in Quincy. Devoting his
entire tirae to the able management of his business, he has
discarded politics almost entirely; yet in the spring of
1875 he was called upon to accept the RepubUcan nomi
nation for Mayor of the town, and was elected, notwilh
standing the tovvn is largely Democratic. This fact can
be accounted for only by the extrerae po2iularily of Mr.
12

Smith with Ihe masses of the people, raore part'>v;ularly the
raanufacturing class, who find in hira one always ready lo
Usten to their w-aiils and lend a helping h.and. In raanner
he is entirely unassuming ; in fact, he is a type of the true
self-made man who has raade his position entirely by his
own industry and unswerving integrity. He was married
in September, 1852, to Zippy Hanks, from Salem, Wash
ington county, New York, who still lives. He is a direc
tor and stockholder in the First National Bank of Quincy,
and also holds a third interest in the grain elevator in
that town.

RUSHING, GEORGE H., D. D. S., Dentist, was
born, in Providence, Rhode Island, in May,
1829. His parents were Henry and Harriet
(Philbrook) Cushing; his father was, for a
nuraber of years. Treasurer of the Providence
Savings Institution, and while acting in that
responsible capacity, perforraed the functions of his office
wilh exactitude and recognized ability. He acquired his
preliminary education in the public schools of his native
place, and, at the completion of an elementary course of
studies, in 1847, entered Ihe office of N. A. Fisher, M. D.,
in Providence, to learn the dental profession. At that date.
Dr. Fisher, long recognized as one ofthe leading and most
skilful dental practitioners in the Stale, had given up the
active practice of medicine in general, and was restricting
hiraself alraost entirely to that of dentistry — Ihis step being
rendered necessary by his enfeebled slate of health. After
remaining under the supervision of his instructor for a
term of two years, he resolved to establish a practice of his
own, and with this end in view he located himself in
Bristol, Rhode Island. His slay in that tovvn, however,
was brief. The memorable gold fever convulsing the
countiy in 1849, '""e. with so many others anxious lo set
foot in the western El Dorado, raoved to California. In
that region he remained for about six years, the greater
portion of his tirae being occupied in the active practice
of his profession. Returning to Providence in the fall of
1856, he placed in order his business raatters in Ihal ciiy,
and in the spring of the following year raoved to Chicago,
lUinois. This he did. in order lo take the place of Dr.
Charles PI. Quinlan, one of the raost skilful and reliable
dental practitioners of the Northwest section, one who — •
through his perseverance and abilities — had acquired an
extensive and remunerative practice ; associated vvith the
latter was his brother, John D. Quinlan. Subsequently
he connected himself in partnership with Ihe brother?, and
the firm continued without change until its dissolution, in
1866. He then prosecuted successfully the practice of his
profession alone, adding to his reputation as a dentist of
skill and ingenuity. On the formation of the Illinois Stale
Denial Association, he was one of Ihe charter raembers,
and in all that concerns the welfare and progress of that

-go

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

institution has ever evinced a warm and unflagging interest ;
of the above association he was also for one year President.
He is also a meraber, and was for one year Presideni, of
the American Dental Association, and is an irregular con
tributor to the various dental journals. In 1858 he vvas
married to May Larward, daughter of the lale Major
Charles H. Larward, Uniled Slates Array, forraerly a resi
dent of Rhode Island. She died shortly after marriage,
and in i860 he was married to her sister, Minnie Lar
ward, who is still living.

COTT, HON. JOHN M., Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of Illiaois, was born near Belle
ville, Illinois, August Ist, 1823. He is of Scotch-
Irish extraction, but his immediate ancesliy vvere
born in Virginia; before the organizalion of the
Slate his parents emigrated to Illinois, and vvere
among the earlier settlers of this section of the Northwest.
He was, in a large measure, dependant upon the facilities
offered by the comraon schools for his early education ;
subsequently, under private tuition, he acquired a fair
knowledge of Latin, and unusual proficiency in the higher
branches of mathematics. During his youth he formed
the determination to erabrace the legal profession, and,''
vvith that end in view, engaged in school teaching until he
becarae a student in the law office of Kinney & Bissell,
then ranking araong the leading practitioners of southern
Illinois. He studied the eleraentary books of the science
with diligence, and gleaned from them that system of sound
legal philosophy which later characterized his practice and
teachings. After his admission to the bar, in 1848, he
removed to McLean county, and there commenced the
active practice of his profession. In the earlier settlement
and history of the Slate, Sl. Clair county was the centre of
civilization, while Chicago was known siraply as a place at
the raouth of Ihe Chicago river, and at Ihe date of his
adraission to practice McLean county was but in its
infancy; no system of railroads existed, and that splendid
development vvhich has since impressed itself upon the
central portion of Illinois vvas but dimly deciphered in the
future. At this lirae Ihere were at Ihe bar of McLean
county many lawyers of distinction and ability: Judge
Davis, Abraham Lincoln, General Gridley, John T. Stuart
and raany olher distinguished practitioners. In 1849,
being then in possession of an extensive and reraunerative
clientage, he was elected School Commissioner of the
county, and served in that capacity wilh energy .and ability
until 1852. In the latter year, he vvas elected Judge of the
County Court, having been in the meanwhile elected also
Ciiy Attorney of the city of Bloomington. From his boy
hood he had been an ardent Whig, and a v^-arm admirer
of Heniy Clay; and upon the dissolution of the old party,
and the subsequent formation of Ihe Republican parly, he

became a member of the new organization, espousing its
policy, and adhering consistently to its principles and ex
ponents vvhen it had neither favor lo expect nor patronage
lo bestow. Ill 1856 he was nominated for Stale Senator
in a district governed completely by anti-Republican senti
raents ; he then canvassed the district thoroughly, and was
noted as the first openly avowed anti-.slavery man who had
delivered political speeches as a candidate for office in Ihe
surrounding region. Although defeated, it was by a much
smaUer majority than his most sanguine supporters had
expected. Upon the appointraent of Judge Davis lo the
.Supreme bench of the Uniled States, in 1862, he was, vvith
singular unanimity on the part of the bar of the circuit,
solicited to become a candidate to succeed to the position
left vacant by that distinguished juri.st. The sentiment of
the bar proved lo be but Ihe reflex of the will of the people,
and he was elected wiihout opposition. After having
served the unexpired term, he was re-elected, and again
without opposition. Under his new election he continued
to discharge the duties of Circuit Judge until August, 1870.
The new constitution, adopted July 2nd, 1870, provided
that the Slate should be divided into seven judicial dis
tricts, and that the Supreme Court should consist of seven
instead of three judges; this change made it necessary to
elect four persons living in the districts ; not having a repre
sentation in the Supreme Court, as organized under the old
constitution. For several months prior to this tirae, he
had been prorainentiy raentioned in connection wilh a
position on the Supreme bench; the district in which he
resided extended frora the Illinois river on the west to
Ihe Wabash on the east, as far nortii as Livingston, and as
far south as- Coles county, and in that district resided
raany lawyers noted for both rectitude and learning.
Receiving, however, the indorsement of a majority of the
bar, he distanced all corapelitors, and was elected Judge
of the Suprerae Court of Ihe State for the Third District
for nine years, from August, 1870. Although slid in his
prime, he has been importantiy identified wdlh the
judicial history of the State, both as a lawyer and as
a judge, and is the first native who has been honored
vvith the distinction of a seat on Ihe bench of the Suprerae
Court. plis name first appears in the "3d Gilman,"
and his published opinions, comraencing with the " 54lh
Illinois," continue dovvn to the present tirae. By the
allotment made by Ihe judges, his term as Chief-Juslice
commenced at the June term of 1875, and thus far his
administration has been characterized by scrupulous justice
and admirable dignity. He looks upon Ihe law as
a system of social and political philosophy, and not
as a collection of arbitrary rules founded on technical
distinction. His style as a judge is clear, accurate and
concise, and in reading his opinions no doubt is left
on the mind as to the point decided ; his language
is chaste and forcible, while his composition is a model
of 'judicial statement.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

9'

JEVA-N, THO.MAS, M. D., w£is born in Cincin
nati, Ohio, June nth, 1830. His father, Thoraas
Bevan, carae to this country from England in
1816, and was one of the adventurous early
pioneers who, seitling in the southern section
of Ohio, reclaimed that portion of the now
populous Slate from a condition of primitive and perilous
wildness. His mother was Elizaljelh (Dean) Bevan, for
meriy a resident ofthe State of Virginia. His preliminary
education vvas acquired in the public schools of the city of
his birth, whence he entered the seminary at Covington,
Kentucky, and prosecuted a course of studies in the higher
branches. Subsequently, selecting the medical profession,
he m.alriculaled at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati,
in 1847, graduating in 185 1. In order lo add still further
to his professional acquirements, he immediately departed
for the continent, and entered the Medical Department of
the famous University of France, at Paris. Plere he re
mained for a period of two years, during which tirae he
was constantly occupied in patient study and research. On
his return to the United Stales, he comraenced lo practice
in Cincinnati, Ohio; but a few raonths later, in the summer
of 1854, he removed lo Chicago, Illinois, vvhere he has
since reraained in active practice. In 1867 he became a
meraber of the faculty of the Chicago Medical College, as
Professor of Hygiene, vvhich chair he has since filled in the
most creditable and satisfactory manner. He is also one
of the medical staff of the Cook County Hospital, from
the Chicago Medical CoUege, and for the past ten years
has been one of the clinical lecturers at that hospital. As
a lucid and able lecturer, he has secured a widespread and
merited repulalion in the northwest; vvhile his sterling
talents, natural and acquired, won for hira al an eariy d.ale
the esteem and admiralion of those best qualified to pro
nounce upon his merits. He vvas married, in 1853, to
Sarah E. Ramsey, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

TREVELL, JASON W., ex-Senator and Lawyer,
was born in Berne, Albany county. New York,
on February Sth, 1832. His father vvas a farraer,
and for a long tirae he pursued on the latter's
estate the agricultural labors required in ils
developraent. He coraraenced an acaderaical
course at Rensselaerville, in the same county, in his fif
teenth year, and after ils completion read law for a tirae
with Ihe firra of Peckham & Tremain, of Albany, employ
ing his spare hours in teaching. In the fall of 1855 he
removed from Albany to Pontiac, Illinois, vvhere he has
since resided. Here he continued his legal studies, and
commenced practice, but I is attention for sorae years was
almost wholly absorbed in a mercantile enterprise in which
he embarked wdth an associate from Albany. In 1864 he
was elected to the lower house of the Illinois Legislature,

on the Republican ticket. IlUnois was Ihe seat of a great
political carapaign, which for n long time had been con
ducted on opposite sides by the late President Lincoln and
the late Senator Douglas. It was Mr. Strevell's good
fortune to enjoy a close acquaintance wilh Mr. Lincoln,
and during the war, as vvell as during the various political
eras in that Stale, to offer hira no uninfluenlial support.
His raost conspicuous service in the Legislature was lo
slay the tide of special legislation, which for years had
been enacted in favor of private corporations ; and in Ihis
service, so rauch needed by the people, he obtained a great
reputation as an able and conscientious statesman, and
secured Ihe reward of popular esteem. In 1868 he was
returned as Stale Senator, and served honorably for four
years, and during this service assisted in securing a much-
needed Reform School for Juvenile Offenders and Vagrants,
which was separated from the other State penal institutions.
This school is located at Pontiac, and its results have
realized the assertions which he made in favor of ils
estabUshment, that it would be of incalculable benefit to
the Commonwealth. Upon the expiration of his terra in
the Senate, he resuraed Ihe practice of lavv, and soon
achieved the reputation of a profoundly-read and acute
jurist. He has been for years a leading RepubUcan in his
section, and his social qualities, together wilh his public
spirit, which has brought hira into the active supporl of
needed improvements, and his generosity, have won for him
the respect of the entire community vvhere he resides.

IJURLBUT, VINCENT L., M. D., was born in
West Mendon, Monroe county. New York, June
28lh, 1829. His father, Horatio Nelson Hurl-
but, M. D.,- established himself in Chicago,
Illinois, in 1851, and is one of the oldest and
most widely known medical practitioners of that
city. His raother, Sabina (Lombard) Hurlbut, was a
native and former resident of Montpelier, Vermont. His
education was acquired in the Jefferson Acaderay, located
in Jefferson, A.shtabula county, Ohio; an institution in
which were taught the higher branches, ancient and
raodern languages, etc. Upon the corapletion of his allotted
course of studies in the acaderay, he decided to embrace
Ihe medical profession, and immediately commenced read
ing medicine under the able guidance and careful super
vision of his father ; he attended the first course of lectures
at the Cleveland Medical College, in the winter of 1849
and 1850. He had intended to complete his studies
at Jefferson College, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but
was induced finally to abandon that desire, and in the
wdnler of 1851 and 1852 he matriculated at the Rush
Medical College, of Chicago, Illinois. He then entered
into active practice in Chicago, and, meeting rapidly wilh
merited success, has since continued to reside perraanentiy

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

in that city. He is one of the Surgeons of the Women's
Hospital of the Slate of Illinois, located in Chicago, and
during ihe past three years has acted in that capacity,
evincincr in the performance of his professional duties the
possession of skilful resources and a high order of talents,
sustained by the varied experience of the last twenty-five
years. Warmly interested in the Masonic Order, his record
in the contemporary annals of that venerable instilulion is
wholly honorable ; he is Deputy Grand Master of the Grand
Encampment of the Knight Templars ofthe United States,
and also an active meraber of Suprerae Council " 33." In
all raatters pertaining to the social progress of those sur
rounding him, he is a generous and unostentatious helper,
and is warmly interested in the welfare and advancement
of his adopted Stale and county.

n-IOMAS, IION. WILLIAM, Lawyer and Jurist,
was born Noveraber 22d, 1802, in vvhat was then
Warren, but is now Allen county, Kentucky. His
parents were natives of Virginia, who in Iheir
infancy removed vvith their parents to Ken
tucky soon after the terraination of the Indian
wars, and married in 1800. They settled in the woods,
where they opened a farm, on which they resided over
fifty years. His education included only the rudimentary
branches, and was obtained in tiie rude log cabins of that
early day. When he vvas sixteen years of age, his father,
who was then sheriff of the county, appointed him his deputy ;
his duties being confined lo serving noiices, summoning
witnesses, and collecting taxes. At the expiration of his
father's official terra, he vvas raade Deputy Clerk of Ihe
County Court of AUen county, receiving in lieu of salary his
board and clothing. He remained .in that position about
two years, when he accepted a similar place in the county
of Warren, at a salary of $200, and Ihere he continued
also for a year and a half While attending to the duties
of these offices he became familiar wilh the forms of deeds,
mortgages, and other instruments used in the transaction of
business, and also wilh the forms used in proceedings in the
courts ; also wdlh the raodes of proceeding and rules of de
cisions upon questions of practice. On leaving the Clerk's
office, his friends advised him to study and follow Ihe pro^
fession of the law. At Ihis time Hon. James T. Moorehead
of Bowling Green, who was afterwards Governor of the
State, and a United Slates Senator, tendered him the use
of his office and library free of charge, vvhile his father pro
posed to board him, and wait for his pay from the fees he
should receive after his admission lo practice. Pie accepted
these kind offers, and his law license was issued July 5th,
1823, when he engaged in professional duties wilh Coun
sellor Moo-ehead, who had a large practice in Logan county,
as attorney for a bank located at Bowling Green, lo attend to
which Lawyer Thomas went to Russellville, where he re

mained over a year in that service. In December, 1824,
he relumed to Bowling Green, and entered ihe office of the
Plon. Joseph R. Underwood, to assist ihe latler in his pro
fessional engagements, and continued with him at a small
salary until Septeraber, 1826, when he removed .to Illinois,
and located at Jacksonville, where he has ever since re
sided. During his first winter there he taught school, and
in the spring and fall of 1827 he attended all the courts in
the first judicial circuit, composed of nine counties, and
vvas fortunate enough to find some clients. In the summer
of 1827 he volunleered as a private in the mounted militia,
called out by Governor Edwards to protect the miners and
settlers of Jo Daviess county against threatened incursions
of the Winnebago Indians. He was appointed Quarter
master-Sergeant, and ultimately filled the post of Comrais-
sary also to the troops. During the winter of 1828-29 he
attended the Legislature, then sitting at Vandalia, and he
reported the proceedings for the only newspaper printed at
the seat of governraent. During this sarae session the first
judicial circuit vvas divided, and a new circuit vvas created
north of the Illinois river. He received the appoinlraent
of State Attorney, and attended the courts thereof in 1829,
when he resigned. On March 25th, 1830, he was raarried
to Catharine Scott, of Morgan county, Illinois, a native of
Litchfield, New York. In 1831 he was appointed School
Comraissioner of Morgan county, by which he vvas authorized
to sell the school lands of the several townships, and secure
the raoney arising from the sales. He resigned this office
early in 1835. He participated in the Black Hawk war,
first in the spring of 1 83 1, in the brigade under General
Joseph Duncan, and a year later under General .Samuel
Whitesides, and filled the position of Quartermaster and
Commissary on both of those occasions. He was elected
lo the State .Senate for four years, and took his seat in De
ceraber, 1834. That body then consisted of Iwenly-four
members, of whom but two others — Cyrus Edwards of
Alton, and Richard Tjiylor of Chicago — beside hiraself
.survive. The leading question pending during that winler
was the construction of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, and
after some lime had been passed in discussing it, a loan of
^500,000 was authorized, Ihough subsequent legislation was
required lo effect this. Beside several olher bUIs of minor
importance. Senator Thomas was the author of the follow
ing general laws ; i. The seven years' limitation law in re
gard lo actions and suits against parlies having possession
of lands with a connected title in law or equity. 2. The
act (and the first on that subject) authorizing religious
societies lo hold in perpetuity ground whereon lo build
houses of worship, and lo bury the dead. 3. The act
vesting trustees of incorporated towns or cities wilh power
lo declare vvhat should be considered nuisances, and lo pro
vide for their removal or abatement. 4. The act to provide
for the distribution and application of the interest on the
school, college, and seminary funds. 5. The act to pro
vide for the security of the school funds. At this session

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

93

provision was made for the election of Stale attorneys by
the Legislature, which he opposed as being unconstitutional,
these offices having been previously filled by Ihe Governor
and Sen.ale. The Legislalure convened again, under the
call of the Governor, in Deceraber, 1835, the chief objects
being to provide for work on the. canal, and for apportioning
the representation for the succeeding five years. At the
session of 1836-37, Senator Thomas was appointed Chair
man of the Committee on the Canal and Canal Lands, and
so continued until he left the Senate in March, 1839. Dur
ing this session (of 1836-37) an effort was made to change
the canal frora Ottowa to Joliet to a slack-water navigation,
but it did not succeed. Pie made a report against the change
and in favor of the " deep cut." He prepared all the bills
for acts relating to the canal and canal lands that were
p.assed from December, 1836, to March, 1839. Pie was op
posed to the systera of internal iraproveraent adopted in
1836-37. He prepared and introduced the bill for the "Act
to amend the several laws in relation to Coraraon Schools,"
approved March 4th, 1837, by which, for the first time, pro
vision vvas made for the organization of a systeni of common
schools throughout the Stale. In the session of 1838-39
his time was mostly occupied in preparing and acting upon
bills relating to the canal. At this session an act was
passed incorporating the Deaf and Dumb Institution, of
which he vvas made one of the trustees, and was continued
as a raember of the board until 1869, vvhen he was ap
pointed a member of the Board of State Charities, which
position, owing to infirmity, he resigned during the follow
ing suramer. In March, 1839, he vvas elected Circuit Judge
of the First Judicial Circuit by the Legislature. He was
elected to the lower branch of the .State Legislature in 1846.
During the first week ofthe session of 1846-47 he proposed
and introduced a bill for an act incorporating a Retreat for
the Insane — the first raoveraent in the Legislalure on that
subject — wilh provisions for the care of that unfortunate
class. This bill passed the House, and had been read and
referred to a coraraittee in the Senate, when Miss Dix ar
rived at the seat of governraent, on her raission to petition
the Legislature to make provision for the care of the insane
ofthe State. She objected to his bill because it made no
appropriation of funds ; and she, with the comraittee, de
cided lo propose and introduce a nevv bill in the Senate.
Accordingly, with the assistance of Miss Dix, the Hon.
Charles Constable, of the Senate, prepared the bill, which
was finally passed ; and Judge Thoraas was made a trustee
of the institution. When Miss Dix first reached Spring
field, he was the only member of the Legi.slalure with whom
she had any acquaintance ; he therefore introduced her to
the members. He remained a trustee of this Retreat until
after the purchase of the site and the walls of the building
vvere ready for the reception of the roof, when he resigned.
He was elected and served as a delegate in the Constitu
tional Convention of 1847. He was one of the parties who
paid the expenses of raaintaining a School for the Blind for

nearly a year previous to the nieeting of the Legislature in
January, 1849; ^"^ he was the author of the bill creating
and incorporating the Institution for the Blind, which was
passed without a change. He prepared Ihe bill which w.as
enacted in March, 1845, incorporating the Sangaraon &
Morgan Railroad Company, and authorizing the sale to
that company ofthe raUroad frora Springfield to the Illinois
river. He also prepared and secured the passage of the
acts under which the road vvas extended eastward fiom
Springfield lo the State line. Pie vvas a member of the
Legislature during the session of 1851-52, and the subse
quent called session. Pie was charged wilh being the au
thor of the bill for the "Act to estabUsh a General System
of Banking,'' passed in 1851 ; but the charge was false. At
the request of the committee he revised the bill, arranged
the sections, and proposed several amendments, all of which
were adopted. He prepared all the bills required, at this
session, in relation lo the State institutions located at Jack
sonville. Al the subsequent called session he prepared the
bill for the act providing for obtaining the right of way for
roads, which was passed without any substantial change.
During these two sessions he was placed on numerous com
mittees. Upon raost of them he acted, and his lirae vvas
constantly occupied in reading bills, and in preparing, sug
gesting and reporting araendraents. He uniforraly opposed
special legislation, especially acts authorizing executors, ad
ministrators and guardians to sell real estate of infants, acts
granting divorces, granting ferry licenses, and acts for all
purposes that could be compassed by application to the
courts. The present " Illinois Feraale CoUege " vvas origin-
uUy incorporated as " The Illinois Annual Conference
Female Academy," intended to be established and sustained
by the voluntary contributions of tiie preachers, members
and friends of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He vvas
appointed one of the trustees and contributed very liberally
towards the sarae. He continued a trustee until the in
stitution was changed to a college, and until a large debt
had been contracted (for vvhich the trustees were personally
responsible) in enlarging Ihe building and providing board
ing and rooms for pupils coming from distant points. As
all of his time was required in attending to private and
public engagements, he proposed to resign his place as
trustee ; and to avoid the implication that this proposition
was wdlh a view to escape responsibility for liabilities, he
advanced ^1000 to the board, vvhich vvas supposed to be
a liberal part in case the trustees should be required to
meet the liabilities out of their private means. In 1861 the
west wing was burned, and this so reduced the capacity of
the building to accommodate boarders, that no revenue could
be expected from that source ; and therefore the Iruslees
decided at once to meet the indebtedness, vvhich amounted
to over ^30,000, or to abandon the college. He now paid
what was admitted lo be raore than h'ls pro rata part of the
araount ; and it vvas said that, but for his liberality, the debt
could not h.ave been paid. Although this raay be true, the

94

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

same remark would apply to several of the preachers, vvho
paid as much if not more than he did, in proportion to their
means. FoUowing the payment of this indebtedness, he
vvas one of several who contributed about ^6000 for rebuild
ing the west wing. He then insured the building for $Sooo,
and the trustees did tiie same for ^30,000. In less than
three years the main building was burned. He charged
Ihe institution Ihe cost of the insurance, and gave the col
lege the balance of what was paid him on his policy. In
addition he donated ^looo lo pay for healing the raain
building wilh steara, which being rebuilt, he again insured
il, and in less than two years it met a similar fate. He
donated, as in the first instance, the balance accruing tohim,
amounting together to about ^7000, but has not re-insured
since the rebuilding of the main edifice. He proposed to
resign, in 1874, his position as trustee, but the Conference
were unwdlling to accept. His terra of office expires in
1S75, and he has determined not to accepi a re-appointraent.
In the spring of 1861 he was appointed by the Governor
and Senate a meraber of the Board of Array Auditors. . In
the following suraraer he vvas deputed to go to Washington
to obtain funds from the Uniled Stales to pay war accounts,
and succeeded in obtaining ^450,000. He had the accounts
in such form that Secretary Chase, wdlhout occupying more
than twenty minutes' time, gave the order for the money.
On applying at the Treasurer's office, he discovered Ihal
the Treasury notes which he expected lo receive were not
printed, and twenty -days elapsed before they vvere delivered
to him. He continued in the office of Auditor until the
spring of 1862, vvhen he resigned, having examined up
wards of ^2,000,000 of accounts;

] OBBINS, JOSEPH, M. D., was born in Leominster,
Worcester county, M.assachuselts, September 12th,
1834. His father, Gilman Robbins, belonged to
an old Massachusetts family, prorainent during the
Rjvolulionary times and troubles. His mother,
Rebecca Dunster, was also a native of the same
Stale. His earlier education vvas acquired in the home
circle, and in 1858, having decided lo erabrace the rae
dical profession, he removed to Ihe West, and located
hiraself at Quincy, Illinois, where he read medicine under
the supervision and able guidance of Dr. John Parsons.
Subseciuently returning to the Ea-sl, he matriculated at the
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and
gr.adualed from that institution in March, 1861. Returning
thence lo Quincy, he immediately commenced Ihe active
practice ofhis profession, and since has been constantly en
gaged in attending to the many duties attendant on an ex
tensive and constantiy increasing bu.siness. Pie is an effi
cient and esteeraed member of Ihe County and Stale
Medical Societies; also of Ihe Araerican Medical Associa
tion and the Pathological Society. He is a zealous and

prorainent colleague of the Masonic Order, and is the
present Deputy Grand Master of the State of Illinois. A
skilful practitioner, and one well versed both in the theory
and practice of the medical science, he possesses the respect
and esteem of the entire community. He was married in
1836 to Louise A. Norris, formerly a resident of the Stale
of Massachusetts.

WING, WILLIAM G., Lawyer, was born in
McLean county, Illinois, May nth, 1839. His
parents are John W. Ewing and Maria M.
(Stevenson) Ewing. He was educated at the
Illinois Wesleyan University, which is located at
Bloomington. After leaving that instilulion he
became engaged in teaching school in Kentucky, and at
the same lime coramenced reading law. In 1858, deciding
to embrace the legal profession, he entered the law office
of Robert E. Williams, then a talented and leading prac
titioner of that section. After the completion of his allotted
term of probation, he was admitted to the bar in the spring
of i860. He then coramenced the active practice of his
profession in the office of his former preceptor, where he
reraained for a period of about one year. Later, he re
moved to Woodford county, Illinois, where he was pro
fessionally occupied during the ensuing eighteen months.
In the fall of 1863 he established hiraself at Quincy, where
he has since reniained, the possessor of an extensive and
remunerative clientage, and also of the confidence and
esteem of the entire community. In 1865 he was elected
Attorney for the town of Quincy, and in 1868 was elected
Slate's Allorney for the district comprising the counties of
Adaras and Hancock. In 1872 he was re-elected on the
Deraocratic ticket to the latter office, which, however, now
comprises Adaras county only. In 1873 he associated him
self vvith Alexander E. Wheat and E. B. Harailton in a law
partnership. Pie was married in Woodford county, Illinois,
in April, 1865, to Ruth Biabcock.

IpRING, HARRISON, Lawyer, was born in Gen
esee county. New York, December Ist, 1824.
His parents were Bridge Loring and S<allie (Chip-
man) Loring, both of whom were natives of
Massachusetts. After acquiring a prelirainary
education, he became the recipient of a collegiate
course at the institute in Brockport, Monroe county. New
York. Upon the completion of his studies in the higher
branches of learning, he decided lo embrace the legal pro
fession, and commenced the study of law in August, 1847,
in the office of Holmes & Palmer, able resident practitioners
of Brockport. Under iheir supervision he prepared hiraself
to pass the required examination ; he graduated also at the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

95

State National Law School, located at Balston, Saratoga
county. New York, and in 1850 was adraitted lo the bar al
Rochester, in the sarae Stale. In the fall of that year, be
lieving that the West offered a wider field for the profitable
exercise of enterprise and skill, he came to Illinois and
settled at Napierville, then the seat of Du Page county. In
this place he remained until 1855, vvhen he reraoved to
Kankakee, where he has since perraanentiy resided, in the
possession of an extensive and ever increasing practice.
He is one of the oldest and ablest practitioners at the bar
of Kankakee county, and occupies a leading position among
his colleagues. He was married in May, 1852, to Almeda
Payne, a forraer resident of Nevv York Stale.

¦i YER, BENJAMIN F., Lawyer, was born at Kings
ton, Rockingham county, New Hampshire, April
22d, 1825, being the eighth in line of descent
frora John Ayer, who emigrated from England in
1637, and settled at Haverhill, Massachusetts, in
1645. His father was a merchant noted for his
business sagacity, prudence and enterprise, who died in
May, 1875, near Manchester, New Hampshire, at the ad
vanced age of eighty-three years. Benjamin F. was fitted
for college at the Albany Acaderay, Albany, Nevv York,
and having afterwards pursued the regular courses of study
at Dartmouth College, graduated from that institution in
1846, in a class wdiich numbers araong ils raerabers A. PI.
Quint, D.D.,of New Bedford, Massachusetts; Professor
Charles A. Aiken, of Princeton College, forraerly President
of Union College; Isaac W. Smith, Judge ofthe Supreme
Court of New Harapshire, and others who have distinguished
them.selves in science, literature and active business pursuils.
Upon leaving Dartmouth, he studied law at Manchester,
New Hanipshire, for two ys ars, and passed one year at the
Harvard Law School. Having completed his preparation
for practice, he vvas admitted to the bar in July, i84g, and
immediately afterwards opened an office at Manchester,
New Hanipshire, where he obtained a large and profitable
patronage. He was elected to a seat in the Legislature in
1853, and was subsequently appointed Prosecuting AUorney
for Hillsborough county, an office vvhich he held vvith dis
tinction for three years. In 1857 he removed to Chicago,
and from 1861 to 1865 held the office of Counsel to Ihe
corporation. While acting in this capacity he prepared the
revised charter of that city, vvhich was adopted in 1863.
Subsequently he was a raeraber of the law firm of Beckwith,
Ayer & Kales, bul is now the senior member of the firm of
Ayer & Kales, who enjoy a very large general practice.
For some years they have been acting as counsel for the
South Park Commissioners, the Chicago West Division
Railway Company, and several of the leading banks and
insurance companies. He is a member of the Law Insti
tute, of the Chicago Literary Society, the Chicago Historical

Society, and at present is President of Ihe Chicago Bar
Association. Since 1865 he has been persistent in his re
fusals of public office, though often solicited to accepi. Pie
is the possessor of rare legal ability, having a thorough
acquaintance wilh the science ofthe law in all ils branches,
and Ihe power of presenting his ideas in a clear, terse, and
convincing raanner. His reputation is that of a profoundly
read lawyer, of a courteous gentleman, and a substantial
citizen. He was raarried in 1868 to Jennie A. Hopkins,
daughter of Hon. Jaraes C. Hopkins, Judge of the Uniled
Stales District Court, of Madison, Wisconsin.

MITH, HON. WILLIAM M., Merchant, Farmer,
and Fine Stock Breeder, vvas born near Frank
fort, Kentucky, M<ay 23d, 1827. Until he had
attained his thirleenlh year his boyhood was
spent in his native place, during which lime he
acquired in Ihe neighboring schools the elements
of a rudiraentary education. Later, his falher removing to
St. Louis county, Missouri, he worked on the farra in the
sarae place, and during the winler raonths attended school
until nineteen years of age. At this period, his father re
raoving wdlh the faraily to Lexington, McLean county,
northeast of Springfield, Illinois, he secured eraployraent in
farraing at a salary of ten and twelve dollars per month for
a term of three years. In i84g, having saved from his
scanty wages Ihe sum of ^102.50, he " entered " forty acres
of land at ^1.25 per acre — a tract which is still in his pos
session. Later, he commenced "breaking" an adjoining
section of Congress land, containing also forty acres, but
before he was possessed of sufficient raeans to pay for it,
another party, pulling forth a claira to the ground, endea
vored lo oust him from its possession ; those residing in the
vicinity compelled the intruder to abandon his claim, the
custom of the lime and place being to give lo him who im
proved the land the first rights of possession. Thencefor
ward he continued to buy lands, according to his. ability,
until he had secured in all about eight hundred acres.
In 1857 he established himself in a mercantile business in
Lexington, vvhich, together wilh his farraing and agricultural
pursuils, he still continues, taking rank in the former as the
foremost man of business in the town. He is extensively
interested in the breeding of short-horned cattle, possesses
at the present time a valuable and varied selection of the
choicer kinds, and is constantiy occupied in improving Iheir
quality, and adding largely to his stock. Since 1854 he
has participated actively and prorainentiy in the polidcal
raoveraents of the Slate and county, and, in no sraall meas
ure, contributed lo the rapid furtherance of the interests of
his fellow-citizens and constituents. From the dale of the
organizalion of the Republican' party he has been a firm,
con.sislent, and valued adherent to ils principles and its
members, and throughout raany of the political carapaigns

96

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of the last quarter of a century has effectively assisted it by
his energy and ability. In 1866 he was elected to the
Lower House of the Legislature, and since has served in
that body during three terms, acting in the last term in the
capacity of Speaker. In the conventions. State and
county, he is invariably selected to represent his county ;
and in all matters concerning the public interests of Illinois
he has been more or less prorainent, whUe in all raoveraents
relating to Lexington and McLean county he has always
been a prirae and vigorous agent and worker. During tee
progress of the civil war he was noted for his loyally and
devotion to the Union cause; was, in various ways, a
liberal supporter of the Government ; and, at the outbreak
of the rebellion, abandoned his mercantile business in order
to devote the whole of his time and means to aid in main
taining the upholding of those principles which had ever
been his guide in political life. Governor Yates urged him
repeatedly to accept a colonel's coraraission in the volun
teer force; but deeraing that he might be more usefully era
ployed in raising and organizing regiments, and in securing
supplies for the sick and wounded, than on the field, the
offers of the colonelcy were continually declined. Al
though a raember of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to
whose funds he is a liberal contributor, he is a liberal sup
porter as well of many of the other churches in the county.
He was raarried, March iglh, 1849, to Nancy Ann Hop
kins, daughter of Patrick Hopkins, of McLean county,
Illinois, and granddaughter of General Joseph Barlhoten,
of Indiana ; by her he has had one child, Mary Emily.

lADDOCK, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL JOHN
W., Lawyer, was born in Caraillus, Onondaga
county. New York, February ¦14th, 1815. His
father, James Paddock, was a miller and farmer;
his mother was Ann Paddock. His preliminary
education was acquired in the schools of his
native place, whence he reraoved to Syracuse, New York,
where he finished his academic course of studies. In
Syracuse, also, he commenced and completed his course of
law studies in the office of J. R. Hicox. From here, in
1836, he moved to IlUnois, was soon after admitted to the
bar, and began the practice of law at Lockport in that
Stale. In the faU of 1853 he established himself in Kan
kakee City, the newly-selected counly-seat of a new county.
There he secured an extensive legal clientage, and also the
confidence and esteera of all wilh whom he vvas brought
into contact. He was thus occupied until 1862, when he
entered the United Slates Army. He was an old-line
Whig, and, on the dissolution of that party, became an
ardent supporter of Douglas; while, being an eloquent and
a forcible speaker, he was an effective and a valued ally.
At the outbreak of Ihe rebellion he forsook a remunerative
practice, and, at his own expense, travelled here and there

for the purpose of delivering stirring speeches in favor of a
vigorous prosecution of the war for the Union. In 1861 he
greatly aided Captain Vaughn in the organizalion of a
company of volunteers, afterward assigned to the 53d
Illinois Regiment. In the ensuing fall he was elected to
the Constitutional Convention of his State, an openly avowed
War Democrat. At the close of the Convention which
fraraed that Constitulion, he was one of the few who
opposed inflexibly what was known as the " New Consti
tution," which he refused to sign; and on his return from
the session he took the field, opposing its adoption — an
action which his county sustained by an overwhelming
raajority. At the close of his labors in behalf of the Slate
in the Convention, he, with others, projected the organiza
tion of the 76lh Regiment. With this regiment he pur
posed entering the service; but six companies still reraain
ing after the 76lh was fiUed, he remained wdth them, and
subsequently moved with them to Chicago, where they
were incorporated with the four corapanies of the then
organizing 3d Board of Trade Regiraent ; and, in October,
1862, he was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel ofthe Ii31h
Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. Before leaving for the
scene of war he was, in the presence of Ihe regiment, at
Camp Hancock, presented with a superb sword by his
fellow-townsman, James M. Perry, of Kankakee. The
113th was then sent to join General Sherman in his expe
dition against Vicksburg, in the fall of 1862, and witnessed
that terrible but unsuccessful struggle. In the following
January Colonel Paddock participated actively in the battie
of Arkansas Post. After this engageraent the regiraent was
divided, part coming to Springfield, Illinois, Ihe remainder
being assigned to Young's Point, Louisiana. They were
also engaged in the raoveraents which resulted in the cap
ture of Vicksburg, July 4th, 1863, he being in command at
the time. He was wdth General Sherman on the Rolling
Fork expedition, and, during the greater portion of the
time consumed in the siege of Vicksburg, commanded the
force assigned to the protection of the landing on the
Yazoo, whence Grant drew his supplies. In August, 1863,
he was ordered to report to General Plurlbul, at Memphis,
an order which he at once prepared to obey, in company
wilh his regiment, then badly stricken wilh disease; he
reached Memphis, but owing to the return of a fever, con
tracted while laboring in the cause of the Union, he was
sent to the officers' hospital, located in that place. There,
after lingering in great pain until August l6th, 1863, he
died on the evening of Sunday, attended by the chaplain
of his regiment. In all that concerned the public interests
of his country he was an able and energetic mover, one
ever impelled by an ardent love of progress and reform.
Religiously, he was in sentiment an Unitarian, although
not a raember of any church. He was twice married; his
first wife, Frances Birch, died about five years after raar
riage, leaving him a son and daughter; his second wife,
Helen Tiffany, was a widow, and by her he had len

.BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

97

children, eight of whom were living at the time of his
decease — three sons and five daughters. Equally as a
lawyer, soldier, and citizen, he has a record free from
stain or blemish.

HEAT, ALEXANDER E., Lawyer, was born in
Cayuga county. New York, April iglh, 1833.
Plis parents are Luther Wheat and Elmira
(Marvin) Wheat. His earlier and preliminary
education was acquired in the neighboring acad
emy of his native place. Upon attaining his
eighteenth year, he decided to embrace Ihe legal profession,
and commenced the study of law in the office of David
Wright, at Auburn, Nevv York, making rapid progress in
his studies under the careful supervision and able guidance
of Ihal practitioner. In 1852, believing that in the West
was lo be found a wider field for the profitable exercise of
skill and industry, he removed to Illinois, located himself
in Quincy, and there, in 1853, was admitled to the bar.
He then entered iramediately upon the active practice of
his profession, and rapidly secured an extensive and re
raunerative clientage. During seventeen years of the time
which he has passed in Quincy, he was associated in part
nership wilh Calvin A. Warren, in the practice of law.
In 1863 he vvas elected to the Legislature from his adopted
town, on the Democratic ticket, and served one terra,
evincing, while acting in that capacity, the possession of
sterling abilities. In January, 1873, the law partnership
of Ewing & HaraUlon vvas forraed, he being the senior
p.artner. He is a skilful and talented practitioner, and
excellently well versed both in the theory and practice of
his profession. He was married, August ist, 1859, to
Josephine W. Woodruff, a resident of Quincy, Illinois.

^'CHMIDT, JOHN, M. D., of Quincy, Illinois,
vvas born in Germany, November 22d, 1822.
He is the son of N. and Margaret (Hapsraan)
Schmidt. In 1839 he carae wdlh his parents to
the United Slates, settling near Gettysburg, Penn
sylvania. After living there about one year his
falher died and John left horae for the West, vvhere, after
passing through Minnesota, Wisconsin, etc., he perraanentiy
located hiraself in LouisviUe, Kentucky, in 1842, and be
came engaged in mercantile pursuits. Leaving his raer
cantile business he entered the rainistry and for ten years
or jnore travelled for the Methodist Conference. His
heallh failing he was obliged to relinquish his arduous
labors in the ministry ; and he resolved to resurae his
raedical education, commenced in Gerraany under his
father, vvho vvas a veterinary surgeon. In 1852 he at
tended a course of lectures at Rush Medical College, in
Chicago, and after necessary preparation removed lo
13

Galena, and commenced Ihe practice of the medical pro
fession in that town. Plere he continued for about three
years, and regained his usual health, when he was prevailed
upon to re-enter again Ihe field in which he had so suc
cessfully labored, and accordingly look charge of a large
Gerraan Methodist Church, in St. Paul, Minnesota. After
laboring here for one year, Ihe Illinois Conference, to
which he belonged, called hira to assume charge of a
large congregation in Quincy (First German Methodist).
In Ihe course of Iwo years, Mr. Schmidt's old affection
(a bronchial one) returned, and he was obliged to again
and finally retire from the rainistry, which he reluclantiy
did, and at the regret of a large congregation. He then
resumed the practice of medicine in the Homoeopathic
School, at Quincy; and, in order lo further perfect hira
self in the science of his profession, he attended a course
at the Missouri Ploraceopathic College, at St. Louis, in
1868. Since his final reliretnent from the ministry he has
been constantly and actively engaged in the practice of
his profession, and has acquired reputation as a skilful
practitioner, and is in the enjoyraent of a large and lucra
tive practice. He was raarried at Louisville, Kentucky,
in 1845, *° WUhelraina Lait, who died in 1855, at Belle
ville, Illinois. He vvas again married, in .1856, to Paulina
J. Meise, from Quincy, who is still living. The doctor
has a faraily of five sons and one daughter. One of the
sons has selected the raedical profession, and is now pur
suing his studies.

UNN, DANIEL W., Lawyer, Journalist, and
Politician, v/as born in Orange county, Vermont,
September I2lh, 1834. His parents still reside
in the above county, vvhere his falher was formerly
engaged in agricultural pursuits. Plis prelirai
nary education was acquired in the public schools
of his native town, whence he entered the Thelford Acad
emy, situated at Thelford, Vermont, vvhere he corapleted a
course of study in the higher branches. In 1852 he
moved westward, stopping temporarily at Aurora and
Rising Sun, Indiana, teaching school at each of these
points, and in Ihe raeanwhile initialing himself into the
theory of law practice. In 1855 he moved lo Coles county,
Illinois, where he corapleted his legal studies under Ihe
able supervision of Judge Starkweather, was admitted to
the bar in June, 1859, and at once began the practice of
his profession in Coles county. In 1862 he entered the
army as Adjutant of the I26lh Regiraent of Illinois In
fantry, and in the following year vvas <appointed Colonel of
Ihe First Alabaraa Cavalry ; the latler position, however,
he vvas compelled lo decline, a step rendered imperatively
necessary on account of his enfeebled health. On his
return to Cairo, Illinois, he resuraed Ihe practice of law,
and, for a lime, edited the Cairo Daily News. In 1866
he was elected to the State Senate from Southern Illinois,

98

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

being the only Republican ever elected from that district.
At the time of the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment
to the Constitution, he was a prominent member of the
Illinois Senate, and the speech delivered by him on that
occasion was universally conceded lo be one of the ablest
ever made before that body. His many other political
speeches, delivered during the various campaigns of the
last decade, exhibit him in the light of a powerful orator
and a scholar of versatile accomplishments. In 187 1, on
the expiration of his term in the Senate, he vvas unani
mously norainated by the Republicans as their candidate
for Congress in the Thirteenth Illinois District; that
section of Illinois, however, being swayed entirely by
Deraocratic views, he was defeated, but by a comparatively
sniall majority. During the same year he was appointed
by President Grant Supervisor of Internal Revenue, his
jurisdiction extending over Illinois, Michigan and Wis
consin, with head-quarters at Chicago, Illinois. Since
January Isl, 1875, he has resided in the latter city and
taken an active interest in all that concerns its local affairs,
social and political, ever evincing a readiness to assist in
any enterprise or movement that may have for ils end the
furtherance of the public welfare.

I DWELL, EDWIN, M. D., Physician and Surgeon^
was born, October I2lh, 1837, in Jefferson county
New York, and is a son of John and Evelyn
(Brainard) Powell. His falher followed the oc
cupation of a farmer, and the son labored ort the
farm until he was about thirteen years old. He
then went to Theresa, New York, to attend the High
School, and made his home in the famUy of Dr. Brewster.
After passing some lime in that city, he went West to visit
his raaternal uncle. Dr. Daniel Brainard, and while there
decided to erabrace the medical profession. In the autumn
of 185 1 he entered Knox College, one of the largest edu
cational inslilulions in the West, where he passed through
ils preparatory department. In the following year he
matriculated at Williaras College, and graduated therefrom
in the class of 1856, ranking the third in a membership of
seventy-six and gaining the raalheraalical honors. Irame
diately after leaving college he repaired to Chicago, where
he entered the office of his uncle. Dr. Brainard, where he
pursued his raedical studies and also became Ihe Interne
Physician at the Uniled Slates Marine Hospital, where he
continued in all about seven years. In addition to this
pos'tion, and before he attained his raajority, he was ap
pointed Deraonstralor of Anatomy in Ihe Rush Medical
CoUege (1856), and occupied that station until the summer
of 1861. In July of that year he entered Ihe Uniled Slates
service as Surgeon, and in the following year was assigned
to the 72d Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. He partici
pated in aU the engagements in and around Vicksburg,

and during the siege of that stronghold had charge of the
I7lh Array Corps Plospital. After the surrender of
Vicksburg, Ihe 3d Corps Hospital was consolidated wdth
the 17th, and thenceforth was designated as the McPher
son General Hospital. Of this latler Dr. Powell was
placed in charge; it was a very large establishment, con
taining some 2200 beds, and here he' rendered most
valuable service, receiving at a subsequent period a gold
medal from the corps as an evidence of their appreciation
for ihe performance of his manifold duties therein. During
the siege of Vicksburg he was made Brevet Lieutenant-
Colonel, and afterwards Colonel, by the President of the
Uniled Stales, for superior service rendered, and also
received a raedal from that department. He was present
during the siege of Mobile, acting as Surgeon-in Chief of
General Carr's division, and then folloSved the army
through Alabaraa and olher Slates. He retired from ihe
service in 1865. On his return to Chicago he was made,
during the year last mentioned. Adjunct Professor of Sur
gery in Rush Medical College. At a later dale the chair
of Military Surgery and Surgical Anatoray was created, to
which he was appointed, and has since continued to hold
the position. He is one of the surgeons of the Cook
County Hospital, the largest hospital in the State. He is
considered a raost able surgeon, and is particularly efficient
in clinical practice. He has successfully perforraed opera
tions for lithotoray and also ovariotomy ; and has con
tributed raore or less to Ihe lileralure of the profession,
mostly on surgical questions. He is of a retiring dis
position, and in manners quite unassuming.

-^-v COUPLER, JOHN DEANS, M. D., Superin-
tendenl of the Illinois Slate Reform School, was
born in Ayrshire, Scotland, Januaiy I5lh, 1836,
and is of Scotch extraction. His education was
acquired primarily in the common schools of his
native place ; subsequently in the Medical De
partment of Buffalo University, New York. Abandoning
school life when in his tenth year, he entered the woollen
bonnet factories of the west of Scotland, where he was
eraployed for a short time, working in Ihe day-lime and
attending school at night. He was afterward apJDrenliced
to serve for a term of four years al the trade of shoe-
making ; and it was while thus employed that he learned
to look with aversion on the system of trades-unionism and
its accompanying trammeling and vitiating effects. For
several years he took an active and fearless part in oppo
sition lo trades unions and their restrictions, believing the
workman a free agent to sell his labor in the highest
market, and his master as free to buy in the lowest; but
finally, discouraged by the persistent enmity of his co
workers and the ceaseless repetition of rattening outrages,
the assaults of ignorant members of the St. Crispin clubs

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

99

and the dangers constantly menacing him, he came to this
country, yet finding here, that same essence of intolerance,
only modified in degree. Subsequently, he resolved to
embrace the medical profession, and, with that end in view,
obtained employment as over.seer of the shoe shop in the
House of Refuge at St. Louis, vvhere later he was ap
pointed Assistant Superintendent. Pursuing his studies
during the leisure days aud hours of the years thus passed,
he prepared himself thoroughly to pass the examination,
and ultimately graduated frora the Buffalo Medical College.
He then practised niedicine for a time in Illinois, meeting
wilh merited success ; but later was prevailed upon to
return to the vvork of trying to aUeviate the condition of
the vagrant class, and, as far as possible, reform the
criminals among the juvenile classes of the community.
The greater portion of his later years has been devoted lo
philanthropic labors, and he has been singularly successful
ill reclaiming from vicious courses large nurabers of
juvenile offenders vvho were far advanced in the path
which leads lo the prison-cell and the gallows. May 15th,
1872, he vvas appointed Superintendent ofthe Illinois State
Reform School, located .at Pontiac, Illinois, and since that
date has retained the position, performing its arduous
and iraportant duties with tact, firraness and charitable
ability. In all mailers, social, political and benevolent,
which affect his Stale and county, he has ever evinced a
warm and generous interest, and in his sphere is widely
recognized as an effective administrator and a gentle
but coiisislent disciplinarian.

'UNNINGHAM, JOSEPPI OSCAR, Lawyer and
ex-Judge, was born in Lancaster, Erie county,
Nevv York, December 12th, 1830. His falher,
Hirara W. Cunningham, vvas engaged in agricul
tural pursuits ; his raother, originally Eunice
Bro'ivn, w.as, at the date of her marriage wilh the
above, the widow of Corydon Sheldon. While still in his
boyhood, his parents removed to Clarksfield, Huron county,
Ohio; in this town he received his elementary education,
subsequently pro'seculing the study of Ihe higher branches
al Oberlin College, Ohio, of which institution he becarae
an inmate in 1850. Al the expiration of his allotted terra
he resolved lo embrace the legal profession, and in 1853,
under trustworthy supervision and guidance, coraraenced
the study of lavv. During the latter year also, while resid
ing at Urbana, Illinois, he published and controlled the
Urbana Union, conducting the raanageraent of that journal
until 1858. While thus occupied, he evinced the posses
sion of adrairable discriminative powers, and in all matters
deported himself wdth marked abiUty. In 1856 he was
admitted to the bar al Urbana, Illinois; but subsequently,
desiring to acquire a still more perfect knowledge of his
profession, he entered the Union Law College, in Cleve

land, Ohio, andgradu.aled from that institution in 1859. He
then resumed his practice in Urbana, Illinois, and has since
been actively and constantiy engaged there in attending lo
the raany duties connected wdth a large and ever-increasing
clientage. Throughout Urbana, which is Ihe counly-seat of
Champaign county, his repulalion for skilfulness and learn
ing is unexcelled, while in the surrounding counlry also it
is widely recognized. In 1861 he was elected County
Judge, an office vvhich he filled for a term of four years.
From 1867 lo 1873 '^^ ^^'%^ ^ valued and efficient raember
of the Board of Trustees of the lUinois State Industrial
University. In all those questions and movements relating
to the welfare and advancement, social, political and finan
cial, of his State and county, he is an unostentatious but
energetic laborer, and takes rank wilh those who, caring
warmly for the public good, secure it in a quiet but effec
tive manner. He vvas married in 1853 to Mary McCon-
oughy, then a resident of Granger county, Ohio.

EES, JAMES H., Dealer in Real Estate, was born
in Slroudsburg, Northampton county, Pennsylva
nia (now Monroe county), AprU 24th, 1813. Plis
falher being a surveyor, the son, who received his
education in the schools and academy of Slrouds
burg, early began to learn and to practise survey
ing, and before he was eighteen years old found himself
'camping out in the woods in charge of a surveying parly.
Having adopted this business he engaged in it in his ovvn
Stale until August, 1834, vvhen he arrived in Chicago, where
he continued in the sarae line. In 1837, the tovvn having
just been incorporated as a city, with William B. Ogden as
mayor, Isaac N. Arnold as city clerk, and John D. Calon
as one of the aldermen — names nt)vv faraous in the annals
of the Stale — Mr. Rees vvas appointed City Surveyor, the
first one that Chicago ever had. About this lirae Ihe great
panic occurred, and for a few years but little business was
transacted in the new city. In 1839 he found his calling,
and look his initiation in the real estate business as a clerk
in the office of W. B. Ogden, now the oldest house of the
kind in Chicago, vvhere he reniained for eight years, travel
ling rauch through Ihe Stale in connection with the dulier,
of his position. He then opened a real estate business for
himself in corapany with Edward A. Rucker, and began
getting up abstracts of tides. They were, so far as he
knows, the originators of this pl.an, which proved so invalu
able to the public and profitable to the owners of the
same, after the great fire of 1 871. A few years later he
bought out his partner's interest in the business and took
into partnership in the abstract business S. B. Chase, selling
out this branch of his business entirely in 1862 to Chase
Brothers. Frora 1852 to 1856 he had in partnership wilh
him in real estate business S. PI. Kerfoot, then D. P.
Slocum, and, at the death of that gentleman, his heirs, until

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

1867, when he took as partner L. H. Pierce, the firm still
continuing in the business as Rees, Pierce & Co. Mr.
Rees has handled an immense amount of properly during
this long period, has acquired a large fortune, and stands
very high in the estiraation of his feUow-citizens, araong
whom he has thus continuously resided for a period of forty-
one years. He is the oldest real estate dealer in Chicago,
and one of its oldest settlers. He has been connected
somewhat wdlh municipal affairs as Alderman, Assessor,
etc., but has devoted his attention almost exclusively to his
business. Pie was married, June 4th, 1844, to Harriet
Frances, daughter of Zalmon Hanford, Esq., of Chicago.
In the year 1854, in corapany wdth a Mr. Huntley, he built
the Lake Vievv House, a few railes north from the city,
which was for years quite a noted and popular place of
resort.

5,^/^ULLER, FRANCIS, President of First National
Bank of Galesburg, was born in Rutland, Ver
mont, in 1815, his parents being Frederick and
Rachel (Gordon) Fuller, both of whom vvere na
tives of the sarae Slate. He enjoyed an acaderai
cal course, which was pursued with great industry
and thoroughness, and in 1836 he embarked in a general
mercantile business in Vermont, which he followed for two
years. In 1839 he travelled West, and located in Grayville,
While county, Illinois, where he resumed his mercantile
business and pursued it successfuUy for three years. At the
expiration of this time he removed to Mount Carmel, and
comraenced Ihe publication of the Mount Carmel Register,
which he edited and managed for five years, establishing in
that period a reputation as a journalist fully alive to the
peculiar requirements of an enterprising newspaper. He
again moved, settling in Newton, Jasper county, where he
re-entered coramercial life, remaining in il until the break
ing out of the civil war, vvhen, foUowdng a general ira
pulse, he took up the profession of arras. He first entered
the United States service as Quarterraaster of the 38th
Regiment lUinois Volunteers, retaining that position until
the spring of 1862, when he was transferred to the staff of
Frederick Steele, wilh whom he .served until the fall of
1863. He was then appointed Disbursing Quartermaster
for the 5th Army Corps, and fulfilled all the important and
responsible duties assigned to this stfilion to the fuUest ac
ceptance of his superiors. He remained in this military
office until the close of the war, when he returned to Illi
nois and located in Galesburg, where he now resides. In
1865 he was appointed President of Ihe First National Bank
of that city, and continues lo fulfil its duties. He is a
gentiem,an of unquestionable integrity, and has brought to
the performance of his official labors jis a Bank Presideni
the sound judgment, precision, and financial ability which
his active career in business pursuits developed. He has

fine social qualities, and is highly esteemed for his private
worth. In 1838 he was married to Adelia A. Rhodes, of
Richmond, Vermont, who still lives.

f LARKE, HASWELL C, Cashier First National
Bank, Kankakee, was born in Boston, Massachu
setts, September 28th, 1842. His father, John
J. Clarke, was a well-known attorney-at-law of
Boston; his mother was Rebecca C. (HasweU)
Clarke. His preliminary education was acquired
in the public schools of his native place, and, upon the
completion of the required course of preparatoiy studies,
he becarae, in 1859, a student in Harvard College, belong
ing lo the class of 1863. In February, 1862, at the out
break of the civil conflict, he entered the Uniled States
service on the staff of Benjamin F. Butler, General in
command, taking rank as Second Lieutenant ; and when
mustered out of service in November, 1865, he held the
position of Lieutenant-Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. His
rapid promotion is fairiy attributable lo his many gallant
and effective services, which won for hira the esteera anct
affection of both officers and subordinates. Al'ler leaving
the battie-field he took up his residence in Kankakee, in
1865, and for a period of three or four years occupied him
self in superintending the flax-mill ^t Ihat place, and, subse
quently, became financially interested in a slone-quariying
enterprise. Al the lime of the establishment and organiza
tion, in 1871, of the First National Bank of Kankakee, he
became a stockholder and Director in that institution, and
was appointed to fill Ihe Cashiership, a position vvhich he has
since occupied, and whose manifold and responsible func
tions he performs with marked energy and ability. He is
an active and valued member of the Masonic organizalion;
is, at the present lime. Deputy Grand Master of the Six
teenth District of the Slate of Illinois, and also Deputy
Grand High-Priest of Ihe Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the
same State. He was married. May 5th, 1869, to Harriet
A. Cobb, sister of Emory Cobb.

ADDOCK, DANIEL H., Lawyer, was born at
Lockport, Illinois, and is Ihe son of Lieutenant--
Colonel Paddock, whose biographical sketch
,, [^9 appears elsewhere in this volume. In the fall of
gTJ i°53 he came with his parents lo Kank.akee,
vvhere he passed his earlier years. He had scarcely
attained his twelfth year when, owing to the dealh of his
father, he vvas thrown entirely upon his own resources —
left unaided to carve out his future. In April, 1864, he
entered the prinling-ofiice of the Kankakee Gazette, where
his salary was one dollar per week for the first four months',
and two dollars per week for the ensuing four. At the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

expiration of that lime he left the printing-office, and ob
tained employment on the farm of an uncle, returning home
to attend school during the winter months. Afterwards he,
with his elder brother, becarae the stay and support of their
mother and the other members of the family. At the age
of seventeen he attended the Illinois Soldiers' College,
situated at Fulton, Illinois, but, on account of pecuniary
embarrassments, was compelled to relinquish his course of
studies. Returning to Kankakee, he was appointed Deputy
in the Post-Office Department, and from Ihere he entered
the office of the County Clerk, where he prosecuted, under
the supervision and able guidance of Thomas P. Bonfield,
the course of law studies to which he had previously de
voted his attention for raore than a year while occupied in
the post-office. In the latter position he remained for nearly
two years, employing his leisure lime and the evening hours
in acquiring an insight into judicial forms and intricacies,
either through observation or by means of the usual text
books. In September, 1873, he attended the law depart
ment of the Union University, at Albany, New York, from
which institution he was graduated in 1873; was adraitted
to the New York Supreme Court; also, subsequently, to the
Illinois bar; and in June, 1874, formed a partnership con
nection with his forraer legal tutor, Thomas P. Bonfield ; is
now the junior meraber of the firm of Bonfield & Paddock,
attorneys-at-law, in Kankakee, Ildnois. In politics he is
warmly Republican; in religion, a Congregationalist and
church member.

'MITPI, MORTIMER W., Lawyer, was born in
Montrose, Susquehanna county, Pennsylv.ania,
April 2lst, 1828, his parents having been Dr.
Horace Smith and Marilla Meacham. He served,
while quite young, an apprenticeship to the print-
ino- trade, and upon its close entered Hartford
University, at Plartford, Pennsylvania, where by close ap
plication he obtained a substantial academic training. In
1850 he entered the office of Hon. G. A. Grow, at Mon
trose, as a -student of law, but completed his studies in the
office of Judge A. K. Peckham, in 1852, in which year he
vvas admitted to the bar. In 1853 he located in Oregon,
Ogle county, Illinois, comraencing there an active practice
of his profession. The editorial chair, in the then cora
paratively new country, held out to hira irresistible induce
ments, and shortly after his arrival at Oregon he purchased
the establishment of the Ogle County Reporter, the only
¦journal published in Ihat county at the time. For four
years he devoted himself zealously to the interests of this
paper, the best fruits of his industry and tact being quickly
shown in ils commanding influence and pecuniary returns.
Though a neutral in politics when he assuraed its direction,
this journal soon carried the banner of the rising political

organizalion — the Republican party — and ils trenchant pen
editorial did yeoman service in the memorable Fremont
carapaign. This change from tiraid neutrality lo outspoken
partisanship seeras to have proved advantageous to the pub
lisher of the Reporter, in a different form from that of merely
increasing his subscription list, for in i860 his Republican
friends, then in power, nominated and elected him Clerk
of the Circuit Court aud Recorder. During the four years
he held this office he compiled, wilh much labor and ex
pense, an elaborate set of abstract records of the public
archives of Ogle county, which are still regarded as reliable
authority in Ihe settleraent of all questions of title to real
estate within the county, and are almost universally resorted
to for that purpose. He is still their proprietor. In 1862,
his younger brother having resigned Ihe office of County
Treasurer of Ogle county lo join the Union array, he was
appointed by Ihe County Board to fill the vacancy thus oc
casioned, and for two years discharged that responsible
trust wilh fidelity and satisfaction to Ihe public. Five years
after, following the bent of his inclination, he re-entered the
editorial fraternity, having' repurchased the Reporter (vvhich
in 1859 he had sold), and conducted it during Ihe three fol
lowing years. In 1869 he was elected to the General As
sembly, serving for two years, and taking a lively and active
interest in all the reformatory legislation of the State. In
addition to these public and private interests, he was mo.st
of the time, subsequent to 1861, engaged in a remunerative
real estate business, and in the constant additions to his ab
stract records, vvhich each passing day and week required.
Amid these ra.ultifarious engagements he still found time at
different periods to serve as Justice of the Peace, Township
Treasurer, and lo represent his tovvn as Supervisor in the
County Board. Upon the close of his terra of service in
Ihe General Assembly, he found hiraself to be in failing
health and retired to private Ufe; and though he is still
obliged to refrain from active business, yet his perraanent
recovery is anticipated, and that this wdll bring hira years of
useful labor. During his varied public life he gained the
warm friendship of Ihe leading members of both parties, and
time has only served to cement this fraternal feeling. He
has been an untiring worker, and few men have worked so
neariy up lo the extent of their physical and mental en
durance as he. Though a Republican from conviction, and
for a long series of years a public servant, he is not to be
described as a politician. He is a gentieman of fine social
qualities, thoroughly intelligent, by a comprehensive course
of reading, on all matters of literary and scientific interest,
and possessed with an appreciative taste for rausic, with
which he often beguiles his lei.'ure hours. In his religious
ideas he leans to the side of liberality, and is an ardent
friend and helper in works of charily and temperance.
In 1855 he was married lo Harriet A. Patrick, of Barre,
Massachusetts, a lady of fine artistic taste and culture. She
died in 1S65, leaving an only daughter.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

k'AVIS, PROFESSOR NATHAN SMITH, A. M.,
M. D., was boin, January gth, 1817, in Ihe town
of Greene, Chenango county. New York; and
is the youngest ,of a faraily of seven children,
whose parents were Dow and Eleanor (Sraith)
Davis, respectable agriculturists of that section.
Up to his sixteenth year he Uved on the farm and labored
vvith his father and brothers, obtaining his preliminary
education at the district school during the winter months.
He vvas from childhood of a spare habit, though muscular,
and of an active, nervous temperament. His out-door life
no doubt assisted in developing into healthful vigor that
which, under other circumstances, might have resulted in a
feeble if not delicate conslilution. His studious habits
and thirst for knowledge developed wilh his years; and,
when sixteen years old, he attended a six months' session
at the Cazenovia Seminary, in Madison county. New York,
where he acquired a fair knowdedge of natural philosophy,
chemistry, matheraatics, and a limited acquaintance wilh
Latin. His studies at this tirae were pursued vvith the
determination to fit hiraself for the profession of niedicine,
which he had selected for his life-woik. In April, 1834,
he commenced the study of that science in the office of
Dr. Daniel Clark, of SniithvUle Flats, Chenango county,
New York, boarding wilh the doctor, and doing sorae
work for hira as an equivalent. In October of the sarae
year, he matriculated in the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of the Western District of New York, located al
Fairfield, in Herkimer county, and which was administered
by a most able faculty. At the close of the first lecture
term he entered the office of Dr. Thomas Jackson, then
the leading physician of Binghamton, New York. His
pupilage vvas continued under Ihis last-named preceptor
until he graduated at the close of his third course of lectures
from Ihe college, in January, 1837, and before he had
attained his majority. His thesis vvas on "Aniraal Tem
perature,'' in which he combated the then prevailing doc
trine that the heat of the body was generated by the union
of oxygen and carbon in the lungs. Ils merits caused il to
be selected and read before the faculties and trustees, on
commencement day, as a part of the public exercises. Im
mediately after leaving college, he waa induced to associate
himself in practice with Dr. Daniel Chatfield, of Vienna,
Oneida county, Nevv York, whose failing health led hira to
ask the services of an assistant. The place, however, did
not offer sufficient attractions to a man of his energy,
ability, and ambition; and, at the expiration of four
months, he removed to Binghamton, where he opened an
office. He there speedily won the esteem of Ihe citizens,
and acquired a good practice. The studious habits and
almost unwearying power of application, that characterized
his student days, did not forsake hira when he became en
grossed in the practice of his profession. Practical cheiii-
islry and medical botany particularly engaged his attention
during his early years of practice, but other branches of

Ihe natural sciences were by no means neglected. In
order to perfect himself in anatomy, and to instruct his
students, he attached an upper room to his office, vvhere,
during each winter, he dissected one or Iwo subjects,
vvhich he generally procured himself. At this period he
occasionally, and by special request, deUvered lectures in
the Binghamton Academy, on Physiology and Chemistry.
He has been from the commencement of his professional
studies a raost diligent scholar, taking an active, if not a
leading part in all raeasures that had for their object the
increase of raedical knowledge and the hygienic iraprove
raent of the community in which he resided. He was an
active member of the Lyceum or Debating Society of
Binghamton, both while a student, and during his resi
dence there as a practitioner. To this training he owes
rauch of his readiness in debate. He wrote for the medi
cal journals almost from the dale of his entrance into Ihe
profession, and some of his early contributions were copied
into European journals. Notably this was true of an
article on the "Phy.siology of the Brain," vvhich appeared
in Vol. I. of the "American Journal of Insanity," 1844,
p. 235. Soon after his arrival at Binghamton, he joined
the Broome County Medical Society, and in 1838 vvas
one of the Censors. In 1840 he won the prize offered by
Ihe New York Stale Medical Society (in 1838) for the best
essay on " Diseases of the Spinal Column, their causes,
diagnosis, history, and best raode of treatraent." In 1841
he contributed an article to the " American Journal of
Medical Sciences," describing a case of " Double Hare-lip,"
both fissures extending through the roof of the mouth and
palate. The same year he again received Ihe prize offered
by the New York Stale Medical Society for the best es.say
on the " Discoveries in the Physiology of the Nervous Sys
tem, from the lirae of Sir Charles Bell to that dale." In
1842 he contributed a paper to Ihe same society, entitied
"A brief view of. Dr. Marshall Hall's views in the Excilo-
raotor System of Nerves," for which the thanks of the
society were unaniraously voted. The foUowing year he
contributed a very suggestive paper on the " Epidemic In
fluenza" [la Grippe), as it prevailed al Binghamton, in the
spring of 1 843. He also, about the same time, communi
cated an interesting paper, entitied " Medical and Topo
graphical Sketches of Binghamton and the surrounding
country." Pie vvas Secretary of Ihe County Medical Society
in 1841, 1842, and 1843, and also Librarian; in the last-
named year he was appointed delegate lo the New York
Stale Medical Society from Broome county. In 1844 he
communicated to that body " The Medico-legal testimony
on the trial of Mrs. Turpenning for the raurder of her hus
band, vvith observations on the same." He also served on
several of the leading committees of Ihat society, one of
these being a particularly impoilanl one relative " To vvhat
alterations, if any, are required in Ihe existing laws regu
lating the practice of Physic and Surgery in the Slate."
During this same year he vvas appointed Chairraan of the

'^^;^-

¦y ^^b. Cfl. ph>iad»if^'^'

cyf:^d

O^-^iy-X^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

'03

Committee on Correspondence relative " to Medical Educa
tion and Examination," and made an able report in 1845,
with recommendations for legislation, and these were really
the antecedent measures which led to a call for the
National Convention. He also issued a circular to medical
colleges and societies, for an expression of their judgment
as to the " expediency of separating entirely the business
of teaching from that of licensing to practice in the medi
cal profession." In 1845, ^' """^ meeting of the New York
Slate Medical Society, he offered a resolution which
eventuated the holding of a National Convention of Dele
gates from Medical Societies ancl Colleges in Ihe Uniled
Slates. In Noveraber of Ihe same year, he published an
article outlining Ihe purpose and scope it vvas deemed im
portant Ihat the National Convention (called for May, 1846)
should recognize in its organizalion. He also furnished
information on the subject lo other medical journals that
noticed the call, and conducted an extensive correspond
ence with influential medical gentlemen ill alraost every
Stale in the Union. In the spring of 1846 he published
two articles, entitled "National Medical Convention;"
and also contributed an article entitled " Observations on
an obscure point in Pathology." According to usage he
became, by virtue of attendance, a permanent member of
the State Medical Society in 1846, a position he yet re
tains. The activity of his mind, as well as his interest in
the profession, is shown by his nuraerous and valuable con
tributions to raedical journals and to Ihe transactions of
the State Medical Society. But the conception of, and Ihe
measures he suggested that led to the organization of the
American Medical Association, justly entitle him to the
gratitude of the medical profession of the United Scales.
Since ils eminent usefulness and national character have
becorae established facts, he has been, by his contem
poraries, accorded the honor of originating it through the
New York Stale Medical Society, of which he was so prora
inent a member. It is true, however, Ihat Ihe desirable
ness of some such organization had occurred to other rainds,
and had been discussed in medical faculties and societies,
but had never been given a practical direction until this
movement was inaugurated. The convention which had
met at .Washington, D. C, in 1820, and framed the United
States Pharmacopceia, arranged to hold meetings for its
revision, every ten years, which proved lo be such a success
that it furnished a suggestion lo the profession to hold con
ventions for other desirable purposes. The Medical Society
of Vermont had called a convention of the New England
States, as early as 1827 ; while the Medical College of
Georgia, in 1835, suggested a convention of all Ihe col
leges. Both the Medical Societies of New Hampshire and
Ohio, in 1838, recommended such a convention to be held ;
but the earliest distinct and practical suggestion that a
permanent Nation.al Medical Society, lo raeet yearly,
should be formed, is to be found in a letter, written by
Dr. Davis, at Binghamton, and ciated September 22d,

1845. In his histoiy of Ihe American Medical Association,
Dr. Davis concedes the first distinct suggestion of such an
.organization as belonging to Dr. Ticknor, whose letter on
the subject is dated October 3d, 1845 ; bul the date of Dr.
Davis' letier, as given in the same number of the New
York Journal of Medicine, and which also contains Dr.
Ticknor's letter, leaves the priority of the suggestion with
the former. These facts are so vvell known by the pro
fession, that Dr. Davis is constantly aUuded lo, throughout
the United Slates, as the Father of the American Medical
Association ; and at Ihe meeting of that body, at Detroit, a
medal vvas ordered by the association, bearing his likeness
on one side, and on the reverse the name and date of the
organization, which has been admirably executed al the
Uniled Slates Mint. During the twenty-nine years of tiie
society's existence, it has held twenty-seven meetings, .at
all of which, save three, he has been present and partici
pated in the proceedings, being constantly a raeraber of one
or raore of the important committees of that body, and has
made more reports than any olher member of the associa
tion. His labors in this direction have not prevented him
from presenting valuable papers on a variety of subjects.
The deep and intelligent interest he has ever taken in the
success of the association has been apparent to all of the
profession. No member has ever had so clear a perception
of the purpose, scope, and power of Ihe association, or
that could so quickly comprehend the probable effect of a
proposed measure as he. Therefore, whenever perplexing
questions arose in the nieeting, none were so able to make
plain the duty of the hour, and to suggest the best means
of disposing of thera. He has been honored, by election,
to alraost every position within its gift, and has served
twice as its Presideni, in 1864 ancl 1865. Pie is an ex
ceedingly good debater, a close and logical reasoner,
always self-possessed, wilh aniraalion of voice and raanner,
ihat is particularly magnetic and convincing, and he pos
sesses a farailiarity and knowledge of the medical institu
tions, and the views of the leading medical men of our
country, that is unequalled, certainly not exceUed by any
eminent physicians who have attended the meetings or
taken part in the discussions. From the very first meeting,
he has kept steadily in view the elevation of the standard
of medical education, and has finally convinced the pro
fession and the faculties of sorae influential colleges that
Ihe lecture terra ought to be increased, and the classes
graded according to their period of study and advance
raent. In 1859 he was largely instrumental in organizing
the Chicago Medical CoUege, now Ihe Medical Depart
ment of the Norlhweslern University, on Ihe principle of
graded classes, wdth a six months lecture terra, and a three
years course, prior to graduation. Pie aided it largely wilh
his private means, and secured for it a valuable library.
The same principle was adopted, in 1872, by Harvard
University, and ils general acceptance is but a question of
time. In 1847 he read before the Nevv York Slate Medical

I04

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Society "A few observations on some of the raost coraraon
diseases of the Digestive Organs.'' He also published
"An ess.ay on the PhUosophy of Medicine, and the spirit
in which it should be studied and practised." "Medical
Education and Refarni." In the sarae year he removed
to the city of New York and engaged in general practice.
The following winter, at the soUcitation of the Demon
strator of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, he took
charge of the dissecting rooms, and gave instructions in prac
tical .anatomy ; and at the desire of the faculty, deUvered
a spring course of lectures on " Medical Jurisprudence,"
which gave great satisfaction to the faculty and class.
He also published, in the medical journals, "An essay
on Ihe Nature and CurabUity of Heterologous Tumors."
" Reform in Medical Education." " Remedial value and
proper use of Alcoholic Drinks." "Are Alcoholic Drinks
capable of affording nourishment, etc." " Does the use
of Alcoholic Drinks increase nian's capability for resist
ing cold ? " " Essay on Scariet Fever.'' In 1848 he
commenced editing the Annalist, then in its third vol
ume, in which he continued until his removal to Chicago.
He had been steadily gaining a good practice in Nevv
York city, and by his writings had attracted the atten
tion of the leading medical men of the country. In
July, 1849, he vvas elected lo the Chair of Physiology
and Pathology in Rush Medical College of Chicago, which
he accepted, and reached that city in the following Septem
ber, where he at once entered upon his duties as a teacher.
During the year following he was transferred to the Chair
of the Practice of Medicine, retaining, however, that of
P.alhology. His connection wilh that college continued
about ten years. He has from tirae to lirae received valu
able testiraonials of the regards of the various classes, once
by a present of a valuable microscope. When he first
arrived in Chicago, there was no raedical society, either in
that ciiy or the State. The State Medical Society was
forraed in 1850, and the Chicago Medical Society during
the foUowdng year ; to. the organization of both of which he
contributed largely. These societies still exist, and are
active, useful institutions. He served the State Society for
twelve years as Secretary, and was its President in 1855;
and has contributed one or more papers to its Transactions
slraost every year. To the Medical Society of the city he
has contributed many papers, and been one of the most
constant attendants on its meetings. Hygiene and pre
ventive niedicine have always received great attention from
him. From the lirae of his removal lo Chicago he has
been an alraost constant contributor to the raedical journals,
and for more than twenty years has been the editor of a
nionlhly raedical journal, which has been able and inde
pendent, and of great practical use to the general practitioner.
In 1850 he took an active part in developing a public senti
raent in favor of opening the first public hospital in the city
of Chicago. He delivered a course of six lectures upon
the s.anitary condition of the city, and particularly called

attention to the defective water supjily, furnished at that time
from pumps and wells. The funds accruing frora these
lectures were used in furnishing a part of the old " Lake
House," which was for a time used as a hospital. In the
spring of 1 85 1 the domestic management of the institution
was transferred to the Sisters of Mercy, and has since be
come one of the largest and .most important hospitals in the
county, and of which he is still the senior attending physi
cian. The medical department of the Northwestern JJni-
versity holds its clinics at the Mercy Hospital, which is
furnished with an excellent amphitheatre, and located on
the same square as the college ; both institutions are in a
prosperous condition. Pie is a ready and excellent clinical
lecturer. In his teaching he early gains, and, throughout
the course, retains the attention of the students. Nothing
seems to escape him in the description of a case, and its
treatment. He is punctual in keeping his engagements,
and has wonderful powers of endurance, often giving ten
or twelve lectures each week. He is regular in his habits
and strictly teraperate, and all his exaraples are on the side
of industry, virtue, and strict raorality. He has been a
raember of the Methodist Church since the age of sixteen.
He received the honorary degree of A. M. from the North
western University in 1 87 1. He is a rapid reader and has
a most retentive memory; is eminently a self-educated
man, and, like all such, has great individuality of character.
He was one of the early members of the Chicago Historical
Society, and aided in the founding of the Northwestern
University, the Chicago Academy of Sciences, and of the
Washingtonian Home for the Reform of Inebriates, of
which he is slUl President; and he is withal a most ardent
advocate of temperance. He ia also a member of a number
of societies of a literary and scientific character. He has
had a full and remunerative practice ever since he settled in
Chicago; indeed, his office eveiy forenoon is crowded to
excess wilh patients to such an extent that he is often
unable to see and prescribe for all that are in attendance
when the hour arrives for his out-door practice. He is a
systematic and methodical worker, else he could never
accomplish the labor he has performed for so many years.
The correspondence, which from his position as a teacher,
editor, and an extensive acquaintance, almost necessitates
him to conduct with the profession at a distance, is very
exacting and consumes much time. By the great fire of
1871, all his properly, the accumulation of a laborious life,
was destroyed in a few hours. This loss, with the almost
general ruin which this terrible calamity entailed on the
vast majority of his patients and friends, was a severe trial.
But he has kept steadily on, with full eraployment, now
limited to an office and consulting practice, and is rapidly
retrieving his heavy losses. He resides novv at Evans
ton, a few miles from the city, to which he goes every
evening, returning to his office early in the morning.
Pie still continues the editing of the medical journal
to which he has been so long faithful, and has furnished

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

105

in almost every number an article or resume of the improve-
meiils and advanced views of the leading pracliiioners in
Europe and America. His association wilh the North-
laestern Journal began in 1855. The Medical Examiner
was started by hira in i860, which he still continues. Of
the products of his pen, not already cited, raay be men
tioned, "A Text-Book on Agriculture, designed for study
in Schools." New York, 1840. "Address on Free Medical
Schools," before Rush Medical College, Chicago, 1849-50.
" History of Medical Education and Institutions in the
Uniled Slates," Chicago, 1851. "An Experimental Inquiry
concerning some points in the Functions of Assimilation,
Nutrition, and Animal Heat ; also Analysis of the Blood
ofthe Renal Artery and Vein, and that of the Iliac Arteiy
and Vein of the sarae Aniraal," which he read to the
American Medical Association, in May, 1851. "Valedic
tory Address to the Graduating Class of Rush Medical
CoUege," Chicago, 1853. "A Lecture on the Effects of
Alcoholic Drinks on the Human Systeni, etc.," Chicago,
1855. " History of the American Medical Association,"
Philadelphia, 1855. "Clinical Lectures,'' Chicago, 1873
This work has already passed through a second edition.
pie was raarried, March 5lh, 1838, to Ann Maria, daughter
of the late Hon. John Parker, of Vienna, Oneida county,
Nevv '..^ork. Three children, a daughter and two sons, all
novv living, have resulted frora this union. His eldest son,
Frank H., is a physician in good practice in Chicago.

^IGBEE, HON. CHAUNCY L., Lawyer and
Judge, vvas born in Clermont county, Ohio,
on September 7th, 1821. He emigrated to
IlUnois at an early day, and settled in Pike
county in 1844. Taxiing an active part in
public affairs, he was elected to the Legislature
in 1854, and to the Slate Senate in 1858. In 1861 he
was elected Judge of the Circuit Court in Ihe Fifth
Judicial Circuit — now the Eleventh ; w^as re-elected in
1867, and again in 1873, and still remains on the bench.
pie is regarded as one of the ablest men on the bench in
the State, and is widely known and as widely respected.

;URD, HENRY S., M. D., was born in Litchfield
county, Connecticut, in 1815, being the son of
Thomas and Bessie (Canfield) Plurd. Plis early
education was received at home. .Subsequently
he passed through a comprehensive academical
course, which was most thoroughly conducted,
in an institution in western New York. He early com
menced the study of niedicine, for the practice of which he
developed an early inclination, and after some months of
14

reading entered the Geneva Medical College, from which
he graduated with honor in 1844. After his graduation
he removed to Homer, Michigan, where he entered upon
the active duties of his profession, practising with great
success in this place for eighteen months. He changed his
residence to Union City, Michigan, where he practised for
nine years, and in 1855 moved to Galesburg, Illinois,
where he has resided ever since. His skdl and attention,
which he has always shown in his practice, has not on'y
established a reputation for him as one of the ablest of
physicians, but it has secured lo hira a patronage which has
brought most lucrative returns. Pie is an active and lead
ing member of the State and American Medical Societies,
and has long been identified wdlh the MUitary Tract
Medical Society, of which he was lately elected President.
He has prepared a number of treatises on diseases, which
have received the warra indorseraeni of the profession and
which have been extensively published. In 1848 he was
married to Ellen Hammond, who still lives.

>) ANGLE Y, COLONEL JAMES W., Lawyer, was
born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, January 17th,
1837. His earlier education was acquired in
the neighboring school of his native place, and
subsequently he attended for two terms the
Waterford Academy, in Erie county, Pennsyl
vania. Upon the termination of his allotted course of
studies in that institution, he removed lo Illinois, in 1854,
and engaged in teaching school for a period of two years.
He then, deciding to embrace the legal profession, began
the study of law at Carlinville, reading diligently under
Ihe supervision and able guidance of ex-Governor Palraer,
and, January 8lh, 1859, was adraitted to Ihe bar at Spring
field. In the following March he moved to Champaign,
and there practised succes.sfully until 1862. The country
at this date being convulsed by civil war, he abandoned
his professional calling and entered the service of the
United Stales as Captain in the 125th Illinois Infanliy,
commanding Coinpany H ; subsequentiy, at the lirae of his
retireraent from service, he was Colonel of the sarae
regiraent. In 1865 he returned to his legal practice in
Champaign, and there rapidly secured an extensive
clientage. In 1870 he was nominated on the Republican
ticket as Senator to the Illinois Legislature — Ihe district
then coraprising the counties of Iroquois, Champaign,
Ford, Vermilion, Douglas and Coles — and secured an
election, serving in that body during ore terra wilh energy
and raarked ability. While acting in the latter capacity,
he was appointed to serve on the Coramillees of Judiciary,
Municipal Corporations and Miliiary Affairs, filling in the
latter the position of chairraan. In all m.attei-s relating to
the social and political status of his .Stale and county he
takes a warra and active interest, and has been effectively

io6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

instrumental in contributing to the developraent of its in
dustries and resources. He is a skilful practitioner, and
has ably conducted to a successful issue many cases of con
siderable iraportance; while, as a legislator, he sustained
the interests of his constituents wilh unremitting vigor
and attention. He was raarried, June 4lh, 1861, to
Nettie Young, of Champaign, Illinois.

/T^OWARD, HARTWELL C, M. D., was born
m\[ near Rochester, Monroe county, New York, July
I21h, 1832. His parents were Eleazer Howard
and MatUda (Wood) Howard. While in his
fourteenth year he reraoved to Franklin county.
New York, and there attended three courses at
the Columbus College. Upon the completion of his terra
of study in that institution, he decided lo embrace the
medical profession, and when seventeen years of age com
menced the study of medicine under the supervision and
.able guidance of Professor John Butterfield, one of the
faculty of the Starling Medical College. At the latter insti
tution he matriculated in 1848, graduating therefrora in the
spring of 1851. Subsequently, during the three ensuing
years, he was engaged in the practice of his profession in
the hospitals of Nevv York. In 1854, believing that the
West offered a wider field for the profitable exercise of
skill and industry, he reraoved to Illinois and look up his
residence in McLean county. In 1856 he located himself
in Champaign, where he constructed a large flouring mill,
the first one erected in the town. In 1857, however, he
resumed the practice of the medical profession, and since
that time has been constantly occupied in the skilful fulfil
ment of the duties attached to it. He is a valued member
of the Central Illinois Medical Society, and has repeatedly
been appointed a delegate from that body to the State
Medical Society of Illinois. He vvas married, in 1856, lo
M. E. Monroe, a former resident of Rochester, New York.

[OMROY, CALEB M., President of the First
National Bank, Quincy, Illinois, was born in
Salem, Massachusetts, August Sth, 1810. Plis
parents vvere Henry Pomroy and Fannie (Mayo)
Poraroy. Plis eariier education was acquired in
the schools of his natiye place. Subsequently he
was apprenticed lo learn the trade of blacksmith, at which
he worked constantly for a period of about seven years.
In 1831 he travelled westward and engaged in boating
frora Cincinnati to New Orieans, continuing thus occupied
for several years. In 1837 he moved to Illinois, jind
located himself in Quincy, vvhere he established hiraself in
the pork-packing business, which he pursued during the

ensuing quarter of a century. He was among the pioneers
in that particular line of business in Quincy, and ultimately
the firm of C. M. Pomroy & Co. attained a widespread and
favorable repulalion. In 1858 he became identified wdlh
various banking interests of a nature more or less impor
tant ; was chosen a director in the Quincy Savings Bank,
and in 1864 was elected the President of that institution.
In the same year the First National Bank was founded
and organized, and he was selected lo fill its Presidency.
He is also a director in the Quincy, Mississippi & Pacific
Railroad ; director and Treasurer of the Quincy Gas Com
pany and director in the Knox College, located at Gales
burg. Also during three years he held the office of
Treasurer for Adams county, fulfilling the duties of that
trust wilh scrupulous care and marked ability. For four
years he vvas a prominent director in the Shurlleff College,
located at Alton, Illinois. In all matters relating lo the
advancement, social and political, of his adopted State and
county, he is an active and efficient worker, and has
materially aided in the prorapt development of Iheir
natural and artificial resources. He was married, in 1834,
to Nancy Simpson, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

GOT, HENRY, President of the Union Bank, of
Quincy, Illinois, w-s born in Canada, June 4lh,
1813. His parents were Henry Root and Mary
(Overboil) Root. His earlier and elemenlaiy
education was acquired in the educational estab
lishments of his native place. In 1836, believing
that in western America lay a wider field for the profitable
exercise of energy and industry, he located himself in St.
Louis, where, however, he remained for but a brief period.
In 1840 he moved to Quincy, IlUnois, and there became
engaged in mercantile pursuits, which occupied his entire
tirae and attention during the ensuing twenty-five years.
From those pursuits he withdrew himself in 1865, and in
1869 became one of the organizers of the Union Bank of
Quincy, an institution whose Presidency has been filled by
him since ils org.anization. Since his retirement from
mercantile business, also, he has been prorainently identified
wilh Ihe development of railroad coraraunications, and has
aided effectively in assuring lo Quincy the varied benefits
arising from the existence of a well-controlled railway
system. During the past two and a-half years he has been
President of the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad, and
while acting in that capacity has evinced the possession of
financial and administrative abilities of a high order, A
man of large public spirit, he raanifests a deep ancl active
interest in all local raovements, and he is in no small
measure one of Ihe prirae causes of Quincy's present pros-
])erily. Pie was married, in 1844, lo Sarah Ann Miller, of
Quincy, who died, June 22d, 1875.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

107

JUNKLE, CORNELIUS, Banker, was born in
Albany county. New York, in 1810, being the
son of John Runkle, a well-known and highly
esteemed citizen of that section. Pie was reared
on a farm, and was educated in the public
schools of that section, materially improving his
education by persistent study. In 1834 he removed to
KnoxviUe, Illinois, where hc embarked in a mercantile
enterprise which claimed his close attention until 1857.
His fine business tact and prudent raanagement of his
business affairs secured for him ample means, vvhich, by
judicious investment, became the foundation of a fortune.
In 1857 he established die banking house of C. Runkle &
Co., which w^as profitably and honor.ably conducted until
1845, when it was merged into the First National Bank,
of Knoxville. He became President of this instilulion, and
under his careful adriiinislralion it has transacted a very
large and fiourishing business ancl has acquired a high
reputation for its thorough financial solidity, p'or the past
sixteen years he has been the City Treasurer of Knoxville,
and has conducted the fiscal affairs of Ihat city lo the
fullest satisfaction of its people. He was for one term
Sheriff of the county. He is one of the oldest settlers in
Knoxville, and has always enjoyed the unbounded respect
of the community in vvhich he resides.

; ERIi^OOT, WILLIAM DALE, Dealer in Real Es
tate, was born April i6th, 18; 7, in Lancaster,
Pennsylvania. His falher was Dr. George B. Ker
foot, physician in Lancaster. He attended the
public schools of Lancaster until the death of his
father, in 1852, when he went to St. James' Col
lege, Hagerstown, Maryland, where he remained for two
years. In 1854 he left and went to Chicago and entered
the real estate office of Jaraes II. Rees. While here he
saved part of his salary and speculated in real estate. In
1S58 he returned to St. James' College, paying his ovvn
way with vvhat he had earned. He remained there until
1S61 and graduated, when hc returned lo Chicago and took
charge of the real estate interests of Thomas B. Bryan;
continuing with hira until 1S62. He then opened a real
estate office at 8g Washington street. He was raarried.
May 30lh, 1865, in Covington, Kentucky, lo Susan B.
Mooklar of that place. Up to Ihe time of the great fire of
October gth, 1S71, his business had steadily increased;
everyihing promised vvell. But in Ihat dire disaster both
his home and his place of business vvere swept away. It
was he who, on the morning after the fire, reared the first
sign-board upon all the broad acres of smoking ruins,
planting it upon the site of his old office, inscribed with
those novv faraous vvords : " W. D. Kerfoot ii at 59 Union
Park place. AU gone but wdfe, children, and energy."
In the general confusion hc had hunted up his book-keeper

and directed hira to paint a sign for the old place; and
when asked what he would have put upon it, he answered
in the actual inspiration of the raoraent, in those memorable
words, characteristic alike of the man and the city of his
ad'oplion. The next day afterwiird he erecled, on the same
spot, a small pine shanty — the first building of any kind
put up on the burnt district. He sent lo outside friends, lo
whom he had given raaps of the city and ils subdivisions,
requesting their return, and soon had sorae at least of Ihe
regular appurtenances of a real estate office. He found
himself the centre of travel and reference, cards were stuck
upon his shed stating vvhere parties could be found. Vis
itors began to call, and stages began running to the sarae
point. People thought hira crazy lo think of dealing in
real estate then ; but he had not long to wait before specu
lators and purchasers in this line came in from various
quarters. One old capitalist came along that way and said
sadly: "You are young, you may rebuild, but I never
shall." That same man has already built one of the city's
finest business structures. Mr. Kerfoot's business has
steadily increased, and is already one of the largest of ils
kind in the city. Pie handles, perhaps, more properly for
non-residents Ihan any real estate house in the city. He
has since taken into partnership his brother, Charles D.
Kerfoot, and W. D. Merigold, the young man who painted
the sign after the fire. The sign itself is handsomely
framed, and stands upon the mantel-piece in his elegantly
rebuilt house — a raeraento for future generations.

IDWAY, LEVERETT BARKER, Banker, was
born in Jersey county, Illinois, near Alton, Feb
ruary I4tb, 1832. His falher, George D. Sidway,
was a tanner. His raother was Emeline Doug
las Sidway, a cousin of .Stephen A. Douglas.
His parents were Methodists, and their home was
a regular stopping-place for leading itinerant Methodist
clergymen ; such men as Peter Akers, Peter Cartwright,
Bi^hop Ames and Bi.-.hop Jayne, and many other prominent
Methodist preachers of those tiraes were their frequent
guests. At five years of age Leverett B. began attending
school at the Olio Creek Seminary in Jersey county, the
first brick or stone school edifice ever constructed in Illi
nois. Il vvas built from a fund left by his uncle. Dr. Silas
Hamilton, for that purpose, and which also made it a free
school. He continued his studies here until 1847. His
father then removed the family to Alton, where he engaged
in the saddlery and leather business. The son attended a
private school in Alton, and finished his education at the
well-known Jones .School of Sl. Louis. During his youth
he was much of the lime engaged about his father's store,
and assisting in his business. In December, 1854, he
formed a partnership vvith W, PI. Turner, under the firni-
narae of Turner & Sidway, in the saddlery and leather

io8

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

business in Alton. In February, 1855, he was married to
Louise, eldest daughter of Judge WiUiam Martin, of Alton.
By the most strenuous eflbrts the young firra passed through
the panic of 1857 wdlhout being compeUed lo a.sk exten
sions from their creditors, and in 1858 they moved to
Chicago, where they opened in the same business, but very
much reduced in capilal. In Ihe spring of 1861 the break
ing out of the civil war was followed by an almost utter
prostration of all business, except such as was connected
with furnishing army supplies, to which business the firm
of Turner & Sidway turned their attention. The first order
they received was for the horse equipments for Captain
Shaumberg's Chicago Cavaliy Company, which was exe
cuted to Ihe satisfaction of the State authorities, and w.as
followed by other and larger orders frora the Slates of Illi
nois and Iowa and Ihe general governmeni, until, within
ninety days from the time of beginning on their first order,
over 500 men were at work in their factories, turning out
regulariy 100 sets of horse equipments each day, besides
considerable quantities of infantry accoutrements. During
the year 1861 they manufactured and delivered goods
amounting to about ^700,000, wdlhout in a single instance
having a package rejected, an invoice cut down a single
penny, or any of their transactions having to be brought
before an investigating coraraittee. In 1863 they sent an
old claim to Washington of about ji3000. o" which they
had not been able to get a voucher on account of the dealh
of the quarterraaster who bought the goods, and sorae olher
complications. On its being brought before Judge Holt for
examination and approval or rejection, he said, " This is a
very irregular claim, but the record of the firm is so good
that I shall order it p.aid." Although their capilal vvas
very sraall when they began lo take governraent orders,
their success in going through the panic of 1857 had given
thera an almost unliiniled credit, which proved sufficient
for all their business requirements, enabling them to hold
their own vouchers until paid, and thereby avoid the shaves
to which the raajority of contractors vvere subjected. In
1863 Mr. Sidway becarae connected wdlh and an active
raanager of the Stiate Savings Institution. In 1865 he
established the Union Hide & Leather Company of Chi
cago, of which he vvas Ihe principal raanager until July,
1872, vvhen he sold out his interest and retired entirely
frora the leather business. After the great fire of 1871 the
St.ate Savings Institution was reopened at his residence, al
589 Wabash avenue, and he took general control of its
business. In Deceraber of that year it was raoved to its
new quarters in the rebuilt business district. In J.anuary,
1873, he sold out his interest in Ihis institution, wilh Ihe in
tention of starting a new bank, on a somewhat different
principle, .and wilh a large cash capital. In M.ay, 1873, he
and PI. G. Powers, in connection wilh several olher promi
nent gentlemen, began the organizalion of the Illinois
Trust and Savings Bank, vvhich commenced business in
July of that year, wilh a paid up cash capital of half a mil

lion doUars ; Mr. Sidway occupying the position of Presi-
dent, and Mr. Powers that of Vice-President; each, how
ever, assuming about an equal share in ils management.
Since this period both of these gentlemen, with the full
approbation of their stockholders and directors, have been
active in efforts lo induce Ihe Legislature of Illinois to pass
a lavv requiring from all the State banks quarterly reports
of their condition, and frequent unannounced examinations
of their assets by the State Auditor; believing that there
could be no sound savings bank system except it was under
the general control of the Slate authorities, and that pub
licity of their affairs and manner of doing business was the
greatest safeguard that could be given lo the public. Their
ideas on that subject vvere very clearly sel forth in a letier
addressed lo Hon. George M. Bogue, member of the Illi
nois Legislature, January 23d, 1875. Mr. Sidway is a
member of the South Park Commission, being one of the
original appointees, and since reappointed by the circuit
judges. In this connection he originated the feature of a
botanical garden, which has been begun under the most
favorable auspices and with every prospect of the most
coraplete success. From the first he has had charge of the
horticultural department. For over twenty years he has
owned and kept up an extensive fruit farm near Alton,
which includes the largest pear orchard in the State. Mr.
Sidway has, by his integrity and abiUty, and constant atten
tion to the interests in his charge, acquired an enviable
reputation.

ISBEE, LEWIS H., Lawyer, vvas born in Derby,
Orleans county, Vermont, March 28th, 1839.
His father was engaged in agricultural pursuils.
Plis preliminary education was acquired in the
public schools of his native town, whose sessions
he attended during Ihe intervals of freedom from
farm labor. Upon att.aining his fifteenth year he engaged
in teaching school, assisting meanwhile on the paternal
farra, and pursued a course of studies in the higher branches
at the Derby Acaderay. Finally, after preparing hiraself to
enter an .advanced class in the St. Hyacinth College, situ
ated near Montreal, Canada, he became a student in that
institution, and thence graduated with the class of i860,
being then twenty-one years of age. His education vvas
conducted in the French language, which circumstance has
since been instrumental in aiding him to mount to his
present high position. ITe has conducted various cases
raanaged in that language, and, as a French scholar, is not
surpassed in the city. At the corapletion of his collegiate
course he decided lo erabrace the legal profession, andread
law with I. L. Edwards, Esq., a prorainent practitioner of
Dertiy, Vermont. On the loth of June, 1862, he was ad-
milted to the bar. At the same date, the rebeUion then
growdng to ominous proportions, he enlisted as a private in
the gth Regiraent of Vermont Infantry. Serving with this

lUOCiRAHHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

log

body, and cheerfully sharing in all the hardships through
which it passed, he rose step by step through all the non
commissioned grades, and ultimately received his corarais
sion as Captain of Company H of the gth Regiraent Ver
mont Infantry. He wa; an active participant, wilh his
company, in the engagements at Antietara, Gettysburg, and
in all the principal battles fought by the Army of the Poto
raac during the eventful years of 1062 and 1863. In the
course of the former year he was captured at Plarper's
Ferry, was released on parole, and remained at Camp
Douglas until exchanged ; subsequently, he remained with
his" regiment until 1864, when his resignation, tendered on
account of disability from siclcness and wounds received in
battie, was accepted. In the fall of i354he coramenced
the practice of law at Njwport, Verraont, and at once
secured an extensive practice. I.i i3jj he was elected
Stale Attorney for Orleans county, and vvas re-elected in
1867; but in the following fall resigned in order lo accept
the position of Deputy Collector of Customs, which office
he filled until 1869. In the latter year he w.as elected to
the Legislature, and in 1871 secured a re-cleciion. During
the course of the sessions of thai body he niainlained a
prominent and leading position, and was constantly assigned
to act on the more important committees — the Judiciary,
Committee on Railroads, etc. In April, 1871, he removed
to Chicago, and there entered on the practice of lavv as
senior meraber of the law firm of Bisbee & M.arsh, remain
ing in this connection until January Ist, 1S72, at which
date he became a member of the law firm of Monroe, Bis
bee &v Gibbs, SliU existing. The practice of this firm is
very extensive, particularly in the real estate and chancery
business. In th.at connection he acts in the capacity of
jury lawyer, and is eminently successful in all his efforts.
His raanagement of Ihe Sturgess case, in December, 1874,
was highly coraraended by Ihe bar in general. The firm
also are attorneys for the United Slates Government for the
Northwest on the "Alabama" claim cases. From iS65 lo
1870 he was Uniled States Commissioner frora Newport,
under Ihe Extradition Treaty. He is an ardent supporter
of the Republican party, and, both in the East and We.st,
has delivered many able and brilliant speeches in the de
fence of its principles and policy. Pie was raarried, in
1864, to Jane E. Hinraan, of Derby, Verraont.

URINTON, GEORGE, Lawyer and Judge, son
of Robert and Betsy Hall Purinlon, was born in
Curaberland county, Maine, November 30lh,
1809. He was raised on the homestead farm
till sixteen years old, during vvhich period he
attended the winter school from six weeks to two
raonlhs yearly. At the age of sixteen he was sent by his
father to a private academy fir six weeks, after which he
worked his way along, supporting himself by teaching

school, till he entered Bowdoin CoUege, Brunswick, Maine,
in 1831, and graduated in 1835. In 1836 he entered as
law student in the office of John Neal, lawyer, novelist, and
poet, in the city of Portland. In the fall of 1837 he emi
grated lo Baltiraore, Maryland, where he was engaged as
Professor in Baltimore College for a few months. Listen
ing to the glowing accounts of the western prairies, the
emigrating fever seized hira. Congress was in session.
Colonel Robinson was then United States Senator for the
Slate of Illinois. The colonel furnished hira wilh letters
of introduction lo Judge Wilson and others. Judge Wilson
was Chief-Juslice of the Suprerae Court of Illinois, and
wilh hira he continued his lavv studies in 1838. That year
he vvas admitted lo practise law in all the courls of the
State, and he opened a lavv office at Freeport in 1840. He
was elected Secretary to the Council of Revision, coraposed
of the Governor and Judges of the Suprerae Court, for the
approval of the laws of the session of 1842 and 1843. In
1848 he vvas e'lected for four years Judge of the County
Court of Stephenson county, having probate jurisdiction,
and vvas Presiding Judge of the County Coraraissioner's
Court. After the expiration of his terra of office he retired
lo private Ufe, yet has often been elected to Ihe office of
Justice of the Peace, which office he now holds.

ILDER, ROSWELL, one of the pioneers of
Aurora, was born in New Fane, Windham
county, Vermont, July 2d, 1784. He was the
son of Joel Wilder and Lydia Morse, and comes
from the old Puritan stock of New England.
His father was a soldier during the Revolution-
resulting in American independence, and was
once taken prisoner and kept for a long time on the British
prison ships in Wallabout bay in New York harbor. Ros-
well's early life was spent vvith his parents in farm labor.
His education vvas obtained in the district schools of that
time, whose advantages were meagre at best. In March,
1810, he was married lo SaUy Belknap, of Lynn, Massa
chusetts. He served his country as a soldier during the
war with England of 1812, and was al the battle of Sack-
ell's Harbor. He was engaged in husbandry and clearing
his farm, in St. Lawrence county. New York, of the forest
growths up to 1830, when he reraoved to Antwerp, Jeffer
son county. New York, and kept a hotel Ihere for a number
of years. From Antwerp he reraoved to Brockville, Can
ada, where he vvas engaged in the business of hotel keeping
until 1838, vvhen he reraoved to Aurora, Illinois, and
opened a hotel vvhich was one of the early landmarks
of the country. The " Wilder House " vvas known far
and wide in Ihose early days, and was famed for its excel
lence and the generous dispensation of a lavish hospitality.
Probably no man in the Northwest was better known in his
tirae than Roswell Wilder, and numerous persons now

ary war.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

living can testify to his kindliness of heart and generosity
in those early tiraes, vvhen hospitality raeant something
more than words. He purchased quite a large tract of land
adjoining the town, and laid out what is known as " Wilder's
Addition lo West Aurora ; " and there are numerous other
landmarks in that locality that testify to his enterprise in
public affairs in those primitive days. He died on June
22d, i860, aged seventy-six years.

• HELDON, JAIRUS C, Lawyer, Senator from the
Thirtieth District of Illinois, was born in Lan
caster, Erie county. New York, Noveraber 2d,
1827, at which date the locality vvas known as
Clarence. His father, Croydon Sheldon, a car
penter, died at an early age; his mother was
Eunice (Brown) Sheldon, a' native of Vermont, who subse
quently became the wife of Hiram W. Cunningham. In
1833 young Sheldon removed wilh the famUy to Clarks
field, Huron county, Ohio, where, in the public schools of
the vicinity, he acquired the comraon rudiments of learning.
After being employed in assisting in the work of clearing
up the home farra untU he had attained his eighteenth
year, he found further employment in various ship-yards
and on the craft frequenting the waters of Lake Erie. In
the winter of 1849, resolving to acquire a raore thorough
education, he entered upon a one year's course of study in
the Baldwin Institute, located at Berea, Ohio. At the ex
piration of that term he left the college, and, for a short
period, was engaged in teaching school, assiduously per
fecting in the raeantirae his own acquirements. In iSIay,
1853, he reraoved to Urbana, Illinois, and was there em
ployed in Ihe construction of the Illinois Central Railroad,
then being built; acting temporarily with the Engineer
Corps, and afterward as assistant in land surveying for the
same road. In the spring of 1856, resolving to embrace
the legal profession, he entered Ihe law office of Colonel
W. N. Coler, an able practitioner of Urbana, and, upon
completing Ihe requisite studies, was adrailted to the bar in
the following Noveraber ; araong his exarainers was Abra
ham Lincoln. Entering at once upon the practice of law,
he reniained occupied with his professional duties until
1867, at which date he turned his attention exclusively to
real estate raatters until the fall of 1870. In that year he
was elected to the Legislature (Twenty-seventh Assembly)
on the Republican ticket, and served a term of two years.
He was a raeraber of ihe Committee of Slate Inslilulions
and Education, and was instrumental, wilh others, in
securing a large appropriation lo the State Industrial Uni
versity, located al Urbana, in the eastern part of the State.
In the fall of 1872 he was elected to the Senate from Ihe
Thirtieth District (four years' term). During the first
session he served in this body on the Coramittee of Slate
Institutions, and also on the Committee of Appropriations ;

was successful in his well-directed efforts in procuring an'
additional appropriation to Ihe State Industri.al University,
thus enabling the trustees lo complete the construction of
their buildings, which are the most extensive of any in ihe
Western States ; and took a prominent part in all that con
cerned the interests of his constituents. During the second
Senatorial session he was again appointed on the Committee
of Slate Institutions, and also on the Committee of Reve
nue. It was during these two sessions that an entire revision
of Ihe Stale statutes vvas made, sorae of the especial provis
ions of which he is the originator. He was raarried in
Septeraber, 1854, to Eunice Mead, then a resident 'of
Clarksfield, Ohio. Pie is an able and talented lawyer, and
a skilful political tactician, while his record, both in public
and private life, is wholly honorable, and every way worthy
of a liberal Christian gentleraan.

EBBER, THOMAS R., was born in Shelby county,
Kentucky, in October, 1807. His father was
engaged in farraing and agricultural pursuits.
While in his boyhood, the educational facilities
of which he was able to avail hiraself were few
in number, and meagre in quality ; but, letting
pass no opportunity to instruct himself, and accomplishing
much profitable study during his leisure hours, and after
the fulfilment of his duties on the farm, he managed lo
acquire a fair knowledge of the eleraentary branches.
When in his seventeenth year he coraraenced to teach
school, and continued at that avocation during the eight
ensuing years. Moving subsequently to Charapaign county,
then part of Vermilion county, he estiiblished hiraself in
Urbana, in 1832. That locality he had destined to be the
scene of further professional labors in the school-room, but
the population of the time and place was so meagre that he
vvas corapelled lo abandon his intentions; within a short
period after taking up his residence there, however, he was
chosen Constable for the section of the county then known
as Vermilion. In May, 1833, the new county of Cham
paign vvas created, and he was chosen lo occupy the position
of County Clerk, an office which he held for twenty years.
In Ihe same year he vvas appointed Clerk of the Circuit
Court, performing with ability the functions attached lo
that position until 1857; simultaneously he acted as Re
corder of Deeds, and also .as Postmaster of Urbana, retain
ing control of the latter office for fifteen years. He was
also Master in Chancery from the time of the creation of
Ihat office up to 1874. In fact, during a protracted period
of time, he held almost every public office and position
existing in this section of Champaign county, and, from the
coinmencement of his public and official career lo its final
termination, his inflexible rectitude and sterling abilities
left no room for blame or cavil. In 1847 he represented
his district in the Constitutional Convention of the Stale,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and again in a sirailar convention in 1862. He was the
pioneer raerchant in the region now so prosperous — 1834 to
1837 — and, by his shrewdness and vigor, assisted materially
in impelling the county toward the stale of thriving develop
ment il occupies at present. His first wife, Martha Thomp
son, of Kentucky, died in that State in 1837 ; his second
wife was Anna B. Carson, to whom he was married in .1838,
and who is still living.

OMERS, WINSTON, M. D., was born in 1800,
in Surrey county, North Carolina, being the son
of Waitman T. Somers and Nancy Smallwood.
He vvas educated in ihe comraon schools of his
section, and made the utmost of the advantages
afforded him for acquiring a substantial knowl
edge of Ihe more important sciences. Having early evinced
a strong incUnation for a professional career he commenced
in 1833 the study of niedicine with Dr. Martin, at Rock
ford, Surrey county. North Carolina, and remained with
this preceptor until 1835, vvhen, having thoroughly qualified
himself for it, he entered upon the practice of medicine at
that place, and continued it wilh great success until 1842.
In this year he resolved upon locating in the West, and
soon after settled at Urbana, Illinois, where he resumed his
professional duties, acquiring not only a fine reputation for
his efficiency as a physician, but a veiy large and influential
patronage, which realized for him a handsome competence.
In i860 he entered upon a final course of study at Rush
Medical CoUege, of Chicago, from which institution he
graduated wilh distinction, and received his degree. A
iiatur.al talent for this profession, aided by industry, and
governed by deliberation, together with a rare capacity for
correctly diagnosing the various diseases he vvas summoned
to eradicate, soon brought him lo a leading position as a
medical practitioner. During the war he acted as Surgeon
to the Board of Enrolment of the Seventh Illinois Con
gressional District, and his report on the result ofhis labors
as an examining physician received a "high corapliraent
from the Surgeon-General of the United Stales Array, at
whose request it had been prepared. In 1828 he was
married to Mary G. Haines, of North Carolina. He died
in August, 1872.

[ILSON, ISAAC T., M. D., was horn in Bourbon
county, Kentucky, March 24lh, 1S27. His par
ents were Thornton I, Wilson and Maria (Ken
drick) Wilson, His earliereducationwas acquired
in the neighboring schools of his native place,
whence he reraoved to Boone county, in the sarae
State, and there pursued a course of acaderaical studies.
In 1845, under the able instruction of Dr. Thoraas J.
Trundle, he comraenced the study of medicine. In 1847
he became the recipient of a course at the Louisville Medi

cal CoUege, then the scene of labor also of Ihe well-known
Professor Gross. In 1848 he was licensed to practice by
the aforesaid college, and removed lo Illinois, locating him
self in Adaras county, where he was professionally occupied
during the two ensuing years. He then returned lo the
East, and took up his residence temporarily in Nevv York
city, where, in 1850, he graduated from the New York
University. Returning subsequently to lUinois he estab
lished hiraself in Quincy, where he has since permanently
resided, possessing an extensive and reraunerative practice,
and also the esteem and confidence of the general com
munity. At the outbreak of the Southern rebellion, in
1861, he vvas appointed by the Surgeon-General of the
United States to the position of Camp Surgeon for the
Camp of Instruction, which vvas located at Quincy. He
was thus employed throughout the war, a period of five
years, and fulfilled ably and efficiently the numerous and
onerous duties dependent on his office. At the present
time he is a valued and an energetic raeniber of the Quincy
Board of Health, and of Ihe Board of Pension Surgeons ;
he is a member al.so ofthe Adaras County Medical Society,
and has many tinies been appointed to an official position
in that body. He is an active coadjutor of the Slate Medi
cal Society, and upon one occasion was appointed a dele-
gale from this organization to the American Medical
Association. Possessed of a high order of innate talent,
his natural abilities have been thoroughly developed by an
efficient course of training in early life, and subsequent
assiduous study and research ; and, owing to his extended
reputation as a careful and trustworthy practitioner, he has
often been called beyond the usual rounds of his practice to
attend to various cases of a peculiar or an aggravated nature.
He was married, in 1865, to Laura Vanhorn, a former
resident of Missouri.

¦^ ERVEY, ROBERT, Lawyer, was born in Glasgow,
Scotland, August loth, 1820, his falher, Alexan
der, being a West India raerchant and the owner
of a plantation in Trinidad. In his youth he at
tended the preparatory gramraar schools, and
subsequentiy entered the Glasgow University,
from which .he graduated in 1837. Within a short period
after this event he removed to Canada, and began the study
of law with Hon. Plenry Sherwood, Attorney-General of
Canada. He was admitted to the bar in 1842, and at once
comraenced practice in Bytown, which now, under the title
of Ottawa, is the seal of Canadian government. His tho
rough famUiarity with the science of law, obtained by ear
nest and well-conducted stud; not only prior to but after his
adraission, and his .conscientious devotion to the interests of
his clients, soon won for hira a very extensive and remu
nerative practice in the city and ils vicinity. In 1852, at
the urgent solicitation of an uncle vvho had long been a resi
dent of Illinois, he removed to Chicago. Here he became

II2

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

a raember of the law firm of Morris, Hervey & Clarkson,
the copartnership existing until the elevation of the senior
member, Buckner S. Morris, to the bench. He then con
tinued with Mr. Clarkson until 1857, and very shortly after
became a raeraber of the firm of Hervey & Anthony. In
i860 Mr. Gait was admitted, and Ihe copartnership ofthese
three gentiemen continues to this day. It is the oldest un
changed firm in Chicago, enjoying a very large and profit
able practice in all the courts. State and national, and giving
attention to all branches of the profession, whether relating
to admiralty, chancery, comraon law, criminal law, bank
ruptcy, or the rights and liabilities of railroads, insurance
companies, and kindred corporations. Mr. Hervey has
been retained in many of tire most important civil and
crirainal cases which have for some years clairaed the at
tention of the Chicago courts. He assisted in the defence
of the nineteen aldermen who were prosecuted for bribery,
all of whom were acquitted except one ; and though fre
quently retained for the defence in a number of capital
cases, in no instance has one of his clients suffered Ihe ex
treme penally of the Law. His firra were attorneys for the
complaining stockholders of the Galena Railroad Company,
and succeeded in preventing its consolidation wdth the
Northwestern Railroad Company until their clients, who
demurred'to the project, were paid the face value of their
shares. He was retained by the Slate in the celebrated
Hoops murder case. He is a prominent member and one
of the originators of the Chicago Law Association, is Presi
dent of the Sl. Andrews Society, to which office he has
been six times elected, and is Chief ofthe Caledonian Club.
He stands high in the profession, and is wiihout reproach
as a citizen. He is a gentleman of classical taste, and finds
time, despite the press of legal business, to pursue his liter
ary studies, frequently giving Ihe public the benefits of his
researches in the shape of lectures. Two of these, on the
lives and works of Burns and Scott, he has been often called
to repeat. He was married in 1843, wdiile a resident of
Canada, to Maria Jones, daughter of Dunham Jones, Col
lector of the Port of Maitland. She died in Chicago,
leaving three children, a daughter and two .sons, who reside
in Canada, where the latler are engaged in business. In
1861 he was married to Frances W. Sraith, who is stiU living.

j|YAS, WILLIAM GODFREY, F. R. G. S., was
born in Dublin, November 4lh, 1807. Plis falher
was William Dyas, of Castie St. Dublin. The
Dyas faraUy is purely of Spanish origin, .and one
vvhich took high rank among the noblesse of
Spain, having held ducal rank in Ihe north ofthal
country, in Burgos, Castile, ils forraer residence. In eariy
tinies, owing to their .adherence to the Albigensian faith, the
raerabers of this faraily became subjects of persecution by
the Romish Church, and were ultimately compelled to flee

their country. Landing in England, they received the pro
tection of Elizabeth, then the reigning sovereign. Edward
Dyas, the head of the family, subsequently entered the army
of the Commonwealth- under Cromwell, then fighting in
Ireland. For his valiant services performed there, he be
came the recipient of various grants in Ireland, and also in
l6go, for iheir efficient services at the battle of the Boyne,
further grants were conferred upon the Dyas family. By .
these means the exiles became possessed of valuable prop
erties and estates located in the counties of Mealh and
Cavan. William Godfrey is the fifth reraove from Edward
Dyas, and when in his sixteenth year entered Trinity College,
Dublin. From thence he was transferred to the Royal
College of Surgeons, where he graduated in 1830. In 1832
he received an appointment to the Cholera Hospital, County
Kildare, which was under the supervision of the govern
ment. This position he retained during the epidemic of
that year and until the closing of the hospital, when he was
placed in charge of a fever hospital, and also three dispen
saries, all of which were similarly under government con
trol. In this varied and extensive field of practice he
labored assiduously for a period of twenty-five years, when,
on the approach of the memorable potato faraine and ils
final consequence, the entire prostration of all activity, he
returned to Dublin, and was appointed Assistant Demon
strator of Anatoray at Trinity, his Alma Mater, acting under
the celebrated Professor Harrison of the University. His
extended practice in Ireland and his position in the Dublin
University brought him into contact with raany of the lead
ing scientists, surgeons, and physicians of the old country,
and through this association he reaped immeasurable bene
fit and the valuable fruits of experience. At the expiration
of a year passed in the University, he came lo Araerica in
1856, and immediately on his arrival in this country became
connected wdth the medical journals, to vvhich he afterward
contributed many articles of acknowledged merit. In July,
i85g, he came lo Chicago and for a few months acted as
Editor of the Chicago Medical Jourtial, under the late Dr.
Brainerd ; ultimately, however, he was drawn into active
practice, and since has been continuously occupied in at
tending to the manifold duties attached to a large and ever-
increasing circle of patients. He was one of the prime
movers in the establishraent and organization of the
Women's Medical College of Chicago, and is to-day Presi
dent of that admirable institution, a position to which he
was elected in 1873. In 'iie Women's College he occupies
the Chair of Theory and Practice of Medicine. He is also
Consulting Physician of the Women's and Children's Hos
pital and Consulting Surgeon to the Cook County Hospital,
both of vvhich positions were tendered hira by his apprecia
tive brelhren in the profession. As yet he has published no
volume of medical works, although, in addition lo less im
portant essays, he had been during several years carefully
preparing a collection of valuable facts and appropriate
matter, vvhich unfortunately was destroyed by fire, together

^-^¦y Pnb. a. FUI^'P'^'*'

Cx^^

/3 iS.

V

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

"3

with a choice library of medical and olher works. He was
married in October, 1830, to Georgiana Keating, daughter
of Rev. George Keating, vicar of Mostrim county, Long
ford, Ireland, and again in October, 1861, to Miranda Sher
wood, daughter ofthe late David Sherwood, of Bridgeport,
Connecticut. His eldest son, George Keating Dyas, is a
favorably known physician, practising at present in Chicago.
Pie has two sons also vvho are members of the bar, one of
whom is a resident practitioner of Chicago, the olher of
Paris, Illinois.

'OOK, HON. BURTON C, General Solicitor of
the Northwestern Railroad, was born in Monroe
county, Nevv York, May nth, i8ig. He re
ceived his principal education at the Collegiate
Institute of Rochester, New York. In 1835 he
reraoved to Illinois and entered the practice of
law. In 1840 he settled in Ollawa, Illinois, where during
his long residence he won a high reputation in his profes
sion and the general esteem of the citizens. Frora 1846 to
1852 he was Slate's Attorney for the Ninth Judicial Dis
trict. In the latter year he was elected to the Senate of Il
linois, vvas a member of that body for eight successive years,
and took a very active part in its doings. He early became
identified wdlh the anti-slavery movement, and dealt heavy
blows against the institution. The repeal of the Missouri
Compromise drove hira, in coraraon with Norman B. Judd
and many others, out of the ranks of the Democratic parly.
He was at that time in the State Senate, and wilh others he
united with the Whigs under Lincoln, and succeeded in
sending Lyman TrurabuU to the United States Senate. Pie
represented Illinois in the Peace Conference held in Wash
ington in February, 1861. In this convention he strenu
ously opposed the recognition of slavery or protection of it
by the nation.il government in the Territories; and in con
nection with ex-Governor Wood of Illinois, caused his pro
test to be entered on the journal against the vole of the
majority of the delegates from his .Stale, favoring the resolu
tions adopted by the convention. In 1864 he was elected
to Ihe Thirty-ninth Congress from the Sixth Congressional
District of Illinois. During this term he vvas a raember of
the Judiciary Commillee of the House, and was the origin
ator ofthe statute passed protecting the officers and soldiers
of the army from suits for damages done while in military
duly during the war. He was returned lo Ihe Fortieth
Congress, in which he was a meraber of the Comraittee on
Elections and Chairman of the Committee on Roads and
Canals. He reported from the latter committee a bill au
thorizing the building of a postal and railitary railroad frora
Washington to New York, w-'hich raeasure he supported by
an able speech, delivered February 3d and 4lh, l86g, in
which he raaintained that the power to charter the proposed
line of road was derived frora the Constitution, Article I,
section 8, clause 3, of the Constitution of the United Stales,
15

providing Ihal Congress shall have power " lo regulate com
merce with foreign nations and araong the several Slates."
He clairaed Ihat such power was not liraited lo any special
branch or instrument of commerce, and that it had power to
deepen rivers as well as to build railroads. I>om the Com
mittee on Elections he prepared and made several valuable
reports on various contested cases. His report as to Beck,
member elect frora Kentucky, and others, was important, as
haying down general princiiiles to govern the action of the
House, where disloy.alty disqualifies from raerabership. He
also reported a bill establishing a basis on which Soulhern
raerabers were adrailted. In 1871 he resigned his seat in
Congress and moved to Chicago, whilher he was called to ac
cept the office of General Solicitor of the Northwestern Rail
road, one of the greatest roads of the West, which position
he still holds. He was raarried in 1848 to Elizabeth Hart,
daughter of Judge Hart, of Oswego, New York. Possessed
of the highest order of legal talent, he "has becorae an espe
cial authority in all matters of railroad law.

GDEN, WILLIAM B., Capitalist, was born in
Delaware county. New York, June 15th, 1805.
He is descended frora the eastern Nevv Jersey
branch ofthe Ogden family. Plis grandfather on
his father's side vvas a Revolutionary soldier.
His falher, Abraham Ogden, left New Jersey in
early life and settled in what was then known as Ihe Upper
Delaware Country, and opened a new horae in the wdlder
ness. His raother was the daughter of James Weed of
Fairfield county, Connecticut, vvho was also a soldier of the
Revolution. In the home thus formed and under such in
fluences this son was born and Ihe earlier years of his life
were passed. He was both as a boy and a man hardy,
tough and strong. He chose the profession of law, and
while pursuing an academic course wilh Ihat end in view,
he vvas called home on account ofthe dealh ofhis falher, to
assume the management of the faraily interests. His falher
having left considerable property, its raanageraent developed
in this son those remarkable powers of executive and finan
cial ability by which he vvas ever after distinguished. In
1834 Mr. Ogden look a warm interest in the project of con
structing the Erie Railroad by Stale aid, and vvas chosen a
member of Ihe New York Legislature chiefly to advocate
that measure. It failed that year, but was accoraplished at
the next session. In 1835, when thirty years old, he re
solved to turn his attention lo Ihe West. He already, Ihe
year previous, had raade investraenls in Chicago, and in
June of that year he arrived in that city, and iramediately
entered upon the raanageraent of the real estate purchased
by himself and his friends, and opened what is novv the
oldest real estate house in Chicago, and is slid conducted
by his brother and successor, Mahlon D. Ogden. In 1835
and 1836 his operations in real estate were very extensive.

114

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

as he early foresaw that Chicago was destined to become a
great city. He weathered the financial crash of 1837 in a
most creditable manner. He was at this time Miiyor of
Chicago, and its first mayor, and did much by his influence,
exaraple, and by a personal appeal before a public nieeting,
lo stay the general disposition on Ihe part of the people to
suspend the courts in order to prevent the compulsory col
lection of debts. And soon after, when Mississippi repu
diated her Stale debt, and Ihe poverty of Illinois was used
by demagogues as an argument in favor of her repudiation
of indebtedness, Mr. Ogden was prorainent in Ihe ranks of
those who fought to preserve public credit. Frora that time
onward for many years he devoted his iraraense energy and
private fortune to the development of great lines of railway
east and west from Chicago, vvhich should build up that
city and open the vast resources ofthe Northwest. In 1847
he resuscitated the Galena and Chicago Union Railway and
became its first President. This road soon proved to be
very profitable and successful. In 1853 he rested from his
labors, and spent a year and a half in Europe, devoting his
chief attention to its great public" works. He was one of
the first to advocate making the Illinois & Michigan Canal
a ship canal. Soon after his return from Europe he organ
ized a lumber corapany, to own 200,000 acres on the Pesh-
tigo river, in Wisconsin. A large village has grown up
about this business, and its annual product is now 50,000,-
000 feet of lumber. In 1857 he became President of the
Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railway Company, and
devoted his energies to building up Ihat road. Just then
the great panic settled upon the country, involving nearly
everyihing in ruin. Mr. Ogden slaked his private means on
the road, and carried it successfully through the crisis, and
il afterward look the name of the Chicago & Northwestern
Railroad. At the tirae of the organization of the Chicago
& Fort Wayne Railroad Company, in 1853, he was chosen
one of ils directors, and vvhen afterward, in i85g, Ihe road
vvas found to be in a condition of general collapse from the
great panic, he was chosen a general receiver for the whole
line of Ihe road. He labored faithfully for ils reorrraniza-
tion,and its prosperity to-day is an indication ofthe success
ofhis efforts. He has also been first President ofthe Ru.sh
Medical College; President of Ihe National Pacific Railway
Convention of 1850 ; President of Ihe Illinois & Wisconsin
Railway Corapany ; of Ihe Buffalo & Mis.sissippi Railway
Company ; of the Wisconsin & Superior Land Grant Railway
Company ; and first President of the Union Pacific Railway
Company; ofthe Chicago Branch ofthe Slate Bfink of
Illinois; and of the Board of Sewerage Commissioners for
the city of Chicago. In i860 he purchased 5000 acres of
land on the Allegheny river at Brady's Bend, Pennsylvania,
and subsequently organized the Brady's Bend Iron Coni-
p.any, with a capilal of ^2,000,000. Pie w.as, in 1852,
nominated by the Democratic party for Congress, but de
clined lo serve as a candidate. In i860 he was elected by
the Republican party to the Illinois Senate. In 1837 he

built a beautiful residence in the north division of Chicago,
where he for many years resided and dispensed a liberal
hospitality. But in later years his vast business concerns
centered more and more in New York city, and accord
ingly in 1866 he purchased a villa in Westchester county,
adjoining High Bridge, where he now resides. When
the terrible calamity laid Chicago in ashes, he promptly re
tumed to the city, and encouraged the citizens to rebuUd
and take a new start. In all his long life he has never
been married until wdthin the past few months. He has
always maintained a high character for integrity, and he
stands among the foreraost of western men.

OSSACK, JOHN, Eariy Pioneer of Illinois, was
born in Scoti.and, December 6lh, 1806. When
twelve years of age he vvas sent to Canada, and
there apprenticed to serve in a store until he had
attained his majority. At the expiration of his
terra of apprenticeship, he purchased goods on
credit, and established hiraself as a retail trader. In 1833
he moved to Upper Canada and was eraployed on the St.
Lawrence Canal ; subsequently, during the Canadian re
beUion, he was pressed into the British service, where he
was retained until the terraination ofthe outbreak. In 1838
he raoved to Illinois, and there secured eraployraent on the
Illinois & Michigan Canal, then in course of construction.
Later, when exportalions of wheat from Chicago were be
coming numerous and frequent, he was temporarily engaged
in hauling that product. Then, interesting himself in the
lumber business, he esl.ablished a yard in the city of Ollaw-a,
and was soon the possessor of a thriving and lucrative trade.
In connection wilh this business he afterward built a ware
house furnished wilh elevators, and began to deal exten
sively in grain. He was thus occupied until 1873, vvhen,
his sight failing him in a considerable degree, he was ciun-
pellod lo withdraw entirely from active business. Upon
the organizalion of the Anti-Slaveiy Parly, he became one
of its rao.st energetic and devoted adherents, and aided effi
ciently in establishing what was known as the " Underground
Railroad," vvas wddely known as one of its ablest " conduc
tors," and was indefatigable in helping runaway slaves lo
secure a safe asylura. On one occasion he, in company
wilh Doctor and I. Stout, and C. King, was tried before
Judge Drummond in the United Stales Court, for violation
of the Fugitive Slave Law, and the result of that trial was
the finding of a verdict against him and Dr. Stout, and Iheir
subsequent imprisonraent in the Chicago jail. On many
other occasions he has battled manfully for that political and
social principle which has ever been his guide while a citi
zen of the United Slates ; and, long before the Civil Rights
Bill was passed, he vvas a practical expounder of ils articles.
He vvas married in 1833, and has had eleven children, nine
of whom are now raarried, and vvho, in all, have twenty.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

"5

.children. A firm upholder of religious principles, he
is liberal in his views, and is noted for his mildness
and charily.

[j\J|GDEN, MAHLON D., D.-aler in Real Estate,
was born in Delaware c-unly. New York, July
l5lh, i8n. He received a common school
education, and afterward graduated at Hobart
College, Geneva, New York. He next studied
law in Columbus, Ohio, under Judge Swain. In
June, 1836, he went to Chicago and opened a law practice,
in which he continued until 1848. In that year he
entered upon real estate business, as a member of Ihe
Northwestern Land Agency, an office opened by his
brother, William B. Ogden, in 1835, in Chicago. He has
been engaged in this office, and maintained the business
started by his brother, frora that day to this. The present
firm-name is Ogden, Sheldon & Co. It is the oldest real
estate house in Chicago, and ils operations have reached
very extensive proportions and bear a high reputation for
integrity. Mr. Ogden was raarried, January gth, 1837, to
Miss Kasson, of Colurabus, Ohio. He has a faraily of
five children, three sons and two daughters. He has twice
been chosen Alderman of Chicago ; once acting in that
capacity after the great fire of 187 1, when the position in
volved an iraraense araount of hard work. He v\;as also
Judge of Probate in Cook county, Illinois, for eight years,
from 1837 to 1845.

j ROSSEAU, JULIUS, Lawyer, was born in
Franklin county. New York, December 17th,
1834, his parents being Julius and Mary Ann
(Jams) Brosssau. Pie was sent early lo the
public schools, and, after passing through their
various grades, entered and completed the
prescribed courses of study in the Genesee Wesleyan
Seminary, at Lima, New York. In i85g he reraoved to
the West, locating in Flint, Michigan, vvhere in the follow
ing year he commenced lo read law wilh Williara Newton,
under whose preceptorship he was thoroughly prepared for
practice. In the fall of 1861 he was adrailted lo the bar,
and entered at once upon the active duties of his profes
sion, which he followed wdth much success until 1864.
He attained during this time great personal popularity, not
only for his ability as a lawyer, but for his public spirit,
which was shown on many occasions, and was elected to
the respensible office of Recorder, Ihe duties of wdiich he
ably and acceptably fulfilled. In 1864 he reraoved lo
Saginaw, Michigan, and during his residence there was
elected Recorder, and for three terras City Attorney. In
1870 he settled in Kankakee, Illinois, where he has since
Vesided, continuing in the practice of his profession, vvhich

has grown very large and remunerative. Pie is now serv
ing his second term as City Allorney for Kankakee, and
has distinguished his administration by the successful
prosecution of some of the most important causes which
have engaged the attention of the courls of that section.
He was raarried, in i860, to Carrie Yakeley, formerly of
New York.

OMERS, WILLIAM D., Lawyer, was born in
Rockford, Surrey county. North Carolina, Janu
ary 22d, 1814, his parents being W. T. and
Nancy (Sraallwood) Somers. His early educa
tion was conducted at his home, and was
unusually thorough and practical. Pie removed
lo Urbana, Illinois, in 1840, and commenced lo read law
wilh Judge David D.avis, under whose guidance he was
prepared for admission lo the bar, which took place at
Springfield, in 1846. Since that time he has continued lo
practice at Urbana, and has won his way to the front rank
of the profession by his constant researches, which hiive
rendered him one of the best read lawyers of Illinois. He
is a practitioner of the_ olden time, when Lincoln and
Davis, and others of like talent graced the profession of
Ihat State. He was the first licensed lawyer in Urbana,
and his sterling integrity, his conscientious fidelity to the
interests of his clients and his distinguished ability as an
advocate and counsellor soon won for hira a very large
patronage, which he has ever since retained. He has been
active in proraoting all movenients for the intellectual and
material advanceraent of the comraunily in which he
resides, and has always retained the highest public esteera.
Pie vvas raarried, in 1842, lo Catherine P. Carson, of
Philadelphia, vvho still lives.

jjW;|^RANT, CHARLES E., Vice-President of the
Farmers' Bank, of Galesburg, was born in the
State of New York, in 1813, being the son of
Nathan and Elizabeth (Fellows), Grant, who
came frora Stoninglon, Verraont. His educa
tion was conducted at Troy, New York, and
upon the conclusion of his career at school he entered into
active life as a clerk in a raercantile house. When twenty
years of age he became captain of a boat running between
Troy and New Y'ork, and continued in this capacity until
1840, vvhen he was proraoted by the management of the
same line lo the position of superintending the purchase
and sale of cargoes. By industry and economy he soon
acquired considerable means, and invested a portion of
them in property in Ihe West. In the fall of l85g he
moved West and settled upon an estate near Galesburg,
Illinois, wdiich he had purchased some time before. Pie
engaged at once in fanning and dealing in grain. In this

ii6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

business he frora the first met with the most encouraging
success, and materiaUy increased his transactions. He is
now one of the heaviest grain dealers in his section of the
State, and his careful manageraent of his business secures
lo hira the fullest and most profitable returns. In l86g he
becarae one of the organizers of the Farraers' Bank, of
Galesburg, and subscribed for a very large amount of ils
slock, which he still holds. This has become a valuable
investment, owing to Ihe wisdora displayed in the raanage
raent of the institution, which soon becarae one of the
most prosperous and substantial in the West. In 1872 he
was chosen its Vice-President, and continues at the present
time to ably administer the duties of the office. In 1864
he aided very materially in the organization of the First
National Bank, of Galesburg, and is now one of ils
directors. He is a gentleman who enjoys the highest
public esteem, as much for his fine social trails as for his
public spirit and enterprise as a business man. He was
first married, in 1 835, to Jane Dun, of New York, who
died in 1852. In 1854 he married Mary Russell, of War-
rensburg. New York, who is still living.

r ITCHELL, REV. ARTHUR, was born in Hud
son, New York, August 13th, 1835, and is the
son of Matthew Mitchell, a merchant and manu
facturer of that city. His early education was
derived from Ihe public schools and academies
of Hudson, and from a boarding school al
Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and was corapleted by a col
lege course at Williaras College, which he entered at the
early age of fourteen, graduating four years later, in 1853.
He then went to Lafayette College, at Easton, Pennsyl
vania, as a tutor, where he remained for one year. He
then went abroad, and, having it already in his mind to
become a minister of the gospel, he extended his trip lo
the lands of the East, Egypt, Palestine, Greece and
Turkey, returning, after an absence of fourteen raonths, to
New York city, vvhere his falher had in Ihe raeEintinie
removed his business and his faraily. He here began his
theological studies, entered the Union Theological Semi
nary and corapleted a three years' course of study, and was
ordained as a minister. He vvas then married to Plarriel
E. Post, daughter of Alfred C. Post, M. D., Professor of
Surgery in the Medical College of New York University.
About this time he was called to the pastorate of the Third
Presbyterian Church, of Richraond, Virginia. He re
raained there till the breaking out of the rebellion, when
he returned North, and vvas called lo the pastorate of a
church in Morristown, New Jersey; the one forraerly min-
istered to by "Rev. Albert Barnes. In ihe fall of 1863 he
again went abroad and revisited Ihe lands of Ihe East, and
studied for a while in Germ.any. Returning home he
resumed his labors in Morristown, where he remained

until October, i858. At that lirae he received a call to
the First Presbyterian Church, of Chicago, which he
accepted; and in the duties of this position has been
engaged up lo the present time, being highly esteemed
by the people of his jiarish for the kindly qualities of his
heart and his Christian refinement.

L_(5^^0NES, FERNANDO, Real Estate Operator and
^ 'Il Compiler of Abstracts of Titles, was born. May
26th, 1820, in I'orrestville, New York, and is
Ihe eldest son of William and Anna (Gregory)
Jones. The family removed to Buffalo in 1826,
and to Chicago in 1835. He remembers seeing
Lafayette when he visited the United States, in 1825 ; and
the formal opening of the Erie canal, when a barrel of
water from the Atlantic ocean was poured, wilh much
ceremony, into Lake Erie. Pie was also present at the
breaking of ground for the Illinois & Michigan canal, in
1835, which connects Lake Michigan wilh the waters of
the Mississippi. Plis falher was largely engaged in raer
cantile pursuits and in real estate transactions in Ihe early
days of Chicago, and held raany prorainent positions in
political offices and benevolent enterprises in his day; and
was noted for his sterling honesty and strong good sense.
The " Jones School " vvas so naraed in his honor. His son
has likewise been largely engaged in real estate and build
ing operations, but he is chiefiy known for his connection
with questions of titles to real estate in Chicago and Cook
county. Prior to the great fire of 1 87 1, he had prepared a
complete set of "Abstract Books," showing, in a con
densed form, all the conveyances of real estate, tax sales,
estates and judgments in all the courts. When the public
records were all destroyed, these books (with others of the
same character which had been saved.) became the only
means of showing the evidences of title to real estate, as
originally shown by the public records. These books were
.saved in huge fire-proof vaults. Had they been destroyed,
it would have been as great a disaster lo the public as the
destruction of the buildings by Ihe fire. The evidences of
titie furnished by these books and memoranda enabled Ihe
owners of the land lo borrow money wherevvilh to rebuild,
and to dispose of their property wilh nearly the same
facility as previous to the disaster. The firms vvho united
their books and business after the fire were Jones & Sellers,
Chase Brothers and Shorlall & Hoard. These gentiemen
have reason lo be proud of the confidence evinced by the
public in their honor and probity^holding, as Ihey did,
such vast interests in Iheir hands — being no less than the
evidences of titie to milUons upon millions of real estate
properly. Mr. Jones has been an alderman and a super
visor of Ihe city of Chicago ; a trustee of the Hospital for
the Insane, at Jacksonville; he \\as also held the same
position in the Chicago Orphan Asylum and in the Chicago

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

117

University, and has been likewise interested in the schools
and hospitals of the city. He was married, in 1853, to
Jane Graham, a lady who is as well known for her advo
cacy of the right of the ballot for woraen, as by her interest
in eveiything that pertains to the higher education, useful
ness, and independence of her sex. Their faraily consists
of two children; a daughter of sixteen and a son of seven
years.

|ATHROP, DIXWELL, Geologi-.t, was born No
veraber gth, I7g6, in Griswold, Connecticut. His
father, Dixwell Lathrop, served in the P'ederal
army throughout the Revolution, and afterward
received a pension from the governraent. Pie
was a shoeraaker by trade. His raother's name
was Eunice Davis. He was a direct descendant of John
Dixwell, the famous regicide. During his earlier years he
attended the common school. From the age of fourteen to
eighteen he worked upon a farm. At eighteen he was ap
prenticed to a house carpenter, wilh whom he served two
years, in Norwdch, Connecticut; subsequently working as a
journeyman at his trade for seven years in that vicinity.
Noveraber I7lh, 1823, he was married, in Plainfield, Connect
icut, to Esther Shepard of that place. He then became a
builder, and w^as selected as overseer of the factory build
ings at Norwich Falls, Connecticut, which duly he fulfilled
for three years. In 1834 he moved to Cleveland, Ohio,
and worked at his trade. In 1835 Hon. John Rockwell,
an old friend of his, sent him to invest cash for him in
government lands in La SaUe county, Illinois, directing
hira to locate several different farms in the neighborhood of
the terminus of the then proposed Illinois Michigan Canal.
Becoming by this means naturally a land agent for Mr.
Rockwell, he removed his faraily thither in 1836. When
he came here, in 1835, there was no town, or indication of
one, nor anything whatever on the present site of the city
of La Salle, except one hut. In 1837 and 1838 he went
East, gathered up a colony of about 120 from Massachu
setts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, and brought thera
West, most ofthem accompanying him to his new location.
They here laid out a town, where it was supposed Ihat Ihe
business from the terminus of the nevv canal would centre,
and Mr. Lathrop became owner of one-twelfth ofthe town
.site. They soon discovered it vvas not the right point, and
vvere obliged to vacate and move a mile farther south.
This entailed great loss on Mr. Lathrop, and he was
obliged to turn his attention lo the raising of cattle and
sheep upon the wild prairies. Plis wife died February
I2th, 1839. He was married again. May 6th, 1841, in La
Salle, to Sarah Foster of Nevv Harapshire. In a few years
he began to turn his attention to the coal cropping out
here and there, and indicating to his mind vast deposits
underlying the country. He bought works upon geology,
and studied the mailer long and thoroughly ; as a result of

which he wrote lo Mr. Rockwell, asking him to purchase
other Iracts, wilh a vievv of developing a coal trade; pro
posing that they work it together and he should himself
receive half of the profits. This was done, and the tracts
he had selected were purchased, and in not a single one of
them did they fail to find coal. They entered into this
business; digging it, however, frora side hills where it
cropped out, bul sinking no shafts. Mr. Lathrop continued
to be the superintendent of this business and the land agent
of Mr. Rockwell until July, 1866, when he was visited
with a stroke of paralysis from vvhich he has never com
pletely recovered. He thus becarae Ihe pioneer in the
great coal interests of La SaUe county, Illinois, and a well-
read a«d practical geologist. Pie is also a successful bee
cullurist, their habits having been with him the subject of
long and patient study. He is an honorary member of the
Academy of Sciences at Ottawa, Illinois, .and of a like insti
lulion at Davenport, Iowa. F'or raany years he has been
a Deacon of the Congregational Church at La SaUe, and
was one of Ihe original five who first constituted that church.
He is a man highly respected among his townsmen for his
integrity and general worth of character.

' '/.*>¦ AMES, EDWARD, Banker, was born in Vernon,
Oneida county. New York, Febru.ary i6lh, 1808.
His falher vvas Hezekiah Eames, a clotiiicr.
The son's chief education vvas derived from the
coranicm school. After arriving at nianhood he
resided in Utica, New York, vvhere he was raar
ried, February l6lh, 1832, to Maria Broadwell. For two
years subsequentiy he kept a hotel at Sanquoit, Nevv York,
after which he filled for many years the positions of Deputy
Sheriff and Sheriff of Oneida county, until, in 1S57, he
moved to Ottawa, lUinois, where he almost immediately
entered upon a banking business. In this, as President cf
the house of Earaes, Allen &: Co., afterward the National
City Bank of Ottawa, he vvas engaged until his dealh,
vvhich occurred frora paralysis of the heart, January 30lh,
1 87 1, in the sixty-third year of his age. He w.as stricken
down suddenly in the raidst cf his labors. He possessed
exceUent business ability, and had by his Labor raised the
bank to a position of importance and prosperity. He carae
of a faraily possessing peculiar ability in Ihis line, two of
his brothers also being successful bankers. He was also
President ofthe Illinois River Bridge Company of Ollawa.
His faraily was large, containing eight children, but one cf
whom is novv living — a daughter. IIis Vi^e, ihough not
marked by great events, was one of untiring activity in
business, which reaped for him a large fortune. In private
character he vvas a man of irreproachable integrity, strong
religious convictions, and a genial disposition. He vvas
very generaUy esteeraed in the city.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA,

jALLACE, WILLIAM HERVEY LAM ME,
General and Lawyer, was born in Urbana, Ohio,
July 8th, 1821, His father, John Wallace, was
a carpenter by trade, a man of refinement and
culture, and vvell educated. He was one of the
founders of Ihe Rock River Seminary of Illinois,
In 1833 the family moved to Deer Park, lUinois, where
fatiier and son vvere engaged in farraing. In the year 1839
they reraoved to Mount Morris, Ogle county, Illinois, At
the age of nineteen this son entered Rock River Seminary,
becoming at once a pupil and a tutor in raatheraatics. He
also studied surveying, and vvas engaged occasionaUy in
practical surveying. He continued in this institution until
the age of twenty-three. In Deceraber, 1844, he yent lo
Springfield, Illinois, with the intention of studying law in
the office of Abrahara Lincoln, but there nieeting T, Lyle
Dickey, afterward Judge, he, after a few months at Spring
field, went to Ottawa, Illinois, to study law wilh him. At
the close of two years of study here he vvas admitled lo the
bar of Ihe Stale in 1845. He practised law in Ollawa until
the war vvith Mexico broke out. In June, 1846, he was
mustered into the isl Illinois Regiment, as Orderly Ser
geant of Company I. A few weeks later he vvas proraoted
to a Second Lieutenancy, and soon after to Ihe position of
First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the regiment, and fought
by the side of Colonel Hardin when the latter was killed at
Buena Vista, At the expiration of his terra of enlistment
he returned to Ottawa and resuraed his profession, in part
nership with John C. Charaplin. In 1850 he was appointed
Deputy United .Slates Marshal of La Salle county, and was
engaged in compiling the census ofthal county. February
iSlh, 1 85 1, he vvas married to Martha Ann Dickey, eldest
daughter of Judge T. Lyle Dickey of Ottawa. In 1852 he
was elected State's Attorney for the Ninth Judicial District
of Illinois, which office he held for four years. From the
year 1852 he was associated in the practice of lavv wilh his
father-in-law, as a member of the firra of Dickey, Wallace
& Dickey. When the rebeUion broke out he responded at
once to the country's need, and in May, 1861, was chosen
Colonel of Ihe nth Illinois Regiment of three months' vol
unteers. They were sent to Villa Ridge, Illinois, and
thence lo Bird's Point, Missouri, which post he was placed
in command of His duties vvere both complicated and
dangerous, testing both his military and legiil skill. In
Januaiy, 1862, he marched his regiment lo Fort Jefferson,
Kentucky, February Ist he was placed in conimand of a
brigade in McClernand's division, and raarched lo Fort
Henry. On the 12th his brigade raarched lo Fort Donel
son, and took part in the severe fighting of the 13th, I4lh,
and 15th. After this fighting he was appointed Brigiidier-
Genei'.al; the confirmation of the appointment reaching hira
al Pittsburgh Landing, whilher he h<ad gone. Pie w.as
placed in command of the 1st Division of the Army of Ihe
'Tennessee by General Grant. His division was in Ihe heat
of Ihe bailie on the 6th of April. Four li.nes in massed

strength the foe vvas beaten back ; his division stood, vvith
Hurlbut's, for a time between the army and ruin; but wdlh
out support Ihat isolated advance had to be abandoned, and
a retreat becarae inevitable. At this critical juncture Gen
eral Wallace was shot through the head and fell from his
horse insensible, and, as vvas supposed, dead. His brother-
in-law, Cyrus E. Dickey, and three orderlies, attempted to
carry him off the field ; but being hotiy pressed by the
enemy, and two of the orderlies being wounded, they sadly
laid him down on the field. The next day the Union
soldiers regained the ground, and he was found barely
alive. The enemy had covered him wilh a blanket, and
with another made a pillow for his head. He was re
raoved to Savannah, Tennessee, where he lingered until
the lOth, and died, his wife watching by his dying bed.
He was partly conscious during those last days, but owing
lo his wound unable to converse. His remains were con
veyed lo Ottawa, and interred in a grove near his beautiful
residence, " The Oaks," on the bluff north of the city. An
immense concourse followed his remains to the grave,
where they were interred wilh Masonic rites, the old lorn
battle-flag of the nth Illinois being carried in the proces
sion. The bar of the Slate, through Judge Purple, pre
sented resolutions to the Supreme Court of Illinois in honor
of his meraory, to vvhich Chief-Justice Calon replied, and a
copy of these proceedings vvas sent to the widow of the de
ceased. The general had for many years been Master in
Chancery. In one of their journeys East, as they were
about to board a vessel, the gang-plank gave way and pre
cipitated his wife and many others into the waves, vvhen
her husband at once jV.unged in and rescued her. He was
one of a family notable for the many representatives il sent
to Ihe war, and his memory is affectionately cherished by
his fellow-townsmen.

WIFT, MILTON HOMER, Banker, Mayor of
Ottawa, Illinois, was born in Kent, Litchfield
county, Connecticut, October 3d, 1815. His
falher, Plomer Swift, was a lawyer. His mother
was a woman of strong character, of extensive
reading, and of more than ordinary raental power
and culture. When he vvas but five years old his father
died, and he was taken to .Seneca county, Nevv York, where
he lived three years. Pie then returned 10 Kent, attended
district school, and soon after went to New Preston, Con
necticut, and lived in Ihe family of an uncle, Johnson C.
Hatch, a physician of prominence, where he stayed until
twenty years old. At that period he began reading law
wilh Origen S. Seymour, at Litchfield, Connecticut; grad
uated al Ihe age of twenty-two, and was admitted lo the
bar of Connecticut. He then took a trip through Ihe West,
and in Sepleniber, 1838, opened a law office in Ottawa,
Illinois. In 1842 he became Assignee in Bankruptcy for
La Salle county, Illinois, under the bankruptcy act of that

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

119

year, being nominated for the position by Abrahara Lincoln ;
this position he held for more than two years. He was
niJirried in Ottawa, April 14th, 1847, to Susan W. Miles,
of Boston, sister of Mrs. Judge Leland, of Ottawa. They
have two children, a daughter at home, and a son at the
University of Michigan. Mr. Swift continued the practice
of law in Ottawa frora 1838 until 1857, when, on account
of the health of sorae of his faraily, he took up his residence
for two years in the East, at Bridgeport, Connecticut. In
1859 he returned with his faniily lo Ottawa, where he had
steadily continued his business attachraents and interests,
and where they have ever since resided. In January, 1867,
he relinquished his profession and vvas chosen President of
the First National Bank of Ottawa, of which he was one of
the original projectors. He is al present Mayor of the city
of Ottawa, filling the office for a second time, and is highly
respected throughout that community.

' WEET, ELLIS L., Lawyer, vvas born in Maine,
July 3d, 1839. His parents are Lorella Sweet,
and Mary W. (Bailey) Sweet. His education
was acquired at the Farmington Academy, and,
upon the termination of his course of studies in
that institution, he decided to embrace the legal
profession. Pie then comraenced the study of law, in 1858,
under the supervision and able guidance of Hannibal
Belcher, a resident of Farmington. Severing his connection
with this tutor, he moved to the West in 1859, and resumed
his studies under the directions of Hon. Daniel Mace, then
residing in Lafayette, Indiana. In the spring of i860 he
raoved to Charapaign, Illinois, and vvas there adrailted to
Ihe bar in the ensuing fall. Iraraediately beginning the
active practice of his profession, he rapidly acquired an
extensive and remunerative clientage. During his resi
dence in Charapaign, his natural talents and abilities,
effectively developed by a thorough course of primary
training and subsequent well-directed study, have enabled
him to assume a leading position aniong his professional
colleagues ; he has been retained in a large nuraber of suits
of considerable public and private iraportance, which he
has conducted wdth patient skilfulness and vigor; and in
the famous " Texas Cattle Suit," in vvhich was involved an
immense sum of raoney, and for whose prosecution the
most prominent practitioners of the Stale were engaged, his
conduct called forth warm commendations, both from his
bretiiren at the bar, and from Ihe public in general. He
has twice been Mayor of Champaign, and upon each
occasion discharged with entire satisfaction to all interested
the onerous duties attached to Ihat position. The social
and political interests of his adopted State and county have
always engrossed a great share of his attention, and in all
movements and enterprises, having for their end the ad
vanceraent of the coramon welfare, he is an earnest and
active but unostentatious agent.

j/||| YFORD, WILLIAM HEATH, M. D., was born
Jji/ 1 March 20lh, 1817, in Ihe village of Eaton, Ohio,
'Ij II and is Ihe son of Plenry T. and Hannah Byford.
During his infancy his parents reraoved lo Ihe
Falls of the Ohio river, now New Albany,
whence, in 1821, Ihe farajly changed ils place
of residence to Hindostan, Martin county, Indiana. Here,
while William was in his ninth year, his falher died, and,
through stress of circurastances, he vvas compelled to aban
don the course of elementary studies vvhich he had been
pursuing in the neighboring country school. Five years
later he was apprenticed lo a tailor in Palestine, Illinois,
with whora he reraained two years, then entered the employ
of another tailor, at Vincennes, Indiana, vvhere, during the
ensuing four years, he not only worked diligently al his
trade, but, vvith the aid of books bought or borrowed, mas
tered the structure of his native longue, acquired a knowl
edge of Ihe Latin, Greek, and French languages, .and
studied wilh especial care physiology, chemistry, and natural
history. About eighteen months prior to the expiration of
his term of apprenticeship, he decided to devote his life anrl
energies to the study of medicine, and subsequently placed
himself under the professional guidance and guardianship
of Dr. Joseph Maddox, of Vincennes, Indiana. After the
lapse of a year and a half, consumed in ardivous and inces
sant study, he passed the required examination, and began
the practice of his profession in Ovvensville, Gibson county,
Indiana, August 8th, 1838. In 1840 he removed lo Mount
Vernon, Indiana, and in 1845, after having attended lec
tures, applied for and obtained a regular graduation and an
accredited diploma from the Ohio Medical CoUege. In
1847, after resuming his practice, which had been tempor
arily interrupted by his studies, he performed, and published
an account of that surgical operation denominated the
" Caesarean Section." " This was followed by contributions
to the raedical journals which attracted Ihe attention of the
medical community, and gave their author a respectable
reputation for literary acquirements, intellectual penetration,
and scientific knowledge." In October, 1850, he vvas
elected lo the Chair of Anatomy, in the Evansville, Indiana,
Medical College, which he filled witii ability for a period
of two years, when he vvas transferred to the Chair of
Theory and Practice in the same instilulion. In Ihat
responsible capacity he acted until Ihe extinction of the
college in 1854. During his professorship in EvansvUle,
he was one of the editors of a medical journal of acknowl
edged merit, and, until ils publication vvas discontinued,
contributed valuable articles to ils columns. In May, 1857,
he was elected Vice-President of the American Medical
Association, then asserabled at Na.shviUe, Tennessee. In
Ihe following autumn he was called to the Chair of Obstet
rics and Diseases of Woraen and Children in the Rush
Medical College, .at Chicago, vacated by Dr. John Evans,
the talented physician, and United Stales Senator from
Colorado. This position he occupied for two years, when.

120

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

united with several medical associates, he assisted in
establishing and organizing the Chicago Medical College.
He then accepted in that inslilulion the sarae position
which he had held previously in the Rush Medical College
— the Chair of Obstetrics and Diseases of Woraen and Chil
dren — and down to the present tirae has performed its
attendant and responsible duties with marked zeal and effi
ciency. During a term of years he vvas associated with
Professor N. S. Davis in the editorial management of The
Chicago Medical Journal. In 1 864 he published the first
medical work attributable lo a Chicago author; its title is
" Chronic Inflammation and Displacements of the Unini-
pregnated Uterus;" in 1866 appeared his "Practice of
Medicine and Surgeiy applied lo the Diseases and Acci
dents incident to Women," which is extensively used as a
text-book, and not rarely quoted as a. valuable authority;
in 1 87 1 vvas published the second edition of his work on the
" Unirapregnated Uterus ; '' and in 1869 a second edition also
of his " Practice ; " in 1872 his work on " Obstetrics '' vvas
issued, and in the following year appeared a second edition
of the sarae volume. He has twice performed Ihe " Ceesar-
ean Section ; " and, as a lecturer on medical and scientific
subjects, and a writer on kindred topics, has secured a
widely extended and honorable reputation throughout the
Northwest and elsewhere. Hevvas married,, October 3d,
1840, to Mary Anne Holland, daughter of Dr. Hezekiah
Holland; her demise occurring March 3d, 1864, he was
subsequently married a second time to Lina W. Flersheim,
of Buffalo, New York. He has recently been elected
Editor-in-chief to a new raedical journal, under the auspices
of the Chicago Medical Press Association, entitied The
Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner. It is the suc
cessor of the two journals known as the Chicago Medical
and the Chicago Medical Examiner.

^OYNE, HON. THOMAS, LL. D., Lawyer, was
born, 181 7, in New York city. He is Ihe son
of respectable Irish parents, who had been com
pelled to emigrate, in 1815, in consequence of
troubles in vvhich his father had becorae in
volved wilh the English government. The latter
1829, and his widow followed vvithin a year.
Thoraas, who was Ihe eldest of seven children, hjd been
sent lo St. Peter's Catholic school, where he continued
until lie was left an orphan. In 1830 he was indentured
as an apprentice to a raanufacturer of fancy goods, travel
ling cases and pocket books. He reraained there for four
or five years; and, being fond of literaiy pursuits, joined
the " Lilerary Association," wdiere he raade the acquaint
ance of the late Judge Manierre, Hon. Horace Greeley
Judge C. P. Daly, Hon. Williara B. Mackay M b'
Maclay, McElralh, and others. It was in Ihis club that

he laid the foundation of his present eminence as an at
torney, and of that friendship with Judge Manierre wliich
lasted unbroken until the latter's death in 1863. He also,
while an apprentice, attended two night schools, in one of
which he studied Latin and Greek, and at the other English
grammar and elocution. He was a diligent reader and
close student and made rapid progress. His term of ser
vice expired in 1835, when he became a clerk in a whole
sale grocery house, which enabled him lo continue his
attendance at the night schools. In the following year
he entered the office of Hon. John Brinkerhoff, as a law
student; meanwhile, by various little business schemes,
he continued to increase his means, whereby he might
continue his studies. Plis friend. Judge Manierre, had
removed to Chicago in 1835, and as they were in corre
spondence, he was soon induced to follow the judge. He
left New York in August, 1837, and was four weeks en
route to the " Prairie City." He found his friend acting
as clerk of the Circuit Court, and he secured inimediate
employment in the office at a salaiy of ten dollars per
week. He here had a rare opportunity lo ¦ familiarize
hiraself wilh the IlUnois practice, and he pursued a regu
larly systematized course of study. During Ihe next two
years, he joined a lilerary club, and also renewed his Latin
studies, besides commencing the study of French. In the
fall of 1838 he commenced teaching school, but continued
only four raonths, as he found it occupied too ranch of his
tirae. He entered, sub.sequently, the law office of J. Young
Scararaon as a student, and completed his readings in 1839,
and was admitted lo practice towards the close of tiiat
year. He had becorae ira'bued with Deraocratic principles,
and, as that party was victorious at the municipal election
in 1840, he was elected City Clerk. He was the author
of the meraorial, presented to Congress in 1841,- urging
an increased appropriation for the improvement of the
harbor of Chicago. In the autumn of 1842 he reraoved
to Galena, where he resided two years. He returned to
the practice of the law in Chicago, December, 1844. In
1847 he vvas elected Probate Justice of the Peace under
the old Constitulion, being the office novv termed County
Judge. He held this office untU the new Constitution
went into effect, when the court was suspended, in the fall
of 1848. He had, meanwhile, formed a partnership with
Plon. Mark Skinner, for the practice of his profession, and
this firm continued until the latter was elected Judge, in
1 85 1. He took a leading part on the Democratic side,
advocating the Mexican war; but in 1848, after the pas
sage of the Wilmot Proviso, he became an advocate of
Free Soil principles. He was Chairman of the Committee
appointed at a great mass meeting in favor of the Proviso,
and was the author of the address lo the people. It vvas
a bold, raanly, vigorous protest against the further exten
sion of slavery, and vvas designed to affect the opinion of
Ihe Deraocratic masses of the Slate. He was an advo
cate for the election of V.an Buren and Adams, in 1848;

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and, as a Presidential elector, made a thorough canvass
through Northern Illinois. Though accepting the com
promise measures of 1850, he did not relinquish his opposi
tion to slavery extension, and when a successor came to
be nominated as a Congressman to succeed Hon. John
Wentworth, Dr. Molony was selected entirely through his
(Thomas Hoyne'-.) efforts. In 1850 he was elected Presi
dent of the Young Men's Association, and was subse
quently re-elected, being the only individual who was
elected to a second term. He delivered a series of lectures
before that body. Through the influence of Wentworth,
he was appointed by Presideni Pierce, in 1853, the United
States District Attorney for Illinois, which then embraced
the entire State. With this appointment his business
rapidly increased. In 1854 Judge Douglas introduced
into Congress the Kansas and Nebraska bills, and the bill
for the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and the anti-
slavery excitement broke out afresh. He sided with
Senator Douglas on these questions, and in 1856 can
vassed Northern Illinois in behalf of Buchanan. In 1858
he advocated the admission of Kansas under the Lecomp
ton Constitution, and in this acted in accordance with the
views of the President, although Judge Douglas opposed
the movement. In 1859 he was commissioned United
Stales Marshal for the Northern District, succeeding
Charles A. Pine, who had become a defaulter. He
brought order out of the chaos which had reigned in that
office ; and in i860 superintended the United States Cen
sus for the Northern District, which was so efficiently
performed that he was complimented therefor by J. P.
Kennedy, the Superintendent of the Census Bureau.' This
was the last political office he held ; but his labors in the
public behalf did not end here. When Senator Douglas
presented the Baptists with ten acres of land conditional
upon the erection thereon of a university, to be built within
a specified lime, at a co-st of not less than ^100,000, he
was elected one of the Board of Trustees, upon which he
has continued to serve; and he endowed a Professorship
of Law, subscribing and paying ^5000, beside giving his
active personal efforts towards the founding of the law
school. It was opened Seplember 2lst, 1859, and the
Board of Trustees, in recognition of his great efforts in
this direction, established a chair in the faculty, known as
" The Hoyne Professorship of International and Constitu
tional Law." At the annual coraraenceraent of 1862, the
university honored him with the degree of Doctor of Laws.
He also secured for that institution the great Lalande prize
telescope of Alvan Clark ; and, as a compliment to his
enterprise in anticipating the offer which Harvard Univer
sity intended making, he was elected first Secretary of the
Chicago Astronoraical Society, which position he still
holds. He is a life member of Ihe Chicago Historical
Society, and also of the Mechanics Institute of that city.
Previous to Ihe outbreak of the great Rebellion, he labored
earnestly lo avert war, and cautioned many of the Southern
16

leaders, among them John Slidell and HoweU Cobb, wilh
whom he was intimate, against the dangers they were
incurring. When he saw all remonstrance was useless,
he gave his whole energies to Ihe preservation of the
Union. He was a member of the Union Defence Com
mittee, and was the author of the well-known appeal lo
the people of Illinois. Throughout the four years con
flict, he rose above all partisan preferences, and never
encouraged partisan organizations. The resolutions of
respect to the memory of General W. H. L. Wallace, who
fell while leading his division at the b,atl!e of Pittsburg
Landing, and adopted by members of the bar of the Slate
of Illinois, during the session of the Supreme Court, at
Ottawa, on April 23d, 1862 — althqugh credited to another
in the Miliiary Plistory of the Stale — were coraposed and
reported by hira [Vide. Reports of Supreme Court of Illi
nois, Vol. 27, 1861-62]. Like everything emanating from
his tongue or pen, during those troublous tinies, these
resolutions bear the impress of true devotion to country,
and sincere affection and sympathy for those who fell in
the great struggle for national existence. After the war,
he thoroughly indorsed the positions assumed by President
Johnson in his conflict wilh Congress, and was a Delegate
to the Philadelphia Conservative Convention, August, 1866,
serving upon the Committee on Credentials therein. In
1872 he was found araong the earnest supporters of the
raoveraent which resulted in the nomination of Horace
Greeley for the Presidency. His voice was heard in the
carapaign in several masterly speeches, ringing with in
tolerance of wrong and wilh devotion to the cause of good
government and the highest interests of the counlry, and
he was placed upon the ticket as a Greeley elector from
the F'irst District. In 1874 he acted wilh the opposition
so called ; and with Judge Greene, of Cairo, an old and
influential Democrat, drew up the call of Ihe Democratic
Slate Committee, issued in Chicago, enibodying the Specie
plank. Free Commerce, and Civil Rights, which the New
York World published under the Flag, and over a column
of commentaiy commending the brevity of ils language
and the wisdom and sound democracy of the action.
During the suramer of 1875 he was elected the President
of the Jeffersonian Club, an organizalion the principles
and objects of which were well defined by him in his
inaugural address, delivered in Greenebaum's Hall, Chicago,
on July gth, before a large and enthusiastic audience.
Receiving into ils fellowship men of all shades of political
opinion, he announced that the object of the association
was to save the country from rogues, to extinguish corrupt
rings, and to restore honesty and economy to the adrainis
tration of govemraent, national. Stale, and municipal.
After an eloquent denunciation of existing frauds, con
stituting a very gloomy and forbidding picture, he con
fronted the question : " Is there sufficient vit.al raoral force
or patriotisra in the people to still save their free institu
tions?" To it he unhesitatingly answered "Yes," and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

pointed to the aroused and awakening public opinion as
extending assurance of the nation's salvation, so soon as an
opportunity arose lo bind the honest people of the counlry
together in the necessary effort. To precipitate that oppor
tunity was the work of the club. Ils principles were
enunciated as follows : gold and silver coin as the only
currency ; free coraraeree and a tariff for revenue only ;
the civil rights of all raen, while as well as black, and the
abolition of all sumptuary legislation ; the restriction of
the government at Washington to the exercise of such
powers only as are expressly granted in the Constitution,
all others being, in that instrument, reserved to the States ;
strict economy in all public expense, and the discourage
ment and putting down of all schemes of legislation hav
ing for an object Ihe aggrandizeraent of individuals or classes ;
the right of election by the people, and the punishraent
of all the corrupt or corrupting influences which may be
brought to outrage lh"e ballot-box at elections. This or
ganizalion Mr. Hoyne regards as the event of Ihe time in
the political life of Chicago; and as the commencement
of a reform raoveraent that, extending through the country,
will draw lo ils support the various elements now com
bining lo elect Ihe next national administration. The
results flowdng frora his efforts in connection wilh the
movement he anticipates will prove the most important to
the public of any in which he has been an agent. He is
one of the originalors of the Chicago Public Library, and
presided over the first meeting called for Ihe purpose of
organizing, and was President of the first Board of Direc
tors thereafter, which position he yet holds. His address
to the Law Class of the University, graduating in 1869,
was an eloquent appeal to young men entering upon the
profession, lo uphold its honor and dignity, and to main
tain an elevated bar, and a bench above suspicion, also the
unadulterated administration of justice in the courls. The
Fourlh of July oration on the " New Departure," delivered
by hira at La Salle, 1871, was a raasterly effort, and was
widely published, and added rauch lo his farae as an orator.
He is a director of the Chicago Branch of the Mississippi
Valley Society, or International Chamber of Commerce,
for the promotion of direct business relations between
Europe and the West and South, and a liberal commercial
policy between the different countries of Europe and the
Uniled Slates. He is a raeniber .and one of Ihe originators
of the Chicago Bar Association, was its Vice-President in
1874, and one of the Coramittee on Legal Education in
1875. He is one of Ihe originators of Ihe Citizens' Asso
ciation, and a member of the coramittee who prepared the
address, " To the Citizens of Chicago," of July 30th, 1874.
Hevvas married, Seplember 17th, 1840, to the daughter
of Dr. John T. Temple, one of the first settiers of Chicago.
She is Ihe mother of seven children; Ihe eldest son,
Teraple S., is a prominent physician and a Professor in the
Hahnemann Medical College; the second son is the junior
partner in the law firm of Ployne, Horton & Hoyne, of

which his falher is the senior member, and is a lawyer of
great ability ; and the third son is Assistant Cashier of the
Germania Savings Bank.

MITH, ARTHUR A., Lawyer, Circuit Judge of
the Eighth District, was born in B.atavia, Clare
mont county, Ohio, May gth, 1829. His parents
were Erastus Sraith, from Rhode Island, and
Martha (Hulick) Smith, from Ohio. After ac
quiring an elementary education in his native
place, he came to Knox county, Illinois, in the fall of
1840, and entered upon a course of higher studies at Knox
College, located in Galesburg, Knox county. Graduating
from that institution in 1853, he decided lo embrace the
legal profession, and, under Ihe .supervision of Abraham
Becker, an .able former practitioner of New York .Slate,
commenced the study of lavv, and finished in the office
of the Hon. Julius Manning, of Peoria, Illinois. In 1855
he was admitted to the bar of Illinois, and immediately
coraraenced the practice of his profession in Galesburg,
and continued thus engaged until the outbreak of the '
Southern Rebellion. He then, in 1862, entered Ihe service
of the United Stales, in the 83d Regiment of Illinois
Infantry, and, upon the final organizalion of that body,
was elected Lieulenant-Colonel. Subsequently, commis
sioned Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General, he was an
active participant through the war, and rendered effective
services lo the government and toward assisting in main
taining the integrity of the Union. His regiment served
in the Array of the West, mainly in the Army of the
Curaberland. At the terraination of the struggle he re
turned to Galesburg, there resuming the practice of his
profession, and rapidly acquiring an extensive and re
munerative clientage. In 1866 he was appointed by
Governor Oglesby to fill the unexpired terra of Judge
John S. Thompson, and at the expiration of that term, in
June, 1867, vvas elected lothe sarae office — Circuit Judge
of the Tenth Judicial Circuit, then coraprising the counties
of Knox, Warren, Mercer, and Henderson. This section
is now called the Eighth Circuit, and includes all of the
above-named counties, wdlh the exception of Mercer
county. Prior to this, in 1861, he had been elected lo
the Legislature, where he served two ses.sions; throughout
vvhich his conduct was characterized by inflexible loyally
Eind raarked ability. In 1873 he was re-elected to the
Circuit Judgeship for a term of six years. He is a learned
and skilful practitioner and expounder of the lavv, and his
judgments and rulings are remarkable for their soundness
and accuracy. In all matters pertaining to the social and
political welfare of his adopted State and county, he is
warmly interested ; has aided effectively in fostering and
developing the industries and resources of G<alesburg; and
vvhile in the halls of the Legislalure has worked profitably

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

123

for the interests of his constituents. He was raarried, in
1855, to Mary Delano, whose demise occurred in the fol
lowing year ; subsequently, he was again married to Many
E. Benner, of Galesburg, Illinois.

->^ DAMS, JOHN BALLARD, Lawyer, and for
several years Judge of the County Court of
Racine county, Wisconsin, was born at Dryden,
Tompkins county. New York, January 26th,
1836. His father. Rev. Moses Adaras, a Metho
dist Episcopal clergyraan, was born, January
6th, 1806, in Jefferson county. New York, and died in
Ollawa county, Kansas, in September, 1 871. His mother,
whose maiden name was Caroline Ballard, was born in
1809, in Courtiar.d county, Nevv York, and is slill living
and resides w-'ith her son. Judge Adams vvas educated
principally at Jefferson County Institute, Watertown, New
York, and at Casenovia Seminary, Nevv York. Frora 1848
to 1854 he lived with his parents at Wiitertown, New York,
and vvith thera, in the spring of 1854, reraoved to Racine,
Wisconsin. For two or three years he was employed in
the book store ofhis falher, whose failing heallh compelled
him to give up active service in the ministry. In 1856
Judge Adams entered the law office of Hon. William P.
Lyon (one of the present justices of the Suprerae Court of
Wisconsin) and continued as a lavv student until the fall
of 1857, vvhen he entered the law school at Albany, New
York, where he graduated in 1858. He then returned lo
Racine and became Ihe partner of Judge Lyon in tbe law
practice, the lavv firm of Lyon & Adaras, and Lyon, Adams
& Hand continuing until the election of Judge Lyon to a
judicial office. In i860 he married Susan A. J. Dun-
Combe, daughter of Dr. Elijah Duncombe, of Sl. Thomas,
Canada, who died childless, in May, 1863. In 1S61 he
vvas elected Judge of the County Court of Racine county,
Wisconsin, although al that time but twenty-five years of
age, and he vvas re-elected to the same office in 1865. In
the latler part of 1864 he married again, his second vvife
being Caroline Belden, daughter of Ira Belden, of Aurora,
Illinois. Four children of this marriage are living. In
September, 1868, Judge Adams resigned his judicial office
and removed to Chicago, Illinois, lo engage in business as
a conveyancer and examiner of real estate tides. After
the great fire of 1871 he coramenced the preparation of a
work vvhich vvas published in 1874 in two large voluraes,
entitled " Real E.state Statutes and Decisions of Illinois."
This work coraprises a compilation of all of the real estate
statutes of the State and Territory from the eariiest period
of legislation, and also digested notes from all of the de
cisions of the Supreme Court of the Slate affecting real
estate and lilies thereto. In this work W. J. Durham
became associated wilh him as one of ils authors. Since
the spring of 1872 Judge Adams has been associated wilh

an old and prorainent citizen of Chicago, Plorace G. Chase,
in Ihe business of investing money for Eastern capitalists
upon real estate security in and about Chicago. Plis resi
dence is at South Evanston, a beautiful and rapidly grow
ing suburban village about six miles north of Chicago, upon
Lake Michigan. He is a large land-owner in the village,
and his enterprise has contributed materially to ils growth
and prosperity. Since his residence here he has been
prominent in the manageraent of the village schools, and
for four terras in succession has been chosen President of
Ihe village.

ANNAMAN, ROBERT L., Merchant, Lawyer
and Judge, was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, Sep
tember 5th, 1803, being the son of John PI. and
Susanna (Beebe) Hannanian. His falher carae
from New York and his mother frora the Eastern
Shore of Maryland. His grandfather, Christopher
Hahnemann, vvas adescendant of Hahnemann, the founder
of the raedical system of Horaceopalhy. The orthography
ofthe faniily narae was changed after the emigration ofthe
family to Anierica. Robert L. received his early educa
tion in the counlry schools, residing on a farm until his
sixteenth year. For sorae years after he was engaged in
surveying, -a knowledge 0/ which he acquired wilh great
aptitude. In 1822 he raoved lo (what subsequentiy be
carae) Hamilton county, Indiana, and accepted a position
as school teacher. In the foUowdng year, upon the organi
zalion of that county, he was elected Recorder of Deeds,
retaining Ihis office until 1825, when he was chosen Sheriff,
and by virtue of his office Collector of the Revenue. The
new county was a very large one, comparatively, being
sixty railes in length, and the duties assigned him in his
dual office demanded ceaseless activity and thorough execu
tive ability, qualities vvhich he possessed in no ordinary
degree. Upon the expiration of his term of office as Sheriff,
he vvas elected County Surveyor, for which his early
experiences especially filled hira. He retained this position
ten years. During this time he studied law, and was, in
1830, adraitted to practice. In 1833 he becarae Justice of
Ihe Peace, and filled this judicial station five years. He
represented Hamilton county in the Slate Legislature from
1834 to 1836, having been elected on the Whig ticket.
Upon the expiration of his terra in this body, he removed
lo Illinois and settied in Knoxville, then the counly-seat
of Knox county, and engaged in mercantile pursuits down
lo 1844. In 1837, soon after his settieraent in Ihis county,
he vvas chosen ils Probate Judge, and fulfilled ils respon
sible duties for nine years, transacting during the same
time -no inconsiderable amount of business as a notary
public. Upon relinquishing his commercial business, in
1844, he resumed the practice of Ihe lavv, associating wilh
Julius Manning, Ihis partnership continuing for seven
years. In 1S52, upon the organizalion of the Peoria &

1-4

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Oquawka Railroad Company, vvhich has since been merged
into Ihe corporation of the Chicago, Buriington & Q.iincy
Railroad, he was elected ils Secretary, and acted in that
capacity two years, his partner, Mr. Manning, during the
same time acting as counsel for the road. Since 1852 Mr.
Hannanian has lived in KnoxviUe, vvhere he has engaged
ill a large and lucrative practice. He has had a lavv office
at Galesburg ever since the removal of ihe county-seat to
that place. He vvas married in March, I-823, to Hannah
Plummer, of Massachusetts, by whora he has had eleven
children, four of whom are now living. Very recently he
wJis elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of Knox county,
and now serves in that capacity. His life has been an un
usually active one, in which both public services and
private pursuits have been closely blended. He is a man
of the most irreproachable character, vvho has been able in
all stations to secure, by his fideUty to the trusts confided
to hira ,and by the able administration of his varied duties,
the highest respect of the coramunilies in which he
h.as resided, and to retain il.

.e^UNNICLIFF, DAMON G., Lawyer, was born in
Herkimer county, Nevv York, August 20lh, 1829.
Plis parents were George Tunnicliff and Marinda
(Tilden) Tunnicliff. His earlier and elemental
education was acquired in the counlry schools of
his native place. In 1849 he decided to emi
grate to the West, and travelled, accordingly, to Illinois,
there settiing in Vermont, Fulton county. During a brief
period of his residence in this place, he was engaged in
mercantile pursuits. Resolving, sub-sequently, to embrace
the legal profession, he entered the Law office of Blackwell
& W.alker, prominent practitioners of Rushville, Schuyler
county, one of whora, the latter, soon afterward was elected
and has ever since occupied a seat on Ihe Supreme bench ;
and, under the able supervision of those instructors, assidu
ously pursued for a lime his legal studies, until 1853, vvhen
he was admitted to the bar. He did not, however, cease
to be a student because he had obtained his license ; but
Mr. Blackwell being then on the point of repioval lo
Chicago, he accorapanied hira there. Mr. Blackwell (sub
sequentiy author of " Blackwell on Tax Titles) soon
formed a copartnership wilh Hon. Corydon Beckwith
(who a few years later occupied for a few years a seat on
the Supreme bench), and under these gentlemen he pur
sued his studies wdlh great industry until 1854, vvhen he
established himself in Macomb, McDonough county, and
there, associated vvith Cyrus Walker, one of the ablest
leading practitioners then resident in the Stale, engaged in
the active practice of his profession. At the conclusion of
the fifth year thus occupied, he dissolved his connection
with his associate and practised alone. A few years after
ward he connected with him Asa A. Matteson, with whom

counlry.

he continued in association during the following ten years ;
at the expiration of that time he again dissolved his part
nership connection and resumed his practice alone. On
one occasion he vvas tendered a Circuit judgeship, but
being ineligible according to the Constitution, on account
of his age, he vvas obliged to decline the preferred honor.
Endowed with natural abilities of a high order, a thorough
course of professional training has admirably developed
and expanded them, and he ranks with the leaders of tiie
bar in McDonough county, Illinois. He was married in
January, 1855, to Mary E. Bailey, daughter of Colonel
Bailey, of Mactjrab; her demise occurring in 1865, in 1868
he vvas again raarried to Sarah A. Bacon, of Illinois.

LOCKI, WILLIAM F., Druggist and Pharmacist,
was born, December Sth, 1842, in Poland. His
father, F. W. Blocki, vvas an extensive Polish
land-owner and agriculturist, whose emigration
with his family, in 1850, to Anierica was
prompted by the political outbreaks in his own
The faraUy settled in Sheboygan, Wisconsin.
The early instruction of his son, William F., was privately
conducted in Poland, and subsequently, vvhile in the com
mon and high schools of Wisconsin, he acquired a very
substantial education, which has been constantly iraproved
by comprehensive courses of reading and by the study of
the sciences, especially that of chemistry. In 1859 he
entered as an apprentice to the drug business vvith Gale
Brothers, of Chicago, and here commenced under Ihe most
favorable auspices Ihe study of pharmacy, both theoretically
and practically, and in a short lime became accomplished
and exceedingly skilful in the preparation of medicines.
In 1866 the firm was reorganized, and he was admitted as
a member, the house changing its name from Gale Brothers
lo Gale & Blocki. He has been an influential raember of
the Philadelphia Pharmaceutical .Society since 1863, and
one of the most active members of the Chicago College of
Pharmacy ever since its organization. In 187 1 the firm of
Gale & Blocki was burned out during vvhat has passed into
history as the Great Fire ; but its large business, which was
thus seriously interrupted, was reopened in the west division
ofthe city, 57 West Randolph street, where they conducted
their business until the burned district vvas sufficiently re
constructed to open and furnish a drug store of the first
order in a fine new building, at No. 85 Clark street, in the
spring of 1872. So successful vvas it, by enterprise, pru
dent management and through the reputation it had made
by the skill and care displayed in preparing its compounds,
that within one year a new store, under the Palmer PIou;e,
was opened to accommodate its daily increasing patronage.
Both of these places are beautifully arnanged and fitted,
and completely slocked, and are without any superiors in
Ihe city. Mr. Blocki has two brothers in the same business.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

125

(wholesale), Messrs. J. and E. W. Blocki. In addition to
his pressing business engagements, he finds time to attend
to his duties as a member of the Committee ofthe Chicago
College of Pharmacy, having in charge the publication of
The Pharmacist, the organ of that association. During the
late war he served for a lime wilh a regiment of volunteers
from Illinois. He is a gentleman of fine culture, of irre
proachable character, thoroughly skilled in the science of
pharmacy, and has by his business as well as fine social quali
ties achieved an honorable position in Ihe community. He
was raarried, on March nth, 1868, lo Emily HaUeck, of
New York city, and has three children, who are named
Marion, William Gale, and Kate Raiworth Blocki.

ICKEY, T. LYLE, Lawyer and Judge, was born
in Bourbon county, Kentucky, October 2d, 1811,
of Scotch-Irish ancestry, who had settled in
South Carolina, then moved to Virginia, and
thence to Kentucky. His grandfather was a
meraber of Marion's cavalry, and served through
the Revolution. His father vvas Rev. James PI. L>ickey,
and his mother's maiden name Mary Depew. The family
moved to Ross county, Ohio, vvhen he was bul three years
old. His raother died a year later, and he soon returned
to live with his grandmother on her plantation in Kentucky
most of the time until he grew up. He attended school
both in Ohio and Kentucky, studied Latin and raalhematics
at an academy, and went to college at Ohio University of
Athens, graduating at the Miarai University at Oxford,
Ohio, in 1831. He vvas married December 6lh, 1831,
wdien but twenty years old, to Juliet Evans, daughter of a
subslaritial farmer. He then taught school in Lebanon,
Ohio; the children of Tom Corwin, and a boy who after-
WMi'd became Judge Dunlavy, being among his pupils. He
then raoved to MiUersburg, Bourbon county, Kentucky,
and taught a private school for two years wilh raarked suc
cess, beginning wilh twelve scholars and closing with one
hundred and thirty-five. He moved to Macomb, McDon
ough county, Illinois, in the winter of 1834-35, riding on
horseback with his little child, afterward Mrs. General
Wallace, intending to become a farmer. He there mel
Sirus Walker, an old, intelligent lawyer, who persuaded
him to study law. He vvas admitted to the bar of Illinois
in 1835, at the age of twenty-three, and practised law in
Macomb a year and a half In 1836 he moved to Rush
ville, Illinois, and practised for three years, and at one time
edited a Whig paper. In 1837 he speculated in real estate,
and had realized a degree of success, when the panic of
1837 carae, and he lost all his raeans and was overwhelraed
wdth debt, frora which it took hira twenty years to extricate
hiraself In 1839 he moved to Ottawa, Illinois, and prac
tised law wilh Lorenzo Leland for a year; then wdth one
ofhis own students. In 1846, at the opening of Ihe Mexi

can war, he organized a company of men, of which he was
appoinled Captain, and joined the Ist Regiment of Illinois
¦Volunteers; but after considerable service, returned on
account of impaired health. This company was a remark
ably fine body of men, turning out two generals — Wallace
and Morril — in the last war, beside many other officers.
He resuraed his practice, and vvas elected Judge, in 1848,
of the circuit, coraprising twelve counties, filling the posi
tion for four years, when'he resigned and reconiinenced ihe
practice of law. In 1854, being slill under the burden of
debt, he moved to Chicago ancl practised law assiduously
for four years, when he was enabled to pay off his liabili
ties. His vvife died December 3d, 1855. Plis son, Sirus
E. Dickey, who was in partnership with him when the last
war broke out, entered the array, served wilh distinction,
and vvas killed at Banks' defeat on Red river, April 8th,
1864, having the rank of Assistant Adjutanl-Gener.al on
Ransom's staff. Another son is John I. Dickey, Superin
tendent of the Telegraphic Department of the Union Pacific
Railroad, and Assistant Superintendent of the Atlantic and
Pacific Telegraph Company. IIis youngest son, Charles
H., is a merchant al Maui, one of the Sandwich Islands.
In 1857 and 1858 hevvas in partnership in Chicago with
M. R. M. Wallace, afterward Judge, v\ho, vvith General
Wallace, was a student of his. He then returned to Ottawa
and practised law vvith W. H. L. Wallace and his son
Sirus E. Dickey until the war broke out in 1S61, vvhen
both his partners went into the service. After the battle
of Bull Run he raised a regiment of cavalry, got authority
to appoint all his own officers, and in less than forty days
had his regiraent, containing 1 200 men, one of Ihe best
ever put into the field, ready for service. Taking along
his youngest son, he entered the field as Colonel of the
regiment, mustered in as the 4lh Illinois Cavalry, and
joined Grant al Cairo in December. In February he went
with Grant up the Tennessee river and helped capture
Fort Henry; led in Ihe advance on Fort Donelson, and
was at the battie of Shiloh with both sons and his son-in-
law. General Wallace, who was there killed. In the
advance on Corinth his cavalry was attached to General
Sherman's command till afier Corinth vvas taken. About
June 1st, 1862, he vvas appointed Chief of Cavalry on
Grant's staff, and sent to Memphis in command of that
post. In July he returned to Corinth and vvas wdlh Grant
during the suraraer, took part in Ihe baUle of luka, and in
October was sent lo Washington lo procure .additional
arras for Grant's cavalry. On his return all the cavalry of
Grant's army was organized into a division of five brigades,
and he was placed in coram.and of the division. When
Peraberton retreated frora Tallahassee, he pursued his rear,
fighting steadily for four days far in advance of his sup
ports. Soon after he look 600 selected men and raade the
first extensive raid into the enemy's country through a
region alive wdth rebels, returning wdlhout the loss of a
man. In 1863 he resigned and returned to Ottawa to his

126

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

(9=J

profession, in partnership vvith John B. Rice, for four years.
In 1866 he was Deraocratic candidate for Congress for the
State at large, and canvassed wilh General Logan upon the
Republican plan of reconstruction, his being the first open
.speech by a Deraocrat on that subject. In the fall of 1867
he was sent to Washington as comraissioner with General
Hurlburt to secure appropriations to widen the Illinois &
Michigan Canal lo a ship channel, but without success. In
1868, being in Washington, the position of Assistant
Attorney-General of the United Slates vvas tendered him,
vvhich he accepted and filled for a year and a half when he
resigned and spent the winler in Florida. In 1870 he re
turned North and married Mrs. Hirst, of Princess Anne,
Maryland, August 8th, 1870. Then he returned to Ottawa
and practised law for three years as member of Ihe firm of
Dickey, Boyle & Richolson. December, 1873, he moved
lo Chicago, practising law wdth Hon. B. G. Caulfield until
August, 1874, when he vvas by the Mayor appointed coun
sel to the corporation of Chicago, which position he now
holds.

"ORWIN, HON. FRANKLIN, Member of Con
gress, was born January I2th, 1818, in Lebanon,
Warren county, Ohio. His falher was Matthias
''' Corwin, Jr., a lawyer, and a brother of the
faraous Tora Corwin of Ohio. His falher died
when he himself was bul five years old, and at
his dealh Franklin went to live with this uncle, of whose
faraily he became an inmate until he reached manhood.
He attended an excellent private school from early youth
until he attained his eighteenth year. He then went into a
printing office, where he worked for one year. At nine
teen he commenced studying law^ wilh his uncle, and al
twenty-one was admitted lo the bar of Ohio, and became a
partner wilh his uncle in that profession in the town of
Lebanon. lie was married in 1839 lo Rebecca Jane Hib-
ben, of Wilmington, Ohio. In 1841 he moved to Wilming
ton, where he continued the practice of law for several
years, being connected in business wdth his uncle, after
which he practised alone until 1850, when his heallh failed.
During these years he was for one term Prosecuting At
torney for Clinton county, and member of the Ohio Legis
lature ibr several years; being Representative in the Forty-
fifth, and Senator in the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh
General Assemblies. In 1850 he abandoned law and was
chosen President of the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanes
ville Railroad, then just begun. He remained such until a
few months after ils corapletion, in 1856, when he resigned,
after having given il his entire lirae and energy. In 1857
he raoved to the neighborhood of Peru, Illinois, and entered
upon the raanageraent of an extensive farm. He continued
a farmer for twelve years; but during diese years he again
becarae active in the political arena, and was elected thrice
over lo the Illinois Legislature; serving six years as Repre

sentative during the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, and
Twenty-sixth General Assemblies, and for four years of this
period as Speaker of the House. He raoved into Peru,
Illinois, in 1868. In 1872 he was elected Meraber of Con
gress frora the Seventh Congressional District of Illinois,
which position he filled for two years, living with his family
in Washington. In addition to his other labors, he has
twice served in an editorial capacity — in Ollawa, Illinois,
and WUmington, Ohio. He is a raan of great worlh of
character, and occupies a high position in the esteem of a
wdde circle of friends.

ULLER, OLIVER FRANKLIN, w.as born in
Sherman, F'airfield county, Connecticut, October
19th, 1829. His falher was Revilo Fuller, a
tanner. His mother's narae was Caroline E,
Plankerford. Before .the great fire Mr. Fuller
had in his house a written genealogy of the
family, proving it to be direct descendants of the Fullers
known lo have been part of the company landing here in
the " Mayflower." He first attended district school at
horae; then, at fifteen, went to clerk for an .apolhecaiy in
Peekskill, New York. He remained five years wdlh him,
when he started a drug store for himself in company wilh a
Mr. Dain. He continued to run this slore about two years ;
but his heallh had declined, and he was thought lo be on
the verge of the grave. He sold out to his forraer em
ployer, travelled a while, and about a year afterward went
to New York city, where he kept a set of books for six
raonlhs. In February, 1852, he moved lo Chicago, Ihough
slill weak, and started a drug business, combining bolh
retail and wholesale branches, in connection wdlh Myron
P. Roberts, under the firm-name of Fuller & Roberts, At
the end of two years the partnership was dissolved, and Mr.
Fuller continued the business alone for two years. The
retail department was only continued about three years.
He next took into partnership Charles E. Perkins and
Edward B. Finch, under the firm-name of O. F. Fuller &
Co. In 1858 Mr. Perkins retired from the concern, but
the firm-name reniained until 1859, vvhen their store was
burned out. They immediately started again under the
name of Fuller & Finch. In 1862 they took another Mr.
Fuller into partnership, and the firm became Fuller, Finch
& Fuller. In 1871 Mr. Finch retired from the firra, and
Ihe business has since been conducted under Ihe present
firra-name of Fuller & FuUer. Mr. Fuller was raarried in
Peekskill, New York, Noveraber gth, 1858, to Phebe Ann
.Shipley, of Peekskill. When he arrived in Chicago the
city numbered about 35,000, and iheir first year's business,
of $52,000, was considered a good one. It has steadily
increased from that day lo this, being now about one and a
quarter millions a year. In 1864, wdien goods were al war
prices, they sold $2,000,000 worth of goods, Ihough hand
ling fewer goods then thjin now. Their business is Ihe

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

1^7

largest of its kind in Chicago. He is an honorary member
of the Chicago Pharmaceutical Association. Although his
house was burned in the great fire of 1871, his store and
business was not burned out, and it was the only wholesale
establishment, of any kind whatever, that was left standing
in the whole city of Chicago. Il is almost needless lo say
that Mr. Fuller acquired at the West sound health, vvhich
enabled him lo labor early and late in the building up of
his vast business. He is now the oldest wdiolesale drug
gist in the city, being the only one slill in the business who

f cCLELLAND, MILO ADAMS, M. D., was born
January 28lh, 1837, in Beaver county, Pennsylva
nia, being the son of Thomas and Esther (Wilson)
McClelland, both natives of Pennsylvania, vvho
removed West and located near Evansville, in
southern Indiana, when he was six years of
age. Subsequently they changed their residence lo Living
ston county, Illinois. He was prepared for college at
Beloit, Wisconsin, but was prevented from attaining the
honors of an academic career. In 1862-63 ^^ applied the
few hours at his leisure, after the daily labors incident to
farming were over, to the study of medicine, and in the last
year was enrolled as a matriculant of Rush Medical College,
Chicago, in which he took one course. By unusual dili
gence, and by the aid of a talent peculiarly fitted for that
study, he made rapid progress in acquiring a sound theo
retical knowdedge ofthe science of niedicine, and upon the
conclusion of his first course of lectures comraenced prac
tice in Knox county, Illinois, associating wdth Dr. Samuel
Wilson. In a short lirae, so rapid and lucrative was his
advance in the profession, he purchased the property and
good-will of his associate and continued his constantly en
larging career at Hermon, in the lower section of Knox
county. Here he remained eighteen months and then re
paired to New York to more thoroughly acquaint himself
with Ihe various branches of his profession, and in March,
1867, graduated with credit from Bellevue Medical College.
Returning to Illinois he located at Knoxville, where he has
practised ever since. In 1868 he was chosen County Phy
sician, and ha3 served in this capacity up to the present
time. He is the medical attendant at St. Mary's College,
in Knoxville, and delivers at this institution lectures on
physiology. He is a raeraber of the State and American
Medical Associations, and also pf the Miliiary Tract Medi
cal Society, and has contributed many treatises on subjects
of iraportance to the profession, which are characterized not
alone by depth of research but by forras and suggestions
which in practice have secured raost favorable results. In
1872 he submitted to the Military Tract Medical Society a
paper on " Civil Malpriictice," which was so important in
its revelations as to become widely circulated, both through

the columns of the medical journals of Ihe State and in
book form. Ils stateraents and ils recomraendations re
ceived the earnest indorsement ofthe newspaper and medical
press, and of the profession generally. It was a clear and fori
cible treatise on the liabilities of practising physicians under
the civil law. Pie is now preparing a more elaborate and ex
haustive vvork on the same topic, to which he wdll append
chapters on Prognosis in Fractures and on the rights and
duties of Ihe medical expert. He is raaking a thorough study
of medical jurisprudence at his leisure moments, and all the
important results of his inveslig.alions in the science of
medicine, and the science of lavv as applied to it, will be
embodied in the forthcoming volume. Pie has been ap
pointed lo make a special rejiort to the Stale Medical So
ciety on medical jurisprudence at its next regular meeting.
He vvas for a term President ofthe Military Tract Medical
Society, and in his valedictory upon vacating that position
delivered an address on " Medicine, Past and Present," in
which he advocated strongly the claims of present medical
practice. His inaugural thesis, presented lo Ihe facully of
Bellevue Plospital Medical College, New York, in 1867,
contains an elaborate and coraplete discussion of the his
tory, symptoms, causes and treatment of erysipelas. He
has written a paper upon " The Philosophy of Creation as
manifest in the Structure of Animals," and another upon
" The Influence of the Body upon the Mind," in which he
has shown that diseased mental manifestations depend
largely upon diseased bodily conditions. Dr. McClelland
has attained a leading and influential position as a practi
tioner in the West. In 1865 he was raarried to Louisa J.
Bowman, of Penn.sylvania, who is still living.

IROTH, HENRY, Chemist and Pharraacisl, was
born in Posen, Prussia, September, 1839. He
is a son of August and Augusta (Goerll) Birolh,
of Prussia. His education was acquired in the
Real schools of his native place, the fortified capi
tal of the Grand Duchy of Posen, on the Warta.
Upon the completion of his course of studies he came to
this country in the fall of 1857, and established himself in
Chicago, Illinois, entering the employ of F. Mahla, a prora
inent and respected chemist of that city. He remained
thus occupied until Ihe breaking out of Ihe civil conflict,
vvhen, in 1861, he entered the service of the United Stales
as Hospital Steward for a terra of three raonths. At the ex
piration of that terra, during which he was noted for his effi
ciency and thorough knowledge of the details connected wdth
his office, he returned to Chicago, and became engrossed in
business established and conducted solely on his own account.
In Ihis, the manufacture and preparation of chemicals, etc.,
he has since continued, meeting wdth great and merited
success. Pie has been Vice-President of the Chicago Col
lege of Pharmacy, and at the present time is Corresponding

128

BIOGRAPHICAL

Secretaiy for that institution. He is admirably endowed
wilh the facully of putting lo practical uses his superior
knowledge of the general principles and special rainulise
of his profession, and is constantly engaged in working out
theoretical problems, and from them evolving and deducing
valuable facts tending to ihe advanceraent of science and
progress. In this connection he exhibits a liberality and
disinterestedness toward his professional brethren, in mak
ing known to them the details of his investigations and
raethod of practical manipulation, seldom met with in a
manufacturer. In addition to his other many labors, he
contributes frequently to the current Uterature of the profes
sion, and his essays are invariably marked by an instructive
and practical character. As a pharmacist he enjoys the
confidence and high esteera of the raedical fraternity ; as a
s'iilful and energetic scientist, he is, in the particular
branches to which he especially devotes his lirae and atten
tion, unsurpassed. He vvas -raarried in 1862 to Elizabetii
Ashman, I'ormerly a resident of Switzerland.

'^ '^4'LDREDCE, GEORGE S., Lawyer .and Judge,
was born in Hamilton, Madison county. New
York, June 22d, 1826. Plis father, James B.
Eldredge, was Ukewise a lawyer and judge. He
attended the academic department of vvhat is now
Madison University, and at tiie age of nineteen
began the study of law in the office of Bashford & Ketchum
in Clyde, New York, which he continued there and in his
father's office for a period of four years. He was adraitted
to the bar of the Stale in 1848. He then becarae partner
wilh Judge Ketchum of Clyde in lavv business for about
three years, and was afterward partner with his father in the
practice of law in Hamilton until 1855. He was married
May 14th, 1S55, to Maria Moseley of Hamilton. In Ihe fall
of the s.ame year he raoved lo Peru, Illinois, and continued
in Ihe practice of lavv with Judge Chumasero until i860,
and aftei'ward alone untU 1872, when he removed to
Ottawa, Illinois, and opened the practice of law with E.
N. Lewds. In 1875 this partnership was dissolved, Mr,
Eldredge still continuing in his profession. He is now
Attorney for the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad. He
acquired the title of Judge frora filling that position for a
period in the Recorder's Court at Peru. He was a member
of the Constitutional Convention of Illinois of 1869-70.
In Ihe winter of 1869 he was a member of the convention
called at Peoria to further iraproveraenls upon the Illinois
river. Pie becarae Chairman of the convention, and was
largely instrumental in effecting the passage of the law pro
viding for the construction of the dam at Heniy, and con
templating thorough iraproveraent in the navigation of the
river. The Judge is a man of strong convictions, positive
assertion, and great abUily in legal matters, and has done
good service for the county in vvhich he resides.

ENCYCLOPEDIA. <'i^S ^"UDD, HERBERT, M. D., was born December i8lh,
1844, in Franklin, New York, his parents being
Alonzo B. and Julia (While) Judd. His early
education was very thorough. Afier a common
school course he went through all the grades at
Franklin Academy 'and Delaware Literary Insti
tute. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Al
bert E. SuUard, reading the text-books vvith that gentleman
for two years, and enjoying the advantages of a practical
illustration of the principles involved in the medical scienee.
Leaving the office of this able practitioner, he went to Al
bany and studied two years vvith Drs. Freeman and Craig,
and during that tirae entered, as a raatriculant, the Albany
Medical College, from which he graduated in 1867. In the
following spring he settled in Galesburg, Illinois, com
menced practice there, and has continued it with unvarying
success up to the present lime. His thorough training,
combining as it did the very best forms of theoiy and prac
tice, effectually prepared him for a career of great efficiency
as a physician, and ihough .slUl a young man coraparatively,
he has taken a position in Ihe front rank of medical prac
titioners in this country. He is unusually expert in delect
ing the causes and in determining the effects of diseases,
and the success of a physician's practice mainly turns upon
his skill in making these discoveries. He is a member of
the Military Tract Medical Society, and has acted as its
Secretary since the second year of ils organization. This
society is of physicians practising in the counties of Knox,
Warren, Henderson, McDonough, Mercer, Henry, Beaver,
and Stark of the State of Illinois, and among its merabers
are enrolled the ablest raen of the profession. Dr. Judd
was married May 13th, 1S72, to Mary S. Slater, of Gales-
bura

PvCPIER, WILLIAM R., Lawyer, was born in
New York city. New York, April I31h, 1817.
His parents were Richard P. Archer, forraerly
engaged in raercantile pursuits, and Jane (Alcock)
Archer, a native of Ireland. His prelirainary
education vvas acquired at Flushing, Long Island,
whence he removed to New Y'ork city, and under the super
vision of John L. Lawrence prepared himself for the legal
profession. At the termination of the allotted period of
probation, he passed his examination and was adrailted lo
Ihe New York liar, February 23d, 1838. Reraoving sub
sequentiy lo Pittsfield, Illinois, he was there admitted to
the bar in August of the sarae year. He then commenced
Ihe active practice of his profession, and rapidly acquired
an extensive clientage. In 1847 'le was a meraber of the
Constitutional Convention from Pike county, and while
acting in that capacity evinced the possession of sterling
qualities. He was also elected Clerk of the Circuit Court
and Recorder for Pike county, an office which he occupied
for a term of four years. In 1861 he was elected a member

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

129

of the Illinois Legislature, representing the counties of
Pike and Brown. In l86g he was elected to the Constitu
tional Convention which convened in 1870, and in 1872
was elected lo the State Senate from the Thirty-eighth Dis
trict, comprising Pike, Scott and Calhoun counties. Slill
occupying the latter position, his performance of its respon
sible functions is characterized by energy aud ability, and
the interests of his constituents have been faithfully fostered
by him in many effective ways. A talented practitioner aud
one acquainted thoroughly wilh the many shifting currents
and undercurrents of political life, his course both as lawyer
and official has never been sullied by a doubtful or dishon
orable action. In all that relates to the social welfare and
political advancement of his adopted Slate and county he is
an earnest worker ; and bolh in a private and public ca
pacity has exerlerl hiraself ably in aiding to secure their ad
vancement and improvement. He was raarried February
ISl, 1838, to Ann Maria Smith, daughter of Jonas Smith, a
former resident of Long Island, New York. She died
Seplember 26lh, l85g, with issue of seven children, five of
whora are now living. He was again married, Deceraber
I5lh, i860, to Henrietta E. Sergeant, daughter of Colonel
Aaron Sergeant, of New \*ork city, and by her he has had
one child, who is still living.

'RIMBLE, CAIRO D., Clerk of the Supreme
Court, was born in WUraington, Clinton county,
Ohio, July 1 8th, i82g. His father, Matthew
Trimble, was a farraer, and Cairo assisted hira
upon the farra. He attended the coraraon schools
of the vicinity until fourteen years old, when the
family removed lo Princeton, IlUnois. He then entered
ihe High School, and afterward took a scientific course at
Eureka College, in Woodford county, Illinois. Wilh failing
health he returned home in 1853, and after a time entered
upon the profession of teaching, in which he was engaged
until March 26th, 1856, vvhen he was married to Clara A,
Dwight of Belchei'town, Ma.ssachusetts, Thereupon he
engaged in farming, opening a new farm on the prairie in
B jreau county, and continuing upon it until the close of i860.
In December, i860, he received the appointment of Deputy
Clerk of the Circuit Court of Bureau county, and soon
after entered the field of politics. In November, 1865, he
was elected Clerk of the County Court of Ihat county, and
served a term of four years. In the fall of i860 he assisted
in the organization of a printing and publishing company,
which laid the foundations of the Bureau County Herald,
a distinctively Republican journal, of vvhich he is still a
stockholder. During his residence in Princeton he was for
several years connected with the Board of Directors of the
Union Schools, and also discharged several other public
trusts of varied importance. In 1872 he was elected Clerk
of the Supreme Court for the Northern Grand Division of
Illinois for a term of six years. The previous incumbent
17

resigning before the expiration of his term, Mr. Trimble was
appointed by the court also lo fill the vacancy. He entered
the duties of his office in February, 1873, ^"'i removed to
Ottawa, where the office of this division is located, in the
succeeding fall. He is known in northern Illinois as a firm
adherent of the Republican party, and in connection with
it received his political preferment, and incidentally the
foundation of his success in life.

EMPSTEAD, PION. EDWARD, Ljiwyer, first
Delegate to Congress from the western side of
the Mississippi river, representing Missouri Ter
ritory from 1811-1814, was born in New London,
Connecticut. His father was Stephen Hemp
stead, the celebrated Revolutionary patriot re
ferred to in the article on Charles S, Hempstead. In early
life he received a classical education under the able pre
ceptorship of Rev. Araos Basset, a gentleraan of piety and
learning, ill the town of Hebron, Connecticut. Subse
quently, upon attaining his eighteenth year, he began the
study of law under the instruction of Sylvester Gilbert,
and finished under Enoch Huntington, bolh of Connecticut,
and was licensed in 1801. " The raost .appalling period of
a young raan's life had now arrived. The narrowness of
fortune had been sufficiently fell while at school, and while
in the studies of the lavv, but in these situations his expenses
were not so great, and individual exertions contributed to
the fund which a parent could spare. But in entering upon
the practice of the lavv additional expenses vvere incurred,
auxiliary labors became incompatible, and yet for some
years the young practitioner had seen but little chance of
deriving support from his practice. People are unwilling
lo trust hira with business until he has shown hiraself cap
able, and he cannot show himself until he shall do busi
ness." Of difficulties of Ihis nature he had primarily a
large share, but far from sinking under thera, he seemed but
to gain additional strength and buoyancy. Ina year's practice
in Middlesex, Connecticut, and two years' practice at New
port, Rhode Island, he had secured a fair position at the
bar, had acquired a remunerative practice, and won the
esteem of raany of the older practitioners. While at the
latler place he became associated in a law partnership vvith
Plon. Asher Robbins, a distinguished member of the Rhode
Island bar, and subsequently one of the Senators of that
State in Congress. Upon the acquisition by our govern
ment, from France of the v.a5t possessions included in the
province of Louisiana, he decided to reraove to the new
counlry, confident that there was lo be found a wider and
greater field for the profitable exercise of skill and energy.
Upon this resolution he acted with such promptitude Ihat
before the close of July, 1804, he vvas at Vincennes, where
he becarae acquainted wdlh Governor William PI, Harrison,
temporarily controlling the newly-acquired province as an

13°

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

appendjige to the government of Indiana, who appointed
him to sevenal important local positions. Upon the ar
rival of General Wilkinson as Governor of Upper Louisiana,
the appointments he had held vvere resigned, in this acting
in accordance wilh his belief that they could not wilh
honor be retained. He thought he saw in the civil govern
ment of the General the sarae predilection for absolute
authority, and the same expectation of passive obedience
in the civil department which prevailed in Ihe miliiary, and
to this he could not bring himself to give subraission.
Differing radically from the General on many important
points, and choosing to preserve his independence and avoid
coUisions, he resigned his appointments accordingly, and
closely followed his profession as a lawyer. He settled
finally at St. Louis, and entered at once into an extensive
and successful practice of law in the counties of Upper
Louisiana, adjacent lo St. Louis, and in the counties of the
"Illinois country," on the Mississippi river, opposite. In
1812, when the Territory of Louisiana was admitted to the
grade of territorial governraent and became entitled to a
delegate in Congress, it vvas justly considered a most honor
able distinction to be the first delegate frora the west bank
of the Mississippi, and he was selected by his fellow-citizens
to fill that position. He served ably through one term of
two years, and having obtained the passage of various laws
of the first importance for the adjustment of land claims,
and for the defence of the exposed posts of Missouri Terri
tory, he declined a re-eleclion and resumed his professional
occupation. While acting in that capacity he evinced the
possession of sterling talents, and, by the vigorous ahd con
stant exercise of his abilities, elicited the highest encoraiuras
from every quarter. He afterwards showed his disposition
to be- useful lo his counlry by accepting inferior stations,
after having voluntarily retired from the highest which the
votes ofhis fellow-citizens could confer upon him. During
the war which followed he went out wilh several expeditions
lo protect the frontiers frora the hostile Indians, and after
wards served in the General Assembly of the Territory, of
which he was elected Speaker in the popular branch. Soon
.after his settlement in .St. Louis, he married into one of the
most respectable farailies of Ihe place, but left no surviving
issue. His private life was an exaraple of all that is de
sirable in the character of husband, falher, son and brother.
No sooner had he established him.self in Missouri than he
brought to the nevv home his aged parents, and extended
to his brothers and sisters assistance of a most kindly and
liberal nature. In 1817, when in the flower oflife and the
fuU tide of usefulness and fame, when his fellow-citizens
were counting upon his further services in the approaching
establishraent of a State governraent in Missouri, his life
was suddenly terrainated by a fatal illness. Pie died
August lolh, and on the ensuing I3lh was interred. " The
most nuraerous concourse ever seen in our counlry upon such
an occasion followed his remains to the grave, and the spon
taneous feeling expressed by all showed that the public fell

that the country had sustained an irreparable loss in the
dealh of such a citizen.'' His death was the result of
an accident, which occurred vvhile he was assisting his
friend, Hon. John Scott, of Genevieve, then a candidate for
Congressional honors, in a campaign ; he fell from his horse
and received a severe injury, whose after effects vvere incur
able and fatal.

li^WANNELL, WILLIAM G., Banker, was bcrn
in Lincolnshire, England, October nth, 1823.
His parents were John Swannell, a dry-goods
merchant of London, and Temperance Gordon.
Leaving his country he came to the United States
in 1848, traveUed westward, and settled finally
in Momence, Kankakee county, Illinois, where he engaged
in mercantile pursuils. In 1855 he removed to Kankakee,
and there established himself in the drug business, con
tinuing thus occupied until i86g. In 1870 he organized
the banking firm of Swannell & Ennis — known as the
" Commercial Bank of .Swannell & Ennis." His time and
attention are now devoted entirely to his banking interests,
vvhich are in a thriving and prosperous condition ; and both
he and his associate possess the esteem and confidence of
the general coraraunity. His business, primarily established
on a firra basis, is conducted with skill and care, and the
management of his financial enterprises is characterized by
prudence and foresight. In all that relates to the well-
being and advancement of his adopted Slate and country
he is an earnest co-worker, and in many ways has con
tributed effectively to their prosperity. For two years, 1863
and 1864, he was Mayor of the town, and while acting in
that capacity gave general satisfaction to his fellow-citizens.
He was married in 1856 lo Laura A. Bristol, a former
resident of New York Stale.

-"¦ATON, HON. JOHN DEAN, LL. D., Ex-Chief-
Juslice of the Supreme Court of the Stale of
Illinois, was born in Monroe, Orange county.
New York, March iglh, 1812. His grandfather,
who had at one time been connected with the
British .army, settled in Maryland prior lo die
Revolution, and at the uprising of the colonies .against the
raother counlry two of his sons, one of wdiora was Robert,
left home and joined the Federal army. Robert was then
but fourteen years of age, and he and his brother served
throughout the war of the Revolution, and vvhen their army
corps was disbanded on the banks of- the Hudson, they
settled upon farms in the neighborhood. Robert became
not only a farmer, but a Quaker preacher. Pie was thrice
married, and sixteen children were born lo hira, all of
whom grew to maturity. He died vvhen John Dean, his
fifteenth child, and twelfth son, was but three years old.
After his death his faniily removed lo Paris, Oneida county.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

13!

New York, where John Dean, at the age of five, cora
raenced attending the public schools of the district. When
nine years old he went to Chenango county lo follow agri
cultural pursuits, but in a few weeks returned home and
began farming in the vicinity to help his mother. He
worked industriously throughout the spring and summer
months, and became a regular and earnest attendant of the
winter schools. When sixteen years of age his family re
moved to Utica, New York, where he entered an academy
and pursued its studies for one year, acquiring a very sub
stantial education, mainly by his constant self-application.
When seventeen he taught school for a tirae in Geneva,
New York, receiving ^lo per month, and then returned to
farm labors near Utica. The ensuing winter he taught at a
place called Chuckery, receiving $14 per month, then the
highest compensation paid lo teachers. Wilh the desire of
amplifying his slore of knowledge, he entered, vvhen nine
teen, Ihe Grosvenor High School, in Rome, New York,
associating in his studies wilh Hon. N. B. Judd and Hon.
Anson Miller, vvho subsequentiy becarae, like himself, so
prominent in the history of the seulement and progress of
Illinois. He studied surveying, and obtained such practi
cal skill in this profession as to find eraployraent in the
county and thus to support hiraself Upon leaving school
he commenced to read law with Beardsley & Matterson,
having vvhen fifteen years of age had his ambition directed
to the profession of the lavv, in which he subsequently so
eminently distinguished himself, by reading in one of the
papers of that clay a speech delivered by Benton in Con
gress. It was in fact the first profound and eloquent argu
raent he had ever read, and he aspired to possess that depth
of thought and legal knowledge vvhich rendered Benton so
conspicuous in the debates of the National Congress. After
•studying wilh Beardsley & Matterson for one year hc
studied with Mr. Barnes, of Rorae, finding Mr. Judd, his
old school associate, reading under the same preceptor, and
after remaining a year in -tiie office of that lawyer studied a
few raonlhs with J. II. Collins, at Vernon, Oneida county.
On the Ist of May, 1833, he st.arted West with his younger
brother, finding a place for hini at Ann Arbor, and continu
ing his own journey farther into the interior of Michigan.
While thus toiling on he for the first lime learned of the
existence of Chicago, and decided upon going thither,
reaching it after a weary journey, and finding it a place
with but two hundred souls wdlhin ils limits. Here, under
what appeared the most unpromising circumstances, he
coraraenced the practice of his profession. At first the
want of other accommodations corapelled hira to receive
and hear, and advise his clients on a log, or dry-goods box,
or upon the river bank. Wilh the exception of one gentle
man, who had 25receded him by only a few days, he was
the first resident lawyer who ever brought a case into the
Court of Record of Cook county. He soon after raade a
tedious journey of three hundred railes on horseback to
Greenville, Illinois, where he was admitted lo Ihe bar of

that State. The exposure to which ne was subject, while
en route to this place through unbroken forests and un
settled prairies, prostrated him with a severe illness from
which he did not recover until the close of the year. Early
in January, 1834, having regained his heallh, he conducted
the first United Slates post coach that ever went through to
Ollawa, and reached its destination in safety. He was in
reality the only man then lo be found who had been over
the ground and knew the way. On this trip he fell in wilh
his old law preceptor, Mr. Collins, who had migrated West
lo become a farraer, and had been sadly beset by continued
misfortune. Physically he was in a sad plight, the severity
of the winter and his exposure having laid him up wilh
badly frozen feet. Mr. Caton brought him to Chicago, and
supported and cared for him until his strength was fully
restored, and then forraed wilh him a law partnership
which vvas continued until July, 1835, when Mr. Calon
went to New Hartford, near Utica, New York, where he
was married on the 2gth of the same month to Laura
Adelaide Sherrill of that place. Pie returned wdlh his vvife
lo Chicago by way of the lakes, having taken passage on
Ihe first trip of the " Queen Charlotte," a vessel which had
been captured by Perry from the British in the War of 1812,
was sunk in the harbor of Erie, and had been recently
raised and repaired. He resumed his law practice, which
he continued alone until 1836, when, by letter, he invited
Mr. Judd, his early school-mate, to come to Chicago and
enter into partnership vvith hira. This proposition was
accepted, the copartnership was formed, and it continued
until l83g, when Mr. Calon, having been emaciated by the
raost continuous and arduous labors, reraoved to Plainfield,
Illinois. He purchased near this place a farra of fifteen
hundred acres, and for a nuraber of years was bolh lawyer
and agriculturalist. This dual profession worked beneficially.
Il kept hira in a practice which was daily growing in impor
tance, and it gave him that manual labor which was so
rauch needed to give hira robust heallh aud strength. In
1842, when only thirty years of age, he was appoinled by
Governor Carlin as Judge of the Suprerae Court ot the Stale
for the winter terra. There were nine of these judges,
each holding a Circuit Court in. the suramer, and all to
gether constituting in the winter a general Supreme Court,
His circuit embraced twelve counties, including La Salle
county, and at Ottawa, the counly-seat of that county, he
look up his residence imraediately after his appoinlraent.
In Ihe following spring, having filled the unexpired terra
to vvhich Ihe Governor had appointed hira, he vvas a candi
date for Ihe sarae position, but .was defeated by reason of
the prevalent irapression ihat he was too young for the office.
Hovvever, the position soon becarae vacant by Ihe dealh of
his successful opponent before the people, and he was ap
poinled by Governor Ford to fill it. Pie was re-elected by
the Legislalure for the succeeding terra, and served as
Judge of the Suprerae Court of the State until 1849, when
the nevv Constitution abolished the court of nine judges, and

132

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA,

created one of three judges, who were to be elected by the
people. At the ensuing election he was chosen for the Su
preme Bench, his coadjutors being Judges TrurabuU and
Treat, and under the new organic lavv they were not to hold
circuit courts. He drew by lot the six years' term, and dur
ing the last three months of this period, by seniority of com-
raFssion, he held the position of Chief-Justice. In 1855 his
term expired, and he was re-elected to the same bench, and
in 1858, by the resignation of Chief-Justice Scales, he again
became Chief- Justice, and continued in that distinguished
capacity until 1864, when he resigned. For neariy twenty-
two years he served the Slate in its highest judicial tribunal.
In 1850 he studied the art of telegraphy, became soon a
practical and skilful operator, constructed subsequently the
Illinois and Mississippi lines, and bought up Ihe territorial
rights which they afterwards covered. In 1867 he rented
by perpetual lease these lines to the Western Union Tele
graph Corapany. For several years he raaintained at
Ottawa an establishment for the manufacture of telegraphic
instruments, which he also sold to the Western Union Com
pany. In i860 he became the President of the Illinois
Starch Factory, at OlIaAva, and raised that establishment to
a condition of the most flourishing prosperity. He is in
addition President and chief owner of an extensive and
profitable glass factory in the sarae place. He still owns
and raanages a farra of nearly fourteen hundred acres at
Plainfield, and under his careful supervision it has becorae
one of the finest in Will county. Attached lo his fine resi
dence at Ottawa is a large farm, and a beautiful park, alto
gether coraprising about one hundred and thirty-five acres,
in which he keeps about seventy-five deer, coraprising
every species known to North Araerica. Here he has also
successfully domesticated Ihe American wild turkey. In
1864 he retired from the practice of the legal profession,
and in 1865 made an extensive European lour, travelling
through England, Scotland, France, and Italy, and upon
his return in 1866, wilh the desire of fully understanding
the immensity of his own counlry, he travelled several years
through it, going into every section, and visiting Ihe Pacific
Coast three limes. He visited Cuba, and again made his
vvay lo Europe, going through Norway, Sweden, and Den
mark, and stopping for a tirae iri Hararaerfest, the most
northern town in the vvorld. Ever since his attaining man
hood he has been inspired with a desire for constant study,
contracting early a habit of reading, which comprised all
that was useful and festhelic in literature. His varied
tastes and occupations gave a very wide range lo his studies,
and enabled him lo secure a fund of practical information
which very few men have been happy in possessing. He
vvas a thorough agriculturalist, a natural mechanician, an
able financier, and one of the raost distinguished jurists
who ever graced the bench. The lale President Lincoln,
during a period of twenty years, practised under him while
he was a Judge of the Supreme Court. His constant re
search and study, aided by a talent peculiarly framed for

such an occupation, made him profound in his knowledge
of the law. He earned a high reputation by his forensic
efforts as a lawyer, but it was as a judge, whose mind was
unsusceptible of impure bias, that he won his distinction,
Plis process of reasoning was deliberate, uninvolved, and
conclusive, and his decisions are models in their composi
tion, in the perspicuity of their logic, and in their sound
interpretation of the law. In addition to all these varied
pursuits which have given such a wdde range to his talents
and activily, he is an author, and has published valuable
papers on the " Origin of the Prairies," on the "American
Deer," and on the " Last of the Illinois Indians," which
give evidence of much research. In Deceraber, 1862, he
wrote to the Hon, Horatio Seyraour a letier on Ihe "Posi
tion and Policy of the Democratic Party," which was the
subject of very general comment. He has delivered m.any
addresses, but those which are most memorable are his re
marks upon his retirement frora the Supreme Bench of
IlUnois, and his address on behalf of the Western alumni,
at the presentation of Perry H, Smith Library Hall to the
trustees of Hamilton College, both of which were subse
quently published. In 1874 he purchased a house in
Chicago, where he passes his winters, living at Ollawa in
the summer time. He recently issued a volume of travels,
entitled "A Summer in Norway," and is now preparing an
exhaustive work on the American Cervus. There is per
haps no man in Illinois whose varied labors, bolh in civil
and official capacities, have secured a more general appreci
ation on the part of the public. He stands in the highest
estimation. His name, which has become a synonym for
true nobility of manhood, is known not only in his own Slate,
but throughout the Northwest. The growth has been co
existent with the growth of Illinois, and ils splendid enter
prises, its expanding infiuence, and its substantial prosperity
are in no small degree due to the public spirit, the rare
talent, and the magnetic power of John Dean Caton.

¦(^ ENDALL, MILO, Lawyer, was born in Waterford,
:'% Vermont, April isl, 1819, his falher being a well-
known farraer of that section. His opportunities
for education were only those afforded by a
counlry school. When eighteen years of age he
pursued an acaderaic course. In 1842 he com
menced Ihe study of law, finishing his preparations for the
profession under the preceptorship of Thomas Bartlett, of
Lindon, Verraont. He moved to Knoxville, Illinois, in
1845, ^"<:i •'¦' th^ same year was admitted to the Illinois bar.
In 1846 he .settled in Princeton, and establi-shed a practice
which became both large and profitable, and in which he
has been ever since engaged. Pie vvas raarried in 1848 to
Miss Orpha Ide, of Sl. Lawrence county. New York. In
1847 he forraed a law partnership wilh George O. Ide, his
wife's nephew, whi^h continued for fourteen years. He

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

133

then practised alone until 1873, when he became associated
wilh Owen G. Lovejoy, oldest son of Rev. Owen Lovejoy
of Princeton. At one lime Mr. Kendall was a director of
the public schools. He is President of the Town Council
of Princeton, and Allorney for the Chicago, Burlington &
Quincy Railroad Company, having acted in the last-named
capacity for twenty years. He is a man of fine legal abil
ities, and is highly respected by his fellow-citizens.

RMSTRONG, HON. GEORGE WASHING
TON, Farmer and Legislator, was born in Lick
ing county, Ohio, December nth, 1813. His
father, Joseph Armstrong, was a man of business
ability, being engaged in wagon-building, store-
keeping, the manufacture of woollens, and farm
ing. His mother's maiden name was Elsie Slrawn, sister
of the well-known " cattle king," Jacob Strawn. The
family was a large one, containing six sons, who grew to
manhood ; and of the six, three — Perry, John, and George
Washington — have represented districts in the Illinois
Legislature. This son was put at vvork in the woollen fac
tory as soon as he could hold a bobbin, and never attended
school anywhere for a single terra ; his education being
entirely such as he has been able to pick up in the spare
moments of a busy, hard-working Ufe. In 1831, being
then in his eighteenth year, he weni, wilh part of the
family and his uncle Jacob, into the wilderness of La .Salle
county, Illinois, to vvhat is now South Ottawa, and opened
a new farm, to vvhich Ihe rest of the family afterward fol
lowed them. In 1833, when Ihe Black Hawk war broke
out, he joined the troops and did garrison duly at Ottawa.
He was raarried, March lolh, 1835, to Annie Green, of
Morgan county, and raoved to the township of Brookfield,
La Salle county, and opened a new farra and put up the
first building in the town. It was just at this tirae, when
he had no roof to cover him, and vvas sleeping with his
laborers under the trees, that the famous meteoric display
of November 13th, 1833, occurred, and he witnessed ils
full beauty and grandeur. In 1837 he built a saw-raUl
near Morris, in Grundy county. He then went farther
down on the line of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, and
worked four years upon it, breaking the first soil and put
ting up the first shanty on the ground where Utica now
stands. He then sold out and returned to his farm. In
1844 he was elected to the Legislature. In 1847 was a
Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and in 1848 vvas
an unsuccessful candidate for Congress, as he was again in
1858. In 1870 he was elected a meraber of the Legisla
ture, and was afterward twice re-elected. He has been for
twenty years on the County Board of Supervisors, and for
fourteen years Chairraan of the Board ; also Supervisor of
Brookfield, and School Trustee; for eleven years President
of the Morris Bridge Company, and is now President of the

Bridge Company of Seneca. He has a faraily of nine
children, including seven sons, two of whom served
through the last war wilh credit. Pie is a man greatly re
spected throughout his county.

ALKER, GEORGE ELMORE, Surveyor and
Capitalist, was born near Nashville, Tennessee,
November gth, 1803, his falher being David
Walker, a physician. He had very slight educa
tional advantages. In 181 2 the family moved lo
St. Clair county, Illinois, and when but len
years old he began lo drive a stage which passed through
that county, continuing at it for a while. He afterward
studied surveying, and becarae Deputy United States Sur
veyor, foUowdng this vocation through Illinois, Mississippi,
Missouri, and Alabama. In company with ex-Governor
Reynolds, he constructed the first railroad ever buUt in
Illinois, which had wooden rails, running back a few miles
from East St. Louis. About 1836 he speculated in real
estate in Chicago, but soon after his connection wdlh Ihe
railroad rendered hira insolvent, and he deeded away his
lands and returned to Ottawa, Illinois, whilher his parents
had reraoved in 1825, and where he also had at tiraes tera-
porarily resided. In 1836 he was married to Margaret
Thomas. He then entered into a general mercantile busi
ness at Ottawa, having part of the lime in partnership
William Hickling, Esq., and conducting business very suc
cessfully until 1855, when he retired from mercantile life.
Pie had previously invested his spare means in Chicago.
He then sold out there, and in i860 started a fine large
fruit farm in Cobden, Union county, Illinois, wilh great
success. In 1869 he removed lo Chicago, where he re
mained managing his ovvn private property until his death,
which occurred November 14th, 1874. He was engaged in
the Black Plawdc war, acted as Government interpreter,
speaking seven different Indian dialects, and being a man
of rare discreticn and shrewdness. He was Ihe first Sheriff
ever elected in La Salle county, was once Mayor of Ottawa,
and died at Ihe ripe age of seventy-one, leaving a large for
tune, including the Oriental Block in Chicago, which he
had constructed. But Iwo of his large family of chUdren
remain to mourn his loss — Mr. A. Evans Walker and Mrs.
M. A. Coleman. His meraory is cherished in bolh of ihe
cities where he so long resided.

LLEN, EDWIN CUTLER, Banker, was born in
Rochester, New York, Noveraber 21st, 1820.
His falher, Asa K. Allen, was an architect and
builder. Edwin Cutier attended the city schools
until fifteen years old, when the faraily raoved lo
Ypsilanii, Michigan, wdien, he entered the drug
store of a brother who was a physician. After reraaining

134

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

there for. a time he entered the Bank of Ypsilanii as TeUer,
in 1837. The bank was closed in 1839, and he went to
Chicago to assist the Receiver in winding up the affairs of
the bank. In 1840 he returned to Ypsilanii and became
Book-keeper and Cashier of the large milling and mer
chandise house of Norris & FoUelt of that city. In 1845
he vvas married to Mary C. Charapion, daughter of Salmon
Ch.ampion, a prominent business man and an old settier of
Ypsilanti. In 1848 he moved lo AUen's Grove, Wiscbn-
sin, and engaged in mercantile Ufe for four years. From
thence he moved to Peru, lUinoi- where he was Cashier
of the Illinois River Bank, and vvas afterward Ihe first
Cashier of the Bank of Peru, holding ihis office untU 1856.
He then removed to Ottawa, Illinois, and became a partner
in the organizafion of ihe banking house of Eames, Allen &
Co., of Ollawa, which vvas afterward organized under the
State law as the City Bank of Eames, Allen & Co., and
again reorganized under the national banking system as the
National City Bank of Ottawa, during aU which time until
the present he has been connected with il. This is one of
the oldest banks in the courty and in the State. From
1868 to 1871 he was a raember of the extensive grocery
house of Day, Allen, & Co., of Chicago, and during this
time resided there. Pie then returned to Ollawa, and re
suming active connection wilh the bank, was chosen its
Vice-President, which position he still holds. He was,
previous to his residence in Chicago, Treasurer of the city
of Ottawa, and upon his return vvas re-elected, and still
continues to act as .such. He is also one of the Directors
and Secretary and Treasurer of the Illinois River Bridge
Corapany, of Ottawa. Pie was one of the original Direc
tors and the first Treasurer of the Ollawa Hotel Corapany,
which built Ihe Clifton Hotel, one of the best houses in the
Northwest; and in Ihe city where he has for so many years
resided bears a high reputation for integrity, as indicated
by the positions he has filled.

AILEY, HON. JOSEPH MEAD, A. M., Lawyer,
was born in Middlebury, Wyoming county. New
York, June 22d, 1833. His parents are Aaron
Bailey, formerly engaged in farming and agricul
tural pursuits, and Maria (Brannan) Bailey. On
the maternal side he is a direct descendant ofthe
" Mayflower " Pilgrims, and on bolh sides of the house is of
New England extraction. Plis eariier and preliminary
education was acquired at Ihe Middlebury Academy, frora
wdiich he was transferred, in 1851, to the University of
Rochester, New York. There he completed a course of
study in the higher branches of learning, and graduating,
took successively, in 1854 and 1857, the degrees of B. A.
and A. M. Deciding to erabrace the legal profession, he
comraenced the study of law under the supervision and
able guidance of E. A. Hopkins, of Rochester, and, upon

the termination of his .allotted course of probation with that
preceptor, was admitted to Ihe bar in November, 1855.
Believing Ihat in the West was to be found a wider and
less encumbered field for the profitable exercise of skill and
energy, he removed to Illinois, and settled at Freeport in
1856. There he entered iramediately upon the active
practice of his profession, and rapidly secured an extensive
and reraunerative clientage, which has been constantly in
creasing bolh in proportions and character down to the
present time. From 1866 to 1869 he was a member of the
Illinois Legislalure, and, whUe acting in that capacity,
evinced the possession of talents and acquirements of no
mean order. He is attorney for the Araerican Insurance
Company of Chicago, and also for the Illinois Central
Railroad Company. To a profound knowledge of the legal
science, he joins the general culture derived from a varied
and extended course of reading. Skilful in the presentation .
of the most involved or the barest facts, forcible in his man
ner of dealing with difficult and entangling subjects, accur
ate in his perceptions of the true bearings of a case, he
takes an enviable position ainong the more prominent prac
titioners of the bar of Freeport, and is a valued and in
fluential member of the legal fraternity, and also of the
large community amid which he is honored as an upright
and an useful citizen. He was married, in 1859, to Anna
Olin, a former resident of Perry Centre, Wyoming county.
New York.

yARD, CHESTER, M. D., Physician and Surgeon,
was born in Mount Morris, Livingston county,
Nevv York, February 8tii, 1827. His father,
Peter Nichols Plard, a man of culture and liberal
education, was for many years ^ teacher, and
afterward devoted his attention to farming, which
occupation he intended to have his sons follow : bul out
of the five boys four becarae physicians. Chester received
raost of his education in Michigan and in Illinois, having
removed at an early age to the former State, and in 1844
lo St. Charles, Illinois, wdiere he commenced the study of
niedicine under Ihe instruction of his brother. Professor
Nichols Hard, M. D. The next year he moved with his
brother lo Aurora, Illinois, and continued his medical
studies, and at Ihe same time attended a classical school to
complete his study of the languages. In 1847 and '48 he
completed his raedical studies by attending two courses of
lectures in the Indiana Medical College, and received his
degree of Doctor in Medicine from that institution ; imme
diately after wdiich he entered upon the practice of medicine
in Aurora, in coinpany wdth his brother, the Professor, con
tinuing Ihere for two years. In 1850 he was married in
Aurora to Amanda S, King of that place, and removed lo
Ollawa, Illinois, vvhere he opened the practice of raedicine,
in which he ha'S been actively engaged ever since. And
during this lime many young physicians, now settled in the

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

135

surrounding counlry, received uneir instruction in his office.
In 1852 he received an ad eundem degree from the Medical
Departraent of the University of Missouri. He became a
member of the American Medical Association in 1858, and
in 1862 was appointed one of the examining surgeons of
the United States Pension Department, and still acts in
that capacity. He is also one of the trustees of the Ottawa
Academy of Science, and has been President of the City
Board of Education and Chairman of the Republican Con
gressional Coinniillee for his district. In March last vvith
his wife he celebrated a joyous silver wedding, surrounded
by raany of Ihe friends of Iheir youlh and early struggles in
life. The doctor is a man useful also in the church. Super
intendent of the Sunday-school, and esteemed throughout
the city.

JVER, REUBEN FREDSON, M. D., Physician
and Surgeon, was born in Strong, Franklin
county, Maine, January 2gth, 1833. His falher,
Moses Dyer, vvas a farmer. He attended first
the comraon district school, and then fitted for
college at an academy in Farmington, Maine.
He did not, however, enter college, but at the age of
eighteen went into Ihe office of a physician in Farmington
and began the study of medicine, remaining vvith hira three
years. In 1853 he went to Cincinnati and entered the
American Medical CoUege, where he took two full courses
and graduated in 1855. Pie then went to Newark, Ken
dall county, Illinois, where he opened an office and prac
tised till 1861. He was married July 2gth, 1857, in Acton,
Massachusetts, to Susanna A. Goodrich. In 1861 he en
tered the army as Captain of Company K, 20th Illinoisi
and served a year, and then entered the 104111 Illinois as
Surgeon, and served 'through the entire war in the v.arious
duties of brigade, division and corps surgeon, organizing
several hospitals, having charge of thera, and was with
Sherman on his March to the Sea. At the close of the
war he moved to Ottawa, Illinois, and opened a medical
practice, in which he has been engaged ever since. He
was chief magistrate of Newark for one term ; has been
Examining Surgeon for various insurance corapanies; raem
ber of the Board of Education of Ottawa ; Coroner of La
Salle county for one term ; and a contributor to the medical
journals ofthe day.

jV ANBORN, DAVID, President of Ihe Second Na
tional Bank of Galesburg, Illinois, was born in
Windham county, Vermont, in 1813. His ele-
mentaiy education was acquired in his native
State, whence he subsequently removed to Phila
delphia, where he remained for a biief period.
In 1837 he came to Illinois, and was engaged in farming
and agricultural pursuits until 1851. At Ihat dale he moved

to Galesburg, and there until 1857 was engrossed in mer
cantile business. Pie then became General Agent for Il
linois for the Hartford Insurance Company, and was thus
employed for about four years. In 1862 he vvas made As
sistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fifth District,
During 1850, 1851, 1852 and 1853 he represented Peoria
county in the Legislature, and while performing the func
tions of that office evinced the possession of sterling quali
ties. Upon Ihe organization in May, 1864, of the Second
National Bank of Galesburg, he was appoinled its President,
and has since held that responsible position in this thriving
and prosperous institution. He is one of the trustees of
the Lombard University of Galesburg, and acts also as the
Treasurer of that establishraent. Entirely a self-made man,
he has, by the exercise of a high order of ability, won the
confidence and esteem of a large section of the norlhwest.
Pie vvas married in 1840 to Sophia Ramsey, a former resi
dent of Vermont. <

ROWNING, HON. .ORVILLE IL, Ex-Secretary
ofthe Interior, United Stales, was born February
lolh, 1806, in Harrison counly, Kenlucky, his
parents being Micajah and Sallie (Brown)
Browning, bolh of whora were natives of Vir
ginia, Leaving horae when nineteen years of
age, he went to Augusta, Bracken county, Kentucky, and
as deputy entered the office of John Payne, then the clerk
ofthe circuit and county courts. For four years he served
in this capacity, and during this period gave satisfactory
evidence of that executive capacity which in later years
vvas to be tested in higher and more responsible stations.
He attended college in Augusta during Ihe latter half of his
terra as deputy, and by faithful application obtained a coni-
prehen.sive and practical education, which was constantly
iraproved in after years by reading and meditation. Leav
ing Augusta upon the expiralion of his service as court
officer, he went to Cynthiana, Kenlucky, and commenced
lo read law with Colonel W. Erown. In February, 1831,
he was licensed to practice, and in the foUowirg March he
removed to Quincy, Illinois, where he entered upon the
practice of his chosen profession. The care he displayed
in the preparation ofhis cases and his fidelity to his clients,
combined vvith his fine qualifications as an advocate at the
bar, soon secured to him not only a very large and remu
nerative patronage but a wide reputation as an active and
thoroughly read lawyer. In 1836 he was elected to repre
sent Adams county, Illinois, in Ihe Slate Senate, and served
in this capacity four years. He took a deep interest in all
the legislation during Ihat period, and distinguished him
self by his efforts to stem the tide of special enactments
which were constantly proposed for the benefit of corpora
tions. He eloquentiy and persistently combated Ihe bill
establishing a " Slate Internal Iraproveraent Systeni," which
was eventually adopted, and, as lirae has shown, to the pre-

136

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

judice of some of the most important interests in the Com
monwealth. In the session of December, 1836, he intro
duced the bills which authorized the removal of the State
Capital from Vandalia to Springfield, and the founding of a
Deaf and Dumb Asylura at Jacksonville. Upon the expi
ralion of his term he declined a re-election, which was urged
by his constituents. Subsequently, however, he consented
to run as a candidate for the lower House of the Legisla
ture, was elected, and served two years. In 1843 he be
carae the candidate of the Whig parly for Congress, but was
defeated by a sniall majority by tiis opponent, who was none
other than the late Stephen A. Douglas. During these
years of political agitation he continued his legal practice
at Quincy, acquiring ample means and enlarging his repu
tation as a skilful barrister. Upon the death of Mr. Doug
las in 1861, Governor Yates appoinled hira to fill the
vacant seat from Illinois in the United Stales Senate, and
he took his seat in that body in July, l86l, during a special
session which had been called by Ihe late President Lincoln.
Upon the conclusion of this important representative service,
he formed a law partnership vvith the Hon. Thoraas Ewing
of Ohio, opening an office in Washington for the purpose of
practising in the Supreme Court of the United States. This
firm association was maintained until Mr. Browning was
called by the late ex-President Johnson to his cabinet, as
Secretary of the Departraent of the Interior, in 1 866.
President Lincoln had tendered hira sorae years before the
portfolio of this responsible station, but the offer was de
clined by him on account of the great pressure of his private
business. In March, 1868, while Secretary of llie Interior,
he was appoinled Attorney-General ad interim, when th.al
office vvas resigned by Mr. Slansberry in order to participate
in Ihe defence of President Johnson, vvhen impeached be
fore the Senate for violations of the Constitution. He ful
filled the duties of these offices vvith great distinction until
July 20lh, 1868, when the plon. William M. Evarts vvas
appointed Attorney-General of the United States. At the
close of President Johnson's adrainistration he retired frora
the cabinet, returned to Quincy, Illinois, and resuraed his
legal practice at that place, which he has continued ever
since. He vvas very prorainent in the political changes
which ensued upon the passage of the " Nebraska Bill,"
and the disruption of the old Whig parly, and was a leading
raeraber of the convention which vvas called in Illinois for
the organizalion of a new alliance which, discarding dead
issues, could fairly corabat those graver ones which the pe
culiar institutions of the South and the anti-slavery opinions
of the North had developed. This convention vvas held at
Bloomington, and consisted raaiijly of dissatisfied Whigs
and abolitionists. Jt was a work of iraraense labor and
great difficulty to harraonize the conflicting elements repre
sented in this body, and to prepare a platform upon which
all could unite. In this important task Mr. Browning was
conspicuous, his arguments and suggestions receiving the

place.

deepest attention. His draft of the new platform was ac
cepted, and upon this declaration of principles by the new
party Bissell and Wood were triumphantly elected as Gov
ernor and Lieutenant-Governor of IlUnois. This victory
was the initiative of the great series of Slate and national
successes of the RepubUcan organizalion which followed.
Mr. Browning is now engaged in a very large civil practice,
and lives in the enjoyment of a happy home circle, sharing
with ils merabers the popular esteera for hiraself which is
the reward ofhis great public services. In February, 1836,
he was married to Eliza Caldwell, daughter of Major
Robert Caldwell, of Richmond, Kentucky.

ITCPIELL, JAMES, Banker, Real Estate Operator,
etc., was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylva
nia, in 1810. His parents were James A. Mitchell,
a raajor in the war of 1812, and Mary (Scroggs)
Mitchell. His earlier education vvas acquired in
the neighboring common schools of his native
Thence he removediii 1827 to the vicinity of the
Galena Lead Mines, Illinois. He was an active and a
prominent participant in the Black Hawk Indian War of
1832 and 1833, and throughout that conflict perforraed
valiant and efficient service. In 1838 he returned to Rock
ford and was appointed Clerk ofthe Circuit Court of Winne
bago county. In 1842 he vvas appointed Canal Commis
sioner by Governor Ford, and served in this capacity during
the ensuing two years. In 1846 he was given the appoint
ment of Agent for Mineral Lands — lead mines — for collect
ing dues, selling land, etc. This position he held until its
abolishment in 1848, conducting himself in the interim wilh
rectitude and ability. He subsequently removed to Free-
port, and there became engaged in the real estate business,
ill which he continued until 1852. In the course of the
same year he established the Stephenson County Bank, and
was actively and constantly engaged in connection wilh that
institution until his demise in August, 1874. In all that
concerned the status and welfare, social and political, of his
adopted State and county he ever evinced a warm and
generous interest, and was a valued and energetic co-worker
in all movenients and enterprises having for their end the
increased well-being of the general community amid which
he was an honored and beloved citizen. He was married
in 1838 to Mary Thornton of Kentucky ; again, in 1 843, lo
Mrs. Jaraes W. Stephenson of Galena, Illinois ; and again,
subsequently, to Catharine Clark of Michigan, who survives
him. The last-named lady is the daughter of Robert Clark,
formerly for several years meraber of Congress for the Ter
ritory of Michigan, and sister of General John A. Clark,
Surveyor-General of Utah and New Mexico, under the ad
ministration of Abraham Lincoln.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

'37

|OVEJOY, OWEN, Minister and Congressman, was
born in the town of Albion, Kennebeck counly,
Maine, Januaiy 6lh, 1811. His father, a clergy
man, owned a farm upon which he labored until
his eighteenth year, attending the common dis
trict school for three months of each winter and
for a portion of Ihe sumraer time. He possessed at an
early age a very rare development of muscular power and
agility, and becarae exceedingly fond of athletic sports,
particularly of wrestling, in vvhich he greatly excelled and
usually came off victor. When thrown, he never yielded
the contest, but renewed his challenge until his opponent
was at length overcome and vanquished. He also dis
covered in boyhood that remarkable strength of will and
tenacity of purpose which characterized his entire career.
When he attained his eighteenth year he decided upon
procuring a liberal education ; and as his faniily vvere not
in affluent circumstances he w.as obliged to rely mainly
upon his own efforts, by teaching school and by laboring a
portion of the time upon his father's farm, for the raeans to
defray his expenses. He comraenced his preparatory
studies at an academy in a neighboring town, and in due
time graduated at Bowdoin College. After earning as a
teacher a sum sufficient to raeet the cost of his college
course, in the auturan of 1836 he eraigrated to Alton,
Illinois, where his brother, Elijah Parish Lovejoy, vvas
publishing a religious newspaper. Here he spent a year
in Ihe study of theology, .and was present at the time of his
brother's a.ssassinalion 1 y the mob, on Noveraber 7th, 1837.
After aiding in the preparation of his brother's memoirs for
tiie press, he removed to Princeton and was instaUed as
pastor of the Congregational church in that place. It was,
however, at Alton that he first came in contact with the
slave power, with its vigorous grasp, its relentless cruelty
and ils insatiate deinands. And it was there, while kneel
ing by the reraains of his murdered brother, that he
resolved to consecrate his life to the work of opposing the
gigantic sin of human bondage. Wilh this high resolve,
wdth the blessing of his raother and her injunction never to
falter in the cause he had espoused, he went forth to
preach the great principles of liberty and natural equality
to a people vvho were fast yielding their honor, self-respect
and sacred institutions to the encroachraents of the 'slave
power ; and for a quarter of a century he stood like a rock,
breasting the tide of obloquy, slander and hatred vvhich
were heaped upon him without measure. Wilh rare power
of eloquence, wilh Ihe most engaging raanners and suavity
of address, he might at any time have risen lo Ihe first rank
of political leaders in IlUnois; but his purpose was higher
in philanthropy, and none of the enticements held out to
him allured him frora his chosen path of duty and prin
ciple. With all the bitterness of animosity directed against
him by his enemies, and without a bold support from his
friends, he still never swerved frora a consistent course,
nor failed to attack the institution of slavery on every
18

occasion that was presented. Wilh judgraent and foresight
he adopted at that early day Ihe principle which was sub
sequently a leading feature in the doctrines of the Liberty
party, and to which he always adhered, to wit : that the
Constitution of the Uniled States was an anti-slavery docu
ment, made to preserve liberly, and not to destroy il; and
furthermore, that all that was necessary to obliterate slavery
was to elect officers who would faithfully, wiihout fear or
favor, execute that organic law in strict accord with ils
legitimate meaning and original intent. In 1844 he was
the candidate of the Liberty parly for representative lo
Congress from the district in wdiich he resided, then era-
bracing a large portion of northern Illinois. He spoke in
all Ihe principal cities and towns of that district, clearly
brought the^ sentiraents of the parly before the people,
reraoved the veil frora the atrocities of the slave power and
created a profound impression by his eloquence and logic
wherever he spoke. To his active labors in this and sub
sequent carapaigns Illinois is probably more indebted than
to those of any olher individual for the early promulgation
of the principles of liberty upon which the Republican
parly was founded. In 1847 he was the -Liberty party
candidate for delegate to Ihe Slate Constitutional Conven
tion, and carae wdlhin twenty-six voles of being elected.
In 1854 he was a candidate to Ihe State Legislalure, on
what vvas then called the "Abolition " ticket, and, despite
the formidable opposition brought against hira, he was tri
umphantly elected. Once in his seat, he boldly advocated
the principles of his parly, declared himself an avowed
abolitionist, and very materially helped on the good cause
by his fearless eloquence and consistency lo the doctrines
he had espoused. In the election for United Slates Senator
he voted persistently for Abraham Lincoln, whose defeat at
this session only reserved him for a nobler position. His
new duties, which were all in fulfilraent of the purpose he
originally set out with, corapelled hira to relinquish his
pastorate of the Congregational church- at Princeton, and
his resignation was accepted with great reluctance, and
only accepted because all believed that in a wider sphere
his labors would be more effectual in canying forward the
great reform in which he vvas engaged. In parting wilh
him his people made him a present of a splendid service
of sUver, on one of the pieces of vvhich was engraved:
" Presented lo Owen Lovejoy, the early, steadfast and un-
coraproraising charapion of freedora, at the close of his
labors for a period of seventeen years as pastor of the Con
gregational church at Princeton, Illinois, by his friends, as
a token of Iheir admiration of his talents and of their
undirainished affection and esteem." Upon the opposite
.side was cut : " The Spirit ofthe Lord is upon rae, because
he hath anointed rae lo preach Ihe gospel to the poor; he
hath sent me lo heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliver
ance to Ihe captives, and recovery of sight lo the blind, to
set at liberly Ihem that are bruised, to preach Ihe acceptable
year of the Lord." In 1856, the anti-slavery element

138

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

having been merged in the Republican party, he vvas
brought by his friends before the convention for nomina
tion as the Republican candidate for representative in
Congress ; and, though there was a violent opposition, he
was raade Ihe norainee by a small majority. A convention
of "bolters" was called, consisting largely of the pro-
slavery element brought into the party upon its organiza
tion, and an opposition candidate was selected. Al a mass
meeting held the sarae evening Mr. Lovejoy met his
opponents face lo face, and by his own showing he laid
bare the falsehoods which had been heaped upon him, and
carried the entire asserablage in his favor. In a few hours
his nomination was by the people affirmed at the very spot
where his opponent had been nominated during the d.ay to
defeat hira. This event effectually destroyed all organized
opposition, and he vvas triuraphantly elected by about seven
thousand majority. There were other reforras of the day
in which he took an active interest, and he becarae con
spicuous for his efforts to develop the resources of his
adopted Stale and enrich its people. He engaged in agri
cultural pursuits, rendered necessary by his management
of a large farra, and frequently delivered addresses at
county fairs which never failed to interest and instruct
Ihose who listened. In all his exciting and varied career,
at home, at the State capital and at Washington, he was
incorruptible, making no barter arid sale of his influence
and commanding talent, but willingly lending Ihem where
the ends of justice, of public interest or social interest vvere
concerned. In the canvass of 1856, and the contest be
tween Lincoln and Douglas, in 1858, for Ihe Uniled States
Senatorship, his services were in constant requisition, and
they contributed not a liltie to swell the Republican vole
of that Slate. In the great struggle of i8jo he was early
in the field, and from the raoment of Lincoln's noraination
for the Presidency lo the day of his election he labored,
constantly and vigorously and effectively in the cause of
liberty. His reputation as a convincing logician and as an
eloquent debater had now become so popular that he vvas
daily in the receipt of pressing solicitations from all parts
of the free Stales to address the people. He frequently
sprjke twice a day to immense crowds in all parts of IlUnois,
Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan and New York, every
where arousing an unprecedented enthusiasm and carrying
his audiences by storm. He possessed a raagnelic elo
quence, which thriUed his hearers to the heart whUe it
carried conviction to the head. In i860 the raeetings he
addressed frequentiy nurabered len, fifteen and sometimes
twenty thousand people, who were held spell-bound by his
burning utterances. Pie was an intimate friend and ardent
supporter of Mr. Lincoln, and upon all occasions did all in
his power to nerve the President's arm and lo support the
administration in ils raost trying hour. On the 51h of April
a remarkable scene occurred in Ihe National Plouse of
Represenlatives, when Mr. Lovejoy vindicated the freedora
of speech during a silling of the Coramittee of the Whole

on the State of the Union. For three or four days he had
been sitting quietly listening to a number of Southern
gentlemen vvho had been sketching the lineaments of
polygamy with a free pencil. Now he arose, and, vvith an
eye to artistic harmony, proceeded to paint the beauties of
that other " twin relic of barbarism " — slavery. While
uttering severe philippics against it as a systera, explaining
and enforcing John Wesley's declaration, that it was the
"sum of aU viUanies," Roger A. Pryor rose, walked
rapidly dovvn one of the aisles and confronted him, an
nouncing distinctly that he would not allow him to use
such language. John F. Potter, of Wisconsin, turned
suddenly upon Pryor and said, in substance, " Lovejoy
shall speak! " A scene of intense confusion and excitement
ensued, during which Potter was heard to say to Pryor,
" For eight weeks vve listened to your stuff in .silence, and
now we intend to say what we please. Lovejoy shall
speak ! " An able correspondent of Ihe Nevv York Tribune
spoke of the subsequent proceedings as follows : !' Order
being now partially restored, the House went again into
Committee, and Lovejoy, taking a stand at the clerk's
desk, where he could eye his foes face to face, resumed the
half-finished picture. And never was slavery painted wilh
such damning features before ! He dashed on the colors
till the monster seemed ready to leap Uving from the
canvas. As he grew excited, he pulled off his cravat whUe
he hurled anathemas at the negro propagandists before him
with such vigor that it caused the perspiration to gush from
his brow and theirs. Raising his voice till it rang through
the hall and reverberated along the adjacent passages, he
said : ' You cannot silence us either by threats or by
violence. You murdered my brother on the banks of the
Mississippi more than twenty years ago, and I am here to
day to vindicate his blood and speak my mind ; and you
SHALL hear me ! ' " This speech was the herald of one
important conclusion : that the Northern Republicans had
determined to vindicate their rights in Congress al all
times and at all hazards, regardless of personal violence or
threats of a dissolution of the Lhiion. Some time after the
breaking out of the rebellion, Mr. Lovejoy deUvered a
speech in Nevv York before the Emjincipation League.
He was introduced by William Cullen Biyant, and spoke
for neariy three hours lo an attentive and enlhusiastic
audience. His address vvas replele wilh arguraent, illus
tration, logic and denunciation, and he held the great mass
enchained with the charm of his declamation and the con
vincing power of his words. One paragraph from it will
show the confidence vvhich he felt in the wisdom and fore
sight of Ihe lale President Lincoln : " Let us, then, give
the President a cordial, loyal and sympathizing support.
Never has a President, not even Washington, been beset
wdth so many trials and difficulties .as environ him. The
wonder is, not that he should make mistakes, but that he
should make so few. I no more doubt his anti-slavery
integrity, his ultimate anti-slavery action, than I do my own.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

139

In the words which Webster put into Ihe raouth of the elder
Adaras, ' I see clearly through Ihis day's business.' The
rebellion will be suppressed, and American slavery will be
swept away, and the theory of our Government be a practi
cal and glorious reality. I see the future and regenerated
Republic reposing as a queen aniong the nations of the
earlh, ils flag, after this baptism of blood, having become
the symbol of universal and inipfrtial freedora. There is
not a slaveholder 'to hurt or destroy in all ils Holy Moun
tain,' not a fetter or scourge for the lirab or person of the
innocent. N,ay, I see the whole continent, by a process of
peaceful assimilation, converted into republics like our own.
.... And when I look over Ihat broad, magnificent field
covered wdth teeming life, with ils cities, towns, and farms,
ils workshops, school-houses, and churches, with all the
varied and wonderful developments of science, art, educa
tion, and religion, that follow in the pathway of a free
Christian civilization, as it moves along, majestic and queen
like, leading and guiding the generations onward and
heavenward — then I exclaim ' Long live the Republic !
Let it be perpetual ! But Araerican slavery, vvhich would
blot out that Republic, let it perish ! perish! ! perish ! ! ! ' "
Mr. Lovejoy died at Brooklyn, New York, on RIarch
251h, 1864. In private life he was eminently social
and courteous, and vvas an affectionate and devoted hus
band and father. His long career was one of ceaseless
activity, spent in works of philanthropy which have raised
his name into lasting distinction. As a representative,
in both Stale and national Legislatures, he vvas not only
conscientious in his efforts for the public weal, but was ad
raired by his associates not less for his cornraanding talent
and fearless integrity, than for his affable manners and con
siderate action. To but one systeni was he a deep, a bitter
enemy, and he lived to see that dissolve under a national
effort, which had in no sraall degree been aroused by his
logic and eloquence.

HITE, JOPIN L., M. D., and Professor of Anat
omy, Physiology, and Hygiene, in the Illinois
Wesleyan University, vvas born in Westminster,
Massachusetts, December 5th, 1832; his father
was formeriy the leading physician of that place
for a period of twenty-five years; and in 1850
removed to Watertown, New York, where his demise
occurred in 1868. His ancestry were aniong the earUest
settiers of New England, and he is a lineal descendant,
through six generations, of the imraortal "Mayflower"
Pilgrims. John White emigrated primarily to New Eng
land, and settled in .S.alem, where several of his children
were born ; May ist, 1653, he enrolled his narae among
the first settiers of Lancaster; one of his daughters was
joined in marriage to Rev. Joseph Rowlandson, and,
February lolh, 1675, was taken captive by the hostile
Indians. Her " Removes," being a graphic account of her

captivity, sufferings, and adventures, has been published in
several editions, and is a volurae of a raost interesting
nature. Pie attended the acaderay in Westrainster, Massa
chusetts, for a number of years, and, when in his fourteenth
year, his class entered Dartmouth College. Owing lo im
paired health, however, he vvas corapelled to abandon lera-
porarily his studies, and subsequently was occupied for a
year in working on a farm ; later he resumed the prosecu
tion of his studies for a tirae at the Williston Serainary,
situated at East Hampton, Massachusetts. He then com
raenced the study of raedicine, and, on the completion of
the allolted course, graduated at Harvard Medical College,
in December, 1853. For a year previous to his graduation
he was " Medical House Pupil," at the Massachusetts
General Hospital, at Boston. His heallh having become
impaired by arduous duties in that instilulion, he went
abroad, intending after the lapse of a few months to relurii
and take up his residence permanently in Boston ; an
attack, however, of hemorrhage frora the lungs rendered it
advisable for hira lo go West; accordingly, in Septeraber,
1854, he moved to Jerseyville, Jersey county, IlUnois. In
1859 he removed to Memphis, Tennessee, where he re
mained until the outbreak of the civil war, when he re
turned to Jerseyville, remaining there until March, 1870;
thence he moved to Bloomington, vvhere he forraed a co
partnership wilh Dr. Thoraas F. Worrell, which continued
for a period of Iwo yeais. During the war he held the
position of Surgeon of the Board of Enrolraent of the
Tenth Congressional District of Illinois. In 1873 the
Illinois Wesleyan University, looking forward to Ihe estab
lishraent of a medical department, instituted a Chair of
Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene, and called upon the
McLean County Medical Society to designate one of iheir
number as a suitable person lo fill it ; the choice fell upon
Dr. White, who was immediately appointed, and who con
templates the organization and addition of a raedical
department to this already flourishing institution. For the
past three years, in addition to a large general practice, he
has acted as Surgeon to the Chicago & Alton Railroad
Company, to attend to all cases of accidents occurring lo
passengers and employees, between Chenoa ,on the north,
and Lincoln and Mason City on the south. He was
raarried, February lolh, 1857, to Hallie Hawley, youngest
daughter of Sarauel P. Hawley, of Jerseyville.

^TARR, CHARLES RICHARD, Lawyer, Ex-
Judge of Circuit Court, was born in Cornwallis,
King's county. Nova Scotia, May 15th, 1824.
His father, Charies Starr, vvas a descendant of
Dr. Comfort Starr, who carae from Ashford,
Kent counly, England, in 1633, and settled in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ultimately the Starrs removed
to Connecticut, where their names are enrolled among

140

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

those of the earlier pioneers ana settlers. In about the
year 1760 a branch ofthe Connecticut faraily raoved to
Nova Scolia, and constitute now one of the most numerous
and influential families in that province. His preliminary
education was acquired in his native place, whence he
moved to Portiand, Maine, where, at We»tbrook Academy,
he completed a course of study in the higher branches.
In 1842 he emigrated with his father's faraily to Illinois,
taking up his residence in Will county, where, in 1845, de
ciding to enter the legal profession, he commenced the
study of law. At the expiration of his aUotted term of
study he was admitted to the bar in Grundy county, IlUnois,
in 1849, and soon commenced to practise in Will counly,
Illinois. In 1852 he removed lo Chicago, where, however,
he remained but for a limited period. In the spring of
1853, the counly of Kankakee was formed, and, in the
fall of that year, he reraoved to the new counly, and estab
lished hiraself in the town of Kankakee, the county-seat,
where he has since resided. In March, 1857, he was
elected Judge of the Circuit Court, which judicial office he
held for len consecutive years, during vvhich tirae his per
formance of the functions attached lo that responsible posi
tion was characterized by moderation, learning, and ability ;
the circuit coraprised the counties of Kankakee, Iroquois,
and Livingston. Since the organization of the Republican
parly he has been a staunch and valued adherent, and by
voice and pen has ably and effectively defended and sup
ported ils principles and platforms. At the same lime it is
a noteworthy fact that his election and long continuance on
the bench owed their existence not to the influence exerted
by political partisanship, but to Ihe fact that his professional
rectitude and learning vvere recognized Ihroughoul a large
section of the country in vvhich he resided ; and when
norainated for the judgeship he received the unaniraous
support of all parties, the question of politics being entirely
ignored. In all that concerns the progress and welfare of
his Slate and county he has CNcr manifested an active and
generous interest. He was married in 1853 to Almena M.
Stevens, of Westbrook, Maine.

p BRAMS, ISAAC, Real Estate Operator, was
^'^¦-7 ''°™ '" Radnor township, Delaware county,
Pennsylvania, January 23d, 1809. His parents
were Enoch and Hannah Abraras, and his ances
try traces back, through six generations in Pennsyl
vania, dirsctiy lo Wales, whence they eraigrated.
Pie spent raost of his boyhood on his father's farm, attend
ing the comraon school, the principal advantage beyond
this being a period of six months' private instruction in his
uncle's family. In 1838 he came West and located al
Peru, Illinois, and opening a dry-goods store, continued in
mercantUe business for len years. During this lime he was
often importuned by his friends in Pennsylvania lo assist

thera in dealing in Western lands, and he at length gave
up his business and established a real estate business, in
which he is still engaged. He has probably sold raore
lands in Bureau counly, IlUnois, Ihan any other raan. He
was married, November I4lh, l8__9, to EUen Rittenhouse
Evans, daughter of Benjamin Evans, of Chester counly,
Pennsylvania, grand-niece of David Rillenhouse, of Mont
gomery county, Pennsylvania, the aslronomer. Previous to
the incorporation of Peru as a city, Mr. Abrams was for
several years President of the Board of Trustees for the
borough of Peru. He has been identified vvith ils history
since an early day, and has been prominent in the support
of Christian institutions in the place, enjoying to a high
degree the esteem of his fellow-townsmen.

OSS, JOSEPPI PRESLEY, M. D., was born in
Clark counly, Ohio, January 7th, 1828. His
father, in addition to operating a flour mill, was
interested in agricultural pursuils. While slill in
his infancy, the faraUy of our subject reraoved lo
Miarai counly, Ohio, and, upon attaining the
proper age, Joseph entered the academy at Piqua, Miami
counly, in which institution he pursued the usual course of
studies for a terra of about four years. At the expiralion
of that period he entered for his collegiate course the
Oberlin College of Ohio, and was a student in this institute
of learning for about one year. Subsequently he placed
hiraself under the professional tuition of Dr. G. V. Dorsey,
whose office vvas located at Piqua, and who was wddely
known throughout the Northwest as a learned and skilful
physician. While engaged in reading raedicine under that
able instructor, he attended also, during the wdnlers of
1850, 1851, and 1852, the courses of the Ohio Medical
College in Cincinnati, from vvhich he graduated in the
spring of 1 852. Establishing his office subsequently in St.
Mary's, Auglaize counly, in the western part of the Slate,
he was there occupied in Ihe practice of his profession dur
ing the ensuing year. He then removed to Chicago, Illi
nois, this change of residence occurring in the spring of
1853, and since that lirae has, with the exception of the
winler of 1865-66 — which he speni wilh profit in the hos
pitals of Philadelphia and New York — been incessantiy
occupied in fulfilling the onerous duties attendant upoii a
practice of wdde and growing extent. In 1865, at the dale
of ihe establishment and organization of the Cook Counly
Hospital, he became importantly connected with that insti
tution; being intrusted with the delivery of a course of
clinical lectures on the practice of niedicine, the functions
attached lo vvhich office he has .since performed continuously
and wilh marked ability. In 1867 the Chair of Clinical
Medicine and Diseases of the Chest was created in the
Rush Medical College of Chicago; of this he vvas at once
chosen to lake charge, and down lo the present lime has

"•^^

"7 JM C~ IkiM^'f'"^'

(3/^/^4.^,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

141

occupied it constantly, giving entire satisfaction in his pro
fessional capacity, and evincing the possession of sterling
and needed qualities. In addition to the fulfilment of his
duties as lecturer and physician, he contributes regularly to
the various raedical journals, and is noted for his zealous
and well-directed researches in Ihe several branches of
science, and his valued additions to the store of medical
knowledge. He was married in 1856 lo Elizabeth H.
King, daughter of Tuthill King, one of ihe earlier pioneers
and settlers of Chicago. It may not be amiss to state fur
ther that Dr. Ross is also a devout Christian, and has been
for raany years a respected and loved elder in one of the
leading Presbyterian churches of Chicago.

KjT^ ILCOUR, GENERAL WILLIAM MATHERS,
'** Lawyer and Soldier, vvas born in Curaberland
counly, Pennsylvania, June 12th, 1834. His
parents were Colonel Ezekiel Kilgour, raanufac
turer, and colonel of a railitia regiment in Cura
berland county, and Eliza Graham, daughter of
Judge Graham, of the same county. In 1837 the family
removed to Whiteside county, Illinois, settling in the
neighborhood of Sterling, which has ever since been his
home. He received a common school education, and
shortly after leaving school began the study of the law in
the office of MUes S. Henry, a well-known lawyer of
Sterling. He vvas admitled to the practice of the profes
sion in the 'St.ate courts at Ottawa, Illinois, in 1855, and in
1857, at Chicago, he was adraitted to the practice of the
Federal Courls, and finally, in 1874, at Washington, he re
ceived the entree of the United States Suprerae Court. He
has also becoine prominent as a politician. He was attached
to the old Whig party, and was a representative from his
county in the mass convention held at Blooraington, wdiich
organized Ihe Republican party in Illinois, and nominated
Colonel Bissell for Governor. And when, in 1861, Presi
dent Lincoln went to Washington to a-ssume authority,
WiUiam M. Kilgour was one of about eight hundred Illi
nois men who, of their own accord, went to the Federal
capital as a volunteer body-guard to see that no harm hap
pened lo hira, assassination having been threatened. It is
as a soldier, however, that he has especiaUy raade his
mark. When the call lo arms arose in 1S61, General Kil
gour was among the first lo volunteer, enlisting as a private
in Ihe 13th Illinois Infantry. Upon its organization he was
elected Second Lieutenant, and served with the regiraent
for a year in Missouri, taking part in the skirraishes of Wet
Glaze, Lynn Creek, Springfield, and Salem. He also.
served, during Ihis tirae, as Judge Advocate. In 1862 he
vvas taken sick wilh fever and resigned. He had scarcely
recovered from his illness when more troops were called
for and he volunteered again. He received a coraraission
as Captain in the 751h R.-ginient of Illinois Volunteers, and

when the regiraent was fully organized he vvas proraoted lo
the rank of Major. Very shortly afterwards Ihe regiraent
was engaged in the battle of Perryville, in which he was
wounded, it was thought at the tirae mortally, a ball having
passed right through his body. He recovered, however,
and in August, 1863, rejoined the command just in tirae to
be at the bloody battle of Chickaraauga, and continued to
serve wilh the regiraent until ils rauster out, in July, 1865.
He was in every battle in which il fought frora the lime of
his rejoining il, save that of Culp's Farra, making in all
twenty-seven regular engagements. During a great part of
Ihe Atlanta campaign he was in conimand of the 8olh Illi
nois, and at Pumpkinbine Creek, in Georgia, was under fire
for nine consecutive days. Pie was wounded three limes,
and was Ihree tinies proraoted for services on the field — at
Missionary Ridge, Tennessee; at Atlanta, Georgia; and at
Nashville, Tennessee. The 75lh Regiraent of Illinois In
fantry, under Colonel Kilgour, was Ihe first of Ihe troops
under General Joseph Hooker's coraraand lo charge the
rebel works and drive thera up and off Lookout Mountain,
in the memorable "battle above the clouds" in Tennessee.
He was comraissioned at the close of the war as Colonel in
the United Slates Army, and subsequently was brevetted
Brigadier-General. The record of his military service is
that of nearly every battle fought in the Department of Ihe
Cumberland. In 1867 General Kilgour finally retired
from the array, and recoraraenced the practice of his pro
fession in Sterling, in vvhich he is still (1875) engaged.
Pie was raarried in 1865 to Mary Bell Junkin, daughter of
Judge Junkin, of Perry counly, Pennsylvania.

RICE, OSCAR F., Lawyer, was born in Marion
county, Ohio, in 1836, his parents being Dr.
George Price and Mary (Caris) Price. At twelve
years of age he reraoved wilh his parents to Illi
nois. He entered the University of Michigan,
and after completing the full classical course of
study, graduated in 1S58 wilh great honor. Having also
completed the course in the Law Department of that insti
tution, receiving the degree of LL. B., he was admitted to
the bar of Michigan during the year of his graduation
(i85o). He then returned lo Galesburg, Illinois, where he
coraraenced the practice of his profession, and has continued
it in that place up to, the present tirae. He served four
years wilh the array during Ihe rebellion. In 1870 he was
elected a member of the Twenty-seventh General Assembly
of Illinois, on the Republican ticket, serving one term in
the lower house of the Legislalure of that State, holding the
position of Chairm.an of Ihe Committee on Corporations.
Plis practice as a lawyer has been a general one, although
his attention has been mainly paid to civil cases. He is a
thoroughly read attorney, a keen cross-examiner, and is
clear and logical in his arguments. He has made an esjie-

142

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

cial study of the rights, duties and liabilities of corporations,
and has acted as leading and advising counsel in important
issues betvveen railroad and other companies. He is novv,
and has been since the war, the Attorney for the Chicago,
BuriiniTton & Quincy Railroad Company on the Central
Division. He was raarried in 1862 to Sabrina Lanphere,
daughter of Judge Lanphere, of Galesburg. He is one of
the leading jurists of Illinois, and his large and slill growing
practice has secured lo him the comforts of life. He has
gained the reputation of being an honest and faithful law
yer, and by his integrity and fair dealing has won the con
fidence and esteem of the entire community.

NEC-VR, D.AVID T., Lawyer, was born at MU
ford, Clairmont county, Ohio, February 12th, 1830.
His father, Thoraas Linegar, was a native of New
Jersey, his mother, Hannah Linegar, of Pennsylva
nia. His earlier and elementary education was ac
quired at the neighboring common schools of his
native place, and also in the educational eslablishraenis of
Indiana, to which Slate his parents had removed when he
was about ten years of age. Upon completing his allolted
course of studies, he was engaged in working on the pater
nal farm until he had attained his majority. He then oc
cupied himself in teaching school, and while thus employed,
having resolved to embrace Ihe legal profession, began
reading law, and prosecuted assiduously his legal studies
during the three following years. In 1856 he vvas admitled
to the bar of Indiana, and iraraediately afterward estab
lished the Rockport Republican, whose direction he con
trolled for about one year. He then entered upon the active
practice of the law at Princeton, Indiana, and was there
professionally occupied during the ensuing twelve months.
At the expiration of Ihat time he reraoved to Fairfield, Illi
nois, where he was similarly engaged, and where he re
sided permanently until June, 1861, when, establishing hira
self at Cairo, he rapidly secured an extensive clientage.
Here he has since reniained, the possessor not only of a
wide-spread practice, bul also of the confidence and esteem
of his brelhren at the bar and the community in general.
In i860 he was nominated on the Republican ticket as the
candidate for Congress, put forvvard in opposition to John
A. Logan, then the Democratic norainee, and who ulti
mately was elected. In 1S72 he was chosen Presidential
Elector at large on the Grant and Wilson ticket. Since the
orginizalion of the Republican parly he has alvvays been a
c:)n5islenl, energetic and valued supporter of its principles
and procedures, and iu many ways has been iraportanlly
instrumental in advancing its power and prosperity. Pie is
a leading and influential practitioner of the Cairo bar, and is
noted for his professional skill and learning. In all public
movements he takes an earnest and active part, and at all
tiraes, vvhether acting in a private or a public capacity, has

ever held private interests subservient to the public and
general good. He was married August 24th, 1854, to
Miss Hutchins, formerly a resident of the Slate of Indiana.

HOM PSON, COLONEL RICHARD S., Lawyer,
was born at Cape May Court House, Cape May
county, New Jersey, Deceraber 27th, 1837. His
father, Richard Thorapson, was a prorainent citi
zen of Soulhern New Jersey, an extensive land
owner, and largely interested in vessels engaged
in the coast trade. When fourteen years old he entered Ihe
Norristown Seminary, at Norristown, Pennsylvania, where
he reniained three years, and then was placed under the
private tuition of Rev. A. Scovel, a Presbyterian clergyman
of Bordentown, Nevv Jersey, continuing under his charge
for four years, and receiving in this tirae a comprehensive
and thorough education. Upon the expiralion of this
pupilage, he commenced to read law, at the time continu
ing his literary studies under the direction of Asa I. Fish,
LL. D., of the Philadelphia bar, wddely and popularly
known as the editor of the "American Law Register," " Sel-
wyn's Nisi Prius," " Todd's Practice," " WiUiams on Ex
ecutors,'' and of the newest and best publication of" Troubar
and Plaley's Practice," the only complete digest of English
exchequer reports. These are all works of established and
well-deserved reputation. Under ihe supervision of this
scholarly and profoundly learned barrister he reraained for
two years preparation for practice, and then passed to the
Dane Lavv School of Harvard College, from vvhich he
graduated with distinction in 1S61. Returning lo PhUadel
phia, he spent another year in the office of his preceptor,
Mr. Fish, and in 1862 was adraitted to the bar, having
passed a very creditable exaraination by the Board of Ex
aminers, then presided over by Hon. Eli K. Price. After
his adraission he raade an extensive tour of the counlry,
and inspired with martial ardor by the opening of the civil
war, returned to his native State and raised a company of
soldiers, vvho were attached to the 12th New Jersey Volun
teers, becoraing Captain of Corapany K, which he had re
cruited. While at ElUcotl's MUls he vvas appointed Assist
ant Provost Marshal under General Wool, vvith head-quar
ters at the Mills until his regiraent was ordered to the front.
It was subsequently first attached to the 2d Brigade, 3d Di
vision, 2d Array Corps, then to the 3d Brigade and 2d Divi
sion ofthe same corps, and at the close of the war formed part
of a Provisional Corps. During these changes, however, it
served wilh the Army of the Potomac. Colonel Thompson
participated in all of the hard-fought bailies save for a short
time vvhen absent on detached duty. At Chancellorsville,
when the Union line was hard pressed, several regiments
having given way, and his owm coramander. Colonel Wil-
lelts, having been wounded, he look coraraand of the com
panies which remained and succeeded in sleniming the on-

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

143

slaught until the broken line had fallen back and reformed.
For this gallant service, vvhich saved Ihe line al a moraent
of greatest peril, he was highly coraplimenled. At Gettys
burg his regiment was on the right centre, and successfully
opposed Petligrew's North Carolina Brigade, which formed
the left of Longstreet's charging column. Pie participated
in the hot engagements at Falling Waters, Auburn Mills,
Brislow's Station, Blackburn's Ford, Robeson's Farra, and
at Mine Run, where the fighting lasted three days. In that
series of terrible engagements which marked the progress
of Grant's army towards Richmond, Colonel Thompson's
regiment was conspicuous for its gallantry. At Deep Bottom
he acted as corps officer of the day, and it became his duly
lo hold the lines until the main body of troops under Gen
eral Plancock, who was making a demonstration on the north
side ofthe Jaraes river, had recrossed. This was an impor
tant and dangerous position, as this line was more than four
miles in length and in sorae places scarcely fifty feet from
the enemy's pickets. He, however, succeeded with slight
loss, and received frora Hancock hiraself a personal coiii-
pliment for this service. In a successful charge by his
regiment and others, in the auturan of 1864, to dislodge the
enemy frora a strong position at Ream's Station, he was se
verely wounded by the explosion of a shell. Soon after he
was taken to Philadelphia, where he remained until Decera
ber, and while still on crutches was assigned to duly as
Presideni of a General Court Martial silting in that city.
In this capacity he continued to act until February, 1865,
when,- ascertaining frora his physician that his wounds
would incapacitate him for active .service for a long time, he
¦resigned his commission. The character of the service he
saw may be estimated when it is known that his regiraent
was raustered in with gg2 raen, and vvas mustered out vvith
only g3, and all ofthese bearing honorable wounds. Colonel,
afterward Brigadier-General, Thomas A. Smith, command
ing the brigade, wrote Governor Parker, under date of
March 2d, 1864, as follows: "The majority of Ihe 12th
New Jersey is now vacant. I take pleasure to recomraend
to your notice Captain Richard S. Thompson. He is a
gallant officer and a good disciplinarian. As an executive'
officer he has few equals. His assiduous attention to his
duties has upon several occasions won the highest enco
miums of his superior officers." On January 14th, 1865,
General Hancock asked to have him commissioned as
Colonel in a Veteran Reserve Corps, for his valor at Deep
Bottom and Ream's Station, and President Lincoln indorsed
the recommendation. Colonel Thompson removed to Chi
cago October 24th, 1865, and entered upon the practice of
law. In 1867 he became a member of the firm of Leam
ing & Thompson, which still exists. In l86g he was chosen
a member of the Board of Trustees of Hyde Park, and soon
after was elected its attorney. In 1872 he was nominated
on Ihe Republican ticket as candidate for State Senator
from the Second Illinois District, and was returned by a
handsome majority. His abiUty as a legislator, his keen

knowledge of parliamentary law, his constant advocacy of
all measures for the public weal, his official integrity, have
achieved for hira a repulalion second only to that vvhich he
won upon the battle-field. He is the leading raeraber of the
Senate, a position which he has secured by a fearless per-
formiince of all tiie duties rightly devolving upon him as a
representative of the people. He distinguished himself in
Ihe session of 1875, during the agitation over the repeal of
Ihe Liquor Law, by holding al bay temporary majorities
until a full house was present to decide the issue, and again
in the debate upon the contested election of Senator Mar
shal. He vvas raarried June 7th, 1865, to Catharine S.
Scovel, daughter of Rev. A. Scovel, at that lirae a resident
of Blooraington, Illinois.

^AMPTON, BENJAMIN R., Lawyer and Journal
ist, vva.s born in Warren counly, Ohio, in 1821.
His parents vvere Van Culen Harapton and Eliz
abeth (Randolph) Harapton. His falher was a
forraer resident of New Jersey, his mother vvas
from Ohio. Plis earlier education was acquired
in the coraraon schools of his native place. During his boy
hood he vvas eraployed for sorae tirae in a woollen factoiy.
In 1840 he left his native Stale, and eraigraling lo Illinois,
established hiraself in Macomb, McDonough county. Sub
sequentiy he there entered the law office of Cyrus Walker,
who was noted as one of the raost brilliant and able practi
tioners in the Northwest, and under his supervision pursued
a course of legal studies. Passing the required examination
he was adrailted to the bar in 1843, entering into partner
ship wil'n Pinkney H. Walker, late Chief Justice of the
Suprerae Court of this Stale, and slill a member of that
body. From this date until i860 he was constantly and
actively occupied in the practice of his profession. In the
raean time he became Ihe proprietor of the Macomb Jour
nal, then known as the Macomb Enterprise, and look an
active part in the campaign of 1856, being a warm supporter
of John C. Freraont for President. His interest in that
organ, however, he disposed of in i860, and then engaged
in farraing and agricultural pursuits, which occupied his
tirae exclusively up lo 1865, when he again becarae owner
of the Macomb Enterprise, now known as Ihe Macomb
Journal, and down to the present tirae has continued in
connection with W. IT. Hainline, with whora he associated
hiraselfin 1870 as joint proprietor. In 1870 he was elected
to the Legislature of Illinois as Senator on the Republican
ticket, and in 1872 was re-elected lo that office. In 1870
his senatorial district comprised the counties of McDonough,
Warren, Mercer, and Plenderson. In the election of 187.2,
however, the Stale having been redislricled, his district be
carae liraited lo McDonough and Warren counties only.
In all raatters pertaining to the social .and political status
and welfare of his adopted State and counly, he is an active
and effective agent, and in the halls of the Legislature has

144

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

constantly and ably forwarded the aims and interests of his
constituents. During his first term in the Senate he was
Chairman of the committee vvhich prepared the present
teraperance law of Ihe Slate, and in the second term was
the author of the law giving the people a cheap edition of
the revised statutes ofthe Stale. He was married in 1845
to Angeline E. Hail, formerly a resident of Kentucky.

tlAILEY, REV. JOHN W., D. D., was born March
26lh, 1822, in Marlboro', Ulster county. New
York. On his father's side he was of French
Huguenot descent, the family having been araong
the eariy settlers in New Rochelle, near Nevv
York city. His mother was of Puritan origin,
descended from Rev. Thoraas Hooker, D. D. The pious
instructions of his mother revealed themselves in his char
acter from childhood, and when fourteen years of age he
became a raeraber of the Brainard Presbyterian Church in
the city of New York. He had received a thorough Eng
lish education when, at eighteen years of age, he commenced
the study of law in New York. After two years of law
studies he decided to prepare himself for the gospel minis
try, and placed himself under Ihe instruction of Rev. John
J. Owen, D. D., in order to prepare for college. A year of
diligent study under this erainent classical scholar was fol
lowed by an illness that caused the loss of a year from his
studies. In 1842 he entered Phillip's Academy at Andover,
Ma.ssachusetts, and there received the careful training in
Latin and Greek for which that institution has so long been
erainent. In 1845 ^^ entered Williams College, graduating
in i84g. He then returned to the city of New York, and
spent the next three years in theological studies in Union
Theological Serainary. March loth, 185 1, he niarried-
Calphurnia S. While, of Mount Holly, Verraont. In 1852,
as soon as his theological studies had been corapleted, he
was called to become Pastor of the Second Presbyterian
Church of Galesburg, lUinois. In 1857 he was appointed
Professor of Moral Science in Knox College, having heard
the classes in that departraent during the preceding two
years, in addition to his ministerial labors. At the request
of the trustees of the college he published in l85o a pam
phlet entitied " Knox College — by whom founded and en
dowed." During the year 1863, after the death of Presi
dent Harvey Curtis, D. D., the office of President was filled
by Professor Bailey. He became Pastor of the Second
Presbyterian Church of Bloomington, IlUnois, in the spring
of 1864, where he remained three years. In 1867 he was
appointed by the trustees of " Blackburn Seminary "to ar
range courses of study for a Preparatory Departraent, a Col
lege, and a Theological Seminary. The institution had
been founded by Rev. Gideon Blackburn, D. D., in Car
linville, Illinois. An academy was in Successful operation
. when Professor Bailey was called to organize the institution

in a manner that would fully realize the design of its foun
der. His plans were accepted by the board, and he was
called to the first professorship in the institution he had or
ganized, as " Professor of Theology." The next year he
secured the erection of a large building, and obtained from
the Legislature a change of the name of the institution to
that of " Blackburn University.'' His Alma Mater, Wil
liams College, in 1869 bestowed upon him the honorary de
gree of D. D. In 1 87 1 he was made President of Black
burn University, and under his control that institution has
had a career of prosperity rarely equalled. His duties as
professor and president have required of him the instruction
of classes in mental and moral science, in ancient and
modern philosophy, in systematic theology, in the histoiy
of doctrines, in Church history, in the critical exegesis of
the Greek Testament and of the Hebrew Bible, and in
general and biblical history.

ALLER, FRANCIS B., M. D., was born in Lewis-
town, Pennsylvania, October 13th, 1836. His
paternal ancestors were German Quakers, his
maternal ancestors Scotch-Irish. His parents are
Samuel Haller and Mary Haller, both natives of
Pennsylvania. His academical education was
obtained at the Lewistown Academy, Pennsylvania, whence
he entered the Plillsboro' Academy, Illinois, completing in
the latter institution the course of studies begun in the for
mer. Upon attaining his majority he comraenced the study
of raedicine at HUlsboro', Illinois, primarily with Dr. A.
S. Haskell, and subsequently wilh the late Professor William
H. Herrick of Chicago. He attended two full courses of
lectures at the Rush Medical CoUege, Chicago, during the
wdnler of 1848-49 and that of 1849-50, and in the following
winter of 1850-51 attended the full course of lectures in the
Medical Department ofthe Missouri University, graduating
frora that institution in 1851. He then engaged in the ac
tive practice of his profession at Vandalia, Illinois, and
there, with the exception of the winter of 1864-65, has
since permanently resided. The wdnler referred to was
passed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, vvhere he temporarily
remained in order to attend a course of lectures at the Jef
ferson Medical College, from which he graduated also in
1865. He has always enjoyed a large and lucrative prac
tice, and in his position as leading surgeon of Vandalia and
the surrounding country, has been called upon to attend a
great number of surgical cases requiring delicate and skilful
treatment, and has been remarkably successful in his treat
ment of cases of a most dangerous type. He is a prominent
and valued member of all the leading medical associations,
and officiated formerly as President of the Illinois Stale
Medical Association. He was appointed Exaraining Sur
geon by the Governor of the Slate, and has served in that
capacity with irreproachable fidelity and ability. At the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

145

present time he is Examining Surgeon for United States
pensioners. Formerly an old-line Whig, upon the dissolu
tion of his party he becarae a Republican, and ever since
the organization of that parly has contributed his influence
to its welfare and support, and has been the President of
several associations established to strengthen and perpetuate
its power. He has never sought the offices which he has
filled at various times, and does not care to embroil hiraself
in the turmoil and ceaseless disputations environing a poli
tician's existence. Pie has been prominently identified wilh
everything lending to benefit his town ; is a Director of
the First National Bank of Vandalia ; and a Director of the
Broad Plank Railway Company. He is an influential and
zealous member of Ihe Masonic fraternity, and for nine
years has held the office of Worthy Master. In every sense
ofthe vvord, he is a Christian gentleman, and widely honored
both as man and scholar. He was married in 1856 to Lou
R. Higgins, of Cass county, Illinois.

HAFFER, IION. JOPIN WILSON, Governor
of the Territory of Utah, was born in Union
county, Pennsylvania, July 5lh, 1827. BeUeving
that in the West was to be found a wider field
for his energies, he left his native State about
1846, and connected himself vvith one of the first
parties that crossed the plains, and travelled toward the
Pacific coast. He remained in California during the en
suing two years, and while there was engaged chiefly in
mining and mercantile operations. At the end of that tirae
he reraoved to Freeport, Illinois, vvhere he reniained busied
in business relations of various kinds until the breaking out
ofthe Southern Rebellion in 1861. He then entered the
.service of the United Slates, serving primarily upon the
staff of General John Pope in Missouri. He vvas afterward
sent to serve with General Hunter, then occupied in the
South, and finally became Chief Quartermaster of the De
partment of the Gulf under General Butler. When the
latter officer vvis relieved he followed him into retirement,
still holding his commission. When General Butler was
reinstated, and again placed in command in the Departments
of Virginia and North Carolina, he joined hira and vvas raade
Chief of Staff. This position he held, and filled wilh marked
and brilliant abiUty, until enfeebled by continued ill-health,
superinduced by over- work and much exposure, he was
compelled lo resign. He then again returned to Freeport,
and reraained at his home until Presideni Grant, vvho knew
him vvell as a gallant soldier and efficient administrator,
sent for him, and requested him lo accept Ihe Governorship
of Uta,h, a post of responsibility, even of peril, and one
whose attendant onerous duties he performed wdth fidelity
and inflexible loyalty. Giant needed one upon whom he
could thoroughly and fearlessly rely, and made a most ju
dicious selection, his only error being in overestimating the
19

physical endurance of the candidate. Plis entire fitness for
the place was palpably shown in the character of the meas
ures which he vvas upon the point of making public, when
his health became so delicate as lo prohibit him peremptorily
frora accoraplishing or undertaking further work. Few raen
of his age ever held so high a place in the love, adrairation
and respect of so extensive and varied a circle of friends
and acquaintances. Decided in his political views, and
boldly outspoken in his utterances, he yet possessed the
respect and confidence of his most violent opponents, and
the secret esteem of his bitterest foes. No one has ever
said of hira justly that he was unfair to an adversary, or
lacking in forbearance and generosity ; and upon several
occasions he resisted the most urgent entreaties of the people
ofthe Congressional district in which he resided to become
their representative in Congress; " This importunity last
year, when the Hon. E. B. Washburne accepted the raission
to France, was almost beyond paraUel." He declined
absolutely that nomination, asking his friends to confer the
honor upon the gentleman who now represents the district.
To this request, when it was found that his resolve was not
lo be shaken, and that he earnestiy desired its granting,
was given a prompt and cordial acquiescence. This action
of his friends in supporting the neighbor of his choice he
has mentioned wilh justifiable pride, considering it as a
compUment second only to the tender of the position lo
himself His charities " were never restrained lo anything
like the ordinary proportion to men's means. He gave
more and more openly and kindly than alraost any olher
man of like ability, and his kindness of heart and lack of
caution more than once brought him to the verge of financial
ruin." Throughout his administrative career as Governor
of Utah he deported hiraself with firraness, tact and intrepid
resolve ; and by his unremitting attention to the interests of
the United Stales Governmeni, and his repression of all
that tended to subvert order or redound to the injury of his
loyal and law-abiding fellow-citizens, won a reputation that
carried his name from the Atlantic lo the Pacific slope, and
wherever the name of Ihe Union, one and indivisible, is
-spoken with love and veneration. Hevvas married in 1848
to Mary Jane Straw-bridge, of Galena, Illinois, a woman of
true Christian character and lovable virtues. He died at
Salt Lake City, Utah, of consumption, on the last day of
October, iS/o, in his forty-third year.

OOD, JOHN, ex-Governor of Illinois and the
"first settler'' of Quincy, vvas born in Ihe town
of Sempronius (now Moravia), Cayuga counly,
New York, on December 20lh, 1798. He was
the second child and only son of Dr. Daniel
Wood. Plis mother, Catherine Crause, was of
German parentage, and died while he was an infant. Dr.
Wood vvas a learned and skilful jihysician, of classical at-

145

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

tainraenls and proficient in several raodern languages, who
after serving throughout the Revolutionary war as a surgeon,
settied on the land granted hiin by the government, and
resided there a respected and leading influence in his section
until his death at the ripe age of ninety-two years. John Wood,
impelled by the then pervading spirit of western adventure,
left his home on November 2d, 1818, and passed the sue
ceeding winter in Cincinnati, Ohio. The following sura
mer he pushed on lo Illinois, landing at Shauneetown, and
spent Ihe fall and following winter in Calhoun county. In
1820, in corapany with WiUiard Keyes, he seltied in Pike
county, about thirty raUes southeast of Quincy, and "farraed
it " there for the next two years. In 1821 he visited " the
Bluffs"— as the jiresent site of Quincy was called, then un
inhabited—and, pleased with its prospects, soon after pur
chased a quarter section of land near by, and in ihefollow-
ing fall (1822) erecled near the river a small cabin, eighteen
by twenty feet, the first building in Quincy, of which he then
became the first and for sorae raonths the only occupant.
In 1824 he gave a newspaper notice, as the law then pre
scribed, of his intention to apply to the General Asserably
for Ihe forraation of a new counly. This vvas done the
foUowing winter, resulting in the establishraent of the
present Adaras counly. During the next summer Quincy
was selected as the county seat, it and the vicinity then
containing but four (4) adult male residents and half that
number of females. Since that period Mr. Wood has con
tinuously resided in the home of his early adoption, where
he has been necessarily and prominently identified with
every raeasure of its progress and history, and alraost con
tinuously kept in public positions. He was one of the early
Town Trustees, and before the place became a city ; has
been often a meraber of the City Council ; many tiraes
elected Mayor, in the face of a constant large opjiosition
political raajority; in 1850 was elected to the Slate Senate;
in 1856, on the organization of the Republican party, vvas
chosen Lieutenant-Governor, and on the death of Governor
Bissell in 1859 succeeded to the chief executive chair; vvas
one ofthe five delegates frora Illinois in 1861 to the " Peace
Convention," and in April of the sarae year, on the break
ing out of the Rebellion, was appointed Quarterniaster-
General of the Slate, which position he held throughout
the war. In 1864 he took comraand as Colonel ofthe 137th
Regiment of Illinois Infantry, with wdiora he served untU
the period of enlistment expired. Governor Wood has been
twice married; first in Januaiy, 1826, lo Ann M. Streeler,
daughter of Joshua Streeler, formeriy of Salem, Washington
county, New York ; they had eight children, four of whora
are now living. Mrs. Wood died on October 8th. 1863,
and in June, 1865, Governor Wood raarried Mary A.
Holmes, wddow of the Rev. Jo.seph T. Holmes. Poliiicallv
Governor Wood has been always actively identified with
the Whig, and since ils disbandment wdlh the Republican,
party. Few men have in personal experience corajDrehended
so raany surprising and advancing local changes as vested

6<i '

ill the raore than half ceniury recollections of Governor
Wood. Fifty-four years ago a soUtary settler, having no
neighbor within a score of miles, the world of civilization
away behind him, and the strolling Indian alraost his only
visitant, he has lived to see growing around him, and under
his auspices and aid, overspreading the varnished wild
grass and forest a teeming city, second in size -to but one
in the State, and surpassed nowhere in beauty, prosperity
and proniise; whose jieople recognize as with a single voice
the proverbial honor and liberality that attach to the name
and lengthened life of their pioneer settler, " the old
Governor." ^(5^^ ACKSON, GILES W., Superintendent ofthe Poor,
vvas born in Manlius, Onondaga counly, New
York, May 23d, 1813. His father, James Jack
son, was somewhat crippled in early life, and
being unable lo jierform severe labor and, hav ing
a good deal of energy, educated himself and be
came a physician. The education of Giles W. began al die
district school, and was afterward pursued al the Polytechnic
.School in Chiltenango, Nevv York. He was up lo that
time partially engaged on his father's farm. He ihen be
carae clerk in a country store till twenty-three years old.
In 1836 he went to La Salle counly, Illinois, bought a farm
and heljied to lay out a town, which was named after his
native place, Manlius. He was married Januaiy loih-,
1837, to Hannah Jennings. He continued farming until
1853, when he sold out, moved to Ottawa, Illinois, and en
gaged in the hardware business, as raember of the firra of
Jackson & Lockwood, in which he reraained for twenty
years; then sold out his interest, and has not since been en
gaged in active business. He is and has been for twenty-
five years Superintendent of the Asylum fin- the Poor at
Ottawa. He was, during his residence at Manlius, Super
visor and Treasurer of the school fund ; has been an Alder
man of Ollawa; is Vice-President of the La Salle Counly
Savings, Loan & Trust Company ; is a strong temperance
man, useful in the church, and highly esteeraed for his
integrity.

TEVENS, JUSTUS, Merchant and Farmer, vvas
born in Boscawen, New Harapshire, lalleriy
called Webster, January 8lh, l8ig, his falher,
John Stevens, being both a raerchant and farmer.
Plis eariy education was first conducted at ihe
comraon schools of the district in which he re
sided, but he subsequently attended for some years Part
ridge's Miliiary School, at Norwich, Vermont, from which
he graduated when twenty-one years of age. In 1842 he
removed lo Princeton, Illinois, where he engaged in mer
cantile pursuits, and by diligence, fair dealing and enter
prise, obtained a large degree of success. On June glhi

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA,

147

1842, he was married to Lurena McConihe, of Merrimack,
New Harapshire, Pie continued in Ihe mercantile business
in Princeton for twenty years. In 1862 he entered upon a
career of farming upon an extensive scale. His estate con
sists of 8000 acres, which he entered in 1852; and he has,
by large and judicious expenditures and careful manage
ment in the developraent of all ils resources, rendered Ihis
one of the model farms in the great West, Pie has always
manifested a deep interest in all educational movements,
and has been active in the promotion of improvements in
the system observed in the common schools of his section.
He is one of the directors of the High School and Town
Supervisor.

CROGIN, LEVIN POLK, Farmer and Stock-
Breeder, was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky,
March 30th, 1823. Left an orphan vvhile in his
seventh year, he was bound out to a. farmer
whose subsequent decease caused his removal to
a neighboring farm, where he vvas employed
until he had attained his twelfth year. He was then sent
to live wilh a brother-in-law, also a farmer, wilh whom he
reniained for nearly four years, attending school meanwhile
in the winter months. Subsequentiy he hired himself as a
farra hand, at a salary of $12 per month, and vvas thus
employed under three different men for a jieriod of three
years. For several years after this he was stricken down
with intermittent chills, and was totally unable to continue
his labors. Upon attaining his majority the executor of his
lather's estate could not deliver to him his portion of the
paternal effects, having used the trust for his own benefit, a
sura of money amounting to about $1200; the case result
ing then went into the Chancery Court, vvhere it remained
about three years, at the expiralion of which period judg
ment was given for the heirs, four in number. He then
received, in lieu of the $1200, a tract of 523 acres situated
in Lexington township, McLean county, Illinois, this event
occurring in 1848; January I5lh, in the ensuing year, he
reraoved to that section, and since then has j-jernianenlly
resided there. He began at once to make rails, to fence
in, break and cultivate his farra, fencing in in the first
season about eighty acres, also building a house and jirepar-
ing for cultivation forty acres of ground. He was thus
occupied year after year in irajjroving his estate until, at
the lapse of the sixth year, every acre vvas fenced in and
under cultivation. In the raeantirae he engaged in raising
slock, which was sold to neighboring drovers at a fair
profit. As an agriculturist he has raet wilh singular and
raerited success; his crops during twenty-five consecutive
seasons have averaged rather raore than fifty bushels per
acre, wdiile it is conceded that the average crop of corn to
the acre throughout the State wdll not exceed thirty
bushels; and his principal business lies in corn, hay and
pasturage; wheat and oats he- has also raised, but chiefly

for horae consuraption. He attributes his success as a
cidlivalor to his thorough systera of working Ihe soil,
always iiulling in seed at the proper lirae and jiloughing
deeply ; also to his subsequent careful attention ' to the
growing crops. ShaUow ploughing, an error only loo
coraraon in our counlry, is carefuUy avoided by hira, while
the leading teara of his plough is invariably selected frora
araong his strongest animals. The entire extent of his low
lands, tracts usually neglected as "waste land," is properly
drained in Ihe wet season, and, with the exercise of a lillie
care, furnish either exceUent and nutritious pasturage or
plenteous crops. He is also an extensive breeder of the
cattie know-'n as "graded slock," which attain an average
weight of 1550 pounds each, and in particular cases igoo
jiounds; deals largely in horses and in hogs, and to all of
these occujiations gives a careful and unrerailting super
vision. He is prorainentiy identified wilh the public
interests of his town and county; vvas forraerly an ardent
Abolitionist, and ultimately a Republican, and upon the
organizalion of that party was a member of the convention.
In all matters relating to the cause of temperance, to the
spread of religion and lo the social and political advance
raent of his fellow-citizens, he is a prirae mover and
generous supporter. At the present lirae, also, in addition
to his olher nuraerous occupations, he is interested in
banking. He was married, December 25th, 1848, to
Sarah E. Holmes, formerly a resident of Morgan counly,
Illinois; he has five children living, three sons and two
daughters.

JAMILTON, WILLIAM, M. D., was born in
Chittenden counly, Vermont, in 1833, his parents
being Dr. J.arain Harailton and Elizabeth Littie.
He was educated in the academy in his native
village and at a similar institution in Bakersfield,
Vermont. At the age of seventeen he com
raenced the study of medicine in his father's office and
under his instruction. In the fall of 1851 he attended his
first course of medical lectures at the then flourishing
medical college in Castleton, Vermont, since removed lo
Burlington, Verraont. In the spring of 1853 he attended
his second course at Ihe Woodstock Medical College, and
early in the year 1854, when his parents removed to
Albany, New York, he entered the raedical coUege in that
city and graduated in June of th.at year. Very soon after
graduating he removed to Knox county, Illinois, where a
married sister and raany friends and acquaintances had
preceded hira. He very soon succeeded in gaining the
confidence of the public and in establishing a large practice.
In 1862, when a call for more troops was made, he re
ceived the appointraent of First Assistant- Surgeon of the
io2d Illinois Infantry; and in the following year, while in
the field in Tennessee, was proraoted to Surgeon of said
regiment, vvhich position he held until the close of the war.

148

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Upon his return frora the arduous labors of the camp to the
peaceful pursuit ofhis profession, he located in the thriving
city of Galesburg, Illinois, where he has since resided and
where he has attained an enviable reputation as a physician
and surgeon. In the last-named branch of his profession
he may be said to be almost wiihout a rival in the district
where he resides. He is a permanent member of the
Araerican Medical Association, and a member of the Mili
tary Tract Medical Society since its organization, in 1866,
and during the year ending July, 1875, was its President.

if^UNN, MOSES, A. M., M. D., was born, April
20lh, 1822, in East Bloomfield, Ontario county.
New York. His parents, Linus and Esther
(Bronson) Gunn, were frora Massachusetts, and
araong the earlier pioneers of western New York.
His preliminary education was acquired in the
academy located in his native tovvn ; and subsequently,
passing the regular medical course at the Geneva Medical
College, he graduated from that institution in 1846. Lo
cating himself at Ann Arbor, Michigan, he iraraediately
coraraenced there the active practice of his profession, and
continued thus occupied until 1853. While here he also
instituted courses of lectures on anatomy, " illustrated by
dissections upon the recent subject," distinguishing himself
in this manner by becoraing the pioneer of a new raove
ment in that section of our counlry. The lectures were
attended by the university students at Ann Arbor, by many
medical students, and also by several of the practising
physicians resident in the vicinity; and were continued for
a period of three years, Dr, Gunn in the meantime attend
ing scrujiulously to an extensive and growing practice.
In 1849 a raedical deiiartnierit was organized in Ihe Michi
gan University, at Ann Arbor, and he was at once called
ujion to fill the Professorship of Anatoray and Surgery, and
the first class vvas assembled in October, 1850, vvith ninety-
two attendants. In the winler of 1851—52 he raade a
series of dissections and experiraents wilh a view lo deter
raine what particular tissue opposes our efforts to reduce
dislocations of Ihe hip-joint. The results of these investiga
tions were laid before the raedical classes of Ihe university
during that and the following winters. They were also
embodied in a paper laid before the Detroit Medical
Society, in the suraraer of 1853, and published in the
Peninsular Medical Journal in Septeraber of the same
year; in that paper occurs the following paragraph : " The
principle, Ihen, I would seek lo establish is this : Ihal in
luxations ofthe hip and shoulder the unlorn portion of the
capsular ligament, by binding down the head of the dis
located bone, prevents its ready return over the edge of the
cavity to its place in the socket; and that this return can be
easUy effected by putting the limb in such a position as
wiU effectually approximate Ihe two points of attachment

of thlt portion of the ligament which remains unlorn."
In 1853 he removed his residence and priv.ale practice to
Detroit, Michigan, but still continued his connection wilh
the university at Ann Arbor. In 1855 the degree of A. M.
was conferred upon hira by his Alma Mater, Geneva Col
lege. In Detroit he practised successfully for a period of
time extending over fourteen years, going meanwhile lo
Ann Arbor twice per week during six months of the year
for the purpose of delivering his lectures on surgery, having
in 1854 been transferred to the chair pertaining exclusively
to that branch. In performing this arduous labor he had
within that lime travelled a distance of fifty-six thousand
miles ; and, in justice, it may also be mentioned that the
medical class which assembled at this university in Ihe
winter of 1866-67, 'he last year of Dr. Gunn's connection
with it, nurabered five hundred and twenty-five attendants —
claimed to be the largest number of me(jical students
asserabled in the Uniled .States during that year: truly an
adrairable testimony to Dr. Gunn's learning and ability
when it is reraerabered that the first class consisted of but
ninety-two attendants. Septeraber 1st, 1861, he entered
the United States service, in order to acquire a thorough
and practical experience in miliiary surgery, and remained
in service for one year; he was with General McClellan
through the Peninsular campaign, and rendered upon
several occasions raost efficient aid. During that terra he
obtained three weeks' leave of absence, which time vvas
devoted to giving a course of lectures on surgeiy, that
course consisting of fifty finished and elaborate discourses.
In the spring of 1867 he was called to the chair of .Surgery
in the Rush Medical CoUege, of Chicago, which position
he accepted, and since Ihat lime has filled wilh marked
and unusual ability, while engaged at the same time in an
active surgical practice. Whether considered as lecturer,
scientist, or surgeon, Dr. Gunn has repeatedly and through
out a long and varied career evinced the possession of
superior qualities, profound acquireraents and t<alents only
too rare. Pie was married, March 2d, 1848, to Jane
Augusta Terry, a native of New York, and subsequently a
resident of Ann Arbor, Michigan.

ALLOWS, SAMUEL, D. D., was born in Pendle
ton, near Manchester, England, December I5lh,
1835, being the son of Thomas and Anne Fal
lows. His falher was a cotton goods manufac
turer, employing in his mills at Warrington
several hundred operatives, and both his parents
were distinguished for Iheir piety. A reverse of fortune
induced the migration of the family to Wisconsin, in 1848,
where -they found a homestead near Marshall, in Dane
counly. Up to the period of this removal from England
Sarauel had enjoyed rare educational facilities, and had
prepared for admission to the Manchester grammar school

'.¦ J-M c. md,ui,ipi^^-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

149

as a preliminary to his malriculation in an English uni
versity. In the interior of a comparatively new counlry
these opportunities failed hira ; but his keen desire for
knowledge enabled hira, wdlhout an instructor, to obtain a
thorough knowledge of raatheraatics and a tolerably
familiar acquaintance wilh the Latin and French languages.
At nineteen he entered the preparatory department of the
University of Wisconsin, at Madison, and for a portion of
the following year attended Lawrence University, at Apple-
ton, Wisconsin. He soon, however, returned to the
University of Wisconsin, and graduated with high honors
in three years. During this coUegiate career he supported
himself by teaching school and acting as Town Super
intendent of Medina. Having been adraitted in his
eighteenth year to the Methodist Episcopal Church, he was
soon licensed to exhort, and then to preach, and during his
junior and senior years at the university acted as assistant-
pastor of the Methodist Episcojjal Church at Madison. He
joined the West Wisconsin Conference on prob.ation in the
fall of 1857. He was ordained deacon by Bishop Osraon
C. Baker on April loth, 1859, and in the foUowing June
ended his career in the university, graduating as the vale
dictorian of his class. While assistant-pastor at Madison,
he served also as Assistant-tutor of Languages and Mathe
matics in the university. Upon leaving this instilulion he
became Vice-President of Galesville University, Wisconsin,
remaining in this position two years, when he resigned lo
prosecute a post-graduate course in philology and jjhilosophy
at Plarvard. The lack of proper facilities there at that
time induced his return West, carrying back wilh him a
very large and complete philosophical library. On Sep
tember gth, i860, he was ordained elder of Ihe Methodist
Episcopal Church, by Bishop Levi Scott, and in October,
1861, was transferred from the Norlhwest Wisconsin Con
ference to . the Wisconsin Conference, and stationed at
Oshkosh. In •September, 1862, he was elected Chaplain
of the 32d Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, serving with
that command in the Southwest. He resigned in 1863,
and was appointed pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church
at Appleton, and was elected to, but declined, the chair of
Natural Sciences in Lawrence University. In the spring
of 1864 he was mainly instrumental in organizing the 40th
Wisconsin, belter known as the " Normal Regiraent,"
being coraposed largely of teachers and students, and vvas
appointed its Lieutenant-Colonel. In January, 1865, he
organized and becarae the coraraanding officer of the 49lh
Wisconsin Regiraent, being very soon after assigned to the
charge of the post at Rolla, Missouri. Subsequentiy he
took coraraand of the Second Sub-district of Mis.souri, wilh
head-quarters at -Rolla ; was raade Post Commander at St.
Louis; vvas assigned to the ch.arge of the First Sub-district
of Missouri, and in October of 1865 was breveted Brigadier-
General for meritorious services. In the foUowing No
veraber he was raustered out, with his, troops, and was
appointed immediately to the pastorate of the Sumnierfield

Church, Milwaukie, where he remained three years, when
he filled the pastorale of the Spring Street Methodist Epis
copal Church, in the same ciiy. In July, 1870, he became
Superintendent of Public Instruction in Wisconsin, at the
urgent solicitation of Governor I'airchild, and during his
incumbency of that office, vvhich covered a period of three
years and a half, won the commendation of the press and
people for his intelligence .and zeal in the discharge of his
imjiortant duties. Plis great aim and his achievement vvas
the unification of the educational systems ofthe State; and,
in recognition of his invaluable services in the causes of
jiopular instruction and religion, Lawrence University, in
June, 1872, conferred upon him the degree of D. D. For
eight years he served as Regent of the University of Wis
consin, and in 1867 was teiidered, but declined, the Pro
fessorship of Logic and Rhetoric in that institution. For
len years he acted as Secretaiy of the Wisconsin Confer
ence, and upon his reraoval to Illinois received a handsome
service of silver frora that body as a teslimonial of ils
appreciation of his labors. In ' Septeraber, 1873, he was
elected President of the Illinois Wesleyan University, at
Bloomington, and entered upon his duties in 1874, the
keys of the institution being given hira during the inaugural
cereraonies by Governor Beveridge, of Illinois. On April
gth, i860, he was raarried lo Lucy B. Huntington, daughter
of Rev. Williara P. Huntington, A. M., M. D., and niece
of Bishoji F. D. Huntington, D. D., Bishop of the Protest
ant Episcopal Diocese of Central New York. In personal
appearance Dr. Fallows is lithe, graceful and finely organ
ized. As a logician and pulpit orator he has few, if any,
superiors. Under his direction Ihe M'esleyan University
has fiourished beyond the hope of many of even its most
sanguine friends.

IDWELL, ORLANDO B., Merchant and Banker,
was born in Berks county, Massachusetts, July
22d, 1829. His parents were Barnabas Bidwell
and Betsy (Curtiss) Bidwell. His education was
acquired at Williams College, located in Wil-
liarastown, Massachusetts. Upon abandoning
school life, at the corapletion of his allotted course of
studies, he was teraporarily eraployed in travelling as an
agent for a silk house. In 1855 he removed to Freeport,
and there established himself in the wholesale notion busi
ness, in partnership with L. Z. Farwell, under the firm-narae
of Bidwell & Farwell. From that business he retired in
1870. In 1864, the date of the establishraent in Freeport
of the First National Bank, he becarae prorainently iden
tified wilh the organizalion of that institution ; was from
the beginning a director, and in 1870, on his withdrawal
from mercantile business, was elected to ils Presidency, an
office which he slill retains and whose duties he performs
with thoroughness and ability. In 1871 he was elected a
member of the Board of Education of Stephenson counly.

I50

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

He is, to a certain extent, stiU interested in mercantile busi
ness, having a share in the profits of a notion house located
in Denver City, Colorado. He is one of the most influential
citizens of Freeport, and by his undeviating rectitude in all
his relations, pubUc and private, business and social, has
won the esteem and confidence of all ,wdth whom he has
been brou-iht into contact.

LLEN, WILLIAM JOSHUA, Judge and Lawyer,
was boni in Wilson county, Tennessee, June gth,
1828. His father, WiUis AUen, was also a Ten-
nesseein, and settled at lUinois, in l82g; his
mother, EUzabeth (Joiner) Allen, was a native of
North Carolina; his grandfather, John Allen, a
veteran of the war of 181 2, was killed at Nevv Orleans, Lou
isiana. His earlier and elementary education was acquired
at the common schools in the neighborhood of his home, and
he vvas subsequently for two years an inmate of the boarding
school at Tamarawa, Illinois, then controlled by B. G.
Roots. Upon abandoning school life, he became eraployed
in the county and circuit clerk's office, during 1846 and
1847. While there, having resolved to erabrace the legal
profession, he began the study of law, which he prosecuted
with diligence and assiduity. After leaving the office of
the county clerk, he entered the law school at Louisville,
where he was in regular attendance throughout the winter
of 1847 a"'! 1848. He vvas then licensed to practise law,
and in June of the latter year established himself at Metro
polis City, Massac county, vvhere he was professionally oc
cupied during the ensuing five years. At the expiration of
that time he removed to Marion, in the sarae Slate, where
he had passed manyjaf his earlier years, and becarae asso
ciated with his father, Willis Allen, then practising at that
place, in connection with whom he rapidly secured an ex
tensive clientage. In 1854 he was elected to the Legislature
frora the counties of Johnson and Williarason, and acted
with that body until the spring of 1855, when he resigned
his position as a raeraber. plis resignation vvas the result
of his appointment as United States District Attorney for the
Southern District of Illinois, in which capacity he acted
until the spring of 1859, residing in the meanwhile at Marion,
wliere he vvas engaged in legal jiractice associated in par'.-
nership wilh John A. Logan. This laller jiosition he also
ultimately resigned, and vvas elected Circuit Judge of the
twenty-sixth judicial district, succeeding his father in that
office. The circuit judgeship was occupied by hira until
June, 1861, and in the performance of ils attendant functions
he exhibited the possession not only of sound judgment and
inflexible rectitude, but also of adrairable moderation and
knowledge of a varied and valuable character. In Ihe fol
lowing November, he was elected a member ofthe Constitu
tional Convention, and served prominently wilh this body
until Ihe termination of its labors. In 1862 he was chosen

lo fill the unexpired term of General John A. Logan in the
Thirty-seventh Congress. Subsequently he was elected to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, vvith which he served as an
active coadjutor until the close of the term for vvhich it had
been selected. Prior to this, in i860, he was a Delegate from
the State of Illinois to the Charleston and Baltimore Con
vention, serving efficiently as a member of the committee on
credentials. Also in 1868 he was appointed a Delegate to
the New York Convention, serving as a member of the com
mittee on resolutions, and again in 1869 he was elected a
member of the Constitutional Convention, with which he
acted until its dissolution. From 1865 until 1874 he resided
permanently in Cairo, and since then has lived in Carbon-
dale, where he possesses not only an extensive and remuner
ative clientage, but also the confidence and esteem of the
entire community. During the past quarter of a century he
has occupied a leading and influential position in the Stale,
and has been instrumental in securing to it, and in a par
ticular manner, to his county, the raany benefits arising from
a rapid and jDrofitable development of the resources, natural
and artificial, of the country in general. A skUful and
learned jurist, and an upright and able statesman, his is a
record free from stain or shadow. He was married in De
cember, 1858, to Miss McKeen, formerly a resident of
Williamson county, Illinois.

af^UNNING, CHARLES WINTHROP, M.D., was
born at Auburn, New York, April I5lh, 1828. His
father, Lucian Dunning, was engaged in raercan
tile pursuits, and died about 1834; his mother,
Mary (Tuttie White) Dunning, is still living, at
the age of sixty-nine. He was educated at the Gam-
bier College, Ohio, and upon abandoning school life began
the study of medicine under the instructions of Dr. G. W.
Hotchkiss of Nashville, and Professor Joseph N. McDowell
of St. Louis. After the completion of his allotted term of
jirobation, he graduated from the Medical Department of
the University of the State of Missouri, in 1 850. He subse
quently accejited the position of Assistant Resident-Surgeon
at the Hotel for Invalids, a private hospital, established in
St. Louis. He continued occupied in that institution for a
period oftwo years, and then removed to Centralia, lUiiiois,
which was his home for about four years. Thence he moved
to Cairo, in the same Slate, tdlimately his permanent resting-
jilace. Throughout 1861 and 1862 he had charge of the
Uniled Stales Hospital at Mound City, IlUnois, frora where
he returned to Cairo, there reraaining until 1865. In 1863
he vvas ajipointed Professor of Surgery in the Hahnemann
Medical CoUege of Chicago ; this professorship, however, he
declined. In 1865 he vvas appointed Professor of Physiology
and Materia Medica for the Medical Department of Ihe
University of Missouri, and this professorship also, in conse
quence of business at Memjihis, he was compelled to decline.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

151

The possessor of a high order of natural talent, fully devel
oped by a thorough course of eleraentary training and sub
sequent study, experience and research, he is widely known
as a skilful practitioner, and a man of varied atlainments.
In addition to his customary duties attendant on the large
practice conducted by him, he is often called beyond the
bounds of his usual circle in order to give his attention to
cases of a jjecttliar or aggravated nature. In politics he
has from his earliest days been a zealous Deraocrat, and is
an able upholder and defender of his party's principles and
actions. He has been an enthusiastic Freemason all his life ;
ha-i been twice elected and sei-ved as Eminent Commander
of Cairo Commandeiy, No. 13, Knights Templar, and is at
present holding the above position. He vvas raarried in
1849 to Amanda Shannon, of Sparta, Illinois, by whom be
fore her decease in 1859 he had one son, vvho is living.
Subsequently he was again married, to Ellen O. Dashiell,
who is StiU living, and by whom he has had one child, a
girl, also living.

'!'(£ DDAMS, HON. JOHN H., Banker, Merchant,
and Politician, was born in Berks county, Penn
sylvania, July 1 2th, 1822, his parents being Samuel
and Catharine (Huy) Addams. He received his
eariy education in the common schools, and by a
comjirehensive and practical course at an acaderay
at Trappe, Pennsylvania, was vvell prepared for active life.
On leaving school he was apjirenticed to the milling busi
ness, and on the expiration of his term was engiged for one
year in a general mercantile business. In 1844 he reraoved
to Stephenson county, Illinois, located in what is now called
Cedarville, and established himself in business as a flour and
grain dealer and miller, in which he is still interested as
senior partner. He also purchased a farm in the vicinity,
vvhich he worked simultaneously wilh his milling business.
In 1847 he took a prominent part in calling a convention of
landholders and business men of the district to be held al
Rockford, which resulted in a concert of action that jiushed
to completion the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad. He
appreciated the absolute necessity for obtaining an outlet for
the produce of that region by railway, and he exerted him
self to draw the attention of the peojile to it, and to induce
them to subscribe for stock in the enterprise. In i854he
was elected to the State Senate as a Republican, and held
the seat continuously for sixteen years, retiring in 1870. In
1864 he aided in the organization of the Second National
Bank of Freeport, and was elected its President. He retains
his position at the present lirae. In 1844 he was married lo
Sarah Weber, daughter of Colonel Weber, of Kreiderville,
Pennsylvania. She died in 1863, and in 1868 he married
Mrs. William Halderman of Freeport. Pie lives at Cedar
ville, where he is very highly esteemed as an active and
public-spirited citizen. He was energetic in his support of
the Union cause during the war. He is regarded through

out Ihat district as a political leader of Ihe highest type, and
both politically and socially enjoys Ihe confidence of all
classes. He has been urged tijion several occasions to be
come a candidate for Congress, lo which he could have been
elected wilh little if any opposition, but has declined. He
is a gentleman of fine culture, of sound judgment, and has
justly earned prominence in public estimation in both civil
and private affairs.

OUGHERTY, JOHN, Lawyer, and ex-Lieulenant-
Govenior of the State of Illinois, was born at
Duck Creek, nortiieast of Marietta, Ohio, May 6th,
1806. His father, Charles Dougherty, was a
native of Ireland, and left that counlry in 1798;
his mother, Elizabeth (Wolf) Dougherty, was a
former resident of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. Plis
earlier education was acquired at the schools in Illinois, and
under the tuition particulariy of Cyrenus Howe, an able and
skilful preceptor. Upon abandoning school life he went lo
the lead mines in Washington county, Missouri, and there
during the ensuing year was engaged in raining for lead.
Pie then quit that occupation, and removed to Frederick-
town, Missouri, where he taught school for about two and a
half years. Returning subsequentiy to Jonesboro', Illinois,
he decided to embrace the legal profession, and accordingly
began the study of law under the supervision and able guid
ance of Colonel A. P. Field, now attorney-general of Lou
isiana. At the expiration of his allotted tenn of probation
wdth that preceptor he passed an examination, and was ad
raitted to the bar in 1 83 1. He then established himself in
Jonesboro', and entered immediately upon the active'jDractice
of that profession in which he has since been so successfully
engaged. In 1832 he was elected to the lower House of the
Legislature, secured a re-eleclion in 1834, and in 1S36 vvas
again' elected to that office. In 1840 he vvas once raore
chosen to occupy a seat in the House; in 1842 was elecled
lo the Senate for >¦ terra of four years, and in 1846 again
secured a re-election. He afterward resumed his legal
practice, and was soon reabsorbed in Ihe fulfilment of his
many professional duties. He continued thus occupied until
1857, vvhen he was again elected to the House, where as
before he at once assuraed a leading position ainong the
more jDrominent and influentijil raembers. In 1864 he was
a Presidential Elector on the Lincoln and Johnson ticket,
and in the fall of 1868 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of
the State of Illinois. In 1872 he was again appoinled a
Presidential Elector on the Grant and Wilson ticket. In
politics he had always, until i860, been a zealous and con
sistent Democrat, and al that date was a sujjporter of Breck
enridge, and opposed to Douglas on account of the lack of
a pronounced and wel'-defined policy. Pie was willing that
the polls should decide whether it vvas to be slaveiy or non-
slavery, and believed firmly that Ihe want of definiteness in
the avowed policy and principles of the Douglas parly could

152

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

lead to nothing but anarchy and revolution. When men
divided upon the question of Union or Secession, he at once
took a decided stand as an Unionist, and in consequence
was ostracised by nearly aU his friends and neighbors, who
in company with the majority of the people in southern
IlUnois were sympathizers with the South, and some of them
were aiders and abettors of their treasonable designs. Sub
sequentiy upon many occasions, during the bitter and pro
tracted struggle for supremacy of the North and South, he
exhibited in moments of extreme perU his inflexible loyalty
to the Union cause, and his devotion to its interests. It was
in great part a result of his efforts that southern Illinois sub
sequently espoused the cause of the government, and it was
through his influence that enlistments of soldiers in that sec
tion were made possible. Throughout the continuance of
the rebeUion, his voice was heard at all times, and he trav
eUed night and day while delivering loyal and forcible
speeches. President Abraham Lincoln, in acknowledging
his services, thanked him for his efficient exertions, and said :
" His services were more important to the govemment than
had he been at the head of an army." From the day that
Sumter was fired upon, he was a Republican, and each
additional shot only increased his devotion to the Union
cause. For the past two years his physical condition has
prevented him from continuing in active political life, but
he is now rapidly regaining his heallh, and will probably
once raore assume a leading position in his State and county.
His services in the Legislature have been productive of great
good, and he has ever and ably assisted in all that pertains
to internal improvements, and the development, social and
political, of the coraraunity of vvhich he is an honored mera
ber. To hira may be ascribed, in a measure, the present
prosperous condition of the canal and railroad systems which
have assisted in developing with such marvellous rapidity
the natural resources of the State. Upon his retireraent
frora the Senate, that body in a very decided and compli
mentary manner gave expression to its sense of his ability,
irapartiality, and fine sense of honor, in a series of resolutions
which were sent to hira. Al the present time he is engaged
in supervising his farms, vvhich cover many acres ; also, in
practising to some extent his original profession. He was
married, March 4lh, 1829, to Katherine James, a resident
of Union county. He has one son in the United States
army, now stationed at Fort Griffin, Texas — Lieutenant J. J.
Dougherty ; and a large faraily of well-to-do sons and daugh
ters living near him.

[USEY, COLONEL MATTHEW W., w.is born
in Shelby county, Kentucky, in 1798. His parents
I vvere Samuel Busey of North Carolina, and Cath
erine (Seeglar) Busey, of Loudoun county, Virginia.
He became a pioneer of Greencastle, Indiana,
where he settied in 1820, and built the second
cabin erecled in Ihat place. He w.as here enfa^ed in m.ak-

ing bricks until 1836, and during his residence there was
elected Colonel of the militia. In the spring of 1832 he
took up a large tract of land situated at Urbana, IlUnois, and
was one of the first settlers in that section. He then engaged
in farming, an occupation which he followed up to the time
of his decease, an event which occurred December 1 8th,
1852. He served three terms in the Legislature of Illinois,
and also for several years filled the office of Probate Judge.
He was married to Elizabeth Bush, in Washington county,
Indiana, who was from Kentucky, and who is still living.

USEY, SIMEON H., Banker, son of the above,
was born in Greencastle, Indiana, October 24th,
1824. His education was acquired at Urbana,
Illinois, having settled there with his parents when
about twelve years of age. Until i860 he was
engaged in farming and agricultural pursuils, and
subsequently established himself in a mercantile business at
Champaign, about two miles distant from Urbana. In 1867
he returned to the latter place, and founded the banking
house of Busey Bros., an institution still in prosperous opera
tion. This, one of the leadingest ablishments of the place,
is a thriving and reliable house ; its business is ably and care
fully conducted, and its controllers are raen of acknowledged
financial and adrainistrative skill. He is an active and effi
cient agent in all raovements that relate to the advancement
and increase of the social and material interests of his sec
tion, and is universally respected as an energetic and valu
able citizen. He was married in 1849 to Artimesia Jones,
of Putnam county, Indiana.

^HAW, BENJAMIN F., Editor, was born in Wav
erly, New York, in 1831. His parents are Alan-
son B. Shaw and Philomela (Flowers) .Shaw.
After removing to Iowa frora his native Slate, he
reraained Ihere for a period of two years, and
thence went to Rock Island, where he leamed the
printing business. In 1 851 he settled in Dixon, there taking
charge of the printing office of the Dixon Telegraph. He
subsequently became the owner by purchase of that journal,
and edited it with marked ability and success. He vvas one
of the editors who met at Decatur, and called the first Re
publican Stale Convention, and on this occasion deported
himself wilh effective energy and tact. In i860 he was
elected Clerk of the Lee County Circuit Court ; was re-elected
to that position in 1864, and officiated until 1868. His
paper is one of the leading Republican organs of the counly,
is well conducted, and notable for its vigor and independ
ence. In all raatters pertaining to the advancement, social,
educational, and political, of his adopted State and counly,
he takes an active and discriminating interest, and through
the medium of the lelegraph, which has a large circulaticn

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA-

153

both in Dixon and the neighboring districts, has many tinies
been instruraental in securing to the town various advantages
of a nature more or less important.

'OUKE, JACOB, Jr., Lawyer, was born at Plarper's
Ferry, Virginia, December 25th, 1836. His
parents are Jacob Fouke and Kathrine Fouke,
who moved to Edwardsville, Madison county,
Illinois, in 1840. He was educated in the coun
try schools of the latter State, and the course of
studies which he was enabled to pursue was of a very
liraited character. At the early age of thirteen he was em
ployed in laboring on the railroads in the vicinity of his
residence, and was thus occupied until he secured a subor
dinate position in a store at Greenville, where he remained
for one year. He then began the study of law with Tevis
Greathouse, a resident of the above tovvn, and at the expira
tion of bne year passed his examination and was adraitted lo
the bar. In 1856 he reraoved to Vandalia, and there en
tered upon the active practice of his profession, raeeting with
merited success. In 1 861 he was elected Judge of the
Fayette County Court, holding that office for a term of four
years. In 1868 he was a candidate for the Stale Senate,
but was defeated by J. P. Vandorston, the Republican can
didate. In 1871-72 he was a raeraber of the Legislature,
and while acting with that body assuraed a prorainent and
leading position. He has always been a supporter of the
Democratic party, and in raany ways has been instrumental
in contributing to its welfare. Pie has held numerous local
offices, and in the discharge of the functions attached to
thera has merited and obtained the praise of the general
coiuniunily. In conjunction vvith his partner, Mr. Henry,
he possesses probably the largest practice in Vandalia, and
is almost invariably selected for the conduct of such cases as
require a nice perception of legal subtleties and a profound
knowledge of special judicial theorems. He was married in
l85g to Mary C. Prentiss, daughter of Colonel Prentiss of
Vandalia, and her demise occurred in June, 1865.

'IPTON, TPIOMAS F., Circuit Judge ofthe Eighth
Circuit of Illinois, vvas born in Franklin county,
Ohio, August 2gth, 1833. His parents are of
English extraction. His father, who vvas engaged
in farming and agricultural pursuils, removed in
1844 to Money Creek township, McLean counly,
Illinois, near where Towanda now stands, and within a
year after his arrival died there, leaving a faraily of three
children. Throughout his boyhood until he had attained
his sixteenth year the only educational facilities which he
w.as able to secure were limited with regard to time and
poor vvith regard to quality. He then, during a period of
20

one year, was a regul.ir attendant at the daily sessions of the
educational establishment, where he acquired a compara
tively thorough training in the several branches of a rudi
mentary education. At the completion of that term he
coraraenced reading lavv, occupying in this manner his
leisure morning and evening hours. When eighteen years
of age he devoted his entire time and attention to the study
of legal text-books, and instructed himself rapidly in the
theory of that vocation in which he has since become so
honorably and widely known. Thus occupied at Knoxville,
lUinois, he was soon prepared to pass Ihe needed exaraina
tion, at the terraination of which he was adrailted to the
bar. In the spring of 1854 he coraraenced the active prac
tice of his profession in Lexington, Illinois, where he re
mained until January, 1862, when, removing to Bloomington,
where he has since resided, he at once resumed his practice.
Subsequently he became the possessor of an extensive and
remunerative clientage, and through his natural abUities and
solid learning won the esteem and confidence of the sur
rounding counlry. During 1867 and 1868 he was Prose
cuting Attorney of the Eighth Judicial Circuit, and on
August loth, 1870, was elected Circuit Judge of the Eighth
Circuit, to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Judge
Scott lo the Supreme Court of the State. In June, 1873, ^^
was re-elected Judge of the sarae circuit, the nuraber of
vvhich had been changed to the Fourteenth, for a terra of
six years. He was strongly opposed to the principles and
actions of the political organization known as the Know
Nothings of 1854, 1855, and 1856, and was noted as one of
its ablest and most fearless opponents. In i860 he sup
ported Judge Douglas with both voice and pen ; voted for
Lincoln in 1864, and in 1868 and 1872 gave his entire sup
port to Ulysses S. Grant. In addition to his official duties
he has another iraportant occupation as Editor of the
" Monthly Western Jurist," a professional journal of acknowl
edged merit. As a Circuit Judge he is remarkable for his
rapid despatch of business, and for the soundness and clear
ness of his judgments and rulings. He was married, Octo
ber 22d, 1856, to Mary J. Shayer, daughter of Nicholas
Shayer, of Logan county, Ohio.

ASEY, LEWIS F., Lawyer, was bom in Jeffer
son counly, Illinois, April 23d, 1821. His parents.
Green P. Casey and Margaret P. Casey, natives
of South Carolina, emigrated to Illinois while it
was a territory. He was educated at the Jefferson
county schools and at the Plillsbcro', Illinois,
Academy. Upon leaving school, at twenty years of age, he
began the study of lavv wilh Hon. W. B. Scales, of Mount
Vernon. Shortiy after he was elected County Surveyor of
Jefferson county, which office he continued to hold during
the ensuing eight years, prosecuting in the meantime his
leal studies. In 1848 he was licensed and admitted to the

154

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

bar, and began imraediately the practice of his profession at
Mount Vernon, and vvas thus engaged until 1852. In
1S46-47 he was a member of the State Legislature from
Jefferson county. In 1852 he removed to the State of
Texas, where he resided for fourteen years, being during
that time eno-acfcd in extensive and successful practice.
Frora 1848 to i860 he officiated as Prosecuting Attorney,
being three times elected to Ihat position for the Third
Judicial District of Texas. The criminal business of the
seven counties composing Ihe district was very large, and
the resident lawyers were the ablest and most distinguished
practitioners of this section of the counlry ; aniong others,
there were Generals Rush and Henderson, United States
Senators ; and Judges Ochiltree, Clark, Ardry, Walker, and
Wallace ; while those charged with criminal offences were
not infrequently persons of wealth and influence, who
spared neither pains nor money to secure the ablest counsel
in their defence. From i860 to 1864 he was State Senator,
representing the counties of Shelby, Sabine, and Parola;
and, in addition to serving on six committees as a member,
officiated as Chairman of the Coraraittee on Military Affairs.
The disorganized condition of the courts and counlry after
the close of the war induced hira, in 1866, to return to
Illinois, and establishing himself at Centralia, he formed a
law partnership with Hon. S. L. Dwight, a grandson of
Governor Casey, of Illinois, and resumed the practice of his
profession. Since that tirae he has secured a very extensive
business, and been engaged in Ihe conduct of many cases of
iraportance, which have been raanaged by hira with power
and a-stuteness. He was married, in Sejitember, 1847, to
Mary J. Casey, daughter of Govemor Casey.

lAKER, HENRY SOUTHARD, Lawyer and
Jurist, Judge of the City Court of Alton, was
bom November lolh, 1824, in Kaskaskia, Ran-
doljih county, Illinois, and is a son of David J.
and Sarah T. (Fairchild) Baker. His father is
one of the earliest and ablest lawyers in the .State
(whose biographical sketch apjiears elsewdiere in this vol
ume) ; his mother was a native of New Jersey. Pie was
educated at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,
and after leaving college entered his father's office, with
whom he read law, and was admitted to practice at Ihe bar
of Illinois in l84g. He opened an office in the city of
Alton, and was soon recognized as a most efficient advocate
and counsellor, being actively engaged in his professional
avocations, and possessing a large and constantly increasing
line of clients. He was elected a member of the Legisla
ture on the Democratic anti-Nebraska ticket, and served in
that body during the session of 1854-55. Pie was one of
the combination Ihat caused the election of Lyman Trum
buU to the United Slates Senate, thus defeating Abraham
Lincoln, who was also a candidate at that time ; in fact, it

was he vvho made the nomination of Tmnibull. In 1864 he
was a meraber of the Electoral CoUege of Illinois, which
¦voted for Abraham Lincoln for President. In September,
1865, he was elected Judge of the City Court of Alton
(which tribunal was first constituted in 1859), and which
office he has continuously held since that year. His judi
cial decisions fcr the long period of his incumbency have
been noted for their fairness, and he has given much satis
faction : indeed, but rarely have any of his decisions been
reversed when the cases have been .appealed to the Supreme
Court. Moreover, the legal fraternity in this section of the
State repose so much confidence in his ability and sterling
integrity that they often apply for change of venue, in order
that their cases may be brought before his court. He was
married, Noveraber 26th, 1 851, to Emily B. Bailey of Penn
sylvania, who died July 12th, 1862. He vvas again united
in marriage, December 22d, 1864, to Mary F. Adams, of
Illinois.

ANNY, PELLS, Pioneer, Farmer, and Manufac
turer, of Illinois, was boni at Amsterdara, Mont
gomery county. New York, August 17th, 1802.
His parents vvere Gabriel Manny and Elizabeth
(Pells) Manny. His first occupation after leaving
school consisted in raanaging a boat on the waters
of the Erie Canal, Nevv York, and at this he continued for
about seven years. In 1836 he removed frora Amsterdam
to the .State of Illinois, and commenced fanning on the
prairie in Ihe vicinity of a place then called Yankee Settle
ment ; the counlry at that early date being totally unorgan
ized and very spai-sely settled. Ill 1838 he received the
apjioinlraent of Postmaster at Waddam's Grove, in what is
now Stejihenson county. This position he retained for a
period of sixteen years, and fifteen years after its relinquish
ment the Postal Department discovered that it was indebted
to him lo the amount of seventeen dollars, and that sura was
subsequently remitted to him in a jiost-office draft at Amster
dara. The attention of fanners vvas then being directed to
farm machinery, for labor was difficult to procure and expen
sive to retain through the seasons of compulsory idleness,
and a vast amount of jiroduce was annually lost or destroyed
siiiij:)ly through the lack of helji in harvesting and gathering.
His attention vvas called to an account of a machine ii.-
veiited in Eurojie by the Gauls some three hundred years
ago, and adapted to harvesting jDuiposes, and from the de
scription thus jDrocured lie originaUy conceived the idea
ultimately the motor power of such important results. In
1849 i^'^ fi''st patent fcr the " Manny ReajDer" was obt.ained.
He had jireviously been experimenting for some time, and
had invented a machine for cutting off the heads of the
grain, which, however, was quickly sujDerseded by the
reaper. The laller invention was not introduced without
eonsider.able difficulty, as the farmers did not primarily aji-
pear to comprehend thoroughly and with sufficient quickness

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

>55

the method of managing il, and about $20,000 were ex
pended in perfecting the machines before Ihey could be got
tj work successfully. But in 1852 the reaper was at length
brought to a state of conijiarative perfection, and began to
be sought for by agriculturists, and in the following year his
son, J. H. Manny, began its raanufacture also at Rockford,
Winnebago county. In 1856 he established a factory at
Freeport, and thenceforth the business grew with a marvel
lous rapidity, until, within a brief period, the annual product
rose to several thousands. At the present tirae the manu
factories of "Manny's Reapers" are established in various
parts of the country, and in successful operation, while the
machines are extensively used in every State in the Union.
Since 1849 ^^ i*^ been connected with various parties in
the reaper manufacturing business, but lately has, in a great
measure, relinquished those associations on account of the
enfeeblemenl of his heallh, and wdthdrawn from the turmoil
of active business life. Among others who were connected
with hira in a business cajiacity for a shorter or longer
period was his son-in-law, Jereraiah Pattison. Pie is not,
as many supjiose, the first inventor of reapers and mowers,
but the immediate agent in their perfection. The " Walter
A. Wood's Machine," at Hoosick Falls, New York, is an
offshoot of the Manny machines ; the right of manufacture
was sold by him to W". A. Wood, who has since added
various iraproveraenls, and prospered so greatiy in his busi
ness that he has now the largest raanufactory in the vvorld,
and will, in this season (1875), manufacture from twenty
thousand to twenty-five thousand machines.

fARSHALL, EDWARD B., M. D., vvas born in
Dorchester county, Maryland, June igth, 1814.
Plis father was a native of Virginia ; his mother of
the first-named State. His education was acquired
in an academy located in his native place. Upon
attaining his seventeenth year he found employ
ment in a dry-goods store, where he remained during the
ensuing four years. He then became a medical student,
under the instructions of Dr. Robinson, of Snovv Plill. He
subsequently removed lo Illinois, settling in Mascoulah, Sl.
Clair county, there continuing his studies in raedicine. In
1849 iie entered the Missouri Medical College, and gradu
ated from that institution in 1850. Pie also graduated later,
in 1855, from the St. Louis Medical CoUege. In 1850 he
established himself in Nashville, Illinois, and there engaged
in the active practice of his profession, making that place
his home for a period of nearly ten years. At two different
and separate periods he attended the course of lectures held
at the Rush Medical College of Chicago. In 1858 he
moved to Centralia, where he has since perraanentiy resided,
the possessor of an extensive and lucrative practice. Plis
time is raonopolized almost entirely by his duties as consult
ing physician, and his circuit eriibraces a large section of

southern Illinois. He is importantly and pecuniarily inter
ested in the welfare of Centralia, being the owner of several
valuable properties in that town. Pie is widely known as a
Jihysician of culture and experience, and the esteem in
which he is held is evidenced by his occasional election to
local offices. His life has been an unusuaUy active and
laborious one, although at the present tirae, owing to the
assistance of his son — also a skilful practitioner — he is re
lieved from many of the cares attendant on so extensive a
business. He is a Director in the First National Bank of
Centralia, and a Director also of the Mining & Manufactur
ing Company of Centralia. He was married in 1840 to
Harriet Barker, of Randolph county, lUinois.

ONDON, SIDNEY S., M. D., was bom in Nash
ville, Tennessee, Ajiril I51h, 1811. His ancestry
were Irish and English, but his parents — Jaraes
Condon and Sarah (Tully) Condon — were bom in
this country. He was educated at a high school
located in his native place, and at Princeton Col
lege, Kentucky. Upon leaving school he became engaged
in learning the trade of carpenter, continuing thus eraployed
during the two ensuing years. He then began the study of
raedicine under the instructions of Dr. Sarauel Hogg, an
able practitioner of Nashville, with whom he reraained for a
period of three years. He afterward attended two winter
courses at the Medical College of Ohio, in Cincinnati, from
vvhich institution he ultimately graduated. Removing to the
West, he established himself in Jonesboro', Union county,
Illinois, where he resided jiermanently during the following
thirty years, winning Ihe confidence and esteem of the entire
community, and securing a very extensive and remunerative
jiractice. He has been remarkably successful in his treat
ment of cases of women's and children's diseases, and his
counsel and attendance for such cases vvere especially sought
after, not only in his own county, but in the surrounding
region to a great distance. In 1846 and 1847 he entered
the service of Ihe United States as First Lieutenant in Cora
pany F of the 2d Regiraent Illinois Volunteers, under Colo
nel Bissell, doing duty in Mexico, and participating actively
in the battle of Buena Vista. While on the raarch he was
detached, at Carap Irwin, as an Assistant Surgeon, and
while acting in that capacity had in his charge one hundred
and forty-six wounded and disabled soldiers, of whom tw-o
only failed lo recover. Prior to his service in the Mexican
w.ar, he vvas, for a period extending over eight years. Clerk
of the Circuit Court of Union County, Illinois. In 1870 or
1 87 1 he reraoved to Anna, in the sarae State, there resuraing
the practice of his profession and raeeting vvith great and
merited success. Since Ihen he has resided perraanentiy in
the latter jilace, occupied constantiy either in fulfilling his
nuraerous vprofessional duties, in study and research, or in
lilerary labors of a historical and medical character. He

156

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

has long been a contributor to various journals and maga
zines, and is the author of a reliable and well-written " His
tory of Southern Illinois." One of the oldest physicians in
the Slate, he is yet hale, robust, and vigorous, and ascribes
his prolonged health and energy to his temperate habits and
careful attention to hygienic details. For thirty years he has
been a warm advocate of the teraperance cause and an unde
viating foUower of its precious teachings. Throughout a
long and varied career he has been noted for his rectitude
and abilities, and in all respects his record, extending over
more than a half century, is wholly honorable. He was
married in Januaiy, 1832, at Cincinnati, to Mary Ann Davis.

HAMILTON, JOSEPH ORMOND, M. D., was
born in New Design, Monroe county, Illinois,
April 2d, 1824. He is the youngest son of
Thomas M. and Apjihia Hamilton. His father
vvas, at the time of the admission into the Union
of Illinois, a resident and voter of that State.
His preliminary education was acquired in the comraon
schools of Illinois, whence, in 1843, he was transferred to
the Ohio University, at Athens, Ohio, where he entered
upon a course of study in the higher branches. At Ihe ex
piralion of his allotted terra in that institution, he decided
to erabrace the medical profession, and wilh that end in
view coraraenced the study of anatoray and physiology
under Ihe skilful guidance of Dr. Silas Parker, forraerly
established in Athens, Ohio, and now a resident of Delivan,
Illinois. Subsequently, during the years 1847, 1848, and
1849, he was engaged in teaching school in Tensas (or
Tensaw) Parish, Louisiana. In the spring of 1850 he
graduated in raedicine at the Medical Departraent of the
University of the State of Missouri, and coramenced irarae
diately the active practice of his jirofession in Grafton,
Jersey county, IlUnois. After remaining in that jilace for
a limited space of time, he removed. May Ist, 1851, to Jer
seyville in the sarae State, where he has since been contin
uously and actively engaged in attending to the wants of
an extensive and ever-increasing practice. In 1866 he
becarae a prorainent and valued member of the Illinois
State Medical Society, and in 1871 was elecled to its Presi
dency at Peoria, Illinois, the duties of which office were
accoraplished with consuraraate and marked ability. When
the society held its 1875 session, at Jacksonville, he was
ajipoinled Chairman of the Committee on Diseases of
Children. In the report he presented in that capacity
occurs a noteworthy passage respecting a novel method of
his ovvn for the treatraent of newly-born and apparently
dead children. After describing the case very rainutely —
it was one in which the aid of instruments proved necessary
— he jiroceeds : " Il was to all appearances dead ; not a
pulsation could be discovered in Ihe child. It was im
mersed ia vvarai water, held up by the heels, shaken.

slapped across the breast and shoulders wilh the open hand,
cold water dashed upon it, and, in fact, all the means
usually applied for the restoration of the new-born child,
but to no avail ; the child, at the end of fifteen minutes, .still
remained dead. Al this time I placed the child on a
pUlow on its left side, and placing the pillow on a table
conveniently near, and placing a chair beside the table ira
raediately in front of the child, I took my seat and pro
ceeded to draw from my pocket an India rubber tube about
two feet long and three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter.
I proceeded to insert one end in the child's mouth, after
taking one end in my own, holding the Ups of the child
firmly, but gently, around the tube wilh my left hand,
whUe with the thumb and fingers of the right hand I held
the nose, to prevent the air from passing out through the
same. I then forced air from my lungs through the lube,
and to my delight saw the chest of the child rise as indica
tive of the inflation of the lungs ; taking my thumb and
finger from its nose, the air immediately rushed out from
the lungs of the child. I repealed the operation, and found
that I could keep up artificial respiration in that way. This
I continued for thirty minutes — forty-five minutes after the
birth ofthe child — a very small pulsation in a small hepatic
branch from the umbilicus could be discenied. At this
time exarained carefully for contractions of the heart, but
could find no action whatever. I continued artificial respir
ation for ten minutes longer — fifty-five minutes from the
child's birth — when I discovered the heart was acting; then
suspending the artificial respiration for two minutes, when
the heart ceased entirely to act. Commenced again the
artificial inflation ; I soon saw the heart comraence contract
ing again, and continued this for at least ten minutes longer,
when I rested from my labor for a few seconds. I saw a
slight motion of the alea of the nose, and the child took a
short, quick, inspiration, the diaphragm entering into Ihe
effort. I waited a few minutes, vvhen I found the lungs
were not filling with air and the heart was ceasing to beat.
I applied artificial respiration again, with the same hapjiy
result; at this time I sent for an electric battery; the battery
carae in fifteen minutes, vvhen I apjilied electricity to the
sjiine and the diaphragm, varying the locations of the poles
frequently, and soon after this succeeded in establishing
healthy respiration. I have narrated this case in full, or at
least quite full, for the jiurpose of illustrating the necessity
of continuing our efforts for a much longer time than is
usual in such cases. I have no doubt that raany children
are laid away as dead, that could have been resuscitated if
artificial resjiiralion by the India rubber lube had been kept
up. I ojierated on this child more than one hour and
three-quarters before a safe respiration was established. In
conclusion, I wish to remark that an India rubber lube is
an inexpensive instrument, and the room Ihat it occujMes in
one of your jiockets docs not amount to much, which facts
leave you without an excuse for not being jirepared for the
emergency." In 1S67 hc became a member of the Ameri-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

157

can Medical Society. Prior to the outbreak of the civil
war he was noted as a leading Republican and ardent up
holder of Union sentiments and princijiles; and during the
progress of the first Lincoln campaign was an energetic and
effective adherent, while throughout the rebeUion he was
known as an inflexible and fearless supporter of the govern
ment. In 1864 he was appointed Examining Surgeon for
the Pension Office, a position vvhich he slill retains.
Throughout the course of his practice in Jerseyville — a
period extending over nearly a quarter of a century — he has
upon no occasion been an absentee from his business for
thirty consecutive days, while in the discharge of his raany
professional duties his conduct has invariably been charac
terized by skilfulness, courtesy, and unflagging energy.
He is Ihe inventor of the Improved Obslelrical Bandage
now in extensive use throughout the counlry, and many of
his medical and scientific essays have been incorporated in
the " Transactions of the American Medical Association."
In all movements of a public or private nature — social,
moral, and benevolent — he is a prime mover and an earnest
worker. He was married, May Ist, 1851, to Margaret
Perry.

RYANT, HENRY BEADMAN, seni*or meraber
of Ihe well-known firra of Bryant & Stratton,
proprietors of an extensive system of commercial
colleges, was born in Gloucestershire, England,
Ajiril 5lh, 1824. His father, John Bryant, was
a well-to-do farmer. His mother vvas daughter
of a shop-keeper, had spent considerable time in the shop,
and was considered an excellent business woman. The
Bryant family carae lo Anierica in Noveraber, 1829, landing
at New York and going directly to Philadelphia. They
remained Ihere during the winler, and in the spring moved
to Norwalk, in Ohio, upon a farm. They found sorae of
the Indians still lingering aniong Ihe forests. A year later
they moved to Amherst, Ohio, and bought a farra. There
was upon it an Indian encarapraent, bul they did not prove
troublesome -neighbors. They here began the pioneer
work of clearing up the forest. Henry Beadman attended
the log school-house of the place during winter, and in
summer worked on Ihe farm. When fourteen years old he
entered a slore in a neighboring village. He proved apt
at mercantile life, and this was really the beginning of his
future career. He remained here two years, and returned
home to pursue his studies in the public school and the
seminaiy of Norwalk ; alternating his attendance at school
with teaching in the winter months. He was peculiarly
good al handUng difficult and refractory .schools. He then
went lo Cleveland, Ohio, to attend a college. While here
he one day noticed a sign, " Commercial College." The
idea of a commercial course pleased him, and he was led
very soon to enter this institution, at that time under the

management of E. P. Goodenough. When he had finished
this course, he went to Sault Ste Marie, then an important
station for the transfer and forwarding of lake freights over
land around Ihe rapids, as at that time no canal had been
cut through. Here he kept a set of books during the
season, and just at the close of navigation received a request
from Mr. Goodenough, who was about to retire from the
Coraraercial College, lo corae and take charge of it in his
place. He accordingly returned and did so. The college
prosjiered under his raanageraent. About this period Mr.
Stratton, afterward his partner, entered this institution as a
pupil. In 1853 Mr. Bryant, Mr. Stratton, and James W.
Lusk formed a partnership and fitted up the college more
extensively than it ever had been, or than anything of the
kind in the counlry. Soon students began to ccme lo it
from points all over the country, which led them lo the idea
of establishing branch schools at eligible points over the
country. In 1854 they opened a school in Buffalo, New
York. In 1856 a branch was started in Chicago. In 1857
one was opened at Philadeljihia, another at St. Louis, ar.d
a third at Albany. And so their scheme grew year by year
until at present it numbers forty-eight commercial colleges
established all over the land. Their teacher of penmanship
in their first college was P. R. Spencer, author of the
famous Spencerian System. In the year 1855 Mr. Bryant
married a sister of Mr. Siratton, and al the same lime Mr.
Stratton married a sister of Mr. Bryant. In the fall of 1871
Mr. Bryant visited Ihe Pacific slope and made a lour wdth a
large parly through the Yosemite valley and olher wonders
of California, and returned frora this pleasure only to wit
ness the great fire of Chicago and Ihe destruction of his
college there. Il was soon re-established, hovvever. For
several years he published, in connection wdlh his chain of
colleges, a magazine, " The American Merchant; " but this
was discontinued, and he published a newspaper at each
college, with an aggregate circulation of over a raillion
copies a year. Twenty-two years ago two teachers w-eie
enough ; now they have a force of two hundred and fifty
teachers, and over thirty thousand men bear the diplomas
of this international chain. In addition to these gigantic
labors they have compiled and published — mostly the work
of Mr. Bryant — a complete system of book-keeping, includ
ing common school, high school, and counting-house edi
tions; a complete business arithmetic, a volume on com-
raerci.al law, and a book of interest tables which is so full
and reliable as to have been ordered lo he used in the
United States Treasuiy Department at Washington. Be
sides being used in entirety in all their colleges, these
various publications have come into very general use in
banks and as text-books in schools and among businers men.
Mr. Bryant is now a resident of Chicago, and is still in the
active discharge of his varied duties and responsibilities.
His is a representative case of our Araerican growth and
development, the result of energy, persistence and sound
judgment.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Uir ATTPIEWS, COLONEL ASA C, Lawyer, was
born in Pike counly, Illinois, in 1833. His
parents are B. L. Matthews and Minerva (Carring-
ton) Matthews. His eariier education was ac
quired' in the horae school, whence he was trans
ferred to the Illinois College, located in Jackson
ville. At the expiration of his allotted course of studies
he graduated frora that institution, and decided to embrace
the legal profession. In 1855 he commenced the study of
law, passed the required examination, and in 1858 was
admitled to the bar. He was then engaged in the active
practice of his profession until 1862, when he entered -the
Uniled States service as Captain of Company C of the gglh
Illinois Infantry. Ultimately, securing step by step and
deservedly his rapid promotion, he became, in 1865,
Colonel of the same body, retaining that position until his
retireraent from the service. Returning to Illinois, he
established himself in Pittsfield, and during the ensuing
three years was occupied by the duties attendant upon an
extensive and increasing clientage. In 1869 he was ap
pointed Internal Revenue CoUector for the Ninth Illinois
District; this office he held until June, 1875, vvhen '""^
resigned in order to accept the appointraent of .Supervisor
of Ihe Internal Revenue for the district coraprising the
Stales of Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. He is a
skilful and talented practitioner, while, as a public official,
he is noted as a man of rectitude and ability. He was
married in 1858 to Anna Ross, daughter of Colonel Ross,
late of Pike county, Illinois. They have three children,
two daughters, Florence and Helen, and a son, Ross.

OOD, NORMAN NELSON, D. D., was born in
Fairfax, Vermont, May Ist, 1808. In 1835,
vvhen twenty-seven years of age, he graduated
from Middlebury College, Vermont, and served
after his graduation for one year as Principal of
Rush Academy, of Vermont. In 1836 he en
tered the Department of Theology in Madison University,
Nevv York, but in consequence of impaired heallh he was
unable lo complete the prescribed course of study. In
1838, having recruited his health, he became pastor of the
Baptist Church at Lebanon Springs, New York, being
ordained to the ministry at the call of that church. He
accepted the pastorale of a church in Vicksburg, Mississippi,
in 1842, vvhich he filled until 1845, vvhen he becarae pastor
of the Market Street Church, of Zanesville, Ohio. In
1350 he was made President of .Shurtieff CoUege, at Upper
Alton, Illinois, fiUing this responsible position until 1855.
During this presidency he received in 1851 the degree of
D. D. from Granville CoUege, Ohio, and during the
sarae year he vvas united in marriage lo Emily Dunlap,
daughter of Colonel James Dunlaj>, of Jacksonville,
Illinois, who survived hira. lie becarae pastor of the

Baptist Church of Palrayra, Missouri, in i860, retaining
this position until the breaking out of the rebellion, when
he accepted the Chaplaincy of a regiraent, and remained
wilh the army until a short lirae prior to the ending of the
war. He then took up his residence in Jacksonville,
Illinois, vvhere he pursued wdlh ardor important lilerary
labors, and for sorae years filled the Professorship of Mental
and Moral Philosophy and Logic in the Young Ladies'
AthenjEum of that city. Here he was seized wdlh a linger
ing and fatal illness, and died January 21st, 1874, having
reached the age of sixty-six years. He vvas a man of un
usual natural ability, of high culture, and real scholarly
attainments. His mind was quick, metaphysical, and ana
lytic, and his literary remains show him to have been a
profound logician, a thorough master of the science of dia
lectics, as well as a fluent and graceful writer. Though
Ihe possessor of rare satirical power he was cautious in the
use of it. His doctrinal views were sharply defined ; and
yet he possessed a broad catholic spirit which warmly
sympathized with the labors of all devoted Christians.
Though he had a feeble physical frame he retained reraark
able powers of endurance and volition. His life was the
developraent of his faith — simple, unostentatious, and
characterized by a perfect harmony of feeling and action.

OODWIN, STEPPIEN AUSTIN, Lawyer, was
born in Geneva, New York, November 26lh,
1807. His falher, Daniel Goodwin, was a promi
nent physician, and his mother, whose maiden
name was Lucretia Collins, vvas a grand-daughter
of Tiraothy Collins, the first Congregational
Litchfield, Connecticut. Pie attended the
coraraon schools during his youlh, and was prejiared for
a college course at Geneva Academy, since erected into
a college. In 1826 he entered Hamilton College, where
he studied some tirae and then passed into Union College,
when it vvas under the presidency of Dr. Mott, and gradu
ated wdlh honors from that institution in the class of 1828.
Among his classmates were Robert Toombs, of Georgia,
Ward Hunt, subsequently Chief-Justice of the Stale of Nevv
York, and others who have since attained distinction in ihe
arts and sciences. After his graduation he immediately en
tered the office of Hon. George B. and E. T. Trooji — Ihe lat
ter of whom afterward became Governor of New York — .at
Auburn, to read lavv and prepare himself for its practice.
Pie vvas admitted lo the bar in 1831 .and at once entered
actively into the profession, taking at Ihe same lime the
editorial chair of The Patriot, then a Democratic journal,
in j.iLace of N. F. Doubledy, vvho li.ad been elected lo Con
gress. He vvas the editorial manager of this sheet, which
became under his hands very influential during the canvass
for the second election of General Jackson lo the Presi
dency. The Patriot became the organ of a formidiable

preacher

'(7Vz£cc?-t^^-z^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

159

political organization, known to history as the Albany Re
gency, and for eleven years he controlled its columns, secur
ing notonlyits prosperous career, but for himself areptttalion
as a fearless writer and an able journalist. After this period
of editorial labor he confined himself exclusively to his
legal business, rising steadily in the estimation of bolh
bench and bar as a profoundly-read, keen, and energetic
advocate. He was brought into professional contact vvith
the late Wilham H. Seward, Hon. John C. Spencer, Hon.
B. Davis Noxon, Hon. F. G. Jewell, and ex-Governor
Seldon. His relations to the late Chancellor Walworth
were of Ihe most intimate character, and oy this eminent
official he vvas appointed Clerk lo Ihe Court of Chancery of
Nevv York, for ils sevenlh circuit, which position he held
until chancery practice was abolished in that State by the
amendments to the Constitution in 1846. During this
time he took an active part in politics, and vvas in 1842
appointed by Governor Bourk Supervisor of Auburn Slate
Prison, the Hon. J. W. Edmunds being at the same tirae
Supervisor of Sing Sing. With the latter he frequently
held conferences, and very many of Ihe most needful re
forms and improvements in these penal institutions, both in
discipline, morale, and management, were brought about
by thera. They introduced, as a corrective measure, the
cold shower bath. In 1855 Mr. Goodwin removed to
Detroit and became associated in the practice of law wilh
his brother Daniel, who has been connected with the
Judiciary of Michigan, bolh as Circuit and Supreme Judge,
for more than twenty years. In 1858 he reraoved farther
West, and located in Chicago, entering into partnership
wilh Hon. E. C. Larned. Their practice was a general
one, covering cases in all branches of Ihe profession, one
of the most celebrated of these involving the rights of
patentee in the Woodward Planing Machine. Mr. Good
win was retained forthe patentee, and after a most conclusive
arguraent, based on evidence adduced in court, the claims
of his client were affirmed in every particular. He acted
also as counsel for the inventor of Stevens' Car-Brake against
the Burlington & Quincy Railroad Comjiany, and achieved
a decided success. The patent case of Case vs. Brown, re
ported in 3d Wallace, was won by him in the final appeal
to the United Slates Courls. On page 445, 8th Wallace,
there is detailed another important issue which he con
ducted and won — that of Bennett vs. Fowler ; and in the
same volume, page 325, wdll be found Ihe Lady Franklin
Admiralty case, in which he distinguished hiraself again.
In 1863 he successfuUy defended an indictraent against
Hodge, accused of sending an infernal raachine to a wit
ness in the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Cora
pany's office. It raay appropriately be raentioned here
that wdiile yet a practitioner in the New York Courts he
was caUed to New Haven, Connecticut, and with Mr.
Kimberly and Roger S. Baldwin carried to a successful
issue the celebrated insurance case of Norman Bennett vs.
The Hartford Insurance Company, which was represented

by Messrs. Huntingdon, Ingersol, and Hungerford. In the
summer of 1861 the i6lh Uniled Stales Infantry, Major
Coolidge in coramand, was recruiting al Chicago, and there
occurred an unfortunate affair at the depot of the North
western Railway, a German, named Kratiz, being kiUed by
Captain R. A. E. Croflon of that regiment vvhile intruding
upon a car loaded wilh recruits, who were bound for the
camp at Desplaines. Great exciteraent ensued, Ihe entire
German population being greatiy incensed and clamoring for
Crofton's life. Mr. Goodwin was retained by the officers of
the l6lh Regiment to defend Crofton,vvhom he found in a noi
some cell of the old court-house jail, subjected to the greatest
indignities by the sheriff and his subordinates. Upon an in
vestigation into the circumstances of the affair he was con
vinced that the killing was unintentional, and in the extremest
view of the case could not be classed as anything more than
manslaughter. He thereupon, upon a writ of /;(;icn.r corpus,
had Croflon brought before a judge, and demanded his re
lease on good and sufficient bail for his re-appearance when
wanted. Sheriff A. C. Hesing, through his counsel, vehe
mently opposed this procedure, but upon a full and impartial
examination into the facts of the case. Judge Grant Good
rich of the Superior Court ordered the accused to be re
leased on bail. A grand jury, summoned by Sheriff Hesing
to make a return upon the bill of indictraent against Croflon,
vvere to sit for this purpose in the foUowdng week; but Mr.
Goodwdn and his associates prepared affidavits selling forth
Ihe prejudice of the sheriff against Ihe accused, and the im
possibility of his acting wdlh just impartiality in selecting
Ihe members of Ihe grand inquest. Upon their submission
to the Judges of the Circuit Court an order was procured
directing a venire for a new grand jury, lo be issued by the
coroner, Mr. James, instead of by the sheriff. This jury,
after a full consideraiion of tiie matter, returned a bill
charging manslaughter alone, although a great pressure w.as
brought to bear for an indictment for murder. On the
motion of Mr. Goodwin the venire was changed lo Kane
county, by reason of the excitement of the Chicago popu
lace, intensified by Ihe course of ils journals. Before the
cause could be reached, the l6lh Regimenl, wdth the officers
and witnesses, were at Ihe front and had already engaged
in battie. Major Coolidge feU whde gallantly leading his
raen, and Captain, now Colonel Croflon, won his proraotion
by courageous service. In this situation of affairs the case
vvas, by continuances, carried on the lists of the Court of
Kane county for two or three years, and then, upon motion
of Mr. Goodwdn, was finaUy dismissed. In 1863 his asso
ciate, Mr. Larned, visited Europe, and during his absence
he acted as Uniled Stales District Attorney for the Northern
District of lUinois, by appointment of President Lincoln, and
il was while serving in Ihis official capacity that General
Burnside seized the Chicago Times and ordered ils suppres
sion for disloyalty. He was retained by the military depart
ment to defend the action of General Burnside in Ihe pro
ceedings taken in the courls against him. He appeared to

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

oppose a motion for an injunction brought by the proprietors
of the Times, who vvere represented by Messrs. Joy, Dexter,
and Arrington. Before his argument, which he had prepared
with great skill and care, was submitted, however. President
Lincoln countermanded the order of General Burnside
suppressing the paper. In the spring of 1863 he conducted
the defence of Rev. E. W. Hager, an Episcopal minister,
rector of the Church of Ihe Holy Communion, against
whom charges had been preferred. His associate in this
case vvas Joseph B. Clarkson, brother of Bishop Clarkson.
The concluding argument for the defence, which lasted
thirteen and a half hours in its delivery, vvas a master-piece
of logic, and was one of the raost distinguished efforts ever
raade by Mr. Goodwin. Rev. Mr. Hager vvas acquitted,
and the verdict gave general satisfaction. There is, per
haps, no lawyer in the Northwest vvho has a greater or raore
varied experience in all branches of the legal profession
than that possessed by Mr. Goodwin ; none, certainly, have
ever conducted a greater number of leading cases in all the
various civil and criminal courts, whether State or Federal.
His practice erabraces, in addition, ecclesiastical and patent
law, and in both these branches, not only as an advising
counsel, but as an advocate at the bar, he has attained emi
nence. He is by nature a student, and has continued his
researches into the science of law ever since his admission
to practice, at all tiraes coraraendably desirous that there
should be, in any departraent, no detail of method, or
knowledge of principle, wilh which he should not be famil
iarly acquainted. His keen, analytical mind is at all times
conspicuous in involved cases, particularly in those vvithin
the range of the laws of patent right. His forensic efforts are
not only impressive in their eloquence, which discards mere
euphony, but convincing from the clearness and force of his
faultless processes of reasoning which compel belief. He
is irreproachable in character, courteous in demeanor, culti
vated in his tastes, and generous in his actions, and has .at
tained not only a leading position as a jurist, but an emi
nence in public respect which few raen secure. He is a
raeraber of the Chicago Bar Association, and lakes a deep
interest in all efforts to elevate the standard of the pro
fession, and advance the social and raaterial jirosperily of
the community in which he makes his horae. He was
married in 1835 to Miss Frances Dibble, and has three
children. One of his sons has been already adrailted lo
the bar. He is seventh in line of descent, on the paternal
side, frora Ozias Goodwin, and sevenlh in descent, on Ihe
maternal side, from John Collins. Up to the breaking out
of the war he was a Democrat, but since, that event has
always acted with the Republican party. He was an
earnest supporter of all measures for the vigorous suppres
sion of the rebellion. His speech at Bryan Hall, October
2ist, 1862, was a scathing philippic against the rebel sym
pathizers, in which he reviewed their conduct, and dejiicled
their treasonable purpose, did much lo bring the people of
the North to an appreciative sense of the danger they had

in their very midst, and to suppress the open fellowship
which the supporters of the Confederacy had constantly,
from the commencement of the war, exhibited. Il was a
remarkable effort, not only for its vigorous denunciation, but
for its searching scrutiny of that political action whose
culmination was treason. -»His address to the Chicago Bar,
in introducing the resolutions relating to the dealh of
President Lincoln, was an eulogy of no common degree
of merit. Throughout its brief and pointed sentences it
breathed the sentiment of the loyal heart of the nation,
plunged into grief by the blow of an assassin. He said :
" May it please your honor, I have a motion lo make of
a mournful character. I have been designated as the hon
ored instrument of my brethren of the bar to ask your
honor to make a public record of their proceedings on the
occasion of the dealh of ihe late President of these Uniled
States. And I pray God that it may be the last time that
such a motion, and under such circumstances of pain ar.d
horror, may ever be submitted to this tribunal. Abraham
Lincoln, the loving husband and father, the just and good
man, the jirofound lawyer, the eminent statesman, the
executive head of the nation, has fallen in death by the
hand of a dastardly assassin. There is a sameness jn the
language of grief, as there is uniformity in the habiliments
of woe. The great heart of the nation has been stricken,
and the sobbings of anguish are heard, mingled wdlh the
deep-toned curses of aroused indignation. Men whisper
with while lips the tale of horror. The nation is draped
in the emblems of sorrow, and mourners go about the
streets, for a father has fallen among his people. Abraham
Lincoln belonged to us, my brelhren of the bar, as a friend
and a brother, and a shining ornament to the ranks of our
profession. As such we loved him ; but he belonged more
emphatically to the nation and the world. Thrown into
life unaided by the adventitious surroundings of a family and
fortune, by the energizing force of his own high purpose
and intellect he has secured lo himself an immorlalily of
fame as the saviour of his counlry, as vvas Washington its
falher, and an equal place by his side in the love an.d
affection of his countiymen, and in the admiration of the
civilized world. In the noble school of a noble jirofession,
rendered illustrious for three centuries as the bulwark of
liberly, Abraham Lincoln learned to prize above rubies the
blessings of law and order, and con.stitulional freedom,
and the rights of man. It made him an early advocate of
the rights and interests of the toiling millions, and the con
firraed foe of oppression in every form. His keen sagacity,
his high raoral sense, and his logical, precision (almost
antedating his colemporaries) detected the designs and
dangers of Soulhern slavery, and made him its inflexible
opponent. He saw in it a growdng evil that was over
spreading Ihe land in necessary antagonism to republican
institutions and the civilization of the age. It had corrupted
the fountains of morality and humanity ; it had corrupted
, the fountains of religion and virtue ; it had corrupted the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

i6i

fountains of justice; and he saw that unless the judgment
of the fathers and of Christendom were to be reversed, it
must be arrested in its aggressive and unconstitutional strides
to universal dominion. His immediate reward was the
¦undying hate of the advocates of African slavery, both at
the South and at the North. Borne into the office of Presi
dent ujion the wave of an approving public sentiment, the
South sprang to arms for the mastery of the nation, and
the supremacy of slavery over the laws and constitulion of
the counlry. And nobly then did Lincoln redeem the
pledge of his nianhood. Amidst detraction and hate, he was
denounced as a usurper; amidst weakness and treachery,
and timidity and disaster, with the nation reeling and
staggering like a giant half wakened from the stupefying
slumber, through the long dark night of the Rebellion,
with an ever patient wisdom, and firmness and forbearance,
and an unfaltering trust in God, did he watch and pray for
the dawning of that day_wliich finally broke upon him in
all its refulgent splendor. In the hour of that sublirae tri
uraph he fell, the last sacrifice to the hate of slavery and
treason : in the last desperate spring of the insatiate deraon
in the pangs of approaching dissolution. Pie fell bearing
aloft the flag of his country at the head of ils triumphant
legions, as a banner symbolizing a nation one and indivis
ible, wdth power lo suppress domestic insurrection as well
as to repel foreign aggression, and a people altogether free;
for that had been spoken lo ihe nations of the earth in the
thunders of the victorious battle, had been written upon Ihe
hacked and broken armor of Ireason and rebellion. Plence-
forth the dear old flag will be a thousand times more dear
to every loyal Araerican heart — dear for what it has cost us ;
its evety star is radiant wilh the renewed glories of regener
ated Anierica; its very stripe has deejiened its crirason in
the life-blood of tens of thousands of martyred heroes in the
war of freedom, and received in the life of the last illus
trious victim a deeper-dyed baptism of blood. This last
great crime, at which humanity shudders and the world
stands aghast, is the very inspiration of slavery and a part
of its long-familiar teachings. It is the sjiirit that murdered
Lovejoy; that struck down Sumner in the Senate chamber;
that launched this fiery rebellion upon the country, vvith ils
unnumbered barbarities and atrocities. The cup of ils abom
ination is full, and the blood of the murdered Lincoln cries
out against it from the ground for retributive justice. Let
the chalice be pressed back to the lips of the authors and
leaders in this .stupendous crime, until they drink to the
dregs the bitter punishment called for by Ihe insulted raajesty
of the law, by the righteous indignation of an injured peo
ple, and a security and exaraple for all coraing lirae, remem
bering tiiat mercy to the individual raay be cruelty to the
Stale. The blood of ' the noble array of raartyrs ' has been
the seed of the Christian church, and Ihe blood of Ihe mur
dered Lincoln and his patriot soldiers slain shall cement the
fist foundations of our magnificent temple of constitutional
liberty. But, I thank God, Alraham Lincoln did not pass
21

from earth to heaven unlU he had fulfilled his mission ; had
secured the salvation of his country, and filled the raeasure
of his own glory in his signature to the great edict of the
century, that shall forever wipe out the shame of slavery
frora the land; that shall lift up labor from its degradation,
and shall rescue popular freedom frora the domination and
control of a pretentious, arrogant and raalignant oligarchy.
This is the brightest jewel in his crown ; the topmost stone
in the triumphal arch of his fame.''

J EMPSTEAD, HON. CHARLES S., Lawyer, first
Mayor of Galena, Illinois, vvas born at Hebron,
Tolland county, Connecticut, Seplember loth,
1794. His falher, Stephen Hempstead, w.as a
native of New London, Connecticut, and be
longed to a family of the eariiest settlers of that
State; on the outbreak of the Revolution he joined the
patriot array, and was vvith the first troops which assembled
at Boston after the battle of Lexington, April 19th, 1775.
He was with Washington, and arrived at-New York in July,
1776, vvhen the Declariilion of Indejiendence was read to
the troops ; he witnessed the pulling dovvn of the royal
insignia when the words " free, sovereign and independent
States " were repealed and acclaimed. In the same year
he was one of the forlorn hope sent on a perilous exjiedi-
tion in the fireships, which later attacked the British frigates
in North river. He was Ihe cherished friend of Captain
Nathan Hale, the " martyr spy," and vvas his corapanion
on the fatal mission. In 1811 he removed to St. Louis,
Missouri, where three of his sons had preceded him, and
settled on a farm situated a few miles from the present city.
Charles S. in 1809, then in his fifteenlh year, accompanied
by his brother Thoraas, left Nevv London in order to join
the oldest brother, then residing at St. Louis, Louisiana.
In the laller part of August they departed in a schooner for
Alexandria, wdience they travelled, via Winchester and
Romney, Harrison county, to Clarksburg, in Western Vir
ginia. They then took a canoe at Marietta, and, properly
equipped, started for Shawneetown, Illinois, vvhere they
finally arrived in tfie latter part of October; from that point
they walked to Kaskaskia, traversing the breadth of what
is now the State of Illinois. February 3d, 1809, the date
of the organization of this Slate as a Territoiy, Kaskaskia
was selected as the seat of the governraent, and Judge
Nathaniel Pope appointed one of the territorial judges.
Arriving at Sl. Louis in October, i8og, he immediately en
tered the office of his brother as a law student, the popula
tion of the town al that period consisting of but about fifteen
hundred people, of whom not raore than sixty farailies were
English-speaking. After corapleting his allotted course of
studies in the office of Edward Herapstead,he was adraitted
to practise law in the Territoiy of Missouri, by a license

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

dated St. Charies, Mis-souri, September I3lh, 1814, signed
by Alexander Stewart and John B. C. Lucas, Judges of the
Supreme Court of Missouri Territory. At about the same
time he vvas admitted to practise law also in the Territory
of Illinois, by a license signed by J. B. Thomas and Stanley
Griswold, Judges of the Territorial District Court. After
remaining in St. Louis about one year after his admission
lo the bar, he removed to St. Genevieve, and entered upon
Ihe practice of his profession, and Ihe discharge of the duties
of Attorney-General of the Southern Circuit of Missouri, a
position to which he had been appoinled by tbe then Gov
ernor of the Territory. St. Genevieve, then purely a French
settlement, was coraparatively an important point, and the
residence of many notable men of the earlier days ; among
such were General Dodge, subsequently Governor of Wis
consin Territory, and first United States Senator frora
Wisconsin, and Dr. Linn, then a young physician. He
there remained until 1817, when he returned lo St. Louis,
in order to take charge ofthe legal business ofhis deceased
brother, and also to conduct the settlement ofhis estate. In
l8l8-ig he was elecled to fill a vacancy in the Missouri
Territorial Legislature, which was the only legislative posi
tion he ever held : " this not from want of opportunity and
repealed solicitation, but from a decided aversion to political
life." From that lirae until the .spring of 1829 he continued
to practise law in Missouri, and during his residence there
vvas the valued associate of many of the distinguished raen
of his lirae. Colonel Benton, the Barton brothers, Josiah
.Spalding, Edward Bates, and others. The year 1829 wit
nessed a considerable eraigralion lo the Fevre river lead
mines, and Gale'ia, whose name signifies lead-ore, became
the point of attraction for a vast influx of population. It
vvas then that he removed from Sl. Louis to enter on his
profession in a new .and untried field, but one which to a
man of his ability, character and energy, offered sufficient
encour.agement. In the winter of 1830-31 he visited
Washington, and vvas a witness in the impeachnient ca.se
of Jaraes H. Peck, United States District Judge for the State
of Missouri, a trial which excited the highest degree of ixiblic
interest ; while there he was a listener to the raeraorable
speeches of Hon. James Buchanan, afterward President of
the United States, Hon. George McDuffie, Plon. Williara
Wirt, and others. While then sojournirtg at the capital, he
vvas present also during the faraous discussion on Foot's
resolution, wdien Webster and Playne spoke, also a dozen
others only less celebrated. Frora Washington he went to
Richmond, Virginia, and there saw in session the immortal
Virginia Constitutional Convention, composed ofthe greatest
men of ihe Old Dominion, men of genius and unrivalled
learning, whose discussions have been a storehouse of in
formation in political science, and a manual of reference
of sirailar bodies in the Uniled Slates since that time. Prior
to Ihis, in Ihe summer and fall of 1829, he vvas the Secretary
of the Commission, coraposed of General John McNeil,
Caleb Otwater and Colonel Pierre Menard, which treated

at Prairie du Chien, then in Michigan Territory, with the
Pottawatomie and Winnebago Indians for their lands, now
comprised in northern Illinois and soulhern Wisconsin. He
was appoinled, also in 1829, by Lewis Cass, then Governor
of Michigan Territory, District Attorney for the Eleventh
District of said Territory; in 1834 he vvas again appoinled
to the sarae office by Stevens T. Mason, then Acting Gov
ernor of Michigan Territory, bul declined the appointment.
He was present at Chicago in 1833 when the treaty was
made by Governor Porter, of Michigan, with the Pottawat
omie Indians, upon which important occasion there were
several thou.sands of Indians assembled .at the treaty grounds,
on the north side of the river, near the old Lake House.
In 1840 he was the oldest member of the Galena bar, and
possessed a very extensive and varied practice; " vvith a repu
tation for unswerving honesty and fidelity, foreign clients
intrusted him with their collections through that whole sec
tion of the country. He had more cases on the calendar at
that tirae than all the members of. the bar had twenty years
afterwards." In the fall of 1840, being troubled with a par
tial paralysis of the fingers of his right hand, vvhich prevented
him frora writing wdth ease and comfort, he secured the ser
vices as asisislant of a young lawyer known then to a few
simjily as Elihu B. Washburne, known now to all as the
Hon. E. B. Washburne, United Slates Minister to France.
That assistant was associated wilh him until 1841 — the dale
of the incorporation of Galena as a city, and his election as
first Mayor — then left him to engage alone in the practice
of his profession. In 1845 he connected hiraselfin partner-
shiji with E. B. Washburne, and this unity of profession.al
interesls continued for sorae tirae after the latler was elected
lo Congress in 1852. " Pie vvas regarded as an able lawyer,
a raan of sound legal judgraent and the highest professional
honor. He vvas not a fluent speaker, 1 ut his addresses lo
the jury were always effective, for his high and dignified
character added to his forcible presentation of his case. . . .
He was never a foraenter of litigation ; never made the
court of justice an engine of .oppression." He was always
a jirirae mover and liberal contributor whenever an enter
prise affecting favorably the jiublic welfare vvas under dis
cussion ; and vvas one of Ihe most prominent men in Ihat
meraorable pioneer enterprise, the Galena & Chicago Union
Railroad, of vvhich he was a Director in the first Board,
serving ably in that capacity for many years. Soon after
the outbreak of the Southern Rebellion he accepted the
office of Assistant Paymaster of the array, voluntarUy ten
dered hira by Abraham Lincoln, and " no officer ever served
more faithfully and satisfactorily than he did up lo the close
ofthe war." Early closely associated with the Presbyterian
Church, he vvas during his entire life " an example of the
highest type of the Christian gentleman," and he was as
widely known for his generosity and refinement as for his
natural talents and brilliant acquirements. Pie died at
Galena, Joe Daviess counly, IlUnois, December loth, 1874,
rijie in years, in learning and in experience ; and as exceed-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

163

ing honor had attended him throughout a long and useful
life, so did universal regret accompany him in his journey
to the tomb.

j, WIGHT, SAMUEL L., Lawyer, was born at Mount
Vernon, Jefferson county, Illinois, March 15th,
1 841. He is the son of Lewds Dwight and Ma-
hala P. (Casey) Dwight, a daughter of Governor
Casey of Illinois.' His common school education
was received in his native place, and later he
prosecuted a higher course of studies in the McKendree
CoUege, at Lebanon. At the termination ofhis student life
he decided to embrace the legal jDrofession, and commenced
the study of law in the office of Tanner & Casey, at Mount
Vernon. He continued thus occupied until the spring of
1864, when he entered the service of the United Stales as a
private in the 60th regiment of Illinois Volunteers. In
December of the same year he was promoted lo a First
Lieutenancy, and in April, 1865, to the Captaincy of Com
pany I. He had, in the meantime, participated actively in
the memorable battles at Ringgold, Dalton, Resaca, Rome,
Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenisaw Mountains, Jonesboro',
Averysboro', and BentonvUle, and his promotions vvere
conferred for bravery vvhile in action and general merito
rious service. During a portion of the time he vvas attached
to the staff of General Vandever. In July, 1865, he was
mustered out of the service, and returned lo his home in
Mount Vernon, resuming his study of lavv. In the early
part of i865 he moved to Centralia, and there, passing the
required examination, was admitted to the bar in Novem
ber of the same year. He then associated himself in a
pirlnership connection with Hon. Lewis F. Casey, and al
once entered ujioii the active jiractice ofhis profession. In
1870 he was elected to the lower house of the Legislature
from. Marion county, serving one terra. The firm of Casey
& Dwight enjoys an extensive and a remunerative prac
tice, and the partners are justifiably proud of Iheir rejiulation
as learned and honorable practitioners. He vvas married
in the fall of 1872 lo M. Irene Noleman of Centralia.

*ALLAM, JOHN L., M. D., by birth an English
man, was born February I7lh, 1819. Plis parents,
who emigrated from England to the United Slates
in 1827, settled in Edvvards county, Illinois, and
engaged in farraing and agricultural jiursuits. Pie
was educated at McKendree College, Lebanon,
and graduated from that in.stilution in 1843. After leaving
college he taught school for a period of two years, and then
began the study of medicine, which he prosecuted unaided
and alone. After acquiring a well-based and eleraentary
knowledge of the profession he purposed to erabrace, he
entered Ihe Medical Departraent of the University of Mis

souri, and graduated therefrom in i84g. He had settled at
Louisville in 1847, and upon receiving his diploma re
turned to his former residence and there entered upon the
active jjractice of his profession. During ihe ensuing len
years he reniained in that place, and built up a very exten
sive and remunerative practice. The field, however, being
lirailed, he reraoved to Centralia, where he is now estab
lished, ranking as a leading physician of the town. As an
obstetrician he has no superior in soulhern Illinois, and he
has been reraarkably successful in his raanageraent of pecu
liar and aggravated cases requiring the most careful and
skilful treatment. He holds the position of Surgeon ofthe-
Illinois Central Railroad, treating all cases of injuries re
ceived on the road, arid officiates also as Exaraining Sur
geon of United Slates Pensioners for his district, his ap
pointraent for the latter jiosilion being one of the first issued
to any jiractilioner in the State. In j-)olitics he was forraerly
an old-line Whig, and at the disruption of that parly es
poused Republican princijiles and jilalfomis, to which he
has since uniforraly given his supporl. pie has always
been idenlifierl wilh all associations and corporations in
which the raore prominent and active citizens of Centralia
have interested themselves, and is esteemed as a most use
ful, cultured and upright raeraber of society. Pie vvas raar
ried in 1850 to Miss Green, of Louisville, who died in
1856, leaving issue of two children; in 1866 he vvas again
married, to Mrs. Sar.ah A. Doyle of Centralia. One of his
children. Dr. W. L. Hallam, is also a skilful physician, and
relieves him in a great measure from raany of the cares con
sequent on his practice.

^f ARROT, VITAL, Lawyer, President of the East
St. Louis Bank, was born in St. Clair counly, lUi--
nois, Septeraber lOlh, 1805. His parents were'
French. Plis falher raoved ter Illinois in 1792,
and vvas there raarried to a resident ofthe French
settleraent, who is still living at the age of ninety-
five. He vvas educated at the Georgetown College, District
of Columbia, and graduated from that institution in 1S23.
On leaving school he began Ihe study of law with Judge
Pope, under whose instruction he remained two years, at
Ihe expiralion of which time he was admitted lo the bar.
Upon attaining his majority, however, he decided to relin
quish the further prosecution of his legal sludies, disliking
a professional career, and turned his attention lo farraing
and agricultur.al pursuits. He w.as thus occupied until 1833,
vvhen he becarae an active jiarticipant in the " Black Hawk
War," fiUing the jiosition of Adjutant-General'of the Illi
nois troops, and serving on the staff of Governor Reynolds
until the close of the conflict. In the course of the ensuing
year he went to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and there engaged
in trading. In 1835, after a year's stay in that jilace, he
returned to IHinois, and again devoted himself to farming,
.at vvhich he continued untU 1849. In 1S38 he vvas elected

164

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

to the Illinois Legislature from St. Clair county, serving
one term. In l84g, the " Gold Fever " then attacking the
entire countiy, he removed to California, and remained on
the Pacific slope during the following three years. He then
again returned to his farm, and in 1856 was elected to the
Legislature, re-elected to the sarae position in 1858, and
again in i860, each lime as a Republican, which places him
among the original supporters of this party. In 1865 he
received from Abraham Lincoln an appointment as Com
raissioner to the Sioux Indians, for the purpose of securing
amicable relations wilh that tribe. His attendant duties
kept him among the natives subsequently for eighteen
months, and his labors in behalf of peace were crowned
wilh success. On his return he settled in East St. Louis,
which is now his home, engaging in the lumber trade. In
addition to his interesls in that business, he is also Presi
dent of Ihe East .St. Louis Bank, and President of the East
Sl. Louis Co-operative Rail Mill Company.

cCORD, D. H,j M. D., was born in Bond county,
Illinois, Januaiy 23d, 1821. His parents, James
S. McCord, a native of Georgia, and Anna
McCord, a native of North Carolina, emigrated
to the Slate of Illinois in 1820. He was educated
at the academy in Bond county, and upon com
pleting his aUotted course of studies decided to embrace
the medical profession, and began, under the preceptorship
of Dr. Park of Greenville, the study of medicine. After a
preparation of two years he entered the Medical Depart
raent of the Illinois College, graduating finally from that
institution in 1847. He Ihen commenced the active prac
tice of his profession in Marion county, residing there per
manently for a period of seven years. At the expiration of
that time he reniov.ed lo Centralia, where he has ever since
been professionally and successfully occujiied. In 1855 '^e
attended the lectures at the -St. Louis Medical CoUege, and
ultiraately toot a degree in this inslilulion. His career as
a raedical practitioner, covering more than a quarter of a
century, has been eminently prosperous, and beginning in
the eariy pioneer days of the State, is replete with many
episodes and incidents of a most interesting and instructive
character. For ten years he was constantly in the saddle,
and thus raounted went daily his professional rounds through
a section of wild and sparsely settied country, many mUes
in extent. Centralia and the surrounding region was avast
and desolate waste of land, and the innumerable iraprove
raenls now visible there, wilh its rapid development, have
had him as a witness of their rise and progress.- He pos
sesses the confidence and esteem of his professional brelhren
and the general comraunily, and for several terms has filled
the position of Alderman, and been prominentiy connected
also vvith the management of the schools. He has always
eschewed politics, and those offices which he h.as held he

has accepted in order to contribute his quota to the general
good and prosperity. For twenty years he has been a
valued member of the Presbyterian Church, has filled va
rious offices in il, and has assisted materially in the erecli( 11
of its buildings, and Ihe advancement of ils interesls. The
order of Odd Fellows, which flourishes in Centralia, has
always been to him an object of warm and generous interest,
and at different times he has been an occupant of all ils va
rious offices. He was raarried in Seplember, 1846, lo
Minetta E. Avery, of Wisconsin.

OVEJOY, REV. ELIJAH PARISH, Clergyman
and Editor, was the son of Rev. Daniel and Eliz
abeth Lovejoy, of Albion, Kennebec counly,
Maine. His falher was a man of strong religious
convictions, and of rare independence and force
of character. He was in the ministry for twenty-
eight years, and died in it. His unflinching, outspoken and
sturdy Christian character was inherited by bolh his sons,
Elijah Parish Lovejoy and Owen Lovejoy, each of whoin
attained national reputations for their purity of conduct,
their zeal in all humanitarian movements, and Iheir rare
eloquence and skill as logicians. Elijah was born in Al
bion, Maine, November gth, .1802, just thirty-five years
prior to the day of his burial. He was one of a large
family of children, of whom three brothers and two sisters
survived him. His eariy life gave proniise of great future
usefulness, and gave external evidence of those trails which
distinguished his brother and himself He attended college
at Waterville, Maine, and graduated wilh the first honors
of his class in 1826. He was a man of poetic genius, and
coraposed verses of no usual degree of merit bolh as regards
their themes and tuneftd numbers. In May, 1826, the year
ofhis graduation from college, he went West and settled in
St. Louis, where he engaged in leaching school. A year
aftervvards he entered upon the more public and important
career of editor. In 1832 he W£is converted, and resolved
to prepare hiraself for the ministry. He took a course in
the Theological Serainary of Princeton College, and in
April, 1833, was licensed to preach by the Second Presby
tery of Philadelphia. For some months in that year he
preached at Newport, Rhode Island, and in New York city,
receiving at the laller place the tidings of his father's death.
Pie soon returned to St. Louis, and was urged by a circle
of friends to edit a religious p.aper in that city. He con
sented, and varied his journalistic duties by occasionally
supjilying pulpits in St. Louis and its vicinity. In his edi
torial career he .soon achieved fame and honor, falling at
length as a martyr to his zeal in advocating the princijjle of
American liberty. He was not, like his brother Owen, a
distinct and avowed abolitionist, but was outspoken and
emphatic in comment both upon the questions of slavery
and popery. His fearless conduct as an editor soon drew

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

i6s

towards him the concentrated animosity of the friends of
both these ifistitulions. He was threatened with violence
and death, but could not be intimidated in his determina
tion lo maintain the freedom of Ihe press. His Sl. Louis
office was torn out by a mob, and his press destroyed. He
re-established his paper at Alton, Illinois, amid much en
couragement and o|iposition, and on raore than one occasion
was publicly assaulted. Once he was assailed in the pres
ence of his family, and was saved by the heroism of his
wife. Three limes his press and printing materials were
destroyed at Alton by mobs, and when a fourth press was
announced as on its way lo the city, a force of volunteers,
friendly to him and his cause, undertook to defend it against
the ravages of the ruffians who had shattered all ils prede
cessors. It arrived in safety and was warehoused on the
night of Noveraber 7th, 1837, and about a dozen raen, in
cluding Mr. Lovejoy, stationed themselves about the build
ing to guard it. At ten o'clock they were attacked by the
mob, and retreated into Ihe building, through the windows
of which their assailants fired, and through which they re
turned volley for volley. Finding it impossible to dislodge
thera, the enemy fired the warehouse, and vvhen Mr. Love
joy opened a door for the purpose of reconnoitring he was
shot and mortally wounded, five bullets having been lodged
in his body. Pie ran into the second story of the building,
faUing upon the floor of the counting-room, where he soon
expired. His friends vvere then comjielled to surrender to
the mob, arid the fourlh and last press which he had brought
to Alton was utterly destroyed. He fell a noble martyr in
a noble cause, and was the precursoi: of the countless thou
sands who were sacrificed -during Ihe lale war in maintain
ing the jirinciples which he had, with no uncertain voice,
always advocated. He was a man of rare capacity as a
journalist, independent in thought and action, who could
tell the truth, hovvever bitter, vvhen there vvas truth to be
told. The mob which was guilty of his murder was cora
posed of jiro-slavery raen, vvho had firmly determined to
bridle the independence of the jiress or destroy it altogether.

LLEN, JAMES PL, Merchant and Banker, was
born in Preble county, Ohio, Januaiy 24111, 1832.
Pie is the son of Andrew Allen and Sophia AUen.
His earlier education vvas acquired in the schools
of his native State, and at the age of eight years
he vvas sent to Indiana, there completing finally a
course of study in the higher branches. Until he attained
his twenty-second year he lived on the paternal farm, and
then engaged in mercantile business, in which he continued
until 1S60. In the spring of 1861 he reraoved wilh his
firaUy to Iroquois co'.-.nty, IlUnois, where he continued to
jirosecule the business begun in i860. He reraained thus
occupied, nieeting with great and merited success, until
1869. At that date he removed lo Gilman, and devoted

his attention to the diy goods business until 1873, when he
becarae associated in a jiartnership connection with D. L.
Parker, with whora he becarae engaged in the banking
business, the firm assuraing the style of Parker & AUen.
He is a business man of acknowledged capability, and by
his keen insight into the fluctuations of trade and commerce
and his extensive knowledge of financial and monetary
matters, has possessed hiraself of the esteera and entire con
fidence of the inhabitants of Galena and the neighboring
sections of Iroquois county. The institution with which
he is connected is in good repute, and as a reliable house
takes rank with the raost prosperous establishments of the
Stale. He was married in l85g to Mrs. Laura C. Chandler
of Williamsport, Indiana.

ENNINGS, THOMAS C, M. D., was born in
Bloomfield, New York, May 8lh, 1837. He is
the son of Rev. Thomas I. Jennings of that place.
His earlier and preparatory education was ac
quired at the academy at Painesville, Lake
county, Ohio. Upon the terraination of his al
lotted course of studies in this ifistitution, he began the
study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. A. H.
Hayes, wilh whom he remained for a period of three years,
attending lectures subsequently at the Rush Medical College,
where he graduated in 1858. He dien reraoved to Wis
consin, and reraained there about eighteen months, engaged
during that lime in the practice of his profession. He after
ward removed to BelleviUe, St. Clair county, Illinois, and
was here professionally and successfully occupied until
1862, vvhen he entered the service of the United Stales in
the capacity of Assistant Surgeon ofthe 117th Regiment of
Illinois Infantry, and continued in active service until the
close of the war. Returning frora the field to lUinois he
raade East St. Louis his home, and there has since perma
nently resided, constantly engrossed in the multifarious
duties and cares which are the concomitants of an extensive
and increasing practice. He was married in 1868 to Clem
entine Ilinski, a former resident of Cahokia, Sl. Clair counly,
Illinois. HILLIPS, THOMAS IL, Lawyer, vvas born at
BellevUle, St. Clair county, Illinois, Noveraber
23d, 1837. His father was a native of Virginia,
his raother of Tennessee, and they eraigrated to
IlUnois in 1816, being among the earUer pioneers
and settlers of that Slate, now so thickly settled
and so marvellously developed. Losing his father in eariy
life he, vvhen but fifteen years of age, went out into the
world lo make unaided a road to fortune. During fifteen
years he lived at various times in twenty different States ;
and in the meanwhile, laboring constantly at one or another
occupation, put aside sufficient money to educate and fit

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

himself for his projected profession. Upon the completion of
his course of sludies at Shurtieff College, Illinois, he began
to read law under the supervision and able guidance of Hon.
W. H. Underwood, of Belleville, IlUnois, and at the ex
piration of his allotted term of probation under that precep
tor, passed his examination, and happening to be at Cairo,
Illinois, while the court was in session, was there admitted
to the bar. Returning thence to Belleville, he there re
mained for a brief period, then removed to Pana, Christian
counly, IlUnois, beginning there the active practice of his
profession. Subsequentiy, at the expiration of two years,
he removed frora that place to Anna, Union county, in the
same State, where he has since permanently resided, the
honored possessor of an extensive and remunerative cUent-
age, his practice covering several counties of southern Illi
nois. In politics his princijiles and sentiments have always
inclined hira lo the Republican parly, and upon various oc
casions he has ably sustained the actions and theories of
that parly, and vindicated ils procedures. During the clos
ing year of the lale war he officiated as Deputy Provost
Marshal for the Thirteenth Congressional District of Illi
nois, covering fifteen counties. In 1870 he was elected
City Allorney, and served in that position until 1S74. He
vvas married in 1867 to Ellen A. Hughes, a forraer resident
of Belleville, Illinois.

;OITL, JULIUS, M. D., President of the First
National Bank of Belleville, Illinois, vvas born in
Herzog zura, Nassau, Gerraany, April l8th, 1838.
His parents were natives of that vicinity. His
raother died in Germany, but his father, with six
children, emigrated to this country in 1853, and
settled in the Slate of Illinois. He was at this time fifteen
years of age, and had received in his native land a thorough
classical education. Iramediately after settling in IlUnois,
he began the study of the English language under the di
rections of a private tutor. He subsequently entered upon
the study of pharmacy, to which he devoted his attention
for three years, then comraenced Ihe study of medicine
under the- preceptonship of Dr. Trapp. Pie afterward en
tered the St. Louis Medical College, frora which instilulion
he ukiraately graduated. He was then engaged for one
year as Assistant Physician in the St. Louis Ciiy Hospital.
Reraoving finally lo Centralia, he vvas there occupied pro
fessionally and successfully for two years, at the expiralion
of which time he established-himself in Belleville, practising
in Ihe counties of Monroe and St. Clair. This town he h.as
raade his permanent home, and his practice tiiere and in the
environs is surpassed in extent by but few. Pie is the
President of the First National Bank of Belleville, and is
recognized as a prudent and far-seeing financier. He also
occupies the Presidency of a well-known and flourishing
lilerjiry association entitied "The Catholic Casino." Pie
is Corresponding Secretary of the St. Clair Medical Society,

and an honored and active member of the American Medical
Association. He is a public-.spirited and an useful citizen,
as well as a reliable and skilful jihysician. He was mar
ried in i860 to Kathrine Berghoff, forraerly a resident of
St. Louis, Missouri.

Q-JflllNAKER, JOHN J., Lawyer, was born in Balii-
'"^'" more, Maryland, in 1830, his parents being John
and Eliza (Young) Rinaker, who removed tb
Illinois in 1837, and located near Springfield.
His early instruction was obtained in the common
schools, and upon quilting these he attended
McKendree College, in St. Clair county, Illinois, securing
by careful and conscientious study a very substantial educa
tion. In 1852 he commenced to read law with John M'.
Palraer, subsequently Governor of Illinois, and in 1854 was
adraitted lo the bar. He entered upon his professional du
ties at Carlinsville, and continued thera without interruption
until 1862, when he entered the United Stales service as
Colonel of the I22d Illinois Volunteers, and served wilh
that coramand until the close of the Rebellion. He was
brevelled Brigadier-General for his gallant services. He
vvas wilh the army of Tennessee, the l6th Corps, and fre
quently vvas invested wdth the command of brigades and
divisions. Upon hfs return from the field he resuraed his
practice. He has attained a leading po.sition as a legal
practitioner, being thoroughly read in the law, and familiar
with all its modes and forms. He is able in argument, con
vincing in his logic, and eloquent in his address. He was
married in 1855 to Clarissey Keplinger.

TOKER, WILLIAM, Attorney-at-Law, was born
in Montgomery counly, Ohio, Noveraber lolh,
1822. He is of German extraction. His jiarenls
were Isaac Sloker and Massie Stoker. His ear
lier education was acquired at the common
schools of Ohio. At the age of twenty he began
the study of the law with Benjamin Bond of Carlisle, Clin
ton counly, and under his instructions completed the usual
term of probation, and vvas licensed as an attorney in 1844.
Pie then entered at once upon the active jiraclice of hisjiro-
fession in the town of Salem. He reraained there, however,
but for a brief jieriod, sorae three months or more, when,
owing to an affection of the eyes, he was obliged lo abandon
the further prosecution ofhis jiraclice until 1848. In 1846,
when troops vvere needed for the continuance of the war
wilh Mexico,, he was among the number who enlisted in the
2d Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, serving thirteen months
and taking an active jiarl in the battie of Buena Vista, and
in various olher engagements. Ujion arriving home after
being mustered out, he settled in Clay counly, and again
entered into the practice ofthe law, the improved condition

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

167

of his eyesight permitting him to resume his studies. In
that locality he reraained until 1854, building up in the raean
tirae a large and lucrative -jiraclice. In June, 1854, he es
tablished his office in Centralia, raaking this town his perraa
nent horae, and ranking as its oldest lawyer as well as one
-of its most honored citizens. In addition to his business in
Centralia, he has an extensive general practice throughout
southern Illinois, and in Clay county especially, his clientage
is of a varied and remunerative character. Pie has held the
office of Notary PubUc for nearly twenty years, and for many
years officiated as Alderman, and also acted in the capacity
of a meraber of the School Board. At the present tirae he
holds the office of United Slates Commissioner for the South
ern District of Illinois. He is prominent in religious circles,
and was one of the Lay Delegates to the General Methodist
Conference from southern Illinois ; he is also one of the
Trustees ofhis church, and a valuable and energetic coadju-
.tor in the questions and raoveraents constantly arising con
cerning the spread of the gospel, and the maintenance of
religious power and infiuence. He is one of the Trustees
also of the McKendree College at Lebanon, and has ever
manifested a vvarm interest in the welfare of that institution ;
and a Trustee of the American Central Insurance Company
of .St. Louis, Missouri. He was married June 27th, l84g,
to Martha A. Green, a forraer resident of LouisviUe, Illinois.
His son, Eugene L. Stoker, associated with him in the law
business, is weU-known as a skilful and upright practitioner.

ATES, ERASTUS NEWTON, Lawyer, Operator
in Lumber, and Brevet Brigadier-General, was
born in Plainfield, Massachusetts, February 29th,
1828. He is a descendant in a direct line of the
imraortal Pilgriras of the Mayflower. His father,
Erastus Bates, was engaged extensively in the
woollen manufacture in Hampshire county, Massachusetts,
but failing in business in 1836, moved with his family to
¦ Ohio, where' he shortly after died. Upon Ihe death of his
parent he was sent, while in his eighth year, to live with an
uncle. Upon attaining his seventeenth year he comraenced
teaching school, in this manner occupying his time in the
-winter months, while during the suraraer season he was era
ployed in working on the farra. Plis time and energies were
thus utilized during the ensuing three years. At the expira
tion of that period he determined . to secure a collegiate
training, and with this end in view entered the Grand River
Academy in order to undergo a course of preparatory studies.
In that educational establishment he remained for one year,
meeting the attendant expenses by chopping vvood at 37^
cents per cord. In the fall of 1849 he entered Williaras'
College, going through a full course, and graduated frora
that institution in 1853. Reraoving subsequently to New
York city, and having decided to erabrace the legal profes
sion, he there prosecuted the study of law, liquidating his

current expenses in the raeanwhile, by giving instructions in
the dead languages and the natural sciences, at one dollar
per lesson of one hour each. In his ardent pursuit of knowl
edge, however, he raiscalculated the extent of his powers of
endurance, and having seriously enfeebled his health by a
too close application to his studies, was obliged to abandon
them entirely for a time, and remove to Minnesota. In Ihat
State he reraained during the following three and a half
years. Erecting Ihere a large steara .mill, he allied himself
wdth the vast lumber interests of the surrounding country,
and vvas until 1856 actively and importantly identified wilh
them. He was then elected lo the State Constitutional Con
vention of Minnesota, where he conducted himself vvith
marked ability and admirable acumen. In 1857 he was
elected to the .Senate, and served vvith that body for a term
of two years. While thus variously occujiied, he prosecuted
also the profession of lavv. In the fall of 1859 he moved to
Centralia, Illinois, and there entered into active legal
practice, raeeting wdth merited success, and securing an
extensive clientage. In August, 1862, he entered the service
of the Uniled States as Major of the 80th Illinois In
fantry, and becarae subsequentiy an active and noted partici-
jiant in raany serious engagements. May 30lh, 1863, Strait's
Brigade, while on a raid, found theraselves in the rear of
Bragg's array, and were captured, he being made prisoner
in comjiany with a portion of his command ; he was taken
finaUy to Libby Prison, and there incarcerated with the rest
of his corapanions in misfortune. His imprisonment had
continued for about ten months, vvhen securing possession
of a parcel sent to him from home, he found in it a complete
suit of clothing, which serving as a disguise, enabled him to
walk unquestioned and unmolested beyond the Confederate
line of sentinels ; this occurring January 30th, 1864, at eleven
o'clock a. m. He started at once for WiUiamsburg, but
had been so enfeebled by confineraent and lack of proper
food, that after proceeding a distance of about eighteen
railes his strength deserted hira completely, and he was re
captured. He vvas then sentenced to thirty days close con
finement, and later was one of the fifty officers selected from
twelve hundred to be taken to Charleston, and submitted to
the fire of the Union batteries at Morris Island. While
there he fortunately escaped injury, however, and was ulti
mately exchanged, reaching home August nth, 1864, after
an imprisonment of fifteen raonlhs, a living skeleton weigh
ing but ninety pounds. After reraaining at his horae during
the following six raonths, he returned to his command, re
maining with it until the close of the war. He was succes
sively proraoted to the positions of Lieutenant-Colonel and
Colonel, and finally on account of gallant and meritorious
service was appointed Brevet Brigadier-General. Upon his
return from the field he resuraed the practice of his profes
sion, and in- 1867 was elected to the Legislature, serving one
terra with fidelity and efficiency. In 1868 he was elecled
State Treasurer, and in 1870 re-elected to. the same office,
serving four years. From his earliest days he has been

1 68

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

allied wdth the Republican party, and has always brought to
its sujiport a zealous co-operation, and abilities of no mean
order. He vvas raarried in the fall of 1855, in New York
city.

' EDGWICK, S. P., M. D., vvas born in Westmore
land, Oneida county. New York, February 7th,
1822. His- father, Parker Sedgwick, was an old
and well-known medical practitioner of Oneida
county for many years, and subsequently practised
also in Du Page county, Illinois. He was en
dowed with- unusual abilities and learning, and during a
professional career of half a century, secured a widespread
and raerited reputation ; .his raother, Eusebia Sedgwick, nee
Buck, was frora New Milford, Connecticut. His prelirainary
education was acquired at the schools in his native place,
whence he was sent to Cazenovia, New York, where hc
became a student in the Oneida Conference Seminary.
Upon the corapletion of his allotted course of studies, he
decided to erabrace the medical profession, and follow in
the footsteps of his father. Accordingly in 1841 he entered
the Geneva Medical College, and graduated frora that insti
tution in the spring of 1843. In the opening months of the
foUowdng year he turned to the West, and located himself in
the northern section of Du Page county, at Bloomingdale,
Illinois. In this place he practised successfully fcr a period
of twenty-two years, renioving subsequently to Wheaton, the
county seat, about twenty-five railes west frora Chicago, in
which flourishing town he has since resided, continuously
occupied in attending to the demands of a large and ever
increasing practice. At the breaking out of the soulhern
rebellion he immediately raised and organized a comjiany of
cavalry, which was ultiraately attached to the 8th Regiraent
of Illinois cavalry; of this organization he vvas tendered
the captaincy, but was corapelled to decline the proffered
honor on account of the enfeebled state of his health. The
8th Illinois Cavalry was subsequently coraraanded by
Colonel, afterward General John F. Farnsworth. In 1864
he was nominated on the Republican ticket for the State
Legislature, and was elected by a large majority. From the
opening until the final closing of the civil conflict he was
fearless and inflexible in his adherence to the cause of the
Union, and in many unostentatious ways rendered the gov
ernment services of a very effective nature. Though ear
nesdy interested in the movements, political and social, which
affect the interest of his Slate and country, he has an aversion
to the agitation and tumult of political life, which interfere
wilh his predilections for scientific study. In 1864 he was
appointed State Commissioner from Illinois to jiroceed to
the field and receive the soldiers' pay. In the fall of 1874
he vvas appointed Professor of Diseases of the Lungs, Heart
and Throat in the Bennett Medical College of Chicago.
During n long period of time he has made a special study
of the above-mentioned diseases, and in his treatment of

them evinces the possession of thorough knowledge and
skilful ability. He was married in 1S43 '0 Ethelinda D.
Pendleton, from Rhode Island, who died in 1854; subse
quentiy to Hulda C. Cody, sister of Judge Cody, of Bloom
ingdale, Illinois, whose demise occurred in 1858; and again
in 1859 to Louisa M. Cody, youngest sister of the above-
named judge.

OUDY, WILLIAM C, Lawyer, was bcrn, 1S24, in
Indiana, and vvhen eight years old accompanied
his father's family to Illinois, in vvhich State he
has since resided. Pie was educated at the Illinois
College, from which seminary he graduated in
1 045. He read law in the office of Judge Stephen
T. Logan, at Sjiringfield, and commenced his professional
career, 1848, in Fulton county. In the courts of that and
several adjacent couiities of the " MUitary Tract," he prac
tised his profession, as vvell as in the Supreme Court, and
the United States Courts at Springfield. Hc came into con
tact and conflict with such eminent lawyers as Abraham
Lincoln, Ncrman PI. Porple, Julius Manning, O. H. Brown
ing, Archibald Williams, Charles B. Laurence and others,
leaders of the bar of central Illinois, and so well did he sus
tain himself, that when, near the close of 1859 he took up
his residence in Chicago, he had achieved a reputation
second to none in that portion of the State. Frora 1852 to
1855 he was State Attorney for the Tenth Judicial District,
and from 1857 to 1861 inclusive a member of the Stale
Senate from the counties of Fulton and McDonough. These
are the only official positions he has ever held, partiaUy
through the fact that the party to which he has always be
longed has been of late years substantially in the minority,
but chiefly on account of his complete withdrawal from poli
tics and his close devotion to the practice of his chosen pro
fession. He received many votes for United States Senator
in 1863 in the Democratic caucus, and was a candidate fcr
the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and also a Delegate
to the National Convention of 1868. In the earlier years
of his life he was recognized as one of the most prominent
and promising leaders of Ihe Democracy of Illinois. As a
politician he became widely known as possessed of eminent
sagacity and wisdom. Profoundly attached to the funda
raental Jirinciples of the organization of which he was a
member, his extended knowledge of men and affairs in
Illinois, coupled with great mental astuteness, enabled him,
to skilfuUy raap out the proper course to be pursued in party
exigencies, and to indicate the best agencies to be availed
of for the achievement of desired ends. Plis withdrawal
frora the arena of politics, whether the term is used in its
highest or a much lower sense, was and is still considered a
loss to the community as well as to his party. While appar
ently an ardent partisan, he did not surrender to party what
was meant for mankind, and was in all respects a wise and
thoughtful counsellor where the public interests were in-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

169

volvea. As a legislator he has not probably been surpassed
in comprehensiveness of grasp of the ends to be desired, and
the best method for their successful attainment. He was
distinguished, as a State Senator, for his watchful care of the
interests of his constituents and of the State at large, as well
as for the prudence and skill with which he fnanied all
measures confided to his charge and conducted them to a
final issue. Il is as a lawyer, however, that up to this stage
of his career he wdll be chiefly known and upon which his
claim to future farae is most securely based. Having
achieved high position at the bar where he entered upon
legal practice, he reraoved to Chicago towards the close of
1859, and shortiy after deservedly took rank with those whora
he found foreraost in the new place of his abode. Follow
ing the course he had marked out wilh steady perseverance,
he finds himself to-day at the head of the Chicago bar. As
a counsellor he is prudent alraost to a fault, and rarely if
ever is worsted in any litigation, eiitry upon which he has
advised after raature deliberation. Of intense secretiveness,
his reticence enables him in the conduct of negotiations to
elicit the hand of his opponents without showing his own,
but he possesses at the same time that kind of wisdora which
concedes at the right moment, and does not obstinately per
sist in playing a losing garae. Always advising compromise
and settlement where they are attainable and better results
doubtful, he contends with dogged pertinacity when litigation
is entered upon, and is seldora driven frora the field. As a
real estate lawyer he is particularly distinguished, and it has
been accurately reraarked of him that " His opinions on
real estate matters are the result of an extended knowledge
of authorities, an intiraate acquaintance with the routine and
practice involved in such business, and an observation sharp
ened by long experience. He unravels wiihout seeming
difficulty the most intricate questions, and patiently but surely
reaches conclusions that are rarely other than sound and
complete." His professional distinction is not confined to
his real estate practice. He stands equally high in the do
main of constitutional law, and in the mastery of the intricate
questions constantly arising in relation to corporations, and
in fact for knowledge and skill in the application of the
fundamental principles and settled rules of all branches in
volved in general practice. He is constantiy engaged at
Ni-'^i Prius, in the State and Federal Courts, or in the argu
ment of important causes in the United States and State
Supreme Courts. There is no practitioner in Illinois who
has had a greater number of cases before the State Suprerae
Court than he, and the last fifty volumes of the " Reports "
bear evidence to the magnitude and success of his labors in
that tribunal. As a speaker he is singularly free from indulg
ence in Ihe use of rhetorical art. He is noted for clearness of
statement ancl facility of logical and concise expression. What
he desires to state he says so that everybody can understand
it, and he possesses the inestimable gift of discerning the
weak points in his adversary's harness, and the power to
direct his weapons full upon the vulnerable points. Some-
22

times he is rather too cold in manner, but though the argu
ment may seera to be cut out of ice, the conclusion is inevit
able, though court or jury raay shiver a little in passing
over the road to it. He is of medium height and build.
Pie has bluish gray eyes and regular features, whose expres
sion when in repose would rather seem to repel intimacy,
but to those who know him best he is genial, comraunicative
and humorous, and his friendships, once formed, are tena
ciously adhered to. In his private life he has developed the
best domestic qualities. Possessing an abundant fortune, the
ijesult of his professional labors, he commands and enjoys a
luxurious home, surrounded by a charming and affectionate
family. He is a consistent member of the Presbyterian
church, a constant attendant upon its ministrations, and a
trusted adviser in its councils. Eminent as is his reputation,
he may reasonably look forward to still higher achievement,
for to industry, learning, and acquirements such as his, no
height of professional honor is inaccessible.

ENNINGTON, JAMES T., Sheriff of Macoupin
county, was bom in Somerset county. New Jersey,
near the town of Somerville, in 1818, his parents
being Elijah and Martha (Todd) Pennington. He
received a common school education, which he
enhanced by self-application in after years, and
was taught the trade of a carpenter, which he followed after
his removal to and location in Macoupin county, Illinois, in
1837. He pursued this calling for fourteen years, and then
turned his attention to stock-raising and farming, which he
carried on with profit until i860. In that year he was
elected on the Democratic ticket to the Illinois Legislalure
from Macoupin county, and served two terras in that body.
He was one of the first Supervisors of that county, continu
ing in the board during the year 1871. In 1872 he was
elected Sheriff of the sarae county, and now retains that
office, fulfilling all its responsible duties wilh fidelity and
with general acceptance. He is a man of rauch public
spirit, and has at all times evinced a deep interest in all
movements for the advancement of the welfare of his fellow-
citizens. He was married in 1841 to Cynthia Bullman, of
Nevv Jersey.

ENCE, WILLIAM CARROLL, M.D., was bom
at Union county, Illinois, September 30th, 1844.
His parents were natives of this State, and num
bered among its earlier pioneers and settlers. His
father's name was John J. 'Lence. His eariier
and preparatory education was acquired in the
neighboring comraon schools of his native place, and also in
a principal raeasure at the Notre Darae CoUege, situated
near South Bend, Indiana. On the corapletion of his aUotted
course of studies in the latler establishment, he decided to
embrace the medical profession, and under the preceptorship

170

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of Dr. Schuhardt, began the study of medicine. Subse
quently, after reading diligentiy under the able guidance of
that tutor, he graduated from the LouisviUe Medical Uni
versity, and then settled in Jonesboro', now his home. In
1862, as the rebeUion vvas fast assuming serious proportions,
he entered the service of the Uniled States as a private in
the logth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. He served
throughout the war, and was an active participant at the
-battles of Vicksburg; Jackson, Tennessee; Yazoo City, Mis
sissippi; Liverpool Heights, Mississippi; Black River and
Fort Spanish, MobUe bay; and also in innumerable smaller
expeditions and skirmishes. At the termination of the con
flict he returned from the field, took up his residence again
in Jonesboro', and there, during the ensuing two years, was
engaged in farraing and agricultural pursuits, and also in
prosecuting his professional studies. In 1867 he was elected
to fill the City Treasuryship, and in 1873 elected Alderman,
and re-elected in 1875. ^*- ^^^ present tirae he is Exarain
ing Surgeon of Union counly for United States pensions.
He possesses not only an extensive practice, covering a
large area of the section in which he resides, but also the
confidence and esteera of the entire community, who recog
nize in him a skUful and trustworthy physician. He was
married in 1873 to Luella Mulkie, a resident of Jonesboro'.

ALL, GEORGE WILLARD, Lawyer, was bom in
ChiUicothe, Ohio, April 22d, i83g. His jiarents,
who were natives of New England, emigrated to
the West in 1840. He first attended the McKen
dree CoUege, at Lebanon, Illinois ; then entered
the Michigan University, graduating from that
institution in 1858. Imraediately after leaving school he
began to read law in the office of C. I. Simons, of Cairo ;
subsequently attended the Cincinnati Law School, and
graduated therefrom in 1859. He then returned to Illinois,
and in June, 1859, was adraitted to the bar, since which
tirae he has practised his jirofession, raeeting wdth rauch suc
cess and raaking Duquoin his horae. His practice extends
through the entire southern portion of Ihe Slate, and is of a
highly reraunerative character. For the past ten years he
has acted as Attorney for Ihe Illinois Central Railroad, and
his duties cover a district over two hundred miles in extent.
In this position he has had rauch laborious work, and his
career, though marked by but few striking incidents, has
been a very useful and successful one. His rejiutation at
the bar and among the people of the State is unexceUed,
and he is widely known as a skilful and honorable jiracli-
tioner. In iSoi he vvas elected a member of the Constitu
tional Convention, serving until ils close, and taking an
active and a prominent part in its proceedings. Also, while
acting with that body — of which he was the youngest mem
ber — he served on several important coraniillces. In 1864
he was elected Stale's Attorney for Ihe Third Judicial Dis

trict, and served in that office for a term of four years. In
1868 he was a Delegate to the National Democratic Con
vention, which met in New York and nominated Seymour
and Blair. In i86g he was again elected to the Constitu
tional Convention, which raet in 1870, and whose constitution
was afterward adopted. He was a member of its Judiciary
Committee, and also of various other committees of equal
importance. In 1872 he was the Democratic candidate fcr
Congress from his district, but was defeated by the Repub
lican norainee, although in every county he ran far ahead of
his ticket. He is at the present time connected importantly
with the coal-raining interest, and is to a considerable extent
part owner of a bank. He was married in 1862 to Celeste
Nettleton, of Duquoin, Illinois.

fllT'ORSMAN, CHARLES I., late Merchant and
Illl ^ Banker, of Rockford, Illinois, who was prominent
among the eariy settlers and pioneers of that
western country, arid who located in that place in
the fall of 1836, was born December 2gth, 1813,
in Boston, Massachusetts. He belonged to a
well-known Boston family, being a son of Edward Hors-
raan, who was Secretary of the old Commonwealth Insur
ance Corapany, one of the first organized in Boston, and
who died when his son was quite young. The latter re
raained under the care of his raother, Mary Hoisman, a
member of the Ridgway faraily, and attended the public
schools of the city. At the early age of nineteen he em
barked in the raercantile business and carried it on success
fully in the same building in which the celebrated Daniel
Webster had his office. He was married in 1 834 to Frances
A. Morgan, of Springfield, Massachusetts. His first experi
ences West were in farming and mercantile pursuits. In
connection with his father-in-law he made claira to a large
tract of land on which a portion of Rockford now stands.
The first nights of that period he passed under a tree on the
spot where has since risen his elegant mansion, one of the
finest in the State. By strict attention to business and un
deviating integrity he soon won the confidence of the com
munity; vvas appointed Postmaster under President Polk,
and was also the first Probate Judge of Winnebago counly.
Relinquishing mercantile pursuits he engaged in banking,
and until his dealh vvas more cr less connected wdth finan
cial affairs. ITe left a vvife and a daughter, who is married
to Edward J. Underwood of Washington, District of Colum
bia, a son of the late Judge John C. Underwood, of Vir
ginia. , Than Charles I. Horsman there is no one to whom
Rockford — one of the most beautiful cities of the West —
owes more of her prosperity, cr vvho was more universally
respected and beloved. Closely identified with the public
interests of the city, he felt an intense pride in its advance
ment and imjirovement, and the large and handsorae blocks
on State' street wdll long stand a monument to his entei-jirise

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

171

and success. He was a man of fine culture and elegant-
tastes, which he displayed in his home and its surroundings,
especially in his elegant grounds, which, covering two blocks
in the heart of the city, were laid, out on the most approved
and beautiful raodels and regardless of expense, and consti
tute one of the most charming features of the city. Hospi
tality was one of the most marked characteristics of both
Mr. and Mrs. Horsman ; no house in Rockford gave to
strangers a more delightful impression of the society of the
place than their always open doors and suraptuous table.
By this liberal and unselfish conduct he assisted largely in
bringing into Rockford a very superior class of citizens ; in
deed, the city owes many of her best residents to his
courtesy. It is almost irapossible to do justice to a life like
Mr. Horsnian's, or to the raen who with hira endured and
encountered the early hardships and dangers of the first
settlers, and in so raany noble and unpretending ways were
the means of developing a country now great in its resources.
Their lives are not of less ancl should not be treated as of
less importance than those of the statesman and soldier, for
their work will continue increasingly productive of good by
the advancement of civilization when nothing remains of
other ambitions, not even a name. In the fall of 1874 Mr.
Horsman left home, in company with his vvife, for an ex
tended tour through the South. On his way horae he raet
wilh an accident frora falling under the cars at Curaberland,
Maryland, which rendered amputation of his right foot
necessary. From the effects of the shock tq his nervous
systeni he never recovered, surviving only during a few days
of patient suffering. He was a member of the Masonic
fraternity, who took charge of the funeral cereraonies, and
fToni whom he received distinguished honors. Thus was
ciit off, a littie past the prirae, a very useful and honored
life, sincerely mourned by the entire coraraunity. He was
one of the body of raen m.ost prominent in the development
of the great West.

it<o LEXANDER, PPIILIP M., Merchant, was born
in Onondaga county, New York, October i.st,
l8ig. His parents were Solomon Alexander
and Elizabeth (Maxwell) Alexander. He was
educated at the comraon school in the neighbor
hood of his residence, and also in the private
academy located at Pompey Hill, in his native State and
county. In 1833 he secured a position as clerk in a hard
ware store in Franklin, New York. In 1838 he raoved to
Dixon, Illinois, and during the ensuing year and a half was
engaged in farming. In 1 840 he became clerk in a general
store, and continued thus occupied in the same establish
ment for a period of fourteen years. In 1854 he entered
into the hardware business on his own account, in partner
ship wilh George L. Howell, under the firm-style of Alex
ander & HoweU. The business then established has since
been continued by the partners on the same premises, and

has been prosecuted with vigor and success. As a business
man he is noted for his energy and careful raanagement, and
also for his unswerving uprightness in all relations, public
and private. Pie was raarried in 1848 to Eliza HoweU,
formerly a resident of Onondaga county. New York, vvho
was killed in the "bridge disaster" at Dixon, May 5th,
1873, when the bridge connecting Dixon wilh North Dixon
gave way and fell while crowded with people — an accident
by which about fifty lives were lost.

?^ ARRIS, CAPTAIN DANIEL SMITH, Mining
Operator, one of the earliest settlers of Galena, Joe
Daviess county, Illinois, was born in Delaware
counly. New York, July 24th, 1808. In 1816 he
emigrated with his parents to Cincinnati, crossing
the Allegheny mountains in a two-horse wagon,
and consuming thirty days in the transit. April 20th, 1823,
he started in a keel-boat for Galena, aniving there at the
expiration of two months' time. In the Winnebago war of
1827 he served efficiently as a private soldier; and during
the Black Hawk war of 1832 acted in the capacity of lieuten
ant. Soon after the close of the latter war he, in conjunc
tion with his brother, Robert Scribe, built the steamboat
" Joe Daviess," at the portage imraediately below Galena,
which was the first stearaboat ever built on the upper Mis
sissippi. The brothers owned and operated this boat for a
period of three or four years, running up the Wisconsin
river to Fort Snelling and various other points, and engaged
finally in the Illinois river trade, where ' they sold the boat
which had been the means of enriching them. They subse
quentiy engaged in building steamboats at olher points, ulti
mately completing in all about twenty-two boats, sorae of
them the finest crafts that floated on the Illinois waters at
that early date. Captain Harris afterward became a heavy
stockholder in the Galena & Minnesota Packet Corapany,
whose boats raade regular daily trips betvveen Galena and
St. Paul, having their southern terrainus at Galena. In this
line he commanded a boat for many years, enjoying the
reputation of being the most efficient as well as the raost
popular captain in the corapany. Since quitting the river,
which he decided to do sorae twelve or thirteen years ago,
he has devoted his attention chiefiy to operations in mining.
He arrived originally in Galena, June 20th, 1823, and has
resided thert ever since, being the oldest resident of Joe
Daviess county now living, with the single exception of
Hiram Hunt of Sand Prairie, who came -on the same boat.
The latter, however, was but an infant vvhen he arrived, and
too young to understand vvhat was occurring in those early
days of Galena's history. His colleague, on the other hand,
was fifteen years of age when he anived, and during a
period extending over half a century has been an acute and
intelligent observer of passing events and circumstances
connected wdth the local history of his adopted State, counly

172

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and tovvn. The census of 1820, which reports every locality
where there vvas a white settler, is silent relative to Galena,
and it is known that at Ihe lime this census was taken there
vvas not a single white raan in the place now known as
Galena. At various tiraes previous lo that date, however,
different fur traders had operated temporarily at the portage.
Toward the close of 1820 a trading-post vvas established in
Galena by Messrs. Davenport, Farnuni and Farrar, and until
1822 these constituted the entire number of white settlers.
Then arrived a party of thirty cr forty white men, wilh sev
eral negroes, and during this year two sraelting furnaces
vvere erecled. Thus it wdll be perceived that Ihe settlement
of the place by white men commenced really in 1822, and
that he arrived early in the ensuing summer. The craft
which brought to Galena the earliest settlers now living in
the county was the keel-boat " Colonel Buraford," fitted out
at Cincinnati by Moses Meeker, and vvhich arrived there
June 20th, 1823, loaded wdth thirty persons and seventy-five
tons of freight, consisting of tools, merchandise, and suffi
cient provisions to subsist the jiarty for one year. Among
the passengers and crew were Mr. Meeker, James Harris
and h's son ; Benson Hunt, wife and infant child — the latter,
Hiram, noW living at Sand Prairie — Jaraes Doyle, wife and
child ; Miss Worthington and Miss Buntz, these two last-
naraed being the first white women married in Galena.
Upon arriving at their point of disembarkation they found
there less than one hundred white settlers — eight of whom
were women — and about fifty negroes. They found five or
six frame shanties near the present site of the woollen raill, a
double log cabin, and a log and ash furnace where Mr.
McCloskey's store is now situated. These latter were the
property of Jaraes Johnson, who was conducting the sraelt
ing business, and who, in conjunction with one Ward, had
brought there nearly all the negroes raentioned above.
David G. Bates and A. P. Van Meater also had a double
log cabin and a smelting furnace on the east side of the
river. There was also the trading-post of Davenport, Far-
num and Fanar, on the present site of Martin's lumber
yard, and the store and warehouse of Thomas H. January,
at " January's Point," near where Westwick's foundry now
stands. These few buildings constituted the dwellings and
places of business of the entire white population, but the
hiU-sides and ravines were dotted thickly with the wigwams
of the Indians— Sacs and Foxes— of whom there were not
less than two thousand within the territory now constituting
the city limits. In the summer of 1823, soon after the arri
val of the keel-boat iraraigrants, Moses Meeker tried the
experiraent of smelting with a cupola furnace, but failed to
attain success. He then erected a log and ash fumace, of
the old pattern, about where the St. Jaraes Hotel now
stands; this was the third furnace erected in Galena, and it
continued in successful operation for raany years. Araong
those residem in Galena prior to 1830 were Drs. Connolly
and Sarauel C. Muer; Jesse W. Shtdl, who founded the
village of ShuUsburg in 1827; James Johnson, David G

Bates and A. P. Van Meater, the smelters; John Ray;
Nathaniel Bates and his wife ; WUliam Adney and his wife,
and Mr. Hardy. In 1824 arrived, among others, P. Hogan,
Michael Byrne, P. Dignan, T. Drum, M. Fawcett, Captain^
Orren Smith, James L. Smith, and Lucius H. and Edward
Langworthy. In 1825 arrived Major Henry Gratiot, J. P.
B. Gratiot, and Captain James Craig. The first-named held
for many years the responsible position of Indian Agent, and
his name is prominently connected with the Black Hawk war.
Pie was the father of M.s. E. B. Washburne. In Ihis year
also came John Foley, the first sheriff of Joe Daviess county.
Among those who arrived in 1826- were Major T. B. Farns
worth, WiUiam Hempstead, Allen Tomlin, M. C. Comstock,
Captain AUenwrath, Mrs. D. G. Bates, Captain Abram
Hathaway, and Captain H. Gear, with his family. In 1827
came Dr. H. Newhall, James G. Soulard, Solomon Oliver,
Governor Thomas Ford, Colonel James Strode, C. C. P.
Hunt, Captain John Atchison, Paul M. Gratiot and others.
In 1828, among others, came George Ferguson, William
Townsend, Jesse Morrisson, and B. C. St. Cyr. In i82g
arrived D. Wann, F. Stahl, Mrs. J. Atchison, and Emily C.
Billon. Among others who came at varying dales were Dr.
Addison Philleo, editor of the Miner's Journal; James
Jones, who established that paper; Samuel Scales, R.
Graham, the Gray brothers, B. Mills, Abner Field,., the
Argent family, and Moses Hallett and faraily. John S.
MiUer, who kept the Old Mansion House, near the Bank of
Galena, arrived in 1823. Captain Harris is at the present
tirae the President of the Early Settlers' Association. He
was raarried in 1833 to Sarah Maria Langworthy, a sister of
the Langworthy brothers, who settled in Galena at an early
day, and who now reside in Dubuque. Being bereft of his
wife in the year 1850, he, in 1851, married Sarah Coats, who
still survives. He has ten children living — five of thera the
issue of his first wife and five the offspring of the present
one.

ACKSON, ALBERT JUDSON, Lawyer and
Banker, Mayor of Morrison, lUinois, was born in
Knox county, Ohio, May 12th, 1837. His parents
were Nathaniel M. Jackson and Harriet (Nightser)
Jackson. He vvas the recipient of a comraon
school education, perfected subsequentiy by his
own unaided efforts. Upon leaving school he was engaged
for some time in teaching, and from 1858 to 1861 was em
ployed in Ihe office of Edward B. Warner, Treasurer of
Whiteside county, Illinois. In 1858, also, he commenced
the study of law in the office of the late Joseph Ware, and
was admitted to the bar in i860. He subsequently prac
tised his profession in partnership with his former preceptor,
until the death of the latter in 1862. In 1861, at the break
ing out of the civil war, he entered the service of the United
Stales in the 2d Regiment Illinois Cavalry, and was com
missioned as Lieutenant of Company A. In the foUowing

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

"73

year, however, he was obliged to resign on account of a con
tinued and serious enfeeblement of health. From 1863 to
1865 he was engaged in the banking business at Morrison,
in connection with E. B. Stiles, of Dixon. During the
same period he was also engaged in the practice of law, in
partnership with O. T. Woodruff. In May, 1865, the First '
National Bank of Morrison was organized, and he became
the Cashier of that institution, a position which he still re
tains. In 1875 he was elecled Mayor of Morrison. Pie
was married in 1864 to Jane Quakenbush, of Morrison,
Illinois.

kE FOE, AUGUSTUS, M. D., was born in St.
Eustache, Canada, January i8th, 1824. He is of
French extraction. His parents were Augustin
De Foe and Margueritta De Foe. He received
his education in the schools of his native city. At
the termination of his allotted course of earlier
studies he became employed as foreman in a hat establish
ment in Newark, New Jersey, where he reraained for two
years. He then moved to Louisville, Kentucky, and there
filled a sirailar position. He removed thence to Evansville,
and during the ensuing eighteen months engaged in mer
cantile business. He subsequently relinquished his mercan
tile relations, and deciding to embrace the medical profes
sion, began the study of medicine under Professor Weaver,
with whom he reraained for one- year, and later under the
supervision of Professor WiUiara H. Byford, then of Evans
ville, now of Chicago, with whom he remained for two
years. In 1852 he graduated from the Evansville Medical
College, and at once engaged in the civil practice of his
profession, in which he has since, excepting only the period
of time spent in the service of Ihe United States, been unin
terruptedly engaged. He began his practice originaUy at
Owensville, Indiana, where he remained for twelve months,
and then, in 1853, removed to McLeansboro', where he has
since permanently resided. In 1862 he entered the amiy as
Chaplain of the 6lh Regiment of Illinois Cavalry, serving
actively until 1865. During the whole of that time he acted
in the double capacity of Assistant Surgeon and Chaplain,
and was with his command at the battles of Coldwater and
Ripley, at the two engagements on the Tallahatchie river, at
Memphis when Forrest made his notable raid, at Nashville,
and at various other minor skirmishes and conflicts. After
the close of the rebellion he retumed to his horae and re
sumed the practice of his profession, meeting with marked
success. In 1868-69 he attended a course at the Louisville
Medical University, finally graduating from that institution.
He is a member of the Medical Society of Hamilton county,
also of the Southern Illinois Medical Society, and was the
first President of both societies. He is an influential and a
zealous meraber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
and in the subordinate lodges has in tum occupied all the
chairs in the order. He has also been a member of the

Grand Lodge and the Grand Encampment. He is consid
ered generaUy the ablest surgeon in southern Illinois, and
his practice extends over a wide section of that country. He
vvas married three times— to Estelle Sloan, of Boston, who
died three years after marriage ; to Mrs. Harriet Needham,
of New Albany, who died in 1870, after twenty years of
wedded Ufe; and in 1871 to Hattie Coney, of Indiana, who
is still living.

ENRY, BEVERLY WALTER, Lawyer and
Banker, was born in Shelby county, Illinois, in
April, 1834. His parents are Bushrod W. Henry
and Elizabeth Henry, natives of Virginia,
who, emigrating in 1827 to Tennessee, removed
lo Illinois in 1830. He received his education
in the schools of the latter State, principally at the Sullivan
Academy, located in Moultrie county. Upon attaining his
nineteenth year he began the study of lavv with Hon. John
R. Eaton, and graduated subsequently at a law school in
Tennessee, when he was admitted to the bar. He soon
after established himself at Vandalia, Illinois, where he
began the active practice of his profession, and rapidly
secured an extensive clientage, vvhich has since been con
stantly increasing in proportions and improving in character.
Upon the outbreak of the rebellion he entered the service
of the United Stales, in 1861, as an Adjutant, and prior to
his discharge was promoted to a Captaincy. In 1869 he
was elected a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
which framed Ihe present Constitution of the Slate of Illinois,
and was an influential and efficient member of that body.
He is also an active and energetic business man, being a
Director and Vice-President of the Farmers' and Mechanics'
National Bank of Vandalia, and the principal owner and
operator of the large flouring mill of B. W. Henry & Bro.,
situated in Vandalia. He has held at various times several
minor county offices, and invariably discharged their attend
ant duties with perfect satisfaction to all concerned. In
politics he is a Democrat, and on many occasions has ably
sustained the policy of his parly. He is a man of great
mental vigor, with a varied fund of scholarly attainments,
and a lawyer of more than ordinary ability. He was mar
ried in 1863 to Sarah Johnson, a resident of Vandalia,
Illinois.

w,-' WEET, HON. MARTIN P., Lawyer, sometime
Itinerant Methodist Minister, vvas born in Delphi,

Onondaga county. New York, Deceraber 31st,
1806. His parents were John Sweet and Mary
Sweet. In 1838, believing that in the West was
to be found a wdder field for the profitable exer
cise of skill and energy, he carae to Illinois and established
hiraself temporarily in Winnebago county. In 1840 he
abandoned his farm and agricultural pursuits, and removed

174

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

lo Freeport, in the same State. In this place he opened a
l.iw office, iraraediately upon his arrival, and soon acquired
an extensive and reraunerative clientage. From that date
until 1858 he participated prominently in every political
campaign of importance, delivered many forcible and
brilliant speeches and in many ways controlled various
elections by the sweeping power of his oratory. From
1845 until the close of 1848 he acted in the capacity of an
itineranl Methodist minister, and whUe thus emjiloyed in
disseminating the gospel, and seeking by Christianly
precept and example lo save the souls of his brethren, was
instrumental in effecting much good throughout the sec
tions of country through which he travelled. Prior to this,
in 1844, he was the Whig candidate for Congress. Alike
in the, forura, the pulpit and on tiie " slump," he was a
gifted and eloquent speaker. He died March 5th, 1864.

[^OLLISTER, JOHN HAMILCAR, M. D., was
born in Monroe counly, New York, August 5th,
1824. His ancestors. New England people on
both the paternal and Ihe maternal side, were
active and efficient participants in the Revolu
tionary struggle for independence. His father,
HoUisler, was Government Surveyor of large
sections of Missouri and Arkansas; was in the United
Slates service during the War of 1812, and, severely
wounded at Lundy's Lane, died at the early age of thirty-
five ; his mother, Mary Chamberlin HoUisler, still survives,
aged seventy-eight years. While in his infancy he reraoved
with his parents to that section of the State of Michigan
now known as Romeo, M.acomb counly. Upon attaining
hii fourteenth year he returned to Rochester, New York,
and subsequently passed his literary course at the Rochester
Collegiate Institute. He Ihen pursued the required line
of sludies in the Normal department of Ihat institution and
fitted himself for the proper fulfilment of the duties of a
teacher, and vvas thus engaged more or less for five years.
January Isl, 1844, he commenced the study of niedicine,
and in November, 1847, graduated at the Berkshire Col
lege, Massachusetts. Iraraediately upon beginning the
practice of his profession, at Grand Rapids, Michigan, he
met wilh gratifying success, and during the ensuing five
years became one of the most trusted physicians of that
section. In 1855 he reraoved to Chicago, and throughout
the years 1857-58 and i85g filled the position of Demon
strator of Anatomy in the Rush Medical College. Upon
the founding of the Chicago Medical College he was
appointed Professor of Anatoray, and at the expiralion of
four courses was transferred, by request, to the chair of
Physiology; al the expiration of four courses, he was
again, by special request, transferred to the chair of Gen
eral Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, which latter
important office he still fills, having down to the present

time given annuaUy nineteen courses of lectures. He is
now President of the Steele Medical Society, of which he
was formeriy Treasurer for fourteen consecutive years, and
a valued and honored member. He is also Clinical Pro
fessor of Medicine in Mercy Hospital, where, during the
college term, he annually gives instruction lo the members
of the vari-ous medical societies of the city; while in the
perforraance of those onerous and important functions his
deportment has ever been characterized by modesty and
learning. Also, he is a member of various medical asso
ciations, the Academy of Sciences, and of many olher
societies of a scientific and literary character. While
travelling in Europe he secured the esteem and friendship
of many of the leading foreign physicians and savants, and
gleaned much useful knowledge concerning the details of
management and treatment adopted in the European
hospitals and infirmaries ; also a valuable store of informa
tion relative to methods of instruction. He is the author
of many papers upon medical subjects, which have ap-
jieared frora tirae to lime in various organs, and is Ihe
possessor of a vigorous and masterly style. The great fire,
which destroyed his residence, consumed also his library,
a large and valuable collection of books and manuscripls,
vvhich it will be alraost impossible to replace and which
had been the fruit of judicious and careful research bolh
in this country and abroad.

\
f^ URNER, COLONEL THOMAS I., Lawyer,
Journalist, first Mayor of Freeport, Stephenson
counly, Illinois, and Congressman, was born in
TrurabuU county, Ohio, April 5th, 1815. His
parents removed lo Butler county, Pennsylvania,
when he was about ten years of age, where he
was employed in working on a farm. At the age of
eighteen he left his home and travelled westward, hailing
at Chicago, then a sraall and secluded village, from where
he moved to Laporte county, Indiana, in which place he
resided during the en: uing three years. Later, he rtmoved
to the mining districts of Galena and southwestern Wis-
con.sin, with head-quarters at Dubuque, occupying himself
in constructing bellows and olher machinery for the
furnaces. In the spring of 1836 he located himself in
.Stephenson counly, and, being a wheelwright, engaged in
building mills. In May, 1837, in pursuance of an act of
the General Assembly, an election was held at the house
of William Baker, at Freeport, for the civil organization of
Stephenson county, and on this occasion he was selected as
one of the judges of election, the first office ever held
by him. On the foUowing December 6th he entered into
a contract wilh the counly coranii.ssioners to build a counly
court-house and also a log jail. This contract he faithfully
fulfilled before the fall of 1838, and erected the frame
court-house which was subsequently in existence unlU

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

175

April, 1870. In the spring of 1840 he was admitled to the
bar; rapidly secured an extensive and lucrative clientage,
and early in 1841 was elected to the office of Justice of the
Peace and Probate Justice. He was also appoinled by
Governor Ford Slate's Allorney, and by his energy and
assiduous application .to the duties attendant on that office
was eminently successful as a jirosecutor of dangerous
offenders. During his terra of office the gang of assassins
and robbers who infested the Rock river country was
routed and destroyed, and Ihe raurderers of Colonel Daven
port were tried and executed. In 1846 he was elected to
Congress on the Democratic ticket frora the Congressional
district composed of Stephenson and olher counties, and'
known .as " the Joe Daviess Di.slrict." In Deceraber,
1847, f^nii while a member of Congress, he established the
Prairie Democrat, vvith S. D. Carpenter as publisher, the
first and only newspaper in the counly. In July, 1853, the
name of that journal was changed to the Freeport Bulletin,
and under Ihis it has been published ever since. At the
expiration of his first term he returned to private life, and
again resumed Ihe jiractice of law. In 1850, on the initia
tory organization of the village of Freeport, he was selected
to fill one of the five trusteeships of the viUage ; and at the
first meeting of the trustees, held in the court-house, Sep
tember 2ist, 1850, they completed their organization by
electing him lo the Presidency of the Board. In 1854 he
was elecled to the Slate Legislature and chosen Speaker of
the Plouse of Representatives. The General Assembly, at
its session in 1854-55, chiefly through his influence, passed
an act for the incorporation of the city of Freeport. The
first municipal election for city officers was held April 2d,
1855, and ils result was his election lo the Mayoralty, a
position for which he was admirably qualified and whose
numerous functions he performed vvith unswerving recti
tude and notable ability. He was a member of the Peace
Conference, held in Washington in 1861, and there con
ducted himself with raoderation and inflexible loyalty amid
niany tumultuous scenes. Upon his return from the
Capital he was commissioned Colonel, and organized the
15th Regiment of IlUnois Volunteers, rendezvousing in the
fair grounds of Stephenson counly. May 24th, 1861, the
regiment was mustered into service, being the first three
years regiment mustered in the war for the support of the
Union cause. He was ordered to Ihe South wdlh his com
mand, but not being sufficientiy robust for active service,
and being unable also lo endure the fatigue of forced
marches and exposed camp-life, he was ultimately .assigned
in command of a camp of instruction at Alton, Illinois,
Later, he was assigned to the comraand of the Ist Division
of the Array of the West, and reraained in active service
until the fall of 1862, when he was corapelled to resign on
account of the serious enfeeblement of his health. He
then removed teraporarily to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
in order to secure the care and treatment of the eminent
Dr, Pancoast for cancer of the chest, A permanent cure

was then regarded as extremely doubtful; but through a
delicate surgical operation his heallh was apparently
restored, although it is believed that he never fully re
covered from the shock sustained by his system in general.
After his return lo Illinois he again resumed, in 1863, the
practice of his profession; and in November, i86g,'was
elecled a meraber frora his district to the Constitutional
Convention to revise the Constitution of Ihe Slate of
Illinois, Many of the raost important provisions of that
instrument were drafted by him and are the direct result
ofhis arduous labors. He was recognized as the leader of
that body, and his counsel shaped many of the articles
which have made Ihe new Constitution of IlUnois an ad
mired raodel for olher States. He was also indefatigable
in securing Ihe adoption of the Constitution by the people.
In 1871 he was again elected lo the House of Representa
tives at Springfield, and was the Democr.atic CEindidate for
United Stales Senator .against Logan. In July, 1871, he
ojiened an office in Chicago for the practice of law. Dur
ing the Presidential carapaign of 1872 he was the candidate
in Chicago on the Liberal ticket for Slate's Attorney,
against Mr, Reed, but failed to secure an election, Feb
ruary 22d, 1873, Ae new court-house of Freeport was dedi
cated, and he was selected by the Building Coramittee to
officiate, and delivered the dedicatory address, " In that
address he reviewed the history of Stephenson county.
Being prominent in Ihe organizalion of the counly, and
identified with neariy every change and act of ils eariy
history, his address furnished many reminiscences and inci
dents of this city and counly of which to-day there is no
further record, Il was the crowning act of his life in the
very city where he commenced his public career a quarter
of a century before," At Ihe ciiy election in Chicago, in
Ihe fall of 1873, he was induced lo accepi Ihe noraination
of the Law-and-Order parly for the office of City Attorney,
and, with Ihe balance of Ihe ticket, was defeated. In
February, 1874, being greatiy afflicted wilh neuralgia of
the shoulder, he went lo the Hot Springs, Arkansas, fail
ing, however, to secure the object for which he had gone;
the disease, leaving his .shoulders, seltied in his hips, and
frora that lime until death supervened his sufferings vvere
unremitted and extrerae. He was a member of the Pres
byterian Church, and for raany years prorainent in Masonic
circles, having held during two years the office of Grand
Master of the Slate of Illinois, He died al Hot Springs,
in the Slate of Arkansas, Friday, April 3d, 1874, aged
fifty-eight years, eleven months and twenty-eight days.
Upon the receipt of Ihe news of his dealh by Governor
Beveridge of Illinois, he detailed Adjutant-General Hig
gins to receive the remains and escort thera from St, Louis
to Chicago, Subsequently, the reraains lay in stale in the
Circuit Court room, whence they were escorted by an
enormous concourse of people to Ihe First Presbyterian
Church of Freeport, vvhere the last riles were perforraed by
Rev, Isaac E, Carey, The after tributes of respect and

176

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

sorrow were many in nuraber, and forwarded from in
nuraerable localities throughout a wide area of country; at
various general meetings of Masons special committees
were appointed to draft resolutions of respect for the
memory of their deceased brother; and the merabers ofthe
Stephenson county bar, assembled at the office of James S.
Cochran, State's Attorney, also passed resolutions of a
most comjilimentary nature, reflecting additional lustre on
the raerits and achievements of the deceased.

!|^ ASE, SPENCER M,, Lawyer and State's Attorney
[1 1*1 of Illinois, was bom in Rush township, North-
uraberland counly, Pennsylvania, August 2d,
1833, His father, Williara H, Kase, was a
native of Pennsylvania; his mother, Elizabeth
(Haughanrout) Kase, of New Jersey, His
earlier and preparatory education was acquired in the
Lafayette College, at Easton, where he graduated in 1851,
In ihe same year he becarae a raeniber of the railitary
organization known as the " PhUadelphia Grays," holding
the rank of Sergeant; later, he vvas proraoted to the Cap
taincy of his corapany, his commission being given hira by
Governor Pollock, Upon abandoning college life he
resolved to erabrace the legal profession, and entered the
law office of Joshua W, Coraly, at Danville, Pennsylvania,
under whora he studied for a period of three years. At
the termination of his probationary course he was admitted
to the bar, and began the practice of his profession in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1855,
Prior lo this, in 1852, he acted as State's Attorney for
Northumberland county. In June, 1855, he was sent by
the Democratic Slate Central Committee to Kansas, as cor
respondent for the Pennsylvanian, and remained in that
counlry until May, 1856, when he relumed to Penn.syl
vania and identified himself wdth the political campaign of
the hour, associated wilh Governor Bigler under the
cognomen of " Occasional," In 1857, after the election,
he removed to Belleville, Sl, Clair county, Illinois, which
is now his home. Shortly after establishing himself in this
town he becarae a law partner of Governor Reynolds, con
tinuing in association with him during the ensuing two
years. He then connected himself in a similar partnership
wd.h Hon. P, B, Fouke, wilh whom he was associated for
six years, during which time he officiated as Stale's At
torney, He was afterward the law partner of Hon, John
HinchcUffe for four years, then of A, S, Wilderraan for
three years, after vvhich, at the dissolution of the last-named
partnership connection, he again becarae the partner of
Hon, John HinchcUffe, wilh whom he has since acted in
concert. In 1873 he was elected to Ihe Legislalure frora
Sl, Clair counly, his terra of office expiring in 1874. In
May, 1875, he was again raade Stale's Attorney, and still
retains that position, performing ils functions with vigor

and thorough efficiency. Since his earliest days he has
been a sujijiorter of the Democratic parly, and was recently
a raember of Ihe Democratic Slate Central Coramittee.
Throughout a career of varied experiences his conduct has
invariably been such as to redound to his credit, and both
in public and in private life he is known as a trustworthy
citizen and a man of unusual powers. Pie was married, in
December, 1S56, to EUzabeth Sumner, cf Milton, Perm-
sylvania.

USTACE, JOPIN v.. Lawyer and Judge, was
born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September
gth, 1 82 1. plis parents were Rev. Thomas
Eustace, a well-known Presbyterian minister,
and Fanny (Ingersoll) Eustace. His education
was acquired at the University of Pennsylvania,
from which institution he graduated in 1839. Having de
cided to erabrace the legal jirofession, he began the study
of lavv under the supervision and able guidance of Charies
D. Drake, of St. Louis, Missouri. Ujion the corapletion
of his probationary course of legal studies, he passed the
required exaraination and was admitted to the bar in 1842.
In August, 1843, he removed to Dixon, Illinois, where he
has since permanently resided, possessing not only an ex
tensive and reraunerative clientage, but also the confidence
and esteera of the general community of which he is a
prominent and an honored citizen. In 1856 he was elecled
a meraber of the Legislature, and while acting in that
capacity evinced the possession of efficient and useful
abiUties. In 1857 he was elected a Judge of the Circuit
Court, serving one term. Republican in politics, he was
one of the electors for Lincoln, and brings to the support
of his party talents of no mean order. He is a skilful prac
titioner and ranks wilh the more prominent and influential
lawyers of the town and counly. He is an active mover,
also, and a valued coadjutor in all movements and enter
prises affecting the status, social and political, of his State
and the general body of his fellow-citizens.

AINEY, HON. JEFFERSON, Stale Senator of
the Forty-ninth District of Illinois and Coal
Operator, was born in Randolph county, Illinois,
April 20th, 1820. His father, Isaac Rainey, a
veteran of the War of 1812, emigrated to IlUnois
in 1817 and engaged in farraing, first in Ran
dolph counly, and afterward in St. Clair county, which was
his horae until his decease, in 1872. His education was
acquired at the district school of the latter place. Upon
abandoning student life he was occupied for a brief period
in teaching school, and afterward engaged in farming on
government land, which he entered and which remained
in bis possession until very recentiy. The first few years

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDI A:

177

of his life on the farm were occupied principally in stock-
raising, dealing extensively in stock of all kinds, and
making that, in fact, his principal business down to 1865.
He has been the owner of farming lands nearly 3000 acres
in extent, and at Ihe present tirae has under thorough cul
tivation over 1700 acres. In September, 1867, he removed
to Belleville, where he now permanently resides, while
giving careful attention to the operation of his farraing and
agricultural interests. In 1869 he was elecled Alderraan
for Belleville, and Ihis position he filled for six consecutive
years. He now officiates as the acting Mayor. In 1874
he was elected State Senator, for a term of four years, from
St. Clair county. He was elected on the Democratic
ticket, and to the party which he espoused at an early date
he has invariably given his support, as did also his father
prior to his demise. While living on his farm he acted as
Justice of the Peace for eleven years successively. He is
the present owner of the While Oak Coal Mine, in St. Clair
county, which is being successfully worked. While acting
in a public capacity he has never failed to protect the
interests of his constituency, and by his able and vigorous
tactics has been instrumental in securing many advantages
to his neighboring fellow-citizens. He was married, in
1840, to Miss Lyons, of St. Clair county.

jEERY, A. W., Operator in Real Estate and Mayor
of Gilman, Illinois, was born in Rockingham
county, Virginia, March 28th, 1829. He re
ceived his education at the Washington Acad
emy, Illinois, then presided over by Principal
D. W. D. Palraer, the brother of Potter Palraer.
Upon abandoning student life he vvas engaged for a tirae
in teaching school at an educational estabUshment in
Woodford county. He was subsequently occupied in the
milling business, and after ils relinquishment engaged in
real estate transactions, buying and seUing land extensively
until 1869. In this year he reraoved to Gilraan, his present
home, and there continued his operations in land, also in
the surrounding country, raeeting vvith great success. His
business in real estate is novv very widely extended and
important, and he is constantly busied either in fresh in
vestments or in leasing and seUing the properties already
acquired. He is the owner of much valuable real estate in
Galena and the environs, and one of the raost prominent
and influential citizens of the county. He was for three
years a Councilman, and, under the nevv charter, for one
year Alderman. At the expiration of his terra in the latter
office he was elected to the Mayoralty of the town, which
responsible position he still occupies, firra and efficient in
the prompt fulfilraent of his duties and upright in his
adrainistration. GUman is reputed lo be pecuUariy favored,
parties being considered, since politics seeras there to be
made subservient to the real interests of Ihe town, rather
23

than to those fostered by the unscrupulous office-seeker.
As the candidate of the Low-License party for the office of
mayor he was the successful opponent of the High-License
candidate. In religion he is a pronounced and feariess
Materialist; and, while his past and present record denotes
a kindly nature and a charitable mind, he is a partisan of
no form of religion. Recognizing the value of the restrain
ing power exercised by churches and religious .organiza
tions, however, he is a Uberal supporter of such institutions,
and is noted for his freedom fi'oni prejudice and section-
alisra. He was married, February 6th, 1866, to Martha E.
McCord, of Woodford counly, Illinois.

UITEAU, LUTHER W., Merchant and Bank
Cashier, was born at Utica, Nevv York, in 1810,
his parents being Dr. Francis Guileau, a well-
known physician of Oneida counly. New York,
and Hannah (Wilson) Guileau, of Charlotte,
Vermont. Pie was educated al the academy at
Whitesboro', Oneida counly. New York, and upon leaving
school entered as clerk into a mercantile house at Oswego,
New York. In 1833 he became a partner in the mercantile
establishment of Maynard & Guileau, at Ann Arbor,
Michigan. In 1838 he located in Freeport, Illinois, where
he established a general store on his own account. He
retired frora the active duties of raercantile life in 1849.
In 1854 he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court. He
has during his residence in Freeport been prominent in ils
public affairs. Especially has he given to the cause of
education a very great portion of his time and study. He
was twdce elecled lo the office of School Comraissioner of
the county, and was chosen upon several occasions a mera
ber of the Board of Education of Freeport, serving with
honor and distinction. He was raainly instrumental in
securing the adoption of the present system of "graded
schools " in Freeport. In conjunction wilh the late Hon.
M. P. Sweet, D. A. Knovvllon and olher leading citizens,
this imjirovement in the educational system of the city was
obtained in ihe face of great ojijiosition. Within two years
after the question was first agitated by hira a large school
house, known as the " Union School Plouse," was erecled,
in which the new systera was tested with the most success
ful results. He was connected wilh the organization
of the Second National Bank, of Freeport, in 1864, and
became its Cashier in 1865, retaining this responsible
position up to the present lirae. In 1833 he was raarried
lo Jane Howe, daughter of Major John Howe, of Antwerp,
Jefferson county, New York. She died in 1848. In
1854 he was raarried to Maria Blood, of Cazenovia, New
York. He is a gentleman very highly respected by his
fellow-citizens for his integrity and fine business and
social qualities.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

[OLFE, COLONEL JOHN S., Lawyer, was born
in Morgan county, Illinois, September 2lst, 1833.
His parents are George Wolfe and Mary (Sims)
Wolfe. His earlier and preparatory education
was acquired in the classes of the common
schools, and at the termination of an allotted
course of studies he decided to erabrace the legal profession.
In 1857, accordingly, he coramenced the study of law under
the able guidance and supervision of John M. Palraer, then
residing at Cariinville, Macoupin county, IlUnois. Subse
quently, upon the completion of his term of probation, he
passed the required examination, and in January, 1859, was
admitled to the bar in Springfield, Illinois. He was then
during a brief period occupied in the practice of his pro
fession at Cariinville, after which he removed to Champaign,
in the same Stale, in December, i860. There he practised
until the fall of 1864, meeting wilh considerable success,
and securing an extensive clientage. Prior to the latler
date, upon the outbreak of the Southern RebeUion, he was
engaged in the United -States service for a period of six
months as Captain in the 20th Regiment of Illinois Volun
teers. Frora April to Deceraber, 1864, also, he acted in a
prominent railitary cajiacity as Colonel of the 135th Regi
ment of Illinois Infantry. In the latler year he removed to
Chicago, there practising successfuUy until the fall of 1867,
when he returned to Champaign, where he has since per
manently resided, the possessor of a large and constantly-
increasing clientage. He is a skilful practitioner, and in
the conduct of his law business evinces the jiossession of
learning and abilities. He was married May 15th, 1862, to
Celestia A. Young, a resident of Champaign, Illinois.

^/Mi'VERETT, OLIVER, Physician and Scientist, was
bom in Worthington, Massachusetts, September
I2th, 181 1. His parents were Jaraes Everett and
Phoebe (Clark) Everett. His earlier education
was acquired at the High School in the neighbor
hood of his residence, whence he entered the
Berkshire Medical School — connected with the Williaras
College, Williarastown, Massachusetts — from whicb institu
tion he subsequently graduated. In 1836 he removed to
Dixon's Ferry — now the town of Dixon — and there entered
upon the active practice of his profession. In those eariy
pioneer days wheu the counlry, still unredeemed from its
primitive condition, was veiy sparsely settied, his professional
rounds ranged over a wide extent of country. He then
practised in the Iwo or three counties adjoining Dixon,
also purchased sundry sections of farm land, and during
several years interested hiraself in the farming business and
general agricultural pursuits. In 1863 he was elecled
Mayor of Dixon, and fulfilled the duties of that office wdlh
admirable energy and ability. He was one of the most
active promoters of the North Illinois Plospital for the In

sane, and in 1869-1873 was a member of the Board of
Trustees of that instilulion. At the date of his arrival in
Dixon two or three rudely constructed log-cabins, wilh about
the same number of families, constituted the only traces of
civilization. He has during a long period of time paid
great attention to the study of the natural sciences, and his
collection of geological and other speciraens is surpassed
by but few private collections.

ELSON, WILLIAM E., Lawyer, was born, June
4lh, 1824, in Sparta, Tennessee, and is a son of
Richard and Eliza (McCampbell) Nelson. He was
educated both at home and in the private schools
of his birthplace; and in 1840 commenced the
study of law with his father, who vvas a member
of the legal fraternity. He was admitled to the bar in
1844, and at once commenced to practise his profession at
home, where he continued lo reside until 1857, meanwhile
being appointed a Master in Chancery, which position he
retained for a considerable period. In the spring of 1857
he removed to Decatur, Illinois, where he resumed his legal
practice, and which he still continues. In 1869 he was
made by gubernatorial appointraent (in the place of Milton
Play, who declined the position) a raember of a. Commission
to Revise the Statutes of Illinois, and served with that body
until his election in 1871 to the Stale Legislalure, when he
declined to participate with the commission. He has ever
been a Democrat in poUtics, and his election to the Legis
lalure may be attributed to his own personal popularity, as
the district is a Republican one. He was not the candidate
of any party, but was put forward by his fi'iends, and sup
ported and elected by members of both jiolitical parlies.
During the session of the Legislalure he served on the
Committees on Education and Common Schools, also on
that of Ihe Judiciary. He is regarded as a most able and
upright counsellor and barrister. He was married February
26th, 1846, lo Mary Ann, daughter of Colonel James Snod-
grass, of Sparta, White county, Tennessee.

f'ELLS, SAMUEL COOK, Banker, was born in
Walton, Delaware county. New York, March

iglh, 1822. Plis parents were Nathaniel G.
Eells and Betty (St. John) Eells. Plis earUer
education vvas acquired at the Delaware Acad
emy, located at Delhi, Delaware counly, Nevv
York. On abandoning school life he entered as a clerk in
a general slore at Walton. In 1854 he removed to Dixon,
Illinois, there securing a position as bookkeeper in Ihe
private banking house of Robertson, Eastman & Co. In
the foUowdng year G. B. Eastman retired, and the firm be
came Robertson, Eells & Co. The Dixon house of this firm

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

>79

was the branch establishment of the Rockford house of Rob
ertson, Coleman & Co. He continued thus engaged until l85g,
when the reorganization of the firm was effected, and il be
came Eells & Coleman, relations which were sustained until
1865. In this year the Lee County Nalion.al Bank was or
ganized, the house of Eells & Coleman being merged in il.
In that instilulion he becarae Cashier, vvhich position he
has since retained, perforraing its attendant functions wilh
exactitude and admirable abiUty. The Lee County Na
tional Bank is a flourishing aud well-conducted establish
ment, and its financial management has been always charac
terized by a prudence and an acute foresight vvhich leaves
no roora for pecuniary loss or disaster. He was married
in 1854 to Anna More, of Delhi, New York, daughter of
Colonel Henry More.

jOBY, KILBURN H., Lawyer, was born, 1837, in
Mount Vernon, HUlsboro counly, New Hamp
shire, and is a son of Clinton and Lois H. (Har
wood) Roby. He was educated at the academy
of his native town, and when he attained his
majority he removed to Illinois, where he was
engaged for two years as a teacher. In i860 he entered
the law office of Tapper & Nelson, at Decatur, and after
two years of study was admitted to the bar in 1862. Shortly
after this event he becarae associated with his preceptor, W.
E. Nelson, in partnership, which firm still continues. He
was married, 1864, to Ann Haworth, of Decatur.

f UNN, LOYAL LEVI, Real Estate Operator, Manu
facturer, etc., was born in Madrid, St. Lawrence
county, New York, September ist, i82g. His
parents were Abel Munn and Susannah (Barnum)
Munn. He vvas the recipient of a common school
education. In 1846 he reraoved to Freeport, Il
linois, in order to join an elder brother, and Ihere vvas occu
pied in working on his farra in suraraer and in attending
school during the winter months. In 1848 he attended
also for one year Ihe sessions of a neighboring select school.
In i84g-50 he taught school in the northern part of Stephen
son counly, and in the course of the latter year established
himself in business in Freeport as an insurance agent, repre
senting several Nevv York insurance companies for the
States of Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Indiana. In 1853
he organized the first insurance company formed in Free-
jiort, the " Stephenson Insurance Company,'' of which he
became Secretary, continuing to act in that capacity until
1865, when he resigned on account of continued ill-health.
In 1866 he established a dry-goods business in partnership
wilh his brother, under the .style of O. V. & L. L. Munn ; this
business, subsequently entirely his own through the purchase
of_his brother's interest, he ultiraately disposed of in 1869.

In 1871 he bought a half interest in the Freeport Gas
Works— "The Freeport Gas Light and Coke Comjiany"-
which business he slill carries on in partnership with Mr.
Schofield. Prior to this, in 1855, he had become interested
in real estate operations, and built the block known as
Munn's Building. In the same year also the American
Insurance Corapany was forraed in Freeport, and he was
closely connected with its organization ; was appointed to its
Presidency in 1867, and officiated in that capacity until
1870, vvhen the company removed to Chicago and he be
came one of its directors. That company does the most
extensive business in farm property insurance exclusively of
any similar establishment in the countiy. In 1874 he was
jirominentiy connected wilh the establishment of the Free-
port Watch Manufacturing Company, whose works are lo
cated in the iraraediate vicinity of the town from which
they take their name, and of this company he is the Treas
urer. He is a leading and influential member of the M<a-
sonic body, and was presiding officer of the Grand Chapter
of the Stale of Illinois for 1866. In various other societies
also he occupies high positions. He is a man of infinite
resources and unusual energy, and is widely and favorably
known as an enter|3rising and indefatigable initiator of move
ments vvhich have invariably raet with great- success. He
vvas married in 1857 to Leonora Loll, formerly a resident
of Ogle counly, Illinois; in 1861 he was again married lo
M. Louisa Hardy, of Haverhill, New Hampshire.

WING, CHARLES ADLAI, Lawyer, was born,
1846, in western Kentucky, and is a son of Rev.
Fielding N. and Sarah (Powers) Ewing. His
father removed to Blooraington, Illinois, in 1850,
where hevvas engaged in pastoral duties for nine
years, ami then retired frora the ministry, remov
ing first to Chicago and subsequently lo Decatur. Charles
A. Ewing at the proper age entered the freshman class of
the Chicago University, and Ihence repaired to the College
of Nevv Jersey at Princeton, and passed a three years' course
in that celebrated inslilulion, graduating wilh the class of
1867. Plaving selected the legal profession as his future
sphere of action, he entered Ihe Law School at Albany, New
York, and graduated therefrora in 1869. He Ihen returned
to Illinois, and seltied at Decatur, where he at once en
gaged in the practice of his profession. He forraed a law
partnership with H. Crea— the latter having been already
a practitioner for several years — and the firra is known as
Crea & Ewing, and are araong Ihe leaders of the bar in that
section of the Stale. Although young in years, the junior
partner bids fair to attain eminence in his profession, even
at the present lime ranking among the ablest in Decatur.
He wa,s married, June I5lh, 1871, to Zella Palmer, of Albany,
New York, a niece of Judge Bradley of the Supreme Court
of the ^United States.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Godfrey, WILLIAM H., 0;jerator in Farms, was
born in Geneva, New York, July 13th, 1827. His
parents were Charles Godfrey and Harriet (Hor
ton) Godfrey. Pie received both an academical
and a private education, tinder the preceptorship
of a tutor, at his home. Upon abandoning school-
life he becarae engaged in farraing and agricultural pur
suits. In 1851 he moved to Gloucester county, Virginia,
and farmed there until 1857. He removed subsequentiy to
Dixon, IlUnois, and engaged in farming and the milling
business ; constructed one flour-mill, and, buying a second
one, entered extensively into the business, in association
wdth his father and brother. In 1862 he abandoned his
milling enterprises, and began his transactions in farming
Lands, etc. At Ihe present time he deals largely in land of
various descriptions, also in farms, which he buys, sells,
and rents. He is one of the most enterprising business men
of Dixon, and, by his energy and ability, has risen to be one
of the leading and influential spirits of the town. He was
married in 1849 '° Catharine I. Dugan, daughter of Na
thaniel Dugan, of New York.

kASCOM, REV. FLAVEL, D. D., w.as bom in
Lebanon, Connecticut, June 8th, 1804, the young
est of ten children. His father was Abiel Bas-
com, a farmer. The son, until the age of seven
teen, attended district school and worked upon
the farm. He then taught school for three win-
¦ters, and fitted himself for college. He then entered Yale
College, where he graduated in 1828 with honor. During
the next year he was principal of an acaderay in New
Canaan, Connecticut. He then entered the Theological
Seminary of Yale College, and after two years vvas licensed
to preach, and was at the sarae time appointed a tutor in
the college. He pursued his sludies two years longer and
then graduated in 1833. He then left college to enter upon
a work to which he had devoted his life, having eariy in
his studies joined the " New Haven Band," who pledged
theraselves to become horae missionaries in Illinois, and lo
work togetiier for the promotion of evangelical religion and
Christian education. He accordingly went to Tazewell
counly, lUinois, in 1833, to labor as a horae missionary;
passing through the village of Chicago vvhen it contained
but three hundred inhabitants, with but one t.avern, a log
house, and but one place for religious worship, namely, the
carpenter shop in Fort Dearborn. He labored in this field
for five years, working in Pleasant Grove, Pekin, Sand
Prairie, Tremont, Washington, and Peoria. In 1839 he
entered upon an agency ofthe same society, which led him
to explore the nevv and scattered settlements in all the
northern half of IlUnois, to aid in organizing churc'ies and
•preparing the way for the settieraent of pastors ovn' Ihem.
While engaged in these labors, his residence being in Chi

cago, he was called to become the pastor of the First Presby
terian Church of that city in the year 1840. He remained
pastor of this church for about nine years. It was during
Ihis period that he appointed in his church the first anti-
slavery prayer-meeting ever held in Chicago, and took part
in the first meeting ever held in that city for addresses on
the subject of slavery and for the organization of an anti-
slavery society. In 1850 he received a call to the First
Church of Christ, in Gale.-,burg, Illinois, where he served
through a useful and fruitful ministry of six years, until
1856, when he accepted an appointment under the Araerican
Missionary Association for Illinois, for one year. In 1857 he
becarae pastor of the Congregational Church of Dover, Illi
nois, in which relation he continued for seven years. In 1864
he was settled over the First Congregational Church of Prince-
Ion, vvhere he labored raore than five years. Having then
reached Ihe age of sixty-five he thought of retiring from the
active duties of the ministry ; but being invited to act as a
sort of nursing fatiier to a sraall and feeble church at Hins
dale, one of the suburban villages near Chicago, he spent
three years in that labor. He was then pastor of the Con-.
gregational Church at La Salle, Illinois, for one year, after
which he removed lo Ottawa, Illinois, where he now resides,
relieved from the cares of a pastorate, but constantly en
gaged in preaching as teraporary supply, and in aiding
churches in various parts of the Slate to secure seltied pas
tors. In all the churches over which he has been a pastor,
revivals of religion have been enjoyed under his labors, and
in each of these places he has held the confidence and love
of his people. During the whole of his ministry he has
plead for the temperance cause, as he eariy espoused that
of the slave. Pie has acted a prorainent part in building up
educational institutions in this State of his adoption. He
has been a Trustee of Knox College for raore than twenty-
five years ; was one of the founders of Beloit College and
of Rockford Female .Seminary, and a member of their
Boards of Trustees until, he reraoved from that part of Ihe
Slate; cme of the founders and directors of the Chicago
Theological Seminary ; anda founder and Trustee of Whea
ton College. In founding the Academy at Dover and the
High School at Princeton, he took an active part, and had
an official oversight of each, during his residence in these
places. In ecclesiastical assemblies he has always been in
request, and his influence has been salutary, and his labors
abundant. Possessed of a vigorous constitution and much
endurance, he has performed much of his labor, and done
much of his travelling by night, as weU as by day. Unlike
many in the ministry, he possesses mechanical skill, and
unusual executive ability ; and now, at the ripe age of
seventy-one, in the enjoyment of good health, and still
working in his Master's vineyard, he is scarcely conscious
that, after these forty years of constant service, his eye is
dimmed or his strength abated. TaU, well-built, a liltie
less straight than of yore, but active, with a noble head,
and a rich, strong voice, he meets well our ideal of an ag.ed

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

pastor and minister of Christ. Probably no man in IlUnois
has, to-day, a wider circle of friends and acquaintance than
Rev. Dr. Bascoin. He h.as thrice been raarried : first to
EUen P. Cleaveland, of New London, Connecticut, who
died in Pekin, lUinois, in 1837 ; again irt 1841 to Elizabeth
Sparhawk, of Warehouse point, Connecticut, who died in
Galesburg, Illinois, in 1851, leaving four sons: one, an in
fant, soon died ; another, who grew up, graduated at Beloit
CoUege, and spent sorae time as a teacher in the South, has
recently died. Of the other two sons, one is an editor in
Princeton, Illinois, and the other. Rev. G. S. Bascoin, is
pastor of the Congregational Church of Peru, Illinois ; thus
worthily following the example of his father. In 1852 he
was raarried to his present wife, Ruth Pomeroy, of South
ampton, Massachusetts, by whom he has one son, a physi
cian, in practice in Ottawa, Illinois, wilh whom they make
tiieir home.

EATON, WILLIAM WEED, Lawyer, Judge of
Circuit Court, was born in Western, Oneida
county. New York, April 18, 1814. Plis parents
were John Heaton and Sarah (Weed) Heaton.
He was the recipient of an academical education,
and after corapleting his allotted course of
studies engaged in school-teaching, continuing thus occu
pied, however, but for a liraited period. In 1835, having
decided to embrace the legal profession, he entered on the
study of law, and, upon the termination of his probationary
course, was adraitted, in 1838, to the bar at Terre Haute,
Indiana, where, beginning imraediately the active practice
of his profession, he rapidly secured an extensive clientage.
At the expiration of two years he removed, in 1840, to
Dixon, Illinois, vvhere he was professionally and success-
ftdly occupied untU 1861. At that date he was elected
Judge of the Circuit Court, a position which he has since
occupied, performing its attendant functions wdth rectitude
and ability. He is a skilful and upright expounder of the
law, and a man of solid acquireraents. His rulings and
judgments are characterized by accuracy and lucidity, whUe
his general deportment while on the bench has won for him
the esteem of the members of the bar, and of the community
amid which he is an honored citizen.

I ATTERSON, SAMUEL S., Merchant, was born at
Mount Joy, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, April
iglh, 1803. His falher, James Patterson, was
formerly engaged in farming and agricultural
pursuits. His education was acquired in the
neighboring common schools of his birth-place,
and upon leaving school he was employed in working on
a farm, an occupation at which he continued for several
-years.. In 1847 he engaged in the grain trade, and shortiy

after combined wilh it the lumber business, carrying on at
the same tirae raercantile operations, in partnership wilh
Richard B. Witmer. He was thus variously emjiloyed
until 1855, meeting wilh much success. During the session
of 1855-1856 he was a member of the Legislalure of
Pennsylvania, and while acting in that capacity deported
himself with rectitude and ability. In 1857 he removed to
Sterling, Whitesides county, Illinois, and reassumed there
his former partnership connections witJi Richard B. Witmer,
under the firm-narae of Patterson & Witmer, in a general
mercantile business. That association lasted until 1867, in
which year the firm was dissolved, and he retired from the
turmoil of active business life. He is at the present time a
silent partner in the banking house of Patterson & Co.,
a well-known and reliable establishment of SterUng.
As a business raan he evinced the possession of tact, ability,
and shrewd foresight, while bolh as public official and pri
vate citizen his record is wholly honorable.

ATTON, WILLIAM WESTON, REV., D. D,,
was born in New York city, October iglh, 1821.
He is the son of Rev. Dr. William Patton, now a
resident of Nevv Haven, Connecticut, bul at that
date, and for raany years, a well-known clergyraan
of New York city, a raan of commanding voice
and stature, and of great force of character. From such
Tiarentage one looks for a son who shall make a mark in the
vvorld, nor is expectation disappointed in this case. The
son, -put to study " almost as soon as weaned," made rapid
progress in private schools, in four years experience at the
noted " EdgehUl Boarding-School" of Princeton, New
Jersey, and from thence in the New York University, where
he graduated in i83g, at the eariy age of eighteen. He
then spent three years in Ihe Union Theological Seminary
of New York, when he graduated in 1842. He vvas raar
ried, January nth, 1843, to Sarah Jane Mott of New York
city, and one week later was ordained as a minister, and
installed as pastor over Ihe Phillips Congregational Church
of Boston. He reniained there three years, when he ac
cepted a call lo the Fourth Congregational Church of Hart
ford, Connecticut. He continued pastor of this church for
a period of eleven years. He then, in January, 1857, re
ceived a call to the First Congregational Church of Chicago
and accepted it, raoving thither ; here again he filled a long
and useful pastorate of eleven years. In September, 1867,
he resigned, that he might become editor-in-chief of 'Ihe
Advance, a new religious weekly then just started, and aim
ing lo equal in quality and influence any religious journal
in Ihe country. He entered upon his new duties at once
(ihough continuing for a few months in charge of his old
parish, at the request of his people until they could find a
successor), and filled the editorial chair with ability and
success for about five years. In the meantime the great fire

l82

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

had seriously crippled both the paper and ils financial sup
porl, and it was at length sold lo ils present proprietors.
Dr. Patton then ceased to be connected with it in any
managerial capacity, ihough a regular contributor to ils
editorial and other columns at this date. He is at present
engaged in various literary labors, besides preparing a book
for the press. He also acted for one year, after ceasing to
be editor of Tke Advance, as Corresponding Secretary of
the American Missionary Association. He was also a dele-
gale to the great National Council of Congregational
Churches, held at Oberiin. His first w-ife died March 23d,
1850. He was married to his present wife, Mary B. Smith,
daughter of Njrraan Smith, Jr., of Hartford, October Ist,
1851. He has a faraily of seven children, five sons and two
daughters. The oldest son, by his first wife, is a banker
and broker in New York ; the second son, a graduate of
Amherst CoUege, is now studying architecture ; vvhile slill
another son is in the senior class in Amherst. Dr. Patton
has a sister living in London, and has himself been abroad,
nuking a lour in Europe and the East of nearly a year.
He is permanently engaged as Lecturer on Modern Skepti-
ci-;in in the Chicago Theological Seminary, and also in Ihe
Theological Department of Oberlin CoUege.

lAHL, FREDERICK, Merchant, was born Febru
ary 28th, 1809, in Ihe city of Baltimore, Maryland,
of Gerraan parentage. He received his education
in his native jilace, principally from Gerraan
teachers. When twenty years of age he removed
to Galena, Illinois, thus becoming one of the
earliest settlers of that section. Shortly after his arrival
there he entered the store of a raercantile firm, and in 1831
he established hiraself in business on his own account as a
general trader. Daring the foUowing year he took part, in
common wilh most of the inhabitants of the district, in the
campaign against Ihe Indians, farailiarly known .as the
" B!ack Hawk War." The country around Galena
abounds in lead ore, Ihe word "galena^' being generally
appUed to Ihe sulphuret of that raetal, vvhich is the charac
ter of ore chiefly rained . the word "raineral," hovvever, in
that locaUty, being employed to describe the ores vvhich
are sold to the smelting furnaces. In 1S36 he became in
terested in the latler industry, and was one of several vvho
embarked in this enterprise. About the same lime also he
engaged in the stearaboat trade, vvhich was then very ex
tensive in Galena. Indeed, in later years, the port of
G.dena owned more tonnage, proportionately, Ihan any
olher in the Uniled Slates, New York irot excepted. In
1S39 he became President of the Galena branch of the
State Bank of IlUnois. He retired from active business
pursuits in 1852, although he continued lo take part in the
direction of the various jiublic corapanies with which he
has been connected for many years past. In 1857 the

Galena Marine Insurance Corapany was established, of
Vvhich he became President. This corporation was merged,
about 1865, into the Merchants' National Bank of Galena,
of which latler institution he was elected a director, and
still continues to hold that position. He has. been for
many years intimately connected wilh an insurance agency,
in which he takes a great interest. In 1858 he was elected
Mayor of the city of Galena, being the only official position
he ever held. He has thus resided in this section for
nearly half a century, and is justly claimed as one of Ihe
pioneers of this portion of the Northwest, being thoroughly
identified with its progress and developraent. He is of
quiet, unassuming manners, and greatly respected for his
sterling worth and integrity.

ANE, WILLIAM, Lawyer, Judge, was born in
Hackettstown, New Jersey, September 8th, 1828.
His parents were John H. Lane and Maiy
(Nightser) Lane. His education was acquired
in the common schools in the vicinity of his resi
dence. In 1837 he reraoved with his parents to
Knox county, Ohio, and was there apprenticed to learn the
trade of shoemaking. Subsequently he engaged in a gen
eral mercantile business, and reraoved to Morrison, IlUnois.
At the breaking out of the civil war he enlisted, in 1861, in
Corapany E of the 46th Illinois Volunteers, and was elecled
First Lieutenant. He was attacked by sickness, however,
in the following year, and his health finally became so
enfeebled that he was granted a discharge. In 1862 he
vvas appoinled Deputy United Slates Assessor, and iu the
sarae year, having decided to erabrace the legal profession,
began the study of law. He was adraitted to the' bar in
1863, and shortly after entered upon the active practice of
his profession in Morrison, in vvhich he has since continued,
meeting wilh great success. In i86g he was elected Counly
Judge, and still holds that position, performing its functions
vvith marked ability and unswerving rectitude. He was
married in l84g to Selina W. Woodcock of Fredericktown,
who died in 1872. In 1874 he was again married to Jane
Shafer, formerly a resident of White county, Indiana.

OULARD, JAMES G., retired Merchant, was
born, July 15th, I7g8, in St. Louis, Missouri,
Ihen Ihe province of Upper Louisiana, under the
Spanish flag. Pie is a son of the late Antoine
and Julia (Cerry) Soulard, his falher being a
native of France. He was educated in the com
mon schools of Ihe place, and then entered a store as a
clerk. In i8ig he established himself in bu.siness on his
own account as a general trader. The following year he
set out on a trading expedition to Fort Snelling, then the

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Ultima Thule of American territory, remaining there for
one year, and then returned to St. Louis. His falher had
been a surveyor of the province of Upper Louisiana under
the Spanish rule, and afterwards under Ihe American
governraent, that territory having been ceded lo the United
Stales by the first Napoleon in 1803. The son succeeded
the father as a United States Deputy Surveyor, and under
and through the latter became likewise engaged in the sur
vey of both the public and private lands in the District of
Missouri, chiefly in and around St. Louis; he was so occu
pied in 1823-25. In 1827 he reraoved to Galena, and
thus becarae one of the very eariiest settlers of that section.
He here engaged in mercantile pursuils and also in mining
lead and smelting ils ores. He was comraissioned Post
master of the town in 1832, and filled Ihe posi for two
years ; and subsequently w-as appointed County Recorder
and Counly Surveyor, which positions he filled till 1836.
For the next twenty years he was engaged in farraing,
horticulture, and the nursery business, in and near Galena,
and planted the first vineyard in Joe Daviess county.
During this period, also, he was interested in raany real
estate operations in St. Louis, both on his ovvn account and
in connection wilh his father's estate. In 1856 he relin
quished all active business life and devoted the years since
that date to horticulture and other Arcadian pursuils.

[ EWHALL, HORATIO, Physician and Editor, was
born in Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1798. His par
ents were Joel Newhall and Lucy (Mansfield)
Newhall. He studied at Harvard University,
and graduated in 1817, in the same class with
George Bancroft, Caleb Cushing, and Rev. Dr.
Tyng, of New York. He took the degree of Doctor of
Medicine in the Medical Department of Harvard in 1821.
After graduating he carae West, to Illinois, and settled at
Greenville, Bond county. In 1827 he removed to Galena,
being one of the earliest pioneers and settlers of the place.
During 1828-29 he edited the Miners' Journal, Ihe first
newspaper published in the Northwest, and continued ils
publication for about two years. In 1830 he relinquished
his editing and mining operations, and resumed the practice
exclusively of the medical profession. While in Greenville
he engaged very actively and zealously in the debates and
discussions engendered by the question as to vvhether
Illinois should be a free or a slave State, and, in conjunc
tion with Rev. James Peck, was, in a great measure, instru
mental in securing the adoption of a free Constitution for
the State. He was for many years President of the Joe
Daviess Counly Medical Society, and during Ihe continu
ance of the Black Hawdc Indian War was Surgeon in the
United Slates army in 1832-33. Pie was an esteemed and
infiuential member of the Presbyterian Church, and for a
period extending over a quarter of a century one of its most

valued rilling elders. Prior lo his dealh, in 1870, he had
practised medicine in IlUnois for a much longer lime th.an
any other physician, and was the possessor of an extensive
business, and the veneration and love of aU that knew him.
He was a scholariy gentleman, and an accoraplished physi
cian. Upright and Christianly in all his deaUngs wilh his
fellow-lownsraen, he was regarded by them as a wise
counseUor in affairs political, social, and religious; while,
so entirely was he in iheir confidence, an adraonition from
his lips would often arrest in mid career some movement or
measure in vvhich he had detected the germ of evil. His
death occasioned widespread regret, and left vacant one
of those places which are difficult to fill.

ROWN, PION. WILLIAM, Lawyer and Jurist,
was born June ist, 1819, in Cumberland, Eng
land, and is a son of Thomas and Mary (Mor
ton) Brown, who emigrated to the Uniled Stales
in 1827, first locating in Hudson, and thence re
moved, three years subsequentiy, to Western,
Oneida counly, Nevv York. Here he was educated, and
having embraced Ihe legal profession he studied lavv in
Rochester, where he was admitted to the bar in October,
1S45. He imraediately reraoved to Illinois, and seltied at
Rockford in that State, where he coraraenced the practice
of his profession. In 1852 he was elecled Stale's Attorney
for the Fourteenth Judicial Circuit, for the term of four
years. In 1857 he vvas elecled Mayor of Ihe city of Rock
ford, and in 1865-66 served in the Legislalure of the State.
In 1870 he was elected Judge of the First Judicial Circuit,
composed of the counties of Winnebago, Stephenson, and
Joe Daviess. In 1873 he was re-elected for a term of six
years, which position he continues to fill at the present
lime (1S75).

AWSON, MANASSEH M., Hardware Merchant,
was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, March 26lh, 1841.
He is the son of Manasseh Lawson, a native cf
Ohio, and Agathe Lawson, a native of France.
Plis education was acquired at the Ohio Wesleyan
University, located at Delaware, Ohio. Immedi
ately upon leaving school, he engaged in mercantile busi
ness and stock-shipping al Oakland, Coles counly, Illinois,
being then twenty-four years of age. In this business he
remained for a period of three years, then removed to Tus
cola, Douglas county, resuming Ihe business of stock-ship
ping, and continuing in il untU the foUowing year. He
Ihen established hiraselfin the hardware trade, in which he
is StUl engrossed, and has succeeded in building up, within
a remarkably short period, the most extensive business rela
tions in Ihat trade in this section of the Slate, and his ele
gant storeroom is a conspicuous object among the buildings

1 84

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of Tuscola. As a business man he ranks wdth the most re
liable, as well as wdth the most prosperous tradesraen of the
county, and is noted for his fenergy and enterprise. Al
though one of the youngest of the more prominent resident
merchants he exercises much influence in business circles,
and is honored as an able and upright citizen. He was
married, AprU 14th, 1864, to Mary Burr, a former resident
of Oakland.

UINE, WILLIAM E., son of WilUam and Mar
garet (Kinley) Quine, was born in the Isle of
Man, February gth, 1847, and removed with his
parents to Chicago in 1853. Having enjoyed the
usual educational advantages of the public schools
and the High School of the city, he entered a
drug store and devoted four years to the study of materia
medica, pharmacy, and chemistry. In l856 he coraraenced
attending lectures in the Chicago Medical College, gradu
ating from that institution in 1869. Six months previous to
graduation he was elecled, frora a competitive examination,
to the Plouse Staff of the Cook County Hospital, and served
in that relation for a year and a half. He entered private
practice as the partner of Dr. T. D. Fitch, the partnership
continuing one year. In 1870 he was chosen as Lecturer
on Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Chicago Medi
cal College, and in 1871 he was regularly installed as the
Professor of that chair. In 1872 he was elected to the
Medical Board of the Cook Counly Hospital, as the At
tending Accoucheur of that institution. In 1874 he was
elected Treasurer of the Illinois Slate Medical Society, and
soon after was chosen for the Presidency of the Chicago
Medical Society. Though still a very young man Dr.
Quine has had a somewhat reraarkable career, and he is
now regarded as one of the most rapidly growing physicians
of Chicago and its vicinity.

'LARK, HORACE S., Lawyer, Ex-Judge, was
born in Huntshurg, Geauga counly, Ohio, August
I21h, 1840. His father. Captain J. M. P. Clark,
emigrated to Ohio from Vermont at an early day ;
his mother is Charlotte (Brainard) Clark, a native
of the latter Slate. At the age of fifteen years,
with a fair coraraon school education, he took leave of the
old homestead, and, with raoney earned by industry and
thrift, was enabled to reach Chicago, Illinois, where, with
out a friend, he sought employment, and worked for a brief
period in a livery stable. Becoming dissatisfied with city
Ufe he removed lo Kane county, vvhere he labored on a
farm during the summer season, and in Ihe winter raonths
attended school, paying for his board by the perforraance
of various coramissions. In the foUowing spring he reached
Iowa City, westward bound, where an older brother lived

wilh whom he found a horiie 'while pursuing a student life
at the Iowa Stale University, where he became noted for
his versatile powers of oratory and debate. During the
vacations he was engaged in teaching school, and was occu
pied also in the law office of Justice William E. Miller,
where he read wilh attention and profit the works of Black
stone and various eleraentary treatises on law, which im
planted in him a great fondness for the legal profession.
During the first year of his residence in Iowa City he was
furnished by his brother with a sum of money which he
look with him to Kane county, lUinois, and where, though
but a boy of sixteen, he bought and shipped by rail lo the
former town, ten cows, vvhich he kept during the season,
milking them hiraself, and selling the milk, thus securing
the means of defraying his current expenses. In the spring
of 1858, then the possessor of $200, he speculated in fruit
trees, sending them up the Mississippi river, but in this
enterprise failed lo secure profitable returns. He removed
subsequently to St. Louis, where he purchased various
books, and travelled about the counlry in order to dispose
of them advantageously. Later, he was engaged in teach
ing school again for three terms, in St. Charles county,
Missouri. He then returned to his home in Ohio, and was
temporarily employed in running a country butcher wagon,
and succeeded in laying aside a sufficient amount of his
earnings to meet his expenses on a journey to Pickaway
county, in the same Slate, where he became the occupant
of a well-salaried position in a school, and also resumed his
law studies with the legal firra of Smith & Page, in Circle-
ville, Tazewell county. Being the possessor of considerable
knowledge concerning politics, and also a fluent speaker
and ready debater, he soon became widely known as the
"Boy Orator.'' On the outbreak of the rebeUion in 1861
he raised and organized a corapany for the United Stales
array, but, guided by pro-slavery proclivities, and becoming
dissatisfied wilh the conduct of the adrainistration, he dis
banded this body of troops, and resolved to take no part in
the war. Upon the retirement of General Fremont from
comraand in Missouri, however, his patriotism was again
aroused, and he enlisted as a private in Company E, ofthe
73d Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, then being per
fected. Pie was afterward appointed Orderly Sergeant,
and then promoted successively to a Second Lieutenancy
and a First Lieutenancy, in the latter cajiacily commanding
his company for a considerable length of tirae. July 3d,
1863, while in command of a skirmishing line, he was se
verely wounded at Gettysburg. In consequence of after
disability, arising from his wounds, he vvas discharged from
the service. Later, he vvas tendered by Governor Todd,
of Ohio, the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of a new regiment, but
being unable to take the field was compelled to decline the
appointraent. While in the array he was constantiy wilh
his coramand, and, in addition to the wound received at
Gettysburg, was upon four other occasions slightly wounded.
He then removed to Nashville, Tennessee, and occupying

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

185

himself there in business pursuits, met with much and de
served success. In 1865 he reraoved to Maltoon, Illinois,
where he resuraed his legal studies, and was admitted to
the bar in 1868, while still holding the position of City
Police Magistrate, to which he had previously been ap
pointed. Upon engaging in the active practice of his pro
fession he met at once with success, and rapidly acquired
an extensive ar)d remunerative clientage. In 1870 he was
a candidate for the Legislalure on the Republican ticket,
but faded to secure an election, being defeated, however, by
bul a meagre majority. Later he was elected Judge of Ihe
Comraon Pleas Court of the city of Maltoon, holdhig that
office during an unexpired terra. Ultimately he resumed
his practice, and, particularly as a crimin.al lawyer, won an
extended and favorable reputation. At the present tirae hi.s
business circuit comprises not only the town of Maltoon,
but also a wide circle in the environing region, and his ser
vices are eagerly sought for by those requiring a practitioner
of skill and learning.

) ARDNER, HORACE,- M. D., was born in Perry
county. New York, August 25th, 1829, being the
eldest of a faraily of six children. When he
was two years of age his faniily raoved to Alle
gheny counly, where he sjient his boyhood on
his father's farra. He early evinced a liking for
litenature, and vvas seldora wdlhout a book at hand to which
he would devote all of his unemployed raoments. The
desire for knowledge increasing wilh his years, he soon de
termined upon a profession, and as liberal an education as
circumstances and time would perrait. His father being of
limited means, vvith a large faraily to support, was unable to
afford hira the facilities so rauch coveted, and, at the age of
sixteen, it was arranged that he should leave horae, and,
relying exclusively upon his own efforts, seek those advan
tages necessary to the accomplishment of his purposes. Six
or seven months spent at labor brought him the means to
commence his studies at Alfred University, New York.
During the following six years he pursued his course of
studies Ihere and at Cayuga, New York, wilh Ihe exception
of such intervals spent in teaching as became necessary to
supply the means of defraying exjienses. In 1S52 he com
menced the study of medicine vvith William B. Alley,
M. D., at Almond, New York, applying himself studiously
to acquiring a knowledge of the rudiraents of the science
there, and during the year 1853 at Milwaukee, and 1854 at
Geneva, Wisconsin, where he was also engaged in teaching.
In the fall of the laller year he located in Chicago, becora
ing a pupil in the office of Professors A. B. Palmer and De
Laskie Miller. He entered Rush Medical College at the
opening of the lecture course of 1854-55, and graduated
from that institution in Ihe spring of 1856. After spending
one year in the Mercy Hospital, vvhere, under excellent in
structors, he made a thorough study of disease and ils
24

treatment at the bed-side, he " hung out his shingle " at
Liberlyville, Illinois, where he rapidly made friends, and
readily commanded a fair practice. After several months,
however, he disposed of his office and practice to another
physician and returned to the city of Chicago, and there
located, as he supposed, perraanentiy, and entered at once
into the practice of his profession. In 1858, in conjunction
wilh Professor Edraund Andrews, M. D., he opened a pri
vate analoraical roora, where classes consisting of students,
artists, and professional men were received and instructed
in human anatomy. In the spring of 1859 the instilulion,
novv known as the Chicago Medical College, was organized,
and Dr. Wardner was elected to the position of Demon
strator of Anatomy. He occupied that position until the
outbreak of the civil war of 1861, when he entered the
miUtary service as Surgeon of the I2lh Illinois Volunteers.
In April, 1862, he was proraoted to the rank of Brigade
Surgeon, and assigned as Medical Director of a division,
underthe coraraand of General U. S. Grant. He remained
with the army, in the field, untU after the battle of Corinth,
in October, 1862, participating in seven engagements, viz. :
Belmont, Fort Henry, Fort Donaldson, Pittsburg Landing,
Siege of Corinth, luka, and Corinth, rendering services
for which he received corapliraentary nolice in the reports
of his superior officers. He was then ordered to take
charge of the Uniled States General Hospital at Mound
City, IlUnois, and continued in charge of that establish
raent until Ihe close of the war, and the abolishraent of the
hospital, in August, 1865. He was afterward ordered to
the post of Cairo, and jilaced in charge of ils raedical
affairs, and continued in that position until August, 1866,
when the post was perraanentiy closed. Before being mus
tered out of the service he was promoted to the rank
of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel " for meritorious services."
Pleased with the mild cliraate of southern Illinois, and
finding Cairo a much healthier locality than general re
port abroad attributes to it, or ils first appearance lo a
stranger would indicate, he chose to remain in that place,
now his home, and resuraed the civil practice of his profes
sion. In 1867 he vvas instrumental in establishing the hos
pital known as Ihe St. Mary's Infirmary, and since that time
has continued to be its chief raedical officer. It being a
marine hospital of the third class, places hira on the list of
surgeons in the United States Marine Hospital service. Pie
is an officer of the Southern Illinois Medical Society, and a
member of the American Medical Association. For several
years he has been Surgeon of the Illinois Central Railroad ;
is Examining Surgeon for the United Slates Pensioners,
and Medical Supervisor, Referee, or Examiner for a number
of life insurance companies. He was married in 1858 lo
Louise Rockwood of Wisconsin, a lady well adapted lo fill
a wife's part in the position a professional man occupies in
Ihe community. In his profession he has been successful,
having gained an extensive practice lo which he devotes
his entire tirae and energies, and frora which he enjoys a

rS6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

liberal income. He has made frequent contributions to
raedical literature ; has jirepared and deUvered several lec
tures on scientific subjects, which called forth favorable
notices frora the press and the people. As a citizen he is
respected, and is favored with the esteem and confidence
of the people.

ATTERSON, JOSEPH M., Banker, vvas born at
Mount Joy, Lancaster counly, Pennsylvania,
August I21h, 1837. His father was Samuel S.
Patterson, before mentioned. His education was
acquired at the academy, situated in his native
place. In 1857 he moved, with his parents, to
Sterling, Illinois, and there acted in the capacity of clerk in
his father's dry -goods store — Patterson & Witmer. In the
fall of 1857 he was admitted into that firm as a partner,
and its style vvas changed to Patterson, Witmer & Co. In
1861, at the breaking out of the civil war, he entered the
service of the Uniled States in the I3lh Regiment of Illi
nois Volunteers, and served gallantly with that body until it
was mustered out in 1864. In 1867, in a partnership asso
ciation with his father and Julius Rogers, under the firm-
narae of Rogers, Patterson & Co., he coraraenced the bank
ing business. In 1870 the firm was reconstructed, Rogers
retiring and WiUiam L. Patterson being admitted as part
ner, when the style of Patterson & Co. was adopted, and
has since been retained. In 1873 he vvas elected a mem
ber of the Stale Senate, and served one term. He has also
been a member of the Board of Supervisors. In politics
he is a Republican, and brings lo the support of his party
abilities of no mean order. In all matters concerning the
status, social and political, of his adopted Slate and counly,
he is an active and an efficient co-worker. He was mar
ried in 1864 to Catharine A. Manahan, of Sterling, Illinois.

URCHARD, HON. HORATIO C, M.C., Lawyer,
vvas bom at Marshall, Oneida county, Nevv York,
September 22d, 1825. His parents vvere Horatio
Burchard, formerly engaged in farraing and agri
cultural pursuits, and Frances (Chapin) Burchard,
both of Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1840 he
removed, with his faniily, to Beloit, Wisconsin. In 1850,
after the termination of his allotted course of studies, he
graduated at Hamilton College, located in his native Slate.
During the ensuing year he had charge of an acaderay in
Monroe, Green county, Wisconsin. He had previously
comraenced the study of law, in a special cl.ass, under the
supervision and able guidance of Professor Dwdghl, now of
Columbia College, New York, and in 1852 was admitted to
the Monroe, Wisconsin, bar. In 1854 he took charge of
the Freeport, Illinois, schools, as General Manager and
head teacher. In 1855 he associated himself in a partner

ship connection with Thomas I. Turner, under the style of
Turner & Burchard, for the practice of law. In 1856 E.
P. Barton was admitted as a partner, and T. I. Turner re
tiring in 1858, the firm was continued until 1873 under the
style of Burchard & Barton. In 1862, in conjunction with
his brother, he estabUshed a hardware slore in Freeport, the
firm of H. C. Burchard & Brother, which was continued
until l86g, while, in the interim, he was professionally and
successfuUy occupied. From 1857 to i860 he was School
Commissioner of Stephenson county, Illinois. In 1863 and
1865 he was a prominent member of the Legislalure of Illi
nois, and vvhile acting in that capacity evinced the posses
sion of SterUng abilities, and faithfully guarded the interests
of his constituents. In the session of 1863 he was a mem
ber of the Comraittee on Claims, and in that of 1865 was
Chairraan of the Coraraittee on Banks and Corporations.
In 1869 he was elecled lo Congress, at a special election
held lo fill the vacancy occasioned by the re.signation of
Washburne, prior to his departure for Europe as Uniled
States Minister to France. He sat wilh the Congressional
body in the Porly-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Con
gresses, and in Noveraber, 1874, was re-elected to the Forty-
fourth Congress. In politics he is a firm and consistent
Republican, and to the support of his parly brings abilities
of no raean order, and the prestige of an honorable reputa
tion and unsullied record.

ATTON, REV. FRANCIS L., D. D., was born
in the i.-.land of Bermuda, Januaiy 22d, 1843.
The faraily for several generations, or over a
hundred years, have been residents of that island,
but came originally from Scotland. His falher
was George I. Pation, a shipping merchant, and
is now deceased. The son was educated in a private
acaderay until the age of fifteen ; then further pursued his
studies in the University of Toronto, Canada ; and also in
the Theological Department of Princeton College, vvhere
he graduated in 1865. Pie was then ordained, and settled,
June 1st, 1865, as pastor over the Eighty-fourth Street
Presbyterian Church of New York city. Two years later
he accepted a call lo the Presbyterian Church of Nyack, on
the Hudson. In 1 87 1 he was called to Ihe South Presby
terian Church of Brooklyn, Nevv York. In the following
year he accepted the Professorship of Didactic and Polemic
Theology, in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the
Northwest, located at Chicago, which position he now holds.
In 1873 he took editorial charge of The Interior, and still
acts in that capacity, in company wilh Rev. C. L. Thomp
son, who has since become associate elder. He is also
occupying Ihe pulpit of the Jefferson Park Presbyterian
Church of Chicago, .as he has done for a year past. He is
author of a treatise on Ihe inspiration of the Scriptures, and
of a summary cf Christian doctrine, which is embraced iu

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

187

a volume entitled "Preparing to Teach," both of these
being published by the Presbyterian Board of Publication.
He has also been an occasional contributor to the Prince
ton Revina. He is, perhaps, best known to the public in
cimnection with the famous ecclesiastical trial of Professor
.Swing, May-October, 1874; which resulted in the latter's
acquittal before the Presbytery, and subsequent conviction of
heresy before the Synod, and withdrawal from the denomi
nation. Prr.fessor Patton was married, October loth, 1865,
to Rosa Antoinette Stevenson, daughter of Rev. Dr. Steven
son, Secretary of the American Tract Society.

' HARTERS, ALEXANDER, Merchant, was born
in Belfast, Ireland, July 7lh, 1800. His parents
were Alexander Charters and Eleanor (Mackey)
Charters. He received his education in his
native place, and in 1816 sailed for New York,
in order to join his two brothers, who were estab
lished in business in that city as linen importers. He there
entered Iheir store, and in due course of tirae was adrailted
into partnership wilh them, the firm-style then adopted
being J. A. Charters & Co. He continued thus occupied
until 1838, when he retired frora active business life, and
removed to Dixon, Illinois. In Ihis locality he purchased
a section of land, which is one of the most fertile and beau
tifully located properties in the Stale. There he has since
permanently resided, surrounded by natural scenery of un
rivalled loveliness, retired wdlhin a spot on the Rock river,
whose innumerable and unsurpassed beauties have called
forth the admiration of that gifted woman, Margaret Fuller
Ossoli. Though not actively engaged in business since his
residence in Dixon, he has been prorainentiy identified with
many of the enlerjirises and moveraents relating to the
town, and his unbounded hospitalily and geni.''l nalure,
coupled with his many olher endearing characteristics, have
conduced to make him one of the most wddely known and
best beloved citizens of the tovvn. He was married in
1827 to Ellen Boomer, of Belfast, who died in Nevv York
in 1832. His only son, James B. Charters, is a prominent
legal practitioner of Dixon, Illinois.

LAUW, C. A. W., M. D., was born in Gerraany,
August 23d, 1843. His parents were A. J.
Blauw and C. A. Blauvv ; both were natives of
Gerraany, and died in l84g and 1850, respec
tively. His earlier and elemenlaiy education
was acquired at the ordinary educational estab
lishments of Strasburg, France, whence he removed to
Carlsruhe, Baden. Subsequently he moved to Heidelberg,
graduated frora the famous inslilulion of that name, and
then completed his medical education at Wurtzburg. After

leaving the latter institution he practised for a brief period
in Baden, then crossed over lo London, England, where he
resumed the practice of his profession in connection with
Dr. Fickel, now widely known in Chicago, with whom,
ultimately, he came to this country. After practising for
varying periods in different cities, he settied finally in Cairo,
where he has since permanently resided. He possesses an
extensive business, and also the confidence and esteem of
all Ihose who have become acquainted with hira and his
raany sound acquireraents. Endowed wilh natural abilities
of no mean order, the thorough course of elemenlaiy and
advanced training, through which he passed in the foreign
schools and universities, has effectively developed them.
His varied experience also, both in the new world and the
old, has added greatly to his value as a physician of capa
bilities and resources, while his innate predilection foi"
study and research keeps him constantly within the current
of the latest investigations and discoveries concerning the
medical science.

ORA, JOHN WILLIAM, M. D., was bom in
Bracken county, Kentucky, May 5th, 1827. On
the paternal side he is of English, and on Ihe
maternal of Scotch descent. His parents were
originally residents of Maryland, who, very early
in the present century, moved to Kentucky, and
engaged in Ihe culture of tobacco, four miles south of
Augusta. He was educated in Cincinnati, at the Wes
leyan College. Upon abandoning a preparatory collegiate
life he entered Bartlett's Commercial College at that place,
purposing to eng.age in the mercantile trade. After keep
ing books for one year, hovvever, he relinquished this inten
tion, and, deciding to embrace the medical profession,
coraraenced -the study of medicine under the preceptorship
of Dr. G. R. C. Todd, a brother of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln,
at Cynthiana, Harrison county, Kentucky. At the com
pletion of the usual probationary term he graduated in 1850
at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnad. He then entered
at once upon the active practice of his profession at Buena
Vista, Harrison counly, Kentucky, continuing occupied
professionally and successfuUy untU 1856. Subsequentiy,
after a short sojourn in Missouri, he removed to Mattoon,
Illinois, in August of the sarae year, where he has since,
wilh a single exception, perraanentiy resided. For two
years he lived in Chicago, where he took a degree in medi
cine, at the Rush Medical College, and became a member
of the Cook County Medical Association. For a period of
neariy twenty years he has practised his profession in Coles
counly, raeeting wilh great and deserved success, and
attending to all iraportant cases of surgery. He was one
of the eariiest settlers in this section of the Slate, and in
his recoUection has many interesting and instructive anec
dotes and incidents, Ulustrating in a vivid manner Ihe events
connected wilh its growth and development. He has

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

alvvays been prominentiy identified with the local history of
Maltoon, and was the first Mayor of the town, serving three
entire terras. In 1857 he obtained a dispensation for the
organization of a lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, the
first established there, and of this he was the first Master
installed. In politics he was always a Henry Clay Whig,
until 1856, when he attached himself to the Democratic
party, of which he has since been a faithful and valued ad
herent. He was married May nth, 1850, near Cynthiana,
Kentucky, to Mrs. Martha E. Whitaker, a daughter of
Robert Sraith, of Harrison county, Kentucky. She died
March 28th, 1873, leaving issue of four children.

ELCH, WILLIAM R., Lawyer, was born in Jes
samine counly, Kentucky, in 1828, his parents
bemg John and Elizabeth (Rice) Welch, both
natives of the same State. He was educated at
Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky,
and graduated from the Literary Department of
that institution in 1847, and from the Legal Department in
1 85 1. He commenced the practice of law in Nicholasville,
Kentucky, in 1854, and continued it untU 1864, when he re
moved to Carlinsville, Macoupin county, Illinois, where he
has been ever since actively engaged in his professional
duties, to which he devotes his attention exclusively. He
has won his way to the front rank of the profession in that
county by the display of exceUent qualities bolh as an advis
ing counsel and pleader at the bar. He is a thoroughly read
lawyer, and is eloquent and logical in all his forensic efforts.
JHe has been retained in many of the most important cases
which have engaged the attention of the courts of that sec
tion, and has earned the high reputation which he now pos
sesses. He was married in 1854 to Annie M. Corn, of
Jessamine county, Kentucky.

I CORE, ENOCH W., M. D., was born in Monroe
county, Illinois, Deceraber 7lh, 1821, being the
son of Enoch Moore, a rainister of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, who was born at Bellefontaine,
in the same counly, February 17th, 1783, and was
the first Ainerican male who could claim the State
of Illinois as his birth-place. His mother, whose maiden
name was Mary Whitesides, vvas a native of Kentucky, but
removed to Illinois in I7g3. Whitesides county, Illinois,
vvas named after her brother. Dr. Moore's elementary edu
cation was principally obtained at home, there being at that
early tirae very meagre facilities for obtaining school instruc
tion in that section. Having concluded to adopt the medical
profession as his pursuit for life, he commenced his studies
wilh Dr. Knott, of Colurabia, Illinois, now deceased, and in
1851 matriculated in the Medical Department of the St.

Louis University, from vvhich he graduated in 1853. He
located at Carlyle, in Clinton county, Illinois, and practised
with encouraging success for five years and then removed to
Decatur, where he has since lived and actively followed his ,
profession, saving that interval during vvhich he was con
nected wilh United States service. In October, 1862, he was
coramissioned Surgeon of the 115th Illinois Volunteers, but
remained in the field only a few months, his failing health
compelling his retirement. He resumed his practice, which
he conducted alone for some time. In 1865 he again asso
ciated with Dr. Barnes, who had been connected wilh hira
jicjor to his entrance into the government service. Dr.
Moore, as vvell as his associate, is a thoroughly read physi
cian, expert in the detection of diseases, and skilful in the
ajiplication of reraedies. He enjoys the fullest confidence
of the community, and is continuaUy occupied wilh the
duties of an extensive and daily increasing patronage. He
was raarried in October, 1854, to Anna B. Lockwood, of
PhUadelphia.

¦pRAY, JOHN C, M.D., was bora in Greensburg,
Green county, Kentucky, April 23d, 1817. His

parents. Dr. William Gray and Kiltie (Winn) Gray,
were natives of the same State. His earlier educa
tion was acquired in the common school of his na
tive place, and also in the academy at Winchester,
Clark county, Kentucky. On leaving school he engaged in
merchandising in Kentucky for a period of two years, and
then removed successively to Sangamon and Adams counties
in Illinois, and finally to St. Louis, constantly engaged in the
meanwhile in the prosecution of his business. While in
Kentucky he conmienced the study of medicine, vvhich he
continued after his dejiarture from that State, and in St. Louis
entered the Medical Department of the Kemper CoUege,
ultimately graduating from that institution. He was subse
quently appointed Adjunct to the Professor of Anatomy, and
the year following Adjunct to the Professor of Chemistiy in
the same college, occujiying the latter jiosition during the
winter of 1841-1842. He then removed to Mount Vernon,
Jeffereon county, Illinois, where, excejiting a period of Ihree
years passed in California, he has since jiermanenlly resided,
constantly engaged in the jiraclice of his jirofession, in which
he has met with marked success, having quickly secured a
leading jiosition ainong his brother practitioners. He novv
devotes his attention chiefly to the tre.atraent of the diseases
of women and children, being in that branch of raedicine at
the head of his profession in this section of Illinois. He is
the President of the Soulhern Medical Association, which
position he has occujiied since the organization of the insti
tution. While in St. Louis he graduated at the lavv school
there, and is accordingly well acquainted wilh the general
principles involved in Ihe practice of common law. He vvas
married in 1837 to Juliana Lovett, of Bond county, Illinois,
who died several years ago. He was again married in 1S61

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

to Sarah A. Green, daughter of Dr. Duff Green, a well-
known and respected citizen of Danville, Boyle county,
Kentucky.

NDERHILL, ISAAC, Capitalist, was com in Sing
Sing, Westchester county. New York, January 4th,
1808. He was a lineal descendant of Captain
John Underbill, who was sent to this country by
the British government in 1700, to chastise the
hostile Indians. His earlier years were passed
npon the paternal farm, where he enjoyed the advantages of
a common school education. At nineteen years of age he
removed to New York city, w'here he was engaged for two
years as clerk in a wholesale grocery and provision store.
At Ihe expiration of that time he established himself in the
groceiy business on his own account, and continued in it for
three years. In November, 1830, he loaded a vessel wdth
groceries, and sailed for New Orleans, Louisiana, where he
was occupied in trade during two subsequent winters, resid
ing afterward temporarUy at St. Louis. Deceraber 25th,
1833, in corapany wilh a friend, he arrived in Peoria, Illinois.
Being pleased with the beauty of its site he purchased several
tovvn lots, and in 1834 laid out his first addition to the city.
In 1840 he closed up his business in St. Louis, and settling
permanently at Peoria, engaged in farming. In 1841 he
built a fine and spacious residence on the bluff, where he
afterward resided for thirty years. He Ihen erected three
pork houses and also an extensive slaughter-house. He
added in the meantime largely to his farra, until it embraced
an area of over two thousand two hundred acres. In 1854
he assisted importantly in the organization of Ihe Bureau
Valley Railroad Company, and was the first President of
the road. In 1855 he organized the Peoria Marine and Fire
Insurance Company, and occupied its Presidency at various
times for a period of thirteen years. In 1 865 he was instru
mental in effectihg the organization of the Mechanics' Na
tional Bank of Peoria, and over that institution presided ably
as first President. In 1866 he disposed of his interest in
this bank, and built the Metropolitan Hotel, an enterprise
necessitating the outlay of eighty thousand dollars, and which
in 1868 was totaUy destroyed by fire. In 1863 or 1864 he
had also built at Secor a fine hotel at an expense of forty
thousand doUars, expecting Ihat place would become the
counly seat of Woodford county, Illinois. In 1867 he be
came interested in the development of water power on the
Illinois river at Marseilles, and in conjunction with Rodine
Clark invested a large amount of money in Ihe speculation.
In 1870 he removed to Marseilles, and was appointed Presi
dent of the Water Power Corapany, and organized also the
Marseilles Bridge Company, which constructed ine bridge at
that place. Soon after its construction it was swept away,
and immediately rebuilt by the same company. In Novem
ber, 1874, being in very feeble health, he removed to Dallas,
Texas, where he remained until February 1st, 1875. ^^ 'his

date being State Agent for an insurance corapany, he went
to Austin in the sarae Slate, wdiere he died very suddenly,
stricken with apoplexy, March 31st, 1S75. In 1842 he was
elected one of the Town Trustees of Peoria, and served three
terms as Aldennan. He vvas twice elected Supervisor and
once Township Assessor. Pie laid out the towns of Secor,
Massville, and what is novv Bunifield, and founded them.
He assisted also in building up Ihe new town of Marseilles.
He was a raan of extraordinary energy and ability, and was
engaged in raore separate and distinct undertakings Ihan
any other person who has ever lived in Peoria. Pie .was a
very prorainent Mason, and a most exeraplary citizen. The
news of his death was received with profound sorrow, and
when his remains vvere brought lo Peoria fcr interment, a
vast concourse of citizens lined the streets, and attended Ihe
funeral services in honor of his menior)', and as a tribute of
sympathy and respect fcr his bereaved widow.

OBERT, EDWARD SISSON, Dentist, was born
in Genoa, Cayuga county. New York, May 10th,
1827. His fa'ther was Cajitain Daniel Hobert, a
shoemaker by trade. He first attended the district
school, and afterward the academy at Homer,
New York, until eighteen years of age. He then
taught among the schools of Ihat vicinity for eight years.
He next comraenced Ihe study of dentistry in Fannersville,
Seneca county, Nevv York, with Dr. Lewis, which he con
tinued for two years. In the spring of 1855 he was married
to Mary E. PhiUipps <.f Iv-rmersvii'.e. In the fall of 1855 he
moved to Ottawa, Illinois, and opened a dental office, which
practice he has continued till this day. He was admitted to
Ihe Illinois Slate Dental Association in 1872. He has been
for years prorainent in rausical raatters in various churches
of the city, and is one of the raost experienced dentists in
that section of country.

JifljOARDMAN, ISAAC S., Merchant and Editor,
It \, was born in Tioga county, New York, January
11 I 3d, 1816, being the son of Isaac S. and Abigail
(Saltraarsh) Boardraan. He was educated at a
private academy at Athens, Pennsylvania, and at
the age of sixteen entered as clerk in a general
store in Bath, Steuben county. New York. In the spring
of 1837 he removed to Dixon, IlUnois, vvhere he established
himself in mercantile business, entering into a partnership
with S. M. Bowman, the firm-narae being S. M. Bowman
& Co. In 1841 the firm dissolved. Subsequently Mr.
Boardman started a flour mill at Pine Creek, Ogle counly,
Illinois, which he profitably raaintained until 185c, when he
sold out and retumed to Dixon. Shortly afterwiirds he was
elected Circuit Clerk, and retained that office until i860, in
which year he purchased the Dixon Telegraph and became

igo

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

its editor, continuing in Ihat capacity until 1871, when he
retired from active life. He is largely interested in several
re.al estate operations, and in other enterprises. He is a
Republican in politics. In 1838 he was elected County
Clerk of Lee county, of vvhich Dixon is Ihe county seat, and
held th.il position for four years, being the first incumbent
of that office. He is the son-in-Law of old " Father Dixon,"
the patriarch and pioneer settler of northwestern Illinois,
having married his daughter Maty in 1840. She died in
1850. [ EEBLES, LEWIS P., County Judge of Macoupin
county, Illinois, was born in Chesterfield, in that
county, July I3lh, 1836. His father, Jesse Peebles,
was a native of South Carolina, who seltied in
Illinois in 1834. His mother, whose maiden narae
was Margaret Reeder, vvas a native of Tennessee.
He was taught in the schools of his section, which were
above Ihe usual standard, and obtained by careful study
supervised by intelligent preceptors a broad and liberal edu
cation. In 1861 and 1862 he read law vvith W. A. Grim-
shaw, of Pittsfield, Illinois. In August of the latter year he
entered t|he United Stales service as Captain of Company D,
I22d Illinois Infantry, and served with that command until
1865. Upon his return he resumed his lavv studies, and was
admitted lo the Illinois bar in 1867, locating very shortly
after in Carlinsville, Macoupin county, where he commenced
practice. He obtained a large clientage, and distinguished
his profession by zeal and rare skill in the interpretation and
application of Ihe principles of law. He practised until the
fall of 1873, when he vvas elected to the County Judgeship,
in which office he has confinned the high public estimate of
his legal abilities. He vvas for four years Deputy Sheriff of
the same county. In 1869 he was married to Sarah E.
Odell, who is also a native of Illinois.

^^ffHOMAS, COLONEL JOHN, Member of Ihe Legis
lature for St. Clair county, IlUnois, was born in
Virginia, January nth, 1800, and in the spring of
1818 removed to St. Clair county, in the then
Territory, now State of Illinois, whieh he has
since made his home. When a young raan he
was warmly interested in raatters and movements of a mili
tary nature, and at different tiraes was elected to various
railitary offices as Major, Colonel, etc. Also during the
progress of the Black Hawk Indian war in 1832, he was
placed in command of a regiment, and perforraed service of
a varied and valuable nature. In 1838 he was elected to
the General Asserably of the State of Illinois, and vvas a
meraber of the last session held at Vandalia, Fayette county,
and the first session held at Springfield, Sangamon county.
In politics he acted wilh the old Whig party during ils exist
ence, and was a valued and efficient ally. In 1854 he be

came one of the foremost men of St. Clair county in organiz
ing what vvas then known as the Anti-Nebraska party, ulti
mately the Republican party, of which he has always been. a
zealous and consistent member. In 1856 he was a candi
date for Congress frora the above district but failed to secure
an election, being defeated by Colonel J, L. D. Morrison.
In 1862 he was again elected to the Legislature of Illinois,
again in 1864, again in 1872, and again in 1874. For many
years past he has been one of the largest fanners and agri
culturists of St. Clair county, but of late has rented to various
tenants all his farms and reraoved to Belleville, where he
now permanently resides. Rendered thoroughly familiar
wdth the infinite currents and under-currents of poUtical life
by his long and varied career as a public official, perfectiy
cognizant for the same reason of the measures needed fcr
the prompt and advantageous development of the resources
of his adopted State and county, he is in many respects a
model legislator, and has invariably sustained with fidelity
and ability the true and most vital interests of his con
stituents. Mingling incessantly with the frays and con
flicts of rival organizations, he has yet always commanded
the respect of the leaders of all parties, and borne himself
wilh loyally and honor. He was married in June, 1822, to
Isabella Kinney, daughter of William Kinney, late Lieu
tenant-Governor of the State of Illinois, a man of sterling
qualities, whose decease in Deceraber, 1868, caused univer
sal regret among those with whom he had come in contact,
whether in the role of private citizen or public functionary.
He was subsequently again married to Mrs. Magdalena
Holdner, a daughter of Jacob von Eue, a native of Switzer
land.

CETLING, CHARLES F., Lawyer, was born in
Union county, Pennsylvania, September igth,
1832. His father, a Gemian, came to the United
States in 1 824 ; his mother was a native of Penn
sylvania. He was educated primarily at the Union
Seminary in his native place, and subsequently at
the New Berlin High School. On abandoning his prepara
tory student life he became a teacher in the public schools
near New Berlin, then at the public high school in New
i Berlin, removing later to Belleville, IlUnois, where he ar
rived in August, 1856. In this place also he taught in the
public high school for a terra of seven months, and then, in
partnership with Professor Carl Rau, opened in Belleville
the Belleville Gerraan and English High School, teaching
the coraraon and also the higher branches. During the
time occupied in teaching he began the study of law under
the instructions of W. H. and J. B. Underwood, and finally
was adraitted to the bar in April, i85g, by the Supreme
Court of the State. Pie remained in connection wilh the
high school at Belleville until l85g. During the winter of
1859-1860 he was employed in teaching at Centreville, and
became associated with Judge Underwood in the practice of

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

igi

the law, and at the expiration of two years connected hira
self in partnership with that practitioner, and has since
continued with him as his partner. In 1863 he officiated
as City Attorney, and from 1866 to 1872 was a member of
the Belleville School Board. Since 1872 he has been a
member of the State Board of Education, a position for
which he is admirably qualified, and to which he was re
appointed in April, 1875, by Governor Beveridge. Pie has
always been an ardent sujiporter of educational enteiprises
and movements, and is prominently identified with the
school interests of the State. He is one of the charter
members of the Peoples' Bank of Belleville, and at the
present tirae is one of its Directors and its Attorney. He is
connected also with the BelleviUe Building and Loan Asso
ciation, was one of its originators and raost efficient prorao
ters, and is its Attorney. He is Vice-President also of the
Cottingham Ironing Machine Comjiany. In religion he is
a valued and steadfast member of the Presbyterian Church,
and the Superintendent of a Presbyterian Sunday-school.
Thoroughly cultured both by incessant study and by a varied
experience in professional and business life, he is esteeraed
for his store of knowledge acquired by a wide range of
reading, and for the innate ability which has enabled hira
to make that knowledge useful and valuable to himself and
his fellow-citizens. He was mamed iu 1858 to Julia M.
Savyer, of Belleville, IlUnois.

•IDDLECOFF, JONATHAN P., Merchant, was
born in Richraond, Indiana, February 20th, 1838.
He is the son of Daniel Middlecoff and Theresa
Middlecoff, natives of Maryland, who settled in
Indiana in 1831. When in his eighth year he
reraoved with his parents to Cincinnati, Ohio,
where he received his education in the neighboring schools.
At the age of nineteen he moved to Ludlow, Champaign
county, Illinois, where he engaged in the mercantUe busi
ness, in which he continued during the ensuing three years.
The next four years he passed on a farm, occupied in agri
cultural pursuits. In the fall of 1869 he settied in Paxton,
and engaged in the hardware business, to which he devoted
his attention for a period of three years. In the fall of 1872
he was elected to the Legislature frora Ford county, and
served two years. During his terra of service this body
revised the statutes of the State, and the session was consid
ered one of the most iraportant ever held in the State. He
served on the Committee of County and Township Organi
zation, on the Committee of PubUc Buildings and Grounds,
and on the Committee of Corporations. At the expiration
of his term of service he established himself in the dry-goods
business in the town of Paxton, in conjunction vvith S. L.
Day, and has since continued engaged in its prosecution.
In politics he was always an ally of the Republican parly ;
but in. 1872, in company with other prominent Republicans,

he espoused the Greeley parly, and, as the liberal candidate,
was elected by the largest majority ever given to a candidate
from that counly. His career, whether viewed from a
private or a public standpoint, is wholly honorable, and he
is deservedly an object of respect and esteem to a large
circle of friends and acquaintances. He was married in
January, 1864, to Miss Fox, a fonner resident of Cincinnati,
Ohio.

OFFING, CHURCHILL, Judge and Banker, was
bom in Salisbury, Connecticut, Noveraber 13th,
1813. His father, John Coffing, was a prorainent
manufacturer of pig-iron at Richmond, Massachu
setts, ancl Lakeville, Litchfield county, Connecti
cut. Until twelve years of age he was educated
in Ihe home circle, attending school subsequently in Pitts
field, Massachusetts, whence he vvas transferred to Yale
College, where, upon the comjiletion of the usual course of
studies, he graduated in the class of 1834. Pie then en
gaged in the study of lavv at New Haven, and also in Litch
field, Connecticut. Later, in company with his brother,
Joshua Coffing, he travelled in Europe for one year. In
1839 he reraoved to Peru, Illinois, vvhere he reraained for
some time, occupied continuously during a period of eigh
teen years in the active practice of the legal profession. In
1849, while still employed professionally, he constructed a
lar.n-e warehouse in Peru, and for many years was interested
in the shipment of grain. In 1857 he organized the Illinois
River Bank of -Peru, and continued engaged in financial
raanagement and banking until 1867. In 1870, meeting
with unforeseen reverses, he removed to Chicago, where he
died, May 17th, 1873, of rheumatism and dropsy of the
heart. Pie was a man of refined scholarly attainments, and
possessed much literaiy ability, having evinced the posses
sion of considerable poetic talent. The poem, particularly,
delivered by him before his class at graduation, elicited
much favorable comment.

ATTHEWS, JOHN PITT, M. D., was born in
Hereford, England, in 1835, being the son of John
and Caroline (Cooper) Matthews, who came to
the United States in 1844, and located in Law
rence county, Pennsylvania. He received his
education at Allegheny College, Meadville, Penn
sylvania, and removed to Illinois in 1S57, where in the
following year he entered upon the study of medicine under
Dr. Peter Fenity, at Kane. In 1861 he matriculated in Ihe
Michigan University, at Keokuk, and after completing one
course entered the United States Army, in 1862, as Assistant
Surgeon of the I22d Regiment Illinois Volunteers. He
was compelled to retire frora the sei-vice at the expiralion of
one year on account of ill heallh, and upcn his return from

192

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

the field he attended a full medical course at the Long
Island Hospital College, from which he received his degree
of M. D. He commenced practice at Carlinsville in 1865,
and has continued it to the present time, having by his
attention and skill secured a very extensive and valuable
patronage. He is a raeraber of the State Medical Society,
and at present is President of the Macoupin County Medical
Association. Pie was married September 13th, 1865, to
EUzabeth, daughter of Governor John A. Palraer, of Illinois.

;OERNER, GUSTAVUS, LL. D., Lawyer, ex-
Lieutenant-Governor, etc., was born in Frankfort,
Gerraany, November 20th, 1809. His father was
a well-known publisher and bookseller, and for
many years was a member of the Legislature of
Frankfor'- Plis earUer education was acquired at
the college located in his native place. While in his eigh
teenth year he went to the University of Jena in order to
prosecute the study of law, and was an attendant at that
institution for a term of two years. He subsequently com
pleted his purposed course of studies at Munich and in
Heidelberg, where in 1832 he graduated and obtained the
degree of LL.D. In the same year he passed the required
examination and was admitted to the bar of Frankfort.
Ultimately, owing to political complications, he left his
counlry, and in 1 833 emigrated to the United States. Pro
ceeding to the West immediately upon his arrival here,-,he
settled in Belleville, Illinois, ancl entered energetically upon
the study of Araerican law. After attending one term at
the Law School of Lexington, Kentucky, he was admitted
to the bar of Illinois in 1S35. He Ihen coraraenced the
active practice of his jirofession, at vvhich he continued until
1845, vvhen he vvas elected by the Legislature one of the
Judges of the Supreme Court. Before that time, in 1842,
he had acted as a member of the Legislature for St. Clair
county. In 1852 he was elected by the Democratic party
Lieutenant-Governor of the State of Illinois for a terra of
four years. In 1854, on account of the slavery question, he
became what was then called an anti-Nebraska Democrat,
and in 1856 joined the Republican jiarty. While the war
of the rebellion was in progress he raised and organized a
regiment — the 43d lUinois Volunteers — but was prevented
frora entering upon its coraraand by his appointment by the
President on the staff of General Fremont, with the rank of
Colonel. In that position he served until Freraonl's retire
raent, vvhen he was attached to the staff of General Halleck.
In March, 1862, owing to a continued enfeeblement of
health, he resigned the latter position, and in the following
June was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to Spain,
which office, however, he resigned in January, 1865. In
1868 he was made one of the Electors at Large on the
Grant ticket, and in 1871 was appointed a member of the
newly-created Railroad Coraraission, over which he presided

until his resignation, in January, 1873. In 1872 he attended
the Cincinnati Convention, and in June was nominated as a
candidate for the Governorship by the Democratic and also
by the Liberal Republican Conventions, at Springfield. On
this occasion, however, he failed to secure an election, his
opponent. Governor Oglesby, receiving the majority of
votes. When not engaged, in public offices whose functions
are incompatible with the practice of law, he has constantly
attended to his profession. He has also devoted much time
to literature and literary pursuits, and has often contributed
to newspapers and periodicals. He is the author of a vol
ume entitled " From Spain," composed of letters on various
subjects, and essays on art and kindred topics of an seslhetic
nature ; and also of sundry articles in several of the reviews
and magazines which testify to his excellence as a scholar
and a thinker. He was married at Belleville, in 1836, to
Sophia Engelmann, daughter of a prominent and respected
citizen of St. Clair county, Illinois.

^ COTT, JAMES R., M. D., vvas bom in Petersburg,
Indiana, September 13th, 1840. He is the son

of W. L. Scott, of Tennessee, and Melinda Scott,
of Kentucky. His earlier education was acquired
at a school managed by A. T. Hendricks, a
brother of Governor Hendricks, of Indiana, and
an able and cultured preceptor. Upon relinquishing school
life he entered a printing office, and while learning his trade
there commenced also the study of medicine, reading under
the supervision of Dr. G. R. Adams. In 1861, on the com
pletion of his probationary terra, he graduated from the
Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. In the raean
tirae he had likewise finished his apprenticeship as printer.
In 1862 he entered the service of the United States as
Assistant Surgeon of the 3d Regiraent of Kentucky Infantry,
and acted in this capacity until October, 1864. While thus
eraployed he was constantly and actively engaged in field
service, accoraplishing the numerous duties falling to him
with energy and ability. He was a participant at the battles
of Chickaraauga, Missionary Ridge, Dalton, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, and Jonesboro', and took
part in raany other engageraents of minor importance.
After leaving the service he was employed as a Contract
Physician in the Jefferson Hospital, Jeffersonville, Indiana,
for a period of five raonths, and then ordered to Nashville,
Tennessee, where he reraained until May Ist, 1865, at
which date he returned to civil life. He reraoved subse
quently to Effingham county, Illinois, and in that place
entered upon the active practice of his profession in connec
tion with Dr. G. W. Cornwell, remaining thus occupied
during the ensuing eighteen months. Pie then settied in
Edgewood, in the same county, in 1870, and in 1874 raoved
lo Effingham, and entered into partnership with Dr. John
Lecrone, the oldest medical practitioner in the county, and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

this association still endures. The partners possess a prac
tice which is second to none in the county in extent and
character, and theyare admittedly two of the raost skilful
and successful practitioners in that section of the Stale. He
was married to his jiresent wife, April 2d, 1871.

^ABING, HENRY G., Banker, Mayor of Effing
ham, Illinois, was born in Prussia, January 13th,
1837. His education was acquired in the com
mon schools of Illinois. At fourteen years of age
he engaged in mercantile business in Teutopolis,
Effingham county, Illinois, acting in the capacity
of clerk, and continued thus occupied until i860, when,
moving to Effingham, he entered into business on his own
account. From that date until 1866 he was employed con
stantly in general merchandising, meeting with much suc
cess throughout that period. Subsequently, noting the lack
of banking faciUties in his new abode, he disposed of his
business, and in conjunction with Mr. Craddock established
the banking house which is now such a prorainent and val
uable feature of the town. Of this institution he is at the
present time sole owner and controller, his partner having,
m 1872, withdrawn from the firm. His management of its
business matters is characterized by prudence, energy, and
admirable ability, and has won for him the confidence and
esteem of the entire community. In 1867 he was elecled
to the County Treasuryship, and filled that position until
1869. In 1873 he was again elected to the same office, and
served with skill and fidelity until 1875. In April of the
latter year he was elected Mayor of Effingham for the terra
of two years, securing an election as the Democratic candi
date by a very large majority. In addition to his occupa-'
tions as a b.anker and public functionary, he has invested
large sums of money in improving the town, and the exist
ence of many of its finest buildings has been the result of
his public-spirited enterprise. He was married in i860 to
Miss Wersiiig, of Effingham county, Illinois.

'93
upon the practice of his profession in New York city, and
continued it wilh much success in that place until 1837
In the foUowing year he removed to Princeton, Illinois'
settied on a tract of land in its vicinity, and tumed his
attention to agricultural pursuits. Princeton at that time
had a population of not over three hundred. Pie continued
fanning for thirty-five years, and in 1873 sold out and moved
mto the town where he now resides. He was manied in
1850 to Miss Isabella Swift, of Boston, and has two daugh
ters. He was elected as the first President of the Bureau
County Agricultural Society, He is a man of literary cul
ture and tastes. He takes a deep interest in the advance
ment of the interests of agriculturalists, and has from time
to time delivered lectures on subjects relating to their pur
suit. He has also delivered addresses on literary and
scientific theraes which evinced much originality of thought
and depth of research.

I OODRUFF, ROBERT J„ M, D„ was bom in
Savannah, Georgia, November nth, 1S06, being
the son of Plon. George Woodruff, an eminent
lawyer of that State, who was appointed to the
office of United States District Attorney by Presi
dent Adams, At the age of nine years he vvas
placed at school in New Jersey, and was prepared for a col
legiate career. At the age of sixteen he entered Princeton
CoUege, and in 1824, being then eighteen years old, he
graduated. In the meantime his parents had raoved to New
Jersey. His medical- studies were commenced and pursued
in Philadeljihia, and in 1829 he received the degree of
M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He entered
25

OOLLEY, EDWIN C, M. D., was born in Hamil
ton county, Ohio, in 1820, being the son of
William and Mary Woolley. His eariy education
was obtained in the common schools. In 1843
he entered upon the study of medicine, for the
practice of which he had early evinced an inclina
tion, in Butler county, Ohio, and soon after — in 1846 
matriculated at the Ohio Medical College, in Cincinnati.
Pie took one course at this institution and received its
diploma, entering at once upon the practice of his chosen
profession in Butler county, where he remained until i860.
During this time he had studied industriously in all the
branches relating to the science of medicine, and had
availed hiraself in 1852 of another course of lectures which
vvere delivered in Miarai Medical CoUege. In i860 he
removed to Illinois, and located in Paris, Edgar county,
where he has been ever since actively engaged with his
professional duties. He is a raeraber of Ihe Wabash Valley
Esculapian Society, and has several times been a delegate
to the State Medical Society. He is a man of fine culture,
of prepossessing manners, and has the reputation of a careful
and expert physician. Pie was married in 1842 to Eliza
beth K. Hunter, of Bufler county, Ohio.

ALTON, WILLIAM, Merchant, was born in Dur
ham, England, November 30th, 1835. His
parents vvere John Walton and Jane (Robson)
Walton. He was educated in Durhara and
Birrainghara, and on leaving school was appren
ticed to learn the dry-goods business in Darling
ton. Subsequently he went to Stone, Ledbury, and to
Birmingham, where he vvas engaged in business for a period
of about six years.. He emigrated to the Uniled States in
1855, landing.at New York upon his arrival in this country^

194

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

He then proceeded westward and settled at Chicago, Illi
nois, where he entered Ihe well-known dry-goods house of
J. B. Shay. He thence removed to Amboy, Illinois, where
he established hiraself in the dry-goods business on his ovvn
account. In 1858 he again changed his head-quarters to
Freeport, in the same Slate, where he resumed his former
business, priraarily liraited in character and extent, but des
tined to assurae large projiortions. At the present tirae he
controls the most extensive retail dry-goods house in the
Stale outside of Chicago. His business includes every
branch of dry-goods, notions, tapestry, carpets, etc., and also
tailoring ; in that departraent alone a large trade being done.
He has constantly a staff of fifteen clerks in his employ, and
the annual sales amount to over $200,000. His success is
attributable to energy, tact, and an undeviating and scrupu
lous rectitude in all his financial deaUngs.

I ALKER, LEONIDAS, Lawyer, was bom in Butler
county, Pennsylvania, May 2d, 1842. His father
was a native of the same State ; his mother is a
descendant of Stephen Hopkins, one of the signers
of the Declaration of Independence. He was
educated at the Witherspoon Institute, at Butler,
Pennsylvania. On leaving school he became engaged in
teaching, continuing at that avocation during the ensuing
two years. He then removed to Illinois, where he taught
school for a period of five years in McLeansboro', and at
the same time studied law under the instructions of John
McElvaine, a well-known practitioner of that place. In
1864, on the corapletion of the allotted probationary course
of studies, he was adraitted to the bar. Prior to his admis
sion as a practitioner, in 1 863, he vvas elected County Super
intendent of Schools, a position which he held for two years,
being at the date of his election but twenty-one years of age.
He then commenced the practice of law in company wilh
R. W. Townsend, and in that partnership was professionally
occupied for about five years. He afterward associated
hiraself with Hon. R. S. Anderson, with whom he was con
nected until 1874. At the present time he is the senior
partner of the firm of Walker & Plale. His practice has
always been a large and lucrative one, and his interest in
the tovvn of McLeansboro' was evidenced by the valuable
iraproveraenls made there by him. He was solely instm
mental in erecting the finest buildings in the place, which,
however, with not a single exception, were totally destroyed
by fire in 1874. After this' severe loss he again devoted
himself to his profession, in which he is now actively en
gaged. In politics he has been prorainently identified with
the Democratic party, and in the fall of 1872 was elecled lo
the Lower House of the Legislature from the Forty-sixth
Senatorial District, serving two years with noted ability.
While acting wilh this body he was a member of the Judi
ciary Committee, and vvhile thus engaged was esteemed as

an efficient and talented coadjutcr. He took an active part,
also, in securing the needed modification of the registry
law, and was the author of the " Bill for Regulating the
Means of Egress from Public Buildings," a document re
plete wilh valuable suggestions and injunctions meriting the
most careful enforcement. He vvas likewise instrumental in
efii^cting the modification of various important details con
cerning county courts-. As a legislator he worked faithfully
to advance the interests of his constituents, and won many
encomiums for his well-directed and successful efforts. Pie
was married in 1S71 to Annie C. Carpenter, a resident of
the town toward whose welfare he has so materially and
wisely contributed.

TEELE, COLONEL CHARLES B., Lawyer, was
born in Dover, New Plampshire, July, 1829, and
received his education in his native place, and
also subsequently in Lagrange, Kentucky, Browns-
town, Indiana, and Paris, Illinois. His parents
ere Andrew Steele and Nancy Steele, a niece of
General John Stark. In earlier life he was eraployed as a
clerk in a dry-goods store, and also studied law. Entering
subsequently upon the practice of his profession, he was
occupied successfully as a legal practitioner for a period of
fifteen years. While still very young he volunteered in the
Mexican war, and served from the beginning to the end of
that conflict. Also, at the fi.rst intiraations of war with the
South, he was one of the eariiest to enter the service of the
United States to assist in suppressing tho rebellion. He
was made Adjutant of the 21st Illinois Regiment of Infantry,
and for a time held close and confidential relations with
Colonel Ulysses S. Grant. Pic was an active and promi
nent participant in thirteen hard-fought battles, araong them
Stone River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, and others; and
although he escaped any severe personal wounds, five
horses were upon various occasions shot down under hira.
After the close of the war he filled the position of Judge of
the City Court of Mattoon with honor, and in 1872 -ivas
elected to the Senate, at once taking a leading and sustained
position in that body. He is regarded by his associates as
an able lawyer, and acted in the Twenty-eighth General
Assembly, and also in a subsequent one, on the Judiciary
Committee. Pie was selected from the Senate in the
Twenty-eighth, with Senator Upton, as a member of the
Committee on Revision. To him was allotted the charge
of the revision of bills which were introduced into the
Senate from Ihat coraraittee, and his perfect raastery over
the subjects and ready explanation of the difference in the
law and as Ihe bill would make it, did much to profitably
advance legislation, pie is an attractive speaker and a
forcible orator, gifted wilh unusual powers of rapid delivery
and apposite sarcasm. Pie has proven himself to be a care
ful legislator, and has guarded wdth unremitting care the
interests of his constituents and the Republican party. He

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

"95

has defeated the opponents of the railroad legislation, the
temperance law, and the registry law, and lashed thera raer-
cilessly with his sharp repartee and keen, incisive irony.
The Centennial appropriation of $lo,ooo was one of his
measures, and in all things he serves wilh energy and vvis
dom the best interests of the commonwealth. He was mar
ried, October I2th, 1853, at Paris, Edgar county, Illinois, to
Maria Clark.

j USS, LEWIS, Pioneer and Trader, was born in
Mansfield, Connecticut, March gth, 1824. His
parents were Horace D. Russ and Lucia (Brig-
-mk P ham) Russ. He was the youngest of nine
©"?. r children, and attended the schools of his native
Slate until sixteen years of age. He then be
came connected wilh a stone-mason, fir whom he labored
as an apprentice until he had attained his twentieth year,
when he moved to Mason county, Illinois, and became
interested in farming and agricultural jiursuils. After a
sojourn in this locality for a period of eighteen raonths he
returned to Connecticut. The charra of western life, how
ever, after Ihe lapse of one year, induced him to return lo
Illinois, and he seltied in Iroquois counly, now his home.
On his arrijal there he engaged in farming for the first two
years, and then, in conjunction wilh Isaac McContee,
prosecuted a general frontier business, dealing in grain,
lumber, cattle, horses, agricultural implements and notions
of all kinds and values. The partners were the first to
iraport French horses into this section of the Stale, and for
many years sold all the flour consumed over a large area
of countiy. They have been instrumental, in a great
measure, in developing the resources and adding to the
prosperity of Iroquois counly in general, and Onarga in
particular; while the numerous school houses, the systera
of thorough fencing and the raany excellent bridges are the
direct results of their enterprise and liberality. At the
time of his first settlement in Iroquois county the country
was an uncultivated and desolate wilderness, whde to-day
it is one of the most flourishing agricultural sections of the
State. He was married, in 1846, to Juliet E. Session, a
former resident of Connecticut, by whora he has had four
children, two boys and two girls.

'ARR, EUGENE A., General in the United States
Array, was born, March 30lh, 1830, in Boston,
Erie county, New York, and was the son of
Clark M. and Delia (Torrey) Carr, who moved
to Illinois about the year 1849. When sixteen
years of age he entered the United States MUi
tary Academy at West Point, and graduated from that
institution in 1850, being immediately appointed Brevet
Second-Lieutenant of Mouled Riflemen in the Regular

Army. Plis first service was at Jefferson Barracks, in
Missouri, from which he was ordered to Fort Laramie.
For several years he was engaged on the plains, fighting
the Indians, and in 1854, during an engagement near
Diable Mountain, Texas, was severely wounded in Ihe
abdomen by an Indian arrow. For gallantry displayed
by him on this occasion he was promoted to First Lieuten
ant of Cavalry. In 1857 he was transferred to Kansas,
assigned as Aid to Governor Robert J. Walker, and while
acting in this capacity passed through the Border Ruffian
War. In 1858 he served under Colonel Sumner in an
expedition to Utah, and shortiy before the breaking out of
the late civil war was promoted to a Captaincy in the
Regular Array and placed on duty at Fort Washita, in the
Cherokee N.ation. It was while here in service that he
became cognizant of the treasonable actions of General
Twiggs, and repeatedly warned the War Department ofthe
imminent danger it underwent in leaving him in command.
His timely inforraation saved that and other posts from
falling into the hands of the rebels. The civil war having
been inaugurated, he was placed in expcsed and responsible
popitions, and wherever engaged conducted himself not
only with the greatest courage, but wilh that discretion and
decision so much needed in an active foUowdng of the pro
fession of arras. He participated in the battle of Wilson
Creek, under General Lyon. Shortly after he was tendered
by Governor Yates the Colonelcy of the 3d Regiment
IlUnois Cavalry, and at the head of Ihis command joined
General Curtiss and engaged in the battle of Pea Ridge.
For his conspicuous and gallant services in this fierce action
he vvas promoted to Brigadier-General. He was in cora
raand of a division of troops at the siege of Vicksburg, and
also in command of a division at the siege of Mobile.
Since the war he has engaged in operations against iTie
Indians. In 1869 he drove a large body of ho.stile savages
from Nebraska, and received for this service .1 very cora
pliraentary set of resolutions frora the Legislature of that
Stale. In the faU of 1869 he was ordered to Arizona,
where he was engaged three years. At present he is in
coraraand of Fort Hays, on the western border of Kansas.
He is a raan of great decision of character, thoroughly
skilled in discipline and strategy, and is intimidated by no
service, however dangerous or unpromising.

ISHOP, ROBERT N., Lawyer, was bom in
Lexington, Kentucky, in 1840, being the son
of E. and Laura (ChurchUl) Bishop. His
father was for many years a Professor in Tran
sylvania University, at Lexington, and subse
quentiy at Miami CoUege, Oxford, Ohio, and
latteriy at Mt. Sleriing,' Kenlucky. His grandfather was
called from Scotiand lo preside over Transylvania PTni-
versity, and remained there until 1821. Thence until 1841

ig6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

he was President of Miami University, and then became
President of Fanners College, located about six miles
from Cincinnati, where he remained until his death. AU
of his sons vvere either preachers or professors. The edu
cation of Robert N. was conducted at Miami University,
' under auspices vvhich were of the most flattering nature.
In 1863 he graduated from that inslilulion, and finished his
preparations for the bar, for vvhich he had early manifested
a strong inclination. He read law at Paris, Illinois, and
in 1863, the year of his graduation, he was admitted to
practice. He entered at once upon his jirofessional duties,
and veiy soon secured an extensive jiraclice, which com
prised many of the most important issues jiresented to the
courts of his section for settlement. In the fall of 1S70 he
was elecled to the IlUnois Senate, serving one term in the
Twenty-seventh General Assembly. He vvas prominent in
the debates of this body, and was bold and earnest in his
advocacy of many needed legislative reforras, and in his
opposition to special grants of power. He was a member
of Ihe Committees on Judiciary, Apportionment, Federal
Relations, and Penitentiary, and vvas a conscientious and
effective worker in the preliminary labors of legislation.
Though young in years he takes rank among the leaders of
the bar. He is a thoroughly read lawyer, and an earnest
and eloquent pleader. His cases are carefully prepared,
the character of the opposition is correctly estimated, there
is no delay from surprise, and no failure from discounting
the basis of action or defence of the other side. He is
forcible in argument, staling his points with reraarkable
clearness, interpreting the law wilh rare judicial ability, and
presenling his conclusions upon a chain of reasoning Ihat
is irresistible. He has a large patronage in what is styled
chamber practice, and is laboring under auspices that
promise great future distinction. In 1864 he raarried
Jennie E. Nelson, of HUlsboro, Ohio, a niece of Governor
Trimble of that Stale.

^ERRIS, HARRISON J., B.anker, was born in
Ferrisburg, Vermont, December 24lh, 1833, his
falher being Benjamin Ferris, a farmer. He
received his education at Vergeness, Vermont.
S^ In 1854 he removed lo Princeton, Illinois, where
he engaged in leaching school near Jacksonville,
foUowing this pursuit for two seasons. He coramenced
farraing with his brother, and continued it for a year, when
bolh entered, jointly into the purchase and sale of real
estate. For five years they carried on this business wilh
great profit. In 1857 they settied perraanentiy in Princeton,
in which place, in 1862, they established a private bank,
which in 1865 was erected into Ihe First National Bank of
Princeton. Harrison J. becarae the Vice-President of Ihis
institution. In 1874 ihey opened Ihe Farraer.s' Kational
Bank of Princeton, of which he became Presideni. He is
a man of large business exjierience, and of rare ability as a

financier. He is a prudent manager, and yet large-minded
enough lo appreciate the benefits to be derived frora a lib
eral and enterprising policy. He was raarried in 1864 to
Mary S. Dunbar, of Waterville, Maine, and has three sons
and one daughter. He served as Town Councilman for Iwo
years, and is, both in business and social life, very highly
esteemed.

))ECRONE, JOHN, M. D., was born in McCleUand-
town, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, December
I2th, 1816. His ancestors were natives of Ger
many, and came to the United States at an early
day, and settled in Lancaster counly, Pennsyl
vania. His parents were Daniel Lecrone and
Elizabeth Lecrone. He was educated at the Marietta Col
lege, located in Ohio. At the terraination of his prepara
tory .student life he decided to embrace the medical profes
sion, and commenced the study of medicine. While thus
engaged, his time during the winter months was chiefly
occupied in teaching school, and, in consequence of his
inability to prosecute his studies continuously and with regu
larity, seven years were consumed before he had acquired the
necessary knowledge to entitle him to the degree of Doctor
of Medicine. In 1844 he emigrated to Effingham county,
IlUnois, and Ihere estabUshed hiraself in his profession, and
rapidly secured an extensive practice, which has since been
constantly increasing in extent and improving in character.
He is probably more closely and peculiarly identified wilh
Effingham county than any other person now living ; he
was one of its earliest pioneers and settlers; and during
his residence there, covering a period of more than thirty
years, has beheld Ihe many changes that have so greatly
transforraed the face of the country, and noted wilh keen
and intelUgent interest the progress of every developraent
and change. Nor has he been raerely a spectator, quietly
observant, for the effects of his influence, his counsels and
his exaraples, are plainly visible in various guises through
out the section in which he has been for long a permanent
and honored resident. Until the Nebraska troubles arose,
scattering seeds of dissension so thickly throughout both
the Eastern and Westem States, and producing so many
schisms, he vvas a Clay and Webster Whig, and subse
quently allied hiraself wilh the Deraocratic parly, which
he has, in his circle and town, ably supported on many
important occasions. In 1872 he was elected Mayor of
Effingham, and re-elected in 1873 and 1874, his last term
expiring in April, 1875. Prior lo this, vvhile the civU war
was in progress, he entered the service ofthe Uniled Slates
with Ihe appointraent of Assistant Surgeon of the ijSlh
Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, and served wilh fidelity
and noted skill until the expiralion of the term of service for
which that body had been enlisted. Widely known through
out an extensive area, he is often called beyond the limits
of his usual rounds in order to give his attention to cases

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

197

he bears-

of peculiar danger, and his counsel is often demanded by
the younger members of the profession. Pie was married
in 1836 to Elizabeth Allen, of Fairfield counly, Ohio.

;ARRIS, JAMES MEEKER, retired Steamboat
Proprietor, was born, January 4lh, 1823, in Ross
township, Greene county, Ohio, and is a son of
James and Abigail (Barlhrick) Harris, of that
section, vvho, in June, 1824, together wilh Captain
Orrin Smith and Moses Meeker — whose surname
-removed to Galena in a keel-boat, the said boat
being under the comraand of Captain Meeker. The pres
ent site of Galena was then known as " The Point."
Captain Meeker was one of the founders of the present
city ; he has long since deceased. James vvas educated in
a private school at Galena, and subsequently at Kemper
College, near St. Louis, Missouri. In 1840 he was engaged
as a clerk with his elder brothers ; and in 1844 purchased
the interest of R. S. Plarris in the grocery store which he
had established, the princijial custoraers being the steam
boat men which then frequented the port ; he remained
here in partnership with his olher brothers for many years.
In 1851-52 he embarked in the stearaboat business, also in
connection with his brothers, and they built the stearaer
" St. Paul," at Wheeling, Virginia, designing her to run on
the route from Galena to St. Paul, in opposition to the
Minnesota Packet Corapany. The vessel jiroved, however,
to be too slow, and vvas withdrawn. A slock corapany was
now formed, and the crack steamer, " West Newton," pur
chased, which made far better time than the fastest stearaer,
the "Norainee," ofthe regular line. They thus compelled
the company lo a compromise, and eventually both cora
panies vvere merged into one, the stock was increased, and
the consolidated corporation .became the owners of seven
teen steamers, running between Galena and Sl. Paul ; at
one period two boats left Galena daily for St. Paul. From
1052 to 1857 were the halcyon days of Galena; but railway
enterprise has changed the prosperity of Ihe city, and in
1858 the boats were taken to Dunleith, the terminus of the
Illinois Central Railway. In 1862 the corapany was finally
dissolved, and during the same year Jaraes M. Harris
retired frora business, although he is slill interested in
various mining lands in the district.

cCLELLAN, ROBERT H., Lawyer and Banker,
was born, February 3d, 1823, in Washington
county. State of New York, and is a son of
Colonel WiUiam and Margaret (Randies) McClel
lan. Pie was principally educated at Union
College, Schenectady, New York, where he
graduated in the class of 1847. Having made choice of

Ihe legal profession as his fulure sphere of action he entered
the office of M. J. Townsend, of Troy, New York, and
after a three years course was admitted to the bar in Albany,
in 1850. In the same year he removed to Galena, where
he established hiraself for tbe practice of his profession,
being associated in partnership wilh John M. Douglas, since
President of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 1861 he was
elected a member of the Legislalure frora Joe Daviess
counly. I-Ie has been identified wilh Ihe National Bank
of Galena frora its organizalion in 1865, and was elected ils
first President, which position he has retained to the present
tirae (1875). He is regarded by all his fellow-citizens as a
most able man, vvhether as a lawyer or banker; and during
his twenty-five years residence in Galena has been foremost
in all matters which had for their object the welfare and
progress of his adopted home.

ARNESS, ISAAC, Farmer, Stock-breeder, and
Bank President, was born, March 20lh, 1812, in
Bourbon county, Kenlucky, of Araerican parent
age. He passed his boyhood at home on a farm,
attending school occasionally. When twenty
years old he went lo work on a farra at $8 per
raonth; and in the auturan split rails, receiving as wages
twenty-five cents per hundred. Pie was thus occupied for
two years, and having accuraulated a sraall amount of funds
raarried, and reraoved to Lexington, McLean counly, Illi
nois, where he purchased a land "claim" for $150. Two
years after he sold il for $300, and proceeded to Mackinaw,
in the same counly, and bought another claim of one hun
dred and sixty acres for $300. He at once commenced
opening up .l farm and raising hogs; and soon had two
hundred and fifty of these aniraals on hand, vvhich, hovv
ever, he could not sell al any price, and w.as forced lo hold
them another year. He then disposed ofhis slock for one-
half cash and one-half in goods from the slore. With the
araount of money received, which was a respectable sura, he
purchased cows at $7 per head, and in the course of a short
'lime could command enough capital to handle a large
araount of slock, and was able lo furnish as raany as sixteen
hundred head of fat cattle for the raarket every fall. During
the war of Ihe rebellion he loaned his raoney freely to the
Governraent, receiving therefor the bonds, and al Ihe close of
Ihe contest coraraenced the banking business at Lexington,
which he continues in connection with extensive farming
operations near the tovvn, and stock-breeding; all these farm
ing operations carried on are raade to subserve stock-raising,
both cattle and hogs, of a high grade. The farms aggregate
three thousand acres of land, in a high state of cultivation,
and are worlh frora $50 to $500 per acre. The bank vvhich
he operates is the principal institution of the kind in Ihat
section of the counlry. He is a raan of great wealth
and makes a good use of it; to each of five of his children

igS

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

he has already apportioned .at least $15,000 to enable thera
to make a start in life for themselves. Pie was married to
EUzabeth, daughter of William Wiley, of Fayette county,
Ohio, and has a faraily of seven children, two sons and five
daughters. l^IBSON, REV. JOHN M., D. D., was born in Whit
horn, Scotland, AprU 24th, 1838. Plis father.
Rev. Jaraes Gibson, was pastor of the United
Presbyterian Church at Whithorn. He received
a preliminary education in the common and
grammar schools of the place, and then spent two
years in an accountant's office in Glasgow, continuing his
studies in the meantime. In 1856 the family moved to
America and seltied in Owen Sound, Canada West. Pie
then took a full academical course in the University of
Toronto, and graduated in 1861. He then took up one
year of theological study in the United Presbyterian Divinity
Hall, and afterward two years in Knox Seminary, both in
Toronto. He graduated frora the latter, and vvas also a
tutor in the seminaiy, and during Ihe last year of his studies
supplied the pulpit of Rev. Dr. Ormiston, in Hamilton.
He vvas then ordained and installed as colleague of Rev. Dr.
Taylor, of Erskine Church, Montreal, continuing in this
relation for ten years. During this time he was appointed
to the Chair of Hebrew and Greek Exegesis in the Presby
terian Seminary of Montreal, the duties of vvhich he dis
charged for five years. He was married when first settled
in Montreal — December 20th, 1864 — to Lucy A. Wilkes,
daughter of Rev. Henry WUkes, D. D., of Montreal. In
April, 1874, he was called to the Second Presbyterian
Church of Chicago, as the successor of Rev. Heniy W.
Patterson, who had just closed a pastorate with them of
eighteen years. In 1875 the University of Chicago con
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He has
also been chosen one of the trustees of the Lake Forest
University, near Chicago. In the pulpit he is earnest and
impressive, and in private life genial and sociable.

j|IN.STON, FREDERICK HAMPDEN, Lawyer,
was born in Liberty county, Georgia, November
2isl, 1830, being the son of Rev. Dennis M.
Winston, a Presbyterian clergyman and a graduate
of Hamilton College and Princeton Theological
Seminary, who, on account of failing heallh, re
raoved to and settied in Georgia, where he married Miss
JIary Mcintosh, granddaughter of General L. Mcintosh,
one of Ihe eariiest settlers of that Stale. When Frederick
II. vv.as six years of age his parents removed lo Kenlucky,
vvhere both shortiy after died. He reraained in that State
and attended school until his e.ighleenth year, when he re
turned to Georgia and engaged in colton manufacturing,
but after the exjiiration of two years abandoned the

business and set about preparing himself for the bar. He
entered the law office of Plon. William C. Dawson, United
States Senator, as a student, and remained under the pre
ceptorship of this gentleman six months, when he took the
law course at the Dane Law School of Harvard College,
and graduated wdlh the class of 1852. He then went- to
New York city, where he finished his preparations for the
bar with the Hon. William M. Evarts, and was admitted to
practice in that city early in 1853, and in the same spring
removed to Chicago, vvhere he soon formed a law partnership
with Hon. Norman B. Judd, which continued up to the time
of Mr. Judd's appointment by President Lincoln as United
States Minister to Berlin. He became then associated with
Judge Blogett until he was confirmed as Judge of the
United States Circuit Court. Pie is now a member of the
law firm of Lawrence, Winston, Campbell & Lawrence, one
of the most distinguished law firms in the Northwest. Mr.
Winston is a thoroughly-read lawyer, gifted with deep pen
etration, rare powers of logic, and an attractive style both in
the form and utterance of speech. He is a leading practi
tioner in that branch of the law which relates to the rights,
privileges and responsibilities of railroads and corporations.
He has made this his specialty, and there is probably no-
other man in the Northwest more thoroughly versed in aU-
tliat belongs to this phase of the science of law than he.
For fifteen years he has been the General Solicitor of Ihe
Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad, and has con
ducted its necessarily great legal business with masterly
care. Pie is President of the Lincoln Park Commissioners,
is largely interested in real estate and public improvements,
and has done much to advance the prosperity and well-
being of the city of Chicago. While he is a pronounced
Deraocrat, he has invariably refused office either by appoint
ment or nomination. In the fall of 1874 he was urged by
his poUtical friends to become a candidate for Congress in
the Third District of Illinois, with assurances of certain
election, but declined this tenipting offer of party preferment.
He is a High Church Episcopallian, and as such earnestly
urged the confirmation of Rev. Dr. Dekoven as Bishop. He
is a gentleman of prepossessing personal appearance, liberal
in his views, cultivated in his tastes, and courteous and
affable to all vvith wdiora he is brought in contact. He was
married in 1854 to Miss Maria G. Dudley, daughter of
General Ambrose Dudley, of Frankfort, Kentucky.

EST, WASHINGTON, M. D., Scientist, was born
in Belleville, St. Clair county, Illinois, February
gth, 1847. His parents — Benjamin H. West and,
Maria C. West — emigrated to Illinois vvhile it was
still a territory, and were among the earliest set
tlers and pioneers. His grandfather, Major Wash
ington West, was a soldier of the war of 1812, and noted for
his gallant and raeritorious services. He vvas educated at

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

igg

the City University of Sl. Louis, and on leaving school be
gan Ihe study of medicine wilh Dr. Hodgen of that city,
graduating in March, 1868, at the St. Louis Medical Col
lege. He afterward returned to Belleville and entered
upon the active practice of his profession, in which he wa^
engaged for a brief jieriod, six months, or less, and was
then appointed Assistant Surgeon in the Uniled States array,
and stationed in the Sioux Indian District, under the com
mand of General Plarney. For two years he was stationed
in this region, and shared to a considerable extent in the
episodes and experience of frontier life among the red men.
Resigning his position, he subsequently returned to Belle
ville, .and there resuming the civil practice of niedicine
rapidly built up a large business. Pie is Assistant Surgeon
of the Sl. Clair Counly Hosjiital and Jail, and is a valued
meraber of the Sl. Clair Counly Medical Society. He is
Vice-President of the Sl. Clair County Microscopical So
ciety, and owner of the finest microscojie in the .Stale, one
which he imported at a cost of five hundred dollars, novv in
use by the members of the above society. He is warmly
interested in scientific pursuils, and is noted for his .store
of varied attainments and knowledge of all raatters relating
to medicine and microscopy. He was married, June 30th,
1S70, to M. A. Wolfe, formerly a resident of St. Louis.

IILCOXON, THOMPSON, Pioneer Settler of Illi
nois and Operator in Real Estate, was born in
Milledgeville, Georgia, August 22d, 1800. His
parents were Thomas Wilcoxon, forraerly engaged
in fanning and agricultural pursuits, and Mary
(Hardy) Wilcoxon. He received a common
school education at Portsmouth, Ohio, to vvhich locality his
parents had removed while he was in his infancy. He was
brought up on his father's farm, laboring in the sumraer,
and in the winter months attending school. Subsequently
he was engaged in a partnership connection wdth three
brothers in farraing and sending produce lo the market of
New Orleans, Louisiana. While thus occupied they con
structed their own boats, called " flat-boats," and in person
piloted them down the Ohio river. In 1835 he visited Ihe
northwestern d-istrict, accorapanied by one of his brothers,
on a prospecting tour, travelling on horseback, and guiding
him.self in many cases by foUowing the Indian trails, for in
those days roads were few and poor. In 1837 he again
carae to the Norlhwest, purposing to settle in a desirable
locality, and decided to reraain at Ihe spot now known as
Cedarville, distant about six miles frora the present city of
Freeport. Associated with his brother, he purchased a
claira there, took possession of the appropriated land, and
gradually transformed it into a well-cultivated farra. The
district was then unsectionized, almost in a priraitive state,
and very sparsely settled. He continued farraing unlU 1854,
when he removed to Freeport, disposing of his land in Ce

darville about three years afterward. He has since then
resided perraanentiy in the former town and engaged in
real estate and building operations. Among other enter
prises which he has conducted lo successful issues is Ihe
Freeport Opera House, of which he is the builder and
owner. He vvas raarried in 1830 to Cyinda Mitchell,
daughter of Judge Mitchell, of Scioto counly, Ohio.

REER, SAMUEL FORD, Lawyer and Counly
Judge of Mason counly, vvas born, 1824, in Fair
field county, Ohio, and is a son of Williara J.
and Sarah (Downing) Greer. His education was
attained in the coraraon schools of his native place.
In 1854 he reraoved to Illinois and settled at
Decatur. He was elected a Justice of the Peace, and held
the position for several years. Having become farailiar
with the law, although not at the tirae a practitioner, he
was, nevertheless, elected in 1S61 County Judge of Macon
counly, and re-elected in 1S65. In 1866 he was forraally
admitled to the bar. Al the expiration of his second terra,
he vvas a third tirae norainated and elecled Counly Judge
in i86g, and a fourth lirae in 1873; 'his office he con
tinues to hold. He vvas married in 1844 to Elizabeth
Taylor, of Ohio.

ADDOCK, STEPHEN GORPIAM, ex-Sheriff
and ex-County Clerk of Bureau county, Illinois,
was born in Hudson, New York, April 22d, 1828.
His father was a prorainent banker and land agent,
whose permanent residence with his faniily vvas at
Augusta, Georgia. He was born al his grand-
raolher's residence in Hudson, and was soon after taken
to Augusta, where his childhood was spent. His early
education was conducted at the coraraon schools until his
eio-hth year, when he was placed at a boarding-school at
West Chester, New York. His .studies were finished in
the city of New York, and upon their conclusion he entered
as clerk in a broker's office in Wall street, where he re
mained a few years. The ensuing five years he spent as a
clerk in a large jobbing house in the same city. In 1853
he removed to Princeton, IlUnois, wdth Ihe intention of
farraing, but he was very shortly after his location there
elecled Sheriff of Bureau counly, which brought hira out
quite prominently in the local political arena. On Novera
ber 6lh, 1855, he was married lo Margaret Seaman, of New
York. In 1857 he was elecled Counly Clerk of Bureau
counly, and served eight years in that capacity lo the satis
faction of Ihe entire public. During the war he was an
active member of Ihe local War Coramittee, and he was
elected to various offices of public confidence, serving for a
terra as a member and President of the Board of Super
visors of Princeton, as a meraber of the School Board and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of the Town Council. In 1868 he was interested in the
organization of the Princeton Manufacturing Company, en
gaged in Ihe production of agricultural implements, and
became ils Secretary, and has reraained in that connection
ever since. He was actively concerned in the construction
of Ihe Chicago, Wilmington & Western Railroad, and has,
in bolh public and privale capacities, shown himself to be
not only an enterprising and energetic raan, but an irre
proachable and valuable citizen, deserving the respect which
is shown him.

RYANT, JOHN HOWARD, Farmer and Poet,
brother of William Cullen Bryant, was born in
Curaraington, Hampshire county, Massachusetts,
_ July 22d, 1807, being the son of Peter Bryant, a
'3^ physician, who was a native of Bridgewater, Massa
chusetts. His remote ancestors came from Eng
land in 1636, and were among the first settiers of Taunton,
Massachusetts. His mother, whose raaiden name was Sarah
Snell, vvas a native of Bridgewater. His early education
was obtained at an academy in Curaraington, and his youth
vvas passed in rural occupations and in attendance upon the
schools, in which, araong other studies, he took up Latin
as an acquirement preparatory to his entering upon a col
legiate career. He became a student at the Rensselaer
School, Troy, Nevv York. His falher, who was a man of
great erudition and fine accomplishments, discovering in
both his sons a poetical talent of no common order, gave
thera the benefit of his knowledge and criticism. In 1826
John H. wrote " My Native Village," a poem which first
appeared in the United States Review and Literary Gazette,
a periodical which was published simultaneously in New
York and Boston, aid of which William Cullen Biyant vvas
one of the editors. Subsequently he closely appUed him
self lo the study of matheraatics and natural sciences under
various instructors, and in his intervals of leisure produced
several poems, which were published in the Gazette. In
April, 1831, he removed to Jacksonville, Illinois, vvhere he
was engaged partly in clerking and partly in farming. In
1832 he went to what is now Princeton, Illinois, entered a
claim to a tract of land, and with his brother Cyrus built a
log-cabin. This was shortly after the Black Hawk war.
A colony had some tirae before eraigrated frora Harapshire
counly, Massachusetts, and located at Princeton, but ils
merabers were entirely dispersed by Ihe Indians. When
Mr. Bryant look up his claira there were but six farailies
in his vicinity, and there was not a building upon the spot
vvhich subsequentiy was to becorae the site of a flourishing
town. He erected the first two buildings in Princeton,
and inaugurated the raercantile and industrial career of that
place by opening in these rude log structures a slore and a
blacksraith shop. In 1833 he entered upon his present
homestead, built a log residence, and in June of that
year was married to Harriet E, Wiswall of Jacksonville.

Plis bride made her way on horseback to the new home,
while he trudged afoot at her side. He commenced the
development of his land, and by industry and a practical
knowledge of the especial needs of such an estate, suc
ceeded in making it one of the finest and most productive
in Illinois. He has since continued to live upon it, and
has engaged in other branches of trade and industry, manu
facturing brick, erecting buildings, etc. He edited the
Bureau County Advocate, the first paper published in Prince
ton, and achieved considerable, though a necessarily limited,
success in this journalistic enterprise. He continued to wrile
poetry, and in 1855, collected and published in book form,
Appleton & Co. of New York issued the creations of his
poetic genius. Rufus W, Griswold, in his " Poets and
Poetry of America," says of him : " His poeras . . . have
the sarae general characteristics as those of his brother.
He is a lover of nature, and describes minutely and effec
tively. To him the wind and stream are ever musical, and
the forests and prairies clothed in beauty. His versification
is easy and correct, and his writings show him to be a man
of taste and kindly feelings, and to have a mind stored with
the best learning." Mr. Bryant was also at one time en
gaged in mercantUe pursuils. In 1842 he was elected to
the State Legislalure from Bureau county, and again elected
in 1858. In 1852 he was the Free Soil candidate for Con
gress. He has served as Recorder of Bureau county. Presi
dent of the Board of Education of Princeton, holding that
office for ten years, and as Supervisor of the township. He
is the present President of the Princeton Manufacturing
Company. His farm is quite extensive, covering over five
hundred acres, and is chiefly managed by his son, into
whose care it has passed. He had two sons, the elder
having died when nineteen. The remaining son, Elijah
W. Bryant, is married and resides at the old homestead.
No citizen of Princeton enjoys to a higher degree the respect
and confidence of his fellow-townsmen than does Mr. Biyant.
He is a gentleman of unimpeachable integrity, of scholarly
refinement, and great social qualities, and has at all tiraes
taken a deep interest in the material and intellectual progress
of the community in which he resides.

jj^jTIIAPMAN, A. SCOTT, Dentist, was born in Me-
! I dina county, Ohio, August 17th, l83g, his father.

A. S. Chapman, being a weU-known and highly
esteemed merchant. He attended school in Me
dina county for Iwo years, and when six years of
age removed wdth his parents to Princeton, Illi
nois. There his early-commenced school studies were con
tinued until he was seventeen years old, when he became a
clerk in his father's store, and remained in that capacity
until 1867. The two subsequent years he passed in the
counly clerk's and circuit clerk's offices. In i86g he com
menced to study dentistry, and by faithful application he

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

soon fitted hiraself for the profession. In 1871 he opened
an office as practising dentist in Princeton, and has since his
entrance into the profession not only obtained a large and
lucrative practice but a fine reputation for care and skill.
In 1861, on December 24th, he was married to Melissa
Fisher of Princeton. In 1863 he served a portion of the
year in the War Department at Washington, and then re
signed. He is now actively engaged in his jirofessional
duties, and enjoys not a mere local patronage, but one which
comprehends a very large section of the surrounding territory.

EECE, WILLIAM H., Lawyer, was born, 1831,
in Sangaraon county, Illinois, and is a son of
Jesse and Mary D. Neece. He obtained his
education in the schools of Ihe neighborhood of
his birlhplace, and he resided on a farm until he
attained nianhood. In 1856 he went to Macomb,
and commenced the study of law wilh Judge Bailey, and
was admitted to the bar in the following year. He at once
comraenced the practice of his profession in Macomb, where
he has since continued to reside. He was elecled in 1864
a raeraber ofthe Legislature on the Deraocratic ticket; and
again to the sarae body in 1871, in the raeanwhile serving
as a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1869, In
1872 he was nominated as the candidate of his party to rep
resent the Tenth District in the United Stales House of
Representatives, but failed to secure an election. Pie is an
able counsellor and advocate, and is noted for his integrity.
He was married in 1857 lo Jeanette Ingals of Illinois.

jiAILEY, JOHN S,, Lawyer, vvas born, 1814, in
Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and is a son of
Samuel S. and Mary (Ruckraan) B.iiley. His
education was only such as was afforded by the
public schools of that section. He reraoved to
Illinois in 1836, and at first located in Adaras
county, where two years later he entered the office of Judge
Ralston and coramenced the study of the law. He was
admitted to the bar in 1841, and began Ihe practice of his
profession in Brown county. In 1846 he was elected a
representative from the district composed of Brown and
Schuyler counties, and served his constituents in the Legis
lature for one year. He continued to reside in Brown
county until 1855, and during eight years of the period
intervening between 1841 and 1855 he served as Stale's
Allorney. In the last-named year he reraoved lo Ma
comb, the county seat of McDonough county, where he
has since resided, and continued the practice of his pro-
fs-ssion. In 1858 he was elected Circuit Judge of Ihe then
Fifth Judicial District (now known as the Eleventh) to fill
the unexpired term of Pinckney PI. Walker, wdio had been
26

elected to the Supreme Bench. He has been for the past
fourteen years Master in Chancery for McDonough county.
He was married, October, 1842, to Salina M. Sweet, of
Morgan county, IlUnois, whose demise occurred in De
ceraber, 1872.

ELSO, HUGH ALEXANDER, M. D,, Surgeon,
was born in Morgan county, Indiana, December
6lh, 1829. His grandparents were natives of
Jamestown, Virginia, and lived to reach the age
of nearly one hundred years; his grandfather was
one of the heroes of Revolutionary times, and
took a prominent part in the events of Ihe earlier days of
independence. His falher, wdlh his parents, raoved south
to the Carolinas, and Ihen lo Tennessee, but owdng lo their
abhorrence of the slavery systera, and their ardent devotion
lo extreme abolition raeasures, were subsequently induced
to move to the Northwest, and settied finally in Indiana.
In this Slate he received his education, principally at the
Blooraington University. The possessor of an enterprising
and sanguine terajieranient, he at an early age started out
into life wilh a deterraination to find a speedy raeans of
securing a prosperous fulure. He was occupied in labor
ing during the summer and in the winter months attended
school. Upon definitively abandoning his earlier course of
studies he engaged in teaching school in Kentucky, In
diana and Louisiana. While in the latler State he became
attached in 1851 to a surveying party, doing duly in the
then overflowed northern region. He lher.e began also the
study of niedicine, occujiied in teaching at the same time,
and raade rapid progress in the knowledge of Ihat science
under the preceptorship of Dr, Powell. Al this time a
hopeful believer in the ultimate overthrow of slavery, he
vvas ever a fearless enuncialor of his ideas and sentiment*,
and was unable to find in Louisiana that atmosphere of
perfect freedom in which alone he could be happy. Shortly
after, accordingly, he removed to Cincinnati, entered tts
raedical college, and graduated there. He then made
Morgantovvn, Indiana, his horae, and entered ujion the ac
tive practice of his profession, his residence there dating
frora 1854. In 1858 he established his office in Farniing-
ton. Coles county, Illinois, and was professionally and suc
cessfully occupied until 1861. In 1856 he was one of the
eighteen there who voted for General Fremont ; Ihe doctrines
imbibed in chUdhood he has always adhered to wilh love
and veneration, and from his eariiest days has been a stead
fast and consistent Republican. Al the outbreak of the Re
bellion he entered Ihe Uniled Slates service as a private in
Ihe 123d Regiment of Illinois Volunteers; the conimand
being called at once into action, his services as surgeon
were required, and after fulfilling Ihe duties of that office
for a period of four months, he was commissioned by Gov
ernor Yates Assistant Surgeon of his regiraent. While in
service he was faniiliariy and widely known as " Old

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Reliable," and noted for gallant and meritorious conduct.
In the spring of 1864 he resigned his coraraission, and set
tled with his family at Paxton, IlUnois, where he has since
permanently resided, in the active practice of niedicine.
He stands at the head of his profession in the county, and
in his manageraent of cases demanding skilful surgical
treatment is second to none in that section of Illinois. He
vvas married in 1858 to Elizabeth M. Brasheares, a former
resident of Farmington, Coles county, Illinois.

ADE, SAMUEL, Vice-President of the Alton
National Bank, was born in Essex county, Massa
chusetts, in 1806, being the son of John and Mary
(Merrifield) Wade. He was educated at home,
and was apprenticed lo the carpentering trade,
vvhich it vvas intended he should follow through
life. In 1831 he removed to Alton, where for several years
he labored as a carpenter, and then turned his attention to
mercantile pursuits by entering the business of packing pork
and beef for domestic use. This he carried on until 1875
wilh great profit, gradually enlarging his transactions in
purchases and shipments, until his establishment became
one of Ihe first rank in that section of the country. He has
been identified with the Alton National Bank ever since its
organizalion, and has been its Vice-President for the past
eight years. He has fine execulive qualifications, is a tho
rough and well-inforraed business man, and has done much
to raise that institution to the high point in public estiraation
which it retains to-day. He w.as married in 1 830 to Eu
nice Caldwell of Massachusetts, who is slill living. He is
a man of much public sjiiril, and enjoys the respect of the
coraraunity as an upright citizen and au enterprising business
raan.

^ILLIN, JOSEPH WARREN, Printer, JournaUst,
County Clerk of Effinghara counly, was born in
.Somerset, Ohio, May 4lh, 1828. He is the son
of Hemy Fillin and Elizabeth Fillin. His edu
cation was acquired in a printing office, in the
coraraon schools of his native place, and also in
the High School of West Rushville. At sixteen years of
age he becarae a journeyraan printer. During the progress
of Ihe war with Mexico he entered the service ofthe Uniled
States as a privale in the 3d Ohio Regiment ot Volunteers,
was subsequently proraoted lo the rank of Sergeant, and
was finally appoinled to a Second-Lieulen.ancy. He after
ward recruited and organized a company and resumed his
military career as Captain of Company E of the 5lh Regi
ment of Ohio Volunteers. He was engaged in publishing a
newspaper in Effinghara counly, Illinois, at the dale of the
outbreak of the civil war, and the RebelUon assuming se

rious proportions, he recruited and organized the first com
pany from Effingham county, and was appointed Lieutenant-
Colonel in the nth IlUnois Regiment of Volunteers. This
position he resigned July 5lh, 1861, and recruited another
corapany, which was afterward disbanded. In March,
1862, he entered Ihe 62d Illinois Regiraent as First Lieu
tenant, but in the following August tendered his resignation,
which vvas accepted, and he returned to his trade as printer.
In 1869 he was elected lo Ihe counly clerkship of Effing
hara counly, and re-elected lo Ihat position in 1873, which
he still occupies. From his infancy he vvas reared as a
Plenry Clay Whig, and in 1856 espoused the Democratic
party. He was a pro-slavery Deraocrat, yet at the menace
of Ihe dissolution of Ihe Union, vvas the first man in his
counly to organize a corapany of volunteers to aid in sup
pressing the Rebellion. He was raarried in 1849 to Leonie
A. Dills of Ohio.

'ORMAN, FERRIS, Lawyer, was born' in Tioga
counly, New York, and is now in his sixty-third
year. He is of English extraction, and his pa
rents were Miles Forman and Anna Forman.
He was educated at Union College, in Schenec
tady, New York, and graduated frora that inslilu-

student life he resolved to erabrace the legal profession, and
coraraenced the study of law in Owego, Tioga counly, New
York. In 1835 he was admitted to practise in the Supreme
Court of New York, and in the sarae year was adrailted
also to practise in the Uniled .States Suprerae Court. In
the spring of 1S36 he proceeded westward to Illinois, and
settled in Vandalia, where he was professionally and suc
cessfully engaged until 1845, '«'hen he vvas elected lo Ihe
State Senate, and served one session in the Legislature.
Shortiy after the adjournment of that body, a call was made
for volunteers to assist in the prosecution of the war wilh
Mexico, and accordingly in May, 1846, he recruited and
organized a corapany in Fayette county, Illinois, and upon
the final organization of the regiment wilh which it was
incorporated, was elected to the Colonelcy. This, the 3d
Regiraent of Illinois Volunleers, was an active fnd promi
nent Jiarticipant in ihe siege of Vera Cruz, and also in the
battle of Cerro Gordo, AprU 17th and l8th, 1847. Al the
expiralion of one year, Ihe term for which Ihe regiment had
been enlisted, the troops returned from Ihe field, and were
discharged at New Orleans, Louisiana. Upon his return
from the seene of warfare in Mexico, he re-established his
office at Vandalia, Illinois, and resumed the practice of law,
at which he continued until the "Gold Fever" induced
him lo raove to California in 1849. While residing on the
Western slope he held various offices of trust and responsi
bility, among others that of Postmaster of Sacramento,
vvhich he occupied, under the administration of General
Franklin Pierce, for a period of four years. He officiated

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

also as Secretary of State during Ihe adrainistration of John
B. Witier as Governor of the Stale of California. In 1861
-62 he was Colonel of the 4lh Regiment of California
Volunteers, and served bravely and efficiently for a term of
twenty-two months. At the outbreak of the civil war he
was acting as a raeniber of the commission appoinled to fix
the boundary line between California and vvhat were then
the limits of Utah, he representing Ihe Slate ; but owing to
the excitement and confusion attendant on the birth of the
Rebellion Ihat commission was broken. In the fall of 1865
he returned to Vandalia, where he has since permanently
resided, an honored and prosperous legal practitioner. In
politics he is an ally of the Democratic party. He was
married in 1844 to Lucinda Booth.

' RAIG, ALFRED M., Judge o. the Supreme Court
of Illinois, was born, January 15th, 1831, in Edgar
counly, Illinois. He is the son of David and
Minta (Ramey) Craig, his father coming from
Pennsylvania, and his mother frora Kenlucky.
He w.as educated at Knox College, Galesburg,
frora which he graduated in 1853. Immediately upon the
conclusion of his academic career he coramenced to read
law in the office of Weed & Goudy, and in February, 1854,
so rapid and thorough had been his studies, he was admitted
to the bar. In Ihe following June he coramenced practice
in Knoxville, Ihen the county-seat of Knox county, and con
tinued it until 1873. During these nineteen years of activily
as a lawyer, he achieved an honorable reputation for his
profound knowledge of the law and his rare tact and ability
as an advocate. He gave the raost conscientious care and
attention in jireparing and conducting the cases of his
clients, and this trail, as much as his profound learning, se
cured to him the very large and lucrative practice he en
joyed. He vvas retained in a majority of the more irapor
tant civil cases transpiring during this period, eilher as con
sulting or acting attorney, and his arguments are studied as
models of clear and concise language, and of plain and
forcible reasoning. In the month of May, 1873, he vvas
nominated in the Fifth Judicial District as a candidate for
the Supreme Bench of IlUnois, although he had written the
convention declining to be a candidate; at the election in
the foUowdng June he was elected by a large majority over
the opposing candidate. Chief Justice Lawrence. The term
of office which he now occujiies is nine years, and Ihe dis
trict in which he was elecled to the supreme bench is one
of the largest and wealthiest in Ihe State, being coraposed of
the counties of Knox, Warren, Henderson, Mercer, Henry,
Stark, Peoria, Marshall, Putnara, Bureau, La SaUe, Grundy,
and Woodford. While he was in practice he held the po
sitions of State's Attorney, County Judge, and in 1869 he
represented Knox counly in the convention called to revise
the constitution of the State. For the past fifteen years he

203
has been engaged raore or less in farming. He now re
sides upon a farm, and when not in the discharge of his
official duties devotes his time lo agricultural pursuils. In
1857 he was married lo Elizabeth P. Harvey of Knox
county.

ART, BENJAMIN KIRTLAND, M, D., was born
in Albion, New York, in 1807, being Ihe son of
Joseph and Lucy (Kirtland) Hart. He was
brought up on a farm until he attained his raajor
ity, when he repaired to Rochester, Nevv York,
where he coramenced his preparations for the
practice of medicine. He studied privately at first under
exceUent preceptors, and then entered upon a full course
at the Boston Medical College, One of his classmates was
Oliver Wendell Holmes, who graduated at the same lime he
did. Receiving h's degree ofM,D,, he started in 1832 for the
South, where he intended to locate and practise, bul while
en route he stopped al Alton, Illinois, and was called into
iraraediate professional service by the breaking out of the
yellow fever. He relinquished his intention of going far
ther south, and continued to reside and practise in Alton
until his dealh, which occurred August 3olh, 1864. He
was among Ihe earliest practitioners in that section. He
grew up into extended popularity as that town grew in popu
lation, and becarae widely known as a skilful physician.
Though an active partisan, he never held political office.
He was married in 1839 to Sophia Mix, of New Orieans,
who is still living.

ATTHEWS, FREDERICK L., M, D„ of Car
linsville, was born in Hereford, England, June
loth, 1841, being the son of John and Caroline
(Cooper) Matthews, who carae to the Uniled
Stales in 1844, and located in Lawrence county,
Pennsylvania, When in his nineteenth year he
entered Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania, but
the breaking out of the war prevented him frora finishing
his collegiate course at that time. In 1861 he entered the
service of the Uniled Slates as a privale in the 57lh Penn
sylvania Infantry, and followed the fortunes of his regiment,
graduaUy being proraoted until he reached a First Lieu
tenancy. Just prior to the memorable "seven days" fight
before Richmond, he vvas detached from his regiment and
appointed on Ihe staff of Ihe laraented General Kearney.
WhUe serving in this capacity at the battle of Malvern Hill,
he was- captured by Ihe Confederates and cast into Libby
Prison. For three months he was compelled to endure the
horrors of this loathsome place, and vvas then released.
After his discharge from the Union service he repaired lo
Pittsburgh, and engaged as a teacher in the Iron City Com
mercial College, where he reniained until 1865, when, wilh
the aira of finishing his education and of preparing himself

204

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

for the medical profession, he entered the University of Ann
Arbor, Michigan, from the scientific and medical depart
ments of which he graduated with high honors in 1867. He
located at Carlinsville, Illinois, and entered al once upon
the duties of his profession, and obtained quite a large and re
munerative practice, which was continued until 1869. In
this year he temporarily abandoned these labors for the
purpose of more thoroughly perfecting hiraself in the science
of his profession, and attended a course in Rush Medical
CoUege, at Chicago, frora which he received his degree of
M. D. He returned to Carlinsville and resumed his prac
tice, and has since been actively engaged in the fulfilraent
of its growing and responsible duties. Although a young
raan in years and young in the profession, he has a veiy
large patronage, and stands in high public estimation as a
skilful surgeon. Upon the recommendation of Governor
John M. Palraer, in 1872, he vvas appointed by President
Grant as a Coraraissioner frora Illinois lo represent that
Slate in the Centennial Coraraission, and has been honored
by a place on the Execulive Committee of that body, of
which he is the youngest member. He has shown himself
to be thoroughly alive to the vast iraportance of the National
Exposition, and the peojile of Illinois are to be congratu
lated in securing the services of so zealous a worker in the
raoveraent lo make that display a crowning success. He
has been and is a close student of the science embodying
the theory and practice of niedicine, and distinguishes his
practice not only by skill and care, but by an affable and
courteous demeanor.

f ONROE, HENRY S., Lawyer, was born in Balti
more, Maryland, February gth, i87g, where his
parents were temporarily residing on account of
his father's health. The latter, Dr. Henry Mon
roe, vvas a prominent physician of Broorae counly,
New York, but for raore than twenty years, after
he reached the age of twenty-five, he was an invalid, and
continued ill-health eventually compelled hira to abandon
the profession of whieh he had become a leading member.
His vvife, Sylvia (Thomas) Monroe, was alady of cultivated
tastes and many accoraplishmenls, and was nearly related
to the Stanton faraily and that of Hon. Caleb Cushing.
When Dr. Monroe discontinued the practice of raedicine,
he purchased a tract of comparatively wild land in Broome
counly. New York, and coramenced the clearing of what is
now one of the finest farms in that locality. Here it was
that his son, Plenry S., spent the early years of his Ufe.
His mother, whose varied acquireraents especially filled
her for that position, was his teacher until his tenth year,
when he entered the common schools, attending their .sessions
in the winters and assisting on his father's farm during the
reraaining portion of the year. He early acquired a great
taste for reading, being especially fascinated with ancient
and modern history. He coramenced when quite young to

collect the works of various authors, and established the
nucleus of a library, which by constant and discriminate
additions has become one of the largest and dne of the
finest in the Western Slates. He commenced his prepara
tion for a coUegiate career at Oxford, New York, and look
high rank as a student, the rapidity of his progress being
very largely due to the substantial elementary education
which had been acquired under the supervision ofhis mo
ther. He studied three years at Oxford, and then entered
the junior class of Geneva College, and at the request of the
coUege society to which he belonged, he entered the list of
competitors for the highest honors of the class. Araong
these competitors was Hon. George W. Nicholas, who for
two years had been at the head of the class. The result of
this scholariy contest was the triumph of Mr. Monroe, vvho
secured the awards. In 1850 he graduated wilh the most
distinguished honors in a class which comprised, aniong
others, Hon. George W. Nicholas, Hon. M. W. Belshaw of
California, and D. H. Ainsworth, now an eminent engineer.
While a collegian he was a leader in athletic sports, main
taining a harmony of progress in both his intellectual and
physical advancement, and attaining by these exercises a
robust.vigor which is the invaluable basis for a useful and
happy Ufe. In the various societies to which he belonged
he was regarded as an adroit manager, and he was predicted
as the future politician of his class. After his graduation he
commenced at once the study of law, reading with Henry
R. Mygatl, of Oxford, New York, then one of the leading
pracliiioners of Ihal section of the Stale. During his prep
aration for the bar he taught school a portion of his time.
Pie appUed himself so assiduously to his legal studies tiiat
Ihis temporary vocation did not interfere with his careful
preparation for Ihe practice of his intended profession. In
1853 he passed his examination and was admitted to the
bar, his success being highly conipliniented by the presiding
judges. Accepting a small loan from his forraer preceptor,
Mr. Mygatl, he purchased a collection of standard law
books, and ordered them to be shipped to Chicago, to
which city he at once removed. Ujion his arrival he had
but one personal acquaintance in the whole Slate of Illinois,
and that was the late Stephen ,A. Douglas, wilh wdiora he
had become intimately associated. In 1S54 he opened an
office in Chicago, and by unflagging energy, strict integrity,
and the most conscientious zeal for his clients, he graduaUy
obtained a patronage which vvas not only satisfactory from
the elevated character of the peojile who gave it, but satis
factory by reason of its large pecuniary rewards. At the
end of the first year of his profession he was enabled to re
tura to his generous preceptor the money he had advanced.
His first important case was that of Martin O. \yalker ot.
John Frink, the plaintiff and defendant being bolh well
known all over Ihe Norlhwest, not only as remarkably cajia-
ble and energetic business men, but as the bitterest enemies
to each olher. The action involved a large amount, and
attracted general attention during its progress, its details

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

205

being widely published throughout that section of the coun- j
try. The plaintiff was represented by a very distinguished
arr.ay of counsel, vvho had earned eminence at the bar. Mr.
Monroe alone ajipeared forthe defence, and achieved a de
cided success. His skilful management of his client's
cause won the golden opinions of the bench, bar, and the
public, and from Ihis auspicious opening his career has been
that of a distinguished counsel and advocate, whose con
stantly increasing practice extends into all the State and
p'ederal courts, and into the courts of the adjoining Stales.
Professionally he closely identifies himself with his clients'
interest. He has a rare faculty for eliciting the real facts of
the case, and of arriving at a correct conclusion as to the
ultimate result of litigation. If in his judgment the laller
should not be resorted to, and ihe ends of justice and the
interests of his client can be attained by a compromise or
settlement, he invariably insists on that procedure, let his
patrons be as belligerently litigious as they may. He faithfully
and conscientiously perforras every professional duly. His
characteristic trait of thoroughly raastering in principle and
detail every case of which he has the management can be
described no belter than by the illustration of the action of
Fisher vs. Stone. This was his second cause, vvhich greatly
excited public interest. It involved not only intricate ques
tions of law and pleading, but scientific problems then un
settled, the medical profession of bolh America and Europe
being about equaUy divided in opinion thereon. In his
preparation for the trial of this case he not only familiarized
himself wilh Ihe highest raedical authorities ujion the scien
tific issues involved, but il is said that he went so far in his
client's interest as to have hired a dissecting-room, where
the autopsy was raade of subjects who had died frora the
same cause as that under judicial consideraiion. The result
of all this elaborate preparation was that, when the great
trial carae on, although Professor White of Buffalo, Lee,
Parker and Quackenboss of New York, MUler of I^ouis-
ville, Delamater of Cleveland, Brainard, Freen, Allen,
Blaney, Davis and Byford of Chicago, were on the witness-
stand, not one of Ihem exhibited a more practical knowl
edge of the scientific and technical detail of tho subject in
question than he did. His opening address to the jury was
remarkable for its perspicuity and force, and the leading
counsel for the opposition admitted that they feared its
effect. The trial lasted thirty-one days, and the late dis
tinguished Judge Mannierre, who presided, said in his
charge to the jury, that the issues of law and fact involved
in it rendered the case one ofthe most iraportant, if not the
raost important, ever tried in the State of Illinois. The
verdict was for the defendant, whora Mr. Monroe repre
sented, and the result contributed largely to change the
medical opinion of the world upon scientific questions
which had long been debated. The correctness of the
theories and principles advanced by Mr. Monroe in the de
fence became the subjects of profound discussion in the
medical societies both of this country and of Europe, and

they met with almost universal approval. He has a very
large general jiraclice in all Ihe courls of the norlhweslern
section, and labors Lo best advantage in cases which tax all
his energies and powers of resource, in which vital issues
are involved, ancl in wdiich the most patient labor and
scientific research are demanded in the successful mastery
of detail. He sludies particularly the case as the opposi
tion may view it, marks out a line of action the direct an
tithesis of Ihat he intends actually lo follow, and in Ihis
manner is led to anticipate the theories intended to be set
up by that ojiposition, and to prepare for overthrowing
them. He is, though an active and energetic attorney,
calmly deliberate in all his movements, and never precipi
tates hiraself into open errors as a counsel, the retraction of
which would confess his weakness and want of thorough
ness in study and jireparalion. As a pleader at the bar he
is unsurpassed, and few men are as rapid and conclusive in
argument, keener in apprehension, or more thoroughly
versed in all the forms and modes of procedure Ihan he.
He has rare powers of analysis, and is in high reputation as
a cross-exaraining counsel. Although not in the fullest
sense of the terra a criminal lawyer, he has defended raany
prosecutions under the revenue laws, and in this line of
practice has never failed to secure Ihe acquittal of his
clients. He has been leading counsel in important com
mercial, corporation and insurance cases, wdiich involved
vital questions to the financial and commercial interests of
the Stale, and has in this line achieved no ordinary degree
of .success. He is a maH strong in the confidence of his
ovvn judgment, and never abandons a case in vvhich he is
convinced he is right, so long as the slightest hope of secur
ing justice reraains. An adverse decision does not intimi
date hira nor shake his faith in the correctness of his own
theory, and he rarely fails of success upon an appeal lo a
higher tribunal. His forensic efforts are models in rhetoric
and arrangement. He presents fact in ils plainest colors,
unweaves in the most skilful manner involved masses of
evidence, and presents lo the bench, bar and jury an irresist
ible chain of circumstance and a conclusive line of theory,
which carry conviction with thera to the raind. He is now
extensively engaged in real estate litigation, and has a
patronage unsurpassed in the city of Chicago. Having
eariy develojied scholariy tastes, he has since his eariy man
hood been a lover of books, and has amassed a rare and
invaluable collection of thera, forming one of the largest
privale libraries in ihe YV'esleni States. His law libraiy,
which was bumed in the great fire, was one of the most
complete and valuable in the State, and that he now owns
is one of the largest and best selected in the city in which
he lives. Pie is as full of Ufe and vigor as in his coUege
days, and is a keen lover of athletic sports, of wdiich he is
not only the generous patron bul a participator. He is a
fine marksman, wilh rifle or .shot-gun, whether the garae be
laro-e or sniall. He is an excellent horseman, is a free and
grrceful rider, and is an accepted authority on the questions

2D6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of age and stock. He is, in all, a man of the most unim
peachable integrity, whose character both in professional
and social life has been by his own brilliant efforts, by his
liberal and enterprising spirit, and by his generous and gen
tlemanly conduct, raised to a high position in public estima
tion. He has an estimable wife, and an interesting family
of children, who share with him Ihe ample fortune which
is the reward of his conscientious and industrious practice,
and that respect which his many excellencies have eUcited
from his fellow-citizens. He has always stood aloof from
politics save as a private citizen, an,d has repeatedly de
clined office. He gives himself almost wholly to the cares
ofhis profession, and the time allotted for recreation is spent
eilher wilh dog or gun, or in holding the reins of a flying
roadster.

ALKER, CHARLES A., Mayor of CariinsvUle,
Illinois, was bom in Nashville, Tennessee, in
1830, and is the son of Abrara S. and Rosina
(Phelps) Walker, who removed to Illinois in
1831, and took rank aniong the pioneer settlers of
Carlinsville. His education, commenced at home,
carried on in the public schools, and finished at Shurlleff
College, at Alton, from vvhich he graduated in 1851, was
bolh substantial and varied. After his collegiate career he
coraraenced to read law with Rinaker & Gilbert at Carlins
ville, and was thoroughly prepared under these preceptors
for the bar, to which he was adraifled in 1857. He entered
at once upon practice, vvhich grew gradually in extent and
iraportance, being surpassed by that of no olher practitioner
in that section. In 1862 he was elecled to the Illinois
Legislalure on Ihe Democratic ticket, and in 1872 was
chosen Mayor of Carlinsville, and fulfilled Ihe responsible
duties of this station wilh dignity, ability, and to popular
satisfaction. He is widely respected for his sterling in
tegrity, his high attainments, and for his raany fine social
qualities. In 1853 he was married to Ann Dick, of Macou
pin, who slill lives.

Ijirj NOWLTON, DEXTER A., Merchant, was born
"*¦ in Fairfield, Plerkinier counly. New York, March
3d, 1812. During his infancy his parents moved
to the hills of Chautauqua counly, in the western
part ofthe State. Here, upon a farra in the town
of Stockton, were passed his childhood and youth.
His parents were poor, but devout Christians, and trained
their children in habits of frugality and industry. Even in
his boyhood he exhibited much of Ihe energy and thriftiness
which, more fully developed in after years, paved for hira
the vvay leading to his present prorainent and enviable po
sition. As he grew older he manifested an ardent desire to
engage in trade, or enter a slore for the purpose of procuring

an insight into the details and workings of active business life,
but his father, dreading the baneful effects of evil associations,
endeavored lo fix his attention on farraing and agricultural
pursuits. He was resolved, however, to follow the bent of
his inclinations, and not desiring to succeed at the trade of
shoeraaker, which his parent had desired that he should
erabrace, deterrained to prepare hiraself to enter into a raer
cantile business by securing a raore thorough and varied
education. After much opposition on the part of his father,
who held in detestation the loose and vicious courses of
many of the careless students, he succeeded finally in en
tering the acaderay then flourishing at Fredonia, and there
prosecuted diligently his sludies, in Ihe interira by raeans of
his own exertions, paying for his board and tuition, and
also furnishing a man lo take his place on the paternal
farm. Shortly before arriving at his majority, he returned
to his horae fully decided lo leave the farm, and find em
ployraent in a store or mercantile house. He had then
saved about three hundred dollars, the fruits of his labor, and
his father made him the proposition that, if he would give
to his Iwo sisters and brother two hundred dollars each, and
provide for the support of the parents during Iheir lifetimes,
he should become the owner of the farm and its sundries
and attachments. The offer was closed wilh, and in this
manner he became the sole possessor of about $2000 worlh
of jiroperty. In 1838 he started on a peddling trip to the
West, and in January, i83g, settled at Freeport, Illinois,
where he opened a general store, meeting wilh gratifying
success. At this dale, his father desiring to live by him
self, moved to Fox River, having received full satisfaction
for the claims for support which he had upon his son. In
1842 he first went to New York lo buy goods, and soon es
tablished his credit in Ihal city, and also in Chicago. In
1843 began his investments and operations in real estate,
those ventures resulting ultiraately in the Knowdlon addi
tions to Ihe town of Freeport, frora vvhich he realized a large
sum of money. During 1847-48 he bought w-heat heavily,
in opposition to all the merchants of the tovvn, and suc
ceeded finaUy in carrying his intentions to a victorious
issue. He was importantly and pecuniarily interested in
the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, which was one of
the first roads projected out of Chicago. In 1850 he was
elected a Director of the company, and during the follow
ing twelve years was annually re-elected lo Ihe same posi
tion, whose duties he performed wilh energy and ability.
He has never cared for or sought political preferment, and
when the nomination for Governor of the State was urged
upon him by Ihe Free-Soil parly, he accepted it only be
cause he knew that its powers were too weak lo elect ils
candidate. In 1855 he built a house at Weslfield, New
York, purposing lo withdraw from the turmoil of active
business life, but he was restless in the retirement vvhich
cramped his energies and activities. In 1861 he purchased
for $100,000 the Empire .Spring at Saratoga, and afterward
joined the proprietors ofthe famous Congress Spring, and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

207

in conjunction with them organized the Congress and Empire
Spring Company. Alter living on Brooklyn Heights for a
period of four years, here turned to Freeport, Illinois, in 1870,
in order to be near his six children. Three of his sons are
associated with him in the banking business in this town,
and are favorably known for their business abilities and
trustworthiness. He was married January 15th, 1834, to
Evelina Arnold, to whom he attributes a great measure of
his success in life, and who died in August, 1S74.

IrcCOURTIE, ISAAC, was born in Clifton Park,
S.aratoga counly. New York, December 2d, 1820.
His parents were James McCourtie and Dorcas
McCourtie, the former being of Scotch descent,
the latter of Nevv England parentage. Plis educa-
tion.was acquired solely by his ovvn unaided efforts.
Upon attaining his fifteenth year he was ajiprenticed to a
carpenter to learn his trade, and remained vvith him until
the expiration of his apprenticeship. lie then engaged in
house building, continuing thus occupied untu 1858, when
he removed to Onarga, Iroquois county, Illinois. He there
interested himself in the buying and selling of grain, lumber,
and cattie, also pursuing in connection with his transactions
in the above commodities a general frontier business. Dur-
ino- the greater portion of the tirae consumed in those opera
tions, he was associated in a partnership connection with
Lewis Russ, under Ihe firm-name of Russ & McCourtie.
The partners became well known also throughout Iroquois
county as extensive importers of horses. For many years
the firm furnished the citizens of Onarga with neariy every
thing which they were then unable to purchase ; and the
greater number of the school-houses, bridges, and fences
were built by Russ & McCourtie, who were compelled by
stress of circurastances to wait several years in almost every
case for payment. He vvas married in 1847.

INCHCLIFFE, HON. JOPIN, Lawyer and Jour
nalist, was born in Bradford, in the West Riding
of Yorkshire, England, April 20th, 1822. He is
the son of Abraham and Rebecca HinchcUffe, and
brother of Richard Plinchcliffe, recently editor of
the Lawrence, Massachusetts, Journal, and now
deceased. His aged father, now dead, was until recently a
resident of the old Bay State, where his mother died but a
few years ago. Before attaining even his seventh year he
was sent to work in a neighboring factory, and afterward
served an apprenticeship to the trade of a tailor, following
that business subsequently with success as apprentice, jour
neyman, foreman, and employer, until 1858, at vvhich date
he entered upon a course of studies with a view to qualify
himseff for the legal profession, of which he became a mem
ber in i860, the year of his admission to the bar. Later he

was appointed Associate Editor of the BelleviUe Democrat,
a weekly paper, and also of the Daily Dispatch, the same
office being the place of publication for both of those jour
nals. In the opening of 1863 he began the publication of
Ihe Weekly Miner, and with a slight change in name and
forra continued the same for four years. Although, during
the period here referred to, his editorial duties absorbed the
major portion of his tirae, he has nevertheless, frora the day
he was adraitted to the bar, been constantly and actively
engaged in the practice of his profession as a lawyer. His
residence in early life in one of the large mining districts of
England enabled him to acquire a familiar knowledge of the
characteristics, wants, and requirements of the raining classes ;
and his intiraate acquaintance with the factory systems, and
the operations of trades' unions, and societies of a sirailar
kind, renders him a valuable authority on the various mooted
points and ceaseless discussions which constantly arise con
cerning those organizations, their producing causes and ulti
mate results. Prior to his admission to the bar, the date of
his arrival in the United States being the winter of 1847, he
lived in the East for a period of three years, Ihen for a brief
period in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, whence he removed to
St. Louis in 1853, settling finally vvith his family in St. Clair
county, Illinois, where he has since perraanentiy resided.
When the first number of the Miner raade its appearance,
there were no papers in this country published exclusively
in the interests of the industrial classes. Two weeks later,
however, Fincher's Trades' Review was issued, and still
later also, the Workingman' s Advocate. Of these three, the
first only, conducted upon the broad basis of labor reforra,
won for itself stability and success. In earlier days he was
prorainent and active in the English labor reforra deraonstra
tions, conducted by M. T. Sadler and Richard Oastier, in
favor of shortening the hours of labor in factories from twelve
and fourteen to ten hours per day. He vvas subsequently a
regular and valued contributor to the Tailor's Advocate, a
monthly magazine published in the interests of the craft of
which he was a member. In August, 1866, he was sent as
a delegate from a labor organization in East St. Louis to the
first genuine Labor Congress ever held in the United States,
Baltimore, Maiyland, and over that body ruled as President,
to which position he was unanimously elected. At the con
clusion of the session he was appoinled chairraan of a com
mittee appointed to wait upon President Andrew Johnson,
and request as far as possible his influence in favor of the
raeasures proposed by the Labor Congress. When the
Illinois Constitutional Convention was held in 1870, he was
appointed by the miners of St. Clair counly, lUinois, lo obtain
for them a recognition of their right to be protected by law
against the perils of insufficient ventilation, and the frequent
needless occurrence of mining catastrophes. Ultimately, by
request, he presented at length his views before the Com
mittee on Mines and Mining, in an elaborate and striking
argument, which was aftenvard published and widely circu
lated. The direct effect of his labors was the incorporation

208

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

in the constitution of a clause making it obligatory on the
Legislature " to pass such laws from time to lirae, as may be
necessary for the protection of Ihe lives, limbs and health of
the operative miners." At the next session of the Legislature
he was elecled Representative from Sl. Clair county, and
drafted and secured the passage of a bill to carry out the
constitutional obligations above alluded to, for the protection
of working miners, and that is now one of the laws of the
State. While acting with the Twenty-seventh General As
sembly, then engaged in the important work of revising all
the laws of the State, so as to bring them into harmony wilh
the spirit and letier of the newly adopted constitution, his
acumen, vigor, and able statesmanship elicited much atten
tion arid innumerable encomiums, and 'so well satisfied were
his constituents with his deportment and actions in the As
sembly, that at the ensuing general election he was chosen
bv a handsome raajority for the position of Senator from the
Forty-ninth District, over his competitor, who is confessedly
one of the ablest jurists in the State. He has always affili
ated and acted wilh the Progressive Democrats and Labor
Reformers, and is regarded by them as a valuable, liberal,
and consistent ally. "As a speaker, he is graceful and elo
quent ; as an advocate of labor's interests, recognized and
beloved ; as a friend, genial and true ; as a man, esteemed
by all who know hira." He was raarried in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, in 1852, to Sarah Gamber, a Pennsylvanian
of good family and connections.

i'CJ^ ASE, HON. WILLIAM G., Lawyer, and Member
of the Legislature of Illinois, was born in Rush-
town, Northumberland counly, Pennsylvania, Au
gust 7th, l83g. His falher, William H. Kase, of
German parentage, was a native of Pennsylvaiiia,
and for twenty years - acted as Major-General in
the Pennsylvania State troops, also for raany years he was
largely engaged in the iron trade. His raother, of English
extraction, vvas Elizabeth (Haighawoal) Kase, a forraer resi
dent of New Jersey. Pie was educated primarily at the
Danville Academy, and thence transferred to the Lewisburg
University of Pennsylvania. Upon abandoning his prepara
tory student life, he engaged in teaching as principal of the
Danville High School for one year. Subsequently, having
decided to erabrace the legal profession, he coraraenced
reading law with Judge Joseph H. Carapbell, prosecuting his
studies under the sujiervisiori of Ihat tutor during the ensuing
three years, at the expiration of vvhich tirae he was admitted
to the bar, January, 1863, at DanviUe, Pennsylvania. In
the following spring he came West and connected himself
in a law partnership wilh his brother, Spencer M. Kase, at
Belleville, Illinois, an associatio'n enduring until the follow
ing year, when he established his office in East St. Louis,
commencing the practice of his profession, April 23d, 1864.
He vv'as the first attorney permanently resident in that place.

and met with great success within a brief period, and through
his rectitude and abilities soon secured the esteem and con
fidence of his fellow-townsmen. In 1865, when the town
was incorporated into a city, he was elected Judge of the
City Courts of Record, and performed the attendant functions
of his office with thoroughriess and fidelity for the term of
three years, and then tendered his resignation. In 1866 he
was one of the delegates to the National Peace Convention
at Philadelphia. He finally resumed the practice of law,
and, since his return to a professional life, has been with
some exceptions constantly and successfully occupied. ' In
1874 he was elected to the Legislature frora St. Clair county,
which he still represents, arid is one of the raost active and
influential members of that body. Prior to this, in 1868, he
was the Democratic nominee for State Senator, and partici
pated prominently in the attendant campaign. Ultimately,
although leading the Democratic ticket in his county eleven
hundred and thirty-two votes, he was defeated by the Re
publican candidate. He has always acted warmly with the
Democratic party, supporting it on all occasions, and has
beeii importantly instrumental in fostering its interests in
East St. Louis and the neighboring sections of the State.
He is interested in the East St. Louis Rail Mill ; is a Direc
tor of the East St. Louis Bank ; and the first President of
the East St. Louis Library and Reading Room, a flourishing
and useful institution, of which he was one of the founders
and promoters. He is a vigorous coadjutor in local enter
prises, and in every possible way, to the extent of his ability,
seeks lo augment the public happiness and prosperity. He
was married December 3d, 1867, to Anna Toonier of East
St. Louis, a daughter of the banker, Simon W. Toomer.

«^r AYLOR, JULIUS S., M. D., vvas bom at Saratoga
j; Springs, New York, March 4th, 1808. His father,
J I Ziba Taylor, vvas engaged in coramercial pursuits;
his mother was Sarah (Searing) Taylor. His
education was acquired equaUy at Saratoga and in
New York city. Ujion the completion of his ele
mentary and preparatory studies, he decided to embrace the
medical profession, and in 1828, under the able guidance of
Dr. E. L. B. Wales, an old and extensive practitioner at
Tuckahoe, Cape May counly, New Jersey, commenced the
study of medicine. He subsequently matriculated at the
Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in
1831, and in 1833 graduated from that institution. He then
commenced at once the practice of his profession at Cape
Island, New Jersey, whence, after a residence of about one
year, he removed to May's Landing in the same State, where
he established himself, and practised until 1837. At Ihe
period last mentioned he decided to proceed farther to the
West, and accordingly removed to CarroUton, near Dayton,
Ohio, where, during a space of twenty-seven years, he was
the possessor of a very extensive and remunerative practice,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

209

he left

and the possessor also of the esteem and affection of the
sunrounding country. In April, 1864, he abandoned his
practice in Ohio, and moved to Kankakee, Illinois, where
he has since permanently resided, for the major portion of
that time secluded from active life. He was married in
1 83 1 to Margaret T. Gray, of Cape May county. New Jersey.

^j OWLEY, GENERAL WILLIAM R., was born
in St. Lawrence county. New York, in 1824.
His parents were Aaron Rowley and Martha
(CampbeU) Rowley, of Vermont. In 1831 he
removed with his parents to Erie county, New
York, and there received his education. In 1840
New York State, and removed to Brown counly,
Ohio, near Georgetown. He was engaged in this locality
in teaching school for about three years, and in 1843 went
to Scale's Mound, Illinois, a small village situated at a dis
tance of about ten railes frora Galena, where he continued at
his avocation of teacher until 1849. He was then appointed
Assessor and Collector of the county, which office he filled
for the terra of three years, and at its expiration in 1852 he
entered the office of the Circuit Clerk in Galena, as Deputy
Clerk. In 1854 he was elected Sheriff of the county, the
term of this office being for two years. In 1856 he was
elected Circuit Clerk and Recorder of Ihe county, and since
has held this office continuously up to the present time, per
forming its duties during his service in the army by deputy.
In 1 86 1, on the outbreak of the war, he entered the United
States service in the 45lh Regiraent of Illinois Volunteers,
with which he reraained until February, 1862, when he was
commissioned as Captain, and attached to the staff of General
Grant. In April of the same year he became Major, and in
1864 received his coraraission as Lieulenant-Colonel. In
the ensuing fall he resigned, in consequence of enfeebled
heallh, iraraediately after the battle of Petersburg, and as a
recognition of his services was brevetted Brigadier-General.
He then returned to Galena, where he has since been con
tinuously engaged in the perforraance of the duties attached
to his position as Circuit Clerk and Recorder of the county.
He is the only surviving member of the original personal
staff of General Grant.

|*'AULFIELD, HON. BERNARD G., Lawyer and
Congressman, was born, October 18th, 1828, in the
city of Alexandria, then in the District of Colum
bia, but now in the State of Virginia. His parents
were of Irish nationality, and both died while he
was quite young. He was educated at George
town College in the District of Columbia, and graduated
with the class of 1848. He then removed to Lexington,
Kentucky, where he had relatives,. studied law at Transyl
vania University, and was admitted to the bar in February,
27

1850, where he fountPJames B. Clay, son of Hon. Plenry
Clay, John C. Breckenridge, Jaraes B. Beck, and others,
since prominent in Ihe profession and the counlry. He
practised law in Lexington, Kentucky, until the spring of
1854, when he reraoved to Chicago, since which time he
has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession
in that city. In the autumn of 1874 he was nominated for
Congress in the First District of Illinois, on the Democratic
ticket, opposing the adrainistration, and was elected by over
500 majority in a district usually Republican by over 6000.
Before taking his seat his predecessor died, and a new elec
tion was ordered to fill the vacancy. He was again elected
by over 3000 majority over both competitors. In religious
belief he is a Roman Catholic. He has ever been a staunch
Democrat, favors a lovv revenue tariff, is opposed to all sub
sidies, and favors a return of the government to the old land
marks, siraplicity and economy. As a lawyer he possesses
considerable merit. His raost salient trait is his great cour
tesy ; and he is a finished gentleraan as well as lawyer. In
his speeches he is deliberate, careful of the selection of his
phrases, and clear and forcible in the presentation of his
ideas. His personal appearance coincides very exactly with
his cultivated manners, and he seems equally at home
whether as a lawyer pleading a case before a jury, or as a
private citizen interchanging hospitalities at the social board.
He was married young, at Springfield, Kentucky, in March,
1853, to Susan Walker, a niece of the late Hon. Felix
Grundy of Tennessee ; she died in the foUowing August.
In December, i860, he married Laura Deaver, the daughter
of one of St. Louis' merchants. She is still living.

IKE, HON. SCOTT, Lawyer, and Representative
in Congress of the Eleventh District of Illinois,
was born in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, April
6th, 1834. His parents are George Wike and
Ann (Grubb) Wike, vvho emigrated to Quincy,
Illinois, in 1838, and in 1844 settied in Pike
county in the same Stale. After corapleting a prelirainary
course of studies, he entered the Lombard University at
Galesburg, Illinois, and there applied himself assiduously to
acquiring a thorough knowledge of the higher branches of
learning. At the expiration of Ihe usual period of probation,
he graduated frora the scientific department of that institu
tion in 1857. In the sarae year, 1857, he coraraenced to
read law,, and after grounding himself fairly in legal theories
and principles, passed the required examination, and in
1858 was admitted to the bar. In the following year, desir
ous of a greater perfection in the science of the profession
which he had erabraced, he entered the Law School of
Harvard, at Carabridge, Massachusetts, and before the close
of 1859 became a graduate also of that institution. He then
began the active practice of law at Pittsfield, the county seat
of Pike, Illinois, and rapidly secured an extensive and re:

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

niuneralive clientage. In 1862 he wa?elected on the Demo
cratic ticket to the Illinois Legislature, serving two terms in
that body, and throughout wilh marked abiUty and vigor.
In the fall of 1874 he was elecled to represent in Congress
the Eleventh District of Illinois, comprising the counties of
Pike, Adams, Brown, Calhoun, Greene, and Jersey, securing
wilh a single exception the largest majority ever given to
any candidate in the State. A talented and skilful lawyer,
his proceedings have invariably been characterized by recti
tude and a high sense of honor. In all matters connected
remotely or neariy with the social and political interests of
his adopted Stale and county, he has always manifested a
warm and generous interest ; and in the halls of the Legis
lature has effectively sustained the interests of his constituents.

;OTZ, FERDINAND C, M.D., Eye Surgeon and
Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology, was bom
in Wertheim, Gemiany, July 12th, 1843. H'^
parents are Godfrey Hotz and Rosa (Muschaweek)
Hotz, bolh natives of Germany. His preliminary
education was acquired at the lyceum of his
native place. At eighteen years of age he entered the Jena
L-niversity, where he prosecuted his studies for a period of
about eighteen months, subsequently taking a four years'
course at Heidelberg, passing through Ihe regular classical
and medical deparlnienls, and graduating frora that institu
tion in 1865. He vvas Ihen attached as Surgeon to the Sur
gical Departraent of the University Hospital at Heidelberg,
and reniained there thus occupied during the ensuing year.
The war Ihen breaking out between Pnissia and Austria, he
vvas appointed a Surgeon in the Austrian army, and served
efficiently until the terraination of the conflict. The next
two years he devoted particularly to the study of surgery of
the eye, prosecuting his researches at Berlin, Prague, Vienna,
and Munich. In the fall of 1867 he relumed to the Univer
sity of Heidelberg, and becarae House Surgeon in the Eye
Infirmaiy, remaining there until the spring of 1869. He
then came to the United Slates, previously passing sorae time,
hovvever, in Paris, London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dub
lin, availing himself of every advantage pertaining to his
special practice. Upon arriving in this counlry, he travelled
westward, and established hiraself in Chicago, Illinois, vvhere
he has since pemianently resided, Ihe possessor not only of
an extensive and ever increasing practice, but also of the
esteem and confidence of all with whom he has been placed
in contact. In Sejitember, 1870, he vvas appointed Oculist
to Ihe Cook Counly Hospital, and filled Ihis position until
June, 1875, when he resigned lo enter upon his duties as
Surgeon lo Ihe State Eye and Ear Infirmaiy, in association
with Dr. E. L. Holmes. In 1871 he vvas ajipoinled Profes
sor of Ophthalmology and Otology in Ihe Women's Medical
College of Chicago, and h.as since continued to fill that chair.
He vvas Lately elected one of the associate editors of Ihe

Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner by-the Chicago
Medical Press Association. In July, 1875, he was appointed
by the Mayor and Common Council a Director of the public
library. His rapid rise to the prorainent position he now
occupies in the medical profession is attributable to an unusu
ally coraprehensive knowledge of all the various principles
and details governing and connected vvith the particular
branch of raedical science to which he devotes hiraself wilh
such notable success, and also his store of varied and schol
arly attainraents, which makes him an interesting and in.
structive companion to professional and non-professional
alike. He was raarried in 1873 '° Emma Rosenmerkel of
Chicago.

teALE, JAMES v.. Merchant, was born, Noveraber
" 2d, 1806, in Concord, New Harapshire, and is a

son of Benjarain and Prudence (Varaura) Gale.
Plis father was a raan of considerable prominence
in his State, and closely identified wdth its early
history; he lived to the ripe age of eighty-six
years. James V. Gale received his preliminary education in
the schools of his native town, and in 1824 entered the
United States Military Academy at West Point, where he
remained about a year. In 1828 he 'went to Boston, where
he vvas engaged in the mercantile business until the spring
of 1835, when he disposed of his interests there, removed to
Illinois, and in the month of May located in Ogle county,
and erected the first house in what is now Oregon City. He
followed the occupation of farming until 1848, when the
town having increased considerably, he embarked in the
mercantile business wilh a partner, which they carried on
very successfuUy for four years, and Ihen sold out the estab
lishment and erected a saw-mill. This they operated for
Ihree years. In 1856 he reraoved to Chicago, where for
four years he carried on a wholesale business, and in i860
disposed of the sarae and retired frora active mercantUe pur
suits. He is the oldest living resident of Oregon, and has
held many responsible positions. He was the first Recorder
of Ogle counly, and held the office for eleven years; he was
also Ihe first Justice of the Peace, and the first Public Ad
ministrator. He vvas Supervisor of the town for 1853-4, and
also from 1857 to 1868. He was the second Poslraaster of
Oregon, being appoinled thereto by President Harrison, in
1 841, and held the office two years, when he was reraoved
on account of politics, not being a " Tyler" raan. In 1863
he vvas elected by the Republican party a Representative lo
the State Legislalure, and acquitted himself in a creditable
manner. In 1870 Oregon becarae an incorporated city, and
he was elecled its first Mayor, and served in Ihat capacity
for two years. In the same year also he was elected a Di
rector ofthe Chicago and Iowa Railroad Company, and sub
sequently Vice-President of the sarae. He is at present,'
also, a Director of tiic First National Bank of Oregon. From
Ihe foregoing record il will be perceived that his has been a

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

life Ol continued and determined effort and toil, and al
though he is fast approaching the three-score years and ten,
he is still as hale, hearty, active, and energetic, as many
men vvho are a score of years his junior. He is fully posted
in the history of Oregon, having for the past thirty years
kept a journal, wherein he has noted down the important
events occurring during that time. He was married in
1832 to Caroline Gibson, of New Hampshire, and has two
daughters living, the only survivors of several children.

|,ARTLETT, FREDERIC, Hardware and Iron
Merchant, was born October 7th, 1837, in Brook
lyn, his parents being WiUiam and Mary (Crie)
Bartlett. He received his early education in the
common schools, and by a full and comprehen
sive course in the Polytechnic Academy, in his
native place, received a substantial knowledge of the arts
and sciences, and of the rules so necessary in the transac
tion of general business. Upon leaving school he entered
a hardware house, in 'New York city, as clerk, and sub
sequently became its buyer. In 1855 he removed to Free-
port, Illinois, with Iwo clerk;, and established a partnership
in the hardware business, under the firm-name of Church-
hill, Maverick & B.irtlelt. In 1858 Maverick retired, and
was foUowed by ChurchUl in i860, since vvhich time Mr.
Bartlett has carried on Ihe business under his own name.
At first the transactions of the house were small, but by
the apjilication of Mr. Bartlett, and by his honorable
method of dealing, the business soon grew into very large
jiroportions. It now includes, besides ordinary hardware,
iron, wagon, ancl buggy stock, seasoned and ready for use,
stoves, hollow-ware, etc., combining several distinct busi
nesses inone, and of almost infinite variety of detail. The
sales aggregrate about $200,000 jier annum. Mr. Barllett
is a shrewd and careful business man, enterprising, gener
ous in his actions, fair-dealing in all his mercantile transac
tions, and courteous to all vvho apjiroach him. He has
attained hi_h local prominence, and the reputation of his
establishment has become fixed in all the leading marts of
the country.

Roberts, JAMES henry. Lawyer, was born
-^j December I2lh, 1825, in Kaskaskia, the oldest
I settleriient in the State of Illinois, and is a son
'^ of Edmund and Susan (Lamb) Roberts. Plis
father was a native of New Hampshire, vvas one
of the pioneer settlers of Illinois, and vvas a
raeniber of the Board of Canal Coramissioners who laid
out the city of Chicago, and olher canal towns of the State ;
his raother was a native of Connellsville, Pennsylvania, and
his ancestry, on bolh sides, vvere raembers of the Society of
Fi'iends. About the year 1832 his parents removed to

Springfield, where he studied under Rev. Francis Springer,
a Lutheran clergyraan, who prepared hira for coUege ; and
he nialriculaled at McKendree College, of which E. Went
worth (now editor of the ladies' Literary Repository of
Cincinnati) was president, and J. L. Scripps, one of Ihe
founders of the Chicago Tribune, was professor of malhe-
matics. He intermitted the tenn of 1847, and then at
tended Ihe law school of Transylvania University, that
instilulion numbering aniong its faculty, T. M. A. Marshall,
Chief Justice of Kentucky, Hon. George Robertson, ex-Chief
Justice, and the warm friend of Henry Clay ; also Justice
Woolly. That university, at that time, ranked the second
in the country, being only excelled by Harvard. Pie re
turned in 1848 to McKendree College, vvhere he graduated
in good standing in the class of that year. He then en
tered the office of Gamble & Bates, as a student of law.
Bolh of these gentlemen vvere men of national reputation ;
the former vvas afterwards Governor of Missouri, and Ihe
latter vvas Attorney-General under Lincoln's adminislraliou,
and, as an orator, second to none in the West. He was
adraitted to the bar, and coraraenced the practice of his
profession in 1849; hut in order to more fully qu.alify him
self for the position he occupied, he attended the Louisville
Law School during the session of 1851-52, then under the
management of Chancellor Pirtie and Counsellors BuUock
and Pryor ; frora this school he graduated. He was novv
located in Vincennes, Indiana, and associated with J. G.
Bowman, constituting the law firm of Bowman & Roberts,
vvho had an exleiisiveipractice in the courts of Indiana and
Illinois. He removed to Chicago in 1855, and resumed his
professional duties in that city in connection wdth B. M.
Thomas, the then United States District Attorney of Indi
ana, who subsequently resigned his position and removed
to Chicago, and in 1856 the law firm of Blackman, Thomas
& Roberts vvas formed, wdiich lasted for two years. In
1858 Hon. S. B. Gookiiis resigned his position as a Supreme
Court Judge of Indiana, and removed to Chicago. The
above-named law firm was then reorganized as Gookins,
Thomas & Roberts, and so existed until the dealh of
Thomas in 1S64. Since that dale the copartnership has
been Gookins & Roberts. The junior jiartner has been
variously associated in Ihe jiraclice of law, in Chicago, for
Ihe past Ivvenly years, and has acquired a reputation for in
tegrity and abilily exceUed by few in the profession ; and
his practice is extensive and lucrative in all ils branches.
He has been engaged in a large number of iraportant cases
in the United Slates and Stale courts. He managed the
plaintiff's side in Ihe suit of Fisher vs. Stone, vvhich in
volved not only important questions in law, but also in
matters of science, and in which the leading medical men
of Ihe United Stales were examined. He has also argued
a number of cases befiu'e Ihe Supreme Court at Washing
ton, among which were Case vs. Brown ; Brown vs, Selby
et al.; ^vown vs. Guild. His reputation as a citizen is
above reproach. As a counseUor he is thoroughly lo be

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

relied on, as he fully investigates and prepares his case,
readUy applies authorities, and is, in all respects, a well-in
formed, painstaking lawyer, who can present a case to judge
and jury cleariy, and entirely divested of everything foreign
to the case in question. He vv<as married in 1863 to Har
riet Eliza, daughter of the Rev. Stephen S. Smith, of Mas
sachusetts, vvho died in 1866. He was uniled in marriage
a second tirae to Mrs. Susan M. Slater,. of Chicago, who is
still living.

fADS, JAMES ADAMS, Lawyer, was born in
Harrison counly, Kentucky, February 2d, 1834,
being the son of John and EUen (McMillan)
Eads. He vvas educated at Farmers' College,
near Cincinnati, Ohio, acquiring Ihere, and very
materially by his subsequent studies, a compre
hensive knowledge of the arts and sciences. He com
menced in 1856 his preparations for the profession of law,
al Cynlhiana, Harrison county, Kentucky, and by rare apti
tude and diligence progressed so rapidly that in the fall of
the same year he was admitted to the bar. In March, 1857,
he located at Paris, Edgar county, Illinois, and entered
upon his professional duties, which have exclusively en
gaged his attention ever since. Pie has taken rank with
the leaders of the profession in that section of the State,
and has appeared in very many of the raost iinjiorlant cases
which have claimed the attention of the courts in Edgar
county. He has a large charaber practice, and is consulted
on all leading issues. He is a brilliant advocate, his forensic
efforts being models of rhetoric. He is a fine analyst, ancl
is clear and powerful in presenting evidence to court and
jury. In 1862 he was elecled to the Illinois Constitutional
Convention from Edgar county, and was prominent in secur
ing many needed changes in the organic law of that Slate.
He was married in June, i860, lo Clara M. Munsell, of
Illinois. Pie is a man of fine literary culture, courteous
and affable in his demeanor, and is generally esteem.ed for
his ability as a jurist, and his public sjiirit and social quali
ties as a citizen.

#RANT, ANGUS McNEIL, ex-Judge, President
of the Mount Vernon National Bank, was born
in Christian county, Kentucky, May 25lh, 1812.
His Jiarents, originally of North Carolina, and of
Scotch parentage, settled in Kenlucky in the
early part of the present century. Pie received
in his boyhood an ordinaiy school education, perfected by
a subsequent course of studies in the higher branches of
learning, at Princeton College, in his native Slate. Upon
abandoning definitively student life, he became engaged in
clerking for an uncle, wilh whom he remained for a period
of about four years. Pie vvas afterward occupied in farm
ing and agricultural pursuits, al which he continued until

1836. At this dale he moved to Mount Vernon, Illinois,
and for two years was employed in raerchandising, at the
exjiiration of which lirae he became identified wilh Ihe
hotel business and also with farming operations. In 1867
he abandoned the hotel business, continuing busied vvith
farming, however, until 1872. In this year the organiza
lion of the Mount Vernon National Bank was effected, he
being the prime mover in the enterprise, and to him, by
election, was awarded the presidential chair, which he has
since continued to fill wilh fideUty and abilily. During
the days of the Whig party he was one of its adherents
and supporters, but since its dissolution has been a zealous
and consistent Democrat. In 1837 he was elected Counly
Surveyor, and filled that office for a number of years. He
vvas afterward elected County Judge, but resigned before
the expiralion of his term. He was one of the earliest
pioneers and settlers of Mount Vernon, and is honored as
one of its raost enterprising citizens ; upon his arrival there
vvere but four or five houses in the place, and frora that
tirae to Ihe present he has constantly and ably exerted him
self to aid in securing to it the full development of ils
resources.

ENNINGTON, LOT S., M. D., and Pioneer
Farmer of Illinois, was born in Somerset counly,
New Jersey, November I2lh, 1812. His parents
were Elijah Pennington and Martha (Todd) Pen
nington. His earUer education was acquired
primarily at an academy located in Soraerville,
Soraerset county. New Jersey, and afterward in an educa
tional establishment of Baskingridge, in the same counly
and Slate. At Ihe completion of his probationary course
of sludies he decided to embrace the medical profession, and
prepared himself for it while residing in New Jersey and
in New York city. In 1836, believing that in the West
was lo be founcl a wider field for the profitable exercise of
skill and industry, he removed to Jerseyville, Jersey county,
Illinois, and there entered temporarily upon Ihe active prac
tice of his profession. He went subsequently to Macou
pin counly, .and occupied hiraself professionally, and wilh
success >at Brighton, Woodburn, and Bunker HUl, until
i83g, at wdiich dale he removed lo SterUng, where he prac
tised medicine for one year. In 1840 he purchased a tract
of land, and applied his attention to farming and agricul
tural pursuits. In 1841 he commenced the cultivation of
fruit and ornamental trees, in the fir.st instance vvith a view
to supply his ovvn requirements only ; but that limited
beginning was destined lo undergo a speedy development,
and he ultimately found hiraself in a position to command an
extensive nursery business, and vvhich, in fact, he did sub
sequently carry on for a period of fifteen years, nieeting
with great and merited success. His was the second nur
sery established in northern Illinois, and at the present time
he has over eight hundred acres of the finest land in the

(fl^^, (Pi/n/ruiA^q/tcryu.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

213

State of Illinois, all under high cultivation. He has devoted
the latler portion of his life to scientific farraing and kindred
pursuits, and in apposite knowledge is unsurpassed. The
nursery business, from vvhich he retired in 1855, was encom
passed with innumerable difficulties in this section, in the
earlier days vvhen the country was sparsely settled, and in
alnio.st a primitive and a virgin condition ; the depredations
of swarms of wild rabbits made it all but impossible to pre
serve the trees, while the intensely severe winter of 1842-
43 vvas extremely injurious to all vegetable growth. His
lands were located on the boundary of the prairie, and the
incessantly recurring prairie fires necessitated the constant
exercise of great caution and vigilance ; and it was neces
sary, in order to arrest the progress of such fires, to hedge
the farm about wilh a cordon, or belt of land, thoroughly
ploughed, of two hundred yards in breadth. In 1861 he was
appointed a member of the Board of Supervisors of While-
sides county, in which capacity he has since continued to
act with energy and ability. He vvas married in 1837 to
Ann P. Barnett, daughter of John Barnett, of Brighton ;
she died in 1866. He was again raarried in 1868 to Ruth
A. Morrison, daughter of William and Mary Anne Gall,
and wddow of Dr. William Morrison, of Lancaster counly,
Pennsylvania.

I ISE, ALFRED H., Merchant and Capitalist, was
born in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, October
22d, 1832, his Jiarents being Williara and Han
nah (Speise) Wise. His education was received
in the common schools. In 1848 his parents re
moved to Freeport, Illinois, and seltied upon a
farm, in the labors incident to vvhich he was engaged until
1850, attending school during the winter. In the suraraer
of that year, the railroad not having been completed beyond
Elgin, he entered into a partnership arrangement with
Daniel Powell to run an express and a stage for passengers
frora Freeport to Elgin, and also to Galena and Dubuque.
In 185 1 he separated from Powell, and became associated
with D. H. Sunderland, under the firm-name of A. H.
Wise & Co., in this business, and conducted a daily line to
Rockford, which was profitably continued until 1853, vvhen
the railroad was completed up to Freeport. He then sold
out his interest in this business, and became a clerk in Ihe
grain and produce house of C. J. Marsh & Co., with whora
he remained one year. In 1854 Ihe firm was changed lo
Greenwood & Marsh, and vvhile serving wilh Ihem he became
agent for Manny's reapers. In 1855 he went into partner
ship with Henry II. Taylor, under the name of Taylor &
Wise, for the purpose of canying on the grain and produce
business, and also as jobbers of agricultural implements,
having himself, wdiile with Greenwood & Marsh, embarked
in a limited way in this latler pursuit. Taylor & Wise re
mained in jiartner.ship until the fall of 1857, when Mr. Wise
sold out his interest to Mr. Taylor, and commenced imme

diately, on his own account, in Ihe sale of threshing ma
chines and other agricultural implements. He was soon
appointed agent for RusseU & Co., of MassiUon, Ohio, for
iheir Ihresher, a machine which obt.ained great celebrity
throughout the West, and soon by his energy, enterprise,
and rare executive abilily, secured a large business, which
within a short time grew into enormous proportions. He
continued his trade in general agricultural implements until
1864, when he so far changed its character as to deal ex
clusively in threshers and reapers, removing at Ihe sarae
tirae his place of business to Chicago. In 1865 he returned
to Freeport, retaining only a transfer branch house in Chi
cago, to which place, in 1867, he again removed his office,
remaining until i86g, when he came back lo and finiiUy
settled in Freeport, closing his Chicago house allogether.
In 1873 he retired from active business jiursuits on account
of ill heallh, and turned his attention to the supervision of
fanning and stock-raising. He vvas raarried in 1854 to
Caroline Schofield, of Freejiort. He was for several years
Director of the Second National Bank of Freeport, return
ing in 1873. H^ is a gentieman of generous impulses, of
affable manners, and of rare business qualifications! Bolh
as an enterprising merchant, and <as a public-sjiiriled citizen,
he stands very high in pojiular respect.

LEXANDER, JOHN T., Stock Raiser, was born
Seplember I5lh, 1820, in Western Virginia, and
when but six years old removed to Ohio with
his falher, who engaged in agricultural pursuits.
He enjoyed in his youlh but few opportunities for
securing an education, and was engaged in rough
ing it through the continuous labors incidental lo a farm in
a newly opened country. When thirteen years of age he
becran to assisi his falher, Ihen an extensive drover, in send
ing his cattle to the eastem markets, and from Ihat period
until reaching his twentieth year he passed his time in
driving his father's herds from Ohio, over the AUeghenies,
to Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, and Boston. His
falher suffering then severe reverses in fortune, he deter
mined to go farther West and coramence life upon his own
account. Pie travelled to Sl. Louis, where he was soon
eraployed at a raoderate salary by a firm which at that tirae
transacted the largest live-stock business in th.at section of
the countiy. His eraployers discovering the unusual pre
cision of his judgment in eslim.ating and averaging the
weight of cattie, detiailed him lo travel into the interior to
make purchases, and he served them faithfully and s.alisfac-
lorily for many raonlhs in this capacity. ITe then ended
his service with them, and on a small scale, suitable to his
lirailed means, coramenced lo fallen cattle for the markets
on his own account. For three years he was thus occupied,
gradually increasing his herd until it had reached such pro
portions Ihat he felt justified in setting out as a drover. He

214

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

accordingly took two hundred and fifty head of fat cattle to
Boston, occupying the entire sumraer in driving them to
that market, and sold them at a price which yielded him a
handsorae profit. For Ihree or four years he continued in
this Une of business, and Ihen concluded lo establish a large
stock farm. In 1848 he made his first purchase, buying a
tract of land in Morgan county, Illinois, for $3 per acre,
which is now worlh $100 per acre. This tract, which Ues
ten miles from Jacksonville, on Ihe Toledo, Wabash and
Western Railroad, became soon under his management one
of the most valuable slock farms in the State. He made it
the site of his residence, and by gradual additions has en
larged his possessions in this section until now they cover
six thousand acres. Soon after his original purchase in
1848 he slocked his farm vvith cattle purchased mainly in
Missouri, and within a few years was the owner of the
largest herds in the Stale. By judicious purchases and
sales he acquired a very large fortune, part of which he un
fortunately lost in the years 1854-55 by reason of tiie great
expense of keeping his slock, occasioned by the severe
droughts, which killed the crops, and the unusual decline
in market prices. In 1856 he was remarkably successful
in all his ventures, clearing in that year $60,000. In i85g
he fattened fifteen thousand head of choice cattie, for which
he obtained a ready sale in the large eastern cities ; but the
closing of this year's operations indicated, what very few
su.spected, that his losses overbalanced the value of his
entire estate. . Upon Ihe breaking out of the rebellion
great inducements vvere offered slock raisers by the heavy
decline iu prices in Missouri, occasioned by the insecure
tenure of all personal property. By taking advantage of
this opportunity for cheap purchases Mr. Alexander com
pletely retrieved his lost fortune, and at the close of the
rebellion was a raillionaire. He subsequentiy bought the
"Sullivant" farra, of twenty-six thousand acres, afterwards
called " Broad Lands," situated on the Toledo, Wabash and
Western Railroad, in Charapaign counly, Illinois, in order
to have all the necessary faciUties for handling vaster herds
of cattie. He experienced .soon after raany reverses, losing
many cattle by Spanish fever, and large suras of money
by the repudiation of certain railroad contracts for ship
ments. His losses in one year aggregated $350,000. These
misfortunes produced a crisis in his affairs, and by a failure
to sell his " Broad Lands," for vvhich the agreements had
been partially drawn up, he was compelled lo assign his
entire estate for the benefit of his creditors. Notwithstand
ing the fact that his liabilities exceeded $1,200,000, his
estate paid his creditors dollar for dollar. Pie is now the
owner of his " home " farm of six thousand acres, com
posed of the most arable land in the Slate, two thousand
acres of which are yeariy jilanted vvith corn. The remain
ing four thousand acres are used for Ihe pasturnge of a herd
of from two thousand to three thousand cattle, and his
stock is regarded as the finest in the West. He requires
for his farra labor forty yoke of oxen and eighty horses and

raules. He is a man of large means and of generous im
pulses. He is lall and commanding in appearance, sanguine
in temperamenl, and unassuming in manner. He has the
possession of fine social qualities, and is conscientious in all
his business Iransaciions. These trails have secured for
him the respect of Ihe entire community, and the confidence
of merchants throughout the country. He married Mary
Dewees, of Morgan counly, Illinois, by whom he has had
five children ; three daughters and two sons.

ORSE, JOHN M., M.D., was bom October 13th,
1823, in Bethel, Vermont, being the son of Calvin
and Elvira (Moody) Morse. He received his
early education iti the common schools, and sup
plemented il wilh a thorough academical course,
which carried hira through many of the higher
branches of learning. Being a student by nature, he ap
plied the greater portion of his spare hours to reading, and
earlier than most young men obtained a very thorough and
comprehensive knowledge of the arts and sciences. He
selected the medical as the profession of his choice, and
commenced his prejiaratory studies under Professor Walker
Carpenter, vvho for ihe past twenty-five years has filled
ihe chair of Theory and Practice in the Vermont University.
These sludies were comraenced in 1846, and sleadUy and
profitably carried on for two years, when Dr. Morse, entered
upon Ihe jirescribed course in the Vermont Medical College
at Woodstock, from which, in June, 1850, he graduated
with distinction. He began lo practise in the towns in
Windsor counly, Vermont, and met wilh encouraging suc
cess. Anticipating, however, that the best and most lucra
tive field vvas in the West, he reraoved from Vermont lo
Galesburg, Illinois, in 1854. Here he set out at once upon
his professional career, which has been maintained lo the
present time. Fcr about one year he was associated wilh
the late Dr. John W. Spalding, and for the eight subsequent
years with Dr. Jaraes Bunce. Pie is a prominent meraber
of the IlUnois Stale and Araerican Medical Associations.
For the past six years he has been a raember of the Board
of Supervisors of Knox counly, Illinois, in which he has
always occupied a most prominent position and exercised a
powerful influence. In other civil and private capacities
he has shown himself lo be a capable and an irreproachable
citizen. He is a leading practitioner, and is distinguished
not only for his skill, but for the constant personal at
tention which he pays to the cases in which he is called
lo act. In politics he has always been a Democrat. Dur
ing Ihe war he was a firm supporter of Mr. Lincoln
in his measures for Ihe suppression of llie rebellion, and
for Ihe re-establishnient of the Union upon a sound basis.
Pie was married December 14th, 1851, lo. Sarah Marsh,
a native of Vermont, who sliU lives, his devoted help
meet.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

215

I AITE, HON. HORACE F., Lawyer, was born in
Lyme, New London county, Connecticut, March
15th, 1824. His parents were Horace Waite and
Martha (Raymond) Waite. His uncle, Henry
M. Waite, father of the present Chief-Justice of
the United States Supreme Court, was at one time
Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of Connecticut. His
faraily and its various members are well known in this
country, especially in Connecticut and the other sections of
New England, and it has jiroduced many successful lawyers
and noted jurists. As eariy as 1648 Thomas Wayte — Ihe
narae being then spelled with a " y " — acted as one of the
judges to King Charles I., and his signature ajipears to the
faraous warrant for the execution of Ihat misguided and un
fortunate monarch. Any one curious to see a fac simile of
this document can find it in Smollett's " Histoiy of Eng
land," in the London edition of 1754. His inimediate
connections begin with Thomas Waite, who settled in
Lyme, Connecticut, in 1677, where portions of the family
have ever since continued to reside, and vvhich they look
upon as their general family home. When in his childhood
his parents reraoved with hira to Lucas county, Ohio, and
his earlier and preparatory education was acquired at the
Marietta College, whence he entered the Ohio University,
where he was noted for his acumen and power of grasping
both detail and generalization. Upon the completion of
his collegiate course he decided to embrace thedegal jiro
fession, ^nd entered the law office of his cousin, the present
Chief-Justice Waite, under whose supervision and able
guidance he was prepared for the bar. Soon after being
admitted to practice, believing that in the West vvas to be
found a wider field for the profitable exercise of skill and
energy, he removed to Chicago, Illinois, arriving in that
city in December, 1851. He becarae primarily a member
of the law firm of Shumway, Waite & Towne, and succes
sively of Ihat of Waite - & Towne and Waite, Towne &
Clark, now Waite & Clark. He has a veiy extensive lavv
practice in the different branches of his profession, is a val
ued member of Ihe Bar Association, and stands high in the
estiraation of his colleagues and feUow-citizens. In 1870,
iraraediately on his return frora Europe, he was nominated
as the candidate of the Republican party for the General
Assembly of the State, was elected, and served as a raeraber
of the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth General Assem
blies. In the former he served on the Judiciary Committee
and on the Committee on Railroads ; he officiated also as
Chairraan of the Coramittee on Municipalities, and in that
capacity conducted hiraself wilh marked ability and unerring
judgraent. In the Twenty-eighth General Assembly he
was Chairman and an influential member of the Committee
for County and Township Organization. In 1872 he was
elected to the State Senate, from the Sixth Illinois District,
for the term of four years, and in that capacity is still serv
ing. His record as a legislator is above taint or suspicion,
and in the fulfilment of the many important duties assigned

to him he has left no room for cavil or reproach. He has a
keen perception of the legislation needed to subserve the
best interests of the State and his constituents, and gives lo
this character of legislation his warmest sujiporl. As in the
court room and the counsellor's office, so also in the halls
of the Legislature, he takes a prominent position aniong the
leading spirits, and by his scholarly attainments and innate
strength of character adds daily to the lustre of his reputa
tion as law-maker and law-expounder. He vvas marned,
February 14th, 1853, to Jane E. Garfield, formerly a resi
dent of Lee, Massachusetts.

TKINS, BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL SMITH
D., Lawyer, Soldier, and Journalist, was born
June gth, 1835, near Elmira, Chemung counly.
New York, and removed to Illinois with his
father's faniily in 1848, living on a farm until
1850. He then entered the office of The Prairie
Democrat to learn the art of printing. This was the first
paper jiublished in Freeport. He was educated at Rock
River Seminary, Mount Monis, Illinois, working in the
printing office and studying during his spare hours, and in
1852 obtained the foremanship of the Mount Morris Gazette
while yet a student. In June, 1853, associated with C. C.
Allen, late Major on the staff of Major-General Schofield,
he bought out this paper, and established the Register at
Savannah, Carroll counly. In the fall of the sarae year he
entered the office of Herain Bright, in Freeport, as a student
at law, and vvas admitted to practice June 27, 1855. After
his admission he continued lo read law for some lime in the
office of Goodrich & Scoville, Chicago, and then entered
upon his Jiraclice in Freeport, daiing his entry into Ihe
active duties of his high profession Sejitember isl, 1856.
In i860 he made a spirited canv.ass for the election of Lin
coln to Ihe Presidency, and one address of his, delivered in
Ihis campaign, which was a careful and thorough review of
Ihe Dred Scott decision, went through several editions. He
vvas elecled .State's Attorney of the Fourteenth Judicial
Circuit of Illinois, and on April 17th, 1861, while trying a
criminal case in Stephenson Circuit Court, a telegram was
received stating that President Lincoln had issued his first
caU for troops to suppress the rebellion. He immediately
drafted .in the court room an enlistment roll which hc
headed wdth his own name, being Ihe first man to enlist as
a jirivate soldier in his counly. He then announced to the
eourt and the jury his decision to jirepare without delay for
service in the Union anny. Leaving the half-finished case
in the hands of a brother attorney, he hastened out of the
court room with his enlistment roll, and went into Ihe
streets of Freeport to find men to join. Before dusk one
hundred had signed the roll, and in the evening a comjiany
organization was fornied wdlh hira in the position of Captain.
He and his coinpanions-in-amis went lo Sjiringfield, vvhere

2l6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

they were mustered in as Company A ofthe nth Illinois
Volunteers. Upon the expiration of his three months' ser
vice he re-enlisted for three years as a private, and was again
mustered in as Captain of Company A nth Illinois Volun
teers, at Bird's Point. He was at Fort Donelson, with the
unexpired order of leave of absence on account of sickness
in his pocket, when the command of "Forward" was
given. He took sixty-eight men into this desperate engage
ment, and came out wilh but twenty-three left, having been
in the very thickest of the carnage. For gallant services at
Fort Donelson he was promoted to the position of Major of
the nth Regiment, and went on the staff of General Hurl
burt as Acting Assistant Adjutant-General by the special
assignment of General Grant, and in that capacity was en
gaged with Huriburt in the battie of Pittsburgh Landing ;
his bravery and conspicuous services securing special men
tion in the general orders after that fight. Ill health,
brought on by exhausting labors and exposure, corapelled
his resignation after the affair of Pittsburgh Landing, and he
spent the two subsequent months on the sea coast. He re
cruited in lime to take the sturap to raise troops under the
call of 1862, and enlisted the g2d Illinois Regiment, which
was mustered in, with hiraself as Colonel, on Septeraber
4th, 1862. He was in command of this regiment until Jan
uary 17th, 1863, vvhen he vvas placed in comraand of a
brigade. While the g2d was at Mount Sterling, Kentucky,
Colonel Atkins being in charge of il, a grave issue arose.
It was the first Yankee regiment vvhich had visited that
section, and hundreds of slaves flocked to its camp begging
for protection and oflering their services or their blood for
freedom. They refused to retum to their masters, and when
their owners deraanded thera as chattels Colonel Atkins
declined to entertain the peremptoiy request that his force
should be used to drive thera back. The owners appealed
lo the coramander of the brigade — a Kentuckian — who
ordered Atkins to return the slaves, but the latter persist
ently declined to do this and never did, his reasons being
that he was not responsible for the escapade of the slaves,
and that his men had not enlisted to act in the capacity of
blood-hounds to hunt thera down and drive them back.
On June 17th, 1863, he vvas placed in the conimand of the
.Second Brigade, Third Division, Array of Kentucky, vvhich
he coraraanded while in the Department of the Ohio.
When the g2d Regiment was removed to the Dejiartment
of the Curaberland he vvas placed in command of the First
Brigade, First Division of ihe Reserve Corps; and vvhen the
regiment was mounted and transferred lo Wilder's Brigade
of Mounted Infantry, he accompanied and comraanded it
until transferred to Kilpalrick's Cavalry Division. When
General Kilpatrick reforraed his division preparatory lo Ihe
great march with Shennan, he assigned Ihe command of the
second brigade to Colonel Atkins. When Sherman ad
vanced southward he aimed to throw his army between the
rebel forces and Savannah. The task of deceiving the
eneray and holding them vvhile this raoveraent was being

effected was given by Kilpatrick to Colonel Atkins and his
brigade, and he skilfully accomplished it. At Clinton he
charged the enemy and drove them fourteen miles to Macon.
He assaulted their lines about the city and forced them into
their works, and held thera there until Sherman swept to the
eastward, leaving him with the enemy in his rear, and
nothing before him to impede his rapid progress. In all
the engageraents in which he participated vvith his brigade
Colonel Atkins greatiy distinguished himself, and especially
so at Wagnersboro', where Wheeler and his cavalry were
overwhelmingly defeated. While leading the charge of his
troops against the rebel columns, his color-bearer was shot
down by his side, and his brigade flag attracted the atten
tion of the enemy, vvho poured in upon it their concentrated
fire. In this terrific storm of leaden hail he wore a charmed
life, leading jirominentiy in the van and cheering on his
troops to victory. At Savannah he was brevetted Brigadier-
General for gallantry, and at the close of the -war, when he
vvas mustered out, he was brevetted Major-General for
faithful and important services. In all his stations as a
commanding officer he was popular wdth bolh the rank and
file. He was a perfect disciplinarian, and vvas kind and
considerate to the men under hira. His courage and his
judgraent as a strategist won their confidence, and they
readily and heartily supported him wherever he went.
After his military services he retm-ned to Freeport, where
he has since resided. He is the editor of the Freeport
Journal, which he ably conducts, and is the Postmaster of
the city. His entire career has been oneof great activity
and of great benefit to his fellow-citizens, who hold him in
the highest respect. He is a gentleman of cultivated tastes
and engaging manners, and interesls himself in all move
raents for the intellectual and material improvement of the
people of the community in which he resides.

KINNER, HON. ONIAS C, Lawyer, was born in
Floyd, Oneida counly. New York, in 1817, his
parents being Onias and Tirza (BeU) Skinnerl
His elementary education was acquired at the
academy in Whitestown, Oneida county, which he
left in his fifteenth year. Subsequently, during a
period covering several years, he was variously engaged in
Philadelphia and New York. In 1836 he emigrated to the
West, settling finally in Peoria county, Illinois, where he
became occupied in agricultural pursuits. In 1838 he de
cided upon entering the legal profession, and commenced
his preparatory studies at Greenville, Darke county, Ohio,
under Ihe able instruction of General Hiram Bell, who was
afterward a member of Congress. In 1 840 he was adraitted
to the bar of Ohio, and at once formed a partnership con
nection wilh his former preceptor. He practised at Green
ville during the ensuing eighteen months, and rapidly
secured a remunerative clientage. At the expiration of that

/

/

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

217

time he returned to Illinois and established his residence at
Carthage, the counly seat of Hancock county, where he re
mained until 1844, when he removed to Quincy, in the same
State. During the progress of the celebrated Mormon war
in that section he acted in the cajiacily of Aide-de-Camp to
Govemor Ford until General Hardin arrived on Ihe field
and took personal command of the forces called for its sup
pression. In 1848 he vvas elected to the State Legislature
from the counties of Adams and Brown, and for a brief
period, by gubernatorial appointraent, he filled the position
of Stale's Attorney. As a raeraber of the Legislature during
the sessions of l84g and 1850, he fulfilled all the duties de
volving upon hira with abilily ancl energy, and by his bold
advocacy of needed reforms through legislative enactment,
took immediate r.aiik wilh the representative men of the
Stale. In 1851 he vvas elecled Judge of the Fifth Judicial
Circuit, eonijirising the counties of Adaras, Brown, Macdon-
ough, Hancock, Henderson, and Mercer, and in 1854 was
elecled one of the Justices of the Suprerae Court of IlUnois,
a position which he resigned in 1857. He then resumed
his legal jiraclice at Quincy, associating vvith him in partner
ship his present colleague, W. Marsh. He was chosen a
member of the Constitutional Convention of the State in
1870, and filled in that body the iraportant office of Chair
man of the Committee on Judiciary, for which his knowledge
derived from his career bolh as an advocate and judge espe
cially fitted him. He has been prominently identified wilh
various important railroad interests. He was President of
the Quincy & Carthage Railroad, and built ils line. This
road is now consolidated wdth the Chicago, Burlington &
Quincy R.ailroad. In many olher enterprises of kindred
nature he took a prorainent and active interest. To his
effective aid is largely due the establishraent of that railroad
system which has achieved for the Northwest the present
wonderi'iil prosjierity which it enjoys. During the past
twenty-five years he has been extensively engaged in agri
cultural pursuits of large and increasing proportions. His
legal practice, bolh in the Stale and Federal courls, has
been varied and extensive, and, owing to the jiroper exer
cise of a tireless energy and to abilities of no common order,
has met vvith unusual success. Although warmly interested
in all that affects the political status of Illinois, and a close
observer of the constant variations in party theories, actions,
and princijiles, he has had enough independence of charac
ter to prevent his control by any political organization. As
a member of the Legislature he faithfully guarded the com
mon interests of the people, ably advocated such action as
was needed to develop the resources of Ihe Slate and ad
vance the social and raaterial interests of its citizens, and
often intervened to prevent special grants of authority which
tended towards the benefit of the few at the expense of the
raany. While upon the bench he executed Ihe lavv with
wisdora and impartial bias. His decisions were pointed
and conclusive, and were always admired for their faultless
and unbiased: presentation of law and fact.. He received.
28

but one parly noraination, though often elected to positions
of grave resjionsibility. Plis prorainence as a leader and a
jurist, and his widespread reputation in the State of IlUnois,
is attributable not only to his po.ssession of a high order of
innate talent, developed by thorough and persistent study,
but also to his unvarying rectitude and uprightness in all
transactions — social, political, and professional — both in
public capacities and private relations. While carefully
avoiding chimerical enterprises and visionary schemes, he is
a jirompt and vigorous mover and agent in all improvements
and affairs which, resting on solid bases, promise a reason
able degree of success. Alone, and in corapany with other
prorainent men of Quincy and other localities, he has been
effectively iii.slruraental in fostering and developing the re
sources — natural and acquired — of his adopted section, and
has been interested in many enterprises having for an end
the increase of its prosperity. He was manied at Green
ville, Ohio, in 1843, to Adeline McCormas Dorsey, daugh
ter of Judge Jaraes M. Dorsey. She died in 1849. He
was again married in 1 853 to Sarah Harris Wilton, daughter
of Henry Wilton, of Wrightsville, York county, Pennsyl
vania, who died in 1861. The issue of this raarriage was a
daughter — Maud W. — who in 1875 became the wife of
Playden Humphrey, of Warsaw, New York. Mr. Skinner
was again married, in 1865, lo Helen M. Cooley, widow, of
the late Hon. Horace S. Cooley, who, at the time of his de
cease, was Secretaiy of State of Illinois.

ISSELL, JOSIAH H., Lawyer, was born, June ist,
1845, in Ihe city of Rochester, New York, and is
a son of Colonel Josiah W. BisseU, who served
wdth distinction during the rebellion as Colonel
of Engineers of the West, and was prorainent in
the capture of " Island No. Ten," in the Missis
sippi river, April 7th, 1862. His mother was a daughter of
Horace Hooker, of Rochester, New York, and a very
prominent citizen of that place. He vvas prepared for col
lege at Rochester, and entered the university there in Sep
lember, 1861. In the foUowing year he left college and
accepted a position as Lieutenant in an engineer regiraent
of Ihe West, and was engaged thereafter in most of the
engineering operations of the army until after the fall of
Vicksburg. He Ihen resigned and entered the same class
at Yale College, graduating there in 1865, taking at com
mencement the second oration. Having selected the law
as his future profession he became a student in the office of
Hon. H. R. Selden, of Rochester, and in December, 1867,
was admitted to the bar, and iramediately afterward com
menced Jiractice in Ihat city. He removed to Chicago in
January, l86g, where he continued his professional duties
and has remained there ever since. In July, 1870, he was
appointed by Hon. D. Davis and plon. Thomas Drummond
the official reporter for the United Slates District and Cir-

2l8

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

cuit Courts for the
States of Indiana,
lished already five
These reports are
ences which give
generally regarded

Seventh Judicial Circuit, embracing the
Illinois, and Wisconsin. He has pub-
volumes of cases thereto appertaining.
accompanied with foot notes and refer-
an additional value to his works. He is
as a rising young man in the profession.

^aOOLD, CHARLES H., Banker, was born in
Chtirchville, Moore county. New York, July i6lh,
1816, being Ihe son of Henry L. Goold, a clothier.
His early education was obtained raainly in the
coraraon schools of his neighborhood. He quilted
them, however, when quite young, to engage as a
clerk in the dry-goods business in Genesee counly. New
York, remaining in this capacity until the year 1841. He
then took a stock of goods successively to Louisiana ; to
Hannibal, Missouri; to Rock Island, Illinois; and Flint,
Michigan ; making sales at each place and then moving on
to other sections. These ventures, raainly, were in the in
teresls of other persons vvho eraployed him, and their result
vvas generally satisfactory. His early career proved him to
possess business talent of no common order, and the experi-
enqe vvhich daily he gained in the discharge of weighty
responsibilities placed upon hira by his erajiloyers rendered
his subsequent and self-conducted mercantile career one of
profit and honor. In 1845 he moved to Leraont, Illinois,
and entered the service of contractors engaged in construct
ing the Illinois & Michigan Canal, and in November of the
same year went to Morris, remaining in the same connection
until that great public iraproveraent was completed. In
1846 he was married to Laura A. Baker, of Genesee
counly. New York. In the following year he entered mer
cantUe business in Morris, in company with John P. Chapin,
of Chicago, and erecled the first warehouse and the first
slore of any size in that town, and bought the first grain
which vvas ever shijiped from il. For a time he served .as
Postmaster of Morris. After continuing the grain business
for four years with much success, he sold out his interest
and was led by circujnstances into a regular land and real
estate business, in vvhich he has engaged ever since. There
are probably few men in Illinois wdio have conveyed more
land than he has. He has become one of the most promi
nent insurance men of the Stale, having been Ihe first lo
issue a policy in the town of Morris. He has been, ever
since its organizalion, a stockholder and officer in the
(Jrundy County National Bank, and in 1871 became its
Presideni, retaining th.at position at present. Pie is one of
the School Trustees of Morris, and Presideni of the Morris
Bridge Corapany. There are no enterprises for the im
provement of that place or ils county which have not re
ceived his hearty co-operation and supporl. He has acquired
an ample fortune by industry alone. His prosperity is the
result, not of any adventitious aid, but of business enterprise

conducted wilh skill and care. Pie is a man who has car
ried his business activity into public life, and has by his
wise counsel and his practical sujiport done much to im
prove the raaterial prosperity of the place of his residence.
pie is generally respected for his capacity as a merchant and
banker, and for those social qualities which always lend a
charm to his presence in the affairs of jirivate life.

TEARNS, OWEN E., Homoeopathic Physician,
was born in the town of Phelps, Ontario county,
Nevv York, August 20lh, 1827, his parents being
Joel and Nancy (Edmonston) Stearns. He was
educated at the Phelps High School, and upon
leaving this institution commenced the study of
medicine, for the practice of which he developed early an
inclination. He entered the Homoeopathic Medical College
of Cleveland, Ohio, pursued its full course, and graduated
with a fine record in 1850. In the spring of the following
year he removed lo Freeport, Illinois, where he began his
practice and soon acquired a substantial reputation for skill
and efficiency, and secured a very large and lucrative patron
age. He was subsequently elected Vice-President of the
first Homoeopathic Medical Society of northem Illinois,
being Ihen quite young in the profession. He has at all
times a deep interest in moveinents for promoting and jicr-
fecling the existing sysleras of popular education, and is now
President of the Board of Education of Freeport, having
been a raember of this body six years. In a very great
measure to his efforts is due the high standard attained by
the schools ofthal city. Bolh professionally and socially he
stands in high estimation, and ever since his residence in
Freeport has been regarded as one of its leading citizens.
He is one of the senior practitioners of that place, and ihe
success of his labors has to a very large degree popularized
the system of homoeopathy.

(C(3?fOHNSON, HON. MADISON Y., was born in
J' Green counly, Ohio, January 7th, 181 7. His
Al parents vvere Dr. Joseph John.son, Professor of
Medicine and Dean of the Faculty of Sl. Louis
College, and Plannah (Adair) Johnson, bolh of
whom vvere natives of Virginia. He was educated
at Ihe St. Louis University, and was admitled to the bar in
November, i83g, at Louisville, Kentucky. After practising
in Ihis Slate for a brief period he removed to Illinois in
1842 and settled at Shawneetown. In 1843 he went lo
Galena, vvhere he has since permanently resided. For
raany years he has been occupied by a very extensive busi
ness, and as a defending lawyer in criminal cases has been
especially successful. He is jirominent and influential in
political affairs, but has never held any office but that of

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

2ig

Presidential Elector, although at different times nominated
for several important positions — once as Governor of the
State — all of which he has declined. During the war he
w,as importantly identified vvith all the peace measures. He
was the author of Ihe Peace Resolution passed at one of the
largest raass meetings ever held during Ihe war, at the State
capitol ; and as a part of the history of the country, and ptir-
ticularly as embodying his views, it is deserving of record in
this connection :
Resolved, That Ihe further . offensive prosecution of Ihe
war lends to subvert the Constitution and governnienl, and
entail upon the nation all the disastrous consequences of
misrule and anarchy. That we are in favor of peace upon
the basis of a restored Union, and for the accomplishment
of vvhich we jiropose a national convention to settle upon
terms of peace vvhich shall have in view the restoration of
the Union as it was, and the securing by constitutional
amendments such rights to the States, and the people
thereof, as honor and justice demand.
Such movements, and his known opinions in such matters,
led 10 his arrest in August, 1862, and he vvas confined, first
in the Inner Temple, and later in Fort Lafayette. He was
subsequently removed to the House of Detention, New
York, and then to Fort Delaware. The arrest aroused con
siderable feeling in the .State, and through the influence of
his friends he was at length released unconditionally. Ira
mediately after his discharge he entered an action against
those connected with the arrest, which' resulted in his own
vindication and their condemnation, and in addition to this,
a confession was spread on the records of the injustice of
the arrest. In 1873 he organized and proraoted the estab
lishraent of the Galena & Southern Wisconsin Railroad
Company. The line extends from Galena lo Platteville,
and is intended lo be completed as far as Madison, Wiscon
sin, in order to reach the zinc raines of Ihat .Slate, and to
jilace Galena directiy in the roule'of traffic to this raineral-
beiring region of the Northwest. Pie was ils President
during Ihe construction of the road, and has since taken a
warra interest in its prosperity and successful raanageraent.
He is a lawyer of unusual capability, and has conducted to
successful issues many cases of peculiar difficulty and ira-
jiortance.

jfJOUGHTON, HORACE HOSKINS, Printer, Jour
nalist, and Postmaster of Gftlena, vvas born in
Springfield, Vermont, October 26th, 1806. At
(r,^-f\J' the age of six years' he was left fatherless and in
^ ty poverty. From his ninth lo his eighteenth year
he lived with Enos Brown, a farmer, whom he
served faithfully, and who vvas a faithful friend to hira. In
October, 1824, he went to Woodstock, Verraont, to learn
the printing business of Rufus Colton, the publisher of the
Woodstock Overseer. There he worked as an apprentice
for three years, receiving as conipensalion his board and
fifty dollar.4 per annum. In 1827 his apprenticeship expired,

and he secured employraent as journeyman printer for
Richard Boylston, at Amherst, New Hampshire. In the
spring of 1828 a proposition vvas made to him to take
charge of the Vermont Statesman, at Castleton, Vemionl.
On arriving there he found that the office had been disposed
of to a Mr. Bush, and he decided to proceed to Nevv York
city. Pie there secured work al once in the office of Harper
& Brothers, wdiere he reniained for several raonlhs. He
was then employed on the old Central Gazette of Lang &
Turner. It was a morning paper, and the work was per
formed chiefly in the night, and for this reason he soon
after relinquished his position in its office. He then worked
in Boston, and in September, 1828, had another invitation
to go to Castleton and take charge of the Statesman, accepted
it, and controlled its publication until 1834. He was then,
as he has ever since been, a conscientiously ardent politician,
vvas an enthusiastic and inflexible supporter of Henry Clay
and his party, and " would have sunk his own personal
existence if that would have elecled him to the Presidency
in 1832." He rapidly became an influential leader of
Jiolitical opinion, and where his paper circulated Ihe locality
espoused Republicanisra wilh noted earnestness. He was
in all probability the first one who conceived the idea of
jirinting the first sides of a newspaper at sorae central point,
and sending the sheets so prepared to be published in olher
places. In that way he published the 'Vermont Statesman ;
the Rutland Herald ; the Voice of the People, at his native
town, Springfield ; the American, al Middlebury ; and Ihe
Gazette, at Vergennes, at the same time. His idea in this
was to lessen the expense of the business of publishing
iiewspapers in country towns, to give the readers more news,
both general and local, and to thus neutralize in a measure
the overpowering force of the city papers of New York in
that section of the counlry. In 1834 he took vvith him to
New York a power printing press, some parts of which were
and have since been of great value to his craft. It was the
first printing press ever seen in New York with the con
trivance attached of throwing cff the sheet after il was
j'rlnted, by means of fi-iigers, novv attached to all the large
power presses. By means of that invention Ihe Adaras
Power Press becarae a complete book press, and the Hoe
machine and olher cylinder presses were greatly iraproved.
While residing in New York he forraed a resolution to re
raove to the West,- and being wdlhout money — his invention
procuring him no pecuniary recorapense — he travelled on
foot from this city to Philadelphia, where, hovvever, he
failed to secure employment. Hc thence walked to Down
ingtown, where he found vvork, and laid aside sufficient
money lo meet his current expenses on the long journey of
some five or six hundred miles to Marietta, on Ihe Ohio
river, a distance which he traversed afoot. Pie went by the
vvay of Baltimore, Harper's Ferry, and the National road.
On his arrival al Marietta he found himself in possession of
sufficient funds to ]iay his jiassage in a steamboat lo Cincin
nati, where he worked at his trade until the ensuing spring.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

He Ihen moved to Louisville, but disliking Ihe almosjihere
of slaveiy, jia.ssed on to Sl. Louis, vvhere he found employ
ment in the office of the Missouri Republican. He subse
quently removed to Galena, Illinois, and there engaged in
mining for lead at Nevv Diggings. In Ihe foUowing fall he
returned to Galena to prepare a syphon with which to take
off the water from some ranges in the vicinity. Sylvester
M. Bartlett was at that lime sujijiorting in his jiaper — the
Northwestern Gazette and Galena Advertiser — Hugh E.
AVhite, of Tennessee, for the Presidency. Harrison and
Webster also were candidates, and Mr. Bartlett vvas about
to change Ihe jiolitical tone of his paper to that of neutrality.
Van Buren was then the Democr.atic candidate, and against
him Henry A. Wise, of Virginia, delivered in Congress a
powerful and scathing philippic. " I told Mr. Bartiett that
I vvould set up that speech in type wdlhout charge if he
would publish it. He assented, and Ihe effect was such that
nothing more vvas ever he.ard about neutrality of the
Gazette." Soon after this event he became associated with
Mr. Bartlett as part proprietor of the Gazette, becoming
ultimately, by the payment of $1500, as he thought, sole
owner and controller. An irregularity in the transaction,
hovvever, corapelled hira subsequently to pay a sura exceed-
irig in araount the conipen.sation received by Mr. Bartlett.
In 1842 he sold the Gazette office to W. C. E. Thoraas, now
of Green Bay, accepting a mortgage on the sarae for a pari
of his pay. In the following year he reassuraed the control
of the paper, and in 1848 w,as again its sole proprietor, and
remained connected with it, as whole or part owner, until
1863, when he disposed of his entire interest lo Brown &
Shaw. He was subsequently a resident for some time of
the Pacific slope, returning finally to Galena, where he tera
porarily resuraed his old occupation of printing. At the
present tirae he is postmaster of Galena, and one of the most
widely known and respected men in Joe Daviess county
and the surrounding region. Of him it was said in " Har
per's Mag.azine" of April, 1866: "There appeared aniong
the miners, in the spring of 1835, H. H. Houghton, a
printer from Vemionl, who has since made his impress upon
the mining region as editor of the Northwestern Gazette and
Galena Advertiser. Commencing his career 'prospecting
as a miner,' he ' drifted ' into the editorial chair, which he
has occupied (1866) since the autumn of 1835, and is thus
the oldest editor in the State of Illinois, respected for his
ability and his private virtues."

, ANBORN, WILLIAM A., Banker, was bom in
Cattaraugus county. New York, January 13th,
1832. His parents were Joseph T. Sanborn and
Annie B. (Blaisdell) Sanbom. He received a
common school education. In 1852 he went lo
Chicago, and in the fall of the same year returned
to New York. In 1853 he again moved West to La Salle,

Illinois. He vvas here engaged in the service ofthe Illinois
Central Railroad Company on the construction of their road,
and on ils completion went to Chicago. In the sumraer of
1854 he finally settled in Sterling. Here he again worked
for the railroad contractors, and afterwards on the building
of the dam across the Rock river at this point. In 1855 he
established himself in business in partnership with Thoraas
M. Russy, opening a grain warehouse and dealing in coal,
and also running an express. Pie soon bought out his part
ner's interest, and then continued the business alone until
1864. Pie had previously (in i860) also established a small
banking business, which grew until in 1864 he finally quit
the grain and coal business and devoted hiraself exclusively
to banking. He continued the private bank until 1 87 1, in
which year it was merged in the First National Bank of
Sterling, in which he became Cashier. He was the first
City Treasurer of SterUng, and held the office for several
years. He also served as .School Director for eleven years.
In i860 he was married to Helen McCune, of SterUng, who
died in 1 87 1.

f|ORRAIN, JOHN, Secretary and Director of Ihe
(^ Galena & Southern Wisconsin Railroad Company,

was bom July 29lh, 1812, in Gerraantown, Penn
sylvania, being the son of John and Lydia (Shew-
ell) Lorrain. His father, a French Huguenot,
vvas a prorainent dry-goods merchant of Philadel
phia, and his mother's father, Stephen .Shewell, was a heavy
shipping merchant of the same city. An aunt of his mother
married Benjarain West, the celebrated historical and
Scriptural painter, and a sister of his mother became the
wife of Leigh Hunt, the author. He was educated in Ger
mantown, and upon leaving school, about the year 1829, he
became Assistant Engineer on the Germantown Railroad.
In 1830 he was engaged in laying out the Beaver Meadow
Railroad from Beaver Meadow to Mauch Chunk. Subse
quently he surveyed twenty-seven thousand acres of land for
Paul Beck, and after this surveyed sixty-one thousand acres
near Pottsville for Stephen Girard. In 1832 he came to
Galena, Illinois, and becarae a clerk in a store. He parti
cipated in the Black Hawk war during the same year. In
1838 he entered into business on his own account as a
wholesale grocer, and continued it until 1858, when he pur
chased the Galena Gas Works, of which he is now half
owner. He still manages~these works. He is .Secretary
and Director of the Narrow Gauge, or Galena & Southern
Wisconsin Railroad Company, and is extensively engaged
in lead mining, being part owner of the Illinois & Wisconsin
Mining Company. For more than forty years he has been
connected with mining operations, and has himself been
actively engaged in it. Pie is a man of large means, of
keen business qualifications, and of irreproachable charac
ter.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

UFORD, GENERAL JOHN, ofthe United States
Array, was born at Versailles, Kenlucky, March
4lh, 1826, being the son of Colonel John Buford,
who removed to Rock Island, Illinois, and be
came a member of the State Senate. In 1844 he
vvas sent by his falher to West Point, from which
he graduated in 1848, and entered the cavalry service. He
had for this service a decided preference, and distinguished
himself in his career as a soldier. Pie was jiroraoted in
the 2d Dragoons, now the 2d Regiraent of United States
Cavalry. Intellectually and physically, he was destined to
attain honorable eminence in his chosen profession. In
early youth he was a splendid horseman, an unerring rifle
shot, and a person of wonderful nerve and composure. He
served under General Plasing as First Lieutenant and
Quartermaster on his Sioux expedition in 1855, and dis
tinguished himself in the action of Blue Water. At the
breaking out of the lale Rebellion he vvas Captain in the
2d Dragoons, stationed in Utah. He retumed East wilh
his troop in 1861, under orders to report at Washington,
District of Columbia. He was then made Assistant In
spector-General, with the rank of Major, in vvhich capacity
he served until July, 1862, when his superior abilities for a
cavalry coraraand caused him to be proraoted to Brigadier-
General in command of a brigade of cavalry in the army
of Virginia. In less than ten days after his elevation he
gallantly led his troops into battle at Madison Court House,
Virginia. After a series of successful engagements, he was
made Chief of Cavalry of the Array of the Potomac. This
occurred in September, 1862. He engaged in the actions
at South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg, in Ihis
capacity. In May, 1863, he led a successful raid within
ten miles of Richmond, to the southwest, and in the fol-
lowdng June had coraraand of both cavalry and artillery in
a battle at Beverly Ford, where he achieved a triuraph.
Then followed nuraerous engageraents, which were crowned
with the vicloiy at Gettysburg on July i-3d, 1863. He
enjoyed successively the friendship and confidence of the
several coraraanders of the Army of the Potomac, Mc
Clellan, Burnside, Hooker and Meade. His last action
was at Bristol Station, October 14th, 1863. Soon after this
he vvas prostrated by disease occasioned by Iwo years of
constant exposure, beginning in the raarch frora Utah and
continuing until November, 1863. He went lo Washington
on sick leave, and died there Deceraber i6th, 1863. Be
fore his death he had the satisfaction of finding his gaUant
and valuable services rewarded by his proraotion to the
position of Major-General of volunteers. His dealh was
the occasion of general mourning. It was the wish of his
brothers to have his remains interred at Rock Island, but
they acceded to the wishes of the rank and file of the 1st
Cavalry Division, which he commanded, and by vvhich he
was beloved. His surviving corarades buried his reraains
at West Point, and erected a raonuraent vvhich coraraerao-
rates his services and death in his country's cause. He was

a fine disciplinarian, a brilliant strategist, and a courageous
leader. While firra as a coramander, he was kind lo his
subordinates, and by his gentleness as well as by his bravery
won their enduring affection.

VERS, PHILIP, Lawyer and Real-Estate Operator,
Was born, November 28lh, 1830, in Kingston,
Luzerne counly, Pennsylvania, and is a son of
Thoraas and Sarah (Borbidge) Myers. His pa
ternal grandfather (whose name he bears) and
grandmother, Martha (Bennett) Myers, were
among the sturdy patriots of the Revolution, amid the
thrilling scenes of vvhich they spent their earlier years
at Wyoming, and when full of days were there laid lo
rest " on Susquehanna's side." His falher was at one time
Sheriff of Luzerne counly, and is now a resident of the
city of Williamsport in the same Stale. PhUip enjoyed
Ihe educational advantages afforded by the Wyoming Sem
inary at Kingston, where he was fully prepared to enter
an advanced class in Dickinson College at Carlisle. He
matriculated in that institution in 1849, and gr.adualed there
from in the class of 1851, receiving the degree of A. B.,
and subsequently that of A. M. in course. After leaving
college he becarae one of the professors in the Wyoraing
Seminary, where for three years foUowdng he taught the
classics and matheraatics, and during this time became a
pujiil of the lale Chief Justice George W. Woodward, wilh
whom he read lavv. In August, 1855, he was admitted to
practice at the bar at Wilkesbarre, in his native counly.
Shortly after this he reraoved to Iowa, where for a time he
becarae engaged in the location of lands and in olher real
eslate interests, and then seltied al Oskaloosa, in Ihal State,
and coramenced the practice of his profession. Here, in
1857, he formed a copartnership wilh the Hon. Sarauel A.
Rice, then Attorney-General of Iowa, which association
was continued wilh great harraony and success until its
dissolution by reason of the war in the fall of the year 1862,
when General Rice entered into the service of the United
Stales for the suppression of the Rebellion. He died in 1864
frora wounds received in the service. In November, 1866,
Mr. Myers was raarried at Ottawa, Illinois, to Miss Mary
Isabella Coweii of that city, and in the spring of 1868 ihey
removed to Chicago, where they still reside. Mr. Myers
has confined his attention there mainly lo real eslate in
terests, city and country, and has not actively resumed the
practice of the lavv. He has, however, for several years
filled a chair as one of the professors in the Union College
of Law at Chicago, Ihe college constituting the Law De
partment ofthe University of Chicago and the Norlhweslem
University. Professor Myers is .also an active meraber of
the Young Men's Christian Association of that city, and
one o," ils Board of Trustees, and fills a similar position in
the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church there. He was

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

for sorae years a Director of Ihe Washingtonian Home for
tbe Reforraation of Inebriates, and has ever taken an active
part in all raatters pertaining lo Ihe cause of religion and
.temperance. Wilh a strong p.edilection for agriculture and
its interests, as well as for .all things touching real estate,
ils uses and development, he is thoroughly identified wilh
Ihe great agricultural West, in whose natural metropolis
he has of late years made his home.

(^r ACKSON, ABRAHAM REEVES, A.M., M.D.,
vvas born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June
17th, 1827. His father vvas Washington Jackson
and his mother Deborah Lee Jackson. He re
ceived his education entirely in the public schools
of his native city, and graduated at the Central
High School in 1846, subsequentiy receiving from that insti
tution the degree of Master of Arts. Purposing to embrace
the profession of engineering, he entered tbe machine shops
of Merrick & Towne as an apprentice, but after remaining
there eight months he resolved to study raedicine. Ac
cordingly he became the pupil of Dr. John Willbank, who
was at Ihat time Professor of Olistetrics in the Medical De
partment of Pennsylvania CoUege. From this inslilulion
he received the degree of Doclor of Medicine in ihe sjiring
of 1848. He coramenced the practice of his jirofession
in Ihe viUage of Kresgeville, Monroe county, Pennsylvania,
where he remained one year. Pie Ihen reraoved to Col
umbia, Warren county, New Jersey, where he stayed less
than a year. He next settled at Slroudsburg, Monroe counly,
Pennsylvania, where he was actively engaged in practice
over twenty years. Iu Ihe summer of 1862 he entered the
United States Array in the capacity of contract Surgeon, and
was appointed Assistant Medical Director of the Array of
Virginia. After occupying Ihis position about three raonlhs,
he vvas attacked wilh typhoid fever and vvas obliged to re
turn horae. In 1867 he accorapanied Ihe Quaker City Ex
cursion from New York to the Mediterranean and the Holy
Land as Ship's Physician. In May, 1870, he reraoved to
Chicago, Illinois. Soon after coniinencing the practice of
his profession in Ihat city, he conceived the idea of estab
lishing a free hospital, to be devoted exclusively to the treat
raent of diseases peculiar to woraen, and, enlisting the
support of a number of prominent men and women, he
worked energetically to attain the end in view; ultimately,
September isl, 1871, a charter was granted incorporating
the " Woraan's Plospital of the Slate of Illinois." To ihis
institution he was appointed Surgemi-in-Chief. In the
winler of 1872 he was appoinled Lecturer on Diseases of
Woraen by the Faculty of Rush Medical CoUege; andin
the foUowing spring, as a teslimonial of appreciation of
his services and abilities, the same institution conferred
upon him the honorary degree of M, D, In the spring of
1874 he was elecled editor of the Chicago Medical Register

by the Chicago Medico-Historical Society, under whose
jurisdiction 'the work is published. He has contributed. a
number of papers upon professional topics to the various
medical journals. Pie is an active member of the Chicago
Society of Physicians and Surgeons ; the Chicago Medical
Society; the Academy of Science of Chicago; the Chicago
Medico-Iiistorical Society ; the Illinois Stale Medical So
ciety; the IlUnois Slate Microscopical Society, and a Cor
responding Member ofthe Gynsecological Society of Boston,
Massachusetts.

6)4

r TLEY, JOSEPH, Merchant and Canal Commis
sioner, w.as born in Western, Oneida county.
New York, July 27th, 1815. His parents were
Henry Utley and Sarah (Moi'se) Utley. He re-
Vv''^ ceived his primary education at the coraraon
schools. On leaving school and finishing an
academical course he learned the trade of a tanner in his
father's establishment. In 1838 he succeeded to his father's
business in Western, Oneida counly, and carried it on until
1859. In this year (1859) he removed to Dixon, Illinois,
and opened a store for leather, saddlery, hardware, and
shoe findings. In 1867 he retired from active business.
He has during the greater part of his life jiaid great atten
tion to the subject of canals, and has been prominent in the
raatter of the canals of Illinois. In recognition of his ser
vices herein, he was appoinled by Governor Palmer in
1869 one of Ihe Canal Comraissioners of Ihe Slate of Illi
nois, to vvhich office he has been continuously reappointed
up lo present dale (1875). He is novv President of the
Board of Canal Coraraissioners for the State, and has charge
of the raaintenance and repairs. Pie was married in 1838
to Frances Church, daughter of Seth Church, of Western,
Nevv York.

OLE, JORDAN I., Counly Clerk of Du Page
County, Illinois, was born in Putnam county.
New York, April l6th, 1833. He is the son
of Beriy and Adda (CarroU) Cole. His educa
tion vvas acquired in the common schools located
in the vicinity of his birlhplace. Plpoii attaining
his twenty-first year he removed to the West, and look up
his residence in NajiierviUe, Du Page counly, Illinois. In
this locality he remained for nearly a twelvemonth, then
jiroceeded lo Downer's Grove, situated in the .same counly.
Here he became engaged in fanning and agricullural -pur
suits, which gave hira active occupation until the breaking
out of the Rebellion, when he enlisted in Ihe I3lh Illinois
Infantry, and vvas appoinled Second Lieutenant in Com
pany K ; from v\-liich position he was soon after jiromoted
lo First Lieutenant, and afterwards lo a Captaincy. During
Ihe earlier part of Ihe struggle he served gallanlly under
Freraont in Missouri and Arkansas, and subsequently vv ts

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

223

attached lo Sherraan's Corjis, the I5lh, iilliniately com
manded by Logan. He was taken prisoner in the rear of
Vicksburg in December, 1862, and was held by the Con
federates over four months ; a jiortion of this time he was
held at Vicksburg, then sent to Jackson, Mississippi, and
from there to Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia. He was
exchanged in May, 1863, and joined -his regiment in time
to participate in the siege and surrender of th.at stronghold.
He was in the battles of Lookout Mounlain, Mission Ridge,
and raany others, and was never absent frora his corapany
except when a prisoner. After his retum frora the battle
field, he busied himself in raercantile jiursuits at Downer's
Grove, and' continue^ thus occupied until i86g, at which
date he was elected lo fill the position of Counly Clerk of
Du P.ige counly, Illinois. At the expiralion of the terra
for which he had been elected, so ably had he fulfilled the
duties of his jiosition, he vvas in 1873 re-elected wiihout
opposition. One other jiublic position of trust and respon
sibility which he was chosen lo fill, Ihat of Supervisor, he
occupied for " period of four years, and during that time
deported hiraself vvith integrity and ability. He was raar
ried on the 15th of January, 1868, to Agnes P. Palmer,
from the State of Nevv York; she died August 2d, 1871.
On the 15111 of August, 1872, he was again married to Susie
P. Smith, of Wheaton, Illinois ; they have one child, a
daughter Agnes May, now about two years old.

liREWSTER, THERON D., Banker, Dealer in
Real Estate and Manufacturer, was born in Sails-
bury, Litchfield counly, Connecticut, February
2gth, 1812, being the son of Daniel Brewster, a
farmer. His mother's name was Asenath Can-
field Brewster. His early inslruclion was orig
inaUy obtained in the district school, but subsequently by
courses in a school at Lenox, Massachusetts, and a High.
School at V\'estfield, Massachusetts, he secured a very
thorough and comprehensive education. lie pursued his
studies mainly during the winters, passing ihe remaining
portion of the year in the labors incidental to the cultivation
of his father's farm. He subsequentiy filled a jio.sition as
clerk in the Post-office, and vvas afterward eraployed in the
same capacity about eight months in Weslfield, Massachu
setts, first in a book and then a dry-goods store. He re
turned again to his homestead, where he reraained until he
reached his twenty-third year. During Ihe greater portion
of this lirae his falher was an invalid, and the larger share
of the arduous labor of conducting the estate fell upon hira
as the oldest son. When twenty-three years of age he went
West, .and reached Peru, IlUnois, during the first week of
May, 1835. What is now Ihe site of this town was then an
almost untenanted wild, there being vvhen he arrived but
two log cabins to mark the spot of vvhat was soon lo be a
flourishing community. These cabins vvere respectively

occupied by two white men. There w.as a scattered jopu-
lation in this section, not numerous, nor, as it may vvell be
conceived, over-burdened in Ihe possession of Ihis world's
goods. Two men from the backwoods pitched upon Ihe fu
ture site of Peru as a suitable spot for a country store, which
was soon opened, and Mr. Brewster was installed in the
dual capacity of clerk and manager, wilh instructions lo push
ahead and do the best he could. Two months after he was
taken sick, and for some tirae was prostrated. In ihe fall,
upon his recovery, he began to speculate in land, and laid
the foundation of what subsequently became a very large
and pro-sperous real estate business. Pie is still engaged in
this pursuit. Fortunately Peru was selected as the terraina
tion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, and the land in the
vicinity rose rapidly in value. Chicago was then but a mud
village, and Peru then proraised to be a place of rauch
more consequence. While this prosjiect has not been
realized, the latler has become a very large and flourishing
Jilace, and one of very great commercial import.ance. The
settleraent ofthe place progressed under the most favorable
auspices. In 1836 Mr. Brewster laid out vvhat is called
the Minerva Addition to the tovvn, and which now com
prises raore than one-half its present area and population.
Frora this enterprise dales his reputation as a progressive
and energetic business raan, and a public-spirited citizen.
He built a fine hotel, reared a block of stores, and con
structed raany dwellings on his lands, disposing of thera ad
vantageously to new-comers W'ho vvere rapidly flocking into
the place. In 1843 he opened a large dry-goods establish
ment, which he continued four years. In 1848 he built an
extensive warehouse, dealing during the three succeeding
years profitably in grain, as a raeniber of ihe firm of Brewster
& Heebe. He then sold out his interest. On January 22d,
1844, he was married to Adeline Mann, of Pennsylvania,
and in the same year established the Bank of Peru, taking
ils Presidency, a position which he slill retains. This finan
cial concern was reorganized under the national banking
law as the First National Bank of Peru. To hira is due
the credit of having erecled the first Presbyterian church
in the place. In i84g his wife died, and in 1850 he was
raarried to Margaret Jones, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He was one of the three forraing the Executive Coraraittee
which contracted for the construction of the Chicago &
Rock Island RaUroad passing through Peru. He began
the raanufacture of plows in 1858 in that city, and in the
first year of this industrial enterprise did a business aggre
gating in value $25,000. In 1863 he admitted lo a partner
ship in Ihis establishraent J. Dodge, and in 1874 they ad
mitted W. L. Huse. By care in maniigement, and through
the display of enterprise and energy, this industry has be
corae the most important in Peru, its annual transactions
amounting to a quarter of a million of dollars. In addition
to all these interests, to which he has paid close attention,
Mr. Brewster, who has amassed n very large fortune, has
been prominent in his supporl of religious institutions, and

224

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

in concerting and carrying out many important and much
needed public improvements. All these invaluable ser
vices, both as a business man and as a private citizen, have
earned for him the lasting respect of the entire community.
His career is inseparably identified with the origin and
growth of Peru, and the substantial prosperity it enjoys
to-day may in no small degree bc traced to his good judg
ment and his tireless energy.

ft UFORD, NAPOLEON B., General United States
Army, Special Indian Coraraissioner, and United
Slates Coraraissioner to Exaraine the Union and
Kansas Pacific Railroads, the eldest son of Col
onel John Buford, was bora in Woodford counly,
Kentucky, January I3lh, 1807. He was educated
at West Point Military Acaderay, entering as a cadet in
1823, and graduating in 1827, being assigned to duty as
Second Lieutenant in the 3d Artillery. He served also as
Topographical Engineer and Assistant Professor of Natural
and Experimental Philosophy at West Point until December
31st, 1835, when he resigned to accept an appointment as
Civil Engineer for the State of Kentucky, in which capacity
he continued six years. In 1843 he removed to Rock
Island, Illinois, where he engaged in a successful business
enterprise until he was called to take a prominent jiart in
the war of the rebellion. He was commissioned Colonel
of the 27th Regiment Illinois Volunteers on August gth,
1861, and led that conimand into the battle of Belmont.
He coramanded the brigade which took possession of Col
umbus, Kentucky, and had charge of the land forces which
acted in conjunction with Commodore Foote's flotilla in the
attack upon Island No. 10. While thus engaged wilh a
small detachraent of troops he made a forced march upon
Union City, where the enemy held the line of coraraunica
tion vvith all the South. He surprised them in camp, cap
turing some prisoners, securing more than a hundred horses,
burning the camp, destroying their munitions and stores,
and returned next day lo the siege of Island No. 10, before
any officer of the conimand vvas aware of his absence except
Comraodore Foote, who fully appreciated this raoveraent.
For this gallant service he was immediately nominated by
the President a Brigadier-General. On April 6th, wilh
Commodore Foote, he received the surrender of Island No.
10, wilh the adjacent shore, and on the 7th took possession
of it, securing the iramense wharf boats filled wilh provis
ions, more than one hundred heavy cannon, a large supply
of ammunition, four large steamers, and about five hundred
prisoners, including twenty-seven officers of artillery. Pie
next coramanded a brigade at the siege of Corinth, which
the enemy evacuated on May 30lh, 1862. Subsequentiy, at
the head of a division, he occupied the raost advanced post
— Jacinto — until recaUed to raeet the attack of the eneray
upon Corinth, which resulted in their repulse on the 3d of

October, 1862, and a splendid victory over them on the fol
lowing day. On both these days his command did their
full share of the desperate fighting. Suffering from the
debilitating effect of the climate and from exposure, he was
then ordered on court-martial duty at Washington, District
of Columbia, and while in that city published two letters to
President Lincoln, at the time of the Emancipation Pro
clamation, proposing a plan for the emjiloyment of the
colored troops after they had been disciplined and had
acquired experience in the war. This was for the colonizing
of a part of the west coast of Africa, and making it thus
possible for the gradual separation of the white and black
races, to the mutual advantage of both. These papers were
subraitted to the Secretary of War, Hon. Edwin M. Stanton ;
the Secretary of the Treasury, Hon. Salmon P. Chase;
General E. A. Hitchcock, and Dr. Francis Leiber, by
whom they were approved. The suggestions they contained
raay yet coramend themselves to our statesmen. He next
reported for duty at Vicksburg during the siege, but was
soon ordered to command at Cairo, where absolute fidelity
and promptness were required in forwarding troops and
supplies, and in preventing treasonable trade with the
eneray. After the surrender of Vicksburg his administrative
capacity caused his selection for the coraraand of East
Arkansas, with head-quarters at Helena. Here he reraained
until near the close of the war. During the eighteen
months of this administration at this place he discharged
every duty of a soldier and of Governor of the district. He
organized more than ten thousand colored men — part of
them as soldiers, and part as self-supporting agriculturalists.
He thoroughly interdicted the trade of the cotton sharks
with the enemy by force. His troops made constant raids
into Mississippi and Arkansas, capturing large numbers of
officers and soldiers, who were sent to the North as prison
ers of war. On the 13th of March, 1865, for gallant and'
meritorious services, he was promoted to Major-General by
brevet. Since the war the government has called on him
to serve as Special Indian Commissioner, and later as one
of the United States Commissioners to examine and report
upon the sections of the Union and Kansas Pacific Rail
roads, until they were both completed. Plis residence is in
Chicago.

UFORD, COLONEL JOHN, Planter and State
Senator, was born in Bedford county, Virginia,
in I77g. His grandfather, John Buford, one of
the English gentry, eraigrated with his v\'ife
Judith, a Welsh lady, to Virginia in the eariy
part of the eighteenth century, and settled upon
a fine tobacco plantation at Raccoon Ford, in Culpepper
county. He was noted for his high church principles, his
baronial raanners, and his great success as a planter and as a
breeder of the finest slock of horses and cattle in Ihe Slate.
Al the tirae of the opening of the Revolutionary era of -

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

225

1776 he ¦v.'os the father of six sons and five daughters. One
of these sons was a captain in Lord Drenraore's carapaign
against the Sciota Indians, who were led by the celebrated
chiefs Cornstalk and the eloquent Logan, who gave battle
to the Virginian troops under the command of General
Andrew Lewis, at the mouth of the Kruhama river, in 1774.
General Lewis gained the victory, bul it was at the cost of
the lives of his brother. Colonel Charles Lewis, Captain
Buford, and many of his gallant officers and men. Another
of his sons — Abraham — became Colonel of the Illh Vir
ginia Regiment, which served wdth distinction through the
war. All of his sons were stalwart, sanguine, and enter
prising men, noted for their love of the horse and the man
agement of the farm. They all inherited a genius for
mechanics which fitted them, together with- their other
qualifications, to be the pioneers to the virgin soils of west
ern Virginia and Kentucky. Four of the sons and two of
the daughters went to Kentucky about the year l7go.
Simeon, the father of Colonel John Buford, settled during
that year one of the fine plantations in what is now Wood
ford county. Colonel Abrahara Buford settled in Scott
county and became an extensive landholder, and the rest of
the sons and daughters located in the adjoining counties, or
in what is now called the "blue grass region." To thera is
due the credit of introducing the fine breeds of horses and
cattle in Kentucky for which the State has since becorae so
faraous. Colonel John Buford, when eleven years of age,
was on the "dark and bloody" ground, before the exter
mination of the Indians, and before the advance into those
then western wilds of the scboolraaster. plis practical edu
cation, however, was not neglected. He becarae inured to
hard labor and to the vicissitudes of a pioneer life, develop
ing at the sarae tirae rare tact and great braveiy. He raarried
early and seltied a plantation in Woodford county, Ken-
"tucky. He had three children by his first wdfe, whose
maiden name was Nancy Plickraan. She died in 1824.
Of these children but one survives — Napoleon B. Buford.
Colonel John Buford served with the Kentucky troops urider
the command of General Harrison, in 1813, on our northern
frontier. He was a successful and popular man, having
been elected in seven different years as a member of the
Legislature. He was niianied upon the second occasion to
the wddow of Dr. John Watson, the only daughter of Cap
tain Edward Howe, an officer in the war of 1776, serving
in the Virginia line, who about the year I7g5 reraoved to
Kentucky. The issue of this marriage was three sons —
John, Thomas J., and James M. All were born in Ver
sailles, Kentucky. Their father reraoved from that State to
-Rock Island, Illinois, in 1838, where his excellencies vvere
readily appreciated. In 1843 he was elected to the Senate
of Illinois, and served with marked abilily in its two bien
nial sessions. His poUtical principles were Deraocratic.
Gener.al Jackson was his eariy personal friend. In the
•great State conventions of the party, both in Kentucky and
Illinois, he was often called to preside. Nature had be-
29

stowed upon hira sorae of her choicest gi.fts. He was cora
raanding in form, pleasing in manners, courageous in heart,
and raagnaniraous in irapulses. His character was to a
degree that of a stoic philosopher. He died at Rock
Island, March 25th, 1848, and his loss to society was
keenly regretted.

RAWFORD, JOHN S., Physician, was born in
Ireland, October 18th, 1812, being the son of
John and Agnes (Stewart) Crawford. He was
educated at Trinity College, DubUn, and grad
uated from that institution in 1837 as a Surgeon.
During the same year he emigrated to the Uniled
States, and coraraenced practice in Warwick, New York,
where he continued four years. In 1841 he removed to
Galena, Illinois, establishing hiraself there as a physician.
Since that tirae he has resided in Galena, and by skill and
attention obtained a large patronage. In coraraon with
nearly all the prominent men in the northwestern country,
he has been at various tiraes identified with raining interests.
In addition to his degree obtained from Trinity (Dublin)
College, he has received the degree of M. D. frora two
Araerican colleges — the St. Louis University, now known
as the Sl. Louis Medical College, and the Medical College
of Cleveland, Ohio. He is one of the oldest and one of the
leading practitioners of the State. He is Vice-President of
the Galena Medical Society, and is prorainently connected
wdth all moveraents to advance the standing of the jirofes
sion. He has now associated with hira in the practice of
raedicine in Galena, his son. Dr. Williara S. Crawford, who
is a thoroughly read and able physician.

ALT, THOMAS A., Merchant and Manufacturer,
was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, Jan
uary 13th, 1828. Plis parents were Williara Gait
and Mary Ann (Thomas) Gall. His education
¦was obtained in the common school, and was in
terrupted at intervals by work on the farm on
which he was brought up. The death of his father when
he vvas but fourteen years old corapelled hira to rely entirely
upon his own exertions for a livelihood, and also caused the
care of his brothers and sisters to devolve to a great extent
upon hira ; he being the eldest son. He became clerk in a
store at Concord, Pennsylvania, for a short tirae, and in
1845 went to Strasburg, and worked there as clerk until
1848. In this year he reraoved to Philadelphia, and worked
for about a year in a wholesale house in that city. In the
latter part of l84g he returned to Strasburg and bought the
business of his late employer there, which he carried on
successfully until 1855. He also engaged in sorae building
and real estate operations; -but finding the place unsulted
for his enterprising ideas, he sold his property in Strasburg

226

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

in 1855, and finally left the tovvn. Being attracted by Ihe
accounts Ihen jirevalent of the attractiveness of the West,
he started on a prospecting tour to that part of the country,
and stopped for a vvhile at Sleriing, Illinois, intending at
first only to visit some friends there. He finally, however,
determined to reraain, and opened a hardware store ihere
in partnership with D. M. Crawford, under the style of Gait
& Crawford. The firra continued thus until 1858, when D.
M. Crawford retired, and T. A. Gait admitted his brother,
John M., into partnership, the narae being changed to Gait
& Bro. Matters reraained thus until 1863, when two more
partners were brought into the firm. The same year T. A.
Gait had, in addition to his hardware store, coraraenced the
manufacture of farra implements. Shortly after his doing
so he became associated vvith G. S. Tracy, who carried on a
planing raill in Sterling, and the mill and the manufactory
were then merged into one establishraent, under the name
of Gait & Tracy. The title of the " Keystone Works " was
shortly afterwards adopted. In 1864 Ihe raanufacturing
undertaking had grown sufficiently to engage his whole
attention, and he sold his interest in the hardware business
to his other partners and retired finally from the retail trade.
He continued to prosecute the manufacturing industry, and
it became highly successful, dcvelojiing into larger propor
tions each year. In July, 1867, the whole premises and
stock of the factory were destroyed by fire, causing a loss to
the firm of sorae $30,000, the property being entirely unin
sured. The activity and vim which had always marked T-
A. Gait were not crushed by this blow, and raeasures were
soon taken for the restoration of the firm's business. They
rebuilt their factory in Sterling, and so vigorously did they
push forvvard the work that in three weeks from the fire
they had the nevv structure finished and furnished vvith nevv
machinery, including engine and boiler. This factory they
appropriate to the sash and door manufactory and planing
raill. They purchased a water power and some land at
Rock FaUs, opposite to Sleriing, and commenced a new
factory, including foundry and raachine shop and implement
works, which was pushed on so vigorously that within Ihree
months from the burning of the old works the new vvere all
in working order. This was the first building of any kind
erected in the town of Rock Falls. Within six months
from this time they had turned out about fifteen hundred agri
cultural machines of all kinds, beside a large araount of
work of the planing mill. In 1870 Ihe trade of the house
had increased so rauch that the works were incorporated as
a joint stock corapany, under the narae of the Keystone
Manufacturing Corapany, with a capilal of $150,000,
Thoraas A. Gait being President and G. S. Tracy Vice-
President and Superintendent. This corapany are novv
among the largest raanufacturers of farm implements and
machinery in the West, and their trade extends throughout all
the western and northwestern country. They have in oper
ation five large buildings, covering about two and a half
acres of ground, eraploy one hundred and twenty hands.

and produce goods of the value of $500,000 annually,
Thoraas A. Gait is also interested in several other manufac
turing firms in Rock FaUs and Sterling. He may fairly be
regarded as the manufacturing pioneer of this section of
country, and his successful progress from the condition of a
poor and fatherless boy to his present position of wealth and
influence is an evidence of the natural result of determined
and persistent effort. He was elecled Mayor of Sterling in
1867, and served one term, beside which he has held no
official position. Pie has been twice married : first, in
1850, to Julina Jones, of New Plartford, Connecticut, who
died in 1853; and again, in 1856, to Catharine Anthony, of
Onondaga county. New York. Pie is a raember of the
First Presbyterian Church of Sterling, and exhibits as much
zeal in furthering the interests of Christ's kingdom as he
does in the prosecution of his own business. He has for
raany years been one of the elders in the church.

r^flELAND, LORENZO, Lawyer, was born in Grafton,
Massachusetts, September 271h, 1813, his father
being Cyrus Leland, a farmer and a man of con
siderable local prorainence. During his youlh he
attended several academies, and for a tirae taught
school, being engaged in the dual capacity of
pupil and teacher until his twentieth year. He then read
law for one year in Boston, and in the fall of 1834 went to
Peoria, Illinois, where he corapleted his legal studies and
was admitled to the bar of the State. In 1835 he removed
to Ottawa, Illinois, and entered upon Ihe practice of his
chosen profession, associating a few raonlhs after wdlh his
cousin, who subsequently becarae more widely known as
Judge Leland. This partnership continued for two or three
years, and was theri dissolved, when he conducted the busi
ness alone for some time. Shortly after he formed a part
nership with T. Lyle Dickey, and later still with Milton H.
Swdft for one year. In 1842 he relinquished the practiceof
law and was by Governor Ford appointed Clerk of the Cir
cuit Court of La Salle counly, filling that position from 1842
to 1848. In the latter year he was elected Clerk of the
Suprerae Court in the Third Northern Grand Division of
Illinois, serving for six years, and being twdce re-elected to
the sarae responsible office, wdiich he filled until 1867 wilh
an integrity and an ability highly satisfactory to the bench,
the bar, and the public, for a period of nearly nineteen con
secutive years. Since then he has been engaged in attend
ing lo his own private business, discarding to a considerable
extent the duties of active life. He has been Justice of the
Peace, Treasurer of La Salle counly. President of the old
Town Council, Tovvn Supervisor of Ottawa, Superintendent
of Schools for La SaUe counly, to which positions he was
elecled by the people, and w<as in 1871 an unsuccessful
candidate for Congress. He is a director and stockholder
in Ihe First National Bank of Ottawa, and is one of the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

227

owners and managers of the Ottawa Plydr.aulic Comjiany.
There is scarcely a public iraproveraent which has been se
cured in Ottawa with vvhich he h.as not been identified as .an
organizer and supporter. He has given much attention to
the advancement of a popular systera of education, and has
actively engiaged in all works for the substantial, welfare of
the peojile of his tovvn and county. He has amassed an
ample fortune .and is liberal in sh.aring ils benefits. His
sterling integrity, fine business qualifications, and karge public
spirit, have secured fcr him the respect of the entire commu
nity in vvhich he resides.

HEAT, CROSBY F., Lawyer, vvas born in Venice,
Cayuga county. New York, April 1 ith, 1835. His
earlier education was acquired in the common
schools and academies of his native county. Be
lieving that in the West was to be found a wider
field for the profitable exercise of enterprise and
skill, in 1S58 he removed to Quincy, Illinois, vvhere he read
law in the office of Messrs. Warren & Wheat. In i860 he
was admitted to Ihe bar, and subsequently removed to
Macomb in McDonough counly, where in 1862 he opened
an office, and since then has been working diligently at his
Jirofession. He has acted as Attorney for Ihe city several
years, and in 1S72 vvas elected State's Attorney on the Rejitib-
lican ticket. He was married February 1st, 1865, to Mary
A. Chandler, daughter of Thompson Chandler, of Macomb.

ANNING, JOEL, was born, October 3d, 1793, at
Andover, Vermont, where his early boyhood was
sjieiit. His father, who was a Baptist clergyman
and farmer, reared his family of three sons wdlh
such ideas of industry, energy and perseverance,
as eariy develojied in^ him, the oldest, these char-
.acleristics to a marked degree. Pie graduated from Union
College, Schenectady, Nevv York, in Ihe class of 1S18. The
following year he left home for the "far West," his destina
tion being St. Louis, Missouri. He spent the winter in
Buffalo, expecting friends to join him in the spring, but being
disappointed in this matter, started alone. After leaving
Lake Erie, he travelled on foot the greater portion of the
time, following an Indian trail through the wdlderness frora
Fort Wayne to St. Louis. Here he remained for some time
studying law wdlh Judge Carr. In the meantime Illinois
was admitted into the Union, and he left St. Louis to try his
fortune in the new State. He settled finally in Brownsville,
Jackson counly, IlUnois, where he practised his profession
for a number of years. When the Illinois & Michigan Canal
vvas projected in 1836, he was appointed Secretary of the
Board of Canal Commissioners, and went wdlh his faniily to
Chicago, where he reniained until 1838. The canal office
-beinCT reraoved to Lockport, Illinois, he raoved to the latter

place, and frora tii.at time until his death was interested in —
and during a great jiart of the time connected in a business
capacity vvith — the public improvement known as the Illinois
& Michigan Canal. Sickness and death entered and sad
dened his faniily soon after removing to Lockport; his
youngest son died, and in 1843 his oldest and only remain
ing son, John Jay, a promising youth of eighteen years, died
suddenly, leaving a stricken father and mother to mourn his
loss throughout their after life. During the years of dis
couragement foUowdng the financial panic of 1840-1845, he
found full use for all Ihe energy, perseverance and econoray
early learned and practised on a New England fami, his
family consisting of an invalid ¦wife, and three young daugh
ters, being entirely dependent on him after the death of the
son and brother. His own health then failed, and the future
looked glooray. All the old settlers well remember Ihe
stringency of those days, when canal scrip sold for fifty cents
on the dollar. He felt sure that the State vvould ultimately
redeem ils pledges, and laid aside all that he could save
from his salary, hoping for better days. They came at last.
The State Legislature passed a relief law, allowing all scrip
holders to purchase canal lands and lots with scrip at par, at
the original appraisement. He then made sorae purchases
in Chicago. One lot, bought for three hundred dollars, was
traversed by a gully, which cost two hundred dollars addi
tional to fill up and grade, and this lot is now covered by the
North-Side Galena Depot. Soon after tiraes grew better,
work on the canal was resuraed, and when the great ditch
uniting the waters of the Lakes with those of the Mississippi
vvas finished, the whole country rejoiced, and the settlers,
new and old, of Will counly, turned out for a joyous celebra
tion. He was a valued meraber of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, holding tenaciously to its doctrines, and following
Ihe usages prescribed by its discipline. But in his love for
his own, he did not forget the law of Christ to love others,
and wherever he saw the image of his Saviour, there he
recognized a brother, whether in the lowly cabins of the
canal laborers, or araong those more highly cultivated. After
the death of his wife, November 27th, 1861, he spent most
of his time with his daughter, Mrs. Fish, of Joliet, where he
died, January 8th, l86g, surrounded by loving friends and
without a known eneray. As a citizen he ajded to the extent
of his ability in all educational and benevolent enterprises,
bolh of church and state, and took a deep interest in what
ever would promote the public good. Siraple in his tastes,
frugal in his habits, he always had something to relieve the
wants of one poorer than himself, giving systematically, con
scientiously, and frora principle, and adopting the old Jewish
rule of giving a tenth of his income. In his earlier diary is
found an entry of his gift for the first year after adopting
Ihat rule, but six dollars. In later life he gave away in en
dowing professorships, in the presentation of organs, and in
assisting to erect churches and parsonages, more than the
third of his whole raeans. He was an active, stirring, and
influential member of society, and left his impress on all with

228

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

whom he came in contact. He was married in 1823 to
Diza Jenkins, daughter of Sol. Jenkins, who at an eariy day
had left North Carolina, where he was connected with
various of the leading families, and settled in the free State
of IlUnois, realizing even at that time the enervating influ
ence of slavery upon the men of the South. As they arrived
at manhood, two ofhis sons, Sol., Jr., and William Jenkins,
retumed to the South, and became identified with it in in
terests and principles. One son, Alexander M., reraained,
and look an active part for years in the interests of the State
of his adoption, at one time being elected Lieutenant-Gov
ernor of that Slate. One daughter, Elizabeth Jenkins, mar
ried Dr. John Logan. The three daughters of Joel Manning
grew to womanhood and were married as follows : Mary, the
eldest, to Henry Fish, of Joliet, Illinois ; Cornelia, to Ed
mund Miller, of Waterloo, Iowa; and Jane, to F. G. Salton
stall, of Chicago.

iHEELOCK, STILLMAN W., Merchant and
Manufacturer, was born in Holland, Erie counly.
New York, June i8th, 1816. His parents were
Chapin Wheelock and Lucy Wheelock. Until he
had attained his twentieth year, he remained at
home, occupied in farraing and agricultural labors,
and at irregular intervals attending the daily sessions of a
neighboring district school. In the fall of 1836 he removed
to Charlton, Worcester county, Massachusetts, where he
resided for about eighteen raonths. While here he was
eraployed in working on a farm, securing in the meantime
some further educational advantages, and later, at Brook
field in the same Slate, served as a teraporary eraploye in a
hotel located there. In the following year he returned to
Erie county. New York, and attended school during the
winter season of 1837. In 1838 he reraoved to Aurora,
New York, and here became the recipient of an academical
education. He thence returned to Holland, and in the
winter of 1838-1839 was engaged in teaching school. In
May of the latter year he resolved to go West, and, upon
arriving in Illinois, settled in Chicago for a brief period.
From there he went to St. Charles, on Fox river, thirty railes
frora Chicago, where he reniained during the ensuing twelve
years. For the first year he was engaged by the month as
an employe in a saw-mill and lumber business, and subse
quently in conjunction with his brother-in-law, S. B. Flint,
rented a saw-raill, which he operated for a period of about
three years. In 1842 he bought the St. Charles Hotel, and
as proprietor and raanager controlled its business until 1844,
when he disposed of it in trade for a farm. From this date
until 1 85 1 he was variously employed, engaging in sundry
avocations, and meeting with a fair measure of success in
every instance. He then reraoved to Moline, Rock Island
counly, and in partnership wilh C. N. Sraedley, under the
firm-style of Wheelock & Smedley, purchased a properly
(the site now occupied by his mill), procured paper making

raachines from Worcester, Massachusetts, and in August,
1852, established a p.aper mill. He remained connected in
that association wilh C. N. Smedley for one year, then be
came the owner by purchase of his interest in the concern,
and in August, 1853, took into partnership James l-'ergus,
under the style of Wheelock & Fergus. In 1854 he became
sole owner of the mill, and operated it alone until 1868,
when he sold an one-fifth interest in its business to J. C.
Starr, and the firm-style of Wheelock & Co. was adopted.
In the same year he tore down the old wooden building and
built a new and enlarged stone mill, with more extensive im
proved machinery, which he has stUl running. At the present
time he employs regularly forty hands, and the jiroduction per
diem is two and a half tons of printing paper, and one ton
of wrapping paper, water power being vised. In 1868 he
purchased an interest in the firm of Candee, Swan & Co.,
jilough manufacturers of Moline, for the sum of seventy-five
thousand dollars, and assisted importantly in enlarging the
business and extending its scope. In 1870 the firm of
Candee, Swan & Co. was organized into a stock company
under the name of the " Moline Plough Company," and he
was selected to fill its Presidency. In 1874 he resigned
that office, but is still interested in the business as Director,
being the largest stockholder in the concern. In 1864 he
became Chairman of the Board of Supervisors, of which
body he has been a member for several years. He has
built extensively in Moline, and is the owner also of rauch
valuable real estate in Council Bluffs, Iowa. In his new
building at Moline,-he has given rooras for the post office,
and also for the public library. He is importantiy identified
with this town in many particulars, has assisted greatly in
furthering its interests, and is universally esteemed and re
spected as a public-spirited and useful citizen. He was
married in 1842 to Lydia Flint, a former resident of New
Hampshire.

OY, REV. JOSEPH E., D.D., Superintendent for
Northem Illinois and for Indiana, and also Field
Superintendent of the American Home Missionary
Society, was bom in Martinsburg, Ohio, Februaiy
7th, 1827. His father, John Roy, was engaged
in mercantile life, and came formerly from New
Jersey. He received first a common-school education, then an
academical course at Geneseo, Illinois, and 'closed vvith a full
course at Knox CoUege, where he graduated in 1848. He
then taught for two years in Lyndon, IlUnois, and spent the
three subsequent years in the Union Theological Serainary
of Nevv York, graduating in 1853. On June 23d, 1853, he
was married to Emily S. Hatch, of Farmington, Illinois.
He was settled imraediately thereafter as a Horae Missionary
at Brimfield, IlUnois, vvhere he reraained untU 1855. He
was Ihen called to the pastorate of Plymouth church of
Chicago, where he continued until 1 860, when he entered upon
the work of the American Home Missionary Society, havirig

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

229

charge of its affairs in Illinois and Indiana, and reaching
out even to Virginia, Texas, and through the Territories,
with head-quarters at Chicago, and has now been engaged
in this work for over fifteen years. It leads him to tr.avcl all
over this immense territory, reviewdng the vvork of the home
missionaries, organizing new churches, and raising money
for missionary purposes, and he is consequently one of the
most widely known men in the West in ecclesiastical and
religious matters, and is held in high esteem for his worth
and force of character, as well as for his general executive
abiUty. He is Secretary of the Chicago Theological Semi
nary, and a meraber of its executive committee, as well as
of its board of directors. Mr. Roy has also been for years a
well-known correspondent for the religious press. East and
West. He is now in the prime of life, possessed of an excel
lent physique, and bids fair to realize many more years of
the same active and important vvork.

'HAMBERLAIN, REV. LEANDER T., Pastor
of the New England Church of Chicago, was born
in West Brookfield, Massachusetts, September
26th, 1839. His father was EU Chamberlain, a
farmer. His brother is Governor of South Caro
lina. He first attended comraon schools ; then
Phillips Academy, at Andover; and then entered Yale in
1859, where he graduated in 1863 vvith very high honors.
He was valedictorian ofhis class, and received the De Forest
prize, which is given to the one " who writes and pronounces
an English oration in the best manner; " two honors never
before earned off by one and the same man. He was also
valedictorian of his class at Andover. While in Yale College,
during the naval victories of the gallant Foote, a nuraber of
the students made a presentation of a flag to Mrs. Admiral
Foote, and Mr. Chamberlain was selected to raake the pres
entation speech. Afterward, on his return horae, Foote sent
for Mr. Charaberlain, had an interview with him, and be
coming interested in him, advised him to enter the navy.
He was desirous of entering the service, and vvhen out of
college he enlisted for the war in the navy, but the death of
Foote occurred just at this time, and, contrary to his expecta
tions, he was assigned to service in the South Pacific squad
ron, off the west coast of South America, as Naval Paymaster
and Storekeeper, in which duty and position he was engaged
for three years and a half until the close of the war. He
then returned and entered the Theological Seminary at
Andover, making up the first year's studies in private, enter
ing the second year, and graduating in 1869. Before he
had finished these studies he received a call to the pastorate
of the New England (Congregational) Church of Chicago.
He, upon leaving the serainary, iramediately went to Chicago
in acceptance of this, and has remained in this pastorate
ever since. In the great fire, their beautiful church, acknowl
edged one of the finest in the city, was swept away, as weU

as tbe homes of the peojile, and not a roof vvas left over a
single family in his church. In this period of distress and
despair he was appoinled by the Relief Association as Su
perintendent of the whole northern division of the city in dis
pensing its aid, and during that terrible winter he had thirty-
three thousand people to provide vvith food, fuel and
clothing. Here his business experience and execulive
ability came into use, and he proved the right man in the
right place, managing matters with erainent success. When
this duty ceased he took up the work of soliciting aid for the
burned-out churches, travelling through New England and
the East. He was very successful, obtaining over forty
thousand doUars, of which thirty-three thousand were by the
donors specified to be for Ihe help of his own church. He
then returned and resumed his pastoral labors, in wdiich he
has been engaged ever since. The parish erected a chapel
at once after Ihe fire, and in four weeks from that event they
resumed worship in it. They have now rebuilt their church,
a finer edifice than before. The congregation has grown
steadily throughout his pastorate, being one of the most in
tellectual audiences gathered anywhere in the city. He has
steadily preached to theni Christian liberality, and the fruits
of these efforts are seen in the fact that it is one of the most
liberal churches in the entire Northwest. It is needless to
add that a rainister vvho has gained this influence over the
pockets of his people has a deep hold upon their hearts and
Iheir esteem. As a speaker he is fluent, interesting and
powerful, and his influence has even been fell in Ihe political
field in Ihis city through a public speech which he delivered
upon the corruption of the ballot, and the vice of the day.

^EATOR, JERMAN SAMUEL, Merchant and
Banker, was born in Hancock, Delaware county,
New York, November ist, 1822. His parents
were Sarauel S. Keator and Jane Ann (Newkirk)
Keator. In early life he was the recipient of a
common school education. In 1838 -he removed
vvith his faraily to Honesdale, Wayne county, Pennsylvania,
vvhere he entered upon a fresh course of studies in which he
was engaged during the ensuing two years. At the expira
tion of that tirae he secured a situation in a general slore in
the capacity of clerk, where he remained for a period of five
years. In 1844 he resolved to enter into commerce on his
own account, and, associated in partnership with Cornelius
H. Hornbeck, under the style of Hornbeck & Keator, com
raenced a general mercantile business. This connection
continued for twelve years, at the end of which period, in
1856, he disposed of his interest in the establishment, and
reraoved to Moline, Rock Island counly, Illinois. He had
previously, in 1855, resided in that place and raet vvith ranch
success. On his arrival there he purchased, in conjunction
with Porter Skinner of Rock Island, a saw-raill, operating it
durino' the following four years. In i860 he becarae by

230

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

purchase sole owner and controller of that mill, and has
since carried on its business alone. In 1870 Ihe structure
was destroyed by fire, but vvas soon after completely rebuilt
and re-established. In the same year in co-operation vvith
John H. Wilson he built a new mill at Rock Island, and in
corapany with hira operated it until 1874, vvhen Wilson dis
posed of his share to hira, and he transferred to his son the
charge of the business, the firra-slyle being then changed to
Keator & Co. The present style of the firm in Moline is
Keator & Son, his second son being a member of that
branch. The partners are the owners of over twenty-five
thousand acres of pine lumber land in the counties of Clark
and Chippewa, Wisconsin, and their business relations, of a
most extensive and lucrative character, extend over a wide
section of the Northwest, and the reputation of their house
for uprightness, reliability and enterprise is unexcelled in
Illinois or Ihe adjacent States. In 1863 the First National
Bank of Moline was established and organized, and he was
appointed its first Presideni, filling that position with ability
and fidelity until 1865, when he accepted the office of Vice-
President, which he slill retains. He was married in 1846
to Mary Baldwin, of Green county. New York, who died in
1857. In i860 he was again married, to Sarah Yelverton,
a resident of Rock Island, Illinois.

|ENTWORTH, HON. JOHN, LL.D., one of
the oldest and be.st known citizens of Chicago,
was born in Sandwich, Strafford county. New
Hampshire, March 5th, 1815. In Ihe winter
of 1826-27 he was sent to the academy at Gil-
raanlon ; thence lo Wolfborough and to New
Hampton— all in Nevv Harapshire; and to South Berwick,
M.aine. In 1832 he entered Dartniouth College, and
there graduated in 1836; from which institution he after
ward received the degree of LL.D. Senator Griraes,
of Iowa, was a member of the same class. The winter
before entering college he taught school at New Harapton ;
and for three winters, while in college, he taught school at
Hanover, Grafton, and East Lebanon. WhUe at Ihe
laller place he was elecled a delegate to the Counly Con
vention, and was raade Chairman of Ihe Coraraittee on
Resolutions; and his report and remarks accompanying
it were highly commended in the pajiers of the day, as
displaying the true "Jackson grit." He was, before and
during his college course, a writer for Ihe Jackson news
papers. At his coUege coraraenceraent. Governor Plill
Franklin Pierce, John P. Hale, and Edraund Burke, were
upon the stage, and publicly congr.atulated him upon his
perforra.ance. In seven years he was the colleague of
Messrs. Hale and Burke in Congress, and he was again in
Congress when Mr. Pierce was President. Mr. Burke as
editor of the Newport (New Hampshire) Spectator, speak
ing cf the exercises, said: "Sorae of them gave evidence

of a high order of talent, among whom we would mention
that of John Wentworth, of Sandwich." October 3d,
1836, he left his father's home, wilh one hundred doUars
in his pocket, bound for the West. The Governor of his
State gave him a letter to some one man in each of the
new States and Territories, but these he never had occasion
to use. His route was by stage over the Green Mountains ;
thence, by the only railroad between Chicago and the East,
as far as Utica; thence by canal to Buffalo; and by
steamer to Detroit, where he arrived on the 13th. He
advertised himself as a school teacher the day after his
arrival, and walked into the country as far as Ann Arbor,
going and returning by different routes. Meeting wdlh no
success, he shipped his trunk to Chicago by boat, and,
being footsore, he took stage across the countiy to Michigan
City, wdiere he arrived on the 22d. Frora thence he
travelled on foot to Chicago, around the beach of the lake,
there being at that tirae no other road, where he arrived
on the 25lh of October, 1836. About this time a New
Hampshire acquaintance purchased the Chicago Democrat,
and made arrangeraents wdlh Mr. Wentworth to conduct
it while he returned East. This paper was established in
1834, having been the first paper in Ihe city, and there was
but one other. The lale Daniel Brainard, M. D., was his
iraraediate predecessor in the editorial chair. The paper
being a weekly, he devoted his leisure time to the study
of law. His success in the raanageraent of the paper soon
excited a wish, on the part of the leading politicians of the
Northwest, that he should becorae its sole proprietor. He
was quite willing, but had no raeans to make the purchase-:-
so it was agreed he should run il, and pay for it from his
earnings as fast as he was able. He continued sole editor,
publisher, and proprietor until 1861, when, from the pres
sure of olher work, he relinquished it. During this
period he vvas len years in Congress, and for two years
Mayor of the city. He was, by birth, training, and ances
try, an ardent lover of freedom, and his paper was notably
outspoken on all Ihe issues of those tiraes. He made his
bed araong the types, and became not only editor, but
folder, pressman, clerk, and raail boy. By toiling day and
night, and denying hiraself all but the barest necessities,
he had, in Ihe sumraer of 1839, paid for his paper; and
was Ihen enabled to revisit his native home. During that
visit he delivered his first lilerary address, at the cora
raenceraent of Norwich (Verraont) University, which re
ceived high coramendation frora the papers. In the crash
of 1837 he claimed then, as he has ever since -done, that
the specie redemption point .should be the raeasure of paper
circulation. In 1840, in answer to the Bay State Associa
tion, at Boston, inviting hira to address thera, he wrote a
letter on the relation of banks to Ihe government, which
was extensively circulated in pamphlet form, and received
high praise. In 1840 he started the first Democratic daily
in the Northwest, and at the same time began a series of
public addresses; often onthe stand with Douglas in the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

Presidential campaign. At Ihe close of the contest he
received a cor.ipliraenlary letter from Governor Carlin, for
his services, enclosing a commission as his Aide-de-camp,
from vvhich is derived his titie as Colonel. He continued
his legal studies, and in 1841 entered the lavv school, at
Cambridge, Massachusetts; but his friends soon called
him back, lest in his absence sorae one else should secure
the nomination to Congress. Soon after he was examined
and adraitted to the bar of Illinois. In 1843 he vvas
elecled a raember of Ihe Twenly-eighlh Congress. He
was subsequently a meraber of the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth,
Thirly-first, Thirty-third, and Thirty-ninth Congresses.
The local legislation required for his district vvas iramense,
erabracing the getting of niarilirae jurisdiction extended
over the lakes, harbors constructed, light-houses erecled,
ports of entry estabUshed, United Slates courts and court
houses, marine hospitals, jiost-office buUdings, etc., and all
over northern IlUnois towns and villages have assumed
naraes that he gave to their original prairie post-offices.
The clairas of soldiers and Iheir heirs for back pay, bounty,
and pensions, in connection with the Mexican war, also
fornied part of his work. Pie was the first raan from ihe
West lo introduce a bill in favor of the bonded warehouse
systera. In public, as in jirivate life, his raotto was,
" Liberty and Econoray.'' And during his Congressional
career raany events and incidents of a strongly character
istic nature occurred. The United States Dejjiocratie
Review, in an issue of that period, said of him : " Colonel
Wentworth's political career has been marked by untiring
industry and perseverance; by independence of thought,
expression, and action; by a thorough knowledge of
huraan nalure; by a moral courage equal to any crisis;
by a self-possession that enables hira to avail hiraself of
any chance of success, when on the very threshold of
defeat ; and by a steady devotion to what he believes the
wishes and interests of those whose representative he is."
His two terms of service as Mayor of Chicago, in 1857
and i860, proved very effective and useful : he each tirae
cleared up the floating debt of the city ; reduced the
number and salaries of officials; reduced the taxes; de
molished dens of infamy ; and introduced steara fire-en
gines, against great opposition. In 1861 he vvas elecled a
delegate to the Convention to Revise the Conslilution of
Illinois. In 1863 he was appointed one of the Board of
Police Comraissioners, and was thus associated with the
railitary authorities in ferreting out and bringing to justice
the conspirators to liberate the rebel prisoners in Camp
Douglas, who also intended to burn the city. In the Thirty-
ninth Congress he was on the Coraraittee of Roads and
Canals, and that of Ways and Means. Finance has been
a life study with hira ; and how to pay the debt and resume
specie payraent vvith the least public distress have always
been questions of great interest to hira. No raeasure
looking to an increase of public expenditure, repudiation
of the debt, or to a postponement of the resumption of

specie payment, ever received any encouragement from
him. He was married in 1S43 to Miss Loomis, of Troy,
New York. Mr. Wentworth vvas formerly an efficient
Director of Ihe old Galena & Chicago Union Railroad Com
pany; and has also been extensively engaged in agricul-
lure, and a member of the Agricultural Board of the Slate
at large. His industry and economy have reaped for him
a handsorae privale fortune, and since his Congressional
career he has devoted himself to the care of his great
farm of over 2000 acres, and of his extensive personal
property. He frequently takes a hand in the public
cjuestions cf the day, and still occupies an imjiorlant and
influential place in the eyes of the public, and araong the
citizens of Chicago.

^J& WAN, ROBERT KERR, Merchant, was born in
Plunlingdou counly, Pennsylvania, July Iglh,
1825. Plis Jiarents were William Swan and
Elizabeth (Kerr) Swan. He was the recipient
of a common school education. His earlier
years were passed on the paternal farm, where
he was engaged in agricultural labor during the sumraer
season, attending school in the wdnler months. He was
thus eraployed until he had attained his raajority, wdien,
in 1846, he becarae engaged in a saw-mdl as an ordinaiy
carpenter or " hand." His family had previously, in 1840,
moved to Preble counly, Ohio. In 1847 he began lo
peddle goods of various kinds, and conducting his business
wilh the aid of a wagon, travelled throughout the adjacent
regions, continuing thus occupied until 1850. He then
removed to Rock Island, Illinois, and was eraployed to
peddle corn-shellers and dry goods through the Slate,
acting subsequently also as collector, etc. In 1852 he
associated himself in partnership wdth Henry W. Candee,
under Ihe style of Candee, Swan & Co., for the manufac
ture of jiumps, farming-mills, hay-racks, Ughtning rods,
etc. In 1865 the partners interested theraselves in the
fabrication of ploughs, primarily merely introducing those
articles into their general trade. In the course of lirae,
and by a gradual and steady progress, Ihe business con
nected with their ploughs becarae of so extended a nature,
that, ultimately, their whole attention became alraost neces
sarily confined to that department of their trade alone.
In 1870 the business was incorporated into a stock cora
pany, under the style of the Moline Plough Company, wilh
the foUowing officers: President, S. W. Wheelock; Vice-
President, George W. Stephens; Secretaiy, Heniy W.
Candee; Travelling Agent, Robert Kerr Swan. As a
salesraan and collector he pos.sesses talents of a peculiarly
valuable order, and, in the business, has always acted in
those capacities with reraarkable success. In 1874, S. W.
¦Wheelock resigning, he becarae the President of his com
pany ; S. W. Lobdell becoming Secretary, in consequence
of the resignation of Henry W. Candee. The works and

232

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

properties attached to the Moline Plough Corapany extend
300 by 60 feet, and are four stories in height. The nura
ber of hands eraployed is over three hundred. In addi
tion to Ihe water power, an engine of one hundred and
fifty horse power also is used ; and, Deere's establishraent
only excepted, it is the largest plough raanufactory in
this section of Illinois, while ils reputation as a reliable
house is second to none. He was raarried in 1857 to
Mary Parsons, a forraer resident of Woodstock, McHenry
county, lUinois.
'^^i^ROWNING, JOHN T., Lawyer, was born in
l4i^ Darien, Genesee counly. New York, June llth,
3 I I 1830. His parents are L. Browning and Lucy
(Tillolson) Browning. Upon the completion of
an acaderaical course of studies, he resolved to
embrace the legal profession, and coramenced
reading law, in 1856, at Rochester, in his native State.
In 1858 he was admitted to the bar by the Suprerae Court
of New York. In Ihe same year he entered upon the
active practice of his profession, in Moline, Rock Island
county, Illinois, where, connected in partnership with
Robert H. Graham, under the style of Graham & Brown
ing, he met with rauch success, rapidly winning an en
viable reputation as an expert and energetic practitioner.
This association was dissolved in 1869, since which tirae he
has practised alone, and been constantly occupied in attend
ing to the nuraerous duties connected wilh a, large and lucra
tive clientage. Frora 1859 to 1873 he filled the City At
torneyship of Moline, and while officiating in that capacity
secured many and merited encoraiuras for his undeviating
attention and efficient conduct in all Ihat regarded his office.
In 1874 he was elected to the Legislalure, and imraediately
assumed a leading position aniong the raerabers of that
body. At the present lirae he is a Director of the First
National Bank of Moline, and one of the most prominent
members of the local bar.

„'|f|).\MON, ROBERT B., Counly Judge of Edgar
-1)1111(1, County, Illinois, was born in Berkeley county,
Virginia, February 8lh, 1829, being the son of
John and Ruth (Chenowelh) Lamon, who moved
10 IlUnois in 1836 and located al Danville. At
this place he received his preliminary inslruclion,
and subsequently passed two years at Wabash College, in
Crawfordsville, Indiana, securing a sub.stanlial education by
careful and industrious application under the supervision of
talented preceptors. In 1850 he went to California, where
he remained until the fall of 1857. While a resident of
that Slate he served as a volunteer, under comraand of the
noted Indian fighter, Cajitain Ben Wright, in the campaign
of 1852 against the Modocs, and was in 1855 elecled lo a

seat in its Legislature to represent the counties of Merced
and Mariposa, and filled that station during one term. In
the latter part of 1857 he returned to Danville and prose
cuted his legal studies, which some time prior to this he
had commenced. In the spring of 1858 he was admitted
to the bar. He entered upon the practice of his chosen
profession in Danville, and during the war was elecled
County Judge of Vermilion County to fill an unexpired
term. In 1866 he reraoved to Paris, Edgar county, Illinois,
and in the fall of 1869 was elected Counly Judge, which
position he has since held. As a lawyer he was zealous in
the interests of his clients, and was especially distinguished
for the intelligent care manifested by him in the preparation
of his cases. He has won deserved popularity by the ur
banity and judicial abilily he has displayed on the bench.
His constant study from the period of its commencement
in 1855 in California down to the present tirae has given
hira a thorough and practical knowledge of the science of
law. He is free from any taint of bias, and wiihout fear
or favor interprets and executes that authority which he is
constantiy called upon to assert. In 1864 he married Lucy,
daughter of General M. K. Alexander, of Paris, Illinois.

.^g ARBOX, HORACE, Western Pioneer, Operator
in Real Estate, was born in Onondaga county.
New York, Deceraber 7th, 1817. His parents
were Peter Tarbox and Mary (Woodruff) Tar
box. His education was acquired al the coramon
schools located in the vicinity of his home. In
early life he was engaged for a tirae in working on the Erie
Canal. In 1841 he turned to the West, and settling in
Freeport, Illinois, estabUshed himself there in the hotel and
livery business, which he prosecuted for several years.' He
interested hiraself at the sarae time also in the lumber trade
and in building operations. In 1850 he went to Council
Bluffs, Iowa, and to Omaha,. Nebraska, where he found
employraent in opening up farming lands, and in pioneer
and settler work generally, while dealing largely always in
slock of every description, pie was the first to carry a
plow into Colorado, and vvith it to break the virgin soil
formerly the camping-ground of the Indian, or the bed of
wolf and buffalo. In 1859 he seltied in Boulder City, and
engaged there in his customary pioneer work, buying land,
which he would irajirove and sell. In 1865 and 1866 he
returned lo Freeport, Illinois, and speculated largely in land
buying, building, and olher real-estate operations. In 1870
he again went West, lo Sioux City, Nebraska, where he
was similarly occupied. From that locality he travelled lo
Sidney, Colorado, and thence to Grand Island, Nebraska,
continually engaged in land speculations, and in buying,
selling and raising slock. His home and faraily have since
1 841 been in Freeport, but frora that date down to the
present time the greater portion of his life has been passed

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

233

in the further western section of the country, where he has
continued to open up prairie land, form farms, build, deal
in stock, and to interest himself in jiioneer frontier labors
in general. Plis more prominent characteristics are energy
and intrepidity; and in the interior of our newly-settled
Slates and Territories he has assisted importantly in further
ing the development of the land interesls, and in opening
new and needed routes for the emigrant trains, whose people
are required to settle and build up the regions once the
desolate and sterile abode of the savage and wild beast.

JAILEY, JOSEPH MEAD, Lawyer, was born in
Middlebury, Wyoraing county. New York, June
22d, 1833. His parents are Aaron Bailey, a
farraer, and Maria (Braman) Bailey. On the
matern.al side he is a descendant in a direct line
frora one of the pilgriras ofthe Mayflower; on Ihe
paternal side, also, he is of New England extraction. His
earlier and preparatoiy education was acquired at the
Middlebury Acaderay in his native Jilace; from this estab
lishment he entered in 1 85 1 the University of Rochester,
New York, graduating A. B. in 1854 and A. M. in 1857.
He studied law subsequently under the tutorship of E. A.
Hopkins of Rochester, and in November, 1855, was ad
mitted to the bar of that town. In 1856 he established his
office in Freeport, Illinois, and entered at once upon the
active practice of his profession, nieeting with a success
which has steadily increased up to the present tirae. From
1866 to 1869 he was a representative in the Legislature of
Illinois, where he furthered effectively the best interests of
his constituency. He is now Attorney for the American
Insurance Comjiany of Chicago, and Attorney also for the
IlUnois Central RaUroad Company. He vvas married in
1859 to Anna Olin, forraeriy a resident of Wyoraing county.
New York.

^ HEEAN, HON. DAVID, Lawyer, was born in
~ Boston, Massachusetts, July 3d, 1833. His par
ents were Jaraes Sheean and Mary (Lorden)
Sheean. He was educated at the comraon
schools, and afterwards at an acaderay. In 1837
his parents reraoved to Galena ; and on the cora-
jiletion of his education, in 1856, he comraenced lo study
law in Galena under John A. Rawlins, then practising as
an attorney, and who afterwards becarae Brigadier-General
and Secretary of War. In 1858 he was admitted to the
bar, and entered into partnership wilh General Rawlins, the
firra being dissolved in 1862. Frora that tirae he continued
the practice of his profession alone until adraitting into
partnership his brother. He was elecled City Attorney in
1859, and re-elected in 1863. In 1864 he was elecled
Mayor of Galena. Mr. Sheean becarae' one of the prisoners
30

of state during the early days of the war, and was confined
for four months in Fort Lafayette. This was through hav
ing defended a raan who had been arrested and confined
in Galena for alleged disloyal utterances. This case, to
gether with that of M. Y. Johnson, attracted great notice,
and he was eventuaUy liberated unconditionally. A suit
of trespass for false imprisonraent against those concerned
in the arrest resulted in a verdict for the plaintiffs, and the
conderanation of the defendants in the costs of the suit.

REEN, A. T., Lawyer, was born in Orange county.
New York, August 6th, 1815, being the son of
Nathaniel and Sarah (Reeve) Green. His early
education was secured in the common schools.
In 1833 he was apprenticed to the taUoring trade
in New York city, and in 1837 he went to Wil
mington, North Carolina, where he estabUshed hiraself in
this business, developing it into large and profitable propor
tions by careful attention to all its details. In 1839 he
came to Freeport, lUinois, and started his trade there, and
maintained it for sorae tirae. During a period covering
sorae years anterior to this he had been reading law, and
by thorough study perfected hiraself in this science after his
location in Freeport. In 1853 he was adrailted to the Illi
nois bar. During his pupilage in this study he had for
his preceptor Colonel T. J. Turner, a weU-known jurist of
Ihat city. Frora 1844 to 1848 Mr. Green was Postmaster
of Freeport, and filled Ihis station to the satisfaction of the
public. From lirae to time he has occupied responsible
raunicipal offices. Though fitted for the duties of the legal
profession, he did not practice to any great extent, devoting
his attention raainly to real- estate operations, which became
extensive and lucrative. In 1865 he retired from active
business Ufe. In 1845 he was raarried to Mary E. Ord-
way, of Freeport, who died in 1851. Subsequentiy he was
married (1856) to Orissa B. Richards of the same place.

UFORD, JAMES MONROE, Banker and In
surance Agent, was bora in Versailles, Ken
tucky, April 21st, 1832, being the son of Colonel
John and Nancy (Howe) Buford. He obtained
a substantial common school education, and in
1852 embarked in a general raercantile business
at Rock Island, Illinois. In 1856 he went into the iron-
foundry business with his brother, Thoraas J. Buford, and
in 1861 sold out his interest. In the following year he be
carae Cashier in the First National Bank of Rock Island,
and has acted in that capacity from the date of the bank's
organization up lo Ihe present tirae. In politics he is Demo
cratic. Frora 1862 to 1874, alraost continuously, he filled
the office of City Treasurer in Rock Island. He possesses

234

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

fine executive ability, and is a remarkably prudent finan
cier. He conducted the fiscal affairs of Rock Island to the
fullest satisfaction of its people, and has secured the respect
of the entire business and social comraunily by his active
and blameless public and privale life.

kENT, THOMAS, Lawyer, was born in Putnam
counly, lUinois, November 14th, 1831. His
father, George Dent, one of the pioneers in that
section of the State, is a grandson of John Dent,
of Monongalia county, Virginia, who it is under
stood was a Captain in the Revolutionary army,
and his raother is a daughter of the late Thomas Ijaiiis, of
Muskingum county, Ohio, connected with the early history
of that State by service in both branches of Ihe State Legis
lature, and also as an Associate Judge of the Court of Cora
mon Pleas. He received a common school education,
chiefly frora attendance at the schools in the vicinity of his
father's residence, being as regular an attendant as was
usual in the case of farmers' sons. While in his sixteenth
year he became perraanentiy occupied in the clerk's and
recorder's offices of Putnam counly as assistant to his father,
and pursued a course of reading wilh reference lo the ulti
mate practice of the law, availing himself also of further
practical aids in the study by occasional clerical work in
olher county towns, including the preparation of court re
cords. After a soraewhat laborious course of preparation,
he was adrailted to Ihe bar of Illinois in his twenty-third
year, and soon became engaged ill practice in Putnara and
other counties. Early in 1856 he removed lo Chicago, and
was for a time a partner of M. R. M. Wallace. In the
course of the following year various inducements to change
his residence to Peoria caused hira to remove his office to
that place ; his practice continuing in Chicago, however, he
resumed his residence in the latler city in 1858, and has
since permanently resided there. In i860 he became
the law Jiartner ol the Late Judge Alfred W. Arlington, Ihat
relation subsisting until the demise ofhis associate, Decem
ber 31st, 1867. The firm jointly tried and argued a large
number of iraportant cases, orie of the raost notable of these,
in its drae, being the defence of the late Rev. Hart L.
Stewart in a divorce suit. In Ihe spring of l868 he asso
ciated wilh himself William P. Black, and that jiarlnership
connection has since composed the law firm of Dent &
Bback. The reported cases with vvhich his name appears
connected as counsel are to be found chiefly in the Illinois
Reports, commencing vvith the twenty-second volume. In
several of them, citing as an instance. Griffin vs. Marine
Company, 52 III. 130, much labor of preparation has been
reciuired. He has submitted arguments, also, in some cases
in the Supreme Court of the United States, as in Dirst vs,
Morris, 14 Wallace, 484; and Knickerbocker Insurance
Company vs. Comstock, 16 Wallace, 258. Allhough

warmly interested in all that concerns the social and po.
litical status of his Slate and county, he has not chosen to
mingle, in any great measure, in the contests and strivings
of office-seekers and politicians, preferring to devote his
attention more particularly lo his professional duties. Soon
after he had attained his majority, his name was presented
by personal friends for the office of County Judge of Put
nam County, to fill a vacancy. The ojiposing candidate
was, however, elecled by a small majority. A home pub
lication has said of him : " He is a student in the most
comprehensive sense of the word. ... As a lawyer pos
sessing a great knowledge of law he stands very high. . . .
He presents a case always clearly and pointedly, and com
prehensively, and vvhen he has finished he has made every
point Ihat the case contains." For some years past he has
been a Ruling Elder in the Third Presbyterian Chiirch of
Chicago, wilh which he united in 1863, and in his social
relations he is admired and respected.

ODDS, FORD SILL, M.D., ex-Slaff-Surgeon
United Stales Army, was born in Butler counly,
Pennsylvania, November Sth, 1828. Plis parents,
Samuel Dodds and Jane (Spear) Dodds, vvere
natives of Pennsylvania. He was left an orphan
vvhen about thirteen years of age. His earlier
education was acquired in the Butler Academy, situated in
the county of Ihe sarae narae. Upon completing his allotted
course of studies in this institution, he engaged in teaching
school, and continued at that avocation during the ensuing
four years. In 1849, having decided to embrace the medi
cal profession, he began the study of medicine tinder the
instructions and able guidance of Dr. Lusk, of Harraony,
Pennsylvania. In 1853 he graduated frora the Cleveland
Medical College, then located himself at Centreville, Penn
sylvania, where he practi.sed his jirofession until 1856. At
that dale he removed to Harmony, and there associated
himself in partnership with his brother-in-law. Dr. I. S.
Lusk. In 1858 he reraoved to Anna, Union county, Illi
nois, which is slill his home, and wdiere — the period of
lime excepted which was passed on the battlefield during
the late war — he has been constantly engaged in extensive
and successful practice. In 1862, tiie war of the RebeUion
then assuming threatening proportions, he entered the ser
vice of the Uniled Stales as Assistant Surgeon of the 60th
IlUnois Infantry, and participated actively in m<any engage
ments from Corinth to Atlanta; chief among such were the
conflicts at Stone River, Chickaraauga, Missionary Ridge
and Chattanooga. Also in numerous skirmishes and actions
of a minor character he bore an active part, and was noted
for his steadfastness in the hour of d.anger, and his efficiency
in emergencies. After the fall of Allanla he w.as appoinled
Acting Staff-Surgeon United Stales Army, and assigned lo
duly as Surgeon in charge of the Post Hospital at Bridge-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

235

port, Alabaraa, where he reraained until September, 1865.
He then returned to his home in the West, resuming his
forraer practice, in which he was imraediately installed. In
1866 he purchased a drug store and placed his son in
charge of it, while he devoted his attention entirely to his
patients. The son being appointed in 1874 a cadet at West
Point, he disposed of his interest in that store, and is now
occupied solely in the fulfilraent of the nuraerous duties
attendant on an extensive and ever-increasing practice. He
is a prominent and influential citizen in the community amid
which he resides, and a leading member of Ihe Southern
Illinois Medical Association. He was married in 1854 to
Mary A. Lusk, daughter of Dr. Lusk, of Harraony, Penn
sylvania.

j-'cDOWELL, NELSON S., Merchant and Real
Estate Dealer, was born near Lafayette, Tippe
canoe county, Indiana, October loth, 1829. He
is of Scotch- Irish extraction. His father, a native
of Kentucky, removed to Ohio and thence to
Lafayette, Indiana, in 1828, and was engaged in
agricultural pursuils until the time of his death, in 1842.
Five years later Nelson S. left home to learn the wheel
wright business, and was thus employed until 1850, when
he removed to Blooraington, IlUnois, vvhere he pursued his
trade as journeyman till March 27th, 1S52, at which dale he
¦resolved to emigrate to California. This was the period of
the intensest excitement produced by the gold discoveries
on the Pacific slope, and he, in corapany with others, turned
his face westward toward the coveted regions. The entire
¦journey was made wilh ox teams, frora Livingston county,
Illinois, across the plains and through the raountains to the
place of destination, Placerville, Eldorado county, Cali
fornia. That point was reached on August 20th following,
the rate of travel having been on an average about twenty
-miles per diem. The company consisted of ten men, with
three ox teams, covered wagons, and the usual appurte
nances of such expeditions; the route lying through the
Indian country, where, at Fort Laramie, they fell in with
large numbers of the natives. Fort Kearney was reached
on the 26th of May, and at that date consisted of a rude
fort, a few mud huts, and three or four frame buildings.
Thence the route lay through the valley of the Platte river,
and later over the raountains and plateaus. On reaching
Placerville he found hiraself in possession of but one dollar
and fifty cents, which being divided between himself and
two comrades, left him the owner of fifty cents vvith which
to begin life in California. During the foUowing year he
was engaged as assistant in the manufacture of lumber, and
-later entered into business on his own account. While oc-
-cujiied as projirietor of a hotel, saw-mill, and livery estab
lishment, he engaged also in mercantile business until 1855,
when he disposed of all his interests, purposing to return to
.the East. Subsequently, however, he was induced to

engage in Ihe construction Oi a canal nineteen miles in
length, to convey water to the mining districts. This enter
prise, costing $30,000, caused hira ultimately a loss of nearly
$24,000, owing to- a deficiency of water for the deep surface
diggings. After comjileting the canal he sailed. May 18th,
1856, for New York, whence he proceeded to Illinois and
passed his time visiting until the following October. Then
he returned to California, arriving at San Francisco Decera
ber Z4th, 1856. After prospecting the canal enterprise,
and deeraing it likely to prove a failure, he engaged with
the Mokelunine Hill Canal and Mining Company, wilh
which he remained for some three years. During this
period he sold his canal for $6000 in gold, and then, on
May 5th, 1859, sailed on the "Golden Gate," Captain
Baily, comraander, on his return to the East. Thence he
went to Pontiac, Illinois, where he again engaged in raer
cantile business. Later he comraenced business in Fairbury,
Livingston county, in the sarae State, where he continued
operations until the spring of 1874. In Pontiac he has car
ried on business until the present tirae. Since his return
frora California he has dealt extensively in real estate —
farming lands in Illinois and Nebraska. In 1866 he pur
chased several thousands of acres of land in Nebraska, and
in 1870 went to this Territory, accompanied by Hon. W. G.
McDowell, and planned and founded the town now known
as Fairbury, Jefferson county, the county seat, on the line
of the Sl. Joseph & Denver Railroad, one hundred and
forty miles west of St. Joseph. He was married, December
lolh, i860, to Susan E. Roope, daughter of Jacob Roope,
and by her has had three children — Jessie, Frank, and
Nelson.

MITH, AUGUSTUS PETER, Merchant and Cap
italist, was born in Coblesville, Schoharie county.
New York, February 2d, 1831, being the son of
W^illiam and Maria (Snyder) Smith. He was
educated at an academy in his native place, and
upon quitting this institution taught music — in
which he was more than ordinarily proficient — for two
years. In 1856 he removed to Steriing, Illinois, where he
established himself in business as a dealer in grain, and
continued this pursuit until 1858, wdien, having invented a
new "mitten," or fingeriess glove, made of skin tanned
without removing the wool, he comraenced its manufacture.
This vvas at first conducted upon a modest scale, but the
production of his factory jiroving very acceptable to the
public, his business was largely increased, and flourished
successfully under his manageraent until i86g, when he
sold out the establishraent. He is the founder of the town
cf Rock Falls, in vvhich he now resides. It is adjoining
Sleriing, on the Rock river. In 1867 he purchased sixly
acres of land on the other side of this streara and opposite
Steriing, and commenced building upon this tract. The
place was quickly settled, and the new town of Rock FaUs

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

hiOS now .about two thousand inhabitants and a large number
of manufacturing establishments. A railroad runs through
the tovvn, affording coraraunication with all points inde
pendent of its older rival across the river.

feALT, JOPIN M., Merchant and Manufacturer, of
" Sterling, Illinois, vvas born in Lancaster county,
Pennsylvania, July 31st, 1835, his parents being
William and Mary Ann (Thoraas) Gall. He re
ceived his early instruction in the common schools
of that county. In 1855 he went to Sterling,
Illinois, and was engaged as clerk in a store devoted to the
sale of general merchandise. In 1857, with his brother and
two other gentlemen, he entered into a partnership under
the finii-narae of Gaits & Crawfords, dealers in hardware
and agricullural inipleraenls. In 1858 the business was
secured to hiraself and his brother by the retirement of the
olher partners, and they conducted it until 1868 under the
title of Gait Bros. In this year Thomas A. Gait retired,
and his brother, John M., carried it on alone until about
1871, vvhen he disposed of it. In 1865 he established a
caniage and buggy factory, in partnership with John V.
Emraett, as Gall & Eramelt, and still has his interest in that
enterprise. He was one of the original proraoters of the
Eureka Manufacturing Company, which was organized at
Rock Island in 1871, and novv is largely and profitably
engaged in the making of school seats, church and office
furniture, etc. In 1874 he assumed the Presidency of the
company, and conducts its affairs with ability. In 1868 he
was married to Lizzie McPherran, of Dixon, Illinois.

I ASHBURNE, HON. ELIHU B., Lawyer, States
man, and Diplomatist, United States Minister to
France, was born in Livermore, Oxford (now
Androscoggin) county, Maine, September 23d,
1816. His falher vvas Israel Washburne. Israel
Washburne, Jr., his brother, studied law, and in
October, 1834, vvas admitted to the bar, and practised his
profession in Orono, Penobscot county, Maine. In 1842 he
was a raeraber of the Legislature, and was elected to the
Federal House of Representatives, frora Maine, for the
Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and
Thirty-sixth Congresses. His younger brother, Cadwallader
C. Washburne, also a lawyer by profession, reraoved to
Wisconsin, and was elected a Representative frora Ihat
Stale to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth
Congresses. In early life he served an apprenticeship as
printer in the office of the Kennebec Journal, and subse
quentiy, his inclinations leading him to espouse the legal
profession, entered Plarvard University as a law student.
At the corapletion of his course of studies in that institution

he removed to the West, and in April, 1S40, settled at
Gialena, Joe Daviess county, Illinois, where in the fall he
entered the office of the late celebrated Charles S. Plerap-
slead, who, having a partial paralysis of the fingers of his
right hand, eraployed him primarily as an assistant in
writing, and afterward placed him in charge of a certain
amount of his legal business. He remained wilh this tal
ented practitioner for about one year; then, finding that his
own business was increasing with great r.apidity, established
himself in a separate office. In 1845 he associated hiraself
vvith his former employer and colleague in a law partner
ship, which was not dissolved until some time after he was
elected to Congress, in 1S52. While practising his profes
sion in Galena the same traits and characteristics which
have since enabled him to assume such a brilliant and
useful role as a statesman, won for him not only an exten
sive clientage, but also the love and esteem of the entire
community of which he was a valued and leading member.
He was elected to Congress on the Whig ticket, from the
First Congressional District of Illinois, and was re-elected to
every subsequent Congress until l86g. Pie acted firraly and
consistently with the Republican party frora the moment of
its organization, and never failed to support with his voice
and raeans and vote every raoveraent, every measure, whose
aira was greater and truer liberty for all ; and his record as
a legislator, frora his vote against the Kansas-Nebraska bill
to that for the Constitutional Araendraent extending suffrage
without distinction of color, is unexcelled among his con
temporaries. In the Thirty-eighth Congress he became the
" Father of the House " by reason of having served a longer
continuous period than any other meraber. He had acted
as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce in each Con
gress, frora the Thirty-fifth to the Fortieth Congress inclu
sive, and in the latter also as a member of the Joint Com
raittee on the Library, and as Chairman of the Special
Committee on Immigration. At the death of Thaddeus
Stevens he becarae Chairman of the Committee of Appro
priations. At the Senatorial election in Illinois, in 1864-65,
he was a candidate against Governor Yates for the United
Slates Senate, and almost secured an election. An ener
getic, unimpeachable, honest, and talented officer, and a
devoted jiatriot, he becarae a warm supporter of Ulysses S.
Grant at an early date, and was one of the first to discern
and point out the ability latent in the future President of the
United States. On the accession of General Grant to the
Presidency, in l86g, he was appointed Secretary of State,
his name being sent to the Senate March 5lh, i86g. Find
ing subsequentiy, however, that his health and strength
were inadequate to support the onerous and important
duties of the high position assigned him, he soon after sent
in his resignation, which was accepted March nth, i86g.
He was then appointed United Slates Minister to France,
and officiated as such during the perilous and trying period
of the siege and bombardment of Paris by the Prussian
forces, and the still more trying one, rendered dangerous

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

237

and ajipalling by the memorable exploits and excesses of the
Comraune, and the feats of petroleuses and incendiaries.
Not for a moment, even when environed by flaraes and
reckless communists, while the air was full of the noise of
ball and obus, did he desert his post, and his conduct
throughout that memorable time won for him countless
encomiums and laudations, while Araericans pointed to hira
with pride as a fit representative of their land and people.
During the progress of the investment he exerted himself
ably and fearlessly, not only to shield his own countrymen,
to whom in countless cases he rendered assistance of a
sorely needed and most valuable kind, but as effectively,
also, to protect the properties and persons of those of every
clime who were in peril or poverty in the beleagured city.
The famishing and wounded Parisians found in him a gen
erous helper, and to the hearths and bedsides of numerous
stricken families he carried consolation both in words and
more solid offerings. When Count Bismarck's refusal to
permit the sending of sealed despatches from Paris to for
eign governments was made public, he, in connection with
the Charge d' Affaires of Honduras and the Charge d' Affaires
of Monaco, signed and published a fitting protest against
that arbitrary measure. The following extract frora " The
Besieged Resident in Paris " will illustrate his conduct at a
period fraught with peril for all : " Mr. Washburne remains.
He has done his best to induce the government to agree to
an armistice, and has clearly told them that they ought not
to sacrifice Paris wdthout a prospect of a successful issue.
He is in despair at their decision, and anticipates the worst."
While the London Daily ¦ News wrote as follows: "Mr.
Washburne received yesterday a despatch from his govern
ment — the first which has reached hira since the commence
ment of the siege — inforraing hira that his conduct in re
maining at Paris is approved of. ... . How different
American diplomatists are to the prim old women who
represent us abroad ! . . . . Whether the nuraerous Eng
lish who remain here are then to look to Mr. Washburne or
to the porter (at the vacated English erabassy) for protection
I have been unable to discover." Still our Minister to
France, his actions ever since his appointment to that office
have never fallen below the high level adopted by him, and
doubtless unconsciously, frora his first step toward the
marches on which he has mounted to such a prominent and
honorable station.

«jf<f> MES, ISAAC, Banker, vvas born in New Sharon,
Franklin county, Maine, April gth, 1824. His
father, Isaac H. Ames, was engaged in farming
and agricultural pursuits. His education was
acquired primarily at the common schools in the
vicinity of his home, subsequently at an academy
located in Farmington, where he pursued a course of studies
in the higher brsmches. While occupied in the pursuit of
learning he was also engaged at various tinies in working

on a farm. Upon attaining his twenty-second year he re
moved to Michigan, and Ihere taught school for two or
three years, teaching afterward in Illinois for a similar
period of tirae. Later he engaged in farming at La Salle,
where he resided during the ensuing three years. He then
removed to Sunbury, Livingston county, in the same State,
where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits for a period
of fifteen years. He settled finally, in 1867, in Strealor,
then sparsely seltied and containing but a few houses.
Here he entered into the hardware business, and prosecuted
it until July, 1874, when his establishment was destroyed by
fire. Upon rebuilding his store and re-establishing the
business he turned over its manageraent entirely to his son.
He vvas for two years Supervisor of the town, in Sunbury,
and also Collector of Taxes for the sarae place. At the
present time he is a Director and the Vice-President of Ihe
Union National Bank of Strealor, and is widely recognized
as an expert in financial raatters, and an energetic and
trustworthy man of business. One of the leading members
of the community of Strealor, he is prominently identified
with its interests, and has been instrumental in adding to
the welfare of that tovvn and to the prosperity of its inhab
itants. He was raarried. May 22d, 1850, to Aurelia A.
Mooar.

AVENPORT, COLONEL GEORGE, Pioneer
Trader, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in
1783. When seventeen years of age he vvas
placed in the service of an uncle, who was raaster
of a merchant ship, to learn the seafaring business.
During the next three years his life was passed on
the water. He visited raany seaports on the Baltic, and
touched also at various points on the coasts of France,
Sjiain, and Portugal. In the fall of 1 803 the ship sailed
with a cargo from Liverpool to St. Petersburg. Shortly after
its arrival at the proposed destination an embargo was laid
upon all the English vessels in that port, which vvere taken
possession of by the authorities, while their crews vvere
seized by the Russian government and thrown into prison.
The crew of Mr. Davenport's vessel were arrested and con
fined in an old stone church, where they were compelled to
remain throughout a long and dreary winter, suffering con
stantly from cold, hunger, and rough treatment. In the
spring they were finally released, and their vessel was, after
sorae delay, restored to ils owner. The ship w-'as returning
to Liverpool when an accident occurred which greatly in
fluenced his after life. At the raoraent of departure a
sailor, losing his foothold, fell over the side of the ship and
disappeared in the water. Wishing to save the raan, he
jumped into a small boat near at hand and caught him by
the hair. In jumping he broke a leg, and the cajitain had
him reraoved from the ship to the city, where he was placed
in a hospital. Upon recovering from the consequences of
this disaster he left the hospital, and recrossing the ocean.

238

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

landed in North Araerica. From New Jersey, his first
stopping place, he proceeded to Carlisle, Pennsylvania,
where he became acquainted with a Lieutenant Lawrence,
who induced hira lo erabrace a railitary career, and procured
for him the appointraent of Sergeant. He reraained at the
Cariisle Barracks until 1806, and was then ordered with the
recinient to Nevv Orleans, under the coraraand of General
Wilkinson. The troops raarched across the mountains to
Pittsburgh, and Ihence rowed down the river lo New
Orleans. In the fall of 1806 he was engaged in the expe
dition against the Spaniards, known as the Sabine expedi
tion, and took an active part in the operations consequent
thereupon. At the conclusion of hostilities he returned vvith
the troops to New Orleans, and for some time officiated as
orderly lo General Wilkinson. In the spring of the foUow
ing year he vvas sent with troops to Horaochilto river, in the
Choctaw counlry, where he reraained until fall, when he
returned to Natchez. Pie vvas ordered subsequently on a
recruiting expedition, and went frora New Orleans to Phila
delphia, thence to Baltimore, and finally, in 1809, to Win
chester, Virginia, where he stayed until the spring of 1810.
He was then ordered West and rejoined his regiraent.
Removing lo Bellefontaine, he reraained in this place until
1812, when, connected with Captain Owen's company, he
went in a boat up the Mississippi to an island immediately
below the mouth of Ihe Illinois river. Here he was quar
tered until the ensuing fall, vvhen he vvas sent on an expedi
tion against the Indians on the Illinois river, at Peoria lake,
vvhere Ihe Pqttavvatomies had several villages and were in
considerable force. The soldiers located themselves at that
point and built a block house, being afterward engaged in
various fights with the Indians. Subsequently, after failing
in their efforts to dislodge Ihe troops, Ihe savages proposed
terms of peace, and he, vvith four other soldiere and a parly
of Indians, was sent to treat with General Clark, Superin
tendent of Indian Affairs, at St. Louis. The treaty was
here satisfactorily concluded, and the parly returned to
Bellefontaine. In that region he resided until 1814, at
vvhich date he was ordered to join General Brown, on the
Canada line, and was afterward a participant in many en
gageraents wilh the British. He vvas ultimately honorably
discharged from the service, and vvas employed by Colonel
Morrison, government contractor, of Kentucky, as agent to
supply the Iroojis wilh jirovisions. Frora St. Louis he pro
ceeded lo Ihe mouth of the Des Moines river with the neces
sary stores, and rested there during the ensuing winler. In
1816 the 8th Regiment and a corapany of riflemen landed
on Rock Island, Illinois, and built Ihe stronghold known
afterward as Fort Arraslrong. At Ihis time there were
about ten thousand Indians in the vicinity, whose secret and
often openly avowed policy counselled the utter extermina
tion of Ihe white residents and pioneers. He resided near
the fort, and continued to supply the troops with provisions
for a considerable length of time. He then assuraed Ihe
rale of Indian trader, trading wilh the aborigines for furs

and peltry, and meeting with much success. In 181S he
relinquished the agency for supplying the troops with stores,
and devoted his attention entirely to his transactions with
the Indians, trading in opposition to the American Fur
Company's agents. In 1822 he established a tsading-post
at Fever river, and had branch houses also at Flint hills, at
the mouth of the Iowa river, at Wapsicinicon, and at Mako-
queta rivers ; also three other posts on Rock river. His
principal depot was at Rock Island, whence he distributed
his stores and goods to the various points named. In 1825
he was appointed Postmaster of Rock Island. In 1826 an
arrangement was made by him with the American Fur
Company by which he becarae a member of that body,
selUng to it all his goods, trading-posts, etc. ; the company
in retum giving hira the management of the trade from the
mouth of the Iowa river up as far as Turkey river. In 1834
Rock Island county was organized, and he was elecled one
of the first County Comraissioners of the county. In 1835
the town of Rock Island, originally called Davenport, was
laid out. During the Black Hawk Indian war he received
a coraraission frora Governor Reynolds appointing him
Acting Quartermaster-General, with the rank of Colonel,
but he took no active part in the ranks during this conflict.
Ill 1842 he withdrew from the American Fur Company, and
finally relinquished entirely the Indian trade, in which he
had been engaged for a period of over twenty-three years.
July 4lh, 1845, he was murdered in his house by a band of
robbers, of whora Ihree were ultimately captured and hung
at Rock Island.

OITTLE, THOMAS C, Merchant and Manufac
turer, was born in Castine, Maine, April 24th,
1817, being the son of Otis and Dorothy (Per
kins) Little. He studied in the common schools,
and raade such rapid progress that at the age of
seventeen he became a teacher. In 1835 he
entered a dry-goods house in Castine, and afterwards in a
similar estabUshment in Columbus, Ohio. In 1839 he re
moved to Oregon, Ogle counly, Illinois, and reniained there
until 1840, when he went to Dixon, and started business in
that place on his own account, in partnership wilh John M.
Fish and S. G. D. Ploward, under the firm-name of Fish,
Lillie & Co. Their establishment vvas the second diy-goods
store started in that place. Subsequently the firra vvas
changed lo Little & Howard, and in 1841 the former
secured the business under his exclusive control, and suc
cessfully carried it on for some years under his own name.
In the fall of 1844 he embarked with Joseph B. Brooks in
the same business, under the title of Lillie & Brooks, and
continued it until 1849. In 1850 he bought a farm and
established a nursery, and carried this on with great profit
for nearly twenty-one years. He sold out in 1871. In the
fall of 1870, with his son, Thomas C. Little, he engaged in
the manufacture of the Northwestern Windmill, under the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

239

name of Thomas C. Littie & Co., and continues that industry
up to the present time. He was prominentiy connected wdlh
the eariy municipal government of Dixon. He vvas the first
School Commissioner of Lee county elected by the people.
He has been clerk of the First Baptist Church of Ihal place
since 1843, and deacon since 1859. In 1863 he was elecled
Counly Treasurer, and was re-elected three times, serving
until 1871. As early as 1842 he was a member of the Board
of Town Trustees, and for four years was Township Treas
urer. Pie was one of the first Supervisors elecled. He was
married in 1840 to Eleanor W. Cobb, of Castine, daughter
of Thoraas Cobb, a prorainent lawyer of that place, who was
the son of General David Cobb, one of General Washing
ton's staff. Mr. Little has great business tact and energy.
He has amassed a fine fortune by care and enterprise. His
public services have rendered him very popular in that sec
tion of the State, and have secured for him the general re
spect of the people residing in it.

H GOODRICH, GRANT, Lawyer and ex- Judge, vvas
1 1 'L bom August 1 Ith, 181 2, in Milton, Saratoga county,
l| 1 1 New York. His father, Gideon, was a descendant
of William Goodrich, who eraigrated from Eng
land to this country in 1630, and with his brother
" Thomas settled in Watertown, Massachusetts, in
1636. Thence they removed to Wethersfield, Connecticut,
where the family continued to reside. Here it was that
.Gideon manied, his wife being Eunice Warren, and shortly
after their wedlock they removed to Milton, New York. In
¦1817, when Grant was about six years of age, the faraily went
to Ripley, New York, where his father had purchased large
tracts of land. The household consisted of eight sons and one
daughter, and their parents, and of this family Grant is now
the only living representative. The country was then a new
one, and schools vvere not as yet established. His falher, a
'man of great energy and spirit and especially active in the
promotion of education, hired a private tutor for his children.
This school was maintained in his own house two winters,
and by the gradual addition of his neighbors' children soon
had a very respectable roll-call. When ten years of age
Grant, being in delicate health, went to live with his sister
at Weslfield, where he studied the higher English branches
and the classics with J. C. Centre, a lawyer of that place.
He remained here two years, during vvhich tirae two of his
brothers died of consuraption. His own irapaired heallh
led to serious apprehensions in regard to him. At quite an
early age, the symptoms of consumption, which was an
hereditary disease, began to show themselves, and he was
compelled to abandon studies and enter that field of activily
best calculated to increase his physical strength. His father
had meanwhile removed to Portland Harbor, New York,
where his brother was established as a vessel-owner in the
lake carrying trade. He had since boyhood been enamored

with the ideal sailor's life, and expressed his desire, which
was readily gratified, of making a few trips on his brother's
vessels. The jiure air of the lake and a fair portion of
manual exercise soon improved his health by strengthening
his lungs. He remained on the lake for two years, acquir
ing nevv vigor, both mental and jihysical, and effectuaUy
checked his predisposition to consumption. The practical
knowledge he obtained of seamanship and of all the business
details of the carrying trade has since proved of very great
importance to him in the trial of cases involving maritime
laws. On the expiration of this nautical career he entered
Weslfield Academy, where he completed his education.
Upon leaving this institution he commenced to read law in
the office of Dixon & Smith, reraaining with them until
April, 1834, preparing himself during this period very thor
oughly for the practice of law. Subsequently, during Ihis
year, he removed to Chicago, vvhich then contained scarcely
more than 300 inhabitants and not over a dozen frame
houses. The dwellings generaUy were log cabins and
block-houses, and within a radius of thirty miles there was
no other settlement of importance. In company with a
young associate, he located a claim in Du Page counly, the
present site of Warrenssville, vvhich they shortiy after sold.
Sorae considerable time was passed by Mr. Goodrich in
travelling through the State. Plis observations on Ihis tour
convinced him that the fine prairie lands must within a
short period rapidly develop into a fine farming counlry, and
that Chicago would necessarily be the grand distributing
point for the produce raised in that section of the West.
Upon his return to that city he opened a lavv office and
engaged extensively in real estate operations. He quickly
realized through the exercise of excellent judgraent and
keen business ability what was then considered a very hand
some fortune. There prevailed at that time a real estate
exciteraent which occasioned the rapid growth of property
in valuation. Until the year 1836 real estate operations
w^ere conducted iijion a very large scale, and the surround
ing country was quickly cut uji into tracts for agricultural
development. Mr. Goodrich concluded that in this busi
ness there must soon come a reaction, and prudently ar
ranged his own affairs to meet and successfuUy bridge over
an impending crisis. There foUowed in 1836-7 a general
depression, and so far as his individual affairs were con
cerned, he was prepared for it. The city was then raade up
very largely of young raen, among whom there existed an
eamest fraternal sympathy. A large nuraber of his friends
were involved in the financial crash which ensued, and Mr.
Goodrich, wdth an impulsive generosity which always char
acterized hira, accorainodated their pajier to the araount of
$60,000, for which he becarae liable. He manfully shoul
dered the burden with no atterapt to coraproraise or evade
this liability, and spent eighteen of the best years of his life
before he became relieved of the heavy pecuniary responsi
bility which through a friendly irajiulse he had voluntarily
taken. He first entered into partnership with A. N. Fuller-

240

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

ton, but dissolved it upon the expiralion of one year. In
1835 he associated in the law business wdth the late Giles
Spring, and this partnership was continued until 1 85 1 , when
Mr. Spring was elected Judge of the County Court of Cook
county. Their practice, though large, up to 1 850 was not
particularly remunerative by reason of the embarrassed con
dition of the country. In 1854 he formed a partnership
with W. W. FarweU, who is now the Circuit Judge of Cook
county, and in 1856 Sidney Sraith was added, the firm be
coming known as Goodrich, Farwell & Smith. It soon
obtained the reputation of being one of the ablest law firms
in the Northwest. Each member excelled in some particu
lar branch of the profession. Their practice becarae very
extensive and lucrative both in Illinois and the neighboring
States, and embraced cases in all the local, Slate and Fed
eral courls. Mr. Goodrich applied himself so zealously and
so unceasingly to the burdensome duties which were forced
upon him, that in 1857 his health failed and he was admon
ished to retire for a time from the active duties of his pro
fession. Acting upon the advice of his physician he went
to Europe and remained there until the spring of 1859.
Upon his retura he was elected one of the Judges of the
Superior Court of Chicago, and held that position for more
than four years. On retiring from the bench he resuraed
his place at the head of the firra of Goodrich, Farwell &
Sraith, and labored industriously in this connection until
1870. He then retired from general practice, confining his
attention only to important cases. As a lawyer and judge
his reputation is unsurpassed. He was thoroughly read
in all branches of law, and was in fact a close student of
that science even after he had attained distinction at the
bar. He has been very prominent in educational and
religious raovements, and was one of the most active pro
jectors of the Northwestern University. He, with others,
had long felt the necessity for securing better collegiate
advantages than had hitherto existed, in order that the
inteUectual should keep pace with the material prosperity of
the city. In connection wdth Dr. J. Evans, Orrington Lunt,
J. R. Bottsford, Williara Whelen, and Philo Judson, he
originated a plan for a preparatory departraent in Chicago,
and for that purpose bought a half-block upon the site of
which now stands the Grand Pacific Plotel. The purchase
was effected on a credit of five years. In 1853 they bought
of Dr. John Foster 400 acres of land, now the site of Evanston
and Northwestern University, for $25,000, all of this araount,
with the excejition of $1000, on acredit of five years, the
bond being guaranteed by Mr. Goodrich and his fellow-
trustees. In the following year the railroad from Chicago
to Milwaukee was run through this property. This tract
was increased by additional purchases, and laid out by the
trustees in tovvn lots. Teraporary buildings were erected
and the new educational institution was thrown open to the
public. The proceeds of the sale of these lots were applied
to the erection of substantial structures and the procuring
of educational appliances, at an aggregate cost of over

$150,000. Upon a valuation of the property on hand and
the proceeds of sales raade by the trustees, the total was
found to be $1,200,000. This university was very soon
placed by the careful and judicious management of Mr.
Goodrich and the other members of the board in a very
flourishing condition, and it is now wiihout a superior in
this country eilher in regard to the high character and com
prehensiveness of its curriculum or the thoroughness of its
methods of instruction. There are now over 800 students
connected with the various departments, which comprise a
college, female college, law school, school of technology,
and a theological seminary which is known as the
Ganett Biblical Seminary, which was endowed by the
late Eliza Garrett. To Mr. Goodrich are the public
largely indebted for the establishraent and permanent
success of this institution. The First Methodist Church and
the building known as the Methodist Episcopal Church
block is also a monument to his foresight and devotion to
the cause of reUgion. This church owned a lot of 133 feet
on Clark and 80 feet on Washington streets. As is -usually
the case in large and rapidly growing cities, the tide of busi
ness was crowding places of worship beyond the business
centres. In 1858 the question of selling this property and
of erecting another and raore spacious building- farther up
town was first agitated in the congregation. There were
many projects presented for the most advantageous disposition
of this property, and Mr. Goodrich advocated the erection on
the site of this church a business block, reserving all save the
third and fourth stories, for offices, stores and other business
purposes. These two stories were to be kept and maintained
for all time as a place of worship. This plan encountered
much opposition, but was eventually seconded by the raera
bership. A Uberal charter vvas secured authorizing the erec
tion of a suitable structure. It contained, in addition to the
provisions above mentioned, a stipulation that the proceeds
in the shape of profits, rents, etc., derived from the buUding,
after setting aside $2000 for the support of the ministry,
should be devoted to the purchase of lots and the erection
of churches in the city of Chicago. A loan sufficient to pay
for the erection of this building was successfully negotiated,
the building vvas raised, and at the time of the great fire the
indebtedness had all been paid off, and $60,000 had been dis
bursed pursuant to the provisions of the charter. The chtirch
block was insured mostly in reliable companies, and a new
building has since been erected at a cost of $125,000. The
revenue derived therefrom is above $32,000 annually, and
the church, as now constituted and managed, has aided many
a weak sister congregation to recover from the disastrous
results of thiit conflagration. The First Methodist Episcopal
Church still remains in the business centre of the city, and
the pressure of trade or love of gain cannot crowd it away.
Mr. Goodrich suffered severely by the flre of 1 87 1 . Pie has
been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since
1832. Pie is an earnest churchman, and attends to spiritual
matters with the same zeal that has characterized his treat-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

241

ment of temporal things. I-Ie was a delegate to the last
general conference, and has accomplished much for the
ad-vancement of religion. He is a sound Lawyer, and while
upon the bench characterized his adrainistration of justice
by a thorough interpretation of the laws, unbiased by any
motives of gain or friendship. Originally he was a Whig,
and his earnest opposition to the institution of slavery made
him one of the eariiest advocates of the Free-Soil parly. Wilh
this organization he was prominently identified until it was
absorbed in the Republican party. He extended an earnest
support to Mr. Lincoln, and warmly seconded aU the meas
ures adopted by the, government to suppress the rebellion.
As one of the Directors of the Freedraen's Aid Society,
he did much to advance its interests, and was also a mem
ber of the Union Defence Committee during the war. He
is a gentieman who has earned the confidence and esteem
of the entire coraniunity, not only through the fidelity with
which he filled his judicial duties, but for Ihe great efforts
which he made in the causes of education and religion. At
all times he has shown a rare degree of public spirit, project
ing raany imjirovements for the benefit of his fellow-citizens,
and warraly seconding those originated by others. He is a
man of cultivated tastes and prepossessing raanners. He
has amassed a considerable fortune, which is a monument to
his skill and industry, and dispenses its benefits with a gen
erous hand. He was married in 1836 to Juliet Atwater,
of Weslfield, New York, and has five children. One mar
ried daughter resides, at Sl. Louis, one son is in Stullgardt,
Germany, where he is completing his education, one is en
gaged in manufacturing at Boston, Massachusetts, and one
is at home.

AGAY, BENJAMIN F., Lawyer, was born in
Pleasant Town-ship, Fairfield county, Ohio, Feb
ruary 27th, 1831. His father, Abraham B. Kagay,
of Gerraan extraction, is still living, at the age of
seventy-two years. His mother, Sarah (Hall)
Kagay, of Scotch-Irish parentage, died while in her
fifty-fourth year. He was the recipient of a comraon school
education, perfected by his own after efforts. From his six
teenth to his twenty-second year he vvas occupied in leach
ing, and in the meantime prosecuted the study of law. En
tering subsequently upon the active practice of his profession,
he soon built up a large and remunerative business in Effing
ham county, Illinois, which has since engrossed his time and
attention. He has been President of Ihe Board of Trustees
of Effinghara, and twice filled the Supervisorship of the
town of Douglas. For two terras he vvas Chairraan of the
Board of Supervisors of Effingham county, and was Chair
man also of the Building Committee of the Effinghara County
Court House. He was a raember of Ihe Illinois Legislature
of 1871-1872, and prior to Ihis officiated, in 1867, as the
first Mayor of the city of Effingham. Pie is a member of
Ihe law finn of Cooper & Kagay, one of the most successful
31

partnerships in the counly. He was married February 6th,
1853, in Fayette county, Illinois, to Martha J. Slants, and
has had five children, three of whora are living. His eldest
child, a daughter, is novv the wife of A. B. Judkins, of
Springfield, an accomplished musician and gentleraan.

ALMER, POTTER, is a native of Potter's Hollow,
Albany county. New York. His grandparents
were Quakers, and raoved thither at an early day
frora New Bedford, Massachusetts. During the
Revolutionary war this town was sacked by the
British, and his ancestors were araong the suffer-
His grandfather at fifteen years of age enlisted in the
and served until he received a wound that raade hira
a cripple for life. His father, Benjarain Palraer, vvas an
extensive farraer, and died in 1859 at the age of sixty-eight.
Both parents were raembers of the Quaker Society, and to
their wdse and firm training he is accustoraed to attribute his
success in life. They taught hira from eariy boyhood the
preciousness of time, and when not at school he was expected
to be at work. The habit of industry thus forraed he has
always adhered to, and it has enabled hira to conduct a
business which required an iraraense amount of labor. At
eighteen he engaged as clerk in the store of Hon. Platt
Adaras, in Durhara, New York, where he reraained three
years, having entire charge of the concern during Ihe last
year. When he becarae of age he opened a store at Oneida,
Nevv York, where he reraained two years and a half. He
theii removed to Lockport and remained one year, when his
ambition to do a still larger business led him to remove to
Chicago, where he opened a dry-goods store. Comraencing
at first on a raoderate scale, his trade steadily increased
until, after thirteen years, the narae of Potter Palmer became
familiar to the entire trade of the West. He had faith in
Chicago, and did not hesitate to incur the risks demanded.
The rise in goods at the comraenceraent of, the war found
him wdth a full stock on hand, and from that time onward,
he continued to carry iraraense araounts of goods both there
and in New York, reaping large gains from every advance.
After thus accumulating a princely fortune he retired from
mercantile life in the winter of 1865. During the war he
was unwavering and practical in his loyalty, and at its close
the govemment was indebted to him to Ihe extent of three-
quarters of a mUlion dollars. He had, before retiring from
business, reraoved his residence to New York, where he was
engaged in buying for his western business, and continued a
resident of that city for about three years. He sold out to
the firm of Field, Leiler & Co., whose business has increased
to still greater proportions, and is now by far the heaviest
diy-goods house in the West. Mr. Palmer then invested his
raeans in Chicago real estate, of which he bought an im
mense amount, owning at one time nearly a mile along
State street. He built the magnificent structure occupied by

a42

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Field, Leiler & Co., a fine hotel called the Palraer House
and other buildings. Then carae the great fire of 187 1 and
swept away his stores and hotel, and caused hira immense
loss over and above all insurance. He had at that lime a
new and finer hotel in progress, and when the smoke cleared
away he resumed operations on it, and in about two years
had completed the present Palraer House, the pride of the
city and the largest and finest hotel in the country, if not m
the worid. It is fire-proof, with => front of iron, and built
wiihout a single wooden lath or other wooden partition, and
wilh its marble stair-cases, parior fittings of silk, and beauti
ful frescoing, is jirobably the first thing of the kind in the
worid. It has six hundred guest rooms, beside at least one
hundred olher rooras needed to ran Ihe house. It was built
to be fire-jiroof, regardless of expense, and cost over two
million doUars, and has so far reaUzed its purpose that one
room in it took fire and burned itself out before those in the
house were aware of Ihe fact. Mr. Palraer, in seeking for
plans for it, consulted various architects and traveUed in
Europe, but it may be truly said that the hotel was on the
whole planned really by himself Although losing heavily
by the fire, and owning an iramense araount of real estate ra
Chicago Ihat in Ihe jircsent prolonged depression of the
times is not worlh what it has been and wiU be again, he is
still one of the wealthiest men of the West. He was raar
ried in the suramer of 1870 to Bertha Honore, daughter of
II. H. Honore, another of Ihe famous capitalists of Chicago,
by whom he has one son. He has since Ihe fire also con
structed fine business blocks, and is a partner in the carjiet
house of AUen, Mackey & Co., of Chicago. Mr. Palmer is
about fifty years of age, unpretentious in manner, and vvhen
not driven vvith business is sociable and pleasant society.

rvETTINGER, MATTHIAS, Merchant, was bom
in Keffenach, Alsace-Lorraine, France, January
24lh, 1819, being Ihe son of Joseph and Magdalena
(Pflugmacher) Hettinger. He vvas educated in
his native place, and in 1836, in company with an
elder brother, emigrated lo Araerica. They located
at Williamsville, New York, vvhere Matthias worked at the
trade of wagon-making for two years, and Ihen reraoved to
Canton, Ohio. From Ihis jilace he went to Portsmouth,
Ohio, vvhere he stayed three years, and engaged during this
period in the manufacture of plows. In 1841 he removed to
PYeejiort, Illinois, and worked as journeyraan at wagon
making for a short time, and during Ihe same year started a
shop on a small scale for manufacturing and repairing
wagons, buggies, etc. He added lo this enterprise a black
smith shop, and employed about seven hands. In Ihe year
1845 he surrendered Ihis business and purchased a brewery,
known as Ihe " Yellow Creek " brewery, and continued this
establishment for twenty-two years. During this time some
unimportant changes occurred by Ihe admission and retire

ment of one or two partners. The brewery is situated about
two miles from the town of Freeport, and sends beer to all
the surrounding places within a radius of fifty miles, includ
ing Galena and olher large communities. Mr. Hettinger
also during this period bought and cultivated a fann in the
neighborhood. In 1865 he was prominently concerned in
the formation of the Gerraan Insurance Company of Freeport,
of which he was the first President. He was chosen to this
position in 1866, and retained it until 1871, when he retired
for two years. Again, in 1873, he resumed this office, and
now fills it. In 1867 he gave up the brewing business, in
which he had made a fine reputation and amassed a fortune,
and in 1870, in partnership with Francis BcEckie, commenced
lo deal in grain. During this year, Mr. Boeckie retired and
Jacob WiUiams became a partner, the firm being known as
Hettinger & Williams. The business was enlarged to in
clude transactions in coal and salt. They shipped large
quantities of ground feed to North Wisconsin and other
points. This feed is ground by raachinery worked by an
engine of eight horse power. Mr. Hettinger has been Su
pervisor 6f the town of Silver Creek and' Freeport, as well
as Alderman of the latter city. He was one of the committee
appointed to erect the new Freejiort Court House, and in all
his public service has filled his duties with abilily and fidelity.
In 1845 he was married to Cordelia Torry of Freeport, who
died in 1851. In 1856 he was married to Elizabeth Gund,
of Freeport.

TKINSON, CHARLES, President of the Moline
Water Power Company, and Operator in Real
Estate, was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts,
May i8th, 1808. His parents were Williara
Atkinson and Anna (Lillie) Atkinson.- His edu
cation was acquired at the coramon schools in the
vicinity of his home. In 1824 he found employraent as a
clerk in a store at Nashua, Nevv Hampshire, where he re
raained during the ensuing seven years. In 1831 he estab
lished himself in business on his own account in Ihe sarae
Jilace, as a dealer in diy goods, interesting himself also in a
hat raanufacturing business in conjunction wdth his brother,
under the style of W. & C. Atkinson. The latler business
vvas subsequentiy continued by Ihe brothers in New LoweU,
Massachusetts. He afterward engaged in business also in
VennonI, and in Nevv York city, vvhere he was employed in
insurance transactions. In 1835 he removed to Hemy
county, Illinois, being one of the first pioneers and setders
of that county, and there built the first frarae house in this
section. Primarily he turned his attention to farming, but
was unsuccessful in his agricultural operations, and after an
experience of eight years, abandoned farm life entirely. In
1843 he moved lo Moline, where, after working vvith a team
for some time, he purchased in 1844 a share in a small iron
foundry located in Ihe town, but in 1845 disposed of his in
terest in Ihat establishment. In 1846 he built a saw and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

243

planing mill, the first of its kind ever worked north of St.
Louis. In 1850 he sold the mill and became a Director in
the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad. Previously he had
been connected with railroad matters through the agency of
various coal lands in Bureau county, Illinois, which had
been operated by a company that bought the grounds and
worked Ihe mines, and in which he filled Ihe secretaryship.
In 185J he relinquished his relations wilh railroad trans
actions, and in 1857 withdrew also from the coal business.
Frora the latter date down to the present tirae, he has been
absorbed in real estate operations, meeting wilh great suc
cess. In 1868 the Moline Water Power Company vvas pro
jected and organized, and he became the President of thai
enterprise, an office which he still retains. The government,
by becoraing Ihe owner of the island known as Rock Island,
on which Ihe arsenal is now being built, had acquired a great
interest in the water power here, and the' Moline Water
Power Company was estabUshed at the conclusion of the
attendant negotiations. The Moline Water Power Company
was successor to the old Moline Dam Company. He is one
of the original proprietors of Ihe town of Moline, and of lale
years has dealt extensively in real estate throughout the
district. He is prominently identified wilh the local history
of this section, and in raany ways has been chiefly instru
raental in accelerating its development, and in contributing
to the advance of- its welfare, both social and jiolitical. He
has been connected wilh almost every notable movement
affecting his adopted town, and is recognized by all as a
most useful and estimable citizen. He was married in 1830
to Ann Eliza Bates, of Nashua, New Harapshire.

¦ CLEAN, JOHN, M. D., was bora in FrankUn
county, Illinois, October 7th, 1837. His ancestors
were Scotch, his immediate connections natives
of the South, who emigrated to Illinois at an early
day. His parents were James A. McLean and
Lydia McLean. His earlier and preparatory
education was acquired in the public schools of his native
place, and on the completion of the course of studies allotted
him there, he comraenced to read medicine, under the pre
ceptorship cf Dr. Francis Ronalds. Wilh that tutor he
prosecuted his medical studies for a period of eighteen
months, then removed lo St. Louis, and attended the lectures
given at the St. Louis Medical College during 1860-1861.
At the outbreak of the Southern rebellion he entered the
service of the Uniled Stales as a privale in the 40lh Regiment
of Illinois Infantry. In November, 1861, he was promcted
to a Lieutenancy, and served ably and faithfully in that
capacity until April, 1862, when he was wounded at the
battie of Pittsburgh Landing. In the ensuing Septeraber
his resignation vvas tendered and accepted, and he went to
Chicago, where he attended, in the wdnler of 1862-1863, the
lectures of the Rush Medical College; frora which institution

he ultimately graduated. He then, in June, 1863, reraoved
to Duquoin, in the same State, and making that place his
home,, entered at once upon Ihe active practice of his pro
fession, raeeting wilh success upon Ihe threshold. He is a
valued raeniber of the Soulhern Illinois Medical Association,:
and is regarded by his professional coUeagues and the gen
eral community as an esliraable, trustworthy and cultured
practitioner. He was married in 1864 to Helen P. Ward,
of Duquoin, who died in 1870. In 1872 he was again raar
ried, to Eugenie Paris, of Bloomington, Illinois.

UTZ, EDWARD, Ex-State Treasurer of Illinois,
was born in Baden, Germany, May 5th, 1829.
Plis parents were natives of Ihe same place. He
was educated at the Polytechnical Institute at
Carlsrahe, where he remained untd he was eighleeri
years of age, and then removed to Sl. Clair counly,
Illinois. There he engaged in farming,, and later was em- ^
ployed in various capacities until 1854. He then reraoved
to Iowa, and filled the position of Assistant-Engineer of the
city of Davenport, residing in this place during Ihe ensuing
two years. Frora Iowa he proceeded farther to the West,
as far as Kansas, seeking a position in the Surveyor-General's
office, for which he was highly recomraended, bul on account
of his known principles as a " Free-Soiler," and the conse
quent opposition of those in power, he raet wilh failure. He
then found eraployment as a Surveyor in different localities
of the State, and finaUy, pushed by stress of circumstances,
accepted a position under the government to convey supplies
lo Salt Lake City. This place, however, offering few in
ducements to remain, he, in company wilh others, crossed
the plains, wilh St. Bernardus, California, for a proposed
destination, taking the Southem route. After being em-:
ployed for a brief period in this place, he removed to Lo.s
Angeles, and was there engaged in the surveyor's office
until 1 86 1, also in various other occupations. At the out
break of the civil war, he entered the service of Ihe Uniled
States as a private in Battery C, of the 3d United Stales Ar
tillery, Captain Ransom, and served until the expiralion of
his term of enlistment for three years, being mustered out as
a Sergeant, to which position he had been promoted. While
in service he took part in Ihe siege of Yorktown, and in the
batties of Williamsburg, South Mounlain, Antietara, Fred
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and also in many
other minor engagements; On his return from the field, he
went to Belleville, St. Clair counly, Illinois, where he was
elected County Surveyor, and later, for three successive
terms, Counly Treasurer. In 1872 he was elecled on the
Oglesby ticket to Ihe Stale Treasuryship, an office whose ira
portant duties he perforraed wdth such fidelity and ability as
to leave no room for complaint or censure. He is an active
and honored member of the Republican party, and has
always been one of its most zealous and steadfast supportei'Si

244 Since his retireraent to private life he has been living tran
quilly at his horae, although, in the near future, he pur
poses re-engaging in business. He was married in 1866
to Miss Maus, of BelleviUe, a daughter of one of the oldest
settiers in the county.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

initial yet flourishing condition of the Chicago rotanical
Gardens. He is a member of the State Microscopical So
ciety, and in 1874 acted as President of that body. He was
married in June, 1861, to Mary P. Keyes, of SomerviUe,
Massachusetts.

iiABCOCK, H. H., Botanist, etc., was born in the
town of Thelford, Verraont, December igih, 1832.
His father. Rev. E. G. Babcock, Congregationalist,
was during a period of eighteen years a settler in
the above-named section of Vermont ; he was a
member of the Babcock family of Massachusetts,
and a member also of the first class wdiich took a conijilete
course at Amherst College, an event occurring in 1825.
His mother, nee Eliza Hibberd, was a descendant of the
stera old Scotch Presbyterians of that name, wdio were
araong the first of those pioneers who seltied in London
derry, Nevv Hampshire, and ils vicinity. He was prepared
for college at the academ.y in Thelford, and in i84g entered
the Dartmouth CoUegiate Institute. At the expiration of a
two years' course, however, he was compelled to turn his
thoughts toward the gaining of a livelihood, and became a
teacher in the public schools of Dedham, Massachusetts.
Eighteen months later he was called to become the Prin
cipal ofthe Public School of Newton, Massachusetts, where
he remained for neariy six years. Subsequentiy his services
were sought for and obtained by the High School located
at Somerville, in the sarae State ; of this establishment he
reraained in charge until 1867, when he removed to Chicago.
Upon his arrival in that city he purchased the property
known and used as Ihe Chicago Academy, and, al once
taking charge of that inslilute of learning, he entered ac
tively upon the accomplishraent of his acaderaical duties,
and since then has been thus con5l<antly occupied. His is
a privale acaderay, and ihe various courses of study erabrace
every requisite branch, while, from the alphabet to those
higher studies preceding the entry into coUege life, each de
partment receives careful and rigid attention. As a teacher.
Professor Babcock is thoroughly efficient, and his merited
repulalion as an instructor has made the acaderay one of the
raost popular and prosperous institutes of Ihe kind in Chi
cago. He is prorainentiy identified wilh various scientific
societies, and is constantly and actively interested in the
progress of the arts and sciences. For raany years he has
been a valued raeniber of the Chicago Acaderay of Natural
Sciences, and at the present tirae is the Vice-President of
tiiat institution. Pie is also the Professor of Botany in the
College of Pharmacy, and Director of the Botanical Garden.
As a botanist he has been zealous, acute and thorough in
his researches ; and during many years past has been in con
tinuous communication wdlh raany of the faraous scienlists
and botanists of Ihe vvorld, receiving from Ihem rare and
valuable speciraens of trees, plants, etc. To his exertions
is mainly due the successful develojiracnt and present

INSMORE, REV. J. W., Pastor of the Second
Presbyterian Church of Blooraington, Illinois,
was bora in Canton township, Washington
county, Pennsylvania, March I3lh, l83g. His
parenls are William and Rebecca Dinsmore;
his falher was extensively engaged in farming and
agricultural pursuits ; his ancestors, on both the maternal
and paternal sides, were of Scotch-Irish extraction, and
noted for their piety and religious devotion ; on his father's
side, especially, for several generations back his predecessors
have been prominently connected with the history of Presby
terianism bolh in this country and in Ireland; his great-
crandfalhcr, James Dinsraore, eraigrated frora County An
trim, Ireland, lo Pennsylvania in 1761, where his branch
of the faniily has .since perraanentiy resided ; his mother's
father was a Revolutionary soldier, and effectively served
Ihe cause vvhich he espoused. Until he had attained his
fourteenth year he attended the sessions of a common
school, and vvas instructed by a tutor in his father's family,
and at that dale was transferred to an academy lo be fitted
for college. Graduating from Washington College, Penn
sylvania, in 1859, he imraediately entered the Western
Theological Serainary, at Allegheny City, in Ihe same State,
one of the leading educational establishments of the Pres
byterian Church ; in this institution he spent two years,
passed in incessant study, graduating in 1862. Prior to
Ihis, in April, 1861, he had been licensed to preach the
gospel by the Presbytery of Washington, but, desiring to
acquire a more varied and extensive acquaintance wilh
theology and subjects of a kindred nature, he decided to
pursue his researches for a further period of two years.
Throughout his years of study he was noted for his clear
ness of perception, accuracy of thought, and unremitted in
dustry, and ever held a high rank among his colleagues.
In January, 1863, through the invitation of a small Presby
terian church, he visited Cambria, Wisconsin, and spent
several weeks in Ihat locality. On the ensuing May 2d he
returned to Cambria and took charge of the Presbyterian
church existing there. After a residence of one year in
Ihis place, through Ihe invitation of a number of Presby
terians vvho had removed from New York city nnd ils vi
cinity to Prairie-du-Sac, Wisconsin, he visited the latler
place, and was eminently successful in organizing a Presby
terian church. In that picturesque and tranquil village he
reraained for a period of six years, during which tirae a fine
and coraraodious church building was erecled, also a cora
fortable parsonage, and a parochial academy, which has
since been in successful operation. There, wilh much leis-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

245

ure lime, and in the society of a highly cu'livaled people,
he Wias enabled to devote himself lo extensive and profit
able study, and to acquire a still deeper insight into the
divine mysteries of the Christian religion. In the spring of
1870 he was called to the charge of the Second Presbyterian
Church of Blooraington, Illinois, and allhough he had pre
viously declined two similar calls, he felt in this case that it
was his duty to obey, and in the following July removed to
his new scene of labor, and Ihere began his ministry. The
church had been considerably weakened by minor dissen
sions and troubles, but in a reraarkably short space of time
entire harraony was restored, and Ihe church entered upon
an era of prosperity not equalled in its previous history.
During Ihe first three years of his pastorale upward of three
hundred persons were added to ihe communion ofthe church,
and the increase in the number of communicants has been
constant and rapid. The Second Presbyterian Church is at
the present tirae one of the largest and strongest churches
in the Stale, and with the exception of sorae few in Chicago
is surpassed by none. Its pastor is a finished classical
scholar, and is unusually well versed in Ihe Scriptures in
their original languages. He was married in December,
1862, to Ada Vance, formerly a resident of Ravenna, Ohio,
and the products of this union have been four children, two
of whora, boys, are living, and two deceased.

AVAGE, REV. GEORGE S. F., D. D., Financial
Secretary and Treasurer of the Chicago Theologi
cal Seminary, was born in what is now Cromwell,
Connecticut, June 29lh, 1817. He vvas early left
an orphan, both parents dying before he was fifteen
years old. At the age of fourteen he united with
the church, and seven years afterward was led lo devote his
life to the ministry, and entered the class of 1844 at Yale.
After graduation he spent one year in theological sludies at
Andover, Massachusetts, and two years at New Haven,
graduating in August, 1847. On September 28lh, 1847, he
was ordained as a home missionary at Middletown, Connect
icut, and on the same day was married to Elizabeth P.
Prudden. The next day he left for the West, with a com
mission from the American Horae Missionary Society to
any open field of labor in northern Illinois or in Wisconsin.
The following Noveraber he accepted a call to the pastorate
ofthe Congregational Church at St. Charles, Illinois, where
he reraained for twelve years ; nearly four hundred being
added lo the raerabership during that period. For four
years ofthe tirae he vvas connected vvith the religious press,
as Conesponding Editor of the Prairie Herald and the Con
gregational Herald, published in Chicago. In i85g he was
" drafted " from the pastorale, which he greatly preferred
to any other work, into the service of the American Tract
Society of Boston, as Secretary for the West, and removed
to Chicago, Januaiy 1st, i860, where he has ever since re

sided. I-Ie continued in this service ten years, devoting
most of his time during the four years of Ihe war lo sani-
lary and religious work in the array, in camps, hospitals,
and on battlefields. In 1870 he becarae the Western Secre
tary of the Congregational Publishing Society, continuing in
that relation two years, when he accepted the jiosi of Finan
cial Secretary (and since has been appoinled Treasurer also)
of the Chicago Theological Seminary, which position he
now holds. As supplementary to his official duties, he pub
lished and was for three years Associate Editor of the Con
gregational Review, which after the great fire was merged
in the New Englander. As a Trustee of Beloit College
for twenty-five years, and a Director of the Chicago Theo
logical Seminary from ils first inception in 1854, he has
sought the interests of higher education in Ihe West. In
1870 he received the honorary degree of D. D. from low'a
College. To a friend he wrote, after the great fire : " I
have been privileged with an abundance of hard work,
which I have greatly enjoyed ; and although I have twice
been ' cleaned out ' by fires, the last of which — the great fire
of Chicago in 1871 — swept away horae, library, the fruits
of study for all Ihe past, and the accuraulated household
treasures of raany years, I have wanted for no needful good
thing, and live in blessed hope, through Christ Jesus, of an
eternal inheritance in the better land." He has a general
oversight of the affairs of the seminary, beside duties al the
installation and ordination of ministers, which require his
presence in raany locaUties outside of the city, and which
make him well known throughout the Norlhwest.

LOOMFIELD, GENERAL IRA J., Teacher,
Lawyer and Soldier, vvas born, November 27th,
1835, in Butier counly, Ohio, and is a son of
John Bloorafield, a descendant of Governor
Joseph Bloorafield of New Jersey. In the spring
of 1837 his parents removed lo Fulton county,
Illinois, where in youlh he endured Ihe hard labor and
privations incident to a frontier settlement, but which gave
hira a vigorous constitution, and laid Ihe foundation of
those habits of industry and frugality for which he is slill
distinguished. He there received such education as could
be obtained in the coraraon schools of a new counlry, but
having a good meraory he read attentively everyihing witiiin
his reach, vvhich inspired him with a strong desire for a
belter education. He frequently requested to be sent away
to school, but his father only possessed small means, and
insisted that if his son was worth an education he could
obtain it himself, otherwise il was useless to expend any
money upon him. In the suraraer of 1854, having cut with
a cradle forty-five acres of grain for his falher, and worked
ten days in harvest for Ihe neighbors, for which he received
fifteen dollars, his falher gave Ihis raoney, the balance of
his time, and what few books and clothes he possessed, and

246

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOI'JiDlA.

he started out in life intent upon acquiring a good educa
tion. By alternately leaching and going to school, he ob
tained a fair English education, and sorae knowledge of
the Latin and Greek languages, and for several terms at
tended the Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio. On his re
turn to Illinois he stopped at Bloomington, where he learned
of a vacancy in the High School, made application and was
at once chosen Principal, and subsequently Superintendent
of the city schools ; he there reraained until the outbreak
of the Rebellion. He then enlisted as a privale soldier,
and rose by proraotion through Ihe several grades lo Ihat of
Brevet Brigadier-General of Volunteers, taking part in all
the raarches, battles, sieges and carapaigns of the Array of
the Tennessee, including Ihe capture of Island No. 10,
Corinth, Vicksburg, Atlanta and Savannah; the march
with Sherman to Ihe sea, and the return through the Caro
linas, ending in the grand review at Washington, District
of Columbia; and was finally honorably mustered out of
service at Louisville, Kentucky, July 20lh, 1865, after a littie
over four years constanl service. He was engaged in Iwenly-
eight hard-foughl battles, besides almost innumerable skir
mishes ; had two horses shot under him in battle, and was
hiraself twice wounded. After the close of the war he re
turned to Blooraington, where he studied lavv and was ad
mitted to the bar. In the spring of 1867, without any solici
tation or even knowledge upon his part, he was ajipoinled
United States Pension Agent al Springfield, Illinois, a jiosi
tion wdiich he held for two years, and was then appointed
Supervisor of Internal Revenue for the Slate of Illinois, In
April, 1871, he resigned, and resumed Ihe practice of his
profession in Blooraington, which he has since pursued wilh
marked abdity and success. In the winter of 1864, while
horae on veteran furlough, he married Kale I,, daughter
of Dr, Philip Young of Blooraington, his affianced bride
before Ihe war began,- Their faraily consists of two interest
ing daughters, one of nine and two years of age. They
possess a comfortable home, a reasonable competence, and
a large circle of plea.sant friends and acquaintances.

; PRAGUE, ALBERT A., Merchant, was born in
Randolph, Vermont, May igih, 1835. Plis falher
was a farmer and general produce dealer. He
first attended common school, then fitted for col
lege at Kimball's Union Academy, Meriden, Nevv
Hampshire, and entered Yale, where he graduated
It is a wholesorae sign for a city when two of the
heaviest grocery houses of the West are presided over by
raen of such education as A. A. Spr.ague and Franklin
McVeagh, both graduates of Yale. He then assisted his
falher for a period, and in the spring of 1862 went to Chi
cago, and in compiiny wilh Mr. Stetson started a wholesale
groceiy business. In the fall of 1862 he was married lo
Miss Atwood, of Royalton, Vermont, by whom he has one

in 1859.

child living, having lost two. After the first year Ihe firm
was changed to its present name and style of Sprague,
Warner & Co. They vvere burned out in the great fire,
and resumed business the very next day. Their business
has grown to enormous jirojiortions, having increased
steadily from $200,000 per annum to ils present figure of
$2,500,000; theyare doing, perhaps, the heaviest counlry
trade of any house in the city. Pie is a Director of the
Chicago Relief Association ; for many years was a meraber of
the Third Presbyterian Church, and is now of the Ashland
Avenue Presbyterian Church of Chicago. Pie is a gentle
raan of high-toned integrity, having Ihe respect of his com
peers in trade, and has brought Ihe business steadily up to
ils present importance by his guidance and raanageraent,
.assisted by two of the most competent partners that cotdd
be selected ; his brother having a reraarkably keen business
abilily, and Mr. Warner, the son of a banker, having been
thoroughly trained in the school of finance; thus nniking a
strong teara, which may be looked upon as Ihe coraing
grocery house of Chicago, if not already such ; all are mea
of integrity and Christian character.

/fyAMLIN, HON. JOHN, Pioneer Trader, Merchant
¦** and Banker, vvas born in Wilbraham, Harapden
counly, Massachusetts, October 25lh, 1800. His
falher, John Hamlin, was formerly engaged in
farming and agricultural pursuits. His education
was acquired in Ihe neighboring common schools
of his native Stale, and also in a private academy, where he
vvas a student during one term. In the suraraer raonths,
while in his boyhood, he vvas engaged in laboring on Ihe
paternal farm, attending in Ihe winter season Ihe sessions
ofthe public school. Upon the attainment of his sixteenth
year he eng.aged in an itinerant trading business, selling
notions of various kinds. In the spring of i8ig he moved
about from place lo place thus employed, .and seltied finaUy
in Sangaraon county, Illinois, where he opened a general
slore, and for eighteen raonths was engrossed in that busi
ness. In March, 1822, he took up his residence at Peoria,
Peoria county, in Ihe .same Stale, where, with a few excep
tions, he has ever since permanently resided. In 1823 he
entered the service of the American Fur Company, and re
mained in its employ during the ensuing three years, being
stationed for two summers in Chicago. He subsequently
opened a store at Peoria, Ihe first ever established in that
place, and continued in mercantile life until 1844. Pie was
a resident of Chicago wdien, excepting the garrison of the
fort, two families constituted the entire popidalion of the
place : viz., Ihose of John Kinzie and John B. Banbean.
He was then Justice of the Peace for Fulton Counly, which
at thiat date included Peoria and Chicago. While engaged
in mercantile business he erected a flouring mill on the
Kickapoo river, Ihe first one built in the county, and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

247

operated it for three years. Afterward selling it, he con
structed a steam flouring mill, controlling that also for a
similar period. He built the first frame house and also the
first brick house in Peoria. During the progress of the
Black Hawk Indian war he supplied teams for Ihe govern
ment, and organized at Peoria a company for home defence.
In 1834 he was elected State Representative from Peoria,
Chicago, and all the intermediate counlry. Pie vvas after-
-yvard twice elected State Senator. For eighteen years he
was Treasurer of the Peoria School Board. At the present
time he is a partner in the Peoria Savings Bank, and has
been a stockholder and director of the Second National
Bank of Peoria, and in earlier tinies was one of Ihe three
County Coraraissioners of Peoria county. It vvas he also
who in the infancy of Chicago joined in marriage Ihe Indian
agent Alexander Wolcott and the daughter of the pioneer
John Kinzie. He was married, in April, i8.''7, to Cynthia
Ann Johnson, a former resident of Sjiringfield, IlUnois.

^REGG, PATRICK, Physician, was born in Mayo,
Ireland, February I2tli, loio, being the son of
John and Margaret Gregg. Pie was early in
structed in a private school, and subsequently hc
entered Trinity College, Dublin, and after jiur-
suing its course, matriculated in the Royal CoUege
of Surgeons, where he studied for two years. In 1S32 he
emigrated to Nevv York, and went from Ihere to Philadel
phia, where he studied medicine at the University of Penn
sylvania and at Jefferson Medical College. He graduated
wilh the degree of M. D. in 1834. After his graduation he
removed to western New York, in Allegheny county, where
he practised one year, and then started West, slopping first
at Pittsburgh, then in sundry other Western cities, and
finally, in 1836, settled in Rock Island, Illinois. Here he
resumed his practice and continued it successfully until the
breaking out of the rebellion. His jialronage covered many
counties, and in the fulfilment of his duties as a jihysician
he attained a high reputation for care and skill. In 1857-58
he was Mayor of Rock Island, and served wilh general
acceptance in this office. In 1861 he raised a corapany of
volunteers, and vvas coramissioned Captain by Governor
Yates in February, 1862. He joined the 58th Regiment
Illinois Infantry, with his command, and particijiated in the
battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, Tennessee. In the
latler action he was captured by the eneray and sent as
prisoner of war to Corinth. Thence he was taken to Mera-
phis, to Mobile, and finally to Selraa, Alabaraa, where he
was iraprisoned. He was again removed to Talladega, and
again back to Selraa. While a prisoner he was sent on
parole vvith Major Stone, of the 14th Iowa Regiment, and
Major Miller, of the 23d Missouri Regiment, to Washing
ton, District of Columbia, to negotiate an exchange of
prisoners. They arrived in Washington in 1862, and were

taken to the White House by Senators Harlan and Brown
ing, and introduced to President Lincoln. Their mission
as prisoners on jiarole was stated to him, and with that
smile which was pecuUarly his own, he said ; " Well, gen
tlemen, you seem to be kind of jilenipotenliaries from the
court of Jeff Davis. This matter of exchange," he contin
ued, "is at present of much importance, and requires a call
of the Cabinet, and it may be discussed in Congress. In
Ihe raeantirae you can go home and see your families."
Then Mr. Plarlan, who was then al the head of the Senate
Naval Comraillee, jiresented a paper to Mr. Lincoln, vvhich
Jiroved to be a jietitioii for the pardon or reprieve of a
sailor or marine vvho committed a murder on board a
national vessel. The Presideni scanned it closely and said :
" Mr. Plarlan, this paper, numerously and doubtiess re-
sjiectably signed, assigns no reason, gives no mitigating cir
cumstances why I should interfere. I assure you I ara
extremely averse to the taking of huraan life if it can be
avoided. There is tirae, Mr. Harlan, betvveen now and the
period fixed fcr the execution, to get up another paper, vvith
a recommendation of the court before which he was tried,
ancl for proof of any extenuating circumstances which may
justify my interference, and I will give it earnest attention."
Then, wilh a facial expression indicative of Ihe most pain
ful anguish, he said : " Mr. Harlan, vvhen coming out of
the room in which lay my darling boy I was met at the
threshold by a petition for the pardon of Nathaniel Gordon
[a slave dealer, executed in Nevv York, February 18th,
1862]. In view, Mr. Harlan, of the heinousness of the
crime, and my duly to humanity, I could not grant Ihe
prayer.'' And with tears streaming his cheeks, he contin
ued : "And may heaveii avert from me such another ordeal ! "
On the release of Messrs. Gregg, Stone, and Miller from
the Confederate prison, on parole, they called at the While
House, and General Prentiss addressed the President
briefly, saying : " Mr. President, we are very anxious to be
exchanged, so that vve may return to the field and gel some
satisfaction fcr our sufferings and the indignities heaped
upon us vvhile in rebel hands." The President replied:
" General, I ara as desirous as you or anybody else can be
Ihat our brave boys should have the opportunity you speak
of; but " — and at the sarae time jingling a lot of coin in his
breeches pocket — " we have not got the sraall change just
now to raake the exchange, but hope to have it soon.''
This conversation occurred soon after Harper's Ferry was
surrendered by Colonel MUes, giving the rebels a Larger
preponderance of prisoners than the Union forces had.
After their first interview with Ihe Presideni Mr. Gregg and
his corapanions returned to Richmond in accordance with
the terms of their parole, and the exchange of prisoners was
not finally agreed upon. Meanwhile the prisoners at Selraa
had been removed to Madison, Georgia, to which place he
and his comrades very soon made their way. While en
route the exchange weis concluded and he was included in
the list. This removed his parole, and he was not obliged

248

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

to reraain in Madison, but did so for some tirae in order that
he niight be with his son, who was also a prisoner of war at
that place. He stayed at Madison two raonths, and then,
when a general exchange went into effect, left for the
North. In Deceraber, 1862, he was appointed Surgeon of
the 23d lUinois Infantry, with rank of Major, and served
until the fall of 1864, when he returned home and was ap
pointed Surgeon to the rebel prisoners at Rock Island. In
September, 1865, the Western Armory was established at
Rock Island, and was made a military post. He was chosen
Post Surgeon, and has continued in that capacity ever since.
He was married in 1841 to Sarah L. Wheelock, of Win
chester, New Hampshire. He vvas a delegate to the
National Medical Association. He is one of the oldest
settlers in the northwestern section of Illinois, and is highly
esteemed as a practitioner, in vvhich he has shown great
skill and knowledge, and as a private citizen is active at all
tiraes in proraoting all iraproveraenls for the intellectual and
material benefit of the coraraunity in vvhich he resides. He
has done rauch to advance the interests of his profession,
and is now one of its leading raerabers in the West.

j|ANFORTH, JOSEPH BAKER, Jr., Editor, was
born in Barnard, Vermont, August 31st, i8ig,
being the son of Joseph and Levinia (Eastman)
Danforth. He vvas educated at the coraraon
schools of his native place, finishing his sludies by
an academical course. Until 184 1 he was en
gaged in his father's store. In that year he went to Boston
and entered a dry-goods house, and in the following year
relumed to Barnard, where he started in mercantile busi
ness on his own account. For some time he filled the office
of Postmaster. In 1845 he bought a half interest in the
establishment of the Vermont Patriot, his partner bein';'
Charles G. Eastman, and he vvas engaged ^exclusively in the
raanagement of that journal until 1851. In this year he
sold out his interest to his associate and reraoved lo Rock
Island, where he engaged in the hardware business, only
briefly, however — selling out in the same year. In 1852 he
purchased a half interest in the Rock Island Republican, a
weekly newspaper, and during Ihe sarae year he was elected
Alderman of the city. In 1S53 he becarae sole proprietor
of that paper, and in 1S55 changed its narae to the Rock
Island Argus, having jireviously started a daily journal.
Frora 1852 to 1856 he was Aide to the Govemor of lUinois,
with the rank of Colonel, and in 1856 he vvas a raeraber of
the Democratic National Convention at Cincinnati. In the
following year he vvas appointed Purser in the Uniled States
Navy, and was sent to the coast of Africa, where he served
two years. In 1857 he sold the Argus on credit, and in
l35g, upon his return frora- Africa, he resumed Ihe manage
raent and proprietorshiji of that sheet. In i86g he again
sold out and went to New York, where he engaged in a

manufacturing business ; but being unsuccessfid, retumed to
Rock Island in 1872 and repurchased an interest in the
Argus, which he still retains. Mr. Danforth is a man of
fine culture, with exceUent qualifications for successfully
conducting a newsy and enterprising paper. This he has
made the Argus, and it has become one of the most influen
tial joumals in that section of the country. He is highly
respected by his fellow-citizens for the ready support which
he gives to all needed improvements, and for his ability as
a journalist.

USE, WILLIAM LEE, Capitalist and Ice Dealer,
was born in DanvUle, Caledonia county, Vermont,
March gth, 1835, being the son of John Huse,
hotel-keeper. He attended school for one year
in Danville, and in 1842 removed with the family
to Chicago, where he entered the public schools
and remained in them until his sixteenth year. To finish
the studies he had so arduously pursued in the comraon
schools, he was placed in a select school for one year,
acquiring for a youth of his age a substantial as well as pol
ished education. When seventeen he became a clerk in the
wholesale grocery and commission house of H. G. Loomis,
of Chicago, in vvhich he reraained eighteen months, fulfil
ling his new duties with intelligence and satisfaction to his
employers. In 1853 he went to Peru, Illinois, and entered
upon a clerkship in the forwarding and commission house
of J. D. Harmon & Co., remaining with this firm also for
the term of eighteen months, when he stepped into a new
field of enterprise by becoming Captain of a steamboat ply
ing between La Salle and St. Louis. For four years he
vvas engaged in this business, having been the Captain of
several boats, and having further, in 1856, jiurchased one
vvhich he ran for three years. While in this line of occupa
tion he had frequently towed ice down the Mississippi from
the North, and learned fhat there existed a fine opportunity
for a profitable business in the sale of ice in the city of St.
Louis, and in i860 erabarked in it, associating with hira in
this enterprise his forraer employer, Mr. Loomis. They
commenced at once the shipment of ice from the lakes lo
St. Louis, and in the fall of i860 and 1861 built large
storage houses in St. Louis holding five thousand tons.
During the first year they passed in this coramercial venture
they handled eight thousand tons of ice, and were convinced
by the result that Iheir opinion of the remunerative charac
ter of the business was a just one. The trade, under the
energy and life which they infused into it, increased with
great rapidity, and in 1863 it was found necessary to pur
chase a steamer to tow their ice-laden barges down the
river. Prior to this their towage was done by outside par
ties. In 1865 Jaraes L. PI use, brother of Mr. Huse, and
Williara Loorais were admitted into the partnership, the
finn taking the title of Pluse, Loomis & Co., and continuing
under it up to the jiresent time; the only changes in the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

249

membership having been the retirement of William Loorais
and the adraission of Luther Loomis, in 1875. The busi
ness has now grown into immense proportions through the
rare business abilily and ripe experience of ils originator,
William Lee Huse. He has given it his close attention,
and at the most advantageous moments enlarged its facili
ties and scope of ojieration, until its aggregate annual trade
is not surpassed on the line of the Mississippi. The firra is
now engaged in putting up and shijiping to the wholesale
dealers at the various distributing points south of Peru,
IlUnois, more ice than is shipped by all the other dealers in
the West. During the winter of 1874-75 they forwarded to
Sl. Louis 35,ooo.tons; to New Orleans 15,000 Ions; to Mem
phis 1 5,000 tons; to Cairo 3000 tons; to Colurabia, Ken
tucky, 3000 tons ; to Paducah, Kentucky, 1 500 tons ; to
Evansville, Indiana, 1000 tons ; to Henderson, Kentucky,
1000 tons; to Nashville, Tennessee, 3000 tons; to Little
Rock, Arkansas, 3000 tons; to Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
1000 tons, and to miscellaneous cities and towns an addi
tional 15,000 tons. Their shipments were all by water,
using their own steamboats — now numbering six — for tow
ing fifty large barges. Their annual product and sales now
reach 100,000 tons per annura, surpassing the aggregate of
all the other large western dealers, and they eraploy during
each winter and spring, in cutting, storing, packing, and
shipping ice from Peru, La Salle, and Kingston, Illinois,
and at Louisiana, in Missouri, about five hundred raen.
Bttt their enterprise was not confined to cutting ice in the
rivers and natural lakes, where the- product was of varying
quality. They secured lakes for their sole use, exerted
every precaution to render the water as pure as possible,
and now send lo the South the finest ice which it is possible
to find in the northern belt of States. Mr. Pluse, while
closely watching the growdng interesls of this business, has
found tirae to enter into olher profitable raercantile and in-
d-jslrial pursuits, as well as actively participating in the civil
affairs of his section. Twice he vvas elected to the Mayor
alty of Peru, serving each tirae with distinction. He is novv
President of the Peru Bridge Coinpany and of the La Salle
and Peru Horse Railway Corapany. He is a large owner
in the Peru Plow Factory, which is managed by the firm of
Brewster, Dodge & Huse, and gives constanl employment
to seventy-five artisans. It is one of the most flourishing
industries in that city. He vvas a prorainent promoter and
an original directir of the Mississippi Valley Transportation
Company, which revolutionized the method of shipping
heavy products and freights from the Norlhwest to the
South, and at the same time greatiy cheapened the process.
He is still a director. In addition to all these large and
varied pursuits he supervises the raianagenient of one of the
finest farms in that section of the country, upon which he has
many valuable trotters. He is a man of untiring industry
and of the highest order of business capacity. He has a
quick and appreciative sense of humor, and his animation of
spirits and social qualifications of no ordinary degree have
32

attached to him a host of wann personal friends. He is a
man of culture, and interests hiraself in all raovements that
tend to heighten the intellectual as well as the raore raaterial
welfare of the people of his city. He was raarried, October
igth, 1865, to Martha E. Brown, daughter of Rev. Harvey
Brown, of New York city.

ELAND, EDWIN SHERMAN, Lawyer and
Judge, was born in Dennysville, Maine, August
28lh, 1812, being the son of Shennan Leland, a
prominent lawyer, at one time President of the
Senate of Massachusetts, and for the last twenty-
three years of his life Judge of Probate of Norfolk
county, Massachusetts. When two years of age his faniily
reraoved from Dennysville, Maine, to Massachusetts, set
tling in Roxbury. Here he attended the comraon schools,
and when twenty years of age coraraenced to read law in
his father's office. He made rapid progress in his studies,
and on September 15th, 1834, was admitted at Dedham' to
the bar of Massachusetts. He continued one year longer in
that State, and then removed to Ottawa, Illinois, where he
entered upon the practice of his legal profession, having
been admitted to the bar of IlUnois on January l6th, 1836.
He reraained at Ottawa until i83g, and then went to Ore
gon, Ogle county, Illinois, where for four years he jiraclised
vvith encouraging success. On the 20th of April, 1840, he
was married to Margaret B. Miles, of Boston. He returned
to Ottawa in 1843, ^nd has resided there ever since. Here
he continued his professional duties, winning a high reputa
tion as an advocate, and being prominent in the trial of all
the more important causes which claimed the attention of
the bench, until 1S52, vvhen he was chosen Judge of the
Ninth Judicial Circuit of Illinois, comprising six counties,
to fill the unexpired term of Judge Dickey, who had re
signed. He filled this station until the expiralion of the
term, and then resuraed his practice, which was carried on
until 1866. In that year he vvas appointed by the Governor
of Ihe State to fill the unexpired term of Judge PlolUster, as
Judge of the Ninth Judicial Circuit, and when the period
for which he was appointed expired, he was, in June, 1867,
elected by the people to the sarae bench for the full term of
six years. His circuit then covered KendaU, Bureau, and
La Salle counties. In 1873 he was chosen by popular vole
as Judge of the Sixth Judicial Circuit of the State, embrac
ing the counties of Bureau and La Salle, for another period
of six years, and still holds that position. In 1856 he was
elected Mayor of Ottawa, being the first Republican in that
position, and vvas for one terra Treasurer of Ogle county.
He has also been President of the Board of Education of
Ottawa, and has been very prorainently identified with the
develojiraent of educational interesls in that city for years.
He was chosen President ofthe Judicial Convention held at
Chicago more than ten years ago, in vvhich Judge Charles

250

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

B. Lawrence received his nomination. Judge Leland's
name is very closely linked with the origin and fonnation
of the RepubUcan party, if, indeed, he vvas not the actual
projector of that organization. In June, 1854, he drafted,
to be circulated for the signatures of those dissatisfied with
the position assuraed by both of the then existing parties
upon the slavery question, a call for a mass raeeting to be
held at the court-house in Ottawa on the 1st of the follow
ing August. At this assemblage, vvhich was a very large as
well as a very distinguished one, he presided, and a plat
form of principles which had been drawn up by him was
adopted. A new party was organized, taking its name
" RepubUcan " from one of the resolutions adopted at this
meeting. At the outset it was simply a State organization ;
but the principles which it avowed were affirmed within a
short time in every other Northern State, and Ihe result was
that it flowered out into a new national party. He was
selected by Ihe Pittsburgh Convention of Febmary 22d,
1856, as one of the members of the National Committee
whieh, on March 28th, 1856, at Washington, District of
Colurabia, called into being the Philadelphia National
Republican Convention, in vvhich, on June 17th, 1856,
Fremont vvas nominated for the Presidency. It will be
seen from this that to Mr. Leland is due the credit of hav
ing taken the first practical steps toward the creation of the
new Jiolitical party in whose subsequent councils his voice
was so jiotenlial. He has graced the bench for many years,
and his decisions — which cover Ihe entire ranges of the law
— are both models of logic and rhetoric. He is a profoundly
read jurist, and is ready and accurate, when estimated from
a purely legal standpoint, in ail his rulings. As a municipal
officer he was active in the discharge of all his varying
duties, which were fulfilled with no common degree of
ability. His record is one of ceaseless civil and professional
activity, and his name is held in the greatest respect for his
conscientious and able exercise of his judicial functions, as
well as for his public spirit and usefulness as a citizen.

l'|ORRILL, GENERAL JOHN, was born in Con-
|l cord, New Plampshire, June 3d, 1827, being the
III son of Marcellus Morrill, a farmer. He attended
"'' the common schools of his native place and
worked upon his father's estate until his thirteenth
year, vvhen he removed with his parents to Ollawa,
Illinois. In the year 1846, being then but nineteen years
old, he entered the array then organizing for the Mexican
war. He served one year in the 1st Illinois Infantry, par
ticipating in the battie of Buena Vista, in the same corajiany
wilh Williara, afterwards General Wallace. Returning
after this jieriod of carapaigning to Ottawa, he coramenced
in 184S the running of a canal boat on the Illinois & Mich
igan Canal, working also in a gun shop. In 1S49 he
became involved in the then prevailing gold fever, and

^

crossed the plains and mountains to California, where he
engaged in mining. Meeting with little success in this
venture, and gradually fading in health, he determined lo
retura to Ottawa, reaching that place in 1851. He re
commenced his labors in the gun shop, of which in a short
lime he becarae proprietor. He soon sold out his interest
and purchased a farm in the town of Wallace, near Ottawa.
In 1854 he was married to Ann Mitchell, of Ottawa.
When the rebellion broke out his old military ardor, which
he possessed in no small degree, revived. He raised a
company of sharpshooters, of which he became Captain,
and with this coraraand vvas raustered into service in the
64lh Illinois Regiment as Company A. In the spring of
1862 they entered the field al New Madrid, Missouri, and
proceeded Ihence lo Fort PiUovv, thence to Cairo, and
ihence up the Tennessee river to Hamburg Landing.
They led the advance on Corinlh, and were in the thickest
of ihat fight. For gallantry and skill displayed in this
battle Captain Morrill was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel
of the 64lh Illinois Volunteer Infanliy, on the foUowdng
recommendation of the general commanding:
" Respectfully forwarded through Major-General Grant,
begging him to join in recommending Cajitain Morrill for
promotion to Ihe Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Yates Sharp
shooters (64lh Illinois Infantry). .Since the death of Major
Matteson the entire charge of this battalion has fallen on
Captain Morrill, and he has discharged his duties not only
creditably but ably. The command has improved under
him, and fought splendidly in the battle of Corinth.
(Signed) " W. S. Rosecrans, Major-General."
In January, 1864, he returned North with his regiment
on veteran furlough, for the purpose of recruiting his deci
mated ranks. On the gth of the ensuing February he was
commissioned Colonel of the regiment, and shortly after
returned to Ihe South, his iraraediate destination being
Decatur, Alabama. I'rora this point he marched lo Chat
tanooga, and vvith his fine command was in Sherraan's ad
vance on Atlanta. He was prominent in the battles of
Resaca, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw
Mounlain, and in Ihe fight at Allanla on July 22d, 1864, in
which he was shot through the shoulder and badly
wounded, while in conimand of a brigade. He was placed
in the military hosjiital at Marietta, where he remained a
short time and then returned home on sixty days' leave of
absence. Plaving jiarlially recruited his strength he joined
his regiraent, though still suffering from his wound, and
was assigned to light duty, wilh orders to report to General
Dodge, then in coraraand of the Department of Missouri.
He was placed in charge of the district of Roily, Missouri.
On March 1st, 1S65, for his bravery and distinguished ser
vices, he vvas brevelled Brigadier-General, remaining in
coramand of his district until the close of the war. Upon
his retum from the field he resumed his labors ujion his
farm at Wallace. His wife died Jidy 21st, 1865, shortly
after he reached home. On September 27th, 1869, he was

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

251

married to Visa Conger, of Prairie Centre, lUinois. His
record during the war was a brilliant one. Pie participated
in no less Ihan forty-two battles and heavy skirmishes, and
received, in addition to his serious wound in the shoulder,
one other deep flesh wound. His uniform was pierced
seven times by bullets which raerely grazed the skin. He
was in every battle, nerving the command he led by his
own exhibition of dauntless courage and determination. He
early in life displayed an inclination for a military career,
and W'hen a mere boy drilled a company of his associates.
He is a fine disciplinarian, wdth rare capacity for deploying
or mobilizing troops. While he vvas firra as a commander,
he was kind to all his subordinates, whether of the rank or
file, and earned Iheir lasting esteem. He is novv engaged
in agricultural pursuits, and is highly respected as a public-
spirited and substantial citizen.

'aVENPORT, bailey, Mayor of Rock Island
City, was bora in Cincinnati, Ohio, September
i6th, 1823, being the son of Colonel Qeorge
Davenport. He was educated at the St. Louis
University. His father vvas engaged in the fur
trade, originally on his own account, and subse
quentiy vvith the American Fur Corapany, having his head
quarters on the island at Rock Island, Illinois. His sons,
including Bailey, all aided hira in this business, and upon
his withdrawal frbm the Ainerican Fur Company, in 1842,
his sons continued to reside on the island, engaging in
farraing and real estate operations, which vvere successfully
conducted. In 1856 Bailey raoved to the city of Rock
Island and continued in agricultural pursuits and in real
estate business. He laid out additions lo Moline and Rock
Island. As eariy as 1832 he, with' his brotiier, broke the
first furrow in the Slate of Iowa, under treaty with the
Indians to secure the right. In i860 he was elecled Alder
raan frora the Third Ward of Rock Island City, and frora
1861 to 1865 he was Mayor of that city, being re-elected in
lS73and serving until 1875. In 1874 he was Township
Collector of Rock Island township. He is a leading agri
culturalist, and is highly esteeraed by his feUow-citizens for
his public services.

f AGRUDER, BENJAMIN D., Lawyer, was born
in Jefferson counly, near Natchez, Mississippi, on
Septeraber 27th, 1 838. His early boyhood was
spent on his father's plantation, which had been
in the possession of Ihe faraily since the beginning
of the present century. From his father, W. H.
N. Magruder, a graduate of the Wesleyan University of
Middletown, Connecticut, and a college professor, he re
ceived his first instruction, and by hira he was prepared for
coUege at the age of fourteen. Then he becarae a student

of Yale. Graduating in the class of 1856, he iraraediately
after returned horae. In the meantime his father had
opened ¦.< privale collegiate institute at Baton Rouge, and
he spent the three years following in teaching and studying
law. During the last year he attended the Law School
of the University of Louisiana, and graduated, valedic
torian, in l85g. In August of that year he went to
Memphis, Tennessee, and opened a law office, having
barely attained his majority. Notwithstanding his passing
a brilliant examination, his extrerae youthfulness was
greatly against the quick acquisition of a clientage, and he
consequently, in i860, accepted a situation in the office
of Master of Chancery, a position he occupied till the war
broke out, in 1861. Fifteen days after the fall of Sumter
he left Memphis and went to Nevv Haven, Connecticut, and
was warmly received by his grandfather. Rev. Dr. Heman
Bangs. Naturally this course- elicited severe criticism from
his Southern friends, but he had imbibed too deeply from
old Yale and his New England grandparents the principles
of freedom ; they had become too thoroughly his own con
victions for him to regard any other consideration than
raaintenance of what he conceived to be right. So he was
loyal to himself and to his country, rather than to mere ties
of blood. In June, 1861, he moved to Chicago, began
practising law, and has continued to devote himself entirely
to his profession. During the war, while his views were
radical in the extreme, hc could not bring hiraself to take
up arras against his blood relatives, and so he refrained
from all participation in political discussion or movements.
Upon the death of Judge William Mather, in 1868, he was
appointed his successor as Master of Chancery, discharging
its duties in connection with those of a large and constantiy
increasing practice. Possessed of large abilily, a close and
acute reasoner, a diligent student, and guided by the highest
principles in all his relations, he bids tail tc attain a high
position at the bar.

ATLIN, THOMAS DEAN, Manufacturer, was
born in Clinton, Oneida county, New York,
March I2lh, 1838, being the son of Marcus Cat
lin, a professor of raalhematics in Hamilton Col-
le<;e, Clinton, in vvhich instilulion he spent the
whole of his active career. Pie first attended the
academy in Clinton, where he prepared himself for a col
legiate course, and then entered H.amilton College, from
which he graduated in 1857. In the foUowing year he
reraoved to Ottawa, Illinois, where he was appointed
Station Agent, aclini in this capacity for five years. Upon
the expiration of this terra of service he becarae Secretary
of the Illinois & Mississippi Telegraph Company, mainly
owned by Judge Caton, lo whom he was related
years he continued in this office
duties have become merely norainal, the lines of that com-'

For five
since vvhich lirae his

252

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

pariy having been in 1 867 leased to the Western Union
Telegraph Company. On October lolh, 1866, he was mar
ried to Helen C. Plant, of Utica, New York. In 1867 the
Ottawa Glass Corapany was organized, and he was elected
its Secretaiy and Treasurer, and now remains in charge of
its works. He is a Director of the La Salle 'County Loan
& Trust Company, and for two years was a member of the
Ottawa Board of Education. He is a valued member of
the Christian Church and of society, and is highly esteemed
for his private and public services.

;iTCHCOCK, CHARLES, Lawyer, was born in
Plymouth county, Massachusetts, in 1827. He
vvas educated at Hanover, New Harapshire,
graduating at that place in 1851. He then went
through the law course at the Cambridge Uni
versity, graduating in 1854. Afterwards he re
moved to Chicago, and has resided there, in the practice of
his profession, ever since. Pie has attained a high position
in the front rank of the legal profession, and is among the
best known and most highly esteeraed of all the lawyers of
the Northwest. He is a raan of reraarkably even develop
ment. His character and abilities are exceedingly well
balanced, and no quality has developed at the expense of
others. As a lawyer he apparently has no specialty. He
is very versatile, and appears to be equally good and
equally eftective in all departraents of his profession.
Whatever unevenness there is in his professional character
goes to make hira a better attorney than anything else. In
his office he is a very superior lawyer, and his opinion is of
high value. His raind is clear, active, coraprehensive, and
accurate in all its operations, and arrives readily al reliable '
and sound conclusions. His habits are methodical, and his
well-arranged ideas shape themselves into the sharpest and
best-selected expressions, conveying the exact idea in the
fewest possible words. His knowledge of Ihe law is deep
and comprehensive, and his clear mental processes enable
him to make all his knowledge at once available. Hence
his opinion, quickly formed, is decisive and valuable. His
opinions on coramercial law are admitted to have no
superior anywhere. His mind is not readUy capable of
confusion, and no conflict of authorities can involve his
conclusions in obscuri'y. Clearly and wiihout embarrass
ment he thinks his way to the proper conclusion, through
no matter what entangleraent of antagonistic authorities.
He is an exceUent advocate, also, though his excellence in
this direction is not so marked as in the one just alluded lo.
He is called a fine sjieaker. He has a clear voice, a grace
ful style, and an iraposing presence ; but he does not deal
in eraolions at all. He is cold and phlegmatic in his
speeches as in his character. He lacks imagination, and
the touch of eloquence that impresses the listener as well as
convinces him is not present. He is logical, clear, and

forcUile, and will generally win the juror who happens lo
be of an erainently logical teraperament. Pie argues
supremely ; but most jurors have feelings as well as reason
that must be touched, and these he never touches. He is
to a very considerable extent a raoralist also, bul he is first
of all a lawyer. Pie would not engage in an unjust cause
unless deceived by his client ; but the first point to which
he raakes up his mind is the technical, legal bearing of the
case, and Ihen coraes the consideraiion of its moral aspects.
The raoral ijualities are subordinate to the legal value of
any case, and yet he is by no raeans unraindful of Ihe
moral qualities. Personally he is tall, with a large, portly
figure, and is altogether a fine-looking, iraposing gentleraan.
His face does not specially indicate intellect, and expresses
energy in repose rather than in action. His eyes are gray
and rather sleepy in their expression. His forehead is
high, and looks higher than it is because of slight bald
ness. His hair and whiskers are gray. He has fine social
qualities, a large fund of available information aside from
his legal knowledge, and outside of his profession as well
as within it is greatly respected and highly esteemed.

^ TILES, ISRAEL N., Lawyer, was born on a farm
in Stiffield, Connecticut, in 1833. He reraained
here, working on the farra in the summer and
going to the district school in the wdnler, until he
was sixteen years old. Subsequently he read
law a year, and at the age of nineteen he removed
to Lafayette, Indiana. Here he resumed his lavv studies,
and soon took a school lo teach a few miles out of town.
During the day he attended to his duties as school teacher,
at night he taught singing school, and together wilh all the
rest kept up his reading of law. The foUowdng year he
opened a private school, and continued in connection
therewith to prosecute his legal studies until 1855, when he
vvas adraitted to the bar. About the time of his admission
carae ihe burning of Lawrence, Kansas, and at a public
meeting called on account of this calamity, he made a
speech that astonished all present by the oratorical ability
it displayed. He rose rapidly into prominence after this,
and during the Fremont-Buchanan campaign he vvas to a
certain extent. a political power. He made sixty-six regu
lar speeches through the countiy — one of them being de
livered in Music Hall, Boston, and another in Augusta,
Maine. For two years subsequentiy he was Prosecuting
Attorney, and aftervvards was elected to the Slate Legisla
lure. When Ihe war broke out he was just getting into a
fine legal practice. He married at this lime, and raised a
corapany the same raonth. Some one else managed to
obtain the captaincy of his company, and he then enlisted
as a private, but vvas made Adjutant of the 20lh Indiana
Regiment. At Malvern Hill he was captured, was in
Libby Prison six weeks, and was then exchanged. He was

BIOGRAPHICAL ENC\'CLOPEI)IA.

233

subsequentiy made Major of the 63d Indiana Pvegiment,
then Lieulenant-Colonel of the same regiment, and finally
Brigadier-General, his commission dating from the battle
of Franklin, 'Tennessee. When the war ended he removed
to Chicago, wdiere he jiraclised law alone until 1867, when
he entered into a jiarlnership with Judge McAllister. Two
years after this he was elecled City Attorney. As vvill be
readily seen, he is a man of extraordinary versatility and
energy. In his jirofession he is more of an advocate Ihan
an attorney, and he has few sujieriors at the Chicago bar
in the trial of causes. His management of a case is very
adroit, and he has great power and quickness of repartee,
and a remarkable abilily to avail himself of any sudden
emergency and turn it to the advantage of his client. As
a ready, fluent, and logical speaker, he has few or no
equals of his age in the Northwest. He always appears
sincere, and besides his wit and huraor has rare jiathetic
power. In the preparation of his cases he is usuaUy clear
and coraplete, and is carefully armed wdth all Ihe necessary
authorities. He is of slender form, raedium height, has
rather swarthy coraplexion, keen, full, dark eyes, and a
full, dark beard. Pie converses well, has a talent for
pleasant satire, possesses a fine fund of anecdote, and is
greatly popular. He is still young, and has a fine future
before him.

sOULD, JOHN M., Judge, President of the First
National Bank, of Moline, Illinois, was born
in Piermont, Grafton county. New Hampshire,
February 24th, 1822. His parents were Amos
Gould and Nancy H. (Bartlett) Gould. His
education vvas acquired in the common schools
in the vicinity of his horae. In early life he was occu
pied in working on a farra, attending school irregularly,
and also in his father's tan yard, and in a shoe shop. In
1840 he found employment in a general store, as clerk,
and remained there until 1843. In this year he broke
his leg, and, during the ensuing twelve months, was conse
quently debarred frora taking an active part in labor
or business. In 1844 he removed lo Grand Detour, Ogle
counly, Illinois, vvhere, after serving three years as a
clerk, he was admitted as a partner in a dry-goods and
notion store, remaining associated in that connection for
one year. In 1848 he removed to Moline, Rock Island
county, in the same Slate, and forraed a partnership wilh
John Deere, manufacturer of ploughs, under the style of
Deere, Tate & Gould, vvhich, after an existence of about
four years', was dissolved in 1852. Later in the same year
he associated hiraself in partnership vvith Dewitt C.
Diraock, for the raaking of wood ware, .and also Ihe jirose-
culion of the luraber trade; and in 1868 the business was
forraed into a joint slock company, with Dewitt C. Diraock,
President, and J. M. Gould, Vice-President. In 1857 he,
in conjunction with Diraock & Co., coramenced the bank

ing business (privale), continuing it under the firm style
of Gould, Diraock & Co., until 1CS3. The First National
Bank of Moline was then established, and upon ils organi
zalion he was appoinled lo the cashiership, occujiying that
office until 1867, when he becarae the President of this
institution, a position which he has since retained. In
1853 he vvas elecled County Judge, serving creditably
through the term of four years, and exhibiting admirable
qualities befitting the office whose duties he ably fulfilled.
From 1S57 to l36i he vvas Postmaster of Moline, and in
1S56 vvas elected a member of Ihe .School Board and
Trustee of the Township School Board. Al the present
lime he is Treasurer of the Township School Board. He
is not excelled in the counly as a financial agent and
manager, and his efficient and far-seeing conduct in the
transaction of the business of the First National Bank,
coupled with a recognized energy and prudence, has won
for that institution the entire confidence of the general
community. Pie was married, in 1848, to Alice Chase
Moulton, of Vermont, who died in Grand Detour, in the
sarae year. He vvas again raarried, in 1850, to Hannah
M. Dimock.

|«JELL, KERSEY H., Lawyer, w.as bo.rn, Mfiy Ist,
1S15, in Chester county, Pennsylvania; is a son
of Jesse F'ell, formerly of that section, and a
descendant of Judge Fell, who emigrated from
England to Anierica in 1705. Kersey .attended
a coraraon school until he attained the age of
seventeen ; then entered a boarding school in We;t Brad
ford township, in his native counly; and subsequently
taught school. In 1836 he reraoved to Bloomington,
Illinois, where his parents and several of his brothers .also
became residents previously or subsequentiy. His first
employment there vvas as clerk in a mercantile establish
ment. While considering the subject of a permanent
occupation, and inclining lo the study of the law, but
doubling his fitness to undertake it without additional
education preparatory thereto, he raade Ihe acquaintance
of Abrahara Lincoln, who was then studying law at
Springfield, and discussed the raaller wilh hira. Finding
that Lincoln's educational advantages had been consider
ably less than his own, he took Lincoln's advice, and
began his legal studies wiihout further preliminaries, occu
pying his leisure hours with the reading of law, while
pursuing his forraer employment for a liveUhood. Soon
after this time he was appointed Circuit Clerk, wilh power
to organize De Witt county, which was formed flora parls
of Macon and McLean counties; and the organization
being effected, he held the clerkship from 1838 to 1840;
when he returned to Blooraington, and was made Deputy
Circuit Clerk of McLean county under General Covel.
In the winter of 1840-41 he was admitted to the bar, and
formed a copartnership wilh Albert Dodd, a promising

254

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

young lawyer from Connecticut. Mr. Dodd was drowned
in 1844, in crossing Ihe Mackinaw creek on his return
from a convention al Joliet, which had nominated Hon.
John Wentworth (for the first tirae) for Congress. After
this unlooked-for dissolution of the partnership, Mr. FeU
practised his profession alone until 1856, when from ill
heallh he relinquished it. During his practice at Ihe bar,
it was his custom always to use his influence and efforts to
obtain an equittible settlement of his cases without a suit,
it being his conviction that a lawyer's duty vvas to make
peace vvhen possible instead of promoting Utigation. He
was probably the very first person to suggest and urge the
nomination of Abraham Lincoln as President of the Uniled
Stales. He has said that the first thought of it came lo
hira wilh the force and corapleleness of conviction of an
inspiration ; and he was Ihe first to suggest Mr. Lincoln's
noraination to several vvho afterwards becarae its prominent
and influential advocates, and vvho were convinced of its
propriety by Mr. Fell's arguraents. A long and intiraate
acquaintance wilh Mr. Lincoln had thoroughly convinced
hira of his intellectual and moral fitness for the most
exalted trusts; and at least as early as 1856 he was
warmly in favor of his nomination. In that year, at the
Slate Republican Convention held in Blooraington, Mr.
Lincoln was selected as a delegate lo the National Con
vention at Philadelphia; but being veiy doubtful of his
abUity to go (owing to imperative business engagements),
he only accepted the appointment on Mr. Fell's agreement
to go as his substitute, if circurastances made it impossible
for him to go himself Finding, al almost the last moment,
that this would be Ihe case, Mr. Lincoln lelegrajihed Mr.
Fell, and the latter started for Philadelphia wdth less than
an hour's notice, and sat in the convention as -a substitute
delegate. Mr. Lincoln received a strong support for the
Vice-Presidency, in that convention, and was withdrawn
by the Illinois delegation vvith express reference to re
serving him for Ihe highest place at a subsequent tirae.
Having removed to West Chester, Pennsylvania, during
this Presidential carapaign, for a teraporary sojourn (which
was protracted sorae twenty-four months), Mr. Fell took
occasion at a mass meeting, to present Mr. Lincoln's name
and character to the favorable consideraiion of the Penn
sylvanians as a Presidential Ciandidate in the fulure, and
thus in some raeasure lo prepare Ihe way for the noraina
tion which was actually made four years later. In 1S60,
wilh a view lo restore his much impaired heallh, Mr. Fell
travelled through Europe; but vvas careful to retura in
season to cast his vote for Mr. Lincoln, and lo rejoice in
his election to the Presidency. He has never been a
seeker of offices, yet il has been his lot to hold several,
u=;ually such as involved much labor wilh liltie or no
emolument. For twelve years he was a member of the
Board of Education of Blooraington, and was distinguished
for his zeal and fidelity in the execulion of his duties, and
for his lively interest in the cause of education and the

iraproveraent of the efficiency of the schools. He con
tributed liberally of his means to the founding of Ihe
Wesleyan University, at Blooraington, and the erection
of its buildings, and was a raeniber of ils first Board of
Trustees. He executed the contract for the erection of
the buildings of the Stale Reform School at Pontiac, and
with his brother Jesse donated a jiart of the land now
belonging to that institution. He has, during all of his
long residence in Blooraington, been among her most
public-sjiirited and enterprising citizens, and active in
every raoveraent to promote her improvement. Several
of the earliest brick business houses which led the way to
her present advanced stale of architecture were of his
building. Two of the additions to Ihe city were laid out
by hira ; and the public improvements in general have
always had his cooperation and support. Having becorae
first principal and then sole proprietor of a large machine
shop in Bloominglon, he converted it, in 1S73, into a chair
manufactory, now run by the B.oomington Chair Factory
Corapany, of which he is one of the principal stockholders.
It is a prosjierous enterprise, eraploying about one hundred
hands, and of great value to the city. The caning of Ihe
chairs is- chiefly done, at present, by the boys of Ihe Slate
Reform School at Pontiac. It has always been a part
of his disposition during life to encourage his own em
ployes and others of .small means with whom he carae in
contact, to become owners of their own horaes ; and many
can trace their first step towards independence lo his
advice and assistance. His suggestions often carae lo such
persons at first with a sense of astonishment, Ihe idea of
their being able to become proprietors of anything not
having occurred to thera ; but wilh a little judicious en
courageraent the idea has become reality, and proved die
beginning of respectable accumulations. Much good has
been effected by this quiet and sensible policy, benefiting
bolh ils iraraediate objects and the coraniunity in general.
In religious belief he is a Unitarian Quaker. He look
an active part in the organizalion of the Free Congrega
tional Society nt Blooraington, and has been from the first
and to the present lirae a zealous and efficient raeraber,
devoting much tirae, thought, and means to ils support
and advancement. Plis falher was a member of the
Society of Friends, or Quakers, and was known far ancl
wide as " plonest Jesse Fell;" and his mother was truly
a " ministering angel " in her ovvn society and in all her
neighborhood and circle of acquaintiance. She died,
universally lamented, in 1846. Plis falher, from 1841 lo
his death, in 1853, was afflicted wilh blindness; which
infirmity was, however, alleviated by the affectionate care
nnd attention of his numerous family. Through life he
has been and slill is an industrious and bti-sy raan, -seldom
spending an hour in an unprofitable vvny. Pie is noted
for his hospitalily and sociability, and his home is the
constant resort of nuraerous visitors, vvho find unfailing
attraction in his society and that of his excellent wife and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

255

agreeable children. He is a deep and earnest thinker,
and extensively read in science, theology, philosophy, and
general literature. He holds broad and generous opinions
in full sympathy with the progressive and rational ten
dencies of the age. He is much beloved and respected in
the community for his pure life, agreeable manners, and
useful public services. He was married, January 1st,
1845, in the city of Philadelphia, to Jane Price, of his
native counly of Chester. She is of English descent.
They have eight children — five sons and three daughters.

ALLACE, HUGH, Lawyer and Farmer, was born
in Pennsylvania, August loth, 1802. His parents
were James H. Wallace and Agnes Wallace. He
studied law in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania,
under the instructions of George B. Porter, after
ward Govemor of Michigan, a man of sterling
attainraents. At the completion of the usual probationary
terra, he passed an exaraination, and was admitted to the
bar in 1828. He practised his profession subsequently for
sorae tirae in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. In 1837 he re
moved to Sterling, where he was occupied not only profes
sionally, but also in conducting farming operations on an
extensive scale. From 1852 to 1854 he was Registrar of
the Land Office at Dixon, Illinois, and in 1854 vvas elected
to the Senate. He had previously, from 1847 to i84g, offi
ciated also as a member of the Legislature, in vvhich body
he was recognized as an active spirit and influential coadju
tor. He was 1 man of elevated character, one influenced
by commendable desires, and throughout a long life bore
himself with notable rectitude and ability. His death, which
occuned in 1864, occasioned widespread and sincere regret,
and numerous testimonials, public and private, te;stified to
the sorrow and respect of a wide circle of friends and ac
quaintances.

OOK, CHARLES H., Clerk of the Circuit Court
of La Salle county, Illinois, was born in Union-
town, Pennsylvania, Febmary 5th, 1834, being the
son of Peter Uriah Hook, a raeraber of the Penn
sylvania Legislature, and a raerchant. His in
struction was obtained first in Ihe coraraon school.
He was soon placed in a select school, and subsequently
took a fuU course in Madison College, in Unionlown, from
which he graduated in 1855. He then studied law for one
year under S. Duncan Oliphant, of Unionlown, Pennsyl
vania, and in the spring of 1857 carae to Ottawa, Illinois,
entering as Dejiuty Clerk the office of the Clerk of the Cir
cuit Court of the Ninth Illinois Judicial District. For neariy
twelve years he filled this station with care and ability. In
1866 he became First Assistant Assessor of the Sixth District
of HUnois, and continued in that cajiacity eight months. In

1861 he was married to Anna Schermerhorn, of Ottawa.
For two years he served as one of the Aldermen of the city,
and in 1868 he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, and
ex-officio Recorder. He served four years and was then
re-elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of La Salle county,
which position he now retains. He has filled all these
stations wilh the utniost fidelity, and with great intelligence,
and is regarded as one of the foremost men in the city of his
residence.

^IFFANY, REV. OTIS HENRY, D.D., was bora
in Baltimore, Maryland, July 3d, 1825. After the
usual primary education, he prepared for college
at the academical department of the University of
Maryland, and then entered the junior class of
Dickinson College. He was found to be of such
efficiency that in 1851 he had sole charge of mathematics
and engineering in Dickinson College; and during his
travels in Ihe West, he has found raany men vvho studied
engineering with hira and who had been in the array. He
was prominently associated with the political movements of
Pennsylvania during his residence in Ihat Stale, and was at
one time put forvvard as candidate for Senator, but was loo
young then for so high an office, and before the next term
came around he had retired frora political life. In 1856
he supplied the pulpit of the As.sociate Reformed Church
of Baltimore, in connection wilh his duties as Professor in
the coUege, and in the fall of Ihat year became ils pastor,
in which relation he was very successful, and many conver
sions occurred under these labors, an index to Ihe .success
and usefulness that was to attend his ministry in later years,
and on other fields. In 1 860 he was called to the First
Methodist Church of Chicago, vvhere he labored until ihe
following year. He received ihe degree of D. D. frora
Dickinson College after his deparlure from it. He then
reraoved to Evanston, a suburb of Chicago, where he re
mained until 1864, when he was appointed Pastor of Grace
Church, Chicago. During his residence at Evanston he
was frequently in the city, actively identified with the
various movements and questions of Ihe d.ay, delivering
numerous lectures, and ever an ardent supporter of the
Union and of emancipation. Plis eulogy on Mr. Lincoln
was acknowledged a masterpiece of rhetoric, receiving the
personal corapliraent of Speaker Colfax. He also conducted
Ihe religious services on Ihe opening of Ihe Chamber of
Coraraeree, and pronounced the oration over Ihe dead
heroes of the Board of Trade Battery. His church pros
pered greatly under his ministry. But olher fields of labor
were to engage his attention. He vvas appointed by Ihe
bishops Corresponding Secretary of the Church Extension
Society, wilh head- quarters at Philadelphia. He declined
Ihe appointment, however, and became Pastor of the St.
Jaraes Church, of New Brunswdck, New Jersey. While
there, two interesting circuraslances occurred : one was ihe

256

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

preaching of Rev. Stephen II. Tyng in his church, for which
he vvas jiresented, tried and repriraanded by the authorities
of Ihe Protestant Episcopal Church ; the olher circurastance
vvas his instruction in reUgious matters of several young
Japanese noblemen, sent there for educational purposes by
their government, three of them being converted under his
ministry, and one baptized by himself, wdio is now Minister
of Japan to the United Stales. He subsequentiy becarae
Pastor of Sl. Paul's Church, Newark, New Jersey, where
he labored for two years and a half with great acceptance
and success, endearing himself deeply to his charge. He
vvas then, in October, 1872, transferred to the pastorale of
the Metropolitan Church of Washington. There, from the
very outset, he drew immense congregations. Pre.sident
Grant and family vvere regular attendants upon his minis
trations, as was also Chief Justice Chase, and at the dealh
-ofthe latter, who was a raeraber ofhis church, he delivered
the funeral discourse in the Senate charaber. It is lo be
mentioned as a remarkable and unprecedented occurrence
that on Ihe Sabbath preceding President Grant's second
inauguration, there were present in his church at service.
President Grant and faraily, and every raember of the
Cabinet, and of the Supreme bench. It was his privilege as
pastor of the President's family to perform the raarriage
cereraony on the occasion of the wedding of Nellie Gr.ant
and Algernon Sarloris. From this and raany other intiraate
associations, the doctor is a farailiar fi'iend and visitor in the
President's faniily, whether in the capital or by the seaside.
On his first Sabbath in Washington he baptized a converted
Indian chief, and on olher occasions, delegations of chiefs
frora Indian tribes vvere present through the entire services.
In March, 1875, he returned to Chicago, and became
Pastor of the Trinity M. E. Church of Ihat ciiy, vvhere he
now resides. Very soon after his arrival, at the request of
many leading citizens, he delivered an oration upon the
character of Washington in aid of the erection of a suitable
raonuraent lo the father of his country, which, though the
weather was exceedingly unprojiitious, vvas largely attended
and gave great satisfaction, as it had sirailariy done at Ihe
East. He was raarried December 26lh, 1848, to Eliza B.
Hamilton, d<aughler of Rev. W. Hamilton, of Washington.
They have a faraily of five children, three sons and two
daughters. Dr. Tiffany has been a raan of great success
and acceptance in every puljiit that he has occupied. He is
generally conceded to be one of the first pulpit orators in
the land, a finished .speaker, of fine presence, able, lorical,
eloquent and powerful. He has proved himself again and
again, in ihe lecture field, and upon great public occasions,
as on decoration day, independence day, and in the distress
after the great fire of '71, an accomplished orator His
sermons and other public addresses have been reported fre
quentiy in the press of Ihe various cities in which he has
Washington

him than that contained in an address presented at a fare
well sociable on his departure frora Grace Church to his
pastorate in New Jersey. After mention of " the dignity,
abilily and efficiency with vvhich he had filled the pulpit
positions assigned him," the address continues : " We also
take pleasure in staling that on the broader plane of public
activities, as jiatriot in the midst of national convulsion and
trial, and as a scholar and orator upon the platform, you
have made a record of enduring honor to yourself and re ¦
fleeting credit upon our denomination." This was signed
by representatives of all the Methodist churches of Chicago.

officiated, from Montreal

KINNER, HON. MARK, was born in Manches
ter, Verraont, September I3lh, 1813. His faniily
dates back to the early days of the history of New
England. His mother, daughter of Robert, and
cousin of John Pierpoint, the poet, was thus con
nected wilh one of the old, famous, historic fara
ilies of England ; while his father, Richard Skinner, was a
man of marked eminence and ability, having been Stale's
Attorney, Judge of Probate, Member of Legislalure, Gover-'
nor. Member of Congress, and Chief Justice of the Stale
Suprerae Court, and so high was the esteem in which he
vvas held that he alraost invari.ably continued in these vari
ous positions until he declined further service. The son
fitted for college at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and entered
the University of Vermont in 1830, graduating in 1833, in
advance of his class. Pie determined to become, like his
falher, a lawyer, and for Iwo years studied law at Saratoga
Springs, vvith Judge Ezek Cowen, an eminent jurist and
author, and Nicholas Hill, an accoraplished lawyer. He
also spent one year in the New Haven Law School, a de
partment of Yale College. Chicago was just then beginning
to attract attention as a promising jilace, and in 1836 he
went thither, a cotemporary of a large circle of young raen
whose names have since iidded lustre to the annals of the
city and the State ; and it vvill be seen also that he is now
one of the oldest citizens of Chicago. He was admitted to
the bar of IlUnois immediately, and in the fall of that year
entered upon Ihe active practice of law, wdlh G. O. A. Beau
mont as partner. In l83g-40 he was elecled City Attorney
of Ihe young city. His stable character, resolution and
energy, allhough never enjoying very good health, made
him prominent in his profession .as well as in the Demo.
cratic parly, ihough he was never a professional politician.
He was Master in Chancery for Cook counly for years, and
was afterward appoinled by President Tyler, United Stiates
District Attorney, for a district embracing the entire Stale.
At the second term his claim was contested by Plon. J. N.
Arnold, and as a compromise the office was given to a third
and favorably I party. Just before receiving this apjiointment he assisted

commentpH iinnn n„,i „ ...  J \i""^}- j"='. I'ciuic iccciving tnis apjiointment ne assislec
p iZd but rhap no t sI'T'k 1 T'^ """" """ '" '" "'^ ¦^™^^^-''- "^ Charles Chapraan upon a charge of
punted , peibaps no juster Inbule has been rendered lo I perjury, in an application for b.ankruplcy. Th

he case was a

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

257

notable one, as being the only conviction in the United
.Stales under Ihe old bankrupt lavv. In 1846 he was elected
Member of the Legislature, and becarae chairman of the
most iraportant coraraittee in the House, that upon finance.
He drew up and procured the passage of a bill which
brought order out of the chaos of St.ate indebtedness, and
set the matter upon a healthier basis. Il also became a
point of jealousy and warm discussion, wdielher, in the ap-
jiortionnient of delegates to the new Slate Constitutional
Convention, the census of 1840 or of 1845 should be the
guide, as the one would give the ascendency to the southern
counties, and the other to the northern. Mr. Skinner be
came Ihe leader of the latter, and by his skilful manage
ment and leadership Ihey carried the d.ay. This question
involved another still raore important one — the payment of
the Slate debt at some time, principal and interest, or ils
utter repudiation, and a raan of his character could not long
dou'jt on which side to be. In 185 1 he was elected Judge
of the Cook Counly Court of Common Pleas, and declined
a re-election in 1853 on account of feeble heallh. This was
at an early day when the business Ihal is now apportioned
aniong two or three courts vvas all transacted by him, and
al a far less salary Ihan is now paid to eilher of these. His
health also prevented his resuraing a general law practice,
and he w.as led tt-; turn his attention to large financial opera
tions, in which he has since been engaged for raany years.
In consequence of his accurate knowledge of law and thor
ough reliability of character, he became agent for many now
resident capitalists, investing .and loaning for them large
suras of raoney, which went toward the construction of
many elegant blocks and residences in the city. In 1861
he was chosen President of the Chicago Sanitary Commis
sion, which from a local afterward grew to be a general
organization, the well-known Northwestern Sanitary Com
mission, lie held this re;ponsible position until 1864, per
forraing its duties without any pay, until proslrated by an
attack of typhoid fever. In 1862 he was also elected a
raember of the Uniled States Sanitary Commission. But he
not only gave to the countiy his own services : he lost his
son, Richard Skinner, in its defence, a young man just grad
uated from Yale CoUege with promise, and possessed of a
spotless Christian character, vvho fell mortally wounded
on Ihe field of duty, June 22d, 1864. Judge Skinner has
also been an active and efficient member of the school
board, and friend of education, and one of Ihe schools of
the city has been named after hira. In i848>he delivered
before the New England Society, of vvhich he was one of
Ihe founders, an address in vindication of the character of
the Pilgrim Fathers, which was afterward published. He
vvas also one ofthe founders ofthe Chicago Reform School,
and was chosen first President of its Board of Directors.
To raake this perfect he inspected all the prorainent reform
atory institutions in the older States, and engrafted the re-
stdts of his observation upon his school with decided
'success. He has always been interested in the city's
33

growth and prosjierity, and naturaUy became concerned in
ils railroad interests, as Director of the old Galena, and of
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads. He was
raarried May 2isl, 1841, to Elizabeth Magill Williams, and
has had six children. He has long been identified with Ihe
Presbyterian church as a member and an officer. In private
life he is of simple, quiet tastes, and of unswerving integrity.
He is now Agent for making loans and investments for the
Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, and slill lives
in Chicago, an honored and useful citizen ofthe city he has
so long been identified wdlh.

ARNES, ALLEN T,, M.D., Superintendent of
the Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane, was
born at Bedford, Kenlucky, June 21st, 1832.
His parents. Craven Barnes and Mary Barnes,
were natives of Kentucky. His earlier and pre
paratory education was acquired in the South
Planover College, located in Indiana. After leaving school
he engaged in leaching, and continued in that occupation
during the ensuing fifteen raonths. At the expiration of
that time he decided to embrace the medical profession,
and accordingly coraraenced the study of raedicine under
the supervision and able guidance of Dr, McClure, a favor
ably known physician and a skilful practitioner. With this
instructor he reraained for about three years, then graduated
at the Kenlucky School of Medicine at LouisvUle, He
subsequently entered upon the active practice of his profes
sion in Austin, Indiana, where he was successfully occujiied
during the following three years. He Ihen returned to
Louisville, lUinois, and was there profession.ally occupied
until 1862, raeeting vvith great success and securing a very
extensive practice. Shortly after the outbreak of the Re
belUon, early in 1862, he entered the service of the Uniled
States in the capacity of Surgeon of the g8th Illinois Mounted
Infantry, served efficientiy and actively throughout the war,
.and vvas discharged August 5lh, 1865. While engaged in
the array he did staff duly for a considerable period, and was
placed in charge of the hospitals al Bowling Green, Nash
ville, and Chattanooga. He was an active participant in
raany battles and engageraents : araong Ihem were those of
Chickaraauga, Farmington, Hoover's Gap, Buzzard Roost,
Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Selraa, Colum
bus, and Macon, besides- innuraerable skirraishes, all of a
character raore or less perilous and iraportant. At the close
of the conflict he located himself at Centralia, Illinois, where
he resumed the practice of his profession, remaining there
until 1873. For seven years he was Surgeon of the Illinois
Central Railroad, and during 1871 and 1872 was Mayor
of Centralia, having on each occasion been elecled against
his expressed wishes. Prior to this tirae he had also been
Alderraan for a terra of two years. In 1873 he was appointed
Superintendent of the Illinois Soulhern Hospital for the In-

258

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

sane, which position he still retains. This is the largest
hospital in the State, and will have a holding capacity when
corapleted for four hundred patients; the north and centre
wings are novv completed, and the south wing is under
contract and will shortly be finished. He was raarried
while in Louisville, Illinois, in 1856,10 Elizabeth H. Green,
a resident of that place.

<5 d?^ TORRS, EMORY A., Lawyer, was born in the
year 1834, in Cattaraugus county. New York.
He studied law wdth his father and Marshall R.
Charaplain, ex-Allorney-General of ihe Slate of
New York. In 1855 he was admitted to the bar
in Buffalo. Until 1859 he practised law in New
York city, and then removed to Chicago, where he has
since resided and practised his profession. In many re
spects he is one of the most noted men at the Chicago bar,
and in some of his qualities he has few equals and no supe
riors in the legal ranks, not only of Chicago, but of the
counlry. As a jury lawyer be is in some respects unequalled.
His command of language is tremendous, and his powers
of ridicule and sarcasm, and his ability to seize and use the
huraorous phase of any case or any circumstance, are unap
proachable. He can appreciate and eraploy the ludicrous
elements of affairs as very few other raen can do. In all
his efforts he is exceedingly brilliant, and his addresses
sparkle from beginning to end, and not unfrequently scorch
while they shine. But he has no just appreciation of Ihe
pathetic, and so misses an eleraent of great power. Sponta
neity is one strong feature ofhis excellence; his best "hits"
have their origin in the inimediate circuraslances of the tirae
and place, and so are doubly effective. He is a hard
student, has the abilily to coraprehend a case, and Ihe in
dustry to work it up with care and effect. He is zealous in
Ihe cause of his client, and works hard, effectively, and very
often successfully in his behalf. He has, withal, gained
some prominence as a political speaker, and his utterances
in this direction have considerable weight. In person he is
of less than the medium height, is slender, and has light
hair and coraplexion, and blue eyes. His movements are
quick and his manner nervous. Altogether he is a success
ful man, and as is inevitable vvith a man of his organizalion
and temperament, has many ardent admirers, and has excited
many antipathies.

AKER, DAVID JEWETT, Lawyer, and Judge
of the Twenty-sixth Circuit of Illinois, vvas born
at Kaskaskia, Randolph county, Illinois, Novem
ber 20th, 1834. His Jiarents were David Jewell
Baker and Sarah Tenery (Fairchild) Baker. His
father was born in Connecticut, and moved to
in i3ig, and for a brief jieriod was United Stales
from Illinois, and during his lifetirae vvas a leading

IllinoisSenator

and prominent lawyer, and the personal friend of Abraham
Lincoln, S. T. Logan, and Chief Justice Breese. His edu
cation was acquired at the Shurlleff College, in Upper Alton,
Illinois, from which institution he graduated in 1854. De
ciding subsequently to embrace the legal profession, he en
gaged in the study of law, and was thus occupied during
Iwo consecutive years. Ultimately, after passing the re
quired examination, he was licensed to practise law, and
since his admission to the bar in 1856, has been constantly
ancl successfuUy engaged in professional duties, either al Ihe
bar, in the office, or on the bench. In November of the
latter year he removed to Cairo, where he rapidly secured
an extensive and remunerative clientage. In politics he has
always been a supporter of the Republican party, and upon
various occasions has ably sustained its principles and vin
dicated its course of action. He has held several municipal
offices, and frora 1864 to 1865 vvas Mayor of Cairo. - In
March, 1869, he was elected Judge of the Nineteenth Cir
cuit, and in June, 1873, was elected to the Circuit Judgeship
of the Twenty-sixth Circuit, an office which he still retains.
He has performed all public trusts with efficiency and
fidelity, and as Judge of the Circuit Court has, by his integ
rity and ability, won the confidence and esteem of the entire
bar. Endowed with innate talents of a high order, they
have been fully developed by a course of thorough elemen
tary training, and subsequent study, experience and "research ;
and his rulings and judgments are characterized by sound
ness of logic, clearness of expression, and concise accuracy.
In all matters connected with the social and political status
of his State and county he has always manifested a warm
and generous interest, and in many ways, while acting in a
public capacity, has been instramental in conducing to their
onward march and improvement. He was married in July,
1864, to Sarah Elizabeth White.

EXTER, WIRT, Lawyer, was born in Dexter,
Michigan, in the year 183^ Samuel Dexter, his
grandfather, was not only a lawyer but a slates-
man. He vvas a member of Ihe cabinet in John
Ad.ams' adrainistration, and Daniel Webster, in
his great speech against Hayne, paid a lofty tribute
to the great constitutional lawyer. Samuel Dexter and
Franklin Dexler, falher and uncle of Wirt Dexter, were also
lawyers of great prorainence. At one lime Sarauel was a
Territorial Judge in Michigan, and subsequentiy resumed
the practice of Ihe lavv in the tovvn of Dexler, which he had
founded. This town vvas the birth-place of Wirt Dexler,
and here he resided until he removed to Chicago some six
teen years ago. ITe attended the schools in his native Stale
for a tirae, and spent a short period at Ann Arbor, but left
there before taking his degree, and went to one of the East
ern coUeges. For sorae tirae before removing to Chicago
he vvas in Ihe luraber business in the Michigan pine regions,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

259

and he devoted a portion of his leisure time to making po
litical stump-speeches. Plis oratorical efforts at this period
are said lo have combined the characteristics of Methodist
exhortation and far- Western eloquence. As we have said,
he removed from Michigan to Chicago, and there he en
gaged again in the lumber business for a tirae. He left that
occupation to study law, becoming a student in the office
of Sedgwick & Walker. He was admitted to the bar in
due course of tirae, and his progress in his profession has
been very rapid. He is now recognized as standing in the
front rank of the legal anny, and illustrates anew the heredi
tary transmission of talents. He is superior both as an ad
vocate and as an attorney. As an advocate he always speaks
well and effectively. His speeches are always full of mean
ing, ami are of a character clear, elevated and comprehen
sive. He speaks wilh an earnestness that convinces his
headers that he is convinced that he is right and fully be
lieves what he is saying. There is never an opportunity
for forgetting that il is a gentleman and a scholar of refine
ment who speaks ; and the humor that soraetiraes is displayed
in his speeches is never of the lovv coraedy order. Pure,
clear and epigrararaatic, his best speeches are models. As
a counsellor he is profound, able and reliable. He is
" learned in the law," but his own originality of mind
guides him most surely in his conclusions. He studies his
books closely, bul rather for corroboration than for author
ity, and appears to regard thera rather as witnesses than as
¦judges. He judges the case in which he is interested by
the standard of right and wrong, and if he judges it to be
wrong will not engage to support it. Trickery he abom
inates, and litigation, save as a last resort, he discour.ages.
He will not advise a suit unless he knows his client to be
in -the right, and believes a lawsuit to be absolutely the only
resource. Men know this, and hence the great confidence
wilh vvhich he is regarded. He has fine social qualities,
occupies a high social position, is .genial and affable, luxur
ious in his habits, artistic and refined in his tastes, liberal
in the extreme, and popular araong all his acquaintances.

^ WING, REV. PROFESSOR DAVID, was born,
August l8lh, 1830, in Cincinnati. He is of Ger
raan parentage, his grandfather being frora the
province of Alsace, along the disputed frontier
between France and Gerraany, and his father be
ing previously to their living in Cincinnati a
resident of New Jersey. In all his early life he struggled
wdth poverty and sickness, and indeed has never been pos
sessed of very good health. His preliminary education
was obtained in Cincinnati and in Oxford, Ohio. He at
length entered Miami University, where he -^graduated in
¦1S52. He then studied theology a year at Cincinnati, vvhen

he was called to teach languages in Miami University in
1854. He filled this professorship for twelve years, when
in 1866 he received a call to the pastorale of the Fourth
Presbyterian Church of Chicago, of vvhich church he is
still the jiastor. Pie w.as raarried in 1854 to Elizabeth
Porter, daughter of a physician. They have two children,
daughters. During the great fire of 1871 his ehurch and
parishioners were corapletely burned out, and they vvere
very rauch scattered ; so that instead of resuming worship
on their old ground, in the North Division, they met for a
lime with him in Standard Hall, a spacious building be
longing to a Jewish organizalion, and afterward he preached
for a while ori the Sabbath in McVicker's Theatre, as being
a StiU more centrally located point. Now, however, they
have rebuilt a beautiful church upon their old quarters,
and are once more gathered together as a scattered family
might be. For a few years past Professor Swing has been
steadily and powerfully growing into public favor as a
preacher of the very first order. During his ministrations
in the theatre crowded audiences evinced the popular in
terest in him, and al that lime his audiences were largely
raiscellaneous assemblies, raany of his hearers not having
been regular attendants upon divine service. He is an
eloquent speaker, eloquent in a plain horaely earnestness,
an utter absence of all staginess, or attempt at oratory, and
a raanifest entire foigelfulness of self, and a devotion to his
work. His voice is not pleasant, nor is his enunciation
particularly allractive, and it is hard for a stranger lo analyze
Ihe impression made in hearing him, or tell the secret of
his power ; but the charm is there, as the public have found
out long ago ; and by raany he is even cofisidered the raost
eloquent minister in Ihe city. As a man he is exceedingly
plain and unassuming in manner. To ihe world at large,
outside of Chicago, he is perhaps best known as connected
with the great ecclesia.stical trial of "Patton vs. Swing"
before the Presbytery, and afterward before the Synod, he
being charged with holding doctrines heretical to Ihe Pres
byterian faith. He was, after a prolonged trial, acquitted
before the forraer body, and convicted before the latter of
heresy. He is the editor of The Alliance, arid as ready in
his utterance in the field of Uterature as in the sacred desk.
The people of his church are warmly attached to their
pastor. During all the progress of the famous and trying
ordeal through which he passed his Christian bearing and
firbearance, and freedom frora aniraosily, won the respect
and outspoken syrapathy of a large additional circle of
friends and adrairers. After the rendering of the above
verdict, he decided to prevent all occasion for further pro
ceedings by withdrawing frora that denomination and en
tering the Congregational body. In consequence of the
universal satisfaction vvith his preaching, after the fire he
was urged lo occupy some large teraple or tabernacle in the
heart of the city, but he declined all such proposals and
returned to preach lo his old jiarish on North Side in their
rebuilt church.

26o

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

OONE, HON. LEVI D., M. D., ex-Mayor of
Chicago, vvas born, Deceraber 8th, 1808, near
Lexington, Kentucky. He is a grand-nephew
of the faraous pioneer, Daniel Boone. The
father of the latter eraigrated from England, first
to Pennsylvania, where D.aniel was born, and
afterward to North Carolina ; from whence the adventurous
spirit of young Boone led hira to penetrate still farther into
the wilderness, and at last to settle in Kentucky, his wife
and daughter being the first white women vvho ever stood
on the banks of the Kenlucky river. In this adventurous
•move he was accompanied by his brother, Sarauel, vvho
soon after his arrival was killed and scalped by Ihe Indians.
A son of his, named Squire Boone, at length became
affianced to Anna Grubbs, of Virginia, and as there was, in
the wilderness then composing Ihe westernraost of the Iwo
counties into vvhich the entire State of Kentucky vvas di
vided, no clergyman or authorized magistrate to perform
a marriace ceremony, they crossed to the other bank of the
river, in the eastern counly, vvhere ihey were married in
due forra, under the shade of a large tree. Squire Boone
became afterward a distinguished Baptist minister of Ken
tucky. Dr. Boone * was the seventh son of this marriage,
born while his parents were surrounded by the ravages of
Indian warfare ; his father, vvith the men of the settlement,
fiuhting them in the field, and his mother and the olher
women defending the garrison vvith firearms, axes and
boiUno' water. At the battle of " Horseshoe Bend " Boone
vvas shot through the hips, receiving a wound frora which
he never recovered ; and before he was len years of age
Levi was left fatherless, and his mother a widow without
inheritance. Educalion.al advantages were scarce, but he
applied himself, and, wilh heroic efforts on the jiarl of his
mother, he vvas enabled to complete his medical studies al
Transylvania University at the age of twenty-one. In the
spring of 1829 he removed to IlUnois, spending one year
in Edwardsville, and afterward establishing a practice in
HUlsboro, Montgoraery county. Very soon, however, the
people of Illinois were startled with the sound vvith whieh
his ancestors had been so farailiar, Ihe war-whoop of the
Indian. The Black Hawk war vvas upon the country ! Faith
ful to the antecedents of his family. Dr. Boone was the first
raan frora his county to answer the call for volunteers, and
al the head of a corapany of cavalry served out Ihat jieriod
of enUstment. At the second levy of troops he enlisted as a
privale, but was imraediately apjioinled Surgeon of the 2d
Regiraent of the 3d Brigade, in vvhich capacity he served
until the close of the war. In March, 1833, he vvas mar
ried to Louisa M. Smith, daughter of Hon. Theojih. W.
Smith, at one lime a Judge on the Supreme Bench of the
Slate. After six years practice in HUlsboro he reraoved in

* It will be seen by this account tbat bis grandfather was Samuel, and
not Sq-jire, Boone, as was erroneously stated in another account ofhis
li.e publislled several years ago.

1836 to Chicago. Here he ceased practice for a while, be
ing engaged as Secretary of the Chicago Marine & Life
Insurance Company, and subsequently in a contract on the
canal. The financial crash following soon after, he re
sumed his profession, in the practice of which he continued
wiihout inteiraission in Chicago until 1862, when failing
health required a change of occupation. His retireraent
caused a general regret among his old patients, and many
of the oldest families stUl clung to him for advice. Of a
nature sympathizing and lender, but in critical momenis
cool and firra, his jirescnce was always hailed in the sick
chamber with confidence. He proved himself especially
unflinching and faithful in the visitation of cholera. At its
first advent he was chosen City Physician, and acted as such
for three years. For three terms he was elecled an Alder
man, and in 1855, the city having grown during his resi
dence from a population of four thousand to nearly a hun
dred thousand, he was elecled its Mayor. The period
covered by his term of office vvas an eventful one for the
city, and business vvas intensely active. The High and Re
form Schools were put in operation ; the grade of the city
established, and also its sewerage system ; and the famous
Nicholson pavement introduced. In 1862 the even tenor
of his life was interrupted by an incident untoward in itself,
and to a hig'h-minded gentleraan like hira exli.cmely jiain-
ful. On a charge of complicity in the escajje of a rebel
prisoner frora Carap Douglas he was placed under railitary
arrest by Colonel J. H. Tucker, coniinandant of this post,
and for some days confined in the carap, when, at Ihe in
stance of President Lincoln, an order for his release vvas
issued by the Secretary of War. The facts, briefly, were
these : The doctor, who from the outset of the Rebellion
had alvvays proved himself loyal, and in many practical
ways had, in common with the citizens generally, become
interested for the welfare and relief — not release — of the
rebel prisoners then in camp ; and having been, at a large
meeting held vvith this end in vievv, appointed one of the
almoners of ils charily, he assisted in distributing among
tbera money, as vvell as olher comforts. But after Ihe cruel
treatment received by Northern jirisoners became known,
an order was issued prohibiting further kindness of this sort.
But the doclor had in the meantime, and before this order
was jiromulgaled, gone away on a business tour, and three
weeks afterward, during his absence, a clerk of his jiaid
over, on an order frora one of the prisoners, as he had been
directed to do, a small balance of money which the prisoner's
mother had left in Dr. Boone's hands for the relief of her
son. And out of this siraple fact grew the cry of disloyalty
and the arrest I That no such iraputation was true was bolh
before and afterward proved by the doctor's abundant efforts
in behalf of the national cause, antl his personal labors in
relieving our own wounded at Ihe front without charge or
pay. He vvas also the first man in the city to advocate
inducements to enlistment by private bounty, and himself
offered a city lot, or forty acres of farm lands, to the widow

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

261

"of the first volunteer from Ihe ciiy who should fall in his
countiy's defence ; and a widow of one of Ihe .soldiers under
Mulligan leceived th.it bounty from his hand. The above
explanation of the arrest, and stateraents vvith regard to his
patriotisra, are no more Ihan simple justice to the man thus
wronged. The following copy of a letter received from
Colonel Tucker years afterward tells its own story and
closes our allusion lo this affair :
" New York, August I'jth, i86g.
" Hon. L. D. Boone, Chicago, Illinois.
" M'y Dear Sir: — My attention has been called to sorae
biographical notices of prominent citizens of Chicago,
recently published; aniong which is a brief sketch of your
self in vyhich reference is made to your arrest in the sum
mer of 1862, al Camp Douglas, upon a charge of corapUcily
in the escape of a Confederate prisoner. A pleasant duly
is suggested to rae, my dear sir, by reading the sketch above
referred to, and which I hasten to perform by addressing
you this hasty note to-day : — that nothing whatever w.as de
veloped during the investigation of the case referred lo
which in any way implicated yourself as conspiring for the
escape ofthe prisoner. And, for rayself, perrait me to say
that I never doubled your true and sincere loyalty to the
counlry throughout the entire period of ils greatest crisis.
" I am, ray dear sir, very respectfully,
" Your obedient servant, Joseph H. Tucker,
" Colonel commanding Camp Douglas in 1862."
Dr. Boone afterward becarae Financial Agent of the
western departraent of the Union Mutual Life Insurance
Corapany, of Boston, having charge, more jiarticularly, of
its investments and securities ; and though novv well ad
vanced in years, and at an age when many vvould retire
from business, he is slill actively engaged in the duties of
this position. At the age of seventeen he made a profession
of religion in connection with the Baptist denoraination,
and now for half a century has been a raeraber and much
of the time an officer of that church ; having of late years
contributed princely sums toward the erection and mainte
nance of the Michigan Avenue Baptist Church, of Chicago,
to vvhich he belongs ; and vvhere he has also been actively
engaged in the Sabbath-school work. He was one of the
first to lend his counsel and co-operation to the formation
ofthe University of Chicago, and has been for a long tirae
a Trustee of ils General and Execulive Boards, and frora
the beginning a large contributor to its funds. He is also
the President and largest stockholder of the Chicago Zinc
and Mining Company, in Kansas. His wife is still living,
and they have a family of six children, two sons and four
daughters ; and ten grandchildren.

II HELPS, OTHNIEL B., retired Real Estate Agent,
was born in Potter's HoUow, Schoharie counly,
New York, February i8th, 1 821. Pie is a cousin
of Potter Palmer, and was born in the same
settlement, w'nich was named after the faraily, and
lies at Ihe intersection of three counties. His
father was a farmer, and he worked on the farra suraraers

and attended school winters until sixteen years of age,
when he entered a country store and reraained there four
years. He then started a tannery establishment in Oswego
county, in which he was engaged for ten years. He was
married in 1850 to Miss Steele, of Windham, Greene
counly. In i860 he went to Chicago, and entered the dry-
goods store of Potter Palmer, in which he was engaged for
five years ; at vvhich time Mr. Palraer sold out, and invested
heavily in real estate in Chicago, himself residing in New
York, traveUing in Europe, and otherwise absent much of
ihe time. During all this period, and until quite recentiy,
Mr. Phelps had charge of his interests in the Garden City,
superintending the construction of buildings, etc. ; when,
in the spring of 1874, he retired from active life. Like his
cousin he possesses a marked talent for business, and has
proved himself useful in the discharge of the responsible
positions which he has held.

CODY, DWIGHT L., Evangelist, was bora in
Northfield, Massachusetts, February 5lh, 1837.
His educational advantages in youlh weie very
inferior and limited, nor had his reUgious nalure
been developed any more than his intellectual en
dowraents. At about the age of eighteen he went
to Boston to obtain a business training in Ihe establishment
of an uncle. He one day. went into the church of Rev. Dr.
Kirk, vvhere he heard a powerful sermon which convicted
him of sin ; he resolved not to go there again. But on the
next Sabbath he returned, and the impression was deep
ened. Just then his S.abbath-school teacher called upon
hira, and to hira he unburdened his raind. The result of
Ihis talk was Ihe conversion of Mr. Moody. He applied
for adraission to Ihe church soon after, bul was counselled
by the comraittee to delay a profession until he cotdd more
cleariy apprehend the fundamental truths of Christianity.
His parents were Unitarians. About a year later he pre
sented himself again lo the coraraittee and vvas received
into the church. Soon after he attended a prayer-meeting,
and rose and spoke briefly. At the close of the meeting
the Jiastor took him aside and kindly adviseil him not to
speak in the meetings, bul that he might serve God more
acceptably in sorae olher way. Other attempts on his part
met with similar discouragement from several good people.
In the fall of 1856 he went to Chicago, where he entered
into business for hiraself. Desiring to be useful he entered
a Sunday-school and asked Ihat they would give hira a
class to leach : he was told that they had plenty of teachers,
but that space would be given hira lo teach if he would
gather a nevv class. He accordingly went out upon ihe
streets, and ihe next Sabbatii brought in eighteen boys.
This was the beginning of his raission to the masses. He
enjoyed bringing thera in so rauch, that, instead of teaching
the class himself, he handed it over to another teacher, and

262

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

went on recruiting class after class until Ihe school was
filled. Soon after he began lo entertain the idea of starling
a mission school of his own in a neglected portion of the
city. He consulted the clergymen in that section, but they
unaniraously dissuaded him frora the atterapt : on further
reflection, however, he decided to raake the trial, and
accordingly vvith a few associates he began the " North
Market HaU Mission," in a hall that w.as usetl Saturday
nights for dancing, and vvhich Ihey spent the lale hou:s of
the night and inlo the raorning in cleaning out for the pur
poses of their school. Here Ihe school was held for six
years, attended both by encouragements and discourage
ments. Finding it an unsuitable place for prayer-meetings
or Sabbath services, he rented a saloon that vvould hold
about two hundred persons. In this dismal place, wilh
policemen on guard about Ihe door, he gathered Ihe poor
and vicious lo teach Christ lo thera. Lillie then did he
imagine hiraself occupying the vast and splendid halls of
Great Britain in vvhich he has recently preached the sarae
vvord. He early saw that aniong such a population the
meetings, to be successful, raust be lively and interesting,
and, appreciating the power of song, secured the assistance
of a good singer; thus he established ahold, divided the
school inlo classes, and Ihen conducted it rauch in the usual
vvay. The interest on Ihe part of the children soon drew in
some of Ihe older people, and conversions began to occur.
Mr. Moody urged Ihem to connect themselves vvith various
churches. But they did not feel at home, or contented to
do so. Gradually, therefore, he felt constrained to lake
charge of thera and supply them vvith Christian instruction.
About ihis lime the revival of 1857-58 occurred, which led
to Ihe formation of Ihe Young Men's Christian Association
of Chicago, and the establishment of a daily union prayer-
nieeling. He was very active in this meeting, and al one
lime vvhen its attendance had diminished to three or four
persons, he, by person.al efforts, induced more than one
hundred lo join Ihe praying-band. His school and church
had steadily increased, and now Ihe forraer numbered about
one thousand in attendance. He resolved to give up his
business and devote his whole time to the work. When
asked hovv he expected lo live, he replied, " God will pro
vide, if he wishes rae to keep on; and I will keep on until
I am obliged lo slop." And since that lime le has de
clined receiving any SEilary from any individual or society,
trusting solely for his maintenance to what it might be put
into Ihe heart of Christian people lo give, being himself
destitute of privale means. And this sarae resolve has
been fully carried out in his recent vvork in Great Bril.ain.
Bul, while adopting this raethod for hiraself, he never
pressed it upon others, and is hiraself the steady friend of
and co-worker with the salaried ministry. Plis vvork so
grew upon his hands, that in 1863 a large building, costing,
with the lot, ^20,000, was erected for hira on Illinois street,
where he gathered a church of three hundred raerabersi
preached Christ to a crowded assembly, and conducted a

flourishing Sunday-school. John V. Farwell, a wealthy
Christian merchant of the city, one of Mr. Moody's oldest
friends in the West, and now President of the Young Men's
Christian Association, provided hini with a house, which
was beautifully furnished by olher friends, and thus he was
cared for, and thus his great work went on, until Ihe sudden
shock of the great fire of 1871, which destroyed his church
and his home, and he only escaped with his wife and two
children, and his Bible. This Bible he now uses. About
five years ago he began that diligent, special study of the
Scriptures which has so fully and wonderfully furnished
him as an expounder of their truths. To pursue this study
he formed the habit of rising at four or five and studying
it until breakfast. Five weeks after the fire " The North
Side Tabernacle " vvas begun, and completed in thirty days ;
a wooden structure of one story's height, and seating fifteen
hundred persons. Here the raeetings went on. It was
afterward decided to build a larger ancl more substantial
church, costing |Sloo,ooo, and with twenty-five hundred
sittings. Ancl while this should be in process of construc
tion Mr. Moody decided to go to England with Mr.
Sankey and preach there. The Christian Commission,
during the war, found him a hearty, energetic, whole-souled
helper. At one lirae he had charge of the Chicago branch,
and afterwards went dovvn to the field, adrainistering to the
needy both spiritual and material comfort. In 1865 he was
elecled President of the Chicago Young Men's Christian
Association, and, with the choice spirits around him,
brought about a nevv era of growth and power in that
association. He .also vvas the means of infusing a new life
and interest into the Stale Sabbath-school conventions.
As was raentioned, after the fire he entered upon the work
in England : he had been there twice before, originally for
the health of him.self and faraily, and had forraed Ihose
English friendships vvhich led to his being invited to labor
in that counlry ; but he could never see his vvay clear to do
so until just at this tirae, and went over intending to remain
but a few months, until the completion of his church. On
their arrival they found, to their utter surprise, the two
friends both dead upon whose more particular invitation
they had come, and upon whom they had relied to pave the
vvay for them to speak lo the people. They, however, de
cided to make the atterapt; which they did in several sniall
towns wilh but jioor success, as even the church members
vvere not very cordial in their support. At length he de
cided to make a trial of the city of Newcastle, saying lo his
companion, that ifthey failed to unite the Christian people
there in aid of their services Ihey would conclude that they
had mist.aken Ihe call to preach in Great Britain. Here,
however, success, glorious success, dfwned upon their
efforts; the hearts of Christians were uniled in their help,
.and very many conversions look jilace. From that tirae
their success w.as assured, and the history of their grand
evangeli.slic labors ihroughoul the United Kingdom, la.sling
for a period of twenty-seven months instead of four, as

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

263

they had anticipated, is familiar lo the entire civilized
world. Mr. Moody is not, and never has been, an ordained
jireacher, but siraply a lay evangelist ; and his power does
not lie in learning, or oratorical abilily, for he possesses
little of either, but simply in his plain, homely earnestness,
and his whole-souled devotion to the service of Christ, and
the conversion of his fellow-men. When asked by friends
what he vvas going to England for, he replied, " For ten
thousand souls ; " and the result of his labors proves he
had set Ihe estimate far below the realization of thera. Plis
labors in England have been chiefly aniong the Christian, or
at least church-going, jiortion ofthe nation, " strengthening
the things that be, and are ready lo faint," and pulling new
life into the reUgious organizations in that land, as vvell as
jireaching also to the jioor and degraded. That this will
be to Ihose jieoples a lesson of ecclesiastical and religious
liberly, as our Revolution fought out for theni jirinciples of
Jiolitical freedom, wdiich they afterward accejiled and
availed theraselves of, there can be little doubt. Mr.
Moody has just returned to this counlry, where, after
taking a rest at his old horae in Northfield, he jiurposes,
wilh his corapanion, raaking a preaching-tour in the United
.Slates, and returning to the charge of his old church in
Chicago, who are still awaiting his return, and have never
given hira up. This church now nurabers about six
hundred members, and is one of the most active in the city.

'ANKEY, IRA D., Singer of Religious Songs, and
Mr. Moody's Co-laborer, was born in Edinburgh,
Pennsylvania, in 1840, of pious parents, who novv
live lo rejoice in the blessings that have attended
his labors. At the age of fifteen he became con
verted. He was an early attendant upon Sab
bath-school instruction, and very early developed a love for
rausic. He trained the children of the Sabbath-school in
singing, vvas leader of the church choir, and Superintendent
of the Sabbalh-school. His clear, raelodious voice, dis
tinct enunciation, and eraotional tones in singing, soon
attracted general attention, and he was often invited to
musical circles, and to conduct the singing at public meet
ings and conventions. His singing often touched the
heart, and souls were won for Christ by it. As it is a matter
which wUl interest the jiublic generally to know hovv he
came to labor wilh Mr. Moody, the facts raay be here slated
to be as foUows : At a national convention of Young Men's
Christian Associations, at Indianapolis, Mr. Moody heard
Mr. Sankey for the first tirae, and was impressed with
the remarkable adaptation of his voice and style of singing
to awaken the emotions, and carry horae religious truth to
the heart. On conferring together they found that their
love of raission vvork and desire for extended usefulness
were mutual, and they agreed lo labor together in evangel
istic services. For two or three years they were associated

in Chicago; and the union of Mr. Sankey's service of
song and Mr. Moody's fervid preaching became a nevv and
recognized jiovver for the spread of religion. They visited
olher cities and towns, and bolh of thera gained constantiy
in. abdity deejily to impress large audiences. Just before
they left for Europe he vvas pressed to spend six months in
a tour through cities on the Pacific coast, to sing sacred
songs; but after seeking divine direction he was convinced
that it was his duly to accompany Mr. Moody to Great
Britain. The results have shown that he vvas divinely
directed. He accompanied Mr. Moody lo England, taking
along his wife and two sons, a third son having been born
to thera while in Scotland, and in his departraent of sacred
song he has been no less effective a worker for Christ Ihan
Mr. Moody in his of jireaching ; and many are the souls
that have avowed their first love for the Saviour lo have
been connected with the effect of his singing. He not
only sings, but speaks for Christ; in the after meetings con
versing with the anxious, giving thera instruction and
counsel. He has rendered great service lo the church of
Christ by the compilation of his book of " Sacred Songs,"
and their tunes ; and Ihey are being used all over the
world, having already been translated into half a dozen
languages. Mr. Sankey has a fine, full, soft baritone voiee,
well-trained, and over vvhich he has complete mastery, the
organ being in his solos used only as an accessory ; his
singing has no jiretension to being artistic, but is perfectly
plain and natural, vvith a distinctness of enunciation and a
volurae of .sound that enables him to fill the largest hall in
which they have ever held service. Pie is very modest in
regard to his own merits in the grand tour Ihey have so
recentiy made, ascribing all the glory to God. His singing
is wilh the understanding, deep, intense, expressive. .Since
their return he is taking a rest at his old home preparatory
lo entering upon a sirailar campaign wilh Mr. Moody in
this country.

OWERS, REV. HORATIO N., D. D., was born,
April 30lh, 1826, in Anienia, Dutchess counly,
New York, and spent his boyhood on the farm,
vvhere he secured a robust conslilution. Begin
ning in the coraraon school, he pursued his
studies in the Araenia Serainary, and entered
Union College, at Schenectady, Mew York ; graduating in
the class of 1850. After this he taught histoiy tmd mathe
matics in Ihe Anienia Serainary for two years, and only
left lo enter the General Theological Seminaiy of Ihe Prot
estant Episcopal Church in the Uniled Stiales, located in
New York city. From this seminary, after three years'
study, he, in 1855, went lo Lancaster, Pennsylvania, as
assistant minister to Rev. Samuel Bowman, D. D., having
previously been ordained in Trinity Church, New York, by
Bishop Horatio Poller. In 1856 he was ordained Presbyter
by Bishop Alonzo Potter, of Pennsylvania, and in 1857 he

264

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

was called to be rector of Sl. Luke's Church, Davenport,
Iowa; and when, in 1865, his church was turned over to
Bishop Lee, he was made the head of a new and important
educational enterprise, which culminated in the establishment
of Griswold College, over which he was elected to serve as
President. In 1867 he received the degree of D. D. frora
his Alma Mater. He perforraed these double duties as
pastor and president for three years, and at the end of that
time, to the regret of all his friends and associates, he
resigned bolh offices to accept the rectorship of St. John's
Church, in Chicago, over which church he has ever since
remained. Dr. Powers is ackuowdedged to be one of the
leading clergymen of this city. He is and always has been
fearless in declaring his convictions of right and truth ;
though in his pastorale in Davenport his outspoken loyalty
caused the disaffection and withdrawal of many of his
parishioners, and some of the wealthiest among them. He
is an eloquent, fluent speaker, and a man of varied and
thorough learning. His is largely a poetical nature and
temperament, and his sermons receive this inborn tincture
and coloring of the poetic and ideal. He has recentiy
published a volurae of religious essays, entitled " Thoughts
Relating to the Seasons of Nature and the Church,"
Roberts Brothers, Boston. He has in former years been a
contributor to the Nevv York Independent, and his sermons
are frequentiy reprinted in the journals ofthe city. Recently
he has been paid Ihe corapliraent of an American editorshiji
in " L'Art," an art publication issued in France, the only
instance of the kind in this country. He has also contrib
uted editorials for the " Round Table,'' and written for Ihe
" Lilerary World," " Putnam's Magazine," and " Old and
New." He is a raan wdiora, for his warra-hearled, whole-
souled nalure, not only his own faraUy but many intiraate
friends prize inestimably. He lias rare culture and fine
reUgious susceptibilities ; and his jiovver is in the " beauty
of holiness," and the polish of refinement. That greater
poel, WiUiara Cullen Bryant, speaking of his volurae of
religious essiiys, says, " It is a genial book : the topics are
handled gracefully, the piely is unaffected, and the general
spirit of the book truly catholic. You take cheerful vievvs
of Ufe and duly — Ihe true philosophy bolh for the race and
the individual. M.ay you w'rile many such wholesome
books."

^^IBBS, A. E., Dentist, vvas born in Troy, Nevv York,
July i2lh, 1836, his falher being L. E. Gibbs, a
prorainent raerchant. When nine years of age
his parents removed lo Nevv York city, and he
there attended the Pligh School until he reached
his eighteenth year. From this tirae until attaining
his raajority he acted as a clerk in a grocery store. Upon
the expiralion of this service he coraraenced his prepara
tions for following, as a permanent vocation, the profession
of dentistry. He studied lo this eud for one year, and then

raoved to Hillsdale, Michigan, wdiere he continued his pre
paratory labors, corapleling them at length. In the spring
of i860 he went lo Lockpoil, where he opened a dental
office. On October 3d, 1861, he was married to Miss E. M.
Pettingill, of that place, who died September Ist, 1872,
leaving one child. Early in 1864 he settled in Ollawa,
Illinois, where he opened an office, and where he has
resided ever since. He was one of the originators of the
Illinois Dental Associalion, and is now one of its leading
raembers. He was also one of the founders of the Ottawa
Academy of Natural Science, of which he is v, member,
and was its Treasurer for a number of years. In the winter
of 1867-68 he attended the Rush Medical CoUege, Chicago,
to more thoroughly perfect himself in the profession which
he had espoused. Though not the oldest dentist in Ottawa,
he ranks wdth the very best, and has attained an excellent
reputation for skill and competency, and a patronage which
is both large and remunerative.

RUMMOND, HON. TPIOMAS, Judge of United
States Circuit Court, was born in Bristol, Maine,
October 1 6th, 1 809. His father was James
Druraraond, originally a sailor and sea captain,
afterward a miller and farmer, and at one period
a member of tie Maine Legislature. He at
tended first the common school ; then academies, at four
different places; after whieh he entered Bowdoin College
in 1826, graduating, after a full course, in 1830. The poet
Longfellow, vvho graduated at the same college the year
previous lo Mr. Drummond's entering il, and has just cora-
raeniorated his college semi-centennial by the beautiful
poem, " Morituri Salutamus," had just been appointed a
tutor in the college, and was one of his teachers. After
graduation Mr. Drummond repaired to Philadeljihia, where
he began the study of law, first wilh Williara T. Dwdghl,
son of Dr. Dwight, of Yale College; and wdien the latter
left the bar and entered the ministry he finished his studies
wilh Thomas Bradford, and vvas admitled to the bar, at
Philadelphia, in 1833. In 1835 he went West, and settied
al Galena, Illinois, where he engaged steadily in the prac
tice of law until 1850. In 1839 he vvas married to Delia
A. Sheldon, daughter of John P. Sheldon, of Willow
Springs, Wisconsin. In 1840 he was elecled to the Illinois
Legislature, from a district embracing all the norlhweslern
part of the Stale. In February, 1850, he was appointed
by General Taylor Judge of the Uniled Slates District
Court of Illinois, comprising Ihe entire Stale. His position
was afterward raade that of Judge of the United Stales Cir
cuit Court for northern Illinois, which he continued to be
until l86g. In 1854 he reraoved his residence lo Chicago.
In December, i86g, he was appointed by President Grant
Judge of the Seventh Circuit of Ihe United Stales, covering
Ihe .States of Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, and a

BIOGRAP.ilCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

265

population of nearly six raillions of peojile. This position
he has held ever since. In 1868 he reraoved his residence
to Winfield, Du Page county, Illinois, where he now lives
upon his farm of a hundred or more acres, his office remain
ing at Chicago. He is, with his family of six children —
two sons and four daughters — an attendant upon Sl. James
Episcopal Church, in Chicago, as they have been for many
years. During his residence at Galena he was one of the
original stockholders and directors of the old Galena &
Chicago Union Railroad, the first built in the Stale, and
now constituting a portion of the Chicago & Northwestern
Railroad. He has thus been Judge of a United States
Court, and had jurisdiction over part of the same territory
for an uninterrupted period of twenty-five years. He vvas
in former tinies a Whig, and is now a Republican, but has
never been concerned in political matters, except in the
solitary instance above mentioned, vvhen he vvas elected to
the Legislalure. But it is mainly vvith his character as a
Judge that Ihe public is interested, and there he stands
almost without a peer upon the bench in the wdiole counlry.
When a boy at home he ardently wished to follow Ihe sea
as his falher had done ; but he could not gain parental per
mission, and obediently relinquished the idea. StiU the sea
was always to him an object of interest, and in after years
his studies upon marine law were so thorough and close
that his decisions in admiralty have seldora been reversed.
Indeed, this is true lo a remarkable degree of his decisions
upon the bench on all manner of cases during his judicial
career of a quarter of a century, that but a very small pro
portion of his judgments have ever been reversed or even
appealed from. As a judge he is profound, clear, methodi
cal ; his justice is tempered wdth raercy ; he is thoroughly
conscientious in the discharge of his duties, refusing to sit
in judgnient on any case w-here it could reasonably be sup
posed he raight have any personal interest, and upon the
bench he is the impersonation of dignity. As a man among
men, or in the cjuiet surroundings ofhis home, he is readily
approached, unostentatious and genial — a siraple, noble,
republican type of raan.

f'USHMAN, COLONEL WILLIAM HERCULES
WASHBURN, Capitalist, Banker, Merchant, and
Fanner, was born in Freetown, Bristol county,
Massachusetts, May 13th, 1813, being the son of
Plercules and Mary Washburn Cushraan, the
former being a well-known lawyer. His ancestry
can be traced back directly to one of Ihe original members
of the "Mayflower" colony, Robert Cushman, who, when
their sister shiji, the " Speedwell," sprang a leak on the voy
age to Ihe new world, went back in her to the mother
country, and carae over to Plyraouth during the foUowing
season. Colonel Cushraan first attended a private school
and subsequently was placed in the railitary school of Cap-
34

tain Alden Partridge, at Norwich, Verraont, where he re
raained two years. Pie then went lo Amherst, where he
prepared for college, but before finishing his preparatory
studies entered upon a mercantile career. When eighteen.
years of age he opened a store for the sale of general mer
chandise, in Middleboro', Massachusetts. In 1833 he was
married to Othalia A. Leonard of Ihat place, and in 1834
moved to Ottawa, Illinois, where he opened a second slore,
and became interested in a general raiUing business, the
only one of its kind within a circuit of many railes. Pie
continued in this until 1840, when he disposed of this busi
ness. His wdfe died in 1835, and in 1837 he was married
to Plarriet Gridley, of Ottawa, daughter of Rev. Ralph
Gridley. She died in 1841. Colonel Cushraan continued
from 1831 until 1856 in mercantile life. In the former year
he was elected to the State Legislalure, and was re-elected
in 1842. In 1843 he vvas married to Anna C. Rodney,
daughter of Plon. Cesar A. Rodney, of Delaware. In 1852
he became the owner of an extensive foundry and machine
shop, of which he is still proprietor. In 1854 he again be
came concerned in a flouring mill, and maintains this inter
est at the Jiresent time. From i860 until 1865 he owned
and controlled the Bank of Ottawa. Colonel Cushraan, in
1861, personally organized the 53d Illinois Regiraent, which
was composed not only of a full quota of infanliy, but of a
squadron of cavalry and an artillery corapany of four pieces.
This regiment, which was unquestionably one of the finest
ever sent to the field, was organized and equipped by the
direct authority of President Lincoln, wdth whom Colonel
Cushman was on terms of cordial intimacy, requisitions
being made directly upon the United Stales authorities. In
the sjiring of 1862, having been all the previous winler en
gaged in recruiting this organization, the 53d was mustered
into service wdlh himself as Colonel, and was ordered to the
front. The regiraent went directly to Savannah, Tennessee,
and reraained in carap there until the battle of Shiloh, when
they were sent into the field, arriving upon the scene of
battle late in the day, and at that moment when by a reverse
of fortune the Union forces were driven back by the enemy.
General Grant ordered Colonel Cushman to report to Gen
eral Buell, which he did, and his command was placed in
camp at Shiloh, and for sorae tirae scoured the surrounding
country, picking up stragglers from both armies. The 53d
was subsequentiy al the siege of Corinth, rendering gallant
services with Colonel Cushman at its head, and vvas con
stantly in the field until it reached Memphis, and was there
encaraped. Here after a short period he was obliged to
resign on account of ill health and the pressure of his
neglected business, and relumed to Ottawa. In 1865 he
disposed of his banking interest in Ottawa and established a
new banking house in Chicago, under Ihe name of Cushman,
Hardin & Brother, in which he continued until 1872. He
was one of the original Trustees of the township of Ottawa,
and one of the School Commissioners of La Salle county.
He was one of the three contractors who built the O. O. &

266

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

F. R. V. Railroad, and one of the contractors who con
structed the Chicago & Paducah Railroad, of which road he
is now the Treasurer. He is also Treasurer and one of the
principal owners of the Ottawa Gas Company, and one of
the owners of the Illinois Starch Factoiy at Ottawa. He
has a vety large and valuable estate in La Salle county, one
of his farms comprising over fourteen hundred acres. He
is a Director of the First National Bank of Georgetown,
Colorado, of vvhich his son William H. Cushman is Presi
dent. He has two large warehouses, and does a very heavy
business as a dealer in grain. He is largely concerned in a
lumber yard in Ottawa, and a partner in the firm of Cush
man, Calkins & Co., which transacts an extensive and
profitable lumber business in Manistee, Michigan. Their
mills, stores, bams, and warehouses were destroyed in the
great forest fire which occurred in Michigan simultaneously
with the conflagration vvhich devastated Chicago in 1871;
but these^ have all since been rebuilt and are now in full
operation. The very many and veiy large enterprises
which Colonel Cushman has engaged in, and the uniform
success which he has achieved in all branches of trade,
show him to be not merely a man of untiring energy, but
the fortunate possessor of a varied and practical business
talent such as characterizes few men of the present day.
His financial and industrial interests are of iraraense propor
tions, involving the use of great capital and the supervision
of keen intelligence. The versatility of his knowledge, the
pliability of his capacity, which fils him for Ihe successful
achievement of alraost any enterprise in which he chooses
to erabark, is sufficiently apparent from this brief recital of
his varied mercantile and manufacturing interests. These
have given him great prorainence in Illinois, and have won
for him a high reputation. He has done no ordinary work
in the development of the resources of that State and in
advancing its commercial prosperity. All public iraprove
raenls projected for the same purpose have met with his in
dorsement and his aid, which is the most jiractical evidence
of his support. He is a man of culture and of the raost
attractive social qualities. He is a generous giver to all
needful institutions of merit, and sheds the benefits of his
great fortune beyond the circle of his own home. His
great public labors, his vast and varied private enterprises,
and his many excellent qualities as a simple citizen, have
secured for him the enduring estiraation and resjiect of the
people of his Slate.

ERCER, FREDERICK WENTWORTH, Physi
cian, was born at St. John, New Brunswick, May
31st, 1838, and is a descendant of the first Euro
pean settlers of this country, his ancestors having
been honored residents of South Carolina as eariy
as 1762. Having received an acaderaic educa
tion he was fitted by a jirivate tutor for the study of raedi
cine, and after pursuing regular courses at the Plarvard

Medical School, Boston, and the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York, graduated in medicine and surgery at
the latter institution, wilh the class of 1861-62. Directiy
thereafter he presented himself to the Medical Examining
Board of the State of Massachusetts, passing with honor.
Pie served with regiments from that State during the whole
of the war of the rebellion, distinguished as chief medical
officer of brigade and as an operator upon the field hospital
staff of the Second Coqis. At the close of the war he re
ceived a vote of thanks by the Legislature of the Coraraon
wealth of Massachusetts for gallant service. Removing lo
the West, he entered the employ of the State of IlUnois as
Resident Surgeon and Superintendent of the Soldiers' Horae
Hospital, and after four years' service resigned the position
and was appointed one of the Trustees. Septeraber, 1873,
he was appointed Senior Assistant Physician to the lUinois
Southern Hospital for the Insane.

ECKWITH, CORYDON, Lawyer, was bora in
Vennont in 1823. His education was received in
Providence, Rhode Island, and in Brentham,
Ma.ssachusetts. Pie studied law in St. Albans,
Vemiont, and was admitted to the bar of that
place in 1844. Two years subsequently he was
admitted to the bar in Maryland. In 1S47 he coramenced
practice in St. Albans, and remained there until 1853. He
then removed to Chicago, where he still resides, engaged in
the practice of his profession. During the adrainistration
of Govemor Yates he received an ajijiointnient to a position
on the Suprerae Bench for a limited terra. His .jirofessional
standing is of the highest. He is generally conceded to be
one of the very strongest lawyers at the bar, and as an opjio-
nent is known as one of the most dangerous lawyers in the
West. He has very profound leaming, is master of all the
intricate mechanism of Ihe law, knows human nature, is
tremendously industrious, and has at ready command all the
manifold resources of his profession. As an advocate he is,
perhajis, inferior to many others ; but in this direction his
strength does not lie. He is pre-eminently an originator
and a manager. His "planning" faculty is very largely
developed. He originates campaigns and directs their
conduct, and so masterly is he in these specialties that his
time is fully occupied with the work of this description that
is crowded upon him, so that he has no tirae to bestow
upon the details of raere execution, leaving Ihem to others ;
although on occasion he has proved Ihat he also has execu
tive ability equal to the best. He is constantly consulted in
cases of all kinds, and devises the jilaiis of action on which
they are to be conducted, and indicates Ihe operations
through which Ihey are to succeed. In many a case he is
the hidden force which moves the entire machinery which
seems to Ihe observer to be moved by those who appear
publicly in the matter. In reality these move only as he

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

267

moves them. He is strong, massive, and full of force, but
the characteristic quality of his composition is, perhajis,
secretiveness. Pie is a manager, a diplomat. When the
occasion requires he can appear as ingenuously frank as a
boy, but it is a frankness that is wholly under control, and
extends just so far as it suits his secret purpose to have it
extend, and no farther. Those who know him best, in
their own estimation, are astonished some day to discover
that they do not know him at all. He prefers indirect and
unexpected modes of attack, and in that lies much of the
secret of his great success. Withal he is a brilUant iiir.n,
and whatever he has to present to court and jury is sure to
be presented in a novel and dramatic manner. As a legal
manager he has no superior and but few rivals. Pie has the
reputation of being to some extent a legislative lobbyist ; but
that is not his true or most successful sphere. Altogether
he is one of the most remarkable lawyers in the country.
In fact, he is lawyer and diplomat combined. Defeat
does not baffle hira ; eraergency does not unbalance him.
He brings to his work secret influences, remote agencies,
and a coraplication of forces that it is alraost irapossible to
corabat. Cases in which there are no precedents, and in
which he originates or discovers Ihe necessary legal jirinci
ples, are the cases in which he excels. Withal he is a man
of generous impulses and generous actions, and his kind
ness to young lawyers is a matter of frequent and grateful
remerabrance. In social life he is eminently agreeable, and
he is greatly liked by those who are intimate with him.
His vast knowledge of men gives hira an exhaustless fund
of interesting inforraation which cannot but be a rich ele
ment in social intercourse. In personal apjiearance he
shows strength rather than refinement. Intellect and
energy are suggested in all his features. He is of veiy
substantial physique, with a large, well-balanced head.

fcALLISTER, PION. WILLIAM K., Judge of the
Supreme Court, vvas bora on a farm in Salem,
Washington county. New York, in 1820. He
remained on his father's fann until he was about
eighteen years of age, when he left it to enter
college. Ill health prevented his corapleting
his course here, and he was corapelled to leave Ihe
institution without graduating. Some tirae was then
given up to hunting, fishing, and general out-door life for
the purpose of restoring his broken health. This was con
tinued until he was twenty-one years of age, when he com
menced the studyof the law in the office cf a lawyer named
Henry, in Wayne county. Plis sludies were concluded in
Yates county, and at their completion he removed lo Albion.
There he remained for ten years in Ihe steady practice of
his Jirofession. During this period he was brought in con
tact wilh the best legal minds in the Slate of New York,
and this intercourse afforded him a discijiline and an experi

ence which must have been invaluable to him. He re
raoved in 1854 to Chicago, and there he has since remained
induslriously practising his profession until the time of his
promotion to the Supreme Bench of the State. In 1866 he
was candidate for Judge of the Superior Court against John
A. Jameson, and was ddealed. In 1868 he ran forjudge
of the Recorder's Court, and was elected by an overwhelm
ing vote. In 1870 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme
Court, which position he now occupies. There is no lawyer
at the Chicago bar who stands higher in his profession than
he. He possesses great industry, a minute and comprehen
sive knowledge of the lavv, and a high degree of logical
ability. The best qualities of an attorney and an advocate
he combines in himself. He can prepare his own brief
wilh a perfection that exhibits not the slightest flaw, and
can try his case with a masterly abilily that almost insures
success. In fact, his failures in Ihe trying of cases have
been very rare indeed ; and while he was on the Recorder's
Bench his decisions, with one exception, when taken to the
Supreme Court, came back sustained. He possesses a clear,
logical, sincere, common-sense eloquence which has proved
more successful wdlh juries than all the tricks of pretentious
rhetoric. Of his character the two controlling eleraents are
unswerving integrity and kindly humanity. In his practice
that side of a case alone vvhich he believed to be the right
side was the one lo which his services were given. He
worked from conscientious convictions always, and this fact
was so well known and so distinctly recognized that the
mere knowledge of his idenlification with a cause gave in the
minds of jurors and spectators a certain weight to the side
he represented. His deep conviction that his was the right
side coraraunicated itself to all others in a greater or less
degree. The same qualities that marked his professional
career are invaluable in his performance of the judicial
duties. His personal character is without reproach. So
high is it that it has shielded him frora the attacks of even
political partisanship. He rarely goes into general society,
but his social instincts are strong, and of the corapany of
personal friends he is exceedingly fond. He is intensely
domestic, and in the deUghts of hom- he finds his'highest
happiness. His personal ajipearance is attractive. He is
of medium height ; his figure is well proportioned; his fore
head is massive ; his moulh is sraall and sensitive ; his eyes
blue, large, and lustrous, and his face, smoothly shaven,
is fine and kindly in all its expressions.

EMENT, COLONEL JOPIN, Capitalist, was
born, April 26th, 1804, at GaUatin, the county
seat of Suraner county, Tennessee; his jiarents
having been David .and Dorcas (WiUis) Deraenl.
In 1817, when a lad of thirteen years, he re
raoved wilh his father to Franklin county, IiU
and pursued agricultural labors upon his father's

268

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

farm. When he attained his m.ajority, the confidence of
the people in his integrity and abilily vvas attested by his
election (in 1826) to the office of Sheriff. Plis duties
were not only those of a Sheriff, but Ihat of a Collector
and Treasurer of ])ublic funds. In 1828 .he was elected
to represent Franklin county in the Illinois Legislalure,
and by a re-eleclion served four years consecutively in thai
Jiosition. By three successive elections by the General
Assembly, he served six years as Treasurer of the State,
and most acceptably fulfiUed his duties to the jieojile of the
entire State. During his incumbency he wound up the
affairs of the old Stale Bank. Having made Vandalia, then
the State capital, in Fayette counly, the place of his resi
dence, he was elected to represent that county in the Stale
Legislalure during the terra of 1836-37, and resigned the
Slate Treasurership for this purpose, and turning over his
books and accounts to the Finance Coraraittee of the
General Asserably, which were audited and found correct.
In 1837 he was appointed Receiver of the Land Office at
Galena, which was, in 1S40, removed to Dixon, Illinois, by
President Jackson, and held Ihe position through Van
Buren's term. He was reraoved by President Harrison, and
reinstated by President Polk ; was again removed by Presi
dent Taylor, and again reinstated by President Pierce, and
held the position until the decline in business resulted in
the removal of the records to Springfield under Buchanan's
administration. His rejiutation gained in the execulion of
the duties as an executive of the LaiVd Office was Ihat of
an able financier, and an incorruptible man. In 1844 he
was elected Presidential Elector for James K. Polk against
the lale Hon. Martin P. Sweet for Henry Clay. WhUe
acting as Stale Treasurer he made three campaigns in the
Black Hawdi war, once as Captain of a corapany, once as
Major, and finaUy as special aid to Governor Reynolds,
with the rank of Colonel. He vvas a meraber of three
State Constitutional Conventions, first in Ihat of 1847-4S,
next in that of 1862, and finally in Ihat of 1868, and bears
the singular honor of having been in all the conventions
called to revise the Conslilution of Illinois, since the forma
tion of the Slate Government in 1818. He served in each
with distinguished usefulness and lasting credit. In Ihat
cf 1847-48 he was Chairraan of the Coraraittee on Legis
lation. In the convention of 1862 he again held this ira
portant chairmanship, and in the last convention, as Chair
man of Ihe Coraraittee on Right of Suffrage, he pioneered
that piece of statesmanship which provided ihal if the " Fif
teenlh Amendment" to the Federal constitution should be
ratified and adopted in accordance with the prescrijilive rule
of Ihat constitution, the new constitution of Illinois should
be made to conforra to it by striking out the descriptive and
invidious word "while" as the legal jirefix lo the phrase
" male citizens." This was Ihe new departure advocated
by hira .as one of Ihe leading Democrats in the Illinois Con
stitutional Convention of 1868. He has been four terms
elecled Mayor of Dixon, and was twice noniinaled and

elected when absent from home. From 1826 to the present
lime he has filled many positions of public confidence with
in the gift of the people of the State, and the administra
tion of the State and Pederal Governmenls, and has built
up a reputation for unimpeachable integrity and for rare in
telligence and ability which very-few raen can flatter them
selves in jiossessing. He is now in his seventy-second
year and is slill full of life and activily, alvvays exhibiting
the same interest in the social and material prosperity of
the community in which he resides that has invariably
characterized him. Pie has araassed a large fortune, and
shares its ample income not only with his faraily but with
society, to whose charitable institutions he contributes liber
ally. In 1835 he was raarried to Maria Louisa Dodge,
daughter of Governor Dodge, of Wisconsin. His. eldest
son, Henry Dodge Dement, is a member ofthe State Legis
lature and a prominent business man who enjoys the esteera
of the public.

ERRELL, ANSELL ALPIiONZO, Merchant and
Manufacturer, was born in Exeter, Otsego
county. New York, October igih, 1831. His
parents vvere Lyman Terrell and Sarepta (Cone)
Terrell. Pie vvas the recijiient of a common
school education. On the corapletion of his
allolted course of studies, he entered, as clerk, in a dry-
goods store at New Berlin, Chenango county, New York.
In 1S48 he was apprenticed to learn the cotton clolh
raanufacturing business, the raaking of print goods, calicoes,
etc., and continued at this until 1854. In this year he
went to Northarapton, Massachusetts, and was engaged by
Ihe Bay Slate Tool Corapany, manufacturers of hoes and
edged tools, as Superintendent of the finishing department
of their works. In that capacity he acted until 1856, when
he went West to Grand Detour, Illinois, and entered a
dry-goods slore as clerk, continuing thus occupied until
lS5g. He then removed to Sterling, and established
himself in business in a partnership connection wdlh H. G.
Harper, firm of Terrell & Harper, in the grocery trade,
adding afterward dry goods, notions, etc. His time and
energies were thus eraployed until 1869, at which date he
disposed of his entire interest in the business lo his
associate. In 1862 he had been appointed by the govern
raent. Collector of Internal Revenue, and officiated in that
capacity until 1870, when he resigned, and became en
gaged in Ihe organizalion of the Sterling School Furniture
Company, wdiich in the course of the year was put into
working order, he being appointed Treasurer and General
Manager, with William L. Patterson as President. He
has been a member of the Board of Supervisors, and of
the City Council, and from 1S63 lo 1866 Was a School
Director. The Sterling School Furniture Company is the
raost extensive manufacturer of school furniture in the
world. The production is about 30,000 school seats per

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

269

annum, whUe the trade in miscellaneous furniture is cor
respondingly large, the value thereof being about ^150,000.
Half a milUon feet of lumber is annuaUy consumed — ash,
walnut and cherry — and 350 tons of iron. The Company's
productions are distributed throughout every Slate in Ihe
Union, and its trade, prosperous from the beginning, has
now assumed enormous proportions. He is one of the most
prorainent and influential citizens of Sterling, and is re
spected and esteemed as a man of thorough business cajiacily,
enterprise, and of unswerving rectitude in all his relations,
mercantile and social.

' LARKSON, JOSEPH P., Lawyer, was born, in
1828, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, a place since
made faraous by the meraorable battles in July,
1863. He entered Pennsylvania College in that
place at a very early age, and graduated wilh
high honors in the year 1844, being then but six
teen years old. He becarae a tutor, and afterwards As
sistant Professor of Latin in St. Jaraes CoUege, Washington
county, Maryland, an institution under the control of the
Episcopal Church, and remained there until 1851. During
this period he studied law at Hagerstown, in the same State,
where in 185 1 he was admitted to the Maiyland bar. In
October of this year he removed to Chicago, where he has
since resided, was admitted to the Illinois bar, and vvas ad-
milted lo a partnership with Buckner S. Morris, one of the
oldest lawyers of the Slate. .Shortly after they associated
with thera Robert Hervey, also a well-known practitioner
in Chicago, and the firra thus constituted reraained in exist
ence until the election of Mr. Morris to the bench of the
Circuit Court. Hervey & Clarkson continued business until
1856, when the firra was dissolved, and the latter wilh Lam
bert Tree, now Judge Tree of the Circuit Court, formed a
partnership which continued until 1865. Subsequently Mr.
Clarkson associated with C. Van Schaack, and the firm of
Clarkson & Van Schaack still exists, wilh a patronage and a
reputation which few other law firms enjoy. Their client
age has been a large, influential and lucrative one, and their
gener.al practice has been unusually successful. In 1873
Mr. Clarkson received the nomination for the Judgeship of
the Superior Court of Cook County, Illinois, and was warmly
supported by all the English press of the city, and though
it was generally admitted that his character and ability vvas
of the highest order, the ticket upon which he was naraed
was defeated and he shared its raisfortune. He is a brother
of Bishop Clarkson of the Episcopal Diocese of Nebraska,
who is his senior by two years, and vvho was his school
mate and class-mate throughout his collegiate course. They
graduated together. Their father, who died in 1871 at the
advanced age of seventy-one years, was the son of a clergy
man ofthe Church of England. He established hiraselfin
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and raised a large fariiily, whose
name and connections are well known throughout that State.

Mr. Clarkson has a countenance indicative of great intel
ligence and energy. He has a high reputation as a jurist.
He prepares his cases wilh extreme fidelity to the interesls
of his cUents, regardless of the labor involved or time con
suraed, and when on trial conducts them carefully and
thoroughly. His address is remarkably effective when
speaking to a jury, but his chief exceUence appears in his
arguments delivered to the bench. All his forensic efforts
are not only eloquent and rhetorical, but they evince a pro
found knowledge of the law and its subtleties, and the
action of a thoroughly logical mind. He has achieved dis
tinction in carrying to a successful end dramatic and trade
mark copyright cases, and is the only lawyer in Chicago
who has an extensive jiraclice in Ihis line. His business is
not narrowed down to any one or a few of the raany branches
of the legal profession. In all he is largely engaged, and
has secured a merited repuLation for his varied gifts, his
scholastic culture, and his earnestness in jroseculing the
issues he is retained to press to a conclusion. In his pro
fessional and private life he has the respect and the cordial
supporl of the coraniunity in which he resides.

ERRYMAN, JAMES LAFAYETTE, M. D.,
A. M., was born in Claiborne county. East
Tennessee, April nth, 1831. His ancestors
were prorainent in the early colonial days of this
country; one was secretary to Lord Baltimore,
and another secretary of the Colonial Asserably
of Virginia ; still another participated notably in the early
Indian wars. His grandfather fought under General Wayne
in the struggle for independence. Both branches of the
faraily are of English extraction, and their residence in
North America dates back over two hundred years. His
father was Charies Madison Ferryman ; his raother, Louisa
I. (Cullensvvorlh) Ferryman, was the daughter of a well-
known officer who was actively engaged in the Revolution
ary war. He was educated at the McKendree College,
Lebanon, Illinois, and at the termination of his course of
studies took the degree of A. M. Upon relinquishing his
preparatoiy student life he began the study of medicine
under the instructions of Drs. W. W. and I. Roman, of
BellevUle, and attended the Universities of Sl. Louis and
of the State of Missouri, graduating finally from both of
those institutions. He afterward attended lectures al the ¦
Jefferson CoUege, Philadelphia, and the CoUege of Physi
cians and Surgeons at New York city. He then entered
at once upon the active practice of his profession at Belle
ville, St. Clair county, Illinois, in 1853. He devotes his
time and attention chiefly to surgery, and for many years
past has performed nearly all the surgical operations in
this locality. He has always been a Deraocrat, bul pays
little attention, hovvever, to political affairs and raovements.
During the civil war he gave his attendance to all soldiers

270brought to Belleville. He has been Secretaiy to the St.
Clair Medical Association, and is an honored raeraber of
the Soulhern Illinois Medical Association. He has been
lately engaged in land speculations, in which he has mel
with great success. He was manied in 1857 to Virginia
A. Eradsby, a former resident of Lebanon, Illinois, whose
father. Judge Richard Bradsby, was araong the first settlers
of the State of Illinois.

'RAWFORD, HON. JOSEPH, Surveyor and
Banker, was born. May iglh, 181 1, in Columbia
county, Pennsylvania, his parents being John and
Catherine (Cassidy) Crawford. At the age of
eleven years he removed vvith the family to Hunt
ington, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. He was
educated in the comraon schools of that section, and after
wards by continued study and constant self-application
raade such thorough progress that in 1831 he coraraenced
teaching, and vvas employed as a teacher for four years. In
the meantime he applied himself to the study and acquire
ment of the theory and practice of surveying, and on the
4lh of April, 1835, he started for the "far V\'esl," wdiich at
that lirae was considered an extremely adventurous under
taking. In due tirae he reached Illinois, passing through
Chicago and Dixon lo Galen.a, and finaUy returned to Dix
on's Ferry, and located on a farra in the valley of Rock
river, between Dixon and Grand Detour, in May, 1835.
In addition to his farraing, he iraraediately coraraenced
business as a surveyor, and has actively followed it up lo
the present time. He has been very successful in this civil
profession, which required not only the nicest precision and
skill but also a large share of physical stamina, ability and
endurance. His employment in making surveys and loca
tions for individuals and corporations, and officially for the
government, has been varied and important, he having
made the original surveys for all the towns and villages on
Rock river between Rockford and Rock Island. In 1836
he was appointed Deputy County Surveyor for all the north
western part of Illinois, especially for the location of roads
and the laying out of village plats. In the same year he
was elected County Surveyor of Ogle County, which then
included Whitesides and Lee also, which latter county was
organized and set off frora Ogle in i83g ; and in 1841 he
was elected and served as one of the three County Cora
missioners of the new counly. He was elecled County Sur
veyor of Lee Counly at the lirae of its organization, and
acted in Ihat capacity for sorae eighteen years. He was
twice elecled to the Legislalure of Illinois, representing
wilh distinction the counties of Lee and Whitesides during
the sessions of 1P.49, 1850, 1853 and 1854. On the i6lh
day of Septeraber, 1852, he raarried Mrs. Pluldah (Bow
man) Culver, and has since resided in Ihe town and eity of
Dixon. In connection wilh his profession as surveyor, he
was for many years engaged as a land agent and dealer in

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

real estate, principally farming lands, and operated exten
sively for himself and others in the location, purchase, sale
and settlement of lands in northern Illinois and throughout
Iowa, and this has given him great prominence in that sec
tion, where he is widely known as a raan of enterprise, of
unusual business sagacity, and of exact and unimpeachable
honesty and integrity. His surveys, made al an early day,
are so remarkable for their accuracy that they are accepted
as indisputable and the acknowledged standard in their
locality. He was one of the jirincipal promoters of the Lee
County National Bank, which was organized in 1865, and
became its President, which responsible position he still
holds. Pie was elected Mayor of the city of Dixon in 1873
and 1874, and again in 1875, just forty years after his first
settlement at " Dixon's Ferry," which then consisted of
only a log-cabin and a flatboat, and he still retains the con
fidence and resjiecl of the people among whora he has so
long lived and labored. Pie early appreciated the advan
tages and Ihe jiossibiUlies of developraent of the fertile
jirairies of Illinois and Iowa, and to his sound judgnient
and foresight, and his timely aid and encourageraent, many
prosperous men of that region owe the foundation of their
success and fortune.

fHETLAIN, AUGUSTUS L., General United
Stales Army and United .States Consul, was born
in Sl. Louis, Missouri, December 26tli, 1824, of
Franco-Swiss parentage. His parenls two years
previous to his birth had emigrated from Neuf-
chatel, Switzerland, the place of their nativity, to
St. Louis. In 1826 his falher moved to Ihe lead mines, in
the vicinity of what is now the city of Galena, Illinois, and
engaged in mining and smelling lead ore, following at the
same time, to some extent, agricullural jiursuits. He re
ceived a liberal education frora his parents, aud rewarded
their generosity by a close attention to his studies, in which
he soon became proficient. In 1850 he engaged in mer
cantile business in Galena, and was prosperous in all his
mercantile enterprises. He sold out in 1859 and went to
Europe, where he remained one year. Upon his return he
entered actively into the exciting campaign of i860, as an
earnest and eloquent supporter of Mr. Lincoln for the
Presidency. He was a ready debater, wdth the rare abilily
of jiresenling the grave issues involved in that canvass in a
clear and intelligent manner, and he did much to .secure
Ihe election of Mr. Lincoln. He was tendered by the latter
the appointment as Consul to Leipsic, bul the breaking cut
of the war induced him lo decline this honor and enlist as
a soldier. ITe aided in raising a comjiany, being elected
its Captain, and vvhen the 12th Illinois Infantry was organ
ized he vvas coramissioned by Governor Yates as ils Lieu
tenant-Colonel. In Sejitember, 1861, he was placed by
General C. F. Smith in command of Smithland, Kentucky,
where he was stationed until January, 1862, when he re-

¦ BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

271

joined his regiment, and accompanied it wilh General
Smith in the carapaign of the Tennessee river. He led
the I2lh at Fort Donelson, and that regiraent held the ex
treme right ofthe line. It acquitted itself with great valor,
and sustained a heavy loss in dead ar.d wounded in that
battle. For gallantry displayed in this action Lieutenant-
Colonel Chetlain was proraoted to the Colonelcy of the
regiment, and commanded it at Shiloh, where it was in the
very thickest of the fight, and lost about one-fourth its num
ber in killed and wounded, including several officers. At
Corinth his comraand made a brilliant assault upon a much
Larger force of the eneray, and received very honorable
mention from its brigade commander, General Oglesby.
Colonel Chetlain was placed in charge of Corinth, and re
mained there until May, 1863, and upon being relieved was
complimented by General G. M. Dodge in general orders
for his faithfulness and efficiency. While there he assisted
actively in raising the first regiraent of colored troops or
ganized in the West, north of New Orleans. This was
afterwards known as the 55lh Regiraent United States
Colored Troops. He was early convinced that the black
men could fighl, and of necessity must fight before the Re
bellion was crushed. In December, 1863, he received his
well-earned promotion to the position of Brigadier-General,
and, at the suggestion of General Grant, the War Depart
ment placed him in charge of the movement for the organ
ization of colored volunleers in Tennessee. In 1864 his
labors in the fulfilment of this responsible duly extended
over the State of Kentucky, and in January, 1865, he had
under his command 17,000 colored troops. Of this force
one brigade did heroic fighting at NashviUe, and put to flight
the doubts of many Ihat the blacks had the capacity for a
martial career. For his efficiency in this service Brigadier-
General Chetlain received the rank of Major-General by
brevet. General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant-General of
the United Slates Army, in the summer of 1865, when
making his general report to the War Department, speaks
of General Chetlain as follows : " Brigadier-General Chet
lain reported to me, and I assigned him as Superintendent
of Recruiting Service in West Tennessee, and afterward in
the entire State. He proved a most valuable officer, for I
found htm to possess both intelligence and zeal, with a rare
qualification for the organization of troops. He never failed
in any duty he vvas assigned, eilher as Superintendent or as
an Inspector, to which latter duly I assigned him, and I am
gratified that he was subsequentiy rewarded by a Brevet
Major-General." From January to October, 1865, General
Chetiain commanded the post and defences of Memphis.
Frora October, 1865,10 February, 1866, he coramanded the
District of Talladega, Alabama, and closed here an honor
able and highly meritorious service under the national flag.
In the spring of 1867 he received Ihe appointraent of As
sessor of Intern.al Revenue for the District of Utah, wdlh
head-quarters at Salt Lake City. After filling this office for
two years he was appointed by President Grant as United

States Consul to Brussels, Belgium, repairing thither in
May, 1869. He remained in Brussels three years, and then
resigned Ihe consulate. Returning home, he took up his
residence in Chicago. In Ihe auluran of 1872 the " Horae
National Bank " of Chicago was organized, and commenced
business wdth General Chetlain as ils President. His career
has been ^ remarkably varied and honorable one. His
soldierly qualities, his abilily as a brilliant tactician, his
valor in action, his exceUence as a disciplinarian and an
adrainislralor, could not fail lo achieve for him a high dis
tinction in the profession of .arms. He is a gentleraan of fine
culture, and of the most pleasing address. He is not alone
a leading raUitary raan, but a leading civilian, who gives
no inconsiderable jiart of his attention to those matters
which most intimately concern the material and moral in
terests of the community.

ORRIS, RALPH S., Mining Operator, Farmer,
Cattle Breeder, etc., was born in Harford county,
Maryland, Februaiy i6th, 1817. His father,
Edward . Norris, was a farmer ; his mother was
Rebecca (Lee) Norris. His education was ac
quired at Ihe common schools in the neighbor
hood of his home, and at the terraination of his allolted
course of studies he secured erajiloyraent as a clerk in a
country store at Harapslead, Baltiraore counly, Maryland.
In 1834 he reraoved to Baltiraore, and was similarly occu
jiied in a wholesale groceiy store. In 1837 he left the latter
city, and settling in Galena, Illinois, entered the Galena
Branch of the Slate Bank of Illinois as bookkeeper. In
1838 he reUnquished his position in that institution, and en
gaged as bookkeeper in the slore of G. W. Fuller. In 1840
he established himself on his own account in the mining
and smelling business — which forraed the chief occupation
of the majority of the early settlers in Galena and the lead-
mine district — .and in this business slill retains an interest.
In 1846 he was appointed one of a Board of Arbitration to
hear and determine clairas in a part of the lead-raining
district, where many conflicting claims had grown up,
owing to the lands having been withheld from market and
leased by the government for mining purposes, thus con
flicting wilh the agricultural interests, and assuming a
threatening altitude in the approaching land sale in April,
1847. In 1854 he purchased a farm, and since then has
continued his farming and agricultural operations. In 1862
he was elected to the Counly Treasuryship, and slill offi
ciates in this capacity. Prior to that time he was also an
Alderraan from 1846 to 1852. He is a Director in the
Galena & Southern Wisconsin Railroad, known as the
narrow-gauge road, and was interested in the forraation of
the " Merchants' National Bank of Galena." In 1864 he
became Cashier of the " Bank of Galena," and during his
retention of the treasuryship perfornied the duties of the
County Treasuryship through his son, William E. Norris,

272

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

who died in the array during the civil war. At the present
time he is also Secretary and Treasurer of the Galena Turn
pike Corapany, and is an extensive breeder of short-horn
slock at his Walnut Ridge slock farra. He was married in
1843 to Phoebe S. Wood, a resident of Galena.

EAMING, JEREMIAH, Lawyer, was bora, Jan
uary 20th, 1831, in Dennisville, Cape May county,
Nevv Jersey. His falher was Jereraiah Learaing,
a merchant of Cape May county. He fitted him
self for a collegiate career at the High Schools,
at West Chester, Pennsylvania, Mount Holly and
Bordentown, New Jersey, passing through all the grades in
their respective courses, and securing a broad and Uberal
acaderaic training before entering college, which very few
have altai'hed. In 1850 he entered the sophomore class of
Princeton College, and, taking the full course, graduated
wilh honor wdth the class of 1853. Having eariy shown
an inclination for the profession of the law, he now com-
inence'I its earnest study, reading with Garret S. Cannon,
of Bordentown, New Jersey, with whom he remained until
his admission to the bar in June, 1856. In August of that
year he was raarried to Miss Scovel, daughter of Rev. Al
den Scovel, of Bordentown, and during the ensuing fall
removed to Blooraington, Illinois, where he commenced
the practice of his profession, and continued it alone until
1867, when he changed his residence to Chicago, where he
forraed a law partnership wilh Colonel R. S. Thorapson,
present raeraber of the lUinoi; State Senate from Hyde
Parke District, the firm-name being Leaming & Thompson.
Their practice is a very large and lucrative one, covering
cases in all the Slate and Federal courts, and is constantly
increasing. Mr. Leaming is ii prominent member of Ihe
Bar Association of Chicago, and lakes high rank in Ihe pro
fession as a man of scholarly attainments, legal ability and
uncompromising integrity.

PII* ONES, SAMUEL J., A. M., M. D., was born in
Ji| Bainbridge, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania,
ilJ March 22d, 1836. His falher. Dr. Robert H.
Jones, vvas a graduate of the Univer.sity of Penn
sylvania, Philadelphia, practised raany years vvith
.skill and success, and died in 1863. His raother,
whose maiden name was Sarah M. Ekel, came from Leb
anon, Pennsylvania. In 1853 he entered Dickinson Col
lege, at Cariisle, Pennsylvania, and graduated from it with
distinguished honors in 1857. He soon commenced the
study of raedicine, and in 1858 became a matriculant in
the Medical Department of Ihe University of Pennsylvania,
taking his degree of M. I), from that institution in i860.
In Ihe sarae year he entered Ihe Uniled States Navy as As
sistant Surgeon ; was attached to the Uniled Slates steamer

Minnesota, the flag-ship of the Atiantic Squadron, upon
vvhich he reraained for two years, when he was proraoted
lo the grade of Surgeon. He continued in the naval ser
vice of the country until 1868, when he resigned. During
the same year he was chosen as a delegate from the Ameri
can Medical Association to the European Medical Associa
tion, which held meetings at Oxford, HeideUierg and
Dresden (in connection wilh Dr. Samuel D. Gross, and
Dr. Goodman, of Philadelphia, and Dr. Barker, of New
York). Upon his return from Europe he located in Chicago
and commenced practice. In 1870 he became Professor of
Ophthalmology and Otology in the Chicago Medical Col
lege, and still holds this chair. He is also connected with
Mercy Ho.spital, St. Luke's Plospital, and the Illinois Char
itable Eye and Ear Infirmary. For the past five years he
has confined his practice exclusively to diseases of the eye
and of Ihe ear, and his rare skill, both in his medical and
s.ui'gical treatment of cases, has won him not only celebrity
as an oculist and aurisi, but has secured to him a veiy ex
tensive and lucrative practice. He has closely applied him
self to the development of knowledge pertaining to his special
department of the profession, and is an authority generally
accepted in questions concerning ophthalmology and otology.

ARNER, EDWARD BATES, Merchant, ex-
Mayor of Morrison, Illinois, w.as born in Sl.
Louis, Missouri, May 26lh, 1826. His parenls
were Jabez Warner and Elizabeth (Conner)
Warner. He was the recipient of a coraraon
school education. In 1838 he removed wilh his
family to Prophetstown , Whitesides county, Illinois, and,
his father being a farmer, was until he had attained his
twenty-sixth year irregularly occupied in farming and agri
cultural pursuits, and also in operations in land and ira-
jirovecl real estate. Upon leaving school he entered a
slore as clerk, and was employed in that capacity during-i
the ensuing five years, prosecuting in Ihe interim the study
of surveying, which science he also practised in a limited
degree. In 1851 he estabUshed himself in business on his
own account in Prophetstown, and continued in il until
1857, when he was elected County Treasurer of Whitesides
County, and in consequence removed lo Morrison. To that
office he was continuously re-elected six times, serving with
fidelity .and ability until 1869. In 1847 he was elecled a
member of the Board of Education, and still officiates in
th.at capacity. In 1872 he was elected a meraber of the
Stale Board of Equalization, for equalizing Slate asses.s-
raenls, and assessing railroads for taxation, and Ihis posi
tion also is slill retained by hira. From 1873 '•" '875 he
was M.ayor of Morrison. In the course of Ihe laller year
he engaged in the grain commission business in Chicago,
and has since prosecuted that venture with energy and suc
cess. Pie is one of the leading spirits of Morrison, and is

J52J--5. r^m

¦'""¦-Vrt.^^ CaJ-htUi'i"

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

273

an active and valuable member of the community amid
which he resides, an esteemed and honored citizen. In ail
moveraents relating to the welfare ofhis adojited State and
county he is a vigorous and an efficient mover and coad
jutor; while all measures and enlerjirises having for their
end the advancement of their interesls have his warm and
liberal support. Pie was married in 1852 to Elizabeth C.
Bryant, formeriy a resident of Jefferson county, Missouri.

^ALL, THOMAS, Physician, was bora at Murcell
Park, Derbyshire, England, on the I2lh day of
March, 1805. Plis ancestors, on the mother's
side, were Cockaynes, who carae over wilh the
Conqueror from Normandy. On his father's side
his ancestry is not so clearly traceable. When
eight years of age he commenced going lo school at HuUand,
and continued there until he was ten years old. For the
next two years he attended Ihe Weston Grammar School.
Then he went to Brailsford School for two years longer;
and frora the tirae he was fourteen until he was sixteen
years old he went to school at Quardon. All these schools
are in Derby, and at the two last Greek, Latin and French,
with the higher branches of raatheraatics, were the chief
studies. Immediately after leaving school in Derbyshire
he commenced the study of niedicine and surgery at Wol
verhampton, Staffoi'd.shire, and finished his apjirenliceship
in 1826, when he was twenty-one years of age. On the
expiration of his apprenticeship he entered as a pupil of
Guy's Hospital. This renowne'd inslilulion was then in
ils full glory. Cooper, Key and Morgan occupied the chair
of surgery. Bright in the chair of niedicine, and Addison
in the chair of materia medica. Under tiie instruction of
such men as these he studied and worked until he grad
uated in 1828; and we may be sure that, wilh the natural
powers and the faculty for hard work which the young man
possessed, and such teaching as these men gave, when he
left the instilulion he left it master of his profession. In
cidental proof of this is the fact that he is entitled lo write
not only " M. D." but " M. R. C. S. and L. A. C, London,"
after his name. After graduating he coraraenced practice
in HuUand, October 8th, 1828. He soon established a
good and lucrative practice there. On the I4lh of May,
1829, he married Malilda Manifold, of Derby, and con
tinued lo reside in HuUand in the practice ofhis profession
until March 31st, 1837. In 1837 he left England for
America, and on the 8th of July of the same year estab
lished himself as a resident in what is now Stark county,
Illinois. He was the first Coroner the county had, and has
held the office Iwo terms, and was for a lime First Sur
geon ofthe Board of Enrolment forthe Fifth Congressional
District of Illinois. This position he resigned, because, as
he said, " il corapelled him lo witness acts al which his
heart and soul revolted." He was also Examining Surgeon
35

for Pensions in Stark Counly, which position he held for
eleven years, resigning it last year. Plis services in this
capscity were so acceptably perfornied thai he was highly
eorapliraenled by the Pension Commissioner for the care,
fidelity and abilily wilh which he had performed his duties.
Pie has no political record, a fact for which he expresses
himself devoutly thankful, plis chief asjiiration seems to
have been lo do his duly, and this he has done faithfully
and well. Esjiecially has he striven to give relief to the
sick poor, and of these many will bear him in grateful re
membrance so long as memory has jiower.

e.J^ DEMENTS, HON. ISAAC, Lawyer, was born in
Franklin county, Indiana, March 31SI, 1837.
Plis parents were residents of Maryland, and,
moving to Indiana at a very early date, were
numbered among the jiioneers and settlers of
that Stale. His grandfather vvas an active jiar
ticipant in Ihe war of the Revolution, and his falher was a
soldier in the war of 1812. His education was acquired at
the Asbury University, Greencastle, Indiana, and he grad
uated second in his class from that inslilulion in 1859. The
current expenses attendant on his collegiate course he met
by employing his leisure time in teaching school. While
thus doubly occupied he resolved to embrace the legal pro
fession, and accordingly began also the study of law under
the preceptorship of Judge John A. Malson. At the termi
nation of his sojourn in the University, so diligenlly and
profitably had he ajiplied his attention lo Ihe acquisition of
legal knowledge, he was admitled to the bar. He then
during the ensuing six months continued his avocation as
teacher, and with the money acquired in this manner pur
chased law and text books. In the summer of i860 he
commenced the active practice of his profession al Carbon-
dale, where he has since, with a few exceptions, perma
nently resided. In this jilace he was professionally and suc
cessfuUy engaged until the breaking out of the Southern
Rebellion, when he entered the United States service as
.Second Lieutenant of the gth Illinois Infantry. With that
body he served efficientiy and valiantly until August, 1864;
parlicijialed actively in various engageraents; vvas three
tinies wounded and twice proraoted before he was mustered
out as Captain. Upon returning frora Ihe field he resumed
the practice of his profession, and, as before, was soon the
possessor of an extensive business. In 1867 he was ap
pointed Register in Bankruptcy, acting in that capacity
until 1872, when he was elected to Congress from Ihe
Eighteenth District of Illinois. That office he filled wdth
energy and marked ability until the expiration of his term,
March 4th, L875, securing universal esteera by Ihe vigorous
and fruilful exercise of his talents, his uprightness and his
statesmanlike moderation. In the fall of 1874 he was re-
norain.aled as a candidate for Ihe same position, and though

274.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

failing to secure a re-election, led Ihe Stale ticket by about
one thousand votes. Warmly interested in all that relates
to the welfare and progress, social and political, of his
adopted Slate and counly, he has, while acting in both a
privale and a public capacity, beeu effectively instrumental
in contributing to their propulsion. Alike as a legal prac
titioner and a legislator he has evinced the possession of
notable talents, and kept his record pure and unblemished.
He was raarried, in November, 1864, to Josephine V. Nutt,
daughter of Rev. Cyrus Nutt, D. D., LL.D., President of
the Indiana Stale University from i860 to 1875, a well-
known clergyman, scholar and educator.

ALKER, CYRUS, Lawyer, was born in Rock
bridge county, Virginia, May 6lh, 1791. His
ancestry on the jiaternal side came to Anierica
froth Scotland in the seventeenth century, and
cast in their lot wilh the earlier pioneers and
colonists of Penn.sylvania. On Ihe raaternal side
his forefathers, leaving their native country, Wales, at about
the same period, settled also in the same colony in Chester
county. From the latter place his grandfathers on bolh
sides of the family removed subsequently, during the
eighteenth century, to the region Ihen called the Valley of
Virginia, making their respective homes in Augusta and
Rockbridge counties. His falher, Alexander Walker, vvas
married in Staunton, Virginia, early in the year 1790 to
Mary M. H.amon, and seltied in Rockbridgi county, where
their first child, Cyras Walker, was born. Frcmi that lo
cality they removed in 1793 lo Kenlucky, locating them
selves in WoodiHird county, where they remained until
1 797 i when a fresh removal placed thera in Adair county.
Here were passed his earlier years, and here also he secured
such an elemenlaiy education as was attainable in Ihe
schools of Ihat lirae and place. Under the preceptorship of
Jaraes Rapier, of Colurabia, he acquired sorae knowledge
of Latin, and afterward under the instruction of Sjimuel
Brent, of Greensburg, Kentucky, entered upon a course of
legal studies, supporting hiraself in the raeantirae hy leach
ing .school and assisting his father in Ihe many labors and
occupations attendant on farraing operations. At the com
pletion ofhis probationary terra, he was licensed in 1813 to
practise law in the courts of Kenlucky. He then repaired
to Columbia, where he established himself as a legal prac
titioner, and soon secured an extensive and lucrative client
age, his practice embracing not only Columbia counly bul
also a wdde area in the adjoining sections of the Slate. In
1833 he reraoved lo McDonough county, Illinois, vvhere he
has since perraanentiy resided, continuing Ihe practice of
law until l85g, when, owing to advanced age and the in
firmities inseparable from it, he retired frora active business
life to pass in privacy and tranquil repose his remaining yerrs.
He vvas twice successively elecled a meraber of tho Legis

lature of Kentucky, bul the precise date of his entry into pub
lic life — between 1820 and 1830 — as a legislator is not now
positively known. In 1835 he was living on his farra, sit
uated on Camp creek, about seven miles south of Macomb,
Illinois, and, as Hon. T. Lyle Dickey states, " was then for'iy-
three years old, and in his prime, physically and menially."
He vvas a valued and prominent member and elder of the
Presbyterian Church of that section, and acted zealously
and efficiently as a promoter of the cause of temperance ;
he was also an ardent supporter of every olher class of in
stitutions and movements which promised lo develop a
higher standard in morals and thought amid the coraraunity
vvhich loved and esteeraed him as an honorable and useful
citizen. Allhough, in general, residing on his farm, he be
came engaged later in an extensive legal practice, attending,
in addition to the neighboring courts, the courts in Spring
field and Jacksonville, occasionally also the courls in Iowa.
His fame as a talented and skilful lawyer was widely spread
throughout the States of Iowa and Illinois, and as a nisi
prius lawyer he was, confessedly, equalled by but few, ex
ceUed by none. Wilh a mind well stored with the element
ary philosophy of the common law ; a judgment matured
by long and varied practice and experience; endowed with
a quick, keen and coraprehensive power of perception in re
gard to men and character ; possessing a fine address, courtly
manners, and clear and forcible diction, he vvas ever raaster
of the sitUialion in court, whatever might be the character of
the point, question or issue under consideraiion. His most
notable and peculiar gifts and characteristics were exhibited
in their strongest guise only when called into action by ihe
most forraidable and apparently most inflexible opposition ;
at sueh tiraes his abilities and resources seemed lo grew at
his bidding, and adapt themselves wilh surprising celerity
and effectiveness to the pressing needs of the hour. Onoiie
occasion, in Lewislown, Fulton counly, he was defending
a client against whom the tide of public feeling ran very
high; his adversaries in the case were Hon. O. H. Brown
ing and Hon. C. D. Baker, bolh men recognized as skilful
and talented practitioners. During the opening argument
of the first named associate Ihe all-pervading general senti
ment was repeatedly manifested by frequent and prolonged
ajiplause from the audience, exhibitions called forth by the
assertions and denunciations of Hon. O. II. Browning, and
vvhich were suppressed with difficulty by the court. Upon
rising lo address the jury his first utterances vvere greeted
wdlh hissings from all parts of the house, coupled wilh other
strong and unmistakable evidences of bitter ill will and dis
approbation. For an inst.ant he was silent; then, fired by
the unjust revilings and tumult of ihe ojiposition, turned
upon Ihe hooting crowd, and during the ensuing hour " de
livered the most terrible rebuke lo the people for its unbe
coming conduct in a court of justice" ever heard in ihe
Stale. In the earlier part of Ihis memorable discourse the
hisses were frequently repealed, bul in the end the most
boisterous slunk back, and all seemed to become ashaii.etj

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

275

of their ill-advised and unwarrantable deporlment. He
conquered, sweeping all before hira wilh a resistless flow of
eloquence, irony mingling wilh earnest denunci.alion, sar
casm with rebuke. He then, amid profound silence, took
up the subject of ihe suit, and long before the close of his
argument occasional murmurs of applause rose from the
environing listeners. So powerful was this address that
Hon. C. D. Baker, who followed hira in his closing argu
ment, was unable to rouse the sympathies of the audience
or jury, and, in fact, labored under such a disadvantage, in
being obliged to combat his fiery antagonist, whose fullest
powers had been called into play, that his efforts on the
occasion fell far short of the abilily wdiich he usually por
trayed. By reason of an unfortunate disagreeraent between
hira and Judge Douglas while he vvas on tbe bench, he
subsequently abandoned his jiractice in Illinois, and, wdlhout
changing his residence, built uji an extensive business in
the courts of the eastern section of Iowa, which he main
tained wilh honor and eclat until his final retirement from
the bar. Plis properties as an orator were remarkably versa
tile, his reasoning was alvvays close and cogent, and his
illustrations were abundant and happy ; he vvas the possessor
also of overwhelraing powers of ridicule, and in the gravest
momenis, while retaining intact his Une of argument, conld
weave into his stirring sentences a weft of pathetic huraor
that evoked at once a sraile and u. tear. At the present
time, secluded from the turmoil of professional life, and
bowed by the weaknesses of old age, he is Ihe owner of
the love and veneration of a large circle of friends and
acquaintances, and to the younger members of the bar his
past achievements are looked upon with adrairation, and
cited as briUiant models and exaraples.

ENGER, ELIAS, M.D,, was born near Mount
Crawford, Rockinghara counly, Virginia, April
i6th, 1821. He is a son of Abraham and Maty
Wenger, natives of Virginia, but of Gerraan origin.
In 1832 he removed wilh his jiarents to Long
Meadows, Augusta county, Virginia" where he
acquired a coraraon English education in the schools of that
county. In 1840 he coraraenced teaching school and con
tinued in that business until 1843, when he was married lo
Eliza J. Smith, of Roanoke county, Virginia, after vvhich
he removed to Washington, Tazewell county, Illinois, where
he tried farming for two years. Not being able to prosecute
that business successfully he engaged in the drug business
and study of medicine under the direction of Dr. G. P.
Wood, and graduated at Rush Metiical College, in Chicago,
in 1855, and has been engaged in ihe practice of his pro
fession to the present time, having acquired some reputation
as a surgeon. During his residence in Washington he
served as Justice of the Peace for many years, having been
elected to that office three times. In 1862 he was elecled

to the Slate Legislalure on the Democratic ticket. Being
a jieace raan he beUeved the war to be wrong, and that the
difficulties between the two sections could have been
amicably seltied wiihout the shedding of blood had it not
been for ambitious aspirants for power on both sides. In
1865 he reraoved to Gilman, in Iroquois county, Illinois,
vvhich was then a very sraall place, containing but few in
habitants, mostly employes of the railroad companies.
The surrounding country was a vast open prairie, wilh but
few inhabitants for raany railes. He improved the first
farms adjoining the town, and erected a number of the best
buildings in the place, and through his energy induced
raany people to settle in the town and surrounding countiy,
and thus reclaim a wild and almost valueless marsh. It
novv ranks wilh the best lands in the counly, supporting a
thriving and populous town.

AY, JOHN B., Lawyer, was born on the 8lh of
January, 1834, in Belleville, Illinois, which has
ever since been his place of residence. His
falher, Andrew Play, was also a native Illinoisan,
and was born in Sl. Clair counly. Andrew's
father, John Hay, came from Canada, his father
bc.ing Governor of Lower Canada. So it will be seen that
John B. Hay conies of a lineage quite ancient for Ihis
young -country. His raother was born in Kaskaskia, Illi
nois. His education was obtained at the common school
in BelleviUe, and on a farm. Until the age of sixteen he
workefl on a farra, attending school at intervals, and raaking
the most of his lime in bolh places. Afterwards he became
a jirinter, working at that business for Ihree years; part of
the time on the Belleville Advocate, and part of the tirae on
the St. Louis Republican. Then for a short time he taught
school in St. Clair county, and then began the study of law
in the office of Judge Niles. In 1851 he was licensed as
an attorney, and thenceforward devoted his tirae and atten
tion to his profession. In the fall of i860 he was elected
Slate's Attorney for Ihe Twenty-fourth Judicial District for
a term of eight years. In Seplember, 18S3, he. entered the
army as Adjutant of the 130th Regiment Illinois Volunteers,
and was raustered out at the end of one year's service. At
the expiration of his railitary terra he resuraed the practice
ofhis profession, and in the fall of 1868 vvas etected by the
Republicans to Congress frora the Twelfth Congressional
District. Pie vvas re-elected to Congress in the fall of 1870,
and served until March, 1873. Pie was again nominated
for election to the Forty-third Congress, but was defeated
by the affiliation of the Liberal Republicans with the
DemQcrals. At the expiralion of his second Congressional
term he again resumed his professional practice, and this
now occupies his lime and abilities. In Congress he took
an active part in the debates on the revenue tariff reform,
and on land reform. He vvas opposed to our high pro-

276

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

tective tariff, and to land grants to railroads — to grants of
all kinds, in fact. He was an active debater on all ques
tions involving the interests of the people, and strongly ad
vocated the principle that all Governraent officers, such as
postniastei's, raarshals, etc., should be elected by the people,
to hold Ihe office during good behavior. His expenence as
a printer has been alluded to. In 1850 th.it experience was
supplemented by a term of editorial service, when he acted
as editor of the. St. Clair Tribune, and this experience, no
doubt, by the peculiar Iraining and discipline it afforded,
influenced and moulded his future career in no sniall de
gree. He was married in October, 1857, to Maria Hinckley,
of BelleviUe.

NDERWOOD, WILLIAM H., Lawyer, vvas born
on the 2ist of February, 1818, at Schoharie
Court House, New York, and in his boyhood laid
the foundation, in a good common school educa
tion, for the busy and honorable manhood that
vvas to follow. After he had done with the com
mon schools he look an acaderaical course of three years at
the Schoharie Acaderay and Hudson River Serainary, and
thai finished his school experience. He had raade good
use of his time and opportunities, hovvever, and tiie cora
raon school and academy counted far more with him than
does a full college course with many a young man. He
read law at Schoharie Court House, finishing his course of
reading on Ihe 4lh of June, 1840, and iramediately there
after removed to Belleville, Illinois, where he has ever
since resided. Alraost frora the first of his residence here
he met with raarked success. In February, 1841, he vvas
elected State's Attorney for the circuit then including St.
Clair counly, u position vvhich he filled so acceptably that
he was re-elected to it in January, 1843. I" 1844 he was
elected a raeraber of Ihe lower House of the Illinois Legis
lalure from -St. Clair. Honors came to him fast and
frecjuently, and in September, 1848, he vvas elected Circuit
Judge for six and a half years, which position he filled to
the end of his terra. The duties of this office he vvas jieculi-
arly filled to perform, and his service on the bench was one
of the utmost abilily and honor, his decisions testifying in
the strongest raanner to his uprightness ancl ability. In
1856 he was elected to the Slate Senate for a terra of four
years, and on the expiration of his term he was again
returned to the Senate. In i86g he vvas a delegate from
St. Clair to the convention to araend the State Conslilution,
and in 1870 he vvas again elected a State Senator from Sl.
Clair and Madison counties. He found tirae in Ihe raidst
of all these nuraerous and varied official labors for olher
labors vvhich in themselves niight vvell be considered
enough lo occujiy the time and strength of a raan, without
the jiressure of official duties in addition; and in 1873 he
conipleled a work on vvhich he had been long engaged —
" Underwood's Conslrued and Annotated Statutes of Illi

nois " — a vvork very highly valued by the legal profession.
The brief intervals when he has not been fulfilling official
duties in one capacity or another have been devoted to the
practice of his profession — a practice which he has raade
largely successful. He vvas married on the 21st of Decem
ber, 1841, and his vvife still lives to share ber husband's
honors and labors. Eleven children have blessed the
union, but of these five only are novv living.

ENDERSON THOMAS J., Lawyer, was born in
Brownsville, .Tennessee, November 2gth, 1824,
being. the son of William H. Henderson, a promi
nent citizen. His early years were sjient in the
coraraon schools and academy ofhis native town,
and by diligence, aiding a naturally bright talent,
he soon acquired a substantial education. When twelve
years of age he removed with his father's family to Putnam,
subsequently Stark county, Illinois, and worked at home,
on Iheir farm, until he attained his raajority, wdth the excep
tion of about one year al different tiraes, during which he
tauirht school. His falher becarae 1 prorainent citizen of
that section, and took a leading position, not only in politics,
but in moveraents for the advantage of the general jiublic.
He served two terras in the State Legislature, and at one
time was the Whig candidate for Lieutenant-Governor.
When twenty-one years of age Thomas J. went wilh his
father's faraily to Iowa, and entered the Iowa University,
at Iowa City, where he studied for six raonths, and then
returned to his old home in Illinois, where he assuraed a
clerkship in a store, and taught school for a year and a half
In 1847 he vvas elected Clerk of the County Commissioner's
Court, and in i84g vvas re-elected, but then as Clerk of the
Counly Court of Stark county, the office having been
changed, and served in the cajiacily of Clerk of these courts
for six years, fulfilling his duties vvith satisfaction to Ihe
public. He had comraenced the study of law during Ihis
incurabency, and in 1852 was adrailted to practice. In the
following year he ojiened an office in Toulon, Stark county, .
and entered upon the duties of his profession. He was
raarried in 1849 lo Miss Henrietta Butler, of Wyoraing,
Stark counly. He became a representative raan in his
section, and in 1854 was elected to the lower House of Ihe
Slate Legislature; and in 1856 to the Stale Senate. He
served vvith such men as N. B. Judd, B. C. Cook, W. C.
Goudy, and olher distinguished men, being himself at that
time the junior member of the Senate. In 1862 he tempor
arily abandoned his praclice to enter the Union army, and
on the 22d day of September of that year was mustered
into service .as Colonel of the 1 12th Illinois Infantry Volun
leers, wilh vvhich he remained until the close of the war.
lie served conspicuously in the campaigns of Georgia and
Tennessee in 1864, and for gallant and meritorious services
in those campaigns, and especiaUy at the battle of Franklin,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

277

Tennessee, was in February, 1865, promoted, by brevet, to
the rank of Brigadier-General. He was severely wounded
at the bailie of Resaca, Georgia, May I4lh, 1864, bul
returned to the field as soon as he was able to do so. Ujion
his return to the field, in the July foUowing, the 3d Brigade,
3d Diviaion, 23d Army Corps, was organized and placed
under his command, and so continued until the end of the
war. Ujion his return home at the close of the war he
resumed the practice of his profession at Toulon, where he
continued it until March, 1867, when he removed to Prince
ton, lUinois (Bureau county), where he forraed a law part
nership wdlh Joseph I. Taylor, which continued until 1871,
when he was appointed by President Grant United States
CoUector of Internal Revenue for the Fifth Collection
District of Illinois. He held that office for two years, and
during that time collected nearly nine millions of dollars
for the government. In 1873 he entered inlo parlnership
wilh Harvey M. Trimble, and now practises his profession
at Princeton, Illinois. He has won a leading position in
the profession as a learned and brilliant advocate and able
counseUor. In 1868 he was elected one ofthe Presidential
electors for the Slate of Illinois al large; and in Novem
ber, 1874, he was elecled as member of the Forty-fourth
Congress for the Sixth District of Illinois for a terra of two
years. He is a gentleman of fine culture and elevated
tastes, forcible in argument and winning as a rhetorician.
He is very popular in his section, not alone for his public
spirit and rank as a barrister, but for his many high social
qualities as well. His personal acquaintance is very
extensive, and the number of his warm personal friends
very great.

ENSER, SAMUEL PL, Professor of Latin and
History in McKendree College, was born on Ihe
20th of December, 1835, in St. Clair counly,
Illinois. His father was the Rev. William L.
Denser, of the Soulhern Illinois Conference.
After receiving a good home and coraraon school
education he entered McKendree CoUege, at Lebanon,
Illinois, where he went through the collegiate course vvith
honor, and graduated in 1854. During the fall and winter
of the year in which he left college he taught school, and
the next year, 1855, he returned to McKendree College as
Classical Tutor. He held this position until 1858. In that
year he was made Adjunct Professor of Languages, and
worked in the coUege in that cajiacity until 1862. In that
year he vvas elecled Professor of Latin in the institution.
In August, 1862, he forsook the peaceful paths of collegiate
instruction and went wdiere so many thousands of his coun
trymen went about that tirae — into the array. He enlisted
in the Ii71h Regiraent Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was
soon made Adjutant ofthe regiraent. In Ihe year 1864 he
was appoinled Acting A.ssistanf Adjutant-General of the
3d Brigade, 3d Division, i6lh Army Corps, under the cotn-

mand of Major-General A. J. Smith. Pie look part in aU
ihe battles and skirmishes of the Meridian Expedition,
under General Sherman ; was at the storming and capture
of Fort De Russey, and at Pleasant HiU, on the gth of
Ajiril, 1864, and all the subsequent skirmishes and bailies
of the expedition ; as well as at the battle of Lake Chicote,
Arkansas, and 'lupelo, Mississippi. In November, 1864,
he was mustered out of the military service, .receiving an
honorable discharge, on account of sickness. He relumed
horae, and in 1865 he was again appointed Professor of
Latin and History in McKendree Colle.ge, which position
he continues lo hold. In addition to his duties in this
capacity he discharges those of Fiscal Agent ofthe college,
and Historian of the Alumni Associalion. He was married
in January, i85g, to Mary Ashley, of Lebanon.

'ARWELL, WILLIAM W., Judge of Cook County
Circuit Court, and son of John Farwell, an old time
innkeeper and farmer, was born in Morrisville,
Madison county. New York, January 5lh, 1817.
He passed Ihrough ihe usual preliminary educa
tion in comraon school, privale school, and
acaderay, and entered Hamilton College, al Clinton, New
York, where he graduated, after a full course, in 1837. He
next taught various academies for a year and a half For
a short period, in i83g-, he was engaged in the engineering
department of the Black River Canal. He then returned
to Morrisville and studied law wilh O. B. Granger, the
County Surrogate Judge, then with J. R. Lawrence, of
Syracuse, and afterwards with Poller & Spaulding, of
Buffalo, where he remained until 1841. He was then ad
mitted to Ihe bar of New York, and opened practice in
Morrisville, which he continued until 1848. He Ihen went
lo Chicago and began praclice with Calvin De Wolf In
the spring of the next year, at the lime of the gold excite
raent, Mr. Farwell went overland lo California, for his
heallh; Ihe journey occujiying five raonlhs. The next
summer he returned by the Isthmus to his old home; and
here, at Morrisville, he sjieedily regained Ihe heallh he has
sought in vain by travel. He therefore concluded lo remain
there .and resurae the praclice of his jirofession. February
I2lh, 1851, he was married lo Maiy E. Granger, daughter
of the judge with whom he al first studied. He remained
there until December, 1854, when he returned to Chicago,
and practised law with Grant Goodrich and George Scoville.
In 1856 Mr. Scoville withdrew, and Sidney Smith replaced
hira as a member of the firra, which copailnership con
tinued until 1870. He was then elecled Judge of Cook
Counly Circuit Court, and after Iwo years service was re-
elecled for a term of six years. As a lawyer he stood well
before the bar, his attention being more particularly directed
to chancery cases. In the discharge of his present judicial
functions he has the general respect and esteem of the

278

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

coraraunity, as one who means to do what is right, and
tries to do well whatever he has lo do. Pie has long been
connected wilh Ihe First Congregational Church of the
city, and is a man of high integrity. Pie vvas among the
first to advocate Abolitionism in his native section, and
has been a steady friend of that cause. His family con
sists of himself, wife, and two sons, one just entering Yale
College.

ALDWIN, WILLIAM A., Merchant and Real
Estate Operator, was born, January 20lh, 1808,
in Columbia county. New York, being the fourth
of a family of eleven children. His father was
a farraer; and during his early years he assisted
hira in the labor incident to carrying en quite a '
limited estate, attending the district schools in the winter
seasons and at olher intervals during the year. When
fifteen he engaged wilh Harry Backus, of the same county,
to learn the wool-carding, fulling, and cloth dressing busi
ness, and reniained with Ihis gentleman three years ; and
subsequently worked for a time as a journeyraan at this
business, during those periods when carding and fulling
was done. On attaining his raajority he rented a mill and
carried on the same business on his sole account for two
years. At this lime the raanufacture of cotton and wooUen
goods experienced a revolution in its processes, by the
introduction of raodern appliances and improvements,
which lessened manual labor vvhile it improved the quality
of the products. Large estiablishnienls, fully equipped by
all Ihese inventions, were erected; and farmers, instead
of having their own raw material worked up for their own
use, sold it to these manufactories and purchased from
them what they required. Mr. Baldwin anticipated these
changes, and with excellent foresight sold out his estab
lishraent, after he had profitably run it for Iwo years, and
embarked in a mercantile career. He set out in the
general country store trade in Columbia counly, and in a
short tirae formed a copartnership, but at the expiration
of three years he was forced lo the conclusion that his
choice of a business associate had been unfortunate, and
sold out his interest. He Ihen removed to Oxford,
Chenango counly. New York, where he opened a slore in
Ihe same line of business. Here, in October, 1835, he
was married lo Lucy G. Williams, of Oxford. In
consequence of a close competition in this trade in Ihal
village, he determined to seek a wider sphere, and in the
spring of 1836 he shipped his stock of goods, together
wilh aiddilional jiurchases, in New York city, lo Chicago.
In this enterprise he encountered a misfortune which
vvould have discouraged men of less energy and persever
ance. His goods, vvhile en route, vvere rendered nearly
valueless from contact with .water while in Ihe hands of
different transportation companies. What was equally
unfortunate the responsibility could not be fixed upon any

of Ihe latler, and Mr. Baldwin was compelled to sustain
his heavy loss wdlhout redress of any kind. To recuperate,
he changed his purpose of doing business in Chicago,
wdiich was then bul a mere village, and shipped his goods
to La SaUe, Illinois, where he opened a store, becoming
at the same time interested in a contract on the Illinois &
Michigan Canal, then in the course of construction by the
State of Illinois. He remained at La Salle three years,
losing during this period his wife and child. After fulfil
ling his contract, he disposed of his stock of goods and re
moved to Ottawa, Illinois, vvhere he also completed a short
contract on the same canal.. In the fall of 1839 he re
moved to Lockport, Illinois, and purchased a half interest
in the contract for building the basin and half a mile of
the Illinois & Michigan Canal al that point. Here he
worked for nearly four raonlhs, when the depression which
existed in all branches of trade and coraraeree beg.an to
seriously affect the financial resources of the State, and the
monthly estimates due the contractors on the public works
could no longer be raet. Mr. Baldwin and his partner,
instead of yielding to the pressure as others in like circura
slances had done, bravely kept on with their vvork, paying
their employes and Iheir current expenses from their ovvn
private means, relying upon an early resumption of pay
ments by the Stale. Eut they vvere disajipoinled. They
slruggled on for one year, anxious that this grand public
improvement should be rendered practical by comjiletion,
bul vvere compelled then to cease, having exhausted their
funds, and having faded to secure any money from the Slnle
government, which was indebted to them nearly ^50,000.
Of this amount Ihey received only $3000, wdiich vvas paid
to them in i860. Mr. Baldwin reraained sorae time at
Lockport after this financial disaster, endeavoring to close
up Ihe business in Ihe most satisfactory manner. In 1844
he returned to Chicago, which had, during his absence,
grown inlo Ihe proportions of a. flourishing city of 10,000
inhabitants, and entered Ihe general store business wilh
John B. Parsons as his partner. Comparatively large as
Chicago was then, she had not outgrown the old country
store system in which one establishment sold, not simply
groceries, but a general assortment of dry goods, hardware,
etc. In 1S47 he withdrew from this enterprise, which did
not fully meet his exjieclations, and lurned his attention lo
operations in real estate. In 1852 he entered inlo partner
ship with E. R. Bay, in the wholesale drug trade, at No.
139 Lake street, the firm-narae being Bay & Baldwdn, the
laller contributing to tiie capilal ^7000 in money and
S 10,000 in real eslate. For seven years Ihis business was
continued, Mr. Baldwin meanwhile jiurchasing and selling
real estate. In i860 Mr. B.ay's health failed, and they sold
a half interest in the establishment to Thoraas Lord, who
becarae the general manager of the firm, Messrs. Bay and
Baldwin being " special partners. "' Before the expiration
of the limited jiarlnership, they sold their uniled interests
10 Mr. Smith. Since this time Mr. Baldwdn has retired,.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

279

so far as il is possible for a man qf his wealth to retire,
frora the active cares of business. Since his first residence
in Chicago, that place has grown from a mere village by
the side of the lake, lo be one of the most important of
our inter-conlinenual cities. He has .shared in its varying
fortunes, and has participated in ils great afflictions ; bul
lives lo see it, after its terrible purification by the fire of
1S71, grow up daily in raore stately grandeur than ever it
did before. He is a man of cultivated tastes, and passes
no inconsiderable part of his time in a large and choicely
filled library. His original collection, erabracing very
many rare and invaluable works, was destroyed by the
great fire. He has always taken a deep interest in Ihe
intellectual development of the community in which he
resides, and has given his lime, attention and means lo Ihe
conservation of Ihe best popular systems of education. He
is warm in his friendships, genial in all his relations,
whether business or social, and is Uberal from impulse,
giving generously to whatever appeals to his symjiathy.
PoUtically, he was originally a Henry Clay Whig, bul
became a member of the Republican party upon its forma
tion in Illinois. He has taken lillie interest in politics
since the successful anti-slavery campaigns, and is with
out party affiliations or prejudices. He does not belong
to any religious sect, though a strong believer and great
contributor lo building and supporting all evangelical
churches. He passes his days in Ihe enjoyment of the
ample fortune which is the reward of his many years of
arduous labor, and shares its benefits with his friends.
He stands irreproachable in public estimation, and is an
honored citizen of Chicago.

energy and efficiency. He subsequentiy interested himself
in land speculations, and in buying and selling real estate,
continuing thus employed for a period of six or seven years.
In 1856, in conjunction vvith other capitalists, he secured a
charter for the building of the Rock Island and Peoria Rail
road, now known as the Peoria and Rock Island Railroad.
Of Ihat road he was a prominent and valued Director for six
years. He then, again in co-operation with others, pur
chased the coal lands known as Coal Valley, and constructed
the Coal Valley Railroad, designed as a means of transjior-
tation for the coal from this place to Rock Island, and Ihence
to olher allotted points. In 1862 the property of that road,
built almost entirely for Ihe furtherance and raore profitable
development ofthe coal traffic, was sold to P. L. Cable, who
has since been ils owner and controller. In 1870, after dis
solving his connections vvith railroad enterprises, he vvas
elected Counly Judge, a position vvhich he still retains, per
forming ils attendant functions vvith zeal and efficiency.
Enterprise and entire capability to bring to successful end
ings all affairs undertaken have characterized his career,
and while widely respected for his business tact, he is es
teemed also for his unswerving rectitude and many admir
able acquirements as a lawyer. He was married in 1847 to
Annetta Holmes, daughter of Hon. George Holmes, State
Senator and Judge of Vermont, favorably known as a skil
ful practitioner and expounder of the law, and also as a
useful citizen and statesraan.

I^UYER, .SAMUEL S., Lawyer and Judge, was born
in Lewdstown, Pennsylvania, Deceraber 26th, 1814.
His parents vvere Sarauel Guyer and Elizabeth
(Levy) Guyer. His early years were passed dur
ing the suniiiier season in laboring on a farm, and
during the winter months in attending the daily
sessions of a neighboring school. In 1834, being then but
twenty years of age, he was successful in his efforts to obtain
a contract for constructing the northern branch of the Sus
quehanna canal. In June, i83g, he removed to Peoria, Illi
nois, and there associated himself in parlnership vvith his
brother, the proprietor of a general store in Brimfield. He
engaged also in the produce business, loading boats with
jiroduce .and taking them annually to Natchez, where he dis
posed ofhis cargoes. In December, 1841, deciding to em
brace Ihe legal profession, he entered upon Ihe study of law
al Peoria, and at the termination of his course of studies was
admitted to the bar, in 1843. In 1844 he removed to Rock
Island, and was Ihere professionally and successfuUy occu
pied during the ensuing two and a half years. He was then
elected Sheriff, and served one term of four years with noted

AN METER, SAMUEL, M. D., was born in
Greyson county, Kenlucky, in 1824. His
parenls vvere John Van Meter and Catherine
(KeUer) Van Meter, bolh Kenluckians. Left
fatherless when but three years of age, he moved,
with his mother, from the old homestead to Illi
nois, settling eventujiUy in Kickapoo, Peoria county,
situated at a distance of about eight miles from Charleston.
His prelirainary education was such as was obtainable in
the primitive log school houses of the time and place.
While in his sevenleenlh year he became a pupil of Dr.
T. B. Trower, of Charleston, Coles county, Illinois.
Previous lo his connection with this practitioner, however,
he had been apprenticed to learn the trade of tanner. Pie
remained under the guidance and instructions of his
medical preceptor for a period of eight years, pursuing his
sludies with diligence and profit, and fitting himself
thoroughly for the praclice of that profession in which he
has since attained such enviable celebrity. Owing to a
lack of lime, he was unable to attend any course or courses
at a raedical college, but, ultimately, more than indemni
fied hiraself for this by close and continnous application
to his studies, and the constant and fruitful exercise of an
unusually acute power of raent.al conception and digestion.
On the completion of his- course of probationary research.

2So

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

he entered upon Ihe active practice of his profession on his
own account, and rapidly became possessed of an exten
sive round of business. Making a special study of diseases
of the throat and lungs in connection wilh the affections
and diseases of women, he has acquired, in this department
of raedical treatraent, a reputation second to none in the
Slate. Within a circuit of fifteen hundred miles he has a
large and iraportant practice, his patients coraing to him
from all parts of the West, frora North Carolina, Virginia,
Tennessee, and various other sections in the South and
Southeast. In 1857 he established the Charleston In
firmary, an institution of great and recognized value and
usefulness, of which he is slill the conductor. In this
infirmary he treats, annually, thousands of patients from
all parls of Ihe environing counlry, thus performing a
work whose results, direct and indirect, entitie him to the
highest praise as a benefactor of his land and species.
He proposes to estalilish branches of a sirailar kind in
North Carolina or Tennessee, and also, probably, in New
York. He attributes his notable success in the treatraent
of the many cases, aggravated or peculiar, not to any
patent medicinal application, but sinjply and purely to the
well-considered use of the accepted scientific remedies as
promulgated in the materia medica. A close and perse
vering student from boyhood to the present time, he has,
through an experience of the most varied description, and
a wise selection of apjiropriale studies, been enabled to
assume a leading position among the raore prorainent
raerabers of the raedical fraternity. He was raarried, in
1843, to Fannie Hutchinson, formerly a resident of Greens
burg, Greene counly, Kentucky, and the issue of that
union has been three children.

;NOTT, CHRISTOPHER W., M. D., was born
in Susquehanna counly, Pennsylvania, July i8th,
1821. His parents were Sylvanus Knott and
Martha (Kelly) Knott, both of Massaehtisetls.
His falher's demise occurring when Christopher
was in his fifth year, he was sent to Ohio to live
with his relatives. While residing there he acquired the
rudiraents of an eleraentary education, and availed hiraself
to the greatest extent possible, of the limited advantages
offered by the country schools of that day. Subsequentiy
he moved to Illinois, resolved lo depend upon his own
unaided exertions for a livelihood, and, locating himself in
J iliet, now a thriving and prosperous town, secured em
ployment as a school teacher. In the meantime, deciding
to embrace the medical profession, he zealously pursued
the requisite sludies, and devoted every available raoment
to reading niedicine. In i84g he matriculated at the Rush
Medical College, of Chicago, and, graduating in the
spring of 1852, at once coramenced the active praclice of
his profession in the neighborhood of Joliet and Ottawa.

He remained there, however, for but a limited space of
time, afterward moving to a F'rench settlement situated
along Ihe banks of the Kankakee river, about two railes
below the town of Kankakee, and known as Bourbonais
Grove. Here he resided about eight years, possessing an
extensive and reraunerative practice, and winning the
esteera and affection of the surrounding country. Upon
leaving Bourbonais Grove, he established hiraself in Kan
kakee, where he has since perraanentiy resided. For the
past three or four years, owing lo his prominent and active
identification wilh the railroad interests of the vicinity, he
has been unable to devote much time to the praclice of his
profession. In 1872 he superintended and ordered the
construction of the Kankakee & Indiana Railroad, eleven
miles in length, running from Kankakee to St. Ann's, and
at that point, connecting with the road to Lafayette,
Indiana; of this road he was appointed President, and
while acting in that capacity evinced Ihe possession of un
erring discriminative powers and praiseworthy adrainistra
tive abilities. He now fills Ihe office of President of the
Illinois West Extension Railroad, of which he is at present
prosecuting the construction. This needed road is to ex
tend from Kankakee to Mendota, in La Salle county,
Illinois, and will have a total length of about eighty-five
miles. To the vigorous enterprise of Dr. Knott this road
owes its existence; twenty-five railes of it are already
corapleted, and the completion of the reraaining .sixty railes
is but a question of time. He vvas married, March 22d,
1847, to. AUay Scott, from New York, whose demise
occurred in 1854.
kJANKIN, HON. JAMES, Meraber of the lUinois
'j I^egislalure, was born in Indiana county, Penn
sylvania, September gth, 1817. His father was
of Irish birth ; his mother, a native of Pennsyl
vania, was of German extraction. His educa
tion w^as acquired at Blairsville, Indiana county,
Pennsylvania. Upon relinquishing school Ufe he removed
to Illinois, settling in Carlyle, Clinton counly, where he
becarae engaged in the tanner's and currier's trade, at
which he worked constantly during the ensuing fifteen
years, priraarily as u journeyman, ultimately as proprietor
and conductor of a business established and operated on
his own account. During the latter portion of his time, he
acted also, for a period of three or four years, as constable
of his section. He was subsequently elecled a Justice of
the Peace, and served ably in that capacity, and also as
Police Magistrate for twenty-two years. Al the expiration
of the fifth year after his first removal to Carlyle, he fixed
upon Lebanon as his permanent place of residence, and
has since continued to make that place his horae. Previous
lo the outbreak of the Rebellion, he was engaged in farra
ing and agricullural pursuits. In 1874 he received the
Deriiocratic nomination fbr the Legislature, and in the fall

<^^W SLixyp^c^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

281

of the same year was elected a member of that body. At
an eariy day his sentiments and principles inclined hira to
ward the Deraocratic party, and he has brought to its sup
port during many years, some of prosperity, others of ill-
fortune, abilities of no mean order. He has officiated as
Town Trustee, and for thirteen years was ex-officio Presi
dent of Ihe Board of Trustees. Also during several years
he served with fidelity and zeal as a Director of the School
Board of his town. Energetic and public-spirued, he has
worked efficiently in the fostering of his fellow-townsmen's
dearest interests, and throughout his whole career, bolh in
public and in privale life, has been noted for his many ad
mirable qualities both of mind and heart. He was raarried,
J,anuary gth, 1841, to Elizabeth J. Phelps, of Norlhville,
Pennsylvania, vvho died Deceraber i6lh, 1844. He vvas
again married, May 6th, 1847, to Mrs. EUzabeth Hull, of
Lebanon, Illinois. ,

^EERE, JOHN, Plough Manufacturer, was born in
Rutland, Vermont, February 7lh, 1804. His
parents vvere William Rynald Deere, an English-
raan, who emigrated from his native counlry to
Canada, vvhere he lived for several years in Mon
treal; and Sarah (Yates) Deere, also a native of
England. He was the recipient of a common school edu
cation, acquired at Middlebury, Verraont. In 1820, when
sixteen years of age, he hired himself to a blacksmith in
the last nanied town, and in a short time made hiraself
master of his trade. He worked in this shop continuously
for five years, and at the expiralion of that time, having at
tained his majority, decided to establish himself in business
on his own account. In 1825, accordingly, he reraoved to
Leicester, Vermont, and opened a smithy, whose business
he carried on until 1830. He then removed to Royalton,
in the sarae State, vvhere he pursued his former calling, con
tinuing constantly occupied until 1837. In that year he
went lo Grand Detour, Illinois, where he again beg.an
business as a blacksmith. At first, in order to obviate the
difficulty of procuring good steel for Ihe large jiloughs or
" breakers" used to break prairie sod, he bought saws from
saw-mills and cut Ihem up for ploughshares and mold
boards, a mold board being Ihe upper part of the share.
The West was about tiiis tirae assuming a raore settled con
dition ; pioneers were daily arriving in large nurabers, and a
jiressing deraand arose for more ploughs, and ploughs of a
better class. Those which they possessed were of an in
ferior kind, and clogged rapidly vvith dirt and earth, in
this manner becoming almost useless. The great object
was to secure a plough whieh would work without becom
ing clogged, or, as the farraers express il, which could scour
properly. He becarae interested in Ihis matter, of high ira
portance in a country whose profitable development de
pended primarily on agricullural labor, and the iinniediate
benefits to be derived from fanning, and invented a plough

whieh scoured in the most satisfactory m.anner. This ira-
pleraent, answering to a great extent the needs of the cora
raunity, soon became an object of admiration, and he manu
factured and sold several of thera to his neighbors. Plis
attention was thus gradually concentrated on the manufac
ture of ploughs, and finding it a profitable business, he by
degrees relinquished all olher operations, and confined him
self exclusively to his new occupation. The first year thus
employed produced three ploughs ; in the following twelve
raonths he raanufactured seven, frora this time forvvard
rapidly increasing the annual production, and learning, by
repeated experiments, how to abridge his labor and increase
the value of his tirae and irapleraents. In 1847, 'he year
in which he left Grand Detour, he had fifty raen constantly
eraployed, and turned out 1400 finished ploughs. He be
stowed the most careful attention upon even the slightest
and apparently most trivial details connected wilh his busi
ness, and would permit no plough to leave his estabUshment
until thoroughly finished and perfected. He experienced
constantly great difficulty in procuring desirable sleel, and
it being a prime and absolute necessity lo obtain that, he
was obliged originally lo import it from England, while
using also the sleel savys before mentioned, vvhich he could
purchase frora the various mills. The steel raade in this
country al ihat time was of a very poor quality, and unfit lo
be used for the purposes to which he might have applied il,
but for ils excessive poorness. At the present time he, as
one of the firm of Deere & Co., procures the needed steel
principaUy from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which is pro
nounced lo be equal to any produced in Great Britain or
on the Continent. He was the founder and promoter of the
establishment known as the Grand Detour Plough Works,
and with his partner, Mr. Lemuel Andras, under the firm-
narae of Andras & Deere, imported from England the first
cast-steel cut inlo mold boards. In 1847 he reraoved lo
Moline, on Ihe Mi.ssissippi river, being attracted to this lo
cality by the convenient water-power easily available, the
proximity lo coal, and the valuable facilities for cheap river
transportation. Here he established new works of a more
extended and thorough character, and at once met with
great and merited prosperity. During the first year in
Moline he manufactured looo ploughs, while with each
succeeding year Ihe annual jiroduci increased immensely.
In 1868 his business was incorporated inlo a joint stock com
pany, wilh Ihe following officers: Presideni, John Deere;
Vice-President, Charies H. Deere ; Secretary and Treasurer,
Stephen H. Velie. The Moline Plough Works of to-day
employ 500 hands, and the annual production is frora 60,000
to 65,000 ploughs and cultivators, all of steel, vvhich, it is
coraputed on reliable and accepted data, is equivalent to
150,000 cast-iron ploughs. Some of these are the Gang
ploughs, a pattern which combines, in fact, two ploughs
united, is drawn by four horses, and is used to break very
heavy ground. The premises cover a section 400 by 300
feel, which is almost entirely covered with buildings three

36

282

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

stories in height. The whole of the work is perforraed on
the corapany's ground, from the seasoning of the timber lo
the final painting and adorning. The blacksmith shop con
tains thirty-six forges and twelve tUt-hanimers, water-power
being used to operate the raachinery. The consuraption of
steel is 700 tons per annum ; that of lumber— ash and oak
 2,000,000 feet jier annum; that of coal, 1200 tons per
annum ; that of wrought-iron, 1600 tons per annum ; that of
cast-iron, 250 tons per annura. Two hundred and fifty
grind-stones, weighing one ton each, are in constant use ;
and ten tons of emery are consumed annuaUy in polishing
the surface of the shares, which, with the mold boards, must
be hardened and polished to the last degree in order to
prevent them from clogging. In Ihis particular the greatest
care is exercised, the ultimate polish being as fine as that
bestowed upon good culleiy. In the competition for prizes
at the Vienna Exposition of 1873 Deere & Co. secured the
first premium, a bronze medal, and at olher exhibitions also
have won prizes of various kinds and values. In 1863-1864
John Deere officiated as Mayor of Moline, and also in 1873-
1875. He was married in 1827 lo Deraarius Larab, a forraer
resident of Granville, Verraont. His son, Charies Henry
Deere, born March i8lh, 1837, at Hancock, Verraont, vvas
educated at the Iowa Academy, Davenport, Iowa, and sub
sequentiy in Chicago. Upon abandoning school Ufe he be
carae book-keeper in Ihe office of his father's plough works
at Moline. In l85g he was admitted into the concern as a
partner, the firm-style adopted being Deere & Co. In 1868,
the date of the incorporation of the business into a joint
stock company, he became ils Vice-President and Treasurer.
He is al the present time Vice-President also of the Moline
Water Power Corapany, and Director of the First National
Bank, and of Diraock, Gotdd & Co. He was married in
1862 to Mary Littie Dickinson, of Chicago, lUinois.

j2 YDER, REV. WILLIAM HENRY, D. D,, Pastor
i\ of Sl. Paul's Universali.it Church of Chicago,
was born in Provincetown, Barnstable county,
Massachusetts, July I3lh, 1822. His father,
Godfrey Ryder, still living, at the age of seventy-
eight, was then a sea-faring man, and became
afterward, as he is novv, justice of the peace, recorder of
deeds, and town magistrate. The raother is also still living.
The son, the fifth generation of that name and family in
Provincetown, began his education in the public schools; and
at the age of fifteen, being of a very studious turn of mind,
he entered upon a regular course of study with the intention
of becoraing a rain's'er. He had made one or Iwo trips on
the ocean wilh his falher upon whaling and fishing voyages,
but not much to his liking. Wilh this plan for life, he
went to Pembroke, New Plarapshire, and spent two years
in study; after which he went to Clinton, New York, and
studied Greek and Hebrew under Dr. Clowes. By these

efforts he fitted hiraself for college ; but, owing to the pref
erence of his parents that he should not enter, he re
frained from doing so. He had, even before this time, and
when not more than eighteen years old, begun preaching as
a student, and from the age of nineteen supported hiraself
by this means. When twenty he was licensed by the Uni
versalists, and when but twenty-one years of age he took
charge of the Universalist Society at Concord, New Hamp
shire, to which parish he had preached when a student at
Pembroke. He began his ministry here at a salary of four
hundred and fifty dollars, and labored among ihem for Iwo
years and a half He then went lo the Universalist Church
at Nashua, New Hamp.shire, vvhere he also was pastor for
a similar period. By this time he began to see that he
needed change and some cessation of labor, as, if he con
tinued working as hard as he had begun to do, he would
soon lose his heallh; and, more than all, he saw that he
had entered upon the work of the ministry wiihout the
thorough training and preparation that was necessaiy. He
accordingly relinquished his pastorate and went abroad, at
tended the University of Berlin, became a special student un
der Neander, and afterward pursued his travels through into
Egypt, Syria, Palestine and up the Black Sea; making in
all a tour of study and observation of a year and a half He
then returned and became pastor of Ihe First Universalist
Church of Roxbury, Massachusetts, now called Boston
Highlands. Here he reniained for ten years, a very useful
pastor, and rauch endeared lo his people. While there he
vvas interested in educational matters, and for some time
chairman of the Board of Education. He also took strong
ground against slavery and intemperance, and in a measure
his life there foreshadowed his general and public useful
ness at the West. Januaiy Ist, i860, he went lo Chicago,
at Ihe call of the P'irst Universalist Church of that city,
usually called St. Paul's Church. Here he entered upon
a career of activity, success and usefulness, not only wilh
regard to the interests of his church and denomination, but
those of the community at large, that has not been excelled
perhaps by any clergyman of the city, and which is slill in
a full tide of power and influence. The church al that time
was neither large nor strong, and embarnassed by dissen
sions ; he harmonized these elements, and under his minis
try it has grown steadily and evenly up, until now it is tiie
largest and most powerful church of ihat denominalion at
the West. It has given liberally for charitable and religious
purposes for many years, and wdien, in connection wdlh
others, he wished lo raise $100,000 for the Norlhweslern
(Universalist) Conference, in furtherance of missionary and
educational purjioses, and to endow Lombard University at
Galesburg, Illinois, his church itself gave one-fourth of that
sura. He was one of the founders of this conference, which
has been in existence for ten years, and is now its President.
He is also President of the Board of Trustees of Lombard
University. He is frequentiy called to installations, ordina-,
tions, and other, church assemblies, from Sl. Paul to Phila-.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

283

delphia. Dr. Ryder — for ho has received the degree of
M.ister of Arts from' Harvard in i860, ,and of Doctor of
Divinity from Lombard University in 1864 — came to Chi
cago at au important era in ils history, and in that of the
country at large. The rebelUon, and the times that tried
men's patriotism and faithfulness, came soon after ; his voice
from the first gave no uncertain sound on the question of
the country's needs and peril. He ardently supported the
governraent, ancl became an energetic and capable officer
of the Sanitary Commission, and wilh his church labored
abundantly and generously for the welfare of the army.
Just before Sherman's march he visited the front at Chatta
nooga to meet his brother, a colonel of a Massachusetts
regiment, and to render service for Ihe Sanitary Commission.
He vvas by them also sent to Richmond, immediately after
the news of its evacuation, lo gather trophies and matters
of interest for the Sanitary Fair about to be held in Chicago,
and to confer wilh President Lincoln and engage his pres
ence at the opening of the same. He made the arrange
ment with Mr. Lincoln, and went forward lo Richmond,
where he secured raany objects of great interest and value,
among vvhich was the famous letter used by the government
in the assassination trial. On his return to Washington a
week later he found Mr. Lincoln dead, and made arrange
ment wilh General Sherman to be present al Ihe opening
of the fair. He was for four months Chaplain of Ihe 6gih
Il.inois Regimenl, stationed on guard at Camp Douglas.
In i86g he became quite sick, and when sufficiently re
covered, at the advice of physicians, went abroad for his
health, travelling wilh his family through Europe, and mak
ing a stay of a year; during all which time his church con
tinued to pay his salary. At the great fire his church and
residence were destroyed, and the congregation was seriously
crippled by their losses. He then went East and solicited
funds to help rebuild the church, for vvhich purpose he
gathered jS4O,000, a sura remarkable in amount, considering
the smaUness of the denomination to vvhich he now espe
cially ajipealed. They built a far better church than the
former one, which was not ready for use until 1874. The
doclor has been identified wdlh very many of the charitable
and other public institutions of the city for years. He is
the only clergyman who has ever been upon the Chicago
Board of Education. They learned of his experience in
this department at the East, and knowing of his thorough
scholastic training abroad, sought his acceptance of this
position, which he held for five years, until he declined
further service. His associates during that period pro
nounce his course as reraarkably wise, energetic, candid
and irapartial, and highly beneficial to the public interests.
He was also, with a few other Universalist and Unitarian
ministers, mainly instrumental in securing the organization
of the Chicago Christian Union, whose object was to turn
the distribution of public charities frora Ihe channels of a
more sectarian association lo those of one which should
more fully and truly represent the whole public at large.

from whom Ihe raeans carae. This was Ihe jiarent of the
Chicago Relief Associalion, which had been in operation
at the time of the fire just tong enough lo have the recjuisite
experience, and the unlimiled confidence of the comraunily,
and into whose management came the generous gifts of a
world's .sympathies. He was married, November 5tii, 1843,
lo Caroline Frances Adams, of Provincetown. They have one
ehild, a daughter grown. Dr. Ryder is also Vice-President
ofthe Women's Hospital of Chicago, and connected in an
official capacity wilh the Old People's Horae of that city.
His parish has always evinced great liberality and generos
ity toward him, and is deeply attached to its jiastor.
As a preacher he stands among the foreraost of the day.
His topics are those of the age and the hour, handled vig
orously and effectively. His delivery is steady, strong,
forceful and impressive. And his sermons, most of which
are extemporaneously delivered, are frequentiy selected for
publication in the papers of the city. He has also at times
been a contributor lo the Universalist Quarterly, and other
denominational publications ; but his life has been one more
of practical activity than of literary effects.

lOCKE, REV. JOHN WESLEY, President of the
McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois, was born
in Paris, Kentucky, February 12th, 1822. His
falher. Rev. George Locke, a prorainent minister
ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church, died in 1834.
(For an extended sketch of this divine see
Sprague's " Pulpit Annals.") His mother, Elizabeth B.
McReynolds, was the originator ofthe first ladies' boarding
school at Terre Haute, Indiana. He was educated at the
Augusta College, Kenlucky, and graduated frora that insti
tution in 1843. Upon the corapletion of his collegiate
course he became engaged in teaching school, an avocation
at which he continued for one year. He then joined the
Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and
continued in the ministry of that Slate until 1850. While
associated with tills body he travelled successively the Bain
bridge, West Union, Jacksonville and Deer Creek Circuits,
each for a period of twelve raonlhs. Returning subsequently
lo Bainbridge, he traveUed that circuit for a further period
of two years; reraoved Ihence to West Jefferson, where he
remained for one year, and in 1850 was transferred to the
Indiana Conference, being stationed for two years at Ve
vay, Switzeriand county. Rising Sun was then the scene
of his labors for one year, at the expiralion of which tirae
he 'was elecled President of the BrookvUle CoUege, and
served in that capacity during the following four years. He
vvas then apjioinled to the Connersville district, and trav
elled that section for a further period of four years, fiUing
Ihrough the initiatory year of his labors in this district the
presidential chair of the inslilulion above mentioned. He
was afterward elected to the chair of matheraatics of As-

284

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

bury University, at Greencastle, Indiana, serving with ad
mirable efficiency in that capacity for a term of twelve years.
At Ihe termination of this period he resigned the chair, and
vvas appointed lo the Wall Street Church, Jeffersonville, In
diana, officiating as pastor of that church until elecled
President of the McKendree CoUege in August, 1874. In
i860 he represented the Southeastern Indiana Conference
in the General Conference at Buffalo, and again in 1868
filled the same responsible position at Chicago, in both in
stances conducting himself with fruilful zeal and earnestness.
At Ihe preseni lime he is a delegate-elect of the Soulhern
Illinois Conference to the General Conference to be held in
May, 1876. He is widely recognized as one of the most
gifted and forcible pulpit orators in Ihe Stale, and also as a
theologian endowed wilh remarkable powers of persuasion
and reasoning. His sermons when delivered are generally
printed for publication, and raany of thera raay be ciled as
masterpieces of Christian exhortation. McKendree Col
lege, so favorably known lo the supporters of the Methodist
Church, has an attendance usually of about two hundred
students, and is. under Ihe special patronage of the Confer
ences of Soulhern Illinois, St. Louis and Missouri. He was
m.arried in June, 1846, to Matilda Wood, daughter of Col
onel Samuel R. Wood, an active and noted participant in
the war of 1812.
el^^OODWIN, REV. EDWARD PAYSON, D. D.,
was born, July 3 isl, 1S32, in Rome, Oneida
counly, Nevv York. His falher Wiis Soloraon
Goodwin, a carpenter by trade. He attended
Ihe common schools and academies, then taught
an acaderay at Rome, and then entered Amherst
College in 1852, took a full course, and graduated in 1856.
He then entered Union Theological Seminary of New York,
where he pursued theological Iraining for Ihree years, was
licensed to preach, and graduated therefrom in l85g. In
the same year he was ordained as a- minister of the gospel,
and became a home missionary in Verraont for one year.
He was raarried, September 27lh, i860, to Ellen M. Cham
berlain, of East Burke, Vermont. They have one child
living, and have lost two. In i860 he received a call lo
the First Congregational Church of Colurabus, Ohio, over
which he continued pastor until 1868. During the war he
was an officer of both Ihe Sanitary and Christian Corarais
sions, and labored energetically lo proraote these great in
teresls. He was appointed an array chaplain, but declined
the position. Near the close of the war he spent nine weeks
at the front in connection wilh the above work. ITe was
also at one lirae appointed chairman of a committee selected
by the Uniled States governmeni, and sent into Wyoming
Territory lo investigate inlo the murder of several savages,
supposed to have been killed by while men, and at a time
when government feared a general outbreak on Ihe slightest
pretext. Pie repaired to Ihe scene, in'.erviewed Red Cloud

and other noted chiefr, accompanied by his wife, the first
white woman vvho had ever ventured so far into the haunts
of these Indians, and investigated the affair, vvith the result
of Jiroving the falsity ofthe charge. In January, 1868, Dr.
Goodwin received a call to the First Congregational Church
of Chicago, as successor of Dr. Patton, who had becorae
editor of Ihe Advance. After a while their church became
too sraall for them, and they built a finer and larger one ;
one of the most completely fitted and furnished, vvith all
modern conveniences, in the city. During Ihis lime he was
advised by physicians to go abroad for his heallh, and he
thus visited Italy, Egypt and Palestine, returning at the
dedication of the church. When the great fire of 1871
swept away the business and rauch of the residence portion
of the city, Ihey and their church escaped, and here in the
b.asement of Ihis beautiful new sancluaiy, the most extensive
accoraraodations altair.able, the Mayor and city officials met
to consider what could be done; here the very first of those
grand telegrams, charged wilh the syrapathy of a world,
were received and read aloud to the few there gathered ;
here the city departirients of fire, police, justice, etc., vvere
set up, and housed themselves for some tirae; and here the
grand Relief Association met and carried on its work. It
is needless to add that Dr. Goodwin was a leading raan in
these trying tiraes, tind an efficient worker upon the Relief
Associalion. Bul a liltie more than a year afterward their
church was itself burnt, in January, 1873. It vvas irame
diately rebuilt, as finely as before. He is slill pastor of this
church, which has grown steadily under his ministrations,
and is now the second or third largest Congregational Church
in the Uniled Slates, numbering g76 members. He is a
raan of sound views, of abilily as a preacher, and highly
endeared to his people. He received, alraost at the same
lirae, the titie of Doctor in Divinity frora two colleges, his
Alma Mater and Western Reserve College, of Ohio. His
sermons are frequentiy printed in the papers of ihe ciiy, and
he has at times been a contributor to the religious papers of
the day.

ARSH, EBENEZER, President of the Alton, Illi
nois, National Bank, w.as born in Worcester counly,
Massachusetts, in 1806, his parents being Eliab
and Fannie (Edmunds) Marsh. He was in
structed at an .academy near his home, and in
1829 removed to Illinois, vvhere he reniained a
short tirae. The two subsequent years he sjient in Ohio
and Kenlucky, acting in Louisville as agent for the Hart
ford Insurance Company. In 1832 he located at Alton,
Illinois, and there engaged in Ihe drug business, which he
successfully conducted for len years. In 1845 he relinquished
Ihis pursuit, and determined lo embark in the banking busi
ness, which up lo that lirae had been exclusively carried on
in Alton by a branch of the old Stale Bank at Springfield.
He entered at once into this field of enterprise, which

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

285

exacted the greatest experience, tact and discernment lo
secure success, using Ihe banking privileges that had been
granted lo the Alton Marine and Fire Insurance Company.
Under that name, and invested with that authority, he car
ried on a large and growing banking business until the free
banking law of the Stale of Illinois went inlo effect, vvhich
took Jilace in 1852, when he established the Alton Bank
and assumed ils Presidency. In 1865 it ceased to operate
under the old Stale system, and under Ihe enactments of
Congress was erected into a national bank. He has alvvays
been al the head of this institution, vvhich under his masterly
management has passed safely Ihrough all the financial
crises that have occurred during the past thirty years. It
has never yet failed to raeet an obligation, and when raerely
a Stale bank, and at a lime when financial operations were
recklessly conducted, the notes of the Alton Bank vvere al
ways accepted by the people without any apprehension of
their becoming worthless. The bank of to-day is one of
the soundest in the country, and transacts a very large and
flourishing business. Confidence in it has never yet been
shaken ; on the contrary, it has grown into daily-increasing
popularity, its management being regarded as both prudent
and able. Mr. Marsh was among the early settiers of
Alton, and was prorainent in all those public enterprises
which tended towards its rapid growth. He is a raan of
the raost irreproachable characler, a keen and cautious finan
cier, and is held in high respect for his qualifications as a
business man and as a privale citizen. He vvas raarried in
1832 to Ann Cox, of Ohio, vvho died in 1836. He vvas
married again in 1840 to Mary S. Caldwell, of Massachu
setts, vvho still lives.

.VRKER, GEORGE W., Lawyer, Vice President
and General Manager of St. Louis, Alton & Terre
Haule Railroad, was born in Springfield, Illinois,
August I2th, 1836. His father, Leonard B.
Parker, was a cabinet-maker, forraerly of Ken
tucky, who died vvhen George W. vvas quite
young, and, Uke raost of the Western pioneers at that early
day, left very lillie properly. His motiier, Elizabeth A.
Fairleigh, belonged to a prominent Kentucky faniily, vvho
were among Ihe pioneers of Ihat Stale. At the decease of
her husband she returned lo her native Slate vvith her two
little boys, George .and Andrew, and settled in Elizabeth-
town. Al Ihe academy in Ihat tovvn George W. received
the preliminary education it afforded, and then entered the
office of the Elizabethtown Register to learn ihe prinler's
trade. After a service of four years, and by Ihe assistance
of friends, he becarae proprietor ofthe paper, and, changing
ils narae to the Intelligencer, successfully conducted it for
two years. He Ihen closed out his interest, and renioving
to Glasgow, Kenlucky, established there Ihe Glasgow Free
Press. This paper he conducted for one year, and having
put it on a firm basis, sold out to an advantage. As an

editor he acquired considerable reputation as a vigorous
writer. Having thus by his own exertions and industry ac
curaulated sorae means, he was enabled to coramence the
study of law, which jirofession he had decided lo follow.
Accordingly he entered the office of Colonel Thomas B.
Fairleigh, at Brandenburg, Kentucky, in 1859 (now a prom
inent jiraclitioner at the bar of Louisville, Kenlucky). Here
he reniained for two years, at Ihe sarae lirae attending the
Law Department of Ihe University at Louisville, graduat
ing therefrom in March, 1861 ; and being then adraitted to
the bar, located at once in Charleston, Illinois. He asso
ciated himself wilh Eli Wiley, his preseni paftner, and has
since been in active practice, and is araong the acknowl
edged leaders of the bar in central Illinois. In 1865 Mr.
Parker vvas appoinled chief counsel for the St. Louis, Al
ton & Terre Haute Railroad, wdiich position he filled until
1867, when he becarae Vice-President ofthe road, and sub
sequently, appreciating his executive abilily, he vvas also
chosen Treasurer and General Manager of that company.
His numerous duties in these positions require most of his
tirae, bul he still holds his legal connection wilh Mr. WUey,
appearing in the courts when necessary. In 1868 Mr.
Parker was elected on the Republican ticket to the Legis
lature (receiving the largest Republican raajority given in
the county at that lime), where he served one term of two
years. Since that time he has eschewed politics almost
entirely. Originally a Whig, on coraing to Illinois he al
lied himself wilh the Republican party, being a strong Union
man. During 1871 and 1872 he acted as Mayor of Charles
ton, Illinois ; was for several years a raeraber of the Execu
tive Coraraittee of the RepubUcan parly of Illinois. He
was married in 1863 to Nellie, daughter of Dr. Aaron
Ferguson, the pioneer physician of Charleston. Her motiier,
nee Susan P. Morion, was Ihe daughter of Charles Morion,
the founder of the town, and from hira it derives its name.

ILKINSON, WINFIELD SCOTT, CivU Engi
neer, Surveyor and F'armer, w.is born in Ska-
nealeles, Onondaga county. New York, Septeraber
llth, 1812. His parenls were Alfred Wilkinson
and Susan (Sraith) Wilkinson. In 1836 he re
moved lo JacksonvUle, Illinois, and vvas em
ployed by the Slate as engineer on the Slate railroads for
three years. In 1839 he moved lo Como, Whitesides
counly, where he remained for several years. In 1856 he
went to Sleriing, and in 1858 settled in Morrison, con
stantly engaged in- the interira in surveying and farraing.
In 1844-1845 he was an active and prorainent member of
the Illinois Legislalure, vvhere he served with abilily and
rectitude. He was also a raember of the IlUnois Stale
Senate from 1870 to 1872. He has been Surveyor of White-
sides counly four terms, and County Clerk three terras,^
from 1857 lo 1869. He was also for one terra Associate

286

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

Justice. In 1S55 he surveyed the town of Morrison, in
Whitesides counly. He is a leading and influential citizen
of his county, and his many estimable characteristics have
won for him the respect and esteem of the community
amid vvhich he is an honored raeniber. He was raarried
in 1841 to Frances C. Sarapson, forraerly a resident of
Duxbuiy, Massachusetts; a lineal descendant on the pater
nal side of Ihe famous Captain Miles Standish, the hero
of that band of pilgriras who crossed the ocean in the
" Mayflower," and landed on Plymouth Rock.

INDETTE, ARTHUR W., Lawyer, was born,
1828, near Ihe ancient cathedral city of Norwich,
Norfolk county, England. He is of Pluguenol
descent, his ancestors having left France during
the persecutions of that church, and found a
refuge in the British Isles. His falher, John
Windetle, emigrated to the United States in 1836, and
settled on Fox river, about fifty railes frora Chicago. He
selected some fine lands in this locality, vvhich he culti
vated, and this splendid jiroperty is still in possession of
the family. Previous to his leaving his native countiy,
Arthur had acquired the rudiriients of an English educa
tion, and he received thorough academical instruction in
the classics and mathematics, in the serainary presided over
by Rev. A. M. Stuart, in Chicago, where a class of young
men, of whom he vvas one, were -specially trained in the
higher branches of the mathematics and classical literature.
On attaining his majority he entered the office of John J.
Brar, then a leading practitioner, as a student-at-law,
where he reniained until his admission to the bar, in Julv,
1S50. He at once entered upon the practice of his pro
fession, and from the first was engaged in very important
cases, involving large privale interests. His first leading
case vvas Ihat of The People vs. Thurber, iu which he took
the plaintiffs' side, and won it, vvhich was his first im
portant success in the Supreme Court. He was next en
gaged, also for the plaintiff, in the suit of Stow vs, Yavvood,
vvhich was twice before the Suprerae Court, and in both
cases he carried Ihe litigation to a successful terraination
for his client. To this succeeded the case of Link vs.
The Architectur.al Iron Works, of New York, where he
again was interested in the plaintiff's behalf, and which hc
gained. In the case of Curtis vs. Brown, he appeared for
the defendant, whose case he so ably argued, and thougli
he was opposed by an array of the ablest legal talent of
the Slate, he gained the day, and his client's causes.
This case of Curtis vs. Brown is remarkable as turning on
the question as lo Ihe power of Ihe High Court of Chan
cery, in England, to sell a trust estate belonging to a mar
ried woman in violation of Ihe terms of the deed creating
the trust. The jiower had been exercised in England,
but no discussion of Ihe point, nor formal decision upon

it, could be found in any of Ihe authorities. These cases
are ciled, not only because they involved peculiar points
of law, but for the reason that they are widely known
and quoted as precedents. His practice, which has ex
tended through a fourlh of a century, has won for hira an
extended reputation, and which is second to none in
the State. Whether in the preparation of a case or in
arguing it before a court or jury he is equally efficient,
having the faculty of jiresenling it with clearness, force,
and effect, while, avoiding all extraneous matters, he pro
ceeds directly to the point at issue. In his arguments, he
invariably leaves the impression that he thoroughly under
stands his case in all its bearings and phases, and can
present the salient points clearly and logically. He had
the misfortune to lose, during Ihe great fire of October,
1871, his fine legal and privale libraries; the former con
taining, among olher choice and valuable works, a com-
jilele set of voluraes on Roman Jurisprudence, not easUy
attainable; while in the latter were fine Oxford editions
of the classics. He has fortunately since succeeded in
replacing a majority of them. He is largely interested in
real estate, being the owner of some of the finest property
in Chicago and ils suburbs. In his business transactions
as well as in his lavv practice, he is possessed of unusual
discernment and foresight. In political raatters he is a
Republican by conviction, but is no jiolitician, never hav
ing held nor sought office. He was married in 1852 to
Marcia D., daughter of the lale Hon. Jesse Kimball, of
Bradford, Massachusetts, who died within a year after their
union. He vvas again raarried in 1856 to Eliza Duncan,
youngest daughter of the lale Jaraes Duncan, the founder
and resident of MassiUon, Ohio.

VTLE, FRANCIS W., Physician, w.as born in
Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland county, Penn
sylvania, on the 2ist of October, i8ig. His
father was a native of Ireland, frora which
counlry he was brought vvhen but six raonlhs
old; and his raother was a native of Pennsyl
vania, but vvas of Scotch descent, having been nearly
related to Robert Pollock, the author of Ihe " Course of
Time." Francis attended the common schools at his
native jilace, and on leaving school w.as emjdoyed for four
years in a raercantile establishraent. On leaving this he
engaged in leaching school, which engaged his tirae and
attention for a year. ITe then emigrated to Kenlucky,
and there he resumed school teaching, and continued it
for two years. - Al the expiration of that time he crra-
raenced the sludy of raedicine, studying wilh Dr. John W.
Hood, the fatiier of General John W. Hood, of the Con
federate array. For t'.vo yeai'S he continued his sludies,
and then he began the practice of his profession in Henry
county, Kenlucky. At Ihe expiralion of two years he

.BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

287

removed from Kenlucky lo Tennessee, and in that Slate
he resumed the practice of niedicine and continued it for
a year and a half. Then he returned lo Kentucky, estab
lishing himself al Lexington. Here he resumed and com
pleted his medical studies, graduating from the Medical
Department of the Transylvania University in 1847. This
accomplished, he raoved to Troy, M.adison county, Illinois,
and entered upon the practiee of his profession in that
Jilace. He remained here until 1862, when he entered
the anny as Assistant Surgeon of the 51st Regiment Illi
nois Volunteer Infantry. In April, 1863, he was promoted
to the rank of Surgeon in the 36lh Regiment Illinois
Infantry, vvhich position he held until 1865. In the
month of May, in that year, he was mustered out of Ihe
service. During his term of military service he took part
in many engagements; among them were ihe battles of
Stone River, Chattanooga, Chickamauga, and Mission
Ridge. At this place he had charge of General .Sheridan's
field hosjiital, and in the succeeding suraraer he had charge
of the sarae division in the field until the array reached
Atianta. Frora this jilace he went to Nashville, and was
there placed in charge of the officers' hospital. Returning
home after leaving the array he remained in Troy but six
months, when he moved to Lebanon, where he has re
mained ever since in the active practice of his profession.
He is now in the enjoyment of a Large and lucrative
praclice there. He was married in 1845 '°- F'oi'ida M.
Routt, of Tennessee. His business prosperity has not
been wdlhout its drawbacks. While in Troy he was
interested in a carriage factory, but the venture jiroved
unlucky, and he had to make up the losses in this direction
out of the profits arising from his profession.

'ORNER, HENRY H., Lawyer, was born on the
22d of February, 1821, in Lebanon, Illinois.
His falher was Nathan Horner, who was a native
of Baltimore, Maryland, and his mother vvas a
native of Virginia. They were married in
Xenia, Ohio, in 1817, and removed lo Illinois
soon after their raarriage. Henry received his collegiate
education at McKendree College, Illinois, and on graduating
he was made a tutor in Ihe institution. At the expiration
of six months he was made Professor of Ancient Lan
guages, and filled that position for a year, vvhen he began
the study of law, and at the expiration of three years
was admitted to the bar ; and immediately thereafter he
coraraenced the practice of his profession in Sl. Clair
counly, where he has continued ever since. In 1866 he
was elected lo the position of Professor in the Law Depart
ment of McKendree College, which position he stUl fills.
In Ihe year 1874 he was elected Mayor of Lebanon, and
in 1875 he was re-elected to the office. Aside from this he
has steadfastly declined to hold any public office ; and his

acceptance of Ihe Mayoralty vvas due entirely to Ihe strong
interest he takes in his native jilace. ITe was the first
to hold the office of Mayor in Lebanon. Aside from his
extensive law practiee, he is kept constantly engaged in
superintending his large landed estate. He was raarried
in 1858 to Helen M. Danforth, of Sl. Albans, Verraont.

ILLER, AMBROSE MARSHALL, M. D., was
born in Baltimore, Maryland, October 6lh, 1829.
His parents were Henry G. Miller and Anna
(Smith) Miller, bolh residents of Baltimore.
His paternal grandfather, Henry Miller, was a
well-known citizen of Millerstown, Pennsyl
vania; his raaternal grandfather, Jaraes L. Smith, bf
Baltimore, Maryland, was a descendant of one of the
oldest farailies of Maryland. His great-grandfather was
an active and noted participant in the Revolutionaiy war,
having served efficiently in Smallwood's Battalion. At a
yet remoter period, his ariceslors were men of mark and
influence, respected by their contemporaries and favorably
known for talents and acquirements of a diversified nalure.
His preparatory education was acquired at an excellent
private school located in his native city, where, in addition
to il regular course of sludy in the eleraentary, practical,
and literary branches, he made advances also toward Ihe
acquisition of a knowledge of the science of medicine.
He subsequently completed his professional Iraining at
the Washington University, of Baltimore, from vvhich
institution he eventually graduated. Upon the relinquish
ment of school life, he vvas placed in the Chemical Labora
tory of his cousin, Dr. C. P. Stevenson ; this event occur
ring previous lo his actual entry upon the study of
medicine, his connection wilh the above-named scientist
being considered in the light of a preparatory exanien.
While in his seventeenth year he entered the office of his
cousin. Dr. Jaraes S. Stevenson, a talented and distin
guished physician of Baltimore, and there, under the pre
ceptorship of this able tutor, comjileted his raedical edu
cation. He afterward practised his profession for a brief
period in Baltiraore; then, in 1853, reraoved lo the West,
and settied in Illinois. There he entered energetically
upon the active practice of his profession, primarily at
Milton, Pike counly, then at Winchester, Scolt counly,
establishing hiraself ultimately in Lincoln, Logan county,
where he has perraanentiy resided during Ihe past eighteen
years. He has held the office of Attendhig Physician lo
the Northeastern Dispensary of Baltimore; and while
officiating in this capacity vvas also appoinled by Mayor
Hollins, Vaccine Physician for the Eighth Ward of Balti
more. During the years 1866, 1867, and 1868, he was
President of the Logan County Medical Society; and
while perforraing the functions of Ihat position elicited
numerous encomiums from his colleagues for his tact and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

effective administration. In poUtics he is an old school
Deraocrat, and despite his extensive practice and the
allendiint cares and duties, has found tirae to devote lo
the consideraiion of public raatters in their relations to'
the interests of his adopted Stale and city. In 1862 he
vvas elecled lo Ihe Legislalure of IlUnois, and in 1864
secured a re-eleclion, the merited award of a constituency
grateful for valuable services performed wilh loyalty and
ability at an important period. His cleariy defined States'
rights views were incessantly and bitteriy denounced by his
political enemies; but those who were farailiar with his
sentiraents and princijiles never, for an instant, doubted his
patriotisra or his raotives. He is notable for the power he
wields in conventions, and is widely recognized as an
honorable and powerful political ally. He has been a
constant contributor of prose and poetry to Ihe Lincoln
papers, and in 1S60 wrote an essay, entitled "The Alpha
and Omega of Art," vvhich vvas published in the Logan
County Democrat, and subsequently widely copied in whole
or in part. He is a liberal patron of Uterature and the
arts, is the possessor of an extensive and varied slore of
learning, and, in regard to scholarly attainraents, is not
exceUed in the Stale of Illinois. He is President of the
Board of Education of the city of Lincoln, an office which
he has occupied during the past' ten years. He was the
originator and proraoter of most of the public enterprises
of the city and county, and has alvvays been a prime mover
in all matters relating to the well-being of his fellow-towns
men. He is Secretary and Treasurer of the Pekin, Lin
coln & Decatur Railroad Company, and a Director and
stockholder in the Lincoln Gas Company, of which institu
tion he is Secretary. He was married, in December, 1854,
to a daughter of Captain Peygrane, a forraer resident of
Petersburgh, Virginia.

i ALDWIN, HON. ELMER, AgrictdtttrialisI, Justice
of the Peace, and Member of the I^egislature,
was born in Litchfield counly, Conneclicul,
March 8lh, 1S06, being the son of Noble and
Mary (Hinraan) Baldwin. His father was a
farmer, and his mother was a woman of great
industry and sincere jiiety. Allhough Ihe only educational
facilities he enjoyed vvere those afforded in the common
schools he became so proficient in the various branches of
learning by self-ajiplication that at sixteen he comraenced
to teach, and continued in this capacity until twenly-two
years of age, passing his suraraers in work upon his father's
f.irra. He then started a store in New Milford, vvhich he
raanaged for three years, selling out then on account of ill-
health, occasioned by too close confinement. Hc jiurchased
il farm, and worked it for five years, entirely recovering his
heallh by the jihysical exercise which it required. In 1831
he was raarried to Adaline Benson, of New Milford.
In 1835 he journeyed V.'est, and took up a tract of govern

ment land in La Salle county, IlUnois, where the tovvn of
Farm Ridge is novv located, and in the following year
removed to it with his family. The land was then wild aud
unbroken, but by his individual energy he soon placed it in
fine condition for cultivation, and in a short time made it
one of the finest estates in that section. He was elected
Justice of the Peace of Vermillion Precinct, and retained
that office for fourteen consecutive years. In 1837 his wife
died from consuraption, and he was married to Adeline
O. Field, of West Brookfield, Massachusetts, in 1838.
Farm Ridge, the town which soon grew up at the locality
where he had settled, advanced steadily into prosperity.
He was chosen ils Poslraaster, and for twenty years exer
cised the functions of that office. On the organization of
Ihe county into townships he was elecled Town Supervisor,
and held that position six years, for two years of this period
being Chairman of the Board. In 1857 he was elecled to a
seat in the House of Representatives of Illinois for two
years, and was again chosen in 1867 for the same term.
He was a meraber, and for five years Chairman, of the
Stale Board of Charities, and in this capacity did a great
work in ameliorating the condition of those vvho became
inmates in charitable or correctional institutions. In 1872
he was elecled to the Stale Senate from La Salle county
fpr two years. He was one of the originators and a Trustee
of Farm Ridge Seminary, a very fine educational enterprise.
He is a thorough adherent to temperance principles, and in
diet is nearly a strict vegetarian, having al an early day
adopted this habit in consequence of poor health. He slill
maintains this dietary system from the fact that since he
first adopted it, over thirty years ago, he has not been pros
trated by sickness for one day. This is a reraarkable
record, which goes far to support Ihe theory of vegetarians.
Mr. Baldwdn is a gentieraan of raany acquirements, and has
been active in promoting public works, and in securing the
highest possible forms of intellectual and material prosperity
for the section in which he resides.

IXON, JOHN, Pioneer, was born in the viUage of
Rye, Westchester counly, New York, October
gih, 1784. At an early age he removed to New
York city, where for about fifteen years he was
the jiroprietor of a clothing store and merchant
tailoring establishment. In addition to the suc
cessful jiroseculion of business he vvas untiring in his efforts
for the promotion of temperance and religious interesls,
and in this connection became one of the active members
nnd Directors of the first Bible Society organized in the
United Slates. This was organized Februaiy l6th, iSog,
under the narae of " The Young Men's Bible Society of
the City of New York." While thus engaged premonitory
symptoms of pulmonary disease manifested themselves,
making a change of climate necessary. Under the advice

'^J.cc!::/ : ¦,, -

BIOGRAPHICAL KNCYCLOPEDLA..

289

of his physician he disposed of lii.i interests in the city, and
in 1820, in company with Mrs. Dixon and children, and
his brother-in-law, Charles S. Boyd, and family (now of
Princeton, Illinois), set out for the then Great West — the
western prairies. In those jirimitive tiraes the best mode
of conveyance for a journey of such magnitude was Ihe
slow-going ox-team and covered lumber wagon. This
mode was adopted ; and the two families, with all needed
appliances for comfort, moved west to Pittsburgh, where a
fi.il-boat was jirocured. Wilh this arrangement the two
farailies descended the Ohio lo Shawneetown, Illinois, from
which jioint they struck across the country lo Sangaraon
county, and settled on Fancy Creek, nine miles from the
present site of Springfield, just seventy-two days after
leaving New York. Il may be remarked that these gentle
men, in looking over the vast undulating jilains of the
Northwest, dotted here and there wilh groves, and traversed
by strearas, little thought of ever wdtnessing in the sarae
region a teeming jiopulation, railroads, telegraph lines,
bridges, manufactories, cities, and vast agricultural improve
ments. But such have been the changes. In 1825 Judge
Sawyer, whose circuit nominally embraced northwestern
IlUnois, requested Mr. Dixon to take the appointment of
Circuit Clerk, and reni-ive to the then village of Peoria,
vvhich he did, receiving also frora Governor Cowdes the
appointment of Recorder. While thus engaged the govern
ment decided ujioii giving Galena raail facilities once in
two weeks, and Mr. Dixon threw in a bid which was
accepted. In order lo secure a passage for the mails over
Rock river he induced a man by the name of Ogee — a
French and Indian half-breed — to establish a ferry at the
point now known as Dixon. This done, the travel to and
from the lead mines so rapidly increased Ihat Ogee's coffers
became ful! — too full indeed for his moral powers to bear;
the result vvas constant inebriation. To avoid the delays in
the transmission of ihe mails which these irregularities en
tailed, Mr. Dixon bought the ferry from Ogee, and, in
April, 1830, removed his faraily to that point. Frora Ihat
dale the place, as a point for crossing the river, becarae
known as Dixon's Ferry. At that tirae a large portion of
the Winnebago tribe of Indians occupied ihis part of Ihe
Rock river country. Mr. Dixon so managed his business
relations wdlh them as to secure their entire confidence and
friendship, which, on the return of the Sauks and Foxes,
under their war-chief Black Hawk, in 1832, proved to be
of inestimable benefit to hiraself and family. He was
recognized by thera as the " red raan's friend," and in
accordance wilh the universal praclice of Ihe race, who
always give names to persons and places descriptive cf
sorae incident or attribute jiertainirig lo thera, called hira
" Nadah-Chtirah-Sah" — " head-hair-white," in alUusion to
his flowing white hair. It is also their custora to run
corapound words or sentences together, as in the case of
this narae, pronounced by them " Na-chu-sah." Mr.
Dixon's influence upon the moral habits of the Indians in
' 37

the Rock river valley seriously curtailed Ihe profits of the
few Indian traders who had established posts there. They
found but a poor market for the whiskey vvith which they
were wont lo defraud Ihe Indians out of Iheir furs and
olher pelts. Owanica, or "Jahro," the Winnebago chief
vvho claimed and proved to be the "fast friend" of Mr.
Dixon and family, becarae an active and energetic disciple
of teraperance. The advent of Black Hawk with his six
hundred warriors, who vvere marching from the Desraoines
river, in Iowa, up this valley, and who encamped at a
spring a few hundred yards above the ferry, gave Ihe
Winnebago chiefs abundant opportunity to manifest their
"fast friendship" to the faraUy of Mr. Dixon. The former
tribe vvere intending to take forcible possession of some
territory on the ujijier Rock, embracing the Kishwaukie
counlry, clairaed to have been given them by the Potta-
vvaloraies. They vvere followed from Rock Island by
General Atkinson with an army of regulars and volunteers,
vvhich compelled them to raove north. Leaving the Rock
at Fort Atkinson, in Wisconsin, they struck across the
country to the Wisconsin, thence to the Mississippi, in
tending to recross that streara near the raouth of the
Bodax, and return to Iowa. But at that point they
were overtaken and severely punished. During the cam
paign Mr. Dixon's intimate knowledge of the country, and
of the character and habits of Ihe Indian race, enabled hira
lo render important services to the counlry. This seems to
have been appreciated, and lo have gained for hira the
personal friendship and esteera of sorae gentlemen whose
subsequent career has given thera a world-wide reputation.
Araongst these were Colonel Baker, who was killed in the
early part of the rebellion ; Albert Sidney Johnston, Zachary
Taylor, Robert Anderson (afterwards the hero of Sumter),
Jefferson Davis, Abraham Lincoln, General Winfi.eld Scott,
and others. He entered the land upon which the raost
valuable part of the (now) city of Dixon stands, and in
1835 laid it off into town lots. In this connection it raay
not be iniproper-to say that all the lands thus subdivided
were disposed of from lirae to tirae, and the avails, instead
of being hoarded for individual use, have gone to build up
the general interests of Ihe city. In 1838, when the general
systera of internal improvements in the Slate was adopted by
the Legislature, and a vacancy, occasioned by the dealh of
Colonel Stevenson, occurred in the State Board of Corarais
sioners, he was appointed by Governor Duncan to fill the
vacancy, and subsequently elecled by the Legislature a
perraanent meraber of the Board ; and although subsequent
experience showed ihat the Stale had undertaken too much,
resulting in failure, careful investigation manifested Ihe fact
Ihat the business of the State Board had been honestly and
faithfully executed. In 1840 Mr. Dixon visited Washington
wilh an application for the removal of the land office from
Galena to Dixon, and General Scott, and perhaps other
army officers, personal friends of Mr. Dixon, who had be
corae farailiar with the topography of the country during

ago

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

the Black Hawk war, promptiy interested themselves in his
behalf, and introduced hira to President Van Buren, who at
once signed the order for its removal. Of his domestic
life it is becoraing to make but bare mention here. His
wife, fomierly Rebecca Sherwood, of Nevv York, a lady of
superior mental capacity and energy, shared wilh her hus
band the toils and privations incident to frontier life, and
exerted a moral and religious influence which will be felt in
that region for all time. She, with all her children, ten in
number, has passed away. Mr. Dixon has novv living
thirty grandchildren and great-grandchildren, has lived to
the age of ninety-one, is in good health, has witnessed the
growth of the " Feny " frora a condition of wild grass and
shrubbery to that of a busy city of five thousand inhabitants,
bearing his own honored name, is happy in the society of
his daughter-in-law, Mrs. John W. Dixon, and her family
and in the esteem of his feUow-citizens.

g ARNES, IRA NORTON, M. D., of Decatur, Illi
nois, was born at Claremont, New Harapshire, on
the igth of Deceraber, i82g. His falher, Ira
Norton Barnes, was a representative New Eng
land farraer, and being industrious and closely
attentive to his business, he managed to draw
frora among the rocks of his native State a corafortable sup
port for his large faraily. The raother of Dr. Barnes,
Harriet Eastman Baraes, was a raeraber of the old Eastman
family frora which sprung Daniel Webster and olher distin
guished characters. When Dr. Barnes was only three
months of age, his father received a severe scald while
boiling maple syrup, which resulted in his death after a few
days. The early years in the Ufe of Dr. Barnes were spent
at Clareraont. After obtaining a good education in the
acaderaies of his native town and of Springfield, Vermont,
he began Ihe study of medicine and pharraacy with W. M.
Ladd, M. D., of Claremont. He reraained in the drug
store of Dr. Ladd several years, and then he determined
upon a collegiate course of sludy. After two years spent in
preparation at Kimball Union Academy, he entered Dart
mouth College in 1 851, and giadtiated therefrora in 1855,
with the degree of A. B. The foUowing year was spent in
the drug business vvith his brother, Dr. W. A. Barnes, at
Decatur, Illinois. He Ihen reraoved to Jackson, MissLssipjii,
where he taught a select school and read medicine with Dr.
S. C. Farrar. In 1858 he received the degree of A. M.
from Dartraouth College, and attended his first course of
medical lectures at Hanover, New Harapshire, and con
tinued his raedical studies under the tuition of Prof Dixi
Crosby. He spent Ihe suraraer of l85g in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, attending the clinics at the various hospitals,
and in the auluran of the .same year he malrictdated at Ihe
Jefferson Medical College. In 1861 he returned lo Phila
delphia and attended his last course of lectures, and gradu

ated at the Jefferson school in March, 1862. Immediately
after graduation, he located at Decatur, Illinois, and formed
a partnership with Dr. E. W. Moore. His business grew
rapidly, and was already in a flourishing condition when, in
1863, he was ajipoinled and commissioned as Surgeon of
the Il6lh Regiraent Illinois Volunteers. In 1864 he vvr.s
appointed Surgeon-in-Chief of the 2d Divdsion, 15th Army
Corps, and in 1865 was placed in charge of the Division
Hospital. Pie was wdlh his regiraent when, as part of the
array of the Tennessee, it participated in the battles around
Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Allanla, and in the various olher
engageraents of that section of the country. After marching
with Sherman to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas
and Virginia to Washington, District of Columbia, he was
mustered out wilh his regiraent near the laller city. After
Ihe close of the war Dr. Barnes resumed his jiractice in
Decatur wilh his former partner, Dr. E. Vv'. Moore. The
business of this firm has steadily increased, until now they
are the acknowledged leaders of the medical fraternity in
the section in which they practise. Dr. Barnes is a member
of the Slate Medical Society, and also ofthe medical .societies
of the county and city in vvhich he resides. Plis genial and
buoyant temperaraent renders him peculiarly acceptable in
the sick-room. He seems to infuse sorae cf his own hearti
ness into his patients, and these are often heard to remark
that his encouraging sraile seeras to begin the cure even
before raedicine is administered. On the 25th of Septem
ber, 1861, he was married to Diantha G. Sargent, of Clare-
raonl, New Hampshire.

UFF, ANDREW D., Judge, Lawyer, was bom in
Bond county, Illinois, January 24lh, 1S20. His
father, a native of Georgia, and his mother, a na
tive of South Carolina, were among the pioneers
and settlers of Illinois, having eraigrated to this
Stale, then a Territory, in 1S09. Iiis earlier edu
cation w.as acquired in the common schools of his native
Stale. His first essay in life was in the capacity cf school
teacher, and he was occupied at this vocation during 1842-
43. In the following year he turned his attention to farra
ing and agricultural pursuits, and reraained thus employed
until 1847. He then, at the instance of Judge Denning,
moved to Benton, Illinois, and there, having decided to
erabrace the legal profession, began the study of law. In
May, 1847, his counly failing to raise a quota of soldiers for
assistance in the jiroseculion of the war wdlh Mexico, he
went to a neighboring county, and enUsted as a private,
serving in the ranks until the final temiination of the con
flict. On his return from the field he resuraed the study of
lavv, and, under the supervision and able guidance of Judge
Denning, rajiidly fitted himself to pass the required exami
nation, and in 1850 vvas admitted to the bar. Prior to this,
in 1849, he vvas elected County Judge of Franklin counly,
being the first elecled to that office under the constitution

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

2gi

of 1848. That position he filled during the ensuing four
years, conducting hiraself vvith irapartiality and marked abiU
ty. At the expiration of his term of service, he entered upon
the active practice of his jirofession, and in the possession of
an extensive and remunerative clientage continued profession
ally occupied until June, 1861. At this dale he was elected
tc the judgeship of the Twenty-sixth Circuit, coraposed
of the counties of Franklin, Johnson, Saline and Williamson,
vvhich position vvas occupied by him during the following
six years. In November, 1 86 1, he vvas elecled a member
ofthe Constitutional Convention frora the district corajiosed
of the counties of Jackson and Franklin, and served as
Chairman of the Coiiiniitlee on Judicial Circuits vvith that
body until its dissolution, assuraing a prominent and leading
position, and evincing the possession of sterling abilities and
an inflexible resolution to carry his principles and designs
to speedy and successful issues. In June, 1867, he vvas re
elected Judge of Ihe Twenty-sixth Circuit, Ihen extended by
the addition of the counties of GaUatin and Plardin. His
term of service expiring in 1873, he reraoved to Carbondale,
which is now his home, allhough the regret attending his
deparlure from Benton, previously his home for twenty-six
years, was widespread and sincere. In politics, from the
date of the attainment of his majority until 187 1, he was a
zealous and valued supporter of the Plemocralic jiarty, and
upon every available occasion devoted his energy and
talents to the furtherance of its prosperity. Since the latler
dale, however, he has freed himself from that attachraent to
his parly, acknowledges the influence of no special jiolitical
organization, and casts his vole only for those vvho he be
lieves will, irrespective of parly interesls, labor vvell and
honestly for the public good. At an early date he espoused
the cause of teraperance, and notwdthslanding that his course
interfered with his advancement as a public man — for al
that time temperance advocates were looked upon vvith
great disfavor throughout southern Illinois — he never hesi-
t.ited to avow openly his views on the liquor question, and
sustain the cause now become so po' ular. Upon ihe jn-o-
posed organization of a Law Deparlment of the Southern
Illinois Normal University, the chair in that institution was
tendered to him, but this honor he declined. In all Ihat
relates to the advancement, social and political, of his Slate
and counly, he is an efficient coadjutor, and has aided im
portantly in the vvork of developing their resources, natural
and acquired. He vvas married in 1845 to Mary EUza
Powell.

lOWN, JAMES B., Editor and Proprietor of Ihe
Galena (Illinois) Gazette, was bora in Gilmanlon,
Belknap county. New Harapshire, Septeraber isl,
1S33. His parenls were Jonathan Brown and
Mary Ann (Clough) Brown. His falher vvas for
two terms representative in the Legislature of
New Harapshire. and also chief officer of his town, or

" Selectraan," for a period of seven years. Pie was educated
at the Gilraanton Academy, located in his native place, and
upon the terminalioii of his preparatory course of studies,
studied medicine for some tirae, tinder the preceptorship of
the celebrated anatomist. Dr. Wight. Eventually, however,
he relinquished his medical studies, and did not graduate.
In 1857 he removed to the West, and settied in Dunleith,
Illinois, where he becarae Principal of the schools. Sub
sequently, in i83i, he vvas elecled Counly Superintendent
of Jo Daviess county, serving throughout the term of three
years. In 1863 he removed to Galena, and became proprie
tor of the Galena Gazette, a weekly, tri-weekly, and daily
newspaper, by purchasing the entire interests in that journal
of PL H. Houghton, the preseni postmaster of Galena.
The Gazette, established in 1834, has never missed the pub
lication of a single number since its birth, and is novv the
oldest surviving newspaper in the State of Illinois. Ils
editor and proprietor is a man of recognized energy and
ability, and an honored citizen of Galena. He was raarried
in 1858 to Elizabeth Shannon of Gilraanton, New Harap
shire.

OLTWOOD, REV. PROFESSOR HENRY L.,
Piincipal of the Princeton High School, was born
in Araherst, Massachusetts, January I7lh, 1831.
He was the son of William Boltwood, of an old
New England faraily in very hurable circura
slances, and was brought up on a farm. He
worked hard to secure an education, first at Araherst Acad
eray, and then at Araherst College, where he graduated in
1853. He then entered upon the profession of teaching,
and taught acaderaies in Liraerick, Maine; in Pembroke
and Derry, New Hampshire ; and the high schools in
Palmer and Lawrence, Massachusetts. In 1863 -he was in
business as a chemist, in Nevv York city, from which he
went into the service of the United Slates Sanitary Com
mission, and served for about a year in the Department of
the Gulf He had been licensed to preach in 1857, but
was not ordained until 1864, whUe in New Orleans. He
expected to become chaplain of the United Stales Colored
Infanlrv, but the war vvas drawdng to a close, and he was
never mustered in. In August, 1805, he took charge of the
graded schools in Griggsville, Pike county, Illinois, where
he remained for two years. He was then called to take
charge of a new Pligh School in Princeton, Bureau counly,
Illinois, where he is novv engaged upon his ninlh year's
service. The school is distinct and different from the or
dinary high school, and has no connection wdlh the other
public schools of tiie jilace. Il has been planned mostly
after his own ideas, has been fostered by such citizens as
Owen Lovejoy and John PI. Bryant, and has prospered
greatiy. It is an instilulicm of a higher and more select
grade than an ordinary high school, and approaches raore
nearly perhaps to a serainary, its specialty being preparatoiy

2g2

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

work. He was married to Helen E. Field, of Chariemont,
Massachusetts, in 1855. During his long residence al
Princeton, and his connection wilh this school, he has ac
quired a wide and envi.able reputation in all educational
matters throughout the Slate, being called to different points
to conduct conventions, etc. ; while, as a clergyman, his
services are in frequent requisition, bolh in the home pulpits
and in those of the surrounding country, where he is looked
upon as an earnest and useful preacher. He is also author
of a text book, called " Boltwood's English Gramraar.''

JURNHAM, EDWIN R., Wholesale Druggist, wa^
born in Woodville, Jefferson county, Nevv York,
March 25lh, 1833, being Ihe son of Edwin Burn
ham, who preceded him in Ihe wholesale drug
business in Chicago. Plis mother vvas Elizabeth
K. Weeks, the daughter of a jirominent .Sweden
borgian clergyman frora Massachusetts. Pie has two bro
thers, Daniel being a leading architect of Chicago, and
Lewis being engaged in .business with hira. Plis early edu
cation was conducted at a select school, and under Ihe
supervision of an excellent private tutor in Boston. He
entered his father's slore, vvhich dealt in general counlry
merchandise, at the age of fourteen years, and acted in the
capacity of clerk until nineteen. Pie then removed to
Philadelphia, and engaged for two years with his uncle in
laying patent roofing in Philadeljihia and Ihe States of
Pennsylvania and Delaware. At the expiration of this tirae
he went to Chicago to act as bookkeeper in the firra of
Sears, Smith & Co., the oldest drug house in that city, and
of which his father had already becorae a raember, having
in Ihe meantime reraoved West. He reraained as book
keeper for eight years, and actually, during Ihe latter portion
of this lirae, becarae the financial raanager of the establish
ment, in vvhich capacity he gave more conclusive proofs of
his business capacity. On May 2gth, 1856, he vvas married
to Mary D. Lasscelle, of Alexandria, Jefferson county, New
York. In 1863 he vvas adrailted as partner in the firm of
Burnham & Smith, and in 1870 this firra vvas changed to
E. Burnham & Son. His vvife died in i86g, and on May
18th, 1871, he vvas married to Susan Wood, niece of ex-
Goveraor John Wood, of Quincy, Illinois. On September
28th, 1874, his father died, the firm having, about three
months prior lo this event, been changed to ils present title
of E. Burnham, Son & Co. In 1868 the establishment vvas
burned out, and again by the terrible conflagriation of 1871 ;
but with dauntless energy on the part of its managers, vvas
a third lirae reared into raore coraraanding prorainence Ihan
ever before. During the first year of his falheris partnership
in the house, its business araounled lo ^150,000. Under
the exercise of industrious enterprise, keen business capacity
and honorable integrity in all ils coraraercial relations, ils

transactions have increased rapidly and most profitably. It
is now one of the largest and raost reUable drug houses in
the West, wilh business relations which coraprise all ihat
section which lies between Detroit and the Rocky Moun
tains. Its transactions now aggregate in value over ^800,-
000 a year. Mr. Burnham has one son by his first wife,
who is novv learning the business with him, and a daughter
and son by his second wife. He is a man of sound judg
ment, of irreproachable integrity, whose fine executive
ability has built up for his establishraent the very large and
flourishing trade it novv enjoys. He is a raan of much
public spirit, and of social qualities, and is esteemed by the
community in vvhich he resides.

ALE, JUDGE M. G., Lawyer, vvas born in Lan
caster Ciiy, Lancaster counly, Pennsylvania,
November 30lh, 1S14. His grandfather, Plon.
.Sarauel Dale, known as a prominent and active
advocate of colonial rights, enjoyed successively
a seat as representative and as senator of the State
of Pennsylvania for twenty successive years. His falher,
also Samuel Dale, vvas a noted member of Ihe representative
body of the Legislalure of Pennsylvania, served efficiently
in the capacity of colonel in ihe war of 1814, and vvas a
judge of the Courts of Common Pleas and Oyer and Ter
rainer of Lancaster counly, Pennsylvania, from i8ig to
1842. His raother was daughter of Michael Gundaker, a
well-known raerchant-prince of Lancaster City, in the same
State. Pie was the recipient of a thorough general and
classical education, acquired at the Pennsylvania College,
from which institution he graduated in 1835, delivering the
Latin salulalory of that year. Subsequently deciding lo
embrace the legal profession, he entered upon a course of
studies in the lavv office of Judge Charajmeys, corapleted his
professional education under the able preceptorship of ihat
legist, and in 1837 vvas admitted a member of the Lancaster
bar. In 1838, vvhile travelling in Illinois, he was eraployed
as counsel in various suits in Bond counly, in the south
western central jiart of the State, and eventually opened a
law office in Ihis section. In the course of the ensuing
year he vvas elecled Probate Judge, and subsequently
County Judge, the duties of which offices he attended to, sus
taining also his general jiraclice of law, during his fourteen
years' residence in that county. In 1844 he was elecled
and commissioned Major of militia, a post whose functions
he performed with tact and efficiency. In 1846-47, the era
of bank failures, scarcity of money, and financial disaslers,
when the Stale of Illinois was hampered with an ovei'r
whelraing debt, the result of her extensive operations and
investments in railroad enterprises, the repudiation of the
Slate debt was earnestiy and skilfully advocated in many
quarters, and by men of acknowledged financial skill and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

293

discernment. Pie, however, foreseeing the ultimate disas
ters and deraoralization that would, sooner or later, arise
frora such a laraentable raeasure, warmly and powerfully
denounced the systera of repudiation as suicidal, unnecessary
and dishonorable, exposed the sophistry and faUacious rea
sonings of his adversaries on that vital point, and contended
that, great as was the debt, a filling syslein of reform and
relreiichnient could be successfully inaugurated, which
would assure the payment of the entire sura, and accora
plish this, also, wilh light taxation. In 1847 * Slate Con
stitutional Convention was called, of which he was elecled
a raeraber. While co-operating wilh that body, he labored
zealously and effectively to secure the adojilion of those
reform measures, which finally enabled Ihe State of Illinois
to discharge her large indebtedness within a remarkably
short space of tirae. He was a member of the Legislative
Commillee, also, later, of the Committee on Internal Im
provements, and, at the close of the session, was appointed
one of the commillee lo jirepare the address of the con
vention lo the peojile of the Stale. In 1853 he resigned the
office of county judge, to accept that of Register of the
United States Land Office at Edwardsville, Madison county,
to which he had been appointed by President Pierce. In
1857 he w.is elected Counly Judge of Madison county, and
filled this position for a term of eight years. He was after
ward appointed by Judge Breese Master in Chancery, con
tinuing in that office during the terms of Judge Breese, and
also of his successor. Judge Snyder. For more than thirty
successive years he has been an officer under the coramon
school law of the Stale of Illinois, and is now President of
the Board of Education of the city of Edwardsville, Madi
son county. He was married in May, iS4g, at Vandalia,
Fayette county, Illinois, to Margaret M. Ewing, whose
falher, General L. D. Ewing, had been governor of the
Slate of Illinois, and also senator from the sarae Stale to the
Senate of the Uniled States. Her grandfathers. Finis Ewing
and Colonel E. C. Berry, were respectively one of the
founders and most prominent supporters of the Curaberland
Presbyterian Church and auditor of the State. His faraily
consists of three sons, all living; his eldest son, Ewing
Dale, a physician of talent and proraise, died in 1873.

jOSKOTEN, ROBERT, M. D., was born in Mett-
raann, Prussia, February 5th, 1816. His father,
George Roskoten, was a manufacturer. While
in his childhood, he reraoved, wdlh his faraily, to
a central part of Gerraany, and there acquired his
education in a neighboring classical school. At
the corapletion of his allotted course of studies, he left that
establishment, and after devoting most of his lime to privale
literary pursuits for several years, became a student at the
University of Jena, where he prosecuted the study of raedi
cine, graduating in 1848. He was subsequently engaged in

the active practice. of his profession in Germany for one
year, and at the expiralion of that time carae to the United
Stales in i84g. He was there professionally occupied until
1850, vvhen he left New York, and, proceeding westward,
settled in Peoria, Illinois. He is an honored meraber of the
Peoria City- Medical Associalion, also of the Illinois Slate
Medical Associ.ation, and of Ihe Araerican Medical Asso
cialion. Pie has been a School Director of Peoria, and at
the present time officiates as President of the Peoria Free
German School. For sorae tirae also he was a raember of
the Board of Medical Examiners of the Stale of Illinois,
and was afterwards proraoted and comraissioned by the
United Slates governraent as Brigade-.Surgeon, went inlo
the field and served actively and efficientiy for a period of
twelve months. In the battle of Shiloh a horse was killed
tinder hira, and the concoraitant shock brought on a heraor-
rhage of the lungs, which, affecting his heallh seriously, vvas
the direct cause of his resignation and resumption of civil
functions. With the exception of the space of time thus
spent in a medico-mililary capacity, he has practised con
tinuously and with great success in Peoria for nearly tvvenly-
five years.

EDDICK, HON. WILLIAM, Merchant, Capi
talist, Farmer, etc., was born in the counly of
Down, Ireland, in October, i8ll, on Hallow
Eve. Iri 'his second year his parents eraigrated
to Araerica, settling in Zanesville, Ohio, where
his father engaged in the salt works. The lat
ler, Jaraes Reddiek, was a north-of-Ireland Presbyterian,
ofthe raost excellent character, and was earnest in securing
for his children not only a sound raoral training, but as
thorough an education as his raeans would permit. To his
instruction and blameless life may be ascribed the principles
of probity, industry and temperance which have been the
distinguishing traits of his son's career, and to which his
success is due. When Williara was nine years of age his
falher died, and the faniily vvere very soon placed in strait
ened circurastances. He was apprenticed in the business of
glass-blowdng in Zanesville, beginning with a compensation
of four doUars a ratmth. He continued steadUy al this vo
cation, and when twenty years of age was married to Eliza
C. Collins, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, where he had
some tirae before gone to finish his trade. Pie resided here
two years, and then reraoved to Washington, District of
Columbia, where he engaged in glass-blowing for two years.
While at work in Washington, he raade a sturdy effort lo
acquire a substantial education He studied during the
evenings and during Ihe long period when the fires of the
glass works reraained extinguished. He was an apt scholar,
making rapid progress in his laudable efforts, and attaining,
for the period of his application, an unusual degree of pro
ficiency. Having followed his trade without interruption for
fourteen years, he relinquished it at last in 1835, when he re^

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

moved to La Salle county, lUinois, and commenced farming.
1 Ie did not abate, any further than vvas absolutely neces-
s.ai'y, his apjilication to his books, and has, ever since his first
self-suggested efforts, continued reading the productions of
the very best authors, and has acquired a very comprehensive
and practical knowledge of the arts and sciences, and a tho
rough insight into history and the progress of civil affairs. In
1838 he was elecled Sheriff of La Salle counly, and moved
into Ottawa, the county-seal. For eight years he was suc
cessively re-elected to this office. In 1846 he was elected
to the Senate of Illinois frora his district, on the Deraocratic
ticket, serving a terra of two years, when, upon its expira
tion, he was re-elected for a term of four years. In 1854
he ojiened a store for Ihe sale of general merchandise in
Ollawa, under the firm-name of Reddiek & Hurlbut.
After a continuance of this partnership business for three
years, Mr. Hurlbut withdrew, and Mr. Reddiek carried it
on alone for eleven years, then took into parlnership H. J.
Gillen, and in 1S72 sold out his interest to this gentleman.
In 1S70 ihe Democrats of his section, who had never been
able to elect their candidates since Mr. Reddiek had with
drawn from politics and engaged exclusively in privale
pursuits, now cast about for a standard-bearer whom it was
jiossible to jilace in office. The temperance people, like
wise in the minority, were looking about for the same pur-
jiose. Mr. Reddiek, a jilain, hard-working, upright citizen,
grounded firmly in the principles of temperance and stand
ing in Ihe very best repute in the counly, vvas ihe only man
who could successfully lead a forlorn hope against the strong
ojiposition. Pie, indeed, was Ihe only man who could carry
the Irish vote, in which that section was particularly strong.
He consented lo become again a candidate, and entered the
fighl, carrying the strongholds of the liquor interest, not
withstanding his anli-Iiquor sentiments, and securing his
return to his old seat in the Stale Senate. With consistency
to his often-announced declarations, he novv set about fram
ing a State Teraperance Law, based upon that in vogue in
Ohio', which limited the sale of liquor under heavy restric
tions and penalties. This was passed in the Senate by his ar
guments and influence, and became what is now popularly
known as Reddick's Teraperance Law. When his terra of
service was concluded, he returned to his extensive private
business at Ottawa. He is now, as he has ever been since
his advent in La SaUe county, an agriculturalist on a very
large scale, owning and conducting several large and very
fine farms in various townships. He was sujiervisor of
Ottawa for several years, and in 1848 was appointed by the
Stale authorities as one of the Canal appraisers. He vvas
one of the originalors of the Ottawa Glass .Works, and vvas
the first President of the IlUnois River Bridge Company,
whose office is in Ottawa, and superintended Ihe construc
tion of that great public improvement. Pie has been identi
fied all along wilh the leading public enterprises of that
section, aud has earned the sincere respect and commenda
tion ef a community vvhich, in various capacities., he has

devotedly served. He is a plain and unpretentious citizen,
with remarkably fine ability bolh as a merchant and general
business man, and as a representative of the people. He
has araassed a very large fortune, and has attained by his
energy and probity in all departraents of his individual
career a position in the rank of leading men of the State.

'•^iflRAINARD, DANIEL, was bora May 15th, 1812,
at Whitesboro', Oneida counly, Nevv York. He
was a descendant of the Daniel Brainard who
from England settled at Haddara, Connecticut,
about the year 1662. Daniel Brainard received
his early education at the acaderay or high school
of Whitesboro', where, as well as at Rorae, Nevv York, he
undertook his first raedical studies. Shortly afterwards he
attended courses of lectures at Fairfield and at Jefferson
CoUege, Philadelphia, and graduated at the latter in the
spring of 1834. After spending two years in private sludy,
he vvas engaged to deliver a course of lectures on anatomy
and physiology at the Oneida Institute, after which, in
August, 1836, he carae to Chicago to establish hiraself per
raanentiy. In 1839 he went lo Paris, where he studied at
the medical school for three years, after vvhich he resumed
his practice in Chicago. After giving a course of lectures
at Sl. Louis, he, together wilh other prorainent physicians,
founded Rush Medical College at Chicago, of which Dr.
Brainard reniained President and Professor of Surgery until
his death. He raarried Evelyn Height, February 6th, 1845.
In 1852 he again visited Paris, where he obtained permis
sion to use the jioisonous serpents in the museum of the
Jardin des Plantes, for the purpose of experimenting on
the cure of poisoned wounds. The result of his experiments
was his advocacy of the treatment of poisoned wounds or
unhealthy inflammation by alterative injections, by which he
acquired considerable reputation, and vvas made a member
of the Society of Surgery of Paris, and a corresponding
member of the Medical Society of the Canton of Geneva.
After his return to America, he rose rapidly lo prominence
in his Jirofession, and soon occupied a position as a surgeon
second to none in the Northwest. In 1854 he received the
prize at Ihe meeting of the Medical Society at Sl. Louis for
his essay on the treatment of ununited fractures for the cure
of false joint by subcutaneous jierforation. He died of
cholera at Chicago on the loih of October, 1866. He left
two children, JuUa and Edwin Brainard. Daniel Brainard
was gifted vvith remarkable energy and perseverance, which,
supported by an iron conslilution and powerful frame, en
abled him to undertake and execute his mo.st laborious
course of study and practice. His acquirements were not
limited lo Ihe knowledge of his own profession. He was
known as well for his mastery of other branches of science.
In geology and botany he w.as well versed. In literature
and art he vvas accomplished, and to ihem his leisure was

J/ S^yv^^^^^L /luUyO^--^C^^-^<^6 .

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCIOPEDIA.

295

especiaUy devoted. As a lecturer of great raethod and
clearness he acquired -a wide reputation, and taking an
active interest in all public events he becarae vvell known
as a public speaker. His manner was dignified and
measured. In appearance he was tall and heavily built ;
his head was large and finely shaped, and his eye keen and
penetrating. In thoroughness and profundity of knowledge
in his profession, and in the various departments of science
which he pursued ; in his comprehensive grasp of all ques
tions vvhich came under his observation ; in clearness of
thought and of exjiression'; in liberality of views and di
versity of accomplishments, Daniel Brainard stood perhaps
without a rival in the Northwest. He was respected as an
eminent and competent authority on any matter which fell
within the range of his most varied attainments.

I^PENCER, JOHN WINCPIELL, a Pioneer Settier
of Illinois, was born in Vergennes, Addison
county, Verraont, July 25th, 1801. His parents
were Calvin Spencer and Ruth (Hopkins)
Spencer. He received a coraraon school educa
tion and was raised on a farm. Having passed
his early years at home he started, on Septeraber 4th, 1820,
for Illinois, driving a two-horse teara for a gentleraan
naraed Brush. Having an uncle in St. Louis, Missouri, he
crossed the Mississippi river and arrived in that city on
October 25th of the same year. This city had then only
about 25,000 inhabitants. By reason of the fact of Missouri
having become a slave Slate, his uncle and a number of
the olher early settlers vvere then on the point of leaving il
for free soil. Early in the fall of 1820 he and a number
of his neighbors had visited the Illinois river country, and
had made selections of farms about thirty railes from that
river's mouth, at a settieraent which is now known as
Bluffdale ; and in order to hold these lands they vvere cora-
jielled to inijirov^e them, which they did, and then returned
to Missouri. On December Ist, 1820, in company with
his cousin, Mr. Spencer started for the Illinois river, where
these claims had been entered under the land laws of Ihe
.State, and upon arriving there they completed a log cabin
on one of the tracts vvhich vvas only half built. They vvere
compelled to turn their horses loose at night, and in hunt
ing for them one morning he encountered a bear, and
chased him over the prairie bottom, driving him up to the
cabin, where he was shot. This is only a sample of the
adventures which were common in that then newly opened
countiy. About 1826 Ihere vvas great excitement in regard
to Ihe lead mines of the Upper Mississippi, and in 1827,
wdlh the intention of trying his fortune in that mineral
region, he made his w.ay lo Ihem, returning late in the
suramer. In the fall of 1828 he reraoved to Morgan
counly, twelve miles from Jacksonville, and soon after
started- out to ascertain if the, Indians under the celebrated

Black Hawk had gone away from Rock Island, vvhere
they had established a village, and found that they had left
for their usual winteris hunt. On the 20lh of December
of Ihe same year he arranged lo carry the mail lo Galena,
where the miliiary on frontier service were stationed, for
five dollars. He started on foot, carrying skates to increase
the rapidity of his progress on the rivers, and during the
day fell in wilh a parly of Winnebagoes while skating over
a large pond. The savages were highly pleased wilh this
manner of locomotion. He was overtaken by darkness
while out on the prairie, and in trying to start a fire lo thaw
out his neariy frozen limbs, wilh powder, narrowly escaped
losing the sight of both eyes by the explosion, pie eventu
ally, after many mishaps and adventures, reached Ihe fort
at Rock Island, bringing wdth him the news of the election
of General Jackson to the Presidency, and during the sarae
night witnessed an Indian war dance by a band that had
just executed vengeance on their enemies, the Oinahas.
He executed this postal mission according lo his agreement,
vvhich compensated hira raore by the experience it gave hira
than it did pecuniarily. In the fall of 1828 he made a selection
of a farm at Rock Island, and raoved from Morgan county,
meeting upon his arrival at the former place Black Hawk
and a brother warrior. The Indians settled in the vicinity
and coraraenced the peaceful pursuit of agriculture. Mr.
Spencer soon after became well acquainted vvith Black
Hawk, whora he describes as having been a strict temper
ance man, and relates that on one occasion he and a few
of his braves visited a log-cabin saloon in the settieraent
and stove in all the barrels of whiskey. The Indians in
the vicinity were Ihe Sauks and Foxes, and in his " Remin
iscences " Mr. Spencer gives an inleresling description of
pioneer life, vvhich includes sketches of Ihe battles between
these savages and the .Sioux and Menorainees. Differ
ences occtirred between the whites and the various tribes,
but the tirae up to the close of 1830 passed off wilh com
parative tranquillity. The year 1831 opened a new era.
The Indians, vvho had gone off on Iheir wdnter hunts, re
turned in large nurabers wilh less of that pacific spirit lo
the settlers vvhich they had previously shown, and Black
Hawk gave the latter to understand that after the ensuing
season they must raove south of Rock river, or above
Pleasant Valley, declaring that the district between these
two points should be exclusively occupied by his brelhren.
This offensive raove made it necessary for Mr. Spencer and
his friends lo cast about for protection. They had, in vain,
petitioned the Governor of the Slate for aid in 1829, and
they now again tried an appeal of Ihe same nalure. Il was
effectual this lirae, and "old General Gaines," then at
Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, was summoned to drive the
Indians out of the State of Illinois. General Gaines
arrived at Rock Island wdlh a force of only five hundred
raen, and to him Mr. Spencer proposed raising a company
of" Rock River Rangers," and Ihe proposition was reaoiiy
accepted. The company, numbering fifty-eight men, vvas

296

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

mustered into service June 5th, 1831, Mr. Spencer being
First Lieutenant. Gaines' troops increased by sixteen hun
dred men, who rendezvoused at Beardslown, and the steam
boat " Winnebago " was fitted up, a cannon on its bow,
and manned by a company. This additional force was
raised by the Governor, and it soon joined Gaines' troops
at Rock Island. This mobilized command under that
officer inaugurated the war against Black Hawk. The
men encamped near Mr. Spencer's farm, carried off the
rails which surrounded his farm for fuel, and caused him
the loss of his crop of corn and potatoes for that year. In
a short time a treaty was concluded with Black Hawk that
the Indians should stay on the west side of tiie Mississippi,
and that the government should give them as rauch corn as
they could have raised that year if not disturbed from their
lands on the olher side. Mr. Spencer and Rinnah Wells
were commissioned to make this estimate, which amounted
to several thousand bushels. Thus ended this season's
operations. In 1833 Ihe Indians violated their agreement
by crossing the river to the Illinois side, and General At
kinson was sent from Jefferson Barracks to drive thera
back. Mr. Spencer went scouting for the savages, and
met Seoskuk, Black Hawk's son, who spoke to him, but
refused to declare his intentions regarding the further
movement of the tribe. Upon his return General Atkinson
sent him with a despatch to the frontier settleraents, warn
ing thera of an irapending conflict, and he safely executed
this dangerous mission. The regiment, reinforced by
eighteen hundred raounted men collected by the Governor,
coraraenced their offensive raarch up Rock river. These
troops were officered by General Atkinson, Colonel Zachaiy
Taylor, aftervvards President of the Uniled States, Captain
Abraham Lincoln, who filled and by an assassin's blow
died in the same high office, Captain, and subsequentiy
Major General, Harney and others. Then succeeded the
most sanguinaiy period of the Black Hawk War, the result
being Ihal the Sauks and Foxes vvere forced far up into the
northwest, where they fell inlo the clutches of their
merciless eneraies, the Sioux, and large nurabers were
massacred. The final battle of the war was fought at Bad
Axe, on the Mississippi, and Black Hawk surrendered to
the Winnebagoes, who brought him o prisoner to Prairie
du Chien. Mr. Spencer obtained a good deal of the land
on which the eity of Rock Island is now built, and as the
place advanced disposed of it to considerable advantage.
When the county of Rock Island vvas organized, in 1833,
he becarae one of the first Board of County Coraraissioners,
a body novv known as the Board of Supervisors. In 1841
he built the first dam at Moline; in the sarae year he also
started a saw and a flour mill at that place. He was
elected a member of the Stale Constitutional Convention
in 1847, and in 1849 the Counly Judge, being the first
appointed. In 1852 he became chief proprietor and man
ager of the feny between Rock Island and Davenport, on
the Mississippi, which in Ihose days, before Ihe bridge was

built across the river, vi'as a very valuable property. He is
still part owner of it, but it is now a very different properly.
As may be inferred from what has thus far been said, he
was one of the prominent pioneer settlers in the north
western section of Illinois. His indomitable bravery and
daring spirit made him conspicuous in the border wars, and
earned him that high esteem which he has always retained.
He has ever since these early seasons of Indian war, and
their exciting episodes, confined himself to agricultural
pursuits, cultivating a large farm and amassing a com
petence. He supported many schemes for public improve
ments, and took no common interest in educational affairs.
In all matters relating to hiraself as a business man and
private citizen, he secured the respect of all who knew him
for his affable demeanor and sterling integrity. He has
been married twice; in 1828 to Louisa Case, of Morg.an
county, who died in 1833; in 1834 to Eliza Wilson, of
Greene county.

FRANGLE, GUSTAVUS A., Po.straaster of Au
rora, was born, March 22d, 1845, near Freiburg,
in the Grand Duchy of Baden. After the Revo
lution of 1848, when that counlry failed in its
efforts to becorae a republic, many of the
inhabitants who had been identified with the
movement to throw cff the monarchical yoke, and had be
come obnoxious to the ruling powers, found it necessary to
leave. Among thera was the father of Gustavus, Sebastian
Pfrangle, jirincipal of a school, who emigrated to the United
Slates, and landed at New York in 1853. He soon after
obtained a position in one of the select schools as Professor
of German, where he continued for two years. He then
removed to Chicago, where he obtained similar employment
in an acaderay of that city, and in the auturan of 1856 be
carae the Professor of German and of Music in the college
at Wheaton, where he remained until the fall of 1858. He
next effected an engagement wilh what was then the Clark
Seminary, at Aurora, to perform the same duties, and re
moved to that town, but prior to the commencement of his
engagement was taken sick and died. His son, Gustavus,
had been in the meantime under the immediate instruction
of his father, and had acquired much useful information,
including a knowledge of tbe country vvhere lie was sojourn
ing. After his father's dealh he attended the public school
in Aurora for about six months, at the expiration of which
time he entered the printing office of the Aurora Beacon,
with a view of learning the printing business; but in 1861
one of the proprietors, George S. Bangs, novv occupying
the importiant position of Superintendent of Railway Miail
Service ofthe Uniled Slates, was appointed Postmaster, and
took Gustavus, Ihen sixteen years of age, with him as clerk,
where, by his strict attention to his duties and his uniform
politeness, he soon won the respect and confidence of his
employer and of the public generally. In 1863, when but

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

297

eighteen years old, he was made Assistant Postmaster, and
retained that position until May 2d, 1873, when he was
commissioned Postmaster, vvhich office he still retains. He
was one of the originators in the organization known as the
Aurora Lecture Association, and is the President of the
same. He is also a Director of the Aurora Library Associ
ation, and was one of the early officers of the Aurora Sol
diers' Monument Association. A Republican by natural
instinct, he has for years been an efficient man in the ranks
of Ihe Republican parly, doing faithful and important work
for the sarae. He was at an early age one of the active
workers in the leading teraperance organization of the city,
and ever has been a leading spirit in all enterprises calcu
lated in any way to benefit the jieople or enhance the inter
ests of his city. Though a young raan yet, he has thus
early, through his industry, sobriety, perseverance, and
fidelity, been promoted to one of the most important local
offices in the gift of the general government ; a position to
which he was called by the unaniraous voice of his towns
raen, as expressed at an election. This office he now holds
to the entire satisfaction of the people.

fONES, WILLIAM, Merchant, was born on the
22d of October, I78g, in Charlemont, FrankUn
county, Massachusetts. At the age of nine years
he reraoved with his parents to Greenfield, Sara
toga county. New York, where his father died
five years later. At the age of nineteen he under
took to learn the trade of millwright, but he soon decided
Ihat he was not of a mechanical turn of raind, and resolved
to go West. He walked to Hanover, Chautauqua county.
New York, purchased a piece of nevv land, and earnestiy
went to vvork as a farmer. For five years he continued at
this, and Ihen his heallh failed him and he had to abandon
his farm. While living in Chautauqua county he raarried
Anna Gregory. While there, also, he vvas made Constable,
Collector, and Deputy Sheriff. In 1824 he removed to
Buffalo and tried the grocery business. This vvas not suc
cessful, however, and he accepted the position of light
house keeper at the mouth of Buffalo creek. This position
he held until Buffalo was incorporated as a city, and then
he was put at the head of the police force. He was also
the first Collector of Buffalo, and held the position for three
years. Then he started West again. He went, in the
summer of 1831, by steamboat to Detroit, thence by stage
to Ann Arbor, and thence by wagon to KaLamazoo. There
he took passage with a sraall party in a skiff for the moulh
of the St. Joseph, and frora there the party went by a bor
rowed conveyance to Elkhart, and thence Mr. Jones,
accompanied by a friend, went on horseback to Chicago,
arriving on the 1st of August, 1831. Chicago was then a
little huddle of shanties, populated by about three hundred
Frenchmen, Indians, and half-breeds. He stayed bul a
3S

short tirae, bul raade up his mind this liltie huddle was
going lo be a great city, so he relumed in February, 1832,
and purchased two lots. These are now on Lake and
South Water streets, midway between Dearborn and Clark
streets. Then he returned to Buffalo and reraained there
until the spring of 1834, vvhen he again visited Chicago and
built a store, and in 1835 went into business there, contin
uing to invest in real estate to the extent of his ability. In
1836 carae the panic; bttt although he suffered severely,
pluck and sagacity enabled him to win prosperity again,
and as the town grew he increased in wealth. He was one
of the first Justices of the Peace in Chicago, and was after
wards a member of the Coniinon Council. In the second
canvass for Mayor he vvas the Deraocratic candidate for
that office; but his bold, uncomproraising advocacy of the
temperance reform defeated hira. His faith in Chicago
was unfaltering from the first. He was Ihe first man to go
there with the sole purpose of buying real estate. He was
laughed at by the inhabitants for telling them Ihat their set
tlement would in twenty-five years be a city of fifty thou
sand inhabitants. He induced his friends to " buy lots in
Chicago and hold on to them," and vvas derided at a public
dinner in Buffalo for asserting that in twenty-five years
Chicago would have a. greater population than Buffalo.
From the first he vvas identified widi the best and most
substantial business interests of the city he helped to found.
He was one of the founders of the Chicago Orphan Asylum,
and a pioneer in the work of establishing the public school
systera, while he raight alraost be called Ihe founder of the
University Ihere. His characteristics have always been
calra deliberation, unfaltering perseverance, solid energy,
unblemished integrity, judicious kindliness, and substantial
public spirit. He has known affliction, for of his ten chil
dren two died in infancy and five others died of consump
tion just as they reached maturity ; while his brave, faithful,
and loving wife died in 1854; but his trials were borne
with the patient fortitude that so strongly characterized him.

|1 EED, REV. JAMES ARMSTRONG, D. D., was
born in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, May 22d,
1830. Plis parents are John Reed, attorney-at-
law of Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, and Eliza
(DonneUy) Reed, of YeUow Springs, Blair
counly, Pennsylvania. He graduated at the
Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, m 1856, and in l85g at the
Allegheny Theological Serainary. After leaving the latler
institution he resided for a period of six raonths at Cedar
Rapids, Linn county, Iowa. In i860 he was caUed to the
First Presbyterian Church of Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio.
In addition to pastoral labors of a very arduous nature in
this field, he was a prorainent raover and active co-operator
in the founding of the University of Wooster, and an en
feeblement of health resulting from the consequent severe

2g8

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

strain on his energies, mental and physical, obliged him to
resign his pastorate in iS68. He was then called to take
charge of Ihe Nevv York Avenue Church, at Washington
city. District of Columbia, during the last and ultimately
fatal illness of its excellent pastor, Dr. Gurley. He remained
in the capital during the progress of the trial for the im-
peachraent of Andrew Johnson, and later was called to
Danville, Pennsylvania, and also to Dubuque, Iowa; not
locating hiraself, however, until he received a call to the
First Presbyterian Church of Springfield, Illinois, in Novera
ber, 1869. A recent lecture delivered by him in reply to
Lanion's " Life of Lincoln," attracted considerable atten
tion and elicited many comraents and encoraiuras from all
parts of the counlry. It was eventually repealed, as a con
cession to pressing instances, in Washington, District of
Columbia, and at different places in the various States.
This lecture, inasterly in construction, able in detail, and
powerful as a whole, vvas published finaUy in July, 1873, in
" Scribner's Magazine." The title of D. D. he received in
August, 1874, from the Wooster University. He is a
scholar of very considerable acquirements, and as a clergy
man takes high rank, being distinguished by the liberality
ofhis views, the earnestness and ability ofhis pulpit efforts,
and the zeal and success with whieh all his clerical duties
are performed. He was married in May, 1859, to Cornelia
M. Ker, daughter of Plon. John Ker, of Huntingdon, Penn
sylvania.

»^REW, HON. CALVIN PL, Lawyer, was born in
Cleveland, Ohio. While in his early boyhood he
removed wdlh his parenls, Robert Frew and Anna
S. Frew, exemplaiy Presbyterbans, lo Northfield,
then to Putnam county, Ohio, and settled on a
farra, which was ultimately paid for by the aid of
his and his brother's labor. During the winter raonths he
attended the public school, and in Ihe summer season was
employed in laboring on the farm. Upon attaining his
seventeenth year he engaged in teaching, and rapidly se
cured the esteem of his fellow-townsmen by his studious
habits, his energy, and his efficiency. By teaching in the
winters he earned money to defray his educational expenses
during the suraraers at the Findley, Ohio, High School, and
Beaver Academy, Pennsylvania, except the last year, which
was spent in the Vermillion Institute, Ohio. In 1862 he
became the Principal of the High School of Kalida, by
raeans of which he paid his school indebtedness. There he
coraraenced the study of lavv with Hon. L Budd. In 1863
and 1864 he continued his legal studies wilh the firm of
Hon. Jas. Strain & A. Kidder, of Monmouth, Illinois, offi
ciating part of Ihe same tirae as Principal of the Union
School at Young Araerica. In the spring of 1865 he re
raoved lo Paxton, and in ihe same year was adraitted to the
bar by the Suprerae Court of Illinois, securing within a
reraarkably short period of tirae an extensive and luer<alive

praclice, and operating also in real estate. Early in 1S6S
he was urged to be a candidate for the Legislalure of Illi
nois for the district coraposed of Ford and Iroquois coun
ties. Pie at first declined Ihe proffered honor, but finally
was induced to acquiesce in the expressed and earnest
wishes of a large number of the leading Republicans cf that
day, and was put forward against B. F. Dye, an able man
and prorainent farraer residing near Paxton. His opjionent
employed every means to secure the delegates from Ford,
who were chosen by ballot at the primary election held by
Ihe Republicans of Ford for that purpose. A full vote was
out, anrl he won by three hundred and ninety-four to one
hundred and eighty-six. The campaign was then carried
into Iroquois county, and here again he was successful in
securing the delegate's, and on July 27th was nominated at
Gilman, in convention, by twenty-three votes to one for
Michael L. Sullivant, the great farmer of Ford county. The
opposition was not satisfied, and calling a people's conven
tion, norainated M. L. Sullivant, vvhile the Democrats put
into the field Micogah Stanley, of Watseka, thus making a
triangular conflict. Both of the opponents were men of
wealth and influence. The final result of the carapaign
was his election by a large majority over both Sullivant and
Stanley. Upon the assembling of the Legislature he was
appointed Chairraan of the Coramittee of EnroUed and En
grossed Bills of the House, and also Chairman of the Joint
Committee of the Senate and House of the same, and a
member of the Judiciary and Education Committee. In
speaking of his course while connected with those corarait
tees, the Republican of Watseka said : " The Hon. C. H.
Frew shows all the ingenuity and skill as a legislator of an
old raeraber, goes ahead of them all in industry, attending
proraptly to the business before the house, and working
eariy and late on the several committees of wdiich he is a
member. No young man in that body has a more promising
fulure before hira." While Ihe Gilman Journal, April
14th, t86g, says: " His energetic and faithful labors in the
interests of his constituency have secured for him Ihe appro
bation and confidence of his constituents." The Paxton
Record thus strongly endorses him : " One fact is recog
nized by the people of this legislative district : that no mem
ber acquitted himself wilh more credit to his constituents or
more ability, taking inlo consideration his experience in
bodies of that kind, nor filled so many jilaces of responsi
bility with perfect fidelity to his trusts. His votes will be
found in every instance in the interests of the people against
monopolies and in favor of the right. ' Well done, good
and faitiiful servant.' " The Legal News also paid him a
high compliment for his efficiency. He was subsequently
ihe choice of his district for Ihe Constitutional Convention.
Conceraing events and matters relating to that convention
and ils attendant carapaign, the remarks of The Record, of
November 6th, i86g, will throw much light: "The brief
lime elaps'ng between the noraination and election left no
lime for Mr. Frew to devote to his own, and but a slight

^ mf >-«^wi

^>^^22^^-"~^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

299

canvass could be made in Iroquois county, he having no
opportunity lo visit only one-half of the township of that
county; bul every town in which meetings were held, at
which he and his opponents spoke, went for Frew. And it
is a fair proposition that a similar result would have fol
lowed in most of the others." Before the noraination—
August 6lh, 1869 — the Chicago Tribmie said: "Frew is
urged by his friends to become a candidate for the Consti
tutional Convention  During' the long and try
ing session of last winter he discharged the duties of his
position with marked fidelity and intelligence." Pie was
subsequentiy re-elected lo the Legislature frora the counties
of Ford and Kankakee as re-districted. The events con
nected with this affair furnished proofs of the most incon
testable nature that his defeat of Ihe previous year was
occasioned, not by disinclination on the part of the people
to assure his election, but to raanifold troubles arising out
of Ihe confusion attendant on Ihe short carapaign, convention
bolting, and his inability ihrough inevitable obstacles to stem
the torrent of unfair proceedings brought into play by un
scrupulous opponents, who availed theraselves of every
means to prevent the people from becoming thoroughly
acquainted with his sterling traits and characteristics. Il
will be remembered that when a candidate for the Consti
tutional Convention Ford county gave him but a light vole ;
while in Ihe succeeding year, grown cognizant of his worth,
it gave him neariy a unaniraous vote of both parties, and
Kankakee was carried over the regular nominee by a sur
prisingly large raajority. Under the new Constitution Ford
and Iroquois counties were priraarily put by the Governor
inlo one district, while Kankakee formed a district of itself,
both districts being allowed two raembers. After the nomi
nation by Kankakee of both ber representatives, Ford
county was detached from Iroquois, and, without her
knowledge, attached to Kankakee county, vvith no change
in the number of her representatives. This procedure, not
unnaturally, produced great confusion, resulting in the run
ning by Kankakee of two Republican candidates, Ford
county having but one ; the Democrats, as a party, support
ing their own candidate, plere then vvas presented a favor
able opportunity for his adversaries to strike him effectively ;
yet despite every effort made by them, and the unfavorable
position necessarily occupied by him, he ultiraately van
quished every eleraent of resistance, and, supported by the
love and esteem of his fellow-citizens, was crowned trium
phantly with the laurel of success. In the second term he
was appointed Chairman of the Comraittee on Retrench-
nients, and on the Coraraittee of Judiciary and Insurance.
Regarding these raatters Ihe Moraenee Reporter, Januaiy
19th, 1871, said: "His well-known energy and working
talent is Ihe only recommendation he needs to satisfy all
that the duties allotted to him will be proraptly attended lo,
and his frank and -feariess independence will al once place
his disapproving hand on the throat of any sneaking trick
ster desicming to rob the public treasur}'." The general

character of his course may again be gathered from contem
porary noiices in various organs, friendly and hostile. Says
the Chicago Post, April 8lh, 1871, an opposition journal:
" The measures under consideration have called out every
conceivable style of elocution, from the twanging nasality
of Nelson, of Macon, to the Websterian thunderbolts of
Frew, of Ford. The latter gentleman is allogether a raan
who should be considered by hiraself If Frew is not a
thorough genius, the fault should be laid at nature's door.
He seldora fails ; in fact, in the vocabulaiy of Frew there is
no such vvord as 'pliaU.'" The Chicago Times, ]anuaTy
27th, 1872, classed him "araong the young men who have
decided opinions on civil service and other isms." January
29lh in Ihe same year this journal said : " The young muscle
element represented by Ihe rising raen Frew and others out
manoeuvred and oulgeneralled the old ring corruptionisls at
every turn." He procured the passage of the bill giving to
women Ihe right lo control their own earnings, and in
creased rights and control in the estate of Ihe deceased
husband. His amendment gave to Ihe widow absolutely a
one-half interest in all the property of her deceased hus
band. He secured also the passage of the liberal exemption
law to debtors in 1871, and the insurance law which placed
salutary and needed checks on the movements of insurance
companies. His sjieeches referring to that measure, and
also to his actions in favor of increasing the jurisdiction of
the county courls, were eloquent, raasterly, and convincing.
He has always been a Republican, but has been frequently
supported, not only by the members of the Democratic
parly, but also by its raost faithful organs. Thus the Gil
man Star of January, 1872, reraarks: "We often regret
having opposed Mr. Frew, because after he got to Spring
field he vvas deterrained that his constituents should know
what was going on.'' Later, the Ford County Journal, an
opposition paper, said after the election : " Now Ihey have
the consolation of knowdng that they have squandered their
energies in playing tail to the kite sent up by Hon. C. H.
Frew as a punishment. Such is the way. Lesser lights
frequently get fooled by tilting against men of tact, shrewd
ness, and talent  He is Ihe head and shoulders
of his party," etc. At a time vvhen he was prorainently
naraed for the Uniled Stales District Attorneyship for Ihe
Southern District of Illinois, the above journal said : " Frew
is a raan of fine legal altainraenls and a perfect gentleraan,
and has faithfully served his parly. We hope they will
recognize his eminent services." But he declined the can
didature, preferring, as he remarked, the people's appoint
ment. In July, 1873, he was, without his knowdedge, put
forward by Ihe general press as one likely to be appointed
one of the Railroad Coraraissioners, and was consulted on
that subject. " We believe he is peculiarly fitted for the
position," said Ihe Record of ]an\iaij gth, 1873; but he de
clined the honor firmly and positively. Prior to this he had
been waited upon by a committee appointed to solicit his
consent lo be named as a candidate for Congress, and Ihis

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

also was met by him wilh a courteous but inflexible refusal.
In 1873, also, a committee of gentleraen frora McLean
county in the most urgent manner solicited him to be a can-
didfite for Judge of the Judicial District of McLean and
Ford counties, and were met in the same manner. Again,
in 1874, he was urged to be a candidate for Congress, and
was assured of the support of the grangers. The Anti-
Monopolist, of Bloominglon, Februaiy l8th, said : " He is
one of the rising men of the State, talented and full of sun
shine. It is no wonder that he is popular at home and has
a reputation as extensive as the State." But he insisted
that the then present member should by courtesy be re
turned, and would not permit his name lo be used against
hira. He vvas made Chairman of the Republican Congres
sional Convention, which met at Fairbury in the same year,
and in his address of thanks spoke strongly in favor of the
re-eleclion of the sitting meraber of Congress. He is a firra
believer in the value and efficacy of religion, and is a liberal
supporter of churches and benevolent enterprises. Within
the past ten years, by his reraunerative legal practice, he
has accuraulated a large araount of valuable lands and lots
and olher city properly, including several good improved
farms, one of which is used solely for stock-raising purposes.
He is slill unmarried, and a self-made man who has the
respect and affection of the entire coraraunity, and undoubt
edly is destined to be one of the distinguished citizens and
statesraen of his State and countiy.

I INTER, JOHN S., Journalist, Merchant, and
County Clerk, was born August gth, 1822, at
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father, John Win
ter, is a Baptist rainister, who carae from Brad
ford, England, in 1818, and settled in Pittsburgh,
where he stiU resides. His mother was a native
of New Castle, her raaiden narae having been Eliza Wilson.
His education was obtained in the public schools of his
native city, and at his home under the tuition of his father.
When twenty-three years of age he travelled West, settiing
in Fulton county, Illinois, and establishing himself in the
printing business, having acquired his qualifications for Ihis
pursuit in Wheeling, West Virginia. After the Mormon
troubles, which for so long a time had excited Illinois, he
went lo Nauvoo, where he edited a paper for nearly a year.
He then removed to Knox county, settling in Knoxville in
l84g, where he coramenced the publication of the Knoxville
Journal. His management of this sheet covered a period
of six years. It took a leading position as a representative
paper, and obtained a high and popular reputation for ils
fearless opinions, literary merit, and enterprise. For a
short tirae after his withdrawal frora its raanagement he
engaged in mercantile pursuils. During the stirring cam
paign of 1856 he established the Knoxville Republican, a
live and newsy paper which is still issued, and in 1857 was

elected to the position of County Clerk of Knox county.
With the exception of an interval of one term, he has con
tinued- in that office, and has fulfilled all its responsible
duties with integrity and ability, and to the fullest accept
ance of the people. When the county seat was reraoved to
Galesburg his office was transferred to tiiat place, whither
he followed. Although he has filled no other political po
sitions, he has been an active partisan, and lias obtained
large influence as a leading citizen of that county, not
simply by party zeal, but by his public spirit, which has
made him an energetic worker in all movements, whether
material or political, for the public weal. In 1847 he was
married to Mary M. Brewer.

,REEN, WILLIS DUFF, M. D., was born in Dan
viUe, Kentucky, January 18th, 1821. His father.
Dr. Duff Green, an eminent physician of that
place, was the eldest son of Willis Green, who
emigrated to Kentucky from the Shenandoah
Valley of Virginia about the year 1780. He is a
brother of Judge W. H. Green, of Cairo, Illinois. He was
educated primarily at Centre College, in his native town,
and was a classmate of General John C. Breckenridge.
Upon relinquishing college life he began the study of medi
cine with his father, remaining under his preceptorship for a
period of two years. He then, at the expiration of this
time, attended the Medical Department of the Transyl
vania University, and graduated from the Medical College
of Ohio. He then began the practice of his profession at
Hartford, Kentucky, where he resided for a year and a
half. He afterward practised for two years in Pulaski,
Tennessee, removing subsequently, in 1846, to Mount
Vernon, Illinois, which has since been his home, and where
he has been constantly and successfully occupied in the
practice of his profession, which extends over Ihe entire
soulhern portion of the State. In politics he has invariably
and consistently supported the principles and platfomis of
the Deraocratic party, and as the Breckenridge candidate
for Congress was defeated with the head of the ticket. He
is a prorainent raeniber of the order of Odd Fellows of IlU
nois, and has officiated as Grand Master, also as Represent
ative to the Grand Lodge of the Uniled Slates. He is
noted for his generosity in charitable enterprises, and has
always been an active and a zealous member of benevolent
societies and organizations. He was President of the
Mount Vernon Railroad Company until it was merged in
Ihe St. Louis .& Southeastern Railroad, and in the perform
ance of the important functions attendant on that office
evinced the possession of adrairable adrainistrative powers.
Pie is a man of scholarly attainraents, a skilful and reliable
physician, and a useful member of thfe community amid
which he is an esteemed and loved townsman. He was mar
ried in 1844 to Corinne L. Morton, of Hartford, Kentucky.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

301

'ARRIS, BENJAMIN F., Bank President, was
"*¦ born in Frederick county, Virginia, being Ihe
son of WiUiam H. and Elizabeth (Pttyne) Harris.
Plis early education was limited. His father was
a farmer, and he was engaged constantly in as
sisting in the laborious vvork of cultivating quite
a large tract of land. During the winters he attended poorly
supplied country schools, and from these picked up the
rudiments of an education. In the sumraer of 1835 he re
moved to lUinois. In 1841 he located in Champaign county
of that State, and engaged in farming, and is slill indirectiy
connected vvith the developraent of a rich tract of land.
His industry in agricultural pursuits netted him considerable
raeans, which he invested profitably. In 1863 he became
one of the organizers of the First National Bank of Chara
paign County, and in the following year was chosen its
President. This responsible station he still fills, bringing to
the execution of its duties a ripe judgraent, and an intiraate
knowledge of Ihe intricacies of financiering. Pie has been
throughout his life a hard-working, temperate and econom
ical man, and has acquired not only a fortune but the high
respect of the community in which he has resided for so long
a tirae. In 1841 he married Elizabeth Sage, of Ohio, who
died in 1845. ^''^ '847 he married Mary J. Heath, of Ross
county, Ohio.

Banner, TAZEWELL B., Lawyer, Judge of the
Twenty-fourth Judicial District of Illinois, was
born in Danville, Virginia, November 6th, 1821.
His father, Allen C. Tanner, a merchant, and
connected wilh raany of the best families of Vir
ginia, emigrated to Missouri i". 1824, and Ihere
engaged in frontier trading. His raother, Martha Bates,
was of a highly respectable family. His education vvas ac
quired at Ihe McKendree College, located at Lebanon,
Illinois, although his home vvas in St. Louis. After leaving
college he engaged in school teaching, and continued at
that avocation during the ensuing four years. Pie then went
to California in search of gold, reraaining on the Pacific
slope for one year. Upon his retura to Illinois he was
elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of Jefferson Counly, serv
ing two years, at the expiralion of which tirae he resigned
his position. He vvas subsequentiy elected to the lower
House of the Illinois Legislalure, and in the foUowing year
conducted the Jeffersonian newspaper, u journal intended
to educate thejieople upon the question as to the jiropriely
of donating swarap lands to aid in the construction of a
railway, a raission which it ttiliraately accoraplished. In
the raeantirae he studied law wilh the Hon. William H.
Bissell, and later under the supervision of Judge Scales.
While conducting the Jeffersonian he vvas occupied also
in practising law, meeting wilh rauch success. At the end
of fifteen months he sold out his interest in the newspaper,
-and devoted himself exclusively to the increasing calls of

his profession. In 1862 he was elecled a member ofthe
Constitutional Convention, and served prominently and ably
with that body until its dissolution. He was while thus en
gaged Chairman of the Coramittee of Revision and Adjust
ment, and while officiating in Ihis capacity elicited the praise
.and encomiums of all concerned, and was especially com
plimented for the masteriy raanner in which bUls were re
vised and adjusted, and redeemed from bareness by the
elegant language in whieh they were expressed. In 1873
he was elected Judge of the Twenty-fourth Judicial Dis
trict, which position he slill retains, perforraing ils functions
with capability and dignity. He has always been associated
with Ihe Deraocratic parly, and is one of ils most esteemed
supporters. His skill and judgment as a legal practitioner,
and as an expounder and definer of the lavv, is unimpeach
able ; he enjoys the confidence and respect of the entire bar,
and has been highly coraraended for the fairness and sound
ness of his decisions. He vvas raarried. May 22d, 1851, lo
Sarah E. Anderson, daughter of the late Governor Ander
son, of Illinois.

UNLAP, COLONEL JAMES, Merchant, Rail
road Constructor, Farraer and Real-Estate Ojier-
alor, was born, October 30lh, 1802, in Fleraing
county, Kentucky, and is a son of the late Rev.
Jaraes Dunlap. The latter was a native of
Augusta county, Virginia, who was bora July
lolh, 1773, and reraoved to Kenlucky when eleven years
of age, where he lived for many years, subsequently going
to Champaign county, Ohio, in 1812; ultimately to Jack
sonville, Illinois, in 1844, vvhere he passed the remainder
of his Ufe, and died February 28lh, 1866, in Ihe ninely-lhird
year ofhis age. His father was a soldier ofthe Revolution,
serving throughout that conflict to the date of Cornwallis'
surrender in October, 1781. Mrs. Rebecca Dunlap, mother
of Rev. James Dunlap, lived to the great age of ninety-nine
years, and died near Lexington, Kenlucky, November 71h,
i84g. Colonel Jaraes Dunlap reraoved frora Ohio and
settled in Morgan counly, Illinois, in July, 1830. He Ihen
entered inlo business as a country raerchant in Jacksonville,
and devoted his energies to this business untU 1838, when,
in corajiany wilh Thoraas T. January, he contracted lo build
the flrst railroad in the State, vvhich was to connect the city
of Springfield with Meridosia, on the Illinois river, a dis
tance of fifty-six miles. The firra of January & Dunlap
completed Ibis line, ready for Ihe rolling stock, in 1845.
He was a large operator and dealer in real estate ; and vvas
also a prominent farmer and stock dealer until i860. At
the outbreak of the great Rebellion he resolved to erabaik
in the cause of the Union, and exert his business talents in
that direction. He was commissioned by President Lincoln
as Chief Quartermaster of Ihe I3lh Army Corps, and gave
his entire attention lo this important trust until 1864, when
he returned to the peaceful avocations of civil life. Among

302

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

the many achievements of an active life of over forty years
was the erection in 1856 of the " Dunlap Hotise," which
appropriately bears the name of ils founder. This is one
of the best and most capacious hotels in central IlUnois, and
is an ornament to the city, being a most inviting and home
like hostelrie for boarders and traveUers. He has never
solicited or courted .any political notoriety, though he was
elected a member ofthe Constitutional Convention in 1847,
vvhich had for ils objecl the amendment ofthe Stale consti
tution. He is one of the substantial and useful citizens of
Morgan county, who has a raost extensive acquaintance, and
whose character is duly apjireciated by the community vvhere
he has passed neariy a half century of active life. Although
he has passed the age of three-score years and ten he has
preserved his mental and bodily faculties to a good degree,
and is healthy and robust in appearance. ITe avas raarried,
November iglh, 1823, to Elizabeth Fruman, in Greene
counly, Ohio. She is a woraan of amiable and sleriing
qualities, which render her loved and respected by a large
circle of friends and acquaintances. Bolh the Colonel and
his vvife have been members of the Baptist denoraination
for over twenty-eight years. They had a faniUy of eleven
children, of whom seven are living.

'WAHLEN, WILLIAM FLETCHER, Professor
of the Greek and Gerraan Languages and Liter
atures in McKendree College, Lebanon, IlUnois,
was born in Wheeling, Ohio counly, Virginia,
April 19th, 1840. His falher, John Swahlen, a
native of Switzerland, was one of the raore prora
inent and influential pioneers and zealous upholders of the
Gerraan Methodist Episcopal Church. He left his native
country and carae to the United Slates in 1832, settling in
Cincinnati, Ohio. His initiatory field of labor was Wheel
ing, Virginia, vvhere he built the first German Methodist
Episcopal Church ever erecled. Subsequentiy he travelled
in Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, New York, New Jersey, Penn
sylvania and Maryland, leaving everywhere traces of his
zeal and Christianly virtues. Plis mother, Ann (Taylor)
Swahlen, vvas the daughter of John Gibbons, one of the
early Quaker pioneers and settlers of Pennsylvania. ' His
preliminary and elementary education was acquired at the
Light Street Institute, located in Baltimore, Maryland,
vvhere he was prepared for eollege, and also in the Gram
raar School of Columbia College, Nevv York city. In Sep
tember, 1858, he entered Ihe freshman class of the Troy
University, Nlw York, and in S' p'eraber, i860, the sojiho-
raore class of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, where he reniained until he graduated in July,
1863. In the course of the sarae year he was elecled to an
adjunct professorship in McKendree College, Lebanon, Il
linois, and entered at once upon the perforraance of the
duties attached to that office. In 1867, his unusual talents

and varied slore of learning winning for hira the favorable
attention of all with whom he was brought into contact, he
was elected to the Professorship of the Greek and German
Languages and Literatures in the same institution, which
position he still holds. In September, 1870, he was ad
raitted to deacon's orders in the Methodist Episcopal
Church, of which he is an earnest and a valued raember.
He is for the current year a member of the Slate Board of
Examiners for State Teachers' Certificates, in which body
he is esteemed and admired as a colleague of sterling cajia-
bililies and unerring judgraent. He is a classical scholar
of brilliant attainments, and is unexcelled in his acquaintance
with the literature of ancient Greece and modern Germany.
He was married, June 26lh, 1873, '° Carrie V. Hyper, of
Lebanon, Illinois.
[fo BEND, EDWARD, President of the BeUeville,
IlUnois, Savings Bank, was born in the province
of Bavaria, Germany, in 1822. His parents,
Henry Abend and Margaret Abend, were araong
the earUest pioneers and settlers of St. Clair
counly, Illinois, having located theraselves in
that section ofthe Slate in 1833. His elementary education
was acquired in the schools of BeUeville, whence he was
transferred to the McKendree College, in Lebanon. Upon
relinquishing school life he decided to embrace the legal
profession, and began the study of law under the instruc
tions of George TrurabuU, a brother of Lyman Trumbull,
under whose able tutorship be corapleted his professional
education. In 1842, at the terraination of his probationary
course of sludies, being then in his twenty-first year, he
passed the required examination and was admitled to the
bar. He subsequently entered upon the active practice of
his profession, in which, hovvever, he continued but for a
few years. In 1847 he vvas elected to the Legislalure on
the Democratic ticket. Having voted for the Wilmot pro
viso, and against vvhat was Ihen called the Black Law, he
vvas at the ensuing session of 1849 "read out" of the
Democratic party. He becarae an earnest opponent of
slavery, and during the troublous times of the Rebellion,
and prior to the actual outbreak of hostilities, was a warra
sujiporter ofthe government, and an able advocate and sup
porter also ofthe contested war measures. During the fol
lowing len years he was busily and continuously engaged
in transacting his private business, consisting chiefly of
operations in the leading slock and manufacluring concerns
Ihen iu raovement. In i860 he was elecled Presideni of
Ihe BeUeville Savings Bank, which position he still occu
pies. This institution is widely known as a carefully con
ducted and prosperous establishment, while its officers are
raen who command the esteem and confidence of the en-
lire coraniunity. He has been five tiraes elected Mayor of
the city of BelleviUe ; and while serving in that iraportant
capacity has abundantly testified lo his energy and capacity.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

He was married in 1852 fo Miss Westerman of Weisbaden,
Gerraany, in which country he was temporarily sojourning
at that time. She died in Belleville, Illinois, in 1854. In
1856 he was again married to Miss Plilgard, of BeUeville,
daughter of a leading citizen of that county.

' DWARDS, NINIAN, elected Governor of Illinois
in 1826, vvas born in Montgomery county, Mary
land, in 1775. His parents were wealthy and
respectable, and his educaiioii was commenced
under favorable auspices. Pie was a companion
at school of Ihe celebrated WiUiam Wirt, and
prepared for eollege under the tuition of Rev. Mr. Hunt.
He was sent to coUege at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He did
not graduate, bul left the college and his home at the age
of nineteen years for Kenlucky. Nalure bestowed on hira
many of her rarest gifts. Pie possessed a mind of extraor
dinary compass, and an industry that brought forth every
spark of talent wilh which nalure had gifled him. He was
bred to the legal profession, and became Attorney-General
of Kentucky at ai, early age. In his twenty-eighth year he
was appoinled Chief-Juslice of the High Court of Appeals.
He held this office vvhen Chief-Justice Boyle of Kenlucky
was ajipoinled Ihe first Governor of Ihe Illinois Territory, in
l8og. Mr. Edwards preferred to be Governor of the Ter
ritory, and Mr. Boyle preferred lo be Chief- Justice, so in Ihe
end Ihey exchanged offices. President Madison sent Ed
wards out as the first Governor of the Territory, and Boyle
was made Chief-Justice by the Governor of Kentucky.
Edwards was but thirty-four years of age when he took tiiis
office, which he continued by subsequent appointments to
hold until 1818. Governor Edvvards, by proclaraation,
established, in 1812, Ihe counties of Madison, Johnson,
Pope and Gallatin, and having had a vote of the Territory
in favor of the second grade of territorial governraent, he
ordered, on the 16th of Seplember of Ihe same year, an
election for raerabers of the Legislature. By his proclaraa
tion, Ihis assembly was convened at Kaskaskia on Ihe 25lh
of November, 1812. This was the first legisLative body
elected by the people that ever assembled in lUinois.
During the war of 1812, the settlements in this Slate vvere
constantiy disturbed by Indians, vvho vvere assisted by their
allies, the English. Governor Edwards attended lo their
defence in person, and was present in all the iraportant
transactions, guiding and directing Ihe whole. He re-
' mained at home with his faniily a very sraall portion of his
time during Ihe whole war. At its close he was appointed
a coraraissioner to treat with the Indians, and in 1815 many
humane and equitable treaties were concluded vvith thera.
In 1818 he vvas elected to the Uniled Slales Senale, and
was shortly after re-elected, as his terra soon expired. In
this office he showed an extensive knowdedge of public
affairs and became distinguished as a man of fine talents

303
throughout the Union. Whilst in the Senate he was ap
pointed by Mr. Monroe t.o be Minister to Mexico. In
the year 1826 he was elecled Governor of the Stale of
niinois, and gave to this high trust his best energies.
While the cholera was raging in Belleville in 1833, he vvas
out attending to the afflicted night and day. Being aged
and his constitution somewhat shattered, the epidemic
seized uponjhim, and in a few hours after ils seizure it proved
fatal. He died in Belleville on July 20lh, 1833. The
county of Edwards and the town of EdwardsvUle, Madison
county, were nanied in his honor.

OYNE, TEMPLE S., A. M., M. D., Physician,
was born in Chicago, Illinois, on October 16th,
1841. Pie is Ihe eldest son of the Hon. Thomas
Hoyne, LL. D., one of the oldest raerabers ofthe
Chicago bar. Pie is the grandson of Dr. John J.
Temple of St. Louis, Missouri. He received his
education in the University of Chicago, where he graduated
in 1862, receiving the three degrees of B. S., M. S., and
A. M. On his graduation, he attended two courses of lec
tures in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York,
receiving the degree of M. D. in February, 1865. Pre
viously to this, in 1862, he look a partial course in Ihe
Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago. His falher
having expressed a wish that he should pursue the practice
of the lavv, he entered his office, but finding the sludy ex
ceedingly distasteful, he gave himself to Ihe study of medi
cine as the profession of his life. Dr. Hoyne's falher, im
pressed with the belief ihat all boys should be taught a
trade, encouraged his son lo learn Ihe art of printing. In
accordance with ihis wish, he worked in the printing office
of the Chicago Democrat half a day while attending school
in his boyhood. He then procured a small font of type,
and in 1858 printed a volume of one hundred pages — a
novel written by his mother — and it was bound by his uncle.
The edition nura.bered one hundred copies, and was printed
on a comraon letter press. The knowdedge he thus acquired
has always since been of great value to him, besides the
recreation it affbrds hira after ihe arduous labors of his pro
fession. In 1864, during the war, he had charge of a hos
pital in Fredericksburg, Virginia, in company with Dr. F.
H. Harailton of New York. The ho.spital contained three
hundred raen wounded in the Battie of the Wilderness.
Resuming his practice at the close of the war, he was
elected, in i86g. Professor of Materia Medica in the
Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago. This position
he slill maintains, wilh credit to hiraself and wdth honor to
the coUege. In addition to his other duties, he has also
charge of a section of the Hahneraann Hospital. Dr. Hoyne
is also the business raanager and registrar of the college. His
literary contributions to his profession are a treatise on the
use of Carbolic Acid ; " Hoyne's Materia Medica Cards; "

304

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and a " Repertory to the Nevv Remedies." Pie has contrib
uted lo the Hahnemann Monthly ; the United States Medi
cal and Surgical Journal ; \^e Medical Investigator ; and
ihe American Homoeopathic Observer; and for five years
was one of the editors of Raue's Annual Record. He was
married in 1866.

JiNCKLEY, JOHN MILTON, M. D., JournaUst,
Lawyer, and ex-Assistant Attorney-General of the
United Slales, was born in Somerset, Perry county,
Ohio, March 16th, 1831. Plis falher is Ihe
descendant of an ancient English faraily; his
raother, a native of Alsace, is Ihe daughter of an
Alsatian baron, vvho, renouncing his title and estate, left his
country and carae to Araerica before the outbreak of the
revolutionaiy war. Both parents vvere residents of Mary
land, and at one time in possession of considerable wealth.
In early boyhood he attended Ihe school of his native viUage
for two terras, and subsequently vvas prepared for coUege by
his parents and elder brothers. Shortly after the death of
his father he left home, July 8th, 1850, taking wilh him one
dollar and sixty-five cents, part of the proceeds from the
sale of several landscapes which he had painted. During
the ensuing three years, with the exception of intervals of
sojourn in the great cities, his horae was in the raountain
wildernesses from New England to Georgia, residing occa
sionally in the villages on the road, where he taught the
rudiments of drawing in exchange for food and shelter.
This eiTant life in the wilds he sustained without a cora
panion, wiihout a blanket, usually wiihout a gun, but never
without one or more books, or portions of a nuraber of
books. " He always had at least a portion of ihe Bible,
and some of the writings of PLalo." This period, devoid
of any projected aim, was alternately a time of most intense
and tireless physical action and the most absorlied and con
centrated contemplation. In May, 1853; he visited Wash
ington city, where he met many old friends of his falher,
araong them the Congressman frora his native Ohio district.
He Ihen revisited Virginia and New York city, returning to
the capital vvhen Congress raet in December. While there
he accepted a temporary clerkship in the General Land
Office, and, serving in Ihat capacity, vvas noted for his
thoroughness, accuracy, and extraordinary energy. Even
tually he was placed in charge of the Bureau of Litigations,
and under hira were raany lawyers, of whom several had,
in their day, been erainent practitioners. Owdng lo Ihese
circurastances he appUed hiraself in 1856, to the study of
law, bul wiihout purposing lo embrace the legal profession.
His tutor was often the severe and able Hon. S. S. Baxter,
of Virginia. In 1863, having, prior to this dale, written
hundreds of briefs for Mr. Baxter and other erainent law
yers, he became a meraber of the b.ar of the Supreme Court
of Ihe District of Columbia. During his term of service in
the Land Office his ardent love for natural scenery led him

to make a suggestion afterwards happily carried into effect
by law : viz., to reserve as national jiroperty the famous
Mariposa trees, the Yosemite Valley, and like things and
places of great beauty. He subsequently took a, regular
raedical course at the Georgetown College, with no inten
tion of pursuing the.practice of medicine, and graduated
from that institution in 1861. In the same year he re
signed his office, the new Commissioner tendering to hira
on this occasion a flattering letter of profound regret at
losing his services. With convictions all for the North, wilh
personal ties all in the South, he had, in the war, no heart
for the one, no hand for the olher. Yet, when the " Trent "
affair made war wilh Great Britain appear inevitable, he
instantly made arrangements to enter the array on the staff
of a distinguished P'ederal General, "for one year, or during
the war." Also he inserted in the National Intelligencer
an article on the " changed aspect of the rebellion, if .aided
by foreign allies," which vvas quoted by Lord Lyons, the
British rainister, in his despatches to the British govern
raent, as significant of the feeling of American men of
principle. The "Trent" troubles being amicably arranged,
however, he devoted himself to editorial work concerning
the financial problems of the hour, to Ihe revision of ihe
speeches and jiaraphlets of various political leaders, and to
the preparation of lavv briefs for lawyers practising before
the Suprerae Court of the United Slates. Early in 1864
he proposed ii national convention, to be called in Ihe
raanner prescribed by law, for the revision of the Conslilu
tion of ihe United States, and, incidentally, for a settlement
of the dispute between the sections. He has since renewed
Ihe jiroposition upon several filling occasions, and is still in
favor of such a convention. At the close of the war he
occupied himself zealously as a pacificator, by means of
private correspondence, and also of elaborate newspaper
articles. I^ale in 1865 he becarae the successor of the old
editors of ihe National Intelligencer, and in Ihat position
evinced jierfect competency and adrairable judgment. For
four years he wrote its leaders — articles never imputed to
any journalist, nor to any but the ablest legists of the coun
try. Black, Chase, Curtis, Parsons, Redfield, Reverdy
Johnson, Stanbery, Cushing, etc. The series of articles
referred to covered the periods of reconstruction and im
peachment, and excited much comment and discussion bolh
in the North and South. In October, 1866, his ajipUcalion
for the position of Chief Clerk of the General Land Office,
the only one ever known lo emanate from him, was rejected.
Later, however, Hon. Henry Stanbery, then Attorney-
General, tendered him another jiosition of greater honor
and larger emolunients. After serving for a few months in
the then new office of Law Clerk, Mr. Stanbery offered
him the post of Assistant Attorney-General, which he
accepted finally, M.ay 24lh, 1867. In the following June
he was regularly appoinled by the President Acting
Attorney-General during the absence of his superior, and
filled his pl.ace in the Cabinet. While examining Ihe papers

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

305

in a pardon case, he discovered a plot among several great
poUtical leaders to suborn witnesses whereby to prove that
President Johnson had been leagued with the assassins of
Abrahara Lincoln for the purpose of securing the succession
to his office. This matter he laid wholly before Mr. John
son in a formal report, which he published. The excite
ment and frenzied storm that followed this action have since
become matters of history. Subsequently, the United
Stales Marshal of North Carolina having reported to hira
that process of the Uniled States Court was obstructed by
arms, under the direction of General Sickles, then com
mander of that military district, he formally submitted the
matter, and, as the law officer of the government, demanded
his removal. The President removed him by telegraph.
His report in that case also was published, and again also
against his desire, he foreseeing cleariy the unnecessary
hostility likely to be engendered by such publication. In
the meantime his political enemies were working for his
overthrow, and finally, the office of Assistant Attorney-
General was, June 28lh, 1868, abolished by Act of Congress.
That abolishment vvas, according to general belief, brought
about by the machinations of his alarraed adversaries, and
this also was the expressed belief of the lale Mr. Fessenden.
While holding Ihat office he vvas, during the major portion
of the time. Acting Attorney-General in the Cabinet, was
continuously burdened with the attendant jialronage and
administraliive duties, and yet found tirae lo fonn and write
neariy every opinion, nearly all of the briefs for the Suprerae
Court, and to dispose of the greater part of the office
correspondence, to study also the ablest hostile arguments
in Congress, and to prepare answers to such for publication
the foUowing morning in the N^ational Intelligencer. Al
though frequently obliged, in order to procure confirmation
by Ihe Senate, to select political opponents for Ihe positions
of Judge, District Attorney, or Marshal, his appointments
were invariably characterized by fairness and wisdom. In
1866 he relinquished the editorial chair of the Intelligencer,
though continuing to write its leaders, on account of Ihe in
sistance of the pi'ojirietors of this journal in inserting a paid
editorial article. In July, 1868, he vvas freeof office, and rest
ing from labor. Internal revenue frauds were known lo be
rife, Johnson had escaped impeachment and lost the nomi
nation ofthe Democrats, and nothing remained but to glorify
his setting sun by a bold reform of political corruption. His
plans were radical, broad, and mature, and, in his search
for a resolute, faithful, and disinterested colleague, he se
lected J. M. Binckley. Pie was accordingly appointed to
the Solicitorship of Internal Revenue, and shortly after
ward, September 12th, 1868, was sent on his mission to
New York. His arrival there caused an intense comraotion
in the ranks of the revenue officials and " ring-men," and
bribe-money was raised and offered in almost fabulous
amounts; numerous threats harassed his ears incessantly,
and movements, in vvhich men of all parties joined, were
concerted to assail him wilh ridicule an4 fierce denunciation.
39

Houriy he received threats or warnings of assassination.
Undaunted, however, he formally instituted vigorous pro
ceedings against various high officials, and, on one occasion,
when his deputy marshal had been inlimidaled by an
armed posse of law-breakers, went forth in person and se
cured the arrest of the party accused. Ultimately, however,
the President, frightened by Ihe storm evoked, virtually re
pudiated the projected raid and abandoned the field. He
then tendered his resignation, which was refused, wilh the
assurance Ihat, sooner or later, the reform raeasure should
be carried into operation in a much bolder manner. On
Ihe day following the accession of General Grant he again
tendered his resignation, but the officials whom he had
publicly accused, and who shrank from trial, assisted by
certain Congressmen since publicly disgraced as bribe-takers,
continued to suppress the resignation in order to clothe his
deparlure from office, March 81I1, l86g, wilh the aspect of
a reraoval. April Ist, l86g, he returned to his native
village, and there spent a few raonlhs in pure relaxation.
October lolh, i86g, he removed from Washington to Nor
folk, Virginia, purposing to enter upon the practice of lavv.
Later, however, he removed lo Chicago, Illinois, where he
became connected wilh the " Lakeside Monthly." His
essays on Chicago, powerful and masterly productions, won
for him not only the esteem and admiration of the North
west, but attracted also considerable attention throughout
this countiy and in Europe. He was the originator and
earnest promoter of the Chicago Literary Club, so favorably
known to the people of Illinois. In the fall of 1870 he
was about to settle in Iowa, when he was called to Wash
ington to assist in Ihe conduct of The Patriot, a Democratic
national organ, behind vvhich were Mr. Corcoran, and
olher notable raen. Finally, he learned that ils strongest
backer was William Tweed, of New York, then at the
height of his power and prosperity. Upon assuring himself
of the truthfulness of his discovery he immediately relin
quished his connection vvith The Patriot, being unwilling to
follow in the lead of one whom he knew to be a public
robber. At the present time he is devoted to his profession,
and is engaged also in preparing for publication two works
of a raost interesting and important nature. He vvas
raarried, September 15111, l85g, lo a daughter of Harvey
Michel, a well-known resident of Virginia.

ARKS, ROBERT HALL, Owner of the Glen
Flora Mineral Springs, at Waukegan, Illinois, is
the son of Calvin C. Parks, a. pioneer farmer of
the Slate of Michigan, having seltied there about
1822, and also subsequentiy a prominent lawyer,
and Harriet (Thoraas) Parks; and was born in
Auburn, Oakland county, Michigan, February I7lh, 1836.
In i84g his father reraoved with his faniily to Waukegan,
Illinois, and practised his profession there until his death in

3o6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA;

i860. On the completion of his school days in 1853
Robert Hall coraraenced life by entering a general store as
clerk, where he reraained for one year. In 1854 he went
to Chicago, and became clerk in a clothing store, and here,
three years later, he established a business of Ihe same kind
for himself in the city of Davenport, Iowa, where he con
tinued until 1861. The business was not successful, and he
returned to Chicago and engaged in the grain commission
business until 1868. In this year he associated himself in
parlnership with his elder brother, Calvin Chapin Parks,
and went to New York city, where the brothers established
themselves in the banking business, under the firm-narae
and style of C. C. Parks & Co. His brother retired from
the firm in 1872, but he remained about a year longer, when
he closed the business and returned to the family home in
Waukegan. In the early part of 1874 he settled perraa
nentiy there, and with his brother undertook the development
of the mineral spring on the family eslate, which had long
been supposed to possess valuable medicinal properties.
He caused the water to be subjected to a thorough analysis,
which resulted in establishing ils claim lo high and impor
tant curative qualities. Robert Hall Parks is now engaged
in the management of this valuable spring, which in his
hands is rapidly assuming great commercial importance.
.The virtues of this water have been so thoroughly tested as
to be beyond dispute, and, aided by the attractive beauty
and healthfulness of the situation, it fully warrants the
money, time, and care which are being largely expended
upon it. Robert Hall Parks was married in 1857 to
Isabella II. Erskine, daughter of the late Colonel John
Erskine, of Wiscassett, Maine.

DWARDS, ELIJAH EVAN, Professor of Natural
Sciences, at the McKendree CoUege, Lebanon,
Illinois, was born in Delaware, Ohio, January
26lh, 1831. His father. Rev. John Edwards, a
prorainent divine of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, was born in Wales, and at Ihe age of
ten years emigrated frora his native counlry to the United
States. His mother, Elizabeth Van Horn, born in this
counlry, was formeriy a resident of Ohio. His parents
were raarried in this State, and in 1836 raoved to Indiana.
His education was acquired at- Ihe Asbury University,
Greencastie, Indiana, frora vvhich institution, at the expira
tion of his aUotted terra of sludies, he graduated. He was
then appointed Professor of Ancient Languages, at the
BrookvUle College, in the same Stale, officiating in that
capacity for a term of three years, and eliciting many en
comiums for his capabilities and learning. From 1856 to
j8s8 he was President of the Whitewater College, Centre
ville, Indiana; and, during the subsequent two years,
presided as Professor of Latin, at the Hamlin Universily,
Redwing, Minnesota. Later, he was, for three years, en

gaged 'in pastoral work, and resided for twelve months at
Leraont, Cook county, IlUnois. Pie afterwards reraained
for two years at Taylor Falls, Minnesota, and through the
following year rested at Hudson, Wisconsin. In 1864 he
entered the service of the United States, and was appointed
Chaplain of the 7th Minnesota Infantry, serving with
noted zeal and efficiency until the termination of the conflict.
After the close of the war he was occupied in teaching
for one year, at the St. Charles College, St. Charies,
Missouri. He then became Assistant Editor of the Chris
tian Advocate, published at St. Louis, in this .State, and
continued his connection with that organ for a period of
five years. At the expiration of this time he received tiie
appointment of Professor of Natural Sciences at the
McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois, a position which
he still retains, and whose important functions he performs
with unsurpassable thoroughness and ability. Endowed
naturally with far more than an ordinaiy share of innate
talent, his varied experience as a preceptor in educational
institutions of a high class, his studious habits and note
worthy powers of mental digestion and assimilation, have
combined to make him a scholar of brilliant and varied
attainments. He was married December 25th, 1854, to
AUce L. Eddy, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

RIGHAM, REEDER S., M. D., Physician, is a
native of Bradford county, Pennsylvania, where
he was born on June l6th, 1832. The very
moderate means of his father, who was a farmer,
vvould not permit his sim's wishes for an eariy
classical education to be followed out, but by
dint of the small advantages held out by the common
school, suppleraented by hard study in leisure hours, he so
far prepared hiraself as to pass a satisfactory examination
previous lo his admission into Dickinson College, Ohio, at
the age of nineteen years. For some time after leaving
that seminary he was occupied in teaching school, intend
ing at some future day to devote himself to the study and
practice of the law ; but upon recognizing the fact that
law and politics were almost always inseparably connected
as regards a country practitioner, and as this latler adjunct
had no charms for him, he changed his plans, and resolved
to adopt the profession of medicine. Accordingly, in
1856, he attended a course of lectures in the Ohio Medical
College, an allopathic institution. During the war of the
rebellion Dr. Brigham was enlisted on the side of ihe
Union, and was promoted lo the rank of Acting Assistant
Surgeon, serving in the United States navy for the period
of one year. Having formed the acquaintance of Dr. L.
Grosmuck, of Fort Scolt, Kansas, he changed his vievvs,
and shortiy after entered the Medical and Homoeopalhic
Medical College of Missouri, whence he obtained his
degree of M. D., and since this time he has been success^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

307

fully engaged in the practiee -of his profession, mostiy in
the neighborhood of Cairo, Illinois, to which eity he re
moved in the year 1868. He is strictly temperate in all
his habits, and has ever been a hard student, earnestly
endeavoring, as far as lay in his power, to extend the
sphere of homoeopathy. Pie has occasionally contributed
original articles to the several medical journals, etc., which
have attracted considerable attention, and for about two
years he travelled for the jiurpose of lecturing on scientific
subjects. Pie was married in i85S to Mary Goe, of
Xcnia, Ohio.

'CKERT, THOMAS WILLIAM, Editor and
Postmaster, vvas born on the 6lh of November,
1840, in Waterloo, Monroe counly, Illinois.
His father, John Eckert, seltied at Belleville,
Illinois, in 1828, where he married Ara Williaras,
of that place, and subsequently removed to
Monroe county. After receiving a coramon school edu
cation, Thomas entered McKendree College, at Lebanon,
and reu ained there until he graduated. After leaving
college he began the study of dentistry wdth Dr. Joseph
Payne, of St. Louis. At the exjiiration of two years he
entered into practice wilh his preceptor. In 1856 he re
moved to Lebanon, Illinois, and there continued the prac
tice of his profession for six years. He then relinquished
his practice and purchased the Lebanon Journal, which
he has ever since continued to edit. It is now and has
been frora the beginning a strong and oulsjioken Repub
lican paper, and its editor has always been an earnest, able
member of Ihat party. In August, 1875, he was ajipoinled
Postmaster of Lebanon, and continues in that position.
He married on the 30th of May, i860, Viola Calhoun, and
two children make his home happier by their presence.

ATERMAN, DANIEL BOWEN, Merchant and
Railroad Promoter, was born, April 21st, 1821,
in the city of Rochester, Monroe county, State
of Nevv York ; is a son of Dr. Daniel and Sabra
(Pierce) Waterman, and is a Uneal descendant
of the celebrated Roger Williams, of Rhode
His preliminary education was received in the
Hio-h School of his native city, and completed in the Yates
Counly Academy, which he left in 1840. In that year he
went to Aurora, Illinois, where he engaged as clerk to his
brother George, who was canying on the hardware busi
ness, and vvith whom he remained nine years, excepting a
portion of one year when he returned East fqr the benefit
of his heallh. In l84g he opened a hardware slore in
West Aurora, investing about ^(3000 in the business. He
carried this on very successfully for five years, during
which time his capital increased six-fold, and when he

Island.

disposed of "the same, in 1854, it vvas estimated- between
|Si8,ooo and ^20,000. Pie now reraoved to Burlington,
Iowa, where he purchased an interest in Ihe extensive
hardware firra of While & Pierce, which then becarae
known as While, Pierce & Waterraan. In 1857 a financial
panic occurred, and about the very jieriod when the house
had dispose^l of Iheir entire business to John Craig & Co.
Through the dishonest dealings of the last-naraed firm,
everything vvas lost ; the interest of the junior partner, being
$37,000, of course was swallowed up in the wreck, and he
returned to Aurora to recuperate his fallen fortunes.
Without appearing to be discouraged by this unforeseen
accident, he started anew, and in l85g opened another
hardware store under raost favorable auspices. The build
ing in which the business was in future to be operated
was corapleted in due time with every prospect of success.
Pie was promised the assistance of Plall Brothers, bankers,
of Aurora, and Albert Jewell, a hardware merchant of
New York ; and these vvere to be raerabers of the new firra.
Scarcely, however, had the business fairly starlad vvhen
Ihe war broke out, in 1861, and Hall Broth ers o( whose
business as bankers was based on Missouri oand olher
Southern Stale bonds, which all becarae nearly worthless)
collapsed, .and carried down their partner with thera.
Jewett not having actually joined the cojiarlnership escaped
the misfortune. Thus again were Mr. Waterman's hopes
frustrated, but he reraained in ihe business until he had
liquidated all the debts of the concern, dollar for dollar,
but he was nearly ruined. In 1867 he closed out his
business, and lurned his attention to farraing. In 1869 a
charter was granted to the Chicago & Iowa Railroad Cora
pany, and he was selected by the raanageraent General
Agent of the road. He iraraediately gave it his personal
attention, and in August, 1870; corapleted the business by
disposing of a sufficient araount of stock lo warrant the
coraraenceraent of its construction, the amount raised being
^8000 per mile. He is a Director and still continues in
the position of General Agent of that road, and which,
throuch his energy and perseverance, has been neariy
corapleted, and is in a raost prosperous condition. He is
also a. Director and President of the Chicago, Rockford &
Northern Railroad Company, and is indirectly connected
with the Chicago & Pekin, and the Chicago & Paducah
Railways. The town of Waterman, De Kalb counly, was
naraed after him ; and, in raany other ways, the coraraunity
h.as shown its appreciation of his value as a public
benefactor. He has been engaged quite extensively, on his
own account, in real estate transactions, which have proved
pecuniarily beneficial, and he ranks among the wealthiest
of the citizens of Aurora. He is emphatically a self-made
man, and where many others would have failed, he has,
by his strong will and determination to overcome all
obstacles, shown hiraself lo be possessed of raore than
ordinary talents. In 1862 he was elected Alderraan from
the First Ward of Aurora, receiving every vote in the Ward

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA."

excejit his ovvn, and continued in that office for nine suc
cessive years; and lo his exertions for the public benefit
during that period is due, in no small amount, the present
prosperity of the city. In 1 871 he was elected Mayor,
filling that office one year, but declined a re-election. Pie
is an eamest meraber of the Republican party, from ils
inception, and has been a delegate to every Stale and
county convention of that parly since 1S60. Pie was mar
ried, in 1852 lo Ann, daughter of Harry White, of Black
berry township. His only child, a daughter, and the idol
of his heart, died of consumption, February, 1875, at the
age of twenty-one years, sincerely raourned by all vvho
knew her.

I OYD, HENRY W., A. M., M. D., was born in
Fleniingsburg, Kentucky, March 24lh, 1843;
his father, Wilson P. Boyd, being a well-known
practitioner at the bar ; his mother, whose maiden
narae was Susan Lacey, carae frora Kenlucky.
When he was quite young his parents removed
to Bloomington, Illinois, and it vvas here that he received
his early education. In 1857 he entered Wesleyan Univer
sily, from which he graduated in 1862, having taken a
five years' course, during which he closely applied hira
self to all his varied sludies. He graduated with ihe
degree of A. M., and comraenced at once his preparations
for the medical profession, entering the office of Dr. W. H.
Byford, of Chicago, to pursue his necessary studies. He
attended the course of lectures at the Chicago Medical
CoUege in 1862, and then entered the Uniled Slates service
as First Hospital Steward to Ihe g4th Illinois Volunteers.
In 1864 he received the appointraent of Surgeon to the
I4lh Illinois Volunleers, and filled this position with abilily
until the close of the vvar, in 1865, when he returned to
Chicago and corapleted his course at the Chicago Medical
CoUege, receiving his degree of M. D. from that institu
tion in the spring of 1866. He removed to Alton, lUiiiois,
where he resumed Ihe praclice of medicine ; but as this
place did not furnish as extensive a field as he desired, he
reraained in il only one year; and Ihen, wilh Ihe aim of
more thoroughly perfecting himself in the knowledge of
medicine, went to Philadelphia and New York, spendinir
in these cities altogether a year in not only attending
lectures, but in avaiUng himself of the valuable oppor
tunities presented in these cities for practice in their hos
pitals. In 1868 he located in Chicago, where he has since
been actively engaged in the duties of his profession ; and
during that year, also, he became Professor of Anatomy in
the Chicago Medical College, filling that chair with dis
tinction until the spring of 1874, when he resigned. Since
Ihen he has organized a private school of anatomy, his
purpose in tills being to afford students a more thorough
opportunity' of perfecting theraselves in that branch of
medical knowledge, than can be obtained in Ihe general

course of a medical college. He is an enthusiastic and
zealous anatomist, and the museum of the Chicago Medi
cal College is largely indebted to his labors for ils many
finely articulated skeletons, in the jireparalion of vvhich
he has always shown great pride and unusual skill. In
1867 he was married to Hattie Scarrilt, of Alton, Illi
nois. He has contributed nirmy valuable papers to Ihe
leading medical journals of the country, which have been
raost favorably received by Ihe profession. Two of these
are very iraportant, not only in research, but in diagnoses
given and reraedies suggested and confirmed. These are,
" New and Old Methods of Treating Lachrymal Obstruc
tions," and " Strabismus : its Phenomena, Pathology, and
Treatment."

ARFIELD, RICPIARD N., Judge of Saline
County Court, Harrisburg, Illinois, was bora in
Nicholas counly, Kentucky, July 22d, 1820. His
father emigrated lo Kentucky from ihe State of
Maiyland, and becarae a well-to-do farraer of
Nicholas counly. In 1824 he raoved to Plender
son counly, and continued prosperously engaged in agri
cultural pursuits up to the time of his dealh, which occurred
in 1838. Richard N. vvas educated in the common schools
of his native Slate, and upon quilling these at the age of
nineteen, commenced farraing on his father's estate, which
was located on Ihe Ohio, near the raouth of Green river.
He continued in this occupation until 1853, when he
raoved to Illinois, purchasing a. farm in Saline counly.
Two years laler he was elected County Clerk of that
counly, and held that office until December Ist, 1865,
bringing to the discharge of his duties a rare degree of
execulive abilily. Upon his retirement from this station
he returned to his farm, reraaining in its raanagement
until 1868, vvhen he became a meraber of the firm of
Conover & Weir, raerchanls, of HarriSburg. He withdrew
from this business connection in l86g, and resumed farm
labors, retaining to the present time Ihe fine eslate he origi
naUy purchased. In 1873 he was appointed Mail Agent
on the Cairo & Vincennes Railroad, and in the succeed
ing November was elected County Judge of Saline county.
His Jiolitical affiliations have been Republican ever since
i860. Though often irajiortuned to accept party nomina
tions, he uniformly declined until 1873, when his candidacy
for the county judgeship vvas urged by voters of both
Jiarties. His election was the result of the joint support
of the Republicans and Democrats, a practical evidence
of the very high esteem in which he is held by the com
raunily in which he resides. During the war he was
prominent in his support of the administration. He has
achieved a fine repulalion as a judge, his decisions and
rulings being characterized as the productions of thorough
legal research and learning. He is the President of the
Board of Trustees of the tovvn of Harrisburg, having been

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

309

the first to occupy that post. In everything pertaining lo the
welfare of that community he takes an active interest. He
was married, in June, 1844, to Catharine F. Cheney,
daughter of Philip Cheney, of Henderson counly. She
died, July 4th, 1849. O" April 14th, 1852, he married
Annie E. Church, who died, June 22d, 1853, in Saline,
Illinois.

r& SAY, EDWARD G., Lawyer, was bom in Phila
delphia, Septeraber I7lh, 1825. His father, John
Asay, vvas a merchant of that city, where he slill
resides at an advanced age, having long since
retired from active business. His education vvas
acquired in the private schools of Jacob Harpel
and Rev. Williara Mann, a Methodist rainister and fine
classical scholar, father of Williara B. Mann, ex-Dislricl
Attorney of Philadelphia ; in those eslablishraenis, notwilh
standing his delicate state of health, now changed to one
of strength and vigor, he jirogressed rapidly in his studies,
and laid a solid foundation of knowledge which after .ac
quireraents has developed into a cultivated and brilliant
scholarship. While in his eighteenth year he coramenced
preparing for the ministry under the superintendence of
Drs. Cooper and Kennedy, both Methodist preachers of
culture and celebrity. After remaining under their joint
instruction for a period of two years, he entered inlo the
ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, preaching at
Taniaqua and Tremont, in Pennsylvania; Dover, Dela
ware, and Easton, Maryland. In Ihe year 1849 he mar
ried Emma C. Oliver, daughter of James C. Oliver, of
Pottsville, Pennsylvania, who is still Uving and actively
engaged in many works of public charity. Of Ihis raarriage
there are three sons living — -the eldest engaged in raer-
cantile business; the second reading law in his fitther's
office ; the third a student at Yale. After preaching for four
years he began -to suffer so acutely wilh bronchitis that he
was compelled to withdraw frora the pulpit. He then
travelled lo Ihe Soulh, sojourning for a lime at Tallahassee,
Florida. Upon returning to Ihe North, in 1853, he resigned
the ministry, retaining the entire confidence and esteem of
his co-laborers in the church, who recognized fully, but
wilh regret, the reasons rendering imperatively necessary
the pursuance of this course; and he retained his "parch
ments" up to Ihe year 1858, when, at his own request,
they were cancelled. In 1853 he went to New York city,
and there engaged in a mercantile affair which occupied a
portion of his lime ; also about this time he comraenced the
study of law, contributing meanwhile to many of the lead
ing periodicals of the day and raaking many friends araong
the resident literateurs. Early in 1856 he jiassed his ex
araination — the exarainers being J. T. Brady, Richard
Busteed, and Messrs. Whiting and Gerard — and was ad
mitted lo Ihe bar. He shortly after removed to Chicago,
Illinois, arriving in that city in March of the same year.

and immediately coramenced Ihe practice of law. Thence
forward until 1871 he did not once leave the city except
when called away on professional business. Although pos
sessing a very extensive general law practiee, he is noted
for his attachraent to. criminal law, and for his unvarying
and brilliant success in its practice. During Ihe first fifteen
years of his practice at Chicago he defended over sixly
capital cases in different parts of the country, and not one
of his cUents suffered the extreme penalty of the law— a
record which has been rarely surpassed in Ihe criminal law
annals of our counlry. Although generously interested in
all matters, social, political and benevolent, he is in no
sense of the word a political partisan. During the first
Presidential campaign of Abraham Lincoln he delivered
several powerful orations favoring his election, but is en
tirely independent of all party prejudices and influences.
Through his knowledge of the law in all ils bearings,
aspects and minutiae, his personal eharaeteristics and his
reputation for fairness, he exercises a powerful control over
a jury, and by his invariable avoidance of the use of those
naked technicalities, which are only too often relied on, he
wins its confidence and esteem. As a bibliophile he is
well known in this country and in Europe. His library,
which is Ihe result of a lifetime work, contains many rare
books in the various departraents of literature, being espe
ciaUy rich in Elizabelhian poetry and Shakesperiana as well
as Americana. A curious incident has contributed to endear
his books to him. In Ihe suraraer of 1871, being about lo
start for Europe, wilh his wife and three sons, on an ex
tended tour, he vvas considerably puzzled to provide quarters
for his books. After debating every suggestion for their
storage in Chicago, he ca.lled inlo counsel Ihat eminent
Bibliophilisl, Mr. Joseph Sabin, of New York, who at
once offered to care for them if sent to him. The books
were packed and . sent to New York, and kept by Mr.
Sabin at his ovvn house, ancl thus barely escaped the great
fire that destroyed eyery olher collection. After an absence
of about eighteen raonlhs in Europe he returned, wilh his
faraily, in the fall of 1872, lo Chicago, where he resumed
the practice of his profession and is as busy as ever.

AVIS, CRESSA K., Allorney-at-Law, was born in
Spencer counly, Indiana, on Noveraber lolh, 1830.
His falher, Silas Davis, was born in Virginia, and
early in life moved to Kenlucky; frora thereto
Spencer county, Indiana, and engaged in farm
ing ; thence to Dubois counly, frora which counly
he was sent to the Legislalure for Iwo terras, and was a
raeraber when the code was fraraed. Cressa K. was edu
cated at the coraraon schools of Indiana. In 1852 he began
the study of medicine with Dr. Hughes, at Huntingburg,
Indiana, and at the same lime was engaged jn raercantile
pursuits. He continued his studies two years, and during

310

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

the course of his studies he assisted his preceptor in his
praclice. He concluded, hovvever, to abandon the raedical
profession, not having a fancy for it, and coraraenced the
study of law with General Vealeh, of Rockport, carrying it
on at intervals only, or rather only a portion of his tirae, as
his pursuils adrailted. In 1858 he moved to Shawnee
town, and there was licensed as a practising attorney. He
made that his horae and coraraenced the practice of his
profession, continuing there Iwo years, when he moved to
Harrisburg, which is now his home. In 1861 he entered
the army as Captain in the 6lh lUinois Volunteer Cavaliy,
and served until December, 1862, when he resigned and
returned to Harrisburg, and resumed the praclice of the
law, in which he is now actively engaged. Plis clientage
has at all times been a large and lucrative one. In 1864
he was the Presidential elector from this dislrict on the
Democratic ticket ; he has ever been a consistent meraber
of that party. He was raarried in 1869 to Miss Pearce,
of Harrisburg.

JUTERBAUGH, SABIN D., Lawyer and ex- Judge
of the Circuit Court, Sixteenth Judicial Circuit
of Illinois, was born in Miarai counly, Ohio,
September 28lh, 1834: His father, Jacob Puter-
baugh, a farmer, moved with his faraily to a farra
near Mackinaw, Tazewell county, Illinois, in
1839, and there engaged in agricullural and mercantile
pursuits. In his boyhood he was the recipient of a com
mon school education, and until his eighteenth year was
occupied as a clerk in his falher's slore. He taught school
one term, and then removed lo Pekin, Illinois, and entered
the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court ami commenced
reading law with the lale Hon. Samuel W. F'uller. He
was admitted to the bar in 1856, and at once, in connection
with his preceptor, entered upon the practice of his profes
sion in Pekin, where he remained until 1862, Mr. FuUer
having in the meantime moved lo Chicago. On the out-
brea'c of the rebellion he was appointed by Governor Yates
first Major of the iilh Regimenfof Illinois Cavalry, serving
actively until Noveraber, 1862, jiarticipating in the battles
of Shiloh, Corinlh and various other engagements in western
Tennessee and Mississippi. Resigning his coraraission he
returned horae, and at once removed lo Peoria, IlUnois,
and resuraed the praclice of lavv and began the preparation
of a work on " Common Law Pleading and Practice," which
was first published in 1864. In that year he associated
himself with Colonel R. G. Ingersoll, with whom he re
mained in practice until 1867, when he was elected Circuit
Judge, and held that position until 1873, vvhen he resigned
and resumed Ihe practice of his jirofession. He had writ
ten in Ihe meantime another work entitled " Pulerbaugh's
Chancery Pleading and Practice," which vvas published in
1874. His Comraon Law work, having previously gone
through two more revised editions, was generally recog

nized as a standard vvork. In 1874 he entered inlo part
nership with John S. Lee and M. C. Quinn, under the style
of Pulerbaugh, Lee & Quinn. He is a persevering and
discriminating student, and his inquiries concerning the
theorems, data and principles of law have been uniforraly
characterized by acute perception and patient investigation.
He was married, November i8lh, 1857, to Annie E.
Masters, a former resident of Pekin, Tazewell county, by
whom he has had three children, two sons and a daughter.

ARKS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Lawyer,, was
born in Oakland counly, Michigan, October 2d,
1828, and is a son of Calvin C. Parks and Harriet
Thomas. His falher was a well-known and
prominent lawyer in Michigan, and subsequently
in Illinois, the latter portion of his life being
passed in Waukegan, in this Stale. Benjamin F. was
educated in Michigan University, wdiere he graduated in
1848, subsequent to vvhich he studied law in the office of
Ferry & Searles, in Waukegan, being admitled lo the bar
in 1850. During the same year he located in Aurora,
marrying, July 20th, 1851, M.aria H. Erskine, of Maine, an
estimable lady, to whom he attributes much of his success
in life. During the jieriod spanned by the past twenty-five
years he has justly been regarded one of the best and raost
successful lawyers in Ihe Fox river valley, his worth being
attested by the people of Aurora electing hira their first
City Attorney. He vvas afterwards raade Judge of the
Court of Coraraon Pleas, in 1859, which office he held for
four years, discharging the duties of Ihe office wilh great
satisfaction to the people. He vvas also elecled Mayor of
Aurora in 1869, and during his mayorailly he was especially
active, araong other duties, in perfecting arrangeraents
whereby Aurora has to-day one of the best organized and
raost efficient fire departments of any interior town in the
West. Judge Parks w.as one of the first to respond to the
call for soldiers at the beginning of the great civil war.
He enlisted in the service in 1861, holding a Lieutenant-
Colonel's commission in the I3lh Illinois Infantry, serving
six months in Missouri under the command of General
Wyraan. Trained in the school of Deraocracy frora his
boyhood, he reniiiined a rigid adherent to the Democratic
parly amid all the changing fortunes of that political or
ganizalion down to the Grant and Wilson campaign of
1872, vvhen he look the sturap in behalf of the Republi
cans, doing gallant and vigorous service for the parly in a
series of addresses, vvhich were reported and used as cam
paign documents throughout Ihe Lbiited Slales, being
regarded as among the raost briUi.rat speeches of the
canvass. Possessed of an active temperaraent, of large and
generous impulses, coupled with extensive general informa
tion and versalUe talent, il is natural that he vvould lake an
active part in the events that - largely make up the history

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of his city; and the proud position Aurora occupies to-day
in the midst of her sister cities abundantly demonstrates
how well his work, in coinpany wilh his co-laborers in
behalf of his adopted town, has been perforraed. Though
ripe in the experience of an exciting active life. Judge
Parks is yet a young man in the vigor of his manhood,
and his history is largely in the future.

OORE, ASA H., Railroad Operator, vvas born in
Rutland, Westchester county, Massachusetts, Oc
tober 28th, 1820. His parents were of Irish-
Indian extraction. His education was acquired
in the common schools of his native State ; he
attended their sessions during two raonlhs in each
winter, frora his twelfth to his seventeenth year, the re-
'maining ten raonths being passed in laboring on a farm.
¦In Noveraber, 1839, when nineteen years of age, he took
the position of railroad conductor on the road extending
frbra Springfield to Worcester, Massachusetts, running Ihe
first regular passenger train that had ever been over that
road. In this capacity he acted for six years, then accepted
a sirailar position on the Old Colony Railroad — now known
as the Old Colony & Fall River Railroad — which he
retained for the five years following. He was, at the
expiration of that time, appointed to the Assistant Super
intendency of the Northern Indiana & Michigan Southern
Railroad, and removed to Laporte, Indiana, in 1852; after
a residence of two years in that place he went to Bloora
ington, Illinois, July 31st, 1854; there, under the appoint
ment of Assistant Superintendent of the Chicago & Missouri
Railroad — now known as the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis
Railroad — he resided for a period of two years. He vvas
then appointed to the General Superintendency of the
same road, and occupied that office during the ensuing
seven years. At the time of his apjiointment the road was
-under the control of Henry Dwight, of New York; three
months later it passed into the hands of George Matteson,
of Illinois; and when entering its employ as Superintendent
the concern was virtually in a state of bankruptcy; at the
expiration of his term of seven years the entire stock was
delivered over to the bondholders. Since his residence
permanently in Blooraington he has dealt very extensively
in real estate, his purchases in single transactions often
araoun'ting to thousands of acres ; and his raany operations
in this business have usually been crowned with great success.
In 1865 a street railroad, connecting Blooraington and
Norraal, a distance of three miles, was buUt; in 1869 he
became the possessor, by purchase, of its entire stock,
accessories and appurtenances, and at Ihe present time is
its sole owner and controller; that investment has proved
-to be a highly remunerative one, and the business con
nected with it is steadily assuraing larger and raore lucrative
proportions.- In all matters connected with the well-being

3"
of Bloomington he is an active and generous mover and
assistant ; also in movements and enterprises of a moral and
religious eharacter he takes a warm interest, contributing
wilh unostentatious liberality to worthy objects of all kinds.

WING, WILLIAM LEE D., United States Sena
tor, was elected, December 29th, 1835, to serve
out the unexpired term of Elias K. Kane. The
election vvas a protracted struggle, and not de
cided untU twelve ballots had been taken. Gen
eral Ewing, il Kentuckian by birth, was a gentie
man of culture, a lawyer by profession, and had been rauch
in public life. He vvas appointed Receiver of Ihe Public
Moneys at Vandalia. He was Speaker of Ihe Slate Senate
in 1834, and by virtue of that position had been acting-
Governor for fifteen days. His titie of General vvas of
raUitia origin, and he attained some distinction in the Black
Hawk war. He vvas genial and social, wilh fair talents,
though little originaUly. His term expired in 1837.
Under Governor Ford he was elected Slate Auditor.
He died, March 25th, 1846.

ATTESON, JOEL A., elected Governor of Illinois
in 1852, was born in Jefferson county. New York,
on August 8lh, 1808, whilher his falher had re
raoved frora Verraont three years before. His
falher was a farmer in fair circumstances, but a
common English education was all that his only
son received. Joel first terapted fortune as a small trades
man in Prescott, Canada, before his majority. Thence he
returned home, entered an acaderay, taught school, visited
the large eastern cities, improved -a farra his father had
given hira, made, later, a tour Soulh, worked there in
building railroads; experienced a storm on the Gulf of
Mexico, visited the gold diggings of northern Georgia,
whence he returned via Nashville to St. Louis, and through
Illinois to his father's home, and married. In 1833, having
sold his farra, he reraoved with his wife and one child to
Illinois, and took a- claira on government land near
Au Sable river, in the present Kendall counly. He opened
a large farm. In 1835 he bought largely at the government
land sales. During the speculative real estate mania
which broke out in Chicago in 1836, and spread all over
the State, he sold his lands under the inflation of that period
and removed to Joliet. In 1838 he became a heavy con
tractor on the Illinois & Michigan Canal. Upon the com
pletion of the job, in 1841, when hard times prevaUed,
when contracts were paid in State scrip and all public
works abandoned, the State offered for sale seven hundred
tons of railroad iron, which was purchased by Matteson at
a great bargain. This he shipped and sold at Detroit,

312

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

realizing a handsome profit. His enteqirise next prompted
hira to start a woollen mill at Joliet, in which he prospered.
In 1842 he was elected a State Senator. Frora his well-
known capacity as a business man he was made Chairman
of the Comraittee on Finance, a position which he held
during this and two other senatorial terras. Besides his
extensive woollen raills and subsequent canal contracts, he
also operated largely in buUding railroads. In 1852 he
was elecled Governor by the Democratic party. He had
shown himself a most energetic and thorough business man;
these qualities he brought to bear in this high office, and in
the four years of his administration the taxable properly of
the State vvas about trebled and taxation considerably re
duced. When he carae inlo office less than four hundred
miles of railroad were constructed in the State ; when he
went out Ihe nuraber vvould vary Uttle frora three thousand.
As a politician he was just and liberal in his views, and
both in official and privale life he stood untainted and free
from blemish. As a, raan, in active benevolence, social
virtues, and all the araiable qualities of a neighbor or citi
zen, he had few superiors.

'ARLIN, THOMAS, elected Governor of lUinois
in 1838, vvas born near Frankfort, Kentucky,
July i8th, 1789, and raoved with his father to
Shelby county in 1793. In 1803 the faraily
raoved to the Spanish Country, Platin Creek,
Missouri. The falher of Carlin died the sarae
year he seltied in Missouri, leaving his widow and seven
children, Thomas being the oldest. The parents of Carlin
on both sides were of Irish extraction. The circurastances
of the father were liraited, so the son had but little oppor
tunity of gaining an education, that section being destitute
of schools at that day. At school, which he attended at
long intervals, he had as a guide a spelling-book only. In
early raanhood he applied himself to remedy this deficiency,
being his own tutor. He vvas fond of reading through life.
Oa June 3d, 1812, he entered the miUtary service of the
United States as a jirivate. The vvar was then commencing.
He served in the carapaign to Lake Peoria and in the array
under Governor Edwards, and camped near Black Par
tridge's town. It was necessary to reconnoitre Ihe Indian
town at night. Carlin volunteered as one of four to recon
noitre and report. They went through every part of the
village wiihout detection. They reported the strength and
situation of the enemy, so that the army could be conducted
vvith certainty to the attack. In 1813 he raarched in the
carapaign under General Howard Ihrough the country be
tween the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. All through he
proved hims^ilf a soldier of undaunted bravery. Pie was
married in 1814 to Rebecca Huitt, and lived on the banks
of the Mississippi, opposite the raouth of the Missouri, four
years, vvhen he moved lo Greene county. He located the

town site of CarroUton. He was the first Sheriff of Greene
county, and afterwards was twice elected a Senator to the
Legislature. He served in the Black Hawk war. In 1834
he was appointed by President Jackson Receiver of Public
Moneys, and removed to Quincy. When the county of
Macoupin was established, the county seat — Carlinville —
was naimed in honor of him. In 1838 he was elected Gov
ernor of Illinois, and he performed the duties of that station
with a sound judgment and practical common sense. At
the close of his gubernatorial term he removed back to his
old home at CarroUton, where he spent the reraainder of
his life, as before his elevation to office, in agricultural pur
suits. In 1849 he served out the unexpired terra of J. D.
Fry, in the lower house of the Legislature. He died Feb
ruary 14th, 1852, at his residence at CarroUton, leaving
surviving him his wife and seven children. Governor
Carlin was truly a self-made man. He comraenced in
humble circumstances, and by his talents, energy, and in
tegrity he reached the highest office in the gift of the people
of the State.

EYNOLDS, JOHN, fourlh Governor of Illinois,
was bom in Pennsylvania in 1788, of Irish par
ents, who removed to Tennessee, where he re
ceived a classical education. He imbibed from
the frontier people their characteristics of manner,
customs, and speech, all of which attached to hira
through life, and of none of which he took any pains to
divest himself. His imagination was fertile, but his ideas
vvere poured forth regardless of logical sequence. He had
an extraordinary disconnected sort of memory, and possessed
a large fund of detached facts relative to the early settlement
of St. Clair and Randolph counties, which were erabodied
by him in a work entitled the " Pioneer History of Illinois."
He was much in public life, and in 1818 was elected an
Associate Judge, and afterwards succeeded to the office of
Chief- Justice, upon the resignation of Chief- Justice PhiUips.
He served three terms in Congress, being first elected in
1834, while he was Governor, and was afterwards coramis
sioned one of the State Financial Agents to negotiate large
loans to carry on State improvements. He always claimed
Ihe staunchest adhesion to the Democratic party. In 1858,
however, he refused to follow the lead of Douglas, but
sided with President Buchanan in his efforts to fasten
slavery on Kansas. In 1830 he was elected Governor over
William Kenney. This office he filled four years. During
his adrainistration the Black Hawk war was begun and
ended. In i860, old and infirm, he attended the Charles
ton Convention as an anti-Douglas delegate. In Ihis con
vention no man received raore -attention from Southern
delegates than he. He supported Breckenridge for the
Presidency. After the elections in October foreshadowed
the success of Mr. Lincoln, he published an address urging
Democrats to rally to the support of Mr. Douglas. Imme-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

313

diately preceding and during the lale war his correspondence
evinced a clear sympathy for the Ireason of the South.
About the 1st of March, 1861, he urged upon the Buchanan
officials the seizure of the treasure and arms in the custom
house and arsenal at St. Louis. He died in Belleville,
May, 1865. He vvas married twice, but had no children by
either of his wives.

^ISHER, GEORGE, Lawyer, Surveyor of Customs,
and ex-officio Collector of the port of Cairo, Illi
nois, was bcrn in Chester, Vermont, April 13th,
1832. Plis parents were both natives of Nevv
England. His falher, Joseph Fisher, vvas of
Scotch origin, vvhile his mother, Orythia (Selden)
Fisher, was a Uneal descendant of John Selden, the eminent
English statesman, vvho figured so prominently in English
literature and politics during the first half of Ihe seventeenth
century. His ancestors on both the paternal and maternal
side were among the earliest pioneers and settlers of New
England. His education was begun in Ihe common schools
of his native town ; continued at Chester Academy, where
he fitted for college, and was completed at Middlebury Col
lege (located at Middlebury, Vermont), vvhere, after a four
years' rigid course of study, he graduated with honor in
1858. Upon leaving college he vvas at once appointed
Principal of the academy at Randolph (Centre), Vermont.
This position he held during the ensuing three years, and
in that time achieved for himself a name among the first
teachers of his native State. He then removed to Alton,
Illinois, where he spent three years as Principal of one of
the grammar schools of that city. He was teaching in
Alton during the war of the rebellion, and did all in his
power, both in and out of Ihe school-room, to inculcate the
principles of loyalty and patriotism. While teaching in
Alton he pursued privately the study of law under the gen
eral advice and counsel of Hon. H. W. Billings, and later
of Seth T. Sawyer. In 1864 he was admitted lo the
bar. He then removed to Cairo, vvhere he has since re
sided, and engaged in the active practice of his profession.
There he has won a fair practice and the esteera and confi
dence of the entire community among whom he resides.
While he engages to some extent in the active practice of
the court-room, his business consists mostly of a large office
praclice and Ihe settlement of estates, which he has raade a
specialty. In politics he has always been an active, zealous,
and consistent Republican, and to the support of his party
brings natural abilities of no mean order, inheriting a love
for public affairs from his raaternal ancestors of seven or
eight generations. In l86g he was appointed Surveyor and
ex-officio CoUector of the Customs for the port of Cairo,
Illinois, and vvas reappointed in 1873. He has been a
member of the Board of Education of the city of Cairo for
several years, and takes a very Uvely interest in the public
schools of the city, vvhich have attained a very high and
40

enviable reputation. He has also been a very active and
earnest worker in Ihe Sabbath-schools of his county and
Stale, and in all that concerns the welfare of his adopted
Stale and county he is warmly interested, and has in various
ways assisted effectively in aiding to secure Ihe advancement
— social, moral, and political — of the community amid
which he is an honored and valued citizen. Pie was raar
ried, November 29th, i860, to Susan G. Copeland, of Mid
dlebury, Vermont.

-eJlirUNNINGHAM, JAMES R., Lawyer, ex-Mem-

ber of the Legislalure of IlUnois, was bom in
Litchfield, Kentucky, Septeraber igth, 1831. His
falher was a native of Virginia, his mother a
native of Maryland. Both emigrated to Ken
tucky wilh their parents when quite young, and,
subsequently man and wife, lived in Ihis State until their
decease. He was educated at Sl. Mary's CoUege, near
Lebanon, Kenlucky, and on leaving school engaged in
merchandising, a business in whieh he was employed
during the ensuing four years. He then coraraenced the
study of law with WUliara L. Conklin, of Litchfield, and
in 1856 was licensed to practise, beginning his professional
labors in that place. In 1857 he reraoved to Charleston,
where he has since resided, and won an extended reputa
tion as a lawyer of learning and abilily. In i860 he was
elected Stale's Attorney for Ihe Fourth Judicial Dislrict,
and held Ihe office for a period of four years. He has
always been a supporter of the Deraocratic parly. For
three years he has been a meraber of the City Council
of Charleston, for two years City Attorney, for three
years a member of the Board of Supervisors, and for two
years Chairman of the Board. In 1870 he was elected
to the State Legislature, from Coles county, and served
one terra. In 1872 he was a candidate for Slate Senator,
but failed to secure an election. Also, for two years he
was a prominent member of the Stale Deraocratic Central
Coraraittee. He vvas raarried, Januaiy gth, 1861, to Mary
M. Smith, of Paris, Kentucky.

ROSS, HON. WILLIAM, Editor, was bom on the
4th of November, 1813, in an old log-house near
Port Jervis, in Sussex county, New Jersey. He
vvas the oldest son of Deacon Moses Bross. When
he was nine years old Ihe family removed to Mil
ford, Pennsylvania, vvhere he resided until he had
grown to raanhood. When work was comraenced on the
Delaware & Hudson Canal, his father went into the lumber
ing business and was assisted by William, who thus attained
great muscular developraent, which has since been of great
sendee to hira. In 1832 he coramenced his classical
studies at Milford Academy, and two years later he entered

314 Williams College. His preparatory studies had been greatly
interfered with by the manual labors of rafting, lumbering,
etc., but nevertheless he was soon known as a promising
student, and graduated with honors in 1838. On graduat
ing he was $600 in debt for his education, but this debt he
wi soon able to pay from his earnings. In the fall of
1838 he becarae Principal of Ridgebury Acaderay, near his
birth-place, and taught there until the spring of 1843, when
he removed to Chester and taught there for five years, vvhen
he went to Chicago, arriving on the 12th of May, 1848.
He had previously been West on a prospecting tour, and
- decided on Chicago as the best place for settling, although
it was then but a small town. He went as the active part
ner in the bookseUing firra of Griggs, Bross & Co., and re
mained alone in the business until fall, when Mr. Griggs
went on from the East and joined him. He continued in
-, the business a year and a half, vvhen the firm vvas dissolved,
and he, in company with Rev. J. A. Wight, started the
Prairie Herald, a religious newspaper, vvhich vvas continued
for about two years with raoderate success. In 1852, in
corapany vvith the late John L. Scripps, he started the
Democratic Press, a political and coramercial paper. It was
conservative in its tone until the formation of the Republi
can parly, in 1854, when the Press became a strong suji
porter of Republican principles. The editor, not content
with advocating those principles through his paper, soon
coramenced their advocacy on the platforra, and speedily
becarae known as a strong and effective speaker as well as a
pov/erful and coraprehensive writer. The Press was ably
conducted as a political paper, but it was pre-erainently a
coramercial paper, and soon carae to be acknowledged as
the commercial newspaper of Chicago. In ils columns
appeared the first financial article ever published in the
coraraercial department of any daily newspaper in Chicago.
The leading idea of the paper was to " write up " Chicago
and the Norlhwest, and this was done with eminent power
and success. Some of Ihe editor's predictions and asser
tions were thought at the time to be the utterances of a man
unbalanced through excess of enthusiasra, but they have
since received the full endorsement of sober statistics, and
his eamest articles had untold influence in developing the
railroad and canal enterprises which have so raarked the
career of Chicago. In 1857, during the panic, the Demo
cratic Press and the Tribune having bolh felt the flnancial
shock, consolidated under the name of the Press and
Tribune. Two years later the first part of the name was
dropped, and the paper stood henceforth as Ihe Chicago
Tribune, one of the powerful papers of the country. As
before, William Bross was the leading spirit of the paper,
allhough others were associated with him in its conduct.
The Tribune early advocated the nomination of Mr. Lincoln
for Ihe Presidency, and when the vvar came was earnest in
urging it forward on the highest grounds. The editor's
services in the Union cause were appreciated by the people
of Illinois, and as a token of that apjireciation they elected

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

him to the position of Lieutenant-Governor. In 1855 he
had been elected a raember of the Chicago Comraon Coun
cil, and these two are the only official positions he has filled ;
but he has worked more powerfully out of office than he
could have done in it. He married in i83g the only
daughter of Dr. John T. Jansen, of Goshen, New York. Of
this marriage four sons and four daughters were born, but
all these, save one daughter, died. Personally WiUiam
Bross is of medium height, robust frame, square features,
ruddy corajilexion, high forehead, gray eyes, luxuriant hair.
He has a keen, resolute, yet pleasant expression of face, a
brisk, firm step, and an easy, graceful carriage. He can
" toil terribly," is frank, outspoken, energetic, clear in his
perceptions, warm in his impulses, swift and sure in his
judgments, liberal with a judicious liberality ; a powerful
and able writer ; a strong and effective speaker ; a most effi
cient presiding officer ; a most devoted and untiring public
man, and withal a man of genial and popular social charac
teristics.

RANSON, HON. N. W., Lawyer and Legislator,
was born in Jacksonville, Morgan county, Illinois,
May 2gth, 1837. His parents were residents of
Kentucky and North Carolina. After acquiring
a prelirainary and jireparatory education, he en
tered ujion a course of study in the higher branches
in the IlUnois College, graduating from that institution in
1857. During the course of the ensuing year he was en
gaged in teaching in the Sullivan Acaderay, located at
Sullivan, Moultrie county, Illinois. Subsequently, deciding
to embrace the legal profession, he read law under the able
guidance and careful supervision of David A. Sniilh, then
residing in Jacksonville. Upon the corapletion of the usual
terra of studies, he passed an examination, and was ad
mitted to the bar in June, i860. In the following March
he commenced the active practice of his profession at
Petersburg, Menard county, Illinois, meeting with deserved
success. In 1867 he was appointed by Chief- Justice Chase
Register in Bankruptcy, an office whose functions he jier-
formed wilh marked abilily. In 1872 he was nominaled as
a candidale for the Twenty-eighth General Assembly of
Illinois, and elected a meraber of that body. While acting
in this capacity he vvas appointed to the Chairmanship of
the Committee of Slate Institutions, and in various olher
ways was recognized as an able and efficient associate. In
1874 he vvas re-elected to the Legislature, and during its
sessions vvas appointed a member of various committees of
more or less importance. His jiolitical sentiments and
principles incline him strongly to the Republican parly, and
he is widely recognized as one of its most valued and useful
adherents. As a legal practitioner he is upright, skilful,
and learned, and in the matter of professional erudition
takes a high and acknowledged rank. In the halls of the
Legislature he has Won attention by his energy, urbanity,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

315

and the vigorous exercise of his natural talents, while he has
labored incessantly and profltably for Ihe welfare of his Slate
and county. He was raarried in 1861 to Fannie D. Reguier,
daughter of Francis Reguier, a resident of Petersburg!
Menard county, Illinois, by whom he has had one child, a
daughter. ,

fILL, JAMES W., Pharmacist, Professor of Phar
macy in the Chicago College of Pharmacy, vvas
born in Brechin, Scotland, Deceraber 20th, 1835.
His studies embraced a thorough English course,
including Latin and Greek, and were pursued al
the academy in his native place. In Ihe ancient
languages he was unusually proficient, and was awarded the
silver medal, then the highest prize, for his excellent and
thoroughly scholastic and practical knowledge of both Latin
and Greek. Upon leaving school he served a year with a
pharmacist at home, and in 1852 emigrated to the United
Stales, becoraing an apprentice lo Messrs. Carleton & Ilovey,
of LoweU, Massachusetts, having shortly prior to Ihis con
nection passed a brief period in Andover, in the same Stale.
After serving five years with that firm, he removed lo
Chicago in Ihe spring of 1857, and entered the employ of
Sargent & Ilsley, with whom he continued some time. He
then went to Davenport, Iowa, where he was engaged by
Mr. Jacoby, a pharmacist, with whom he remained until the
spring of 1858, when, returning to Chicago, he re-entered
the eraploy of Messrs. Sargent & Ilsley, with whora he con
tinued until i860. He severed his connection wdlh this firm
in that year and started in business on his sole account, and
has achieved fine success by the exertion of skiU and industry
in a pursuit vvhich demands the nicest exercise of care and
attention. He is at present located al the corner of Adams
and Halsted streets. Soon after the original organizalion
of the Chicago College of Pharmacy, he became prominently
identified with it, and has ever since taken an active interest
in all its proceedings. When its reorganization took place
in 1865 he was chosen Secretary of the institution, filling
that station with rare judgment and ability for three years,
after which he was elected to its Vice-Presidency, and in
March, 1874, to ils Presidency, and now fills this latler
office. In the winter of '72-3 he was elecled Professor of
Pharmacy in the college, and now fills Ihat important chair.
As early as 1864 he became a member of the Ainerican
Pharniaceutical Association, and has ever been one of its raost
energetic supporters. He has contributed many papers,
which embody the results of laborious research in the
domain of chemistry and in the preparation of medicinal
compounds which are invaluable to Ihe association, and to
medical practitioners generally. His additions to the litera
ture of Ihe profession are characterized by an originality of
investigation and a fluency and systematic arrangement
which render their reading both pleasing and highly profit-

science of pharmacy, ready and perspicuous in expression,
he makes a thorough and attractive instructor. He is
highly esteemed by Ihe medical and pharmaceutical profes
sions for the infallible accuracy which he has obtained from
close attention and a long experience in the laboratory.
Affable in demeanor, and generous by natural imjiulse, he
has won the lasting respect of Ihe community, both in his
social and professional life. In 1850 he was married to
Alice W. Slack, of Providence, Rhode Island.

ITT, COLONEL DANIEL FLETCHER, United
States Surveyor, vvas born in Bourbon county,
Kenlutky, June I3lh, 1810, being the son of
Martin Hitt, a farraer. When four years of age
his parenls removed to Champaign county, Ohio,
vvhere his education was commenced in the cora
raon schools. These he subsequently left for an acaderay,
in which he closely applied hiraself lo study for eighteen
raonths. Another year was spent in a railitary school, when
he entered Oxford Universily, Oxford, Ohio, and remained
two years. Among the studies pursued here, and for which
he evinced a special liking, was that of surveying. In the
details and methods of this occupation he attained thorough
famiUarity, and shortly after leaving the college he became
connected with the government topographical corps in
Ohio, which was then surveying the route of the Mad River
Railroad. After his labors here he went to Illinois, where
he assisted in making the surveys for the Illinois & Michi
gan Canal until completed. He Ihen became identified
with a government corps at vvork in Illinois in surveying
government lands, and while thus engaged volunteered to
aid as a soldier Ihe federal forces against Black Hawk who
had commenced to war upon the settlers. He served during
1831. The outbreak having apparently been quelled, he
returned to his forest surveys, which he continued for some
time, and Ihen in 1832 rejoined the array. Black Hawk
having again taken the offensive. The first intiraation he
had of the renewal of Indian hostilities was a tragic one.
One of his packraen was toraahawked by the savages. Upon
joining the array he was appoinled First Lieutenant, and
served with gallantry and bravery until the war ended.
During Ihis period he located al Ottawa, and was soon after
chosen as Ihe first County Surveyor elected in La Salle
county. Pie acted in this capacity for raany years. As
early as 1831 he became proprietor of "Starved Rock," a
cliff upon Ihe banks of the IlUnois noted as the place where
one band of savages, who had retreated to it for safely from
a more numerous band of eneraies, were starved to death.
It is a place of great natur.al beauty, and is frequented by all
tourists in search of the picturesque. In 1840, under Ihe
direction of the Uniled Slales governraent, he explored the
shores of Lake Superior, especially those portions lying

able. Thoroughly familiar with all the branches of the ! back from the lake which have since given such great evi-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

dence of their boundless raineral wealth. It vvas upon his
report and suggestion Ihat the government purchased that
rich belt of land from the Indians. On May Ist, 1848, he
was married in Peoria, Illinois, to Phoebe Smith, of Penn
sylvania. In 1855 he began farming upon a very extensive
scale in the vicinity of Ottawa, and was thus engaged when
the late civil war broke out. He at once entered the field
as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 53d Illinois regiment, and was
engaged in active service. When his superior. Colonel W.
H. W. Cushman, resigned, he was jiromoted to the cora
raand of the regiment, and continued in the field until he
vvas disabled by an accident which resulted in serious inter
nal injuries. After two and a half years service he returned
home, and as soon as his health recovered, he resumed
agricultural pursuits. He is now one of the Trustees of the
Ottawa Academy of Science. He is a man of great motive
teraperaraent, and remarkable force of character. He loves
rural occupations, and is never so much at home as when in
the expanse of a prairie, or the deep solitude of the forest.

jANDEVENTER, WILLIAM L., Lawyer, was
bom at Mount Sterling, Brown counly, Illinois,
April 25th, 1836. His grandfather, Alexander
Curry Vandeventer, was the proprietor of the
tract of land on which was afterward built the
town of Mount Sterling, laid out and founded by
him. His father, Jacob Vandeventer, was for many years
Judge of the Counly Court, and served also in the Senale of
the Slate. He was educated in the schools of his native
place, and in 1857 comraenced his legal studies under the
instructions of Lysander C. Wheat. At the completion of
his probationary term under that able preceptor, he vvas ad
mitted to the bar Septeraber 17th, 1858. Since that lime he
has been constantly and successfully engaged in the practice
of his profession at Mount Sleriing, where he holds a fore
most rank as an able and learned lawyer. He is exception
aUy well versed in all points relating to his profession, and
has conducted to successful issues many cases of impor
tance. He represented Ihe counties of Cass and Brown in
the Constitutional Convention of 1870, and for one year
acted as County School Coraraissioner. He was raarried
Deceraber 22d, 1859, to Sarah A. Wash, a former resident
of Kentucky.

[HOADES, SILAS, Attorney-at-Law, was born in
Nicholas county, Kentucky, on April i8th, 1834.
His father, Silas Rhoades, was a native of Vir
ginia, and emigrated to Kentucky in the last
century, afterwards moving to Indiana, where he
died in 1841. Silas, Jr., attended the primitive
schools of that day in Indiana, and on leaving worked on a
farm a few years, when he leamed the trade of carriage and

wagon making. He then was engaged in merchandising;
part of the time for himself, and also for others. He was
also a clerk on the Ohio river boats. In 1856 he was mar
ried to E. A. Heath, of Washington, Indiana, when he
moved to Centralia, and from there to Metropolis, where he
engaged in business for himself and continued it for one
year. He then moved to Shawneetown, was employed in
the Clerk's office, and studied lavv with Colonel Thomas PI.
SmilK In 1863 he was admitted to the bar. Previous lo
this, in 1861, he was elected magistrate, and has been re
elected at the expiration of each term. In 1865 he com
menced the practice of the law and has continued it ever
since. In 1874 he became associated wdth Plon. F. M.
Youngblood, of Benton, which leg.al partnership still con
tinues. Mr. Rhoades enjoys a large and lucrative practice,
and is one of the leading lawyers of Shawneetown.

AIS, CHARLES JACOB, M. D., was bom in
Louisville, Kentucky, on November 1 6th, 1840.
His father and mother were both natives of Ger
many, who on arriving in this country settled in
the just named city. He was educated at the
public schools of his native city. On leaving
school he engaged himself as a clerk in the drug business in
Louisville, and afterwards conducted an establishment of
his own. While thus occupied he began the study of medi
cine, which he continued for several years. He attended
lectures at the Old Kentucky Medical School and graduated
from the sarae institution. In early life he was left quite a
large fortune, for vvhich reason he worked and studied only
when so inclined. His health also has been very poor frora
boyhood up ; he is never able to pursue any vocation any
great length of time, In 1867 he began the.practice of his
niedicine in Louisville, having relinquished his drug busi
ness. In 1868 he raoved to Indiana, and there engaged in
the practice of his profession and also in the drug business.
He continued there until 1872, and then raoved to Equality,
Illinois, where he vvas able to remain but a short time, on
account of iUness. Returning to his home in Louisville, he
reraained there until recovery, when he raoved to Shawnee
town, IlUnois, where he is novv engaged in the practice of
his profession, and has well established himself

OBERTS, CESAR A., Lawyer, was bom in Jef
ferson county, Missouri, June 24th, 1825. His
father, William F. Roberts, of Maryland, was by
trade a millwright, and settled in Illinois in 1814,
thus ranking araong the early pioneers and set
tlers of this State. His mother, Elizabeth For-
quer, was a resident of Virginia. His education was such
as could be obtained in the log school-houses of his native

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

317

place. In 1850 he came lo Pekin, the county seat of Taze
well county, Illinois. Prior to his reraoval to the Northwest
he had studied medicine in Missouri under the directions of
Dr. Sarauel Skeel, and graduated at the Missouri Medical
College, at St. Louis, in 1850. Establishing himself in
Pekin, he practised niedicine there until 1859, and during
this tirae, having fitted hiraself to practise law, he was ad
mitted to the bar in the spring of i860. Sinee that date he
has been constantly engaged at the bar, and in 1865 asso
ciated with him N. W. Green. In 1864 he was elecled
Slate's Attorney for the Twenty-first Judicial District, com
prising the counties of Tazewell, Mason, Menard and Cass.
This flffice he held for four years, and while acting in that
capacity evinced the possession of sterling abilities. In 1870
he was a meraber of the Twenty-seventh General Assembly,
representing Tazewell county in the lower House, where he
served on the Judiciary Committee, and also on the Com
mittee on the Penitentiary. He has at times been City
Attorney for Pekin. Although at one time prorainent in
political circles, he has of late eschewed politics, and con
fined hiraself almost exclusively to the care of the numerous
interests connected with an extensive practice. He was
married in 1850 to Sarah G. Clark, a former resident of
Washington, by whom he has had four children.

¦ ICK, ROBERT, Merchant, was bora in GaUatin
counly, Illinois, on November I3lh, 1819. His
falher, Charies Mick, was a native of Pennsyl
vania, in which State he lived until he was four
teen, when he successively raoved to Tennessee,
Missouri, and Illinois, the last-naraed State finaUy
becoraing his home. He bought a farm in Pope county,
and afterwards located at GaUatin county, that part vvhich is
now Saline county, and there died. His mother was a
native of Wilmington, North Carolina, from vvhich place
she moved to Tennessee, vvhere she met Mr. Mick, and they
were married. Robert attended the common schools of
that eariy day, which afforded but few advantages. On
leaving school he began to cultivate his farm, in which he
continued until he was thirty, devoting his time solely to
that and to stock raising. He then rented his farras, having
acquired three, and engaged in raerchandising, in vvhich he
has continued to the present day. His success in this avo
cation has been great; he does a flourishing business now,
and in the tirae past has succeeded so well as to acquire
thirteen farms, averaging more than 2600 acres, besides
considerable real estate in the town of Harrisburg. As a
citizen he is highly esteemed by all, and as a business man,
his success, which is all vvell earned, is sufficient to speak
for his qualifications. Starting business twenty-five years
ago, he deals to-day vvith the same houses he first bought
-of He commenced with no money or woridly goods but
-his fann, and to-day he is one of the wealthiest citizens of

Saline county. Pie was married in 1844 to Martha J.
Strieklin, of Saline county, who died in October, 1868, and
a second time in l86g to Mrs. H. Neyberg, of Harrisburg,
Illinois.

f HRISTY, WILLIAM M., Lawyer, was bora in
Beaver county, Pennsylvania, on February 15th,
1830. His falher, John Christy, of Irish parent
age, was born in Pennsylvania, where he spent
his life in farming. His mother was also a
native of the sarae State. He attended tbe local
school and graduated frora Jefferson College. After leaving
college he went south on a tour of obsei-vation, and spent
eighteen raonths in Ihat raanner ; part of the tirae he taught
school in Tennessee and Mississippi. Returning to his
home in Armstrong counly, Pennsylvania, he spent the next
two years in reading law with Judge Buffington, when he
vvas licensed as a practitioner, and moved to Peru, Indiana,
spending the greater portion of two years in that place. He
Ihen made a journey to Natchez, and on returning, moved
to Saline county, Illinois, which has since been his home.
Here he has been actively engaged in practising his profes
sion. In 1861 he formed a copartnership vvith General
George B. Raura, vvho represented the dislrict in Congress.
This firra existed until .a few raonths ago, when General
Rauin removed his family lo Golconda. Besides attending
to the clairas of an extensive practice, Mr. Christy has been
largely engaged in real estate speculations and farming,
owning several large farras. In politics he has been a Re
publican from the inception of that parly, and his zeal and
influence have benefited the organization in his section. He
was married in 1861 to Kate Glass of Peru, Indiana.

lyiEEDER, ISAAC H., M. D., was born in Mont-

(9 ¦?

gomery county, Ohio, in 1824. His father, Jacob
I Reeder, v/as of Gerraan origin ; his raother,
^- Frances (Crane) Reeder, is a descendant of the
old Scotch Presbyterians. They carae to Illinois
at an early date, settling ultiraately in Lacon, the
county seat of Marshall county. His education was acquired
at the Northwestern Universily of Chicago, where he cora
pleted the allotted course of studies, and whence he entered
subsequently the Rush Medical College, graduating from
Ihat inslilulion in the spring of 1852. Coraraencing practice
in McLean counly, he remained there during the ensuing
eighteen months, and at the expiration of this tirae returned
lo his horae at Lacon, vvhere he has since practised, raeeting
with raerited success. In 1862 he entered the service of
the United States, enlisting as Surgeon in the loth regiraent
of Illinois Infantry, and in connection with that body served
efficiently Ihrough the war ; then after quitting the field, re
turned to the civil practice of his profession in Lacon. He

3-18

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

has an extensive general practice, but devotes particular
attention to the care of cases demanding surgical treatment.
He is a member of the State Medical Society, and also of
the Marshall County Medical Association, and duri.ng the
past year officiated as President of -this institution. He has
at various limes and upon various appropriate occasions
contributed lo the literature of the profession, and is respected
by his confreres and the coraraunity at large as a careful and
reliable surgeon and physician. He was mamed in 1850 to
C. D. Lucas, of Blooraington, Illinois.

^REGG, JAMES M., State's Attorney, Saline counly,
was born in Hamilton counly, Illinois, on Novem
ber 5lh, 1846. His father, Hugh Gregg, a native
of South Carolina, emigrated to Illinois at an early
day, and engaged in farming; he represented his
district in the Legislature, Ihree temis in the
House, and one terra in the Senate. Jaraes received his
education at the comraon schools of the State. At Ihe age
of twenty he was appoinled Deputy Clerk of the Circuit
Court of .Saline county, where he reraained three years.
During this time he began the study of law under Judge
Duff and attended lectures at the Benton Law School. He
was licensed on February 28th, 1868. After leaving the
clerk's office, he began the practice of Ihe law at Harrisburg.
In 1871 he was appointed Master in Chanceiy, and held the
position for two years. Before the expiration of this term,
he was appointed State's Attorney for Saline Court, and at
the ensuing Noveraber election he was elected to that
office, which he still occupies. Mr. Gregg, vvhile the
youngest meraber of the local bar, has a large and lucrative
practice and enjoys by far the largest civil business of any
lawyer thereat, all won' by his industry and attention to
business. His talents as a jurist are recognized very gener
aUy. Mr. Gregg has alvvays been a Deraocrat as vvas his
father, and is an active participant in local politics. He was
raarried in 1870 to Miss Hutchins of Harrisburg.

|EIR, JOHN H., M.D., vvas born in South Caro
lina, October 5th, i8og, being the son of Sarauel
and Jerairaa (Butler) Weir, who were both natives
of the same Slate, and who raoved to Kenlucky
when he was quite young. His father vvas a well-
known planter. He was educated at Andover,
Massachusetts, graduating from the classical department of
the college at that place in 1833. He then entered the Boston
Medical College, attached to Harvard College, and look his
degree of M. D. from that institution in 1835. He located in
EdwardsvUle, Illinois, coramenced practice there, and has
ever since foUowed his professional duties in that town and
section. His practice is a very large and general one, though

of late years he has paid more particular attention to obstetrics,
and diseases of women, as a branch, than to any other. He
has contributed largely to the medical press, and is now the
corresponding editor ofthe Southern Medical Record,wh\eh,
is published at Atlanta, Georgia. He is a meraber of Ihe
Madison Medical Society, and has filled the position of
President of that body. He vvas married in 1836 to Mrs.
H. S. Temple, nee Damon, of Reading, Massachusetts, who
died in 1838, and in 1839 he was married to Maiy Hoxsey,
of Illinois. His son, Edward H. Weir, is novv practising
medicine with him, and has been for four years.

AFFORD, ALFRED B., Cashier of the City Na
tional Bank, Cairo, Illinois, vvas born al Morris
town, Vermont, on January 20th, 1822. His parents
were natives of Verraont, and came of Revolu
tionaiy stock in both branches, the grandfathers
of each having served during that war. His
Jiarents eraigrated to IlUnois in 1837, and settied in Will
county and engaged in farraing. Alfred was then fifteen
years of age, and had before raoving to the Stale attended
the schools of Verraont. He continued at school in Illinois
until he vvas twenty-one years old. He then began the
study of lavv wilh William A. Boardraan, at Joliet, Illinois,
and pursued his studies for three years, when he abandoned
the law and engaged in merchandising, continuing therein
until 1854. In Ihat year he moved to Shawneetown, vvhere
he started Ihe State Bank of Illinois, and was ils Cashier.
In 1858 he removed to Cairo and slEfrled the City Bank,
afterward changed to the City National Bank, and has
been its Cashier since ils organization. In 1870 he organ
ized the Enterprise Savings Bank, of which he vvas raade
President, and continues as ils first officer. He was married
in 1854 to Julia Massey, of Watertown, New York, who
died in 1862. Again in 1864 to Anna Candee, of Cairo.

OWMAN, WILLIAM GRANVILLE, Attorney-
at-T^aw, ex-Judge, ex- Stale Senator, vvas born in
Pulaski counly, Kenlucky, on January 7th, 1829.
His father, Winston Bowman, was born in Vir
ginia in 1804 ; emigrated lo Kentucky at an early
dale, and engaged in farming in Pulaski counly,
where he died in 1853. William G. attended the common
schools at his horae in Kentucky, and on leaving there,
being bul fourteen years old, he struck out for himself, be
ginning his travels through raany of the Western towns,
part of the tirae engaged as clerk in raercantile eslablish
raenis, and then again in the same capacity on steamboats
on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. In 1846 he reached
Independence, Missouri, and there entered a printing
Having learned the trade, lie bought out the busi-

office.

'BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

319

ness, and for the next two years edited and published the
Western Expositor. He then sold out his paper and
returned to Kentucky on a visit to his parents. From that
tirae untu 1855 he was engaged in teaching school in the
Slates of Kentucky and Illinois. At that dale he began
the sludy ofthe law with N. L. Freeman, at Shawneetown,
and at the expiration of two years he was adrailted to the
bar and began the praclice of Ihe lavv at that jilace. In
1859 he was elected Judge of the County Court of GaUatin
county. He held that until the expiration of Ihe terra,
when he was re-elected for a full terra. On leaving the
bench he resumed his praclice and has continued it uninter
ruptedly ever since. In l86g he was elected a raeraber of
the Constitutional Convention, serving until its close. In
1 87 1 he vvas elected to the Slate Senate from his district,
which was composed of nine counties, and served until the
end of that term. He is now engaged in his practice,
which is a large and laborious one. He was married on
November 21st, 1853, in Union counly, Kenlucky, lo Mary
J. Currey, by whom he has had six children.

'HENEY, CHARLES EDWARD, D. D., Bishop
of the Reforaied Episcopal Church, was born at
Canandaigua, Ontario county. New York, on Feb
ruary 12th, 1836. Plis father was of western Mas
sachusetts stock, and his mother a member of the
Chipman family of Vermont, being the daughter
of Hon. Lemuel Chipman, one of the early settlers of west
em Nevv York, and niece of Hon. Nathaniel Chipman, an
honored Chief Justice of Vermont, and wann personal friend
of Jefferson. Perhaps the Bishop's intense Protestantism has
sorae relation to the fact that in his ancestry has mingled the
blood of the Holland Dutch, who were the sturdy defenders
of the truth against Spanish and Popish oppression, and that
of Ihe Pilgrims of the " Mayflower." His father was a self-
educated man, who by hard study vvhile a fanner's boy pre
pared himself first to teach school, and then lo pursue the
study of medicine. For forty-nine years he practised his
¦profession in Ontario county. A raan of peculiarly strong,
vigorous mind, large benevolence, and untiring industry, he
died in 1865 universally resj'ec ed and beloved. Through
his kindness of heart he was led late in life into business
entanglements which impoverished him. The subject of
this sketch was obliged in part to provide for himself in his
preparation for college, during his college course, and in the
theological seminary. To the discipline thus acquired he
doubtless owes much in life. He graduated at Hobart Col
lege, Geneva, New York, in 1857 ; entered the middle class
in the theological seminary of the Protestant Episcopal
Church in Virginia, near Alexandria, in the fall of the same
year, and in December, 1858, was ordained Deacon "by
•Bishop De Lancey of western New York. In Februaiy,

i860, he was ordained a Presbyter by the same bishop, and
becarae Rector of Christ Church, Chicago, at that time not
in flourishing circumstances. The church steadily grew in
influence and members up to Ihe spring of 1869. At Ihat
time began Ihe difficulty which has been one of the causes
that led to Ihe organizing of the Reformed Episcopal Church
and to Dr. Cheney's election as a bishop. For something
over a year previous lo that date he had omitted in the
baptisra of infants the positive averraent which the liturgy
of the Protestant Episcopal Church puts into the mouths of
ils ministers, of the regeneration of Ihe child in Ihe bap
tisraal act. In a memorial which was by him sent on to the
General Convention of the Protestant Episcop<al Church, in
the auluran of 1 87 1, but which was suppressed by even the
Low Churchmen to whom it was intrusted, on the ground
that it would " provoke irritation," he gave the mental and
spiritual history which led lo the course he pursued. No
member of Dr. Cheney's ovvn flock complained of the
omission. The Rev. Mr. Goodspeed of the Second Baptist
Church, in a conversation of a somewhat controversial
chai'acter with Bishop Whitehouse, alluded to tiie fact that
it vvas known that Dr. Cheney made such an oraission, and
on such information was based Ihe original proceedings
against him. Bishop Whitehouse demanded of Dr. Cheney
that he should thereafter use the service in its entirely.
Refusing to do this, proceedings vvere begun that looked
toward his deposition. Dr. Cheney, believing that his
court (selected by Bishop Whitehouse, his accuser) was of
entirely High Church character, and " chosen to convict,"
appealed to a eivil court lo interpose. An injunction was
issued by Judge Jameson, of Ihe Superior Court of Chicago,
whieh for eighteen months stayed the proceedings. Dis
solved by the Suprerae Court, the injunction was reraoved
and the trial proceeded in the sjiring of 1871. Meanwhile
one of the court had been removed by his election as Bishop
of Arkansas. Yet in spite of protest from the defendant,
Ihe remaining four triers proceeded to their work, and re
jecting all evidence of Ihe friends of the defendant, con
victed and sentenced him to an " indefinite susjiension "
from the rainisliy — that .is, he was lo be suspended till he
should agree to conform. The church and vestry at once
begged Dr. Cheney to continue his work in spite of the
sentence. He did so, and laler in the same year another
ecclesiastical court, of which Rev. Dr. Locke, of Grace
Church, was President, deposed him frora the ministry for
" contumacy." Again Christ Church declined to recognize
an illegal sentence ; still Dr. Cheney's voice vvas heard reg
ularly in its walls. At last three laymen of Christ Church
were persuaded by Bishop Whitehouse to lake Ihe initiative
in a law suit to wrest the property of the parish from Ihe
congregation, on the ground that having been built for a
Protestant Episcopal Church il could not be used by a min
ister who was no longer of that communion. The congre
gation resisted the application on the ground that their
minister had never been legally deposed ; his original sus-

320

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

pension (on wdiich the second trial and deposition were
based) having been accomplished by a court consisting of
four members, vvhen the law entitled hira to five. That
suit was decided against Dr. Cheney's adversaries by Judge
Williaras, last summer. But they are understood to have
appealed to the Supreme Court. Meantime a singular
course of circumstances has made the suit as erapty a strug
gle as that of " Jarndyce vs, Jarndyce," inasmuch as the
properly has long since ceased to belong to the Protestant
Episcopal organization known as Christ Church, and that
organization itself has practically ceased to exist. In
December, 1873, the separation of Bishop Cummins from
the Protestant Episcopal Church led to the establishment of
the Reformed Episcopal Church. At ils organization Dr.
Cheney was elecled a Bishop. He positively refused the
office till he should be assured that it wotdd not interfere
wdlh his relations to his beloved flock at Chicago. This
assurance having been given he accepted the position. In
January the parish of Christ Church — still being a congre
gation of the Protestant Episcopal Church — were unable in
consequence of the panic to meet obligations of a mortgage
for JS7000 and interest. The church was sold under fore
closure, and bought in by Mr. William Aldrich, of the well-
known firm of Stewart, Aldrich & Co. Subsequently a
church was organized, known as " Christ Church, Reformed
Episcopal." To this organization Mr. Aldrich sold the
properly. Plence, while a lawsuit is still in progress
against the vesliy of the old Protestant Episcopal parish of
Christ Church, it is but a raere empty name — stat nominis
umbra. The property has passed beyond any possible
reach of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Meantime
Bishop Cheney continues to preach to his old flock and to
numerous additions continually entering the fold. He has
an associate rector in Rev. WiUiam M. Postlethwaite, re
cently of Nevv York city, a preacher of great eloquence and
power, and a. rainister who has made his mark as a pastor
and organizer. The work before Bishop Cheney is a vast
one. He is al present the raissionary Bishop of the Norlh
west for planting the Reforraed Episcopal Church. What
ever power Bishop Cheney has as a preacher is probably
due to two circurastances: Ist. He preaches (in days when
the whole drift of the age is in the direction of departure
frora the old beliefs) an old-fashioned gospel. No itinerant
Methodist of forty years ago, no Puritan of the eariy Nevv
England days, ever proclairaed a raore uncoraproraising
religion than he. Al Ihe sarae tirae he dwells continually
on the Divine love as revealed in Jesus Christ. His rever
ence for Scripture, his belief in its full inspiration, and his
fidelity to it in his preaching, would be regarded by many
in even orthodox churches as savoring of Ihe superstitious.
2d. His manner of setting forth truth has added to his in
fluence. His stock of illustrations seems inexhaustible.
Nature, science, commerce, social life, and human h story
are made to contribute to the elucidation of every point.
-Many regard his use of imjigery and illustration as extrava

gant and altogether too profuse. But if it be so,- it never
theless has been an important factor in such usefulness as he
has achieved.

ISSELL, WILLIAM H., elected Governor of
IlUnois in 1856, was born April 25th, 1811, in
the State of New York, near Painted Post, Yates
counly. His parents were obscure, honest, God
fearing people, who reared their children under
the daily example of industiy and frugality.
Young Bissell received a respectable but not thorough
academical education. By application he acquired a
knowledge of medicine, and in his early raanhood carae
West and located in Monroe county, IlUnois, where he en
gaged in the practice of that profession. But he was not
enamored of his calling; he was swayed by a broader
arabition, and the mysteries of the healing art possessed no
charm for him. In a few years he discovered his choice
of a profession to have been a mistake, and when he ap-
jiroached the age of thirty sought to begin anew. Dr.
BisseU, no doubt unexpectedly to himself, discovered a
singular facility and charm of speech, the exercise of vvhich
early acquired him local notoriety. It soon carae to be
understood that he desired to abandon his profession and
take up that of the law. During terras of court he would
spend his time at the county seat araong Ihe raerabers of Ihe
bar, who extended lo him a ready welcome. In 1840 he
was elecled as a Democrat lo the Legislature frora Monroe
county, and made an efficient member. On his return
home he qualified himself for adraission lo Ihe bar, and
sjieedily rose to front rank as an advocate. His powers of
oratory were captivating. Wilh a pure diction, channing
and iniraitable gestures, clearness of statement, and a re
markable vein of sly humor, his efforts before a juiy told
with alraost irresistible effect. He was chosen by the
Legislature Prosecuting Attorney for the circuit in which he
lived, in which position he fully discharged his'duly to the
State, gained the esteem of the bar, and seldora failed to
convict the offender of lavv. When war vvas declared with
Mexico, in 1846, he enlisted and was elected Colonel of
his regiment. He evinced a high order of military talent,
and on the bloody field of Buena Vista acquitted hiraself
with intrepid and distinguished abilily. After his return
horae, at the close of the vvar, he vvas elected to Congress.
He served two terras. He vvas an ardent politician, and in
1856 vvas elecled as a Republican to the high position of
Governor of Illinois. On account of exposure in the array,
the reraote cause of a nervous forra of disease gained en
trance lo his systera, and eventually developed paraphlegia,
affecting his lower extremities ; whicb, while it left his
body in comparative health, deprived him of locomotion
olher than by the aid of crutches. This unfortunate cause
prevented him taking jiart in his ovvn canvass ; he was
withal successful, and won a splendid vdclory. When it is

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

remembered that Governor Bissell, in the short period of
sixteen years, became distinguished in a profession he did
not choose until alter reaching the ,age of thirty, and alike
distinguished himself as a soldier, an accomplished orator,
and as the standard-bearer of a new parly, his life may
be considered a briUiant success. On March i8th, i860, he
died, at the early age of forty-eight, having ten raonths
longer to serve .as Governor. Bissell was the only execu
tive of the Slate who died iu that office. He was twice
married ; the first time to Miss Jaraes, of Monroe county,
by whom he had two children. She died soon after 1840.
His second wife vvas a d<aughter of Elias K. Kane, formerly
Uniled Slates Senator from this Slate. She survived him a
short time and died wiihout issue.

^RANT, WILLIAM CUTTING, Lawyer, was
born, October 8lh, 1829, in Lynn, New Harap
shire, his parenls being Peter and Dolly (Ware)
Grant. The former, a farmer by occupation, was
a descendant of Matthias Grant, one of the orig
inal settlers of Dorchester, Massachusetts. His
wife was a native of Thelford, Vermont. When six years
of age William C. lost his falher. Shortly after this event
he entered the public schools, which he attended until his
twelfth year, when his mother raarried Raymond Hall, and
removed lo Chelsea, Vermont. Here he was placed in the
High School, which he attended until his sixteenth year,
and had made such rare progress in his studies that at that
early age he had fitted ninvself for teaching, which he im
mediately coraraenced. In the following year he cora
menced his preparations for a collegiate career at Thelford
Academy, where he reraained until 1847, passing his win
ters in teaching. He then entered upon the full course in
Dartraouth College, and after three years of conscientious
attention to its various branches, graduated with the class
of 185 1, among whose members were E. W. Nillan, ex-
member of Congress ; E. A. RoUins, late Commissioner of
Internal Revenue ; Charles Welchcap, Daniel L. Shorey,
P'raiik Clark, of Waukegan, Enoch Hosk, and other gentle
men who have since attained prominence in civil life. After
graduating Mr. Grant accepted the Principalship ofthe An
dover Academy for one year. In 1852 he becarae Principal
of the Howe School, Andover, filling that position until
1855, having coraraenced during Ihis period to read law.
Upon severing his connection wilh Ihis institution he en
tered the law office of Hon. W. B. Hebard, of Chelsea, Ver
mont, where he reraained until 1856, when he passed an
examination and was admitled to the bar. He subsequentiy
attended the Daw Law School of Harvard CoUege until the
sjiring of 1857, vvhen he removed lo Chicago, and entered
the office of Williams & Woodbridge. After a short en
gagement with this firm he opened an office and entered at
once upon the practice of his profession. He accepted a
41

proposition from these gentleraen to becorae a raember of
Iheir firm, and was adraitted, the partnership narae being
changed to Williaras, Woodbridge & Grant. The firm re
raained thus eonstiluted until 1863, when Mr. Williams was
elecled Judge of the Circuit Court. The business was then con
tinued as Woodbridge & Grant, and remained as such until
1867. Frora this date until 1871 Mr. Grant practised alone.
He then associated wilh Mr. Swift, urider the firra-name of
Grant & Swift, and this copartnership still continues. Their
praclice is a very large and lucrative one, real estate trans
actions and chancery cases forming no inconsiderable jiart
of il. Mr. Grant is one of the ablest lawyers at the bar,
ranking high by reason ofhis brilliant talent as an advocate
and advising counsel, and for his attractive qualities in social
life. He is conscientious in the discharge of his duties,
never undertaking a disreputable case, and at all tiraes dis
countenancing needless litigation. He is a gentleraan of
scholarly tastes, and as brilUant a conversationalist as a coun
sellor. He is attorney for the National Bank of Illinois,
the State Savings Inslilulion, and a number of olher prom
inent business and banking institutions. He is a meraber
ofthe First Presbyterian Church. In 1861 he was married
to Jennie A. McCallen of Chicago. He takes a deep inter
est in local and national affairs ; is a member of the Re
publican party, and though he has been urged to do so,
Las never accepted public office.

f HOISSER, EDMUND D., M. D., was born in
G.allalin counly, Illinois, June 5th, 1824. His
father, of French parentage, was born in Kas
kaskia, Illinois, and was the first male child of
while parenls born in the Stale ; he was engaged
for many years in manufacturing salt in this secr
tion. Edmund D. acquired his education in the common
schools in the neighborhood of his horae, and upon relin
quishing his prelirainary studies entered the service of the
Uniled Slates, and enlisted in the 3d Illinois Infantry, ii
body raised and organized to take part in the Mexican war.
He was present at the taking of Vera Cruz ; at Cerro Gordo ;
and took part in the action at the " Broken-down Bridge."
Upon the expiration of the term of service for which he had
enlisted he returned home, and began the study of raedicine
under the instructions of Dr. Wilkey, who is Ihe oldest
citizen of Jefferson counly. After studying for a period
oftwo years he comraenced the practice ofhis profession in
connection with his forraer preceptor. During the ensuing
three years he lurned his attention lo farraing, raoving later
to Knob Prairie, where he engaged in the drug business.
Meeting with success there, he made that place his horae
for over four years. He then purchased a farm, and resuraed
his praclice, at which he continued until the breaking out
of the Rebellion. At this date he raised and organized a
company of soldiers, and was chosen to fill the position of

322

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

First Lieutenant, in vvhich capacity he served creditably
until, after fourteen months of service, he was conijielled
on account of increasing enfeeblement of health lo resign.
On returning horae he vvas appoinled as a recruiting officer,
and as such did service until the close of the war. He then
resuraed his praclice, and at the sarae time engaged in mill
ing operations, having becorae the owner of ii fine sleara-
mill. In 1872 he reraoved to Eldorado, where he has since
perraanentiy resided, constantly occupied in attending to Ihe
numerous duties connected wilh a large and remunerative
practice. He was married in 1847 to Melvina Wilkey, of
Jefferson county, IlUnois, vvho died January 14th, i860. He
was again married in 1867 to Mary L. Drexler, of St. Louis.

fCAMMON, JONATHAN YOUNG, Lawyer, was
born in Whitefield, Lincoln counly, Maine, in Ihe
year 181 2. He is vvell descended from the families
of bolh parents. His father vvas Hon. EUakim
Scararaon, a man of ability and integrity, vvho for
many years represented Ihe town of Pittslon in
the House of Rejiresentatives, and Kennebec counly in the
Senale in the Maine Legislalure. His mother was a d.atighter
of David Young, a pioneer who represented his district in
the General Court of Massachusetts, and was also a Revo
lutionary hero. Mr. Scararaon received his early education
at the Maine Wesleyan' Seminary, the Lincoln Academy,
and Waterville College, by Ihe last of which institutions the
degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him. He
read law in Hallowell, Maine, and, having been admitted
to the bar of Kennebec counly, travelled westward; reach
ing Chicago in Septeraber, 1835 ; coraing from Schenec
tady to Oswego by canal-boat, and Ihence by steamer lo
Chicago, as Ihere vvere no railways west of Schenectady al
that time. There was Ihen no available harbor at .Chicago ;
vessels anchored off the shore, and passengers were landed
from sraall boats. The place then numbered about 1500
inhabitants, Ihough claimed to have 3000. Il was low, flat,
and much of it liltie belter than a marsh. Yet Mr. Scam
mon, with other settlers, saw in its geograjihical position
proraise of future greatness, and abandoned his intention of
journeying farther, and located here, accepting the position
of assistant to Colonel R. J. Hamilton, Clerk ofthe Courts
of Cook County, and .subsequentiy becarae his deputy, with
privilege of Ihe office, and slept there at night : the old story
of youlh and energy against the odds of life. At the end
of a year he had secured sufficient legal practice to warrant
the abandonraent of his deputyship, and he forraed a law
partnership with Hon. B. S. Morris. This continued
eighteen raonths; and a year Laler he enlered inlo a like
partnership wilh Hon. N. B. Judd, vvhich extended to 1847.
The Galena & Chicago Railway had been chartered in
1836, but Ihe disaslers of 1837, vvhich brought general com
mercial distress upon Ihe country, suspended this enterprise.

and it was not till 1S47 Ihat any attempt was made to call
it again inlo Ufe. Messrs. William B. Ogden, Scammon
and olher gentlemen of Chicago, then made the attempt;
and to the exerlions of Mr. Scammon and Mr. Ogden, more
Ihan to any other person, is due the credit of building the
Galena Railroad, which was Ihe first really successful rail
road enterprise iu the Stale, and the falher of railway enter
prises in Illinois and the country west and northwest of
Chicago. It required no small amount of zeal, energy and
courage at that tirae to take hold of such an enterprise.
Messrs. Scararaon and Ogden travelled over the entire dis
tance from Chicago to Galena, addressing the people in
every town, village and haralet; urging eveiy one who was
above want lo further the enterprise by subscribing to the
stock of the road. The extent of their exertions is iUus
trated by the fact Ihat there were 1800 subscribers to the
work, who held only one share each ; and no one subscribed
for more than 1^5000. There was little capital or credit in
northern Illinois. Mr. Scararaon exerted himself to the ut
most to further this great public work, upon whose comple
tion the growth and prosperity of Chicago and the countiy
west of il greatly depended ; and .so determined and per
sistent was he in his endeavors that subsequently, when
most of the directors carae to the conclusion that means
could not be obtained for continuing the work, and tiiat it
raust be abandoned, he so stoutly resisted this conclusion
that the whole enlerprise was confided to him, wilh carte
blanche authority ; and the enterprise was saved from failure
by money obtained by him for the use of the road upon his
[irivale responsibility, when the company could obtain none
upon ils own credit. In 1837 Mr. Scammon was appoinled
attorney ofthe Slate Bank of Illinois; and in 1839 reporter
ofthe Suprerae Court of the Slate, which latter position he
held until 1845. To him, as much as lo any one man in
the city, Chicago owes her present admirable systera of pub
lic schools. Pie influenced legislation in favor of free
schools, and jirepared the original laws and ordinances un
der vvhich the successful public school systera of Chicago
vvas established. He vvas made Inspector and President
of the School Board, and continued his services therein
until the system vvas well established. One of the schools
of the city bears his narae. In 1849 he was elecled Presi
dent of the Chicago Marine & Fire Insurance Company, an
inslilulion chartered wdth banking privileges in 1836. And
since that time, until very recently, he has been engaged in
banking business, personally superintending the affairs of
the Marine Coinpany, and laler those of the Mechanics' Na
tional Bank, which grew out of a jirivate banking business
estabUshed by himself in 1861. He went to Europe in
1857, and when he returned in i860 learned ihat Ihe entire
capital of the Marine Company had been squandered by ils
resjionsible officers. He at once resumed its manageraent,
in the endeavor to arrest slill further disasteis ; but just then
the Rebellion broke out, and Ihe Southern stocks, upon
which the circulation of the Illinois banks was based, be-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

323

coming nearly worthless, the whole banking systera of the
State went down. Mr. Scammon worked away resolutely,
dealing equally and fairly by all his customers, and in a
ihort tirae h.ad paid off the indebtedness of the inslilulion
vvhich had been thus robbed and ruined. He restored
capilal and credit to, the corapany, and under his manage
ment his inslilulions continued to enjoy the public confi
dence, and to transact a large business, until the losses by
the great fire and the jianic of 1873 rendered it exjiedient lo
wind thera up. He was always opposed lo illegal and de
preciated- currency of the " wild-cat" order. The acts of
the Legislature which drove illegal currency from the State
were written by hira, and passed Ihrough his exertions. As
a raember of the Legislature of 1861 ha obtained further
stringent legislation on Ihe subject of banking. At the tirae
of Ihe great fire he occupied an enviable position. He had
won celebrity as a lawyer, and unlimited credit in business
as a banker, and had becoine possessed of a vast fortune.
But the terrible fire swept away his banks, warehouses,
stores and residence ; fully half a million dollars wortii of
jirojierly. In less than a week he had improvisetl a building
on the site of his late residence and resumed his banking
bu-;iness. He was confident the city would be rebuilt and
the old landmarks reslored. In fifteen raonths frora the
lirae of the fire he had expended over a raillion dollars in
rebuUding .stores, warehouses, etc. He not only shouldered
this enormous work, bul he also assisted others lo a large
extent in their efforts lo rebuild. Ju.st in the midst ofthese
gigantic unclerlakings occurred the defection of the Chicago
Tribune frora the cause of the RepubUcan party, leaving
that party without a representative morning paper in the
city. Through all his eventful professional and business
career he had never failed to take a deep and active interest
in national politics, and had aided materially in establishing
bolh of the Republican newspapers in Chicago. In view
of this defection and the .approaching Presidential carapaign,
he decided to found a large first-class raelropolitan news
paper, Ihat should be a powerful representative and advo
cate of the principles of tiie RepubUcan party. He accord
ingly constructed a building in the rear of his residence,
put in the necessary fixtures, engaged his editorial corps,
and on March 25lh, 1872, issued the first nuraber of the
Inter-Ocean, This paper proved a success, and now has a
larger weekly circulation than any other political jiaper west
of the AUeghanies. The paper, outgrowing its liraited ac
coraraodations, vvas reraoved to its present coraraodious
quarters. Lake street. It reraains to be said that, after the
splendid success of a lifetime, Mr. Scammon has becorae
seriously involved, in consequence of his great losses by
fires, his immense expenditures in rebuilcUng, and the loans
and assistance he rendered others vvho were rebuilding. He
has suffered from four considerable conflagrations within
the last four years ; and, vvhat is remarkable, hi,; fine resi
dence and surrounding buildings have been twice swept
away; first in the great fire of 1871, and again in Ihe great

fire of July, 1874, and in both instances his premises vvere
the last ones burned, while adjoining buildings, that were not
so well protected, escaped unharmed, lie is now quietly
engaged in the settlement of his affairs, and in the praclice
of his profession as a lawyer in Chicago. Many of the pub
lic institutions ofthe city owe their origin to hira. He was
one of the founders of the Chicago Acaderay of Sciences,
and of the Chicago Asltononiical Society. Pie was the first
of the Swedenborgians or New Churchmen in Chicago, and
one of the original founders of the Illinois Association of
that church. He organized the Church of the New Jeru
salem in Chicago. He vvas the first layman of prominence
lo favor the praclice of horaceopalhy in Chicago, and built
and conveyed free to the Hahnemann Hoiiioeopathic Society
a commodious and elegant hospital. The Dearborn lower
of the edifice of the Chicago University, in vvhich is placed
the largest refracting telescope in the worid, was built at his
expense, and the salary of its director paid by him till the
great fire of 1 871. On his return frora Europe in i860 he
was elected one of the trustees of the universily, and has
been for many years Vice-President of ils Board of Trustees,
and the acting President of the sarae. As a lawyer, a
banker and an editor he has achieved distinguished success,
and is a man of large lilerary and general culture. His
private characler has been one of moral and religious worlh.
Mr. Scararaon is an induslrious, energetic man, of robust
conslilution, and vigorously employing Ihe powers which
have in limes past reajied wealth for hira ; and there is still
jirospect before hira of years of honor, usefulness and fortune.
He bears on his shield the words. Confide in Domino.

RAWFORD, WILLIAM HENDERSON, Atlor-
iiey-at-Law, was born in Shawneetown, Gallatin
county, Illinois, May 7th, 1827. He is of Scotch-
Irish descent. His great-grandfalher fought in
Ihe Revolutionary war, and held the rank of caji
tain in the patriot forces, plis grandfather vvas
Judge I. II. Crawford, a distinguished citizen of Ohio. Ilis-
falher dying vvhile still a young man left him an orphan at
three and a half years of age. He was educated al ihe
GaUatin Acaderay, in Equality, Gallatin counly. On leav-i
ing school he engaged for a few years in Ihe saddlery and
harness busines";, pursuing during this time a course of legal
.studies. He had in fact, however, been, ina sense, a law
student since his fourteenth year, having always felt a strong
inclination to erabrace the legal profession. In 1852 he was
ajipoinled Poslraaster at Equality, and filled thai office until
January, 1857. In the raeantirae he was engaged also in
merchandising, and officiated as Cashier of the National
B.ank of Equality, a Stale institution. In 1858 he was
licensed, and then began Ihe practice of his profession in-
Gallatin county, where he has since been constantiy and
successfuUy occujiied. In 1861 he was again appointed

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Postmaster, and continued to serve in this capacity until
1867, when he was removed by President Johnson. He
has always taken an active part in poUtics, and has led his
party as its most influential member in this section of Illi
nois. Throughout his life he has been an acute and diligent
-student, and much of his time, vvhere his business permitted
,the diversion, has been devoted to the study of the sciences.
He has always striven lo jiromote Ihe welfare of his native
place, both in and out of office. He is unraarried, and his
life, which has been a successful though quiet one, has been
spent largely among his books, which form a collection at
once select and valuable.

fHEANEY, SAMUEL L., M. D., Physician, was
born in Henderson, Kentucky, on January 25th,
1835. His falher was a native of Virginia, and
emigrated lo Kentucky when but a boy with his
parents, who engaged in farming. When grown
to raanhood he married Miss Hazlewood, the
mother of the subject of tiiis sketch, who was the oldest
child. Until Samuel arrived at Ihe age of seventeen he
attended school in Henderson, when he began tbe sludy of
medicine with Dr. Kirably, of Owensboro, wilh whom he
studied two years, when he entered the Medical Departraent
of Ihe Louisville Universily, and after attending two courses
of lectures graduated in 1858. He then moved to Illinois,
and settled in Saline county, where he engaged in the prac
tice of his profession, continuing ils prosecution until 1861.
He then entered the army as a private in the 3d Illinois
Cavalry. Immediately after he had entered the service he
presented himself before the Medical Examining Board of
the State and passed an examination, receiving a certificate
ef grade of merit No. I. He then left Carap Butier wilh
his regiraent, and marched with General Curtis through
Missouri inlo Arkansas. While al Cross Hollows, Arkansas,
he received an apjiointment as Assistant Surgeon of the
29lh Illinois, which regiment vvas stationed in Tennessee.
Joining them he vvas there but one week when the regiment
marched lo Pittsburgh Landing, where they encamped until
the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, in which the regiment
took part and Surgeon Cheaney was on the field all through
the fight, which lasted two days. After Ihe battle he was
attached lo Ihe Field Hospital until all Ihe sick and wounded
had been cared for, when he rejoined his regiraent, wilh
which he reraained in the capacity of Surgeon until the battle
of Corinth. After the evacuation of Corinth he marched
wilh his regiment to Jackson, Tennessee, where he was
promoted to the rank of Surgeon. While there he raarried
Miss B. V. McCreed, of that place. He was then trans
ferred to the hospital at Meraphis, vvhere he had charge of
the Officers' Hospital for twelve months. Al this time he
was ordered to Vicksburg, Mississippi, to join his regiraent,
where he remained until the spring of 1864. They were

now ordered to Natchez, where he became Brigade Surgeon
on the staff of General B. C. Farrow. He continued in
that position until the October foUowing, when they were
ordered to join the command of General Canby, stationed
near New Orleans. Here they stayed until February, 1865,
when they were stationed at Dauphin's Island, where he
was placed in charge ofthe Division Hospital, which posi
tion he filled until the capture of Mobile. He was then
ordered by General Granger to estabUsh an Officers' Hos
pital in that city, which he did, and had charge until July,
when his coraraand sailed for Galveston. There he was
ordered to establish a Post Hospital, and had charge of it
until he was raustered out of the service in October, 1865.
He then returned home to Harrisburg and resuraed the
praclice of his profession. There he has been ever since.
His praclice, which is a laborious one, is very large. As a
physician and surgeon he stands at Ihe head ofhis profession.
His reputation is not confined to Saline county, but extends
far beyond il, and everywhere he is known as a professional
raan of unbleraished eharacter.

ROSS, FREDOLIN, President of the Alexander
County Bank and Judge of the County Court,
Cairo, Illinois, was born at Achern, Baden, Ger
raany, on May 22d, 1835. His parenls were born
in Baden, and lived there until their death. He
attended the Gerraan public schools until the
age of fourteen, and then studied at the architectural schools
for a number of years. At a fitting age he was apprenticed
to a cabinet-maker, and having learned the trade he worked
at it until 1853. In that year he emigrated to this country,
settling in Yazoo Ciiy, Missis.sippi. There he resumed his
trade. Thence he moved to Greenwood, in the sarae Stale,
and in company vvith his brother engaged on their own ac
count in business, which they extended into a manufactory
in a few years. After building up a fine trade Ihey lost con
siderable in cotton speculations. Selling out his interest to
his brother, Mr. Bross, intending lo locale in Missouri,
started by way of Cairo. Reaching that ciiy he delermined
to mtake the place his home, and so it has been ever since.
In Cairo he engaged in Ihe hotel and also in the wine busi
ness. He iraported foreign wines largely and dealt in
native wines. In this avocation he continued until 1864.
In that year he abandoned it, being elecled Police Magis
trate. To this office he vvas again and again re-elected. In
l86g he was chosen County Judge, and in 1873 he was re
turned to that office. He now holds bolh positions. For
many years he has been engaged in the foreign collection
and exchange business, and as agent for European claim
ants. In August, 1875, he was elecled President of the
Alexander Counly Bank, after the wilhdrawal of Messrs.
Lewis and Canedy. In jiolitics he h.as been the supporter

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

325

of the Democratic party from the beginning of his Araerican
life, and continues ils firm supporter now. Judge Bross
has always been an active business man, and it is to his
energy, determination and fine mercantile qualifications
that his success is due. He was married in 1854 10 Miss
Fisher, a native of Germany, but at the lime a resident of
Yazoo Ciiy.

jOBINSON, JOHN M., United States Senator from
1830 to 1841, was a Kentuckian by birth, re
ceived a liberal education and was a lawyer by
profession. While still a young man he raoved
to Illinois and settied at Carmi, where he married
and continued to make his home. Pie was lall
and erect in stature, well proportioned, of light coraplexion,
with a large head, pleasing countenance and winning ad
dress — a fine specimen of raanly beauty. He vvas known
as General Robinson, whieh title was derived from a con
nection with the militia orgjinization of the Slate. In
December, 1830, he was elecled to the Uniled Slates
Senale, to fill the unexpired term of John McLean. In
1834 he was re-elected on the first b,allot for a full term,
which expired March 3d, 1841. In 1843 he was elected
one of the Supreme Judges, but within two months after, on
the 27lh of April, he died, at Ottawa, away from home,
whither his reraains vvere taken.

good sense, a lively iraagination, a pleasant humor, ready
coraraand of language, his oratory flowed wilh a raoving
torrent, almost irresistible to the masses of his day. Wilh
these native attributes and a compass of intellect exceed
ingly great, consciousness of power caused him to rely
perhaps too much upon them to the exclusion of that dis
cipline, constant and painstaking sludy which make the
profound scholar. He vvas twice elected to Ihe United
Slates Senate, the last time, December 6lh, 1828, unani
mously, as the successor of Jesse B. Thoraas, for a full
terra, but he only served the first session, and after coming
home died at Shawneetown, in 1830, in the very prime of
his manhood, at the age of thirty-nine years. His dealh
was a great public loss, artd Ihe Legislalure, as a filling
teslimonial lo his meraory, named the large, fertile and now
populous county of McLean in honor of hira.

f CLEAN, JOHN, who was elected United States
Senator in November, 1824, to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of Plon. Ninian Ed
wards, was born in North Carolina, in I7gi. Al
the age of four years his falher's family removed
to Logan counly, Kentucky, where he received
such limited education as the country afforded. He studied
law, and in 1815, at the age of twenty-three, moved lo
Illinois and seltied at Shawneetown, with little means and
less credit, but endowed wilh great natural talents and
swayed by a lofty ambition. He speedily becarae con
spicuous at the bar and in political life. Three years after
he was a candidate for Congress, Daniel P. Cook being his
opponent. The contest was one of the raost animated and
vigorous ever made in the Stale, but was characterized
throughout by a high-toned courtesy, whieh eminently dis
tinguished bolh corapetitors. They were young men of
rare promise and alike won the esteera of the people.
McLean was elected by a sraall majority, but at the next
election he was defeated by Cook. McLean vvas frequently
a member of Ihe Legislalure, and Speaker of the House.
He looked the born orator. Wilh a large symraelrical
figure, fine light coraplexion and a frank, raagnanimous
soul, he exercised that magnetism over his auditory which
stamped him as the leader of men. Possessed of strong

EROD, THOMAS G. S., M. D., was born in
Smith counly, Tennessee, on February 7th, 1811.
His father, Levi Herod, and his raother were
natives of North Carolina, where they were
married, and whence they eraigrated to Tennes
see in 1801. Thomas was educated in Smith
county, and attended Porleris Hill Acaderay. On leaving
school he eng.aged in the sludy of medicine under Drs. J.
C. Mabry and C. L. Soulherland. After reading one year
he enUsted in the Tennessee troops to fight in the Florida
war; he was in the service seven months when he was dis
charged, at Nevv Orieans, and returned horae to Smith
counly and resumed the study of medicine under his old
preceptors. He continued studying with thera two years,
Ihen attended lectures al ihe Tran.sylvania University, and
graduated in Ihe year 1838. He then coraraenced the
practice of his profession at Memphis, in parlnership wilh
one of his former preceptors, Dr. John C. Mabry. This
associalion was maintained for one year, vvhen he moved
to Arkansas, and there practised in parlnershiji wilh Dr.
Williara B. Slone for one year. Returning for a while lo
Tennessee, he went back to Arkansas and engaged in
practice with Dr. McFarland, at Elizabethtown, near Jack-
sonport, and reniained there one year, when he moved lo
Fayetteville, Washington county, in the sarae State, and
practised there one year by hiraself He then located in
Independence, Missouri, and resided there nine raonlhs.
On October 4th, l83g, he married Harriet R. O'BryanI,
and started for Tennessee. Reaching Shawneetown, he
was requested to m.ake it his horae, which he did, and
there he has ever since lived. Plis praclice is a very large
one and very laborious. In 1846 he organized a company
for the Mexican service, with Captain M. K. Lawler, but
just before starting Dr. Herod was taken sick and had to
be left behind. In 1861 he raised a company of soldiers,
on the igth of April, which was the first company raised

326

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

forthe l8lh Regiment; of Ihis he was made Captain, and
filled the rank for one raonth, when he became sick and
returned horae. 'He then raised another coinpany, of vvhich
he was made Captain ; they marched to Carap Butler, and
were attached lo Ihe 6th Illinois Cavalry, of whieh he was
afterwards raade Major, and served as such until Novem
ber, 1863. In 18.66 he returned to Shawneetown and
engaged in the praclice of his profession, in whieh he is
now occupied.

' TOLP, JOSEPH G., Manufacturer, was bora in
Marcellus, Onondaga county. New York, on
August i6ih, 1812. His education was obtained
in the common schools of that town. He left
school in 1828, at the age of sixteen, and com
menced an apprenticeship to the wool-carding
and cloth-dressing business, and served five years, after
whieh time he worked at his trade in Marcellus until 1837.
In May of that year he started West, and settled in IlUnois.
The conveniences for traveUing at that lime were very in
ferior to those of the preseni day. He look a canal boat al
Jordan, New York, and was seven days getting to Buffalo ;
here he took a sailing vessel for Chicago, and vvas fourteen
diys on the lakes, arriving in Chicago June 12th, 1837.
He took a small araount of machinery with hira, for wool-
carding and cloth-dressing. This he left in Chiciigo, and
started on foot for Aurora, at that lime a little hamlet on
the Fox river, in Kane counly, and arrived there June I5lh,
about sundown. There were then about len or twelve
buildings on the east, and half as raany on the west side of
the river, where now stands a flourishing city of 15,000
inhabitants. He had a " claim titie " only on the island
in the Fox river, and here in the fall of 1837 he built a
shop and did a little wool-carding and cloth-dressing until
cold weather came on, when Ihe shop, being too cold to
work in, he went into the woods and commenced chopping
and hauling logs. This he continued through the winter,
and in May again commenced wool-carding. The business
increased yearly. In i83g government surveyors came
and surveyed the island, and it becarae known as Stolp's
island. His business continued to increase, and in 1842
the land was sold, and he became the owner of ten acres,
at ten shillings an acre. He then added more machinery
and increased his business facilities considerably. About
this time there was a great flood, whieh carried off nearly
all he had. In 1848 he dug a canal lo carry the water lo
il convenient point below, which cost about ten thousand
dollars. In l84g he built a Large woollen mill on the
island, vvhich he has run successfully for twenly-six years,
accumulating a large fortune. In January, 1839, he was
raarried lo Teraperance S. Duslon, daughter of Eben Dus-
ton, a descendant of the Plannah Duslon family of New
Hampshire, of historic fame, and has five children. His
mill, when in full operation, eraploys about sixty people and

runs four sets of cards. Pie has been, financially, one of
the most successful and enterprising men in the northwest.
Pie has been a Republican since the organization of Ihat
parly, and has always been and is now a leading man in
the community, although he would never take a public
office. Pie is quiet in his raanners and makes no preten
sions to notoriety. His business receives his whole tirae,
and he leads a very quiet and retired Ufe. He was closely
identified wilh the early history of Aurora, and has done
much toward promoting its interests and welfare.

HOMAS, JESSE B., who with Ninian Edwards
was the first to represent Illinois in the United
Slates Senate, vvas elected in October, 1818, to
serve until 1823. He was elected ii delegate to
Congress from the Territory of Indiana in 1S08,
wdien he procured the separation of Illinois from
Indiana, which he was pledged lo do upon his election,
and vvhich subsequently required his adopting Illinois as
his horae. The people of Indiana were opposed to the
separation which he brought about. Returning horae he
was appointed United Slales Judge of Illinois Territory.
On taking his seat in Congress he was appoinled on im
portant coniraillees, and actively supported the admission
of Missouri as a slave Slate. Pie gained considerable
notoriety for originally suggesting the line of thirty-six de
grees thirty minutes, known as the Missouri Compromise.
In 1823 he was again elected to the United States Senate,
serving until 1829. The intimate friend of Secretary Craw
ford, he advocated his election to the Presidency in 1824.
During the convention struggle he advocated the engrafting
of slavery upon our constitulion. After the expiration
of his last Senatorial term he removed to Ohio, where
he died in February, 1850.

^INGSBURY, ARIUS N., Lawyer and County
Judge, was born in Ohio, in 1831, being the son
of Ira and Plannah (Pierce) Kingsbury. Plis
education was, in youlh, mainly conducted at
home. In 1841 he removed to Illinois, settiing
at Mt. Cannel, in Wabash county. In 1851 he
coramenced the sludy of law, wdth Judge Dale as his pre
ceptor, at Greeneville, Illinois, and made rapid and thor
ough progress in all branches of that science. In 1855 he
was admitted to the bar in Greeneville, where he cora
raenced practice and continued it until 1857, when he
changed his residence to HUlsboro', Illinois, where his
professional duties closely engaged his attention until the
year 1873. In that, year he was elecled Counly Judge of
Montgomery counly, and now fills that high and responsible
station. He is greatly respected for his ability, his irre-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

327

proachable character and for his dignified and just admin
istration of the duties devolving on him. His opinions are
prepared vvith care, and evince his Ihoroughness as a jurist.
In 1873 he was also a candidate for the Supreme bench
of the State, his opponent, Mr. Schofield, being, hovvever,
elecled. In i85g he vvas married to Celeste Hazard, of
Alton, Illinois.

-riiilT ANE, ELIAS KENT, United Slates Senator frora
1825 to 1835, vvas a native of Nevv York. He

received a thorough education, being a graduate
of Yale CoUege; studied lavv, and in 1814, when
quite young, sought the South and West, and
located finally at Kaskaskia, Illinois. Pie vvas
possessed of a strong clear raind, was a close reasoner, a
profound lawyer, an agreeable speaker, a lucid writer, and
attained erainence in his profession as well as in public
life. When Ihe new State con.slilulion went inlo effect, in
October, i8i8, he vvas appointed, by Governor Bond, Sec
retary of Slate. Afterwards he was a Slate Senator. In
Noveraber, 1824, he vvas elecled a Senator in Congress for
six years, and took his seat March 4th, 1825. In 1830 he
was re-elected on the first ballot to the United States
Senale for the full term from the 4th of March following.
Before the expiration of his second term his heallh, vvhich
had long been feeble, gave way, and he died at Washing
ton City, Deceraber I2lh, 1835. Pie was a raan of purity
of character, honesty of intention, araiable and benevolent
in disposition and very generaUy esteemed. The Legis
lature naraed the counly of Kane in honor to his memoiy.

[HILLIPS, JESSE J., Lawyer and General, vvas
born in Montgomery counly, Illinois, in 1837.
His father, Thomas PhiUips, was born in Georgi.a,
in 1792, removed to IlUnois in 1811, and is still
living. His mother, whose raaiden name was
Jane Roberts, carae frora Kentucky. His educa
tion was obtained at an acaderay at HUlsboro', Illinois.
Upon his graduation from this institution he commenced,
in 1857, the study of law under the preceptorship of Jaraes
M. D.avis, one ofthe ablest and raost prorainent men of his
day. In 1S61 he was adraitted lo Ihe bar, and the rebellion
having broken out he immediately took steps for raising a
company of volunteers in HUlsboro', which vvere success
ful. Upon its organization he vvas chosen Captain, and
upon the forraation of the gth Illinois Regiment, of which
it was a part, he was chosen as Major. The gth was at
tached to the 2d Division of the Array of Tennessee before
its organizalion into a corps. At the expiralion of three
months of service, for vvhich the regiraent enlisted, it re
organized for a service of three years, and he was re-elected

as Major, and within a very short tirae after was promoted
to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy. His brevet as Colonel soon
followed, and upon the close of the vvar he was raade
Brevet Brigadier-General. His military record is a bril
liant one, and his bravery and gallantry vvere often acknowl
edged by his superiors in coraraand. He received many
wounds in action, and was alraost constantly in charge of
the regiment, and frequently coraraanded the brigade of
which it forraed a part. He reraained in service until the
fall of Atlanta. In March, 1863, his regiment was
raounled, and thenceforward served as cavalry. Upon the
ending of the vvar he returned lo Plillsboro' and com
menced the practice of law, and ever since has been
actively and constantly engaged in professional duties.
He is a thoroughly-read lawyer, and has achieved ii fine
reputation both as a counsellor and pleader. He has taken
a lively interest in political affairs, and is ii graceful and
trenchant campaign speaker. He vvas twice nominated for
Slate Treasurer, but failed each lime to secure an election.
He was married in 1S64 to Virginia Davis, of Alabaraa.

UTCHER, EDWARD F., Lawyer, was born,
April 2d, 1818, at Dulcher's bridge, in the town
of Canaan, Litchfield counly, Conneclicul, and
in the valley of tiie Housatonic river. Ruluff
Dutcher, his falher, was the son of a gentleraan
of the sarae name, who was born on the Atlantic
ocean while his parenls were en route frora Holland to
New York. His mother, whose maiden name was Lucinda
Howe, was of English parentage. Edward F. vvas raised
on a farm, and mainly obtained his education frora the
common schools of his section. Six months of his youlh
were passed in an acaderay at Lenox, Massachusetts. In
1836 he left home to carve his own destiny, and settled
temporarily at Lockport, New York, where he read law,
and was admitted to practice. In 1844 he formed a lavv
partnership vvith Judge R. Chamberlin, in Orleans counly,
Nevv York, and in 1846 he reraoved to Oregon, Ogle
counly, Illinois, vvhere he actively engaged in the practice
ofhis profession and vvhere he still resides. In Ihe summer
of 1862 he recruited a very large number of volunleers for
the Union array, and enlisted hiraself in August of the same
year, as a jirivate, and vvas sworn in. At that juncture,
however, he vvas authorized by Governor Yates to raise a
corapany of infantry, which he accoraplished in a few days,
and took it inlo camp at Rockford. Very soon after he
was comraissioned Major of the 74lh Regiraent, and took
Ihe field wilh his comraand, participating in the battles of
Penyville, Lancaster, Knob's Gap and Stone River. In
ihe sjiring of 1863, while under General W. S. Rosecranz,
he. was compelled to resign by reason of failing heallh,
and returned to his faraily at Oregon. Upon recovering
his health he resumed his practice, which is an extensive

328

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

one and which has since engaged his attention. In 1849
he was raarried to Elizabeth Van Volkenburg, and has four

OEDEL, CARL, Attorney-at-Law, was born in
Van Wert county, Ohio, on Seplember 30th,
1842. His parents were natives of Gerraany,
who emigrated to this country in 1815 and settled
in Ohio, where they engaged in fanning. He
was educated at Ihe Verraillion Institute, Hayes-
ville, Ohio. On leaving school he was occupied in teach
ing at Mt. Carmel, lUinois, for three years, when he moved
to Shawneetown, and there continued teaching for one
year. While at Mt. Carmel and in Shawneetown he was
fitting hiraself for the legal profession, and in the year 1871
he was adraitted to the bar ofthe Slate of Illinois. There
upon he located in Shawneetown and coraraenced practice.
The youngest practitioner at Ihe bar, he has succeeded in
establishing a large and lucrative practiee, which was won
by hard sludy and vvork. In poUtics he has always been a
consistent raember of the Republican party. He was mar
ried in 1869 to Fanny Koser, of Mt. Carmel, Illinois.

RIGHT, JOHN, M. D., was born in Hamilton
county, Ohio, in 1826. His parents were Jaraes
Wright and Leiitia (Martin) Wright. His ele
raentary education vvas acquired in ii select
school located in the neighborhood of his home.
He coraraenced the study of raedicine in 1852,
under the directions of Dr. Bowles, of Harrison counly,
Ohio, with whora he reraained as a .student during the
ensuing year. He then becarae a pupil of Dr. Clark, at
Elizabethtown, in the sarae State, continuing his studies
under his guidance until Ihe fall of 1853. At this date he
was placed under Professor C. H. Wright, then filling the
chair of Chemistry in the Ohio Medical College, at Cin
cinnati. After taking the regular courses at Ihat institution,
his degree vvas there conferred upon him, in the spring of
1854. He subsequently established himself in De Will
county, Illinois, comraencing the active practice of his
Jirofession at Wapello, vvhere he was engaged until 1861,
when he raoved to Clinton, Ihe counly-seat of the sarae
counly. At the coraraenceraent of hostilities in the Soulh
he entered the service of Ihe Uniled Slates, enlisting as
Surgeon in the 107th Regiment of Illinois Volunleers. He
remained in active and continuous service during the fol
lowing term of nearly three years, officijiting during this
time as Brigade-Surgeon and also as Division-Surgeon.
He became also one of the Board of Operating Surgeons
of the 2d Division of Ihe 23d Army Corps. Pie is a mem
ber of Ihe American Medical Associalion and of the Illinois
Slate Medical Society, officiating at the present time as

Second Vice-President of the latler body. He is a meraber
also of the De Witt County Medical Society, and has
several times acted as ils Presideni. In 1872 he became
Ihe prirae raover in the organizalion of the Central Illinois
Medical Society, coraposed of practitioners in the counties
of De Wilt, McLean, Logan, Piatt, Woodford, Champaign,
etc., and was the first President of this body. He has con
tributed to the medical press several articles esteeraed for
their value in various aspects; one case, reported in the
Lancet and Observer of 1857, of a successful amputation
of the hiji-joint, especially, excited much favorable com
ment. Pie has operated successfully also for vasico vaginal
fistula, and for various other affections of a peculiar and
aggravated nature. He was married in 1850 lo Jane
Magill, of Ohio, who died in 1852. He was again married,
December 13th, 1853, to Mary E. Wright, of Virginia.

RATT, LEONARD, M. D., was born in Rome,
Bradford county, Pennsylvania, on December
26th, 1819. Plis parents and grand-parents were
from Connecticut. After the usual preparatoiy
course of sludy he entered Lafayette College, at
Easton, Pennsylvania. On leaving school he
entered upon the study of raedicine with Dr. L. C. Belding,
in Le Raysville, Pennsylvania, and attended his first course
of medical lectures in the Jefferson Medical College, in
Philadelphia, prosecuting his sludies faithfully during tiie
sessions of 1842-43. In this latter year he uniled witii Dr.
Belding in experiments to lest the utter insufficiency of the
homoeopathic systeni of medicine. He gave it a very
thorough trial, and was irapressed with the fact that the
systera worked marveUous cures. He and his preceptor
expected lo prove hotnoeopalhy a fraud, and they came
forth from the investigation converts to the system. Dr.
Pratt then opened an office in Towanda, Pennsylvania,
where he met with the bitter opposition of the old school
advocates, until his success in his praclice secured to hira
self and his adopted system the confidence of the cora
raunity. After attending a course of lectures in the
Ploraceopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in Phila
delphia, in 1852, and receiving a diploma, he left
Towanda, went to Illinois, and settled in Lanark, on the
line of the Western LTnion Railroad. From there he re
raoved to Wheaton, in the sarae State. ITe has served as
Treasurer, Recording Secretary and President of Ihe
Illinois Stale Medical Associalion of Homoeopathy, and
has contributed papers of much value to Ihe medical jour
nals. Ill 1869 he received the appointment to the chair
of Clinical and Medical Surgery in the PLahnemann Medi
cal CoUege of Chicago, and in 1870 lo that of Special
Pathology and Diagnosis, vvhich position he fills wilh
credit to himself and the institution. Pie has been a mem
ber of the American Institute of Homoeopathy since 1867^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

329

For over thirty years Dr. Pratt has worked earnestly and
effectively as an unflinching champion of horaceopalhy.
He is a raan of a liberal and essentially practical raind ;
skilful and reliable, and possessing Ihat power, which
knowledge and experience give, of insjiiring at once confi
dence and respect.

'HARLTON, RICHARD C, M. D., was born in
Ireland, in 1819. His education was acquired
at the DubUn Universily, whence he graduated in
1836. He carae to the United Slates in 1843,
and settled primarily in Brooklyn, New York.
He moved subsequently to Nfew Orleans, Louisi
ana, and became a student at the University of Louisiana.
In 1849 he removed to the Northwest, and settled in Illi
nois, establishing himself at Kingston, Peoria county. He
practised his profession in this locality until 1867, at which
date he settled in Pekin, where he has since permanently
resided, constantly employed in attending to the numerous
duties coraing in the train of a large round of business.
He is a valued raeniber of the Peoria Medical .Society, and
is widely recognized as a physician of talent and learning.
Pie was raarried in Ireland to Mary C. Creaghe, who died
in 1858. He was again married in 1867 to Mrs. Henrietta
Emery, of Illinois.

JURNS, JOHN, Lawyer, Judge of the Twelfth
Judicial Circuit of Illinois, was born in Brook
county, Virginia, in i8rg. Plis parents were
John Burns and Rebecca (Welsh) Burns. His
falher, a Scotch Presbyterian, and an educator,
was frora Ihe north of Ireland. He was partially
educated in Virginia, and in 1834 carae to Illinois vvith his
brother, vvho, renioving frora Morgan county, the first
stopping-place, settled eventually in Marshall county. After
securing the advantages of an acaderaical course in Putnara
county, Illinois, he entered Ihe Law office of Ramsey &
Shannon, at Lacon, in 1844, and in 1851 was admitted to
the bar at Ottawa. Prior to his admittance, hovvever, he
was elected, in 1844, Recorder of Deeds for Marshall
county, and in 1846 vvas appointed Clerk of the Circuit Court
by Judge Caton. In 1848 he was elected to that office,
vvhich he then held until 1852. At the expiration of his
tenn, having continued his legal studies in the raeantirae,
he entered upon the active practice of his profession, at
which he continued untU his election, in June, 1873, to the
Judgeship of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit, a position still
occupied by hira. In 1861 he was a member of the Consti
tutional Convention, representing in that body the dislrict
comprising the counties of Putnam, Marshall, and Wood
ford. He has also been a candidale, on the Democratic
ticket, for State Senator. He is a close student, an acute
reasoner, and an able and impartial expounder of the law.
43

He vvas raarried in 1850 to Priscilla Cannon, of Illinois,
whose demise occurred in 1866. In 1868 he was again
raarried, lo Mrs. Swinehearl, a resident of Lacon, Illinois.

k1 ATHBONE, VALENTINE, M. D., was born in
'^j Saratoga counly. New York, on February 25lh,
1816. His falher. Dr. John Ralhbone, was a
physician of high standing, who lived to the
age of one hundred years, and who died in
Elmira, New York. Valentine received his
education at the comraon schools and the academy in
Courtland county. On leaving school he began farraing,
in whieh he continued about nine years, during which tirae
he commenced the sludy of medicine. He Ihen, in 1843,
emigrated to Illinois, and continued his studies vvith his
brother, Dr. Lorenzo Ralhbone, at McLeansboro, subse
quently entering the St. Louis Medical College, and gradu
ating therefrora in 1851. He coraraenced Ihe jiraclice of
his profession at Raleigh, Saline county, and this was his
home until i860. Pie also engaged in the drug business,
by which, vvith his practice, he was enabled to lay up a
considerable slore of this world's goods. He then moved
to Harrisburg, and continued his Jiractice, also the drug
business. The doctor's success as a professional man, as
well as a business man, has been very great. He is owner
of the best property in Harrisburg, and is the representative
man of the place. He was raarried in 1851 to Lucinda
Baker, of Raleigh, IlUnois. Dr. Ralhbone is a descendant
of one ofthe oldest and wealthiest faraiUes in the Stale of
New York. It was a very large faniily, and reraarkably
long lived ; their influence on society in that State is still
recognized.

ASSON, JOHN N., Member of the Stale Legis
lature, was born in Pennsylvania, in l83g. His
father moved to Illinois in 1842, and engaged in
farming; he died soon after, whereupon his wife
returned to Pennsylvania, taking with her her
faraily, consisting of three children. In their
old home John vvas put to school and received a fair Eng
lish education. After he vvas graduated he removed to
Kentucky, and there was engaged in teaching school up lo
1861. Pie Ihen changed his residence to While counly,
Illinois, to which place his raother had preceded hira, and
in Septeraber, 1862, he raised a company of soldiers, of
vvhich he was made First Lieutenant, and which was
attached to the 87lh Illinois Volunteer Infantry. In August,
1863, he was jiromoted to Captain. In August, 1865, he
was mustered out of the service. After leaving the army
he settled in Shawneetown, vvhere he was raarried to Mary
A. Coop, and engaged in the praclice of Ihe law wdth the
Hon. W. G. Bowman, a partnership which still continues.

330

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

In pi Jilics he has alvvays been a supporter of the Republican
parly, and as such was elecled to the Legislature from the
Forty-seventh Legislative District in the fall of 1874. In
September, 1875, he vvas sent to Europe on business for the
Treasury Department.

OUNG, RICHARD M., United Sttites Senator from
1837 to 1843, vvas a Kentucki<an by birth; of
spare build, rather tall, well educated, and a
lawyer by profession. He was gifted wilh fine
colloquial powers, and his intercourse with men
was managed with urbanity, smoothness, and
charming address. In 1824 he was elected by the Legisla
ture one ofthe five Circuit Judges, and was assigned to the
Second Circuit. In 1829 he vvas a Presidential Elector.
In 1836 he was elected a United Slates Senator for Ihe fuU
terra, from March 4th, 1837, lo March 4th, 1843. In 1839
he vvas apppinted by Governor Carlin one of Ihe Stale
agents lo negotiate the §4,000,000 Canal Loan. In 1842,
before his Senatorial terra expired, he vvas raade a Suprerae
Judge, a position which he fiUed until 1847. I" '850 and
1 85 1 he was Clerk of the United Stales House of Repre
sentatives, and died in Washington City.

I OWE, ALEXANDER K., Merchant, and Mayor
of Shawneetown, Illinois, vvas born in Wa-shing-
ton county, Maryland, on September 20th, 1820.
His falher, George Lowe, was born in Maryland,
of English parentage; he was engaged in farra
ing in his native Slate, and died in 1826. Plis
raother vvas also a native of Maryland. Alexander was
educated in Ihe common schools of Washington county.
On leaving school he was occupied as a clerk in a store for
ten years, when he moved to Shawneetown, Illinois, where
he vvas similarly employed with Alexander Kirkpatrick for
ten years, and then engaged in wharf-boating until 1862.
During this time he amassed considerable money, vvith vvhich
he purchased an interest in the establishraent of Peoples &
Ridgway, and Ihis business vvas then conducted under the
firm-name of Lowe, Wakeford & Co. In two years Mr.
Lowe bought out his partners, and since that time has con
ducted the business on his own account. His career has
been a very successful one, and his establishraent is the
largest in ShawneetSwn. During all the years he has been
engaged in Shawneetown his record has been that of an
honorable and upright man. That he enjoys the confidence
of his fellow-eilizens is proved by Ihe ho/nors conferred
upon hira. He was Councilman for several terms ;' in 1S74
he was elected Mayor, and in 1875 was re-elected. He
is a stockholder of the Evansville & Meraphis Packet
Corapany. In 1849 he vvas married to C. J. Happy, of
Shawneetown, Illinois.

AKER, DAVID JEWETT, United StJites Sen.ator
for one month, was born in Connecticut in I7g2,
and after receiving a collegiate education, and
studying law, he, in l8ig, with his young bride,
removed to IlUnois, and located at Kaskaskia.
He was a studious, painstaking' lawyer, and
attained a standing wilh the ablest of the Illinois bar. He
was long Probate Judge of Randolph counly. He eschewed
politics, except in 1824, when he actively, bolh wilh pen
and longue, opposed the introduction ol slavery inlo IlUnois.
For his warm utterances the then Chief-Justice of the Stale,
Thomas Reynolds, afterward Governor of Missouri, at
tacked hira with a bludgeon in the streets of Kaskaskia. In
November, 1830, he was appoinled by Governor Edw-ards
lo fill the unexpired term of John McLean, but reraained
in Ihat jiosition but one month, the Legislalure failing to
confirm his appointment, and electing in his stead John M.
Robinson. During his short slay in Congress he originated
the measure for disposing of the governmeni lands in tracts
of forty acres, which facilitated the seltiement of the Slate,
the law up to that lime not permitting the entry of less than
one hundred and sixly acres. In 1833 he vvas appointed
by General Jackson Uniled Slales Attorney for Illinois, and
in 1837 he was reappointed by Van Buren. In 1840 he
uniled with the Whig party. In 1848 he vvas defeated for
Supreme Judge by Mr. Trumbull in the Third Grand
Division. In 1854 he helped lo organize the RepubUcan
parly. He died at Alton, August lolh, l86g.

LLAIRE, PIERRE A., Physician, was born in
New York city, November 24lh, 1815. His
ancestors vvere Huguenots, who settled in
Westchester county. New York, about the yer.r
1730. At an early age his parents reraoved to
New Jersey, in the vicinity of Long Branch.
Here he was instructed in the elementary branches of edu
cation by a private tutor until seventeen years of age, when
he went to New York city, and commenced the sludy of
medicine with Dr. Stephen C. Roe, Surgeon of Bellevue
Hospital. With this preceptor he reniained six months,
and during that tirae sujiported hiraself upon sixpence a
day. He then enlered the drug store of J. B. Stanbery as
assistant, continuing his sludies in the meantime with Dr.
Roe. When he had been with Mr. Stanbery a short time
he purchased an interest in the business on credit, but Mr.
Stanbeiy soon after sold out his interest to a Mr. Cooper.
With the new-comer he continued the business wilh fair
success until he left Nevv York in 1838. He attended the
lectures given by the facully of the Col-lege of Physicians
and Surgeons, for nearly six years, and graduated in the
.spring of 1838. Pie vvas one year an assistant jihysician in
Bellevue Hospital. In the fall of 1838 he removed -to
KendaU county, Illinois, and took the practice of Dr.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

331

Wheeler, of Bristol, while that gentieman went East on a
visit. This he carried on successfully until spring, and
then took the jiraclice of Dr. Kendall, of Lisbon, during a
temporary absence. Pie reraained there until the fall of
i83g, when he removed to Aurora, and opened an office on
the west side. Plere his skill as a physician and surgeon
soon became widely known, and his praclice increased
rapidly. In 1840 he raarried Harriet Bowen, and lived
with her until 1858, but the raarriage was not a happy one,
and at that time they vvere divorced, she taking Iheir two
children with her. In i860 he w.as married to Mrs.
Catherine (Gales) Fuller. He has been an active promoter
of school affairs, as well as olher enterprises of public
interest, and was School Director about len years. -In 1862
he was elecled Alderman and served in Ihat capacity four
years. Pie has been City Physician of Aurora several times,
and in many other ways has been closely identified with the
early history of Aurora. As a physician he is one of Ihe
most successful in the Northwest, and having a natural apti
tude for his profession has been able to raeet the raost
coraplicated cases wilh that coolness of exterior vvhich bul
few raen possess. His preseni jiraclice is quite extensive,
and though he is soraewhat advanced in years he still
retains a large share of his former vivacity, and in all kinds
of weather raay be seen on his regular visits lo his patients.

OYD, THOMAS A., Lawyer, was born in Adams
county, Pennsylvania, in 1830. He is Ihe son of
John Boyd and Catherine (Catron) Boyd. Pie
vvas educated primarily at the Marshall CoUege,
Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, graduating from that
institution in 1848. He then raoved lo the Soulh,
and engaged in teaching school in North Carolina. In
1852 he returned lo Pennsylvania, and enlered Ihe law
office of McClanahan & Riley, practitioners, of Chambers
burg, and vvas adraitted to the bar in 1853. He subse
quentiy comraenced Ihe active praclice of his profession in
Bedford, Pennsylvania, associating himself with Plon.
Samuel M. Russell, then member of Congress from that dis
trict. In 1856 he decided to come West, and located
hiraself at Galesburg, Illinois, vvhere he remained for Iwo
years. In 1858 he removed lo Lewistown, Fulton county,
where, vvith the exception of Ihe time passed in Ihe array,
he has since been engttged in practice. In 1861 he entered
the service of the Uniled Stales as Captain of Corapany H
of the I71h Regiment of Illinois Volunleers, and. acted in
that capacity ttntU 1863, at which dale he was discharged.
During the ensuing period until 1865 he vvas engaged in
the Treasury Departraent at Washington, District of
Columbia, whence he returned at the latter dale lo resume
his profession at Lewistown. In Ihe fall of 1866 he was
elected on the Republican ticket to the Illinois Senate,
representing the counties of Fulton, Mason, and Knox.

His term exjiiring in 1^170, he was then re-elected for an
additional term of two years. During the first Senatorial
term he served on the Judiciary Commillee, and was Chair
man of the Committee on Municipal Affairs. In the last
term also he was Chairman of Ihe Judiciary Coraraittee.
He has been a candidale for Congressman at large, and
also for Lieutenant-Governor of the Slate. He was married
in 1863 to Laura James, a former resident of Washington,
District of Colurabia.
EBSTER, JOHN R., M. D., was born in Lancaster
counly, Pennsylvania, July l8th, 1835. His
father, Samuel Webster, u physician, reraoved to
the Northwest, establishing himself in Monmouth,
Illinois, where he practised until his decease, in
1858. His mother was Deborah (Kirk) Webster.
He w.as educated primarily in an academy located in
Juniata counly, Pennsylvania, and coraraenced the sludy of
niedicine under the instructions of Dr. D. B. Rice, at
Monmouth, IlUnois. He malrictdated at the Rush Medical
College, and graduated from that institution in 1858. He
comraenced the practice of his profession in Monnioulh,
where, with a single exception, he has since been actively
and successfully enijiloyed. The excejition, a sojourn dur
ing the winter of 1864 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was
due to his desire to attend a course at the Jefferson Medical
College, from which institution he subsequently took a de
gree. In 1S65 he associated with him in praclice Dr. L.
K. Crawford, a partnership that still continues. He is a
raember of the American Medical Associalion, of the Illinois
Slate Medical Associalion, and also of the Military Tract
Medical Association. He was married in i85g lo S. J.
Nve, of Illinois.

si

..-^/flCKLIN, ORLANDO B., Lawyer, vvas born in
QTI 'ji Kenlucky, December i6lh, 1808, beiug the son of
" William and Elizabeth Kenner (WiUiams) Fick-
lin, both Virginians. His early education was
obtained in a number of academic institutions in
Kentucky and Missouri, and in 1828 he cora
raenced the study of lavv with Henry Shurlds, of Potosi,
Missouri, who subsequently became Judge of that circuit.
In March, 1830, he was admitted lo the bar, and locating
at Mount Carmel, Wabash county, Illinois, began practice.
For seven years he continued it here wilh the most encour
aging success, and during this period, in 1834, was elected
lo the lower House of the Stale Legislalure, vvhich at that
lirae embraced among its prominent members Abraham
Lincoln, J. T. Stuart, Jesse K. Dubois, and others, who ,
have since been conspicuous in the poUtical affairs of that
State and of Ihe nation. In the winler .of 1834-35 he was
chosen by Ihe Legislature Stale's Attorney for the W<abash
dislrict. In 1837 he removed to Charleston, the county

332

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

seat of Coles county, where he has since resided. In 1838
he was again elected to the lower House of the Legislalure,
and re-elected in 1842. In 1843 he vvas elected to Congress
from what was then called the Wabash district, and aniong
his coUeagues in that body were Stephen A. Douglas,
General John Al McClernand, and John Wentworth. In
1844 he was re-elected as Congressional Representative, and
again ir 1846. Upon Ihe expiralion of the latter term he
reiuuiea to his professional duties, and gave thera his ex
clusive attention until 1850, when again becoming a candi
date he was re-elected to Congress. This terra expired in
March, 1853, and from Ihat time to this his attention has
been alraost wholly given to his practice, which is now very
extensive. He was a member of Ihe Democratic Conven
tion vvhich nominated Buchanan for the Presidency at
Cincinnati in 1856, and was also a meraber of the Derao
cratic Convention held at Charleston in i860, being preseni
at the time of the secession of the Southern members. In
each of these bodies he represented Illinois on Ihe Com
raittee on Resolutions. He belongs to the old school of
Deraocrats. In 1861 he was a delegate to the State Consti
tutional Convention. Pie is an ably read lawyer, and has
always evinced his readiness and willingness lo aid young
men struggling for a legal education against adverse circum
stances, and exerts himself to render them able and honor
able members of the profession. He was married in 1846
to EUzabeth H., daughter of Hon. Walter T. Colquitt,
United Slales Senator, of Georgia, and she is still living.

|;ARISH, IION. WILLIAM H., Lawyer, Senator
from Ihe Forty-seventh District of Illinois, was
born at Georgetown, Illinois, in 1828. His father
was one of the early pioneers and settlers of the
Stale, and engaged in farming and agricullural
pursuits, in which he still continues at Ihe ad
vanced age of eighty years. His success has been unusual,
while his possessions in landed eslate are of great extent
and value. Williara H. acquired his earlier education
principaUy at the Danville High School. On leaving it he
began the study of law, being eraployed at the same time in
the office of the county clerk. At the expiration of two
years he was licensed to practise, and reraoving to Benton,
where he remained during the ensuing year, was soon im
raersed in professional duties. The new county of Saline
having been created, and Raleigh made the county-seal, he
reraoved to that town, and has ever since continued to
m<ake .Saline counly his permanent place of residence.
Here he rapidly won attention Ihrough his talents and
scholarly acquirements, taking from the first a leading place
among the more prominent lawyers ofthe county. During
the past ten years he has interested hiraself also in farraing,
his grounds and appurtenances being araong the finest in
this portion of the State. In 1874 he was elecled to the

Slate Senate for a term of four years, on the independent
ticket, having distanced two other competitors by very large
majorities. Prior to his entry into public life in 1864, he
mel wilh heavy pecuniary losses, owing to various specula
tions in which he w.as engaged. But his losses, amounting
to a quarter of a million of dollars, far from forcing hira to
succumb, or give way to a discouragement and depression
only natural under such circumstances, reinvigorated his
energies, and endowed him wilh fresh vigor aud enterprise.
Resuming his business iperations, he jiaid every creditor in
full, and within a remarkably short space of time retrieved
his fortune. Others around him who also were unsuccess
ful took advantage of the bankrupt law, but his rigid and
scrupulous honesty urged him to take the nobler road, and
the end showed Ihe wisdom of his conduct. He was mar
ried in 1850 lo Mary Ann Choisser, of Saline counly, by
whom he has had nine children, seven of whom are boys,
all living near the paternal home.

HOISSER, WILLIAM V., Attorney-at-Law, was
born in Hamilton county, Illinois, August 28th,
1848. His father. Dr. Edmond Choisser, is a
native of this Slate, but of French descent, and
was the first raale child, of wdiile parenls, born in
Illinois. He is a practitioner of long standing
in his profession, and is widely known as a skilful and suc
cessful physician. WiUiara V. attended the Southern Illi
nois College, at Carbondale, whence he entered the Ewing
College, in Franklin counly, graduating eventually from ihe
McKendree College at Lebanon, Illinois. When in his
fourteenth year he enlered the service of the Plnited Stales,
enlisting as a drummer-boy, and served throughout the vvar.
He was one of ihe youngest boys in the array, participated
in nearly all the western battles, and. marched with Sherman
to the sea. During the closing two years of the rebeUion
he was detailed as Orderly to General Vandeveer, and after
ihe battle of BentonvUle, North Carolina, was promoted to
the position of Sergeant of Orderiies, as a reward for his
tact and bravery in carrying orders thrcugh the lines. When
discharged he was but seventeen years of age. He Ihen
resuraed his sludies, applying himself to them dUigentiy
until Ihe corapletion ofhis education. While al coUege he
attended a course of law lectures, and in addition lo his
general studies al.so paid careful attention to those relating
to the legal profession. After graduating he continued the
.study of the law under the instructions of Hon. W. H.
Parish, and, upon being adraitted to the bar, became asso
ciated in parlnership with his former preceptor. The busi
ness of this firra is extensive and lucrative, while its mem
bers enjoy a high repulalion for ability and probity. It is
worthy of mention that he graduated wilh the highest stand
ing in his studies of any student who has ever gone out
from McKendree College, and also that he was the success-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

333

ful competitor for the annual prize for Ihe best essay. In
politics he is' allied with the Democratic party, and is an
active supporter of ils interests. Pie is a ready and forcible

jp^OWLER, EDWIN S., M. D., was born in Bealls-
ville, Washington counly, Pennsylvania, June
l6th, 1828. His falher. Dr. Thomas H. Fowler,
was an old and widely-known practitioner in Ihat
vicinity for forty years, who, in 1855, removed to
Springfield, Illinois, where he died in 1861. His
mother was a daughter of Dr. Thomas Burrill of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. Dr. E. S. Fowler graduated at the Univer
sily of Nevv York (Mott) in 1851, and in 1855 reraoved to
Springfield, Illinois, where he associated with Dr. R. S.
I^ord, and practised his profession until 1867. During
that period he did an extensive practice, devoting himself
largely to surgery. In that year he retired frora practice.
He was married in 1855 to 'Sophie Marvin, daughter of
Tohn Marvin, of Waterford, Erie county, Pennsylvania.

.,ORCOM, FREDERICK BEASLEY, Physician,
was born April I4lh, 1830. His father, Frederick
Norcom, was a native of Edenton, Chowan counly.
North Carolina, and was born in 1804. He gradu
ated frora West Point in 1825, and vvas sfationed at
Governor's Island, New York harbor, April I4lh,
1830, the day of his son's birth. His wife was Maria,
youngest daughter of Dr. Edward Beasley, of Edenton, a
physician of high repute in his day. Frederick B. was
educated at the University of St. Louis, vvhere he re
raained until 1846, when he went abroad for one year. In
1848 he entered the University of New York, and in the
following year the University of Virginia, where he finished
his collegiate course. He then entered vigorously upon the
study of raedicine proper, having already attained profi
ciency in many of the collateral sciences, such as chemistry,
botany, zoology, jihysies, etc. He began his studies in
185 1 under Professors J. F. Metcalf WiUiam A. Van Buren,
and the late Charles Isaacs, of New York, in the raedical
deparlment of the Universily of New York, from which he
gr.aduated in the spring of 1854, and in the auturan of the
same year entered BeUevue Hospital. He left this institu
tion in the fall of 1855, settling in Chicago, vvhere he mar
ried Mary Alice Mosher in 1858. After his marriage he
went to Louisiana to practise on Ihe coast above New Or
leans, araong the sugar planters. He was forced to leave
in 1863 by order ofthe coraraanding general ofthe Depart
ment of the Gulf and became Surgeon in the Ctmfederate
army. Upon Ihe conclusion of the war he returned to his
old clients on the coast, but found them bereft of their slave
property, and destitute, and unable to support a physician

among thera. pie thereupon returned to Chicago, where
he has been in active praclice since 1867, having so large
a patronage that two offices vvere established in the city by
him to meet its demands. He is a member of the Medical
Historical Society, is the oldest physician to Sl. Joseph's
Plospital, iind the sole medical attendant at Sl. Joseph's
Orphan Asylum. He has acquired ihe reputation of exer
cising Ihe greatest eare and nicest professional skill in the
raanageraent of cases, and has secured popular esteem by
the display of qualities which have made hira, in social and
public life, a valued citizen.

ENRY, MILES SMITH, L.awyer, was born in
Geneva, Ontario county. New York, March 1st,
1815. His Jiarents were Charles W. Henry,
a merchant of Nevv York, and Penelojie (Poller)
Henry, of Providence, Rhode Island. He was
educated at the Canandaigua Acaderay, and also
at the Geneva CoUege, both eslablishraenis being located in
his native Slate. Deciding to erabrace the legal profession,
he coraraenced the study of lavv in Canandaigua under the
supervision and able guidance of John C. Spencer, and was
subsequently exarained in New York, bul, though awarded
a certificate of competency, could not, being under the re
quired age, be admitted to the bar. Deeraing a knowledge
of raedicine and anatoray essential to the intelligent practice
of law, he pursued a course of study in that science. In
1834 he raoved to Chicago, Illinois, and thence to Laporte
counly, Indiana, where he reniained for a period of about
nine years, until 1843, engaged during Ihat tirae vvith his
father in farraing and agricullural pursuits and also in real
estate operations. In 1842 he was admitted to the bar in
Indiana, and there practised his jirofession for one year.
In 1843 he raoved to Platte City, Missouri, and was pro
fessionally occupied in that place until the spring of 1844,
when he reraoved to Sterling, Illinois, resting for a brief
period en route at Macorab, Illinois. He then entered at
once upon the active practice of his profession, and rapidly
secured an extensive and reraunerative clientage, which
ever since has continued to increase, until at the present
tirae it is exceUed by few either in extent or characler. In
1854 he was elecled to the Legislature, and served one terra,
being one of the first Republican candidates. In 1852 he
vvas a Whig candidate for the Stale Senate. In 1857 he
was appointed by Governor Bissell one of the Bank Cora
raissioners of the Slate of IlUnois, and served one terra of
four years under the old law of the State. He has always
been a prominent and influential coadjutor in the political
questions and movements of the day, though never seeking
political preferment, and for many years past has maintained
intimate relations with all Ihe leading statesraen and poli
ticians of the country. He was a class and room-mate of
Stephen A. Douglas for three years, and read law with Ihat

334

BIOG R.VPH ICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

celebiated contemporary. He was also a warm personal
friend and ardent supporter of Abraham Lincoln. In 1862
he was appointed Paymaster in the Uniled Slates army, and
served ably in that capacity until 1864, when his resignation
was tendered and accepted. He is to-dayone of Ihe most
prominent of the leading practitioners of Sleriing, and is
second to none in legal knowledge and the masterly use of
it in the office or before the jury. He is also an active
business man, and in addition lo the practice of his profes
sion is President of one of Ihe leading manufactories of
Sleriing, and associated vvith other enterprises of the same
kind. He was raarried in 1843 to Philena Mann, niece of
Judge Everett, of Laporte counly, Indiana, whose deraise
occurred in 1870. In 1871 he was again raarried, to Mrs.
Eraily I. C. Bushnell, widow of Major Bushnell, of Sleriing,
Illinois, a gaUant soldier and a citizen wdio was honored
and esteemed for his many admirable characteristics and
upright life. Major Henry has one of the most charming
homes in the city, having recentiy erected a fine residence
on the grounds occupied and improved by him for the last
thirty years.

'EMPLE, JAMES, United States Senator from 1843
to 1847, was born in Kentucky, but emigrated to
Illinois at an eariy day. In politics he was a
Deraocrat, and was rauch in public Ufe. In 1833
he was elected Attorney-General of the State. He
vvas in the Legislature for six years, during four
of which he was Speaker of the House, and at the time
when the Internal Iraproveraent measure vvas passed. In
1837 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to New Granada.
In 1842 he vvas elected one ofthe Judges of the Suprerae
Court of the Stale. In 1843 he was appointed by Governor
Ford United States Senator, as the successor of Sarauel
McRoberls, deceased; the noraination was confirraed by
the Legislature, and he served until 1847. Judge Scrapie
wrote an elaborate history of Mexico, which, however, has
never been published.

.\THAM, JOHN F., Attorney-at-Law, vvas born in
Johnson counly, Illinois, May 26lh, 1831. plis
father. Carter Latham, a native of Tennessee,
emigrated lo this Slate in 1815, at which dale il
ranked only as a Territory, and engaged in farm
ing, stock-raising, and in general agricullural
His mother, Rebecca (Fisher) Latham, was a
native of Johnson counly, where she was married. In early
boyhood he attended the coraraon schools located in the
neighborhood of his birlhplace, and after acquiring the ru
diments of an elementary education, abandoned his studies
and became engaged in farming, at which he continued
until 1857, when he comraenced the study of medicine.

pursuits.

In 1858 he entered the office of Dr. S. H. Bundy, wilh
whom he conipleled his allotted course of medical studies.
In l85g he began the active praclice of his profession in
Saline counly, where he was occupied until 1863. At this
date he attended a course of lectures at Keokuk, Iowa, and
fitted himself for graduation. While absorbed in his sludies,
however, a despatch, informing him of the approaching
death of his wife, residing in IlUnois, caused hira to return
iraraediately to his home, where, at his arrival, he found her
dead. Thus prevented frora securing the alraost acquired
degree, he returned to active practice, continuing it uninter
ruptedly untU 1867, when he attended the law school at
Benton, devoted hiraself to the acquireraent of a thorough
knowledge of legal subjects, and in February, 1868, was
licensed as a practising Lawyer by the Supreme Court. He
then engaged in the practice of the law, at which he con
tinued during the following eighteen months, resuming
subsequentiy the practice of medicine, and becoming pre
ceptor to four medical students. At the expiralion of two
years he returned to the legal profession, lo which he now
devotes his entire time and attention. He abandoned
medicine on account of his great liking for law ; in both
professions he has met with a good measure of success.
An incideni of his early Ufe, and one which both remotely
and directiy influenced considerably his after Ufe, vvill not
be inappropriate of narration, particuLarly as it brings into
relief his three raore prorainent characteristics, perseverance,
energy, and force of character. His father, in indigent
circuraslances, was unable lo give hira that education whieh
he so ardently desired, and vvhich was the constant itini of
his young life. He accordingly left the paternal roof de
termined to seek work, and wilh the proceeds of his Labor
defray the expenses of a course of studies in some eollege
or other educational establishment. Successful in securing
a certain sura of raoney, he returned to his father's house,
who in the raeantirae had married a second time, his first
wife having died. He soon discovered Ihat his second
mother behaved with unkindness to his brother and three
sisters, and angered by her conduct, while feeUng for the
objects of her aversion, he conceived the idea of being their
champion and protector. This idea he at once pul inlo
execution, and from that time was their main support. This
generous step resulted in his inability to secure a thorough
course of collegiate training. In 1855 he v/as elecled Jus
tice ofthe Peace, serving until 1857, when he resigned. In
politics he affiliated invariably with the Democratic party,
until Ihe outbreak of the rebellion, vvhen, influenced by
sentiment and fresh principles, he joined the ranks of the
Republican parly. The first speech delivered in Saline
counly, in opposition lo that party, vvas answered by him in
a spirited and masterly manner. His laler services to the
party, particularly as an orator, have contributed importantly
to ils success in the section where he resides, and after the
initiation of active hostilities by the South he became an
intrejiid sustainer of the governmeni and its war measures.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

335

In 1874 he was appointed by Governor Beveridge a Notary
Public. He vvas married in 1854 to Nancy E. Andrews,
of Williamson counly, the daughter of a poor widow with
two other children. She died in 1863. In 1864 he was
again married, to Sarah R. Westbrook, of Saline county.
By his first marriage he had six children, all of whom are
dead. By his second he has had Ihree children, two of
whom are living.

I CROBERTS, SAMUEL, the first native Illinoisan
ever elevated lo the position of Uniled States
Senator from Illinois, was born April 12th, I7g9,
in what is novv Monroe counly, his father residing
on a farm. lie received a good English educa
tion from a private tutor. At the eariy age of
twenty he was appoinled Circuit Clerk of Monroe county, a
position which afforded hira opportunities to become fami
liarized with forms of law, whieh he eageriy embraced,
pursuing al ihe same time a most assiduous course of read
ing. Two years laler he entered the law department of
Transylvania University, at Lexington, Kentucky, where,
after three full courses of lectures, he graduated with the
degree of Bachelor of Laws. He commenced the praclice
of law in competition wilh such raen as- Kane, Reynolds,
Clark, Baker, Eddy, McLean and others. In 1824, at the
age of twenty-five, he was elected by the Legislature one
of Ihe five circuit judges. As Judge he first publicly ex
hibited strong partisan bias. In 1824 he had been a violent
convention advocate, and now, in defiance of a release by
the Legislature, he assessed a fine against Governor Coles
for settling his eraancip.ated shaves in M.tdison county, with
out giving a bond that they should not becorae a public
charge. In 1828 he was elecled a State Senator; in 1830
appointed United Slates District Attorney for the Stale ; in
1832 Receiver of the Public Moneys at the D.anville land
office ; and in 1839 Solicitor ofthe General Land Office, at
Washington. On Deceraber i6th, 1840, he was elected
United Slales Senator for a full term, comraencing March
4lh, 1841. He died March 22d, 1843, at Cincinnati, on his
route horae from Washington, in the vigor of intellectual
manhood, at the age of forty-four years.

|ARTLEY, MILTON, Judge of the County Court
of Gallatin county, was born in F'loyd counly, In
diana, on January 7th, 1819. His father, Heze
kiah Bartley, was a native of Virginia, who emi
grated to Nelson county, Kentucky, in I7g8,
whence he moved to Floyd counly, Indiana.
After the birth of Milton, he returned to Kenlucky, vvhere
he is now living. The family is of English extraction. His
inolher was born in North Carolina, and wilh her falher
moved to Indiana, was there married to Mr. Bartley, and

died in the year 1821. Milton first attended the primitive
schools of that State, then entered the Mount Marine
Academy, and finally Sl. Mary's College, Kentucky. On
leaving college he was engaged in leaching school, and
at the same lime pursued the sludy of medicine, which he
abandoned for that of the lavv, beginning to read under the
guid.ance of Judge Calhoun. Moving to Union counly,
Kenlucky, he continued his studies under Hiram McElroy,
and was admitted to the bar of Kentucky in 1847. Being
too poor to purchase a library, he continued to leach school
lo enable hira lo make the necessary purchases. In Sep
tember, 1847, he raoved lo Shawneetown, Illinois, and here
continued lo leach school for one year. He was Ihen li
censed to practise in this State, coraraenced business in
1850, and has been eng.aged in the same ever, since. In
polities he vvas originally a Whig, then attached hiraself to
the Deraocratic party, of which he vvas a raember until the
war, when he became a War Deraocrat. .Since Ihat time
he has been thoroughly conservative. In 1854 he was
elected a Justice of Ihe Peace, and served out that term. In
i860 he was chosen a member of the Constitutional Con
vention from Ihe counties of Gallatin and Saline. In 1863
he was appointed Slate's Attorney 'by the Governor, and
.served out Ihe unexpired terra of Thoraas Sraith. He was
elecled Judge of the County Court in 1868, and re-elected
in 1872; Ihis office he slill fills. He was raarried in 1853,
at Shawneetown, to Syraphorosa Durbin, and has four boys
living.

ORD, THOMAS, elected Governor of Illinois in
1842, was born at Unionlown, Pennsylvania, in
the year 1800. His falher, Robert Ford, was
killed in 1802 in the raountains of Pennsylvania
by Indians, and his raother was left in indigent
circurastances, wdlh a large faraily, mostly girls.
Wilh a view to belter her condition, she, in 1804, moved to
Missouri, where it had been customary by the Spanish gov
ernment to give land to actual settlers, but upon her arrival
in .St. Louis, she found the country ceded lo the United
States, and that liberal policy no longer in vogue. She
finally removed to IlUnois, and settled near Waterloo, but
the following year moved closer lo the Mississippi bluffs.
Here Ihe boys received their first schooling, for which they
walked three railes. The raother was a woman of superior
raental endowraents, joined to energy and deterraination of
character. She inculcated in her children those high-toned
raoral principles which distinguished her sons in public life.
The mind of Thomas gave early promise of superior en
dowments, wilh an 'inclination for mathematics. His pro
ficiency attracted the attention of the Hon. D. P. Cook, in
whora young Ford found an efficient patron and friend.
Through Cook young Ford turned his attention to Ihe law.
He attended Transylvania Universily one term, and on his
return alternated his law-reading wdth teaching school. In

336

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

l82g Governor Reynolds appointed him Prosecuting Attor
ney. In 1 83 1 he was re-appoinled by Governor Reynolds ;
after that he was four tiraes elecled Judge by the Legislature
without opposition, twice a Circuit Judge, Judge of Chicago,
and as Associate Judge of the Suprerae Court. Ford was
assigned lo the Ninth Judicial Dislrict, and while holding
court in Ogle court, was notified of his noraination for the
Governorship. Pie imraediately resigned his office, accepted
the noraination, and enlered upon the canvass. In August
he vvas elecled. The offices which he held vvere unsolicited.
As a lawyer Governor Ford stood deservedly high, but his
cast of intellect fitted hira rather for a writer upon law than
a practising advocate in the courls. As a judge his opinions
were sound, lucid, and able expositions of the lavv. As a
raan he was plain in his demeanor. He lacked the sanguine
and determined boldness and decision of character requisite
to fit a man for a great political leader. As an author he
deserves special consideration in having left a legacy in the
form of a history of his Slate. His writings show a natural
flow of comjiact and forcible thought. He died November
2d, 1850, at Peoria.

[ILSON, CHARLES L., Journalist, was born in
Fairfield counly, Connecticut, and there obtained
his education. He never enjoyed the advantage
of a collegia'.e course, but secured a thorough
coraraon school and academical education, which
he supplemented with a wide and various culture
obtained by extended reading and judicious observation. In
September, 1835, he went to Chicago as clerk in a mer
cantile house, and subsequently removed lo Joliet, where
he remained for a lirae, serving in a similar cap.acity. In
1844 his brother, Richard L. Wilson, became editor of the
Evening Journal, a paper started in that year as a cam
paign journal, advocating the election of Heny Clay to
the Presidency. Il was decided to continue the publication
of the Journal, and in 1845 Charies Wilson became as
sociated with his brother in the editorial man<ageraent of it.
In 1848 his brother was appoinled Poslraaster by Presideni
Taylor, and Charles becarae sole proprietor as well as
editor of the Evening Journal, a position which he has
ever since continued to hold. Under his conduct his
paper was the leading organ of Ihe old Whigs in Illinois,
and supported the principles of that party so long as the or
ganization was maintained anywhere, and aftervvards fought
the Know Nothing party with force and zeal. When the
Republican party was forraed, Charies Wilson vvas one of
its earliest organizers. He was also a raeraber of the
RepubUcan State Convention of 1858. He was a personal
and political friend of Abrahara Lincoln, and in that con
vention he offered the resolution, which was adopted, "that
Abraham Lincoln vvas its first, last, and only choice for
United Sltites Senator in place of Stephen A. Douglas."
Il-was by his advice that Mr. Lincoln replied lo the speech

made by Mr. Douglas in Chicago on his return from
Washington; and, afterwards, it was also by his advice
that Mr. Lincoln challenged Mr. Douglas to the never-to-
be-forgotten discussion which lasted through that memor
able campaign. During that discussion Mr. Lincoln often
sought his advice as to the course to be taken, and governed
hiraself, in no sraall degree, by the suggestions made to
hira. In the contest which followed for the noraination
of Presidential candidate, Mr. Wilson warmly advocated,
through his paper, the clairas of William H. Seward, with
whora his relations were even more intimate than with
Abraham Lincoln ; but, though greatly disappointed when
the choice of the convention fell upon Mr. Lincoln instead
of Mr. .Seward, he at once urged the hearty ratification
of the nomination, and it was through his influence that
Mr. Seward .subsequently went West to urge the eleclion
of Mr. Lincoln. In 1861, after President Lincoln's in
auguration, one of his first foreign appointments was Ihat
of Charles L. Wilson as Secretary of the London Lega
tion. In Ihis position he served for three years, vvhen he
resigned, owing to the deraands upon hira of the business
of his newspaper. Ever since he has devoted himself
exclusively to his journalistic labors, and has reaped large
and substantial rewards. As a writer, he is ready, keen,
and strong, dealing rather in brief, telling paragraphs than
in long articles. He has never married.

HIELDS, JAMES, elected Uniled States Senator
from Illinois in 1849, '"'^^ born in County Tyrone,
Ireland, in 1810, and emigrated to this country
in 1827, settiing in Illinois three years later. In
seven years time, wiihout being naturalized, he
was sent lo Ihe Legislature from Randolph
He vvas appoinled Auditor by Governor Carlin,
and in 1843 he was elected a Supreme Judge. Under
President Polk he was Comraissioner of the General Land
Office at Washington. In the Mexican war he entered by
favor of the President as Brigadier-General, and was a
fortunate soldier. Borne from the field of Cerro Gordo
shot through and ihrough, and reported at home as killed,
he recovered in tirae to take a conspicuous part in the
triumph of American arms under Scott, in the valley of
Mexico. In this latter campaign, such was his soldierly
conduct that the Stale of Soulh Carolina voted hira a
handsorae and costiy sword. In 1849, °n his return home,
he was elected to the United States Senate. Having only
been naturalized in October, 1840, nine years had not
elapsed, which lime was required by the Constitution of
the Uniled States to render hira eligible to a seat. His
seal was therefore declared vacant. On a called session,
convened at a. tirae after Shields was eligible by being
nine years naturalized, he was again elecled and served
until the expiration of his term. He subsequently took

counly.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

337

up his home in Minnesota, and in 1857 was elecled to
represent that State in the Uniled States Senale, in which
Jiosition he served two years. During Ihe late war he was
a General in the Union army. Since then he has moved
to Missouri, which is now his home.

^TOLP, ALLEN W., Manufacturer, was born in
Aurora, Kane county, Illinois, September 25lh,
1842. Pie is the son of Joseph G. and Temper
ance (Duslon) Slolp. Plis education was ob
tained principally in the public schools of Aurora,
although he attended the Bryant & Stratton Com
mercial College, in Chicago, about three months. In 1858
he left school and entered Ihe counting room of his falher,
an extensive woollen manufacturer, as clerk, and in that
capacity he remained several years, and now is associated
wilh him in the business. In 1873 he vvas Uniled States
Commissioner to the Vienna Exhibition, and spent several
months in visiting the important places in the old world,
deriving much benefit therefrom. He was the originator
of the Aurora Library Association, organized in 1865, and
advanced the first raoney for procuring books. The libraiy
now contains sorae 3000 volumes and is in a prosperous
and thriving condition. At an early age he manifested an
interest in political matters, and has labored earnestiy in
the support of the Republican party, and is Chairman of
the Republican District Committee. He has been delegate
to numerous Stale and counly conventions, discharging the
duties of his official position with an energy and success
that have placed him in the front rank among the politicians
of the section. He is a man who possesses qualifications
for responsible positions far above the average, and bids
fair lo make a high mark. He is still unmarried.

'ARROLL, CHARLES, Merchant, and CancUdale
for State Treasurer in 1874, was born in Lynch'
burg, Virginia, on February 25lh, 1833. His
r.'r^'„ father was a native of Dublin, Ireland. Erai-
Cs/" a) grating frora his native land he settled in Vir
ginia, where he raarried Judith M. Williarason,
a native of that Stale. Charles Carroll was educated at
Cumberland College, Princeton, Kentucky. On leaving
college he coraraenced the study of the law wilh Albert G.
CaldweU, of Shawneetown, Illinois, at which place he
had lived before going to college. He abandoned the
sludy of law after devoting four years to it, and engaged
in merchandising with John D. Richeson as his partner.
This firm continued together until 1868, when it was dis
solved, and he engaged in business on his ovvn account.
The firra of Richeson & Carroll was a very successful one,
the business transacted being very large and lucrative.
Since embarking in operations by himself to -the present
43

day he has enjoyed sirailar success. Plis estiablishraent
is the largest in his line in Shawneetown. In politics he
has always affiliated with the Deraocratic parly; in 1874
he was the parly's candidate for Slate Treasurer, and wilh
his entire ticket was defeated. Mr. CarroU has been
identified wilh this section in all that tended to its pros
perity. He was a stockholder in the Evansville & Cairo
Packet Line, and the EvansviUe & New Orieans Packet
Line, He was also one of the original projectors of the
Illinois Southeastern Railway Company, and assisted in the
building of it; it is novv the Sjiringfield division of the
Ohio & Mississippi Railroad. This enterprise he assisted
until its completion, and was connected vvith it for sorae
tirae after it was successfully at vvork. He was raarried in
August, 1856, to Elizabeth K. Eddy, daughter of the Hon.
Henry Eddy, of Shawneetown, who has figured prorai
nentiy in the affairs of the State.

URNETT, WARNER E., Counly Clerk of Saline
counly, Harrisburg, Illinois, was born in Saline
county, Illinois, on June 30lh, 1832. His falher,
John M. Burnett, vvhen but u boy, raoved frora
Virginia, where he was born, to Kentucky. At
a laler day he raoved to Illinois, where he raar
ried and seltied on a farra in Gallatin county. He vvas a
raeraber of the Legislature during the session of 1844.
He died March, 1873, at Raleigh in this State. Warner
was educated at the common schools of Ihis counly. On
leaving them he becarae engaged in mercantile business,
first as a clerk ; but after a few raonlhs he started on his
own account, and was actively employed until 1868. In
that year he vvas elecled Circuit Clerk of Saline counly;
he filled the position four years. In 1873 he vvas elected
County Clerk of Saline counly, which office he now fills.
In the capacity of a court official, he has at all tiraes given
satisfaction, and the raerabers of the bar and the citizens
of the counly congratulate theraselves in having his ser
vices. Mr. Burnett is a bachelor. In politics he has
always been a Democrat, yet he vvas elected lo the office
he fills by the combined voles of bolh parties, the Repub
licans having endorsed his nomination, which was made by
the Deraocratic party, an unusual proceeding, which evi
dences the high esteem in which he is held by all citizens.

RAWFORD, SAMUEL KNOX, Physician and
Surgeon, was born in MiUersburg, Holmes
county, Ohio, January 22d, 1835. His father,
Hugh B. Crawford, a Lieutenant in the vvar of
1812, was a native of Westmoreland counly,
Pennsylvania, descending frora Irish and Scotch
ancestry. His mother, wdiose maiden name was Rebecca

338

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Knox, was born and raised in Ihe same section of Pennsyl
vania, and was a lineal descendant of the old Knox family
of Scotland. Pie was educated at the Fredericksburg
(Ohio)' High School. He finished the junior year and was
ready to enter the senior class of the University of Michi
gan, vvhen h^ commenced the study of medicine under the
direction of Timothy PL Baker, M. D., at Wooster, Ohio.
Pie attended one course of lectures at Ihe Starling Medical
College, al Columbus, Ohio; another at the medical de-
p.artnient-of the Universily of Michigan, and frora this insti
tution took his graduating degree of M. D. in 1861. In the
suraraer of this year he received clinical instruction under
Drs. Flint and Clark, at Bellevue Hospital, New York, and
spent the ensuing winter at Philadelphia in attending a
course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College. In Janu
ary, 1862, he was caUed horae lo MiUersburg, and suc
ceeded Dr. Thoraas McEbright in a large and lucrative
Jiraclice, that gentleraan having accepted the surgeoncy of
the 8th Ohio Volunteer Infanliy. In May of that year he
was examined at Colurabus, and made Surgeon of Ohio
volunleers. Reporting to .Surgeon John Moore, United
States Army, at Cincinnati, for duty, he was assigned as
Medical Director -of the hospital steamer " Sunny Side,"
and on this vessel raade two trips to Pittsburgh Landing.
He vvas then constituted Surgeon of the 50th Ohio Volun
teer Infanliy, organized at Camp Dennison, Ohio, with John
R. Taglan as Colonel, and served in this capaeily until a
short time prior to the conclusion of the vvar, when its rera
nant was consolidated with a remnant of the gglh Clhio
Volunteer Infantry. He vvas then assigned as Staff Surgeon
Uniled Stales Volunteers, and was detailed by order of
General John M. Schofield, coraraanding the Array of the
Ohio, and the Twenty-third Araiy Corps, as Chief of the
Oper.iling Board for the second division of that coips.
Upon reporting, with detail, lo Division Surgeon John M.
Lawton, Surgeon Uniled States Volunteers on General
Hoskall's staff, he was assigned his apjiropriale place. He
served in this position from the coniraencement of what is
called the "Allanla campaign," until the Army of the Ohio
was ordered frora Nashville, Tennessee, to. Washington,
Dislrict of Columbia, in 1865, being then detailed as Staff
Surgeon to Brigadier-General Joseph T. Cooper, of Tennes
see, serving thus untU the 26th day of April, 1865, vvhen
Johnston surrendered to Sherman at the capital of North
Carolina. Upon his return from the field he moved West,
and on July 20th of the sarae year settled in Monmouth,
Illinois, where, on November 2d of the same year, he was
married to Maria Irvine, youngest daughter of the lale Rev.
S.amuel Irvine, D. D., of Fredericksburg, Ohio. He is a
raeniber in good standing of the Warren County (Illinois)
Medical Society, of the Military Tract Medical Society, of
the Illinois State Medical Society, and of the American
Medical Association. Pie is Lecturer on Anatoray, Physi
ology, and Hygiene in Monraouth Medical CoUege, and is
esteemed as a skiUed and experienced practitioner.

ARTWRIGHT, JAMES H., Lawyer and Soldier,
was born in Maquoketa, Iowa, December 1st,
1842, and is a son of Rev. Barton H. Cartwright
and Chloe J. Benedict. His early education was
obtained in the coramon schools and al Rock
River Seminary, at Mount Morris. At the break
ing out of the war of the rebellion, though he was yet a boy,
he enlisted as a private and served about seven' raonths, at
Ihe end of which tirae he returned horae and resumed his
studies. In April, 1864, he agairi enlisted, this time as
Captain in the 140th Regiment of Illinois Infantry, and
served faithfully about seven months, most of the time in
Tennessee. Soon after returning home he entered the
Michigan University Law School, and graduated in 1867,
and was adraitted lo the bar in 1868. In 1870 he vvas ap
pointed General Solicitor of the Chicago & Iowa Railroad,
and holds that position at Ihe jiresent tirae. He is also a
Director of the Chicago, Rockford & Northern Railroad.
In 1873 he was elected Mayor of Oregon, and' served in
that capacity two years, discharging his duties to the entire
satisfaction of his constituents. Mr. Cartvvright's present
position in society is due to his own energy and persever
ance, and among the young men of the great West who
have carved a name and reputation by their ovvn industiy
he stands in the front rank. In 1873 he was married to
Hattie Holms, of Oregon, and has one daughter.

RENCH, AUGUSTUS C, elected Govemor of
Illinois in 1846, was born in the town of Hill,
New Harapshire, on August 2d, 1808. He was
the descendant in the fourth generation of Nathan
iel French, who eraigrated from England in 1687
and settled in Saybury, Massachusetts. In early
life young French lost his father, but continued to receive
instruction from an exemplary and Christian mother until he
was nineteen years old, when she also died, confiding to his
care and trust four younger brothers and one sister. He
discharged his trust wilh parental devotion. His education
in early Ufe was such mainly as a eommon school afforded.
For a brief period he attended Dartmouth College, but from
pecuniary causes and care of his brothers and sister he did
not graduate. He subsequently read law, was admitted to
the bar in 1831, and shortly after removed to Illinois, set
tling first and practising his profession at Albion, Edvvards
county. The foUowing year he moved to Paris, Edgar
counly. Here he attained eminence in his profession, and
entered public life by representing that county in the Legis
lalure. A strong attachment sprang up between him and
Stephen A. Douglas. In 1839 French became Receiver of
Ihe United Stales Land Office at Palestine, Crawford county,
at which place he resided when elevated to the guberna
torial chair. In 1844 he vvas a jiresidenlial elector, and as
such voted for James K. Polk. After the expiration of his

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

339

term of office as Governor he occupied for some years the
professor's chair of the lavv department of McKendree
College, at Lebanon, and did not reappear in jitiblie life,
except as a member of the Constitutional Convention of
1862. He was an honest and conscientious man in all his
transactions, and the State was fortunate in securing his ser
vices just at the time it did. He was zealously devoted to
the best interests of the Slate, ever acting for the public
good without regard to jiersonal advantage or aggrandize
ment. It was mainly by his efforts that the credit of the
Slate was restored, and its condition when he quitted the
helm, in 1852, is the foundation on which her jiresent pros
perity is based. Governor French died in 1865, at his
home in Lebanon, Illinois.

ILBURN, REV. WILLIAM HENRY, was bora
in PhUadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September
26lh, 1826. Plis father was a. merchant, but
meeting wilh reverses, removed to Jacksonville,
IlUnois, in 1838, and is still living there. Wil
liam vvas an active, robust boy, possessed of per
fect faculties, bolh bodily and mental ; but at the age of five
met wilh an accident which resulted in his blindness. He
was playing wilh another lad in an open lol, engaged in
throwing at a mark, when his companion, in lifting his hand
to cast a piece of iron hoop, or something of the kind, inad
vertently struck the edge of it into Milburn's eye. From
this accident, hovvever, the eye recovered without injury to
vision, except that the scar forraed a slight jirotubcrance
vvhich interfered with sight downward, but not direct or up
ward. This jirotuberance the jihysician decided to burn off
with caustic; an operation vvhich, twice repeated, was hard
for the boy to bear. He begged for relief, and at last re
sisted, declaring that he could not endure it. Upon this
the physician seized hira in his arras, forced the caustic
upon the wound, and in tbe struggles both eyes of the jioor
boy were dashed vvith it. As a reraedy he vvas confined in
a dark roora, and both eyes vvere kept bathed vvith a solu
tion of sugar of lead for two years, during which tirae the
pupils became permeated with depositions of lead, and light
was shut out, wilh the exception of the left ujiper corner of
the right eye, through vvhich narrow aperture objects were
visible. By jilacing a projecting shade over Ihe eye, the
hand convexly shaped beneath it, and leaning Ihe body for
vvard at an angle of forty-five degi'ees, Milburn was able to
read; seeing, however, only one letter at a time. By this
slow process, and with the aid of friends who read to him,
he was obliged to get his education. Cut off from most
sjioits, he became absorbed in reading, and day after day
would sit in the constrained posture necessary to see, poring
over books often twelve hours out of the twenty-four. His
constitution was so good that it did not suffer under this
confinement and unnatural altitude until he was nineteen

years of age, when a senior in college ; Ihen his health sud
denly gave way, and it vvas discovered that he had a slight
curvature of Ihe spine and some internal organic disease.
He left college and joined the Illinois Conference as a
travelling jireacher, on Septeraber 26th, 1843, on his twen
tieth birthday. Before being regularly recognized by the
Conference, in the spring and suraraer of 1843, he traversed
a region of one thousand miles in extent, preaching on
every Saturday and Sunday, and three or four limes during
the week, always in coinpany vvith his theological instructor,
his text-book, and his seminary course. In September,
1845, he moved East, by order ofthe Conference, to present
Ihe cause of education and coUect funds for the establish
ment of Methodist schools and colleges. On his journey he
found hiraself on board of an Ohio river stearaer, on which
were three hundred passengers. From the number of days
the passengers had been together Mr. Milburn had become
vvell informed of their character, and he found most prom
inent among the gentlemen vvere a nuraber of members of
Congress on their vvay to Washington. These gentlemen
had attracted his attention on account of their exceptional
habils. On Sunday morning Mr. Milburn vvas invited lo
preach. He consented, and in due time began divine ser
vice. The raerabers of Congress vvere among the congrega
tion, and by coraraon consent had possession of the chairs
nearest to the preacher. Mr. Milburn gave an address
suitable to the occasion, full of eloquence and pathos, and
was listened to throughout with intense interest. At the
conclusion he slopped short, and turning his face, novv
beaming with fervent zeal, towards the " honorable gentle
men," he said : "Araong the passengers on Ihis stearaer are
a nuraber of members of Congress. From their position
they should be exemplars of good morals and dignified con
duct ; but from vvhat I have heard of them they are not so.
The union of thesc Stales, if dependent. on such guardians,
vvould be unsafe, and all the high hopes I have of Ihe future
of my country vvould be dashed to the ground. These gen
tlemen for days past have made the air heavy with profane
conversation, have been constant patrons of the bar and
encouragers of intemperance ; nay, raore, the night, vvhich
should be devoted to rest, has been dedicated to the horrid
vices of gambling, profanity, and drunkenness. And,"
continued Mr. Milburn, with Ihe solemnity of a raan who
spoke as if by inspiration, "there is but one chance of sal
vation for these great sinners in high places, and that is lo
hurably repent of their sins, call on Ihe Saviour for forgive
ness, and reform their lives." As might be supposed, lan
guage so bold from a delicate strijiling, scarcely twenty-two
years of age, had a startling effect, and made a deep irapres
sion on the gentiemen parlicidariy addressed. After Mr.
Milburn had returned to his state-room a gentleman entered
and said that he carae with a raessage from the raembers of
Congress ; Ihat Ihey had listened to his remarks, and in con
sideration of his noldness and eloquence they desired hira to
accept a purse of raoney which they had made up ainong

34°

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

themselves, and also their best wishes for his success and
hajipiness in li.e. Furthermore they offered to make him
Chaplain to Congress at the approaching session — a promise
which they fulfiUed. And thus Mr. Milburn, at the age of
twenty-two, enlered upon the duties of his nevv and respon
sible Jiosition — the youngest man who has ever opened his
moulh in eilher house of Congress. His election to the
office of Chaplain to Congress, so honorably conferred,
brought hira before the nation, and his narae becarae famil
iar in every part of the Union. His health still being deli
cate, in the year 1847 he went South for the advantage of a
mild climate, and took charge of a church in Alabaraa.
For six years he labored industriously in Montgomery and
Mobile, and in four years of that time preached one thou
sand five hundred times and travelled over sixty thousand
miles. In December, 1853, he was re-elected Chaplain to
Congress, which post he held till March, 1855. During
the summer of the last-named year he prepared a course of
lectures, entitled " Sketches of the Early History and Set
tlement of the Mississippi Valley,'' which were first deliv
ered before the Lowell Institute, at Boston, in December ;
and afterwards published by Derby & Jackson, New York.
The same firm also published " The Rifle, Axe, and Saddle-
hags," in 1856; and "Ten Years of Preacher Life," in
1859. In 1857 Mr. Milburn went to Europe and remained
about six monlhsi He was everywhere cordially received
both by Wesleyan and Church of England people, and
preached and lectured wherever he went. In the spring of
1868 he again went to Europe for the purpose of having his
eye operated upon by the celebrated oculist Von Graefe, of
Beriin. The operation took place, but no increase of vision
resulted therefrora. He is now unable to see any object,
and has but a dira perception of light. In 1865, for jier
sonal reasons, he joined Ihe Episcopal Church, and in 1871,
these reasons having ceased, he returned to the Methodists.
For the past twenty years he has been largely engaged in
lecturing; he has sjioken from Maine to California, from
Minnesota to Louisiana. He speaks on an average seven
times a week for nine months of the year, and travels thirty
thousand miles. His health is now superb, and from pres
ent indications he has before him many years of activity and
usefulness.

JUDSON, RICHARD H., Clerk of the Circuit
Court, Twenty-fourth Judicial Dislrict, lUinois,
was born at Poller Bronijiton, Yorkshire, Eng
land, on April 4lh, 1812. His parents were
English, who emigrated to this country in 1835,
and at once located at Mount Carmel, Illinois,
where they engaged in farming until Iheir dealh. Richard
H. was educaled in Ihe comraon schools of England. On
leaving school he was apprenticed to a tailor, with whom he
learned his trade, serving seven years. He subsequently
worked as a journeyman for two years, when he came to

this country and engaged in his trade, continuing therein
until 1856. He was then bookkeeper for R. Parkinson &
Co. for a period of four years. In the fall of i860 he was
elected Clerk of the Circuit Court for the term of four years,
and since then has been re-elected three times ; Ihis office he
novv fills. He has also served as Master of Chancery for
six years. Previous to this, and while engaged in tailoring,
he was elecled Magistrate and served six years. He is a
zealous meraber of the order of Odd Fellows, and has filled
all the offices from the lowest to the highest in the subordi
nate lodges and encampraents, reaching the office of Repre
sentative to the Grand Lodge. He was married in April,
1835, to Sibellah Johnson, of Yorkshire, England, who died
ill Seplember, 1837. A second time he vvas raarried, on
May 15th, 1842, to Eliza Smith, of Mount Carmel, Illinois,
who died in August, 1853.

ILSON, EDWARD SMITH, Attorney-at-Law,
was born in Palestine, Crawford counly, Illinois,
on June 25lh, 1839. His father, Isaac N. Wil
son, was a native of Virginia, and settied in
Illinois in 1814, where he engaged in farming
and hotel-keeping ; he is still living at Olney, at
the age of seventy-two. Edward obtained his elementary
education at the common schools of Palestine. On leaving
school he comraenced the sludy of law with Judge J. C.
AUen, and was adraitted to the bar in 1861. His studies
were pursued at intervals, as his ordinary labors perraitted.
He coramenced the practice of his profession at Robinson,
Crawford county, and continued until 1864, when he moved
to Olney, whieh has since been his home, and where he has
been constantly occupied in the prosecution of his duties as
a lawyer. In 1867 the partnership of Wilson & Hutchin
son was formed, and the firm enjoy the largest practice of
any in the county. Mr. Wilson is largely engaged in real
estate speculation, and is the possessor of a great extent of
land, which he is cultivating. He was married in June,
1867, to Ann Rowland, of Olney, Illinois.

dRUTCHINSON, TIMOTHY W., Attorney-at-Law,
vvas born in Oxford county, Maine, on November
2isl, 1832. Ills falher, Galen Plutchinson, was a
native of Maine, but of English- extraction. The
faraily were represented in the settleraent of Mas
sachusetts, and have, with the exception of the
subject of this sketch, always resided in New England.
Timothy attended the Oxford Norraal Institute, at South
Paris, Maine, and graduated from Urbana University, at
Urbana, Ohio. On leaving the latter he vvas engaged in
school teaching in the State of Ohio for a short period dur
ing which he commenced the study of law, and graduated

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

341

from the Cleveland Law School. He then raoved to
Illinois, and located at Louisville, where he engaged in the
practice of the law, continuing there for four years. At this
tirae he removed to Olney and took the place of Judge
Canby in the law firra of Canby & Wilson, at that place,
Mr. Canby having been elevated to the bench. He has
resided in Olney ever since, and, with his partner, enjoys
the largest and most lucrative practice of any lawyer in the
county. He was appointed Register in Bankruptcy by
President Grant, and still holds that office. He was mar
ried in 1862 to Anna L. Canby, of Bellefontaine, Ohio,
daughter of Judge R. S. Canby.

*'ANBY, JUDGE RICHARD SPRIGG, Lawyer,
ex-Judge and ex-Member of Congress, was born
in Green county, Ohio, Septeraber 30th, 1808.
His father. Dr. Joseph Canby, was a native of
Loudon county, Virginia, whence he moved lo
Mason county, Kentucky, with his parents.
There he grew to man's estate, and studied medicine, with
Dr. Duke, of Maysville, as his preceptor. He subsequently
crossed the Ohio river into the State of Ohio, in 1806, and
located hiraself at ChiUicothe, where he practised his pro
fession for sorae tirae in company with Dr. Edmiston,
reraoving later to Waynesville, Warren counly, in the sarae
Stale. From this place he moved lo Lebanon, where he
resided frora l8og to 1825, during that time practising con
tinuously his profession. In the spring of the latler year he
reraoved to Logan counly, and was there professionally
occupied until 1843, 'he date of his decease. He was edu
cated at Lebanon and at the Miami University, Oxford,
Ohio. Upon leaving college, in i82g, he was employed
until 1838 in a mercantile estabUshment, and while thus
engaged comraenced the- study of law with Benjarain
Stanton, of Bellefontaine, Ohio. At the expiration of two
years, passed in sludy, he was admitted to the bar, and
enlered upon the active jiractice of his profession in Belle
fontaine. In 1 841 he W'as elected Prosecuting Attorney for
that county, and acted in this capacity until 1844. In the
fall of the same year he was elected to the Legislature
frora this district, and in 1846 was elected to Congress frora
the Twelfth Congressional District. At the close of his
terra he returned to Bellefontaine, and during a brief period
resumed the practice of his profession. He then retired to
» farm, where he remained until 1857. Afterward return
ing to Bellefontaine, he resided there untU -1862, vvhen he
moved to Illinois in 1863, locating himself in Olney, which
has sinee been his horae. In 1867 he was elected Circtnt
Judge of the Twenty-fifth Judicial Circuit, and continued
to officiate in that capacity until 1873, since which time he
has heen absorbed in professional occupations. Until the
formation of the Republican party he was a Whig, and
.ince then has been a constant adherent to Republican

raoveraents and raeasures. He was married, March 16th,
1835, to Eliza Simpson, of Bellefontaine, Ohio.

cKEAIG, GEORGE WILLIAMSON, Poslraasler
at Cairo, Illinois, was born in Jefferson counly,
Kentucky, on May 20th, 1824. His falher was a
native of Kentucky, of Scotch-Irish parentage.
His mother vvas also a native of that Stale, and
of Welsh parentage. He was educated at a pri
vate institution in Kentucky until he was sixteen years old.
At the age of twenty he volunteered and becarae a soldier
in the ist Regiraent of Kentucky Volunteers, who enlered
during the Mexican war. He participated in ihe batties
of Buena Vista and Monterey, and served until the close
of the war. Then he rtturned to his horae in Louisville,
Kentucky, where he reraained a few months, when he
went to Hanover College, Indiana. He subsequently
entered the law deparlment of Bloominglon Universily.
After attending two sessions he located at Shawneetown,
Gallatin counly, Illinois, in 1851. In 1852 he vvas licensed
to practice by the Supreme Court of the Stale, and in Ihe
following year he received an appointment from President
Pierce as Postmaster at Shawneetown, which office he filled
until 1857. In 1856 hevvas comraissioned by the Gover
nor of the State a Justice of Ihe Peace, and he held the
position until 1862. In 1S62 he was commissioned by the
Governor as Colonel of the I201h Regiment Illinois In
fantry, and remained in the service of the United Slates
until Septeraber, 1865. He participated in the battles of
Guntown, Mississippi, Salera, Mississippi, various skir
mishes around Corinlh, and in the entire siege of Vicks
burg; was also at the battle of Milliken's Bend, Louisiana.
After being mustered out of die service of the United Stales
he removed from Shawneetown lo Cairo, Illinois, in 1865,
where he continued the practice of ihe lavv until 1870,
when he was commissioned by President Grant as Posl
raasler at Cairo. This office he now holds. Besides his
postraastership Colonel McKeaig is engaged in real estate
speculations. He was married on October iglh, 1852, lo
Loru A. Posey, of Shawneetown, Illinois.

TEWART, ELAM L., M. D., was born in Carmi,
White county, Illinois, November 6th, 1824.
His father. Dr. Josiah Stewart, was a native of
Georgia ; his mother was a native of Kenlucky.
They were married in Indiana, and settied in
Carmi in 1816, where Ihe doctor practised con
tinuously until 1865, the date ofhis decease. The coraraon
schools of Carmi afforded all the educational advantages
which he was then able to secure. Upon relinquishing
school life he was engaged for a period of two years as

342

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

clerk in a mercantile establishment, and during this tirae
coramenced the sludy of raedicine under the instructions
of his falher. Pie then attended lectures at the medical
school ofthe Louisville University, in 1849, and eventu.ally
entered upon the active practice of his profession in Carmi,
vvhere he was engaged until 1859. At Ihat date he enlered
the Jefferson Medical College, al Philadelphia, frora which
he graduated in i860. Reluming to his horae he then
resumed his professional labors, to which he afterward
devoted his time and attention until the oulbreak of the
civil vvar. In 1862 he vvas appoinled Surgeon of the 87lh
Regiment of IlUnois Infantry. He participated with his
regiraent in the siege of Vicksburg and in the actions at
Jackson and New Orleans, serving also wilh General Banks
Ihrough the campaign in the Red river counlry. On his
return from the field he was appointed Medical Director
of the igth Army Corps, at Morganza, an office vvhich he
filled until November, 1864, when he vvas transferred to
the Eastern District of Arkansas, at Helena, and appointed
Surgeon-in-Chief He remained in Plelena, acting in this
capacity with noted skUl and fidelity, until the close of the
w.ir, when he returned to his home and resumed his
practice, at the present tirae the most extensive in the
counly. In 1872 he was elected first Mayor of Carrai.
He is ihe oldest native citizen in this city, and is esteemed
as an able physician and useful citizen. He was raarried,
October 23d, 1850, lo iMargaret Hargrave, of Carrai,
Illinois.

'REBS, JOHN M., Attorney-at-Law and ex-Member
of Congress, was born in Loudon counly, Vir
ginia, April gth, 1830. His jiarents vvere born
in Virginia, and emigrated lo IlUnois, their pres
ent home, in 1837. His education was acquired
in the eommon schools of While counly, and at
the conclusion of his allotted course of studies he became
engaged in farming, continuing at Ihis occupation until he
arrived at the age of twenty-one. He then commenced
the sludy of lavv with Judge W. H. Wilson, at one time
Chief-Justice of the State of lUinois. In 1853 he was ad
raitted to the bar, and in Ihe foUowdng year enlered upon
the active practice of his profession, in which, with the ex
ception of those periods occupied by miliiary and Congres
sional labors, he has sinee been continuously employed.
His business has been extensive and lucrative, and he has
conducted to successful issues various cases of notable
iraportance. In politics he was reared with predilections
for the Whig party, and until its dissolution affiliated with
its sujiporlers. He Ihen attached himself to the Demo
cratic party, of which he has since been a valued and an
influential raeraber. In August, 1862, he was elected to
Ihe Lieutenant-Colonelcy of Ihe 87lh Regiraent of Illinois
Infantry, and in 1863 vvas proraoted to the position of
Colonel of that body, serving actively with it until the close

of the civil vvar. He served through the Vicksburg
campaign, and was preseni at the capture of the city of
Vicksburg. He participated also in the Jackson campaign,
imraediately foUowing. From there he was subsequently
transferred lo the Dejiartment of the Gulf, then under Ihe
coraraand of General Banks, where he took part in the
Opelousas campaign, in the fall of 1S63. In Ihe ensuing
spring he participated in the Red river campaign, at the
battles of Yellow Bayou, Sabine Cross Roads, Wilson's
Hill, PIea.sant Hill and MailinsvUle. Returning, he even
tually reached the Mississippi river at Milliken's bend.
During Ihe major portion cf this carapaign he had charge
of a brigade of cavalry, his regiraent at Ihat time consisting
of mounted infantry. During the summer and fall of 1JI64
he was stationed at Morganza bend, his fcrees doing duty as
scouts from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, up to Ihe mouth of the
White river, and thence as far as St. Charles. During Ihe
winter he was stationed in Arkansas, and did scout duty in
that State as far up as the lines of Missouri, and also in the
State of Mississippi. During a considerable portion of this
tirae the command vvas constantly engaged in fights and
skirmishes. His troops were finally raustered out at plelena,
Arkansas, in June, 1865, and discharged at Springfield,
Illinois, in July, 1865. Pie theji returned to his home and
engaged in the praclice of his profession. In 1S66 he re
ceived the nomination of candidate for Ihe office of Super
intendent of Public Instruction, by the Democratic party,
in opposition to Newton Bateman. pie raade a canvass cf
the Slate, delivering sjieeches ancl addresses in each Con
gressional dislrict, but, vvhile running considerably ahead
of his ticket, failed to secure an election, being defeated in
corapany wilh the whole of his associates of the Deraocratic
Jiarty. In 18S8 he was again nominated by this party fcr
Congress, from the Thirteenth Congressional District, con
sisting of the counties of Alexander, Union, Jackson, Perr)',
White, Wabash, Edvvards, Gallatin, Saline, Plardin, Pope,
Johnson, Massoe, Williamson and Pulaski. This, allhough
a RepubUcan district and one carried by General U. S.
Grant in the same election, elected him by a majority of five
hundred — an incident presenting in a strong light his wide
spread popularity and the excellence of his reputation as a
trustworthy citizen. In 1870 he vvas again nominated by
his parly, and was elected by one thousand five hundred
and eighty-six majority, serving cfilciently until the ex
piration of his terra, in 1873. While acting with the
Congressional body he took n decided stand against the
Reconstruction policy of the Administration, and sustained
with energy his opposing views. Pie also placed himself in
opposition to railroad grants, steamship subsidies, patent
extensions, and to all tariffs except for revenue purposes.
He similarly favored the equalization of bounties to all
soldiers engaged in the late rebellion, and introduced the
bill for that jiurjiose, which finally passed the House but
raet vvith faUure in the Senate. He urged also an entire
and radical change in the raode cf paying pensions, hy

G-aixcu Pu.b CaJ^".^'"^"'

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

343

abolishing pension agencies and making their duties de
volve on postmasters. Pie voted persistently against the
bill for the increase of salaries of all government officers,
and after the passage of that bill returned his increase of
salary to the United States treasury. On his return from
Congress he again resumed the praclice of his profession.
He was married, in October, 1857, to Annie Stew,arl,
daughter of Dr. Josias Stewart, of Carmi, White county,
Illinois.

I^ILLESPIE, DAVID, Lawyer, vvas born in Ed
wardsville, Madison county, Illinois, September
2gth, 1828. He is the son of Matthew Gillesjiie,
who moved to Ihe Northwest frora New York
Slate, and Nancy (Gordon) Gillespie. His pre
liminary education vvas acquired at the Shurtiiffe
College, Alton, Illinois. In 1844 he comraenced the study
of law with Joseph Gillespie, and at the completion of the
customary probationary term he was admitled to the bar in
1848, and entered at once upon the active praclice of his
profession in Edwardsville. In 1865 he vvas elecled to the
County Judgeship, in vvhich position he officiated for one
term. He has alvvays devoted his time and attention closely
and successfuUy to his profession, and persistently declined
to mingle in the political contests of the day. He vvas
raarried, October Sth, 1855, to Minna A. Barnsback, of
Edwardsville, Illinois.

RAHAM, ROSS, Attorney-at-Law, Mayor of Carrai,
was bora in While county, Illinois, February
27lh, l83g. His father, Matthew Grahara, a
native of Pennsylvania, eraigrated to Ohio, and
from there to Illinois, vvhere he engaged in farm
ing, at vvhich he continued until his decease in
His earlier education was acquired in the comraon
schools of his native place. Upon relinquishing school life
he found erajiloyraent as a school teacher, continuing thus
occupied until the oulbreak of the civil war. He then
entered the service of the Uniled States, enlisting as a
private in the ist Regiraent of Illinois Cavalry, and serving
for a Jieriod of twelve raonlhs, when that body was mustered
out. Returning to his home, he again enlisted in a newly
forraed -company, and, on its organization, vvas elected
Second Lieutenant. This corapany vvas attached to the
87lh Regiraent of IlUnois Infantry, and reraained in service
until the close of the rebellion. In Septeraber, 1862, he
vvas proraoted to the First Lieutenancy, and in Deceraber,
1G63, was again proraoted to Ihe rank of Captain, acting in
that capacity until Ihe mustering out of the regiment. Pie
was a participant at the siege of Vicksburg, and served in
the Jackson campaign. The regiment vvas then mounted,
and took part in the Opelousas campaign, and in that also
of the Red river counlry. Pie vvas present at the battles of

Yellow Bayou, Sabine Cross Roads, WUson's HUl, Pleasant
liill, and Marksville. He was then stationed at Morganza
bend, where he did duty as scout, from Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, to the raouth of While river, where he w.as de
tached and placed in charge oftwo companies, and stationed
al the St. Charies river. That body subsequently did similar
duty in Arkansas, and was mustered out at Helena, in June,
1865. After his return frora Ihe field he commenced Ihe
study of law under the instructions of Plon. John M. Crebs
and C. S. Conger, and in 1871 was admitted lo the bar.
He then entered upon the practice of his profession, in
which he has since continued, nieeting wilh rauch success.
In 1S75 he vvas elecled Mayor of Carmi, which jiosition he
SliU fills.

r))ESCHER, JOHN JACOB, M. D., was born in
Womelsdorf Berks county, Pennsylvania, March
I3lh, 1821. On both sides of the family he is
of Swiss descent. His falher's ancestors were
from Basle, Switzerland. His parents were born
in Pennsylvania, his father in Lancaster county,
his mother in Lebanon county. The former. Dr. Jacob
Lescher, eraigrated to Ohio in 1832, and settied at Dayton.
The journey was made by land, and occupied a period of
four weeks, he being accorapanied by his wife and nine
children. Subsequently the faraily reraoved to Mount
Carmel, Illinois, where Ihe doclor established himself in
the practice ofhis profession. His library, a fine collection
of valuable works, was raoved from Pennsylvania lo Ohio,
over the raountains, in a wagon drawn by four horses. His
practice was extensive and lucrative, his reputation for skill
and learning excellent and merited. After an active pro
fessional career, covering a period of half a century, he
died at Mount Carmel, August 3ISI, 1854, at the age of sev
enty-one years. John's earlier education, owing lothe limited
facilities of the neighboring schools, vvas lirailed in kind
and inferior in degree. Upon leaving school he comraenced
the sludy of medicine with his father, his means not per
mitting him to take advantage of the ojiportunilies offered
by Ihe various medical colleges. He afterward practised
his profession for several years, until able to secure a proper
collegiate course of training. He then entered Ihe Ohio
Medical College, .and attended one course of lectures at
that institution. A few years later he attended the Wash
ington Medical University at Baltiraore, where his degree
was conferred upon hira. Subsequentiy he attended also
the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
and at the sarae tirae vvas in attendance at two hospitals.
At the raedical and surgical clinics, during 1850-51, in the
Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, he was also a regular
attendant. In Ihe following winter he matriculated from
Ihe Jefferson College. He then returned to Mount Carmel,
Illinois, and- there resumed his practice. For a period of
five years, on. account of pulmonary affections, he was

344

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

obliged to discontinue his professional labors. Upon his
recovery he again returned to his practice, in vvhich he is
now engaged. In the year preceding Ihe capture of Vicks
burg he vvas tendered Ihe position of Surgeon in the Van
Buren Hospital, at Milliken's bend, above Vicksburg, or
that of assistant on the Floating Hospital, then lying at
Montgomery's Point. Upon arriving at the head-quarters
of General Grant, however, where he was ordered to report,
his pulmonary troubles harassed him so seriously that he
was prevented from accepting eilher position. He has-
been eminently successful as a practitioner, and is widely
known as a physician of unusual general culture, and ster
ling scientific acquirements. He has performed four tiraes
the operation of tracheaotoray, and, in three of those cases,
his efforts were crowned with entire success. The fatal case
proved unsuccessful, not on account of the operation, but
on account of the presence siraultaneously of intercurrent
pneumonia. His first case of this. kind occurred thirty
years ago, before chloroform or kersone was in use. To
reach the case, a boy six years of age, four miles distant, he
was obliged to ford the Wabash river by moonlight, whilst
the streara was covered with sheet ice. The operation was
performed while his assistant held a candle, and, penetrat
ing the trachea, he succeeded in relieving the boy of a
grain of corn. He has been prominently identified wilh
raedical societies, was a member of the State Medical
Society, and was also one of the Board of Censors of the
Eiculajiian Society of Lawrenceville. He has also been
importantiy identified with the order of Odd Fellows, and
vvas one of ils raost zealous adherents. He has filled all the
offices in the subordinate lodges, and in 1848 was Acting
Grand M.aster. In l84g he officiated as Grand Warden,
and was District Deputy for the dislrict in vvhich he lived.
He was one of the original members of the Grand Encamp
raent, and as such wielded considerable influence. In 1863
he was appointed United Slates Examining Surgeon of
Pensioners, a position slill occupied by him. He was
married in November, 185 1, to Eliza E. Smith, daughter
of Lyman J. Smith, of Litchfield, Connecticut.

Joss, LEWIS W., Lawyer, and ex-Member of Con
gress, was born in Seneca county. New York, in
1812. His parents came to Illinois in 1821.
His father, Ossian M. Ross, laid out the town of
Lewistown, the present county-seat of Fulton
county. His raother, Mary (Winans) Ross, was
frora New York State. His prelirainary education was
acquired at the Illinois College, in Jacksonville, where he
spent three years in study. He then entered upon a course
of legal studies in that town, under the preceptorship of
Josiah Lamborn, in his tirae one of the raore prorainent men
of the State, and in 1838 was admitted to Ihe bar, beginning
to 'priclice his profession at his home in Lewistown, In

1840 he was elected to the lower House of the Illinois
Legislature, and in 1S44 secured a re-eleclion. He was a
member of the Constitutional Conventions of 1862 and 1S70,
and, while acting with those bodies, conducted himself wilh
energy and abilily. During Ihe progress of the war with
Mexico he raised and organized a company in Fulton
county, with which he proceeded to the scene of warfare as
Captain. In 1863 he was elected to Congress on the
Democratic ticket, representing the Ninth Congressional
District, composed of the counties- of Fulton, McDonough,
Schuyler, Pike, Brown, Mason, Cass, and Menard. He
served three terms in Congress, during which time he was a
member of the following committees : on Pensions, on
Indian Affairs, on Agriculture, and on PubUc Buildings.
Since the expiration of his last term he has devoted his tirae
and attention to overlooking his general business interests,
which are large and important, leaving hira no tirae to
apply to the conduct of his original profession. He was
married in 1839 to Frances Simnis, of Virginia. His oldest
son, John W. Ross, is at present practising law in Wash
ington, District of Columbia.,

RYE, JOSEPH C, M. D., was born in Winchester,
Virginia, September 2Slh, iSii. His parents
were George M. Frye and Mary (Wolfe) Frye,
both of whom were Virginians. His father was
a Methodist minister. He was educated at the
acaderaies located in the vicinity of his home until
he had attained his eighteenth year, when he entered a drug
store, and, at the same time, commenced the study of medi
cine. He continued thus occupied during the ensuing three
years, and attended the first course of lectures in Baltimore,
at the University of Maryland. In 1832 he reraoved to
Columbus, Ohio. July 7th, 1834, he settled in Peoria,
Illinois, engaging there in the study and also praclice of
medicine. In 1838 he graduated from the Ohio Medical
College, and sinee that period has been constantly and
actively employed in attending to his jirofessional duties.
He was the first and only delegate from Illinois to the
American Medical Association, at the lime of its organization
in Philadelphia, in May, 1847. Shortly after his retura
from the scene of operations of this body, he organized the
Peoria Medical Association, ancl for several years officiated
as its President. He has also been for many years an active
and influential member of the State Medical Society. He
is known as an earnest student, and a man of unusual pro
fessional and scholarly attainments. He is the possessor of
one of the finest medical Ubraries in the Stale, and his
opinion on medical and scientific subjects is received, by all
that know hira, with deference and respect. He was mar
ried, in Columbus, Ohio, in 1835, lo Eliza Wright, daughter
of Dr. M. B. Wright, who for many years was -Professor in
tho Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

345

ARSH, JOHN L., Coal Operator, Real-Estate
Dealer and Agriculturalist, was born in Paris,
Oneida counly. New York, October 2ist, 1805,
being the son of Jaraes Marsh, a farmer. The
m.aiden name of his raother was Elizabeth Case.
His youth vvas spent on a farra, and in attendance
at the coramon schools. When seventeen years of age he
taught during the winler, and foUowed farraing during the
suraraer. When twenty-one years of age he enlered upon a
clerkship in a dry-goods store in Oneida county, and filled
it three years, when he went into Ihe general raerchandising
trade upon his ovvn account, and pursued it for seven years.
Upon the expiration of this period he carae to Tazewell county,
Illinois, where he engaged in farraing and raercantile busi
ness for six years. He then visited Chicago, reraaining
there seven years. In 1852 and 1853 he enlered lands on
the Une of the Illinois Central Railroad. During his resi
dence in Chicago he dealt extensively and profitably in
general produce, cora and wool. He returned to Tazewell
county after this absence of seven years, rented his farras,
and speculated in land, continuing in that county seven
years. He vvould perhaps have reraained rauch longer thus
engaged had he not conceived the idea that there vvere coal
beds underlying a portion of the eastern part of the .State.
Between La SaUe and Alton, east of the Illinois river, there
had never been any coal found, and Ihere were believed to
be no beds in Ihat section. In 1861 he commenced lo pro,speet,
and discovered a five-foot vein at a depth of 220 feet at Fair
bury, Livingston county. In the foUowing year he com
menced to sin'ii a shaft. At a dejith of 35 feet he encoun
tered quicksand and water, which stopped further progress.
The same causes compelled the abandonment of a second
shaft. A third was begun, 12 feet wide by 21 in length.
When this vvas sunk to a depth of 40 feet he coraraenced to
timber up from the bottora a shaft 7 by 15 ieet, leaving a
space of about 2 feet between the inner and outer curbing,
which was puddled with blue clay. This corapletely blocked
the water, and resulted in the successful sinking of the shaft.
This application of puddled clay was the first of its kind in
this country. From that time down lo the present Mr.
Marsh has been continuously engaged in operating this shaft,
whieh is one of the raost successful in that section of the
State. In all his mining interests his son, Henry L. Marsh,
has been identified wilh him. During this lirae Mr. Marsh
was very extensively engaged in farraing. In 1858 he laid
out an addition to the town of Fairbury, on its western side,
and in 1868 laid out another. He has built up these sections,
and they are novv Ihe seat of an enterprising comraunily.
The opening of the Fairbury shaft by Mr. Marsh, who has
the unquestioned credit of discovering the coal resources of
that section, rapidly increased Ihe value of land in the neigh
borhood, and was Ihe signal for a general prospecting raove
ment on the part of capitalists. He is the owner of land
aggregating 2800 acres, of which 1000 acres are in improved
farms in and adjoining Fairbury, and in remote sections of
44

Ihe county. While he vvas a resident of Tazewell counly he
filled Ihe office of Supervisor for six years ; vvas President
of the Peru Stale Bank al Washington, IlUnois, and was
active in the construction of Ihe western branch of the Chi
cago & Alton Railroad. Pic was, in fact, the only one vvho
negotiated the bonds for this road, after many others had
tailed, and he it was who made the first purchase of iron.
His career has been one of unexarapled activity, and his
private and public enterprises have earned hira the lasting
gratitude of the people of ihis section.

ORGAN, SIDNEY S., Surveyor, Agriculturalist
and Capitalist, vvas born in Stockbridge, Berkshire
county, Massachusetts, January 25lh, 1823, from
English and Welsh ancestry. His grandfather
was a prorainent Unitarian clergyraan, who had
twelve sons, each of whora received a scientific
and classical education. His father upon leaving college
studied practical civil engineering. He came to America
in 1818 and seltied in Berkshire county, his first engagement
in raUroad engineering being on the line of the Camden &
Araboy road. He was the projector of the Boston & Albany,
New York & Albany, Hudson River, Chicago & Galena,
Milwaukee & Mississippi, Chicago & Rock Island, Daven
port & Iowa City, Peoria & Oquaka railroads. Pic also raade
experiraental surveys too numerous to be enumerated here.
He is still living, though al the advanced age of eighty-five
years, and is still active in business, being engaged in Nevv
York on a new railroad jiroject. The boyhood and youlh of
Sidney S. was largely spent in accompanying his father from
point to point in assisting him in his surveys. There were
intervals in Ibis associalion which he improved by study in
school. In the fall of 1842 his falher wilh his family of Ihree
sons localed in Kendall county, Illinois. Sidney had then just
attained his majority, and he set out in life for himself. For
a year or two hefoUowed farming, and in 1844 acted with
his father in surveying the route of the Galena Railroad as
principal assistant. Subsequently they surveyed the Mil
waukee & Mississippi route, and in close succession the pro
posed lines of the Chicago & Rock Island, and the Peoria
& Oquaka roads, ending his career as civil engineer wdth
Ihe latter enterprise. For several ensuing years he con
tracted largely for the construction of steam roads. In 1855
he raoved lo Livingslon county, Illinois, where he purchased
a half interest in a very large tract of farm lands, and en
gaged actively in the work of erecting a town. The monu
ment of these labors raay be seen in Ihe enterprising town
of Odell, which stands upon Ihe site of what was once a
Jiart ofhis farm lands. The remainder lies in the immediate
vicinity of Ihe place. To carry out his public-spirited in
tentions, he pushed rapidly forward the construction of public
roads leading from all directions to a coraraon centre, and
this the new town. The new community grew prosperously

346

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and vigorously, and it is to-day one of the largest shipping
points for live stock and grain on the line of the Chicago,
Alton & St. Louis Railroad. To Mr. Morgan, raore than
to any olher raan, is due the honor of having founded and
firraly -estabUshed the prosperity of this place, which is one
of the handsomest, as to location and adornment, that one
can possibly find in travelling from Chicago lo St. Louis.
During the last twenty years Mr. Morgan has dealt largely
in real eslate, and has amassed a very large fortune whose
benefits he generously dispenses. He is a man of great vital
temperament, of rare energy and perseverance. To every
project vvhich promises the jiublic good he gives a practical
sujiporl, and by his constant efforts as an enterprising citizen
has earned the esteera of the entire coniraiinity, which will
last far beyond his own years.

f<P LLEN, JAMES N., M. D., was bora in Marine,
Madison county, Illinois, November 15th, 1820.
His father, George C. Allen, was a sea captain.
James was educaled in Illinois, and al the comple
tion of his preparatory course of sludies decided
to embrace the medical profession. He then
commenced the sludy of medicine with Dr. George T.
Allen, now Surgeon in charge of Ihe Marine Plospital at
Sl. Louis. In 1843, .at the termination of a full course, he
graduated at the Univereity of Missouri, and located him
self in Clayton, Adams county, Illinois, where he practised
during the ensuing year. He removed lo Mount Sterling
in 1844. I" 1862 he entered the service of the Uniled
States as Surgeon of the I iglh Regiment, bul vvas subse
quently detached on hospital duly. At the close of the war
he relurned to Mount Sleriing, and Ihere resumed the civil
praclice of his profession. He is a physician of sound scien
tific acquirenienis, and, vvhile possessing a varied general
priiclice, now gives special attention to the treatraent of
female affections and diseases. He is a raember of the .State
>Iedical Society, and Examining Surgeon for Pensioners for
Brown counly. He was raarried in 1846 to Phcebe PI.
Burton, of Kentucky.

fcDOWELL, WILLIAM JL, M. D., was born in
Danville, Montour counly, Pennsylvania, Novem
ber llth, 1820. His Jiarents were John Mc
Dowell and Margaret (Montgomery) McDowell.
His father, an able medical jiraclitioner, was jiro-
fessionally occupied during ¦^ period of fifty-two
years. His grandfather vvas for a lime professor of Latin nnd
Greek at the University of Pennsylvania, .after graduating in
the medical department of Ihat institution. Pie practised for
many years in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Plis grand
father's brother, John McDowell, LL.D., was a lawyer of

eminence, also at one time Provost of the University of
Pennsylvania, and a vviirm friend of General Washington.
William's preparatory education was acquired at the Marshall
College, Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, and in i83g he entered
upon a course of medical sludies under ihe instructions of
his father. He matriculated at the University of New York,
graduating from this instilulion in the class of 1843, and
coraraenced to practise in Mercersburg, vvhere he resided
during the ensuing two years. At the expiralion of that
lirae he removed lo Republic, Ohio, where he remained for
three years. Eventually he established himself in Canton,
IlUnois, in 1847, where he has since permanently resided,
occupied constantly and successfully in attending lo Ihe
numerous duties attendant on his extensive praclice. He is
a member of Ihe Canton Counly Medical Society, and vvas
chosen to fill the presidential ch.air of this a.ssocialion upon
iis organiz.ation. He is a member also of the Canton City
Medical Society. He vvas married in l84g to Malvina S.
Tyler, of New York Slate.

ANCE, HIRAM, M.D., was born in Floyd county,
Indiana, September 23d, 1822. He is the son
of William Nance and Nancy (Smith) Nance.
His earUer education was acquired in the schools
in the neighborhood of his home. At fourteen
years of age he availed himself of an academical
course at Nevv Albany, Indiana. In 1836 he carae with his
parents to Illinois, locating in Adams counly. He subse
quentiy attended school for a short lirae nt Columbus. When
quite a young man he was engaged in a drug .store, and at
the post-office at Columbus. When in his nineteenth year
he coramenced the study of medicine vvith Dr. J. W. Hol-
lowbush, vvith whom he reniained for three years. After
securing a thorough course at the University of Missctiri, in
St. Louis, he graduated from that instilulion in the sjiring
of 1847. He then enlered on the praclice of his profession
in Lafayette, Stark counly, Iliinois, and was conslanlly en
gaged there during the following fil'teen years. He thence
removed in i860 to Kewanee, his present home, wdiere he
has since been successfuUy occupied, and stands al the head
of his Jirofession. Before graduating at St. Louis he prac
tised during one season al Lafayette. He attends to a gen
eral medical practice combined vvith surgery. He is a
member of Ihe American Medical Associalion, and a mem
ber .also of the State Medical Society. He was one of the
originators of the Military Tract Medical Society, vvhich is
corajiosed of jiractitioners in the counties of Bureau, Henry,
Mercer, Knox, Stark, Warren and Henderson, and was the
second President of this society. Outside of his professional
duties he has, since his residence in Kewanee, engaged ex
tensively in real estate and financial operations, in vvhich
enterprises he has met with great success. . Pie vvas married,
April 20t.h, 1847, to §.arah- R. Sraith, of Knox county, who

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

347

is still living. The issue from Ihis union has been twelve
children (nine of whom are slill living), viz. . Albinus, aged
twenty-seven years, a member of Ihe last Legislalure of
Nebraska, and at Ihe present time Uniled Stales Revenue
Agent; Adelle, aged twenty-four years, j. graduate of the
Norriial University at Bloominglon, for several years suc
cessfully engaged in teaching at Weathersfield, Galva and
Moline, in this State; Laclede, bora October i6lh, 1852,
died February 14th, 1858; Hiram Irving, aged twenty-one
yeai'S, novv preparing for the medical jirofession at the Rush
Medical College of Chicago; S. BeUe, aged nineteen years,
who was educated at the Normal University of Blooraing
ton ; Roswell S., aged seventeen years ; Claude B,, born
June gth, i860, died September 28lh, 1867 ; Roy, aged thir
teen years ; Frederick B., aged eleven years ; Grace Lillian,
born i\lay 17th, l865, died September 28lh, 1867; Charles
PL, aged seven years; and Willis Orville, aged four years.

^Ill ANDES, SILAS Z., Attorney-at-Law, was born in
fi y Augusta county, Virginia, on May 15th, 1842.

His falher and mother vvere both natives of Vir
ginia. The former is still living and engaged in
agricultural pursuits in Wabash county. Silas
vvas educated at the common schools of Virginia
until he was fourteen years of age ; then attended school in
Edgar county, and completed his educational course at the
Edgar County Academy. On leaving school he comraenced
the study of the law with' Araos Green, of Paris, Illinois,
and at the expiration of two years was adraitted lo the bar.
Pie at once enlered on praclice in Mount Cannel, vvhere he
has ever since continued. His clientage has grown steadily
since ils coraniencenient, and he now enjoys a full share of
the law business of the dislrict. In politics he has always
affiliated vvith the Deiiiocra'lic parly. Pie has been elecled
to the office of City Attorney of Mount Carrael for three
terras, and in 1873 vvas chosen State's Attorney for Wabash
counly, vvhich he now fills. He was raarried on October
31SI, 1865, to Clara A. Sears, of Mount Carmel, IlUnois.

f KEY, WILLIAM M., Attorney-at-Law, was born
in Richland county, Illinois, on Noveraber 25lh,

1842. His father, Sarauel Ekey, was a native
of Ohio, who eraigrated lo Illinois in 1839, and
pursued his business of blacksniithing, in which
he is still engaged, and also farming. He is of
Irish extraction. The faraily is reraarkable for longevity ;
the third generation back, consisting of thirteen ehUdreu, have
reached the average age of sixty-two. WiUiara attended
the coramon schools of Richland counly. On leaving
schpol he was engaged in a mercantile establishment until

1 86 1, when he enlered Ihe array as Corporal of Company E,
llth Missouri Infantry; was at Ihe battle of Corinth, and
Ihere was wounded in the left hand, in consequence of
which he was discharged in the spring of 1863. He then
relurned home. He was next engaged in clerking in a
hotel in Michigan City, Indiana, where he reraainetl about
eighteen months. Then he went to Cincinnati and vvas
engaged as salesraan in a wholesale establishraent, and con
tinued there untU 1867, when he returned home. He then
took charge of his father's farm, and pursued the study of
theology for two years. This study of theology was pursued
as a stepping-stone to that of the Law, vvhich study he cora
raenced at home. Having raarried Miss Wright, second
daughter of Judge Wright, he raoved lo Olney, and contin
ued the study of law, under the guidance of Judge Wright,
until January, 1874. He vvas examined at the January term
of the Supreme Court, at Springfield, and 'tiiere admitted to
the bar of the State. He at once commenced the practice
of his profession, in partnership with Hon. R. S. Canby, ex-
Circuit Judge, which he still continues.

cDOWELL, CHARLES E., Attorney-at-Law,
Meraber of Constitutional Convention of 1870,
vvas bora in Wabash county, IlUnois, on July 22d,
1838. His father, James McDowell, vvas a native
of Virginia, who emigrated first to Ohio and then
to IlUnois. He was engaged in merchandising,
and subsequently practised as an atlorney-at-law. Charles
E. vvas educated at the common schools of Wabash county.
On leaving school he vvas engaged in leaching in Indiana
for a short jieriod, vvhen he comraenced the sludy of law
wilh John E. Whiting, at Carmi, and was admitted to the
bar in 1861. He at once coraraenced the practice of the
law, and has continued in it ever since. His business has
been a large and lucrative one. Pie has always been iden
tified with the Deraocratic party, and as its candidate was
Superintendent of the Schools for While county for seven
years, and in 1870 vvas elecled a raeraber of Ihe Constitu
tional Convention frora the counties of White and Edwards,
and served on the Committees on Suffrage and Canal
Lands. He vvas married in 1864 to May C. Youngkem,
of Wabash county.

^|lCE, ERASMUS DARWIN, M. D., was born in
Worcester county, Massachusetts, in 1805. His
parents were Asaph Rice and Abigail (Sawyer)
Rice. His falher was a physician of acknowl
edged skill. He was educated al the Dartmouth
College, and took his diploma from that institu
tion in 1830. Pie shortly after emigrated to Lewistown,
Illinois, where he has since permanently resided, engaged

348

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

in an extensive and remunerative practice. During the
winter of 1866-67 he took a course of lectures at the Belle
vue Hospital College, in New York. He is one of the
oldest citizens of Lewislown, and has always been a prime
and useful mover in all matters pertaining to its educa
tional and religious advancement. He was married March
29th, 1831, to Thalia Norton Owen, of New York Slate.

TEWART, JAMES T., M. D., was born in Bond
county, Illinois, in 1824. He is the son of Wil
liam Stewart and Elizabeth (Willis) Stewart.
He was educated primarily at home, and passed
his freshraan year at the Knox College, Gales
burg, Illinois. Upon leaving that institution, in
1847, he reraoved to Peoria, in the sarae Stale, and enlered
the office of Dr. J. C. Frye. In 1848 he matriculated at
the Ohio Medical College, and in Ihe spring of 1850 gradu
ated from the University of Pennsylvania. He then cora
raenced Ihe praclice of his profession in Peoria, at which he
continued unlU the oulbreak of the rebelUon. In 1861 he
entered the service of the United Slates as Surgeon of the
64th Regiraent of Illinois Volunteers. He served wilh his
regiment until July, 1864, when he was wounded in a skir
mish which took place before Atlanta. In the spring of
1865 he was on service at Post Hospital, in Charieston,
South Carolina, and remained there until Septeraber of that
year. He then returned to Peoria and resumed his prac
tiee, devoting special attention to surgery. He is a meraber
of the Stale and city medical associations, and is known as
a botanist of considerable learning, his collection of herbs,
etc. — the fruits of the gleaning of more than fifteen years —
being large and valuable. Possessing an extensive and
varied general practice, he applies himself wilh pecuUar
success to the treatment of eases deraanding surgical treat
ment. He was married in 1856 to Maria White, of Wor
cester, Massachusetts.

l ILSON, CHARLES C, Lawyer and ex-Chief-
Jusliee of the' Supreme Court of Utah Territory,
was bprn- in North Wrentham, Norfolk county,
Massachusetts, September i8tii, 1828. His father,
Enoch Wilson, was a farraer, and a descendant
of the eariy Puritans of New England. Plis !
mother, AbigaU (Richardson) Wilson, vvas from Maine.
His preliminary education was obtained in the public
schools of his native State. In 1850 he carae to the West,
remaining for a season in Peoria, IlUnois. In 1853 he '
commenced the study of lavv wilh G. A. Clifford, at Toulon '
Stark county, and in i85g, at Ihe termination of his course '
of preparatory studies, vvas admitted to the bar of the Su- '
preme Court, at Springfield, Illinois. Establishing his
office in Bureau county, he entered at once upon the prac

tice of his profession, residing there during the ensuing
year. He then reraoved to Kewanee, where he has since
been constantly engaged in attending to the duties con
nected wilh an extensive and lucrative business, his prac
tice erabracing not only the counly in whieh he resides, but
also the adjoining sections of the Stale. In 1864 he was
elected Dislrict Attorney for the Fifth Judicial Dislrict, an
office to vvhich, after serving a period of four years, he de
clined a renomination — a step taken on account of increas
ing ill health. In 1868 he was appointed by President
Johnson Chief- Justice of Ihe Supreme Court of Utah Terri
tory, and during his terra of two years perforraed the func
tions of that office with admirable ability and integrity. In
the fall of 1870 he relurned to his home at Kewanee,
Illinois. The law firm of WUson & Ladd practise in all
the Circuit Courls, in the Supreme Court, and in Ihe United
Slales Dislrict Courts. In politics he has acted consistently
with the Republican party since the date of its organiza
tion. He was married in 1850 to Maria N. Benham, and
has seven children, four boys and three girls.

'SBORNE, THOMAS O., Lawyer, was bora on
Augtist uth, 1832, in Jersey, Licking counly,
Ohio. After prelirainary training in Ihe schools
of his native place, he entered the University of
Ohio, and graduated wdlh honors therefrora in
1854. Soon afterwards he began to read law
with Lewis Wallace (now major-general), in Crawfordsville,
Indiana. He was adraitted to Ihe bar in 1858, and alraost
immediately removed to Chicago. He was rising rapidly in
his profession there when the war broke out, and he tele
graphed to Governor Yates, offering him a regiment, to be
called the Yates Phalanx. The reply came and the regi
ment was filled. There was sorae delay in the acceptance
of il, however, and he tendered it direct to the Secretary of
War, and it vvas accepted the day after the BuU Run disas
ter, as an independent regiment. He was elected its
Lieutenant-Colonel, having declined the Colonelcy, but was
promoted to that position in 1861. At Winchester, under
General Lander, he aided very materially in gaining the
only victory ever gained over Stonewall Jackson. He par
ticipated in all the work done in the Shenandoah Valley,
and in much of that done elsewhere by General McCleUan.
In January, 1863, he was placed in conimand of the First
Brigade of Terry's Division, and ordered to Hilton Head,
and participated in the siege of Monis Island and in the
capture of Forts Wagner and Sumter. At Hilton Head,
after the fall of these forts, his regiment — the 39th — deler
mined lo re-enlist for veteran service, and was the first
regiraent in the Department of the South to do so. He
went with his regiment, in May, vvith General Butler's ex
pedition, up James river, and at Drury's Bluff had his right.
arra shattered so badly as to disable it for life ; but for two

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

349

hours he remained in the saddle with the mangled arra
hanging beside him. He suffered intensely from this
wound, and on leaving Ihe hospital was sent home to recu
perate. Pie employed his leave of absence in making
speeches on the stump in the Presidential campaign of
1864. While yet unable to raount his horse without assist
ance, and wilh his arra in a sling, he reported for duty in
front of Richmond, and was placed in command of the
First Brigade, First Division, Twenty-fourth Array Corps,
having been brevetted a Brigadier-General for his gallantry
at Drury's Bluff. On the 2d of April, 1865, he led the
charge at Fort Gregg, the key to Petersburg and Richmond.
For his bravery on Ihis occasion he was raade a full Briga
dier-General, and the Secretary of War presented to the
Yates Phalanx a magnificent brazen eagle. In the final
eonflici before Richmond he and the forces under him ren
dered services of the utmost importance, and he had three
horses killed under him. For his conduct there he was
made Major-General by brevet. In October he resigned
and returned to Chicago. He was subsequently appointed
Poslraaster of Chicago by President Johnson, bul would not
accept the terms of the Presideni, and so did not get his
commission. Pie then resumed the praclice of his profes
sion, in which he made rapid advances.

jOOT, GEORGE FREDERICK, Mu.sical Cora-
poser, was bora in Sheffield, Berkshire counly,
Massachusetts, in August, 1820. When he was
six years old his father raoved to North Reading,
Massachusetts, near Boston, where for twelve
years the lad studied, worked, and developed his
talent for rausic. This talent showed itself when he was
very young, and at twelve years he could play on several
musical instruments. When he was seventeen years old
his falher went to South Araerica, and George, being the
oldest of the eight children, was left in charge of the family.
He soon went to Boston, with a view to securing a position
in the orchestra of one of the theatres, but this idea he
a'landoned by Ihe advice of A. N. Johnson, then one of the
leading organists of Boston, who offered hira a good situa
tion in his music rooras, which he accepted. Plere he
made rapid progress, both in business and in music, and
was soon able lo assist his eraployer in giving lessons on
the piano and organ. In a few months he began to play
the organ in one of the churches, and then to take lessons
in vocal music. In less Ihan a year he was admitted as
partner of his employer, and this parlnership continued for
five years. In 1844, Ihrough the influence of Jacob Abbott,
the celebrated author, he removed to New York and com
menced teaching in the young ladies' school kept by the
Abbott brothers, and was soon joined by his brother
Towner, who had hitherto been in Soulh America wilh his
falher. They taught together in several institutions there,

and had charge of the. music in the Mercer Street Church,
About Ihis lirae George married and went to Europe, vvhere
he sjient a year in the close sludy of rausic. On his return
frora Europe he published his first musical composition, the
popular song " Hazel Dell." The piece was immensely
successful, and Messrs.- Plall & Son, the publishers of il,
foreseeing his great success as a composer, secured him to
write songs exclusively for them for a term of three years.
The popular cantata, " The Flower Queen," soon followed,
and olher works, including several produced jointly wilh
Lowell Mason and YViUiara B. Bradbuiy, came in rapid
succession. In 1852 he projected his plan for a musical
teachers' institute, lo be held annually, and the next year
the first session ofthe institute was held in Dodworlh Hall,
New York. In this enlerprise he was joined by raany dis
tinguished rausical instructors, and frora it grew the famous
North Reading Institute. In 1855 he gave up teaching
and devoted hiraself exclusively to musical composition,
and in i860 he settled in Chicago as a raember of the
widely-known firra of Root & Cady, rausic jiublishers and
dealers. His compositions have been very nuraerous, and
Iheir popularity has been boundless, many of thera being
extensively sung in Europe as well as in this country, and
some of thera being known absolutely everywhere. Araong
the best known of his compositions are "Hazel Dell;"
"Rosalie, the Prairie Flower;" "The Vacant Chair;"
" The Shining Shore ; " " The Bailie Cry of Freedora ; "
" Trarap, Trarap;" "Just Before the Battle;" "Just After
the Battle ; " " There's Music in the Air; " " Old Folks are
Gone;" "Mary of Ihe Glen;" " Reaper of Ihe Plain;''
" Never Forget the Dear Ones ; " " Brother, Tell Me of the
Baltic;" " Day of Liberty's Coming;" "Lay Me Down
and Save the Flag; " " Stand Up for Uncle S.ani; " " Who'll
Save the Left?" and " Colurabia's Call." Among his
larger works are " The Academy Vocalist ; " " Sabbath
Bell;" "Festival Glee Book;" "Young Men's Singing
Book;" "Musical Album;" "The Diapason;" "SUver
Lute;" " Silver Chiraes ;"" Bugle Call ; " " Forest Choir; "
and the cantatas " The Flower Queen ; " " Daniel; " " The
Pilgrira Fathers ; " " The Playraakers ; '' and " Belshazzar's
Feast."

EARMAN, JOHN T., M. D., vvas born in Hardin
county, Kentucky, in 1829. He is the son of
John Pearraan and Sarah (Lyons) Pearman. He
was educated in the schools located in the neigh
borhood of his home. In 1851 he coraraenced
the sludy of raedicine under the instructions of
Dr. Thoraas Sraith, in Edgar county, Illinois, and in 1853
matriculated at the Rush Medical College. He graduated
in 1858. He comraenced Ihe praclice of his profession,
however, in the spring of 1854, at Elbridge, Edgar county,
Illinois, where he reraained until 1863. He also attended,
in i860, a course at Ihe Ohio Medical College. In 1S63

353

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA.

he established himself in Champaign. During Ihe progress
of the civil vvar he was in service for about four months as
Suri'eon ofthe I5lh Regiment of Indiana Infantry, stationed
at NashvUle. Pie is ii member of the American Medical
Associalion, and a meraber also of the Illinois State Medi
cal Associalion, of which he is a leading and influential
sjiirit. Pie has at times contributed to the literature of the
profession. He vv.as married in 1855 to Elizabeth EUiott,
of Edgar county, Illinois.

; MITH, CPIARLES G., Wholesale Drug Merchant,
was born in Nelson, Madison county. New York,
July 23d, 1831. His father, George Sraith, was
a native of Orange county. New York, and his
mother, a daughter of Judge Lyon, of Nelson,
one of the earliest settlers in the township.
When he vvas five years old his falher died, and his mother
sold the farm they had cultivated, and removed lo Caze
novia, which offered better faciUties for the education of her
children. Here the family remained a year, and then went
to Rulhford, Allegheny county, in the western part of Ihe
Stale. Plere the greater portion of Mr. Smith's early life
was spent, and here by constant ajiplication he laid the
foundation of a substantial and practical education. His
oldest brother, who had gone to Chicago in 1849, procured
for hira a clerkship in the drug slore of L. M. Boyce, but
before his arrival Mr. Boyce died, and the establishment
vvas bought out by Sears & Bay. In Octcber, 1849, he
enlered upon his apprenticeship to the drug business, under
Messrs. Sears & Bay, and very soon acquired a thorough
knowledge of ils details, and gained the confidence and the
esteem of his eraployers by his fidelity. Upon the retire
ment of Mr. Bay, in 1852, he became head clerk, and on
January Ist, 1854, became a partner in the concern, assum
ing the place vacated by Mr. Bay. The firm, known as
that of Sears & Sniilh, occupied the old stand at No. 113
Lake street. The results of the first year of this partner
ship were most encouraging. The business doubled, with
il prospect of still greater enlargeraent. In 1855 Mr.
Edwin Burnham was admitted to ihe partnership, and Ihe
new firra of Sears, Sniilh & Co. continued for two years,
vvhen Mr. Sears retired and Ihe business was raanaged by
the remaining partners, who removed lo 23 Lake street,
and continued in this location for three years. A second
removal, made necessary by the demands of the growing
trade, w.as Ihen effected .to No. 16 Lake street, which they
occupied until M.arch, 1864. The firm was Ihen dissolved,
and Mr. .Smith established himself in the same line at No.
259 South Water street, pending the erection of the splen
did drug house now occupied by him, for Ihe construction
of which he had contracted wilh Plon. J. Y. Scararaon. On
January Isl, 1866, Messrs. C. Plenry Cutier and Henry T.
West became his business associates, and the establishment,

whose transactions aggregate in value a vast amount an
nually, is conducted under the firm-name of Smith, Cutler
& Co. Its trade riamificalions coyer more than fifteen
States, and are constantly extending. Mr. Sraith is a mer
chant of rare tact and abilily, and has a character which is
beyond reproach. Pie was raarried January 7th, 1855, to
Annie E. Cooper, of Peoria, who died January 17th, 1S61,
leaving two daughters. On August l6lh, 1866, he raarried
Eliza L. White, of Cincinnati. Shortiy after his arrival in
Chicago he became a member of the Baptist Church, but
within a short time withdrew from it. In 1853 he became
a raeraber ofthe Church of the New Jerusalera, with which
he has since worshipped. He is a man of strong opinions,
but of most affable manners, and stands in high estimation
wilh the community.

OOLBAUGPI, WILLIAM F., Bank President, is
a native of Pike counly, Pennsylvania, having
been born there July ist, 1821. His falher was
a fanner, and his educational advantages were
but lirailed. When fifteen years old he went lo
Philadelphia in pursuit of that fortune which all
boys confidently expect, and becarae assistant porter in a
wholesale dry-goods house. Soon afterwards the firra sent
hira to the far West and Southwest, and kept hira there un
til he becarae of age, when he went into business for hira
self. He settled in Burlington, Iowa, in 1842, and for eight
years was a merchant in that city. In 1850 he retired from
the mercantile business and becarae a banker, helping lo
organize the banking-house of Coolbaugh & Brooks. He
also became a jiolitician, and was appointed Loan Agent by
the first General Assembly of Iowa, and negotiated the first
loan ever made by Iowa, and caused the issue of its finst
bonds. He was a Deraocrat of Ihe Douglas school, and at
the Baltiraore Convention, in 1852, voted forty-nine times
for Stephen A. Douglas. He was for eight years a member
of the Iowa State Senate, and made a narrow escape from
being sent to Ihe Senale of the Uniled Slates. In 1S56 he
was a member of the Democratic National Convention at
Cincinnati, and voted for Buchanan and Breckenridge, an
act which he considers one of the gravest mistakes of his
life. When Ihe rebellion broke out, like so many other
Deraocrats, he at once gave Mr. Lincoln and the govern
raent hearty supporl. In Ihe sjiring of 1862 he removed lo
Chicago and established the banking-house of Coolbaugh &
Co. In February, 1865, this banking-house became tiie
Union National Bank of Chicago, with hira as its Presi
dent. When the Chicago Clearing House vvas organized
he was chosen President of that also, and likewise of the
National Bankers' Associalion for Ihe West and Southwest.
He has been twice raarried. In Ihe year 1844 he married
a daughter of Judge Brown, of Kentucky; and in 1864 he
raarried the daughter of C. F. V. Reeve, of Newburgh,
Nevv York.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

351

„ANCOCK, JOPIN L., Packer, was born in Buxton,
Maine, March i6lh, 1812. Pie lived there until
he was fourteen years old, and then removed to
Hirara, in the sarae State, where he remained for
several years. In 1833 he removed to Westbrook,
Maine, where he engaged in the business of beef
packing, and carried it on with great success. Here he re
mained until 1854, when he entered into a partnership wilh
Cragin & Co., of New York, and immediately went to
Chicago as Western member of the firm. Pie arrived in
Chicago iA May, 1854, and at once began Ihe erection of a
packing house on a scale so large as lo astonish everybody.
People could not understand vvhere the business for such a
house was to come from. The house cost ^32,000, and its
subsequent enlargements and elaborate appliances brought
the cost fully up lo ^75,000. Ils builder soon became
known as a very heavy operator. He became an active
member of the Board of Trade, and largely through his in-
.fluence the body, wbich had heretofore been bul a weakly
one, became vigorous, strong, and active. He was elected
second Vice-President, then first Vice-President, and in
1863 -B'as elected President of the Board. A year after
wards the very unusual compUment of a second eleclion to
the position was paid him. All this time he was closely
attending to his business. During his first year in Chicago
the business of his fimi there amounted to ^300,000. .Sub
sequently the business increased very rapidly and reached a
good way into the millions, and the firm he represented be
carae noted in Europe as well as through all the United
States. In 1864 the Board of Trade found itself obliged lo
enlarge ils quarters, and John L. Plancock was one of the
most active i:i helping forward the movement which resulted
ill the erection of the magnificent Chamber of Commerce in
Chicago. He was also one of the leading spirits in the
institution of the central stock-yard system, in place of the
scattered yards around which it was necessaiy to travel
daily in order to do business. He became also a jirominent
member of the Packers' Association, and was one of the
originally elecled Directors of the Packers' Insurance Com
pany. No sketch of the man could be complete which did
not make mention of his noble and unwearied services
during the war. Eveiywhere the Chicago Board of Trade
became renowned for the work it did in those time;. It
raised and sent into the field, at ils ovvn expense, a battery
of artillery, and then Ihree full regiments ; it lost no oppor
tunity to care for the soldiers in the fi.eld, and tirae after
time contributed thousands of dollars to meet Ihe necessities
of the '^Illinois Boys," besides contributing largely toward
taking care of all the soldiers who carae to Chicago, and
foremost in all this vvork was John L. Hancock, who
labored unceasingly, and in every way, to forvvard every
effort in these' directions. He gave money, he gave time,
and he gave jiersonal effort, and all without stint. In 1865
he was ordered lo take charge of Camp Fry, then designated
as Uie place for organizing nevv regiments. lie took trj.e

command, and while he was in charge three new regiments
and several additional corapanies, to fill up regiraents in the
field, were organized. And yet, with all these extra labors
on his mind and on his hands, he never relinquished the
closest attention to his own business, for he is one of those
rare men who can despatch business, who can compress a
day's work into a couple of hours, and whose resting spell
is only a change of vvork.

OODWORTH, JAMES H., Bank President, was
born on December 4lh, 1S04, in the town of
Greenwich, Washington counly, Nevv York, to
which place his parenls, Ebenezer and Catherine
Woodworth, had reraoved from Connecticut. His
father died when James vvas very young, and the
farm was left to the management of the mother and an elder
brother. James resided at home and worked on the farm
until he was nineteen years old, when the faraily reraoved
lo the Indian Reservation, in Onondaga county, and his
next two years were given to helping clear the limber off
the new farm. When he vvas twenty-one he gave up farra
ing and yvent lo school teaching for the winter terra. Then
he entered the office of one of his brothers, who was a prac
tising physician, and studied there a year. At the end cf
Ihat time he gave up the idea of being a physician, and the
other idea of being a school teacher, and engaged wilh
another brother in mercantile business on a small scale. In
the spring of 1827 he reraoved with his brother to Spring
field, Erie county, Pennsylvania, and there Ihey carried on
business for six years. During four of these years Jaraes
held the office of Justice of the Peace. In the summer of
1833 he went to Chicago, then a place of five hundrtd
inhabitants, and there cairied on ihe dry-goods business
until 1840. In the autumn of 1839 he was elecled lo the
Slate Senale, and in the latter part of 1840 he vvas involved,
by the burning of a flouring mill, which he owned in La
Salle counly, in a loss of ^25,000. In 1842 he was elecled
to the Legislature lo represent La Salle, Grundy, and Ken
dall counties, he being Ihen a resident of La Salle counly.
In the same year he raarried Miss Boothe, of Onondaga
county. New Y'ork. Pie purchased the hydraulic flouring
mill, lo which were attached the pumps and reservoirs of
the Chicago Hydraulic Corapany, and for ten years was
busy supplying the city with bolh flour and water. During
this lirae he served three years in the Coramon CouncU of
Ihe city, and was twice elected Mayor. In 1853 he vvas
appointed a member of the Water Coraraissioners, and
served two years. In 1854 he was norainated for Congress,
and was elected, taking his seat in Deceraber, 1855. He
participated in the faraous nine weeks' contest for Speaker,
which resulted in the election of N. P. Banks. During his
term of service, he, in connection with Stephen A. Douglas,
siicceeded in gelling an appropriationlft-'- the erection of the

352

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

traction.

Chicago Custom House and Post Office building. After
leaving Congress he devoted himself mainly to looking
after his private business, and performing his duties aS
President of the Treasury Bank. He was very active in
support of the war, and rendered good service to Ihe Chicago
University as its Treasurer and one of its Trustees, as well as
being active and prominent in all public enterprises of his
city. He died several years since.

REEN, EDWARD BELL, Attorney-at-Law, vvas
born in Blair counly, Pennsylvania, on Deceraber
29lh, 1837. He is the son and youngest chUd
of Thomas and Martha Green. His father was
born in Fairfax county, Virginia, and was a sol
dier in the war of 1812; he was of English ex-
His mother was a native of Pennsylvania and of
Scotch-Irish extraction. His father's ancestors were araong
the first settlers of Virginia. His father, Thoraas Green,
died in February, 1875, aged 104. His mother is slUl
living at nearly the age of eighty-seven. He himself was
educated at the Riniersburg and Lealherwood Acaderaies,
in northwestern Pennsylvania, and received a thorough
classical and scientific education. When eighteen years old
he was elected Principal of West Freedora Acaderay, where
he taught the languages one year. He moved to Illinois in
Noveiiiber, 1858, studied law in Paris, Edgar county, Illi
nois, and was admitted to the bar in June, i860. Since
that lirae he has been engaged in ihe pursuit of his jiro
fession at Mount Carrael, and at olher points in southern
Illinois. His practice has been confined to the Circuit .and
.Suprerae Courts of the State, and the Circuit and District
Courts of the Uniled Slates. As a lawyer Mr. Green ranks
aracmg ihe ablest raerabers of the bar of the Slate. His
reputation, which is well earned, arises frora his abilily,
hard and persistent application to his jirofession. He has
eschewed politics, and has frequently declined norainations
for office. Taking a warm interest in Ihe developraent of
t'le Slate, he has been connected with the Air Line Railroad
Corapany as a Director, and w'as the attorney for the cora
pany for two years. He is one of the Trustees of McKen
dree College. He was raarried, November 23d, 1861, to
Emma L. Lutes, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

\ OYINGTON, WILLIAM W., Architect, was
born, July 22d, 1818, in Southwick, Hampden
county, Massachusetts, being the son of Juba
and Aurelia (CampbeU) Boyington, who were
the children of the eariiest settiers in that tovvn.
His early education vvas conducted in the cora
raon and acaderaic schools ofthal section, and vvhen sixteen
years of age Ihe faraily removed to Springfield, in the same
county. In this year, 1S34, he joined the Baptist Church,

and commenced to acquire the trade of a joiner and carpen
ter under his father. When eighteen he worked as a
journeyman and commanded full wages. He devoted his
working hours lo the masteiy of all the details of his voca
tion, and his leisure tirae to the study of the science of
architecture, lillie thinking that he was eventually lo become
one of its finest exponents. This application in study
rapidly matured his talents, and when twenty he was era-*
ployed as foreraan by Charles Stearns, who carried on a
large luraber yard, and was largely engaged in building
operations. In this capacity he found many opportunities
for exercising his skill as an architect, and thoroughly
acquainted himself with Ihe grades and merits of various
materials used in the construction of buildings of all classes.
When twenty-three he set out as a builder on his own
account, soon fulfilled the terras of a number of large con
tracts, and secured the reputation of a reliable architect.
He was now often called ujion — and this signalized a new
departure in his career — to furnish designs for olher builders.
After three years of good fortune, which was in trath the
success of substantial business qualifications, his shop, wdlh
all its contents, was burned. He met with an almost total
loss, but this disaster did not dampen his energy. Within
a year he had reared a new estabUshment, and his business
within the next twelvemonth so materially increased that
it compeUed his removal to a belter site, where he added lo
his shop a steam engine, planing mill, and door and sash
making raachines. This nevv concern becarae p. partnership
enterprise under the firm-narae of Decrete, Boyington &
Co., and daily extended ils business transactions. Mr.
Boyington supervised the architectural departraent. The
establishraent enjoyed five years of uninterrupted prosperity,
and was then wiped out of existence for a time, by a fire
vvhich destroyed one of the largest luraber stocks in that
section. The shops vvere soon rebuilt by ihe firm, but Mr.
Boyington shortly thereafter sold out his interest and devoted
his attention exclusively to architecture. Al this time he
was elecled to the State Legislature, and vvas appointed
Chairman of the Comraillee on Public Buildings. Early in
1853 he made an experimental trip to Chicago, which vvas
then rising to jiosition as a metropolis, and was so pleased
with the prospect of lucrative employment that he wound
up his bu.siness in Massachusetts during the ensuing sum
raer, and in Noveraber of that year permanently settled in
that city. Here he vvas f "St engaged by Charles Walker lo
make a ground jilan of ihe Central Union Depot adapted lo
the site for whieh the railroad corajiany was then negotiating,
and frora that lime to this he has been prominently identified
with the material growth of Chicago. Pie found upon his
arrival ample scope for the display of his architectural
genius, and soon achieved a reputation second to that of no
olher architect in the countiy. Aniong the churches in Ihat
city vvhich he designed are St. Paul's Universalist, First
Presbyterian, Wabash Avenue Methodist, North Presby
terian, and Centenary Methodist, whose congregations ara

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

353..

among the most influential in their respective denominations
in the Northwest. Churches frora his designs have been
erecled in many other cities of Illinois, and in Ihe Slates of
Ohio, Iowa, Indiana, and Pennsylvania. Among Ihe hotels
jilanned and erected by him in Chicago are the Sherman
House and the Massasoit Plouse ; in Milwaukie, Wisconsin,
the Newhall Plouse; and in Freeport, Illinois, ihe Brewster
•House. He designed the Universily of Chicago at Collage
Grove, together with the Observatory, the Female Serainary
at Hyde Park, Ihe Feraale Seminary and Convent of the
Sisters of Mercy on Wabash Avenue, the High School al
Des Moines, Iowa, the Illinois' Stale Penitentiary at Joliet,
which was constructed principally under his charge, the
buUdings and the tower of the Chicago Water Works, the
Stale Arsenal at Des Moines, the Union Depot of the
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, and Michigan Southern,
and Northern Indiana Railroad Companies, Crosby's Opera
House and Art Building, Young Men's Christian Associa
tion Building, Masonic Hall, and many olher jiublic edifices
which cannot be detailed here. The most prominent
business blocks and coraraercial stores are frora his designs,
and there is scarcely a street in Chicago, and scarcely a city
of any note in Illinois, which has not some improvement
bearing the stamp of his architectural genius. During Ihe
past fifteen years twenty miUions of doUars have been in
trusted to him in Chicago alone for building purposes. He
married, at the age of twenty-one, on December 20th, 1839,
Eunice B., daughter of Jacob MiUer, of Springfield, Massa
chusetts. On December 20th, 1864, the pair celebrated
their silver wedding, in comji.any wilh their nine children,
another having died at an early age. Personally Mr.
Boyington is very popular, and enjoys to a very high degree
the esteem of all who know him or know of him.

fVERTS, WILLIAM AV., Clergyman, was born
on March 13th, 1S14, in Granville, Washington
county, New York. He was twelve years old
when his father, Samuel Everts, died suddenly
and left a large family of children dependent for
support upon the efforts of their faithful, resolute
mother. The family then went to Clarkson, Monroe county.
New York, which place had formerly been their home, and
several of the boys, including Williara, went out to work at
what they could find to do. William worked hard on a
farm all suraraer, and went to school in the winter. ITe
had already made a public profession of religion, had
united hiraself with the Baptist Church, and decided upon
becoming ii minister of the gospel. After some lirae, by
the advice of his clergyraan, Rev. Henry Davis, and with
the approbation of the church, he departed, with ten dollars
in his pocket, for the Hamilton (New York) Literary and
Theological Institution. Reaching there he had just three
dollars left with vvhich to. bear the expenses of fitting him-
45

self for the ministry. He supplemented this limited allow
ance of money with a very liberal aUowance of pluck and
perseverance, and faltered at no toil, however forbidding,
that would help him through his course of study, pie
gathered the ashes from Ihe stoves of his fellow-students
and sold them ; on Saturdays he chopped down trees,
hauled them to the college, sawed and split them into fire
wood, whieh he sold to the students, and practised many
sueh methods to enable hira to raeet his tuition bills, and he
raet them. In the meantime the brave efforts of the boy
attracted the attention of a gentleman in the neighborhood,
who gave him a home during vacation and in other ways
manifested his friendship. After a few years Ihe young
student began to preach as he had opportunity, and so
gained more money to help him Ihrough. By preaching
he learned to preach, and before he had graduated from the
institution he had been ordained as a minister and had
become pastor of the Baptist Church at EarlviUe, in the
Chenango valley. New York, six miles frora the Hamilton
institution. He graduated from that institution (now
known as Madison University) in August, 1839, and on the
loth of October, in the same year, he was raarried to a
daughter of Rev. C. P. Wycoftl Iraraediately after his
marriage he removed to New Y'ork city, where he had been
called to take pastoral charge of the Tabernacle Baptist
Church, al that time a new church, he being its first pastor.
He reraained here three years, during which tirae five hun
dred persons were added to Ihe church. Al the end of that
tirae, by his advice, a church edifice in St. John's Park was
purchased from another denomination, the money with
vvhich to raake the purchase being raised by his exertions.
To this olher church he went wilh a little group of seventy
people, in 1842, and there he preached for eight years, in
whieh tirae his church attained a membership of four
hundred. He did not confine himself to merely pastoral
labors, but took part in various denominational enterprises
as vvell as in work in which Christians of all denominations
participated. During his pastorate here he published Ihe
"Pastor's Pland-Book," the "Scriptural School Reader"
and the " Life and Thoughts of Foster," besides assisting to
put forth a series of " Tracts for Cities." AU this work
broke down even his vigorous constitution. His heallh
gave way, and he was obUged to accept the year's leave of
absence tendered him by his church. He spent most of Ihe
year in Europe, and returned, partiaUy restored, in June,
1849; and not feeling physically able to take up his work
again in the great city he began anew in the little vUlage
of Wheatland, in western New York. He alraost iraraedi
ately began Ihe work pf church extension araong the
neighboring villagers, and in the course of two years he
had succeeded in erecting three village chapels and settUng
congregations in all of them. Early in 1853 he accepted a
call to take charge of the Walnut Street Baptist Church, in
LouisviUe, Kentucky, and Ihere he remained seven years.
In August, 1859, he accepted the call of the First Bapti'.t

354

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Church of Chicago, and there he has remained. His
coraing gave a fresh impetus not only to his own church,
but to all the Baptist churches in Chicago, and even
throughout the Northwest. He has worked hard and he
has worked successfully, not confining himself to mere pas
toral duties, but searching constantly for additional work,
finding it and doing it most effectuaUy. Aniong olher
enterprises in whieh he has jiarticipated were the founding
of the Universily of Chicago and the Baptist Theological
Seminary. In behalf of these he used his singular and
marvellous talent for " raising money" most successfully.

fAN OSDEL, JOHN M., Architect, was bora in
Baltimore, July 31st, 1811. His father, Jaraes
H. Van Osdel, was a raaster builder, and in his
boyhood John vvas his alraost constant corapanion,
and early acquired great " handinesS " at his
father's trade. In the spring of 1825, vvhen the
hoy was fourteen years of age, his falher met wilh a severe
and disabling accident, and the burden of supporting the
large faraily fell upon the raother. John undertook lo
relieve her of the duty. He bought a pine board on credit,
made it up into benches and olher small articles, and sold
them around among the neighbors. He raade money
enough to pay for the board and buy two more, which he
used up in the same way, and in this manner he supported
the faniily for four months, until his falher recovered. The
family then reraoved to New York, and he began to work
regularly wilh his father at his trade, read everything he
could get hold of regarding architecture, became ii pro
ficient in the art of drawing, and when he was nineteen
turned his accomplishraent to account by giving evening
instructions in it. In the meantime his mother had died,
when he was seventeen years old, and the faraily vvas, in
-consequence, broken up, and at the age of eighteen he
began to support himself and his sister. Pie returned to
B.dtimore and established himself as an architect and
builder. In 1832 he raarried Catherine Gailes, of Hudson,
Nevv York, and during the following year he coramenced
the publication of the " Carpenteris Ovvn Book." His
principal agent proved dishonest, however, and the publi
cation was soon discontinued. In 1836, having returned
to New York, he there raade the acquaintance of William
B. Ogden, of Chicago, and this acquaintance led to his re
raoval to that city. Here he designed and built a residence
for Mr. Ogden on Ontario street, vvhich was for several
years the best in Ihe city. He obtained jileiity of business
and prospered, but in 1840, on account of the declining
health of his wife, he returned to New York, where he was
for -n tirae Associate Editor on the American Mechanic,
fiow the Scientific American. Editorial work did not
agree with his heallh, and he returned to Chicago, where
he has since rethained. In 1841 he erecl;ed some of Ihe

great grain elevators there, being a pioneer in that di
rection. In 1843 he enlered into a partnership with Elihu
Granger, in the iron foundry and machine business. In
1845 his wife died, and his own heallh being broken
down, ihe leading builders of Chicago urged him to devote
his time and efforts exclusively to architecture, pledging
him their support. He accordingly opened an office on
Clark street. Plis receipts for the first year were ^500,
and he did all the business which there was to be done in
the city. His business increased, however, as may be
judged from the fact that for three years, ending with 1859,
his net profits were ^32,000. His name is identified wilh
the architectural progress and history of Chicago, and
hundreds of large and fine buildings are of his designing.
Pie married, for his second wife, Martha McClelland, of
Kendall county, Illinois. Pie has no children.

ARRERE, GRANVILLE, Lawyer and ex-Mem
ber of Congress, vvas born in HUlsboro', Ohio,
in 1 83 1. He is the son of John M. Barrere and
Margaret (Morrow) Barrere. His father was a
farmer, and filled several public positions of
trust. He was educated in the public schools
of Ohio, and subsequently at the college in Marietta, Ohio.
In 1852 he commenced the study of lavv wilh his uncle.
Nelson Barrere, at HUlsboro', in the sarae State. He was
adrailted to Ihe bar in Ohio in 1855, and in March, 1856,
localed himself in Canton, Illinois, vvhere he has since re
sided and followed his profession wilh success. In the
fall of 1873 he was elected to Congress, representing the
Ninth Congressional District, composed of the counties
of Fulton, Peoria, Knox and Stark. Wilh that body he
served one terra. Pie was elected on the Republican
ticket, and in his capacity as legislator fostered carefully
the interests of his constituency. He served on the follow
ing coraraittees : on Coinage, Weights and Measures, and on
Privale Land Clairas ; evincing while thus occupied talents
of a sound and useful character. He was married in 1856
to EUen Kennedy, a former resident of Staunton, Virginia.

URPLE, HON. NORMAN IL, Lawyer and Judge,
was born in Litchfield county, Connecticut. His
parents moved lo Nevv York Slate, near the line
of Pennsylvania, where he resided until he had
attained his majority. He then commenced the
.study of lavv in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and
was there admitted lo the bar. In 1836 he removed lo
IlUnois, settling in Peoria, and in 1837 was appointed
Prosecuting Attorney for the Ninlh Judicial District, which
at Ihat time included the greater portion of the State north-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

355

east of Peoria to Ihe State line. On August 8lh, 1845, he
was apjioinled, by Governor Ford, Judge of the district
which embraced all the counties wesi of Peoria; his resi
dence was thus, while occupying the office, established at
Quincy. Plis opinions, delivered from the bench, were
characterized by profound legal learning, admirable clear
ness and deep research. The Supreme bench of the Stale
at this lirae vvas composed of all the Circuit Judges, in ac
cordance with the intent of the constitution. He continued
on the bench until the adoption of the new constitution,
which went into effect in AprU, 1848. Pie then returned
to Peoria and resuraed the praclice of his profession. In
1848 he corapiled the real estate statutes of Illinois, and in
1857 the general statutes, known as and denominated the
" Purple Stiatutes." Also at the time of his death he was
engaged in corapiling and arranging the general statutes
which had been passed since 1857, including the measures
of the legislative sessions of l85i-'62-'63. He was a
prominent member of the Constitutional Convention of
i860. During the last ten years of his life he was promi
nent also at terms of the United States Circuit Court al
Chicago. He was a true patriot and a warm supporter of
the administration. He died in Chicago, August gth,
1863, mourned by all.

*ORT, HON. GREENBERRY L., Lawyer and
Member of Congress, was born in Portsmouth,
Ohio, October I7lh, 1825. He is the son of
Benjamin Fort, of New Jersey, and Mary (Dever)
Fort, of Virginia, who, after their removal lo
Illinois, settled in Ihe vicinity of Lacon, Marshall
county, in 183 J. He was there reared on a farm, his edu
cation having been acquired at Ihe Rock River Seminary,
Mount Morris, Illinois. Pie subsequently, in the sarae
year, entered Ihe law office of Silas Ramsey, under whora
he pursued a course of legal sludies, and in 1851 was ad
mitled lo the bar. lie has always practised in Lacon, the
county-seat of Marshall county. In 1850 he was elecled
Sheriff of the county, serving one term. In 1852 he was
elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, an office which he filled
during the following four years. In 1857 he was elected
County Judge for four years. In 1861, at the outbreak of
the civil war, he entered the service of the Uniled Stales .as
Captain of Company I, 1 1th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer
Infantry, and served for about one year under General
Wallace. He vvas then transferred lo the staff of General
John A. Logan, vvith whom he served until the close of the
war, r.anking as Lieutenant-Colonel. He then relurned to
Lacon and resumed the practice of his profession. In the
fall of 1866 he was elected to the State Senale, on the Re
publican ticket, to represent Marshall, Peoria, Putnara and
Stark counties, the Sixteenth Senatorial District. In 1872
he was elected to Congress on the same ticket, from Ihe

Eighth Congressional Dislrict, and in 1874 was re-elected
lo the same jiosition, which he still holds. He was mar
ried. May 251h, 1857, lo Clara E. Boal, of Lacon.

ALE, HON. JACOB, Lawyer, vvas born in Salis
bury, New Hampshire, February 22d, 1814.
His parents were Benjarain Gale and Achsah
(B.uley) Gale. In 1829 he entered the Dart
mouth College, and graduated from Ihat institu
tion in 1833. In the .spring of 1834 he eraigrated
to Illinois, and engaged for a short lirae in the hardware
business. In the fall of 1835 he coramenced the sludy of
law wilh Cyrus Leland, and was adraitted to Ihe bar
of Vandalia, then the capital of the Slate, in the spring
of 1837. Upon beginning practice in Peoria he associated
hiraself wilh Horace Johnson, the firm-name of Johnson &
Gale being adopted, an association which continued" for
about one year. He Ihen became associated with Hon.
Onslow Peters, in 1838, and in 1844 was appointed, by
Judge Caton, Clerk ofthe Circuit Court, an office which he
fiUed until April, 1856. He was tiien elected Judge ofthe
same court, succeeding Onslow Peters, who had died.
This position he occupied for but one year, at the expira
lion of which period he resigned the office. For many
years he has been identified vvith the raost important in
terests of Peoria, and twice acted as Mayor of the city.
He vvas married, June 7th, 1838, to Charlotte P. Bartiett, a
native of Salisbury, who died in Peoria, November 28th,
1 863.

ARTIN, HUGH, M. D., was born in Frederick
counly, Virginia, in 1802. He is Ihe son of Hugh
Martin and Rebecca (Baldwin) Martin. His
education, acquired primarily in his native State,
was comjileted at the Oxford University, in But
ler counly, Ohio. He coraraenced the sludy of
raedicine in 1826 wdth Dr. Jesse Palraer, at Eaton, Ohio,
and matriculated at the Ohio Medical School, in Cincin
nati. In 1831 he entered upon the practice of his profes
sion in Montgomery counly, Ohio, where he reraained for
about nine years. He then reraoved to Clinton county,
Indiana, where he resided during the ensuing three years.
In 1843 he reraoved to Canton, Fulton county, Illinois,
where he has since been constantiy engaged in attending
to his professional duties. In 1853 he graduated from the
St. Louis Medical Universily. He is a raeniber of the
American Medical Association, and a raeraber also of the
Illinois Stale Medical Society. He foUows a general prac
tice, bul for the past ten years has given special attention
lo obstetrics. He was raarried in 1832 lo Elizabeth Hijiple,
formerly a resident of Montgomery county, Ohio.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

trade.

HITMIRE, JAMES SMITH, Physician, vvas born
in Sidney, Shelby county, Ohio, December 13th,
1821, being the son of John and Elizabeth (Rob
inson) Whitraire, the forraer a well-known tanner
and furrier. He received ii common school edu
cation and was eariy placed at a shoemaker's
In 1843 he entered the office of Dr. J. B. Coyle, of
Macorab, Illinois, to study medicine, and made rapid pro
gress. After graduating from the medical department of
the Illinois University at Jacksonville in the spring of 1847,
he located at Metaniora, and has since been in practice
there. Early in 1S50 he took an ad eundem degree at the
Rush Medical College of Chicago, and in the spring of 1856
received the sarae degree frora the Jefferson Medical College
of Philadelphia. In 1861 he entered the United States ser
vice as Surgeon of the 56th Illinois Infantry, serving in that
capacity until August, 1863, after the siege of Vicksburg,
when he resigned and returned to his practice in Metamora.
In 1850 he contributed an article to the raedical press
relative to the use of the tincture of iodine for the bite of
the rattlesnake, calling this reraedy to public attention fcr
the first time. Since then he has written raany treatises for
the professional journals, which have been characterized by
originality of research and treatraent, and rare literary merit.
He has been a member of the Stale Medical Association
ever since its organization, and has always taken an active
interest in all its proceedings. Pie was chosen as the first
Vice-President of the association. He is a member of the
Woodford County Medical Society, having acted as its
President ; and was one of Ihe organizers and the first Presi
dent of the North Central Illinois Medical Society. lie has
a fine repulalion as a physician and surgeon, and is generally
esteemed. Pie was raarried in 1846 to Sidnah Robinson,
of Morgan county, Illinois.

i%]ARTON, PHILIP H., M. D., was born in Wash
ington, Indiana, November 2lsl, 1837, being the
son of Dr. Gaylord G. and Ann (Murphy) Barton,
the forraer a well-known practitioner of that place
and still active in the profession. Pie was edu
cated at the State University of Indiana, and in
¦1859 coraraenced the sludy of raedicine with his father. In
the winter of 1861-2 he raalriculated at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons in Nevv York, and graduated from
that institution in 1864. In April of the same year he was
appointed to Ihe position of Assistant-Surgeon in the navy,
and vvas attached to the North Atlantic squadron, serving
until 1865. Upon his retireraent from this office he located
in Danville, Illinois, in May, 1866, having for sorae time
prior to his arrival in that place practised with his father.
He has closely followed his professional duties in Danville
ever since, excepting six months frora October, 1870, to
March, 1871, which he spent in Bellevue Hospital, New

York. Pie is the Surgeon fcr the Toledo, Wabash & Vv'cst-
ern, and Ihe Chicago, Danville & Vincennes Railroad Com
panies, and is a member of the American Medical Associa
tion, and of the Esculapian Society of Wabash Valley. In
1859 he taught the English branches in St. Joseph's College
at Natchitoches, Louisiana. He is a skilful physician and
surgeon, thoroughly versed in all the branches of the medi
cal science, and has steadily risen to a leading jiosition in
the profession. Pie is a gentleman of scholastic tastes and
acquirements, and is highly respected by the community in
which he lives.

AGBY, JOPIN C, Lawyer and Member of Con
gress, was born in Glasgow, Barren county, Ken
tucky, January 24th, 1819, being the son of
Sylvanus M. and Frances S. (Court) Bagby, the
former being a prorainent Baptist minister. He
was educated in Kentucky, and coraraenced the
study of law while teaching school, and by careful and in
telligent application thoroughly qualified hiraself as an
attorney, and was adraitted to the bar in the spring of 1S45.
Moving lo Rushville, Illinois, the county-seat of Schuyler
counly, he entered upon the practice of his new profession,
and has sinee followed it with distinction, winning by the
display of coraraanding talent Ihe position of leader of the
bar. In 1874 he was elected on the Independent and Dem
ocratic tickets to Congress to represent the Tenth Illinois
District, coraprising the counties of Schuyler, McDonough,
Warren, Hancock, Henderson and Mercer. He is an ener
getic representative, u. far-sighted and impressive debater,
and stands high in public esteem as a jurist and public-
spirited citizen. He was married in October, 1S50, to Mary
A. Scripps, of Rushville.

RIGHT, GEORGE W., M. D., was born in Lew
istown, Fulton county, Illinois, August 12th,
1832. He is the son of William Wright and
Amelia (Hull) Wright. His earlier education
was acquired in the schools located in the neigh
borhood of his home. In 1855 he commenced
Ihe study of medicine at Cuba, Illinois, under the instruc
tion of Dr. Hull, and after matriculating at the Universily
of Iowa, localed hiraself at Keokuk in Ihe winler of 1857-
1858, and finished his course in 1859-1860. He then en
tered upon the practice of his profession at Fairview, where
he reraained until 1861, when he entered the service of the
United Slales, enlisting as a private in the 17th Regiment
of Illinois Infanliy. He was soon after detailed to act as
Assistant Surgeon, and served in this capacity for about five
months. He vvas subsequentiy elected Captain of Company
C of that regiraent, and while holding this position served
actively in the campaign against Fort Donelson, where, at
the capture of that stronghold, he was wounded. He con-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

357

tinued to participate actively in the raovements of the Union
forces until the battle of Shiloh occurred, when, on account
of sickness and attendant enfeeblement of health, he retired
from the service and returned to Lewistown, where in cora
pany with W. R. Hassan he purchased a drug-store. In
the fall of 1862, upon the call for additional volunteers, he
disposed of his interest in the drug business, and assisted in
raising the Fulton county regiment, known as the 103d
Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. At the organization of the
regiment, and before it had entered the United States ser
vice, he was elected its Major. The force vvas encamped
at Peoria, and upon hira vvhile there devolved the task of
discipline and instruction. October 2d, 1862, the regiraent
entered the service of the United States, and he became
Lieutenant-Colonel, receiving eventually his coraraission
from the usual sources. In this capacity he served during
the siege of Vicksburg and the Mississippi campaign ; also
during the winter season of 1863-1864. While in winter
quarters at Scotsburg, Alabaraa, he was appointed Assistant
Inspector General of the 4th Division, 15th Array Corps,
and officiated in that position until the death of the Colonel
of the 17th Illinois regiraent occurred, when he was placed
in command of this body, May 271I1, 1S64, receiving his
commission shortly after from Governor Yates. He con
tinued thus in command until the close of the war, receiving
prior to the cessation of hostilities a wound at Kenesaw
Mountain. At the termination ofthe conflict he established
hiraselfin Canton, IlUnois, and coramenced the jiractice of
medicine, conducting at the sarae lirae the business of a
drug .store. In the winter of i868-l86g he attended a
course of lectures at Ihe BeUevue Hospital Medical College,
New York, and from this institution received a degree. In
the winter of 1873-1874 he received a degree also frora the
Missouri Medical College, at St. Louis, Missouri. At tiie
present tirae he is engaged in a general practice, but devotes
especial attention to surgery, arid in the conduct of pectdiar
and aggravated cases deraanding surgical treatment of the
most careful and skilful kind he has raet wilh notable suc
cess. He is a raeraber of the State Medical Society, and is
widely recognized as an able practitioner. He vvas married
in 1864 to Laura Randolph, of McDonough county, Illinois.

' WISHER, WILLIAM M., M. D., vvas born in
Staunton, Virginia, in 1827. He is the son of
Jacob Swisher and Catharine (Palm) Swisher.
He was educated in Ohio, and at the Allegheny
College, in Meadville, Pennsylvania. In l84g he
commenced the study of medicine under the in
struction of Dr. D. B. Packard, at Greenville, Pennsylvania,
and matriculated at the Western Reserve College, in Cleve
land, graduating in the spring of 1852. He then entered
upon the practice of his profession in Knox county, IlUnois,
*here, however, he remained but for a brief period. He

removed subsequently to Elm wood, and in 1 865 settled in
Canton in the sarae State, where he has since perraanentiy
resided, absorbed in the care of the numerous responsibilities
resting on him as a successful physician. He is a raeniber
of the Canton City Medical Society. He was married in
1853 lo Susan Canijibell. Iiis son, E. L. Swisher, is now
attending a. course at the New York Universily, where he
will probably graduate this coming winter.

AY, FRANKLIN EWING, Banker and Member
of the Legislature of 1871, was born in White
counly, Illinois, on January 26th, 1S31. His
falher, Daniel Hay, a native of Virginia, emi
grated to the State of lUinois in 1816, and was
prominent in local affairs in While county.
Franklin was educated in Franklin College, Tennessee.
On corapleting his scholastic course he vvas engaged in
raercantile business about eight years; as clerk for two
years, when he becarae interested in the establishraent. In
1859 he formed a partnership with J. R. Webb, and eon-
ducted the sarae business until the fall of 1872, vvhen they
sold the concern and engaged under the sarae firra-narae of
Hay & Webb, in banking, vvhich is still being conducted
by thera. While carrying on mercantile operations they
were very successful, and this same success attends ihem in
their present enterprise. . Mr. liay has always been identi
fied wilh the Deraocratic parly, and his influence has been
lurned to good account for the proraotion of ils interesls.
In 1S70 he was elecled lo the Legislalure from White
counly, and served until Ihe expiralion ofhis term. He was
President of the Wabash Slack Water Navigation Coinpany,
and has always manifested a deep interest in the iraprove
raent of that river, regarding Ihe work as a public necessity.
He was manied in June, 1854, to Martha L. Webb, of
Carmi.

7ESING, ANTHONY C, Editor of the Illinois
Staats Zeitung, was born in Vechla, ii sraall vil
lage in the grand duchy of Oldenburg, Gerraany,
on January 6lh, 1823. His father, a brewer and
distiller, gave hira the advantages of education
coramon to the youth of that section. At Ihe age
of flfteen he was apprenticed to a baker and brewer, but
found his master arrogant and unjust. This conduct on the
part of his employer raade hira long for a home in this
counlry, of which he had heard so much. After two years
of servitude, for his apprenticeship raerited no other narae,
he emigrated to America, and directed his steps towards
Cincinnati, and in 1839 he reached that raetropolis. Pie
comraenced as a clerk in a grocery store, and he was found
so apt and so faithful that ere long the entire business
almost wholly devolved upon him. He became a merchant.

358

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and was soon recognized as an able and enterprising one.
His acquaintance became extensive, and though not yet a
citizen, he took an active interest in civil affairs, and in a
short lirae was thoroughly versed in the political raoveraents
of the day. In the Harrison campaign he joined the Whig
party, and rendered it valuable service in his enthusiastic
and eloquent advocacy of its principles. In 1842, in recog
nition of his important services, he was chosen a raeraber of
the Whig coramittee of Hamilton county, Ohio, though still
unfranchised. In the Scolt carapaign of 1852 he was a
raeraber of the Slate Execulive Committee. In 1847 he
made a visit to his birlhjilace and there raade the acquaint
ance of Louisa Laraping, who becarae his wife and accora
panied him on his return to the United States. Pie slopped
wilh his bride at Baltiraore for sorae raonths, and then went
to Cincinnati, vvhere soon after his arrival he sold his grocery
store and erected with the proceeds a hotel at the corner of
Race and Court streets, of which he becarae the landlord in
company wilh Edward Pretorious. This business he carried
on until 1854, vvhen his partner coraraitted suicide; he then
disposed of his interest in the hotel and reraoved to Chicago,
where he perraanentiy settled. Here he purchased a patent
brick dry clay raachine, and opened a brickyard at Jeffer
son, only a few miles from the centre of the city. This
enterprise proving unprofitable here, not because Chicago
was not a good raarket for brick, for it was an excellent one,
but because the clay in Ihe vicinity was unfit for the kiln, he
deterrained to seek a new location, and in partnership with
Charles S. Dole started a nevv yard in Highland Park, now
familiarly known as Clinton Park, near the lake shore.
The quality of the clay found here was good, and Ihe
manufacture of brick was coraraenced vigorously and con
ducted with encouraging success until the panic of 1857,
when the prostration of building enterprise compeUed the
firra lo discontinue ils operations. By this financial disaster
Mr. Hesing was rendered penniless, and ihough but a short
distance frora Chicago, had no money to pay his fare to
Ihat city. With this panic closed his career in this line of
industry, the evidences of whieh are lo be seen al all points
in Chicago. The Adaras House, the Milwaukee Railroad
round-house, and many handsorae stores and private resi
dences were constructed of the Hesing-Dole brick, which
was also largely used in Ihe building of sewers. His first
step after the crisis was in the line of a commission mer
chant, starling in a small store on Kinzie street, north side,
vvhich he leased, having Ihe assistance of Charies S. Dole
& Co. In Ihe following spring he gave up this enlerprise
and accepted the office of Collector of water-toll on the
north side, whieh was tendered hira Ihrough Ihe friendly
efforts of the firra ju-.l mentioned. His pay was forty-five
dollars per raonth. When in the succeeding spring John
Gray was elecled Sheriff of Cook counly, Mr. Hesing was
instaUed as Deputy, and acted in this capacity until i860,
when his services were recognized by the Republican party,
and he was norainated and elected to the office of Sheriff.

He filled this responsible station two years with general
acceptance on the part of the comraunily, and then took a
partnership interest in the Illinois Staats Zeitung, to which
he has since devoted his close attention and energy. He is
now the sole proprietor and editor of that journal, and has
succeeded in making it the representative German daily in
the Northwest, and has gained for himself an influence in
political affairs second to that of no other member of the
Republican parly in IlUnois. During the war he ably sup-
jiorled President Lincoln's administration, and was a firm
advocate of the reconstruction policy devised after the war,
and culminating in the great Congressional campaign of
1866, in whieh the Republican party won a decisive victory
on that question, which was largely due, so far as the
Northwest itself was concerned, to Ihe influence which the
Zeitung, tinder Mr. Ilesing's management, exerted. He
has held no political office since his connection wilh jour
nalism, believing wilh the elder Bennett, Greeley, Weed,
and others whose editorial labors have won for them lasting
esteera, that there can be no higher aira than that of raould-
ing public sentiraent upon principles that are sound in
theory and honorable in practice.

RESTON, FINNEY D., State's Attorney of Rich
land county, was born in Wabash county on
August I2lh, 1820. His father, Joseph Preston,
a native of Pennsylvania, settled in Ohio near
Cincinnati, in 181 1. He removed to lUinois
with his family as eariy as the fall of 1815, taking
up his residence where the subject of this sketch was born.
The place was then known as Fort Barney, but now as
Friendsville. His mother was Abigail Finney, daughter of
E. W. Finney, who was from a few miles north of New
York, and who settled in what is now Finneytovvn, Hamil
ton county, Ohio. The former died in 1830; the latter in
1847. Finney D. worked on a farm until 1839, and there
after served a time at the trade of blacksniithing at Mt.
Carmel, Illinois. Subsequently he taught school, vvas elected
Clerk of the House of Representatives of IlUnois in 1844,
and in 1846 was chosen Clerk of the Senate. The votes of
his fellow-citizens placed him in the responsible position of
Clerk of Ihe Supreme Court of the southern division in
1848, wilh ils seat of justice at Mount Vernon, Illinois.
There he read law and was adraitted to practice in the
spring of 1853. During the same year he resigned the office
of Clerk of the Supreme Court and went to Uve at Olney,
where he now resides. From this county (Richland) he
has been twice elected to the lower branch of the Illinois
Legislalure. lie served later as Secretaiy of the Senate,
and was ajipoinled by President Buchanan in 1856 United
Slates Mail Agent for the Northwestern Slates. Adhering
to Stejihen A. Douglas in his Kansas-Nebraska policy, he
was removed by President Buchanan, having discharged

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

359

the duties for two years. Pie vvas then elected Secretary
of Ihe State Senate, since vvhich lirae he has continuously
held the office of Slate's Attorney, except during the three
years coraraencing vvith September, 1862, and ending vvith
July, 1865, when he was in the Federal army, on Ihe staff
of General Wilder, vvhere he served until the conclusion
of Ihe war. He is now jiractising law on the corner
of Walnut and Market streets, in the city of Olney, as a
raeraber of the firm of Preston & Sands, vvhich enjoys a
lucrative praclice. He vvas married in 1846.10 Phebe
Munday, daughter of Samuel Munday, a well-known
citizen and early resident of Wabash counly, IllinoiG.

¦ONES, JOSEPH RUSSELL, Railway President,
was born on February 17th, 1 823, in Conneaut,
Ashtabula county, Ohio. When he was a year
old his father died, and twelve years later his
raother, wilh part of her faraily, reraoved to
Rockton, Winnebago counly, lUinois, leaving
hira in a store in Conneaut, where he remained two years,
paying his own way in the vvorld. On August iglh, 1838,
he landed in Chicago, on his way to join his mother. The
weekly stage had left for Rockton, and he found such
means of transit as he could. For the next two years he
remained wilh his mother, and then he went lo Galena,
with exactly one dollar in his pocket, and there found era
ployment in a retail slore, where he reraained for a few
months, barely earning his supporl. In the autumn he en
tered Ihe store of Benjarain PL Campbell, one of the leading
merchants of Galena, at a salary of ^300 per year. Very
soon thereafter he becarae a partner in his employer's
business, and continued this business relation until 1856,
when the partnership was dissolved and he retired. He
had been appoinled, in 1846, Secretary and Treasurer of
the Galena & Minnesota Packet Coinpany, which jiosition
he held for a terra of fifteen years. In i860 he was nomi
nated by the Republican parly and elected a member of the
Twenty-second General Assembly from the Galena Dis
trict. In 1861 he was appoinled by President Lincoln to
the position of United Slates Marshal of the Northern
Dislrict of Illinois, and entered upon his duties in March,
1861, and in the following autumn removed, with his
family, to Chicago. He was reappointed to the position
of Marshal upon the eorameneement of President Lincoln's
second term. In Chicago he speedily identified himself
vvith the leading interests of the city. In 1863, in com
pany wilh a number of olher gentleraen, he purchased
from the Chicago City Railway Company, Ihe city railway
lines of the West Division, and was raade President of the
nevv company. He is also President of Ihe Norlhweslern
Horse Nail Company, a. corapany that does an immense
business. In September, 1875, he was appointed Collector
pf Customs.at Chicago. He vvas the -iritimaleaijd.^ trusted

personal friend of President Lincoln, and more Ihan once
during the war was summoned lo Washington for consulta
tion on matters of national importance. His long resi
dence in Galena also led to an intimate acquaintance with
General Grant, which acquaintance became a close and
warm friendship. Pie married, in 1848, Elizabeth Ann,
daughter of the lale Judge Andrew Scolt, of Arkansas,
and is the father of three sons and three daughters.

LAIR, WILLIAM, Merchant, was born in Homer,
Cortland county. New York, May 20lh, 1818.
He attended school until he vvas fourteen years
old, and then enlered the slove and hardware
eslablishnient of Orin North. He remained
with Mr. North for four years, learning the busi
ness, and then, at the age of eighteen, went lo Joliet, Illi
nois, to open a branch slore for his employer. He made
raany friends ihere, and was soon doing a thriving business.
The next year was a disastrous one, and Mr. North decided
to relinquish his Joliet business. His young agent w.as not
discouraged, however, and with the aid of his two brothers
purchased the sraall slock in the branch slore, and con
tinued the business on his own account until 1842, when
he removed to Chicago. He opened a store there at the
corner of Dearborn and Soulh Water streets, confining
himself, al first, to Ihe retail business, but gradually be
carae a wholesale dealer. In the spring of 1844 his
brother, Chauncey B. Blair, becarae interested wilh hira,
and the business was greatly extended, iron being also
added to their stock. In 1846 he bought his brother's
interest, and his business continued to increase so that he
was repeatedly obliged to remove to more commodious
quarters. In 1853 he took in as a jiartner Claudius B.
Nelson, and the firra vvas known as WUliara Blair & Co.
The business of the house continued to increase until it
raraified the whole West, and included eveiy descrijilion
of hardware, the business done araounting to at least
^500,000 per year. WiUiara Blair raarried in June, 1S54,
Miss Seyraour, of Lyrae, Ohio, and two sons were the
fruit of their union.

OUSE, RUDOLPH, M. D., was born in Rensse
laer counly. New York, July 20lh, I7g3. His
parents were John Rouse, Jr., and Lydia
(McConnell) Rouse, the forraer having been a
resident of New York. He was educaled al the
University of Pennsylvani<a. While pursuing
his studies in Ihis institution the vvar of 1812 broke out,
and he iramediately enlered the service of the United
Stales as an Assistant Surgeon, ranking as Captain, and
served in that capaeily until the close of the contest. He
then, for a -nuriiber -of years, followed his profession in

36o

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA,

New York, and also in parts of New Jersey. In 1833 he
emigrated to Illinois, settling in Peoria, then a mere Indian
village. Pie soon took rank there as an able physician,
and maintained an honored position in Ihe growing town
up to the day of his decease. Pie was actively engaged in
many pursuils that tended to further the development of
the town, and officiated as President of the First Town
Board. He was also President of the Peoria & Oquaka
Railroad, at a. time when much harassing labor was re
quired, and but meagre returns expected. The spirit of
public improvement was always active in hira, vvhile at
the same lime he was greatly devoted to his profession,
and acquired considerable raeans from its practice. For
raany years he was President of the Stale Medical Society.
He died of general debility, April 30th, 1873, leaving a
large faraily to raourn his loss, vvhile the regrets of an
entire coraraunity followed his body to its last resting-place.
He vvas married October 6th, 1825, to Margaret Banta, a
step-daughter of Michael Fisher, of E.nglish Neighborhood,
New Jersey.

JETERS, ONSLOW, Judge, Lawyer, was born
in Massachusetts. His earlier education was
obtained at Brown's Universily, in Providence,
Rhode Island. lie was fitted for the bar in
Massachusetts, and practised there until, emi
grating to Illinois, he seltied in Peoria in 1837.
In June, 1855, he was elecled Judge of the Circuit Court,
then the Sixteenth Judicial Circuit, now known as the Ninth
Circuit, comprising the counties of Stark and Peoria. Pie
vvas a lawyer of profound acquirements and consumraate
ability, and as such was recognized throughout this section
of Illinois. He died February 28lh, 1856.

IjCTOHNSON, HOSMER ALLEN, Physician and
; J Medical Lecturer, vvas born in the tovvn of Wales,
^|| near Buffdo, New York, October 6th, 1822,
being the son of Samuel Johnson, a prorainent
farmer. At Boston, in the sarae counly, whither
his parents had reraoved shortly after his birth,
his education vvas coraraenced in a district school. When
twelve years old he accorapanied the faraily lo Almont,
Lapeer counly, Michigan, which was then an alraost un
broken wilderness. The succeeding nine years were em
jiloyed by him in assisting in the clearing a new farai,
and during this period he had no opportunities for school
sludy. He found partial compensation for this loss, how
ever, in closely applying hiraself to text books in hours
not devoted to raanual labor. When sixteen he received
an injury which was followed by syraptoms of pulraonary
disease, resulting in an impairment of his heallh, which
.may possibly prove permanent. He taught school in the

winter following his eighteenth year. In 1843, having
then attained his majority, he set about acquiring a com
plete eollegiiale education, and supported himself while a
collegian by laboring a portion of each year. He pursued
academical sludies in Romeo, Michigan, frora 1844 lo
1846, and in the fall of the latter year entered the sopho
more class of the Universily of Michigan, at Ann Arbor.
In 1848 he was compelled lo suspend study by failing
health, and visited, with his sister, Chicago, St. Louis, and
Vandalia, the original capital of Illinois. In the laller
city he reeominenced teaching, and in the succeeding
winter delivered a course of lectures before a literaiy
society, on geology and kindred topics. Under the pre
ceptorship of the lale Dr. J. B. Herrick, he regularly cora
menced here tbe study of raedicine. In the spring of
l84g, with recuperated heallh, he relurned to Ann Arbor,
passed the university examinations with great credit, and
at the succeeding comraenceraent received the degree of
Bachelor of Arts. He spent 1850 in teaching school at
Flint, Michigan, and in studying niedicine, and towai'ds
its close went lo Chicago for the purpose of raatriculaling
in Rush Medical College. Here he fornied the acquaint
ance of Professor William B. Herrick, then occupying
the chair of anatomy in ihe institution, who was a brother
of his forraer preceptor, Dr. J. B. Herrick, of Vandalia.
A strong friendship sprang up between thera, and Mr.
Johnson became soon an active and efficient as.sistant to
the professor, especially in that part of his course relating
to histology and microscopic anatomy. In the spring of
1 85 1 he became the first Interne or Resident Physician in
ihe Mercy Hospital, opened during the preceding autumn
for cUnical instruction, under the title of Illinois General
Hospital of the Lakes. On the completion of his second
course of instruction in Rush Medical CoUege, in February,
1852, he received the degree of Doclor of Medicine,
ranking first in his class. During the same year he was
honored by receiving the degree of Masler of Arts from
the Universily of Michigan. Soon after his graduation
from Rush Medical College he became associated with
Professor Herrick in praclice, and in the editori.al manage
ment of the Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal,
and rose rapidly in the confidence and esteem of the pro
fession and of the community. During the laller jiart
of the year he visited Louisiana and Mississipjii, and while
in Ihe latter State was tendered a professorship in Jefferson
College, but declined it. Returning to Chicago in the
spring of 1853 wilh renewed heallh, he resumed his prac
tice and editorial labors, and was soon appointed Lecturer
on Physiology in the Rush Medical College. In 1855 he
was appointed Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics,
and Medical Jurisprudence, and in 1857 was tran.sferred to
the chair of Physiology and General Pathology. He
closed his connection with this institution at the ending of
the session of i858-5g; and soon after united with Drs. E.
Andrews, R. N. Isham, and the late D.avid Rutter, in

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA'.

361

organizing the medical department of Lind University,
now known as the Chicago Medical College. Upon its
com.plelion he was elecled President of Ihe Faculty, and
appoinled Professor of Materia Medica and Thei-iajieulics,
being transferred in i860 10 the chair of liistology and
Physiology, and in 1864 to that of General Pathology and
Public Hygiene. In the spring of 1865 he sailed for
Europe, and returned, much benefited by his travels, in
tirae for the opening of the college terra in the succeeding
October. In 1866 failing health compelled hira to resign
the Presidency of the Facully and the Professorship of
General Pathology and Public Hygiene, and he was there
upon elected Pre.sident of the Board of Trustees, which
conferred on hira the honorary title of Emeritus Professor
of General Pathology and Public Hygiene. During the
suramer of 1867 he renewed his active relations with the
facully, by accepting the Professorship of Diseases of the
Chest. In 1852 he became an active member of the
Chicago Medical Society, and vvas elected one of the
Secretaries .of the State Medical Society, holding that
office for six years. In 1858 he was chosen President of
the State Society. In 1855 he vvas ils Chairraan of the
Coramittee on Drugs and Medicines. In 1854 he became
il member of the American Medical A.ssociation, and in
1860 was elected one of ils Secretaries. Frora 1852 to
l85g he was a member of Ihe Board of Attending Phy
sicians and Surgeons at Mercy Hospital, Chicago ; and
on his deparlure for Eurojie, in 1865, was appointed one
of the delegates of Ihe American Medical Association to
the Medical and .Scientific Associations of Great Britain
and the Continental countries. For many years he has
been a member of the Chicago Historical Society, and was
one of the founders of the Chicago Academy of Sciences.
In 1853 he connected himself vvith the American AssocLa-
tion for the Advanceraent of Science, and became, .subse
quently, corresponding meraber of the New Orleans Acad
emy of Sciences. He was initialed into the Masonic
order in 1853, and rapidly rose lo the grade of Master
Mason. In 1855 he was appoinled Grand Orator of Ihe
Grand Lodge of Illinois. In 1856 he organized the
Grand Corainandery of Knights Templar, of Illinois, and
for two successive terms vvas its first officer. In 1 861 he
enrolled as an active member of the Supreme Council, al
Boston, and is now one of ils officers. In June, 1861,
Governor Yates appointed hira on the Board of Medical
Examiners for the Slate of Illinois, and at its first raeeting
he was elected its President, filling that office until the
close of the war. During this period he examined about
one thousand physicians, relative to their qualifications for
appointment in the medical corps of the army; repeatedly
visited Ihe troops in Ihe field, and while there acted as
Military Surgeon. During this period, also, he was Chief
Medical Adviser of the Governor and Adjutant-General
of the State. At Ihe request of the Uniled Slates Sanitary
Gommi.ssion he visited the Department of the . South in
46

1863, ^n<i by invitation of General Hunter was preseni at
Commodore Dupont's attack on Fort Sumter. On Ihe
opening of Cook Counly Hospital, in 1865, he was ap
jioinled one of the Consulting Physicians, and has since
held the position of Consulting Surgeon to the Chicago
Eye and Ear Infirmary, and of meraber of the Chicago
Board of liealth. As may be justly inferred from this
record, the career of Dr. Johnson has been one of great
activity and of great distinction. He is a raan of rare
intellectual endowments, and of scholariy culture, both in
science and literature. He has acquired a high reputation
as a practitioner, and as a medical lecturer and author.
The productions of his raind have been widely dispersed,
and his opinions are accepted as authority. He is fluent
and forcible as an orator, and when speaking, holds his
audience under a magnetic spell. There are few public
men who have more thoroughly deserved and more securely
won Ihe confidence and respect of the community than he.
In May, 1855, he vvas married to Margaret Ann Seward.

YER, CHARLES VOLNEY, Physician, w.as born
on June 12th, 1808, in Clarendon, Vermont; and
was the youngest but one of the ten children of
Daniel and Susan Olin Dyer. He worked on
his father's farm until he was fifteen years old,
when he was sent to Castieton Academy to be
fitted for college. Al last, when prepjired for his collegiate
course, he decided lo forego the classical portion of it, and
entered at once the raedical departraent of Middlebuiy
College, at Castleton. Pie graduated wilh distinguished
honors in December, 1830; and in Ihe Februaiy following
commenced Ihe jiraclice of his profession in Newark, New
Jersey. He was very successful here, but determined on
going West, and in August, 1835, he went to Chicago.
There he soon attained professional eminence, acquired
a large practice, and became Surgeon of the garrison.
He almost imraediately began to invest in real estate.
Araong his other purchases was a lot for which he paid
^450, and a few years later he sold it to .the governmtnt
for ^(46,000, as a site for the Chicago Post-Office. By
1854 he had acquired a handsome corapetence, and, re
tiring frora his praclice, he devoted hiraself to the care of
his estates. He was an intimate personal friend of Presi
dent Lincoln, and by him was made, in 1863, Judge of the
Mixed Court for Ihe Suppression of the African Slave
Trade, an international tribunal, holding ils sessions at
Sierra Leone. The two years following, . when not on
duly, he travelled, wilh his family, through Europe. Pie
was one of the early abolitionists, voted for James G.
Birney in 1840, and was one of the officers of the "Under
ground Railroad Comjiany,'' in Chicago. In the raatter
of religion he early became a Swedenborgian, and was
one of the founders of the Nevv Jerusalera Society ia

362

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA;

Chicago. He is much devoted to art and literature, and
has not been without journalistic experience, as he was
one of the men who founded the A'ational Era, the
faraous anti-Slavery paper, in Washington. He raarried,
in 1837, Louisa M. Gifford. Six children were bom to
thera, three of whora still survive.

f ARROTHERS, GEORGE W., M. D., was bora
in Harrison counly, Ohio, on January 3d, 1815.
His father, Sarauel Carrothers, was a native of
Pennsylvania, and raoved to Ohio in 1815,
locating at Mansfield, where he was occupied
in the pursuit of his trade — that of carpenter.
George received his education at the eommon schools in
Mansfield, Ohio. On entering active life he was first
employed in a raercantile establishraent, and afterwards
worked at blacksniithing until 1843, '"'hen he commenced
the sludy of raedicine with Dr. A. Blyinier, and finished
with Dr. Mitchell. He began practice at Lexington, Ohio,
where he was located until 1848, when he moved to Illi
nois, settiing in Olney. In this place he continued to
follow his Jirofession, which he has since pursued. Dr.
Can-others is araong the oldest as well as ablest practitioners
in Richland counly, and since this has been his home he
has enjoyed a large and lucrative praclice. Originally a
Whig, he is now identified wilh Ihe Rejiublican party, to
which he has belonged since its formation. He was mar
ried December, 1836, to Catharine Hales, of Richland
counly, Ohio.

i ELL, ROBERT, Lawyer and ex-Judge, was born
in Lawrence county, Illinois, 1828. Plis father.
General Hiram Bell, emigrated from Rockbridge
counly, Virginia, and his mother from GaUatin
county, Kentucky. His falher was Clerk of the
Circuit and County Courts, of Wabash county,
for more Ihan thirty successive years. Robert was edu
caled at the Mount Carmel Select Schools and at the
Indiana State Universily. While in his teens. Judge B.ell
edited a newspaper, and vvas a poetical contributor to the
Louisville Journal, writing several short poems that were
copied into some of Ihe leading newspapers of Ihe countiy.
He studied law with his brother, Hon. Victor B. Bell, who
died at New Orieans during the yellow fever ejiidemic in
1867, and commenced the praclice of his jirofession at
Fairfield, Illinois, in 1855, but returned lo Mount Carrael
in 1857, where he has since resided, enjoying, wilh his
Jiartner, Judge Green, a very large and lucrative practice.
An active interest has alw.ays been mianifested by hira in
movements calculated lo advance the interests of his
section. He was President of the Illinois Southem Rail
road Company, which was afterwards merged inlo the

Cairo & Vincennes Railroad Company, under which or
ganizalion the road was built. He was also President of
the St. Louis, Mount Camiel & New Albany Railroad
Company, frora its organization until it was consolidated
wilh the Louisville, New Albany & St. Louis Air Line
Railway Company; and while President of the former
corapany, he succeeded in having built and equipped
that portion of the road which is now open frora Princeton,
Indiana, to Albion, IlUnois. On Noveraber 17th, 1858, he
was raarried at Madison, Connecticut, lo Sara E. Shepard,
a highly accorapUshed young lady, daughter of the Rev.
Dr. Shepard, of the Congregational Church of that place,
and niece of the late Dr. John Todd, of Pittsfield, Massa
chusetts, the celebrated author. In lS6g he became
County Judge of Wabash county, by appointment of
Governor Palmer; and is now Chairman of the Repub
lican Central Committee of the Nineteenth Congressional
District of Illinois. He is a fluent and forcible speaker,
and has done good service to his party and lo Ihe cause
of good government by his stirring addresses. Extracts
frora some of his speeches have been widely published.

decided

ADSWORTH, ELISHA S., Merchant and Slock
Raiser, was born in New Hartford, Connecticut,
May loth, 1813. Until he had reached early
manhood he reraained with his falher, a mer
chant and capitalist, and assisted hira in his
business. In 1836 he and his brother Julius
to go into niercanlile business in Charleston,
Soulh Carolina; and he proceeded lo New York to pur
chase goods, while Julius journeyed to Charleston and
raade arrangements there. While in New York he heard
of the great chances offered to investors in Chicago real
estate. He immediately delerniined lo go lo ihe Garden
Ciiy; he sold his goods, wrole to his brother of his new
purpose, and started at once for Chicago. Julius followed
hira iraraediately, and together Ihey invested largely, and
so laid the foundations of Iheir fortunes. They at once
enlered inlo business, forming a copartnership with Hon.
Thoraas Dyer, and built a store on Lake street. When
built this store was the finest in Chicago. Subsequently
they erecled numerous other buildings, all of a superior
class. The parlnership continued for several years, until
the health of Julius failed. lie was obUged lo retire from
business and go to Europe, and his place in the firm was
filled by John P. Chapin, under the name of Wadsworth,
Dyer & Chapin. The new firm did the leading business of
Chicago. They vvere among Ihe fir.st lo undertake the
wholesale dry-goods business, took the lead in grain, be
came extensive beef and pork packers, were pioneers in
sending jirovisions frora Chicago to the, English market;
and, moreover, started out several young men who subscr
quentiy proved leaders in the business -world of Chicago.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

363

Elisha never becarae prominent in polities, but in all raatters
of public iraproveraent he always took a leading and active
part. He was araong the first in the promotion of Western
railroad enlerprise; assisted in starting and vvas officially
connected with two or three of the Chicago raUroads ; and
took an active part in founding and promoting several of
the public institutions of the city. He was one of the
founders of the Chicago Reform School ; was one of its
Directors from the first, and for years was Presideni of the
institution. In 1863 he nominally retired from business,
and occupied hiraself wilh attending to his real estate in
terests, spending much of his time upon his large farra near
Waukegan, noted for stock-raising on an extensive scale,
and specially for its fine horses. He married, in August,
1842, Charlotte S. 'Woodbridge, of Hadley, Massachusetts,
four sons and one daughter resulting from the union.

gLENN, JOHN J., Lawyer, was born in Ashland
county, Ohio, March 2d, 1831. He is the son of
Jahn Glenn and Anna (Johnson) Glenn of Mary
land, who seltied in Ohio in 1818. His education
was acquired in this Slate. In 1856 he graduated
frora the Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio. Sub
sequently, while engaged in teaching school in Indiana, he
commenced Ihe study of lavv, and in 1858 was admitted to
the bar at Fort Wayne. Pie afterward practised his pro
fession in thai town until i86o, when he reraoved lo Mercer
counly, Illinois, where he resided during the ensuing year.
He then settled at Monmouth, the county-seat of Warren
county, in May, i85l. Here he has since perraanentiy re
sided, following his profession assiduously, and winning an
enviable position araong the leading practitioners of the
counly. His practice in the Circuit Court and Supreme
Court is extensive and lucrative. He was married in 1856
to Mary J. M-agaw, of Preble county, Ohio.

''033, SILAS B., Merch.ant and Capitalist, vvas bora
in Montpelier, Vermont, January 23d, 1812, being
the son of a well-known man, who vvas at different
times a tanner, farmer and inn-keeper in Ihat sec-
lion. His education was not very thorough from
the want of opportunities, but his application lo
study in the very few leisure hours he enjoyed secured for
hira a fund of knowledge vvhich placed hira above raany of
his corapanions vvho had far greater advantages. Contrary
to his wishes, his father apprenticed hira to a shoeraaker,
but he left his eraployer and returned home. His father
then insisted on his becoming a mason, but this trade proved
distasteful to him, and he was permitted to make his own
selection of a vocation for life. Acting on his choice, his

falher ajiprenticed him lo a harness-raaker at the age of
seventeen. Upon the close ofhis apprenticeship he worked
at Montjielier, South Hardwick and other Verraont towns,
as a journeyraan, and succeeded in saving sixty dollars in
nine raonths of hard labor. Having attained his majority,
he joined a party of eraigrants under the leadership of Oliver
Goss, who had located lands near Chicago, and deterrained
to accorapany them as far as his limited slock of money
would take him. They took passage on a line boat on the
Erie Canal and reached Buffalo, where he enlered as a deck
passenger on the schooner Atlanta, and after raany vicissi
tudes reached Chicago on May 2glh, 1S33, the voyage hav
ing occupied five weeks. Young Cobb was detained on the
vessel for three days by the captain, who claimed three dol
lars as additional passage money, vvhich was a violation of
his agreement. In all probability Cobb would have been
carried back to Buffalo by Ihe cajitain had not a fellow-
passenger loaned him the amount unjustly clairaed by the
avaricious master of the vessel. Chicago was a place of
Utile promise at this time, being an aggregation of rude log-
huts occupied by .soldiers, half-breeds and Indians. Jaraes
Kinzie, the leading raan of ihe j-ilace, in want of a carpenter
to " boss " the construction of a hotel, engaged Cobb, and
the latter, ihough ignorant of Ihe carpenter's trade, under
took the task, receiving ^2.75 per day, and rendering satis
faction by gelling good work out of his raen, who understood
Iheir Imsiness bul were predisposed to lake things easy. He
vvas thus employed for three weeks, and then found hiraself
without eraployraent. Wilh the forly dollars cajiilal he had
saved in this time he bought up the trinkets which arriving
eraigrants brought with them and parted wilh cheerfully at
a low price, and wilh this slock of a lillie of eveiylhing set
UJ] in trade as an auctioneer, dealing principally wilh half-
breeds and Indians, and doing quite a profitable business.
In this way he managed to lay by enough to erect a frame
building, the upper jiart of which he leased to a family,
using the lower portion as ii harness shoji in connection
wilh Mr. Goss. This vvas the beginning of his career as a
man of wealth and distinction. In one year from this tirae
he removed to a larger establishment, having dissolved
partnership wilh Mr. Goss, paying hira his original capilal,
$250, and ^200 besides. His business rapidly increased,
and was very jirofilably conducted. In 1848 he sold out
and forraed a partnership wilh William Osborne in the boot,
shoe, leather and hide trade, and after three years of great
prosperity he disposed ofhis interest and retired from business,
so far as giving his attention to any trade was concerned.
With Ihe means he had accumulated he raade careful in
vestments, and constantly added in this way to the gross
araount of his capital. He purchased lands lying in the
most eUgible sections, which he was eonfident must largely
increase in value vvithin a tirae. This forecast ofthe situa
tion was raore Ih.an realized, and frora Ihese inveslments and
sales of real estate resulted the great fortune of whieh he is
now the possessor. He has accepted and successfully man-

3^4

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP-EDIA.

aged various private, personal and business trusts. In 1852
he vvas appoinled executor of Ihe large estate of the late
Joseph Matteson, original proprietor of the Matteson House,
and the sole guardian of his five children, holding this trust
and discharging il wilh the highest, fidelity until 1866. In
1855 he was elected a Director of the Chicago Gaslight &
Coke Company, and a few years after Managing Director
of that institution. Pie has also been a Director of the
-Chicago & Galena, the Beloit & Madison Railroad Com
panies, and of one of the principal insurance companies in
Chicago. He is a public-spirited man, and has taken great
interest in all municijial improvements. In 1840 he mar
ried Maria Warren, daughter of the late Daniel Warren, of
Warrenville, Du Page county, Illinois. He has liltie taste
for politics, and Ihough often solicited to stand as candidale
for office has uniforraly declined. There are many business
blocks in Chicago, especially on Lake and Dearborn streets,
which are monuments to his enterprise and liberality.

milfcARTHUR, JOHN, Brevet Major-General United
Slates Array, was born in the parish of Erskine,
counly of Renfrew, in the southwestern part of
Scotland, November 17th, 1826. His ancestors
were Highlanders, his father having been a native
of Islay, whence he moved at an early age to
Erskine parish. He was a blacksraith and plied his trade
as a tenant of Lord Blanlyre. John vvas early placed in
the parish school, and reraained a student in it for fourteen
years. He vvas offered, upon the conclusion of this terra
of pupilage, a scholarship in the Universily of Edinburgh
on condition that he would prepare himself for the rainislry.
To the disappointraent of his parents he refused Ihe offer,
and became an apprentice to the blaeksmithing trade in his
falher's shop. Soon after attaining his majority he married,
and in July, l84g, sailed with his bride for New York, hav
ing been attracted to tills counlry by reading the accounts
of the Mexican vvar, which filled hira wilh adrairation of
the prowess of the American people. Upon his arrival he
-went to Chicago, and perraanentiy settled Ihere, and w.as
soon engaged in the boUer raanufacturing business. He
early connected hiraself wilh the Uniled Presbyterian Church,
and became one of its trustees. In 1857 he organized a
military corapany known as the HighLand Guards, and
-received his coraraission as Captain frora the Governor
of the Slate. Pie was at the head of this company when
Ihe war broke out, and upon Presideni Lincoln's first eall
for troops he tendered the services of himself and company.
These were gladly accepted, and he was in a short tirae
elecled Lieutenant-Colonel of the Washington Independent
Regiraent, to which his corapany was attached, and before
entering the field was raade Colonel of the I2lh Illinois
Infantry. He was first under fire at the battle of Fort
•Donelson, in which he comraanded a brigade, and displayed

such signal gallantry as to secure his promotion to a Briga
dier-Generalship. At Pittsburgh Landing he was severely
wounded, and upon his recovery from these injuries he was
assigned command of a division of tbe Array of the Ten
nessee, and held it until the close ofthe war. He was con
spicuous in all the carapaigns in which that portion of the
Union army was engaged. His bravery and skill as a
strategist at Vicksburg secured his recoraraendation for pro
motion, and General Grant indorsed this recommendation
briefly, thus : " Headquarters Department of the Tennessee.
Before Vicksburg, February 24lh, 1863. General MeArthur
has proved himself a zealous and efficient officer frora the
beginning of this rebeUion, and has won proraotion on the
field of battle. I heartily indorse hiin for promotion. U.
S. Grant, Major-General." After the battle of NashviUe,
in which General MeArthur rendered splendid services, he
was, on the recommendation of General Thomas, brevetted
Major-General. He has lived quietly in Chicago since the
vvar, and is admired for his public acts and social qualities.

ARSHALL, NATHAN, M. D., was born in West
Chester, Pennsylvania, March nth, 1832. His
parents, natives of Pennsylvania, were of Welsh-
English extraction. His falher, Abraham Mar
shall, was a, well-known lawyer, who Uved in
West Chester until 1832, at which date he moved
to Illinois, and there raised a corapany of soldiers for the
Texan array, then fighting for freedom. He died in Texas
during the progress of the war. Nathan attended the pub
lic schools in his native place until he had attained his
fourteenth year, when he entered a drug store in Baltimore
vvith a view to learn its business. After reraaining there
for three years he returned to his home and attended school,
his health not pennitting him to follow the drug business.
He subsequently spent one year in a printing office, and
then returned to his original occupation, finishing his sludies
during the ensuing year. He was afterward appointed
Hospital Steward on board Ihe Vandalia, wdiich vessel ac
companied Comraodore Perry on his Japan expedition.
At the corapletion of Perry's treaty he was, in company
with others, transferred to the East India and China station,
where he reraained for a period of four years. On his re
turn horae he entered the Jefferson Medical College, at
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1856, and in 1858 graduated
frora that institution. After remaining in the coUege another
year he coraraenced the praclice of his profession in Phila
delphia, sustaining it in this locality with success for many
years. In 1873 his brother, the cashier of the Fir.st National
Bank of Olney, prevailed upon him lo come lo Illinois and
raake Olney his home. Since then he has resided perraa
nentiy in the eily, and at Ihe present tirae possesses a large
and lucrative practice. He was married in 1850 to Anna
M. Price, of Baltiinore, Maiyland.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

365

' HURCIi, THOMAS, Merchant, was born in Onon
daga, Onondaga county. New York, on November
8th, 1801. He was early brought under the rule
of a stepfather, and after several removes the
faniily settled in PloUand Purchase, Genesee
county, Nevv York. Here the lad worked on
his stepfather's farm until he was nearly nineteen years old,
vvhen he one day had a slight difficulty with a younger
brother about a jack-knife; his stepfatiier decided the affair
against him, and suggested that he had better leave.
Thomas look him at his word, threw down his axe, jumped
the fence, and was an independent raan from Ihal lirae for
ward. He went to work for a miller a few miles away, and
at the end of a year owned a small farm. At the end of
another year he sold his farra for cash, and six months laler
he had iS227 in money, a good suit of clothes, and a good
wife, having married Rachel Warriner. Then, in the
autumn of 1823, he went to Chautauqua counly. New York,
bargained for a small farra, built a log house, and walked
to Buffalo to purchase housekeeping articles. While there
he thought he would prefer a business career lo a career in
the backwoods. Pie consulted wilh his wife, she consented
to the change, and in February the young couple reraoved
to Buffalo, where he erected a sraall house and went inlo
raercantile business, on a sraall scale, his first stock of goods
costing fourteen dollars. He cleared ^200 the first year,
and continued in the business ten years. At the end of
that time he was worlh IS2500, and removed lo Chicago, a
place then of four hundred inhabitants. He bought a slock
of groceries in Buffalo, after he had built a store, and in a
short time was doing so large a business that his store (on
Lake street) had lo be enlarged. He had large credit in
Nevv York, was able to keep a large and well-assorted
stock, and to sell as none ofhis competitors could sell. He
prospered greatly and continuously until 1843, when he re
tired from the raercantile business wilh property worth
JS37,ooo. He then went into the real estate business and
was very successful. His first wife died in April, l83g.
In November, l83g, he married Rebecca Pruyne, widow
of Senator Pruyne, of Illinois.

|ENNARD, AMOS L., M. D., was born in HaraU
lon county, Ohio, in 1836. He is the son of
Phillip Lennard and Mary (Dagen) Lennard.
He was educaled at the Greencastle Acaderay, in
Indiana. When quite young he coraraenced the
study of raedicine with Dr. AUen, an eclectic
physician residing at Araelia, Clareraont county, Ohio, and
reniained wilh hira for a period of three years. In i85g he
entered upon the practice of his profession in Louisiana.
He remained thus occupied until the oulbreak of the rebel
lion, when he became associated with Dr. S. C. Whiting, a
very prominent, homoeopathic physician of Vincennes, In

diana. His connection wilh that pracliliorier being dis
solved at the expiration of three years, he removed to
Illinois, where he established himself in Charapaign, being
the introducer of the horaoeopathic systera of treatraent into
this town. He attended a regular course, and in 1862
graduated from the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati.
While possessing an extensive general praclice, he applies
himself vvith especial success to the treatment of affections
of the eye and ear, throat and lungs. He was married in
1858 to Lottie A. Pendry, of Glendale, Ohio.

PIESBROUGH, ELLIS SYLVESTER, Surveyor
and Civil Engineer, was bora July 6lh, 1813, in
Biillimore county, Maryland. His paternal an
cestors landed al Plymouth, Massachusetts, in
1630, his father, Isaac M. Chesbrough, being a
native of North Adaras, in the same State. His
raother, whose raaiden narae was Phrania Jones, was born
in Baltiraore county, Maryland. Shortly after the birth of
Ellis, his father, who had been a farmer, turned his atten
tion to other branches of business, meeting at first wilh in
different success. When nine years of age Ellis' education
was arrested by his falher's failure, which thwarted the
intention of his parents to give him a liberal culture in the
sciences and classics. His subsequent progress, which was
rapid, was wiihout the aid of a regular teacher, and was
alone due to his penetration and energy as a student.
From his ninth to his fifteenlh year his duties were arduous,
and he had the benefit of but one year's schooling. A por
tion of this time was .spent in two mercantile houses in
Baltiraore, and the earnings of this service were devoted lo
Ihe corafort of his parenls. When fifteen he was employed
by the Baltiraore & Ohio Railroad Company in a corapany
of engineers, and through his influence Ellis vvas admitted
lo a similar coinpany then engaged in raaking surveys in
and abotit the city of Baltimore, under the supervision and
coraraand of Lieutenant Joshua Barney. These engineers
were raainly officers of the United Stales army and gradu
ates of West Point, and discovering in their youthful com
panion an .ardent desire to masler the details of the science
of civil engineering, they generously afforded him every
facility and all needed instruction. With this opportunity
opened to hira, such was his application lo the theoiy and
praclice ofhis new vocation that his rapid progress was the
subject of coraraendalory remark. In 1830 he left Ihe ser
vice of this road and entered that of the State of Pennsyl
vania to aid in the survey ofthe newly projected Allegheny
Portage Railroad, under his former chief Colonel S. PI.
Long. In the foUowing year he joined the engineer corps
of Captain, subsequently General William Gibbs McNeil,
at Paterson, New Jersey, and for eleven years was promi
nentiy identified with it, being in this time on the surveys
of the Paterson & Hudson River, Boston & Providence, the

3'66

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Taunton Branch, and of the LouisviUe, Charleston & Cin
cinnati RaUroads. During the earlier portion of Ihis period
he was iraraediately under Ihe direction of Lieutenant
George W. Whistler, an accoraplished United Slales engi
neer, who, vvhile subsequently acting in the service of the
Emperor of Russia as consulting engineer, died at Sl.
Petersburg. In 1837 Mr. Chesbrough vvas married to
Elizabeth A. Freyer, of Baltiraore, Maryland. For a period
of two years, ending in 1S42, he superintended the construc
tion of the Louisville, Cincinnati & Charleston Railroad,
until ils corapletion to Colurabia, South Carolina, and tiien
went to Providence, Rhode Island, where his father re
sided. The ensuing auluran and winter he spent in Ihe
workshops of Ihe Stonington Railroad Corajiany, where he
familiarized himself in the iise of tools. The depression in
mercantile and industrial pursuits, caused by the great
financial crash of 1837, was slill severely fell, and thousands
vvere compelled to turn away from their favorite pursuits in
order to find employment. Mr. Chesbrough jiurchased a
firm adjoining that of his father, and cultivated it ; but in
1844 he cheerfully laid aside his agricultural irapleraents lo
resume the level and the transit. This was at a lime when
confidence having been somewdiat restored, Ihere was a
revival of enterprises, and for two years he found remuner
ative service in Massachusetts. Upon the solicitation of the
Water Commissioners of Boston he became Iheir Engineer,
and superintended the location, design, and construction of
the buildings along the Une of the Cochituate Aqueduct.
When tills great public imjirovement was completed he was
elected Water Coraraissioner, and subsequently City En
gineer, by the City Council of Boston, being the first occu
pant of Ihe laller office. In August, 1855, he was appoinled
Chief-Engineer of the Board of Sewerage Commissioners of
Chicago, the appointment being approved by the Common
Council during the administration of Hon. L. D. Boone.
Ujion the conclusion of his duties in Boston he came, in
October, 1855, to Chicago, and at once set about devising a
systeni of sewerage for that eily, and in the following De
ceraber presented a plan vvhich w.as .adopted by Ihe Com
raissioners and finally approved by the City Councils. Upon
Mr. Chesbrough's plan this great public iraproveraent was
commenced in 1856. In December of this year he was
sent by the Board to Europe, wilh a special view of obtain
ing full information relative to the drainage of large cities,
and upon his return he presented a report which is regarded
in Ihis country as an authentic compilation of all the in
formation needed in discussing the frequently recurring
problems of city sewerage. In 1861 he was chosen Chief-
Engineer of the Board of Public Works, and after two years
of service his title vvas changed to City Engineer. Il w£is
while acting in this capacity, and while Ihe problem of an
adequate supply was under discussion, that he devised .and
eventually carried out the systera which is now one of the
marvels of municipal enterprise. When the project of a
tunnel into the lake was first broached by him its feasibility

was doubted by raany; but the confidence of the people in
his judgment and' scientific ability was affirmed by Ihe
Municipal Council when it adojited his scheme and invested
him wilh full jiower to render it practical. Plis reputation
vvas crowned by the coraplete success of this achievement.
His great services to the jiublic and his agreeable social
qualities coraraand for him the lasting respect cf the entire
coraraunity.

kREENEBAUM, PIENRY, Banker and CapitaUst,
was bora June l8th, 1833, in Eppelsheira, near
the city of Worras, not far from the banks of
¦J?=^Vn ''^^ Rhine, he being the son of Jacob and
e)Q^ Sarah Greenebaum. He was educated in the
village school and in the higher institutions of
learning at Alzei and Kaiserslautern, where he acquired
scholariy attainments. He soon emigrated to America, and
in October, 1848, arrived in Chicago, where two of his
brothers had fbr some time resided, and was soon followed
by his father. He was iraraediately associated in busi
ness with his brothers, and early demonstrated his fitness
for Ihe career of a banker. He became influential among
the young men of the city, was prominently connected with
their literary clubs and various beneficial and protective
societies, -and received many testimonials of the high esteem
in which he was held. In January, 1855, with his brother
Elias, he established the banking-house of Greenebaum
Brothers, and now presides over ils business, though the
firm has sinee assumed the name of Henry Greenebaum &
Co. (Henry and David S. Greenebaum and Louis RuU-
raann). It is the oldest European banking institution in
Chicago, and stands high in the confidence of the cora
raercial and financial communities of that city. Its drafts
are honored in all parts of Europe. In October, 1855, he
was married to Erailie Heyraann. In 1856 he was elected
an Alderraan of the Sixth Ward, and becarae an active,
faithful, and enterprising member of the City Councils. He
declined a renomination. In the raeraorable campaign of
i860 he was nominated by the Democratic Convention of
Illinois as one of the Presidential Electors on the Douglas
ticl<et, having for years been a warm personal friend and
admirer of that talented Senator. Upon the breaking out
of the rebellion Mr. Greenebaum became a member of the
Rejiublican parly, aud vvas one of the most active and
liberal citizens of Chicago in all matters projected for Ihe
benefit of the Union army. Pie addressed raany war meet
ings, by his personal influence greatly stimulated enlist
ments, and contributed largely towards raising, equipping,
and sending regiments to the field. He was appoinled by
Governor Oglesby, in 1867, a member of the Slate Board
of Equalization, vvhich had for its object the equalization of
tax assessments. Pie has been successful in all enterprises,
and deserves the reputation he has secured as an able finan
cier and a citizen of irreproachable integrity.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

367

AQUESS, ISAAC N., ex-Member of the Legisla
ture, was born in Harrison county, Kentucky,
February loth, 181 1. His ftilher, Isaac Jaquess,
was a native of Nevv Jersey, who in early Ufe
raoved to Kentucky with his parents, where he
engaged primarily in farraing, and subsequently
worked at the trade of wheelwright. Isaac, Jr., was edu
cated at the coramon schools of Kentucky and Missouri.
At a suitable age he learned Ihe trade of cabinet-maker, and
worked at it for several years. During this time he Uved
in Illinois, having removed to that State frora Missouri,
whieh place he disliked on account of the existence of
slavery' within its limits. In 1832 he entered the service
of the Uniled States, and served actively during the Black
Hawk Indian war. In 1844 he vvas elected Sheriff of
Wabash counly, and was re-elected several limes, serving
in Ihis capacity for a period of ten years. During a portion
of that time he was engaged also in mercantile business.
In 1863 he again entered the service of the United Stales,
officiating as Chaplain of the 73d Regiment of Illinois In
fantry, and served untU the close of the rebellion. His
regiment was known during the vvar as the " Preacher's
Regiraent," by reason of so raany of that profession serving
with it in different capacities. Colonel J. F. Jacquess was
in coraraand, and it was he that visited Jefferson Davis, at
Richmond, for the purpose of ending the vvar. Chaplain
Jaquess was with his regiraent during the Atlanta carapaign,
at Ihe bailie of Nashville, and also in the pursuit of General
Hood until that officer crossed the Tennessee river. At the
close of the contest he returned to his horae and engaged in
the drug business, which he conducted until two years ago,
when he disposed of his interest in this enterjirise. In 1872
he was one of three elected to represent his district in the
Legislature, coraprising Ihe counties of Wabash, Edwards,
Wayne, Clay, and Richland, and served efficiently until the
close of his terra. He is one of the oldest citizens of Mount
Carmel, and through his talents and honorable career has
won the esteem and respect of all with whom he has been
brought into contact. He is a large owner of real estate,
and has been importantly identified with the progress and
development of the city. He was married March 20lh,
1834, to Jane Tilton, of Wabash county, who died in 1863.
lie was again mirried, October 13th, 1867, to Katherine
McClintock, of Mount Carmel, Illinois.

r ARSHALL, HENRY, Cashier of the First Na
tional Bank, Olney, Illinois, was born in West
Chester, Pennsylvania, January 7th, 1828. His
education was acquired at the Chester Counly
Academy, in his native Stale. Upon leaving
school he coraraenced business life as a clerk in a
mercantile establishraent, in which he reraained for two
years. He then engaged. in the drag business -with Roberts

& Atkinson, by whora he was employed for a period of ten
years. Pie subsequently went into business on his ovvn
account by purchasing an interest in the same establishment,
continuing thus occupied during the ensuing four years.
He Ihen sold his interest in the business, and moved lo the
West, settling eventually in Clareraont, Illinois, where he
engaged in raercantile business, which he prosecuted for
about eight years. Pie vvas then eraployed for one year in
Ihe office of the United States Assessor, and afterward be
came First Clerk in the cffice of the Provost Marshal,
acting in this capacity until the close of the war. He was
appointed later bookkeeper of the newly-established Bank
of Olney, where he performed his duties ably and faithfully
in that position until he vvas ajipointed Assistant Cashier.
On the death of the Cashier he vvas selected to fill the
vacant cashiership, and since his appointment has perforraed
the functions of the office with entire satisfaction to all par
ties interested in the management and welfare of the bank.
He vvas married in 1857 to Amanda C. Jessup, of Baltimore
county, Maryland.

'¦-^jE ARDSLEY, JAMES

MARVIN, Lawyer and

Soldier, was born at Ellington, Chautauqua
county. New York, October 30lh, 1834, being
the son of Levi S. and Amanda (Marvin) Beards
ley. His paternal grandfather was a captain in
the revolutionary army. The faraily reraoved to
Crawford county, Pennsylvania, in 1840. Jaraes M. was
educated in the common schools and an academy, receiving
from these institutions a substantial and comprehensive
knowledge. In 1855 he went to Rock Island, lUinois, and
becarae eraployed in the county clerk's office. He com
menced the study of law in Ihe cffice of Beardsley & Sraith,
and in i860 was adraitted to the bar of Illinois. He cora
raenced practice in partnership with Albert T. Higby — the
firra being that of Beardsley & Pligby — and continued in the
fulfilment of his professional duties until Ihe firing on Sum
ter, when, in Ajiril, 1861, he enlisled as Orderiy in the first
company of volunteers raised in Rock Island, being mus
tered into service as First Lieutenant of Company D, 13th
lUinois Infantry. His first action was at Wilson's Creek,
near Springfield, Missouri, vvhere he vvas detaUed to com
raand Ihe escort of General Nathaniel Lyon, vvho was killed
in that battie. After this engagement he was sent with
despatches to St. Louis, and was soon after promoted to a
Captaincy. He was engaged in the siege of Vicksburg, and
in the battie of Arkansas Post and in the actions in that
vicinity. In 1864 he went to the relief of the Army of Ihe
Curaberland, at Chattanooga, and was in the battles of
Dixon's Station, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and
Ringgold Gap. In this last encounter he was severely
wounded. In 1864 he was made Major, to date frora Ihe
battie of Ringgold Gap, and in March of the same year he
was promoted - to. the-.position of Inspector-General '1st

368

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Division, 15th Army Corps, on the staff of General Oster-
hous, and reraained in that capacity until the succeeding
June, when he was raustered out with his regiraent, receiv
ing the coraraission of Colonel. Returning to his horae, he
was in 1865 elected Clerk of Ihe Counly Court of Rock
Island county, and in l86g was re-elected and served until
1873, when he resuraed his practice in partnership with
John T. Kenworthy, the firra-name being Kenworthy &
Beardsley. He was intimately connected with the organi
zalion of Ihe Illinois Soldiers' College, at Fulton, Illinois,
of vvhich he is now a trustee. This institution vvas estab
lished for the education of disabled soldiers and their sons.
He was also one of the promoters of the Soldiers' Orphans'
Home, and introduced a resolution in the Soldiers' Conven
tion, at Springfield, to apply to the Legislature for an appro
priation for this laudable charity, which was voted in
1866. Wilh an impulse that led him to do all in his jiower
for the benefit of his corarades-in-arnis cr their faraiUes, he
gave his bounty money and accumulation of back pay as an
officer for this sarae jiurpose. He was ajipoinled one of the
five Coraraissioners selected to locate the Florae, vvhich was
erected at Normal, McLean county, Illinois. In 1867 he
vvas appoinled one of ils Trustees, <and in l86g vvas elected
President of the Board of Trustees, and reraains in that
office at the present tirae. He was raarried in 1862 to
Lurany Conet, daughter of Joseph Conet, of Rock Island, Illi
nois. He was appointed on the Committee delegated to
erect the Memorial Soldiers' Monument at Rock Island,
and is novv Captain of Ihe Rock Island Light Artillery
Battery. He is an able lawyer, enjoying a large praclice.

i RYAN, SILAS LILLARD, Attorney-at-Law, ex-
Circuit Judge, ex-.Slale Senator, was born in
Culpepper county, Virginia, Noveraber 4th, 1822.
He carae from the agricullural ranks. His
parents, who died when he was very young, were
also natives of Virginia — Baptists in religion.
Democratic in politics. Left an orphan at an early age, he
was compeUed to depend solely upon his ovvn efforts to
secure farae and fortune. Up to the tirae of the decease of
his parents he had received but little education, and vvhile
slill in his boyhood raoved to the West, and since has there
risen deservedly to a prominent and honorable position. In
the intervals of labor he attended school, and upon securing
the sura of raoney needed to defray the expenses attendant
on coUege life, entered the McKendree College, and gradu
ated from Ihis institution in July, l84g. He then engaged
in teaching school, pursuing in the meantime the study of
law, and in 1851 was admitted to the bar. He subsequently
settied in Salera, IlUnois, where, when not occupied in the
perforraance of public functions, he has sinee practised his
profession wilh eminent success, his clientage being exten
sive and lucrative, That success is attribSitable mainly to

his unswerving probity in all matters and upon all points,
and his close and searching application to all subjects
brought to his consideration. He has never been known lo
take a position before either court or jury which he did not
deem- an upright and just one. Such has ever been his
reputation throughout the State, and his known aversion to
the petty trickeries of law is a powerful argument in his
favor when engaged in the conduct of a case. He has
never encouraged litigation, nor advised the comraenceraent
of a suit, and vvhen he has entered a court- room it has al
ways been with a demand for simple justice. His political
relations cover the period from 1852 to 1861, at which time
he was elevated to the bench by eleclion to the Circuit
Judgeship of the Second Judicial District. Pie served six
years in that capacity, and vvas then re-elected, serving an
other terra cf six years, which expired in 1873. He was
the only Judge in this section of Illinois who maintained
his position during Ihe vvar. His election at the opening
of the conflict, and his re-election at its close, is a sufficient
tribute, the peculiarity of circumstances being held under
consideration, to his standing as an honorable and loyal
Judge. His influence during the dark days of the rebellion
was ever exerted in a beneficial manner, and his voice was
heard incessantly iraploring his fellow-citizens to reraember
Iheir constitutional obligations and to labor in behalf of the
true cause. In 1852 he was elected to the State Senate,
and he was re-elected in 1856, serving until i860. .Since
his retireraent from the bench he has resumed the practice
of his profession, and is engaged also in farraing, owning a
beautiful and valuable estate near Salera. He has always
been an energetic and generous supporter of all educational
raeasures, and in raoveraents of this nature has been a
prominent and useful ally. He has been and is now a
raeraber of the Board of Trustees, who have charge of Ihe
higher education, and is tireless in his cordial and liberal
support of the various institutions of learning throughout
the State. lie i.; esteemed also as an ardent friend of Sab
bath-schools, Bible societies, and cf all Ihe interests of
religious cultivation of the present day. In all fields of
labor in which he has been engaged — agricullural, inteUect
ual, Jirofessional, and religious — his actions have been
characterized by energy and notable ability. lie was raar
ried in 1852 to Mary Elizabeth Jennings, of Marion counly,
Illinois.

ALKER, WILLIAM, Attorney-at-Law, vvas born
in Washington county. North Carolina, Deceraber
18th, 1836. His father, Jordan Walker, vvas a
native of North Carolina, and in this State was
raarried lo Martha A. Nicholson in 1828. WU
liam was educated at Windsor, North CaroUna.
On leaving school he commenced the study of lavv with E.
W. Jones, at Plymouth, Nortii Carolina, and there, after a
period of four years pissed in study, was admitted to the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

369

.bar. He then began the practice of his profession in the
same place, and continued at it until 1861, when he enlered
the army as Captain of Company G, of the 3d North Caro
lina Cavalry, wilh which he served for eighteen months,
subsequently resigning his position. He continued to
reside in North Carolina until 1865, when he moved to
Illinois, and established himself in Odin, there resuraing
the practice of his profession, in which he is still engaged,
his practice being large and lucrative. OriginaUy a Whig,
he aftei'ward becarae a Democrat, but has eschewed politics
in order to devote his entire attention to his professional
duties. He vvas married in 1866 to Mary Brinkley, of
Halifax, North Carolina.

¦ HUMAN, ANDREW, Journalist, was bora on
November 8th, 1830, in Manor, near Lancaster
city, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. At the
death of his father, .seven years laler, he was
adopted by an uncle in Manor, who treated him
in all respects like his own son. For seven years,
winter and .suraraer, the lad was kept at the district school,
and during that lirae raade adrairable progress and deter
mined to be a literary man. At fourteen years of age he
became an apothecary's clerk, but only for a few months.
Al the end of his short clerkship he enlered the office of the
Lancaster Union and Sentinel as an apjirenlice, working
thus until 1846, when he went to Auburn, New York, wilh
his employer, wdio look the ownership and editorship of the
Daily Advertiser there, at that time the home organ of
Hon. William H. Seward. At the age of eighteen, while
slill working in the office of Ihe Advertiser, Andrew under
took the conduct of a sraall weekly paper which he called
the Auburnian, all the work on which he did hiraself.
The new paper was not a success, and died in its first year.
At nineteen he became Ihe partner of Thurlow W. Brown
in the publication of Ihe Cayuga Chief, at Auburn. He
soon withdrew from this, however, delermined to h.ave a
more complete education, and in 1850 entered upon a
course of preparation for college at the institute at Clinton,
New York. In 1851 he entered Hamilton College there,
earning the necessary raoney by working in printing offices
during vacations. While in his junior year at college he
was urged by Ihe political friends of Governor Seward to
take the editorial management of Ihe Syracuse Daily
Journal, and after some consideration accepted the flatter
ing offer. He edited the Journal vvith zeal and ability for
three years and a half when, in 1856, he became Assistant
Editor of the Chicago E-vening Journal. In 1861, when
.Charles L. Wilson, editor and proprietor of the Journal,
went to London as Secretary of Legation, Andrew Shuraan
becarae Managing Editor of Ihe paper, a position which he
filled with the utmost ability. Besides the great araount
of work deraanded by his position he has contributed to
47

the periodical press, has written several successful dramas
and has delivered several lectures .and addresses. In 1858
he raarried Lucy B. Dunlap, of Ovid, New York.

ARKINSON, ROBERT, Merchant, was born in
Westmoreland counly, England, on Oclober gth,
1816. His parents emigrated to Ihis country in
August, 1824, and settled in Luzerne county,
Pennsylvania, where they lived until 1837; then
they moved lo Illinois, and died there a few
years afterwards. Robert attended school in England, and
corapleted his studies in this countiy. On leaving school
he was engaged in farming, and afterwards learned the
trade of a tanner. In 1836 he raoved to Illinois, preceding
his parents by one year, intending to carry on the business
of tanning. This idea he abandoned, and, instead, en
gaged in merchandising at Mount Carmel, Illinois, where
he is still located in the same business, which he com
menced at Ihat time. He has been successful to a great
degree, and in all the lime so occupied has never in any
manner tainted his honor as a merchant or citizen. Origin
ally a Deraocrat, he aftervvards becarae a Whig, and since
the forraation of the RepubUcan jiarty has been an adherent
of that organizalion. He was appointed, in 1838, Post
master at Friendsville, Wabash counly, by Presideni Van
Buren. Mr. Parkinson has been an active, energetic citizen
of Mount Carmel, and has been identified to a considerable
extent with ils prosperity. He has served in town offices
where he thought he could be of benefit to his fellow-
citizens, but has always refused to be a candidate for any
strictly political office. He was married in 1842 to Frances
J. Russell, of Mount Carrael.

OES, JAMES PL, Jeweler, was born at Kinder
hook, Colurabia counly, Nevv York, June 30th,
1821, his father, an old Revolulioniiry patriot,
being a farmer on the banks of the Hudson, in
comfortable circumstances. Pie received the ad
vantages of a common school education, and at
the age of fourteen becarae self supporting by hiring out lo
a farmer in the neighborhood. In 1837 he accompanied
the family to Bradford county, Pennsylvania, his father
having sold his Kinderhook farm to Martin Van Buren,
who had married one of his cousins, and here for a time he
was occupied by the arduous Labor incident to the life of an
agriculluralisl. He at length decided to seek an occupation
less taxing to his physical strength, and set off on foot for
Towanda, and was eraployed by a Mr. Langford, the pro
prietor of a watch raanufactory. He soon raastered the
details of this industry, which required the nicest skill and
delicacy, and within a. vear of his appearance at the. estab-

370

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

lishraent was offered an interest in it, which, however, he
declined until hc had becorae thoroughly corapetent to take
charge of Ihe work. In Ihe summer of 1S40 Mr. Langford
sold out and removed lo New York, where he purposed
establishing himself in the same line of business, vvith Mr.
Hoes as partner; bul a long and seri-.tis illness, which
prostrated the laller, jireveiiled' Ihe consuraraation of this
arrangeraenl. Mr. Hoes, upon his recovery; resuraed his
trade at Owego, Tioga counly, New York, vvith a raan
named Wilson, and was soon selected as superintendent.
He reniained here two years, and then moved to Bingham
ton, in Ihe sarae Slate, where he coraraenced business on
his own account. Shortly after, Mr. Wilson offered his
slock and good-will for sale, and, becoraing the purchaser,
. Mr. Hoes found himself at Ihe head of one of the finest
establishments in tiial section of the Slate. Plere he was
married, and after quite a protracted residence in Owego he
removed wilh his faraily to Dansville, Living.ston county.
New York, where he successfully pursued his caUing for
eight years, pie then went west, and seltied temporarily
at Milwaukee, where, by his practical knowledge and keen
business ability, he aided materially in establishing one of
the largest jewelry houses in that city. He soon, however,
changed his residence lo Chicago, where he purchased the
Slock of Hoard & Avery, No. 117 Lake street, and up to
the breaking out of the civil war had raaintained a flourish
ing trade alone, except during a period of four years, vvhen
he was connected with Hon. Samuel lioard, who subse
quently became Poslraaster of Chicago. In i86o-'6i in
dustry and trade everywhere in tiie North vvere greatly
stimulated, and the jewelry house of Mr. Hoes received
the resulting benefit. His business so rapidly and profit
ably increased that he found it essential lo have a co
partner to aid in ils supervision, and admitted to an interest
Mr. Malson, his associate in Milwaukee. This partnership
continued until January, 1867, vvhen he sold out his interest
to Mr. Malson, and intended to retire after a career of over
thirty years in Ihe manufacturing and sale of jewelry. The
habits of industry and activity contracted in this time, how
ever, defeated this intention, and .soon after he itceepted the
raanagement and superintendence of the establishment of
the Northwestern Silverware Company. The comfortable
fortune which he araassed is the result of his unflagging
industry, sustained against the impediment of a weak con
stitution, and of his business integrity, which secured for
hira a Jialronage which few other men in the sarae line of
trade enjoyed. He conlribuled liberally to the first Sani-
t iry Fair held in Chicago, and offered a gold watch lo the
person making the most valuable don.ation to il. Presideni
Lincoln presented the original draft of the Emancipation
Proclamation, which realized ^(3000, and this document
was decided as the most valuable gift. Mr. Ploes for
warded lo the President an elegant lirae-keeper, Ihrough
Hon. I. N. Arnold, Congressraan from Chicago, and de
ceived a characterislic letter from him, expressing his

thanks. He was one of Ihe incorporalors and organizers
of Sl. Luke's Free Hospital, aird became the Treasurer of
ihat charitable inslilulion. Pie was a member of the
Diocesan Conventions of New York and Wisconsin, Warden
of Sl. James Church, Miiwaukee, Vestryman of Sl. James
Church, Chicago, and a member of the Protestant Episco
pal Missionary Bjard for Illinois. Plis life has been one
of public usefulness and has had the esteera of all the cora
raunities in which he has raingled, either in business or
social aff.jrs.

ONSINGER, EMANUEL, Dentist, was born at
Henrysburg, Canada East, on the I2lh of Sep
tember, 1823, and while a child was brought by
his parents to Chamjilain, Clinton counly. New
York. He worked on the farm wdlh his falher
until he was seventeen years old, when he left
home to make his own way. He " worked out " mornings
and evenings, and so supported himself through several
years of schooling, and then went lo teaching alternately
with his studying. At length he decided to become a
dentist, and went as a student into Ihe office of Dr. H. J.
Paine, of Troy, New York. He had early developed a
remarkable mechanical talent. When fourteen years old
he made a jiair of boots for himself, and subsequently
manufactured a drum, a flute, a dulcimer and a violin, for
music was one of the self latighl accomplishments of this
restless youlh. Subsequently he manufactured an excellent
sleigh, and all these without any instruction whatever. It
is not surprising, therefore, that in his studentship he con
structed a reacting drill, v/hich proved a very valuable
iraplemeni in his profession. He made rapid progress and
was soon an expert dentist. In Ihe autumn of 1847 he
opened an office in Troy, and in a few years had acquired
a good practice. Here he invented two valuable imple
ments, both of which gained an acknowdedged and perma
nent value among dental instruments; they vvere the
Rotating Gum Lance and Honsinger's Combined Blowpipe
and Lathe. In April, 1853, he removed to Chicago and
located hiraself on Lake street, where he remained for
thirteen years. He worked hard, he worked well and he
prospered exceedingly. Not only did he achieve a lucra
tive practice, but his skill and talents won for him high
professional recognition. In 1863 Ihe Cincinnati Denial
College conferred upon him the degree of Doclor of Dental
Surgery, and he was Fir.st Vice-President of the Illinois
Stale Dental Society. He has added to the resources of
his profession by raany valuable and ingenious inventions,
some of which have corae inlo use among dentists every
where. Prominent amongst Ihese is his Rotating Spittoon-
washer, which needs no care, but is self operating and
always clean and sightly, in beautiful contrast wilh Ihe
ordinary ones used for dental purposes, whieh need un
ceasing care, or they becorae. di.sgusting iu the extreme;

^^2),

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

37'

«>=?

also an Adjustable File-carrier for the Lathe, so ingeniously
constructed that by a set-screw any desired length of stroke
can be obtained, thus effecting a great reduction in labor on
artificial work. lie is always on the alert for new ideas,
and is as ready to recognize those of others as to have his
ovvn adopted; but he is never content wilh " old fogyism."
There raust be no standing still where progress is possible.
In his work he is thoroughly conscientious, always doin'^
the best he can, whether his patient be of the lowest or of
the highest class. For tho rest hc is a rigidly honest and a
thoroughly unpretentious raan, enjoying life keenly, bul
never keeping up ajipearances beyond his income. lie i;;
of a genial temperamenl, loving his home, his friends, hir;
dogs and horses; enjoying out-door sports, mixinp' in
polilics sufficiently to enable him to vote intelligently, and
altogether making the most of ll.''e in a sensible way.

^3 ^OODBRAKE, CliRISTOPHER, Physician, was
born in V/urtemborg, Germany, June 14lh, lCl6,
being the son of John and Maria Barbone
. ^Q (Dressel) Goodbrake, who carae to the United
^ ?f6 Slates when he was five years of age and located
in Colurabiana county, Ohio. Here he received
his education, showing unusual aptitude for study, and in
1C37 repaired to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, v/herc he en
tered the oflice of Dr. J. Y'l. Whitaker, with whom ho
reiriained until 1040. He coraraenced practice at once
upon parting with Dr. V/liitakcr, and located at Ports
mouth, on the Oliio river, where he engaged in jirofessional
duties until the fall of I043, when he returned to Pitts
burgh and resuraed jiraclice, which he continued until the
spring of 1847. He then reraoved to Clinton, Illinois,
wliere he has since resided. Hi; care and skill have been
substantially rewarded, and he is novv one of the leading
practitioners in Ihat section. During the winter of I054— '55
he attended a course of lectures at the Rush Medical Col
lege of Chicago, and received from that institution the
degree of M. D. In loJi he entered Ihe Union service as
Surgeon of the 20th Illinois Infantry, and continued in
this capaeily until 1862, when hc vvas detailed as Surgeon-
in-Chief of the 3d Division, 171I1 Array Corps. This
responsible position he retained until Lis retireraent in
1864. He returned to his practice in Clinton npon the
conclusion of the war, and has to-day a very large and
valuable patronage. He is a meraber of the American
Medical Association and of the Illinois Stale l^Iedical
Society, serving as President of the Latter body in 1857.
He is now President of tho Alumni Associ.ation of Pvtish
Medical College, and Secretary of the De Will County
Medical Society, of which for some time he was presiding
officer. Pie has contributed largely to Ihe Uterature of the
profession through the medical journals. In 1861 he re
ported a case in the Chicago Medical Journal which

deserves individual mention here, having been extensively
commented on by the press of the profession both in tiiis
country and in Europe, i. e., " Extra Uterine Feelation,
with Operation of Gastronomy." He has found time, in
the pressure of professional duties, to take an active interest
in the promotion of education in his town, having been for
several years a meraber cf the local Board of Education,
acting at present as ils Presideni. To show his interest in
and inliraale connection with the jilace wdiere he has rc-
;:ided for over twenty-eight years, it is only necessary lo
slate that hc was Ihe first President of the Board of
Trustees cf the town, and after it becarae incorporated as
a city served one year as Mayor. He was married in 1S47
to Charlotte Gleason, cf tlassachusetts, who died in March,

5 (S^'^^-^^TII, BASIL B., Attorney-at-Law, was bora in
RuEselville, Brown county, Ohio, June 27tii,
lo2g. plis father, also a native of Ohio, grew
to manhood i:i this Stale, and there engaged in
merchandising, the greater portion of his life
being devctcd to that pursuit, pie was educated
at the common schools located in the vicinity of his home.
Upon abandoning school life hc became a clerk in a mer
cantile establishment, where he vvas engaged for a period
of five 3'cars. He subsequently established himself in
business on his ovvn account, and after conducting its
affairs during the ensuing four years disposed of his
interest in the concern and applied himself to the study
of law. Pie commenced his legal studies under the in
structions of General Isham N. licynie, of Salem, Illinois,
afterward the Adjutant-General of the Slate. He was ad
mitted to the bar i.i 1856, and has since then practised his
profession in Salem and the adjoining counties. He was
at one time a member of the firm of Plarvey, Parish &
Sraith. Iiis great success as a lawyer is attribulab'e
mainly to his correct business principles, close application
and powers cf logical reasoning. Pie was raarried, Fe'--
ruary Cth, 1S57, to Elizabeth playnic, of Salera, and has six
children, four sons and two daughlers.

^^^.

HIeID, JOHN, Capitalist and Vice-President of the
Protection Li.'o Insurance Ccm.pany, of Chicago,
was bor:i in the parish of Grange, Banffshire,
Scotland, on the 24th of Septernb.er, 1S24. He
was educated at the parish school of his native
place, one cf those serainaries which John Knox's
systera instituted in every parish of the countr)' and which
have done so much towards placing the Scottish people
foremost araongst European nations in the scale of educa
tion. Plis father emigrated wilh his family to this country
in i83g, and the subject of this sketch finally settled in

372

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDL-M

WiU counly, Illinois, vvhere he married, and as a farraer
and dealer in horses and cattle he was most successful. In
1864 he was elected Sheriff of the county, in which capacity
he officiated for several successive terras, and also for six
years as a Coraraissioner of Illinois Stale Penitentiary. He
is a prominent and greatly respected citizen of JoUet, and is
engaged in farming, mining and stone quarrying operations,
besides devoting a portion of each day's time lo the duties
of his position as Vice-President and Treasurer of the
Protection Life Insurance Company, at the company's
offices in Chicago.

liOTSFORD, J. K., Hardware Merchant, was born
in Newtown, Fairfield county, Connecticut, June
I2th, 1812, and eraigrated to Chicago in 1833,
visiting on his way ihilher Florence, Ohio',' and
Detroit, Michigan, nieeting in the latler place
Otis Hubbard, formerly a merchant of Rochester,
wilh whom he soon fornied an intiraate acquaintance.
They started in company for Chicago, performing the jour
ney frora Detroit in a one-horse wagon. Upon his arrival
Mr. Botsford entered upon an energetic and successful
business career, and within ii short time erecled a store,
which was the first built on Lake street. It was localed at
the northeast corner ofthe intersection of that thoroughfare
with Dearborn street, and in it he coraraenced the tin and
stove business. In 1835 he married the daughter of John
Kimball, of NaperviUe, and in the following year admitted
to a partnership interest in his establishraent Cyrenius
Beers, the firm-name being Botsford & Beers. This con
tinued until 1846, when the entire control fell again into
the hands of Mr. Botsford, who conducted ihe business on
his own account until 1852, when Mark Kimball became
his partner, and the house branched out inlo the wholesale
hardware business, under the firm-narae of J. K. Botsford
& Co. The firra so reraained until i860, when Mr. Bols-
ford's oldest son vvas adrailted, and the business titie vvas
changed to Botsford, Kimball & Co. In 1865 Mr. Kimball
retired, and the firm was then coraposed of J. K., John R.
and Bennet B. Botsford, under the narae of J. K. Botsford
& Sons, and has been profitably conducted ever since.
The sraall capital vvhich Mr. Botsford brought to Chicago
proved the nucleus of what is now a handsome fortune,
araassed by the exertion of keen business talent, enterprise
and unswerving probity. He was elecled an Alderraan of
the city in i85g, and faithfully fulfilled all the duties de
volving upon hira in that capacity. In 1861 he was re
elected. During the adrainistration of Mayor Dyer he
was appoinled a raeraber of the Board of Guardians of the
Reforra School, and did rauch to further the interests of
that institution. lie is a meraber of the Methodist Church,
and has for many years acted as trustee of the old Clark
Street Church, being a prominent and active meraber of ils
congregation, lie was one of the original projectors of Ihe

Northwestern Universily, at Evanston, and after it's organi
zation became one of its trustees and 0, meraber of the
Execulive Coraraittee of the Board. Since his entrance to
Chicago he has not been out of business- a single day.
The lot on Lake street on which his store now stands was ori
ginally purchased for ^2000, and is now valued at over $1000
a foot ; and another large property on Wabash avenue, pur
chased at a governraent sale, in i83g, at ^10 per foot, is
now held at Jiooo per foot. When he first reached the
city it was in ils primitive existence, and gave little proraise
then of ils coming greatness. Il was a favorite resort at
that tirae for the Indians, and in 1833 Mr. Botsford was a
witness lo the consuraraation of a nuraber of iraportant
treaties between the government and the various tribes,
vvhich took place on the bank of the river at the foot of
Dearborn street. He is a man of sound judgment and of
practical culture, and is one of the oldest, m.ost successful
and highest esteemed residents of -the city.

ANNING, JULIUS, ex-Judge and Lawyer, was
born in Canada, and educaled at the Middlebury
College, Verraont, vvhere he studied law. He
carae lo Illinois in 1837, and seltied at Knox
ville, vvhere he resided for twelve years. At the
expiration of this tirae he reraoved to Peoria, in
Ihe sarae State. While a resident of Knox county he was
elected to Ihe Legislature, and also served several terms as
Counly Judge. He vvas a lawyer of eminent ability, and a
citizen who vvas adraired and beloved by the entire cora
raunity. He died, July 4th, 1862.

LLEN, WILLIAM B., Blacksmith and Merchant,
was born in Cortland counly, New York, on
November igth, 1821. His education was that
afforded by the common schools of Ihose days.
At the age of sixteen years he left school and
entered the blacksmith shop of his falher, to learn
the trade. lie remained there until l84g, when he re
raoved to Aurora, Illinois, at that tirae a thriving village on
the P'ox river, and soon after opened a drug store, wilh Mr.
G. F. Buck as partner ; in this business he reraained two
years. lie then sold out his interest and went into partner
ship with his brother, E. R. Allen, in the grain, coal and
lumber business, in which he remained until 1867. In
1856 he was married to Rachel B., daughter of Cajitain C.
S. Roe. In the same year he was elected Supervisor ofthe
town, and in 1858 was chosen Mayor, being ihe second
Mayor of Aurora. In 1867 he was ajipoinled Collector of
Internal Revenue for the Second District of Illinois, and
has filled that position ever sinee. He is a man who has
always interested hiraselfin matters of public moment, and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA,

being an able politician has been sought after— in all affairs
of im.oortance and where the happiness and prosperity of
the coraraunity were at slake— as a raan Ihe people could
rely upon to carry out their wishes to the fullest extent.
But office has alvvays sought hira ; never he it, his prefer
ence being for a quiet life. He has been a delegate several
times to State and counly conventions, and has in every
instance proved himself an able and competent executor of
all the trusts and responsibilities confided in him. Frora
l8s3 to 1871 he was the Town Treasurer of the public
schools. Mr. Allen is the oldest Revenue CoUector in
Illinois.

llO'AfYER, ELI, M. D., ex-Brevet Bri:adier-Gen-
eral, was born in Warren county, Ohio, March
20th, 1818. His falher, John Bowyer, vvas a
native of Virginia, who started for the West in
l8c3 and settied in Ohio, where he continued to
reside until the day of his death. Eli was edu
cated at the Harveysburg Acaderay in his native place.
On leaving school he coramenced life as a teacher, and con
tinued in this avocation for two years. He then began Ihe
study of medicine wilh Dr. J. G. Paulding, in Warren
county, and continued his medical sludies for a further
period of eighteen raonlhs, under the inslruclion of Pro
fessor Jesse P. Judkins, of Cincinnati. He attended lectures
primarily at Ihe Wil'oughby University, and finally at the
Ohio Medical College in Cincinnati, where he was gradu
ated in 1844. He then commenced the practice ofhis pro
fession in Mason, Ohio, where he resided during the foUow
ing two years. At the expiralion of that time he removed
to Prairietown, Indiana, and was professionally engaged
in this city for seven years. From Prairietown he removed
to Sullivan, in the same State, being prompted to this step
by enfeeblement of heallh, and reniained there for a further
period of seven years, when he was again compelled to
change his quarters on account of failing heallh. Pie
seltied finally in Illinois, establishing himself in Olney, and
temporarily, for several months, relinquished the practice
of medicine. In 1861 he entered the United States ami)',
as Assistan'. Surgeon of the nth Missouri Regiment, vvhich
was composed principaUy of Illinois volunteers, and it was
at their request that the office was tendered to him. In
1862 he was raade Division Surgeon, under General Plura-
mer, by order of General Pope. Subsequently occurred an
incident which changed his status, and which, whUe sin
gular and peculiar, was also a corapliraent in the highest
sense ofthe term. -The Surgeon of Ihe regiment died, but
the Adjutant-General of the State appointed a personal friend
to Ihe vacant office that of right belonged to hira. A
nieeting of the officers of the regiment vvas held, and a warm
protest entered against the proceeding. This step, hovvever,
was of no avail, since Ihe measures taken vvere not permitted
tb come to the knowledge of the Governor. It then becarae

373
his duly lo resign, a step which he had quickly decided
upon, and the office of Surgeon in another regiraent was
offered to him. His associations having been of so friendly
a nature, it was with much openly expressed regret that his
resignation was considered. To overcome his intention the
rank of Major was tendered hira by the Colonel, while
every other officer, wilh the exception of one who was a
personal eneray, united in jiersuading hira lo relinquish his
design. He acceded finally to the raany pressing requests,
and so abandoned one branch of the service for another.
He becarae accordingly Major, then Lieulenant-Colonel,
and finally Colonel of the regiraent. In March, 1865, he
rose slill higher, and vvas brevetted by Presideni Johnson,
for raeritorious .and gallant services, Brigadier-General. He
participated in all Ihe principal engageraents in which the
army of the Southwest was engaged. Araong thera were
the siege of Vicksburg and of Jackson, Ihe battles of New
Madrid, Island No. 10, Corinth, luka, and NashviUe,
vvhere he was wounded at Fredericktown. In these actions
his regiment met wilh severe losses, while he was almost
constantiy exposed in raost perilous situations. He reraained
in the army until January, 1866, at which date he vvas
mustered out of the service at St. Louis. He Ihen relurned
lo Olney, Illinois, where he has sinee resided, eng.aged i;i
Ihe praclice of his profession. In 1S67 he was nominated
and elected to the Legislature frora the counties of Clay '
and Richland, and served one term. In 1S70 he was
appoinled one of the Trustees of the Soulhern Normal
University, and officiiited as President of . the Board. Ho
was married in October, 1847, to Martha A. Cox, cf
Warren county.

RY, FRANCIS, M. D., Physician and Surgeon, w.as
born in France, in the Deparlmenl of Jura, on
June Illh, 1820. His falher was Amy Bry, a
jeweller and watchmaker. He first attended the
vilLage school, next went to an academy at
Geneva, and afterward to an academy in Pari'i,
where he began the sludy tf raedicine. In 1841 he left to
see his half brother and benefactor, lying sick at Monroe
City, Louisiana. After remaining with hira one year he
went to New Orleans. In 1843 he moved to St. Louis, and
jiursued his raedical sludies in the medical dejiailment of
the Sl. Louis University, graduating in 1848. In 1847 he
was raarried to Anna Brown, of St. Louis. During Ihe
following year he, with his father-in-law, raoved to La SaUe,
Illinois, supposing from its location on the Illinois river,
and on Ihe canal, that it would become the greatest town on
the river. Pie here began the praclice of medicine and
surgeiy, which he has continued ihrough an unbroken
period of twenty-seven years ; and is slill in full practice,
having acquired a high reputation for skill and experience.
He was School Director of La SaUe for twelve years, has
served as Health Officer of the eity, and has twdce been

374

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

elecled Coroner of La Salle county. During hours that he
has been able lo spare from his extensive professional prac
tice he has taught classes in French, and has given lectures
on anatomy, botany, and physiology. He has also al
various times published pamjihlels on the horaoeopathic
school of a controversial character.

iJaNDEVEER, HORATIO M., Lawyer, and Judge
of the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit, was born in
Washington county, Indiana, March isl, 1816.
His parents, Aaron Vandeveer, and Nancy
(French) Vandeveer, vvere natives of Virginia,
who, after residing for a time in Kentucky, re
raoved subsequently to .Indiana, raaking that State thei-r
home. His boyhood was passed on a farra, where he vv.as
employed until iS2g, when he moved to Sangaraon county,
Illinois, resuming there his occupation as a farmer until he
had attained his majority. He then entered the law office
of John T. Stuart, ii prominent lawyer of Sjiringfield, and
in l83g vvas admitted to Ihe bar in ihat city. It was at this
time, i83g, that the county of Christian was fornied, and
Taylorville chosen as the counly-seat. He vvas induced to
take up his residence in that locality, then but a wilderness,
and there built the first house erected in the jilace. He
was subsequently elected Recorder of Deeds for the new
county, and also practised law when his services vvere re
quired. On the, organization of the Circuit Court, in the
spring of 1840, he was appointed its Clerk, performing the
duties of Ihe two offices until December, 1842, when he
took his seat in Ihe Legislature, having been elected in
August by Ihe Democratic jiarty, lo represent Christian
county. Among his associates in the Legislature were
Judge Logan and Colonel E. D. Baker in the .Senate ; with
O Ii. Browning, J. N. Arnold, and Julius Manning in the
House. At the expiralion of his term in the Legislature
he was reappointed Clerk of the Circuit Court by Judge
Treat, and held this jiosition iintil 1848. In 1846, how
ever, he raised a company of volunleers for the Mexican
war, but, on account of the fact that more troops were
offered than were required, his raen vvere not called into
service. lie received frora President Polk, however, an
appointraent as Assistant Quartermaster, wdlh Ihe rank of
Cajitain. He then went iramediately inlo active service
with Colonel Bissell's regiraent, wdth which he was con
nected until the establishment of a supply jiost on the Rio
Grande, when he was ajipoinled Quartermaster of that jiost,
and served Ihere until Januaiy, 1847. The quarters were
then moved to Saltillo, Mexico, where he afterward partici
pated in the engagement at Buena Vista. In l84g he was
mustered out of the service, and shortiy after relurned lo
.TaylorsviUe. In the course of the .same year he was
elecled the Counly Judge, and in 1853 re-elected to Ihe
same position. In i860 he was again elecled to the Legis

lature, and in 1862 was a member of the Constitutional
Convention. In 1863 he vvas elected lo the Senate of Ihe
Stale, serving four years with that body, and during that
lime served as Chairman on Ihe Coraraittee on Federal
Relations. November 20lh, 1870, he was elected Judge of
Ihe Eighteenth Judicial Circuit, to complete Ihe unexpired
term of Judge E. T. Rice, who had been elected to Con
gress. In June, 1873, he was re-elected to the same office,
vvhich he now holds. An able and irapartial Judge, he is
esteeraed and resjiecled bolh by tbe raerabers of the bar and
by Ihe people at large, whose confidence he has secured
through his honorable conduct at all tinies and under all
circurastances. Pie is engaged extensively also in farming,
and controls various iraportant interests in agricultural
operations. He was married in 1841 to Mary Jane Rucker,
of Kenlucky.

ARSHALL, BENJAMIN F., Cashier ofthe Salem
National Bank, Salera, Illinois, was bora in Lin
coln county, Tennessee, July gth, 1S28. His
falher, a native of South Carolina, was for raany
years engaged in raerchandising, and subsequently
practised medicine, a profession to whieh he has
sinee devoted hiraself. His mother is a native of Tennessee.
His education was obtained in the coraraon schools of
Salera, Illinois. On leaving school he was eraployed as
clerk by his father, and continued to act in that capacity
during the ensuing two years. He then entered the service
of the United Stales as Second Lieutenant, and remained
in the army, serving in the Mexican war, for a period of
eighteen months. In 1848 he abandoned the field and re
turned to bis heme. He afterward established hira.self in
business on his own account, and fur three years conducted
a general merchandising store. He was then elecled Clerk
of Ihe Circuit Court, and served four years. During the
."ollowing year he vvas employed in operating in real estate,
and in the eour.se of the next year was elected Judge of the
Counly Court of Ma'son counly, an office whose duties he
jierforraed for four years. Upon his entry into the Clerk's
office he coraraenced Ihe study of lavv, and in 1858 vvas ad
mitted to the bar. On his retirement from the position of
Judge he coraraenced Ihe practice of law, and was pro-
fessioni I y occujiied until 1862 as a raeraber of the law firm
of Martin & Marshall. In August, 1862, he entered the
1 1 Ith Regiment of IlUnois Infantry as Regiment Quarlcr-
iTuasler, and served until 1S64, at which d.it'e he was dis
charged on account of ill-he.alth. Ujion his return home
he resuraed ihe practice of lavv, estabUshing hiraself at
Cairo, vvhere he became .-issocinled in jiarlnership with ¦
General Ilaynie, a connection \\'hich vvas not dissolved until
1867. lie then returned lo Salem, and was instrumental
in the organization of the .Salem National Bank, an insti
tution of which he was raade Cashier, and is a prominent
stockholder. He is still the leading spiritof this, one (f

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

375

the most favorably known establishments in Ibis section of
the State, and is widely recognized as a man of sound
financial abilities and sterling integrity. He was raarried
in 1850 to Harriet R. Jennings, of Walnut Hill, Marion
county, Illinois.

JlDGWAY, EDMOND W., M. D., was born in
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on Septeraber 2gth,
1812. His falher, Richard Ridgway, was a
native of New Jersey, and vvhen a boy raoved to
Philadelphia wilh his parenls; he lived there
until he grew to manhood. He afterwards
moved lo Bradford counly in that State, where he raarried.
Subsequently he look uji his residence in Harrisburg ; laler
he emigrated to Ohio, and from Ihere to Illinois, where he
died. Edmond attended the coraraon schools at Mansfield,
Ohio. While slill a boy he was bound out lo a saddler, and
learned that trade. His tirae having expired, he commenced
the sludy of medicine wilh Dr. Abraham Blymier, vvith
whora he completed his course. He then attended lectures
at Willoughby, Ohio, in the year 1844, after vvhich he emi
grated to Illinois and began the practice of niedicine. In
1872 he received the honorary degree at the LouisviUe
Medical College. On settling in Illinois he located in
Olney, and since that time has been actively engaged in the
practice of his profession, which is a large and lucrative one.
Dr. Ridgway stands very high in his profession, and his
ability is widely acknowledged by his fellow-practitioners.
He was married in 1835 to Mary Carrothers, of Mansfield,
Ohio.

'HANNON, THOMAS JENKENS, Lawyer,
Banker, and Judge of the Wabash County Court,
vvas born in Northumberland, Pennsylvania, De
cember 2gth, 1821. His falher, Ephraira Patter
son Shannon, a native of the Slate of New York,
moved to Pennsylvania about 1800, and engaged
in mercantile business, at which he continued until his
deraise in 1851. His raother was a native of Ihe Slate of
Pennsylvania. He was educated in the acaderay at Louis
burg, Pennsylvania, and upon leaving school engaged in
teaching, at the same time reading law with Mr. Bellows,
of Sunbuiy. On the completion of his professional studies
he was admitted to the bar in 1844. He subsequently
abandoned the legal profession, however, and engaged in
mercantUe puisuits in Northumberland, Pennsylvania. In
1846 he reraoved to Ml. Carrael, Illinois, and there estab
lished himself in a business which he sustained until l86g,
meeting with much success. He then retired from active
commercial life; and for a few years was not occupied in
any pursuit. In the fall of 1871, in parlnership wilh E. F.
Beall, he commenced the banking business, in which he is
now engaged. He has been identified with the growth and

development of Mt. Carmel, and h.as filled various munici
pal offices. For several terms he was a member of the
Town Council, and in the fall of 1873 '"'^.s elecled Judge of
the Counly Court, lie was married in 1845 to Laura Beall,
whose decease occurred in the sarae year. He was again
married in 1857 lo Mary B. Hughes, of Louisville, Ken
tucky, vvho died in the spring of 1870. Pie was married a
third lime, October gth, 1872, to Edononia Berry, of Henry
county, Kenlucky.

ERFOOT, SAMUEL Ii., Real Estate Dealer, was
born of Irish parentage, in Lancaster, Pennsyl
vania, Deceraber i8lh, 1823, and was educated
at St. Paul's College, near the city of New York.
Upon leaving this institution he was engaged
under his brother. Bishop Kerfoot, of the Protes
tant Episcopal diocese of Pittsburgh, in founding and build
ing Sl. Jaraes' College, of Maryland. His natural talent,
developed by a careful coUegiate training, gave him rare
capacity for active and systeraatic business. He early
moved to Chicago, and for two or Ihree years was variously
eraployed. lie then turned his attention to the development
of real estate, and entered under Ihe most flattering auspices
a calling vvhich has given him not only a fine repulalion, but
has secured to his use and benefit a large fortune. He fore
saw Ihe urgent necessity, in selling out in Ihis business voca
tion, of a systematic arrangeraenl of records which must be
invaluable within a very short time, and planned an arrange
ment, since faithfully carried out in every detail, which has
proved of the highest importance to him and his patrons.
He projected and compiled an elaborate atlas of Chicago in
two large voluraes, jierfeet in ils topograjihy of Ihe city, and
the arrangeraenl of Ihe area into subdivisions, wilh a perfect
outline of the highways. For raany years he managed the
large landed interests of the eslate of D. Lee, of New York,
and by his inteUigent co-operation with the counsel employed
by that estate brought to a successful issue the well-known
action of Chickering et al. vs. Faile, executor, etc. For
many years he has had charge of Ridgeley's addition lo
Chicago, and was chiefly instrumental in vindicating the
genuineness of its title when attacked in court. He profit
ably conducted the management of the valuable property of
Messrs. Macalester & Gilpin, and from this estate procured
the donation to Chicago of Vernon Park, on the west side.
He has becorae thoroughly conversant with the lavv concern
ing real estate transactions of whatsoever nature, and there
is no man perhaps in that eily vvho has a better knowledge
of lilies than he. Upon Ihe organizalion of the Board of
Real Estate Brokers in 1853, he was chosen as Secretary
and Manager. The crisis of 1857 paralyzed the real estate
branch as it did other branches of trade, and there were few
operators who raaintained their ground. Mr. Kerfoot was.
araong the successful ones. The board was for a tirae rauch
disorganized, but with the revival of business it became an

376

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

active and important associalion, and he was chosen as its
President, a position vvhich for many years he has occupied
wilh distinction. He has one of the finest residences in the
suburbs of the city, whose splendid grounds and horticul
tural adornment are in exemplification of his taste for land
scape gardening. He is an enterprising citizen and has
been engaged in raany private and public iraproveraenls for
the benefit of the city. Sorae years ago he obtained frora
the Illinois Legislature a lavv for the location of a park in
the town of Lakeview, and he was appointed one of the
Comraissioners to carry out this project. Pie is a gentleraan
-of lilerary culture, and has contributed raany articles to the
press embodying important statements and opinions relative
to the material growth of his adopted city. His paraphlet
entitled " Chicago, the Commercial and Financial Centre of
the Northwest," vvas extensively published and warmly in
dorsed. He is a prominent raeraber of the Protestant Epis
copal church, and was chiefly instruraental in procuring the
call of Rev. Mr. Clarkson, now Bishop of Nebraska, to St.
James' Church, of Chicago. His farailiarity with diocesan
matters is displayed in his able paraphlet on 'i Bishop While-
house and the Diocese of Illinois." He takes an active in
terest in educational raovements, and is himself a rijie
scholar. His library and art treasures are araong the finest
in Ihe Norlhwest, and his home is the resort of the leading
amateur rausicians of the city. Generous by nature, zealous
in all good works, unbleraished in integrity, he finds hira
self prorainent in a large social circle, and in the possession
of the esteem of the entire coraraunity.

- j-f^AGY, JOHN B., Attorney-at-Law, was born in
Seneca county, Ohio, June gth, 1830. His parents
vvere natives of Virginia, who raoved to Ohio,
where they made their home in Seneca county on
land cleared for that purpose, and which they still
occupy. His falher has attained his seventy-
eighth year, while his mother is over seventy-four years of
age. Until John had reached the age of eighteen years he
lived on his falher's farm, and attended subsequently the
Seneca County Academy, where he corapleted his education.
At the terraination of his allotted course of studies he
returned lo farming, and continued at this avocation until
i85g. Abandoning agricultural Ufe in that year, he com
raenced the practice of law, having qualified hiraself to
enter the legal profession while occupied in farraing, and
been adrailted to the bar in 1856. Reraoving to Salera,
IlUnois, he rapidly secured an extensive and remunerative
clientage. He is probably the ablest criminal lawyer at the
Salem b.ar, and one of the most powerful orators in this
section of Illinois. At the present tirae he is a law partner
of Judge Bryan, and his firra conducts a veiy large business.
In politics he has always adhered to the Deraocratic parly,
and in 1872 was the Deraocratic candidate for the Slate

Senate; owing to his opposition to Horace Greeley for
President, however, he failed to secure an election. He
had heretofore avoided rather than sought office, and Ihe
nomination referred to vvas made while he was absent from
his horae. lie was married in 1851 to Marietta Black, of
the State cf Ohio.

HITE, HORACE, Editor, was bom in Colebrook,
Coos county, Nevv Harapshire, August loth, 1834,
being the son of a prominent physician in that
section, who in the winter of 1836-7 journeyed
from New Hampshire to the Territory of Wis
consin, for the purpose of selecting a site for a
colony of New England settlers. This difficult journey was
performed in one season by means of a horse and sleigh,
and the distance, to that then remote western point and
return, of more thaii three thousand miles, while it was
filled with many vicissitudes, was accomplished wiihout
any accidents. Pie selected the location of the present city
of Beloit as the site for the colony, and in the following
summer wdth his faraily removed thither, and took up his
residence in a log structure, the only one in the vicinity
which was built strong enough to afford a secure defence
against the Indians. He died in 1843, leaving a widow and
four small children, of whom Horace was the eldest. Three
years after, Mrs. White married Deacon Sarauel Heriraan,
of Prairieville, now Waukesha, Wisconsin, a man of the
most exemplary character, lo whose farm the family irame
diately reraoved, reraaining there until l84g. In this year
their residence was changed to Beloit, which afforded better
educational facilities, and in the same year Horace entered
Beloit College, from which he graduated in 1853 with dis
tinction. In the following year, being then but nineteen
years of age, he went to Chicago and found his first employ
ment in journalisra as " local," and subsequently as assistant
editor of the Evening Journal, little' thinking that he would
ever arrive at the erainence he afterwards attained as a
raanager and editorial writer. Chicago had at that tirae
four papers : the Tribune, conducted by Thoraas A. Stewart;
the Democrat, by John Wentworth ; the Democratic Press,
by John L. Scripps and William Bross, and the Journal, hy
R. L. & C. L. WUson. In 1855 Mr. White w£ss appointed
agent of the Associated Press and resigned his position on
the Journal, and in the following year he was chosen
Assistant Secretaiy of the National Kansas Committee,
whose head-quarters had been fixed at Chicago. In 1857,
upon the dissolution of Ihat comraillee, he enlered Ihe office
of the Tribune, then pubUshed by Ray, Medill & Co., as an
editorial writer, and from that date until 1874 was uninter
ruptedly connected with that paper. A considerable por
tion of this time was spent in Washington in the capacity
of correspondent. In 1864 he purchased an interest in the
establishment, and in Ihe following year became ils editor-
in-chief, a position which he • held until his retirement

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

377

recently. He then paid a lengthened visit to Europe. He
is a raan of scholarly tastes and keen penetration, whose
well-informed and logical raind gives a power and elegance
to his lilerary productions whieh few other writers can
equal. His journalistic manageraent was characterized by
enterprise and rare energy, and in il he rose to a position
of great influence in the worid of polities, of business, and
of letters. sARDNER, DANIEL, Banker, was born Deceraber
l8th, 1816, in Hartford county, Connecticut,
being the son of Daniel and Prudence (Whipple)
Gardner. Plis falher, who was a cooper by trade,
reraoved with his faraily to Licking county, Ohio,
in 1830. Pie himself early set out in this busi
ness under his falher's supervision, and engaged in it until
he had reached his twenty-fourth year, when he lurned his
allenlion to farming and stock raising in Ohio. He soon
obtained a very large and general acquaintance wilh the
Jieople of his section bf the State, and being a person of ex
cellent judgment, a ready speaker, and a constant worker
for the interests of the community in which he resided, he
soon attained the position of a representative raan. In 1855
he was elected on the Know Nothing ticket to the Ohio
Senate, from Licking and Delamater counties, and served
wilh honor. For six years he held the position of Counly
Coraraissioner for Licking county, and filled Ihe office
acceptably to the people.. In the fall of l85g he left Ohio
for Champaign county, Illinois, in which he had sorae time
previously taken up two thousand acres. This large tract
was put under cultivation, and within a short tirae il was
increased by the addition of a thousand acres. By careful
though liberal raanageraent this has becorae one of the
finest produce and stock farras in IlUnois. In 1862 Mr.
Gardner vvas called upon to settle up Ihe affairs of the old
Cattle Bank of Charapaign county, whieh had failed the
year before. This section of the State was by its suspen
sion rendered destitute of a banking institution of any kind,
and its people, who were engaged largely in transactions
which required Ihe facilities of a bank, keenly felt its loss.
Sensible of the popular need, Mr. Gardner organized a
private banking-house, under the firm-name of D. Gardner
& Co., at Champaign. This still exists and is engaged in a
flourishing business. In 1873, after closing the affairs of
the banking firra of Ermentrout, Harvey & Co., at Urbana,
Mr. Gardner established a branch of his banking-house at
that place, under the firm-name of Gardner, Curtiss & Ber-
pee, which enjoys a very large patronage. He has been a
raeraber of the Chicago Board of Trade for many years, and
deals extensively in grain. He is a gentleraan of rare busi
ness qualifications, and his judgment is accepted almost as
an authority in the decision of grave questions growing out
of the compUcations incident to trade and finance. He is
public spirited and takes a great interest in municipal im-
priveraents, and is esteemed none the less for the courtesy
4S

with which he greets all who, in business or social life,
come in contact with him. He was married in 1840 to
Mary J. Hodges, of Worcester county, Massachusetts, who
StiU lives. Pie has two sons and three daughters.

UECHLER, KARL FERDINAND, M. D., was
born in Lanchstaedt, near Halle, Germany, June
17th, 1822. He received his first instruction in
homoeopathy in the city of BerUn, Prussia, where,
while il student, in 1844, he became acquainted
wilh Professor J. Panlillon, first homoeopathic
physician of Ihat city, who, in consequence of a remarkable
cure effected in the case of a daughter of the celebrated
Betlina Von Arnim, was by sjiecial decree of the king per
mitted to practise and dispense his own niedicine — a privi
lege never before granted to any physician. In November,
1845, Dr. Kuechler left Berlin for Breraerhaven, and the
sarae raonth eriibarked for Araerica in the ill-fated ship
" Pacific." When three days out the ship was wrecked,
and Dr. Kiiechler, having lost everyihing but the dressing-
gown and slippers which he wore, returned to Breraerhaven,
and there coraraenced the praclice of raedicine. It was
there he first met Constantine Hering, who, with his bride,
was returning to Araerica. In July, 1846, he again sailed
for Araerica, and arrived safely in New York after a stormy
voyage of forty-six days. Nine months afterward he re
moved to Springfield, and was at that tirae the only horaoe
opathic physician between Chicago and St. Louis ; and but
one person in Springfield knew anything of horaoeopathy.
Yet in one raonth's tirae his practice becarae so large that
he was compeUed to seek an associate, and he invited Dr.
Bemhard Cyriax, now at Cleveland, to becorae his jiartner.
In 1848 he married Meta Fischer, of Bremen. In 1866,
worn by the cares incident to an extensive practice, and
burdened with grief for the loss of a favorite daughter, the
doctor sought relief in change of labor and of scene, and
for a few weeks returned to the fatherland. During this
visit, whUe at Ccelhen, he was introduced by Dr. Arthur
Lutze to Fraulein Hahneraann, the only surviving daughter
of the great horaoeopath. He is very enlhusiastic in all
pertaining lo his profession. When a poor man in Breraer
haven he spent his last dollar for the privilege of passing a
few hours wilh Jenichen, of Wisraar, the faraous advocate
of high potencies. He is a consistent member of the Bap
tist Church, and a citizen of much quiet usefulness.

EWELL, HOLLIS, Merchant and Capitalist, was
^ ,|lll born at St. Alban's, Franklin lointy, Verraont,

December 25th, 1813. His parenls were Hollis
Jewell and Elizabeth (Goddard) Jewell. His

zyrr^ education was derived frora the public schools,
suppleraented by after sludy and observation. In
1 83 1, when eighteen years of age, he left his home and

378

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

went lo Albion, New York, where he learned Ihe trade of
a earjienter, reraaining there during the succeeding three
years. In 1835 he reraoved to Cleveland, Ohio, and for a
year pursued his trade there. In 1837 he went to ChiUi
cothe, Ohio, and was engaged in the building of the aque
duct over Flint creek for the State canal. Frora this place
he proceeded to Colurabus, where he worked at his trade
until he left for the purpose of visiting New Orleans, Louis
iana. Finally, in 1840, he seltied in Freeport, Illinois,
where he has since permanently resided. Pie established
himself in business here as a wagon and buggy builder, aa
occupation in which he vvas engaged for ten years. In
1850, in consequence of bad health, he retired from active
business life, and for several years vvas compelled to travel
continuously in order to regain his forces. In 1857, his
health being iraproved, he turned his attention to real estate
operations, the loaning of raoney, etc. lie has devoted
much, bolh of his time and means, to the support of the
Methodist Church in Freeport, of which he is a zealous and
an active member. Two of the Methodist churches in the
city owe their existence and prosperity mainly to him;
vvhile in the case of one of these — the Embury Methodist
Episcopal Church — his services vvere so highly appreciated
that it vvas deemed by the managers a fitting measure to
inscribe his narae on the church bell. Though unable, on
account of feeble heallh, to take a very prorainent part in
public affairs, he is yet a valued and indefatigable ally in
all measures destined to serve a useful end, or add to the
welfare, spiritual or physical, of his fellows. In polilics
he is a Republican.

'ARGO, JAMES C, General Manager American
Express Corapany, vvas born in Watervale, Onon
daga counly, New York, May 5th, i82g, being the
seventh child of WiUiara C. Fargo, vvho was of
Irish descent, and whose wdfe vvas a native of
Massachusetts. When fifteen years old he went
to Buffalo, vvhere he entered the office of his brother, WU
liara G. Fargo, then associated vvith a few other gentlemen
in running an express line between Buffalo and Albany,
under the name of Livingston, Wells & Pomeroy, and an
other between Buffalo and Detroit, under the narae of Wells
& Co. Here he was employed as errand and utility boy,
until proraoted to the position of deliverer of raoney pack
ages about the city. The progress of the express business
becoraes raarveUous by contrast. To-day it is one of the
vast and invaluable enterprises of the day. Then it
amounted to a single carpet-bag and a dozen articles a day
between Buffalo and Albany, and about the sarae quantity
between Buffalo and Detroit twice a week. Railroad com
munication had just at that tirae been opened frora the East
to Buffalo, which was then the western terrainus. Early in
1847 Mr. Fargo accompanied his brother William G. to

Detroit, and was assigned a position in the office at that
point, and upon the return of the latter to Bufi'alo, the former
was left in jiartial charge and superintendence of affairs at
Detroit. Within a short time, however, he was invested
with complete control of the business at that point, origin
aUy as Local Agent, and afterwards as Superintendent of
Ihe company's business in Michigan, which grew rapidly in
value and character by the completion of the two great
trunk lines through that State. In January, 1855, Mr.
Fargo moved to Chicago, being assigned control of the
ofiice in that city of the American Express Company, which
was the organization which grew out of the raerging of the
old pioneer companies, in 1S50. Subsequently he was pro
raoted to the Superintendency of the business of the North
western Division of Ihe corapany's lines, bringing to the
discharge of his duties fideUty and a rare degree of execu
tive ability, which won the confidence of the mercantile and
commercial communities, as well as of the public. In Jan
uary, 1867, he was invited to Nevv York to take the respon
sible position of General Manager of the American Express
Corapany, and of Director in the Banking, Express & Stage
Corapany of the Pacific States, vvhich has business cora
raunications with all sections of the world. In all Ihese
important positions he has characterized his raanageraent
wilh care and energy, with the aira of retaining that un
dirainished confidence which frora the first was reposed by
the public in the rapid despatch and safely of goods trans
raitted to its charge; and while he has built up the farae of
this organization, he has necessarily secured lo hiraself a
reputation such as few business raen are honored wilh.
On December 15th, 1853, he was raarried lo Fannie P.,
daughter of Colonel John Stuart, of Battle Creek, Michigan.
In the winter of 1857 he connected himself with Trinity
Protestant Ejiiscopal Church, Chicago, and soon after be
came a Vestryman and Junior Warden, offices which he
retained until his removal to New York, in 1867, to fill the
iraportant positions which had been tendered to him.

RAWFORD, MONROE CARRCLL, Lawyer,
Judge of the Twenty-fifth Judicial Circuit, Jones
boro', IlUnois, was born in Franklin county,
lUinois, May 26lh, 1835. His falher, John
Crawford, was bom in Maryland and reared in
Virginia. His mother, Elizabeth (Randolph)
Crawford, was a native of Tennessee. Monroe attended
Ihe comraon schools of his native State, and during one
term was a student al Ihe McKendree College, Lebanon,
Illinois. On leaving school he began the study of the law
with Hon. W. K. Parish, at Benlon, reraaining under his
tutorship for a period of two years. He was subsequently,
in November, 1853, admitted to the bar, and estabUshed
his office in Benlon. In 1854 he took the degree of Bach-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

379

elor of Laws at the University of Kentucky. While in
Benton, in 1856, he vvas elected Slate's Attorney of the
Third Judicial Circuit, Ihen consisting of ten counties, and
in i860 was re-elected Judge of the same circuit. In l85g
he raoved to Jonesboro', where he has since .permanently
resided. In 1862 he entered the array as Lieutenant-
Colonel of the iiolli Regiment of Illinois Volunteers.
While acting in a military capacity he vvas a jiarlicijiant at
the battle of Perryville, .Stone's river, and remained in the
service until May, 1863. On returning to his native State
he settled at Duquoin, and there engaged in the civil prac
tice of his profession, making that jilaee his horae until
1867. Eventually he removed to Jonesboro', Illinois, and
in J-.me, 18S7, vvas elected Judge of the Third Judicial
Circuit, serving six years. Under the new reorganization, in
1873, he was elected, for the same period. Judge of the
Twenty-fifth Judicial Circuit. He has always been attached
to the Democratic parly, but has never been a candidate of
any party, and never elected as a jiarly candidate. He was
married in Franklin counly, Illinois, Noveraber isl, 1858,
to Sarah J. Willbanks, daughter of Colonel Robert A. D.
WUlbanks, of Jefterson county.

PIEAHAN, JAMES W., Journalist, was born in
Baltiraore, Maiyland, February 22d, 1824, from
Irish parentage. He was educated at the Jesuit
School in Frederick, in Ihe same Stale, and in 1845
was admitted to the practice of lavv in the Federal
Courls of the District of Columbia. His taste, how
ever, did not incline towards the legal profession, and he com
menced the sludy of reporting, in which he soon became very
expert. For a number of years after he reported the pro
ceedings of Congress for the jiress of Ihe District and for
the Associated Press of New York, laying in this vocation
the basis of his future journalistic success. He moved to
Chicago in 1854, and in August of that year established the
Chicago Times, making it a paper of great local popularity
and influence, and the organ of the Northwestern Deraocracy.
He had a nuraber of powerful and wealthy rivals in the
journalistic field, but by gathering about hira raen full of
enterprise and energy he raised his paper inlo a jiosition of
coraraanding eminence in its influence in poUtics and civil
affairs. It became an able advocate of the Democratic
cause, and gave its influential support to Judge Douglas at
a time when party lines were veiy closely drawn, and party
feeling ran very high. From 1854 to i860 Mr. Sheahan,
as the manager of this sheet, was prominently concerned in
all Democratic movements, and there was no canvass or
caucus which did not show sorae indication of his personal
influence in moulding final action. During his excessive
journaUslic labors he yet found time to engage in a great
deal of miscellaneous lilerary work, in the shape of ad
dresses to literary societies, in contributions to the maga

zines and periodicals, and lo Ihe preparation of a full and
interesting biography of Senator Douglas, which the
Harpers, of Nevv York, jiublished in i860. In July ofthal
year he sold out the Times establishment to Mr. McCormick,
and in the foUowing Deceraber, vvith the able assistants he
had gathered about hira on that paper, started the Post,
which in April, 1865, he disposed of to the Repuhlican
corapany. He remained in an editorial position on this
journal during the administration of Mr. Dana, and upon
the retireraent of that gentleman accepted an editorial
position on Ihe Chicago Tribune, which he fills with rare
lact and ability. He is a forcible and graceful writer,
possessing a versatile capacity vvhich qualifies Lira for every
jihase of editorial and literary vvork.

DGAR, WILLIAM H., Lawyer and JournaUst,
was born at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, September
lolh, l83g. He graduated .at Ihe Illinois College,
Jacksonville, in June, 1861, and iraraediately
thereafter enlisted as a privale in the array, to
serve three years, in Corapany E, 33d Regiment
of Illinois Volunteers, Captain C. E. Lippincoll, coraraand
ing. He was afterward promoted lo the Second Lieu
tenancy, and served in the 32d Illinois Regiment. In 1865
he read law in the office of Judge B. F. Parks, at Aurora,
Illinois, and in 1867 was admitted to the bar. In l86g he
took editorial charge of the Jerseyville Republican, and
after several years contest wilh strong adverse political
opinions succeeded in placing the paper on a paying basis.
At the present time he is the sole owner and controller of
that organ. He is a raan of thorough scholarly attainments,
and varied general information, and is widely recognized as
a journalist of unusual powers, while his opinions, as trans
mitted to Ihe public in general Ihrough the medium of his
paper, exercise a marked influence in this section of Illinois.

OAL, ROBERT, M. D., was born in Dauphin
county, Pennsylvania, Noveraber I5lh, 1806.
When five years of age he reraoved with his
parents to Cincinnati, Ohio. He received his
literary education in Ihe Cincinnati College, and
in 1830 graduated frora the Medical College of
Ohio. He reraoved subsequently to the village of Reading,
in the sarae Slate, where he practised his profession, and
also in the city of Cincinnati, until 1836. pie then removed
to IlUnois, and settied in Lacon, Marshall county, of which
town he was one of the founders. In 1844 he vvas elected
to the Stale Senate, and in 1854-56 to the House of Repre
sentatives from the district of which Ihat county was a part.
In 1857 he was appoinled one of the Directors of the Illi
nois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb,

3So

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

at Jacksonville, a position which he held for a period of
seventeen years. In 1863 he was appointed Examining
Surgeon to the Board of Enrolment of the Fifth Congres
sional District, and served in this capacity until honorably
discharged at the close of the rebellion. In 1865 he re
moved to the city of Peoria, where he still pursues the
practice of medicine. He possesses the respect of the
community in general, and is one of the oldest practitioners
in the State.

'OCHRAN, HON. JOSEPH W., Lawyer and
Judge of the Ninth Circuit, was born in Ohio, in
1836. Pie is Ihe son of John M. Cochran and
Martha J. (Wilson) Cochran. Pie studied law
in his native Stale, and graduated at the law
department of Ihe Ohio University, in Cincin
nati. He moved to Peoria, and there commenced* Ihe
practice of his profession. In 1873 he was elected Judge
of the Ninth Circuit, coraprising the counties of Peoria and
Stark, vvhich office he still holds. He was married in 1861
to Martha H. Cox, of New York State.

'LARK, RODERIC, BuUder, was bom in Granby,
Massachusetts, on May 15th, i82g. His father,
Asahel Clark, was a farraer and raanufacturer,
who died when the son was but ten years old.
His dealh left the family in veiy limited circum
stances, and while a raere boy this son went to
the neighborhood of Niagara Falls, where he learned the
trade of a carpenter. When nineteen years old he started
with five dollars in his pocket, working his way on rafts and
boats down the Allegheny and Ohio rivers, and up the Illi
nois river to Morris, Illinois, where he located, and turned
in to help build up the town, Ihen just starting, giving his
tirae and labor to help build the first church in Ihe place,
- and assisting lo lay out a portion of the town. Here he was
raarried in 185 1 to Mary Ryall, of Morris, by whom he
has now four sons nearly grown, and of great assistance
to him in looking after his various duties and interests.
After he had stayed here seven years, and materiaUy assisted
in Ihe prosperity of the place, he moved in 1857 to what is
now the tovvn of MarseiUes, on the Illinois river. An
attempt had been made here years before to build up a town,
and had signally failed. Another village farther up on the
river vvas in a very dormant condition. Mr. Clark had no
ticed a natural fall here in the river of sixteen feet in one mile,
and vvith that shrewd forecast, quiet patience, and energy,
which a few men only possess, located himself at this spot,
began fanning, and, as opportunity offered, purchased about
all the land in the vicinity, deterrained, when he should have
accomplished that end, to develop Ihe water power, and to
lay out and buUd up a new town of Marseilles. This he

carried out to the letter, and to-day the hum of many
factories, the presence of five hundred operatives, and
homes of a population of twenty-five hundred souls attest
the energy and wisdom of this man — the father of Marseilles.
It took him several years to buy up the lands ; then, in
1868, he induced capitalists from Chicago and Peoria lo
help him construct a dam across the Illinois of eight feet
height, and one thousand feet length, which gives, perhaps,
the best water power in the State ; and laid out a town.
This power they lease to the manufacturers. The business
and railroad station of the old village was soon reraoved to
the site of its new and prosperous neighbor, and Mr. Clark
becarae Station Agent, which position, and that of Presi
dent of the Water Power Company, he still holds. In
addition to this he is still a practical builder, and largely
engaged in farming. He has also filled the office of Town
Treasurer, and various other iraportant trusts in the place,
vvhich has thus grown up in the past seven years.

ARTHING, WILLIAM D., Attorney-at-Law, was
born in Marion 'county, Illinois, February 15th,
1847. His father, a native of Virginia, raoved to
Illinois ill l82g, and settled in Marion county,
where he engaged in farming. His mother was
a native of Tennessee. He was educated pre
liminarily at the Washington Serainary, Riehview, Illinois.
He commenced Ufe as a teacher, an avocation which he
followed for seven years, and during this time studied law
under the instructions of Thomas E. Merritt. In 1872 he
was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of
his profession at Odin, where he still resides, possessing a
fair praclice, and the good opinion of his professional
brethren. In 1864, then but seventeen years of age, he
entered the service of the Uniled Slates as a private, and
after serving two years was honorably discharged. He was
a participant at Ihe battles of Lookout Mounlain, Dallas,
Resaca, Kenesaw Mountains, Atlanta, Savannah, and Fort
McAllister. He was married in 1874 to Sarah E. PhiUips,
of Central City, Marion county, Illinois.

'O/vYLA, JOHN W., Lawyer, was bora in Meredith,
New Hampshire, and is about forty-eight years
of age. Pie received a liberal education in his
native Stale, and enlered the Law School of
Plarvard, Massachusetts, frora which he gradu
ated before he had attained his raajority. Upon
returning to his horae he becarae a partner of Judge Bur
roughs, of Plyraouth, New Hampshire, with whora he re
mained until 1862, when he entered the service of Ihe
United Stales as Captain of the I5lh New Hampshire
Infantry. He was in active service during the succeeding

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

381

eighteen months, participating in that time in sorae of the
hottest battles of the war. He was then appointed Provost
Judge in the Gulf Department, a position which he held
until the close of the rebelli.on. He subsequently carae to
Chicago, and entered upon the praclice of his profession in
this city. His specialty is real estate and bankruptcy law,
in which he has few superiors.

f ORRISON, NAPOLEON B., Merchant, MiU Oper
ator, ex-Meraber of the Legislature, Odin, Illinois,
was born in Bath, Grafton county, New Harap
shire, February 12th, 1824. His parenls, of
Scotch-Irish extraction, were natives of New Eng
land, and his earlier ancestors carae to America in
the famous vessel, the " Mayflower." His father. Dr. Moses
F. Morrison, practised the medical profession in New Hamp
shire until his dealh in 1853. He was educated at the New
bury Acaderay in Verraont. On leaving school he became
engaged as a civil engineer, a calling which he followed for
fifteen years. He was employed by the Boston, Concord
& Montreal Railroad; by the Buffalo & New York City
Railroad ; by the New York & Erie Railroad ; by Ihe New
York Central Railroad, and by the Marietta & Cincinnati
Railroad, being eraployed on Ihe raajor portion of these
roads until their corapletion. He subsequently moved to
Iowa and interested himself in real estate operations, con
tinuing in that business for five years. He then removed
to Illinois, and settled at Odin in 1862. Later he became
engaged in Ihe lumber and grain business, and there nearly
all the business in this line has been controlled by hira. In
1872 he engaged in the milling business, while continuing
to conduct his opera1;ions in grain in company wilh Mr.
Smart. In 1875, however, he purchased his partner's interest
in the establishment, and at the present time is sole owner
and controller of its affairs. His mill, known as the Odin
City Mill, is excelled only by the larger raills existing in the
principal centres. In politics he has always been attached
to the Democratic party, and in 1872 was elected a member
of Ihe Legislature frora Marion counly, and served through
that session. He was raarried in 1854 to L. M. Smart, of
Greenfield, Ohio.

RESHAM, CHARLES D., Merchant, was born
in Crawford county, Indiana, March 5th, 1827.
His parents, natives of Virginia, eraigrated to
Kentucky in J815, and from there moved to In
diana, and subsequentiy to Illinois, returning
finally to Indiana and settiing in Clark county.
His falher continued to reside in this county until the time of
his death. Charies was educated primarily in the coraraon
schools of Indiana, and later at the Commercial College in
LouisviUe, Kentucky. When fourteen years of age his

father purchased a farra, and here, after relinquishing his
sludies, he passed one year, occupied in the labors attendant
on agricultural life. At the expiration of Ihat tirae, finding
hiraself unsuited for the proposed vocation, he served an
apprenticeship at the tinning trade in Louisville, working
at it until 1853. During a portion of this tirae, however,
he was employed as a bookkeeper. Afterward finding his
trade raore profitable he returned to il, and continued to
work at LouisviUe until he' removed to Sl. Louis, where he
resided until 1858. He then removed to Marion counly,
Illinois, where he had purchased a farra, which he culti
vated during the following two years. He eventually dis
posed of the farra, and at the oulbreak of the war vvas en
gaged as Assistant Quarterraaster and Coraraissary at Anna,
where the newly recruited troops were being provided for.
He afterward did similar duly at Shawneetown. In the fall
of 1862 he entered into coparlnershiji vvith John Cunning
ham, the present State Senator, in conducting a general
merchandise establishment. This association continued
until 1868, at which dale the latter retired, leaving hira to
conduct the business alone. He is one of the leading raer
chanls and citizens of Salem, and is intimately identified
with its prosperity. He has filled Ihe office of City Coun-
cilraan, but, unwilling to becorae a participant in the politi
cal struggles of the hour, has never sought any public position
of eraoluraent. He was married in May, 1853, to Jane C.
Sloss, of Sl. Louis, Missouri.

PARKS, HON. WILLIAM A. J., Lawyer, Mem
ber of Congress frora the Sixteenth Congressional
Dislrict of Illinois, vvas born near Nevv Albany,
Indiana, Noveraber igth, 1828. His parents,
natives of Virginia, eraigrated lo Indiana in 1805.
Bolh were Ihen unraarried, but subsequently their
acquaintance resulted in love and raarriage. His falher
was well known as a skilful farmer and an upright and
energetic citizen. He, the youngest of ten children, re
ceived his earlier education in thecounty schools of Illinois,
and, left an orphan at a tender age, was unable to secure as
thorough an education as he desired. He subsequentiy
commenced lo work on a farra, at the same tirae attending
school. He then engaged in teaching school, and after ac-
euraulating a sum of raoney sufficient lo defray attendant
expenses, enlered the McKendree College, from whieh in
stitution he ultimately graduated. Shortly after he moved
to Cariyle, and there beg.an Ihe sludy of law under the in-
sliuetions of Chief Justice Breese. In November, 1850, he
was admitted to the bar. In Ihe foUowing winter he was
elecled Second Clerk of the House of Representatives of
this Stale, and in the spring of 1853 was appointed by Presi
dent Pierce Receiver of the United Slates Land Office for
the Edwardsville, Illinois, District. The latter office he
held until all the Illinois offices were consolidated. In

382

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

1856 he was elected a Presidential Elector for the Eighth
District ofthe State, and voted for James Buchanan and J.
C. Breckenridge. At the same election he was elected a
raeraber of the Legislature from the counties of Bond and
Clinton. During his terra he served as Chairraan of the'
Commillee on Iraproveraenls. In the spring of 1863 he
was elecled a State Senator for the Fourlh Senatorial Dis
trict, and in 186S was a delegate to the National Democratic
Convention which raet in New York and nominated Horatio
Seymour. From Ihe tirae of his adraission lo the bar he
confined his attention closely to the practice of his profession,
and secured a clientage so large and lucrative as to perrait
of his recent retireraent with an independence. He has
been a con.slanl attendant at all Ihe Democratic conventions
held in the Stale, and is in Illinois one ofthe leading spirits
of his party. In 1874 he was nominated and elected to
Congress from the Sixteenth Congressional District, securing
a victory over General Martin of eight hundred votes, while
in the previous election the latler had been elected by over
two hundred majority. He was married, April i6th, 1855,
to Julia E. Parker, of Edwardsville.

j-^AYWARD, HORACE, Lawyer, Judge of the
Counly Court, Olney, Illinois, was born in
Shrewsbury, Verraont, May I4lh, 1824. His
grandfather, an Englishman, settled in Verraont
at an early day, and served through the Revolu
tionary war. His father, Benjamin Hayward,
was born in Verraont, and engaged in farming, an occupa
tion at which he continued until his death in 1865. Horace
was educated al the Troy Conference Academy, and also
at the Castleton Seminary in Vermont. On leaving school
he commeneed the study of law in the office of Robert Pier
point, of Rutland, afterward one of the judges of the Su
preme Court of that State. He reraained thus occupied
during the ensuing eighteen months, and at Ihe expiration
of this period moved to California, where he was engaged in
raining for about four raonlhs. Pie then returned from the
Pacific coast, finished his course of legal studies, and was
admitted lo the bar. In November, 1850, he removed to
Illinois, and settied in Olney, establishing hiraself there in
the practice of his profession, in whieh he has sinee been
conslanlly and successfully engaged. He held the office of
Trustee of Ihe Town for an extended period; has officiated
as County Supervisor and in various olher positions of trust ;
has labored for the benefit of his fellow-citizens, and the
speedy development of the interests of his county and city.
As a professional man he ranks among the ablest, and the
office of Judge, to which he was elecled in 1873, has never
been filled wilh greater abilily or more thorough integrity.
Pie is a Director of the First National Bank of Olney, a
position occupied by him since the organization of this in
stitution, and is President of the Grayville & Mjilloon Rail

road Corajiany. He is also a meraber of the order of Ma
sons, and for many years was Worshipful Master of Olney
Lodge, No. 140; Junior Grand Warden ofthe Grand Lodge
of Illinois, and High Priest of Ihe Richland Chapter, No.
48. He has been also Eminent Corainander of Gorin Com-
raandery. No. 14, frora its constitution to the present time,
and has taken the Scottish Rile degree up to the thirty-second.
Both as a practitioner and as an expounder and interpreter
of the law he has invariably exhibited profound knowledge
of the matters involved, great powers of concentration and
analysis, and an irapartial and eleraent spirit. He was mar
ried in 1852 to Eleanor J. McCullough, of Ohio.

r^OARD, SAMUEL, Agriculturalist, County Judge
and ex-Postraaster of Chicago, was born in West
rainster, Worcester county, Massachusetts, May
20th, 1800, descending frora English ancestry of
rank and fortune. When six years old he was
deprived of parental care, and was coramitted to
relatives, vvho subsequently furnished hira with the facilities
for a coraraon school and acaderaic education, with the aim
of filling him for professional life. He studied law for some
tirae, bul, after he had prepared himself for this vocation,
having some doubts as to his suitableness for that branch of
professional life, he turned his attention to mercantile pur
suits, becoming first a clerk and subsequently a partner in a
business house. He manifested considerable interest in
polities, and was elected a magistrate, and eventually ap
pointed Judge of the Counly Court of Fr,ankUn Counly,
New York. In 1827 he raarried Sophonia Conant, daughter
of John Conant, of Brandon, Vermont, and sister of Rev.
T. J. Conant, D. D., of New York city. In the following
year Mr. Ploard, with the co-operation of James Long of
Chicago, established the Franklin Republican, and in 1833
he becarae editorial raanager of the St. Lawrence Repuhli
can, and becarae associated with Silas Wright, jr., of whose
ability as a statesman he was a profound admirer. He was
influenced by the popular western movement whieh occurred
soon after this, and moved to Illinois, settling upon a farm
in Cook county. In 1840 he was appointed to take the
State census of that county, and neither he nor Sheriff Sher
man, vvho was authorized to take the United Slates census,
could find in Chicago, then ambitious to be called a metro
politan city, five thousand souls ! In 1842 he was elected
State Senator, serving in the sessions of 1842-43, and after
Ihe expiralion of this office was appoinled Clerk of the
Circuit Court, and moved inlo Chicago in order more
thoroughly to attend to his duties. Pie engaged also in
the real estate business, which he jirosecuted alone wilh
much vigor .and success until 1845, when he forraed a part
nership wilh J. T. Edwards in a jewelry establishraent,
which was maintained until Ihe year 1861. pie entered
actively into all moveraents for the support of the adrainis-

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

383

tration ; became a member of the Union Defence Committee,
and gratuitously gave one year's services to the arduous
duties of Secretary of that organizalion. President Lincoln
appointed him Postmaster of Chicago, and he retained that
responsible office until the advent of President Johnson.
Subsequently he becarae a member of the Board of plealth
of Chicago, and in this capacity rendered invaluable services
in the successful effort to ward off the scourge of cholera
whieh threatened the city. He has at all times taken a
prominent and influential position in politics, and vvould
have served in the Legislature again had not his generosity
been practically exerted in behalf of another candidate. He
presided at a convention to nominate members of the Legis
lature from Lake and Cook counties, in which Williara B.
Otrden, Ebenezer Peck and others were candidates. A
nuraber of ballots had been taken without any decisive re
sult, vvhen Mr. Ogden's friends suddenly changed their
votes to Mr. lioard, producing a tie between hira and Mr.
Peck. Mr. Hoard decided this issue, as presiding officer,
by casting his, the final vote, in favor of Mr. -Peck, an
action vvhich only increased popular esteem for him. He
early manifested great interest in Ihe questions of educational
iraproveraenls, and became many years since a member of
Ihe Board of Education, over whieh he jiresided a very long
period. He was one of the original corporators of the
University of Chicago, having served on ils Board of
Trustees and on its Execulive Commillee from the date of
ils establishment. He is an earnest and conscientious
churchman, holding a membership in the First Baptist
Church, and for over fifteen years conducting the infant
class of the large and flourishing Sabbath-school connected
wilh il. Latterly he has held the superintendency of a
large class of boys in Ihe Sabbalh-school of the Second
Baptist Church, of -which he is senior deacon. To this
school he contributed three fine paintings illustrative of
Scriptural teachings, and in many other ways has shown his
liberality to the church and its dependencies. He has been
erainent for his public spirit, for his genuine and unostenta
tious philanthropy, and in his manner of address, vvhether
as a public or private citizen, he has won the lasting respect
of the entire community.

''''eRRITT, HON. TPIOMAS E., Atlorney-al-Law,
Member of the Legislature, Salera, Illinois, was
bora in New York city, AprU 2gth, 1834. Plis
falher, John W. Merrill, was born in Albany,
New York, and for many years vvas engaged in
Ihe practiee of the law, frora which, however, on
account of old age, he is now entirely withdrawn. In 1840
he raoved lo the West, and seltied in Salem, Illinois, where
he still resides. Thomas attended the comraon schools of
Salem until eighteen years of age, then learned the trade of
carriage painting, at which he worked for several years.
He subsequently commenced the study of lavv with P. P.

HamUton, of Salera, and in 1862 was admitted to the bar
at Springfield, Illinois. He then enlered upon Ihe practice
of his profession in Salem, and rapidly acquired an extensive
clientage. In politics he has alvvays been attached to the
Democratic party, and has attended all the Democratic con
ventions held in this State during the past fifteen years.
While officiating as a delegate to the Democratic conven
tions held in Springfield in 1862 he acted as a member of
the Comraillee on Resolutions. In i860 he made his first
" sturap-speech," and through that campaign continued to
"slump" the Stale for Stephen A. Douglas. In i86g he
was elected a member of the Legislature frora Marion
county, and has since been re-elected three tiraes. While
in the Legislature he has been ever foreraost in debate, and
many of his speeches have been reported, notably that on
Ihe Lake-front bill, which he opposed, and that on the
Canal bill, whose defeat was raainly attributable to his
earnest labors. He was married in 1862 to AUce Mc-
Kenny, of Salera.
v(jf([i|UCAS, GEORGE LEE, M. D., was born in Law
rence, Slack counly. May gth, 1823. Plis
grandfather, Isaac Lucas, was a Revolutionaiy
soldier, and served throughout the vvar of inde
pendence; his discharge, signed by General Wash
ington at the close of Ihe struggle, is still in Ihe
possession of tiie family. His falher, Berridge Lucas, a
farmer, removed lo Washington county, Pennsylvania, where
he resided for a long lime. George attended the coramon
school in the vicinity, and also the acaderay, working at
intervals on a farm. He subsequently studied medicine in
the same counly, and in 1852 graduated from the Jefferson
Medical College. Before graduating, however, he practised
his profession for six years in Pennsylvania, and after, in
1852, moved to Bourbon counly, Kenlucky, where he was
professionally occupied for five years. In 1857 he reraoved
to Brimfield, Peoria county, Illinois, continuing there the
praclice of raedicine. In 1861 he was coraraissioned Surgeon
of the 47th Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and eighteen
raonlhs later v^as chosen Surgeon-in-Chief of the 3d Division
ofthe I5lh Army Corps, afterward the ist Division of the
l6lh Array Corps. In this cajiacily he served until the
latter part of 1864, when he received a sunstroke, and being
relieved from field duty vvas placed in charge of the hospital
at Rorae, Georgia. After the lapse of a brief period he re
lurned to his practice in Peoria, now extensive and rerau
nerative. He officiated as President of Ihe Town Council in
Brirafield, and in Peoria has been a member of the Board
of Supervisors. He was also a member of the coraraittee
which established the Peoria Counly Normal School, Ihe
first counly normal school established in the United Stales,
and which, now in its sevenlh year, has met wilh great suc
cess. He is a member of the Peoria City Medical Associa
tion, of the Illinois State Medical Association, and a member

384

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

also of the American Medical Association. In his practice,
covering a period of over twenty-nine years, he has won an
enviable reputation and is widely recognized as a skilful
physician. He was raarried in Wade county, Pennsylvania,
Oclober 14th, > 1846, to Hannah L. Ringland, of that
counly. He has four children living, one daughter and
three sons. B. C. K. Lucas, the oldest son, graduated
frora the Long Island Medical College, June 24th, 1875,
receiving, in obstetrics, the highest honors of his class, and
was presented vvith a fine case of .obstetrical instruments, the
prize awarded for greatest excellence.

llUCK, GEORGE, Pharmaceutist, vvas bom in Ro
chester, England, Septeraber 20th, 1827. He is
a son of Thoraas Buck and Sarah (Adaras) Buck.
After passing through a regular acaderaical course
of study he was, at the age of fourteen years, ap
prenticed to a pharmaceutist at Maidstone, Kent,
England, with whora he served his full terra, and obtained a
thorough knowledge of his profession in all ils bearings and
details. During that period the Pharniaceutical Society of
Great Britain was organized, and he becarae one of its
earliest associates, and eventually, in i84g, after passing the
prescribed exaraination, enjoyed the advantages of a full
and regular membership. In 1848 he reraoved to Bristol
and acted as dispenser in the establishraent of Ferris &
Score, a firra still in existence, and has always been con
sidered Ihe most extensive of ils kind in the west of Eng
land. After remaining vvith those eraployers until l84g,
he retumed to his native eily, Rochester, and coraraenced
business on his own account, whieh he carried on for a
period of about four years. At the expiration of that tirae,
in 1853, he carae to the Uniled Stales and settled in Brook
lyn, having been for a few months previous, however, in
the eraploy of the old and well-known firm of Thomas &
Maxwell, in William street. New York eity. Here he
engaged with Mr. Eaglelon, a prominent pharmacist,
until in Deceraber, 1855, he removed to Chicago, where
he entered the establishment of J. H. Reed & Co., as
dispenser. He remained with this house during the suc
ceeding Ihree years, and Ihen associated himself with J. B.
Rayner, his present partner, under the firm-name of Buck
& Rayner, locating the pharmaceutical establishment at g3
Clark street. This connection was continued until 1865,
when his partner disposed of his interest in the firm, re
moved to New York, and after a short absence returned, in
1868, and purchased the entire business. In l86g the old
firra-narae of Buck & Rayner was resuraed, and the affairs
of Ihe firm, since conducted by the partners, are now in a
highly flourishing condition. They raaintain two places of
business, one at 117 Clark street, the olher on the corner
of State and Madison streets. The latler store, as is well
known, was Ihe first prescription drug store re-established in

the "burnt district" after the great fire of 1871. At the
present tirae Buck & Rayner are among the leading deal
ers in Chicago, and are widely recognized as skilful and
honorable men of business, also as pharmaceutists of un
questionable ability. The former was one of the organizers
of the Chicago College of Pharmacy, and has always taken
a lively interest in its welfare and proceedings. He is now
one of its trustees, and was ils third President. He has
also been a raember of the American Pharmaceutical Asso
ciation since 1856. He has been constantiy found araong
those who have labored zealously and effectively to guard
the standard of pharmacy, and, with others, has contributed
his time and means to procure necessary legislation on this
subject in order that Ihe profession raight be brought to
a higher status. He was married in 1861 to Emma K.
Soraers, daughter of Captain Somers, of the British army;
and in 1865 again married to Araelia Parke, daughter
of Dr. Parke, of Chicago.

'Iff

ULVER, JOSEPH F., Lawyer, ex-Judge of Liv
ing.ston counly, Illinois, and Operator in Ihe
Loan, Insurance, Real Estate and Banking Busi
nesses, was born in Curaberland county, Pennsyl
vania, Noveraber 3d, 1834. His grandfather,
Jaraes Culver, came from England and fought in
Ihe Revolutionary war; he was wounded in battle, and
died in New Jersey, regretted by the patriots who esteemed
hira as a fearless soldier. His great-grandfather was noted as
a Tory. His falher served in the Pennsylvania Legislature
in 1 841. Joseph F. attended the district school until four
teen years of age, for two years studied in the academy and
passed a further period of four years and six months in Ihe
Dickinson CoUege, at Cariisle, Pennsylvania. After leaving
school he worked on a farm. In summer, for two years,
while in the winter months he applied himself to the study
of law. He afterward removed to Ohio, and, as principal,
taught in a Norraal school for two winters. From this
State he came to Pontiac, Illinois, February i6th, i85g.
He there became Deputy Counly Clerk, and during his
terra continued his legal studies. At the breaking out of
the rebellion he enlered the service of the Uniled Slates as
First Lieutenant of Company A, I2gth Regiment of Illinois
Volunteers. He was eventually promoted to the rank of
Captain, and returned to his horae in June, 1865. He was
present with his regiment in all the batties from Nashville
to Atlanta, and after the capture of the latter place marched
wilh Sherman to the sea, and thence back to take part in
Ihe famous campaign which was crowned with that mera
orable success, the surrender of the rebel General Johnston
with his entire array. April 28th, 1866, he was admitted
to the bar, and in the fall of 1868 was elected County Judge
of Livingston county, an office whose duties he performed
with integrity and ability during Ihe ensuing four years.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

385

Since his retirement from the bench he has been engaged
in the loan, insurance, real estate and banking businesses.
As a business man he is noted for his indomitable persever
ance and well-directed energy. He is one of the trustees
of Ihe State Reform School, located at Pontiac, and for the
years 1873 and 1874 was President of the Slate Sunday-
School Association. He was noted for early piety, and at
the Jiresent time is wddely esteemed as a true Christian and
generous philanthropist. He is the Superintendent of two
Sabbalh-schools, and has been connected with the Pontiac
Sabbalh-school for a period extending over sixteen years.
He is also the Chaplain of the Reform School, and as a
local minister has attained considerable celebrity in this
section of the Stale.

HERBERT, GEORGE, Lawyer, was born in Maine,
and is now about fifty-three years of age. Hc is
the descendant of a legal family which reaches
back through several generations, vvhile his father
was one of the most prominent lawyers of his
native Stale. He graduated at Araherst; shortiy
after began the practice of his profession, and speedily se
cured an extensive clientage. About twenty-three years
ago he settled in Chicago, Illinois.- For a tirae he engaged
in the luraber business, but of late years has ajiplied him
self exclusively to the practiee of law, in which his efforts
have been deservedly crowned wilh entire success, pie is
prominent and influential in the Congregational Church,
and noted for many adrairable qualities of mind and heart.

fNSCORE, PION. MATTIiEW J., Lawyer, was
bora in Springfield, Tennessee, February 22d,
1841. Iiis parents, who were from England, al
though originally of Gerraan extraction, carae to
this country very early in the century and seltied
in North Carolina, frora which place Ihey raoved
ultimately lo Tennessee. At the early age of eight years
he was thrown entirely upon his own resources, having
neither parents nor guardians ; and, while serving an .ap
prenticeship at the saddle and harnessraaker's trade, at
tended dislrict school during a portion of a three months
terra, " which comprises the only educational advantages he
has ever enjoyed." He continued for a period of ten years
to work at his trade, and at the same time began the sludy
of law, persevering in Ihis latter particular, and wiihout Ihe
aid of a tutor fitting hiraself lo pass the required exaraina
tion. During eight consecutive years he thus added lo his
growing store of legal knowledge, and at the expiration of
that tirae was admitted as a practitioner to the Supreme
Court of Ihe Slate. He then entered immediately upon the
practice of his profession in Anna, where he had lived
while working at his trade. In 1872 he vvas elected a
49

member of the Legislature from the Fiftieth District, serving
two years, and in November, 1874, re-elected for a period
of like duration. In the Twenly-eighlh General Assembly
he presented the bill known as " The Dissecting Bill," of
which he vvas the author and elaboralor, and succeeded in
passing it through the House. In Ihe following year,
while resting temporarily at Chicago, he was waited on by
the Facully of Rush Medical College, and, in a highly cora
pliraentary speech deUvered by Dr. Allen, was presented
with a costly gold-headed cane of fine workmanship.
Until this meeting he was an entire stranger lo the faculty,
and the gift vvas purely and siraply a lesliraonial to hini of
their appreciation of his efforts in aiding to secure the on
ward raarch of science. In the Twenty-ninth Assembly he
presented the bill providing an amendment to the revenue
articles of the constitution, primarily encountered rauch
and deterrained ojiposition, and, though successful in secur
ing a Jiassage for it through the Plouse, vvas frustrated in
his efforts by the Senate. That is a raost iraportant bill,
regard being paid lo the interests of the jieojile of his State,
and though vanquished in his first essay he still purposes to
carry it to a sjieedy and victorious issue. In Anna he has
held the offices of City Clerk, City Treasurer and Police
Magistrate. In politics his sentiments and princijiles have
continuously inclined him toward the Republican party,
although his counly is governed almost wholly by Dem
ocratic policy. In 1862, however, he became the Re
publican candidate, and that party has since persisted in
placing him in nomination for office. In 1872 he suc
ceeded in carrying his district, and upon each occasion
vvhere he has entered the lists as an aspirant for office has
invariably reduced his ojijionenl's majority to a figure far
below that of any olher. As a legal practitioner he has
been unusuaUy successful in securing an extensive and re
munerative praclice ; is quick at professional retort and a.
powerful and pleasing as well as a convincing speaker;
and by the able and constant exercise of natural talents,
well developed by profitable study, has won Ihe confidence
and esteem not only of his professional colleagues, but of
the general community amid which he is a leading and
honored citizen. He was raarried, April 7th, 1862, to
Amanda J. Hoskins, a former resident of Zenia, Clay
county, Illinois.

OUGALL, WILLIAM, M. D., Soldier and Physi
cian, fifth son of John Dougall and Margaret
Houstoun, was born at Underwood, Paisley,
Scotiand, on March 1st, 1842. His falher, who
was a leading cotton spinner in the west of Scot
land, came with his family to Ihis country in
1858, and invested in land near New Haven, Indiana,
where he died on Deceraber 28th, 1874, at the age of
seventy-five, through Ufe revered for his piely and un
coraproraising rectitude, and in death sincerely raourned

386

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

for by his fellow-citizens. His raother, who still survives,
is a descendant of Ihe ancient Renfrewshire family of
Houstoun, of Houstoun, where she was born. The subject
of Ihis sketch was educated at the High School of Glasgow,
an institution founded in the twelfth century, preparatory
to beginning the study of medicine, but this was interrupted
by the change of circumstances and location consequent
upon the famUy settling in the United Slales, and he was
prevented from following out his career for the present.
On the breaking out of the war he enlisted in Corapany C,
15th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, at Fort Wayne,
on June 1st, 1861. He was wilh his regiment in every
engageraent, being severely woAnded at the battle of Stone
River, Tennessee, until October Isl, 1863, when, after
passing the regular examination, he received a Captain's
coraraission in the I3lh Regiraent United, Slates (Colored)
Infantry, in whicli capacity he acted, often wilh independent
coramand, until the close of the war, in April, 1865, when
he resigned. His brother, Allan Houstoun Dougall, was
also an officer in the Federal service — Captain and Adju
tant, 88lh Indiana Volunteer Infantry. On his retura he
resuraed the sludy of raedicine, and subsequently took Ihe
regular medical course at the University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, during 1866 and 1867. On March 4lh, 1868, he
graduated an M. D. at Chicago Medical College, and com
menced practice at Le Mont, Cook county, Illinois, on
April 1st following. He was married on October 1st,
1872, to Cassie Walker, eldest daughter of Edwin Walker,
of Le Mont, and removed lo Joliet, Illinois, vvhere he now
resides, following his profession wilh much acceptance,
more especiaUy in surgical cases. He is also Secretary and
Treasurer of the Will County Medical Society. Dr.
Dougall was actuated by a pure love of this his adopted
country and the Union lo enlist as a soldier, and he is a
firra upholder of the right of mankind to universal freedom,
without distinction of race and color.

AHN, JAMES A., M. D., was born in Montgomery
counly, Pennsylvania, May i6th, 1803. His
father. Dr. John Hahn, was a student under the
^ celebrated Dr. Casper Wistar, and graduated
^ frora the Penn.sylvania University. Iiis raother,
Margaret Weyer, was a daughter of PI. S. Weyer,
.a large wholesale grocer of Philadelphia. James A. was
educaled in the Princeton College, and in 1,822 enlered the
Pennsylvania University for the study of raedicine, graduat
ing frora Ihat institution in 1825. Locating in Lehigh
county, in the vicinity of AUentown, he practised his pro
fession for a brief period in this section, and reraoved sub
sequently to Seneca county. New York, where he was
sirailariy engaged for about fifteen years. He afterward
reraoved to Marshall, Michigan, practised raedicine there
during the succeeding fourteen years, and at the expiration

of that time, in 1854, established his office in Chicago,
IlUnois, where he has since permanently resided, the oldest
and one of the most successful practitioners in the city.
For a term of four years he was Medical Doctor to the city;
and for six years acted as a meraber of the City Council.
At the present time he is President of the Board of Plealth,
having been appointed about one year ago. He is a member
also of the Pennsylvania Medical Society, and for two years
was a resident student at the Philadelphia Almshouse, and
a pupil of Professor Gibson. He was raarried in 1822 lo
Maria Burke, of Philadelphia, and has celebrated his golden
wedding. His son, J. S. Hahn, M. D., is also practising
in Chicago, and is regarded as a rising practitioner by Ihe
profession and the coraraunity in general. Died, Oct. 1875.

HERMAN, E. B., was born in Verraont, and
passed his early years ujion a farra. In iSCo he
graduated wilh honors at the Middlebury Col
lege, and subsequently frora the Chicago Law
University. Pie was afterward engaged for a
time in teaching, and served in the array during
the war. He is widely known as a forcible speaker, and
has had some experience in journalism.^ Hc has built up
an extensive practice and takes a prorainent position araong
his professional brethren. Imraediately after Ihe great fire
he was selected by the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows as a
raeraber of the Relief Comraittee, and as its Secretary per
formed an immense amount of labor, discharging the diffi
cult and harassing duties of the office with erainent ability.

AIRD, WILLIAM F., Broker and Loan Agent,
was born in Springfield, Ohio, February 1st,
l82g. He is of Scotch-Irish extraction. Plis
grandfather, on the paternal side, served in the
Revolutionary war; and his grandfather, on Ihe
maternal side, one of the earlier pioneers and
settlers of Sjiringfield, Ohio, was a contractor and builder,
and constructed most of Ihe public buildings of Ihat piece
in its early history. The latler moved from Lexington,
Kentucky, in 1815, setting at liberty all his slaves, many
of whora accorapanied him to Springfield, where Ihey
settled Jiermanenlly and reared families whose descendants
are nuraerous, and in many eases now in a prosperous con
dition. His father was a merchant and manufacturer,
whose property, consisting of flouring mills, woollen fac
tories, distilleries and saw mills, vv.as in a single night
swept away by flre. No insurance covering this loss, he
was left utterly penniless, wilh seven children, six daughlers
and one son, then eight years of age. Notwdthslanding
that disaslrot>s accident, however, he did not fail to give
his children, especially his daughters, a good education.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

387

In his boyhood and youlh WilUam F. worked for wages on
a farm and in stores in the summer, and in Ihe winter
months attended school. He continued thus occupied untU
he had attained his seventeenth year, when he obtained a
permanent position in a slore, where he reniained until
twenty years of age. He then estabUshed himself in mer
cantile business on his own account, pursuing it during Ihe
ensuing two years, when, on account of enfeebled health,
he disposed of the concern and took a position as railroad
conductor on the Little Miarai, Colurabus & Xenia Road,
in which capacity he acted for a jieriod of five years. He
settled subsequently in Blooraington, Illinois. Plis wife
inheriting a large property, and a portion of it being in
vested at a distance of about six miles from Bloominglon,
in a farm of a thousand acres, esteeraed as one of the raost
valuable stock farms of its size in Ihe Stale, he then en
gaged at once iu stocking and cultivating that desirable
acquisition. This business, farming and dealing in blooded
stock, he has since regularly followed. In the meantime,
during the progress of the rebellion, he was awarded a
large governraent conlract to furnish horses. Speaking in
general terms, his farming and trading operations have
been successful. In 1865, however, he invested over
^30,000 in the Nevada Silver Mine, and eventually lost
every dollar of tjie money invested. In 1S70 he opened an
office in Bloomington, IlUnois, and engaged in the business
of -broker and loan agent, nieeting at the outset wilh en
couraging success. Plis business, increasing steadily frora
the coraraenceraent to the present tirae, has now such
extended relations that during the last two years the loans
negotiated araounled lo over a half raillion of dollars. All
loans are secured by trust deed on farras, based upon
security covering at least three times the amount loaned.
In every case no security is accepted without personal
examination, and to this scrupulous investigation is mainly
attributable Ihe absence of difficulties in the coUection of
moneys due, while a case is yet to be recorded where prin
cipal and interest have not been met proraptly at raalurity.
In 1873 he associated with himself as partner W. W.
Tuttle, of Nevv York, the firm-style adopted being Baird &
Tuttle. He was raarried to Annie M. Offutt, daughter of
Urias Oflutl, of Georgetown, Kenlucky.

f cCABE, JOHN, M. D., was bora in Newark, Dela
ware, May 20th, 1824. His father. Dr. Robert
McCabe, a native of Ireland, emigrated to the
United States in l8ig, settiing in Delaware,
where he practised many years. A few years ago
he moved to Mississippi, where he died, in 1874.
John was educated at the Delavv'are CoUege, Newark,
Delaware. Upon relinquishing college life he commeneed
the study of medicine with his father, and graduated from
the Universily of Pennsylvania. He then practised his

profession in New Castle county, Delaware, for six years.
He subsequently moved to Chicago, where he resided for
a period of eighteen raonlhs, and at Ihe expiration of this
tirae located hiraself at Carlyle, Illinois, which has sinee
been his horae. Here he has been engaged in professional
labors for the past twenty years, and has won an admirable
rejiutation as a physician of sterling scientific acquiremenls,
his praclice being extensive and lucrative. He was married
in 1857 to Winifred Langan, of St. Louis.

ILSON, ISAAC G., Lawyer and ex- Judge of the
Thirteenth Illinois, known as the Kane, Circuit,
was bora in Middlebury, Genesee county. New
York, in 1816. His father also was a lawyer and
a, judge, and for many years a representative in
Congress from the Slate of New York. He was
an intimate friend of President Van Buren. When quite
young he eraigrated to New York frora Vermont, where he
studied law under the direction of a near relative, also a
legal practitioner and judge. He was fitted for college at
Wyoming, where ex-Senator Doolittle was his school com
panion, and transferred thence lo Brown University, of
Providence, Rhode Island, where he graduated wilh the
class of 1838. Aniong his classraates at that institution
were Hon. F. A. Jenkes, the originator of the present
bankruptcy law ; Judge Bradly and Judge Morion, of the ^
Sujirerae Court of Massachusetts, and Dr. Robison, now
iPresident of the Brown University. While in college his
falher reraoved to IlUnois and settled in''Chieago, where he
repaired iraraediately after graduation and commenced the
study of law under the guidance of Butterfield & Collens,
then prominent Illinois practitioners. After remaining
wilh thera about one year he entered the Law School of
Carabridge, Massachusetts, and there corapleted his prepara
tion for the bar under ihe instructions of Judges Story and
Greenleaf. In 1841 he was adraitted to the Massachusetts
bar, returned at once to Illinois, and in this Slate began the^
praclice of his profession at Elgin. In 1846 he associated'
himself with WiUiara WUcox, sinee also a judge in Ihat
district. This partnership was continued until 1850, when
his colleague was elevated to the bench. He was first
elected as the party candidate of the Deraocrats, but
eventually the bar and leaders of both parties recognized
his judicial abUity and integrity, and he was repeatedly re
elected, without opposition, continuing to fill the office for a
period of seventeen years. In 1867 he reraoved to Chicago
and coraraenced the practice of law there, organizing the
firra of Wilson, Villette & Sweet, vvhich existed up to the
tirae of the great fire of 1871. He suffered severely by this
disastrous event, which caused the entire loss of his valu
able law library. During that year the firra of Wilson,
Perry & Sturgis was fornied; in 1873, however, the last-
named partner retired, and the firm became Wilson &

388

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Perry, which is still in existence. Allhough a general
practitioner, he has of late years confined his business par
ticulariy to "chancery, and practices in the Uniled Slates
Courts, where he has been notably successful. He possesses
a varied and solid fund of legal learning, is of undisputed
integrity, and is noted for his aversion to needless litigation,
effecting settlements wherever the honor or the interest of
his clients deraands that course. For a nuraber of years he
has been a raeraber of the Unitarian Church. He was
raarried in 1843 to Caroline L. Clark, daughter of Scotto
Clark, an old and highly esteemed raerchant of Boston.
He has five children ; the oldest is engaged in business in
Chicago, Illinois ; a second is a student in the paternal
office.

|,ARY, ERASTUS, President of the Town Council
of Wheaton, IlUnois, was born in Porafret, Con
necticut, April 5tii, 1806. He is the son of Wil
liara Gary and Lucy (Perrin) Gary, of Connecticut.
His father was a farraer. He was educated in
the schools of his native tovvn, and, reared on a
farra, has always been engaged in agricultural pursuils.
He left Connecticut in 1831, and emigrated to Michigan.
In 1832 he removed to Illinois, settling at Wheaton, Du
Page county, where he has since permanently resided. He
was recently elected President of the Town Council of
Wheaton for 1875. For nineteen years he officiated as
Justice ofthe Peace, and fulfiUed every attendant duty vvith
scrupulous integrity and ability. He is an active mover in
all measures designed to further the developraent and wel
fare of his town and fellow-eilizens, and is greatly esteeraed
by the coraraunity araid which he has lived and labored
for so raany years. He was married in 1841 lo Susan A.
Valletle, from Stockbridge, Massachusetts, who died in
March, 1874. His present family consists of three sons
and one daughter.

^UCAT, ARTHUR CHARLES, Insurance Agent,
was born in Dublin, Ireland, February 24lh, 1830,
being Ihe youngest son of M. M. Ducat, Esq., of
Newlawn, counly of Dublin. He received a
thorough scientific education in his native city,
and emigrated to the United States to follow Ihe
profession of a civil engineer. He foUowed this vocation
until tendered the office of Secretary and Chief Surveyor
of the Chicago Board of Underwriters, vvhich he accepted
and filled until ihe breaking out of the Southern rebeUion.
Iramediately after the firing on Fort Surater he raised a
corps of engineers, sappers and rainers, of three hundred
raen, which he first offered lo ihe State of Illinois, and sub
sequently lo the Uniled States authorities; but for sorae
unaccountable reason this corapany of professional engi
neers and skUled soldiers was rejected. Deterrained to

serve in the Union array, he enlisled then as a privale. lie
was mustered in as a soldier of the 12th Illinois Infantry,
at Springfield, in April, 1861, and was among those who
first seized the strategic point of Cairo, and occupied Bird's
Point. The I2lh's first service was in supporting the lale
General Lyon in taking possession of the arsenal at St.
Louis. Ducat's military knowledge and skill was soon
discovered, and within a month of his enlistment he was
commissioned as Second IdeutenanI, with the appoinlraent
of Adjutant of the regiment, and upon the re-enlistment of
the regiment for three years he was chosen Captain of
Corapany A. The i2lh formed part of the brigade which
first occupied Kentucky, taking possession of Paducah in
August, 1861, vvhere Ducat was apjioinled Major of the
regiment. This conimand was in the rear of Columbus at
the time of Grant's first battle al Belmont, and was engaged
in the reconnoissance of Fort Henry and in the attack on
Ihat stronghold and Fort Donelson. For gallantry displayed
in Ihe capture of Ihe latter fort Ducat received special men
tion in general orders. In April, 1862, he was appointed
Lieulenant-Colonel of the regimenl, and wilh his command
participated in all the battles of the Mississippi campaign,
in the memorable affair of Pittsburgh Landing, and in the
advance on Corinth. In August, 1862, he was apjioinled
lo Ihe coraraand of the grand guards, pickets, and outposts
of the array at Corinth, and vvas attached as senior officer
on the staff of General Ord-, serving in that capacity at Ihe
battle of luka. Upon the assuraption of the coraraand of
the army by Major-General Rosecrans, Ducat was ordered
to his staff, in command of grand guards and outposts, and
at the battle of Corinlh, and during the pursuit of the enemy,
he served as senior aide, being warmly coraraended by his
superior officers for his efficiency and braveiy. Prior lo
this battle he received from General Grant the appointment
of Inspector-General of the 2d Division of the District of
West Tennessee, but preferred Ihe active though more
dangerous duties of the field. Subsequentiy he was di
rected to conduct a flag of truce to the eneray at Holly
Springs, Mississippi, necessitating a march of sixty miles
through a country swarming wilh guerillas. He succeeded
in his mission. Upon the order assigning General Rose
crans to the command of the Army of the Ohio, Colonel
Ducat vvas directed to accompany hira, with the rank of
Chief of Staff. He rendered important services in Ihc work
of reorganizing that army, and in its advance lo NashviUe,
when the siege of the eneray was raised and railway com-
niunications frora it to Louisville re-established. When the
late Colonel Garrashe was assigned as Chief of Staff, Ducat
vvas appointed by the War Departraent Inspector-General
ofthe army commanded by General Rosecrans, then known
as the I4lh Army Corps; and after the battie of Slone
River, and Ihe organizalion of the Department ofthe Cura
berland, he became its Inspector-General, in addition lo his
supervision of grand guards, pickets, and outposts. He
organized the Bureau of Inspection in a manner best

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

3^9

adapted for securing efficiency and- discipline in the army,
and through il he becarae very popular wilh the rank and
file. lie served in all the actions and carapaigns of this
army, including the battles of TuUahoraa and Chickaraauga,
until Rosecrans was relieved by Major-General Thoraas,
upon whose staff he became Inspector-General, and acted
in that capacity until 1864. While under this assignment
he raade a daring and brilUant reconnoissance of TuUahoraa
with two companies of cavalry, while his gallantry at
Chickamauga was the subject of special mention in general
orders. In February, 1864, he was compelled reluclantiy
to leave the field, his health having been broken down by
camp dysentery which he contracted at Cairo in 1861. lie
left the service with the respect and the regrets ofthe army,
and General Grant, in a letter dated February igth, 1864,
said : " Lieutenant-Colonel Ducat leaves the service in eon-
sequence of ill-health alone. His services have been valu
able and fully appreciated by all those under whom he has
served, as is shown by the fact that he rose frora the posi
tion of Lieutenant and Adjutant ofhis regiraent to Lieuten
ant-Colonel of it, and finally Inspector-General of the Army
of the Cumberland." Iiis perseverance and powers of
endurance were wonderful. At Corinlh he was in the sad
dle for sixty consecutive hours. He was a gallant leader
of the staff, and no project was too difficult or hazardous to
restrain his daring. Upon returning to civil life, and after
his heallh had been restored, he vvas appointed by the
Horae Insurance Company, of New York, to supervise ils
business in Ohio and Indiana, and subsequently became its
Agent in Chicago. lie was afterwards appointed Agent of
the Manhattan, Howard, and Citizens' Insurance Cora
panies, in New York, in addition to his duties in the sarae
capacity for the Home Insurance Company. Pie is also
Supervising Agent of the latter for the States bf Indiana,
Wisconsin, and Minnesota, and brings to the discharge of
his duties a rare degree of business ability. Though fre
quently solicited to run for public office he has uniformly
decUned. He is the author of " Ducat's Practice of Fire
Underwriting," whieh is regarded as the best standard work
on that subject, and which is adopted as the -inslruclion
book for agents by a raajority of the leading corapanies of
the country.

k ALKER, JAMES M., Lawyer, was bom in Clare
raont, New Harapshire, and is now about fifty-
five years of age. He studied law at Ann Harbor,
in Michigan, and at this point entered upon the
practice of his profession. He removed subse
quently to another portion of Washtenaw county,
in the same State, where he speedily secured a very exten
sive practice, and filled the office of Prosecuting Attorney.
He established his office in Chicago in 1854, al whieh lime
he was the Altoraey of the Michigan Central Railway. He
¦ first occupied an office with James M. Joy, and later Jormed

a legal connection wilh Mr. Sedgwick, entering subsequently
inlo partnership with Wirt Dexler. lie soon after look the
position of Allorney for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railway, an iraportant position, which he still fills with
notable ability. He is -a skilful and leading practitioner,
and, devoted to his profession, spares neither time nor labor
when conducting a case whose importance calls for a lavish
expenditure of both or either. He is also a man of exten
sive reading, endowed with an unerring judgment in the
fine arts, and possesses a varied fund of scholariy attain
ments.

HEATON, WARREN LYON, was born in Pom
fret, Windham counly, Connecticut, March 6lh,
1S12. Pie is the son of James Wheaton, who
died in that tovvn January 2d, 1834, at the age cf
eighty-six years. He was educated at the schools
of Pomfret and at the Woodstock Acaderay.
While in his nineteenth year he engaged in school teaching
during the winter, and in the summer months worked on a
farm. He arrived in Du Page county, IlUnois, June ist,
1837, and spent several months in viewing the North and
Southwest, visiting al that time Chicago, Galena, St. Louis,
Milwaukee, and olher points of interest. The distance then
between the houses, on the road between Galena and
Wheaton, was about thirty railes. Having canvassed the
country, he relurned to his present location, and in June,
1838, look up a claira of six hundred and forty acres.
Being convinced Ihat Chicago would ultimately be the
great entrepot for Western produce, he wrote to his brother
Jesse, who was then working at his trade in Worcester, to
come to the West. The laller complied vvith his instruc
tions, accordingly, and in 1838 secured a claira of Ihree
hundred and twenty acres which Erastus Gary had held in
reserve. During Ihe fall of the sarae year it was discovered
that a raan nanied Knickerbocker laid claira to and had
broken twenty acres on the tract claimed by the Gaiy
brothers, subsequently pre-empted and now owned by Jesse
C. Wheaton. They succeeded, however, in inducing
Knickerbocker to relinquish his claira by paying hira for
the land which he had broken. During the suramer of
1848 he received the nomination of Ihe Democratic party
for the Legislature, was elected, and took an active part in
the attendant session, and also in an extra session called by
the proclamation of the Governor. He served on the Cora
raittee of Township Organization, the first of Ihe kind, and
under Ihat organizalion, in 1850, was elected Supervisor.
The Wheaton brothers adopted a wise plan in building up
Wheaton, by giving a lot promiscuously to any one who
vvould build and improve the ground. When the Chicago
& Galena Railroad was securing the right of way, they gave
gratis the right of vvay through their lands for a distance of
about Iwo railes, in consequence of which the station vvas
named after thera. In 1852, when Professor Lurarey's

39°

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

father and Rev. John Cross, Methodists, came to Wheaton
to secure Ihe necessary funds with whieh to construct a col
lege, to be founded at Wheaton and called the Illinois
Institute, provided $3000 could be raised in the town, Ihe
Wheaton brothers and Erastus Gary guaranteed ihe finding
of this sum, thereby securing to Wheaton the projected
temple of learning. Jesse C. Wheaton, Rev. John Cross,
and A. Chadwick were elected the raerabers of the Building
Coraraittee, and after selecting the present site of the college
grounds the title was secured. The land belonged to W.
M. Dodge, bul was encurabered by a trust deed and was
soon to be sold. The Wheaton brothers proposed to G.
Ploward lo attend Ihe sale, bid off the land, and let the
institute have forty acres at the price per acre that il niight
sell for at the sale, they agreeing to furnish the raoney to
secure the farra. This raeasure accordingly was taken, and
the titie properly secured. Jesse C. Wheaton and J. Cross
then purchased at Batavia the slone for the raain portion
of Ihe structure as il now stands. When ready for occupa
tion its cost amounted to ^10,000, while the subscriptions
amounted only to Joooo. The debt, however, was finally
liquidated, owing raainly to the liberality of the brothers.
Subsequently W. L. Wheaton and Jesse Wheaton gave re
spectively a divided half of sixly acres and a piece of ground
twenty acres in extent to the Du Page County Agricullural
and Mechanical Association. They have also contributed
liberally to various olher enterprises calculated to iraprove
the society and business of Wheaton, and are invariably
prirae movers and generous allies in all raeasures designed
to facilitate the development of the State and increase the
well-being of their fellow-citizens. He was married on
June 25th, 1848, to Laura Rickard, and by her has had the
following children: Warren L., Jr., born June iilh, 1850,
now engaged in farraing wilh his father; Stella C, born
February 13th, 1853, died June gth, 1863; Charles Henry,
born July 201h, 1855, died September Sth, 1856; Lucy E.,
bora February 22d, 1858; Wilbur F., born May I2lh, i860;
Harry, born May 25lh, 1863. The mother of the above
large faniily vvas born June 10th, 1826, in Porafret, Wind
ham county, Connecticut, and died May 2gth, 1863.

NYDER, WILLIAM H., Lawyer, Judge of Ihe
Circuit Court, was born in Sl. Clair counly, Illi
nois, July I2th, 1825. On the paternal side he is
of German extraction, and on his mother's side of
French descent. His raother's connections were
araong the early French settlers, and the first
white people who settled perraanentiy in the State. Iiis
parents' names were Adam W. Snyder and Adelaide Sny
der. Pie was educated at the McKendree College, Leb
anon, Illinois. On leaving school he began the sludy of
lavv under Ihe direction of Governor Koerner, and was
admitted to the bar in 1845. Al the outbreak of the Mexi

can war he entered the service of the United States as First
Lieutenant ofthe 5th Illinois Regiment, serving as Adjutant
of that body. He acted in this capacity for a period of
eighteen months, at the expiralion of which time he was
mustered out of Ihe service. Returning home he began the
practiee of his profession in BeUeville, in which, when not
occupied by official duties, he has since been successfully
engaged. He has always been attached to the Democratic
parly, and in 1845 '^^ appoinled by President Polk Posl
raaster of Belleville. Pie served also for some time as
Justice ofthe Peace. He was a member of the Legislature
for two terms, having been elected in 1850, and again in
1852. For two years he served as State's Attorney of the
Second Judicial Circuit, to which position he had been ap
poinled by Governor Matteson, in the year 1855. In 1857
he vvas elected Judge of the Twenty-fourth Circuit, serving
until June, 1861, when he was elected lo the Constitutional
Convention which convened in i86g. While in the Legis
lature he was a raeraber of the Committees on Revenue and
on the Bill of Rights. He was also Chairman of the Com
raittee on Mines and Mining, and various others of consid
erable importance. In 1873 he was elected Judge of the
Twenty-second Judicial Circuit for a lemi of six years, and
slill holds that position. He was married in June, l85g, to
Jane E. Champion, of Belleville.

NOX, JOSEPH, Lawyer, was born in Blanford,
Massachusetts, in 1805. He studied law with
his brother. General Alanson Knox, in his native
town, and in 1S28 was admitted to the bar. He
reraoved subsequently to Worcester county, in the
same . Stale, and began there the jiraclice of his
profession. In 1837 he removed West wilh his family lo
Stephenson, now Rock Island counly, Illinois, where he
conlinuerl in the jiractice of the law for twenty-three years.
During Ihe greater portion of that period he was associated
with Hon. John W. Drury, under the name of Knox &
Drury, ii firai whose reputation is widesjiread throughout
the entire West. During most of ihe tirae the Rock Island
Circuit embraced about ten adjacent counties, in addition to
practising in all of which, he has practised also in Peoria
and Knox counties, where he met such men as Judges
Purple and Peters, L. B. Knovvllon, and Julius Manning,
who were his associates or competitors in all those districts.
In i860 he reraoved lo Chicago, and soon after was raade
Stale's Allorney, an office vvhich he held for four years,
when it passed by election lo his Ihen partner, the present
incurabent, Charles II. Reed. Since that period he has
been in general practice, and attended constantly by pros
jierity and success. Il was said of him by Judge Elcock:
" lie is the most powerful jury advocate I ever had before
me." Among the various important cases in which he has
been engaged may be mentioned the trial of the murderets

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of Colonel Davenport, at Rock Island, in 1846; the suc
cessful defence, at Iowa City, in 1857, of the nine men
charged with the raurder of Boyd Wilkinson, and which
trial lasted an entire raonth ; the successful defence, in Ihe
United States Court held in Chicago by Justice McLean,
about fifteen years ago, in the case of Ihe owners of Ihe
stearaer " Effie Afton " against Ihe Rock Island Bridge
Company ; the Frink and Walker case ; the liopps murder
trial ; the case against Judge Scales, and many others of
equal iraportance.

lARKER, G. G., M. D., was born in Rutiand,
Meigs county, Ohio, February 1st, i84g. His
parenls also — Daniel Parker and Kale Parker —
were natives of Ohio. He was educated at the
Ohio University, and at the completion of his
aUotted course of studies moved to Indianapolis,
beginning there the study of niedicine under the instructions
of Drs. H. R. Allen and W. J, Johnson, wilh whora he
studied for a period of two years. He then entered the
Medical College of Ohio, and graduated from this institu
tion in 1872. Subsequently he raade Cairo his horae, prac
tising there for some lime in parlnership with his brother,
and afterward alone. Since he fixed upon Cairo as his per
manent place of residence he has succeeded in establishing
a remunerative practice and a good reputation as a skilful
and trustworthy physician. In addition to his large general
praclice he has bestowed especial attention on the treatment
of cases necessitating surgical operations, and in this depart
ment has met with marked success. Apart from his pro
fessional altainraenls, he is also the possessor of a large
fund of varied and scholarly knowledge, derived from
study, observation, and research.

,ELLEY, DANIEL, Dealer in Spanish Merino
Sheep, etc., was born in Danby, Rutland county
Verraont, May 3d, 1818. He is the son of Daniel
Kelley and Mary (Ballard) Kelley. His father,
who died in l85g, was one of the earUer
pioneers and settlers of Vermont, and devoted
himself to the raising of sheep, purchasing in 1826, for
JS800, forty ewes that had been iraported by Crowning
Shield. For raany years, while quite young, Daniel, Jr.,
was intrusted wilh the care of his falher's large flocks. In
1844 he left his horae and settled in Du Page county, Illi
nois, bufe the wild condition of the country at Ihis period
prevented hira frora atterapting sheep raising until 1851.
During Ihat year he experiraenled with a few coarse-wooled
sheep, and in 1852 procured frora his father len ewes and
one buck. Later he procured frora the sarae source one
hundred and nineteen ewes and a second buck, and in 1857
secured one hundred and sixty-three additional ewes.
After the death of his father, in l85g, he returned to Ver-

39 1
inonl, bought the entire stock remaining there, and has
since continued to increase his herds on every favorable
occasion. His sales in one year have araounled to ^12,000,
exclusive of Ihe value of the wool. Pie has taken' first
preraiuras at every State and county fair at which he has
exhibited, while no one has done more Ihan he toward in
creasing the iraportation and breeding of fine wooled Sjian-
ish merino sheep. Since 1S60 he has kept from one
thousand to two thousand two hundred such sheep on his
farm, which consists of about thirteen hundred acres, lying
north of Wheaton. He has been President and Vice-
President of Ihe Illinois Stale Wool Growers' Associalion
sinee its organization, and was one of the organizers and
the first President of the Northwestern Wool Growers'
Associalion, and is now an officer of Ihe Siame assoeiaticn.
Pie was also the first man to establish the fact thjit the insect
known as the " grubbing-head " was deposited alive in the
sheep's nose by the gad-fly, and worked ils way lo the
brain of Ihe sheep, causing great mortality among thera.
The theory advanced and maintained by many was that the
fly deposited the egg, the heat of Ihe body hatching it inlo
life. It was asserted again that it vvas impossible for the
insect to reach the brain of the sheep. He has by dissection
of Ihe sheep's head shown Ihe jiresence of these " grtibbing-
heads " in the brain, and in Ihe same raanner proved Ihe
existence of the insect itself in the gad-fly, showing thereby
that it vvas deposited on the sheep as a living thing, and not
as an egg. He is the largest grower of fine-wooled sheep
in Ihe State of Illinois, and probably the largest operator in
the country also. He was raarried March 3d, 1846, to
Mary PIuls, from Yates county. New York.

EED, CHARLES H., Lawyer, vvas born in Slry-
kersville, Wyoming county. New York, in 1834.
He attended school and worked on a farm during
his younger days, and later taught school and
attended an academy until he enlered Yale Col
lege. He subsequently began the study of the
law, and in 1858 was admitted to the bar in Henry county,
Illinois. Frora that place he removed to Rock Island, and
in i860, in company wilh Hon. Joseph Knox, removed lo
Chicago. He then practised his profession until 1864,
when he vvas elected District Attorney, an office whieh he
still holds. He is a well-read lawyer, reraarkably ener
getic, and as a public prosecutor has evinced the possession
of every needed quality. In addition to his professional
attainments, he is one of the finest classical scholars in the
Northwest. His translations from the Greek have won hira
an enviable reputation as a close and careful student, while
his contributions to general literature stamp him as a writer
of considerable merit. He is universally acknowledged to
be a thorough, efficient, and economical official, while as a
practising lawyer his private business is of large proportions.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA;

jUSH, JOSEPH MERRICK, Lawyer and Jour
nalist, was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Jan
uary l6lh, 1822. He is the son of Daniel B.
Bush, an attorney-at-law; his mother, Maria
(Merrick) Bush, was the daughter of Deacon
Joseph Merrick, of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He
graduated in 1838 at the Williams College, in his native
Stale. He moved subsequently to Pittsfield, Illinois, and
there coramenced the study of law. In 1843 he was ad
mitted lo the bar, and afterward practised his profession for
a period of two years. He Ihen erigaged in farming and
agricultural pursuils, at whieh he continued for fifteen years.
Laler, he purchased Ihe Pike County Democrat, at that time
in a condition far from prosperous, and since his entry inlo
possession of this journal has remained ils editor and pro
prietor. The paper is the official organ of the county. In
187 1 he vvas elected to the State Senate, taking his seat in
the Twenty-seventh Assembly. He was, about fifteen years
ago, appointed by Judge Treat United States Commissioner
for Ihe southern dislrict of Illinois; and has since continu
ously held that office. About fourteen years ago he was ap
poinled by Judge Higher Masler in Chancery, has been re
appointed at every term, the terra being two years, and still
officiates in Ihis position. He was married in March, 1848,
to Mary A. Grirashaw, from Belfast, Ireland.

jJATTISON, JEREMIAH, Merchant and Manu
facturer, was born in Dorchester county. Eastern
Shore of Maryland, July 21st, 1821. Plis parents
were William Pattison and Mary E. (Linlhicora)
Pattison. He was the recipient of a coraraon
school education, and at the completion of his
allotted course of studies learned the trade of a printer, at
which he served an apprenticeship of five years. In 1840
he reraoved to Illinois, and settled in Galena, where he
coramenced mining. Relinquishing this occupation shortly
afterward he secured teraporary eraployraent in a store as
clerk. In 1846 he started from Galena on a peddling expe
dition, and later in Ihe same year settled at Waddam's
Grove, where he opened a general store, which he con
ducted, while also merchandising and farraing, until 1852.
In this year he began the raanufacture of reapers and other
agricultur.al raachines, in partnership with John Ii. Manny
and P. Manny, his father-in-law and brother-in-law. It was
in the early days of reapers and agricultural irapleraents and
their raanufacture was then scarcely more than an experi
ment. In 1852 he relurned to his store, and was occupied
in conducting ils affairs during 1853-54. In Ihe spring of
1855 he disposed of his interest in Ihat enterprise, and
created a new parlnership with Pells Manny as manufac
turers of reapers, etc. In the fall of 1856 he removed to
Lena, and in 1857, under a reconstructed agreeraent wilh
P. Manny, removed the business to Freeport, which, speedily

assuming large and profitable proportions, gave assurance.
of great ultimate success. They then continued it until
1863, in which year the partnership vvas dissolved. In 1864
he removed to Pithole, Pennsylvania, where he speculated
in petroleum, etc., and eventually met with severe losses.
In the fall of the same year he relurned to Freeport, and
engaged in various railroad speculations. In 1866 he be
came the owner, by purchase, of Manny's interest in the
reaper business, and has since continued to own and 'control
ils extensive relations and affairs. His annual sales amount
to about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars worlh of
reapers, mowers, etc. His principal articles of trade and
imjileraents are the Self-raking and Hand-raking Reaper
and Mower combined, the Hand-raking Reaper and Mower
combined, the Victory Walking-wheel Cultivator, the Ad
vance Walking-wheel Cultivator, the Stover Chamjiion
Riding Cultivator, the Western Riding Cultivator, the
P"reeport Fanning-mill, or Grain-separator, the Patent Lever
Hand Corn-sheller, and the Two-horse Farm Wagon. He
was married in l84g to Eliza Manny, daughter of Pells
Manny, then of Waddam's Grove, now of P'reeport, Illinois.

OOT, JAMES P., Lawyer, was born in Madison
county. New York, July 22d, 1830. Frora 1837
to 1840 he lived in Lockport, Illinois, and then
reraoved to Oneida, New York, where he studied
at an acaderay, and subsequently at Seneca Falls,
in the sarae State. His youth was raore or less
spent in work upon a farra, but his studies were maintained
with so much assiduity and success that he soon qualified
himself to teach school. This he did during three winters
and one suraraer, being engaged during the latter period as
a teacher in a select school at Seneca Falls, and at Cayuga.
In the spring of 1851 he coraraenced the study of law wilh
E. W. Dodge, at Oneida Castle. His precejitor, Mr. Dodge,
subsequently becarae a jirominent lawyer in New York city.
His sludies were continued with Hon. James R. Lawrence,
Uniled Slates Attorney, at Syracuse, and upon the removal
of this gentleman from office by President Pierce Mr. Root
entered the office of Hon. Heniy A. Foster, who was ap
pointed his successor, at Rome, New York. Mr. Foster
became the successor of Silas Wright in the United States
Senate, and upon resigning his office as Uniled Stales
Attorney, Hon. S. B. Garvin, of Utica, was appointed in
his place, and Mr. Root became his Chief Clerk. He
assisted Mr. Garvin in raany important actions, araong
which was the faraous " Jerry Rescue case." Mr. Garvin
was an intimate friend of Governor Seymour, and subse
quently removed to New York city, where he was sotm
chosen as District Attorney. On Oclober 2d, 1853, Mr.
Root was admitted to the bar at Syracuse, passing success
fuUy a rigid examination by the full bench, consisting of
Judge Gridley, Ihe "steamboat judge," Judge AUeti, now

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

393

a prominent lawyer of New York, Judge Pratt, now of
Syracuse, and Judge Hubbard. In the spring of 1854 he
came lo Chicago, and enlered the law office of Judd &
Frink, then a leading law firra. Afterwards he became
chief clerk in the office of Blackwell & Beckwith, which
became subsequently the firra of Higgins, Beckwith &
Strother. In Ihe fall of 1855 he opened a law office him
self, and practised alone with encouraging success. On
October 2d, 1856, he raarried, in New York, the daughter
of Rev. Charles Machin, a Presbyterian clergyman at
Verona, New York. In l868-6g he was a partner wilh
Gilbert C. Walker, lale Govern'Or, and now raeniber of Con
gress from Virginia, the firm-name being Root & Walker.
In 1863 he was chosen President ofthe Chicago Law Insti
tute, in the prosperity of which he had always raanifested
great interest. He was reared as a Whig Abolitionist, and
becarae a meraber of the Republican parly after the dissolu
tion of the old Whig organization. He was ii delegate in
the first Republican convention ever held in Chicago, and
ever since his connection vvith that parly has been one of ils
most active and infiuential adherents. In its interest he has
contributed many articles to Ihe press on political questions,
which he discussed in a clear and argumentative raanner.
These contributions bear testimony to his fine literary culture,
and to his capacity as a clear thinker and logical reasoner.
In 1864 he was Secretary of Ihe Republican Slate Central
Coraraittee, succeeding Horace White, and had Ihe princi
pal charge of raanaging the exciting carapaign of that year.
In i86g he was chosen Clerk of the House of Representa
tives at Springfield, and in the following year vvas a candi
date for Ihe nomination for Secretary of Slate, but withdrew,
it being ajiparent that a German should be selected for that
position. He vvas elecled in the following year a member
of the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, from the eity of
Chicago. This was the first session under Ihe new Consti
tution of the Slate Legislalure, and he look a prominent
part in its deliberations. He vvas a candidate for Ihe
Speakership, but failed to secure the election. He was,
however, selected as Teraporary Speaker, and occupied the
chair whenever the perraanent presiding officer vvas absent
or otherwise engaged. In this position he proved hiraself
thoroughly farailiar with parliamentary law. He introduced
at this session the present general incorporation law, other
than for municipal purposes, and vvas prorainent in debate.
In 1872 he vvas ajipoinled County Attorney of Cook county,
and held that office for two years. In the same year he
was President of the State Republican Convention. He
has of late eschewed polilics, confining his attention to his
praclice, which demands all his lime, and observes only a
general interest in the progress of civil affairs. He is a
gentleman of unusual force of character, and of positive
opinions, which gain him far more friends than eneraies.
He is a thoroughly read lawyer, acquainted vvith all branches
of the science of law, and enjoying naturally a large general
practiee. Faithful to the interests of his clients he prepares
53

their cases wilh the utraost care, anticipates all surprises, and
argues thera wilh a perspicuity and power vvhich few raen
can surpass. He is a lover of literary pursuits, is a close
student of history, and has secured a fine collection of valu
able miscellaneous works. During the winter of 1875-76
he delivered a series of lectures before Ihe Union College
of Law, among which are the four respectively entitled
"Parliamentary Law," "The Power of the Slate over Ihe
Property of the Citizen," "An Abstract of Title," and
" Corporations."

NYDER, WILLIAM Ii., Cashier of the Mer
chants' National Bank at Galena, Illinois, was
born in New York city, January 1st, 1814. His
parents were Jacob Snyder and Fanny (Dodge)
Snyder. In 1835 he reraoved lo Galena, Illinois,
and secured eraployraent there as clerk in a mer
cantile house. In 1844 he became Cashier in the private
banking house of Jaraes Carter & Co., in the sarae place.
In 1865 the Merchants' National Bank was established, he
being intimately and iraportanlly connected wilh its prorao
tion, and he vvas raade the Cashier of this institution, a
position he still retains. For a period extending over thirty
years he has officiated as Cashier in Galena, and in this tirae
has deservedly acquired an enviable reputation as an
authority in banking affairs and financial raatters.

RIGGS, SAMUEL C, Publisher and Bookseller,
was born in Tolland county, Connecticut, being
the son of a prorainent farraer. Until the age of
fourteen his inslruclion, beyond Ihal received frora
his parenls, was conducted in Ihe district school,
but from this jieriod until his nineteenth year
he had the advantage of a scholastic education in various
academies and seminaries, and at Ihe tirae of abandoning
his arduous studies, by reason of failing heallh, had pre
pared for his third year in coUege. During his collegiate
Iraining he was a corapetitor for all the jirizes offered to his
class, and was unifonnly successful, whether Ihe test was of
classical erudition, logic, or of the exact sciences. Upon
ceasing his academic studies he established himself when
twenty years old, in the book trade in liamilton, Nevv York,
the present seat of Madison University, and remained here
successful in business for six years, when he went to
Chicago and entered inlo parlnership with Mark H. New
man, a Nevv York publisher, superintending the business of
a britnch of the New York house. His first year's sales
amounted to JS23,ooo, but he conducted the business with so
much skill and enlerprise that its transactions gained rapidly
in number and value, and within a decade aggregated
nearly a miUion of doUars. He first started in 1848 at No.
Ill Lake street, but the increasing demands of his business

394

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

eventually compelled his removal to a fine establishment
at Nos. 3g and 41 on the sarae thoroughfare. This great
trade very soon came under his own control, and he gave
it his exclusive attention, until ils expanding proportions
made this a too taxing labor; and after sorae years he
took into partnership E. L. Jansen, D-. B. Cook, A. C.
. McClurg, and F. B. Sraith. In this prosperous business
iMr. Griggs found a corapensation for the loss of the
advantages of a complete collegiate course ; and his
matured literary taste and culture fixed their indicia upon
. the works which were placed upon the shelves of his
establishraent. Pie soon secured the vvell-meriled position
as the leading book raerchant in the Northwest. During
his European tour he forraed the actjuaiiilance of raany
of Ihe leading publishers of England, France, and Ger
many, principal among them being Henry G. Bohn, the
veteran John Murray, Mr. Rutledge, and Messrs. Black
wood & Sons. The American Literary Gazette and Pub
lishers' Circular said of him : " His inteUigence, enter
jirise, integrity, and many estimable qualities, have acquired
for him a pojiularily not derived from any factitious cir
cumstances, but a permanent and spontaneous tribute to
his merit." He is a gentleman of Uberal impulses, public-
spirited as a citizen, and conscientious as a churchman,
and has won the lasting respect of the community for his
blameless business and social life.

'HOMAS, WILLIAM, Canal Superintendent, was
bora in Bristol, Ontario county. New York,
February 20lh, 1821; being the son of SUas
Thoraas, a well-known millwright. He com
menced quite early to attend the coramon schools
of his native place, and vvhen quite young the
care of his raother's faraily devolved Largely upon hira.
lie began upon mechanical vvork in his father's business
when twelve years of age ; and vvhen fifteen, reraoved with
the household to Grass Lake, Jackson counly, Michigan,
where he largely aided in clearing a new farm in a wild
region of country vvhich showed few signs of civilization.
When this vvork was corapleted, and the tract of land was
in a condition to be profitably cultivated, he returned East
to York, Livingslon counly. New York, where, in 1S40,
he vvas apprenticed to a carpenter. He was then nineteen
years of age, and he served at this trade two years in York,
and one year in Bristol. During this time he improved
his intellectual condition by close and meditative reading,
acquiring a substantial and practical education, especially
in that line of study which he deemed would be most
advantageous to his calling in after life. On February
22d, 1S44, he was married lo Phoebe D. AVildie, of Bristol,
a lady of raany accomplishments. Pie followed his trade
as carpenter for fourteen years in Bristol, New York, and
., in 1:54 came West, spending considerable lirae in Cook

and Will counties, Illinois, in the latter of which he pur
chased a farra. Returning lo Bristol, he re-engaged in his
trade until 1857, when he reraoved to Lockport, Illinois,
and continued it there. He was employed on the Illinois
& Michigan Canal, then in process of completion, in Ihe
capacity of bridge builder; and in the fall of 1857 he was
placed in charge of the repair shop of the canal, localed
in Lockport. Here he reraained in the discharge of his
duties, which were raost acceptably rendered, until 1862,
when he was appointed Assistant Superintendent of the
West Division of Ihe Canal, the head-quarters of which
were at Ottawa, Illinois. He filled this responsible station
wdth so much satisfaction to Ihe management, that on
Deceraber Ist, 1871, he was promoted to the office of
General Superintendent of the IlUnois & Michigan Canal,
and holds that position al the present-time, his office being
at Lockport. For many years he has been a contractor
and bridge builder on a large scale, and has achieved an
honorable distinction as an engineer. The construction
of the short canal around the rapids of Rock river, at
Camden, IlUnois, in 1 87 1, was under his entire supervision.
This new cut connected the coal fields of Coal Valley
directiy with the Mississippi river, affording a short and
easy outlet for the products of the mines. Pie is, in addi
tion, one of the Directors of the La Salle County Savings,
Loan, and Trust Company of Ollawa, and ably p<arlieipates
in the raanageraent of that substantial institution. He has,
Ihrough his own industry, his large executive abilily as a
supervising engineer, his fine capacity as mechanician, and
his unflagging perseverance, without any adventitious aids,
worked himself, in the direct line of his original trade, to
a position of great importance and responsibility. He has
secured the general esteera of the people with whora he
has been brought in contact, not alone by his skill and
integrity, but through the influence of the most pleasing
of social traits

ATES,' GEORGE C, Lawyer, was born in Canan
daigua, Nevv York, in 1814. He commenced
the study of law in the office of Hon. John C.
Spencer, under whose instructions he remained
during the ensuing three years. In 1834 he
removed to Detroit, and was there admitled to
the bar. He speedily secured an extensive coUecling
Jiractice, comprising a large portion of Indiana and North
ern Illinois. In 1841 he was appointed United States
District Allorney by General Harrison, hut at the dealh
of Ihe latter resigned his office. He was reappointed to
the same position by Taylor, and held Ihe office until 1852,
when he resigned and went to California, filling there the
position of assiilant counsel in governraent cases. Five
years laler he relumed to Detroit, having .accuraulated a
large fortune during his residence in California. In 1861
he moved to Chicago, and since has resided permanently

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

395

in Ihis city, occupied constantly by professional duties. He
was admitted to Ihe bar contemporaneously with Hon.
Thomas Hoyne and the lale Judge Manierre, of Chicago,
ancl is one of the oldest members of the bar in the West.
While his line of practice is general, he has been con
nected considerably with revenue and admiralty matters.

' EWETT, JOPIN N., Lawyer, was born in Maine,
and is novv about- forty-five years of age. While
very young he reraoved to Wisconsin ; subse
quently returned to the East, however, and gradu
ated at Bowdoin CoUege. lie afterward came
West again, and sludii.d law at Galena, Illinois.
lie removed to Chicago in 1857, and there formed a part
nership with Scales & McAllister. As a lawyer, he is a
general practitioner, able in every dejiartment. He pos
sesses unusual powers of analysis, is often pungent, severe,
and sarcastic in his arguments, and is gifted wilh apparently
exhaustless resources in the conduct of a case. At the
present time he is Attorney for the Illinois Central Rail
way, and has served as a member of the Slate Senate.

VES, SIMEON P., M. D., was born in Ihe Slate
of New York, November lolh, 1818. His
parents, natives of Vermont, settled in New York
in the early part of this century. His father was
Alraon Ives, his mother Nancy Ives. Simeon
was educated at the Douglass College, in Gran
ville, Illinois. After leaving school, entertaining the pur
pose to become a minister, he commenced the study of
theology under the direction of Rev. J. M. Talnian, of
Pavilion, with whora he reraained for a period of two
years. Upon being called to the rainistry, he supplied the
Plainfield Baptist Church for six years, and the Blooraing
ton Baptist Church for four years. While in Plainfield, an
addition of sixty was raade to Ihe membership ; while in
Bloominglon, the list vvas increased by seventy-five fresh
members, those additions being atlribulable solely lo the
influence and tireless efforts of the pastor. While in the
latler place, he began to carry inlo effect an intention whieh
had always been in his mind, been, in fact, .i settled pur
pose wilh hira frora an eariy day, naraely, the praclice of
raedicine. When his service carae to a close at Blooraing
ton, he enlered accordingly upon a course of medical
studies under Ihe instructions of Dr. E. B. Roe ; attending
lectures subsequentiy at the Sl. Lotus Medical College,
from which institution he graduated. While pursuing his
sludies, he engaged in the practice of his profession at
Sl. Louis, where he resided for six years. He then
moved to Anna, Illinois, where he has permanently resided

during the past seven years, his praclice embracing the
raajor portion of ihe comraunily. Also, while here, he
has officiated at the Jonesboro' Baptist Church for Iwo
years, but eventuaUy, owing to Ihe pressure of professional
duties, was obliged to sever his connection with the
church. A main feature of his jiractice here has been his
success in treating cases of cerebro-spi-nal-meningitis, which,
at one tirae, had becorae alraost an epideraic. His raode
of treatment differed so materially frora that followed by
other physicians, and his success vvas so great, that his
reputation was at once established, and an extensive busi
ness secured. He has been twice elecled Coroner of
Union county, and twice appointed County Physician.
He is also a Director of the Egyptian Paint Company, a
mineral paint found in Union county. He was married
March 251h, 1838, to Martha P. Ashley, of New York,
and has had five children — three boys, one a practising
Jihysician, the olher Iwo being mechanics.

RADWELL, JAMES B., Lawyer, was born in
England, in 1828, and vvas broughl lo the United
.States wben but sixteen months old. In 1834
his family removed lo Illinois, and since that
tirae he has resided constantiy in the West and
South. He began the study of law in Mera.phis,
and was adrailted to the bar in Chicago in 1853. He
served as Probate Judge for a period of eight years, and,
while holding this position, collected a library of probate
law that is second to but one or two in this counlry. In
his knowdedge of probate law, especially, he has no
superior.

."il^EKETE, ALEXANDER, M. D., was bora at
^..^'JlW Buda-Pesth, Hungary, Deceraber 2d, 1827. He
?J 1: '; is the son of Joseph Fekete and Elizabeth Fekete,
fj?s4) natives of Plungary. He attended the University
J'^^J of Vienna, where he received his literary educa
tion and began also the study of medicine. In
1848 the memorable Hungarian revolution took place, and
in this he became ,an active participant. Leaving the uni
versity, he returned to his home and becarae a rneniber of
the army, holding the position of First Lieutenant, priraarily
in the Vienna Legion, subsequently araong the Riflemen.
In i84g he vvas taken prisoner by the Russian allies of
Austria, and after remaining in confinement for a period of
Ihree months was turned over to the Austrians, frora whora
he finally escaped inlo Turkey. He afterward joined Kos
suth, and with hira travelled through France and England.
In advance of that famous officer he arrived in America,
making New York city his home for Iwo years, engaging
there in the drug business. He Ihen went west as far as St.

39S

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Louis, where he found employment as clerk in a drug store.
He continued in the meanlirae the study of medicine, and
ultimately graduated from the Sl. Louis Medical College.
Later he removed to Illinois, and until the outbreak of the
rebellion practised his profession in several counties of this
State. He . then enlered the array as an Assistant Acting
Surgeon in the 5lh M. S. M. Cavalry, and was proraoted to
the rank of Surgeon, serving until the close of the war in
1865. He settled ultiraately in East Sl. Louis, Illinois, and
there engaged in the practice of raedicine. For two years
he filled the position of Assistant County Physician of St.
Clair counly for East St. Louis. Since his residence here
he has succeeded in building up a large practice, while his
reputation pla'ees him aniong Ihe leading physicians of the
counly. He was raarried in 1855 to Kate Fisher, of Ken
tucky.

'ICKEY, HUGH T., Lawyer, and Judge of the
Seventh Judicial Circuit of Illinois, was born in
New York city. May 30th, 1812, being the son
of Robert Dickey, a raerchant. His mother was
a daughter of Dr. George Brown, an eminent
physician of Baltiraore, and an aluranus of Dublin
College. He w^as educated in Ihe coraraon schools, and
when eight years old becarae quite proficient in the various
English branches, and commenced the sludy of the French
and English languages. When fourteen he became a fresh
man in Colurabia College, New York, and upon completing
a four years' course, graduated vvith distinguished honors in
a class of thirty. After his college career he commenced
the study of law with Charles Graham, Esq., a distinguished
raember of the Nevv York bar, and reniained under the pre
ceptorship of this lawyer four years, vvhen he was adraitted
to practice. He then became Mr. Graham's assistant, and
filled that position until 1836, vvhen he went West, arriving
in Chicago during the suraraer of that year. lie remained
but a short time, however, returning again East, remaining
in Nevv York until the suraraer of 1838, vvhen he carae back
to Chicago and determined to make that Ihe place of his
residence. He entered into partnership vvith Edward G.
Ryan, a lawyer with whom he had been acquainted in New
York, and Ihis partnership continued until Ihe spring of
1841, vvhen Mr. Ryan established the Chicago Tribune, anA
the firm was dissolved. Frora this time Mr. Dickey con
tinued the practiee of the law alone, having already achieved
high reputation as a sound lawyer, and an able as well as a
brilUant advocate. In 1842 Hon. Theophilus W. Smith,
one of the Supreme Judges of the Slate, resigned his posi
tion on the bench, and Mr. Dickey vvas recomraended by
the Chicago bar and by a large raeeting of citizens to the
Legislature Ihen in session, as a man suitable in all respects
to fill the vacancy. The choice of the Legislalure, however.
Was lion. Richard N. Young, much to the disappointment
of Mr. Dickey's nuraerous friends. In the years 1843-44 he

filled the position of Member of Common Council, being
one of the Aldermen representing the first ward of Chicago,
and while acting in Ihis.capacity served as Chairman on Ihe
Coramittee on Schools, and projected and carried out the
present system of leasing the real estate belonging to the
Chicago school fund for terras of years, especially the valu
able block lying between Slate and Dearborn, Madison and
Monroe streets, which was at his suggestion subdivided and
leased upon terras which rendered it far more profitable to
Ihe school fund than it had ever been before. His mature
judgraent was relied upon in all raatters of municipal legis
lation during his incumbency of the office of Alderman.
He kept up his practice until the spring of 1845, when he
was presented to the Legislature of the State for election lo
the Judgeship of the Cook County Court, now the Superior
Court of Chicago. This was a court created by the Legisla
ture at that session, having but one judge instead of three as
at present, and possessing concurrent jurisdiction wilh the
Circuit Court. He was unanimously elected for this office,
and enlered upon his judicial duties during the same spring,
and soon gave public demonstration of his complete qualifi
cation for that responsible office. By act of Asserably he
was made ex-officio Judge of the Jo Daviess Counly Court.
His duties were arduous, but were performed by him wilh
skill and fidelity and to the fullest acceptance of the people.
From this position he was proraoted to the Judgeship of the
Seventh Judicial Circuit, composed then of eight counties,
being norainated by the Deraocrats and being unanimously
elecled, the Whigs having made no opposition. He vvas
chosen to Ihis office at the first judicial eleclion held under
the present constitution, the people having prior thereto no
direct voice in the selection of the judiciary. During his
incurabency Ihe circuit was divided, all the counties save
Cook and Lake being set off by theraselves in consequence
of the increase of legal business naturally resulting from the
rapid growth of Chicago- and the surrounding country. This
was the last public office held by him, and he vvas compelled
lo resign ils duties in the spring of 1S53, before the expira
tion of his term, owing to the pressure of his privale busi
ness. He is an enterprising and public-spirited citizen of
Chicago, and has at all times taken a deeji interest in all
that concemed the moral and material welfare of the eity.
He was married in 1850 to Fanny Russell De Koven,
daughter of the late Henry L. De Koven, of Middleton,
Connecticut, by whom hc had three children. He is a lead
ing raeraber of the Protestant Episeojial church, and is
liberal in his support of all charitable movenients. During
the sumraer of 1865 he and his faniily started on a tour of
Great Britain and Continental Europe, where they remained
two years. Judge Dickey earned on the bench the reputa
tion of a jurist soundly learned in all branches of the law,
and his decisions are all models not alone of concise inter
pretation and exhaustive legal research, but of perspicuous
logic and unassailable conclusions. Pie is a gentleman who
carries with him the respect of the entire community.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

397

fARTRIDGE, JASPER, Attorney-at-L£iw and Op
erator in Real Estate, was born in Trumbull
county, Ohio, March 29th, 1832. His father,
David Partridge, a native of Vermont, moved
with his parents first lo the Slate of New York,
and afterward to that of Ohio, which finally be
came his horae, and vvhere he engaged in the prosecution
of his trade, that of carpenter. His mother was a native of
Ohio. lie vvas educated in the common schools located in
the vicinity of his birthplace. Upon relinquishing school
life he worked at the trade of carpenter until he had attained
his twentieth year. He then taught school at intervals
during the ensuing three or four years, and in the meantime
applied himself lo the study of law. In Virginia, which
State he raade his horae, he was adraitted to the bar. He
subsequently removed lo Illinois, settling at Centralia,
where he engaged in Ihe praclice of his profession. At the
expiration of one year he moved to Mt. Vernon, and asso
ciated hiraself in partnership with Richard Nelson, a con
nection whieh continued until l86i. At this time he en
tered the service of the United States as Captain of the 44th
Regiment of Illinois Infantry, whieh was the first organized
company in Jefferson county. He served through the war
and was almost constantly engaged in active service. He
was a participant at Ihe battles of Pea Ridge, Arkansas;
Stone River, Tennessee ; and took part in the many other
actions in which Ihe regiraent was engaged, until the expira
tion of his terra of service wilh this body. In Sejitember,
1864, he was appoinled Lieutenant-Colonel of the I52d
-Regiraent of Illinois Volunteers, and acted in that capacity
until September, 1865, when he was mustered out of Ihe
service. This regiment was engaged in Tennessee exclu
sively {vide " History of the 44th," in the Adjutant-Gen
eral's report). At the close of the vvar he relumed to Mt.
Vernon, and resuming ihe practice of his profession, resided
there until December, 1866. Ultimately he removed to
Carrai, which has since been his horae, and vvhere he is
occupied in conducting a large and laborious practiee. In
addition to his law business, he has been engaged exten
sively in real estate speculations, and is Ihe owner of large
tracts of lands. He was married in 1869 lo Mary C. Fitz
gerald, of Fairfield, Illinois.

MAWLEY, JAMES ANDREW, County Clerk of
Dixon, Illinois, was born in Webster, Monroe
county. New York, August 20th, 1830. He is
the son of Jaraes Hawley and Sarah (Stratton)
Hawley. His. education was obtained at the
Monroe Acaderay, and at the Genesee Wesleyan
Seminary. On leaving school in 1848 he became engaged
In leaching, an avocation which he pursued untU 1851. In
this year he went into the store of Wanzer, Beardsley & Co.,
-publishers, as clerk, and continued with them in that

capacity until 1855. He then commenced to travel as Gen
eral Agent for the Stale of Illinois, for A. S. Barnes cS: Co.,
and Ivison, Phinney & Co., book publishers, bolh of New
York city, for Ihe introduction into that State of the school
books of these firms. He was intrusted vvith the general
management of the agency, and employed a large staff of
canvassers, who were subject lo his orders. In 1858 he
settled in Dixon, Illinois, and opened here a book and sla-
tionery store, but disposed of his interest in the establish
ment in 1861. From 1857 to i85g he officiated as School
Commissioner. In the fall of 1861 he was elected Counly
Clerk of Dixon, and has since continued to fill Ihis office,
having been continuously re-elected. In 1863 he was
elected a School Director, and .served for a period of ten
years; also for several years he officiated as Presideni of the
Board. lie is very prominent in ihe Masonic order, having
been in 1871-72 Grand High Priest of the Royal Arch
Chapter of State, while in 1873-74 he was Grand Master
of the Grand Lodge of the Stale of Illinois, and in 1874
Grand Coraraander of Knights Teraplar for the sarae Slate.
The holding of these three offices by one man is unusual
and noteworthy.

[|(p DAMS, JOHN, Manufacturer, was born in 1813,
at Washington county, Pennsylvania. His parenls
were Martin Adaras and Margaret (Irvin) Adaras.
He was educated in the coraraon school located
in Ihe neighborhood of his home, and al the com
pletion of an aUotted course of sludies, learned
the trade of carpenter. In 1828 he returned lo Cincinnati,
where he reniained until 1833. In 1834 he raoved to New
Orleans, and there for a short lirae worked at his trade. In
the sarae year he went to Boston, and was present at the
burning, by a raob, of the nunnery at Charleston Heights,
near Boston, in July, 1834. In the course of the succeeding
ten or eleven years he vvas raoving conslanlly frora place to
place, reraaining perraanentiy in none of the cities visited.
Frora New York city he went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
and thence in 1836 to Mobile. From this city he raoved to
Sl. Louis ; thence to Pekin, IlUnois river ; and from there to
Peoria, in the same Stale. In 1845 he visited Galena, and
there obtained a situation with Isaac Evans, a plough manu
facturer. In 1847 he vvas adrailted as a partner in the estab
lishment, the firm-style becoming Evans & Adaras. Laler
in the sarae year he becarae the son-in-law of his associate.
In 1865 Isaac Evans retired, leaving to him the entire busi
ness. The production averages about fifteen hundred
ploughs per annura, but has reached as high a point as Ihree
thousand five hundred. The principal markets are the
Northwestern district and California, also Minnesota, Wis
consin, Iowa and Illinois. He is one of the largest manu
facturers in this section, and respected as an energetic and
trustworthy business man. He vvas raarried in 1847 to a
daughter of Isaac Evans.

398

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

<'i^

, /^ LDRIDGE, GENERAL HAMILTON N., Law
yer, was born in Soulh Williamstown, Berkshire
counly, Massachusetts, and is now about forty-
one years of age. His father, engaged formerly
in farming, served in the United Stales army
during Ihe war with Mexico, holding the rank
of Colonel. HamUton vvas fitted for college al East Hamp
ton, in Massachusetts, entered the Williaras College in
1852 and graduated four years later, taking the first prize
of his class for elocution. He began the study of law
under the direction of Judge Ira Harris and his brother,
Hamilton Harris, in Albany, Nevv York, and graduated at
the Law School in Ihe same place in 1857. He came lo
Chicago in the course of the sarae year, and remained tem-
jiorarily in Ihe office of Baker & Hyatt, afterward cora
raencing Ihe practice of the law on his own account. In
1858 he forraed a partnership wilh F. W. Tourtellotte,
wilh whora he has been since conslanlly associated under
the narae of Eldridge & Tourtellotte. In 1862 he entered
the volunteer service as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 1271I1
Illinois Infantry, three weeks laler -took command of the
regiment, and wdlhin the year was appoinled to the
Colonelcy. At the battie of Arkansas Post he and his
force were the first lo step inside the Confederate works,
and at Ihe battles before Vicksburg, in May, 1863, after all
the color-guard had been shot down, he took the colors
and led his regiment, an act of gallantry for vvhich he vvas
ni.ade Brevet Brigadier-General. Sinee his retirement
from mUitary Ufe he has devoted hiraself assiduously and
successfully lo the practice of the legal profession. His
practice and ihat of his firra is a general one, erabracing
every variety of cases. He has been engaged in many
highly important cases, aniong which Ihe most notorious
one was Ihe suit of Amanda J. Craig against Elisha C.
Sprague for breach of promise, and in whieh his firm ob-
t lined the largest verdict ever known in suits for damages —
o.ie hundred thousand dollars.

'OURTELLOTTE, F. W., Lawyer, was born in
Windham counly, Connecticut, and is about
thirty-eight years of age. He is a descendant
of the old French Huguenot stock, his ancestors
having been driven frora their native country lo
America in the seventeenth century by reason
of religious persecution and intolerance. He received a
thorough classical and scientific education in the best
schools of his native State and also of Massachusetts. He
graduated subsequently, with high honors, at the Albany
Law Universily, and soon after, in 1857, reraoved to Joliet,
Illinois, and there entered on the practice of his profession.
In the following year he reraoved to Chicago and formed a
law partnership vvith General H. N. Eldridge, where he
has since remained in active practice, having succeeded in

the meantime in establishing and maintaining an extensive
and remunerative legal business. During the war of the
rebelUon he was elecled Major of the 127th Regimenl of
Illinois Volunteers, but was compelled, much against his
wishes, to decline the commission. He has never been a
partisan politician, and has always steadily refused all
official patronage. He is in the general practice, making a
specially as yet of no particular branch of the law, unless it
be coraraercial law and cases arising under insurance and
bankrupt laws. In the Circuit Courls of Ihe Uniled States,
in the Courts of Admiralty, in the various courls of the Stale
and before a jury he is equaUy ready, efficient and pains
taking, and seldom fails to bring his cases to a satisfactory
issue. In the management of the faraous case of Craig ot.
Sprague for breach of promise, whieh lesulled in a verdict
for the plaintiff of one hundred thousand dollars, he took
an active and prominent part, and with his firm, Eldridge
& Tourtellotte, achieved a result whieh, in the whole
record of litigation, remains, in its kind, wholly unsur
passed and rarely equalled.

li'OCKWOOD, HON. SAMUEL DRAKE, Judge
of the Suprerae Court of Illinois, was born in
Poundridge, Westchester county. New York, on
August 2d, I78g. When he was ten years old
his falher died, and his mother was left wilh
three young children and with bul slender means
for their support. By this event his plans for a liberal edu
cation were broken up and he vvas Ihrovvn very much upon
his own resources. In 1803 he went to Waterford, New
York, to live with his uncle, Francis Drake, a lawyer, and
remained in his faniily as assistant and law student until
February, 1811, when he vvas licensed to practise law, and
opened an office in Batavia, New York. Next year he re
moved to Auburn, and continued in practice until the fall
of 1818, holding during a part of that time the office of
Master in Chancery. His constitution, never very strong,
seeraed now so broken by disease and the exhaustion of in
cessant application to business that his physician advised
hira to abandon his profession for the present and engage
in some out-door employment. This advice, together with
the glowing accounts of the great "far West" then preva
lent, induced him to seek his future horae in the new Slate
of Illinois, and on October iglh, i8l8, in corapany wilh
Ihe late William H. Brown and others, he started on his
western trip, finally settling at Carmi, lUinois, deeming it
a favorable point for the practice of his profession. At the
second session of the Illinois Legislalure, whieh was held
al Vandalia in 1 82 1, he vvas elecled Attorney-General of
Ihe State, and his acceptance of this office rendering anolher
change of residence necessary he selected Edwardsville.
In 1823 he was, very unexpectedly to himself, nominated
by Governor Cole Secretary of Slate, but soon afterwards

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

399

he was greatly surprised by receiving from President
Monroe a coraraission appointing him Receiver of Public
Moneys at the land office in Edwardsville. This commis
sion was, in itself as unexpected as it was unsought, and
the salary of Secretary being small while Ihat of Receiver
was liberal, and had attached lo it a percentage on re
ceipts. These considerations induced hira to resign the
forraer office and accept Ihe latter. At the next session of
the Stale Legislature, 1824-25, he was elected Judge of the
Suprerae Court of the Stale ; and, although he was nomi
nated against his expressed wdshes, he accepted the position
and held it until the State Conslilution of 1848 came into
operation, under vvhich new judges were elecled by the
people. In 1826 he vvas married to Mary Virginia Nash,
of St. Louis county, Missouri, the amiable and excellent
wife who now raourns for hira, and whom he so long loved
and adraired. In i82g he removed to Jacksonville, and in
1853 from Ihence to Batavia, Kane counly, where he died.
He vvas sent from Morgan county as delegate to the Con
stitutional Convention of 1848, in whieh he was Chairraan
of the Coraraittee on the Executive. In 1851 he was ap
pointed by the Legislature Trustee of Ihe Land Depart
ment of the IlUnois Central Railroad, and as such he acted
until his death. The place he occupied in the history of
Illinois is indicated by the numerous offices of high position
and trust which have been conferred upon him and held by
hira for over half a century, despite his distaste -for every
thing like office-seeking, and never pulling hiraself forward
for any official post. In the anti-slavery controversy over
the question of a Slate convention in 1823 he took an
active part, and contributed materially to Ihe support and
-editorial efficiency of Ihe Edwardsville Spectator, one of the
two papers that took. decided ground for freedora in the
State of Illinois. Though never an active partisan, he was
fully identified wilh the Whig party till 1855, when he
wilh the majority of that section in politics helped to form
the Republican party. It is to be specially noted that
raany of the offices he held were conferred upon hira by
adrainistrations with whora he was not in political sym
pathy. In Governor Ford's " liistory of Illinois,'' the
following appears in reference to Judge Lockwood : " In
1820 was fought the first and last duel in Illinois. One
of the parties fell mortally wounded ; the olher vvas tried
and convicted of raurder, and suffered the extrerae jienally
of the law by hanging. Judge Lockwood vvas then State
Attorney and prosecuted the case. To his talents and
success as a prosecutor the people are indebted for this
eariy precedent and example, vvhich did more Ihan is
generally known to prevent the barbarous praclice of duel
ing from being introduced into the Slate." Also in Ihe
chapter on a somewhat bitter controversy that occurred
between Ihe executive and Ihe judicial departments of the
Stale, in 1840, -Governor Ford says : " It is due to truth to
say that Judges Wilson and Lockwood were in every
respect amiable and accomplished gentlemen, and cora

raanded the esteem and respect of all good men for the
purity of iheir conduct and their.probity in official station."
In 1826-27, wilh Judge Smith as coadjutor, he presented a
revision of a considerable portion of the Slate laws to the
Legislalure then in session, jirepared in accordance wilh
the instructions of their predecessors, and Ihese laws have
been received as standard in every revision since. Judge
Lockwood vvas an excellent lawyer, a man of sound judg
ment, and his face indicated uncommon purity, raodesty
and inteUect, together wilh energy and deterraination, and
forraed the true index of his character. Any account of his
services to the State whieh would fail to notice his con
nection with ils educational, benevolent and religious in
terests vvould fall far short of doing him justice. As eariy
as his residence in Auburn (1812-18) he was so identified
with the religious interest there as to be appointed one of
the Trustees of the Presbyterian Church. In 1815 was
formed the Cayuga County Bible Society, the first organ
ized in the State of Nevv York, two years before the Ameri
can Bible Society, and Judge Loc-kwood's name appears as
one of the originators and directors, of whom he vvas the
last survivor. The stand he look, as these incidents indi
cate, he maintained through life. His influence and liber
ality were extended toward promoting Ihe scheme which
resttlled in Ihe establishment of the Illinois College, and he
secured ils location at Jacksonville, where are also three
other State institutions vvhich he look an active part in
organizing — the Asylums for the Deaf and Dumb, Ihe
Blind and Ihe Insane — and was on the first board of trustees
of -each, besides being President of the Board of College
Trustees. In every place where he resided in the Slate his
influence has been indeed a strong, steady, and reliable
power for good, always on Ihe side of freedora, teraperance,
raorality, and the raain-spring of thera all — Christianity.
For the last Iwenly-one years of his \\fe Judge Lockwood
resided in Batavia, in honored old age enjoying his quiet
home on the pleasant banks of the Fox river, and rejoicing
in everything tending to advance the material or moral
prosperity of the State he had loved so long and served so
faithfully. On the 23d of April, 1S74, he passed away in
death as quiet and peaceful as his life had been.

OORE, DAVID N., M. D., was born in Waterioo,
Monroe county, Illinois, March 1st, 1S27. His
father, Enoch Moore, a native of Illinois, was
born near Waterloo, in 17S3, and was the first
male child born in the Territory. Plis motiier
was born near Lexington, Kentucky, in 1 788,
and in 1793 emigrated with her father. Colonel Williara
V/hiteside, lo Illinois. They vvere married at 'Whiteside
.Station, Illinois, in 1C03. Enoch Moore was a raember of
the first Constitutional Convention convened in that State,
and -was also a member cf Ihe first Legislature. For a

400

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

great many years he was Probate Judge, and for a long
time Circuit Clerk. He died, June 20th, 1848. D.avid N.
acquired his education in a school at Waterloo, then con
ducted by Professor Scarritt. At the age of eighteen he
left that institution and became engaged in farming, an
avocation at which he continued until l84g. He then
moved lo CaUfornia, where he resided during the ensuing
four years. On his return frora the Pacific coast he entered
the Sl. Louis Medical College, where he graduated. In
1854 he began the practice of his profession in Carlyle,
IlUnois, which place has since been his home. In Febili-
ary, 1862, he entered the service of the Uniled States as
Surgeon of the 30lh Regiraent of Illinois Infantry, and
served wilh this coraraand for two years. He was a par
ticipant at the battles of Forts Heniy and Donelson, and al
Shiloh. He took part also in the siege of Corinth, and in
the march through Mississippi with General U. S. Grant,
in 1862. He went frora there to Meraphis and to Lake
Providence, returning ultimately to Corinth and Memphis.
He was afterward transferred to the Department of the
Arkansas, and stationed in Helena until the wdnter of 1864,
when he was again transferred to Littie Rock. Prior to
this, however, in Ihe fall of the preceding year, he was ap
poinled Medical Direclor, and served in that capacity
during one year at Helena. He reraained at Little Rock
until raustered out of the service. At the close of the war
he relurned to his horae and resa-raed the practice of raedi
cine, in which he is novv successfully engaged. He is one
of the leading citizens of Cariyle, is identified wilh its
prosperity and developraent, and has filled a nuraber of
tovvn offices. He was married in Noveraber, 1856, to
Mathilda I. Scott, the only daughter of the late Captain
Henry Scott, of Carlyle, IlUnois.

NDREWS, EDMUND, Surgeon, was bora on
April 22d, 1824, in Putney, Windham county,
Vennont. Iiis father was a clergyraan, but his
voice failed hira and he turned his attention to
agriculture, reraoving to central New York vvhile
his son was yet a boy, and Edmund divided his
tirae between labor and sludy, giving rauch attention to
geology and botany. When seventeen years old he re
moved to Ihe interior of Michigan and spent three years in
the backwoods there, preparing hiraself meanwhile for
coUege. Then he entered Ihe University of Michigan, at
Ann Arbor, and went through the course of sludy in a
thoroughly creditable raanner, receiving Ihe degree of A. B.
in 1S49. Shortly after leaving college he entered the office
of Professor Z. Pitcher, at Detroit, then Ihe most eminent
physician and surgeon in the Stale. In 1850 he com
menced attending lectures in the medical departraent of
the University of Michigan, and al the end of Ihe first year,
allhough he had not yet graduated in raedicine, he was

made Demonstrator of Anatomy and given entire control
of the dissecting room. In the following year he finished
his raedical course and received the degree of M. D., con
tinuing to hold the office of Demonstrator, and adding to
his previous duties lectures to the students on Comparative
Anatoray. Three years after receiving the degree of A. B.
he received that of A. M., and in the year 1854 received.
the appointraent of Professor of Comparative Anatomy in
the Universily. In ihe year 1853 he married Eliza Taylor,
of Detroit. The sarae year he founded the Michigan Slate
Medical Society, and in connection wdth il published a new
medical periodical entitled the Peninsular Journal of
Medicine and the Collateral Sciences. In 1855 he was
appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in Rush Medical
CoUege, in Chicago, and removed lo that city. At the end
of a year he resigned Ihe position and devoted hiraself to
practice, giving his attention especially to surgery. In this
early part of his Chicago experience he, in connection wiih
Robert Kennicott, founded the Chicago Academy of Sci
ences. After much exertion, in connection with a few more
earnest men, ^60,000 vvas raised to place the acaderay on a
permanent basis, and he was unanimously elected its Presi
dent. He also assisted in founding Ihe Charily Dispensary.
In l85g he joined with a nuraber of other erainent raedical
raen in establishing the Chicago Medical College, in which
he received the appointraent of Professor of Surgery.
When the vvar broke out he entered the military service,
and was first put on duty as Post Surgeon at Carap
Douglas, Chicago. Subsequently he was ordered to Ihe
field as Surgeon of the 1st Regiraent of Illinois Light
Artillery, and joined the army under Generals Grant and
Sherraan. Although repeatedly urged by General Sherman
to accept a promotion to the rank of Brigade Surgeon, he
steadily refused, as such promotion would in a great
measure remove him frora what he chiefly desired, field-
practice. After he had been a year in the array the pro
fessors of the Chicago Medical CoUege felt the necessity for
his presence wilh thera, and petitioned the government to
allow him to resign. Their petition was granted, his
resignation accepted and he returned to his college duties
and privale practice. He has made several important
iraproveraenls in surgical practiee, and has been specially
successful in the cure of defornillies.

AGENSELLER, SAMUEL, M.D., of Pekin, Illi
nois, was born in Montgoraery counly, Pennsylva
nia, in the year 1824, and after receiving his educa
tion, in the Mifflinburg University, emigrated to
IlUnois in 1850. He enlered Penn.sylvania Col
lege to prepare for the medical profession, from
which he graduated in the spring of 1854, and has since then
been residing in Pekin, having an extensive practice. In
l85g he married Isabella Runkin, of Illinois.

"^ a^m^i^^^^^ (^Uii^/^'l^u

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

401

>ILL, EDWARD J., Lawyer, was born in Nevv
York, and is now about forty-five years of age.
lie graduated from the Universily of Vermont in
the class of 1843. He then began the sludy of
law, but tumed his attention lo banking, then lo
general merchandise, forwarding and shijiping,
by which means he speedily acquired a thorough under
standing of commercial raatters. His practiee as a lawyer
did not begin until about 1859 or i860, when he opened an
office at Milwaukee. His efforts were then crowned with
success, and he soon acquired an enviable reputation as an
able and persistent lawyer. In i86g he established his office
in Chicago. Of late years he has departed frora the usual
track, Ihe practice in the courts, and lurned his attention to
theoretical lavv. He has already pubUshed three volumes,
which competent judges pronounce the most thorough and
practical works ever produced on this side of Ihe Atlantic.
They constitute a coraplete set of practice works adapted to
the law of procedure in this Slate. No other Slate has ad-
hererl more closely to English practice Ihan Illinois ; the
practice here is, therefore, of great practical value, sinee,
resting on EngUsh precedent, it involves the entire scope
and history of English jurisprudence.

X?|r| UNLAP, GEORGE L., General Superintendent
-tVI' I °^ '''^ Chicago & Norlhweslern Railroad, was
(Olll born in Brunswick, Maine, October 25lh, 1828,
and was early in life left an orphan. Pie was
adopted into the faraily of Mr. Belknap, of Port
land, a prominent railroad contractor and con
structor, and from this gentleman he early acquired a taste
for railroad engineering and superintendence, which was
destined to shape his after life. He studied civil engineer
ing, and often obtained perraission to join surveying parties,
from whom he received much practical instruction. His
industry and aptitude attracted the attention of Charles
Minot, General Superintendent of the Boston & Maine
Railroad Corapany, who installed hira in the Boston office,
when but twenty years of age, as confidential clerk. Here
he reraained four years, and so satisfactorily perforraed his
duties that upon the ajipoinlraent of Mr. Minot as Superin
tendent of Ihe Erie Railway in 1852 he secured to Mr.-
Dunlap the responsible position of General Ticket Agent
of the sarae road, a position which he filled with abilily and
integrity. After four years of honorable service in this office
he resigned his portfolio to accept promotion in Ihe West,
and in 1856 enlered upon his duties as Assistant Engineer
and General Superintendent of the Chicago ¦& Northwestern
Railway, with his head-quarters in Chicago, and from that
time lo the present he has been closely identified with the
history of that city and the progress of railway enterprise in
the Northwest, growing with the rapid growth of the great
corporation wilh which he becarae connected. Then it

vvas a line of not raore Ihsin eighty railes, indifferentiy built
and poorly equipped ; to-day it is one of the raost prosperous
of the great trunk lines of the country. In October, 1858,
he was made General Superintendent of the line, a position
which he has since held. Up lo that time the road had
been completed to Janesville, ninety railes frora Chicago,
and frora Minnesota Junction to Oshkosh, leaving a gap be
tween the two sections of fifty-seven miles. During Ihe
following year this gap was filled, the section of fifty-seven
railes being built and equipped in less than ninety days, and
corapleted railway coraraunication from one of the richest
agricultural regions of Wisconsin to Chicago, destined lo
becorae the great shipping-point of the Northwest. Under
Ihe supervision of Mr. Dunlap Ihe Chicago & Northwestern
Company extended ils branches in all sections, and brought
under ils control many other subsidiaiy lines. In the short
period of eleven years, from 1856 lo 1867, it grew from a.
si.r.ple line of eighty railes to a corporation erabracing in ils
control over twelve hundred miles of road, splendidly built
and as splendidly equijiped. In all this lime Mr. Dunlap's
administration was characterized by vigorous enterprises,
and by prudent and able execulive raanageraent, adding day
by day such iraproveraenls as were necessary not only to
raeet but to anticipate the deraands of increasing business.
In person Mr. Dunlap is tall and vvell -proportioned; and in
manner he is graceful and affable. He is a man of generous
impulses, and of liberal views. His taste for the mechanic
arts is marked, and his practical knowledge of the details of
the vast business whieh he controls has raainly contributed
lo the success which has crowned his raanagement of Ihe
road. He construcled for his own use a miniature locorao-
live, which is a fine specimen of his raechanical ingenuity
and skill. It is large enough for road service, and his tours
of supervision over the lines are raade by him ujxm it. In
1875 he w.as appoinled City Marshal, but he accepted it
only temporarily and soon resigned. In 1853 he married
Ellen Pond, of Boston.

RICKER, JONATHAN, M. D., vvas born in Lan
caster counly, Pennsylvania, January 12th, 1813.
His parenls were natives of Pennsylvania, and
his ancestors, well-known gioneers of this State,
were araong the earlier settlers who reclaimed the
country frora its savage inhabitants. He was edu
caled in Ihe High School of Lebanon, and al the comple
tion of his preliminary sludies began the study of medicine
under the guidance Of his older brother, whose assistant he
became after three years of study, attending subsequently
the Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia. He then
began the practiee of his profession at Lebanon, where he
resided untU 1843, removing afterward lo Mansfield, Ohio,
resuraing here his professional labors. For a period of four
years, while his family reraained in Mansfield, he practised
raedicine in California, principally al Sacraraento, whence

402

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

he raoved to Fort Wayne. Later, failing health prorapted
a reraoval to the South, but the oulbreak of the civil war
corapelled him to ab.andon this idea, and upon the repre
sentations of a friend he established his office at Carbondale,
Ilhnois, which is now his home and Ihe scene of his suc-
- cessful labors. In all the places visited by him he has in
variably secured the good- will and respect of the inhabitants,
and his standing in the profession has alvvays been an honor
able one. He is now in his old age assisted ably by his
son. Dr. Williara Bricker, who, apart frora his falher's prac
tice, has an extensive business of his own. He has always
been a zealous Mason, and his position in the order is prora
inent and influential. Hevvas raarried in 1836 to Henrietta
Elizabeth Mercer, of Pennsvlvania.

; NOWHOOK, WILLIAM B., Lawyer, was born
in Ireland in 1817, and when but eight years of
age came to New York wiihout the aid of rela
tives or friends. He commenced reading law at
an early dale, conslanlly carrying on at the same
time, however, some olher business. While in
the East he was a contractor, and subsequently jiursued the
same business in connection wilh William B. Ogden and
others on Ihe Lake Michigan Canal. He has also been in
the commission business and various other pursuits, but
never failed to apply hiraself to his legal studies. Under
Po'k and Pierce he was Collector of Custoras, and has held
other public offices of trust and consequence. In 1857 he
was admitted to the bar, and subsequently spent two years
in Ihe law deparlment ofthe Chicago Universily, an institu
tion from which he graduated with honor. At the present
time he is an able, respected and successful practitioner.

j HEATON, JESSE C, Merchant, was bo-.-n in Pom
fret, Windham counly, Connecticut, March 27th,
1813. He is the son of James Wheaton and
Nancy (Lyon) Wheaton, who were married in
1806, and settled subsequently in Pomfret. His
father was'a soldier in tbe war of 1812, his grand
father a veleran of the struggle for independence. In 1833
he learned the trade of a carpenter and joiner, and Ihen
went 10 Worcester, where he worked at his trade during the
succeeding two years. At the expiration of this period he
removed to Illinois, locating near WanenviUe, Du Page
counly, where, in addition to working al his trade, he en
gaged in farraing. He afterward raade his home on the
spot known now as the Du Page Counly Fair Grounds,
having in ready cash about Ihree hundred dollars, which he
employed in pre-empting one hundred and sixty acres of
land. The town of Wheaton, now the counly-seat of Du
Page county, was laid off by the Wheaton brothers, and

named by J. B. Turner in honor of ihem. The direct source
of the present prosperity of the town as a business place, as
also of its fine educational development, raay be justly at
tributed to the labors and beneficial influence of the Wheaton
family. He was mainly instrumental in 1852 in securing
the estabUshment here of the Wesleyan Methodist' College,
now known as the Wheaton College, and became one of
the heaviest subscribers to Ihe construction fund of that in
stitute. As' a political partisan he has been prominently
identified with the Whig, Free Soil and RepubUcan parties,
and in 1836 voted for the Whig PresidenlLal candidale; in
1840 for James G. Birney, the abolitionist Presidential can
didale, vvho received but four votes in Du Page county.
For casting his vote for the latler he received many taunts
and reproaches, but time and experience has since vindi
cated and made popular the judgment of those four voters
of Du Page county, who, foreseeing the impending trouble,
deemed it best to precipitate an inevitable issue. From
1862 to 1870 he was Assistant Assessor, and for twelve
years officiated as a School Director. He was married,
March 26lh, i83g, to Orinda Gary, daughter of William
Gary, and by her has had Ihe following children : Lora A.,
bom Deceraber 24th, i83g, a graduate of Wealon College,
and now Principal of the Abingdon CoUege, Knox county,
Illinois; Maria N., bom March 13th, 1841, now the wdfe
of R. A. Morrison, of Kankakee, Illinois ; Jesse C, Jr., born
August 30th, 1842, novv engaged in farraing and agricul
tural pursuits near Wheaton; Ellen F., born August I31h,
1844, died June 23d, 1854; Mary E., born October l6lh,
1846, novv the vvife of Henry Hewes, of Crete, Will county
Illinois; James M., born August 17th, 1848, now attending
Evanston College; Washington, born August 17th, 1850,
now a student at the Wheaton College; Franklin E., born
July I2th, 1852, now teaching school in Lisle township;
Frankie E., born July 28th, 1854, now attending Wheaton
College.

AN ARMAN, JOHN, Lawyer, vvas born in Platts-
burg. New York, in about 1818. He removed
thence lo Marshall, Michigan, and there com
menced the practice of his profession. Pie first
obtained prominence several years ago in Michi
gan at the time of the notorious conspiracy against
the Michigan Central Railroad, when he was employed by
the corapany lo work up the case and lo assist in ils prose
cution. On Ihis occasion -he secured the confidence of the
leaders of the movement, joined the organization, and thus
came to a knowledge of all Ihe secrets of Ihe conspirators.
At the time of trial he assisted in the prosecution of the
case, and alternated his duties in this direction by taking
the stand as a witness for the Stale. Since his residence
in Chicago he has won a prominent and leading position as
a criminal lawyer. His notable characteristics are industry,
patience and indefatigable energy. Quick to adapt himself

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

403

to a sudden and unforeseen change of circumstances, tire
less in foUowing uji a case, and omitting no details, he is
unexcelled in his peculiar line, and well deserves the suc
cess whieh has attended his efforts.

WENGEL, D. FRANK, D. D. S., was bora March
24th, 1837, near the town of Middleburg, Snyder
county, then known as Union county, Pennsyl
vania. His' father, vvho is still a resident of
Middleburg, has always followed agricultural
pursuils, and is a prominent and active church
man, enjoying the respect of the coraraunity in which he
resides. His mother's maiden name was Sarah Miller, and
she was a resident of the same county. D. Frank passed
his boyhood on his father's farra, attending during the winler
raonlhs the village school. Upon attaining his raajority, he
resolved upon a professional career, and soon after entered
Dickinson Seminary, at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, for the
full course of four years. By unusual industry, incited by
unflao'o'ing ambition, he finished the prescribed studies in
three years, and graduated in 1861. Upon leaving this in
stitution he accepted the position of Principal of Berrysburg
Seminary, at Berrysburg, Daujihin county, Pennsylvania,
succeeding P. Bergstresser, who had enlered the army.
Here he obtained distinction as an instructor in English
lileralure and ancient languages. During the Iwo years he
filled this position, he studied medicine under the direction
of Dr. J. B. Beshler, and decided upon the medical profes
sion as the field of his future labors. To thoroughly prepare
himself for his chosen vocation, he decided to enter Jefferson
Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1863, and vvhen about
ready lo enter coUege he was drafted into the Union army.
His earnings, upon which he had relied to carry him through
this period of student life, were absorbed in furnishing a
substitute, and he was compelled to seek some compensating
labor whieh did not require so many years of preparation.
He thereupon entered the office of Dr. H. Gerhart, a lead
ing dentist at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. During his studies
here he became a teacher in the Lewisburg University, fiUing
that position very acceptably for some time. Having at
length qualified hiraself for the duties of a practical dentist,
he returned to his horae, and practised successfuUy through
out the counties of Union and Snyder. In 1S65 he located
in Mifflinburg, and by strict attention to his business he
soon acquired a very large and lucrative patronage. In the
fall of 1869 he relinquished this field with the intention of
raaking his horae in the West. Prior lo his migration, how
ever, he availed hiraself of the facilities of the Baltiraore
Dental College, the oldest institution of its kind in this
country, and very raaterially, by attending lectures and by
zealous study, increased his knowledge of the dental science.
Receiving his diploraa from Ihis institution, he started for
the West°and in the spring of 1870 settled in Freeport, Il

linois, where he resuraed his praclice, which he here kept
up for four years. In August, 1874, he removed lo Chicago,
finding there an ampler field for his professional labors.
liere he published for a tirae a journal devoted to the inter
ests of the dental profession, under the name of the Dental
Quaiterly, and it had aniong ils contributors Ihe ablest- prac
titioners of the denial science. Dr. Swengel occupies now
a leading position as a dentist in Chicago, vvhich he has
achieved through conscientious and skilful labor. Pie is a
man of fine culture and pleasing social qualities.

NIGHT, STEPHEN SIMMONS, was bom in
Wabash, Illinois, April 26th, 1828. His falher,
a native of Virginia, moved to Kenlucky in 1794,
and from there removed in 1810 to Portsmouth,
Scioto county, Ohio. In Ihe following year he
married a daughter of Colonel Simraons, who
built the first ship constructed west of the Allegheny raoun
tains. In 1818 he reraoved to Illinois, where he afterwards
perraanentiy resided. Stephen was educaled al Lancaster,
Wabash county, Illinois. At the completion of his allotted
course of studies, he engaged in school-teaching, and laler,
in faraiing and agricultural pursuils, at which he continued
until 1855. He then raoved to Mt. Carrael, engaging there
in merchandising and school-leaching until i860, when he
interested hiraself in saw-railling, an enterprise lo which he
devoted his attention until the raill vvas destroyed by fire.
He then again engaged in farming, and in 1875 constructed
the fine hotel building, the most slrilcing ornament of the
city. Pie is one of the raost enterprising citizens of Mt.
Carrael, and is highly respected by the community amid
which he resides. He was raarried March 28th, 1848, to
H.arriet C. Blood, a native of Vermont, but a resident of
Wabash county, Illinois.
RIGHT, JAMES S., Merchant, Operator in Real
Estate, was born in Highland county, Ohio, Au
gust 4th, 1816. His parents were John B. Wright,
a farmer and agriculturist, and forraeriy a member
of the Indiana Legislalure, and EUzabeth (Ste
phens) Wright. He was educated at Ihe coramon
log school houses localed in the vicinity of his home.
While a young man he was engaged in surveying, and later
in shijiping from PenyvUle, on the Wabash river, to New
Orieans, Louisiana. He subsequently moved lo Ploraer,
Champaign counly, and was there employed in mercantile
pursuits until 1855. In 1846 he was sent to the Legislature
on the Whig ticket, and in 1855 settled in Champaign,
where he became engaged principally in real estate trans
actions and farraing. In 1862-63 he officiated as Mayor of
Charapaign, performing the functions of that office wilh in
disputable ability and integrity. For more than thirty years

404

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

he has been inliraately identified with the prosperity and
development of this section of Illinois, and possesses the
esteem of the entire community. Pie was married in 1840
to Catherine Lander, from Bourbon county, Kentucky.

I RIGH r, PAUL R., Lawyer, was born in Oneida
counly. New York, in May, l8ig. His parenls,
John Wright and Miriam (Raymond) Wright,
were natives of New England. He attended the
public schools located in Ihe vicinity of his home,
and attended subsequently also Ihe St. Lawrence
Academy, New York. On leaving school, at the age of
eighteen, he raoved to Illinois, vvhere his parenls had raade
their horae, and engaged in teaching school, an avocation
which he pursued during the succeeding period of nearly
five years. While thus eraployed he coraraenced the stndy
of law, lo which he appUed hiraself diligently in his leisure
hours, and in 1844 enlered Ihe office of E. E. Harvey, of
Elgin. After studying under the directions of that practi
tioner for a period of one year, he was admitted to the bar,
and estabUshed his office in Ihe sarae city, where he was
professionally occupied until 1856. He then reraoved lo
Geneva, having been elected Circuit Clerk, on the Fremont
ticket, for Kane county, and filled Ihis office for four years.
At the expiralion of his term he again resumed the praclice
of his profession, with whieh he vvas busied until the fall
of 1862, when he purchased a farra in Union county, and
gave his entire tirae and allenlion to its cultivation. Twelve
years were spent in this raanner, and in 1874 he moved to
Jonesboro', again engaging in professional labor, wdiile still
retaining an interest, however, in the raanageraent of his
farm. He has always been a supporter of the Republican
party. He was married in 1846 to Emily Harvey, of Elgin.

i>IGH, JAMES L., Lawyer, was bora in Bellevdlle,
Ohio, October 6lh, 1844. He graduated at Ihe
Universily of Wisconsin, in Madison, with the
class of 1864. In 1867 he reraoved to Chicago,
and there began the practice of law, having pre
viously graduated also frora the Michigan Univer
sity Law School. During the war of Ihe Rebellion he served
one year as Adjutant ofthe 4glh Regiraent of Wisconsin
Infantry. He is the author of a " Treatise on the Law of
Injunctions as Adrainistered in the Courls of England and
America;" also of a "Treatise on Extraordiniiry Legal
Remedies, Mandamus, Quo-warrants and Prohibitions." In
1870 he published a revised edition of Lord Erskine's works,
including all his legal arguments, together vvith a memoir
of his life. He spent the winter of 1871-72 in Salt Lake
City, and in the absence of the United States District Attor

ney, conducted the celebrated Mountain Meadow Massacre
(Mormon) trials. He was engaged also as a correspondent
of the New York Times, and his letters to Ihat journal were
widely copied. His treatise on the law of injunctions and
extraordinary legal remedies is to be found in almost eveiy
law office, in Ihe East as vvell as in the West. He is a pracli-
tioner of untiring industry and brilliant attainments, already
standing high in the profession, and possessing an extensive
practice, particularly in chancery.

AY, JAMES EDWARDS, Lawyer, was born in
Weslborough, Worcester county, Massachusetts,
June 30th, 1830. His father, Jaraes Fay, was
engaged in farraing in the same place. His mo
ther, Jane (Bates) Fay, of Cohassett, Norfolk
county, Massachusetts, was a sister of Joshua
Bates, D. D., formerly President of Ihe Middlebury College.
His preliminaiy education was obtained in the public schools
of his native county. After passing the two succeeding years
in a store, he was filled for college at the Thetford Academy,
Thelford liill. Orange county, Vermont, where he reraained
until the end of his freshraan year, then passed to the sopho
raore class of Williaras College, graduating frora that insti
tution with high rank for scholarship in the class of 1856, in
corapany with Hon. C. S. Hill, Assistant United States Allor
ney, General Garfield of Qhio, and olhers novv eminent in
the different avocations of life. After leaving college, he
was for one year Principal of the Dickinson Academy, ct
Southwick, Massachusetts. In 1857 he reraoved lo Minne
sota, and began the study of law with Hon. William Wen-
dom, sinee Uniled Slates Senator frora that Stale. In 1858
he returned to Massachusetts, and there corapleted his preji-
arations for the bar tinder the guidance of the late Chief-
Juslice R. G. Chapraan, of Massachusetts, and also at the
law school of Harvard College. In 1859 he was admitted
to the bar, and in the following year established his cffice
in Chicago, where he enlered on the praclice of his pro
fession. In 1869 he became the middle member of the
well-known Uw firra of Bonney, Fay & Griggs, which has
reraained substantially the sarae down to the present time.
He is a general practitioner, but has given more especial
attention to real estate law, and mailers perlaining Ihereto,
and, as a real eslale and business lawyer, ranks high wilh
Ihe Jirofession. He is a meraber of Ihe Republican parly,
but eschews jiolitics, having never held nor sought an
office. He has secured a fair corapetency through his
professional labors, and devotes the lirae not occupied by
Ihe duties of his business to the cause of religion and
education. pie is a prominent member of Ihe Eighth
Presbyterian Church, of which he has been an Elder and
Superintendent of Sabbalh-school for several years past.
He was married in 1862 to Julia A. Bush, of Southwick,
Massachusetts, and has three children.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

405

yli^IGGINS, VAN H., Lawyer, ex-Judge, was born in
9J \ Genesee county. New York, and is now about
kjj I fifty- three years of age. He came to Chicago in
1839, and was admitted to the bar in Iroquois
county. In 1845 he went to Galena, and there
practised his profession with Judge Scott until
1853, when he removed to Chicago, where he has since
permanently resided. In the fall of 1858 he was sent lo
the Legislature, and in the ensuing spring was elected
Judge of the Superior Court. He served in Ihis office until
1863, when he resigned and comraenced the practice of
law with Leonard Swell, his preseni partner. Before he
became Judge of the Superior Court his praclice was one
of Ihe most extensive and remunerative in the eily. Since
then he has given considerable attention to legal matters,
but is not as active in his profession as he was before his
accession to Ihe bench, for the reason Ihat he has very ex
tended and important interests of his own to attend to,
which leave little or no tirae lo devote to professional
labors. He is also a fine theoretical and practical raechan-
ician, while his judgment upon the merits of any new
mechanical discovery is equal to that of the best practical
mechanic in the West.

NTHONY, ELLIOTT, Lawyer, was bom in Spaf-
ford, Onondaga county, central New York, on
June loth, 1827, descending from sturdy New
England stock. His father, Isaac Anthony, was
born on Ihe island of Rhode Island, eight mUes
frora Newport, his raother being connected with
the weU-known Chase faniily, of which the late Chief-
Justice Salmon P. Chase was so distinguished a member.
The mother of Elliott, whose maiden name was Phelps, was
a descendant of the earliest settlers of that name in Martha's
Vineyard, who, subsequently to their location on that
island, occupied portions of Connecticut and Massachusetts,
and eventuaUy took up their abode in the Green Mountains
of Vermont and through the eastern section of New York
Slate. All of his male ancestors were conspicuous in the
war of the Revolution, and a number of their descendants
were foremost in Ihe famous Dorr war. While the Anthony
faniily were legitimately Quakers, they held strongly and
faithfully to the principle of independence, revolting against
all forms of ojipression. It was Burrington Anthony who
was prominently associated with Dorr in the Rhode Island
rebeUion, and who suffered martyrdom wilh hira. The
family of Elliott's grandfather were residents of Rhode
Island when the Hessians held it and the surrounding
country under the exactions of English tyranny, and among
his earliest recollections are the wonderful tales of adven
ture, of bravery, of daring, related by veterans of the war
of the Revolution. His father, Isaac, was an able historian,
thoroughly farailiar with the facts concerning all the Indian
wars and the uprising of the colonies against the raother

country, having obtained thera principally from his own
father and grandfather, who were actively and honorably
engaged in the military operations which have rendered the
eariy history of this counlry meraorable. Shortly after the
close of the Revolution word reached the settlers of the
New England States of Ihe prolific resources of the West,
and a very general raigration set in frora the seaboard to
the attractive country which lay in the region of the western
lakes. ElUolt's grandfather, accorapanied by his family,
felt the contagion, and moved from Rhode Island lo Wash
ington county. New York, where they settled. Here
Isaac, one of the sons, was raarried to Paraelia Phelps, and
soon after moved to Spafford, Onondaga counly, where
Elliott was born, June loth, 1827. The country round
about was then an alraost unbroken wdlderness, there being
but few settlers between Utica and Buffalo. His early years
were spent in aiding in farm labors, which were at times
excessively arduous, wdien forests were levelled and placed
under fruitful cultivation. The faniily Ihen consisted of
four sons and four daughlers, all of whom inherited from
their parents a great taste for reading. All the books in
their possession, and which were generously loaned by the
neighbors in the section, were read with avidity, and some
so often and so thoroughly that their contents were in text
committed almost wholly to meraory. Elliott's father was
a man of great industry and force of eharacter. His energy
e;iri-ied him over the weighty obstacles which hindered the
progress of many of his neighbors, and raised hira to the
position of the leading agriculturalist of that section of the
State. At the age of eighteen Elliott left the farra lo pursue
a classical course of sludy preparatory to his entrance upon
a collegiate career. He went to Homer, Cortland county,
and spent two years in the academy at that place, then the
principal acaderaical institution in the Slate. While here
he had the advantage of the instruction of a distinguished
educator, Sarauel B. Woolworth, who subsequently becarae
one of the Regents of the Slate University, at Albany. In
the fall of 1847 he entered Hamilton College, becoming a
raeraber of the sophomore class, and in 1850 graduated
with honor. Upon leaving this college he commenced the
study of law under Professor Theodore W. Dwight, and in
May, 1851, was admitted to the bar at Oswego. In June
of the sarae year he carae West and localed al first at Ster
ling, Illinois, where he reraained one year. On July 14th,
1852, he was married lo Mary Dwighl, Ihe sister of his law
preceptor and granddaughter of President Dwight, so well
known in connection wilh Yale CoUege. In Ihe fall of
1852 he settled in Chicago, and from that tirae until Ihe
present has fulfilled the duties of his profession wilh a zeal
and success rarely equalled. He had no adventitious aids
when he set out on his legal career in that city; but relying
alone upon his individual resources, he gradually, by the
exertion of superior talent and by tireless energy, rose to a
position which has brought him the corafort of wealth and
the honor of a narae respected by all. During his first

4o6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

year's residence in Chicago he corajiiled, with the aid ofhis
wife, "A Digest of ihe Illinois Reports," which was pub
lished, and which was received by the profession in the
Stale wilh great favor. In 1858 he was elected Ciiy At
torney for Chicago, and distinguished his administration of
that responsible office by the energy and abilily wilh which
he conducted the legal business of the city. He was for
several years specially retained by the raunicipal authorities
to fconduct many important cases in the local courts, in the
Supreme Court of the Stale, and in the United States
Courts. In 1863 he was appoinled the General Attorney of
the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad Corapany, then the
leading railroad corporation in the Northwest, and for
many years held that position, until, in fact, the consolida
tion of Ihis corapany wilh Ihe Chicago & Norlhweslem
Railway Corapany. He vvas shortly after this retained by
a nuraber of the bondholders and non-consenting stock
holders to test the validity of that consolidation, and in
connection with Ihat case prepared and printed an argu
raent covering the whole ground, entitled " The Law
Perlaining to Ihe Consolidation of Railroads," which is un
questionably the raost coraplete and exhaustive treatise
ujion that subject ever raade. It is a raarvel of legal re
search, and technically describes the powers of corporations,
the rights and duties of directors, the rights of rainority
stockholders, and all other kindred raatters. Mr. Anthony
arcued the case before Justice Davis of the United Slales
Supreme Court, and Judge Treat, Uniled Slales District
Judge for Southern Illinois, and had his position affirmed
by them. Soon after the parties interested in upholding
the consolidation settled wilh all the dissatisfied stock and
bondholders upon terms which were satisfacloiy. Mr.
Anthony has twice been elected a member of the Constitu
tional Conventions called to revise the organic law of the
Stale of Illinois: once in 1862 and again in 1S70. He
look a conspicuous part in all the deliberations cf the latter.
The profound knowledge of the science of law, and espe
cially of constitutional law, which he possessed was soon
manifest in the progress of this Convention, and he became
Ihe leading authority upon leg.al questions which were con
tinually arising; while his practical famUiarity vvith the
details of parliamentary proceedings, and his keen judgraent
of the best reraedies to reform existing evils growing out of
an imperfect organic law, enabled him lo do raore in shap
ing and directing the labors of ihat body than, perhaps, any
other meraber. His speech in the Convention upon " The
Powers of the Convention " exhibits Ihe raost coraprehen
sive research, and has been an authority cjuoted in similar
bodies of olher States. Had .not his attention been turned
from poUtics by domestic affliction, he would have filled
offices of more Ihan local responsibility. He is the founder
of the Chicago Law Institute, now a large and flourishinf
institution which controls the law library to which, almost
daily, a raajority of the members of Ihe Chicago bar resort
for consultation. He is a gentleman of fine literary culture.

whieh is continually iraproved by miscellaneous reading, of
which he is especially fond. Before the great fire he was
Ihe owner of one of the finest misceUaneous libraries in the
West, which, unfortunately, was totally destroyed in that
terrible conflagration. He took an £.clive interest in the
establishraent ofthe Chicago Free Public Library, of which
ever sinee its foundation he has been a direclor. For
several years he has filled the Chairmanshiji of the Ccm-
iniltee on Library. He is liberal in his views and public-
spirited in his actions. Early in his professional career he
vvas convinced that Chicago, then lo many a place of liltie
promise, was destined lo be a metropolitan city, and wisely
acting upon this conviction, he invested largely in real
eslale, which has become immensely valuable. His career
has the stamp of success on every venture — a success brought
about by the exercise of good judgment, by untiring sludy,
by industry sustained by unflinching integrity. To these
qualities alone he owes his position as one of the leading
men of the West. He was twice married ; his first wife
dying in 1864, and his second in June, 1870.

OOK, GENERAL JOPIN, was born in Belleville,
Illinois, June I2lh, 1826, and was the only son
of Hon. Daniel P. Cook, one of Illinois' distin
guished citizens and Congressmen. General
Cook reraained in Belleville, living wilh his
grandparents, until the year 1833, when Ihe
scourge of cholera which swept over the country canied off
Governor Ninian Edvvards (his grandfather) among its vic
tims. The year following Ihe subject of this sketch, then
being in his eighth year, was placed in the faraily of Rev.
John F. Brooks, to acquire an education. He reraained
under the instruction of the reverend gentleraan until the
death ofhis grandraolher, which occurred in the year i8.;o.
In Ihe succeeding year he entered Ihe freshraan class cf
IlUnois CoUege, at Jacksonville, being but fourteen years
of age and the youngest raeraber of his class. The follow
ing year he was afflicted vvith temporary loss of sight, and
vvas compelled lo abandon Ihe further jiroseculion of his
studies. The disease became aggravated to sueh an extent
in Ihe ensuing year that it was necessary for hira to be led
by the hand. On a partial recovery he atterapted the com
pletion of his studies at Kemper College, Sl. Louis, Mis
souri, but from continued failing of sight was compelled lo
abandon thera in the sophomore course. A year frora the
tirae he left Kemper College and assuraed a clerkshiji in
Ihe commission house of P..asin & Hanson, at Sl. Louis,
under a self-indenture of three years, wilh compensation,
board and washing. After this, and on January 8lh, 1846,
he formed a jiarlnership wilh the old-established house cf
liawley & Edwards, dry-goods merchants, of Springfield,
Illinois — Ihe jiarlnership expiring in Iwo years. On Octo
ber ;olh, 1247, he married the eldest daughter of James L.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

407

Larab, of Springfield. Until the year 51854 he was engaged
in speculating, etc., with some degree of success. In Ihis
year he entered into politics, and in the foUowing year was
elecled Mayor of Springfield. In 1856 he was elecled
Sheriff of Sangamon county, and at the expiralion of his
term of office was appdinted Quartermaster-General of the
Stale of Illinois by Governor W. H. Bissell. In 1858 he
organized an independent company of militia, known as the
Springfield Zouave Greys, and was chosen Captain. This
company was the first tendered to and accepted by Governor
Yales, under Ihe Slate's quota of the severity-five thousand
troops ordered by Ihe President and enrolled for the sup
pression of the rebellion, and vvas the nucleus of the isl
Regiment of IlUnois Volunleers, of which he was chosen
Colonel, and which look the number, 7, in honor of the
six regiments furnished by the Slate of Illinois for the Mex
ican war. As there has been some difficulty, arising frora
the fact that the same honor was clairaed by the Sth Regi
ment, it may not be amiss to make the following statement
in regard lo Ihe matter. The commission of Colonel Cook
was dated April 24lh, t86l. The act appended confirms
his position as Colonel of the 7lh, notwithstanding claims
pul forward by Adjutant-General Haynir, in behalf of Col
onel Oglesby, for that position :
"An Act Confirming the Election of Officers in the Volun
teer MiUlia of the State of Illinois. In force AprU 2gth,
1861.
"Section I. Be it enacted by the people of the State of
Illinois, represented in the General Asserably, That all
elections heretofore held prior to April 25th, A. D. 1861, in
any regiraent of the Illinois Volunteer Militia called into
service under the proclaraation of the President of the
United Stales, for cplonel, lieutenant-colonel, raajor, or any
olher officers of said railitia, shall be and hereby is declared
good and valid, without any reference lo any law prescrib
ing Ihe raode of such eleclion.
" Section 2. This act .shall be a pttbUc act, and shall be
in force from and after ils passage."
In conformity with the above statute Governor Richard
Yales issued a commission to John Cook as Colonel of the
7lh lUinois Volunteer Infantry. Adjutant-General Hay-
nir's report, volume I, reads as follows, page 325: "The
7th Infantry Illinois Volunteers is clairaed to be the first
regiraent organized in the State of Illinois under the first
call of the President for three months' troops. The 8th
Illinois claims the same honor. The 7th was raustered
into the Uniled Slates service at Camp Yales, Illinois, April
25lh, 1861, by Captain John Pope, United States array.
Was forwarded to Alton, St. Louis, Cairo, and Mound City,
where it remained during the three months' service."
Page 334. " On the 25lh day of AprU, 1861, the 8lh Illinois
Volunteer Infantry vvas first organized for the three months'
service. Colonel Oglesby commanding. A contest for r<ank
and seniority arose between the 7lh and 8th, both being
organized the sarae day. This contest was finally ended
by according to Colonel Cook the first nuraber, 7, as the

nuraber of his regiment, with Ihe second rank as colonel ;
Colonel Oglesby taking Ihe second nuraber for his regiment,
wilh the first rank as colonel." General Cook asserts that
it is utterly irapossible to sustain Ihis statement ; that while
Colonel Oglesby, who affixed his executive ajiproval as
Governor of the State of Illinois lo the rejiort, may perhaps
have done so depending upon Ihe supposed accuracy of his
appointee, the paragraph alluded lo is nevertheless wiihout
foundation in any particular. The question of regimental
numhei-s, as between Colonel Oglesby and Colonel Cook,
was never for a mv^ment raised ; over Ihis there was no con
troversy; consequentiy there could be ro possibility of the
waiver of rank on the part of Colonel Cook. Appreciating
as he did the value of rank as an experienced soldier, hc
would not and did not waive it for any such reason as
assigned by Governor Oglesby's Adjutant-General nor for
any other. His regiraent was ordered first to the city of
Alton, and in the absence of camp and garrison equipage
vvas quartered in the old penitentiary buildings, then aban
doned. From there he proceeded to Cairo, from vvhich
point his command was ordered to Mound City ; frora
thence to fronton, where it assisted in driving out Jeff
Thorapson's and Hardee's forces from the Stale of Mis.souri.
Frora fronton the regiraent was ordered to Cape Girardeau,
from which point it proceeded to Fort "Joe Holt," Ken
tucky, opposite Cairo, where Colonel Cook vvas assigned
command of a brigade consisting of the 7th Illinois, 28lh
Illinois, Iwo squadrons of cavalry, and McAllister's Battery
of Light Artillery. They were engaged in all reconnois-
sances from here, and were held as the reserve al ElUcotl's
Mills during the attack on Belmont and Columbus. On
the 3d of February, 1862, he was assigned to the comraand
of General Charles F. Sraith, in the raoveraent up the
Curaberland and Tennessee rivers. He took jiart in the
attack and capture of Forts Henry and Donelson. After
the capture of Fort Donelson he was commissioned Briga
dier General for gaUant conduct. He subsequently look
part in the battle of Shiloh. During the advance on Cor
inth he was ordered to report to the Secretaiy of War, and
was by him assigned a coramand consisting of his brigade,
consolidated with two brigades frora General Shield's
division, eleven batteries of artiUery, and two regiments of
cavalry — Ihe artillery being stationed at different forts and
points in the rear of Alexandria, Virginia. After McClel
lan's retreat from Harrison's Landing and Pope's retreat
from the valley, he was relieved at his own request, and in
ihe fall following w<as ordered to report to Major-General
John Pope, coraraanding the Miliiary Department of the
Northwest, under whose coraraand he reraained until Octo
ber gth, 1864, when he was assigned coramand ofthe Mili
tary District of the Stale of Illinois, wilh head-quarters at
Springfield, where he remained until he was mustered out
of service, having previou.sly been coramissioned by Presi
dent Johnson Maior-General by brevet. In Ihe fall of 1868
he was elected Representative from Sangamon county to

4oS

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

the Twenty-sixth General Assembly of Ihe State of IlUnois,
in wdiich position he acquitted himself wilh honor and
credit to his constituents, and was chiefly instruraental in
procuring the second appropriation for the erection of the
new .State Capilol, which is now one of Ihe handsomest
structures on Ihe continent. His social qualities are of the
highest order, and he is universally respected and adraired
as a fine type of the Western gentleman. His good-nature
and pleasant address make hira a raost agreeable companion.

REESE, HON. SIDNEY, Associate Justice, ex-
Chief- Justice, and ex-United States Senator, was
bora about the close of the last century, in Oneida
county, New York. He received a thorough
general and classical education at the Union
College, from vvhich institution he graduated
wilh distinction. He had been the school-fellow of. EUas
Kent Kane, who was his senior. After Ihe appointraent
of the latter lo Ihe office of Secretafy of Stale, in 1818, he
becarae associated wilh him as a fellow-student of lavv. In
1820 he essayed Ihe practice of his profession in Jackson
counly, but raet with failure in the presentation and conduct
of a case in court before a jury. Overwhelmed wilh morti
fication, he resolved, on the spur of the moment, to entirely
abandon the practice of law, and in the ensuing year
became the Postmaster of Kaskaskia. In 1822, however,
he was appointed to the Circuit Attorneyship by Governor
Bond, a position which he retained under Governor Coles,
and until the accession of Governor Edwards. In 183 1 he
prepared and published " Breese's Reports " of the Suprerae
Court Decisions, that being the first book ever jiublished in
the State. In the course of the following year he took part
in the raeraorable Black Hawk Indian war, serving notably
and efficiently as a Major. While acting in a railitary cajia
cily he vvas a prominent actor upon several important
occasions, and was widely recognized as an intrejiid and
trustworthy officer. Upon the establishment of the Circuit
Court systera, in 1835, he was chosen Judge. In 1841 he
was elected one of Ihe Supreme Judges. In 1S42 he was
elecled ft)r a full terra, from March 4lh, 1843, to the Senate
of the United States. At tiie expiralion of that terra he
was, in 1850, elected lo Ihe Legislalure and raade Speaker
of Ihe House, a position for which he was adrairably quali
fied bolh by natural abilities and solid acquireraents, gleaned
during years of service in public stations of trust and honor.
In 1855 he was- again elected Circuit Judge, and Iwo years
later, upon the resignation of Judge Scales, elevated a
second time to the Suprerae Bench, where he has since re
mained, a skilful and venerated expounder of the law. In
rotation he has reached the position of Chief- Justice. It is
on this bench that he has, ly his nuraerous able opinions,
secured the lasting regard of the people in general and Ihe
merabers of the bar in particular. In all that appertains lo

his office his deportment and actions, in circumstances occa
sionally of a peculiarly irritating and wearisome nalure,
have invariably been characterized by courtesy and un-
swervable impartiality. His opinions and judgments merit,
and have received in countless cases, the warmest com
mendation, while his reputation for spotless integrity is
unassailable. Succinctiy, he is a finished scholar, a pro
found jurist, and a useful citizen. While .serving with Ihe
Congressional body he favored the annexation of Texas,
warraly upheld as a valuable right our titie to Oregon up lo
the line of fifty-four degrees forty minutes, and advised the
carrying of the war wilh Mexico inlo the heart of that
counlry. His action in connection with the land grants for
the benefit of the IlUnois Central Railroad was productive
of considerable benefit to the counlry at large ; his original
plan being, not a grant, but really a pre-emption. He pro
cured also the passage of acts for the sale of the mineral
lands which constitute s,uch a valuable resource of Galena
and the environing region, and Ihe passage of olher acis
also relative to siniila'r properties in various sections of the
Slate. To hira is Ukewise due the honor and credit at
tached to that raoveraent which eventually effected the
repeal of the five years exeraption frora taxation of Ihe
public lands in the Slate, ultimately sources of revenue
which proved to be needful and valuable aids to Illinois at
the period when her energies were sorely proslrated by
financial chaos and distress. He made, also, a very able
report in favor of a grant of land to a railroad from Lake
Michigan to Ihe Pacific.

REENLEAF, CHARLES WILSON, Dentist, was
born in Hartford, Connecticut, Septeraber nth,
1835. His great-grandfather, his grandfather,
and his father also were dentists, thus making a
succession of four generations of the same faraily
engaged in the sarae profession. The last-naraed
practised in Plartford, Connecticut, and the West for a
period extending over forly years. Charles W. was edu
cated primarily at a school in his native place, and when
twelve years of age raoved with his parents to Farraington,
Illinois, where he remained during the ensuing six years.
At the expiration of this time he removed to Peoria, in Ihe
same Stale, vvhere he attended school, subsequently becom
ing a student at the Knox College, in Galesburg, in which
institution he was a pupil for ihree years. He also prac
tised dentistry in this place. Upon leaving the eollege he
settled in Peoria, then opened a dental office in Sing Sing,
New York, vvhere he resided for five years, controlling an
office also at Peekskill and Tarrytown, in parlnenship wilh
anolher dentist. Pie Ihen moved lo New York city, where
he practised during the succeeding two years, until an
affection of the throat compelled hira lo relinquish an ex
tensive practice. In 1S63 he relurned to Peoria, and there

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

409

resumed the practice of his profession in jiarlnership with
his falher, and in this town has sinee jiermanenlly resided,
in Ihe possession of a very exiensive and remunerative busi
ness. He had purchased an office in Chicago, intending to
control two separate establishments, but his practice in Peoria
speedily assuraed such large proportions that he was cora
pelled to abandon Ihis purpose and confine hiraself entirely
to one field of operations. Accordingly, after a brief trial,
he disposed ofhis interest in the Chicago branch. In 1868
his falher went out frora the partnership, and becarae
Assistant Uniled Stales Assessor for the Fiftli District. Pie
raade the first set of artificial teeth ever raanufactured in
Connecticut, and construcled it of a nuraber of huraan teeth
riveted upon a lignura vilEC base. He was one of Ihe
organizers of the IlUnois Slate Dental Associalion, of which
he is a member, and has at times contributed articles to
various dental journals. He has three children, one son
and two daughlers.

7f>(<J°

•ITHIAN, V/ILLIAM, M. D., was born in Cinein-
TA 1 nati, Ohio, in I7gg. His parenls were George
Q 1 1> Filhian and Sarah (Mulford) Fithian. lie was
~ educated by a private tutor, a Scotchman, vvho
taught in a select school. In i8ig he began Ihe
sludy of medicine at Urbana, Ohio, under the
instructions of Dr. Joseph Carter. In 1822 he jiassed the
examination of the Ohio Slate Board of Medical Censors,
and was licensed to practise. Commencing his professional
career at Urbana he practised there for about two years,
then removed to DanviUe, Illinois, at that early day con
taining but three or four country houses. From this tirae
to the present day he has been constantly engaged in his
profession, and has raet wilh deserved success. Many
years ago he was for a period drawn inlo jiolitics, and
served two terras in Ihe lower House of Ihe Illinois Legis
lature, and subsequently three terras in the Senate, having
been elected on the old Whig ticket. Pie was married at
Urbana, Ohio, lo the daughter of E. C. Berry, who died in
Danville, Illinois. lie was afterward again raarried, lo
Josephine L. Black, widow of Rev. J. C. Black, a talented
Presbyterian clergyraan, who died in Pittsburgh, Pennsyl
vania, in May, 1850.

fORRESTER, ROBERT H., Lawyer and Journal
ist, was born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, of
Scottish parents, his father having been an emi
nent scholar and professor of raatheraatics, and a
graduate of the University of Edinburgh. He is
about fifty-three years of age. He studied lavv al
Pittsburgh under the direction of Hon. Jaraes Dunlop.
After his admission to the bar he practised about two years
in the courts of that city, speedily acquiring, especially in
criminal practice, the reputation of a skilful and promising
52

lawyer. In 1846 he emigrated to the Slate of Kentucky,
and shortly afterward was placed at the head of a flourish
ing law school connected wilh a college at Georgetown,
Kentucky, vvhich he conducted for several years, Speaker
Blaine of the House of Representatives, then a jirofessor
in Ihe same college, having been one of his pupils. He
subsequently practised his profession in the courls of the
famous Blue Grass region of Kentucky, of vvhich Lexington
is ihe principal city, enjoying the reputation of an able law
yer, and holding in the old Whig party the position of an
eamest and eloquent advocate of its principles. A short
tirae before the outbreak of the rebellion he reraoved into
the cotton district of the Soulh, and engaged in colton
planting in Alabama, while still actively pursuing Ihe prac
lice of law. In 1864, al the solicitation of the " Fi'iends
of Peace and the Restoration of the Union," then a large
party in the Slate of Georgia, including such raen as Joshua
Hill, Alexander H. Stejihens, and Joseph Brown, he
assuraed the position of Editor-in-Chief of the Augusta
Chronicle and Sentinel, published at Augusta, Georgia, and
Ihe newspaper organ of the Peace parly in this section.
While editing the paper he wrote raany powerful and jiuii-
gent articles in favor of peace, and an iraraediate return to
the Union, and against the administration and perilous
policy of Jefferson Davis, whieh were extensively read
throughout the South, and exerted a palpable influence on
the public raind. In his editorial contests he frequentiy en
countered sueh spirits of Ihe Southern press as Pollard, of
the Richmond Examiner, and other advocates of rebellious
measures, and in the course of this journalistic warfare
wrote a lengthy and elaborate reply to an address of Howell
Cobb to the people of Georgia in defence of the suspension
of Ihe writ of habeas corpus by the Richmond government.
The only reply which H. Cobb, or his friends, ventured to
make to that manifesto was a tirade of abuse against the
Chronicle and Sentinel, which vvas published in an Atlanta
paper. His efforts in the cause of peace and re- union did
much to dispose the Southern mind in favor of a return to
Ihe Union, and so alarraing were they to the President of
the Confederacy Ihat a warrant for Ihe arrest of the publisher
of the Chronicle and Sentinel was issued and atterapted to
be served, but was defeated by the tiraely action of General
Beauregard, then in coramand at Augusta. In 1862 he
officiated as Provost Marshal General, first of western
Tennessee, and later of northern Mississippi, holding the
rank of Colonel in Ihe Confederate service, and being
charged wilh the administration of martial law, which he
adrainistered for the protection and lo the satisfaction of
Ihe people of those regions at a tirae of general disorder
and suspension of civil law. While officiating in this
capacity he treated vvith reraarkable kindness a large nura
ber of Union prisoners jilaced in his charge, his sanitary
raeasures for the preservation of their health being so com
plete Ihat scarcely & case of sickness, and not a single
death, occurred among them. At the close of the w.ar, in

410

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

1866, he was sent by the Confederate Secretary of War on
a mission to Memphis, to negotiate an exchange of cotton
for provisions, which President Lincoln had invited and en
couraged, as tending to reeonciliation by restoring coraraer
cial intercourse between Ihe hostile sections. In that
raission his efforts raet with success, General Dana, then in
command, giving hira a written order guaranteeing frora
attack the stearaer chartered lo carry on Ihe trade. Al the
termination of the contest he retired to his cotton plantation
in Alabama, on which he continued to reside, practising
law successfully in the neighboring courts, until, in 1868,
enfeebled health, and the unsettled condition of the country,
induced him to remove to Chicago, where he has since re
sided, occupied constantly by professional cares and duties.
He has gained many iraportant revenue cases in the Circuit
Court of the Uniled Slates, and has also conducted to suc
cessful endings various important causes in the Supreme
Court of Illinois.

OND, LESTER L., Lawyer, was born in Ravenna,
Ohio, in 1830. He passed his earlier days on a
farm, and in the practical study of the mechanical
arts. With but a fair common school education
and the learning acquired in the village academy,
where he had been an attendant for a few terras,
he applied hiraself to the study of law, and in 1853 was
adraitted to the bar. He subsequently practised in Ravenna
for one year, and in 1854 reraoved to Chicago, where he
engaged at first in Ihe general practice of law. His jirac
tical knowledge of mechanical arts and inventions, however,
and his natural liking for Ihe sludy of mechanics, chemistry,
and kindred sciences, induced him eventually to select the
law perlaining to patents as a specialty, and to the study
and practice of this he applied himself accordingly with
unremitting industry and energy. In 1866 he forraed a co
partnership wilh Hon. Edraund A. West, forraerly of Wis
consin, and Ihe firra of West & Bond is now engaged in
neariy every litigated patent case in Chicago and vicinity,
and has now an enviable reputation in Washington, New
York, and other Eastern cities. From 1863 lo 1866 he was
a raeraber of the Coraraon Council, and served in the Legis
lalure in the sessions of 1867 and i86g. He was also for
several years a member of the Board of Education.

OORE, SAMUEL M., Lawyer and Judge, was
born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, and is novv
about fifty-three years of age. He studied law al
Cynlhiana, in that State, under Hon. Jjimes Curry,
one of the oldest and raost accurate lawyers then
at the bar. In 1843 he entered on the practice
profession, and in 1845 reraoved to Covington, Ken-
where he was speedily recognized as a skilful prac-

of his
tucky.

titioner, and took rank with the most erainent men of the
tirae and place. In 1856 he was elected Judge of the
Ninth Judicial Circuit of Kentucky. In becoraing a candi
date for this office he refused lo accept the nomination of
any political party, and while on the bench studiously
avoided taking any part in jiarly jiolitics. His decisions
were invariably characterized by soundness and learning,
and he was distinguished for remarkable industry and his
rapidity in the despatch of business, while his decrees were
seldom appealed from or reversed. At the close of the
rebellion, his judicial term having expired, he reraoved lo
Chicago, and entered into his present law parlnership with
Hon. B. Caulfield, then in full jiractice. He has long been
a prominent and influential member of the Presbyterian
Church, filling Ihe office of a ruling Elder, and is regarded
by his church as a man of sterUng piety and integrity of
characler. In politics he has always been attached to the
Democratic party, and in Kentucky was one of the raost
influential and valued leaders of his party. Since residing
in Chicago, however, he has declined to lake any active part
in politics, devoting himself exclusively to professional
labors.

cKINNON, JOHN J., Lawyer, was born in Charies.
ton. South Carolina, and received his preparatory
education in his native city. He is a graduate of
the Jesuit College of Georgetown, District of
Colurabia, also of St. Rheiras, France. Upon
his return frora Europe he began the study of law
tinder the instructions of Nicholas Hill, of Albany, New
York, and subsequently wilh Christian Rozilius, of New
Orleans, Louisiana, finally wilh Swett & Orrae, in Bloom
ington, Illinois. In 1848 he came to Chicago from New
York, and has since resided permanently in the West. He
is a practitioner of superior abilities, and has been intrusted
wilh several very important cases in the .Sujirerae Court of
the United States. He converses fluentiy in several lan
guages, and is thoroughly familiar with the classics.

AN BUREN, EVARTS, Lawyer and Judge, was
born in Kinderhook, New York, in 1803. He
vvas admitted to the bar in 1827, when he re
moved lo Penn Yan, where he was brought inlo
contact with many of the most prominent legal
and political men of the day. In 1836 he re
raoved to Buffalo, and in 1840 returned to Penn Yan. In
1856 he carae lo Chicago, and in 1861 was elecled Judge
of the Recorder's Court. After serving one term he re
sumed the practiee of law, in which he is now successfully
engaged. He has taken an active part in polilics, and in
various criminal suits, which afthe time of their occurrence
attained a world-wide notoriety.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

411

^ANFORD, RAYMOND WHEELER, Lawyer
and Judge, of Verraillion counly, Illinois, was
born in Surarait county, Ohio, June 24lh, 1829.
His parenls were John lianford and Sarah E.
(Noble) Hanford. He was educaled at the Ken
yon College, in his native Stale, and graduated
from that institution in 1855. He coramenced the studyof
law in Ihe office of Thomas Corwin, of Cincinnati, cora
pleling his course under Ihe direction of J. M. Leslie. He
was adrailted to the bar in Springfield, Illinois, in l85g,
and subsequently began the practice of his profession in
Danville, the counly-seat of Verraillion county. In 1861 he
enlisted in Ihe I2lh Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry,
and shortly after was detaUed and acted in the Quarler-
raaster's department, ranking as First Lieutenant. Later
he becarae Regimental Quarlerraaster, and served in this
capacity until the lerraination of the conflict. In 1868 he
was elecled lo the bench to fill an unexpired term of Daniel
Clapp, in l86g was re-elected for tiie regular term of four
years, and was again elected in 1873. He was married,
November 3d, 1866, to Henrietta M. Prince, from Maine,
who died in i86g.

' MITH, SIDNEY, Lawyer, was born in Nevv Yoric.
lie began the study of law with Church & Davis,
in Ihe western part of the State, and was admitted
to the bar in Albion, New York. About eighteen
years ago he seltied in Chicago, where he has
since permanently resided, engaged in the practice
of his profession. In the preparation of a case he brings to
bear upon it tireless application, a comprehensive knowdedge
of law and of the authorities, and a keen and logical ajipre-
cialion of what is needed to conduct it to a successful issue.
He is one of the raost successful practitioners in this section
of Illinois.

f ORTON, PION. PHRAM, was born at Skeneateles,
Onondaga counly. New York, on February 26lh,
I7g9. At the age of fourteen, a destitute and
friendless orphan, with the siraplest rudiraents
of education, he crossed over to Canada in search
of eraployment, and was taken into the service of
the Canada Stage Company. When eighteen years of age,
havinp- saved a little money frora his wages, he was enabled
to enter Lowville Acaderay, in Lewis county, New York,
where he appUed hiraself to study for Iwo years, and laid
the foundation for Ihe culture and general knowledge of his
laler life; and when in 1858, after a long career of useful
ness and honors, he returned to participate in Ihe celebration
of the semi-centennial anniversary of the acaderay, he was
chosen by the alurani and students to preside at Iheir meet
ing. On leaving this place he returned lo Prescott, Canada,
and resuming his connection wdlh the stage line acquired

an interest in it and soon became its proprietor. Al Ihis
period he entered with great zeal into various raanufacturing
and commercial enterprises, and while yet a young man was
widely known as an active, public-spirited, and influential
citizen, and as such was called into public life as a represent
ative of the people. Pie was readily elecled to the Canadian
Pariiament, where he was twdce relurned, and durjng
fourteen years, embracing the stormy period of the rebelUon
of 1836-37, he reniained a jirorainent and respected raera
ber of that body. He was also one of the governraent
coraraissioners charged with the construction of the St.
Lawrence Canal, and the improvement of Ihe river naviga
tion, and assisted in building and testing the first steamboat
which descended the Sl. Lawrence rapids. In 1838 he
accorapanied the consulting engineer of the lUinois &
Michigan Canal lo the Slate of Illinois on a tour of inspec
tion, and becarae so enamored of Ihe country that he at
once removed his family from Canada and settled at Lock-
port, in Will county, the head-quarters of the canal opera
tions, vvhere he built a fine residence, and took an active
interest in the canal work, contributing largely by his
practical knowledge and influence lo Ihe successful comple
tion of that great undertaking, and also identified hiraself
wilh many of Ihe prominent interests of Ihe Slate. After
Ihe opening of Ihe canal he enlered inlo exiensive business
operations at Lockport, and in 1848, in corapany with his
two eldest sons, established the firm of Norton & Co.,
wdiich is slill one of the well-known business houses of the
State, in Ihe grain and milling trade at Lockport and
Chicago. In 1S58 he was sent, almost wiihout opposition,
to the State Legislalure. With Ihis exception, although
controlling great political influence and support, he never
sought cr held public office or jiosition in the West. His
life, ranging from the destitution and hardships of a homeless
boyhood, Ihrough trials and triumphs, and the manifold ex
periences of public and private li,''e, lo Ihe quiet comforts
and grateful honors of a serene and beautiful old age, was
a constant exemplification of the energy, integrity, and sim-
jilieity which formed the basis of his character. He was a
man of the most generous and kindly impulses. Incapable
of deceit hiraself, he vvas wholly intolerant of all shara and
artifice. Coraing lo Illinois a successful and enterprising
raan, in the prime of life, he was one of those who were
able lo meel the highest needs of a nevv Stale; and became
and remained one cf its leading citizens. Not ambitious of
political preferment himself he was one of those whose
support of other men, or Iheir measures, was always con
sidered a high indorsement. In Will county, vvhere he
resided nearly forly years, his business enlerprise and public
spirit contributed largely to the general prosperity ; while
his sterling characler and warm social nalure won for hira
the respect and affection of a host of friends. During the
last ten years of his life he left the cares of active business
lo his sons, though reraaining the head and counsellor of
the house up to the tirae of his death, and found recreation

412

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

in a trip to Europe, and afterwards in the adornment and
cultivation of the beautiful grounds about his residence.
In March, 1875, hc vvas taken sick, and after a short illness,
which seemed to be but the general failing of his bodily
powers, he died on the first day of April, 1875, at the age
of seventy-six years. He retained all his faculties to the
last hour. With his family all gathered about hira, with a
few calra, tender words to each, and a Christian's benedic
tion upon all, he passed away, as he had deserved to do,
painlessly and fearlessly.

[jOGUE, JOSEPH, M. D., vvas born in Philadeljihia
in 1333. His parenls were Joseph Pogue, a
banker and broker of Philadelphia, and Jane
Knox (Cooper) Pogue. He was educated at the
schools ofthe city, and in 1854 entered Ihe Penn
sylvania Medical College of Philadeljihia, frora
which institution he graduated in 1857. Emigrating subse
quently to Illinois, he settled at Alton, where he practised
one year, and at the expiration of that tirae reraoved to
EdwardsvUle in 1858. In 1862 he entered the service of
the United States as Surgeon of the I4lh Regiraent of Mis
souri Volunleers, but was aftervvards transferred to the 66lh
Illinois Regiment, vvith which he served for one year, when
he was promoted and detached, acting during the balance
of his terra of service as Brigade Surgeon in Sherman's
army. At the close of the vvar he relurned to Ihe practiee
of his profession at Edvv.ardsville, Illinois, where he now
enjoys an extensive praclice, and is looked upon as an able
practitioner and a skilful surgeon. Pie is a valued member
of the Madison County Medical Society. He vvas married
in 1S60 to Sarah Jane Whiteside, who died in October
1S62. He vvas again raarried, in 1866, lo Lizzie Hoagland,
of Alton, Illinois.

'ANNON, WILLIAM P., Lawyer, President ofthe
Vermillion County Bank of Danville, Illinois, was
born in Indiana in 1841. His father, Plorace
F. Cannon, w.as a physician. His mother was
Miss Hollinsworth. His parents were natives of
North Carolina. After receiving a public school
education in Indiana, he entered the lavv office of his bro
ther, J. G. Cannon, at Tuscola, Illinois, wilh whom he
Jirosecuted his studies. In 1862 he was adraitted to Ihe bar.
lie then practised his jirofession in Tuscola, in association
wilh his brother, until 1864, when he assumed charge of the
banking house of Wyeth, Cannon & Co., which he con
ducted until 1870. At this dale he organized the First
National Bank of Tuscola, and became ils President. In
1873 he removed to Danville, where he established the
Vennillion County Bank, of which institution he now offi
ciates as President. He is also President of the People's

BuUding and Loan Association, a flourishing institution of
Ihe same tovvn. He was raarried in 1064 to Anna M.
Walrasey, of Tuscola.

ERRY, HON. ELIAS S., Lawyer, was bom in
Charleston, South Carolina, in 1807. His father,
Williara Terry, was educated for the bar, but
never practised. In 1828 he commenced the
study of law in Virginia, and in 1832 was admitted
to the bar in that Slate. Emigrating subsequently
to Princeton, Indiana, he jiraclised his profession there
durino- the succeeding three years, at Ihe expiration of
vvhich lime he reraoved to Washington, in the sarae State.
He was then professionally and actively engaged in this place
until 1850, when he was appointed Recorder of the Land
Office, at Washington, District of Columbia, under President
Fillmore. The duties of that office he performed until AprU,
1853, when he returned to Indiana, establishing his office at
RockvUle, where he resided until June, 1858. He then
reraoved to Danville, Illinois, where he has since lived, and
is yet actively engaged in legal pursuils. In 1857, during
his residence in Indiana, he was elected to the Suprerae
Bench of the Stale, but the Governor failing to recognize a
vacancy therein, he did not take his seat. He served in the
Legislature of Indiana one session, and officiated also as a
member of the Constitutional Convention of that Slate, held
in 1852, and resigned his seat in that body to go lo Wash
ington, District of Columbia. He was also a raember of
the Constitutional Convention of Illinois, held in 1862. He
has also been a candidate for the Supreme Bench in Illi
nois, but failed to secure an election, allhough warmly sup
ported by his counly, which was politically opposed lo him.
Pie was raarried in 1838 to Elizabeth Jerauld, of Indiana.

OWELL, ISRAEL A., United States CoUector and
ex-Member of Legislalure, vvas born in Kenlucky
on August 25th, 1826. His father, Austin Craig
Powell, vvas a native of Georgia, and of English
exlraclion. His ancestors were among the first
emigrants who settled in Virginia, in the valley
whieh bears the family name, " Powell Valley.'' When a
young man he raoved frora Georgia to Kentucky, where he
married, and with his wife and her parents raoved to Gibson
county, Indiana, near Princeton. There he resided for raany
years. While on a visit to his parents in Georgia he was
taken sick and died. His raother was married again, to
W. D. Pritchard, of Gibson counly, and there resided until
1843, when they moved to Lawreiieeville, Illinois. Israel
A. attended the county school of Indiana for several years,
and then entered the High School at iPrinceton. After
wards he was taught by John Seed, at Lawrenceville. At
the conclusion of his literary course he began the study of

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

413

medicine at Lawrenceville, with Drsj Hays and Banks, and
continued under their tuition for three years. Dr. Banks
dying at that time, he commenced to practise wilh Dr. Hays,
and reniained vvith him for five years, when that practitioner
died. Until 1802 he pursued his profession alone, and
then abandoned it on account of ill-health. During the
war he was engaged in speculating in land. In November,
1867, he raoved lo Olney, Illinois, and continued his real
estate transactions, subsequently purchasing a drug slore in
that eily, and one at Vincennes, Indiana. He conducted
bolh at the same tirae until 1871, when he sold out. He
was then elected to Ihe Legislature. The session was the
first under the new Constitution, and it was a long and ar
duous one, the Chicago fire happening during its course, and
all the Slate laws being required by the new Constitution to
undergo revision. The session lasted ten months, and
throughout it Dr. Powell took an active part, being Chair
man of the Committee on Miscellaneous Subjects ; second
on the Committee on RaUroads ; and second on the Com
mittee on Congressional, Senatorial and Representative Ap
portionment. Soon after the expiralion of his term, he was ap
poinled by Presideni Grant Collector of Internal Revenue for
the Eleventh IlUnois District, a position he now holds. Soon
after Dr. Powell commenced to practise with Dr. Hays, the
first raedical society was organized in the Wabash Valley, act
ing under a charter frora Ihe Slate Legislalure. It was known
as the "Eiculapian Medical Society," and was organized
in part by Dr. Powell. In 1S56, on the formation of the
Republican parly, he was a meraber of the first Republican
Stale Convention, which was held at Blooraington, IlUnois,
and at which Givernor Bissell received the noraination for
the first office ; this noraination carried, together with all
the Slate ticket ; the nominees were Ihe first Republican
candidates elecled to office. In 1858, at the earnest solici
tation of friends, he quitted the praclice of medicine for the
tirae being, and canvassed the counties of Lawrence and
Crawford as a candidate for the State Legislature, there
being a Democratic raajority at the tirae of 1300. Although
the first RepubUcan candidate who had run frora those
counties, he was only beaten by 500 votes. Two years after
wards he again, to please his Republican friends, canvassed
the counties of Lawrence and Wabash, which then formed
one district, for the Legislature, against a former Democratic
majority of 550, and was defeated by only 154 votes. When
the war broke out, he was appointed by Governor Yales
Examining Surgeon, for several counties. He was incapa
citated for active service by reason of ill-health. Allhough
his intention of entering the service was thus defeated, he
took an active part in encouraging the enlistment of soldiers.
In this work he continued all through the war. He was
appointed by Govemor Palmer a delegate to the National
Convention for moving the capital of the United States,
which met at St. Louis; and again, by Governor Beveridge,
to the convention which raet for the sarae purpose at Louis
vUle. In 1S72 he was appointed by President Grant one

of three commissioners, of whom he was Chairman, to ex
araine the last section of the extension of the Chicago, Bur
lington & Quiney Railroad, vvhich connects that road wilh the
Union Pacific Railroad at Fort Kearney, Nebraska. He is a
charter-raember of Ihe DanviUe, Olney & Ohio River R.aU-
road, and served as its Treasurer for four years ; also, one
of Ihe charter-members of Emanuel Lodge, I. O. O. F., No.
32, Lawrenceville, Illinois, which was organized in 1846;
he has filled all the chairs in the lodge, and was elected six
years in succession as a Delegate to the Grand Lodge of the
State, and served three years as District Deputy Grand
Masler. He becarae a member of the Masonic Order in
1858, and has advanced to the degree of Royal Arch Mason.
Pie was married in Lawrenceville in 1847 to Adeline Bade-
lolte, who died in 1855. I" January, 1858, he was again
married, to PanneUa Riley, of Hartford, Connecticut.

OWELL, JOHN FROST, Manufacturer, was bom
in Chicago on August 29th, 1837. Plis parents
were George M. Powell and Aremesia Harmon.
Wilh only the advantages of a coraraon school
education he started in life as a hotel-keeper, and
continued at it till 1858, vvhen he raarried Mar-
celline Arno, of Waukegan. At this time he likewise en
gaged in raaking pumps frora poplar wood, and relinquish
ing the hotel in 1861, he devoted hiraself raore particularly
to purap-raanufacturing on Milwaukee avenue, Chicago,
where he also utilized forty acres of land as a raarket garden,
until 1863, when he gave up the latler enlerprise. Remov
ing his works in 1869 to Waukegan, he took in as partner
James S. Moran in 1S70, and continued the partnership till
1872 as Powell & Moran, when Mr. Moran resigned. Since
then he has canied on the business alone. The works were
destroyed by fire in 1873, entailing a loss of |S20,ooo. They
were soon again built up, and from the little beginning of
sending out fifty pumps in the first year, he now disposes of
8000 annually, at the value of jS52,ooo, employing many
hands and an engine of thirty horse-power. There is also a
planing and turning mill in connection, for making mould
ings, etc., the machinery of which cost ;?3000. Waukegan
has been celebrated in Indian tradition as a place where
raarvellous cures have been performed, and this, coupled
with raany undoubted restorations to heallh, induced hira to
subrait the waters to a celebrated firra of analytical cheraists
for analysis. The results gave the palm to these Magnesia
Spring waters as in many respects the best yet discovered in
Araerica, and through the enlerprise of Mr. Powell a special
benefit has been conferred upon the valetudinarians of the
counlry, raany of whora live to attest the permanent good
derived from their use. Agencies are established for fur
nishing the waters over a large area, and doubtless the pro
jector will yet reap deservedly great results from his far
sightedness. Although not yet arrived at the prime of life.

414

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

he has made his mark amongst the " raen of action," and
his achieving a foremost coramercial position is only a ques
tion of time.

ENNEY, D. K., Lawyer, vvas born in Platlsburgh,
New York, December 31SI, 1834, and is the tenth
and youngest child of his parents. He removed
in his infancy wilh his parents to northern Ohio,
Ihen a wilderness, and at the age of eight entered
a printing office, where he remained alraost con
stantly until he had attained his fifteenlh year. He Ihen re
moved to Madison, Wisconsin, and enlered the universily al
this place. Here, with the pittance earned in vacations as
a printer, he struggled Ihrough three years of close study,
deservedly taking high rank as a scholar. After leaving his
Ahua Mater he commenced the sludy of lavv, and in 1855,
at *he age of twenty, was admitted lo the bar at Madison,
and opened an office there. From Ihat lime until his re
moval to Chicago in 1870 he continued to enjoy an exten
sive and lucrative practice. He is a member of the firra of
Tenney, McCleUan & Tenney, one of the leading firms of
the city in commercial law. He excels in the office as
manager of the business, and as a counseUor and negotiator.

sREEN, WILLIAM II., Lawyer and ex-Judge,
was born in Danville, Kenlucky, Deceraber 8th,
1830. His falher is Dr. Duff Green, also forraerly
of Danville. On the raaternal side the faraily is
of Scotch origin, and nearly related to General
Siraon Kento'n, one ofthe early pioneers of Ken-
Williara H. was educated partly at the Centre Col
lege, in his native State. At the age of seventeen he began
teaching school, and continued at that avocation during the
ensuing three years. He subsequently studied law under
the inslruclions of Judge Scales, at Ml. Vernon, Illinois, and
in 1853 began the jiraclice of his profession in Massac
county, where he resided until 1863, vvhen he moved to
Cairo, which has since been his home. In 1858 he was
elected to Ihe lower House of the Legislature from the
dislrict coraposed of the counties of Massac, Pope, and
Hardin, and during the attendant session cast his vote for
Stephen A. Douglas for Ihe United Stales Senate as against
Abrahara Lincoln. In i860 he was returned a second lirae
frora the sarae district, .and in 1862 was elecled lo the State
Senate. In 1865 he was elected Circuit Judge ofthe Third
Judicial Circuit, serving three years. Since this tirae he
has been engaged in jiractising his jirofession at Cairo, as
the senior member of the firra of Green & Gilbert. Pie was
a raeraber of the Democratic National Conventions of i860,
1864, and 1868, and for several years past has been a raem
ber of the Democratic State Central Coraraittee. Also since
1861 he has been a raeraber of Ihe State Board of Education,

and connected vvith the Illinois and Central Railroad Com
pany for over ten years as ils attorney in Cairo and Southern
Illinois. He was married in 1854 to Miss Hughes, of
Union counly, Kentucky, and has two children.

TWOOD, JULIUS P., Lawyer, was born in Monk-
ton, Vermont, in 1825. Pie was educaled .at Ihe
Norwich Universily, began the study of law with
Judge Rich of the Sujirerae Court of that State,
and coramenced its practice with Hon. William
C. Wilson, afterward Judge of the same court;
and was for two or three years and until he removed to
Madison, Wisconsin, in 1861, Professor in the Franklin Law
School, at Bakersfield, Vermont. In 1854 he was appointed
Judge of the Dane County Court, and held that position for
two and a half years, when ill heallh comj.elled hira to
resign. Pie was Chairraan of the Democratic State Central
Comraittee, and in 1859 was naraed by the' Deraocratic
members of the Legislature as candidate for Judge of the
Supreme Court, but he declined to run, and in i860 was
Deraocratic candidate for Mayor at the first raunicipal elec
tion at IVIadison. In 1857 he organized the Governor's
Guard, and shortly after went to the Potomac as Lieulenant-
Colonel of the 6th Regiraent, infantry, but was early disabled
and compelled to leave. For two years he was partially
paralyzed, and after his recovery settled in Chicago and re
sumed Ihe practice of the law. In the fall of 1871 or 1872,
the lawyers from Wisconsin, resident in Chicago, wilh
unanimity requested him to run for Circuit Judge, but he
declined Ihe honor. In popular addresses he is terse and
methodical, often impassioned and sometimes eloquent.

^OODNOW, HENRY C, Attorney-at-Law, was
born in Waterford, Ohio, May 26lh, 1830. He
is of EngUsh and German extraction. His father,
a native of Massachusetts, vvas engaged in black-
sraithing, and resided in Ohio until his decease in
l85g. His mother vvas a native of Ohio. He
was educated at the Ohio LTniversity, in Athens, Ohio, and
while attending eollege commenced the sludy of law with
Mr. Jewett, of Athens. He was admitted to the bar at Ihe
date of his deparlure from eollege. He then taught school
for a period of six raonlhs in Jackson counly, Ohio. Subse
quentiy he settled in Saline, Illinois, vvhere he engaged in
the practice of his jirofession, in which he has continued
since that lirae. His professional labors have been crowned
with success, and he now enjoys a very extensive and lucra
tive Jiraclice, while his reputation jilaees hira among Ihe
first practitioners of Ihis section. In jiolitics he has always
been a Republican, and he has brought to its support talents
of no mean degree. In 1872 he was a Delegate to the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA

National Republican Convention which nominated General
U. S. Grant and Plenry WUson, at Philadelphia, Pennsyl
vania, lie was married February igtb, 1862, to Margaret
T. Newell, of Salem, Illinois.

'LARK, JAMES, President of Western Cement
Coinpany, was born in Ashburnhara, Sussex
county, England, September gth, 1811, his falher
being Jaraes Clark, a farraer. He enjoyed no
educational advantages bul those of the common
school, and at the age of fourteen was apprenticed
to a coachmaker until he should become of age.. He how
ever at the age of nineteen left and went alone to Araerica,
landing April i6lh, 1830, in New York city. He worked
at his trade Ihere for a few months, when he went lo Grafton,
Lorain county, Ohio, and opened a new farm for a wddow
lady, and in September of that year married her niece, Char
lotte Sargent, an English girl, whom he had formerly known
in his native land. They continued there four years and
sold out and raoved to La Salle county, Illinois, where he
opened a new farm in what is novv the town of Utica, in
the year 1834. He was afterwards a contractor on the Illi
nois & Michigan Canal for eleven years frora its beginning
until it vvas finished. In 1845 he entered the business of
raaking cement from a species of rocks found at Utica, and
during the last three years of work upon the canal furnished
cement for ils construction. In 1855 he took inlo partner
ship his son, John L. Clark. In 1868 he began also to
inanufacltire at Utica sewer pipes in company with his son,
J. L. Clark, and Williara White, and he continues engaged
in both these enterprises al Ihe present tirae, having acquired
large wealth by thera. His ceraent business has increased
from five thousand lo eighly-five thousand barrels a year,
and the sales of the sewer pipes for the last year amounted
to 1(30,000, in addition to whieh he owns and cultivates his
original farra in Utica, upon which he located forty-one
years ago, now comprising two thousand four hundred acres
and known by the narae of Clark's Falls, a roraantic and
beautiful spot. He is also President of the Western Ceraent
Company, having its office in Chicago, which controls sixteen
ceraent mills in various parls of the West, and is the largest
cement business in America, turning out 700,000 barrels
yearly. The town of Utica is a growth of his business, and
he owns ils stores, has managed its schools, and has general
control of the jilace, ii viUage of about 1500 inhabitants.
He was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1870 for a term
of two years, was for twelve years Supervisor of Utica, and
at one tirae Chairraan of the La .SaUe Counly Bounty Com
raittee, and settled up its affairs at the close of the war. He
has one daughter, Mrs. Charlotte W. Peckham, of Utica,
lUinois, and his vvife is slill living, to whom he has been
married for forty-five years. He is a man esteemed for his
private character and his business abUity.

415

ICHOLSON, AARON B., Agricullurisl, was born
in Logan county, Ohio, in 1826. Pie is Ihe son
of David T. Nicholson and Ruth (Brown) Nich
olson, lie was reared on ii farra, and from his
earliest days to the present time has been con
slanlly engaged in agricullural pursuits. In 1856
he settled in Logan counly, Illinois, and in 1869 vvas elected
on the Republican ticket lo the Senate of this Stale for a
term of six years. During his term of service he has acted
on Ihe following committees : on Railroads (both sessions) ;
on Agriculture and Drainage, of which he was Chairraan
(during Ihe first session) ;. and on the Stale Plouse and
Grounds. Prior to his election lo the Senate, he was elected
in i860. Sheriff of Ihe county, serving in that office for one
terra. Pie takes an active and useful part in public affairs,
and is tireless in his endeavors to further the interesls and
developraent of his counly and the town of Lincoln. lie
was married in 1846 to Jane Norton, of Michigan, who died
in 1851. He was again married in 1852 to Mary A. East
man, of Vermont.

ANN, JOSEPPI B., Lawyer, was born in Soraer
ville, New Jersey, November glh, 1843. -i^i^
falher, John M. Mann, was also it lawyer; his
mother was Eliza (Bonnell) Mann, of New Jersey.
He was educated at Rutgers' CoUege, New
Brunswick, New Jersey, and graduated from that
institution in 1865. He subsequently removed to the West,
and enlered the law department of the Chicago University,
where he remained for neariy a year, and al the expiralion
of this lime entered Ihe lavv office of Judge P. L. Davis, then
practising in Danville, Illinois. In February, 1867, he was
admitted lo the bar and commenced the practice of his pro
fession in Danville, becoming associated vvith Judge Terry.
Upon dissolving his connection with that practitioner, he
formed a law parlnership wilh Hon. O. L. Davis, with whom
he continued his connection until his colleague was elecled
lo Ihe bench. He is one of the leaders at the bar of Dan
ville, and possesses an exiensive general practice. He was
married in 1 874 to Lucy Davis, a daughter of Judge O. L.
Davis.

JLIESPIE, JOSEPH, Lawyer and ex-Judge, was
bom in the city of Nevv York, in iSog. His
parents, David Gillesjiie and Sarah Gillespie,
were from Ireland, and emigrated to Illinois in
1819, locating in Edwardsville.' Pie was partly
educaled at privale schools in his native city, and
also subsequently in select schools at EdwardsviUe, where,
wilh Ihe exception of a few years spent in Ihe lead raine
dislrict of Galena, he has permanently resided since iSig.
After corapleting a course of le.gal sludies under Ihe instruc
tions of Hon. Cyrus Edwards, he was admitted to the bar in

4i6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

1837. In 1836 he vvas elected Probate Judge ofthe counly,
and served one terra. In 1840 he was elected to the lower
Plouse of the Legislature, where he also served one terra, and
subsequently filled a Senatorial seat for a period of eight
years. He was a wann personal friend of Abraham Lincoln,
who relied on him in those days lo promote and sustain hira
i.l his Jiolitical aspirations and raoveraents, and he still pre
serves raany letters received frora the martyr President in
the tirae vvhen he and Douglas were fighting for supreraacy.
In 1861 he vvas elected Circuit Judge of the then Twenty-
fourth Judicial District, coraprising the counties of Bond,
St. Clair and Madison, and servgd on this circuit for twelve
years. He was married in 1845 to Mary E. Sraith, of Vir
ginia.

||ASSETT, MOSES F., M. D., was born in Wind
sor county, Vermont, June 27th, 1821. Plis
falher was a farmer in raoderate circurastances,
wilh a large family, and not able to give this son
such an education as he desired. At the age of
fifteen years, having selected the medical profes
sion for his occupation, with the consent of his jiarents he
started out in the world to fit himself for his chosen field of
labor by his own unaided exertions. Going to Albany, New
York, in the fall of 1836, he procured a situation vvhere a
considerable portion of each day would be at his own dis
posal. Upon a salary of Iwo and a half doUars a week he
purchased his food, paid the rent of a small furnished roora,
hired books, and paid for two recitations a week. For two
years he worked, studied, and subsisted in this manner,
gaining considerable knowledge of Latin, physiology,
chemistry, botany, and olher branches that he thought im
portant to fit hira for Ihe sludy and practice of raedicine.
Procuring some medical works, he then went into the
countiy and taught a district school for the winter. The
fjliovving spring he relurned lo Albany and obtained a
place as student in a physician's office, and also a situation
as assistant teacher in a private academy. A year and a
half more vvas spent in teaching and reading medicine,
when he abandoned teaching and becarae an assistant to
his medical preceptor in office and out-door praclice. In
the raeantirae, by the friendship of sorae of the professors in
the Albany Medical College, who were aware of his airas
and struggles, he had been perraitted to attend gratuitously
the lectures and clinics of this institution, and though not
raalriculated or enroUed in the catalogue, had made better
use of his privileges than many of ils regular students. In
the autumn of 1841, by the urgent invitation of a gentleman
who had been his patient in Albany, and by Ihe advice of
his preceptor, he accompanied this gentleraan to Barnstable,
Massachusetts, lo spend the winter in trying his skill on
several of this man's friends who were suffering from
chronic diseases. His success there was so good that he
acquired quite a local reputation, and he concluded to

locate in a village near by and go into general practice.
This step he has since regretted very much ; nevertheless,
his first year's praclice was a success, and he can look back
upon it now and see no great errors in diagnosis or treat
raent. Two years aftervvards he reraoved to Falmouth,
Massachusetts, and at once went into a large and successful
praclice, where he reraained for Iwo years, vvith the excep
tion ofthe lecture season of 1846-47, which he spent at the
Medical CoUege at Worcester, Massachusetts, and gradu
ated therefrora. In 1853 he went West and located in
Quincy, Illinois, where he soon acquired a large praclice,
and is now one of Ihe oldest and most widely-known phy
sicians in that portion of the State. He has been for many
years an active raember of the Adams County (Illinois)
Medical Society, and is also a member of the American
Medical Associalion. During the lale war he filled Ihe
very responsible position of Surgeon to the Board of Enrol
ment of the Provost Marshal's Bureau, Fourth Dislrict,
Illinois, and discharged its duties in such a raanner that at
the close of the war, in the published reports of this depart
raent, he was mentioned as the model Surgeon of the ser
vice, lie was also comraissioned Pension Surgeon, and
performed the duties of that office in Quincy for several
years. He is a zealous raeniber of the Masonic fraternity,
and has taken all the degrees known to that order but one.
He is still in active practice, in his fifty-fifth year, keeping
up with the advanceraent of the profession, and performing
an araount of labor that few men of forty could accomplish.

RUMBULL, HON. LYMAN, Lawyer, ex-Judge,
and United States Senator, was bom in Col
chester, Connecticut, October I2lh, 1S13. His
prelirainary education was acquired at the Bacon
Acaderay, in his native town, vvhich in those days
was one of the best institutions of learning in New
England. While in his sixteenth year he becarae engaged
in teaching in a district school, and at twenty years of age
removed to Georgia, where he assumed charge of an acad
eray at Greenville. While pursuing this vocation he em
ployed his leisure tirae in studying law, purposing to
embrace ultimately the legal profession. After his admis
sion to the bar in Georgia, in 1837, he removed to lUinois,
settling in BeUeviUe, St. Clair county. In 1840 he was
elected a representative in the State Legislature from that
county, and before the expiration of his term was, in 1841,
appointed Secretary of Stale of Illinois. After serving in
this office for two years he resuraed the practiee of his pro
fession, in which he speedily acquired an erainence and
distinction that placed hira among the ablest leaders of the
b.ar in this State. The Secretaryship of State was tendered
him by Governor Carlin and taken from him by Governor
Ford. He subsequently sought the Congressional nomina
tion from BelleviUe, twice, but on each occasion raet wilh

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

417

failure. He was then a candidale for Uniled States Sen
ator and Governor, a noraination for vvhich offices, however,
he did not succeed in securing. In 1846 he vvas norainated
for Congress, and here again met wilh a defeat. In 1848,
finally, he was norainated and elected one of the Ju.slices
of the Stale Sujirerae Court, under the new Constitution,
and in 1852 was re-elected for nine years, but resigned in
1853. While on the bench he distinguished him.self by
ad.nrable acuteness of discrimination, accuracy of judg
nient, and thorough familiarity with organic and statute
laws. In 1S54, after his resignation, he was elected a
representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress from the Belle
ville dislrict, then eni'iracing a wide extent of counlry.
Before taking his seat in the House, however, the Legisla
ture elected hira to the Senate of the United Slates for the
term of six years, coraraencing March 4lh, 185 5, 'and ending
in 1861. During his terra of service he served as Chair
man of the Committee on the Judiciary, and as a raeraber
of the Coraraittees on Public Buildings and Grounds, on
Indian Affairs, etc. During Ihe stirring political contests
which attended the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law, and
the organizalion of Ihe Territories of Kansas and Nebra.ska,
he took a bold stand against Ihe policy and doctrines of Ihe
old Deraocratic party, with which he had been actively and
Jirominentiy identified, and espoused Ihe cause of freedom,
of which he becarae a zealous and efficient defender. In
all questions bearing upon slavery he placed himself in
direct and irreconcilable opposition to his colleague, Mr.
Douglas, more especially in his famous popular sovereignly
jilan of settling the question in dispute in Ihe Territories
and fulure States. With such eminent and powerful ability
did he hold in check and corabat the raeasures and opin
ions of his opponents on Ihis measure, that he at once
gained a n.alional reputation as a statesman of extraordinary
powers. In i860 he advocated ably and earnestly the elec
tion of Abraham Lincoln, and in the opening of tiie succeed
ing year, imraediately previous lo Lincoln's inauguration,
and When the vvar of the rebellion had virtually ojiened, he
vvas one of Ihe leaders in the Senate of the Union parly,
and was fearless and outspoken in his advocacy of prompt
and decided measures for the raaintenance of the Union.
In l85i he was re-elected for a second term, and in 1867
for a third terra in the Senate of the United States. As
Chairman of Ihe Judiciary Coraraittee of Ihe Senale — a po
sition which he has held uninterruptedly since 1861 — he
framed and advocated some of the raost important acts
which were, jiassed by Congress during and sinee the war.
He was one of the first to propose the amendment to the
Constitution abolishing slavery in Ihe United Slales, a
proposition which passed Congress and was ratified by the
requisite votes of two-thirds of the Slates. In the Thirty-
sixth Congress the increasing difficulties of the country were
considered by the Senate, and when the bill to provide a
teraporary governraent for the Territory of Arizona came
before that body, he sustained the vievy, in ojijiosition to
S3

Mr. Green, of Missouri, Ihat when a territorial government,
which, at the time of acquisition, was under a law prohibit
ing African slaveiy, becoraes incorporated vvith the govern
ment, without any action of the peojile Ihere, or any desire
to have the existing laws changed, the existing stale of
things should be continued. When, on the nth January, a
resolution was offered in the Senate by Mr. Hunter of Vir
ginia, authorizing the relrocession by the Presideni of the
lorts and arsenals within any State upon the application of
the Legislature, or a convention of the people of such Stale,
taking al the sarae time projier security for their safe-keejiing
and return, or payment for the same, he at once offered an
amendment approving the act of Major Anderson in aban
doning Fort Moultrie and taking possession of Fori Surater.
In his subsequent reply to the raeraber frora Mississippi who
asserted the right of a State to withdraw from the Union, he
spoke with bitter warmth, and in a few terse sentences
exposed the sophistry of his opponent's arguments : " He
has a most singular vvay of maintaining the Constitution.
What is il ? Why, he proposes that Ihe government should
abdicate. If it will simply withdraw ils forces from
Charleslon, and abdicate eilher in favor of a raob or of the
constituted authorities of Charieston, vve vvill have peace!
etc." In the discussions which arose concerning the reso
lution declaring legal the acts which had been done by Ihe
Presideni in the after recess of Congress, he objected on the
ground that no declaration could make legal acts vvhich
were illegal, and "was disposed to give the necessary
jioviver to the administration to suppress this rebellion."
His subsequent expression of his vievvs of the object of the
war also were admirably and fearlessly expressed. In the
Thirty-seventh Congress he took a prominent part in the
discussions relating lo the following measures : on the
Transfer of Certain Suits to the Uniled Slales Courls, en
the Discharge of State Prisoners, and on Corajiensated
Eniancijialion in Missouri. In ihe Thirty-eighth Congress
he was prominent in Ihe debates resulting from the produc
tion of the following raeasures : on the Oath of a Senator,
on Colored Voters in Montana, on Amending the Conslilu
tion, and on Confiscation. And, among olher measures
arising under varying circumstances in ensuing sessions, he
took a leading and influential jiosition in relation lo the fol
lowing : on Trials by Miliiary Coraraission, on the Electoral
Vote of Louisiana, on the Admission of a Senator from Vir
ginia, on the Governraent in Louisiana, on the Validity of
Certain Proclaraations, on Repeal of the Amnesty Clause,
on Reconstruction, on Allowing Drawback at Boston, on
Louisiana Affairs, and on Ihe Louisiana Governmeni Bill,
etc. Also, he advocated with notable abilily the acts estab
lishing and enlarging the Freedman's Bureau, and elo
quently defended the Civil Rights BiU. He voted for the
acquittal of President Johnson on the articles of impeach
ment. He resided in Belleville, Illinois, until l84g, when
he removed to Alton, in the same State, and subsequently, in
1863,-10 Chicago.' As an orator he is devoid of imagery

4i8

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and omateness of diction, but as a clear, close, and system
atic thinker, with an exceUent memory and a wide and
varied knowledge of public affairs, and an extensive ac
quaintance with lavv, he was araong the most formidable
debaters of the Senate.

fOORE, CLIFTON H., Lawyer, was born in Lake
county, Ohio, Oclober 26th, 1817. Plis parents
were Isaac Moore and Philena (Blish) Moore.
His earlier education was acquired in his native
Slate, and in 1840 he commenced Ihe study of
lavv in Tazewell county, Illinois, under the in
structions of Bailey & WUmot. In July, 1841, he was
adraitted to practise, and in the following raonth established
his office in Clinton, Ihe counly-seat of De Witt county,
where he has since perraanentiy resided, successfully en
gaged in professional labor. He is the oldest practitioner
at Ihe bar of De Witt counly, and possesses an extensive
practice. For raany years he acted as Postmaster of Clin
ton, and was a member of the lUinois Constitutional
Convention of i86g-70. He vvas married in August, 1845,
to Elizabeth Richraond, of Tazewell county, who died in
April, 1872. Pie was again raarried, in 1874, to Rose
Oiislein, of Lorain counly, Ohio.

JEFFENBACHER, PPIILLIP L., M. D., was
born in Northuraberland county, Pennsylvania,
February 6th, 1830. He is the eldest son of
Daniel and Catherine (Long) Dieffenbacher.
Plis parenls emigrated lo Ihe West in 1837, and
settied in what was Ihen part of Tazewell (now
Mason) county, Illinois. He reniained at horae and helped
improve a nevv farm nntil 1849, when he relurned to Penn
sylvania for the purpose of attending school. He entered
the Newville Academy, a preparatory school lo the Jefferson
College at Canonsburg, vvhere he finished his preparatory
education. In 1851 he commenced the study of niedicine
in the office of Drs. P. H. and S. PI. Long, of Mechanics-
burg, Pennsylvania. In 1853 he entered the Jefferson
Medical College, of Philadelphia, and graduated in the
spring of 1855. He then estabUshed his office in Mount
Joy, Lancaster counly, Pennsylvania, and there began Ihe
practice of his profession. In the spring of 1856 he re
turned to the West and located in Havana, Illinois. In
1857 he was married to Frances A. Parmelee, of Lockport,
New York. In 1862 he enlered the United States service
as First Assistant Surgeon of Ihe 85th Regimenl of Illinois
Infantry, and was promoted to Surgeon, wilh rank of
Major, in June, 1863. He served wilh Ihis body until Ihe
close of the war, when he relurned to Havana, where he
has since resided, constantly occupied in the duties con
nected wdth his j.rofession, in vvhich he makes surgery a

specially. Pie perforraed the operation of resection of the
shoulder joint for gunshot wound, successfully, in i860,
just before the war. He is a raeraber of the State Medical
Society, also of the Mason County Medical Society, of
which at the preseni tirae he is Vice-President. He is
Uniled Slates Pension Surgeon' for Mason county. He was
raarried a second lime, in 1874, to M. M. Mitchell, cf Bath,
Illinois.

OLK, LEONARD W., Sculptor, was born in
Wellstown, Montgomery (now Hamilton) counly.
New York, November 7th, 1828, descending
from the eariiest settlers in that Slate. His
father. Garret Volk, was a marble cutler, and his
mother, whose maiden name was Gesner, came
from the historical faraily of Anneke Jantz Bogardus.
Leonard was one of a faraily of four sisters and eight
brothers, and a great portion of his youlh was spent on a
farra at Berkshire, in Massachusetts, to which his falher
had retired after his engageraent on the marble work on Ihe
old City Plall of New York. He worked hard, suffered
many hardships, and had to pick ttji his education at the
winter sessions of a country school. The frequent migra
tions of the faraily from point to point interfered materially
wilh his studies, vvhich, al times of unusual progress in Ihe
various coraraon school branches, he was corapelled lo sus
pend, suffering the loss in the interim of the headway he
had made in sludy. His final school experience was at
Lanesboro', Massachusetts, graduating from his common
school pupilage in 1844. Al Ihe age Ihen of sixteen he
enlered the marble factory run by his falher and elder
brother, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to learn the trade of a
marble cutter. When he had o'ltained considerable skill as
an apprentice he went to Springfield, in the same Sl.ale,
working there and subsequentiy at Pittsfield as a journey
man. At the suggestion and request of another brother,
alsosa raarble cutler, he went to Bethany, New York, where
Ke forraed the acquaintance of an accoraplished young lady
who seven years after became his vvife. He was employed
for some time as a journeyman at Batavia, Rochester, Albion,
and Buffalo, and during this period the family of Miss Bar
low moved lo St. Louis, to which place, in 1848, he himSelf
raoved on the receipt of an offer of fifty dollars a month
from an establishment in that city. lie was stimulated to
unusual exertion and study by Iwo aims: lo secure the love
of the object of his adrairation, and to becorae something
more than a skilful carver in marble of ornamental work
and lettering. He was ambitious lo be raore than this — lo
enjoy Ihe success and the reputation of a sculptor in the
fullest and broadest interpretation of Ihat word. He was
aware Ihat Ihe road lo this eminence was a difficult one,
paved as it generally has been from the outset wilh discour
ageraents even lo those possessing in Ihe highest degree
artistic taste and renius. Once resolved, he commenced

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

4'9

the basis of his future career, hoping for and very often
doubting the result of this venture. He commenced lo
draw and raodel in clay, and one of his first etforls was a
bust of Dr. J. K. Barlow, designed from a daguerreolyjie.
He produced this in the fond hope that Miss Barlow raight
see and admire it and ajijilaud his skill. His hopes were
more than realized. His conscientious sludy was guided
by artistic taste and nice diseernraenl, and his jirogress,
vvhich surmounted, through Ihe impulse of never-failing
energy, unusual obstacles, was unusually rapid. Pie made
a life-size copy of Plan's bust of Plenry Clay, the first of ils
kind in raarble ever executed west of the Mississippi river,
and which he subsequently sold in Louisville, Kenlucky.
After Ihis achieveraent he was comraissioned by Archbishop
Kenrick to cut two alto rilievo medallions, from an ivory
rainiatuje of Major Biddle and his wdfe, for Iheir mauso
leum. While in his new departure he was arlisticaUy suc
cessful, his pecuniary encouragement was sraall and discour
aging, and he was obliged to return to his old trade as a
marble carver and letlerer. This he prosecuted with much
zeal, laying by enough to carry him to Italy, vvhere he
niight see the rare creations of the old raasters, and draw
frora Ihem not only inspiration bul renewed vigor. In this
Jirofession he was one of the first to erabark west of Cin
cinnati. About Ihis time, in 1852, he vvas married to Miss
Birlow, and for sorae tirae thereafter worked at Galena and
Rock Island, Illinois. At Galena his studio vvas visited by
the lale Senator Douglas, who vvas a relative ofhis raother,
and who, discerning in the young artist Ihe evidences of an
artistic talent, generously exlended him the aid of his great
Jiersonal influence and advice. He urged Mr. Volk to go
to Chicago, as a locality more bountiful in ojijiorlunilies for
displaying his genius. Mr. Volk, however, first gave St.
Louis another trial, and met with discouragement. Thence
he went lo Rock Island, where, two years after his first
nieeting wdlh Senator Douglas, he again saw him. The
latler off^rreJ to furnish the means to send hira to Italy, and
this friendly proposition was accepted. Mr. Volk reraoved
to Chicago in 1855, where he deterrained to settle; and
then, leaving his vvife and only child in the care of his
brother, at Pittsfi.eld, Massachusetts, he set sail for Europe
in Septeraber of' that year, from New York. Pie spent
nearly eighteen raonths in Italy in Ihe study of Ihe sublirae
works of art in the great galleries, churches, and studios,
and was received cordially in the " Eternal City " by Craw-
ft>rd, Randolph, Rogers, Barlholemew, Jues, and Mozier,
artists whose naraes are farailiar wherever modern sculpture
is known. WhUe occupying Mr. Jues' studio Mr. Volk
modelled his first statue — that of Washington Cutting the
Cherry Tree — and this artistic creation vvas highly com
mended by his brother artists. His visit was saddened by
the announcement by letter of the dealh of his child. He
left Rorae in January, 1857, for home via Florence, Leg
horn, Gibraltar, and New York, and in June of that year
arrived in Chicago wdth bul five dollars in his pocket.

Judge Douglas generously came lo his assistance, and he
went energetically to work. One of the first of his brilliant
pi'oduclious was a bust of his benefactor. In 1858, a year
memorable for the exciting campaign for the Uniled States
Senatorship between Douglas and Lincoln, Mr. Volk was
commissioned to execute a life-size statue ofthe former, and
this order he executed rajiidly arid wilh strilfiing fidelity lo
Ihe original. This slalue was the nucleus of ihe first Fine
Art Exjiosilion of the Norlhwesl, wdiich Mr. Volk organized
in 1859, and which was held in Burch's building, at the
corner of Lake street and Wabash avenue. Of ihis exhibi
tion he vvas the Superintendent, by the appcintmenl of the
Board of Directors, and in all its artistic details he raani
fested the finest taste and discriraination. He spent- the
winter of i860 in Washington, and published a " statuette"
of Douglas, who was then looked upon as Ihe ccraing
Presideni, which was made from sittings in Chicago. Mr.
Lincoln, shortly after, while in that city, redeemed a prom
ise he had previously raade, to sit for his bust, and Ihe
vvork was conducted in Mr. Volk's studio, in Portiand
Block. The sculptor produced an adrairable copy, which
was afterwards cut in marble, and in 1866 disjiosed of lo
ihe Crosby Art Associalion, wilh the understanding that it
should be sent to the great Paris Exposition Universelle,
held in the year 1867. This was done, and il was received
araong the artists of Eurojie as one of the finest raarbles in
Ihis exhibition. During the Presidential campaign of i860,
the busts of bolh candidates, reproduced by Mr. Volk, were
sent lo all sections of the counlry, bul wilh, unfortunately,
indifterent pecuniary success. Most of the winter of 1S61-
62 was spent by him in the Chicago Art Union ; but the
breaking out of ihe rebellion materially interfered wilh the
benefits which, under Ihe sway of tranquillity, would have
resulted lo local artists from this association. Mr. Volk
was among the first lo enlist when Suratgr was fired upon
and President Lincoln raade his call for troops. The regi
raent to which his corajiany was attached was never filled
up, however, and he and his ecra-rades were disbanded.
During the railitary and naval movenients from Sl. Louis
and Cairo he and sorae brother artists commenced the
painting of a panorama of the war, bul he wdlhdrew his in
terest before its completion. His next undertaking was the
organization of ihe Douglas Monument Asst elation, in which
he was aided by Rev. Williara Barry, D. A. Gage, and
others. He was selected as Secretary, and the associalion
accepted his plan for the proposed raonuraent, Ihe corner
stone of which was laid wilh imposing ceremonies in the
auturan of i856. The Work of erecting that impusing
tribute to the great statesman vvas left entirely under his
supervision, and all ils details were by him carried out wilh
great care and skill. At the request of the widow of Sen
ator Douglas he took charge of the grounds ¦ of the latter's
eslate in the southera part of Chicago, and look up his own
residence in a collage, al Collage Grove, once occupied by
Mr. Douglas. With a keen sympathy for those struggling

420-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

against Ihe adversities he himself encountered, he is active
in doing all that can benefit young artists battling for suc
cess. He succeeded in obtaining subscriptions for the pur
chase of George P. A. Healey's (the eminent portrait
painter) private gallery of paintings, which were placed in
the keeping of Hon. J. Y. Scammon, to be held in trust for
the subscribers. He started a chartered association for the
Jiurpose of opening a public art gaUery, with this fine col
lection as a nucleus, and, with the generous assistance of a
number of public-spirited gentiemen, he secured the lease
of Ihe old Walker mansion, at the corner of State and
Washington streets, which was ojiened as an Art Building,
with studios, and here for a long time he had his quarters.
From this place he went lo his ovvn marble-front building,
on Washington street betvveen Wells and Franklin, designed
and erecled by hira for art and business jiurposes, being
joined- in this enterprise by his friend. Dr. Edraund C.
Rogers, a brother of the faraous sculptor. He has jiaid
great attention to designs for monuments for parks and
cemeteries, and amrng his productions is the Firemen's
Monument at Rosehill, and several military monuments,
one of whieh was ordered by Dan Rice, the showman, and
erected by hira al a cost of over ^5000, at Girard, Pennsyl -
vania, in honor of the soldiers of Erie counly. Mr. Volk
was the chief organizer and manager of the art galleries
whieh forraed so consjiicuous a feature of the two Chicago
Sanitary Fairs, one in 1S63 and one in 1865, for the aid of
sick and wounded soldiers. A great deraand sprung up
during Ihe war for copies in jilaster of his bust of Lincoln,
and it was infringed upon by parties in Nevv York and
elsewhere, and justly indignant by the infringement of Ital
ians in Chicago, he enlered Iheir shops and broke their
moulds and c.tsts, for vvhich they prosecuted him for Ires-
pass, but faiied to gel satisfaction. He has, by the most
persistent vigor, achieved success after the most dismaying
faUures and under the most discouraging circuraslances.
The recognition of his genius as a sculptor is general, and
he is quoted as one of the leading artists of the country, a
distinction which he has earned, and which is the just -re
ward of his labors.

OGAN, HON. JOHN A., Uniled Slates Senator
frora Illinois, was born in Jackson county, Illinois,
,^^ on February gth, 1826. His falher. Dr. John
Wp Logan, carae from Ireland lo Illinois in 1823.
Y Plis mother, Elizabelh (Jenkins) Logan, was a
native of Tennessee. His eariy education he re
ceived partly from his falher and partly frora such schools
as were set up from lirae lo tirae by teachers who visited
the new setileraent. Plaving thus laid a foundation he
becarae a student at Ihe Louisville University, from which
he graduated in due course. On the oulbreak of Ihe Mex
ican war he enlisted as a private in the Illinois volunteers,
and was chosen Lieutenant in a corapany of the Ist Illinois

Infantry. He did good service as a soldier, and becarae
Quartermaster and Adjutant of his regimenl. At the close
of Ihe war he relurned home, and in the fall of 1848 began
the sludy of lavv in the office of his uncle, Alexander M.
Jenkins, forraerly Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois. In
Noveraber, iS+g, he vvas elected Clerk of Jackson county.
He slill pursued, though soraewhat desultorily, his legal
sludies, attended a course of lavv lectures in Louisville, and
having received his diploma in 1857, he commenced Ihe
praclice of his jirofession with his uncle. In the raeantinie
he had by his popular raanners and high abilities won <an
exceUent place in public esteem, and in 1852 had been
elecled Prosecuting Allcrney of the Third Judicial District,
a position hc held until 1857. He had also, in the fall of
1852, been chosen a raember of the State Legislature, and
been three times re-elected — in 1853, 1856, and 1857. In
1856, also, he had been returned as a Presidential Elector.
In Ihe year following the forraation of his partnership wdth
his uncle, in 1858, he becarae a candidate for Congress on
the Democratic ticket, ancl was elecled. So well did he
serve his consliluents, and so thoroughly did he secure their
confidence, that he was re-elected in i860. Up to the lime
when it was manifest that the South vvould jirecipitate a
struggle and seek to overthrow the Union, he had been an
ardent Democrat, and in the Presidential campaign of i860
he earnestly espoused the cause of Stephen A. Douglas.
As soon, however, as he saw the Union endangered he
jiroraplly declared ihat in tiie event of Abraham Lincoln's
eleclion he would " shoulder his musket to have him in
augurated." While serving in the Thirty-seventh Congress,
on the called session, in July, 1861, he joined Ihe troops
that were marching through Washington to meet the enemy.
He fought in the ranks at the disaslrous battle of Bull Run,
and was among the last lo leave the field. Subsequentiy
believing he could serve his country better in Ihe field than
in ils legislative halls, he resigned his seat, and in Septem
ber, 1861, entered the array as Colonel of the 31st Regiraent
of Illinois Infantry. His coraraand first encountered the
foe at Belraont, where Colonel Logan had his horse shot
under him. He led his regiment in the attack upon Fort
Henry. In the assault on Fort Donelson he received a
.severe wound, which incapacitated him for sorae tirae for
active service. Immediately, however, he was at all fit for
duly he reported to General Grant, at Pittsburgh Landing,
and in March, 1862, was made a Brigadier-General of vol
unleers. Subsequently he bore a prominent part in the
raoveraent against Corinlh. In Grant's northern Mississippi
carapaign General Logan commanded the 3d Division of
the I7lh Army Corps, under General McPherson, and his
skill and bravery vvere so distinguished as to lead to his
promotion to the rank of Major-General of volunteers, his
commission bearing date November 26lh, 1862. He par
ticipated in the struggle at Port Gibson, and contributed in
no small degree to the victory there won. At Ihe battle of
Raymond he saved the day by his personal valor ; at Jack-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

421

son he' did yeoman service' in defeating the eneray, and in
the battle of Champion Hill he played a conspicuous part.
During the siege of Vicksburg he comraanded McPherson's
centre, and on the 25th of June made the assault after Ihe
exjilosion of the mine. His column vvas the first to enter
the city, of which he was made Military Governor. In
Noveraber, 1863, he secured anolher and iraportant railitary
step, being appointed to succeed General Sherraan in com
raand of Ihe 15111 Army Corps. He led the advance of the
Army of the Tennessee in the raoveraent at Resaca, and al
Dallas he encountered and repulsed Hardee's veler.ans.
Anolher distinguished service he rendered in driving the
eneray frora his line of works at Kenesaw Mountain. At
Atlanta, after the fall of General McPherson, he succejded
that gallant and able officer in command of the Army of Ihe
Tennessee in that desjierate battle. And so until the close
of the war he was continually in active service, ever dis
tinguishing himself by his railitary skill and gallantry. He
was appointed Minister to Mexico in 1865, but declined.
Becoming a candidate for the Fortieth Congress as Repre
sentative frora the State of IlUnois at large, he was elected
by a large majority, and vvas re-elected to the Forty-first.
In the laller he served as Chairman of the Comraittee on
Military Affairs, a position for vvhich his experience pecu
liarly filled hira. He was a second time re-elected, but
before he could take his seat in the Forty-second Congress
he was elected by the Legislature as the successor of Richard
Yales in the Uniled States Senate. He entered that body
on March 4th, 1871, and his terra extends until March 3d,
1877. Since the outbreak of the war he has affiliated wilh
the Republican party, and his earnest, able advocacy of the
distinctive principles which drew hira within ils ranks has
contributed in considerable ineasure to the maintenance of
ils supremacy. He is a man of great pojiularily and a
steadfast friend of the Soldier wilh whom he fought so
bravely for Ihe preservation of Ihe nation.

iANDALL, GURDON P., Architect, was bora in
Brainlree, Orange counly, Vermont, February
i8lh, 1821, iind possessed the advantages of a
thorough public school education in early life.
In his youlh he as.5isted his father, who was en
gaged in the lumbering and building trade, and
on reaching manhood was married lo Louisa Caroline Drew,
on January 31st, 1842. When twenty-two years of age he
moved lo Boston, where he vigorously comraenced Ihe
sludy of practical architecture in ils higher forras, and soon
became proficient as a designer, taking precedence in this
line over many who had for years followed the profession
of designing and building architects. Until the age of thirty
he confined his attention exclusively to designing and con
structing churches and railroad buildings, making of the
tatter a specialty, in which he obtained a very fine reputa

tion. Nearly all Ihe buUdings of the Vermont Cer tral and
the Rutland & Buriington Railroads, together with raany
of those on the New York Central and Syracuse & Bing
hamton Railroads, were erected from designs furnshed by
him, and were by him sujiervised in construction. He after
wards enlarged the sphere of Lis professional labors lo era-
brace all branches of Ihe art, for which he was fully prepared
by arduous sludy and by a talent for originality which is not
often lo be encountered. In 1850 he raoved lo Syracuse,
Nevv York, where he rael wilh great success. In 1856,
infected alike wilh tnousands with what was popularly
terraed the " western fever," he went lo Chicago, wdiere he
found many forraidable coinpetilors in ihe j-rofession of
archilecture, and all engaged in a thriving business. He
found the field within thecity proper thoroughly occupied,
and by men whose abdity couid not be discounted. The
most promising prospect to hira as ii new-comer vvas the
suburban vicinity aud the towns and cities whose destiny
was controlled almost by ihal of Chicago itself Chicago
was then as novv the cenlr.alizing point of norlhweslern
trade, and he conceived the idea that il should be and could
be the central point of professional labor. He commenced
his labors in this direction and his jierseverance was
rewarded wilh unbounded success, richly merited by his
patience, his energy, and his genius. While the competitors
for the field of architecture in Chicago 7>«- se have surpassed
hira in obtaining patronage in that city, he has outstripped
thera in securing jirofessional and lucrative employment
beyond ils immediate boundaries, and has achieved a repu
tation whieh is not limited lo a ciiy, but which may be said
to be co-extensive wilh improvements in the entire north
west for the past twenty years. Pie has designed and su
pervised the construction of more buildings in the country
which is tributary to the coraraercial greatness of Chicago
than any olher architect of his time. His business grew
very rapidly in projiortion, and he vvas compelled lo employ
a large nuraber of draughtsmen to get out the working plans
of the buildings he had designed. While he gives his atten
tion to structures of all kinds and adapted to every variety
of Jiurpose, he raakes a specialty of those devoted to public
uses, such as churches, court-houses, schools, halls, etc., and
is almost exclusively engaged in iraportant work of this
nalure. He designed Plymouth Church, on Wabash
avenue;' the Eighth Presbyterian Church, at the comer of
Roky and Washington streets; the Newberry, Skinner and
Haven public school buildings, which furnished the models
for nearly all the schools since erected in Ihal eily ; the
Theological Seminary ofthe Norlhwesl, at Hyde Park; the
Northwestern Universily, at Evan.ston; and many splendid
residences conspicuously adorning some of the finest thor
oughfares in Chicago. Beyond the limits of Chicago, his
genius embodied in brick and slone and wood is even more
prominent, but it wdll be irapossible lo enuraerate in Ihis
connection more than Ihe following edifices erected from
his designs : the Norraal University, at Blooraington, Illi-

422

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

nois; Ihe Court House, at JacksonvUle, IlUnois; Metropolis
College, Metropolis, Illinois; the Minnesota State Normal
School, al Winona; and Wisconsin Normal Schools, at
Whitewater and elsewhere. The cost of these buUdings
mainly ranged between $85,000 and $150,000. Many of
ihe finest public school buildings in ihe country vvere
planned by him, as for instance, the high school at Aurora,
Illinoi-; ; the schools at Galesburg, Jacksonville, Litchfield,
Olney, Da Qinin, Macomb, Pekin, and Sycamore, Illinois;
al Laporte, Indiana, and al Winona, Berlin, and Red
Wing, Minnesota. He designed the Jefferson Liberal In
stitute (Universalist) at Jeffjrson, Wisconsin ; an acaderay
and convent (Catholic) at Leavenworth, Kansas; and the
Convent of the Sacred Heart, at Sl. Louis. His designs
for educational institutions were received vvith so much
favor in the West, that he was soon called upon to fill
orders fiom the East and South, and he has been profitably
engaged in these architectural labors. Plis designs possess
the raerit of novelty, beauty of proportion, and convenience
of internal arrangement, and are accepted as the productions
of a raan eminently fitted for the difficult and hazardous
profession of a practical architect. He is a man of fine cul
ture and of public sjilril, and has taken a high place in the
profession and in the esteem of the community. Latterly he
has turned his attention to general science, and deUvers
entertaining and instructive lectures on various topics, espe
cially on that of light and ils jihenoraena. Beyond Ihat of
Justice of the Peace, he has filled no political station, and is
independent of parly affiliation in his support of candidates
for civil station.

rcCAGG, EZRA BUTLER, Lawyer, was bora at
Kinderhook, a village lying near the Hudson above
olll II ¦'^^^^ York city, Noveraber 22, 1825. His falher
/^w'v was a raerchant vvho early in life acquired a for
tune, and soon retired to an estate near Kinder
hook to enjoy the fruits of his active and indus
trious business career. Ezra B. was educated at home under
the care of a neighboring clergyman. When nineteen years
of age he entered the law office of Monell, Hogeboom &
Monell, prorainent lawyers of Hudson, New York, as a law
student, and read law for some years under the direction of
these preceptors, vvho have all since occupied high judicial
stations in Ihe Slate of New York. In 1847 he was ad
mitted lo practise, and soon after' reraoved lo Chicago, vvhere
he associated with J. Y. Scararaon, the firra being known as
Scararaon & McCagg. In i84g Plon. Sarauel W. Fuller was
admitted to the parlnership, the firm-name being changed to
Scammon, McCagg & Fuller. This organization of the
firra, which very soon won an erainent jiosition in the esti
raation ofthe bench and bar, remained thus eonstittited until
1872, when Mr. Scararaon withdrew, and Mr. W. I. Culver
was adraitted, and Ihe reorganized partnership continued the
same, with the exception ofthese changes, until 1873, when

the dealh of Mr. FuUer occurred. This firm enjoyed a very
extensive and important practice, covering many of the more
iraportant civil cases presented for adjudication to the eily.
State, and Federal courts. Ils individual members were
men profoundly read in Ihe lavv, wilh rare abilities for the
duties of advising and acting advocates. Mr. McCagg, dur
ing the civil war, was an induslrious promoter of the United
States Sanitary Commission, and filled the arduous jio,sition
of President cf the Northwestern S.anitary Commission. Pie
vvas chosen as first President of the Chicago Club, and has
been Trustee ofthe University of Chicago, and of Ihe Chicago
Acaderay of Sciences, and is new one of the Board of Man
agers of Ihe Chicago Bar Association. He is a gentieraan
of scholarly tastes and acquirements, and prior to the mem
orable fire of 1871 had, besides his law library, one of Ihe
largest miscellaneous liliraries in Ihe Northwest, the forraa
tion of which had been the labor of raany years. His col
lection of Ihe writings and letters of Ihe eariy Jesuits and
settlers of the northwestern States and Territories was one
of the best extant. This library was wholly destroyed, and
rauch reliable data of Ihe opening and seltiement of the
great Norlhwesl was lost. Mr. McCagg is ii Republican
from conviction, and while he takes a profound interest in
Ihe progress of civil affairs, he is in no sense a jiolitician ac
cording lo the modern interpretation given lo that term. He
has given a great deal of his time and attention to the pro
motion and imjirovement of the syslein of popular education,
and to all raoveraents for the moral, intellectual and material
prosperity of Ihe community in vvhich he resides. Pie pos
sesses no ccmnion degree of abilily as a lawyer. His argu
ments, vvhich are- models of composition and eloquence, de
rive their greatest force from the clearness wilh which the
issues involved are presenled, and the logical precision wilh
vvhich his conclusions are attained. He is a leading and
highly esteemed member of the bar, and has, moreover, ihe
respect of the entire community in vvhich he moves.

ATTERSON, ROBERT WILSON, D. D., Pro
fessor in the Presbyterian Seminary, in Chicago,
was bora January 2lsl, 1814, near MarysvUle,
East Tennessee, being the son of Alexander and
S.arah E. (Stevenson) Patterson, both natives of
South Carolina, and descending on both jiaternal
and raaternal sides from a long line of Scotch Presbyterians,
who held Iheir faith Ihrough a century of persecution, and
whose descendants, lo escape intolerant lyranny, look refuge
in this country. In 1824 his falher, fearing the infiuence
which the instilulion of slavery might have upon his chil
dren, removed lo Illinois, six years after that Stale had been
admitted to the Federal Union, wilh an organic law pro
hibiting huraan bondage. Shortly after Ihis migration his
father died, leaving Ihe care of his large faraily to his widow,
a woman of great energy and rare acquirements. Robert

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

423

remained upon the homestead farra until his eighteenth year
was reached, when he entered Illinois CoUege, having been
prepared for this course by the teaching of his mother. He
pursued his studies in this institution, then presided over
by Dr. Edward Beecher, vvith great assiduity, and with the
aim of perfecting himielf for the ministry. Ujioii the com
pletion of his collegiate course, he entered Lane Theological
Seminary, and prosecuted his theological studies under Pro
fessor Stowe and Dr. Lymm Beecher. He inherited frora
his mother a p-ission and taile for rausic, and became profi
cient as a violinist, in Ihe playing of which he found recre
ation frora his laborious and taxing appUcation to study.
Upon leaving the seminary Dr. Patterson went to Chicago,
where he labored for twelve years as a pastor, and was then
called to the Chair of Didactic Theology in Lane Serainary,
as Ihe successor of his forraer preceptor, Lyman Beecher.
This teraiting offer he, hovvever, declined. In i85g he vvas
chosen Mideritor of the General Assein'jly of the New
School Presbyterian Church, and afterwards becarae a raeni
ber of the conference wliich devised a jilan of uniting the
two sehoils, wliich wis eventually hajipily consuraraated.
Dr. Patterson wis Pastor ofthe Seeitid Presbyterian Church
of Chicago, which was organized i.a 1842. In 1841 Dr.
Patterson, then astudeni in the Seminary, acted as " supply "
to the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Church, and created
a very profound im.iression amiiig his hearers by his elo
quence and the varied resources of his mind. In Ihe fol
lowing year Ihe nevv orjiniz.ilion called him to their head,
ani he accepted thi pastorate, which he filled for more than
a quarter of a century. He is a string doctrinal, but not a
controversial, preacher, holding to a strict orthodox inter
pretation of the Presbyterian Confession of Faith, which he
e.NipDunds with logic and eloquence. He was as a pastor
very popular, both in and out of the pulpit, and was con
stant in his attendance on the sick and suffering. He is
now a Professor in the Presbyterian Seminary at Chicago.

i^ HERMAN, FRANCIS P., ex-Mayor of Chicago,
was bora in Newtown, Connecticut, in the year
1805, and reraoved with his family to Chicago in
April, 1834. Wilh the aid of a fellow-workman
shortly after his arrival, he built a frame dwelling
on Randolph street, between La Salle and Wells,
wliich he opened as a boirding-house. This hotel of raodest
pretensions, which originally was about twelve feet high,
eighteen feet wide, and thirty feet long, was soon occupied,
-and the landlord did, as it was commonly said then, a thriv
ing business. In the following year he purchased a leam
and wagon, wben there were no stage-coach facilities, and
railroads in Ihat then far western country were not dreamed
of, and carried passengers from Chicago to Joliet, Ollawa,
Galena, Peoria, and olher interior points, and generally had
the good luck to fall in wilh a retura load. In 1835 he

moved lo what is now Adams street, but in Ihe language of
those Jiioneer days, " out on the prairie," and commenced lo
manufaclure brick, and in 1835-36 built for himself the
first four-slory brick building erecled on Lake slreel,- on Ihe
lot raore recently used by Malson & Hoes for their jewelry
slore. For more than fourteen years he continued in the
manufaclure of brick, acquiring and iraproving a great deal
of valuable property in that period, and retired in 1850 wdth
a corafortable fortune lo reward his enterprise and his ener
getic labor. In 1836-37 he erected at the corner of Ran
dolph and Clark streets a three-slory building known as the
" City Hotel," which subsequently he reraodelled, turning
it inlo a five-story structure, 80 by 100 feet, vvhich vvas re-
christened the " Sherraan House." After quite a success
ful career Ihis building was razed in i860, and on its site he
erected a splendid edifice for hotel purposes, under the sarae
narae as ils jiredecessor, and this hotel soon gained the repu
tation of being one of the finest, as lo ils aecomraodations
and equipraenls, and Ihe best as lo ils management, in the
West. From his first appearance in Chicago Mr. Sherman
observed great interest in. political affairs, and was very soon
selected by his fellow-eilizens for.positions of honor and re
sponsibility. He was one of Ibe first Board of Trustees of
the town, and served until it was incorporated as a city, and
then became one of Ihe first city aldermen, and was rej-eat-
edly called upon to serve in that capaeily. lie vvas a mem
ber of the County Commissioners' Court, one of the Board
of Appraisers of Canal Lands, ii Sujiervisor for one of the
wards, and President of the Board vvhen the sale of the
Public Square was ordered, and by his influence and argu
ment defeated a scheme vvhich, had it been accoraplished,
raust have cost Ihe city a great and needless expenditure.
He succeeded in inducing the city authorities to contribute
liberaUy for Ihe erection in this area Ihe court-house build
ing, and did rauch, as a private citizen and as a raunicipal
servant, lo raise hira in the estimation of the people. As
early as 1843 he vvas elected a raember of Ihe State Legis
lature, and w.as a Delegate to the State Constitutional Con
vention, which was held in 1847. He has, since he arrived
at the estate of raanhood, with Ihe exception of one year,
acted with the Deraocratic parly, and becarae popuL r and
influential as one of the raost sagacious and practical of ils
leaders. In 1856 he vvas nominaled for the Mayoralty, but
was defeated. In 1858 he was the Democratic candidate
for the Legislalure, and sustained defeat. In 1862 he vvas
again norainated for Ihe Mayoralty of Chicago on the Demo
cratic ticket, and was elected over C. N. Holden, Esq. In
1863 he was re-elected for two years over T. B. Bryan, Esq.,
after a bitter contest. In 1862 he was the Dtraocralic can
didale for Congress, and in 1865 and 1867 respectively was
again Ihe Democratic candidale for Ihe office of Mayor of
Chicago. He is a gentieman of marked force of characler,
of good common sense, and of the highest integrity, and is
respected by the entire body of citizens as a tried public
servant and as a liberal and public-sjdrited man.

424

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA..

OOKINS, SAMUEL BARNES, Lawyer and ex-
Judge of the Supreme Court of Indiana, was born
in Rupert, Bennington counly, Vermont, May
30lh, 1809. Iiis falher, vvho died Ajiril 5lh, 1814,
emigrated lo Rodman, Jefferson counly. New
York, in February, 1812. Before attaining his
fourteenth year, being then the youngest of ten children,
Samuel set out for the West, May 5lh, 1823, the objective
pbint being Fort Harrison, where Zachary Taylor first dis
tinguished himself by defending the fort against an attack
made on il by the Indians. He was accompanied on this
occasion by his mother and a brother twenty-three years of
age. The route taken was from Sackett's Harbor to Lewis-
ton by the steamer " Ontario," and thence in a wagon to
Fort Slosher. Frora there the journey vvas continued in an
open boat to Buffalo, and in a schooner to Detroit, and later
to Fort Meigs, on the Mauraee. A canoe then carried
the party to Fort Wanye, whence Ihey were hauled by an
ox-teara to the head waters of the Wabash, from which
point Ihey descended the river again in a canoe to Fort
Harrison, and seltied near the then sraall village, novv the
flourishing city, of Terre Haute. This was the second
family which emigrated lo the West by what was known as
Ihe northern route, the usual path of emigration jirior to
this' time having been down the Ohio. By the treaty of
1821 the Indians had ceded a large part of northern Indiana
to the Uniled Slates, but slill occupied the country vvhile
the emigrants vvere passing through. Excepting a few
settlers near Fort Wayne, there vvas then but one settler
on the Wabash from that point to another about twenty
railes above Fort Harrison, Ihe Indians being the sole occu
pants of the intervening territory. About eighteen months
after reaching his Western home his mother's decease oc
curred. Left without the means or facilities needful to se
cure an education, and cherishing a longing desire to acquire
knowledge, he ajiprenticed himself signing his own inden
tures, his first achievement in the law, in 1826, to Ihe editor,
printer and publisher of the Western Register, the first news-
jiaper published in Indiana, north of Vincennes. Iiis first
jierformance in his new vocation was the pulling into type
for Ihe press " The Wonderful Narrative of the Death of
John Adaras and Thoraas Jefferson, which occurred July
4lh, 1826, on Ihe fiftieth anniversary of the day on which
they affixed their signatures lo the immortal declaration."
He subsequently jtssumed the role of journalist, acting as
such until 1832. Araong the leading journalists of that
day were Hezekiah Niles, editor of Niles' Register, and
Gales & Seaton, jiublishers of the National Intelligencer.
Having no olher occupation in view he made arrange
ments lo go to Washington City, and, in fact, had finished
the packing of his trunk and vvas ready for deparlure, when
an event occurred whieh changed materially the tenor and
purpose of his life. Hon. Amory Kinney, Ihen Judge of
the Circuit Court, with whom he had long been intimately
associated, had often called his .attention to the law. One

particular Saturday evening, on reluming from his circuit,-
having heard of the jirojected departure for Washington,
Ihe judge again presenled Ihe subject, and pressed hiin so
warraly and wilh such effect that on the ensuing Monday
raorning instead of taking the stage for Washington he sat
dovvn to study over Blackstone. After reading the usual
course he vvas adrailted to the bar in 1834, and thereafter
Jiraclised his profession until 1850, vvhen he was appoinletl
to the circuit bench. In Ihe last days of August, 1830, he
went to Vincennes, the first seat of government of Indiana,
to assist in establishing Ihe 'Vincennes Gazette, a newspaper
still published there. Twenty years, or thereabout, from
that day he relurned to the same place to hold his first court.
In 1851 Indiana adopted a new Constitution, with an elective
judiciary. The Slate vvas governed extensively by Demo
cratic views, and he was nominated on the Whig ticket for
Judge of Ihe Supreme Court, wilh Charles Dewey, David
McDonald and John B. Plovve, and defeated eventually by
fi.fteen thousand majority. Two years later, in 1854, after
the passage cf the famous Nebraska bill and Ihe repeal of
the Missouri Coraproraise, lie was again nirainaled lo the
same position, and elecled by about the same majority as
Ihat by which he had been defeated two years before. In
1858 he resigned his jiosition and came to Chicago, enter
ing the firm of Gookins, Thoraas & Roberts, which, with
the exception of the change caused by the' death of Ihe
raiddle meraber in 1863, has continued to the present tirae.
He was marrictl in Terre Haute, Indiana, in January, 1834,
to Mary Caroline Osborn, and has two children living — one
daughter, now married to Rev. George Duey, of Terre
Haute, Indiana, and one son, Jaraes l"'. Gookins, the well-
known artist of Chicago.

cCLURG, ALEXANDER C, Merchant, General
of Uniled States Volunleers, was. born in Philadel-.
phia, being the son of Alexander McClurg, Ibe
original builder of the Fort Pitt Foundry, al Pius
's Ti burgh, which was chiefly engaged during ihe war
in manufacluring cannon for ihe use of the army
ancl navy. His boyhood was mainly sjient in Ihe latter ciiy,
to which his parents, after his birth in Philadelphia, had re
turned. He graduated at Miami Univer.sity, Oxford, Ohio,
and upon his return to Pittsburgh coramenced the study of
law in the office of Hon. Walter H. Lowrie, then Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Impaired-
health, resulting from too close an .application to his text
books, compelled his relinquishment of this study, and in
Ihe .autumn of 1859 he removed to Chicago, where he en
tered upon his arrival the book -house of S. C. Griggs & Co.,
Ihe leading establishment in lh«at branch of business in Ihe
West. He brought to this calling not only fine natural
tastes and acquirements, but vigor and attention, and soon
thoroughly mastered all its details. He had assumed a prom
inent .positisn in this establishment vvhen Ihe war broke ont^

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

425

and he felt it his duly to enter the Union service. lie en
tered as a privale in Company D, 16th Regiment IlUnois
Slate MiUtia, Ihen coninianded by Captain, now General,
Bradley, of the regular service. His regimenl vvas intended
for three raonlhs' service, but it was not needed, and after
drilling for nearly this lime it disbanded. Mr. McClurg for
a short period resumed business, and upon the second call
of Presideni Lincoln he, as Captain of the Crosby Guards,
which he had partiaUy raised, joined the 2d Board of Trade
Regiment, which, under the command of Colonel Frank
Sherman, left for Louisville on September 4th, 1862. The
regiraent first moved to the defence of Cincinnati, which
was threatened by Kirby Sraith, and returned to LouisviUe
in time to particip.ate in Ihe battle of Pevryville, within one
month from the date of its leaving Chicago. Upon ils ar
rival at Nashville Captain McClurg was detailed as Judge
Advocate of an iraportant court-raartial, of which General
Woodruff, of Kentucky, vvas Presideni. His duties vvere so
ably discharged in this station as lo attract the attention of
Major-General McCook, vvho in May, 1863, placed hira
upon his staff as Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. In
this capacity he served through the carapaigns of General
Rosecrans against TuUahoraa and Chattanooga, participat
ing gaUantly in the battles of Liberty Gap and Chickaraauga.
Upon the reorganization of the array after Ihe latter engage
raent General McCook vvas relieved of his command, and
Captain McClurg, instead of being quietly, as he supposed,
allowed to return to his corapany, vvas iramediately eorapli
raenled with offers of preferment by Generals Thomas,
Sheridan and Baird. The laller offered hira Ihe Adjutant-
Generalship ofhis division, and this he accepted. The fol
lowing letter testifies lo the high estimation in vvhich he was
held by General Sheridan : " Winchester, Virginia, Novem
ber 16th, 1864. My dear Captain : . . . I am pleased to tender
you my thanks for the valuable services you rendered vvhile
wilh the 20lh Corps. I was anxious, immediately after you
-were relieved frora duty with General McCook, to secure
your services with rae, but the only position on ray .staff then
vacant — that of mustering officer — not being calcuLated to
exercise your military abilily, you declined il. Slill, I shonld
again have appUed for you had not my early transfer lo the
Cavalry Corps ofthe Army ofthe Potomac temporarily pre
vented. ... I will, at Ihe earliest practicable moment, if
agreeable lo you, be pleased to obtain the services of one so
thoroughly competent. . . I am yours, very truly, P. H.
Sheridan, Major-General United Slales Volunteers. To
Captain Alexander C. McClurg, Acting Adjutant-General
United Slates Volunteers." When this letter reached
Captain McClurg his Western coraraand was of loo impor
tant a character to perrait of his accepting ihe offer of ihe
hero of the Shenandoah. He continued Adjutant-General
of Baird's division whUe the army was beleaguered at Chat
tanooga by Bragg's forces, rendering valuable services in
that section and at the battle of Mission Ridge. His horse
was twice shot from under him in Ihis action, and his gal-
54

lantry was so conspicuous and so signal as lo secure distin
guished mention in general orders. On April 12th, 1864,
he was assigned to the office of Adjutant-General of the I4lh
Corjis, under General John M. Pialmer, of Illinois, and
shortly after accompanied Ihat corps in ils campaign against
Atlanta, wilh its five months of almost incessant action.
Three weeks prior to the fall of Atlanta M<ajor-General
Jefferson C. Davis relieved General Palmer, ''and requested
Captain MeClurg to retain his position at the head of the
staff al the same time applying lo President Lincoln to
assign him as Adjutant-General wilh the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel, The War Departraent at once coraplied in raaking
this appoinlraent, and in general orders Captain McClurg
was declared Chief-of-Staff. General Davis based his appli
cation for this promotion on the captain's brave and gaUant
conduct at the bailie of Jonesboro'. In the capacity to vvhich
he was formally assigned he participaled in the memorable
chase of Hood and Sherraan's raarch to the sea, participat
ing in all the principal reconnoissanees and skirraishes, and
in all the actions which raarked Ihe progress of Ihal splendid
achievement in the heart of the enemy's countiy. He vvas
at his post when the array triumphantly enlered Washington.
In a short time he was offered by telegraph Ihe Adjutant-
Generalship of the Deparlment of the Tennessee, Ihen in
command of General Stoneman, but declined it. He par
ticipaled during the war in the engageraents at Perryville,
Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickaraauga, Chattanooga, Mis
sion Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Adair.sville, Big Shanty, New
Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahoochie River,
Peachlree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro', Savannah, Averasboro'
and BentonvUle, in addition lo skirmishes and dangerous
reconnoissanees loo numerous to be here enumerated. His
abilily as an officer, as a disciplinarian and strategist, was
the subject of fiattering comment from many of his superior
officers, and he was urged by General Davis lo attach hiniJ
self lo the regular array, receiving a letter from that officer
to Secretary of "VVar Stanton recommending hira for a high
position. But he never used this coraraunication. General
Sherman sent him a letier which merits reproduction in
part. He said: " Il is both proper and right that I should
personally acknowledge my sense of personal obligation lo
the many young gentleraen who carae into the volunteer
array from civil life to serve our eommon country at a time
of her greatest peril, and who filled their positions with so
much credit to themselves and Ihe service. Among these
I recognize yourself, especiaUy during the time you were
Ihe Adjutant-General of the 14th Corps, under Ihe comraand
of General Jefferson C. Davis, during the siege of Allanla,
the march to Savannah, and the subsequent campaign which
closed the civil war. Accept ray best wishes for your success
in civil life.'' General Thoraas in a letter addressed to him
said : " I always recognized in you a very active and able
officer, as well as a courteous gentleman." Upon his retura
from the field Mr. McClurg re-entered the firra of S. C.
Griggs & Co., and reassuraed the prominent position which

426

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

had been kept open for him during his absence. As one
of Ihe junior raerabers of the firm he did much lo build up
ils business, and to heighten its character aniong the great
mercantile establishments of the Northwest. The firm is
now Jansen, McClurg & Co.

iHITEHOUSE, HENRY JOHN, D.D., LL.D.,
late Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Illinois, was
born in the city of New York in August, 1803.
After a preliminary Iraining he enlered Columbia
College, from which institution he graduated in
1821. Then he entered the General Theological
Seminary, whence he was graduated in 1824. He was or
dained a Deacon during the same year, and received full
orders in 1827. His first charge was at Reading, Pennsyl
vania, where he ministered to a parish for three or four
years. He then, al the earnest solicitation of Bishop Ho
bart, accepted the rectorship of Sl. Luke's Church, Rochester,
of which parish he remained the Rector for fifteen years. He
was called to Rochester during the prevalence of the anti-
Masonic excitement, and vvas chosen by Bishoji Hobart as
one in whom confidence could be placed lo assuage much
of the bitter feeling engendered by that strife. In 1844 he
was invited to the charge of St. Thomas' parish, in New
York city. He accepted the call, and officiated in the
capacity of Rector of Ihat church until 1851, when he was
elected Assistant Bishop of the Diocese of Illinois. To this
office he was consecrated on November 201h, 1851. On
the death of Bishop Chase in 1852 he succeeded to the
Bishopric. He was a man of strongly marked traits of
characler, wielding a powerful personal influence over Ihose
who were brought in contact vvith him, and, as a conse
quence, making bitter enemies and warm friends. His un
compromising nalure, when he looked at a question in the
hemen siccum of his clear inlelleet, made him very positive
in asserting his opinions, and in insisting upon their adop
tion by olhers. He was a man of great and varied learning,
with erainently the legal quaUly of mind, and as a jurist
vvould have attained to the highest position. There could
be no possible subject under discussion, in any branch of
literature, art or science, upon vvhich he could not converse
gracefully and learnedly, whether it was a vexed question in
admiralty law, or a painting of Turner's, or ihe Darwinian
Iheory. His early Iheological opinions had undergone a
change of lale years, his old position of a conservative church
man being left when he joined the ranks of Ihe Pligh Church
party ; and to this fact raay be attributed the trouble in Ihe
Diocese of Illinois, which led to Ihe defection of Mr.
Cheney and other clergymen. Bishop Whitehouse vvas
highly admired and respected by English churchmen, and
al the Pan-Anglican Council, held in Lambeth Piilace in
1867, he preached Ihe opening serraon, at Ihe request of Ihe
Archbishop of Canterbury. During this visit he received

bis decrees frora bolh Oxford and Carabridge, and was the
recipient of many distinguished attentions from the prelates
of the Anglican Church. Asa preacher he was intelleclu.ally,
rather than emotionally, eloquent, ihough his finest efforts
were considered to be his extemporaneous ones. Though
small of slalure he seemed to grow laller vvhen under the
influence of excitement, and as a presiding officer was emi
nent for his graceful dignity. On Wednesday, August 5th,
1874, he was seized wilh fainting fits, and for the first lime
in twenty years was prostrated upon his bed by sickness.
He died five days thereafter.

yvjONES, GEORGE WPIEELER, M. D., was born
Ji in Bath, Steuben counly. New York, in 1831.
,1 He is the son of John S. Jones and Chariolte
"" (Wheeler) Jones. He was priraarily educated
in part in his native place, and, his parenls erai
graling to Covington, Indiana, in 1848, completed
his studies at the Wabash College, in Crawfordsville, In
diana. In 1855 he commenced the sludy of medicine with
his father, a jihysician, and in 1859 entered the medical de
partment of the Northwestern University of Chicago. He'
graduated frora that institution in 1862, and iramediately
settled in Terre Haule, where he began the practice of his
profession. Al the expiration of about two raonths he en
lered Ihe service of the Uniled Stales as Acting Surgeon of
the 26lh Regiraent of Illinois Volunteers, on the call for
volunteer surgeons, and at once repaired to Pittsburgh Land
ing. After serving with this regiment during the ensuing
four raonths he returned to his horae, and vvas tendered the
position of Surgeon of an Illinois regiraent, but declined,
accepting afterward the position of Assistant Surgeon of the
63d Regiment of Indiana Volunleers, a step taken, wdth a
vievv to care for a younger brother, a mere boy, who had
enlisted in that body. He then remained in active service
until Ihe close ofthe war in June, 1865. During two years
of the time passed in military duly he was detailed on special
service on Ihe Operating Board of the 3d Division of Ihe
23d Array Corps. At the termination of the conflict he
seltied in Danville, Illinois, where he has since been pro
fessionally and successfully occupied, his practice being very
extensive and lucrative. He is a member of the American
Medical Associalion, and a member also of Ihe Slate Medical
Society. He has at times contributed to the literature of
the profession, -and is otherwise known as a man of scholarly
attainments. Pie has served as Surgeon for the Chicago,
DanvUle & Vincennes Railroad, but on account of the
pressure exercised by his privale jiractice vvas obliged to .
decUne reappointment. He is also Medical Examiner for
a nuraber of insurance companies. He vvas married in
1865 to Emelyn K. Enos, of Indianajiolis, Indiana, by
whom he has one child, a son, Uving. He is an active
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which or-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

427

ganization he has held various positions of trust, being
especiaUy devoted to Ihe Sabbalh-school interesls. A man
of liberal views, he is charitable in word as well as in deed,
but in all things he avoids display, bearing himself as a.
quiet, earnest worker in every good cause.

flXON, WILSON K., Merchant, Manufacturer and
Capitalist, was born in Geneva, New York, April
glh, 1826, and removed wilh his parenls and only
^_^,^^^^^ sister to Cincinnati in the spring of 1830. His
^0~, education vvas interrupted and irregular by the
delicacy of his conslilution, which vvas not jiroof
against continuous and arduous sludy. His instruction
mainly until his thirteenth year was reached was obtained
at home, and he was taught rausic, in vvhich he exhibited
when quite young great taste and proficiency, in order to
find in its harmony a relief from too close an application to
his books. In l83g his father, whose heallh was rapidly
faUing, vvas induced to visit Europe, and his son, Wilson,
joined him in this pleasant as well as profitable tour, which
occupied eighteen months. In the autumn of 1840 they re
turned to Cincinnati, and Wilson was soon afterward en
tered as a student at the Woodward College in that eily,
and prosecuted the various branches in ils curriculum wilh
so much energy and persistence that he was vvithin (wo
years prostrated by a severe illness, which for raonths threat
ened a fatal terrainiition. When he recovered, in Ihe spring
of 1843, he was directed by his physicians to leave school
and enter upon sorae active business, and when scarcely
seventeen years of age forme I .* partnership with a com
panion, a few years his senior, in the grocery line, under the
firm-name of Smith & Nixop. So successfully did these
young merchants prosecute this business, that in four years
t'ley estabUshed the first successful tea tr.ade in the West.
They soon, hovvever, disposed of this interest and opened
a large piano house, which is slill continued by the forraer
senior partner of the firm of Sniilh & Nixon. In the sumraer
of 1854 Mr. Nixon raarried the daughter of Miles Green
wood, proprietor of the Eagle Iron Works, and widely
known as an enterprising and public-spirited citizen of Cin
cinnati, whom he joined about the year 1857 and gave up
the piano business. Prior to this, however, the firra of
Smith & Nixon had erected a number of fine edifices bolh
fjr Iheir individual use and for rental, including three of the
fi ust concert rooms in the country. Several of the structures
reared by them are conspicuous slill on Fourlh street. During
the rebellion the large resources of Ihe Eagle Iron Works
were taxed to their greatest working capacity in Ihe service
of the government, and manufactured arras upon an exten
sive scale. It put up raachinery for rifling the old sraooth
bore rauskets, and comraenced experiments in the produc
tion of bronze guns, etc., conducting all its business most
suecessfiilly, not pnly for the interesls of ils proprietors,

Messrs. Greenwood & Nixon, but for the governraent. In
a short tirae it turned out over 50,000 rifled rauskets, £00
cannon, and thousands of war implements. It constructed
one of the finest of the sea monitors, but before this great
work was accomplished Mr. Nixon severed his connection
wilh Ihe establishment on account of failing heallh. Acting
ujion the advice of his physician, he removed to Chicago
on December isl, 1863, and decided lo make that ciiy his
perraanent residence. A long jieriod of inactivity lo one
of his vigorous energy was extreraely distasteful, and shortly
after his removal he recoraraenced his forraer business — •
the sale of pianos — and soon received the agency for the
finest and most popular eslablishraenis in this counlry. He
was called upon by the Messrs. Steinway, of New York, lo
supervise their business in the Northwestern Slates, and
filled this important business relation wilh the greatest suc
cess. This calling, however, did not absorb his entire at
tention. He secured possession of a large lot at the corner
of Washington and Clark streets, and erected a handsorae
structure, 180 feet long by 107 wide, in the centre of which
a concert room was set off, and elaborately fitted as well as
conveniently arranged. Ils accoraraodations were for 1600
people, and for many years this auditoritira, ill what was
prominently known as " Sraith & Nixon's Hall," w.as Ihe
finest concert and lecture room in that city. Eventually,
however, the vast increase of his own business corapelled
hira to convert this splendid hall to his own uses. Shortly
after he secured Ihe 'vacant ground between the Charaber
of Commerce and his own building, and erected a structure
adapted for large stores and offices, which formed one of
the most conspicuous ornaments, together with the former
hall, of the street. Failing heallh again required a change
of location, and accompanied by his faraily he visited Europe,
reraaining abroad for a year and a half. This trip proved
highly beneficial, and he returned to his various business
pursuits with fresh vigor. His enterprise and his integrity
of character have secured for him popular commendation,
and he is to-day one of ihe leading and one of the best
esteemed citizens of Chicago.

CHUYLER, HENRY N., Real-Estate Agent and
Mayor of Pana, Illinois, was born in Glenn, Nevv
York, on February 4lh, 1844. His father, George
S. Schuyler, was a native of New York and oc
cupied in farming ; his mother was Clarissa Van
Schrick. Pie attended school at Glenn, New
York, and vvhen nineteen years of age coraraenced farming,
in which he continued for two years, when he moved lo Ihe
West and localed al liiilsboro', Illinois. There he entered
the employ of Ihe American Express Company, and re
mained therein for four years and a half subsequently be
coming the Agent of the Merchants' Union Express Com
pany. In 1870 he moved lo Pana and enlered inlo Ihe

428

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

hardware line. In tiiis, however, he continued but a short
time, when he becarae the partner of John A. Hayward in
the money and real estate brokerage business, in which he
is slill engaged. In polilics he has always been a Repub
lican. In 1872 he was elected Mayor of Pana, and since
that year has been three limes re-elected, filUng Ihat office
at the present time wilh great acccjitabUity. Mr. Schuyler
is one of Pana's representative men and enjoys the esteem
of aU ils citizens. His record is clear, and his talent as a
business man has been deraonstrated in a most marked
manner. He came West vvith very littie means, bul by
industry and successful speculations he has been enabled
to amass a fortune. On February 25th, 1874, be was
married to Adeline Ii. Hayward, daughter of the late John
S. Hayward, one of ihe most successful raen in Ihe State.

]UNYAN, EBEN F., Lawyer, vvas born in Vic
toria, Cuba counly. New York, December 3d,
1S31, his father, a prominent farmer of Ihat sec
tion, having died before he attained his seventh
year. lie did not enjoy the advantages of a
good education, spending a short period in school
at Saratoga Springs. By self-application, however, he
steadily improved in learning, and secured a fund of prae-
¦tical knowledge which was available in after life. Upon
leaving school he acted as clerk in a store at Wilton, Nevv
York, remaining in that capacity until 1850. In the spring
of that year he raoved West, his journey being mainly
accoraplished on fool. He first settled in McHenry counly,
Illinois, and until 1853 engaged in farming during the
cultivating and harvesting seasons, and in leaching during
the winters. In January of this year he entered Ihe law
office of W. S. Searls, of Waukegan, where he remained
¦closely ajiplying himself to study, until his admission to
.the bar in 1855. He then went to Chicago, where he
comraenced the practice of his jirofession tinder the most
encouraging auspices. In 1856 he became a raeniber of
the law firm of Brown & Runyan, which vvas dissolved in
l35g. In i860 his former student, D. J. Avery, became
his partner, and in 1864 Mr. Comstock, another lavv
student, vvas added to the firm. The firm as at present
coraposed is known as Runyan, Avery & Coraslock, and
their praclice is a general one in all departments of the
law, and an exiensive and lucrative one. They have the
reputation of handUng more cases, and conducting Ihem
all ably, than any other lavv firm in Chicago. Nolwilh
slanding the great pressure upon his tirae and attention by
a d,aily increasing clientage, every case intrusted to Mr.
Runyan is carefully exarained in all ils details and bearings,
and is presented to the court or jury with a clearness and
-force of argument which rarely fails of a successful issue.
He assisted in Ihe defence of the eighteen indicted aldermen
of Chicago, in 1871, all of whom vvere acquitted. For a long

period he vvas the legal representative of the DanviUe &
Chicago and Pacific Railroad, and is now largely interested
in the grain trade of Chicago. He is a member of the
West Park Commission, and is lead by his active public
spirit to a prominent and influential participation in every
movement projected for the moral as well as material pros
perity and progress of that city. He was a member of the
Board of Education from 1864 lo 1874, and was chiefly
inslrunienlal in perfecting the system of popular education
in Chicago. Nolwilh-slanding his connection wilh various
business interests, he does not slight his jiractice, and may
alvvays be found al his office every day at 8 A. M. Pie is a
lawyer of keen penetration and does not hesitate to tell a
client, vvho gives hira the details of a case vvhich he desires
legally adjudicated, that he has no standing in a court, if
he hiraself is lead to that conclusion from a recitial of the
cause. If the case proves ii sound one, he thoroughly
identifies himself with his client's interest, and conducts
it with as much care and skill as though it were his own.
He is a gentleman thoroughly read in Ihe science which
he practises, of great discernment, with a sharp facully
for analyzing evidence; and with a readiness of resource
in argument which gives hira great prominence as a pleader
at Ihe bar. He has won his way to Ihe position of a lead
ing lawyer of Chicago by the exercise of a well-cultivated
mind and of energy. He was married January 2d, 1862,
to Flora R. Avery, of Chicago.

TALKER, H. J., M. D., vvas born in Rotterdam,
New York, August iilh, 1837. He is Ihe son
of Joseph .Slalker and Mary Ann (McChesney)
Stalker, natives of New York. His education
was acquired at the Lawrence Universily, Wis
consin. After the comjiletion of his allotted
course of studies in that institution, he moved to Chicago,
and vvas there employed in Ihe wholesale drug house of
Post & Badeau, where he was occupied during the ensuing
two years. At the expiralion of this tirae he reraoved lo
Iowa, and engaged in the retail drug trade, which he pur
sued for about four years. He then began the study of
dentistry and raedicine, practising at the sarae tirae dentistry
and applying hiraself to the study raore esjiecLally of the
laller branch of science. In preceding years he had felt
a strong desire to embrace the raedical profession, and,
bearing that design in vievv, read with profit many works
relative to medicine and the dental art. He accordingly
practised his profession for a period of four years. Subse
quentiy, under the guidance of Dr. S. R. Hewitt, he was
professionally occupied until 1873, at which date he re
moved to Chicago in order to complete his .studies, and in
1874 was graduated from the Chicago Medical College.
lie afterward removed to Cairo, where he has since per
raanentiy resided. On his arrival here he became an

^. u

CZyny%^

BIOCRAP.HCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

429

assistant to Dr. Ii. Wardner, one of the leading physicians
of Cairo. At the jiresent tirae, however, he practises
alone, and is regarded as a skilful and talented practitioner.
He is a meraber of the Alexander Counly Medical Society,
and a meraber also of the Southern Illinois Medical Asso
ciation. During the vvinlers of 1873-74 he acted as an
assistant in the Mercer Plospital, of Chicago. He vvas
married in March, 1865, lo Ellen L. McNeill, of Wiscon
sin, by whom he has had three children, one of whom is
dead.

'ULEY, M. F., Lawyer, -was born in Louisville,
Illinois, and is about forty-seven years of aoe.
He removed to Chicago in 1843, began there the
sludy of law, and in 1846 attended the law school
in Louisville. lie was admitted to the bar in
Chicago in 1847. During the Mexican war he
served three years in the volunteer service, as First Lieu
tenant of Company F, of the Fifth Illinois Infantry. At
the close of the vvar he went into New Mexico, and re
mained until 1854. During his residence there he filled
the position of Attorney-General, and served Iwo terras in
the Legislature. After 1854 he engaged in professional
labor in Chicago, earning high regard bolh as a gentleraan
of character and culture, and as a learned and upright
lawyer. lie was elected Corporation Counsel in l86g.

HERMAN, JULIEN STILES, A. M., M. D.,
was born in Quincy, IlUnois, February 7th, 1843.
His falher, Seth C. Sherraan, of Connecticut,
was one of Ihe early pioneers and settlers of
Quiney, and ¦a leading practitioner at the bar in
this place. His mother was Elizabeth Ann
(Tuttle) Sherman, of Vermont. He enjoyed the usual
public school advantages of his native place, until he had
attained his fifteenth year, when he was placed at Ihe
State Military School, in New Plaven, Connecticut, where
he -spent three years. Upon leaving this institution, he
entered the Sl. Paul's College, localed at Palrayra, Missis
sippi, in i860; and at the outbreak of the rehellion, and
the subsequent closing of the school, returned to Quincy,
and resumed his studies at home. He eventually received
his degree of A. M. from the St. Paul's College, conferred
upon him by this institution after its reorganization. In
1862, selecting Ihe raedical profession, he entered the
office of Drs. Hosmer A. Johnson and Edmund Andrews,
who were at that time associated in practice. After
matriculating from the Chicago Medical College, he grad
ated in 1865, and coramenced the praclice of his pro
fession in Chicago, where he has since, with the exception
of one year passed in Europe, permanently resided. On
bis retura from abroad, he became Professor, in his Alma

Mater, of Orthopoedic Surgery, and at the present time
occupies this chair. He confines his practice chiefiy to
genilo-urinary surgery, and in that branch of the profession
has met wilh notable success. He was married in 1871
lo Florence Meignells, of New York'.

OOD, WILLIAM, M. D., was born in Bethle
hem, Coos county. New Hampshire, February
8th, 1822. He is the son of David Wood and
Abigail (Hosmer) Wood. He graduated, in
1850, frora Dartmouth College, Hanover, New
Hampshire; also, in 1852, in niedicine, from the
Castieton Medical College, in Vermont. Previous, how
ever, lo his graduation in these iii.slitulions, he enlered, in
April, i83g, as an apprentice, the blacksmith shops of E. &
T. Fail-banks, at St. Johnsbury, Caledonia county, Ver
mont. At the completion of a four years' course of sludies,
he was an inmale, for one year, of the Burlington (Ver
mont) College, whence he was Iransferred lo Ihe Darl-
raoulh College before raentioned. Oclober I71h, 1852, he
settled in Cairo, Illinois, where he has since conslanlly
resided, engaged in Ihe practice of his profession. For
six years he has been Attending Physician of Ihe St. Mary's
Infirmary, and for ten years City and Counly Physician.
For many years also he has officiated as Overseer of the
Poor. He has been and is novv engaged in farming on an
exiensive scale. He was a Director of Ihe Cairo Loan
and Insurance Corapany, has owned and operaled several
saw-raills, acted as a loan broker lo a great many people
throughout the Stale, worked various garden farms, and
been a large operator in building; and also has been a
leading and energetic mover in many other enterprises of
a nature more or less important. Bul, notwdthslanding his
numerous outside occupations, he has never permitted the
duties attached to Ihera to interfere wilh his praclice, and
he is now one of the raost successful physicians in this
section of the Stale of Illinois.

URROUGHS, JOHN C, D. D., President and
Professor of Metaphysics of the University of
Chicago, vvas. born in Stamford, Delaware county.
New York, Deceraber 7th, 1818; the son of the
late Deacon Curtiss Burroughs, a man greatly
esteemed for Ihe purity of his life and his zeal
as a churchman, who established the first Sunday-school
west of Rochester, New York. Among his ancestors
were Rev. Jeremiah Burroughs, a meraber of the West
minster Assembly of Divines, and the Rev. Joseph Bur
roughs, one of Ihe founders of Dartmouth CoUege, bolh
of whom vvere English Puritans. His mother was a
native of North Ireland. When he was two years of age.

43°

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

his father commenced his toilsome experience as a settler
in the western part of New York. He was taught in a
log school-house, and rude as Ihe means for mental pro
gress were in those early days, he made unusual progress
by closely applying his talent, which was bright and vigor
ous, to sludy. His raind was religiously irapressed when
quite young, by Ihe exhortations and sermons of a farmer
preacher. Upon reaching his twelfth year, he had shown
such progress as to be recommended by his teacher for
higher studies, and his sludy of natural philosophy was
suggested. A text-book on this subject was almost beyond
reach in Ihe backwoods ; bul young Burroughs surmounted
all impediraents by shouldering his axe and going to the
forest, where he cut and caried to a distant eity enough
wood at twenty-five cents per cord to pul him in possession
of " Blake's Natural Philosojihy." Olher books in ad
vanced sludies were procured in Ihe same mode. W'hen
sixteen he was recomraended by the Inspector of Public
Schools for Ihe position of teacher, and he was engaged
for four months, at twelve dollars per month ; and four
years foUowing continued a third of each year in the same
employment, filling Ihe inlervening raonlhs wilh hard
manual labor. This industry was doubly beneficial. Il
not only ennobled his ideas of selfsupport and fired his
ambition, bul it relieved his father of a number of vexa
tious burdens, which at one time threatened to crti.sh hira.
As he grew up he resolved upon the legal as tiie profession
most fitting for him, and he commenced the stiidy of lavv
in the office of an allorney in Medina, Orleans counly.
New York. He was turned from Ihe pursuit, however,
by realizing as he progressed his deficiency in other
branches of education so necessary in obtaining a raaslery
of the law. He entered the Brockport Collegiate Institute,
and subsequently the Middlebury, now Wyoraing, Acad
emy, New York, in vvhich inslilulions he spent three years
in preparing hiraself for adraission lo Yale College. In
1839 he became a Yale sophoraore, and graduated from
the college in 1842, wdlh fine distinction. His inclination
for the ministry had been forraed while a student al this
venerable seat of learning; and after filling Ihe position
of Principal of Hamilton Academy, New York, for eighteen
months, he enlered MadLson Theological Serainary, frora
which he graduated in 1846. He first preached as a
"supply" for the Baptist Church in Waterford, New York,
and Ihen for five years filled Ihe pastorate of Ihe Baptist
Church in West Troy, New York. In 1852 he vvas in
stalled as Paslor of the First Baptist Church, of Chicago,
and had preached but once in ils meeting-house w-hen il
was destroyed by fire. Inspired by his earnest labors, the
congregation rallied from this shock, and al an expense
of ^30,000 erecled, in 1854, a new house of worship.
During his pastorate he founded Ihe Christian Times, as
Ihe organ of Ihe Baptist Church in the Northwest,- and for
some raonlhs he conducted ils raanagement. In 1855 he
received bul declined a call to Ihe Presidency of Shurtieff

College, at Alton, Illinois. In this year he secured from
the late Senator Douglas the donation of a site in Chicago
for a seal of learning, upon which Ihe University of Chicago
now stands. In 1856 he was elected its President, and
organized the institution upon a basis which was the best
guarantee of ils future success. Under his adminislraliou
il attained, and to-day holds, a prominent position in the
great educational institutions of the land. In 1856 he
received frora the Universily of Rochester, New York, the
title of D. D. Pie is erainent as a theologian, and as an
eloquent divine. Few men, wilh the sarae obstacles to
encounter, have achieved more for the good of the race
than he ; and none have a raore lasting reputation in the
coraraunities in which Ihey have worked.

AYWARD, WILLIAM EUGENE, Banker, and
a representative raan of Pana, Illinois, was bom
in Plillsboro', Illinois, on July 23d, 1842. His
father, John S. Hayward, was a native of Massa
chusetts, who carae to the Stale of Illinois in
1832, and enlered inlo raercantile business, in
which he continued until 1852. In Ihat year he retired
and engaged in Land operations, in which he continued
until his dealh. His transactions in land were very great,
and at one tirae he was Ihe owner of no less than 75,000
acres of land in the Stale of Illinois alone. In the town
of Pana his iniprovements cover the greater portion of the
Jilace. He was one of the most enterprising men of his
day, and in Ihis ciiy his memory is revered. His son
William attended Williston Academy, Massachusetts, and
Antioch College, Ohio. On leaving school in 1862, being
but nineteen years of age, he entered the array as Second
Lieulenant of the 2d Illinois Arliller)-, and served in Ihat
rank one year, vvhen he resigned. In 1865 he was ap
pointed Captain in tiie 2d United Slales Volunleers, and
served until the close of Ihe vvar, when he returned lo
HUlsboro'. In 1867 he raoved to Pana and engaged in
the banking business, in which he is still occupied. Mr.
Playward is one of Pana's raost prominent men, and Ihe
influence he wields is very generally fell. He was raarried
in 1868 lo Clara M. Dunibolt, of Pana.

rid I) ANE, EDWARD, Lawyer and ex-Judge, was
bom in Cleveland, Ohio, on March 27th, 1842.
His falher, John Lane, was a native of Ohio,
and w.as of Irish extraction. His mother was
also a native of Ohio. He vvas educated at the
liillsborq' Academy. On leaving school he cora
raenced the study of lavv with James M. Davis, and was
admitled to the bar in February, 1865. He opened an
office in HUlsboro', where he has been con.stanlly engaged.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

43'

to Ihe present time, in Ihe jiraclice of his profession, his
clientage being by far the largest of any lawyer's in Ihe
counly, though there are several vvho have been established
for rauch longer periods. In polilics lie has always been
a Democrat, and iu iS6g was elecled Judge of the Counly
Court of Montgomery counly, on the Democratic ticket.
Judge Lane is, in the strict sense of the terra, the " archi
tect of his ovvn fortune." When nearly grown, he was still
deficient of any education. Without friends or aid of any
kind, he worked and saved, and was thus enabled to obtain
his education. He in the sarae manner acquired a knowl
edge of his profession ; and his success, which has been
well earned, is owing to his close ajiplication to sludy, and
to Ihe peculiar qualifications its a lawyer whieh the develop
ment of his talents has disclosed. Coming among the
people of HUlsboro' a stranger and poor, he has shown
himself worthy of Iheir confidence in all respects, which
is attested by the large amount of business intrusted to
him. He was married in 1870 to Tueei Miller, daughter
of Sarauel K. MiUer, of Lawrenceville, Illinois.

fcWILLIAMS, Ps-OBERT, Allorney-at-Law, was
bora at Dalton, Wayne county, Ohio, on March
12th, 1830. His father, Robert McWUlianis,
was also a native of the same town and counly,
where he was engaged in fanning until his dealh
in 1852. Y'oung Robert was educaled at liays-
ville College, Ohio. On leaving coUege he was engaged
in school teaching, and at the same Ijrae pursued the sludy
of the law in the office of Matthews & Slone, at Coshocton,
Ohio. He was admitted in Ihe year 1854. Shortly after
wards he raoved into the Slate of Illinois, and located at
Sullivan, and there coraraenced Ihe jiractice of his pro
fession. At the expiration of eighteen raonlhs he raoved
to Shelbyville, and there forraed a. parlnership wilh
Anthony Thornton, which, however, Lasted only a short
time. He then continued practiee by himself until 1858,
when he moved lo liiilsboro'. Here he continued until
1G62, when he entered Ihe army as Captain of Corapany B,
117th lUinois Volunteer Infantry. In June, 1S64, he was
proraoted to the rank of Major. In Februaiy, 1865, he
resigned his position. At the beginning of the war Major
McWilliaras vvas diligentiy at work influencing enlistraeni,
and was instruraental in the raising of three companies.
The regiment to which he was attached formed a part of
General A. J. Smith's corps until 1864, when il becarae at
tached to that of General Banks. During his service, be
sides Ihe Red River campaign, he look part in a great many
batties and skirraishes, aniong Ihe principal of which were.
Fort De Pvussey, Pleasant liill, and Klutcheville, Louisiana,
Chico Village, Arkansas, Tupelo and Abbeyville, Missis-
si'ipi, Franklin, Missouri, and Nashville, Tennessee. The
major participated and took an active share in every action

of his regiment whUe he was in die service; he generally
commanded the skirmishers. At the hotly-contesled battle
of Nashville, where the 117th Regiraent bore the very
brunt of the fighl. Major McWilliaras commanded the left
of the regimenl, sujiporling one of the Union batteries, and
was exposed to a raking fire from a rebel battery of sixteen
guns. The history of the 117111 is an interesting one — of
the fine line of officers little need be said by way of com
mendation, their deeds have written their eulogy. Of the
regimental oflicers none was more generally beloved by
his iraraediate comraand than was Major MeWiUiams.
Resigning his coraraission he returned to Montgomery
county, Illinois, and opened a law office al Litchfield,
which has since been his horae. plis practice is a large
ancl lucrative one, and as a lawyer he has met with fine
success, and takes rank wilh the more prorainent practi
tioners of the bar of Illinois. In the every-day walk of
life, the major is an estimable and genial gentleman, a
citizen wilh it highly enlerjirising bent of mind, and a
nalure that is al once frank, candid, and generous. His
success in life is Ihe result of his own industry and per
sistent energy, as he started in the world wholly dependent
upon his ovvn unaided endeavors. He is a stockholder in
the Litchfield Car Manufacturing Comjiany, and a meraber
of the firra of Beach, Davis & Co., bankers. On Oclober
18th, 1865, he was married to Mary, daughter of Benjamin
Allen, of Litchfield. Three children have been born to
them.

ASPIBURN, THOMAS D., M. D., was born in
Greenfield, IMassachusetts, on April 25th, 1819.
Pie is a son of Seth Washburn, M. D., a grad
uate of the Harvard Medical School, the brother
of Plon. Emory W^ashburn, Professor of Law in
Harvard College; and is connected wilh Ihe
Washburn faraily, vvho have been so closely identified wilh
the history of New England and of this counlry. His
raother was Ascenath Dickraan, daughter of Thomas
Dickman, of Springfield. Plis father died when Thomas
D. vvas but five years old, and he was left to the charge
of his uncle, Hon. Emory Washburn, tinder whose care
he pursued his sludies. He first enlered Burr Serainary,
in Vermont, where he remained Iwo years. He was then
for Iwo years at the Phillijis Acaderay, and the Teachers'
Serainary, at Andover, Massachusetts; in the latter institu
tion he received a diploraa. On corajileling his scholastic
course he commenced the study of medicine at Saxton's
River, Verraont, under Dr. Ralph Severance, wilh whora
he studied one year, when he went to Boston and attended
lectures. His health failing hira at this tirae he moved to
Georgia, and there taught school for two years. Returning
home he studied under Dr. Dean, of Greenfield, one year,
and in the foUowing winler took a course of lectures at
the Harvard Medical School. In the ensuing sumraer he

432

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

studied under Drs. Bow-ditch, Shattuck and Parkman. He
then entered the New York University, from which he
graduated in 1845. Thereupon he localed in Syracuse,
Nevv York, where he practised three years. Thence he
moved to Grayville, Illinois, where he remained two years ;
from Ihat place to Lawrenceville, which was his home for
six years, and finally localed in HUlsboro', which has been
his home since 1856. Here he has been constantly occu
pied in his profession, excepting during the tirae spent in
the service of the United SLates. In 1862 he entered the
army as Assistant Surgeon of the 126th Illinois Volunteer
Infantry. After the taking of Little Rock, Arkansas, he
was assigned to the position of Post Surgeon, which he
held until the close of the war. Then he at once returned
to his home in HUlsboro' and resumed his practice. He
is a member of the Medical Society of Montgomery
Counly ; also of the Dislrict Medical Society of Southern
IlUnois, and is President of Ihe State Medical Society. He
has always identified hiraself with all that tended to ad
vance his ciiy and counly ; has been President of the town
organization, and in olher ways has perforraed the duty a
good citizen owes to the coraraunity in which he resides.
The doctor has frequently conlribuled to the various raedi
cal publications, and the articles entitled "Are the Public
Competent to Judge vvhat Systera of Medicine, is raost
Desirable, or what Praclice they Should Adopt ? "
" Thoughts on Medical Progress," and " The Relation
of the Profession to the Secular Press and Ihe Rostrum,"
have been read by neariy all in the profession. He was
married in 1846 to R. M. Joslin, of Owego, New York.

^HOMAS, CYRUS, Ph. D., State Entomologist,
was bora in Kingsporl, Sullivan county, Tennes
see, July 27lh, 1825. His falher, of Pennsyl
vania-German descent, lived in Maryland and
emigrated finally to Tennessee. Plis raother,
of English-Irish descent, belonged to a faniily
which seltied in Virginia at an early date. He was edu
cated at the coraraon and high schools of his native State,
and at the corapletion of his course of studies vvas engaged
for a tirae in business with his father. It vvas his raother's
desire that he should study medicine; his' tastes, however,
ran in opposition to Ihis profession, and the opportunity
presenling itself he began the study of law. In i84g he
removed lo Illinois and engaged in leaching school, an
avocation which he pursued for but a brief period. Later,
he was appointed Deputy Clerk to Mr. Logan, Ihen Counly
Clerk, at the present time a member of the Senate. In
1851 he was elected County Clerk, and held Ihat position
one terra. At the sarae time he was adrailted to the bar,
and at the expiration of his terra enlered upon the practice
of his profession al Murpheysboro'. While so engaged
he also applied hiraself to the sludy of natural history, a

branch of science which had many attractions for him. He
was professionally occupied until 1864, when, on the death
of his wife, he abandoned the law and enlered Ihe min
istry, vvhich he had during raany previous years felt was his
true caUing, and for which he had been quietly preparing
himself. In i86g he was elected a delegate to the General
Lutheran Synod, vvhich convened in Washington. Also
about this tirae he was tendered Ihe position of Entomolo
gist of the Uniled States Geological Survey, under Professor
Hayden, and his reports, printed wilh the reports of the
expedition, form an important feature of those publications.
Since 1864 he has acted as' minister of the Lutheran church
in Jackson county, where he has resided constantly, except
vvhen absent on the geological survey. In 1874 he resigned
his position as a member of the United States Survey, and
was elected to the Professorship of Natural Sciences of the
Soulhern Illinois Noi-mal Universily. In 1875 he was ap
pointed State Entomologist by Governor Beveridge, a
position which he still holds. During his busy life he has
contributed many articles of merit to various publications.
His review of Darwin, as published in the Gettysburg
Review, was the immediate cause of the conferring of Ihe
Ph. D. degree by the Gettysburg College. His "Acrided«
of North America," published by the government, is valued
very highly as a needed contribution to nalur.al history, and
his olher essays, which have appeared in various fonns,
have elicited raany encoraiums from the scientists of this
country and of Europe. He was the promoter and organ
izer of the Illinois Natural History Society, now enjoying
great prosperity and possessing at Bloomington a very com
plete a-nd valuable museum. He is in constant correspond
ence wilh all the leading scientists of Europe, and many
of his works have been reviewed by foreign writers. He
has now in press a review of Professor C. Stal's new work, in
which he takes issue with that faraous writer, a professor in
the Museura at Slockholra. He was raarried in 1850 to a
sister of Senator Logan, of Illinois, who died in 1864. Pie
was subsequently again married to Miss Davis, a native of
Warren county, Pennsylvania.

UFORD, CHARLES, Breeder of Fine Stock, was
born in Scott counly, Kentucky, June I7lh, 1797.
He was the son of Colonel Abram Buford, of
Virginia. He - graduated at Yale College. He
was extensively engaged in the breeding of fine
stock, and for raany years was President of the
Lexington Association for Ihe improvement of thoroughbred
horses. He raoved to Rock Island, IlUnois, in about 1852,
and invested largely in properly, making subsequently
numerous city improvements and furthering greatly the
interests of that section of the Slate. He was one of the
first lo introduce thoroughbred cattle inlo this part of Illinois,
and was a prominent mover in many laudable public enter-

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

433

prises. He was an accomplished scholar, a fine malheraa-
tician and raechanic, and an ardent sportsman wilh both
rod and gun. He was married to a daughter oi General
John Adair, of Kentucky, and after her dealh lo Lucy A.
Duke, also of Kentucky, and reared a large family. He
died vvhile on a visit to St. Louis, Missouri, January 4l,h,
1866, greatly regretted in a large circle.

1

ey^f^SSICK, JAMES C, was bom in Chester county,
Pennsylvania, on October i8th, 1844. His
father, James H. Essick, was also a native of Ihat
Stale, as was his mother, Margaret E. Essick.
They moved to Illinois in 1858, and engaged in
farming. His parents vvere not able to spare
him frora their farm, so that during his boyhood he enjoyed
but few educational advantages, and they consisted of such
as were furnished in the county schools during the brief
winter season. He remained on his father's farm until he
arrived at the age of twenty-one, when he struck out for
himself. He woiked as a farm hand until 1868, and while
so employed began .studying " Blackstone's Commentaries,"
which he read through Ihree times. During this period he
worked all day and read law at night. Afterwards he en
tered the law office of J. C. McQuigg, of Pana, with whom
he studied until 1870, when he was admitted to Ihe bar.
Since Ihat time he has been constantly engaged in his jirac
tice, which has grown to be a large and lucrative one. Mr.
Essick, as a professional raan, ranks among the best in this
section. Soon after he was admitted lo the bar he was
appointed City Attorney of Pana, an office he held for one
year. He has always been a Republican, and has contrib
uted his best energies to advance Ihe party's interest. In
1870 he received the parly noraination for Stale Senator,
but was defeated, the district being largely Deraocratic.
He is Local Attorney for the Indianapolis & St. Louis
Railroad, and also the Ohio & Mississijipi Railroad. Pie
was married August 6th, 1874, to Maggie Newell, of Mich
igan.

t^JfRUITT, JAMES M., Lawyer and ex-Member of
»" - the Legislalure, was born in Trimble counly,
Kentucky, on Februaiy 28lh, 1842. His father,
Samuel Truitt, a native of Kentucky, raoved to
IlUnois in 1844, living a short tirae in Richland
counly, and afterward in Green counly. In 1851
he settled in Montgomery county, where he continued until
his death, in 1863. Jaraes M. was educated at the HUls
boro' Acaderay. Leaving school in 1862, he entered the
array, and before he vvas twenty-one years old had risen lo
the rank of Orderiy Sergeant of Corapany B, Ii7lh Illinois
Volunteers. In 1864 he was further proraoted, receiving
his commission as Second Lieutenant, and served as such
55

until Ihe close of the war. Pie took part in the Red River
campaign, and in the battles of Fort De Russy and Pleasant
Hill, and Klutcheville, Louisiana; Chico Village, Arkan
sas; Tupelo and Abbeyville, Mississippi; Franklin, Missouri;
Nashville, Tennessee ; and Mobile, Alabaraa. Frora the
last-named point he raarched with his regiment to Mont
gomery, Alabama, and on Ihe evening of Ihe glh of April,
1865, was Jiresent at the storming and taking of Fort
Blakely, below Mobile, which was, in fact, the last battie
of the war, it being Ihe evening of the day on which Gen
eral Lee capitulated. The news had not then reached so
far soulh. At the close of the vvar he returned and com
meneed the study of law wilh General Jesse J. Phillips, and
in 1867 was adraitted to the bar. He coramenced practice
.with General Phillips, and the partnership lasted until 1872.
He then practised by himself, and has secured a very satis
factory clientage. In polilics he was originally a Demo
crat, but came out of the war a confirraed Republican, and
has ever since supported that parly wilh all his energy and
means. In 1872 he was elected a meraber of ihe Legisla
ture from the Thirty-fourth District, composed of the coun
ties of Montgomery and Christian. He was appointed a
raeraber of the Coraraittee on Railroads, and drafted Ihe
present railroad law which has so often been in controversy,
Ihe railroad corapanies raanifesting strong and continued
opposition to its provisions. The raeasure has proved of
great public benefit, however, having had the effect of
bringing raUroads under Ihe control of the law. He was
also a member of the Coramittee on Appropriations, Ihe
Coramittee on the Judicial Department, and.oii Education.
He is a Director and the Attorney of the Montgomery
Counly Loan & Trust Corapany. Mr. Truitt is one of
liillsboro's raost enterprising and energetic citizens, and
while ranking araong its ablest lawyers, raanifests his inter
est in the advanceraent of his native city by promoting all
movements calculated to enhance its prosperity. He was
married on October 1st, 1867, to Jennie Blackman, of
HUlsboro'.

fARPENTER, PHILO, Pioneer Settler of Chicago,
Merchant, and Real Eslate Owner, vvas born in
Savoy, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, February
27lh, 1805. lie is Ihe second son of Abel and
Martha (Eddy) Carpenter. The family is of
English descent. In 1635 three of its raembers
eraigrated frora Soulharapton, England, in Ihe ship " Bevis,"
and settled first in Rehobolh, and afterwards in Weymouth,
Massachusetts. They were father, son, and grandson, and
all bore Ihe sarae name — William Carpenter. Their de
scendants reraained in Massachusetts, becarae identified
wilh the interesls of their adopted country, and ranked in
various ways as prorainent citizens. The grandfathers of
Philo Carpenter, on bolh sides, served in the War of Inde
pendence. His paternal grandfather, Nathaniel Carpenter,

434

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

held a captain's commission in the royal forces stationed
here when the Revolution broke out. He at once resigned
his commission, entered wilh zeal inlo Ihe cause of the col
onies, and raised a corapany in their service. He fought
wilh credit, and at the close of the war vvas put in command
of the military post at West Point. Young Philo obtained
his education partly at the public school and partly at a
private academy in South Adams. On the completion of
his sludies he occupied himself on his falher's farm, reraain
ing there until he attained his majority. About the year
1827, having already acquired some knowledge of Ihe drug
trade, and being desirous of studying raedicine, he became
the student of Dr. Amatus Robbins, of Troy, New York,
wilh whom he reniained Iwo or three years. Although he
never adopted the practice of medicine as a profession, the
raedical experience he had obtained was subsequently raade
to do good service on several occasions some years later.
The ruraors of the great attractions of the western country,
its capacity for development, and the opportunities offered
by it to enterprising men, were al Ihis tirae being spread far
and wide. It chanced that a relative of Mr. Carpenter's
had, during part of the years i82g and 1830, raade a pro
longed tour through the States of lUinois and Michigan,
riding over the prairies on an Indian pony. The richness
of the land, together with its beauty, irapressed hira deeply.
On returning to his friends in the East he became 'an elo
quent advocate for this then alraost unexplored region. So
deeply did he instil into Mr. Carpenter's mind Ihe idea of
the desirability of Ihe West, Ihat he was persuaded to emi
grate Ihilher and adopt it as his fulure horae. In the early
suraraer of 1832 he started on his journey. He went by
way of the Erie Canal to Buffalo, and frora Ihence by a
small steamboat to Detroit. There he look the stage vvhich
carried the mail of those days. This "stage" was simply
an ordinary farm wagon, covered. In it he travelled as far
as Niles, Michigan. Here he raet Mr. Hirara Wheeler,
since a prorainent raerchant of Chicago, by whose advice he
floated down the Sl. Jo river on a small lighter belonging
to Mr. Wheeler. Arrived at the mouth of the Sl. Jo, they
learned that Ihe cholera was raging with intensity at Fort
Dearborn, and Ihat communication wilh Chicago by vessel
was stojiped on that account. They then hired two Indians,
wilh a canoe, which was towed by a rope made of elm
bark, and in this fashion they carae round the head of the
lake to the little settlement of Chicago. It vvas in July,
1832, when they arrived at the vUlage, the population of
which at that time mustered, outside the garrison, not more
than two hundred souls, and Ihe most ofthese were French
and Indian half-breeds. It contained nothing but log
houses, no frame buildings even being then corapleted.
The troops that had just arrived al Fort Dearborn, under
the coraraand of General Winfield Scolt, were suffering
severely from cholera, and numbers of them were dying
daily. In this eraergency Mr. Carpenteris medical knowl
edge proved of great service. Pie attended ihe cases bolh

among the soldiers and the civilians, and was made the
means, under God, of saving many lives. The settlement
was as deficient in reUgious matters as in temporal concerns.
He was impressed with this want, and on speaking of il lo
a gentleman to whora he had brought letters of introduc
tion, was told "we have no Sabbath here." He set him
self lo remedy this stale of things, and succeeded, with
olhers, in estabUshing some religious services in one of the
log houses, and also organized, on August 19th of the same
year, the first Sunday-school in Chicago. This school
prospered, and developed into what is now the school of
the First Presbyterian Church. Mr. Carpenter had brought
a stock of drugs and other goods from Troy, and wilh these
he opened a drug and general slore in a sraall log building.
Though at first dealing chiefly in drugs, the necessities of
the place caused hira to extend his trade, and it gradually
erabraced nearly every kind of merchandise. The work on
the canal frora Chicago to the Illinois river was then about
beiijg comraenced, and this brought large nurabers of men
to the place, and raany custoraers carae from Indiana. , The
prevalence of chills and fever, too, made a large demand
for quinine and other drugs. The business increased, and
towards the end of the year he took' a larger log building,
owned by Mr. G. W. Dole. At the same tirae he purchased
a lot of ground on what is now South Water street, on
which he erected a frarae building, into which he reraoved
in the spring of 1833. He remained there for several years,
and then removed to Lake street, vvhere he also stayed
several years. The business had by this time narrowed
itself more especLally inlo a drug trade. In 1S44 he sold
out to Brinkerhoof & Penton, wdio carried it on for several
years. On retiring frora active raercantile life he turned his
attention to real estate business. He had, on first settling
in Chicago, pre-empted a quarter section, or one hundred
and sixty acres of government land, supposing it would be
desirable for farraing purposes, whieh he afterwards laid out
in lots, and which was known as " Carpenter's addition."
The rapid growth of the city made this a most valuable
property. It consisted of the site novv bounded by Madison
street on the one side and Kinzie and Halstead streets on
the olher ; the west line running -between Ann and Eliza
beth streets. The patent for this land, signed by General
Jackson, is slill in the possession of Mr. Carpenter. In Ihe
early days of Ihe settleraent he had unfortunately been
induced to become surely for several friends for about
^5000. As usual, the responsibility of Ihe payment fell on
the bondsm.an, and Mr. Carpenter was corapelled to sacri
fice a large portion of this property to satisfy his friends'
debt. The land thus taken for a coraparatively trifling
sum now represents a value of ever a million dollars. Not
wilhstanding this misadventure, he was subsequently very
successful in real estate operations, and slill holds properly
of Ihis kind in the city and suburbs. He has always taken
a most active part in religious matters, and specially in the
affairs of the Presbyterian and Congregational Churches, of

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

435

the latter of vvhich he is a zealous and most prominent
meraber. From Ihe tirae when he first landed at the then
obscure village, and exerted hiraself to establish a Sunday-
school and reUgious services in one of the settler's log
houses, down to the present time, when one of the finest
teraples in Chicago acknowledges hira as its founder, he has
been ever active in working for, and Uberal lo an unusual
degree in giving to, his Master's cause. He bore his full
Jiart in Ihe expenses of erecting the first church building in
the town. In 1847, having changed his residence, he be
came one of the founders of Ihe Third Presbyterian Church,
and continued his membership in it until 1851, when the
conflict of ojiinion on the slavery question resulted iri the
severance of a large number of the merabers frora that
church. He then becarae the chief mover in the organiza
tion of a new church — the novv famous First Congregational
Church of Chicago — which vvas formed on May 22d, 1851.
His actual donations in money to this church since its
formation have exceeded jjS5o,ooo. This sjilendid church
is one of the ornaraenls of ihe city, and becarae most raera
orable during the great fire. His zeal in the cause of
popular education has also been most noteworthy, pie was
for raany years a member of the School Board, and his ser
vices in this respect have been recognized by the giving to
one of the city school-houses the name of the " Carpenter
School." To this school he made a sjiecial donation in
1867 of jSlooo for text-books for teachers and scholars. He
was also for about fifteen years a Direclor of the Chicago
Theological Seminary, founded in 1854, and in Ihe course
of that time his donations in lands and money to this insti
tution also araounled to raore than |S5o,ooo. lie is and
always has been a strong lerajierance raan. In 1832 he
circulated a total abstinence pledge which gained raany
adherents, an Indian chief being aniong the nuraber. Hc
delivered the first teraperance .address in Chicago. He has
been twice married : firstly, in May, 1830, to Sarah F.
Bridges, of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, who died in
the foUowing Noveraber; and again, in 1834, to Ann
Thorapson, of Saratoga county, Nevv York. lie has
brought up a faraily of seven children, three cf whora are
novv living. His youngest son, Theodore Birney Carpenter,
a young raan of high atlainmenls, died suddenly of heart
disease in 1869. Though he has reached an advanced age,
Mr. Carpenter is still hale and active. He is a representa
tive man among the old settlers and merchants of Chicago,
of whom the metropolis of the West may vvell be proud.

|INK, GEORGE LIMERIC, Allorney-at-Law,
vvas born in SteubenviUe, Ohio, on September
iglh, 1840. He is of German exlraction. His
fatiier, James Ii. Zink, a native of Penn.syl-
vania, eariy emigrated to West Virginia, and aftervvards lo
Ohio. George was educated at Smithfield, Jefferson county.

Ohio, and afterwards was engaged in leaching school for a
few years, during which time he studied law, and in April,
1864, was admitted lo Ihe bar of the Slate of Ohio. In
1862 he enlered the array as a private in Ihe 52d Ohio Reg
iraent, and was subsequently promoted to the rank of
Sergeant-M.ajor; but on account of failing heallh he was not
able lo do field duly, and at the expiration of one year he
was discharged. In May, 1S64, he was again enlisled in
the hundred days' service, and completed his term ; he vvr.s
stationed at Fort Delaware. In the fall of 1864 he returned
to SteubenviUe and Ihere comraenced the praclice of his
Jirofession, in vvhich he continued until Ihe summer of 1865.
At that time he moved lo lUinois, and taught school in
Macoupin county until May, 18C6, when he localed at
Litchfield, Montgomery county, and there resuraed legal
Jiractice, in which he is now actively engaged. Mr. Zink
stands al the head of the bar in Ihal place. In l£6g he was
Ihe Republican candidate for the Constitutional Convention,
but was defeated, his counly being largely Deraocratic al all
limes. In 1872 he was Ihe Elector for Ihe district on the
Liberal ticket. Pie vvas married in 1874 to Gillie Cave, of
Litchfield, Illinois.

ASON, NELSON, Pioneer and Real Eslate Opera
tor of Sterling and Chicago, vvas bcrn in Paisley,
Scotland, March 20lh, 1810, and was a younger
son cf George Mason and Isabella (Nelson)
Mason. He received but few educational advan
tages, bis course being confined to the siraple
eleraentary branches of instruction. He left school al a
very early age and entered Ihe establishment of his falher,
who was a manufacturer of silk and woollen goods. He
remained in this business for sorae years, and raade hiraself
raaster of all its details, acquiring at Ihe same tirae consider
able coraraercial discipline, and laying the foundation of
solid business habits. He becarae, however, at length pos
sessed wilh a desire to Iry his fortune in the broad domain
of the United Stales, of wdiose great attractions and vast
capacities he had heard through means of an elder brother
already here. The desire increased upon hira, and when
still a raere youth he finally cut loose frem his associations
in the old worid and sailed for Ihe new, taking a step in
life the wisdom cf which has been proved by its complete
success. On landing in America he went first to Caledonia
county, Verraont, where his brother vv^s living, and by
slricl attention to business acquired" a capilal both in the
forra of money and experience, which prepared hi|n for an
other enterprising step — a removal to the broad western
fiejds whose capacities were just beginning to be understood
by the far-seeing. He had already secured efficient aid in
the person of a vvife, D. Eraraeline Barnett, of Bamelt,
VennonI, and in 1836 together they took Iheir way to Illi
nois, bearing wdth them the strict New England principles
to which they ever clung fast even amid the tendency to

436

BIOG RAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

forgetfulness of restraint vvhich naturally attends a newly-
organized coraraunity. They tarried a short lirae in Alton ;
bul the beauty and fertility of the faraous Rock river valley,
slill in its priraitive condition, won thera ainong its pioneer
iiihabilanls. In ihis vast and almost uninhabited prairie
Nelson Mason thought he saw superior advantages for a
town site at the rapids of Rock river, and vvith the consent
of three olhers gave the spot ils present name of Sterling,
which was suggested by remerabrance of the faraous town
of that name in his native Scotland. The alteration in the
speUing was made in deference to the " hard money" dis
cussion just Ihen rife. In connection with J. D. Barnett,
he here opened a slock of merchandise, supplying Ihe
nuraerous wants of settlers and Indians, entered clairas
upon land, and erecled sorae buildings. In 1837 the
place vvas properly laid out, and as he was a chief proprie
tor, henceforth for a good nuraber of years his lirae was
mostiy engaged in developing the infant tovvn. The first
frarae building vvhich looked upon its log-cabin neighbors,
the hotel where raeetings religious and political were ac-
coraraodaled, as well as the traveUing public; much later,
the first brick house, and olher things testify to his energy.
" Uncle Sara " secured to the Uttle town regular mail cora
raunication with the rest of the world in 1837, giving the
contract to Mr. Mason, who triuraphantly brought to While-
side counly Its first bundle of letters in June of Ihat year.
In i84g, though not relinquishing his interest in Sterling,
he sought a home in Chicago, in order that a young family
mi.ght have better educational advantages. Here active
Jiursuils of various kinds employed his allenlion, and vvhen
the IlUnois & Michigan Canal opened direct water com
munication between the Mississippi and Chicago, with his
accustomed enlerprise he was among the first to prove its
advantage by engaging in exiensive mercantile operations
between St. Louis and Chicago. Plis. interest in Sterling
never having lessened, 1856 found hira returned to what
was now a thriving town, and again thoroughly engaged in
increasing her prosperity, building, among other things, an
elevator, shipping grain, becoming Direclor, Treasurer, and
later President of the S:eriing & Rock Island Railroad, and
¦helping Ihe place to her preseni position of high prosperity.
A recognition of his services to the town was made when
Steriing secured it municipal charter, by his unanimous
election as Mayor of the city, and other important offices
of trust in town and counly. In 1868 he abandoned active
business, made a Iwo years' sojourn in Europe, and returned
to Chicago, of which place he is now a respected citizen,
and where he finds sufficient emjiloyment in looking after
his real estate and banking interests. He is slill hale and
vigorous, enjoying the high esteem of hosts of friends, not
only because of his firm integrity and personal worth, but as
one of the energetic and enterprising men who have con
curred in developing the western country and bringing il
to its present stale of progress and advancement, and in
which he has continued interest and firra faith.

ARKS, CALVIN CHAPIN, Sr., was born Ajiril
5lh, 1805, and died in i860. His father. Cap
tain Robert Parks, served in the war of 1812.
He vvas a pioneer settler of Michigan, having
made that State his home in 1822. Calvin's earlier
years vvere passed in working on a farm. Begin
ning subsequently the study of law, he vvas admitted to ihe
bar in about 1840, and settled at Pontiac, Michigan, where
he practised his profession. In i84g he removed to Wau
kegan, Illinois, where he was professionally and successfully
engaged until his decease in i860. His Iwo sons, B. F.
Parks and Calvin C. Parks, have each taken a prominent
position in the State. The first is a leading lawyer of
Aurora, and for some time occupied a seat on the Bench of
Common Pleas in the dislrict of which Aurora is a part.
The second, Calvin C. Parks, is extensively engaged in the
raising of cattie, and by the exlent of his operations in this
business has won the title of " Cattie King."

ORY, BENJAMIN SAYRE, M. D., was born in
Milton, Saratoga counly. New York, August
I3lh, 1805. Plis Jiarents vvere EUakim Cory and
Sarah (Sayre) Cory. He was educated at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons of tiie West
ern District of South New York, at Fairfield,
vvhere he graduated in 1830. He began the practice ofhis
profession in 1836, at WeUington, Canada West, where he
remained during Ihe ensuing twenty-eight years, until 1854.
In the fall of this year he reraoved to Waukegan, Illinois,
where he has since perraanentiy resided, pursuing constantiy
the practice of his profession. In 1862 he was appointed
United States Pension Surgeon, a position which he has
since continued to hold. He was married in 1828 to
Fanny Young, daughter of James Young, of Prince Ed
ward's counly, Canada West, member of the Canadian
Legislature and Justice of the Peace. His eldest son,
James Y. Cory, was appointed Poslraaster of Waukegan in
1861.

¦ARNSWORTH, GENERAL JOHN F., ex-Con-
gressraan, was born at Eaton, Canada East,
March 27th, 1820. Pie is of New England par
entage, and his falher, though poor, was a man
well educated. In the spring of 1834 Ihe family
removed to Michigan, then a territory, where the
falher engaged in farraing and land surveying, assisted in
both occupations by his son John, who at intervals, when
not engaged in his farming jiursuits, attended school, giving
special attention to the study of surveying, in order that by
its praclice he raight secure raeans for further sludy, and
especially for that of the law. In 1S43, having been pre
viously-admitted to the bar, he removed to St. Charies,

HON. .JOniT F FAPiTSWOBTH,
P.EPBESE1TTATT7E FBOl-I' ILLINOIS,

W !i B.'.pPjr'j &C° 37 PARK ROW i-IE''i'YOBK

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

437

Illinois, and engaged in the praclice of his chosen profes
sion, having but Utile knowledge or experience, and to use
his own vvords, neither money, friends, nor library. Pie
was by education a Democrat, and in the campaign of 1844
he heartily advocated Ihe Deraocratic ticket and urged the
eleclion of Polk lo the Presidency. Pie left the Deraocratic
ranks, however, in the year 1846, upon Ihe annexation of
Texas, allied himself with Ihe Liberal parly, and assisted
in the nomination of Owen Lovejoy for Congress. Sinee
that tirae he has constantly given his influence and sujiporl
to the anti-slavery cause. In 1S56 and again in 1858 he
was elected to Congress by very large majorities from what
was then known as the Chicago District. In i860, leaving
his seat in Congress and making a journey to Chicago for
that purpose, he assisted raaterially in the nomination of
Abraham Lincoln, and seems to have been the only mem
ber of Congress from Illinois who al that time believed in
the possibiUty of Mr. Lincoln's nomination. In Oclober,
1861, he raised the 8th Illinois Cavalry Regiment, number
ing nearly twelve hundred strong, and proceeded wilh il
to Washington. He was duly elecled Colonel of the regi
ment, and as sueh comraanded il for about thirteen raonths,
participating, together wilh his regiraent, in most of the bat
tles upon the Peninsula under McClellan, and those of
South Mountain and of Antietara, in Maiyland. In these
battles his regiraent vvas almost invariably in advance when
approaching the enemy and in the rear vvhen retreating frora
hira. He was beloved by all the raen under his co'raraand,
and history has already recorded the brave bearing and
gallant conduct of the regiraent and ils coraraander, whose
services were rewarded by his appointraent, in Noveraber,
1862, to the position of Brigadier-General. He was then
assigned to the 1st Cavalry Brigade, which he continued to
coraraand lill after the battle of Fredericksburg. At this
time he had contracted a severe lameness frora being con
stantly in the saddle, and was obliged to request leave of
absence for raedical treatraent. This was granted hira, and
having in the fall of the sarae year been re-elected to Con
gress, he, on Ihe 4lh of March following, resigned his cora-
niission in Ihe army. In Ihe fall of 1863, hovvever, he was
authorized to raise another regimenl of cavalry — the 671h
Illinois — selecting Ihe officers for Ihe sarae from his old
regiment. In 1864 he vvas again elected to Congress, and
was also honored wilh a fourth -election in 1866, the two
last nominations being by acclamation ; and on both these
occasions he received the largest majority at his election
given by any district in the Uniled Slates. During the
Fortieth Congress he was Chairraan of the Coramittee on
Post Offices and Post Roads, and also a meraber of the
Coraraittee on Reconstruction. He took an iraportant part
in legislation, and was a frequent and forcible speaker on
the floor of the house.. As Chairman of the Committee on
Post Offices and Post Roads, in the Forty-first Congress, he
reported and advocated a bill abolishing the franking privi
lege, and as a member of the Reconstruction Committee he

favored the readmission of Virginia, Georgia, and others on
terms of great liberality to Ihose vvho participated in the
rebellion. He was again re-elected as a Republican to the
Forty-second Congress, receiving 8366 votes against 234g
voles for R. D. Bishop, Deniocral, and 6316 for J. C.
Stoughton, Temperance.

THERIDGE, JAMES HENRY, M. D., Professor
of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Rush
Medical College of Chicago, was born in St.
Johnsville, Montgomeiy counly. New York,
March 20lh, 1844. His falher, Francis P. Ether
idge, M. D., practised for Ihirly-five years in
New York Slate, and subsequently for twelve years in Min
nesota. His raother, Fannie (Easton) Etheridge, vvas from
Connecticut. He was educated principally in his native
Stale, and raoved with his parenls to Minnesota, where, in
i860, he coraraenced the study of niedicine under the in
slruclions of his falher. In the winter of 1864-65 he at
tended his first course of lectures at ibe Rush Medical Col
lege, Chicago, Illinois, and in the ensuing winter of
1865-66 attended lectures also at Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In the winter of 1867-68 he look his second course at the
Rush Medical College, frora which institution he finally
graduated, and began the praclice of his profession in
Evanston. Also, in the spring course of the last-named
coUege, he was appointed Lecturer on Materia Medica and
Therapeutics. He was professionally engaged in Evanston
for a period of about eighteen raonths. He afterward
spent about eighteen months in Europe, setting out in 1870,
and on his return accepted a position as Lecturer on Theory
and Praclice in the Rush Medical College, filling this posi
tion until June, 1871. In July of that year he was chosen
to fill the chair of Professor of Materia Medica and Thera
peutics in the same institution, which offi.ce he has since
held. He was married in June, 1870, to Harriet E.
Powers, daughter of H. G. Powers, Vice-President of the
Illinois Savings Trust Corapany, of Chicago, Illinois.

ERRIMAN, HENRY P., A. M., M. D., was born
in Berkshire county, Massachusetts, August 25th,
1838. He is the son of Heniy Merriman and
Sarah (Bodurtha) Merriman, also of Massachu
setts. He was educated at the Beloit College, in
Wisconsin, where he graduated in 1857, taking a
four years' course. His degree of A. M. he received from
this institution in 1863. After taking a regular course in
Ihe Chicago Medical College, he graduated also Ihere in
1865, and commenced Ihe practice of his profession in
Chicago, where he has since remained. In 1870 he became
connected wilh the Chicago Medical College as Lecturer

438

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

on Organic Chemistry and Toxicology, and eventually be
carae Professor of that chair. In 1874 he was transferred
to the chair of Medical Jurisprudence, which Professorship
he now holds. He has also lectured, for the past seven
years, during the sumraer course, on diseases of the skin.
In 1873 he vvas appoinled Professor of Clinical Medicine
to Ihe Mercy Hospital of Chicago. Pie is connected also
wilh the D.ivis Free Dispensary as Genecologisl. His
prictice is a general one, lending however lo obstetrics as a
specially. He was married in 1867 lo Mary Avery, of
Chicago.

/^I^REE, LAMBERT, Lawyer, is a graduate of
eTllI the Columbia College, in Washington. He
studied lavv with Jaraes Cariyle, who is now a
prorainent and leading practitioner before the
Suprerae Court at the national capilal. He read
law for a period of two years, and graduated
finally frora the lavv department of the University of Vir
ginia. In 1855 he raoved to Chicago, and eventually be
came a member of the firm of Tree & Clarkson. He has a
large business in the line of real estate praclice, and the
management of the legal affairs of several important
corporations.

TODDARD, LUKE F., Physician, was bom al
Unity, Nevv Hampshire, on Deceraber 6lh, 1827.
His parenls, bolh natives of Nevv England, vvere
of English extraction. His father, Rev. WiUiara
H. Stoddard, D. D., took up the study of raedi
cine, and graduated .at a Nevv England raedical
college. -He emigrated to Illinois, vvith his family, in 1837.
He located in Montgomery counly, and began Ihe practice
of medicine, which practice he continued to the lirae ofhis
death. Luke received his education al the HUlsboro'
Acaderay. On leaving school he went to Sl. Louis, and
was there eraployed as a clerk in a mercantile establishment.
While performing Ihe duties of this jiosition he slUl found
time to pursue medical studies, and attend medical lectures.
After sorae time he left St. Louis and went to Cincinnati,
where he attended lectures al Ihe Eclectic Medical Institute
He graduated frora Ihis inslilution and iraraediately com
menced Ihe practice of his profession in Bond counly, IlU
nois. Subsequentiy he practised for a time in Fayette, and
finally he settled permanently at liiilsboro', Montgomery
county, where he yet remains, in the enjoyment of as large
a practice as any physician in the county. The love of the
medical profession is hereditary in the Stoddard family it
would seem, and in the office with hira is one ofhis sons, a
graduate of the same medical college, and associated with
him in his praelice. Thus Ihere are Ihree generations of
doctors, all practising in the same town. In 1874 Dr. Luke
Stoddard was a Delegate to the National Medical Conven

tion at Boston, Massachusetts, and was elected one of the
Vice-Presidents of the Convention. He is President ofthe
Montgomery County Medical Association. He is a promi
nent Mason, and has filled all the chairs in the subordinate
lodge, He is Generalissimo ofthe St. Omar Commandery,
and has passed all the chairs in Odd Fellowship. For the
past twenly-six years he has been a meraber of Ihe Meth
odist Episcopal Church. He was married in i84g lo A. A.
Gardner, of Fayette counly, Illinois

AVIS, DAVID, Merchant, Banker, and Mayor of
Litchfield, Illinois, was born in Madison county,
Illinois, on Deceraber 6th, 1838. His father was
of Welsh extraction on the patern,al side, while
his mother vvas an Italian. The mother of the
subject of this sketch was a native of Virginia.
His father emigrated to the Slate of Illinois in 1834. David
vvas educated at the public schools in Madison county, Illi
nois. On leaving thera he taught for one term, then entered
a mercantile establishment, in which he remained but a few
raonths, when he engaged in business for hiraself in Litch
field, where he has ever since resided. His business was
and is that of groceries and varieties. He began in a sraall
way, but to-day he has Ihe finest and largest establishment
in Ihe city. In addition to conducting Ihis flourishing con
cern, he is the Manager of the banking-house of Peach,
Davis & Co., the staunchest financial instilutioh in the sec
tion. In polilics he has alw.ays been a Republican, and
during Ihe war his whole influence was brought to bear in
favor of the Union cause. He has served as Assessor fcr
two years, and as Alderraan for two years. In the spring
of 1875 he vvas elecled Mayor of Litchfield, an office the
functions of which he discharges vvith marked ability and a
single eye lo Ihe promotion of the public welfare. iMr.
Davis is one of Litchfield's most enterprising and reliable
men, and as such bears the good-will and high esteem of
his fellow-citizens. In all his transactions Ihe .same honor
able motive prompts him. Hevvas married on December
23d, 1867, lo Blanche Keating, of Rockbridge, lUinois.
He was one of the original stockholders in the Litchfield
Coal Comjiany.

.v| URNER, JOPIN L., L.awyer and County Judge,
I w.as born in Newburgh, Orange counly. New
III York, February ijlh, 1S15. He is Ihe son of
Joseph Turner and Deborah Ann (Losey) Turner.
Iiis preliminary education was acquired in the
Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania.
Upon leaving that institution in 1835, he went in 1836 lo
Weslfield, Chautauqua counly. New York, where he began
Ihe study of law under Ihe instruction of Judge Mullet. In
1844 he was admitted to the bar in Chautauqua county, and

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

439

subsequentiy practised his profession there for a brief period.
In 1846 he removed to Waukegan, IlUnois, and there re
sumed his professional labors. In 1853 he was elecled
County Judge, u. position which he has held continuously
down lo the present year. Prior to this, in l84g, hewas
elected Justice of the Peace, an office he has since continued
to fill. He was raarried in 1837 to Anne M. Ramsey, of
Weslfield, vvho died in August, 1839, and again in 1849, to
OUve M. Steele, of Lake county, lUinois.

RAWLEY, FRANCIS W. S., Lawyer, of Chicago,
was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, on Feb
ruary I2th, 1825. His parents were John Bravv-
ley and Mary Saltsman. He received an aca
demical education, and afterwards studied law
under the Plon. John Galbraith, al Erie. H.aving
been prepared for adraission to tbe bar before reaching his
majority, and requiring to wait a year or so for examination,
he in the meantime (1845) moved west to Chicago. He
passed and was adraitted to the bar in 1847, iraraediately
after which he removed to Freeport, Stephenson counly, Illi
nois, and began Ihe praclice of law there, forming a partner
ship with Martin P. Sweet, a prorainent lawyer of Freeport,
since deceased, and afterwards with Josejih M. Bailey, also
erainent in the legal profession. During 1854-58 he was
County Superintendent of Schools and School Coraraissioner
of Stephenson county, was City Attorney of Freeport from
l865 to 1868, and Postmaster from 1852 to 1858. He reraoved
to Chicago in i85g, and coramenced praclice there, where he
slill follows the profession. He was Attorney for the Illinois
Central Railroad for twelve years, and for the Chicago &
Northwestern Railroad held Ihe sarae post, for the north
western section of the Stale, for several years. He is also
the Attorney for the American Insurance Company of Chi
cago, and has been so since i85g, and for several years has
acted in the same capacity for the German Insurance Cora
pany of Freeport. During 1871-72 he was in partnership
with the late Col. T. J. Turner, of Freeport. He was mar
ried in 1850 to Ivlary Reitzell, daughter of Philip Reitzell,
of Stephenson county, Illinois.

'EMING, HENRY H., M. D., was born at Free
dora, Portage counly, Ohio, on August 3d, 1845.
Iiis father, Rev. Friend A. Deming, was a native
of Massachusetts, and of English extraction,
whose ancestors came over in the " Mayflower."
The Rev. Mr. Deming raoved to Ohio in 1843,
and there officiated about two years, when he was called lo
Illinois, where the next year was .spent by hira in Ihe rainis
try. His mother, Mary Jane Deming, was born in Con
necticut. Hemy acquired his education principally from

his father, and il vvas very thorough, and embraced bolh a
classical and scientific course. At Ihe age of eighteen he
commeneed the study of medicine, under the distinguished
Professor N. S. Davis, and graduated from the Chicago
Medical College at Ihe age of twenty-lwo. He ihen began
Ihe practiee of his profession at Pana, Illinois, where he has
ever since been localed. His praelice is a large one, and
his reputation as a physician is a very flattering one. He is
a member of the American Medical Association ; of the
District Medical Society of Soulhern Illinois, of which he is
the Treasurer; also of Ihe Wabash Valley Esculapian So
ciety. Some while since he received and slill holds the
appointment of United Slates Examining Surgeon for Pen
sioners. He was raarried in l86g to Harriet L. Knight, of
Troy, Ohio. The doclor devotes his whole tirae to his
profession, and his success is attributable to hard study and
talent displayed.

ASEY, HON. ZADOK, ex-Meraber of Congress,
ex-Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois, was born in
Georgia in 1798. His ancestors came from ihe
counly Tyrone, Ireland, and in 181 7 emigrated
lo Ihe then Territory of Illinois, settiing in wdiat
is now Jeff.;rson counly. At this early day die
surrounding country was a sjiarsely settled and uncultivated
wilderness, and the h.ardy jiioneers who sought to reclaim
it frora ils sterile wildness and the hostile savages were
conslanlly menaced by perils of every sort. His education
was Ihe result of his own unassisted labors, and his varied
store of knowledge vvas acquired by the exercise of keen
powers of observation rather than by Ihe sludy of text and
school books. Not until his raanhood was reached had he
learned to write ; yet such was Ihe power of his natural
talents that but few of those vvith whora he was brought
inlo contact excelled him in any matters embracing ihe
truly useful. In 1828 he became a raeraber of the Stale
Legislalure, and in 1830 was elecled Lieutenant-Governor
of Illinois. During the Black Hawk war, in 1832, he
served in the ranks, and was wilh Major Dementis " Spy
Battalion," at Kellog's Grove, when it was surrounded by
Black Hawk and his warriors. In 1832 he was elected lo
Congress, and served continuously with that body for len
years. He often presided over the 'House of Representa
tives when it vvas a Commillee of the Whole, and was es
teemed as one of Ihe ablest parliamentarians of his day.
He was a member of the Constitutional Convention in
1848, and afterward was frequently a member of each
House of the Slate Legislature. He was the compeer and
personal friend of Douglas and Lincoln. Strongly attached
to the Democratic parly, he brought to its support talents of
a high order, aud throughout the Stale was ranked as a
useful citizen and a man of sterling worlh. He was a
raember of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for over
forty years acted as a niinister of the gospel. He died

44°

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

September I2lh, 1862. The lale Sarauel K. Casey, favor
ably known in Illinois, was one of his sons. Hon. N. R.
Casey, of Mound City, Illinois, and Thoraas S. Casey, of
Mount Vernon, are also his sons — each of whom have at
tained reputation in their native State.

"AMP, JAMES L., Postmaster of Dixon, Illinois,
was born in Lowville, Lewis county. New i'ork,
December i8lh, 1825. He is the son of Rev.
Phineas Camp, a Presbyterian rainister, and Mary
Ann (Leeworthy) Carap. He was educated al
the Harailton College, in Clinton, Oneida county,
Nevv York. In 1847 he removed to Cincinnati, where he
engaged in Ihe loan business. He subsequently resided for
a tirae in West Virginia, and in 1852 raoved to Rockford,
Illinois, where he purchased a farra. In 1853 he settled in
Dixon, and opened a dry-goods and general slore, which he
sustained until 1858. He then acted for some tirae as City
Clerk. In 1861 he was appoinled Postmaster of Dixon by
President Lincoln, and has since continued to hold that
office. He is an active and influential meraber of the Re
publican parly, and is widely and favorably known as a
citizen and as an official.

^VRKS, CALVIN CHAPIN, Cattle Raiser, and
popularly known as Ihe " Cattle King," was born
in Troy, Oakland county, Michigan, May 29lh,
1829. He is Ihe son of Calvin C. Parks and Har
riet (Thoraas) Parks. He was the recipient of an
academical education. On tiie terraination of
his school life, he becarae engaged as a clerk in a store at
Pontiac, Michigan. In 1846 he raoved to Chicago, Illinois,
and Ihere found erajiloyraent, also as a clerk, in a dry-goods
store. In 1854 he established himself in business on his
ovvn account, as a wholesale clothier, in conneetion with
Huntingdon and Wadsworth, under the firra-slyle of Hunt
ingdon, Wadsworth & Parks, and thus associated, trans
acted business until he retired in 1861. In this year he
opened a banking and brokerage business in company with
George M. Gray, under Ihe style of C. C. Parks & Co.,
which was prosecuted until the firm failed in 1864. He
then reraoved to New York, and began business afresh as a
stock broker, at first alone, and subsequently, in August,
iS65,-in connection with Charles I. Osborn. After the dis
solution of the firm in January, 1868, he was engaged in
business with his brother, under the name of C. C. Parks &
Co., until January, 1872. In the same year he seltied in
Waukegan, and engaged in stock-raising, a business which
he has since constantly prosecuted. He possesses a very
extensive stock-farm near Waukegan, and his yearly sales
ot stock amount to about ^75,000. He is known as Ihe
"Great Short Horns Dealer," and also as Ihe "Cattle

King " of Illinois. Previous to his last arrival in Wauke
gan, he was a resident of this place, his family having set
tled there many years ago. F^rom i86g to 1872 he carried
on the stock-raising business in partnership with his brother
Robert HaU Parks, with whom he is novv connected in the
Glen Flora Mineral Spring business. He vvas married in
1854 to Evelina E. Shepard, daughter of Albert Shepard,
of Racine, Wisconsin.

ALKER, HON. PINKNEY H., now, and for
many years past, one of Ihe Judges ofthe Supreme
Court of Illinois, was born in Adair county, Ken
tucky, on June 18th, 1815. His father, Joseph
G. Walker, was an able lawyer. His mother's
maiden name was Martha Scott. His early life
was similar to that of a large proportion of the successful
men of Ihis country. His youth was passed in that portion
of Kentucky where labor was no raore discreditable than it
is in Illinois, and until his seventeenth year he was employed
upon his falher's farm during the sumraer, and attended
school in the winter. In the spring of 1832 he became a
clerk in a slore, and so continued unlU he left Kentucky.
In April, 1834, he came lo Illinois and settled at Rushville,
the counly-seat of Schuyler county, aiid at that tirae one
of the most thriving and proraising of the interior towns of
the Stale. Here he was engaged in a store for four years,
thus accjuiring a practical knowledge of business in various
forras. In March of 1838 he reraoved to Macorab, and
during the spring and suraraer gave his tirae to study at an
excellent acaderay then established at that place. In the
fall of the sarae year he commenced his legal studies in the
office of his uncle, Cyrus Walker, well known at that tirae
as one of the ablest lawyers of the State. Young Walker
could not have fallen inlo better hands. His uncle was a
lawyer of Ihe old type, devoted to Coke and Blackstone, and
relying upon principles rather than cases. He was, withal,
a raan of singularly genial teraper, delighting to coniinuni-
cate knowdedge, and he could not but have been interested
in Ihe instruction of his nephew. Under such tuition the
latter throve apace, and during the next year vvas adraitted
to Ihe bar after an examination by Judges Lockwood and
Brown of the Supreme Court. He at once opened an office
in Macomb, in parlnership wilh Thomas Morrison, and Ihe
next year, 1840, forraed a partnership wdth his uncle, Morri
son having removed to Carthage. The -partnership between
the uncle and nejihew continued until the former withdrew
frora practice in Ihis Stale in 1842. Frora that tirae until
1848 the subject of our sketch continued in praclice by him
self in Macorab. In 1848 he returned to Rushville, where
he subsequently, in 1851, forraed a parlnershiji wilh Robert
S. Blackwell, whose brilliant but brief career is well known
lo the older lawyers of Ihe Stale. This connection con
tinued until 1853, when Blackwell reraoved lo Chicago, and
Walker was elected Judge of the Fifth (now Eleventh) Ju-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

441

dicial Circuit, then comprising the counties of Schuyler,
Pike, Brown, McDonough, Cass and Mason. The first
election was to fill a vacancy, and he vvas elecled over his
comjielilor against heavy party odds. In 1855 he was re
elected without opposition. He continued in this position,
to the great satisfaction of the bar and people of his circuit,
until AprU, 1858, when Govemor Bissell apjioinled hira lo
the Suprerae Bench, to fill the vacancy made by the resigna
tion of O. C. Skinner. In June, 1858, he was elected by
the people lo fill the same position for the regular terra of
nine years, .and in 1867 he was re-elected. At both elec
tions Ihe political party lo vvhich he belonged was in a very
decided rainority, and Ihe rival candidates were able raen,
bul Ihe peojile were unwilUng, frora merely poUtical consid
erations, lo send a tried and faithful judge from the bench,
and Judge Walker was returned by a large majority at each
election. His present term wUl exjiire in 1876, and it is
greatly to be hoped for the sake of Ihe Stale, that he may
again be returned as triumphantly as he has been on former
occasions. He served as Chief Justice from January, 1864,
to June, 1867, and again from June, 1874, lo June, 1875.
The above are the prominent events in his public life. Of
his domestic life il need only be said ihat he vvas married
June 2d, 1840, lo Susan McCroskyj who was bora in Adair
counly, Kentucky, bttt was a resident of Rushville vvhen the
marriage occurred. Pie has a family of promising children,
and his home-life has been one which any raan might covet.
Judge Walker is a man of large and powerful frame,
indicating great capacity for endurance, and Ihe probability
of a long life. He is now in Ihe full vigor of his faculties,
mental and physical, and should reraain in the Supreme Court
for raany years to come. How important his public services
are, none can so well tell as those who have been associated
with him on the bench. Their testimony is earnest and
un<aniraous. Plis eorajilete devotion to the duties of his
office, his thorough conscientiousness, his high sense of
rectitude, his habits of patient investigation, his trained and
accurate judgraent, his perfect familiarity vvith legal princi
jiles and ready ajiplication of them in the solution of new and
difficult questions, all these qualities make him a raost valua
ble man in the position he now occupies. But he is not raerely
a profound lawyer and an erainent judge. He is a raan of
wide and varied reading. His early education was limited,
but he has been a lover of books and a student through all his
youlh and raanhood. Wilh these tastes and the aid of a
powerful and tenacious raeraory, he has accumulated a great
store of varied information. He has a n,alural love of sci
ence, and Ihis taste and his habits of close observation have
caused hira to keep pace wilh the constanl advance of scien
tific discoveries, especially as they are applied to Ihe prac
tical affairs of life. Steady intellectual growth can be traced
wilh singular clearness in his published opinions. These
now cover a terra of nearly twenty years. His eariy opinions,
while correct in Iheir legal principles, show sorae want of
experience as a writer, but improvement began at once, and
56

the student of the Illinois reports now finds many opinions
written by him that are conspicuous for strength of reasoning
and power of expression. Bul any sketch of Judge Walker
which made no allusion to his moral as distinct frora his
intellectual characteristics would be very incoraplete. The
fine raoral nature of the raan wins the affectionate attach
raent of his friends. He is generous and unselfish, and his
sympathies flow out at once towards the poor and the un
fortunate. No one ever heard him utter a vvord of unkind
ness to an inferior. He is, indeed, incapable of unkindness
to any one. Although not rich, his hand is " open as the
day to raelting charity." He would rather be iraposed upon
than not give to distress. This feeling of sympathy and
kindness makes hira take a special interest in young lawyers
who have not achieved a position in their profession, and
are struggling with poverty. For such he always has words
of encourageraent and good cheer, and Ihey repay his syra-
jialhy wilh a sentiraent of affectionate gratftude. And in
his syrapathy with young raen there is nothing of that
patronizing raanner which soraetiraes accorapanies expres
sions of kindness, but at the sarae tirae takes from them all
their charm. He is so thoroughly modest that he constantly
underrates hiraself. He is, indeed, not sufficiently self-as
serting, bul this peculiarity endears hira the raore to the
young practitioner just coraraencing the professional race.
His career presents an adrairable example for the iraitation
of young raen. Wiihout wealth or powerful faraily connec
tions, or the advantage of thorough early Iraining, or bril
liant talent, he has, by jiatient labor, by perseverance, by
personal integrity and official uprightness, estabUshed for
hiraself a reputation and position of which his children may
well be proud when he is gone.

AWLEY, HON. JOHN B., Lawyer and Congress
man, was born in Fairfield county, Connecticut,
February glh, 1 83 1, and went to Illinois with his
parents when quite young. He studied law and
was adraitted lo the bar in 1S52. In 1856 he
vvas elected Stale Attorney, serving four years.
He entered the Union array as Captain in 1861, and took an
active part in the battles of Forts Plenry and Donelson, re
ceiving injuries in Ihe Last engagement vvhich made it neces
sary for him to retire frora military duly in 1862. In 1865
he was ajipoinled by President Lincoln Postmaster of Rock
Island, and was removed the year following by President
Johnson. He was elected a Representative frora the Sixth
District of Illinois to the Forty-first Congress as a RepubU
can, and entering upon his duties as such March 4th, i86g,
he was appoinled lo the Comraillee on Public Lands and
the Coraraittee on Freedmen's Affairs. His first speeeh,
delivered January I4lh, 1870, was on Ihe admission of Vir
ginia. He proved himself an earnest and able speaker on
any measure that he advocated, and an assiduous worker in

442

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

comraittee. He was re-elected to the Forty-second and
Forty-third Congresses, on the latter occasion polling 13,123
votes to 7215 by his opponent, C. Truesdale, Liberal and
Democrat.

[ILLIAMS, NORMAN, Lawyer, was born in
Woodstock, Windsor county, Vermont, February
Ist, 1835. His father, Hon. Norman WiUiams,
was a prominent attorney of Woodstock, Vermont.
Norman was fitted for college at Meriden, New
Harapshire, and in 1851 entered the LTniversity
of Vermont, graduating with the class of 1855. Imme
diately after leaving coUege he entered the law office of
Tracy, Converse & Bassett, in Woodstock, where he pursued a
course of legal studies, and also in the Albany law school until
1858. In Noveraber of this year, after his adraission to the
bar, he removed to Chicago, and began the practice of his
profession. In 1862 he became one of the firm of King,
Kales & Williams, which was in existence until 1866, when,
with General J. L. Thompson, he formed the present firm
of Williams & Thompson. They possess a large and rap
idly increasing business, and are held in high esteem by both
the members of the bar and the community in general. He
was raarried in December, 1867, to Carrie Caton, daughter of
ex-Chief-Justice Caton, of Illinois.

VN DEUSEN, DELOS, Cashier of the Banking-
house of Beach, Davis & Co., Litchfield, Illinois,
was born in Allegheny counly. New York, De
cember gth, 1823. He is a descendant of the
Mohawk Dutch faraily of Ihat name, and his an
cestors were natives of Holland, who settled in
Nevv York State al a very early day. His father, Joshua
B. Van Deusen, was a well-known hotel-keeper of Jaraes-
tjwn, N::wYoi-k. Deloswas educated in Jaraeslown, New
York. In 1846 he raoved to Ohio, and settled at Dayton,
where he engaged in Ihe boot, shoe and leather business,
which he pursued until 1857. He Ihen disposed of his
business and reraoved to Litchfield, Illinois, vvhere he has
since constantiy resided. Upon his arrival here he did not
engage in busine.ss, but was variously occupied until June,
lS6l, when he entered the array as Captain of a corapany
which he had organized, and was eventually attached to the
6lh Regiment of Missouri Infantry. Throughout the war
ihis body of troops was under the command of General
Sherman, and was an active participant in all the engage
ments, beginning with the siege of Corinth and closing wilh
the memorable raarch through Georgia and the Carolinas.
In April, 1864, he was promoted to Ihe rank of Lieulenant-
Colonel of the 6th Missouri Regiment, and commanded
that force until the terraination of the confiict. He was
finaUy raustered out wilh his regiraent, in September, 1865.

He then returned to Litchfield, and was elected City Magis
trate for four years. He subsequently became Cashier of
the banking-house of Beach, Davis & Co., a position which
he still occupies. In polilics he is a supporter of the Re
publican parly, and is one of ils most active and valued
aUies. In 1873 he was elected to the City Treasuryship ;
was twice re-elected, and is now serving his third terra. He
is also a stockholder in the Litchfield Car Manufactory. He
was mairied, in February, 1852, at Dayton, Ohio, to Hen
rietta M. Snyder, of that place.

TILES, ELIAS B., Merchant and Banker, was
born in the township of Huntington, Luzerne
counly, Pennsylvania, March gth, 1820. He is
the son of Lewis Stiles and Sarah (Dodson) StUes.
His education was acquired in Ihe comraon
schools located in Ihe vicinity of his horae. Pie
removed to Dixon's Ferry, now Dixon, in 1840, and was
engaged in a store as clerk until 1842. He subsequently
established himself in business on his account in association
with Otis A. Eddy, under ihe firm-style of Eddy & StUes.
In 1846 he moved to Sl. Louis, and was there teraporarily
engaged in'business until his return to Dixon in 1848. He
then becarae a land agent, an office in which he attained
considerable importance, attending lo the securing of lities
lo the land, advance money for purchases, etc. He was
also occupied extensively in general real estate business and
in building operations. In 1853 he established a privale
bank, and under his own narae continued to sustain Ihis en
terprise until 1864. From 1850 to 1862 he was Counly
Treasurer, wilh intermission from 1858 to i860. In 1862
he was a candidate on the Democratic ticket for Corgress
against Washburne, and in Ihe attendant contest pressed
his rival very closely. Since 1864 he has been engaged
mainly in farraing and agricullural pursuits.

AXSON, ORRIN TRALL, M. D., was born in
Centreville, Allegheny county. New York, March
2glh, 1824. lie is the son of Joseph Maxson and
Araelia (Ward) Maxson. After receiving an
academical education hc comjileted his sludies at
the Rush Medical College of Chicago, graduating
In 1845 he removed wilh his family to Janesville,
Wisconsin. In l84g, after securing his degree, he cora
menced Ihe praelice of his profession at Rock county, near
Beloit, Wisconsin, where he was engaged during the ensuing
year. He Ihen removed to Nevada City, California, and, in
corapany wdlh Dexler J. Clarke, opened there a private
hospital. In 1851 he moved to the mouth of the Sl. Croix,
now Prescott, Wisconsin, and Ihere resumed his professional
labors ; while practising medicine in this place he occupied

in i84g.

.BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

443

hiras.elf also in building luraber mills, and purchased the
Jiroperty of the Northwestern Fur Company. In 1852 he
vvas elected to the Wisconsin Legislalure, and re-elected in
1S56. During 1853-54 he officiated as County Judge of
Pearce counly, and for six years, from 1855 to 1861, was
a raeraber of the " Normal Regents' School Board." For
a periorl of seven years he was Postmaster at Prescott, and
for raany years a Director of the State Board of Agriculture.
In l36i he enlered the array as Lieutenant, and in 1862 hc
vvas Jiroraoted lo a Captaincy. In Septeraber, 1864, he left
the array, having in the raeantirae acted also .as Surgeon,
not coramissioned. In 1865 he reraoved to Chicago and
engaged in jirivate business. In 1868 he settled in Wau
kegan, where he has since resided, successfully engaged in
the practice of medicine. lie vvas married in 1S45 to
Eunice McCray, of ToUand, Connecticut.

'LEEPER, JOSEPPI A., Lawyer, was born in
Bethany, New York, Oclober 18th, 1818. His
falher, Thoraas Cooper Sleeper, was a cousin of
Ihe faraous novelist, Jaraes Fenimore Cooper.
His mother was Sarah (Cook) Sleeper. His
earlier education was acquired in the district
schools located near his home. Until he had attained his
twentieth year he was engaged in working on his father's
farm, and subsequently attended the Alexandria Acaderay,
in Genesee county, during three sessions, teaching school
in the meantime through the winter months. In 1841 he
coraraenced Ihe sludy of law in the office of Richard S.
Blennerhasset, passing afterward lo Ihal of Mr. Willson, of
Middleporl, Niagara counly, and ultimately to thai of Dibble
& Martindale, where he reraained until 1845, when he vvas
adraitted to the bar of the Suprerae Court of Nevv York. In
the following year he was admitted also to practise in the
Court of Chancery, lie began his professional career at
Batavia, New York, as junior partner of Ihe Law firm of
Wakeman & Sleeper. In July, 1848, he reraoved lo Mil
waukee, and in the year following to Janesville, on Rock
river. He settled in Wisconsin iraraediately .after Ihe adop
tion of the nevv Constitution of that Slate, and becarae en
gaged in raany cases deciding various points of law under
ils provisions. In 1863 he removed lo Chicago, and ihere
continued the practice of his profession. In 1855 he became
Ihe senior partner of the firra of Sleeper & Whelon, vvhich
is SliU in existence, and controls an extensive business in
the courls of the Slate, in the United Slates Suprerae Court,
in the States of Wisconsin, Iowa and Kjinsas, and in neariy
all of the Stales of Ihe West and Northwest. He is regarded
as a lawyer of great ability and unquestionable integrity.
He was a meraber of the Whig party until Ihat organization
passed into the Republican parly, and officiated as Chair
man ofthe Commillee of Resolutions when the Republican
parly sprang into being in Wisconsin, and defended the jirin

ciples of this party in the sharp political contests which en
sued. He is StiU a valued and zealous supporter of Repub
lican principles and measures, but is neither an office-seeker
nor, as the phrase is accejiled generally, a poUtician. As a
chancery lawyer he has few equals in ihe Norlhwesl. He
is a member of Ihe Episcopal Church, and is from conviction
a " high churehnian," but not a ritualist. He vvas raarried
in 1846 to Mary Townsend, daughter of Nathan Townsend,
for r.-.any years High Sheriff of Genesee counly. New York.

V OUTHWORTH, ELIZUR, Allorney-at-Law, was
born in West Fairlee, Verraont, September 22d,
1826. Plis parents also were natives of this Stale.
On his falher's side the faraily is of English ex
lraclion, on his mother's of Irish origin. Plis
education was acquired at the academy in Brad
ford, Verraont, in the High School at Post Mills, and in Ihe
Thetford Hill School, at one lirae a faraous educational
establishment. He was the youngest of a faraUy of five, and
at a very early age was corapelled to rely upon his own exer
tions to secure a livelihood. At the age of eighleen he com
menced leaching school, a caUing which he pursued in
Vermont, Massachusetts, and in New Harapshire, thus se
curing, while instructing his pupils, a fair and varied edu
cation. In 1847 '^e removed lo Illinois, where he continued
lo teach in several counties during Ihe ensuing three years.
In 1850 he went to California, crossing Ihe plains on fool,
and driving an ox-team from Sl. Joe lo Sacraraento. Upon
arriving at his deslinalion, having experienced many hard-
shijis on the road thither, he engaged in mining, which oc
cupation he pursued for about fifteen raonlhs. He then le-
turned lo the East, to Bradford, Verraont, where he became
the proprietor, by purchase, of a newspaper establishment,
wdiich he conducted for one year, until his business was
destroyed by fire. In the spring of 1854 he again removed
to Illinois, and settied in Montgomeiy county, where he en
gaged in farming and agricullural pursuils, continuing thus
employed during Ihe succeeding four years. Having ap
plied hiraself to the sttidy of law while leaching school, he
was adraitted to the bar in i85g,and in January ofthal year
enlered on the practice of his profession in Litchfield, where
he has since perraanentiy resided, engrossed in professional
labors, his praclice being very extensive and lucrative. In
Jiolitics he vvas originally a Deraocrat, but in i85g he cast his
vole for John C. Fremont, and was eventuaUy one of the
original Republicans in the Stale. Since this time he
has been a consistent supporter of the Republican party,
and is a valued advocate of ils principles and measures, al
though in 1872 he cast his vole in favor of Horace Greeley.
In l86g he was nominated by his parly for County Judge,
but failed lo secure an election, the counly having been al
ways governed by Deraocratic views, although on this occa
sion he reduced a six hundred raajority to thirty-six. Start-

444

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

ing out in life young, poor and friendless, he has been truly
the architect of his own fortune, and has won his present
enviable position as a legal practitioner and as an esteemed
citizen solely through his own abiUties and tireless energy.

MITH, PERRY H., Lawyer, Judge and RaUroad
Manager, was born, March 28ih, 1828, al Augusta,
Oneida county. New York, being the son of
Timothy Smith, an influenti.al business man of
Watertown, New York. When thirteen years
of age he entered HaraiUon College, and withdrew
for one year on account of his youlh. This elajising he
coraraenced his studies in that institution, and when eighteen
graduated as the second in his class. He commenced
directly after leaving coUege the sludy of law in the office
of N. S. Benton, at Little p''alls, New York, wilh whora he
continued until his adraission to the bar in i84g — on the
very day of attaining his majority. In October of the same
year he removed to Kenosha, Wisconsin. The northern
- part of this State had just been opened to settleraent by a
treaty with the Indians, and Ihe governraent had raade a
large appropriation of lands to render the Fox and Wiscon
sin rivers navigable frora the lakes to Ihe Mississippi. At
one of the rapids on the former stream a town had been
laid out, and Mr. Lawrence, of Boston, had donated a large
sum of money for the establishment of a university at this
place. The town vvas nanied Appleton, in honor of another
donor lo Ihe universily, which was named after Mr. Law
rence, and it then gave proraise of a prosperous future.
The institution was founded, but it needed an energetic,
prudent and skilful manager. This necessity was found in
Mr. Smith, and he travelled, mainly on foot, and ihrough a
forest broken only by a partially concealed Indian traU, to
that place to enter upon his new career. Since then the
town and Ihe county has lost ils forraer appearance. The
one is large and thriving, the olher transposed frora wild
lands and almost interminable forests to rich farming estates,
and dolled here and there wilh pleasant villages. Under
the careful raanageraent of Mr. Smith the universily grew
inlo prorainence and prosperity, and is to-day crowded with
students. A counly was organized, and he vvas elected ils
first judge, gracing the bench when but twenty-three years
of age, and presiding with unusual abilily over Ihe adrainis
tration in a court of general law and equity jurisdiction.
From this post he vvas sent by the people lo the lower House
of the Stale Legislature, and subsequently to the Senate,
continuing for five years to represent his county in that body.
He became, alraost necessarily, a leading representative of
his parly, bolh in ils local and Stale councils. In 1855 he
was chairraan of Ihe Legislative Coraraittee charged with
the authority to investigate the raany allegations of corrup
tion and fraud made against the chief executive of the State,
who was his personal friend. He wrote and submitted ils

report, which had been prepared wilh great care and abilily,
and few State papers have produced a greater effect on the
Jiublic mind. Il was absolutely decisive of the questions
involved, and sealed the political fate of the persons chiefly
implicated. The Legislalure was convened in special session
in 1856, to jiass finally on the land grants made to the State
by the National governraent to aid in the construction of
railroads, and Mr. Sraith was placed upon Ihe special cora
raittee to which that subject was submitted. In accordance
with his wishes, the grant was given lo a new company or
ganized by Ihe Legislalure, wdth authority to build a road
from Fond du Lac to the Michigan State line. This cora
pany soon becarae consolidated wilh Ihe Chicago, Sl. Paul
& Fond du Lac Corapany, then struggling to build a road
frora Chicago to Fond du Lac, with the aira of bringing the
Mississippi and Lake Superior inlo railway coraraunication.
In 1857, then but twenty-nine years of age, Mr. Sraith be
carae Vice-President of the corapany, and when it was sub
sequently reorganized wilh ihe Chicago & Northwestern
Railway he took the same position again. In i860 he
moved to Chicago, having araassed an ample fortune by
profitable enterprises in western Wisconsin, and has since
resided in that city. His career has been closely identified
with the Chicago, Sl. Paul & p'ond du Lac Railroad, and
his growth has been coexistent with the remarkable progress
of that line, whicb has been largely brought about by his
ability and forethought as a raanager. His investraenls are
not Umited, however, to raUway enterprises. He has been
extensively engaged in Ihe developmeni of the lead and iron
inleresis of the West, and his ventures have been uniformly
successful. He is a man of comprehensive learning, of
broad and liberal ideas, and of fine culture. He is a lover
of lileralure, and has one of the finest libraries in the eily.
He remembered Ihe Alma Mater of his youth, and gener
ously gave a large sura to erect a hall for the library of
Harailton CoUege. He is a patron of the fine arts, and a
liberal supporter of charitable institutions. In all his various
capacities, as a lawyer, judge, legislator and railway raan
ager, he has won the respect and confidence of the cora
raunity by his unflinching integrity, by his generosity and
fine ability.

VERY, DANIEL J., Lawyer, was born in Bran
don, Vermont, December isl, 1836. His father
reraoved to Illinois in 1843, and settled in Lake
counly, where he still resides. Daniel attended the
public schools in this counly, and subsequentiy
took an academical course at Waukegan. At
twenty years of age he entered Ihe law office of Judge Brad-
well, whence, at the expiralion of one year, he passed to
that of Brown & Runyan, where he pursued his legal studies
until adraitted to the bar in June, l85g. His examiners
were Judges Beckwith, Judd and Peck. He was then era
ployed by his preceptor, Mr. Runyan, until July, 1862, when

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

445

he entered the service of Ihe United States, enlisting as a
privale in Corajiany G, 113th Regiment of Illinois Infantry.
He remained in the army until 1863, when he relurned to
the office of Mr. Runyan, and in 1864 becarae a raeraber
of the firm of Runyan, Avery & Comstock, which is still in
existence. He jirepares for court the exiensive chancery
business of the firm, and in such labor has acquired an en
viable reputation for abilily and acuraen. lie is a jirom
inent Mason, and is the present District Grand Dejiuty. lie
was an active member of the Masonic Board of Relief, con
sisting of thirteen members, organized after the great fire of
1871, antl vvhile acting in that capacity rendered efficient
service. Pie is also Secretary of the Northwestern Masonic
Aid Association, an admirable and praiseworthy organiza
tion, and one of the most practical co-operative life insur
ance companies in the counlry.

PIOMPSON, GENERAL JOPIN LEVERETT,
Lawyer, was born in Plymouth, New Hampshire,
February 2d, 1835. His father, Hon. Williara C.
Thompson, was a practising allorney of Ihat State.
John was fitted for college at Meriden, New Hamp
shire, and graduated at Darlmouth College wilh
the class of 1856. After graduating he took the law course
of Harvard College, and in 1858 was adraitted to the bar at
Worcester, Massactmsetls. He subsequently visited Europe,
and continued his studies at the Universities of Berlin, Mu
nich and Paris. In i860 he returned to this counlry, and
enlered the law office of Scararaon, McCagg & Fuller, in
Chicago, in order to further fit himself for the proper per
forraance of the duties of his profession. Pie remained wilh
this distinguished law-firm until April, 1861, when, at Ihe
first call for volunteers to suppress the rebeUion, he enlisted
as a private in Captain Smith's Battery of Artillery, with
which he reraained at Cairo until the expiration of his terra
of service in July, 1861. He was then comraissioned a Lieu
tenant of a corapany of cavalry frora his native Slate, which
was attached to the 1st Regiraent of Illinois Cavalry, and ira
mediately sent forward to the seat of war. He participated
in the cavaliy fight at Front Royal, and in the ensuing fall
was proraoted to a First Lieutenancy. He was afterward
with General Shields, and served through the first cara
paign of the Shenandoah valley. He then participated in
the Pope campaign, and vvas engaged in all the attendant
actions from the battie of Cedar Mountain untU ils temiina
tion wilh the disaster of the second battle of BuU Run. Un
Uke his superiors, his course as an officer seems to have
met vvith approval, since his promotions came to hira un
sought and wilh unbroken regularity. He was engaged
with his regiraent at the battles of Chancellorsville and
Gettysburg, and followed the retreating array of General
Lee lo Culpepper. In the spring of 1864 he resigned his
commission as Colonel of the 1st Illinois Regiment, in order

to accept the Colonelcy ofthe 1st New Hampshire Cavaliy,
and was attached to the army of General Sheridan, wilh
whom he served during the ensuing hard-fought and bril
liant campaign. After the battle of Waynesboro' Ihe duly
of escorting a body of over four thousand rebel prisoners 10
Winchester was assigned him. A force sufficiently strong
to make the transit reasonably safe could not be spared fiom
Ihe main array, and wilh an inadequate guard he was cora
pelled to fight his way to the point of destination, harassed
on all sides by rebel cavalry, and vvhile repulsing the enemy
forded numerous streams, and eventuaUy succeeded in reach
ing Winchester with the entire body of prisoners. For his
discretion and braveiy under these peculiarly trying circura
stances he vvas warraly coraplimenled by General Sheridan.
He served until the close of the war, and in 1865 was mus
tered out a Brigadier- General, having passed successively
through the grades of private. Second Lieutenant, First
Lieutenant, Captain, Major, Lieulenant-Colonel, Colonel
and Brigadier-General. He was, at the reeoniraendalion of
General Sheridan, offered a coraraision as field-officer in the
regular array, which, however, he decUned. After leaving
ihe array he returned to Chicago, and again entered Ihe Law
office of Scararaon, McCagg & Fuller, where he reraained
until 1866. In October of ihe sarae year he associated hira
self in partnership wilh Norraan Williaras, and lias since
been practising his jirofession with noted success. He was
raarried, in Septeraber, 1866, to Louise Chandler, of Con
cord, New Plarapshire.

ADSWORTH, PHILIP, Lawyer, was born in
New Hartford, Connecticut, March 7th, 1832.
He eomes of stern old Puritan slock. One of
his ancestors sat in the colonial Legislalure, and
it vvas this Captain Wadsworth vvho obtained
possession of the colonial Charter and hid it in
the hollow of the old tree which has since becoine faraous
in history as the " Charier Oak.'' Another meraber of the
faraily was conspicuous as a leader in the Indian wars
through whidi a foothold vvas secured for Ihe settlement of
the New Eivdand colonies. The Wadsworths were araong
Ihe first settlers of Hartford, and ranked with the best
famiUes of Connecticut and New England. The falher of
Philip Wadsworth, the late Tertiotis Wadsworth, vvas a
worthy representative of a justiy distinguished faraily. A
man of great industry, keen foresight, and remarkable busi
ness tact, he amassed a large fortune, and lived to an ad
vanced age to enjoy the fruits of his well-directed labors.
He died in March, 1872, aged eighty-three years. It was
designed by his faraily that Philip should enter one of Ihe
professions, and a course of sludy was raarked out for hira
with a view to this end. After the regular prelirainary
coraraon school course he entered the Williston Serainaiy,
at East Harapton, Massachusetts, where he sjient two years,
and passed from Ihere to the Connecticut Baptist Literary

446

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Institution at Suffield. At the end of two years he gradu
ated vvith honors, fully prepared for admission to any one
of the best colleges of New England, which were then
more conspicuously, if possible, than now the first institu
tions of learning in the country. But he belonged to a
family of merchants, and even at that eariy age his judgment
taught hira that he was belter fitted for active than sedentary
pursuits. He accordingly relinquished flattering prospects
of professional distinction and resolved to enter raercantile
life. At the age of sixteen, in 1848, he coraraenced his
career as a clerk in the extensive wholesale and jobbing
dry-goods hou.^e of Hopkins, AUen & Co., in New York
city. Lucius Hopkins, the senior member of the firm, was
already a distinguished merchant in the city of great mer
cantile venlttr-is. Mr. Allen was then a young raan, and
the firm accordingly corabined in ils raerabership the advan
tages of age and experience with youth and vigor. Mr.
Hopkins subsequently became President of the Importers' &
Traders' Bank of that city, and Mr. Allen retired to Con
necticut with an ample fortune. Under this adrairable
tutelage young Wadsworth became an accomplished mer-
ch.anl, so that when in 1853, then scarcely arrived at his
ra.ajorily, he reraoved to Chicago, to enter Ihe dry-goods
jobbing house of Coolly, Wadsworth & Co., of which his
elder brother, Elisha S. Wadsworth, vvas a leading raeraber,
he vvas Ihe peer of any young raerchant of that city. From
this house sprang the present great dry-goods house of John
V. FarweU & Co., the clothing house of Huntington,
Wadsworth & Parks, of which Philip became a member, and
the present boot and shoe house of Charles M. Henderson
& Co., one ofthe largest jobbing and manufacturing houses
in thai branch of trade in the West. Upon the dealh of
Mr. Huntington, some years Later, and the retirement of
Mr. Parks, Philip Wadsworth becarae the head of the house,
and the entire conduct of ils extensive business was devolved
almost solely upon hira. The transactions of the house
were very large, reaching above a raUlion doUars per
annum; and with a branch house in Boston, vvhere raost of
the goods handled vvere raanufactured, there would seera to
have been no time left lo Ihe head of Ihe house lo mingle
in public affairs. Bat Mr. Wadsworth found opportunity,
during the war of the rebellion, to take part in every local
movement for the advancement of the Union cause. He
always took a deep interest in mUitary affairs, and was, at
the time of the breaking out of the rebellion, thoroughly
read in military tactics. He assisted in Ihe organization of
the " Chicago Light Guard," in 1854. The company was
composed of Ihe flower of the young men of Chicago, and
it soon obtained recognition as one of the best drilled,
equijiped, and uniformed military companies in the Uniled
Slales. In 1861 Mr. Wadsworth w<as Captain of this com
pany, every member of which was fitted lo comraand a
regiraent. Most of them quickly found Iheir way to Ihe
front as officers, where they earned fame for themselves and
conferred honor upon the old "Light Guard" of Chicago.

Notwithstanding the company was reduced lo a skeleton,
through Ihe energy of its Captain Ihe organization was kept
up nearly Iwo years as a school for soldiers. Governor
Yates repeatedly tendered a Colonel's commission to him,
but he was compelled to decline the honor on account of
the pressing demands of his then vast business, which de
pended almost solely upon his personal supervision. But
his services to every movement for the sending forward, of
troops, in lime and money, can scarcely be overestimated.
Il is safe to say thjt no regiment went out of Chicago Ihat
did not benefit largely by bolh these aids to formation and
ecjuipraenl. In 1862, entirely without solicitation on his
part, he was appoinled Assessor for ihe Inrst Internal Reve
nue Collection District of Illinois, comprising the city of
Chicago. He accepted the office and held it one year, but
was then compelled to resign, owing to the pressure of his
private business. Plis office was the first in the Uniled
Stales to make returns, and upon his retirement he was
complimented for his efficiency. He declined to benefit by
the emoluraenis of the office, devoting its entire salary, and
rauch more from his privale means, to Ihe enUstment,
equipment, and aid of soldiers in Ihe field. During the
next year, 1863-64, his contributions to the same objects
reached many thousands of dollars. It may be justly said
Ihat during the entire period of the war, among all the citi
zens of Chicago, whose uniled efforts were scarcely paral
leled in any city of Ihe Uniled States, there w-as not one
raore p.atriolic or liberal than Philip Waelsw-orth. He con
tinued his commercial business with various fortune down to
1S70, when, having suffered heavy losses, he retired. But
in 1873, finding it impossible to endure a Ufe of inactivity,
he built, in association with his brother, E. S. Wadsworth,
a large warehouse, and resumed business as a warehouse
man, and forwarding and commission merchant. The new
venture, which was at first small, rapidly expanded, until at
Ihe present lirae it has reached large proportions, proraising
great -prosperity. In 1867 the construction of a Slate capilal
edifice was aulhorized by Ihe Illinois Legislature to be
erected under the charge of a Board of Commissioners.
Mr. Wadsworth was deemed the fittest, man to represent
Chicago on the Board, and he was accordingly nominated
to the position by Governor Oglesby, and confirmed by the
Senate. lie served Iwo years in Ihat capacity, with credit
to himself, and to the satisfaction of the Slate authorities.
On December 4th, 1S74, he was again called to official
position by appointraent as Collector of Internal Revenue
for Ihe First District of Illinois. Pie accepted, and imrae
diately enlered upon Ihe discharge of its duties, for vvhich
his experience peculiarly fit hira. One of the pioneers
of Chicago's commercial greatness, hc is a prominent figure
in the history of its progress. A man of genial, ojien
nalure, he was in the early day known to every other jiromi
nent citizen, and formed one of the single circle which
comprised the best society in Chicago. A man of a degree
of liberality only equalled by his energy he became a helper

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

447

of every enterprise inaugurated with a view to extend the
influence and consequence of his adopted eily. Of strong
political convictions, he becarae a leader in the Republican
ranks, freely devoting his time and lavishly donating his
money for the advancement of Ihe interests of the party
whose principles he deemed synonymous wilh the highest
good of the counlry. Of generous instincts and catholic
sympathies, he aided others to rise as he rose himself. Of
open heart, he never failed to open his hand liberally to the
ajipeals of deserving charity. It naturally follows Ihat he
enjoys great personal popularity in the comraunily in which
he Uves.

fERGUSON, GEORGE, Pioneer and Settler of
Galena, Illinois, was born in Fayette county,
Kentucky, May loth, 1805. He is Ihe son of
Nathaniel Ferguson and Phoebe Ferguson. His
education was obtained in Ihe comraon schools
localed in the vicinity of his horae. His early
years were passed in working on a farra. In 1828 he re
raoved to Galena, and has since conlinued to reside there
perraanentiy. During the first four or five years he was en
gaged in mining, afterward occupying himself in general
merchandising. In 1832-33 he took an active part in the
Black Hawk Indian war, rendering efficient service. Frora
1865 lo 1 87 1 he officiated as City Treasurer of Galena, and
throughout his terra perforraed the duties of that office with
abUily and integrity. For more than thirty years he has
been engaged in mercantile transactions in this city, and is
intimately identified with its growth and interests.

fIGGINS, LORENZO D., Physician, was bom on
October I71h, 1827, al Georgetown, Ohio. His
^11 father. Rev. James Pliggins, was ii native of the
Stale of New York, but removed to Kentucky at
an early day, and at a later date located in Ohio,
in which State he remained, in the pursuit of his
calling, for a long term of years. The son attended the
schools in Georgetown, and subsequentiy went Ihrough a
course of study at the academy at Dayton. Very soon
after leaving this institution he commenced the study of
niedicine, reading with Dr. Weaver, of New Hope, who
was his preceptor during a period of two years. At the ex
piration of that tirae he began reading with Dr. Hubbard,
of .'\raelia, vvith whom he remained for one year. At the
end of the year he coramenced attending Ihe Eclectic
Medical Institute at Cincinnati, where he reraained until he
graduated. Having received his diploraa he coramenced
Ihe practice of his newdy acquired profession at Araelia,
Ohio, in which place he remained only for a lirae. He
removed from there to Illinois, and settled in Colchester in
that Stale. For Iwo years he remained there in Ihe practice

of his profession. Al Ihe end of the two years he reraoved
to Pana, Illinois, and that place has ever since been his
horae. His praclice rapidly grew to large proportions, and
for many years it bas been exlended aud lucrative, while the
professional reputation he has secured is second to none in
Ihe vicinity. He has devoted his time and energies dili
gently to his profession, and as Ihe result he has been
enabled lo accumulate a good deal of properly. In the
year 1853 he was raarried to Cordelia McDaniel, of Brown
county, Ohio.

fOLLYER, REV. ROBERT, was born at Keighley,
a village of Yorkshire, England, Deceraber 28lh,
1823. Shortly after his birth his parents reraoved
to Fewslon parish, celebrated as being the seat
of Ihe great Fairfax faraily. His father, a black
smith by trade, dropped dead at his anvil, leaving
the mother with no raoney and five children. Robert Ihen
attended school until he was seven and a half years old, and
subsequently was put lo work in a factory — Ihe Factory Act
not being then in force — vvhere he reraained until he had
attained his fourteenth year. Upon leaving the linen fac
tory he was apprenticed lo a blacksraith, nanied Birch, at
Ilkley, in Wharfedale, with whora he labored at the forge
for ten years. At his anvil there — since purchased frora the
old shop in Yorkshire by one of his parishioners — the only
study table he had ever known, he eraployed all his leisure
raoraents in reading the best books procurable, in sludy and
in meditation. The Bible, " Pilgrim's Progress," " Robin
son Crusoe," Goldsraith, and olher good writers, furnished
hira vvith abundant food for-thought. While standing at
Ihe forge, wailing for his iron lo heal, a book lay open be
fore hira ; beside his plale at raeal time the same volurae
would reappear; and even as he rode to and fro in the
stage-coach, on business or on pleasure, he read sleadily
essay, poem, treatise, or stoiy, culling from each and all the
fairest fruit. An ardent lover of nature, his solitary rambles
often extended far into the night, and in the woodland and
on the moor he comrauned silently with tree, and book, and
flower. In 1847, when Iwenly-four years of age, influenced
no doubt by one of those powerful preachers whose impres
sion upon the minds of the Yorkshiremen Mrs. Gaskell has
so vividly portrayed, carae that crisis in his experience
called in the New Testament "Ihe new birth," and he
became a member of a Melhodist Church in his neighbor
hood, which licensed hira to preach in the course of the
foUowing year. His reraarkable gift of speech, his culture,
unusual in one of his class, his striking and magnetic influ
ence upon all classes of listeners, secured for him at once
Ihe favorable attention of aU who carae in contact wilh him.
Resolving at New Yearis, 1850, lo emigrate lo America, he
wilh his wife and child landed at New York, May nth,
ofthe sarae year, after a fine passage of twenty-eight days.
A week later he .went to vvork at his trade, at Shoeraakers-

448

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

town, Pennsylvania, also pursuing at the same time his
vocation as preacher. Having brought letters from England
introducing him to the Philadelphia Conference he was
granted a Ucense as a local preacher, receiving for nine
years' service in that capacity one almanac, various littie
household necessaries, and ten dollars in money ; also that
which he values much raore than raoney, the love and good
will of his hearers, and the richest experience of his Ufe.
During the last years of his blacksraith life his views leaped
beyond the bounds prescribed by Methodism ; he became
acquainted with the Quakeress, Lucretia Molt, and the
well-known philanthropist and scholar. Dr. purness, whose
views he found to be in harraony with his own ; and having
accepted an invitation of the latter to preach in his pulpit
he was, in Januaiy, i85g, brought before the conference for
heresy, and refused a renewal of his license as a preacher
on Ihe following grounds : that he could not believe in
eternal punishment, nor in total human depravity, nor in
the damnation of a good man because he does not believe
in the Trinity. In February of the sarae year, the Chicago
ministry at large being in need of an earnest and unsectarian
worker, he vvas recomraended to Ihe place by Dr. Fumess,
and the Unitarian pulpit of that eily being then vacant he
was invited to fill it Ihe first Sunday after his arrival. Al
this tirae the slavery controversy agitated the countiy ; his
ardent devotion to the two coramandraents upon which
hang all the law and the prophets compelled him to be
come a participant in such a struggle; he sided with the
North and Liberty, and espoused the cause of the slave.
After his arrival at Chicago lo take charge of the ministry
at large, under the auspices of the Unitarian Congregation
alists, he began to preach in May for Unity Church, and for
three years performed the duties attaching to both positions.
At the expiralion of Ihat time he resigned the forraer posi
tion and has ever since devoted hiraself exclusively to Ihe
latter, wilh a, success which has rendered hira famous on
bolh sides of the Atlantic. The foUowing words of a
Chicago w-riter jiresent tersely and aptiy his peculiar merits
as a preacher : " Never shall I forget the impression, the
magnetism, if I raay be allowed the word, of this plain
man's presence upon the minds of a few earnest men and
woraen, who, for the first time in their lives, heard a sermon
free from all abstractions, charged with horaely, practical
wisdom, abounding in genuine poetry, full of tender human
sympathy, and containing, as it seemed to each listener,
special words of encouragement for his struggling soul."
A fervid and tireless philanthropy; a brusque and rugged
energy, through vvhich the lender kindliness of a heart
overflowing wilh charity and sympathetic impulses con
stantly crojis forth ; an utter fearlessness as to the conse
quences Ihat might ensue from the performance of an action
which he deems timely, such are some of his more notice
able characteristics. After the burning of his church in the
great Chicago fire, and while he was on a lour in the East,
for the purpose of obtaining pecuniary help to rebuild the

edifice, the Cornell Universily made to him the following
proposition : " If Mr. CoUyer will with his own hands
make a horseshoe, his church shall be presented wdlh [sev
eral] thousands of doUars." The reply illustrates the man,
that reply being the forwarding to the Universily of a horse
shoe manufactured by hira expressly for the occasion. His
language in the puljiit is a strong and convincing refutation
of the assertion that the English language in its pure Saxon
form is inadequate to express fully and eloquently all the
varying phases, lights and shadows of the intellect and soul.
Availing hiraself constantly of metaphor, simile, and alle
gory, he deals only with the siraplest words, the homeliest
expressions, couching Ihem not unfrequently in the country
dialect so dear to him through the recollections of his boy
hood ; wilh a quaint stoiy, sometimes ludicrous, oftener
pathetic and sorrowful, he touches wilh equal effect the
heart of the untutored and the mind of the student ; in de
nunciation and in reproof his expressions are raarked by a
fire and earnestness which have brought many scoffing infi
dels within the pale of Christianity and the Church ; while
as a spiritual consoler and adviser he is loved and revered
by the entire community who follow his teachings. During
the lale civil war he was a prime mover and an efficient
agent in many enterprises of a laudable nature; he was
three months with the Union army, in the service of the
Sanitary Coraraission, and visited every sufferer by the
Quantrel raassacre, assisting thera greatly in various ways.
After the battles of Fort Donelson and Pittsburgh Landing
he was proraptly on the ground, rainistering to the raany
and grievous necessities of the wounded, and -was prorai
nent as a worker and comforter in the troubles which
harassed Illinois and Iowa. While the people yet persisted
in their blindness wilh respect to eraancipalion he urged
eloquently and enthusiastically the adoption of this important
and needed measure, and from the beginning to the end
spoke and wrote against all compromises, and in favor of
the use of every means that might carry the war lo a
triumphant consummation. His church in Chicago, built
by him in conjunction wilh the Secontl Unitarian Society,
a magnificent edifice, the largest Protestant church in the
Norlhwest, was destroyed during the memorable conflagra
tion which produced such terrible havoc in that city.
Within the ruined structure, roofless and shattered, he then
convened his flock ancl held Sabbath service while its ashes
were still warm and smoking. As they worshipped beside
the ruins he told them that he had once preached for
seventy-five cents a year, and vvas ready, for their sakes, to
do it again ; and that, if the worst carae, he could still make
as good a horseshoe as any blacksmith in Chicago. It was
Ihis remark called forth the offer of Cornell Universily.
His efforts towards the rebuilding of the church were
crowned with most complete success, Ihe present structure
being finer than the first. Iiis " Nalure and Life,'' a
volume of sermons published by PL B. Fuller, in Bromfield
street, Boston, had in 1872 already reached a ninth edition.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

449

and immense success has attended another entitied " The
Life That Now Is ; " while his lectures are annually claimed
by the principal cities of Ihe Union. His sermons, though
masterpieces even in print, lose much of. that marvellous
force characterizing them when delivered by the lips of
their author; for when coming warm from his teeming
brain, his Ihoughls and fancies seem to flow spontaneously,
without effort, thought suggesting thought, idea begetting
idea, until — at tiraes apjiarenlly, and only apparently, losing
hiraself in the richness of his resources — his auditors per
ceive at the end a harmonious whole, striking and lying
close to the point originally started from. He has had
many calls to New York and Boston, but is too fondly
attached to Chicago to ever think of leaving that field of
Christian endeavor. He was married on Deceraber 31st,
l84g, the day jireceding his departure for America.

llROSS, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL JOHN
ARMSTRONG, Lawyer, was born in Milford,
Pike county, Pennsylvania, February 2isl, 1826.
His father. Deacon Moses Bross, is now a resi
dent of Morris, Illinois. John was the fifth son
in a faniily of nine sons aud Ihree daughters.
He received a thorough acaderaical education under the
guidance of his elder brother, William Bross, at Ihe Cheslej
Academy, Orange county, New York. Entertaining plans
for a collegiate course, he had fitted hiraself for Ihal pur
pose, but subsequent circumstances prevented the prosecu
tion of his designs. Selecting -the legal profession, he
began the study of law in Goshen, New York, but in
December, 1848, removed to Chicago and enlered the
office of Hon. Grant Goodrich, wilh whom he remained
untU the corapletion of his studies. During the Pierce
adrainistration he served as Assistant United Stales Mar
shal, and until the lirae of his decease held the office of
Uniled States Commissioner. The duties of those Federal
offices were executed by hira with faultless fidelity and
ability, and after concluding his duties as Assistant United
States Marshal, he devoted himself lo his profession, mak
ing a specialty of admiralty praclice, and meeting wilh great
success. During the suraraer of 1862, at a tirae when
large nurabers of recruits were needed to fill up Ihe Union
armies, he raised and organized Iwo corapanies, one of
which enlered the 75th Illinois Volunleers. Of the olher
he was made Captain^ and it became Corapany A of the
88th Illinois Regiment, which left Chicago September 4th,
1862, and went at once inlo active service in Kenlucky,
first under Buell, and afterward under Rosecrans. Its first
battie was at Perrysville, Kentucky, which occurred shortly
after its entrance upon duty. The action is sometimes
called Ihat of Chaplin Hills, and the regiment, -though
under fire but a short time, lost forty raen. General Buell
was subsequently superseded by General Rosecrans, who
57

pushed the enemy out of Kentucky into Tennessee. His
first considerable engagement was Ihal near Mnrfreesboro',
at Stone river, in Ihe last days of December, and here, from
the 31st of this month to Ihe 2d of January, the 88lh Regi
ment was raore or less actively engaged. A long carapaign
of peculiar hardships was brought lo a close by the battle
of Chickamauga, which occurred Septeraber iglh and 20th,
1863. Plere again the regiment saw hard fighting, and he
bore himself with conspicuous gallantry. When the policy
of arming Ihe blacks had been fully enlered upon, and
proved by several trials to be successful, il was resolved by
the authorities to recruit such a regiment in Ihe Stale of
Illinois. The endeavor, owing to various circurastances
and the tenor of Ihe State laws, vvas beset with raany im
pediments, while it was extremely difficult to find cajiable
officers willing to accept such service. In Noveraber,
1863, hovvever, he was selected and detailed, and cora
menced recruiting, establishing his head-quarters at Quincy,
in order lo avail himself of the exodus of the black popula
tion passing from Missouri into Illinois at that point. After
raising six companies he was commissioned as Lieulenant-
Colonel on April 7th, 1864, and ordered to join the glh
Array Corps, then raoving from Annapolis to the field. He
Jiassed Ihrough Chicago wilh his regiraent May 27th, 1864,
and there was presented by a number of his friends with a
fine horse and equipments as a token of their high appreci
ation of his steadfast devotion to the cause of liberly, the
address being made by Colonel F. A. Eastman. He was
then placed in coraraand of the colored brigade al Camp
Casey, near Washington, a position which he held until
after the battle of Spottsylvania, when, still wilh his brigade,
he w-as ordered forward to While House, where he re
mained till an opportunily offered to go to the front. Gen
eral Grant had been fighting his way toward Richmond,
and had succeeded in placing himself before Petersburg
early in June. Thereujion an order was addressed to hira
to detach one regiraent to guard a wagon train to Ihe front.
Pie accordingly selected his own — the 2glh — and left the
coraraand of the brigade. Upon reaching the main army
he commenced work in the trenches before Petersburg on
June iglh, where he remained until Ihe day which ended
his life. In the succeeding memorable assault of July 30lh
he vvas at the head of his regimenl, and while his raen were
being cut dovvn in scores by canister, led thera inlo the
thickest of the raelee, and upon seeing the fifth color-
bearer struck down, seized the staff, and rushing to the
front, encouraged his troops by well-tiraed words. It is the
testimony of Captain McCormick, that Ihe regiment ad
vanced in the beginning through a narrow strip of tiraber,
on reaching whieh they received the first fire of Ihe enemy.
The first Union line of earthworks was just beyond, and
then an open plain, across which the troops charged to the
demolished fort. Upon nearing the second line of Confed
erate works they were met by an overwhelming force ofthe
eneray, against which it was irapossible for Ihera to make

450

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

heaaway. Pie then advanced to the parapet and planted i body. At the suggestion of Govemor Yates he had an in-
his colors upon it. But upon observing more closely the terview with Generals Lyon and Butler, tendering the
aspect of affairs he gave the order to retreat, and in so regimenl for service in Missouri. His efforts, however, did
doing was struck by a Minie bullet in the left side of the not raeet with success. He was then -introduced lo Presi-
head, and as he fell dead uttered Ihe words " O Lord ! " 1 dent Lincoln and his Secretaries of Stale and War by
In hi's relicrious life he was a true and unwavering Christian. Senator Browning, and was told that it had been deter-
He united°wilh the Presbyterian Church, al Chester, Orange rained lo accept no troops until Congress should have
county, Nevv York, in 1847. Upon coming to Chicago he [ perfected a militaiy bill. On the President's advice he
connected himself, first with the Second Presbyterian reraained in Washington, encouraged by his assurance:
Church and afterward wilh the Third Presbyterian Church, " The boys frora Illinsis will, beyond a doubt, soon have a

wilh whicb he continued his membership until the time of
his death. He was an exemplary and active member, being
an attendant upon the church prayer meetings and aiding
in Ihe Sabbalh-school. For raany years he took charge of
the choir and led the service of song, and also for a time
was the Superintendent of its Sabbalh-school. He was also
a teacher in a raission school, taking out various teachers
upon Sabbath afternoons during the entire suraraer of 1856.
Amid engagements of olher kinds, he found tirae for culture
in rausic and Uterature, and was unusually farailiar wi.th the
finest productions of both, arts. The meraorial serraon in
honor of his life and services, preached in the Third Pres
byterian Church of Chicago, Deceraber nth, 1864, by the
Jiastor, Arthur Swazey, is an eloquent and raasterly produc
tion. The news of his death was received in Chicago and
elsewhere vvith profound regret, and the members of Ihe
bar in particular testified abundantly to their sorrow at the
departure frora araong them of one beloved and esteemed.
He was married June 5th, 1856, to BeUe A. Mjison,
daughter of Hon. Nelson Mason, of Steriing, Whitesides
counly, IlUnois. By her he had two children, a girl and a
boy, the former of whom died vvhile in her third year.

'ANN, GENERAL ORRIN L., was bora in Char
don, Geauga county, Ohio, November 25lh, 1833.
Soon after Ihis dale his falher, a mechanic, moved
lo Michigan, where he died in 1843. -^^ '''^ ^S^
of twenty Orrin vvas still occupied on Ihe fann,
but engaged subsequently in blaeksmithing, a
trade which he was forced to abandon, hovvever, after an
apprenticeship of one year, owing lo a severe injury received
while working. Pie then applied hiraself lo study at
Albion, under the direction of C. T. liinman, D. D.
After pursuing his studies for a period of Iwo years, he was
compelled on account of straitened circumstances to leave
school, and in 1853 removed to Chicago, where he found
employraent in a private school. In 1856 he enlered col
lege al Ann Arbor, but corapelled by ill health to abandon
sludy in his junior year, he returned to Chicago. In 1861
he enlisted as a jirivate " for three years or the vvar," and
subsequentiy raised a corapany for the 39th Illinois Regi
raent, known as the " Vales Phalanx." Bearing letters to
Governor Yates, he sought his infiuence in behalf of Ihis

chance lo fighl." Congress convened July 4lh, 1861, but
it was not until the 23d, the day after the Bull Run disaster,
that the government responded to the popular sense. On
this day he was summoned to the War Department and
directed to fill up the regiraent at once. The career of Ihe
3glh is historical, and the barest outiine of its record is
sufficient. From Illinois il moved to Missouri, thence lo
Maryland, and soon after to Virginia, on ihe upper Potoraac.
He was then stationed— having been elecled and commis
sioned Major of his regiment — at Berkeley Springs, to guard
the approach to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. January
2d, 1862, with less than a company of infantry, and a few
horse, he met, near Bath, the advance brigade of Stonewall
Jackson's entire army. FaUing back to Berkeley, he held
that position all the next day with his three companies, and
late in the evening retreated skilfuUy to Sir John's Run,
where he forded the Potomac. This stubborn resistance,
which retarded the advance of the enemy and enabled other
troops to cross Ihe river, secured his elevation to the rank
of Lieutenant-Colonel, together wilh a commendatoiy nolice
from General Kelly, commanding. He was subsequentiy
raade a member of General A. S. Williams' staff, but was
jiermitled, at his urgent request, to accompany his regiment
lo western Virginia, whence he returned to participate in
the first battie of Winchester, the scene of Jackson's first
and only thorough defeat. In May the 3gth was sent,
under his coramand, into Ihe Suray Valley to seize two im
jiorlant bridges, which he accomplished after a severe
engagement. During the latter jiart of ihe year, while the
regiment was stationed at Suffolk, he served as Presiden-t
of a General Court-Martial. In January, 1863, he accom
panied il to Newbern, North Carolina, and thence to liiltoii
Plead, Soulh Carolina. The first to land on FoUy island,
the Yates Phalanx assisted efficientiy in the construction of
the works by which Morris island was eventually reduced.
In the siege of Forts Wagner and Gregg he bore a promi
nent part, leading Ihe brigade which enlered the stronghold.
He infcrmed General GUmore by telegrajih Ihat the rebels
were jireparing to desert the fori, and requested perraission
to raove upon their works. The request was granted, and
the result — about sixty jirisoners being taken, with slight
loss — was announced lo Gilmore in the following laconic
telegram, which went the rounds of the papers : " The field
officer of Ihe trenches sends his conijiliraents and congratu
lations from the bomb-proof of fallen Fort Wagner to the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

451

general coraraanding, and wishes to assure him that his
confidence in God and General Gilmore is unshaken.'' He
Jiassed the greater jiart of the ensuing winler in the recruit
ing service, with head-quarters at Chicago. On the expira
tion of ils term of service the 3gth came home, in February,
1864. After a month's furlough, hovvever, the entire com
raand re-enlisted and returned to Ihe field as " veterans,"
and were assigned lo duty on the Jaraes, under General B.
F. Butler. May 14th Ihe Colonel of the regiraent, afterward
Major-General T. O. Osborne, was seriously wounded, and
on Ihe following day the Major and a large number of line
officers were eilher killed or wounded, which events left
hira Ihe only remaining field officer. Six days later. Gen
eral Longstreet, having advanced along the line of Bermuda
Hundred, began entrenching his position, whUe the Union
forces were driven back from a point which it was necessary
to regain. The 39th was ordered lo assume Ihe advance,
and came back with a large number of prisoners, araong
thera a brigadier-general. For his gallantry in this decisive
action, displayed at Ihe expense of a gunshot wound in his
left leg, he was brevetted Brigadier-General. His wound,
which was very serious then, kept him in hospital until
auluran, but as soon as convalescent he served on a court-
raartial at Fortress Monroe. January 1st, 1865, being slill
incapacitated for the field, he vvas assigned to staff duty
under Major-General Ord, and served as Provost-Marshal
of the Dislrict of Easlern Virginia, wdlh head-quarters al
Norfolk. At this period the Provost-Marshal was Mayor
and Coramon Council in one, adrainistering al a most trying
tirae the affairs of a city of mixed population numbering
about twenty thouSiand. He was also Superintendent of an
exiensive public school system established by General
Butler; General Superintendent of a large military prison;
and Superintendent of the City Gas Comjiany. Later, when
promoted lo a full Colonelcy, he was ordered to join his
coramand at Richmond. The Norfolk raarshalship vvas
aboUshed and the eily lurned over lo Ihe civil authorities.
Later, however, at the request of M.ajor-General Terry, who
deeraed such a step advisable, he was re-assigned lo his old
di.-ilricl, wilh plenary powers according to his brevet rank,
officiating as Provost-Marshal until Deceraber, 1865, when,
returning to the West, he vvas mustered out with his regi
ment at Springfield, Illinois. He was afterward appoinled
CoUector of Internal Revenue for the First District of
Illinois.

^ARDNER, FREELAND B., Lumber Merchant,
was born in Elbridge, Onondaga county, Nevv
York, July 30th, 1817, and vvas the youngest in a
faniily of nine children. When nine years of age
he went to live with his brother-in-law, Colonel
John Hillibut, then residing in Fort Ann, Wash
ington county. New York, in whose store he found eraploy-
iiient and secured a knowledge of business details and

ojierations, receiving in the meantime, also, a fair coraraon
school education. While in his twentieth year he sel out to
sell goods on his own account at Patten's Mills, in Kings
bury, New York. His venture was successful, and within
eight raonths he sold out his entire interest in his country
slore, at a profit of ^834. Wilh Ihis cajiital he moved in
l83g to the West, visiting Chicago, MUwaukee, and other
prominent points. While slopping at the Lake Plouse he
received a proposition frora Ebenezer Broughton to return
lo Fort Ann and form a partnership with hira in a mercan
tile business. The offer was accepted, the needful funds
procured, and the copartnership forraed. At Ihe exjiiration
of five years Ihe association was dissolved, and he found
himself in jiossession of the sum of S5000. He then again
lurned lo the West, and selected Ihe lumbering business as
his fulure field of operations ; but while arranging his plans
an unexpected turn in money matters rendered it difficult
for hira to obtain the additional funds needed, and holding
his project in abeyance for a time, he went to New York,
purchased a stock of goods, and opened a slore in Kenosha,
now Southport, Wisconsin. In 1848 he disposed of his
business to good advantage, and Noveraber glh, l84g, set
out vvith his vvife and child, on the stearaboat " Lexington,"
for the Pensaukee river, on the western shore of Green bay,
Wisconsin. This place was then literally a wilderness.
He had bought aU the land entered on the Pensaukee, with
the exception of thirty-seven acres, and workmen had been
sent forward with raaterials for the construction of a steara
saw-raill, and lo make teraporary arrangeraents for the
shelter of themselves and their eraployer and his faraily.
The first day after his arrival found the mechanics at work
upon the foundation of the mill, but to his great disappoint
raent no lime vvas procurable; it had been accidentally left
by the freight vessel at Racine, and il was now loo late to
retura and have Ihe raaterial forwarded. It was known
that liraestone was attainable across the bay; a sailing scow,
accordingly, was by the aid of a favoring breeze landed at
Ihe jioint at vvhich Ihey wished to touch. They there found
in an old kiln a quantity of air-slaked lime, purchased the
desired quantity for a barrel of flour, and returned. The
work of construction then went rapidly forward, and the
necessary raachinery, after reaching Kenosha by rail and
stearaer, and being carried thence to Green bay, was finally
transported to ils ultiraate resting-place; and May glh, 1850,
the raachinery being put in its place, Ihe raill was opened—
the second steam saw-raill erected upon the coast of Green
bay. For a time he had a luraber yard in Kenosha, but in
the spring of 1852, renioving to Chicago, he opened a
large lumber yard in Ihat city, a business which rapidly
increased up to 1857. On the eastern shore of the bay, at
a point called Little Sturgeon, he erected anolher steam
saw-mill, and built two fine vessels to convey the lumber
from Ihe mUls to the market. This raill was afterward
burned, involving a loss of $25,000, and had been scarcely
rebuUt vvhen the raeraorable financial crash of 1857 oe-

452

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

curred. He was then mastered by circurastances beyond
his control, and vvas obliged to suspend. Eventually, how
ever, as business revived and prices advanced, his financial
condition iraproved; one debt after another was met until
his obligations were all fully discharged and his splendid
properly relieved of all incurabrances. He is now in the
full tide of business prosperity, his raills have becorae cen
tres of considerable settlements, and his stores in connection
wdth Ihera coramand a large trade from persons who reside
along the coast. He manufactured the first year two mil
lion feet of luraber, vvhile his annual raanufacture is now
fifteen raillion feet, and erajiloys about one hundred and
fifty raen. He owns on the Pensaukee river thirty thousand
acres of tiraber land, a properly which is joined to Chicago
by telegraph. In addition to the three sail vessels vvhich
he has built for his own accoraraodation, he has been an
important agent in furnishing steara coraraunication with
the shores of Green bay. He vvas married in 1 841 to
Fanny Copeland, and has one son and two daughters.

OORE, JESSE H., Clergyman and ex-Congress-
raan, was born near Lebanon, St. Clair county,
Illinois, AprU 22d, 1817. His grandfather was
at the battle of Yorktown, and was an eye
witness of the surrender of Cornwallis to Wash
ington. His falher and all his brothers and
brothers-in-law participated in the war of 1812. The son
of a farmer, he grew lo nianhood in his native county, and
in 1837 enlered McKendree College, at Lebanon, where he
graduated in 1842. Then he began life as a teacher. He
was soon after elected Principal of the Georgetown Sem
inary, where he reraained four years, and was subsequently
Principal of the Paris Serainary, and still latei; President of
Quincy College, making in all thirteen years in the pursuit
of his profession. He had studied law and was adrailted to
the bar, but never practised. Having entered the ministry
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he served as Pastor of
several important churches in the Illinois Annual Confer
ence. In Ihe summer of 1862 he was earnestiy solicited
by many who vvere enlisting in the service of the country to
declare his willingness to lead a regiraent of volunteers into
the field. In the face of many obstacles he consented, and
raised the 115th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry,
which vvas organized at Camp Butier, Illinois, August 26th,
1862. He was duly coraraissioned Colonel of the regiraent,
and was ordered to the field the foUowing October. On
reaching Covington, Kenlucky, the regiraent was attached
to the 2d Brigade, 2d Division, Array of Kenlucky. lie
was in coraraand of the post at Richraond, Kenlucky, dur
ing the months of November and Deceraber. Frora there
he, together wilh his regiment, marched to NashviUe to
reinforce Ihe Army of Ihe Cumberland. From March Ist
to June ISl, 1863, he was stationed at FrankUn, Tennessee,

and subsequentiy raoved wilh the Army of the Cumberland
on Shelbyville and TuUahoraa, where he was in command
of the post during a part of the months of July and August.
On the iglh and 20lh of Septeraber he participated in the
battle of Chickaraauga. His regiment bore a conspicuous
part in nearly all Ihe operations which resulted in the defeat
of Bragg and Longstreet at Chattanooga, Lookout Moun
tain, and Mission Ridge. He led the charge on Tunnel
Hill, skirmished several days wdth the eneray at Rocky
Face and at Buzzard's Roost, in front of Dalton, and bore a
conspicuous part in the battle of Resaca. During the last
year of Ihe war he coraraanded Ihe 2d Brigade, 1st Division,
4th Army Corps, of Ihe Departraent of the Cumberland.
He was in conimand of the post at Resaca, which at that
time had becorae Ihe base of supplies for the array Ihen
operating in Georgia, under General Sherraan. While he
remained in that important position, guarding coraraunica
tions, he had almost daily skirmishes wilh raiding parlies
of the enemy. On the 15th and 16th of Deceraber, 1864,
he, wilh his comraand, bore a gallant and consjiicuous part
in the engagements with Hood's forces in front of Nash
ville. Immediately after the battle, in comraand of his
brigade, he raarched with the 4lh Army Corps in pursuit
of Hood's forces to within twenly-five railes of Florence,
Alabaraa, and ihence to HuntsvUle, where he reraained in
carap until the I4lh of March, 1865. Thence he set out
for Richraond, Virginia, but halted at Greenville, Tennes
see, on hearing of the occupation of the rebel cajiital by Ihe
Array of the Potoraac. He reraained in carap a few weeks,
when, wilh the 4lh Array Corps, he was ordered to Nash
ville, preparatory to raoving into Texas. MeanwhUe,
however, the Confederacy having gone lo pieces more sud
denly than was expected, the troops whose terra of service
would expire prior to Septeraber 20lh, 1865, were ordered
to be raustered out, and Colonel Moore, who had, in April,
1865, been made a Brigadier-General by brevet, retired to
civil life. After Ihe close of the war he resumed his duties
as rainister of the gospel, and was Presiding Elder of
Decatur District Illinois Conference, when he was elected
on the Rejiublican ticket a Representative frora Illinois to
the Forty-first Congress. He took a prominent part in the
proceedings, and was honored by a re-election to the Forty-
second Congress.

REWS, REV. HOOPER, was born under Pruett's
Knob, Bowen counly, Kenlucky, April I7lh,
1807. While in his sixth year his father died
suddenly, leaving an estate so encumbered by
debt that little remained for the widow and chil
dren. His earlier education, acquired in a desul
tory manner, was the fruit of observation rather than of
application to text-books. In August, 1826, he raade a
profession of religion and united with the Melhodist Epis
copal Church, and imraediately engaged in all the duties

HON.J.ESSE H MOORE

HEpr!Ji;SEH-TATrvT!; tTuH: EilMOIS

F.NCRAVtO FOR RAINES H I S-f ORY OF COWCfC:-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

453

of his nevv relation, Ihe church licensing hira as an exhorter,
in which capacity he began his labors in cabins and school-
houses. He had been detailed for that work by Rev. Jon
athan Stamper, then presiding elder, who desired an
assistant on the Bowling Green Circuit. In September,
i82g, he was licensed to preach and admitted inlo Ihe
Kenlucky Conference, being appointed lo the Salt River
Circuit, where he reraained two years. He then received
Deacon's orders, and was ajipointed to the Greensburg Cir
cuit. Two years later he received Elder's orders, and was
stationed in Russellville. In 1834 he reraoved lo southern
Illinois, where he met Bishop Roberts, who requested him
to go to Galena and take charge of a small raission dislrict
as Presiding Elder, and also lo serve the Galena Mission as
Pastor. After an hour's consideration he acceded to Ihe
request, and Ihe next raorning rode out of Ihe village of
Mount Carrael, on the Wabash, turning northward with his
horse, five hundred railes lying between him and his pur-
jiosed destination. At Ihe present tirae there are in Illinois
alone four great conferences, with fragments of two olhers ;
then the old Illinois Conference embraced all Ihe white
settlements in the Stale, and all north and west, vvith Ihe
Indian Missions, both white and Indian. In this territory
Ihere vvere forty-three Methodist rainisters, scattered frora
the southern and eastern lines of the State to Burlington and
Dubuque, and north to Green bay. "A more happy, cheer
ful corapany of men has never been seen than scattered
from that conference to hard and rugged fields of labor.
Settleraents were coraparatively few and were often widely
separated ; we had an extensive frontier line ; we had few
highways and scarcely any bridges." He vvas appointed to
Springfield in 1835, but before occujiying his pulpit re
turned to Russellville, where he was married. After passing
two years in the former place he vvas appoinled Presiding
Elder of Danville District, " from Iroquois county on Ihe
nortii, to White county on Ihe south, embracing all the
tiraber on the east side of the prairie." In 1840 the Rock
River Conference was set off from the Illinois, and he was
assigned within it and stationed in Chicago. Starting frora
DanviUe he arrived in Chicago October 17th. The next
raorning he attended the quarterly love-feast in Ihe church
— an unpainted wooden structure twenty-two feet by sixty,
fronting on Washington street — the roll of raerabers being
one hundred and fifty. By special act the State then per
raitted each denominalion lo select a lot of the canal lands,
and a deed vvas given limiting the properly to church uses,
and thus was secured the lot on Ihe corner of Clark and
Washington streets. The parsonage was removed frora
Adaras street and jilaced on Ihe soulh line of the lot, front
ing on Clark street. From that date he has been prom
inently identified with the religious interests of northern
Illinois, particularly with Chicago, Ihough not residing
continuously in the eily, where he has officiated as Paslor
and as Presiding Elder. He was early noted for his zeal
in the cause of temperance and moral reform, and has been

a eonstant friend and adviser of the Garrett Biblical Insti
tute, il religious training school, an-d has alraost uninler-
ruptedly acted as one of its Trustees. When the Northern
University, at Evanston, was originated, he gave his hearty
co-operation, and has rarely been absent frora the meetings
of its trustees. At the outbreak of the rebellion he served
one year as Chaplain ofthe 114th Regiment Illinois Volun
teers, resigning only when compelled to do so by failing
heallh. He was raarried in 1835 to Maiy Frances Sniilh.
Iiis son won promotion to a Captaincy by gallantry on the
field, and is now a Lieutenant in the regular array. He
has also two daughters, one of whom resides in Bowling
Green, Kentucky; the other being still at home.

EALY, GEORGE P. A., Artist, vvas born in Bos
ton, Massachusetts, July I5lh, 1813, and is Ihe
eldest son of Captain William liealy and Mary
Healy. His falher led an active life in his pro
fession as captain in the merchant service. In
the war of 1812 his vessel and cargo, in which
his entire fortune was embarked, were captured by a British
privateer, and he was detained six raonths on the island of
Antigua as a prisoner of vvar. On his return he raarried
Mary Hicks, then bttt fourteen years of age. From his
mother George P. Plealy probably inherited his lalenl for
painting, of which, hovvever, he gave no indication until, in
his sixteenth year, it was- developed apparently by his
efforts in drawing maps for his schoolmates. Two years
later Thomas Sully visited Boston, coraraissioned by the
AthenEeura of that city to paint a full-length portrait of the
late Colonel Thomas H. Perkins, when he secured ihrough
Jane Stuart, daughter of Gilbert Stuart, a presentation to the
famous painter, who requested him to make a study frora
nature and copy a head by Stuart. When completed and
shown it called forth the following advice : " By all means,
Mr. Healy, make painting your profession." In 1S31 he
look a painting room on Federal street, in a house belong
ing to the late Richard Tucker, where he paid his first
quarter's rent by painting Ihe portraits of Charles Tucker
and John Henry Gray. These — the first portraits exhibited
by him — were seen at the AlhenEeum in 1832. In the fol
lowing spring, while one day painting Lieulenant Van
Brunt, of the navy, he expressed a wish to find sorae beau
tiful woraan whose picture he might place in the approach
ing exhibition. The latter advised hira to go to Mrs.
Plarrison Otis. Acting iraraedifitely on the suggestion, he
succeeded finally in securing her consent to sil. The
proceeds of this work enabled hira lo go to Europe, in the
spring of 1834, wilh |looo in his pocket. He studied two
years in Paris, drawing frora Ufe and also copying a number
of pictures in the Louvre. Lale in Ihe following auturan
he started for Italy by the way of Mount Cenis. While
resting in the first town on the plains of Italy, where the

454

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

diligence halted, he became acquainted wilh Sir Arthur
Faulkner and Lady Faulkner, with whom he then travelled
through the country and visited the principal picture gal
leries. WhUe in Florence he copied the " Venus " of
Tilians and other iraportant works. On his return to Paris,
having stopped en route Iwo months at Geneva, where he
painted Mrs. Otis and faniily, besides many English people,
he raade several copies iu the Louvre, painting in the even
ings frora life. In the spring of 1836 he visited London
for the first time, and saw the last exhibition ever held in
Somerset House, and painted also a portrait of Francis
Place, the friend of Benlhara and Burdett. In the autumn
of that year Joseph Hume, referring to Ihe portrait of Place,
wrole a note saying that he would be glad to sit if he could
obtain so good a likeness. This note reaching him while
on a sketching tour, during which expedition he made a
journey of three hundred leagues on fool, in corapany with
two French artists, he returned in order to coraply wilh the
request of the historian. He subsequently received frora
Sir Arthur Brookfaulkner a coraraission lo paint Plis Royal
Highness, the Duke of Sussex, and himself. With this
handsome opening he progressed successfully until the
summer of 1838, when Ihe American Minister, Andrew
Stevenson, gave hira a coraraission to paint a portrait of
Marshal Soult, saying ; "You must ai range with General
Cass, our minister in Paris, in regard to the sittings."
Cass's reply reached him while raaking studies in Belgiura,
saying : " Corae lo Paris and I will do what I can to induce
the marshal to sit for you ; in Ihe meantime I wish you to
paint myself and faniily, for, allhough young in years, your
fame has reached rae." The marshal, however, was unable
to sit at that time. During the sittings of General Cass that
gentleman said: " Plow would you Uke to jiaint a portrait
of Louis Philippe? " at which the artist srailed, as if that
was impossible; eventually, however, his raajesty, at the
instance of General Cass, said : " Inform your young friend
that vvhen he visits Paris again il will be a pleasure for me
to sit to him." Shortly after, accordingly, he returned to
Paris, and, accorapanied by General Cass, went lo the king
for the fii-st silting. When perraission was asked lo lake
the raeasure of his face, the reply was : " Do as you are
accustoraed, Mr. Healy, so as not lo lose time." With this
permission the ascent of two or three steps look hira to
where his raajesty was sitting. The new dividers in his
hand looked not unlike a poignard, and one of the aides
rushed forward to seize his arra, when Louis Philippe
observed : " Monsieur le General, Mr. Healy is a republican
from the United Slates and there is no danger." During
this year he painted also the portrait of Mrs. Cass, which in
Ihe eichibition at the Louvre, in the spring of 1840, obtained
for hira his first gold raedal. During one of the sittings of
Louis Philijipe, in 1842, his majesty observed : " I was seen
in good company last night, at Ihe grand ball given by
General Cass to comraeraorate the birth of General Wash
ington, hanging, as I did, between Ihe portraits of that great

raan and Monsieur Guizot." On a subsequent occasion the
king said to him : " Mr. Healy, I want a whole-length por-
Irait of General Washington for my historical gallery at
VersaiUes, and I wish it from your pencU." The artist
suggested that he should make a copy of the full-length
portrait in Faneuil Hall, Boston. Louis said : " I wish,
rather, for a cojiy of that which Mrs. Bingham ordered
Stuart to jiainl, anrl which I saw in ils progress in the
artist's studio, for that is in his black velvet, as Presideni,
and not as General. That picture is novv in London. M. Le
Compte St. Auler, our Ambassador, shall be inslrueled lo
obtain permission for you to copy il, and I vvill send for you
in a week." The king was true to his word, and on the
next nieeting said : " Mr. Healy, the portrait in question
has gone to St. Petersburg, where I raay not send you. I
now leave this matter in your hands. Proceed to Ihe
Uniled States, and do as well as you can from the one in
Ihe Presidential Mansion, whieh was saved by Mistress
Madison when the British took Washington." Returning
to Boston after an absence of eight years, he lost no lime in
executing the work confided lo him, and was received most
kindly by Washington AUston, to whora he delivered a
raessage from the Duke of Sutherland in regard to Ihe pic
ture ordered for hira by his brolher-in-law. Lord Morpeth.
That painter's reply was : " I informed his lordship that I
could not complete that work until ray great picture, on
vvhich I have been occupied for twenty-five years, is fin
ished." Afterward, while in London, he was informed
that West's picture of Washington was stored in Silbury's
warehouse, vvhere he obtained from Ihe executors of John
D. Lewis permission to finish his copy frora the original,
which copy now hangs at Versailles. The forraer carae
inlo the hands of John D. Lewds in the foUowdng manner:
the Marquis of Lansdowne, having quarrelled wdlh his heirs,
sold the library and pictures. The portrait was purchased
by Moon, Boys & Graves, Ihe famous print-sellers, wdio
endeavored to dispose of it lo Ihe English governraent.
The Duke of WeUington and olher raerabers of the cabinet
went to see it; but although adrairing the work andthe
character of the original, decided ihat they could not hang
the portrait of a traitor to England in the National Gallery.
The firm Ihen dLsposed of it by lottery, which brought it
into the hands of the gentleman referred lo. On his return
to Paris, M. Guizot, after a cabinet meeting, was invited to
see Ihe jiiclure, when Louis Philippe remarked : " I wish
you lo see what my American painter has done for rae."
In the previous year the Americans resident in Paris, desir
ing lo testify lo Ihe Prime Minister their admiralion of his
paraphlet on Washington, and his olher writings, ordered
hira lo paint a full-length portrait of Ihat statesman, to be
Jilaced in Washington, subject to the disposition of Presi
dent Tyler. It now occupies si place in Ihe Srailhsonian
Instilute. In 1844 the king comraLssioned him to make
copies of the portraits of the' royal personages from Eliza
beth down to William IV., together wilh those of the more

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

455

eminent statesmen. While still executing these orders he
was inslrueled to proceed iraraediately to paint a portrait of
General Jackson, and several of the presidents and states
raen of our country. These being finished, he obtained per
raission from his majesty to return to the Uniled States, lo
raake the studies for his great picture of " Webster replying
to Hayne," the studies for and Ihe execulion of vvhich work
occupied him seven years. It was purchased by Ihe city of
Boston, and is now in Faneuil lialL Before it was cora
pleted Louis Philippe was dethroned. On his return lo
Europe, he visited his patron and faraily at Claremont,
where he met with a cordial reception. Iiis next impor
tant work represents Franklin, Lee and Dean negotiating a
treaty of alliance between France and the struggling colo
nies, whicb obtained for hira his second gold raedal al the
Universal Exhibition in Paris in 1855, the year in which he
carae to Chicago, his faraily following him the year after.
In 1856 Ihe faniily returned to Paris, where he joined thera
in Ihe sumraer of 1867.
(.(iJ^OWEN, COL. JAMES H., Merchant, was born in
Manheim, Herkimer county. New York, March
7th, 1822, and is Ibe eldest son of a faraily of
eight children. His parenls were of New Eng
land Puritanic stock, exemplary Christians, and
bestowed careful attention on the education and
moral training of their children. Until fourteen years of
age he assisted his falher in his business as carpenter, joiner
and cabinet-maker, in Manheim, attending at intervals the
coramon school. May 6th, 1836, he becarae engaged as
clerk in a store and post-office near his home, at a salary of
thirty dollars per year, where he tended Ihe counter, kept
books, drove teara, and raade hiraself generally useful.
Three years laler he transferred his place lo a younger
brother, and took anolher situation, at Little Falls, New
York, coraraencing with a salary of one hundred dollars,
board and washing, per year. He was subsequentiy placed
in direction of one of the largest houses in that section of
the country. Three years afterward, while slill a minor, he
became the Secretary and Treasurer of the Wool Growers'
Manufacturing Corapany, located at Lillie Falls, the head
of his business firm being the agent of the mill, which em
ployed 160 hands, and consumed 1000 pounds of wool
daily. While thus employed he acted also as the first Agent
of Ihe Araerican Express Corapany at that place. Frora
1842 to 1846 he w.as occupied incessantly in the exhaustive
labors attached to his office, and in the latter year, his health
becoraing enfeebled, he felt that it vvas necessary to raake a
change. July ist, 1846, accordingly, he removed to Jeffer
son county. New York, where he engaged in the general
merchandising business, filling al the same tirae the posi
tions of Postmaster and Assistant United Stales Marshal,
and taking an active part in tbe public affiiirs of Ihis portion
of the State. In May, 1853, he closed his business Ihere,

and connected himself wilh a leading coraraercial house in
Albany, New York, where he remained until 1857, when he
removed to Chicago. Though not personally present, he
had for sorae tirae previous had considerable capital invested
in the West, and on Ihe following July 1st, in asssocialion
vvith his brothers, George S. Bowen and Chauncey T.
Bowen, he comraenced business in the store No. 72 Lake
street, under the firra-name of Bowen Brothers. The capi
tal of the new firm was $30,000; ils business, crockery and
jobbing of dry goods. The result of the first year's busi
ness was a sale of $200,000, and so judiciously had Ihe
affairs of the house been handled that, vvhen the rebellion
broke out, and the rapid appreciation of values and large
deraands for goods carae hand in hand, the firra was pre
pared to take advantage of Ihe situation, and lo meel all its
requirements. In l85g the stores Nos. 74 and 76 were ap
propriated by the brothers, and in 1863 the two large stores,
Nos. ig and 21 Lake street, were secured, and filled from
attic lo basement vvith goods. The business constantiy in
creasing, the books of the firm soon exhibited an annual
list of $7,ooo,ocxi in sales, on a cash basis. In 1866 Ihey
erected the raagnificent five-storied raarble block, Nos. 15,
17, ig, 21, 23, 25, 27 and 2g Randolph street, known as
Bowens' Building, at a cost of about $400,000, having pre
viously built the three stone-front residences, Nos. 124,
125 and 126 Michigan avenue, where they resided. Upon
the completion of the block, Ihe business was transferred
thither, and a change in the firm was effected, Jaraes II.
Bowen and Chauncey T. Bowen retiring from active par
ticipation, and assuraing the place of special partners, the
business being continued in all ils branches by the newly-
organized firra of Bowen, Whitraan & Winslow. As a
meraber of the Board of Trade, and subsequently of the
MercantUe Association, he was noted for the interest he took
in the discussion of coraraercial questions, and for his en
larged and liberal views. During the financial troubles of
1857-1861 he was energetically engaged in the endeavor lo
avert financial disaster, and advocated the extension of cora
raercial facilities in every possible way. He was a warm
supporter of the National Bank programme, and the Third
National Bank of Chicago, one of the first organized, as
suraed a leading position under his direction as Presideni.
His raoveraent in favor of an organized systera of bank ex
changes resulted eventually in the organization of the
Chicago Clearing-Iiouse Association; while, as an active
raeraber of Ihe Board of Trade, he has won distinction by
his liberality and boundless enterprise. Pie was a member
of the Union Defence Coraraittee, which body organized the
Chicago regiments for the field in the earlier half of the
vvar, and on tiie eleclion of General Oglesby as Governor of
Illinois, in November, 1864, he vvas appointed a member
of his staff, with Ihe rank of Colonel, and in this capacity
contributed valuable aid on various iraportant occasions. On
retiring frora active business in January, 1867, he devoted
rauch of his lirae to forwarding the interesls of lUinois and

456

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

the Norlhwest as connected with the great Paris Exposition,
and urged ihe collection and forwarding of speciraens of
western products and skill to the world's fair in Europe.
As United States Coraraissioner to the Exposition he visited
Paris in the spring, and during his six months' sojourn in
that city, worked constantly and efficiently in furthering the
inleresis of the United Slates in general, and Illinois in par
ticular. The " Illinois School-house and Farm-house " at
tracted great attention, while the statistics of Illinois, and
especially of Chicago, excited much coraraent, and drew Ihe
attention of all to the wonderful resources and rapidity of
development of this section of our country. He was mar
ried in September, 1843, to Caroline A. Smith, and has four
children.

'AYWARD, JOHN S., Land Operator, and one of
the representative men, not only of Hillsborough,
the place of his residence, but of Illinois, was a
native of Massachusetts, having been born at
Bridgewater in 1803. The faraily is of English
extraction, and the published genealogy contains
accounts of the faraily daiing back to 1638. John S. was
educaled in Massachusetts, and for several years after cora
jileling his scholastic course acted as accountant in one of
the most substantial business houses of Boston, where he
gained the entire confidence of his eraployers. In 1834 he
moved west, and localed at Hillsborough, Montgomery
county, Illinois, and engaged in mercantile business. After
a short but eminently successful and honorable career as a
merchant, Mr. Hayward turned his attention lo the raore
congenial occupation of operating in lands. This he pur
sued on the raost raagnificent seale, his transactions cover
ing the princely and unprecedented sura of 75,000 acres.
The vast w-ealth which rewarded his uncoramon sagacity
found employment in the promotion of ail worthy enter
prises, and in the most unobtrusive and tiraely charities.
But it vvas not as a raillionnaire that Mr. Hayward was dis
tinguished. In every relation of life he jilayed his role
well, and conciliated the esteem of all with whom he came
into contact. Upright and unassuming as a citizen, syrapa-
thetie to an uncommon degree, of refined and raost elevated
tastes, an affectionate husband, kind and indulgent as a
father, a generous friend and raost exeraplaty Christian, his
pure soul knew no guile, and it raay be truly said that he
was an honor to his race and an exaraple of whom any com
munity raight be proud. He was raarried in 1840 lo Har-
rielte F. Coraslock, of Hartford, Connecticut, by whom he
had three chUdren, all of whora are slill living. He died
at his residence in Hillsborough, on May 3d, l86g ; his wife
sui-vived him several years, dying at Pana in 1874. In
educational raatters Mr. Hayward always took a deep in
terest, and gave his personal attention lo the furtherance of
schemes for its spread. Believing in the education of the
people, he was an e.ariy and ever a strong advocate of Ihe '

"Free School System," and though paying yearly large
suras in the way of taxes for Ihe support of schools in which
he could have no personal interest, he always did it cheer
fully.

AE, ROBERT, Lawyer, was born in PhUadelphia,
October 3d, 1830. He fitted for college at David
Stroud's Academy at West Chester, Pennsylvania,
and entered Lafayette CoUege in 1844. Com-.
mencing the study of Latin at eight, and Greek
at eleven years of age, at eighleen he was an ex
cellent Greek and Latin scholar. He read law with John
Cadwalader of Philadelphia, and was adraitted to the bar in
185 1, and practised in that city two years, when he removed
to Erie, Pennsylvania, and edited the Erie Chronicle in the
interest of the Sunbury & Erie, and Pennsylvania Railroads.
On the breaking out of Ihe Mexican vvar, he volunteered,
and was appoinled Lieutenant in a Washington regi
ment, and remained in the service till the close of the con
test. In 1855 ^^ removed to Chicago, where he resumed
his profession, and becarae identified wilh insurance and
admiralty practice. He argued the case of Walker vs.
The Western Transportation Corapany successfully. This
was a leading case, involving Ihe right of Congress to lirait
the liability of sbip-owners, and is reported in 3 Wallace,
page 150. In the case of Aldrich vs. The Etna Insur
ance Company, reported in 8 Wallace, page 4gi, the deci
sion, based on his argument, established the doctrine ofthe
exclusive right of Congress to legislate over the paper titles
lo vessels engaged in foreign or inter-State commerce. The
case was taken from the New York Court of Appeals, where
the right had been denied, and he succeeded in having the
decision of Ihe New York court reversed. This established
the present law ruling all similar cases. He was also coun
sel for the Galena Packet Company against Ihe Rock Island
Bridge Company, rejiorled in 6 Wallace, page 213, and was
inslruraenlal in having the Uniled Slates Courts abolish Ihe
twelfth rule in admiralty, whieh denied the jurisdiction in
rem of the admiralty eourt, in cases of supplies furnished
domestic vessels ; which overruled a series of decisions from
the time of the case of General Smith (reported in 4
Wheaton) until this decision. He obtained a charter frora
the State of Illinois for the establishraent of a Chamber of
Comraerce for Chicago, which he organized, and acted as
Secretary one year wiihout rerauneralion, taking an active
part in the purchase of grounds and the erection of build
ings. At Ihe beginning of Ihe war he enlered the array as
Colonel of the Douglas Brigade, of Chicago, and was in
coraraand of Carap Douglas until 1863, when he resigned.
In October, 1873, he called a meeting to devise and organ
ize for the purpose of building a new raU route from Chicago
to Charlestown. Over three hundred delegates attended,
and the result of Iheir deliberations was the organization of
the Chicago & Soulh Atlantic Railroad Cerapany, and he was

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

457

elected Vice-President of the corporation. This road when
comjileted will be an alraost direc,l air-line between Chicago
and Charlestown, and Ihe benefits to be derived therefrom
by both cities and the country traversed can hardly be esti
mated, ancl will be a stronger bond of union than the com
bined Congressional acts in that direction sinee Ihe vvar.
Mr. Rae is largely interested in railroad and telegraph com
panies and the street-railways of Chicago. He was raarried
in 1850 to Sarah Moulson, of Philadelphia. Of a faniily of
six children the eldest son, Robert, is an architect; the re
mainder are now in Europe completing their education.

''HOMAS, SAMUEL, Pioneer Settier of lUinois,
was born in Connecticut, February 2d, 1787. He
is a son of David and Penelope (Bonfyi Thoraas.
His raother was a native of France, and carae to
the Uniled States vvith her parenls when quite
young and previous to the American Revolution.
His grandfather (paternal), Aaron Thomas, was a native of
Wales. In the spring of 1806 Samuel Thoraas left his
home in Connecticut and started out in the world alone.
FoUowdng the example of a number of the emigrants frora
his Slate, he took up his abode in the beautiful v<aUey of Ihe
Wyoraing, locating at Kingston, Pennsylvania. At Ihe
breaking out of hostilities in 1812, he raised a corapany of
volunteer artillery, which was accepted by Ihe government,
and they vvere ordered to Erie, lo protect the fleet which
was being prejiared there for service. General, then Cap
tain, Thoraas here rendered efficient service, and did duly
wilh his company until after the glorious fight of Commo
dore Perry, and he was araong the first to congratulate that
hero, on his landing after the corabat. Their services being
no longer required in Ihis quarter, Captain Thoraas again
tendered his corapany of ninety raen and five field-pieces to
the governraent for a six months' campaign, and they were
ordered to raove up lo Sandusky and join Ihe northwestern
army under General Harrison. At the expiration of his
service — in all soraewhat over seven raonlhs — Captain
Thoraas returned to his horae in Kingston, and resumed his
trade, that of tanner and currier, vvhich he had learned at
home in Connecticut. Bttt the sterling qualities and un
flinching patriotism of the raan were fully recognized by
his neighbors, and they accordingly sought his services in
Jiublic places of trust. In ,1816 he was appointed Justice of
the Peace, an office which at that time carried some weight
wilh it. This position he satisfactorily filled for ten years.
His appointraent vvas raade by Governor Siraon .Snyder,
and gave hira jurisdiction over the townships of Kingston
and Plyraouth, which classed as District No. 2. In 1825
he was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania on the
Deraocratic ticket, being an old Jeffersonian Democrat. He
still beUeves in the principles ofthal school. He served for
two sessions in Ihe lower House, representing the counties
5S

of Luzerne, Susquehanna and Columbia. It was during his
service in Ihe Legislature that Ihe first act for internal im
provement of Ihe State was agitated and p.assed. In August,
1 82 1, he was ajijiointed by Governor James Heister, Brigade
Inspector of the 8lh Division, which comprised Ihe railitia
of the counties of Northuraberland, Union, Columbia, Lu
zerne, Susquehanna and Wayne. This ajipoinlraent was
for a period of seven years, during which he organizetl
thirty-three corapanies in the dislrict. At the expiralion of
his'term as Brigade Inspector, and in 1828, Governor An
drew J. Shulze appoinled hira Brigadier-General of the 2d
Brigade, 8lh Division. This office was also held for a term
of seven years. In 1833 General Thoraas visited Ihe West,
and the year following, deciding to reraove to Illinois, he
localed about thirty miles from Peoria, in Putnara counly,
the settleraent being then known as Fort Clark. In the
spring of 1836 he reraoved lothe half section of land which
he had entered, and which vvas then known as Ihe Spoon
River Settleraent. Here he laid out a town which he called
Wyoraing, after Ihe beautiful valley of that narae in Penn
sylvania, from wdience he had corae. Plere he has ever
since resided. In 1847 he vvas elected lo the Legislature on
the Deraocratic ticket, for Ihe dislrict comprising Ihe coun
ties of Peoria, Bureau and Stark. During his service in
that body he vvas a warra supporter of Douglas, and helped
to secure his eleclion to Ihe Uniled States Senale. He was
raarried in 1807 to Marcia Pettibone, daughter of Captain
Oliver Pettibone, frora Connecticut. She died in 1865,
July 2lst. In February, 1841, he was appointed, by Gov
ernor Carlin of Illinois, a Notary Public. Though eighty-
eight years of age he still retains all his faculties unimpaired,
and is remarkably vigorous in body. He enjoys the esteem
of the comraunily to a high degree.

MITH, JAMES GILMAN, A. M., M. D., was
born in Exeter, New Harapshire, January 4th,
1828. His parents were Josiah Gilman Smilh
and Frances A. (Easthara) Smilh. He was pre
pared for college at the Phillips Academy in his
native place, a classical school of high rank. In
1844 he entered Harvard College as a sophoraore, and
graduated frora that institution in 1847, receiving the degree
of A. M. In 1848 he coramenced the study of medicine
under the instructions of Dr. William Perry, and attended
the medical school of Harvard Universily. Subsequently
he pursued his studies vvith Dr. J. H. Grey, a celebrated
physician of Springfield, Massachusetts, and in the spring of
1851 graduated frora the Pennsylvania University. Re
raoving to Boston, he practised in the city hospitals for
about eighleen raonlhs, and in 1853 removed to Chicago,
where he has since been professionally and successfully
occupied. Pie has been one of the surgeons at the Cook
County Hospital, and at Ihe preseni time is Consulting

458

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Physician for the Women's Hospital, and President of
Harvard College Alumni of Chicago. During the cholera
season of 1854, his successful treatment of many cases
won for him considerable reputation. In 1868 he went lo
Europe for the purpose of visiting hospitals and other
institutions vvhere he raight increase his store of experience
and medical knowledge. He was married, October l6lh,
1873, to Harriet G. Hammond, at Cleveland, Ohio.

^ UDD, S. CORNING, Lawyer, was born in Canan-
? i'l daigua county, New York, July 21st, 1827. Plis
^|l falher, Solomon Corning Judd, Sr., removed to
''jff that place frora West Harapton, Massachusetts, at
tv^^ an early day, and engaged in raerchandising,
farraing, and real estate speculations. S. Corning
attended the public schools in his native county, and also
the Aurora Acaderay, in Erie county, corapleting his
acaderaical course in this institution in 1844. He then
entered the law office of Mr. Carr, in Aurora, in Ihe sarae
year, and entered upon a course of legal sludies. At the
close of 1844 he visited Canada, and there was offered a
position as teacher, which he accepted. At the expiration
of a year he returaed to New York and entered the lavv
office of Griswold & Corning, vvhere he reraained until
1848, when he passed his examination at Albany and vvas
admitted to Ihe bar. He immediately began the praclice
of his profession in Syracuse, New York, but shortly after
ward was elected City Clerk, an office vvhich withdrew
him for a tirae frora an active professional career. In 1849
he assumed the editorship of the Syracuse Daily Star, and
controlled that journal .until he accepted a position in Ihe
Department of the Interior, at Washington, where he re
mained for about eighleen months. On his return to
Syracuse he purchased the .Syracuse Daily Star, thus be-
.coraing- both owner and editor. It was an old-line Whig
paper, devoted to the interests of Ihe Whig party, as rep
resented by Webster, Filiraore, and other faraous public
raen. In the general disruption and reorganization of
political parties which took place about this tirae, Ihe Star
was sold to the Deraocrats, and ils name changed to the
Syracuse Republican, he continuing lo assist in Ihe editorial
deparlmenl until his removal to Illinois, in the spring of
1854. He settied at Lewistown, Fulton counly, vvhere he
began Ihe practice of law in parlnership with Hon. William
C. Goudy, now a leading member of ihe Chicago bar, an
associalion which was sustained until 1859, when his jiart
ner removed lo Chicago. He remained al Lewislown,
however, and associated vvith hira Mr. Boyer, under the
firm-narae of Judd & Boyer. Subsequently, Mr. Jaraes
was added lo the firm, and, for sorae tirae prior to his
reraoval to Chicago, the firra was Judd & Dykes. In 1873
he moved to Chicago and associated with him in praclice
W. F. Whitehouse, son of the late Bishop Whitehouse

vvith whom he has since been connected, the firm being
known as Judd & Whitehouse. Their practice is extensive
and lucrative, and /hey are widely recognized as practi
tioners of abilily and inlegrily. In i860 he was the candi
date for Presidential Elector for the Fulton Dislrict, on
the Douglas electoral ticket. The jiresent Govemor of
Louisiana, however, was the successful competitor. Dur
ing the attendant carapaign each candidale canvassed the
dislrict and different portions of the State, speaking every
day, and occasionaUy twice during the day, throughout the
period preceding Ihe eleclion. In 1864 he was nominated
for Lieutenant-Governor on the same ticket with Hon.
James C. Robison, and bolh canvassed Ihe greater portion
of the State. Also in the campaign of 1868 he took a
prominent ancl active part, speaking in different portions
of Ihe Slate. Of late years, however, the pressure of
professional duties has prevented hira frora taking an
active part in movements of a political nature. In 1870
he was elected Chancellor of the Episcopal Diocese of
Illinois, and re-elected in 1874. He conducted for the
convention of the Episcopal Church the case against Rev.
Dr. Cheney, which comraenced in 1869, and is considered
the most important case of ils kind ever tried in this
countiy. It is reported fully in the " 58th Illinois Reports,"
P- 509-

ALLACE, BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL
MARTIN R. M., Lawyer, was born in Urbana,
Champaign county, Ohio, September 2gih, 1S29.
His father, John Wallace, moved with a large
family to Illinois in 1834, and settled on a farm
in La SaUe counly ; reraoved in 1839 to Ogle
counly, where he settled on a farm near Mount Morris,
the site of Ihe Rock River Seminary; al the lime of his
dealh, Sejitember 29lh, 1850, and for many years ante
cedent, he was President of the Board of Trustees of that
inslilulion, and a leading raeraber of ihe Melhodist Chtirch.
Martin received the rudiraents of his education in La Salle
county, attending school in the winter, and during the sura
raer months working on the farm. He subsequentiy pur
sued a course of studies also in the Rock River Seminary,
applying himself to his books in the winler, and working
during the rest of the year. Selecting the lavv as his future
profession, he entered the office of Dickey & Wallace, at
Ottawa, Illinois, as a student. The firm was coraposed of
Plon. T. Lyle Dickey, afterward Colonel of the 4lh Illinois
Cavalry, well known in the legal, jiolitical, and miliiary
circles of Ihe Stale, and W. PL L. Wallace, his brother.
Colonel of Ihe 11th Illinois Infantry, and afterward
Brigadier-General, who fell at the bailie of .Shiloh, April
6lh, 1862. These gentlemen were eminent lawyers in the
higher courts of the State al that time, and vvere prcnii-
nently identified with all the great public movements of the
day. Under their care and tuition he raade rajiid progress

'-^/ F,.J, €->. VhJ.'^-'-p'^

\ Ay, i:^ cAQ^Hy

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

459

in his law studies, and was admitted to the bar, and in
Janu.ary, 1856, removed lo Chicago, where he engaged in
the praclice of his profession, in parlnership wilh Thoraas
Dent, which he continued until the outbreak of the rebel
lion. He then assisted in the recruiting and organization
of the 4th Illinois Cavalry, and in October, 1861, received
a commission as Major of that regiment. Pie commanded
one of Ihe battalions through Ihe battles of Fort Henry,
Fort Donelson, and Shiloh, assuming in December, 1862,
on the death of Ihe gaUant Colonel William McCullough,
conimand of the regiment. This position he retained
throughout the vvar; in January, 1S63, vvas jiroraoted to
the Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and in March of the same year
to Ihe Colonelcy. At the close of his military career he
received frora the Presideni, as a teslimonial of his gallantry
and valuable services in the field, a coraraission as Brevet
Brigadier-General. Although in no sense of the word an
active politician, he received, after the close of the war,
the position of United Slates Assessor, for the Chicago
District, whieh he held until March, 1869, discharging
its duties wilh raarked integrity and abUily. Rev. Dr. T.
M. Eddy, in his " Patriotisra of Illinois," speaking of hira,
says :" In August, 1861, General WaUace assisted in Ihe
organization of the 4lh Illinois Cavalry, and in October
was mustered into the service as Major of that regiment.
Major Wallace commanded his battalion of his regimenl
from its carap of rendezvous to Cairo, and thence through
the batties of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, ShUoh, and
Corinth, and in Deceraber, 1862, assuraed coraraand of the
regiment, and continued in coraraand until his regiraent
was raustered out in November, 1864. During his term
of service Colonel Wallace enjoyed the confidence and
.esteem of all wilh whom he was thrown in contact, serving
under and being frequently near Generals Grant, Sherraan,
and other famous leaders." He has, sinee l86g, been Judge
of Cook county.

:iTCH, TPIOMAS DAVIS, M. D., was born in
Troy, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, July 14th,
i82g. He is the son of Lewis Haines and Polly
Maria (Root) Fitch, both of Otsego county. New
York. His falher was a tanner, and carried on
an extensive business until 1844, when failing
health compelled him to relinquish his trade and seek a
more healthful occupation, which he found in farming.
The education of the subject of this .sketch was principally
acquired at the academy in his native town. When in his
seventeenth year, hovvever, his parents moved lo Lafayette,
Stark county, Illinois, where, for about a year, he vvas en
gaged in teaching common school. After this he resumed
the course of studies, which had been interrupted by his
change of residence, in the Knox College, situated .at
Galesburg, Illinois, where he steadily devoted his lirae and
energies lo the acquisition of Ihe knowledge vvhich has since

enabled hira to attain lo so enviable a position araong his
medical brelhren. On leaving Knox College, in 1848, he
entered the office of his uncle. Dr. Charies Badger, of
Mishawaka, Indiana, wilh whom he devoted himself to
the sludy of medicine fir a period of three years ; in the
meantime attending the regular course of lectures in the
Rush Medical College, of Chicago, session 1850-51; also
a private course given by Professors A. B. Palmer and N.
S. Davis. In the autumn of 1851 he was persuaded by
medical friends to coramence praclice, which he did, al
Wethersfield, Plenry county, Illinois. On April 6th, 1852,
he vvas raarried lo Harriel Winslow Skinner, a leacher of
Laporte, Indiana. She was a niece of the Rev. Drs.
Myron, Hubbard, and Gordon Winslow. The fiirraer
sailed in l8ig as a missionary lo Ceylon, India, and
became noted for his zeal and piety during a voluntary
exile of about forly-six years duration among a heathen
peojile. Tbe second succeeded Dr. Lyman Beecher, in
Boston, and the laller was an Episcopalian minister of Nevv
York city. In the fall of 1853 Dr. Fitch left a rapidly
growing practice, and attended his second regular course
of lectures in Rush Medical College, where he graduated
in February, 1854. In the auluran of the sarae year he
removed to the new tovvn of Kewanee, adjoining Wethers
field, where he continued to practise unremittingly until
ihe fall of 1861. On the breaking out of the war, how
ever, he abandoned an extended and remunerative praclice
and entered the United States service in the cajiacity of
Surgeon of the 42d Regimenl Illinois Infanliy, the duties
of which position he ably filled until May, 1S63, when,
on account of Ihe serious illness of his family, his resigna
tion vvas offered and accepted. May 1st, 1864, he removed
to Chicago, Illinois, and since that time has resided there,
actively'and constan^ engaged in the practice of his pro
fession, and by the honorable exercise of his natural
abilities and learaing has it sleadily increasing and well-
merited reputation. He was elected Counly Physician in
1865, in vvhich capacity he served wilh thoroughness and
zeal for Ihe terra of two years. At Ihe close of this service
he vvas elected Attending Surgeon of Ihe County Hospital,
in which capacity he served for Ihe terra of ihree years,
delivering clinical lectures on surgery to the large classes
of medical students in attendance. In 1870 he was by
his own request assigned to Ihe department of Obstetrics
.and Diseases of Women and Children, of vvhich depart
ment he still continues to have charge. During all this
time he has delivered clinical lectures to large classes
during each winler session of the raedical coUeges of the
city. For several years he served as Secretary of the
Medical Board of the Hospital, and one year as its Presi
dent. In 1870 he was a prirae raover in the organizalion
of the Woman's Hospital Medical College, of Chicago,
in conneetion vvith the Plospital for Women and Children,
in which he had served since ils organization as one of its
Consulting Surgeons. Since the period of the inaugura-

460

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

tion he has filled with raarked ability its chair of Diseases
of Woraen ; he has also, wilh the exception of one year,
served as Secretary of the Facully from Ihe date of its
formation down lo the preseni time : that exception owing
its existence to his own request. In 1855 he was instru
mental in organizing Ihe Henry Counly Medical Society,
out of which has grown the now large and influential
organization known as the Military Tract Medical Society.
He served for many years as Secretary of the former, and
one or two years as its President. In 1854 he attended
the Araerican Medical Associalion, al Detroit, Michigan,
as a delegate frora Ihe Stark County Medical Association,
and was constituted a raeniber of that honorable body,
which raerabership he still retains. In the sarae year he
becarae a raeraber of the Illinois Slate Medical Society,
in which he has served as chairraan and associate member
of several iraportant coraraittees, and for the past seven
years has filled the important office of Perraanent Secretary
and raeraber of the Committee of PubUcation. He is a
member and ex-President of the Chicago Medical Society.
He has been Attending and Consulting Physician of the
Washingtonian Horae for the past eight or nine years. He
is a Thirty-second degree Mason, and during the year 1874
filled the following iraportant official positions : Worshipful
Master of a Lodge, Prelate of a Coraraandery, Conductor
of a Council, Vice-President Masonic Aid and ReUef
Society, Trustee and Medical Director of the Norlhweslern
Masonic Aid Associalion. He is, in Odd Fellowship, a
-Past Grand and Past Chief Patriarch, also President of the
Medical Board of the Odd Fellows' Benevolent Society
of Illinois.

IjOODBRIDGE, JOHN, Lawyer, was born in
Hadley, Hampshire county, Massachusetts, on
March 3d, i82g. His father, John Woodbridge,
D. D., was a clergyraan of the Congregational
Church, and a, lineal descendant of the Wood-
bridge family, which came from England and
settled in Massachusetts during Ihe administration of
Governor Dudley in that Slate. The various raerabers of
this family were Puritans, and the ancesliy can be traced
back to the Wickliffiles and other different non -conform ist
English churchmen as far as Ihe fourteenth century. They
have since resided in Ihis country, and, for at least two
centuries prior to iheir emigration, were liberally repre
sented by clergymen noted for independence of thought,
abilities of a high order, and unvarying resistance to re
ligious oppression or constraint. John was fitted for college
at Hopkins' Acaderay, in his native town, and enlered Ihe
sophoraore class of Araherst College, where he graduated
wilh Ihe class of l84g. Among his classraates were Julius
Seely, afterward Professor of Metaphysics in Araherst, now
a meraber of Congress from Massachusetts ; W. G. liar-
mon. President of the Iowa Law School ; Dr. liilchcock.

son of President Hitchcock, now ailso a Professor in Am
herst. Immediately after leaving coUege, he enlered the
law office of Roger H. MiUer, then Secretary of the State
of Connecticut, with whom he remained as a student until
adraitted to the bar in April, 1850. Pie then practised his
profession for a brief period- in Connecticut, and in the
following Septeraber reraoved to Chicago, and becarae the
junior raeraber of the firra of Dorman & Woodbridge, a
partnership which was sustained until 1851. In July of
that year he associated himself in a new partnership wilh
Hon. E. C. Larned, and became a meraber of ihe firm of
Lamed & Woodbridge, which was in existence until 1853.
In 1854, on the death of Mr. Collins, of the firm of Collins
& Williams, he connected hiraself with the latler practi
tioner, under the firra style of Williams & Woodbridge.
In 1857 W. C. Grant was adraitted, and the firra of
Williams, Woodbridge & Grant existed until Judge Wil
liams was elected in 1863 to the bench of the Circuit
Court, after which dale it remained, until 1S66, under the
style of Woodbridge & Gtant. He subsequently practised
alone until 1875, 'when he associated with him G. F.
Blanke. He devotes himself entirely to his profession,
taking no part in polilics, except as a citizen desiring to
assist in the promotion of the general welfare, and has
never sought or held office. He has an extensive and
lucrative praelice in all the courts, and is widely recognized
as a lawyer of profound and scholarly attainments. In
politics he is attached lo the princijiles and measures of the
Republican parly. He is a raeraber of Ihe Presbyterian
Church. He vvas married June loth, 1851, to Elizabeth
Butler, of Chicago, daughter of Waller Butler, ancl niece
of B. F. Butler, and has five children ; the eldest son, a
graduate of Amherst College, is now a student in his
falher's office.

LODGETT, PIENRY WILLIAM, Lawyer, Judge,
and Railroad Manager, was born July 2isl, 1821,
at Amherst, Massachusetts ; being the son of
Israel Porter and Avis (Dodge) Blodgett, who
came to Illinois in 1831. Bolh were methodical,
energetic, and sincere, and devoted much of
Iheir time to the education of their children. , His father
was a blacksmith, and his mother a woman of fine culture.
When seventeen years of age, plenry W. entered Araherst
Acaderay, and upon corajileling the course in this institu
tion returned to Illinois, where he engaged as a teacher,
an emjiloyment -which he occasionally varied by land sur
veying, at which he was expert. In the fall of 1842,
shortly after he had attained his majority, he entered the law
office of Scammon & Judd, and there pursued the study
of law until his adraission to the bar, in the spring of 1845.
He located at Waukegan, Ihen known as Liltleford, and
coraraenced the practice of his profession. By energy and
fideUty to the varied raatters confided to his care, he soon

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

461

secured a patronage, which raised his reputation as an ad
vocate, and gave him a comfortable living. In 1852 hewas
elecled a member of Ihe IlUnois House of Representatives,
and in 1858 to the Senate, and served his consliluency with
ability. About the year 1855 he became intimately asso
ciated with the management of the legal affairs of the Chi
cago & Northwestern Railway Corapany, and was one of
the originators of the Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad Com
pany. To his persistent energy and great influence, per
haps more Ihan that of any olher person, is due the develop
ment of this latter enterprise. He jirocured ils charter in
1851. The work of construction vvas begun in the follow
ing year, and by January isl, 1874, the road vvas completed
to Waukegan. His success in enlisting the interest of
capitalists in this line was recognized by the corapany, and
he was elecled successively lo Ihe offices of Attorney, Di
rector and President, and filled all these responsible posts
wilh judgraent, rare tact and abilily. Al one tirae he acted
also as Solicitor-General for the Michigan Southern, Fort
Wayne, Rock Island, and Northwest railroads ; but was
corapelled to relinquish this iraportant station by the great
pressure of business which was constantiy increasing. His
long connection with the Northwestern railroads, and his
knowledge of every detail of executive as well as raechanical
raanagement, has rendered him the leading railway attorney
for th.at section. In 1870 President Grant appoinled him
Judge of the United Slates District Court, and in this high
office he has displayed a profound knowledge of the law.
He is a Republican in his poUtical affiliations, having voted
the anti-slavery ticket at the Presidential election of 1844.
He is a close student, with a reraarkably retentive raemory,
and a mind of unusual power of concentration. These
mental traits are conspicuous in his arguraents as a lawyer
and decisions as a judge. In his religious vievvs he is ortho
dox, though liberal. He was married, on April 12th, 1850,
to Alathea Crocker, of Harailton, Madison county. New
York.

5/r^OLDEN, HON. CHARLES N., was born at
jl nk Fori Covington, in northern New York, May
^rlhr 13th, 1816. Plis parents, WiUiara C. Holden, a
farmer, and Sarah (Braynard) Holden, emigrated,
soon after the war of 1812, frora New Harapshire
to Fort Covington. The necessities of that early
day prevented hira from devoting more than a few months
in each year to study at the district school or village acad
eray, but he progressed rapidly in his education, and at the
age of twenty engaged in teaching school. He was then
eraployed for a year as clerk in a store, where he acquired
a taste for business and a knowledge of its details. Later,
he left home with forty dollars in his pocket, and July 5th,
1837, arrived in Chicago. Upon finding his uncle, a farraer
in Will county, Illinois, he located a claira, hired a break
ing team of oxen, and coraraenced Ufe on the prairie.. He

afterward returned to Chicago, where he found employraent
as clerk in the lumber office of John H. Kinzie. His leisure
hours were consumed in study and reading, which -raade
hira a shrewd observer and a raan of wide and varied in
forraation. In the spring of 1838, with Ihree hundred dol
lars which he had saved, he coramenced business in a log-
store, near Lake street bridge. In 1852, after various suc
cessful changes and inveslments, he sold his interest in the
raercantile business. In 1856 he organized the Firemen's
Insurance Company, with a subscribed capital of $200,000,
and $10,000 paid in. The profits of the office before he left
it paid the remaining $190,000, and gave the stockholders
$50,ooo-cash dividends, while Ihe stock sold as high as $1.45
and $1.50. This unparalleled success was recognized upon
his resignation by the presentation lo hira, on the part of the
directors, of a superb silver tea service. He was imraediately
elecled. President of the United Stales Brass & Clock Cora
pany, and superintended the erection of iheir extensive
works on the site selected by him at Austin, near Chicago.
In 1855 began his political life, when he was chosen Alder
raan of the Fifth Ward. The Council having voted them
selves each a gold-headed cane, he opposed Ihe measure as
iUegal, and Mayor Boone vetoed the appropriation ; ulti
raately, however, the majority ruling, the canes vvere secured.
The following year at their review the firemen presented
hira, probably as a covert rebuke to his opponents, wilh a
cosily zebra-wood cane, also gold-headed. For more Ihan
twenty years he has acted as Treasurer of the Firemen's
Benevolent Society, and was a prime mover in the erection
of the raagnificent raonuraent at Rosehill Cemetery, whieh
comraemorates the heroic services of these protectors of life
and properly. In 1857 he was elected on the Republican
ticket lo the City Treasuryship, but at a subsequent period
was defeated in the canvass for Mayor, his steadfast tem
perance principles operating on this occasion against his
political interests. Pie was a warra supporter of Abrahara
Lincoln and labored efficientiy to secure his nomination.
He officiated as a member of the Coraraittee of General
Arrangeraents which planned and built the " Wigwara "
upon the lot selected, the plan sketched by hira meeting
vvith approval. New York politicians had corabined to
norainate Williara PI. Seward, and were able to coraraand
iraraense suras of raoney to effect their object. He found
several of the principal actors — araong thera Greeley, Weed,
Clapp and Webb — going to and fro from the anteroom to the
platform to arrange and consult, and saw that they might
place insurmountable irapediraents in Ihe way ofhis leader.
They were decoraled only with club badges, which did not
entitle thera to a seat on the platforra, and when they as
sembled in Ihe anteroom he ordered the doorkeeper to shut
thera in, and to allow no one to go on the platform unless
furnished with a delegate's badge. They were thus im
prisoned until Lincoln's nomination was announced, when
they were finaUy permitted lo go on the platform. During
the rebellion he became prominent as an unyielding Union

452

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPyEDIA.

man, sent two raen to assist in sustaining the cause, gave
generous aid lo the soldiers of Illinois, and served ably as
chairraan of various loyal conventions. In 1867 the office
of Commissioner of Taxes for Chicago vvas created by the
Legislature, and he was elected to fill the position for four
-years. He has given his lirae and means lo education with
generous enthusiasm, and acted as President of the Board
of Education, one of the new school buildings after his re
tireraent being named in honor of him. He has also raani
fested a great interest in the higher grade of culture provided
for in the University and Baptist Theological Serainary,
founded in Chicago. Al an early day he became a zealous
member of the Baptist Church, was a prorainent raember
of the First Baptist Church ; and, wilh others, eonstiluted
the Tabernacle, now the Second Baptist Church, where he
has been foreraost in liberality and labors as trustee, chor
ister, treasurer and superintendent of the Sunday-school.
He was raarried, in about 1841, to Frances Woodbury,
daughter of Major Jesse Woodbury, who was Ihe cousin and
associate of Uniled States Senator Levi Woodbury, Jack
son's and Van Buren's Secretary of the Treasury, and uncle
of Mrs. Montgomery Blair.

;,INDELE, JOHN G., Architect and Engineer, was
born in the city of Ravensburg, in Ihe kingdom
of Wurleraberg, Gerraany. His falher, a paper
raanufacturer, was drafted to serve in the war of
liberation against the French ; enlered France
wilh the allies, and died there in 1815 of wounds
received in action. His mother, Johanna (Haag) Gindele,
was again raarried to J. A. Muller, a coraraission and for
warding agent; he had also been a soldier, having served
under Napoleon in Spain, Italy, Germany and Russia, from
1801 lo the end of 1813, and participated in Ihe memorable
retreat from Moscow. Al the age of six John G. Gindele
entered Ihe public school, vvhere he vvas alvvays at tbe head
of his class; at eight he was removed lo the Latin School,
and at the age of ten was admitted to the higher classes,
where, ihough the youngest in the department, he soon look
the lead. His unusual progress in study caused his parents
to entertain the project of fitting hira for the church ; a de
sign which was frustrated, however, by Ihe force of his
natural leanings. He had early exhibited a fondness for
drawing and the stoneeuller's trade, and often sjienl his
leisure hours in designing omaraents, which he afterward
worked out inlo slone in a neighboring yard. He also spent
a great deal of time in constructing water-wheels, and build
ing daras and rainialure canals on a liltie tributary to the
raain creek on which his native city is situated. When his
falher was fully aware of the bent of his faculties, the idea
of studying theology was abandoned. lie was placed in a
stonecutting establishraent at Lindan, on Ihe Lake of Con
stance, where he learned his trade under a skUful master,

and studied diUgently to acquire both a theoretical and
practical knowledge of the builderis art. He had served
three years of his apprenticeship when his stepfather died,
leaving a large faniily in straitened circumstances; his
master then gave hira his certificate as journeyman, and he
relurned to his home in order to provide for the support
of Ihe family. He subsequentiy devoted his nights, often
working till two or three o'clock in the morning, to per
fecting hiraself in drawing, and in making plans and
models, raany of which carae before Ihe nolice of the city
authorities, who offered hira a stipendiura for each seraeslre
ofthe Engineers' and Architects' School at Munich, that he
raight attend for the purpose of adding to his knowledge
and powers. This offer he accepted, and while in Munich
worked during the suramer on some of the raost iraportant
buUdings, and saved sufficient money to meet the expenses
of Ihe winter sessions. He there attracted the attention of
Ihe Bavarian -governmeni, and, whUe in his twenty-second
year, was sent by Ihera lo Kissengen lo take charge of public
works, in the erection of a large hall wilh colonnades and a
fine slone arched bridge. He ihen for sorae tirae superin
tended Ihe work on the canal connecting the river Main
vvith the Danube. In December, 1838, he took the position
of City Engineer of Sehweinefurlh, a manufacturing place
on the river Main, in northern Bavaria, his appointment
being for life. He reraained there during the ensuing twelve
years. This city owned an iraraense water-power, and mills
and factories, with sixteen waler-wheels ; but the whole
system of canals, mills and wheels having been erected in
1558, was of rude and primitive construction. He added
about five hundred horse-power to the working force of the
water, making all the plans, superintending ihe whole work
of remodelling the canals, dams, etc., and supplying new
machinery ; he built there also a large hospital, several
bridges and many privale buildings. During the Revolu
tion of 1848-49 he was a firm supporter of the Deraocratic
parly, favoring the unity of the German people in one great
German erapire. When the Parliaraent at Frankfort was
dissolved, and the " Rurap Parliaraent," assembled in Stull
gardt, appealed to the people for aid, he was importantly
instrumental in sending forward from Sehweinefurlh five
hundred well-armed men. The revolution ending in failure,
he was forced to emigrate, wilh his family of five children,
lo the Uniled Slales. He Ihen seltied in Wisconsin, whence,
after losing all his means, he removed to Chicago, Illinois,
in July, 1852, leaving his faraily in Milwaukee. He after-'
ward found eraployment as a stonecutter at the marble and
stone-yard of A. S. Sherman, where he was paid for his ser-'
vices one dollar and fifty cents jier day. His first job was
Ihe carving on Ihe fir.st marble front erected in this eily; he
soon after eut all the carved work for the four triple win
dows of the South-side reservoir, on Adams street. As he
became familiar wilh Ihe English language he was eraployed
as draughlsraan, and becarae Superintendent ofthe Illinois
Stone-Dressing Company, having charge of the cut stone'

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

463

work for the more important buUdings erected in the city up
to i85g. He finally opened a stone-yard on his own ac
count, and contracted for several buildings, the most im
jiorlant of which was the south wing and tower of Ihe
Chicago University. In 1861, the Board of Public Works
being created by act of Legislature, he was elected as Com
missioner frora the South Division for the terra of six years,
during which time he officiated for four years as its President,
At the expiration of his terra he was re-elected, retaining the
Presidential chair, and conducted the proceedings of the
Board until the date of his resignation in December, 1867.
As a meraber of the Board of Public Works, he was also one
of Ihe Comraissioners of the IlUnois & Michigan Canal.
While he was in office the lake tunnel vvas begun and
finished, and he designed the plan for Ihe tunnel under the
river at Washington street, which was adopted with slight
alterations. Before it was decided to cleanse the Chicago
river by deepening the Illinois & Michigan Canal, his plan
for a canal to Calumet, vvith pumping works, having Ihe sarae
object in view, was adopted by the Citizens' Comraillee as
the only possible remedy for the evils complained of by Ihe
inhabitants. In 1866 Ihe city government of Sehweinefurlh
requested him to send a plan for an important change on
the river Main, having for its object the improvement of
navigation and the extension of manufacluring facilities.
He did as requested, the plan was adopted, and the city
authorities were so well pleased with it that they sent hira,
as a token of their esteera, a magnificent album, with an
exceedingly complimentary letter. He vvas married in 1837
to Louise Hirschheira, of Kissengen. His faraily of one
daughter and four sons were bora in Germany ; three of
the four served wilh honor in the Union array during the
lale civil war.

^ALDWIN, MELVIN B., Physician and Postmaster
of Elgin, was born in Hinesburg, Chittenden
counly, Vermont, June 28th, 1828, and is a son
of Edmond Baldwin and Marinda Alden. When
he was two years of age his parents reraoved to
St. Lawrence county. New York. His early edu
cation was obtained in the coraraon schools of the neighbor
hood, and consisted of the comraon English branches. Al
the age of eighteen years he coraraenced the study of raedi
cine with Dr. Socrates Sherman, at Ogdensburg, New York,
and reraained wilh hira three years. In 1850 he raoved to
Illinois, located at Woodstock, McHenry county, and cora
menced Ihe practice ofhis profession. Three years laler he
opened a drug store in connection wilh his praclice, and
conlinued so occupied for ten years, during which lirae, be
sides conducting a successful business, he became interested
in public affairs and held several positions of trust, among
them, for several years, that of President of the Board of
Trustees. His health having failed to sorae extent through
his close attention to business and daily exposure while at

tending to his professional duties, he disposed of his inleresis
in Woodstock in i860 and removed lo Elgin, where he
purchased an interest in the Elgin Gazette, and gave il his
time and attention for nearly a )ear. Then the war of Ihe
rebellion breaking oui he immediately turned his attention
toward military affairs. He organized a comjiany of volun
teers, vvas made Captain, and his company was mustered
into service as Company A, 36th Regiraent of Illinois In
fantry, lie served his country faithfully in the cause of
freedom until 1862, when ill-health compelled him to re
sign, and he returned home. Subsequently he was attached
to the Quartermaster's Deparlment at Memphis, Tennessee,
in the capacity of Chief Clerk, pie returned home in 1864
and soon after opened a drug store, and carried on a suc
cessful business tintU 1873. During the years i86g-70 he
was Mayor of Elgin, and in 1873 was ajijiointed Poslraasler,
which position he now fills. A man of indomitable energy
and jiersistency of purpose, and, after mature deliberation,
promjit and decided in action, he has never devoted his lime
and attention to any business, inveslmenl or speculation
which has not eventuated successfully. In 1853 he was
married to Waitie Z. Joslyn, of Woodstock, McHenry
counly, and has one son.

REDOES, SAMUEL PARKER, M. D., was born
in Sinclearville, Chautauqua county. New York,
July 23d, 1841. His ancestors carae frora Eng
land in the seventeenth century. His early edu
cation was in Ihe public schools. His iraraediate
preparation for college was made in the James
town Academy in his native counly. On attaining his
Iwenty-first year he enlered Ihe office of his uncle. Dr. W.
S. Hedges, of Jaraeslown, New York. He had just cora
raenced his raedical studies when the war of Ihe rebelliort
broke out, and, like so raany of our prorainent men of all
professions, he tendered his services to his counlry for its
suppression. Enlisting as a privale, July 24th, 1862, in the
1 12lh Regiraent New York Volunteers, he was .soon selected
as Sergeant. In Deceraber following he was raade Orderly
Sergeant, and in the sarae raonth, after Ihe battie of the
Deserted House, in which he comraanded his company
during the whole battle, he was promoted lo a Second
Lieutenancy. He was placed on the staff of Brigadier-
General R. S. Foster as Aide-de-Camp and Acting Assistant
Inspecting-General in Florida during the .spring of 1864.
His services were acknowledged by his advancement to be
First Lieutenant and Adjutant in May of that year. In that
capacity, while striving to bring his regiment into position
during a heavy fight on the soulh side of ihe James river,
Virginia, he vvas ordered by his Colonel to report to the
General commanding the advance, in order to get the regi
raent into position to check Ihe eneray. He was captured
in the attempt, and his Colonel was killed. Confined in
the various Southern prisons, and enduring the fearful suf-

464

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

ferings known only to Ihose who have been called to bear
them, his health becarae so shattered that he was unable to
rejoin his regiraent until May, 1865. He vvas then appointed
Captain of Company F, and was soon assigned to duty on
the staff of his brigade under Colonel E. M. Ludwick,
Acting Brigadier-General, as his Acting Assistant Adjutant-
General. He was discharged at the close of Ihe war in
1865, having acquired distinction for corapetency and
bravery. He now resuraed his raedical studies, and at
tended the Cleveland Horaoeopathic CoUege in 1865-66,
and then enlered the office of Professor N. F. Cooke, M. D.,
• of Chicago, and took his degree in medicine and surgery at
the Hahnemann Medical College in Chicago in the spring
of 1867. He was married to Rachel Danforth, daughter of
E. H. Danforth, M. D., of Jamestown, New York, and com
menced the praclice of medicine in Chicago. Besides his
arduous duties as a physician, he has performed those of
Corresponding Secretary of the Illinois State Homoeopathie
Medical Society during three years ; and filled the office of
Secretary of the Cook County Medical Society for two years.
He became a meraber of the American Instilute of Homoe
opathy in 1868; and is an Assistant Editor of The Medical
Investigator, of Chicago. In the spring of i86g he was
elected to the chair of General and Descriptive Anatomy
in his Alma Mater, which position he filled for five years,
when he resigned. For the past six years he has held the
office of Physician and Surgeon of the Chicago Orphan
Asylura, and still occupies the position. He was one of
the sufferers by the great fire of Chicago in October, 1871.
He was burned out of house and office, and lost all Ihe ac-
curaulations of five years' labor. His indoraitable energy
has recovered a practice as large as his health will perrait
him lo accept. He is an elder in the FuUerton Avenue Pres
byterian Church, and one of the Board of Trustees of the
Northwestern Theological Serainary of the Presbyterian
Church.

UMSTEAD, SAMUEL J., M. D., was born in
PhUadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 13th, 1841.
He is the son of Samuel A. and Maria (Garber)
Bumslead. His father vvas a Reforraed minister,
located for many years at Manayunk, and at the
present time preaching in Fulton county, Illinois.
Samuel moved West with his parents in 1850, attended
school, and in i85g commenced the study of horaceopalhy
with Dr. Cheever, and after attending a regular course at
the Horaceopalhic MerUcal College of Philadelphia, grad
uated in the spring of 1862. In August of the sarae year he
enlered the army as a private in the io8lh Illinois Volun
leers, and in March, 1863, was appointed Assistant Surgeon
of Ihe 131st Regiment IlUnois Volunteers, serving as such
until Ihe close of the war. He then located at Pekin, Illi
nois, where he has since practised, except during an absence
of one year spent in Vienna acquiring additional knowdedn-e

of his profession. He has a general practice, but makes a
specialty of eye, ear, brain and nervous diseases. He is a
member of the American Institution of Horaoeopathy ; well
read in Ihe literature of his profession, and scientific in his
raethod. He was raarried, Deceraber 25th, 1865, to Sarah
E. Sewell, of Illinois.
sriv^-^-OOKE, NICHOLAS FRANCIS, M.D., Physi
cian, Professor, was born in Providence, Rhode
-Island, on August 25th, i82g. He is de
scended frora an old and distinguished Rhode
Island famUy. He is a great-grandson of Hon.
Nicholas Cooke, the first Continental Governor
of the Slate of . Rhode Island. He was long under
the privale tuition of the venerable Thomas Shephard,
D. D., of Bristol, Rhode Island, and was prepared for col
lege by Messrs. Merrick Lyon and Henry S. Frieze — the
latter the Professor of the Latin Language and Literature in
the University of Michigan, and the author of several valu
able classical works. He studied medicine with Usher
Parsons, M. D., of Providence, Rhode Island. He entered
Brown University as a Freshman in 1846, and was contem
poraneously a student in that institution, though not a class-
male, with Dr. J. B. Angell, the present incurabent of the
presidential chair of Ihe University of Michigan. He .spent
Ihe tirae from l84g to 1852 in visiting various foreign coun
tries, acted as the ship's surgeon on board of different ves
sels during his voyages, and finally raade a coraplete circuit
of the globe. In 1 852 he entered the raedical department
of the University of Pennsylvania; he also attended the
lectures of the Jefferson Medical College, and finally grad
uated, in the spring of 1854, at the Horaoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania. His conversion to homoeopathy
was the result of an investigation upon which he entered
with a view of taking intelligent ground against it. He
entered upon the practice of his profession in his native city
in company with A. H. Okie, M. D., the first homoeopathic
graduate in Araerica. He removed to Chicago in 1855,
where he has since been identified with every great raove
ment in the progress of horaoeopathy in that city, and pos
sesses a practice that is both extensive and laborious. He
was married on Oclober 15th, 1856, to- Laura Wheaton
Abbot, of Warren, Rhode Island, a daughter of the late
Commodore Joel Abbot, of the United States navy, by
whora he has four children. At Ihe organization of the
Hahneraann Medical College of Chicago, in l85g, he was
chosen Professor of Cheraistry, and subsequently of Theory
and Practice, whieh chair he filled with great ability and
distinction until his resignation, in 1870. Previous to the
great fire of October gth, 1871, his residence was in the
northern division of the city, whence, in common with so
many thousands, he was driven from house and home by the
terrible rapacity of Ihe conflagration. In less than one
week lie was comfortably re-established and doing as large

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDI.V.

465

a business as before. He twice received the compliiiient of
an election to Ihe chair of Theory and Practice, in different
raedical institutions, accompanied by flattering proposals to
remove his residence, but he has felt constrained to reject
them. With the opening of the Pulte Homoeopathic College
of Cincinnati, Ohio, in Ihe fall of 1872, he appeared as ils
Professor of Special Pathology and Diagnosis, whieh chair
he slill holds, though he retains his exiensive praelice in
Chicago. At a convention of horaceopalhic physicians, held
at Ann Arbor, Michigan, on May 7th, 1873, for Ihe pur-
jiose of naraing three candidates for each of the chairs of
Theory and Practice and Materia Medica, in the medical
department of the Universily of Michigan, which, by the
action of the Legislature of 1S72-73, were awarded to Ihe
homceopathic profession, he was the first of the three nomi
nated for the chair of Theory and Praclice. Pie is a promi
nent writer, and has contributed extensively bolh lo general
and medical literature. lie is the author of a work called
"Satan in Society, by a Physician," published in 1871,
which created a marked sensation. As a lecturer he is both
accomplished and attractive.

;AYES, HON. SAMUEL SNOWDEN, Lawyer,
vvas bora in Nashville, Tennessee, December
25lh, 1820. His father. Dr. R. P. Hayes, u. na
tive of South Hadley, Massachusetts, vvas a son
of Rev. Joel Hayes, vvho was for more than fifty
years pastor of the Congregational Church at that
He studied his profession under Dr. Warren, of
Boston, and settled in Rorae, New York. During the last
war with Great Britain he was Surgeon of a New York reg
iment. Samuel's mother, Mary C. (Snowden) Hayes, mar
ried in 1816, vvas a daughter of Rev. Samuel F. Snowden,
a prominent Presbyterian rainister of Sackett's Harbor,
New York, a native of New Jersey, whose father was one
of the founders of Princeton CoUege, having donated to
that inslilution the land now occupied by il. Both the
Playes and Snowden families came lo this country al an
early day from England; the forraer being originally frora
Scotland, and the latler frora Wales. His paternal grand
mother was a lineal descendant of Thoraas Bliss, vvho carae
frora England early in the seventeenth century ; also of
Brewer, one of the original Pilgrira Fathers. His grand
raolher on Ihe matern.al side was aunt of Commodore
Breese, and of Sidney Breese, formeriy United States Sen
ator from Illinois, also Chief-Justice of the Suprerae Court
of Illinois ; Sarauel F. B. Morse, the inventor of Ihe electric
telegraph, was also her nephew. The Breeses carae origin
ally from France, and seltied in Oneida counly. New York.
After leaving the service of his countiy. Dr. R. P. Playes
seltied in Nashville, and in 1831 removed to Cincinnati,
where he died in 1837, having been poisoned by arsenic
administered to the whole faraily, from, motives of cupidity,
59

place.

by a colored servant girl. S. S. Hayes obtained an ele.
mentary education under Moses Stejihens, at NashviUe,
afterward applying himself lo classics and raatheraatics at
Cincinnati, under Alexander Keinnont. At the dealh of
his father he entered a drug slore in Louisville, Kentucky,
where he was employed as a store boy, and laler as preseriji-
tion clerk. In August, 1838, he bought a stock of drugs,
and reraoving to the West, settled at Shawneetown, lUinois,
where he was engaged in business for over two years.
Deciding to enter the legal profession, he then disposed of
his interest in that business and entered the ofiice of Plenry
Eddy, having Plon. S. S. Marshall, recently meraber of
Congress from Illinois, as a rooni-niate and fellow-student.
In 1842 he was admitted to the bar and settied in Mount
Vernon, Illinois, whence, after a brief residence, he re
moved to Carmi, White counly, where he reraained in the
Jiraclice of his profession until the winler of 1850-51, when
he raoved lo Chicago. While a citizen of Carrai he became
enlisled in jiolitics, having formed his political opinions
after studying the writings of J. B. Say, and the words and
actions of Jefferson and Jackson. In 1843 he took the
stttrap in support of the Deraocratic ticket; and in the
Presidential carapaign of 1844, which resulted in the elec
tion of Polk and Dallas, canvassed successfully the soulhern
Congressional district for the Deraocracy. In 1845 he was
a delegate to the Meraphis Convention, called for the jiur
jiose of promoting Western and Soulhern coraraercial
interests and internal improvements. Early in the session
he introduced a resolution to the effect Ihat in its proceed
ing the convention should approve no raeasures except
those in the supporl of which both political parties were
agreed, which was unaniraously adopted. In his speech he
analyzed and conderaned certain expressions used in his
opening speech by John C. Calhoun, the faraous Senator of
Soulh Carolina, who was President of the convention and
then in the chair. When he had concluded, various mem
bers, with rauch warmth, controverted his position anrl
defended the expressions referred to. J. C. Calhoun, hovv
ever, shortiy after staled in substance Ihat the position had
been well taken and the expressions eommenled upon care
lessly used, and that it vvas not his design to favor the
conclusions which Ihey would seera to justify, and which
had been drawn from Ihem by members of the convention;
He and J. C. Calhoun subsequently took a passage for New
Orleans by the same stearaer, and during a trip of a week
remained in constant friendly iniercoraraunication. In the
sumraer of 1846 he vvas norainated for Ihe State Legislature,
and although Ihe Whigs had previously controlled the
county, was elected by a handsorae majority. In Ihe Gen
eral Asserably he was Chairraan of Ihe Committee on
Education, which under his raanagement inaugurated sev
eral iraportant raeasures ; while, in addition to the ordinary
business referred to Ihe coraraittee, the Stale institutions for
the blind and for the deaf and durab were established, and
important changes raade in Ihe school .laws. In the legis-

466

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

lation providing for the funding of the State debt, and in
the suppression of the Massac riots, he was an influential
mover, originating and procuring the passage of Ihe act
defining and punishing a nevv class of offenders arising out
ofthe usurpation of judicial power by mobs. In the spring
of 1847 he was the first to volunteer for Ihe Mexican war,
and raised a company for active service. Owing to the
distance frora the seat of govemment the muster rolls were
not received until the quota of the Slate had been fiUed.
In the same season an election was held for delegates to a
Convention for the Revision of Ihe Constitution, ami both
parlies united in choosing him to act in that body. When
the Convention raet he was appointed Chairman of the
Coraraittee on Law Reforra, and reported a proposition to
siraplify and systeraatize the laws of the Stale, statutoiy and
coraraon, by the fraraing of a code ; he also took a leading
part in the debates of the Convention, and introduced sev
eral of the clauses which were incoi-porated into the Consti
tulion then fraraed and still existing unchanged. In the
fall of 1848 he was engaged constantly in canvassing for
Cass and Butler in soulhern Illinois ; was a successful can
didate for Presidential Elector, also for re-eleclion to the
State Legislalure. As a token of appreciation of the distin
guished political services rendered by him, he received
from Govemor French the honoraiy appointment of Aide-
de-Camp, with the rank of Colonel of cavalry. He was
then again made Chairraan of the Coraraittee on Education.
The General Assenibly of 1848 and l84g was long remem
bered for having granted a large nuraber of special charters
in open defiance of the Constitution first adopted. The
Journal of the House show-s that he sleadily voted against
the majority, exerting hiraself to Ibe utraost to combat all
wrongful measures. Retiring from political affairs, having
in the raeanwhile removed to Chicago, he devoted hiraself
exclusively to the practice of law, and was employed by the
city authorities of Chicago as Councillor and City Solicitor.
From that tirae until Senator Douglas reopened the agita
tion of the slavery question by proposing the repeal of the
Missouri Coraproraise, he vvas undisturbed in his seclusion.
He had been a warra friend of Douglas, had aided in his
election lo the Senate, and in his famous controversy at
.Chicago over the compromise raeasures of 1850 had sus
tained hira against great opposition ; but the repeal of the
Missouri Coraproraise was in his opinion a raost dangerous
raeasure, and he felt it to be his duty to oppose it wilh all
the energy in his power. Accordingly, during the pen
dency of the bill, February 5th, 1854, he delivered his
sentiraents ably and fearlessly al a raass meeting of citizens
held al the South Market Hall. In Oclober, 1855, Mr.
Douglas retumed to Chicago and addressed a jiublic meet
ing in defence of his course, attacking with severity various
prominent anti-Nebraska Democrats. Two days laler he
was repUed to at South Market Hall before a vast audience,
and his course criticised and denounced in an eloquent and
logical oration. Had hi; been swayed by selfish motives a

brilliant career was offered him in the Republican party,
which sprang up imraediately afterward, and owed ils rise
to the measure. But he did not favor the abandonment of
the distinctive principle of the Democratic party, which he
regarded as essential lo the welfare of the country, and
deprecated Ihe formation of sectional parties, which he pre
dicted would result in civil war. In 1856, accordingly, he
supported Buchanan, vvho being out of the country at the
time had not been connected with the Missouri Compromise
repeal. In i860 he attended the Deraocratic Conventions
at Charleston and Baltimore to promote Douglas's nomina
tion. After Yancey and olher conspirators had succeeded in
drawing off raost of the Southera delegates and a few
Northern sympathizers from the Convention, and making a
separate nomination, the chances of the election of Mr.
Douglas, the nominee of the majority of the Convention,
became alraost hopeless ; but notwilhstanding the discourag
ing aspect of affairs, he went into the canvass for hira wilh
fearless zeal. While Ihe counlry was on Ihe verge of a
civil war his counsels were in favor of great concessions to
preserve peace; but, those efforts faiUng, to resist arraed
treason with arras, and defend the Constitution with Ihe
last man and the last dollar. Before the general elections
in 1862 martial lavv had been declared in the Northern
States and the Emancipation Proclaraation issued. These
measures he believed to be unconstitutional, and conse
quently favored an active political opjiosilion to the perty
in power. In the Democratic Congressional Convention,
held in Chicago, October 14th, 1862, he offered the resolu
tions there adopted, in which the conduct of the adminis
tration was severely criticised and condemned. Frora tirae
to tirae he has been honored by notable evidence of Ihe
confidence of bolh political parties and of the general cora-
munity ; such instances being too numerous to be detailed
at length. He has been several limes elected lo a seat in
the National Conventions; has officiated as President of a
State Convention of his party ; has been twice appointed a
meraber of the. Board of Education of Chicago, where his
labors have been greatly inslruraenlal in developing Ihe
present adrairable school systera ; has acted as one of the
Trustees of the State Industrial Universily, to which posi
tion he was appointed by Governor Oglesby. He has also
held for three years the office of City Comptroller of Chi
cago, and that of a member of the Commission created by
Congress to inquire into the sources of national revenue
and revise and recommend improvements. He entered on
the office of City Comptroller, by appointment of the Mayor
and Comraon Council, in June, 1862, retiring from office in
May, 1865. He was shortly after appointed one of the
three members of the United Slates Revenue Commission,
in w-hose labors he took full part, distinguishing himself
particularly by his report upon " Ihe property in Ihe fundi
and the income derived therefrom as a source of national
revenue, the financial system of the Uniled Slales, ihe
creation of a sinking fund, and taxation in general." The

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

467

originality and comprehensiveness of Ihis report, its power
ful argument, its bold and striking enunciation of principles,
and the raasterly manner in which a scheme is projected
and sustained for the payment of the national debt, and the
reduction of all forms of taxation to a simple and just plan,
have attracted great and favorable attention bolh in this
counlry and in Europe. He is a large landowner in and
around Chicigo, has expended several hundred thousand
doUars in valuable buildings, and every year contributes
largely by his means and abilities lo the development and
welfare of the city. He was married to Lizzie J. Taylor,
eldest daughter of Colonel E. D. Taylor, Ihen of Michigan
City, now of Chicago, one of the earliest settlers and most
prominent men of the Northwest.

^YDE, JAMES NEVINS, A. M., M. D., was born
in Norwich, Conneclicul, June 21st, 1840, being
the son of Edward Goodrich and Hannah Hun
tington (Thomas) Hyde. His preparation for a
collegiate course of sludy was conducted at Phil
lips Academy, at Andover, Massachusetts, and in
1857 he entered Yale CoUege, from which in 1861 he
graduated. He attended a course of medical lectures al
Nevv York City College of Physicians .and Surgeons in the
wdnler of 1861-62, and in the following winler attended a
course at the University of Pennsylvania, frora which, after
thorough study in all the departments of the science, he
took his diploma of M. D. in the spring of 1863. He at
once entered llie navy of the Uniled States as an Assistant
Surgeon, and in 1807 was made Passed Assistant, serving
at the Naval Hospital in Washington, District of Columbia.
He subsequently served two years on the Mediterranean
squadron, and upon Ihe expiration of Ihis period, having
spent five years in naval medical duties, during which he
won the esteera of line and staff, not only by his skill but
by his deportment, he resigned, and in 1868 raoved to
Chicago, vvhere he has since practised. In 1873 i"^ '"^
appointed Lecturer, in Ihe spring course of Rush Medical
College, on Derniilology. In 1865 Yale College conferred
on him the degree of A. M. He was married in 1872 to
Alice Louisa Griswold. He has a large practice, and has
earned the repulalion of a careful and thoroughly practical
physician. \ ITCHELL, WICKLIFFE, Lawyer, was bora on
May 21st, I78g, in the Slate of New Jersey. He
was descended from Robert Kilchell, one of two
brotiiers who came from England in the seven
teenth century and settled in Connecticut. Robert
afterwards reraoved to Newark, New Jersey, and
in that region his descendants continued lo reside. Eariy
in the preseni century, however, Asa Kitchell, the falher of

Wickliffe, removed wilh his faraily lo what was then the
far West, and Wickliffe reached his majority in the vicinity
of what is now Cincinnati, Ohio. .School privileges were
but limited in those early days, and tiie hard work of his
youth vvas but little interfered wilh by his attendance at
institutions of learning. Pie attended school for a few
months, and aside from that time his education was entirely
such as his own unaidcJ efforts could achieve; but his
achievement in that direction was a worthy one. Between
the hours of labor, and by the aid of fire-light, he succeeded
in making himself a fair scholar so far as the practical
business of life was concerned. On ihe 2glh of February,
1812, he married Elizabetii Ross, wdlh whora his early
childhood had been passed, and vvho, with her parents, had
emigrated from New Jersey in company vvith the Kilchell
family. About the year 1814 he removed to soulhern In
diana, Irue lo the pioneer instincts that had been fostered in
him by his early exjierience and his life-long training.
That Jiortion of the country vvas .then an almost unbroken
wilderness, and was largely occupied by tribes of hostile
Indians, and he and his wife and family were often com
pelled, wilh olher farailies, lo seek shelter and security in
the forts and block-houses Ihat existed here and Ihere in
the thinly-settled region. He was elected Sheriff of the
county in which he resided, and so was thrown rauch in
contact wilh lawyers and olhers in attendance upon Ihe
courls. Plis ambition took a new bent frora this intercourse,
and he determined lo read law. He bblained possession
of a few text-books, and these were read to very exceUent
purpose by the light of log fires and during the enforced
leisure of rainy days. At about this lime, too, he suffered
an experience that confirmed hira in his new purpose and
al the same time forced Ihe opportunity for study upon hira
in a painful manner. While clearing ground about his
Indiana cabin he cut his foot wdth an axe so severely as to
lame him for life. After this he studied harder than ever,
and was eventually admitted to the bar. In 1817, still
controlled by the pioneer spirit, he removed to Illinois,
settling in Palestine, Crawford counly, where he resided
unlil 1838. Frora the first he took a deep and very active
interest in Ihe welfare and progress of his adopted State,
and identified himself thoroughly wilh its history. He
rapidly attained to a leading position in his profession, and
frora his earUest settieraent was recognized and respected as
a leading and influential citizen. He was a member of the
first Legislature of the State, that rael at Vandalia ; he was
a soldier in the Black Hawk vvar ; was a raember of the
first General Asserably of 1820-21, frora Crawford counly;
and was a raember of the House of Representatives, frora
Montgomery county, in 1840-41. Plis last term was in
1841, when he represented Montgoraeiy counly, whilher he
had reraoved from Crawford counly in the year 1837. In
l83g he was elected Attorney-General of Ihe State, ancl
held Ihat office for one term. From the time of ils organi
zation until 1854 he was a distinguished and leading raeni-

468

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

ber of the Democratic party. In that year, however,
objecting strongly lo the ground taken by the parly on the
slavery question, he abandoned Ihe organization forever.
He was always intensely interested in the welfare of his
Stale and counlry, and notwithstanding his advanced age,
when the war of the rebellion was in progress he gave his
voiee and such deeds as he could to the cause ofthe Union.
Havincr given half a century of his laborious life to the
developraent of his adopted State ; having witnessed and
rejoiced in its unexarapled growth and prosperity; and
having seen the triumph of the national arras over the
efforts of treason, he died on the 2d of February, l86g, at
the ripe age of eighty years. His vvife had preceded hira
six years before. He left Ihree sons, four daughters, and
numerous grandchildren, to whom the exaraple of his life
is a rich inheritance.

I HITMIRE, ZACHARIAH H., M. D., son of
John and Eliz.abelh (Robinson) Whitraire, was
born in Sidney, Shelby counly, Ohio, on June
25lh, 1823. He received his education in the
public schools, and afterward passed some years
occupied in farming. Beginning the study of
medicine in 1847 '^vith his brother, James L. Whitraire, at
Metamora, he completed ii full course of sludy at Rush
Medical College of Chicago, and graduated Iherefrom in the
year 1850. He began practice at Melaraora in association
wilh his brother, and niainlained Ihe conneetion until Ihe
past two years. The appointment of Exaraining Surgeon
of the Eighth Congressional District, wilh his station al
.Springfield, Illinois, was held by him during the years 1863
and 1864. lie is a member of the State and Counly Medi
cal Societies. He was married in 1852 lo Mary, daughter
of Rev. E. E. Kellogg, an Episcopal minister. She died
in 1855, and in the following year he married Melissa
Morse, of the same place.

CPIENCK, WILLIAM E., M. D., was born in
.Somerset county. New Jersey, in 1840, being the
son of Ernesttts and Ann (Skillman) Schenck.
He entered an academy at Trenton, Nevv Jersey,
at an early age, and fulfilled Ihe expectations of
his faraily by graduating vvith distinction. Pos
sessed vvith a strong inclination for the profession of med
icine, he commenced ils sludy, and soon after leaving
Trenton matriculated at BeUevue College, New York, frora
which he graduated in the spring of 1864, taking the degree
of M. D. He carae West and located in Pekin, Illinois,
vvhere he has since resided and jiraclised. By Ihe display
of care and a fine degree of skill as a physician he has
secured ii lucrative patronage and has made his way to a
leading position in the profession of that section of the Stafe.

He is now acting, in conjunction with his extensive prac
tice, as Uniled Stales Pension Surgeon for Tazewell counly.
In 1866 he was married to Emma Preltyman, of Pekin.
He is a gentieman of culture, and is respected by all w-ho
know him.

cCREA, SAMUEL HARKNESS, Commission
Merchant, was born on August l6th, 1826, at
Goshen, Orange county. New York, where his
Jiarents, coraing frora Scotland, had settled six
years before. In i83g he went with the rest of
the faraily to Rochester, New York, a place Ihen
considered lo be in the far West. Here, after acquiring
such education as he could obtain al the comraon schools,
he was apprenticed to ihe trade of tinsmith. As soon,
however, as his probationary terra was up he quilted the
business and never resuraed it aflerw.ards. In the year
1846 he w-ent to Canada, and there he reraained for a
period of three years. In l84g he went from Canada to
California, among the first of the crowd of gold hunters.
Plis first wdnter on Ihe Pacific coast was spent, not in dig
ging gold, but in Ihe lumber-cariying trade on the Bay of
San Francisco. In the year 1850 he entered upon Ihe
search for gold, and for Ihe next Iwo years he followed
actively the business of gold rainer. Moderate success at
tended his efforts, and he won, perhajis, more than the
average return of gold. He was among the first lo wield
the pick in what is now Calaveras county, CaUfornia. He
relurned to the Uniled Slates in 1S52, and went directly to
Louisiana, where he superintended the construction of the
New Orleans & Opelousas Railroad, now the Morgan
Road. He had his head-quarters on Bayou de la Fourche,
in the heart of the sugar region. The climate there vvas of
the most trying and disagreeable ebai-aeter conceivable,
being only a liltie less abominable than Ihat of the Isthmus
of Panaina. Heretofore it had been found impossible to
retain any one there at the work longer than a few weeks,
except on compulsion. The strong spirit ofthe new Sttjier-
intendent, and his powerful constitulion, wrought a change
in the history ofthe enterprise. He stayed there for neariy
two years, leaving only when the work had been corapleted
and there vvas no longer any necessity for his services.
During his stay he displayed great tact, unfaltering decision
of character, and a very large amount of courage, all of
vvhich vvere needed in dealing vvith Ihe rough and scarcely
civilized gangs of workraen by whora Ihe road was built ;
and furtherraore, when he left the region that had been
supposed to be ruinous to ihe constilution of the white raan,
it was wilh heallh in no degree impaired. From Louisiana
he went lo Illinois. He went first, in November, 1854, lo
Rockford, where he took part in the construction of tbe
Dixon Air Line Railroad. Thence he removed to Sterling,
where he remained for a short time, and in 1855, when the
raUroad had been completed to that point, he went to Mor-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

469

rison, Whitesides county, and there engaged in the grain
and lumber business. The first sixleen car loads of grain
that left Morrison for Chicago were shipped by him. He
remained at Morrison for seven years, and then, in the year
1862, he removed to Chicago. Nolwilhslanding his re
raoval to Chicago, however, he retained his business inter
ests in Sterling until 187 1, and in Morrison until 1874. In
Chicago he entered into Ihe commission business, and the
house of McCrea & Co. became one of the most exiensive
coraraission houses in Chicago. Grain, jirovisions, and
flour constitute Ihe chief objects of the firm's dealings, but
in connection with these interests a moderately large
lumber business is also carried on. The firm own five or
six lumber yards at different jioinls in the northern part of
Illinois, and keep thera supplied principally frora Chicago,
while grain is collected at all of those points and forwarded
to Chicago to be sold eilher for Ihe firm or on coraraission.
Aside frora his regular business the head of the firm, sinee
his removal to Chicago, has been an active man in a variety
of directions. In 1866 he becarae a Director of the Board
of Trade, a position which he held until l868. In that
year he was elecled First Vice-President of the Board of
Trade, and in 1870 vvas elected to Ihe jiosition of Presideni
of that body. In 1S71-72 he was a member of Ihe Com
mittee of Appeal, the chief executive authorily of that
Board. He has, moreover, been four limes a delegate from
the Chicago Board to the National Board of Trade since ils
organization ; and vvas a delegate from the Chicago Board
to the Convention at Boston which organized the National
Board of Trade. He has been a Director of the Traders'
Insurance Corapany of Chicago since the lime of its organiza
tion. He has been, and still is, an active and influential
member of the Republican parly, but, owing lo his exten
sive business occupations, has never held office, except that
while living in Morrison he was a raeraber of the Board of
Supervisors. He was also a delegate to Ihe Republican
Slate Convention. He was raarried in 1856 to Caroline
Isabel Johnson, daughter of Daniel Ii. Johnson, of Cook
county.

MALL, AL'VAN EDMOND, M. D., Physician,
was born, March 4th, 181 1, in Wales, Lincoln
counly, Maine, his parenls, of Scotch desceni,
being araong the earliest settlers of that town.
His fitlher, Hon. Joseph Sraall, was several tiraes
elected raeraber of the Slate Legislature, and held
olher prorainent positions of trust and responsibility. His
acaderaic education was received in Monraouth, Maine. In
1831 he comraenced Ihe study of raedicine, and gi-iadualed
frora the raedical department of the University of Pennsyl
vania. He seltied in Delaware county, Pennsylvania, and
established a praelice, which he relinquished in 1845 for
one in- Philadelphia, where he reraained eleven years. In
l84g he was appointed to the chair of Physiology in the

Ploraceopathic College of Philadeljihia, which he filled with
exemplary fidelity during several years. He was then trans
ferred to the important chair of the Plomoeopalhic Institute
and Practiee of Medicine, which he also ably occupied. He
removed in 1856 lo Chicago, and secured a large and in
creasing practice. On the organization of the Hahnemann
Medical College of Chicago, he was elected to Ihe chair of
llie Theory and Praelice of Medicine, which he filled from
i85g lo i86g, his experience and wisdora aiding largely in
the acquisition of the high reputation vvhich this school has
since attained. When resigning this chair, he was elecled
President of the college. To hira is largely due the pos
session of its present coraraodious buildings, and its high
standing as a medical school. He had always acted as
Treasurer of the college, and his wise management and
financial tact admirably maintained the credi.l of the school.
As General Superintendent of the Scararaon Hospital he in
fused inlo it the new eleraents of success. He has served
as Presideni of the Illinois Horaceopalhic Medical Associa
tion, and of the Araerican Institute of Plomoeopathy. He
is the author of a popular raanual of horaceopalhic praclice,
a treatise on diseases of the nervous system, and anolher on
diseases of the chest, p'ew have done more lo extend ihe
knowledge of horaceopalhy and to coraraend it to the world.
lie is an exeraplary Christian gentleraan, active and liberal
in his church, of which he has been a meraber for forty years.

UDLAM, REUBEN, M. D., Physician, was born
in Camden, New Jersey, October 7lh, 1831. He
is the eldest son of Jacob W. Ludlam, M. D., who
during a period of thirty years sustained a high
reputation for probity and professional skill. Un
der the guidance of his father Reuben prepared
hiraself to receive the full benefits of medical study in the
University of Penn.sylvania. At the close ofhis third course
of lectures he was graduated in that institution in March,
1852. In the following autumn he reraoved to Chicago,
where frora that tirae he has been so exclusively occupied
by his duties that in twenty years he has been absent frora
his post but twenty-five days. He eariy espoused the cause
of horaceopalhy — giving in his adhesion lo Ihe syslera one
year after his graduation. When the Hahneraann Medical
College of Chicago. was organized in 1859 he was elecled
lo the chair of Physiology, Pathology and Clinical Medicine.
He filled this responsible position for four years to the entire
satisfaction of the in.stilution and the students. He was trans
ferred lo the chair of Obstetrics and the Diseases of Woraen
and Children, which he still holds. Aside frora qualifica
tions in the rainute and thorough acquaintance with his sub
ject as a teacher. Dr. Ludlani is distinguished for Ihe sin
gular perspicuity of his thoughts, Ihe ease wilh which he
elucidates his points, and the force with which he irapresses
them on the minds of his students. His lectures are purely

47°

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA-.

extemporaneous — no notes being before him — and are re
markable for their systematic and practical characler.
During several years Dr. Ludlam was an associate editor
of the North American Homceopathic Quarterly, published
in New York. For seven years he has been and still is in
charge of the obslelrical departraent of the United States
Medical and Surgical Journal, an able quarterly pub
lished in Chicago. In March, 1863, he jiublished the first
medical vvork ever written and published in the Northwest,
consisting of "A Course of Clinical Lectures on Diph
theria," vvhich attained great popularity. His specially in
his profession is that ofthe diseases of woraen and children,
in which he has made a high reputation. Plis private and
consulting practice is very exiensive. He has the charge
ofthe woraen's departraent of the Scararaon Hospital. Pie
has recently given lo the public a work entitled " Clinical
and Didactic Lectures on Ihe Diseases of Women," which
is used in all the homoeopalhic colleges as a recognized
authority both in this country and in Europe. In 1868 he
was appointed lo Ihe professional charge of the Homceo
pathic Infirmary for Woraen, in New York city; and in
1870 vvas unanimously elecled to Ihe chair of Obstetrics
and Diseases of Woraen and Children in ihe New York
Horaoeopathic Medical College. Both of these appoint
ments he was constrained lo decline, finding il difficult to
relinquish a field of labor in which he had won a cora
raanding position. In 1869 he was chosen President of the
Araerican Institute of Horaceopalhy, at its session in Bos
ton, on which occasion he delivered the annual address.
He subsequently served the society as its general Secretary.
He was the first President of the Chicago Academy of
Medicine, and is an honorary member of several domestic
and foreign learned societies. During the year Ihat fol
lowed the great fire of Chicago he was the representative
meraber of the horaoeop.alhic school in the Medical Board
of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society, having in chai-'-'e
the health of sixly thousand sufferers by that terrible
calamity. In this capacity he did much lo allay the bitter
ness of partisanship and to bring about a proper state of
feeling aniong all classes and schools of physicians, who,
however differing in their raodes of practice, are all labor
ing for the common good.

pBBARD, REV. JOPIN RANDOLPH, was born
about Ihe year 1815. Plis falher and grandfalher,
besides Iwo paternal and one maternal uncles,
were also clergyraen. He was educated in Ihe
Presbyterian Church, and while yet a minor be
carae a rainister of the United Brelhren Church,
travelling their circuits and preaching often from twenty lo
thirty sermons in a month. It vvas while travelling as a
minister of this church that he first met with the writings
of the New Church, and having received the doctrines

taught therein he becarae a meraber of the Nevv Church in
1839, at the age of twenty-four years, and in June of that
year vvas ordained a minister at the Western Convention, in
Cincinnati, Ohio. Since Ihat period his whole life has
been steadfastly devoted to teaching. He priraariiy taught
a school in Rutland, Meigs county, Ohio, preaching in Ihe
raeanlime as opportunities presented themselves. In 1841
he removed to northern Ohio, and. May 30lh, 1842, was
ordained as a paslor and missionary also, at a convention
in Cincinnati. Attracted by one of his sermons, jiublished
in Ihe Precursor, a New Church periodical jiublished in
Ohio, the raembers of the New Church in Illinois forraed
an association and invited him, to visit Ihis State, projiosing
that he should remain permanently wilh them, if, upon ac
quaintance, his ministry proved agreeable to bolh parties
and likely to be useful lo the church. He accepted the
invitation, made a missionary visit in 1843, ^n<i '" '''e
following year reraoved to Illinois to reside, raaking his
home princijially in Canton and Peoria, but preaching in
various other places in the State. The results of his labors
soon manifested theraselves in the forraation of a Peoria
society and a raore general reception of the doctrines of Ihe
church of which he was a teacher. At the General Con
vention in New York, in June, 1847, ^' 'iie request of the
lUinois Associalion, he was raade an ordaining minister;
and in i84g he came to Chicago and raade this place
his permanent home, becoming the pastor of Ihat society
which, under his ministry, has grown to be one of the raost
prosperous societies of the New Church in Ihe world. He
carae to Illinois as a rainister for ihe whole New Church in
the State, and has always been recognized as its general or
superintending niinisler within the Illinois Associalion.
His superintending duties have, on invitation, been ex
lended more or less to Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minne
sota, Michigan and Indiana; for, though claiming no
authority beyond Ihe bounds of the Illinois Associalion, he
has deemed il his duty lo help the brethren in neighboring
Slates as far as they desired and his ability would permit.
There are now active societies of the Nevv Church in
Canton, Peoria, Chicago and Henry, and smaller ones in
several olher places, which are greatiy indebted to the
services rendered by this efficient and zealous worker in
the Nevv Jerusalera field. He has been Vice-President of
Ihe General Convention, and has always taken an energetic
and influential part in ils proceedings. Through his efforts
the liturgy has been rauch improved, and he has been
greatly instrumental in the establishraent of the New
Church newspaper. The New Jerusalem Messenger, and
Ihe New Chtirch Publishing Plouse in New York. " The
gospel to hira is found in Ihe doctrines of Ihe New Church.
They corae down inlo his raind as a revelation frora
heaven, explained Ihrough Ihe rational mind of Emanuel
Swedenborg. He regards Swedenborg as authorily, and
has no patience with Ihose who would amend his writings.
While teaching Ihat nothing can do a raan any good except

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

471

what he receives freely and understands rationally, yet he
insists at all times that the word of God and the writings
of Swedenborg are the only sources of authorily in reUgion
in tiie New Church." During the winter, or the lecturing
season, he preaches twice a day, raorning and evening;
when at home, in Ihe Temple, and in the afternoon in the
Free Church. While occupied in missionary trips to the
counlry he has at times a student who fills his pulpit
during his temporary absence.

jORE, JOHN C, Educator, Merchant and Presi
dent of the Coraraercial Insurance Corapany of
Chicago, was born in Ossipee, New Hampshire,
on the paternal horaestead, March 22d, 1822.
His parents, Ezekiel Dore, a substantial farmer,
and Abigail Dore, vvere descendants of the old
Puritan stock. His eariy years were spent in hard Labor,
his educational advantages being very limited. At the age
of thirteen he was sent to school, and progressed so rapidly
in his sludies that before he had attained his sevenleenlh
year he was pronounced cajiable of teaching dislrict school.
After years of arduous application to his books he enlered
Darlmouth College, where he soon becarae noted' for his
studious habits, and rapidly won for hiraself Ihe unusual
distinction of being equally perfect in all the portions of the
curriculum, graduating wilh high honor in 1847. He then
removed to Boston, where he engaged in teaching for
several years, securing finally Ihe position of Principal of
the Boylston School, which under his regime became the
embodiment of method, and was often cited as a model.
His fame reaching Chicago, then occupied in evolving
order out of the chaos of independent tuition, the office of
Superintendent of Public Schools of the City of Chicago
was created, in Noveraber, 1853, and he was invited by the
Board of School Inspectors to fill the position. Accepting
the offer he at once reraoved to IlUnois and entered on the
duties of his office. He found here seven public schools,
with three or four thousand jiupils, while at least twice that
number of children of suitable school age were without any
means of instruction. There was an entire absence of a
filling plan of operation, or a complete and systematic
method. He then applied himself energetically lo the work
of reconstruction; made a personal exaraination of the
Jiupils; and on the results of this inquiry based a systera of
classification similar to that used in the Boston schools.
The value of that classification was soon made manifest in
the increased efficiency of the teachers and the more rapid
ad.vanceraent of the scholars. His appoinlraent was araong
the last important acts of the Board of School Inspectors,
for soon after his arrival in the city it was superseded by
the Board of Education, which has since governed the
schools, subject only to the Common Council in pecuniary
matters. On consultation with the superintendent, Ihe

Board decided to add to the number of schools and also to
build a High School, the erection of which was comraenced
Ihe foUowing year. The plans of general arrangement for
this and the Foster, Brown, Moseley and one or two others,
were furnished by hira. The High School w.as intended lo
coraprise three departraents — the English High, the Nor
raal and the Classical ; and at Ihal eariy day a Model
School was projected in connection with the Normal De
partraent for the more thorough preparation of teachers for
their work. After two years of incessant and efficient labor
he resigned his position, leaving, in Ihe place of the con
fusion he had found, an enlarged, systematized, graded and
comjietitive organization, an adrairable solution of Ihe great
educational problera. Pie then engaged in mercantile pur
suils, in Ihe lumber business, and has since been known as
a large operator in this material; and one of the raost
prominent members of Ihe Board of Trade. In 1866 he
was elecled President of that Board, and for several years
past has been Ihe President also of the Commercial Insur
ance Corapany. As a raeniber of the Board of Under
writers he has won special distinction for his abilily in Ihe
raanagement of difficult questions and the unvarying recti
tude of his course. Shortly after relinquishing his position
as Superintendent of Public Schools he vvas chosen a
member of the Board of Education, and served in that
capacity for four or five years, and during one year was
Pre.sident of the Board. One ofthe finest school-houses in
Chicago now bears his name. He was married in 1850 lo
Annie B. Morion, daughter of Dr. Alvah Morion, a leading
physician of Ossipee, New Hampshire.

WENS, JOHN E., M. D., son of John and Martha
J. (Black) Owens, was bora in Cecil counly,
Maryland, on October 14th, 1838. He received
his general education at the schools near home
and in Baltimore. In the year 1858 he cora
raenced the sludy of niedicine w-ilh Drs. J. and
Thomas D. Dunoll, practitioners in Elkton, Maryland, re
maining wilh thera about two years. In i860 he enlered
the Jefferson Medical CoUege, graduating in the spring of
1862, after which he received an appointraent in Blockley
Hospital for one year. Dtiring the spring of 1863 he
raoved to Chicago, and until 1864 acted as Surgeon in the
Miliiary Hospital, when he began a general practice, con
fining himself principally to surgery. For the past six
years he has been engaged as Surgeon- for the Illinois
Central Railroad, and is at present Attending Surgeon lo
Sl. Luke's Hospital, of Chicago. He contributes articles
to medical publications, chiefly on the science of surgery.
In the fall of 1872 he was elected to lecture on Surgery
at Rush Medical College, of Chicago, during the sjiring
course, having formerly lectured in the, same course on the
Diseases of the Urinary Organs. He is a rising man, en-

472

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

joying an exceUent reputation, particularly as a surgeon.
He was married in l86g lo Sophia Jamor, of Maryland.

WEJTT, LEONARD, Lawyer, was bom on
August llth, 1825, in the town of Turner,
Oxford counly, Maine. His father was a farmer
in corafortable circurastances, and gave hira Ihe
beneflt of a Uberal education. Unlil he was
twelve years old he worked upon the farra, which
was situated in a wild raounlainous region, and in the
winler attended the pubUc school in Ihe neighborhood.
About this tirae he coraraenced Ihe sludy of Latin and
Greek, walking to Turner ViUage, a distance of three
miles, Ihrough the snow and reciting his lessons to Rev.
Thomas R. Curtis, a Baptist clergyman there. Al fifteen
he coramenced a preparatory course at North Yarmouth
Acaderay, and at seventeen entered Waterville College.
This institution he left at Ihe coraraenceraent of the senior
year, and entered the law office of Howard & Shipley, at
Portland, Maine, where he remained as a law student for
two years. At the expiralion of Ibis tirae he started for
the South, with the intention of coraraencing the practice
of his profession there. At that tirae the Mexican war was
in progress, and after visiting the Gulf Slates and passing
UJI the Mississippi, he enlered the service as a privale
soldier in the 5th Regiraent of Indiana Volunleers and
started for Mexico. He was upon Ihe line of Vera Cruz
and the city of Mexico, and served in the capacity of
Orderly Sergeant, but practically in coraraand, of a cora
pany, the coraraissioned officers having been incapacitated
by wounds and sickness, and his comraand continued by
sufferance. Here, after passing Ihrough all the jihases and
stages of a soldier's Ufe, except death, he was taken sick
at Vera Cruz, in May, 1848, and reraained in the hospital
on Ihe main plaza of the city for five weeks, when the war
closed. In June, 1848, he was brought lo New Orleans
on board Ihe sail vessel " Robert Morris," in corapany wilh
one hundred and twenty-six sick soldiers. The vessel was
without a surgeon or proper raedicines and had only four
days' rations. Shortly after leaving Vera Cruz it becarae
becalmed in the Gulf, was out thirteen days. During Ihis
passage, which was one of suffering and deprivation, about
one-quarter of the soldiers died. From Nevv Orleans they
vvere taken iraraediately lo Jefferson Barracks, four railes
below Sl. Louis, vvhere Mr. Swett, after a month's deten
tion by reason of sickness, was discharged and started on
his journey back to Maine. At Peoria he had a relapse,
and after sorae two weeks confineraent his physician ad
vised hira lo go back frora Ihe river, and in July, 1848, he
arrived at Blooraington, which thereafter, until his removal
to Chicago, became his horae. The disease thus contracted
clung to hira for ten years, and during that time, he was

in delicate heallh and often confined to his bed. In 1849
Mr. Swett commenced Ihe practice of the lavv. During
his residence al Bloominglon he vvas connected wilh raany
prominent cases, and became widely known throughout
Ihe Stale for his ability and success as an advocate. He
practised on the same circuit with Stephen T. Logan,
Abrahara Lincoln, John T. Stuart, V. F. Linder, Edward
D. Baker, Edward Hannegan, and other prorainent lawyers
of that day, and while being trained in that school was
recognized as one of the leaders. He also look an active
part in the politics of the lirae. In 1852 he canvassed Ihe
Third Congressional Dislrict as Whig elector; and upon
the repeal of the Missouri Coraproraise uniled in Ihe forma
tion of the Republican parly. In the great cause of re
sisting the aggressions of slavery, he canvassed the Stale,
partially in 1854, and generally in 1856, 1858, and 1S60,
in the capacity of Congressionitl elector, or elector at large.
The Eighth Circuit was presided over by Judge David
Davis, and Mr. Lincoln was the most prominent characler
among the lawyers vvho practised there. This caused Mr.
Swett to unite in their infancy in those efforts which re
sulted in the election of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidencj'.
Before his narae became public in connection wilh Ihe
nomination, Mr. Swett conducted a correspondence on the
subject with prorainent men of the country; and took a
conspicuous part in Ihe combinations in the Chicago Con
vention which gave hira the nomination. During the war
he was raost of the time in Washington, and sustained
towards Mr. Lincoln relations of the closest intiraacy and
friendship. He held no office, although a raission to Peru
and others were tendered him. During this period he was
intrusted frora tirae lo time wdlh the most delicate and
irajiortant confidential raissions. For instance, when General
Freraont set up in Missouri a sort of independency and
proclairaed that he vvas on the eve of a great battle near
Lexington, Mr. Lincoln gave Mr. Swett the order for his
reraoval, wdth powers discretionary and dejiendent upon
certain facts, as to whether or not lo deliver it. In 1S65
Mr. Swell removed to Chicago, having jireviously formed
a law parlnership with Judge Van II. Higgins and Colonel
D. Quigg, and this association continued for several years.
His previous reputation anrl ability brought him at once
inlo jirominence and insured him a lucrative practice.
Since Judge Higgins retired, Mr. Swett has practised alone,
and has been retained in the most prominent criminal and
civil cases which have arisen, and is unquestionably at
this time one of Ihe most prominent merabers of the
Chicago bar. He devotes hiraself almost exclusively to
his profession ; and while his coraprehensive and well-
trained raind, and enlarged experience and knowledge of
raen fit hira ior doing any work ably, il is as an advocate
Ihat he is raost conspicuous. lie is a clear reasoner, and
applies to every subject strong, logical powers. His mind
is eminentiy analytical. In the argument of a point of

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

473

law, or a question of fact, his efforts present Ihe same cora
prehensive and thorough analysis. He has that tendency
to amplify which has characterized the raost effective
orators. He selects with careful judgraent the strong
points of his case and directs all his powers towards es
tablishing them. He illustrates, explains, and reiterates,
bul never repeats. Pie retums again and again to the sarae
point of attack, and each lime throws sorae new light upon
his subject. Owing to this tendency to amplify, aided by a
ready command of language, all of Mr. Swell's spee'ches
are marked by great clearness. He sees his subject clearly
himself and is alw.ays able to express it clearly. Mr. Swett
has reraarkable powers of illustration. His life upon Ihe
circuit, his varied experience in early life, and his life al
the particular bar of which he was a member have supjilied
hira with a fund of anecdote upon whieh he draws eon-
slantiy for his iUustrations. He has a strong sense of Ihe
huraorous, which relieves the clear logic of his arguraent.
Plis huraorous phases of a case are often raade the strong
jioints of attack, and the dryest topics are relieved by a
well-told anecdote. United wilh a power of language
which enables hira to express vvhat he feels, he has a vein
of patiios which on occasion renders hira most effective in
that field of oratory. He not only possesses this power,
but selects with rare judgraent the appropriate tirae and
occasion for its exercise. In short, as an orator Mr. Swell's
raethod and argument are logical, his analysis is keen and
thorough, and his style clear, strong and convincing.
Humor, pathos, and illuslralion are uniled with clear and
logical reasoning. These qualities are sustained by a fine
presence and an earnest and eloquent manner. No raan
vvith Mr. Swell's qualities of raind can be a mere jury
lawyer ; hence he grapples with equal abilily difficult ques
tions of law before a court. His examination of such
questions is thorough and exhaustive. The authorities are
weighed and corapared, and principles are traced to their
source. He never cites a jirecedent merely as such, but
the reason which sustains Ihem is always sought for as Ihe
test and measure of their weight. He begins at the source
and compares conflicting authorities wilh Ihe sarae keen
analysis which characterizes his other foren.sie efforts. In
the preparation of his cases he is thorough and pains
taking. His own strength and his adversary's weakness
are studied in advance and with care. He is rarely sur
prised by an unexpected difficulty, and always raakes his
client's cause to be his own. Although of a raercurial
leraperanient he is alvvays, in the trial of a cause, cool and
of even temper. He never allows the heat of debate or
the altercations of the court-room to throw him off his
guard or prejudice his client's cause. His varied expe
rience in life, united with quick perception, has made hira
an adrairable judge of character. He avails himself of
this advantage continually in the trial of a case before a
juiy, in examining a witness, and even in arguments
before the court. Mr, Swell is a raan of great physical
60

energy, which is sustained by a powerful physique. This
gives energy and vigor to his mental processes. Pie has a
high sense of professional honor, and is thoroughly de
voted to his profession, lie is a gentleman of fine social
qualities and of an attractive personal presence. Pie bears
a strong resemblance to his old friend, the lale President
Lincoln, and is like hira, tall, dark and angular, but has
more refinement and ease in his manner. He is genial
and affable, and has a chivalric sympathy for weakness and
distress vvhich makes hira alvvays ready to do a kind or
charitable act.

cCLELLAN, JOPIN J., Lawyer, was born in
Livingston, Columbia counly, Nevv York, Sep
tember 5lh, 1833. His father, Samuel R.
McClellan, is a jihysician, of Scotch descent,
whose ancestors settled in Colerain, Massachu
setts, about 1723. His mother's maiden narae
vvas Catherine Garner; she is of Dutch desceni, and her
ancestors settled in Columbia county. New York, about
1793. In 1845 his Jiarents moved to vvhat is now Kenosha
counly, in Wisconsin. His falher, vvho practised his pro
fession and improved a large farm, took a deep interest in
public affairs, having been a member of the Constitutional
Convention, and subsequently Stale Sensilor. The subject
of Ihis sketch pursued the ordinary avocations of a far
mer's boy until he was seventeen — attending school winters.
He then entered the public school at Kenosha and re
mained there two years. At the age of nineteen he cora
raenced lo read law in the office of E. W. Evans, of
Kenosha, now of the Chicago bar. In 1855 he entered
Ihe law departraent of the Albany University, and gradu
ated there in 1856. In the fall of Ihat year he began the
practice of his profession in Oconto, Wisconsin, and met
with marked success. He was elecled Dislrict Allorney
in the spring of 1857, under a new county organization,
and continued to hold the office, by successive re-elections,
until January, 1862. He was then ajipoinled Assistant Al-
lorney-General of ihe Slate under Hon. James H. Howe,
Attorney-General, and afterwards under his successor, Hon.
Winfield Smith. In March, 1863, he resigned his office
.and reraoved lo Racine, where he resumed Ihe practice
of his profession. In May, 1864, he received Ihe appoint
ment of Captain and Assistant Quartermaster of Volunleers,
and served in that capaeily two years, doing duly at John
son's Island, in Florida, and olher places. He then moved
to Chicago and resuraed praclice, very soon taking charge
of the legal affairs of one of the largest mercantile houses
in Ihe eily. At Ihe date of this' sketch he is a member of
the firm of McCleUan & Hodges, vvhich has an extensive
and lucrative practice. An ex-judge, who knew him well,
said of hira : " He has an active, vigorous raind ; an
accurate and extensive knowledge of law, and is the soul
of honor." He was raarried in 1861 to Julia Wheldon.

474

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

JROOKS, DATUS C, Journalist and Professor of
English Lileralure, was bora July I5lh, 1830, at
Geneva, New York, descending from New Eng
land stock. In 1833 his parents removed to
Sturges, Sl. Joseph county, Michigan, wdiere he
lived until he reached his nineleenlh year, attend
ing during this time the district and village schools, and
displaying very eariy in life unusual talent for study. He
coraraenced Latin when fourteen, and soon raade his raark
for his proficiency in the English branches, and for his
ability as an elocutionist and debater. 'When eighteen he
read medicine for a year, and then removed to Ann Arbor,
with the intention of entering the medical departraent of Ihe
Universily of Michigan, located at that place. He obtained
the raeans to support himself at college for tw-o years by
teaching and manual labor, and at the end ofthal time de
terrained to enter Wesleyan Seminary at Albion, Ihen under
the charge of D. C. T. Henman. He spent one year here,
distinguishing himself as a linguist and as a forcible writer
and speaker, and Ihen enlered the sophomore class of the
University of Michigan, soon after Heniy P. Tappan
assuraed ils presidency. He worked his way through the
college, obtaining high coraraendation for his progress in
the departments of language, literature and jihilosophy.
He was a tireless reader and an incessant writer, contribut-
in.g continuously to the newspapers and periodicals. In
1856 he graduated, and vvas appointed Professor of Rhetoric
and English Lileralure in Ihe university, and in addition to
the duties of this departraent gave instruction in elementary
Greek. He was soon corapelled, hovvever, to tlevote his
allenlion exclusively to Ihe English departraent, by the
organizalion of a scientific course of four years, in which the
principal part was filled by raodern languages and English
studies. While engaged at Ihe universily he was frequently
called upon to address the public frora pulpit and platforra,
and contributed occasionally lo the North American Review,
and other periodicals. He closed his career at Ihis inslilu
tion in 1864, accepting the position which had been tendered
him, of lilerary editor, and art, draraatic and musical critic
of the Chicago Times, and for which he was eminently
qualified. In 1866 he took the position of associate editor
of the Evening Post, vvhich he filled with great judgment
and abilily. Pie has few equals as a writer in the world of
American journalism.

JALLIS, WILLIAM T., Merchant and Banker,
was bora in New York city on March 13th, 1817,
and is a son of John Wallis and Mary A. Geib.
His father was a lawyer and practised al the bar
in Ihe city of New York, and bestowed upon his
son the advantages of a good eommon school
education. At Ihe age of fifteen years WUliara left school
and entered the wholesale dry-goods house of Gould, Con
klin & Mazier, in Peari street, and remained with them four

years, at the end of which tirae the firm failed. The two
succeeding years he vvas in the employ of Jonas ConkUn in
the sarae business. Pie then started in the wholesale dry-
goods business on his own account, and continued vciy
successfully about eight years. For about four years after
this he retired from business, and during this period he
twice visited the western counlry, and finally in 1857 re
moved from New York and located at Rockford, Winne
bago county. There he was occupied in various private
speculations until 1864, when, in connection with Mr. A. C.
Spafford, he organized' the Third National Bank of Rockford,
and was made Cashier, u position he fills at Ihe present
lime. The capital stock of the bank is $70,000, and Ihe
iBslitulion is in a very prosperous condition, which is due in
no small degree to his energy, industry, close application lo
business, undeviating integrity, and strict punctualily. Mr.
Wallis is a thoroughly domestic man, and has never in any
way given his attention to or interfered wilh political offices ;
his whole time is divided between his banking office and
his home. He is emphatically a self-made man. Begin
ning life for hiraself .at a very early age, and receiving no
assistance frora his falher, he has worked his vvay alone up
lo his present position in society, and to-day ranks araong
the wealthy citizens of Rockford, and is, esteemed and
respected by all vvho know him. He has been twice mar
ried : first, in 1841, to Miss Van Nest, d.aughler of Abrahara
Van Nest; she died in 1845, and in 1853 he was married
to Plenrietta Remsen, of Jersey City.

I„ICE, JOHN BLAKE, Theatrical Manager and
ex-Mayor of Chicago, vvas born in the village of
Easton, Talbot county, Maryland, in 1809. He
received a comraon school education, and in early
manhood he became an actor on the theatrical
stage and was widely known as a successful and
talented member of the histrionic profession. In 1847 he
settled in Chicago, and built a theatre on Dearborn street
between Randolph and Washington streets, whieh was
really the first pretentious dramatic establishment in the
city. He was manager of the theatre until 1857, and many
of his fellow-eilizens of these days can recall wilh pleasure
the admirable entertainments whieh were given in that
quaint but attractive lillie temple of ari, under his careful
and judicious manageraent. He was as successful pecuni
arily as he was professionally, and in the latter year he
closed his theatrical career, tore dovvn his old theatre, and
built in ils place a brick business block on the eitst side of
Dearborn street and on the corner of Calhoun place. Araong
other property vvhich he purchased during his theatrical life
was Ihe ground upon vvhich Ihe Crosby Opera House vvas
afterward erecled. After a retireraent of eight years frora
public life, he was, in 1865, during the political excitement
occasioned by the long war of the rebellion, nominated by

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

475

the Union party for the office of Mayor of Chicago, and was
elected by an almost unanimous vote. The - acceptability
with which he perforraed the duties of that office may be
inferred frora the fact that in 1867, just before the expiralion
of his first term, he vvas re-elected by a large majority in a
warra and excited political contest as the candidate of the
Republican p-arly. Pie presided over the deliberations of
the Common Council with noticeable dignity and impar-
tialily, and never hesitated to interpose his veto when that
body eilher transcended its legitim.ale powers or enacled a
measure lh.at in his judgment did not comport wilh the best
interesls of Ihe tax-payers or the city. He vvas elecled lo
the Forty-lhird Congress on the Republican ticket, receiving
12,870 voles, against 8,235 voles for Otis, Liberal. lie vvas
married in 1837, when twenty-eight years of age, in the city
of Philadelphia, to Mary Ann Warren, daughter of Williara
Warren, deceased, forraeriy raanager of Ihe Philadelphia,
Baltimore and Washington theatres from 1795 to 1826. Hc
died December I7lh, 1874. His only son enlisted in the
early part of the rebellion to fight for the national cause,
and as Captain of Coinpany A, of the 8gth Regiraent of
IlUnois Volunteers, was killed, Septeraber igth, 1863, at the
battle of Chickaraauga, Tennessee.

'YLER, JAMES E., Banker and Real Estate Oji-
erator, was born iu HiUsdale, Columbia counly,
Nevv York, M.irch nth, 1811. His parents were
Dr. Platt B. Tyler, a skilful physician of consider
able literary attainments, and Margaret H. Tyler.
Dnring his infancy he removed with his parents to
West Stockbridge, Berkshire county, Massachusetts. He
secured an elementary education in the coraraon schools
localed in the vicinity of his home. He was subsecjuently
engaged in a village slore in Ihis place, and reraoved with
his eraployer to Canaan, New York. In i82g he reraoved
to Cincinnati, reaching his destination by stage over the
AUeghenies, and by stearaboat down the Ohio. Plere he
was first eraployed in an insurance office, and at the expira
tion of a few years became partner in a store of the neigh
boring village of Middletown. Coming into sole ownership
of that store he ultiraately met with failure. He then
returned to Cincinnati and lo the insurance office where he
had first found employment after his arrival in the West.
Upon the establishment by his employers of a branch in
Louisville, Kenlucky, he was jilaced in charge of it, and
moved fo ihe South, in May, 1834. By the aid of a New
York banking house, he was eventually enabled to add a
banking esla'olishment to his insurance office, and was
rapidly prosjiering, when he hiet wilh another serious check,
being persuaded lo embark in a raanufacturing concern
which he afterwards found was badly involved and in a
ruinous condition. He Ihen again returned to the insurance
office ; business came in to him abundantiy ; and rapidly I

outstripping all his competitors, he soon met the whole of
his obligations, and invested his earnings to great advantage.
In the spring of l85g, in company with his physician, he
made a transatlantic lour for the benefit of his heallh and
travelled in Egypt and Ihe Holy Land. The account of his
travels which he sent to his friends from lirae lo lirae was
shown to George D. Prentice, editor of the Louisville Jour
nal, who insisted upon its publication. Pie returned in the
auluran of i860. In 1861 he visited Chicago, and was so
impressed wilh ils enterprise that he immediately inveslcd
iu its real estate, and in 1S62 opened a banking house at
Ihe corner of Lake and Dearborn streets, under the name
of Tyler, Ullraan & Co. The firm subsequently opened
another house in Nevv York city. He then becarae largely
interested in real estate in Chicago, and buift a business
block known by his .lanie. With others he was instru
mental in promoting the establishraent of the Universily of
Chicago, conlribuling liberally toward its construction and
acting as one of its Trustees. The First Baptist Church, on
Wabash avenue, one of the finest places of worship in the
city, owed ils existence largely lo his munificence; he also
conlribuled handsomely to Ihe endowraent of the Baptist
Theological Seminary. In February, 1834, he became a
meraber of the Ninth Street BajilisI Church of Cincinnati.
He was married May I5lh, 1832, to Eleanor A. Duffield,
daughter of Araos Duffield, deceased, formerly of Phila
delphia.

^ HISSLER, LOUIS, Lawyer, was born in Wil
mington, Delaware, June 30.h, 1834. He is the
son of Godfrey Shissler and Elizabeth Shissler,
wilh whora he reraoved in 1841 to Galena, Illi
nois. He was educaled at Ihe Western Military
Academy, Brennon Springs, in Kentucky, gradu
ating finaUy in 1853, wilh the degrees of A. B. and L. B.
He then pursued the study of law under Judge T. B. Mon
roe, of Frankford, Kenlucky. In the fall of 1853 he went
to plarvard, Ma.ssachusells, and in 1854 look the degree of
LL. B. In 1856 he relurned lo Galena, where he has since
reraained, constantly occupied in attending to the duties
connected with an extensive and reraunerative clientage.
During 1866-67 he officiated as Mayor of Galena, and is a
leading and respected raeraber of the Galena bar.

OLTON, FRANCIS, President of Farraers' and
Mechanics' Bank of Galesburg, was born in
Monson, Maine, May 22d, 1834, being the son
of Chauncey S. and Eraily Ii. (McLanathan)
Colton, of Pennsylvania, who reraoved to Gales
burg, Illinois, w-hen he was quite young. He
was educated at Knox College in that city, and graduated
from that institution with honor in 1855. .Shortly after he

476

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

entered his father's store as a partner, Ihe former having for
many years been engaged in a general niercanlile trade in
that place. Here Francis reraained for about eight years,
and was then chosen Vice-President of the First National
Bank, a position which he filled during the years 1864-65.
He was then appointed Deputy-Collector of Internal Reve
nue, serving two years in that capacity. In 1866 he re
ceived Ihe appointraent of United Stales Consul at Venice,
and in that position represented the governraent of the
Uniled Slates until i86g, when he relurned to Galesburg.
In October of this year he assumed control of the General
Passenger Department of the Union Pacific Railroad, vvith
his head-quarters al Omaha. In this important office he
served under the administration of Colonel Haramond untU
November 25lh, 1870, vvhen he was appointed jointiy by
Ihe Union and Pacific Railroad Corapanies as their Foreign
Agent, and vvas sent to China, India and Japan, in order to
establish Ihe siik and tea trade via Yokoharaa and the Pa
cific stearaers, to S.an Friincisco, and thence east via Ihe
Union and Pacifie Railroads. He was absent on Ihis ira
portant mission about one year, during which lime he visited
all the eastern and southern .\siatic countries. To hira is
due the distinction of effecting an arrangement wilh the
various railroad and steamship lines for a trij> around the
worid in eighty days. While absent he also arranged for
the transportation of troops frora India to England via Hong
Kong and Ihe Pacific steamers and the Pacific Railroad.
Prior lo this tirae the route frora India to England was by
the way of the Red Sea, Ihe Isthraus of Suez, and Ihe Medi
terranean. Upon his return to Ihe United States, he was
honored with the office of President of the Farmers' and
Mechanics' Bank, lo which in 1872 he was elected. This
position he now fills. He is one of the Centennial Com
missioners frora Illinois. During his residence in Europe
he vvas the Vienna correspondent of the Nevv York Tribune,
raaintaining that journalistic relation during and subsequent
to the Austria-Prussian vvar. In 1873 ^^ again visited
Europe on a special mission. On January iglh, 1875, he
was mairied to Anna C. Snively, of Brooklyn, New York.
He is a gentleman of large business experience, of rare tact,
and of great energy. His voyages and travels to the anti
podes and to Europe have given him a rare fund of informa
tion, beneficial iu bolh his social and business relations.
' He is held in high esteera as a financier, and now presides
over one of the most flourishing banks in the Slate.

' HELDON, BENJAMIN R., Judge ofthe Suprerae
Court of Illinois, was born in Massachusetts in
1813. He is a son of Benjamin and Sarah (Rob
bins) Sheldon, anel was educaled at Williams
College, Massachusetts, from which he graduated
in 1831. He entered the law department of Yale
College, vvhere he perfected hiraself for Ihe duties of a prac

titioner, and in 1836 was admitled to practice. Eraigraling
to Illinois, he located teraporarily at Hennepin, Putnam
county, and shortly after removed lo Galena. In 1848 he
was elecled Judge of the Sixth Judicial Circuit, which, by
reason of ite great dimensions, was divided. That portion
over which his jurisdiction exlended was called the Four
teenth Circuit, and he continued as its Judge until I070, vvhen
he was elected to the Supreme Bench from the district cora-
jirising the counties of Jo Davies, Carroll, Rock Island,
Whitesides, Lee, Ogle, Kendall, De Kalb, Kane, Boone,
Winnebago and .Stevenson. He lately removed to Rock
ford, which is now his home. He is a jurist of ripe culture,
and his close sludy of the law in all its branches has erai-
nenlly filled him as an administrator of it. He has a quick
and very retentive memory, which readily suramons prece
dents when a question Of praclice or ruling is involved in
the conduct of a cause. His decisions are characterized by
their clear and unincumbered analyzation of evidence, for
Iheir explicit interpretation of the coraraon or sl.atutory lavv,
and for their total freedom from bias. Judge Sheldon has
achieved a fine reputation, both as a lawyer and as a mera
ber of the Suprerae Bench, and possesses the respect of all
classes of citizens. He is unraarried.

MERY, ENOCH, Journalist, was born in Canter-
buiy. New Harapshire, August 31st, 1S22. The
early years of his life' were passed on a farm.
When eighteen he removed to Boston, where he
reraained about four years. During his residence
in that city he occasionally contributed to the
press. He afterwards located at Lowell, Massachusetts, and
was for a short lirae engaged as hotel clerk, after which he
became Associate Editor of a newspaper called the Vox
Populi, a position he occupied for a jieriod of two years. In
connection wilh others he then established a raorning paper,
occupying successfully the position of Editor and Manager
for several years. Subsequently he disposed of his interest.
The paper, however, still continues in successful existence.
His heallh having failed he was corapelled to relinquish his
liter.ary pursuits, and in the fall of 1854 eraigrated to lUi
nois, and during the winter raonlhs he engaged as a writer
for the Bloomington Pantagraph, a tri-weekly issue. The
following spring he returned to Lowell, Massachusetts, and
assumed charge of the Morning News. He localed per
raanentiy in Illinois in tiie spring of 1858, and the following
year was engaged as Local Editor of Ihe Peoria Transcript,
and in the spring of l36o became its general and political
editor. In July of the s.ame year he purchased the paper
in connection with E. A. Andrews. In the eariy part of
1865 he was ajijiointerl by President Lincoln Postmaster of
Peoria, retaining the position unlil his removal by Johnson,
vvhich occurred the foUowing year, owing to his active op-:
position to that President's policy. He then purchased the

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

477

interest of his parln'er, Mr. Andrews, and conducted the
paper alone until i86g, vvhen the present company was
formed, under the name and style of " Peoria Transcript
Company." lie was elecled Presideni of Ihe comjiany, and
has the entire managemeiit of its affairs. For two years he
held the office of Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fifth
District, Illinois, having been appointed by President Grant.
This was a responsible position, as the district is the fourth
in importance in Ihe Uniled Slates, on account of ils exien
sive local manufacluring interesls. As a political writer
Mr. Eraery enjoys the rejiutation of being forcible and inde
pendent. An abolitionist through life, he has frequentiy
sacrificed personal interesls in defending his principlei of
right. He was raarried in 1847 to M.ary Mocn, of Boston.

kOND, THOMAS SHELDON, A. M., M. D., was
born in Lee, Berkshire counly, Deceraber 14th,
1842. His falher. Rev. Williara Bush Bond, was
a Congregational clergyraan of Massachusetts.
His mother was Harriet S. (Sheldon) Bond. He
was fitted for college at the St. Johnsbury Acad
emy, Vermont, and entered Araherst College in i85g, grad
uating from that institution in 1863, and receiving the
degree of A. M. lie removed to Illinois in Seplember of
the same year, and settled at Lake Forrest, a suburban vil
lage of Chicago, where he taught school for a period of ten
years. Upon receiving an appoinlmenl as Miliiary Cadet in
the military department of the Marine Hospital at Chi-
cago, he coraraenced the study of raedicine, and attended
regular courses in the Chicago Medical College, where he
graduated in M.arch, 1867. Associating hiraself w'th his
preceptor, Dr. R. N. Isham, of Chicago, he then entered
on the labors of his profession, continuing in association
wilh him until August, 1867. In the ensuing fall he per
fected hiraself slill further in his profession, matriculating al
the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York city,
and in the spring of 1868 receiving from il a degree. Re
turning afterward to Chicago, he resumed his practice. In
the fall of l86g he was elected Deraonstralor of Anatoray in
the Chicago Medical College, and in 1874 was appointed
Professor of Anatoray in Ihe same inslilution. This chair
he now fills. He was married April 20th, 1871, lo Char
lotte A. Mills, of Chicago, Illinois.

ijARTLETT, PROFESSOR N. GRAY, Pharma
cist, was born in Louisville, Kentucky, February
gth, 1840. He is the son of George F. Bartlett
and Martha M. (Rodgers) Bartiett. Receiving a
thorough English education in the schools of his
native town, he entered, when about seventeen
years of age, the laboratory of I. S. Morris & Sons, of
LouisviUe, where he remained about one year. He then

rimoved to Keokuk, Iowa, and conlinued his business with
his brotiier, George F. Bartlett, who was a member of ihe
firm of B. Kaye & Co. After an association of three years
wdth this firm, he relurned lo his former employers, Morris
& Sons, al Louisville, where he resided unlil 1861. lie
subsequently removed to Chicago and comjileted his phar
maceutical education under the direction of E. H. Sargent,
wdth whom he remained for five years. He returned after
ward to Keokuk, and entered into parlnership with his
brother, the style of finn being Wilkinson, Bartlett & Co.
His connections wilh Ihat firm were severed in 1870 byhis
being called lo Chicago to assume the editorship of the
" Pharmacist," a position which he filled during the ensuing
three years. At this lirae he becarae connected wilh the
Chicago College of Pharmacy, as Professor of Pharmacy,
and on the retirement of Professor Blaney in 1871 was ap
pointed to succeed hira as Professor of Cheraistry. The
latter professorship he held also in the Chicago Medical
College for about Iwo years, at the expiralion of vvhich
period he resigned in order to engage in the drug business.
He has contributed to ihe literature of his profession, and
won favorable notice by the exceUence of his lectures. He
was raarried in 1870 lo Mary A. McCune, of Keokuk, Iowa.

ARD, JASPER D., Lawyer, ex-Meraber of Con
gress, and Uniled Slales District Allorney for
Northem Illinois, vvas bom in Wyoming county.
New York, 1829. His falher was a native of
Massachusetts, .and a descendant of General
Ward, of Revolutionary farae. He attended the
coraraon schools located in the vicinity of his home, and
vvas fitted for coUege at the Aurora Academy. He gradu
ated from the Allegheny College in the class of 1849. ^'^-
vious to entering eollege, however, and also after graduation,
he vvas engaged temporarily in teaching school. He then
comraenced the study of law under Ihe instructions of Albeit
Gowen, an erainent legal practitioner of New York State,
and in 1852 was adraitted to the bar. In the ensuing fall
he removed to Chicago, and commenced the praclice of his
profession. In 1854 he associated himself in partnership
vvith Major Hart, now of San Francisco, California, vvhich
conlinued until 1857. He then formed a new partnership
wilh George W. Stanford, and in 1872 Mr. Kahlsatt was
admitted as a member ofthe firra. In 1854 he was elected
Alderman, and officiated as Chairraan of Judiciary Cora
raittees. In 1856 he was the first RepubUcan candidate for
City Attorney, after Ihe organization of the Republican
party, but failed to secure an election. In 1858 he was
again elected Alderman. In i860 he visited Colorado, but
returned in tirae to take part in Ihe Lincoln campaign, and
canvassed the Slate with the sarae energy which had jire
viously characterized his actions while laboring for the suc
cess of Freraont in the preceding Presidential eleclion. In

478

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

1861, after the battie of WUson's Creek, he enlisted in Col
onel BisseU's Western Engineer Regimenl, and served for a
period of eight raonlhs. Before leaving Ihe service he was
promoted to a Lieutenancy. In 1S62 he was elected to the
Slate Senale from Chicago, and served until 1866. WhUe
acting in this capacity, he was Chairman of Ihe Finance
Committee, and a member of various other imjiorlant cora
raittees. In 1S72 hewas nominaled as Ihe P..ejiublican can
didate for Congre-.is frora the Sevenlh Illinois Congressional
District, and was elected. At Ihe expiralion of his terra he
secured a re-election. While thus publicly occupied, hc
served on Ihe Judiciary Coramittee, and on many other cora
millees of an important nature, and was also one of the
special comraittee appointed to invcsligate the Arkansas
matters. In the fall of 1874 he was renominated by accla
mation, but was defeated. In 1875 he was appoinled by
President Grant United Stales District Attorney for Northern
Illinois, vvhich position he still retains.

HOREY, DANIEL L., Lawyer, vvas born in
Washington county, Maine, January 31st, 1824.
He attended Ihe jiublie schools of his neighbor
hood until his thirteenth year, vvhen his parents
removed to Lynn, Massachusetts. He was fitted
for college al Ihe Philipps Academy, in Andover,
and graduated from Dartmouth College with Ihe class of
1851. Among his classraates vvere Hon. Charles Hitch
cock, Hon. E. A. Rollins, late Uniled Slates Comraissioner
of Internal Revenue, U. C. Grant and Frank Clark of
Waukegan. After graduating he went to Washington, Dis
trict of Colurabia, and was engaged in teaching and direct
ing Ihe classical studies in the Rittenhouse Academy, Ihen,
as povv, under Ihe raanageraent of O. C. White, D. D.
During this period he applied hiraself also lo the sludy of
law, under Ihe instructions of Hon. Joseph Bradly of New
Jersey. He subsequently completed his preparations for Ihe
b.ar at Ihe Dare Law School of Harvard, where he gradu
ated in 1854. He was admitted to Ihe bar bolh in New-
York and Boston, and opened an office in the laller city,
vvhere he practised for one year. He then removed to
Davenport, Iowa, where he was professionally occupied for
two years, acting during the last year as City SoUcitor. Re
moving finaUy to Chicago, he has sinee resided in this city,
engaged in the praclice of law up to the present lirae. Al
though a supporter of Ihe Republican party, he favors a
more liberal coraraercial policy, and, while residing in
Iowa, look an active part in the political raoveraents of the
hour. Dnring the illness of Mr. Church, he acted as Attor
ney for the Chicago & Alton Railroad. He drew the bill
for Ihe organization ofthe Chicago Public Library, and was
a member ofthe first Board of Directors, vvhich position he
still holds. He has always manifested a generous interest
in raoveraents of an educational nature relating to his

adopted State and city, and has beeii instrumental in ad
vancing their material prosperity. His abilities as a legal
practitioner are unquestioned, while his business is exiensive
and remunerative. He is attached to Unitarian doctrines,
and for a number of years has officiated as President of the
Unitarian Associalion. He was married in 1856 to Maria
Merriman, of Bedford, Massachusetts, and has two children.
Iiis eldest son is now a student in Harvard College.

^HALLENBERGER, MARTIN, Lawyer, was born
near Connellsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania,
on December 3d, 1825. Hewas the son of Jacob
and Mary (Slonaker) Sballenberger, who emi
grated to F'ulton county, Illinois, in 1838. He
received his early education at Ihe schools in the
vicinity of his horae in Pennsylvania, and afterwards con
cluded an acaderaical course at Peoria, Illinois. When
twenty-one years of age he decided upon the law as a pro
fession, and for the period of three years pursued his studies
in the office of the Hon. Onslow Peters, of Peoria (who
afterward becarae Judge of that circuit), and was admitted
to the bar in l84g. Pie localed at Toulon, the county-seat
of Slarlc county, and continues his practice there, and also
in adjoining towns, up to the present lime. By diUgent ap
plication to the various duties of his profession, he has
acquired an excellent repulalion, especially for the able
manner in which he conducts crirainal suits, being retained
on all important cases of that nalure occurring within his
district. In the fall of 1857 he was elected by the Derao
cratic parly to the lower House of Ihe Legislalure, where
he served one term. During ihe Presidential campaign of
i860 he became jirincipal raanager of the Stark Counly
Democrat, resuraing the charge of it in 1865, and conduct
ing it vvith great success for two years. The paper con
tinues to be published, and is" known as Ihe Prairie Chief.
In 1849 hewas raarried to Eliza J., daughter of Thomas
Hall, M. D., of Toulon.

ANNISTER, REV. HENRY, D. D.,-Clei-gyraan
and Professor of Exegetical Theology in Ihe
Garrell Biblical Institute at Evanston, was bom
in Conway, Massachusetts, October 5lh, 1812.
His grandfalher. Captain John Bannister, was an
officer in Ihe colonial army during Ihe American
Revolution, and for a great many years a representative iu
Ihe Legislalure of Massachusetts. His falher, Amos Ban
nister, married Mary Nash, of Greenfield, Massachusetts; he
died very eariy, and his widow married again, and lived in
St. Lawrence county, Nevv York. The boy Henry showed
an aptitude for study, and a strong desire for a more ex
tended education than could be obtained at a country school.-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

479

His stepfather vvas unable to assist him, but gave him his
tirae vvhen he was seventeen years old, on condition that hi
would vvork his ovvn way at school. He started frora horae
and walked one hundred and fifty miles lo the serainary at
Cazenovia, New York, and there became A student. In
two years he was prepared for coUege, and was providen
tially led to becorae a student at Ihe Wesleyan LTniversity.
at Middletown, Connecticut, where he graduated wilh honor,
taking his M.A. degree, in 1836. After graduation he taught
for a while, and then entered tbe Theological Serainary at
Auburn, New York, where he reraained till 1839, when he
was called to teach the classics in Cazenovia Serainary. In
1841 he accepted the position of Principal of the Fairfield
Academy, at Fairfield, Herkimer county. New York. Two
years later, in 1843, he returned to the Cazenovia Serainary,
having been elecled its Principal. He fulfilled Ihe duties
of this office fpr thirteen years. In 1856 he was elected to
fill the chair of Exegetical Theology in the Garrett Biblical
Institute, the Methodist theological coUege then newly or
ganized at Evanston, Illinois, as a perpetual foundation,
under the will ofthe late Mrs. EUza Garrett, for tiie educa
tion of young men for the ministry. Here he has since
.remained. He was married in 1840 to Lucy Kimball,
daughter of Rev. Rewel Kimball, of Lewis county. New
York. Though his work in life has been chiefly that of an
instructor, he has at the sarae lirae been a clergyman of the
Melhodist Episcopal Church, and has since 1842 held several
important ecclesiastical positions therein. His Alma Mater
at Middletown conferred on him in 1850, of her ovvn ac
cord, the degree of D. D. He was abroad in i86g and
1870, chiefly in Gerraany and in Bible lands — Egypt, Sinai
and the Desert, and in Palestine and the Levant. The
chief object of the journey was to sludy the working of Iheo
logical institutions in Gerraany and in Europe generally.
His life as a scholar has been calra and uneventful, and he
has declined many proposals to change for more conspicuous,
but not raore useful, posts.

'DDY, DOCTOR THOMAS M., A. M., Minister
and Editor, was born in Hamilton county, Ohio,
September 7th, 1823. His falher, Rev. Augustus
Eddy, was a well-known and- popular minister in
the Methodist Episcopal Church, vvho exercised
his earlier ministry in Ohio, and labored many
years also in Indiana. In 1836 Thomas removed wilh his
faraily to Indiana, where hewas engaged alternately in hard
work and in attending school. He becarae subsequentiy a
student in an excellent academy, where he pursued a course
of classical and general sludies. He enlered the ministry
in 1S42, and was appointed to a circuit on the Ohio river.
It was a hilly, rough, and in some respects an uninviting field,
and one well calculated to test thoroughly the enthusiasm
vyith which he entered upon his chosen profession. While

presiding over Ihis circuit, he preached during the first year
more than Ihree hundred limes, in addition to attending upon
all the social meetings peeuliar to his denomination, pie
also early became a newspaper corres]iondenl, and a writer
for several reviews and magazines. Thus laboring profes
sionally, and winning attention by the excellence of his pub
lished articles, he soon took a leading position ainong his
brethren, and was appointed to several of the most promi
nent churches witiiin Ihe limils of the Conference to vvhich
he belonged. Quite early in his rainislry he became the re
cipient of the honoraiy degree of M. A. In 1856 he was
called to ihe editorship of the Northwestern Christian Ad
vocate, made vacant by ihe dealh of Rev. James V. Watson;
and within a brief period succeeded in swelling the sub
scription list from 11,000 to over 30,000. In the slavery
controversy in the Methodist Church, X'ne Northwestern look
a decided and an extremely radical ihough justifiable jiosi
tion. In Ihis course Ihe organ was fully sustained, the
Methodists of the Northwest entering the General Conference
of i860 as an unit for the radical ecclesiastical legislation
concerning slavery there accomplished. His first editorial
on national affairs, which attracted general attention, was an
elaborate review of Ihe Dred Scott decision. Subsequentiy,
when Southern persecutions of loyal Melhodist ministers
vvere proceeding to extremities,. he addressed, through the
N'orthwester7i, a powerful and stinging letter to James
Buchanan, then in the Presidential chair. That letter was
everywhere read wilh intense interest, and so well did it
recite issues, recount indignities, and point the contrast be
tween wrongs and rights, that it was widely copied liy scores
of newspapers, and reprinted as a carapaign document.
During the war the Nortlnuestern Christian Advocate was,
in its influential sphere, thoroughly radical, and when armed
conflict became inevitable, advocated Ihe policy of a vigorous
and uncomproraising prosecution of Ihe contest. In addi
tion to his labors as editor, his services during the vvar in
jiroraoting the interests of the Christian and Sanitary Cora
raissions were not inconsiderable, allhough he decUned to
enter exclusively into their service as lecturer or agent. - He
lectured repeatedly upon the vital issues of Ihe struggle,
and so highly appreciated were his inspiring words, that
vvhen he tendered his services in the field to Governor
Yates, he was urged to retain the post where he vvas ren
dering such efficient service to the cause of the Union.
His two voluraes of war history, entitled " The Palriolism
of Illinois," are valuable contributions to Ihe literature called
forth by the rebellion. At the conclusion of the war he
returned lo his work as an editor and minister. As a pulpit
orator he is ready, clear and effective, and although popular
as a lecturer, he yet, from choice, gives his voice and strength
lo the minister's raore arduous but more sacred caUing.
Upon two occasions he received Ihe tender of a Congres
sional nomination, but in each instance declined, preferring
to remain aniong the people, and to labor with them and
for Ihem,. as a minister of Christ.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

llOWEN, CHAUNCEY T., Merchant, was born in
Manheim, Herkimer county, Nevv York, August
151I1, 1832. His parents, Stephen Bowen and
Lucinda Bowen, were members of a society almost
wholly composed of farmers. At the age of
twelve he left his home to attend school in Fair
field, where he reniained one terra. Returning horae he
spent a few months on Ihe paternal farm, and Ihen entered
the store of his brother, James H. Bowen, in Antwerp, Jef
ferson counly. New York, where he was employed during
the ensuing eighteen months. Laler he became a clerk in
a store at Little Falls, where he reraained one year. At the
expiration of that time he reraoved lo Chicago, where he
enlered the service of N. H. Wood, and before he had been
in his employ three raonths was placed at the head of the
establishraent. The proprietor was absent the greater part
of the tirae and Ihe whole responsibility rested upon hira ;
he gave his personal attention to eveiy departraent. of the
business, and was at once cashier, book-keeper, and head
salesraan. The salary for Ihe first year had been fixed at
two hundred doUars, but -at the end of the year he found
six hundred dollars credited to his account, while at the
same time his salary was raised without solicitation to one
thousand dollars. N. H. Wood, retiring from business in
1853 he was succeeded by -Mills, Bowen & Dillingbeck, the
members of the firra being D. H. Mills, George S. Bowen,
Chauncey T. Bowen, and Stejihen Dillingbeck. In 1856
the firra was succeeded by the faraous house of Bowen Bro
thers, of which George S. Bowen and Chauncey T. Bowen
were the copartners. In July, 1857, their oldest brother,
Jaraes H. Bowen, carae from Albany, New Y'ork, and asso
ciated hiraself vvith them. For one period of three years
the sales amounted to .more Ihan fifteen millions of dollars.
After retiring from business the firm of Bowen Brothers
erected one of Ihe finest raercantile blocks in Ihe ciiy of
Chicago. He js a raember of the Grace Episcopal Church.
He vvas manied at Watertown in 1861 to Theresa Ii.
Dewey, daughter of the late Dr.' Dewey, of Antwerp, New
York. His only child, Frederick C. Bowen, was kiUed by
a fall when only six years of age.

HURLBURT, STEPHEN A., Lawyer and Con
gressman, was born in Charieston, Soulh Caro
lina, on Noveraber 2gth, 1815. He received a
thorough and liberal education, and in due time
choosing the law as his profession, began its
study. liaving been admitted lo the bar in 1837
he removed lo Illinois and seltied at Belvidere, where he
has since resided. He early look an .active part in political
discu.ssion, and in 1847 was elected on the Whig ticket to
the Constitutional Convention of the Stale. In Ihe follow
ing year he was chosen Presidential Elector on the same
ticket. Some years later he was brought forward for t]ie '

State Legislature, in which hp served during the sessions
of 1859, 1861 and 1867. He was again chosen a Presiden
tial Elector on Ihe Republican ticket of 1868, having natur
ally gravitated from the Whig to the Republican parly on
the organization of the latler. On Ihe outbreak of Ihe war
he at once took up arras on behalf of the Union, and re
ceived the appointment of Brigadier-General of Volunteers,
dating frora May 27th, 1861. He commanded Ihe 4lh Di
vision at Pittsburgh Landing in 1862. Promoted to the
rank of Major-General in September, 1862, he was assigned
to the coramand of the l6lh Army Corps at Memphis, and
to.the command ofthe Army of Ihe Gulf in 1864-65. He
'was honorably mustered out in July, 1865. From 1869 to
1872 he was Minister Resident to the Uniled Slates of Co
lombia, and was elected to the Forty-third Congress on Ihe
Republican ticket frora the Fourlh District of Illinois, cora
prising Boone, De Kalb, Kane, McHenry and Winnebago
counties. He received 15,532 votes, against 5,134 cast for
S. E. Bronson, Liberal and Deraocrat.

ALLANCE, CHARLES, Lawyer, was born No
vember lolh, 1800, at Silver Springs, Madison
counly, Kentucky. The family originaUy came
from Durhara, England, to this country nearly Iwo
hundred years ago, and settled in Virginia, near
Culpepper Court House. His grandfalher, Charles
Ballance, was killed in the Revolutionaiy war. His falher,
Willis, married Rejoice Greene, the daughter of a well-
known family of that name in Virginia. For his early edu
cation Charles was entirely dependent on himself, and to
secure Ihe raeans lo further extend his knowledge, he taught
school during the winler months. In 1831 he became one
of the early settlers of Peoria, IlUnois, and having by close
application qualified himself for Ihe practice of law, he soon
acquired an excellent reput.ation, and becarae particularly
prorainent for his action in Ihe long pending conlrover.sy
known as the " French Claims." This ease being one of
historical interest, a brief outline may not be superfluous.
Peoria, from 1680 to 1812, had been a trading-post ofthe
French settlers. They clairaed no government title lo Ihe
land, but siraply occupied it as squatters. During the war
of 1812 the village vvas destroyed and entirely forsaken, no
trace of the inhabitants being left. During the years 1817
and 1818 Ihe surveys Ihat were raade in ihat section by Ihe
United States governraent embraced Ihe abandoned settle
ment, and the land, being pre-empted, was purchased and
iraproved by Araerican settlers. After they had become
valuable, the heirs of many of Ihe old French squatters
returaed, and laid claim lo Ihe lands. This was Ihe com
mencement of the memorable litigations known as the
" French Claims,'' which embarrassed land lilies in Peoria
for a period of thirty years. When this controversy arose,
the American settlers had been in possession long enough

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

481

to claim protection under the statute of liraitation, even
had their lities been irajierfect. Mr. Ballance being largely
interested, becarae the champion of the American claimants,
and nobly contested their rights for many years. Allhough
opposed by the ablest legal talent of the counlry, he main
tained his position entirely by his individual exertions, and
when defeated in the local courts he carried his case to the
Supreme Court of the Uniled Slates. His efforts were ulti
mately successful and the French claimants were completely
defeated. Plis marked abilily in these eases placed him in
the front rank of the legal profession in Illinois, on all
points pertaining to titles of real estate. In politics he was
originally a Whig, afterwards a Republican, and was in 1855
elecled Mayor of Peoria. Al Ihe beginning of the lale war,
notwithstanding he was Ihen sixly years of age, he organ
ized a regiment and was coraraissioned as ils Colonel,
although he did not enter active service. He enjoyed con
siderable reputation as a writer, and comraenced ihe writing
of a history of the progress of Peoria frora the time of the
French arrivals in 1673. He was engaged on this work at
the time of his dealh, which occurred on August loth,
1872. He was beloved and highly esteeraed by all who
knew hira, and allhough possessing considerable wealth,
was opposed lo display, was siraple in his tastes, and of
kindly disposition. In 1835 he was raarried to Julia
Schnebly.

> ITCHELL, ALFRED, Lawyer, was born on
March 29lh, 1820, in Palestine, Crawford counly,
Illinois. His early education was such as he
could obtain at a coraraon country school, his
attendance even at ihat institution being limited
to the winter months, as his summers were de
voted to. working on a farra. As he grew older, however,
his opportunities enlarged soraewhat, and in his sevenleenlh
and eighteenth years he had the advantage of three terras
at the Indiana State University, and in his nineteenth year
he attended the acaderay at HUlsboro', Illinois, where he
reraained a year. After this he commenced the reading of
law, which he continued with diligence until he was quali
fied for admission lo the bar. He then procured his
license in December, 1841, and in Ihe month of June fol
lowing coraraenced the practice of his profession in Olney,
Richland counly, Illinois. In January, 1843, he was
elected State's Attorney for the Fourth Judicial District,
and was re-elected to the office in 1845, ^"'i continued to
hold the position for a period of len years. In the year
1847 he was a raember of the Constitutional Convention of
IlUnois. In l84g he was chosen Judge of Richland county,
and in l85g was made Judge of the Twenty-fifth Judicial
Circuit. He has not been without journalistic experience,
and assisted to establish and edit Ihe first paper pubUshed
in Olney. He assisted also to organize and sustain the
RepubUcan parly there in 1-85,6, being one of Ihe twenty-
61

nine who dared lo vole Ihe Republican ticket al the Presi
dential eleclion in Ihat year. He vvas a corporate member
of Ihe Ohio & Mississippi RaUroad Company, and was
subsequently a Direclor of the company. lie aided actively
in procuring the charter of Ihe company and in construct
ing Ihe road from Cincinnati lo St. Louis. On June 27th,
1844, he was married lo Mary J. Chubb, at Lawrenceville,
and he re.noved to Galesburg, Knox counly, Illinois, i:a
June, 1866.

ULLER, SAMUEL WORCESTER, Lawyer, was
born in Hardwick, Caledonia counly, Vermont,
April 25lh, 1822. His falher, Sarauel Fuller,
was a New England farraer of lirailed raeans.
His mother, Martha (Worcester) Fuller, vvas one
of a large family of children, several of whom
-arrived at considerable distinction ; one, a successful lawyer,
represented his district in Congress ; another was the emi
nent scholar and lexicographer, the compiler of " Worces
ter's Dictionary " and olher works of acknowledged value.
Until about twenty years of age Samuel remained at home,
leading Ihe ordinary routine life of a New England farmer's
son, and attending at intervals the schools localed in the
vicinity of his horae. He then resolved to embrace the
legal profession, and in order to prepare himself for the bar
entered in 1842 Ihe office of Judge Bartlett, one of the
leading practitioners of the Stale. He raaintained himself
in the raeantirae by teaching school, and also by securing
the aid of several friendly neighbors who had laken an
interest in his welfare. In 1847 he was adraitted to the
bar, and coraraenced the practice ofhis profession in Clare
raont, Sullivan counly, New Harapshire, where he remained
until 1850, when, desiring a wider field for the exercise of
his energies, he removed to Illinois, "and settled first at
Pioneer, afterward at Pekin. His struggles wilh the
adverse circumstances that surrounded his early life, and
his continued ill heallh, would have crushed a less sanguine
disposition, and il was only by Ihe constant employment of
a strong will power that he vvas enabled lo surmount the
many obstacles placed in his way by lack of weallli and
vigorous heallh. His final success, and the honorable dis
tinction won by tireless appUcation, raay be ciled as a
laudable exaraple — one that should be followed by all labor
ing under similar embarrassing conditions. Young and
comparatively unknown in his new horae, he rapidly at
tracted the favorable allenlion of the bar and Ihe general
comraunily, and won Ihe respect and friendship of his asso
ciates. Araong those were Purple, since Judge of the
Suprerae Court of Illinois; Davis, since Judge of the
United States Supreme Court; Browning, sinee Secretary
of Ihe Interior; and Lincoln, afterward President of ihe
Uniled Stales. So rapidly did he win his way lo public
confidence, that vvhen nominaled- by Ihe Democratic party,
of which he was a pronounced and outspoken member, as

482

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

candidale for Ihe Stale Senate, although his district usually
gave a large Whig majority, he was elected. He soon
becarae a leading meraber of this public body, and acted as
Chairraan of the Judiciary Committee. In 1867 he was
invited by Mr. Scararaon to come to Chicago and take
charge of the lavv business of Scammon & McCagg, who
were about to absent themselves for a time frora the conduct
of their affairs. After estabUshing himself in Chicago, he
devoted his time and attention entirely to his profession,
ignoring politics except when the more important questions
were agitated. As a lawyer he was noted particulariy for
his power in bringing to bear on all cases intrusted lo his
care a remarkable clearness of thought which enabled hira
to grasp at once ihe leading features, and present Ihera,
divested of all extraneous raatter, with an admirable force
and directness. In addition lo his varied store of legal
' knowdedge, he possessed a wide acquaintance with general
literature, Ihe drama, poetry, and belles lettres. He died
in 1873, in the prirae of Ufe, keenly regretted by all that
knew him ; his last argument having been delivered while
sitting in a chair ; and allhough loo weak to stand erect on
that occasion, his language and logic alike were clear, con
cise, and forcible to an erainent degree.

'' OLTON, CHAUNCEY S., Merchant and Capitial-
ist, vvas born in Springfield, Luzerne county, Penn
sylvania, Septeraber 2lst, 1800, being the son of
Justin and Abigail (SUI) Colton, who vvere both
natives of Nevv England. They returned to
Massachusetts from Pennsylvania shortly after
the birth of Chauncey S. He was educated in the coraraon
schools of that Slate, and in 1820 moved lo Maine, where
five years laler he was married to Emily H. McLanathan, a
native of Massachusetts. In 1833 he moved to Galesburg,
Illinois, vvhich at that lirae was a wilderness. Here he
built a slore and filled il with Ihe first slock of goods brought
to- that section of Illinois. He continued in Ihis raercantile
business for thirty years, during which tirae a town grew
up about him, and what was once a wilderness had been
turned by energy and enterprise into a rich farming section.
As his two sons becarae of age they were associated wilh
hira, and one of Ihera novv carries it on. Mr. Colton has
been active at all tiraes in developing Ihe resources of Ihe
county in which he resides, and has taken a deep interest
in the progress of jiopular education. He is one of the
Trustees of Knox College, and has given a great deal of
his lirae and energy to promoting the jirosperity of Ihat fine
coUegiate institution, pie was one of the originators of the
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy RaUroad, and since its
organizalion he has been one of its Directors. Ils preseni
charier was obtained by him, and to his energy, enterjirise,
and exceUent judgment the road is indebted for its career
of substantial prosperity. Though seventy-five years of age

he is still hale and hearty, and actively supervises the many
business inleresis in which he has invested and which have
become the source of an ample fortune. He enjoys the
esteem of Ihe entire coraraunity for his integrity and jiublic
spirit, and for social qualities which render his companion
ship most agreeable.

^ CHOLFIELD, HON. JOHN, Judge of the Su
preme Court of Illinois, son of Thomas and Rulh
(Beauchamp) Scholfield, was bora August Ist,
1834, in Clark counly, Iliinois, where he re
ceived his education, and also in 1853 com
menced reading law. Subsequentiy he entered
the law dejiartraent ofthe Louisville University, frora which
he graduated in the spring of 1856. He commenced Ihe
praclice of his profession at Marshall, Clark county, his
present place of residence, and the same year, at the fall
election, he was chosen State Attorney for the Fourth
Judicial Circuit, an office he filled with great acceptability
for four years. In i860 he was elecled as a Douglas Dem
ocrat lo represent Clark county in the lower House of Ihe
Legislalure, where he served one term. In l86g he was
chosen as delegate from Clark and Cumberland counties to
the Constitutional Convention, and in June, 1873, was
elected for the unexpired terra of six years of Judge Thorn-
Ion, of the Second Judicial Dislrict, vvho had resigned.
This district coraprises the counties of Clark, Crawford,
Lawrence, Richland, Clay, Jasper, Curaberland, Effinghara,
Marion, Shelby, Christian, Fayette, Bond, Madison, Jersey,
Calhoun, Green, Montgoraery, and Macoupin. Judge
Scholfield is the youngest raan on the Suprerae Bench, and
is considered by all who know him to "be a very able and
well-read member of the profession. In 1859 he was mar
ried to Eraily J. Bartlett, of Clark county, Illinois.

YMAN, HENRY M., M. D., of Chicago, was
bora at liilo, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands, Novem
ber 26lh, 1835. Iiis father, David Belden
Lyman, is at present Principal of the Native Mis
sionary liigh School, having gone there in the
year 1 83 1; making forty-four years that he has
occujiied this position. His mother, Sarah Joyner, vvas of
Royalton, Vermont. Plenry M. Lyman carae to the United
Slales in 1854, and entered Williaras College, Massachu
setts, graduating from there in the year 1858. lie acquired
his medical education at the. Physicians' and Surgeons'
College of New York, where he graduated in 1861, after
which he occupied the position of House Surgeon at BeUe
vue Plospital for one year. In AprU, 1862, he entered the
United Slates array in the capacity of Assistant Surgeon,
serving as such until February, 1S63, when, retiring from
the array, he located in Chicago, his present home. In

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

483

1869 he was chosen Professor of Cheraistry for Rush Medi
cal CoUege, a position he slill occupies. He is a raember
of bolh the Chicago and Slate Medical Societies. For two
years he has edited Ihe Chicago Medical Journal, and also
contributes regulariy to the medical press. Pie was married
May 27th, 1863, to Sarah K., daughter of Rev. E. W.
Clark, who was one of the earliest missionaries to the Sand
wich IsLands.

Il OUGLAS, ROBERT, Nurseryman, was born in
Gateshead, comity of Durham, England, on April
20lh, 1813. His parenls were Robert Douglas
and AUce (Hall) Douglas. In 1836 he emigr.ated
to Canada, where he reraained sorae two years,
visiting Quebec, Toronto, and Montreal. Two
years later he reraoved to the Unfted Stales and located al
first in New York Slate and subsequently in Verraont. In
the spring of 1844, having deterrained to settle perraanentiy
in Ihe West, in which anijile opportunity existed for Ihe
successful carrying on of his vocation of a nurseryman and
grower of fruit and ornamental trees, he localed at 'Wauke
gan, IlUnois, and after engaging for a lime in general busi
ness, he at length, in 1847, successfully established himself
as a grower of and dealer in trees. At first he engaged in
a general nursery business, including every kind of both
fruit and ornamental trees ; but after a lirae he decided to
confine his attention entirely to the growing of evergreens
or coniferous trees, to which department his business ha,s
now (1875) been exclusively confined for raore than twenty
years. His Iwo sons have been admitted into partnership,
and the firra of Robert Douglas & Sons is now known
throughout the counlry as the largest establishraent of the
kind in the Union. They own several hundreds of acres in
the neighborhood of Waukegan, which are mostly devoted
to Ihe growing of evergreens, and iheir regular custoraers
are found in every Slate from Maine to California. Mr.
Douglas is one of the earliest settlers in Lake counly, and
has contributed greatly to the jirospirily and progress of that
beautiful section of Ihe West, in which he is very justly
highly regarded. In June, 1874, he was elected Presideni
of the IlUnois Stale Horticultural Society. He was married
in 1845 to Sylvia Wheeler, daughter of John Wheeler,
farmer, of Whitinghara, Vermont.

f cDOWELL, JOHN R., M. D., son of Reuben R.
and Rulh M. (Reynolds) McDowell, was born in
Lewislown, Illinois, in 1842. His father is an
old raedical practitioner slill actively engaged in
his profession and enjoying an excellent reputa
tion. He educated his son in the select schools
and seminaries near home. In 1 861 John entered the army
as private in Ihe I7lh Illinois Volunteers, and was soon

after engaged as Hospital Druggist, il becoming known
that previous to entering the anny he had been reading
medicine wilh his father. In August, 1862, he was ap
pointed Hospital Steward ; in this cajiacily he served until
1864, after whieh he acted as Assistant Surgeon until the
close of the war. Reluming home he resuraed the study
of medicine with his father, then entered Rush Medical
College of Chicago, graduating from that institution in the
spring of 1866, ancl has since been an active worker, being
professionally associated wilh his falher. He is a raeraber
of the Fulton Counly Medical Society, an excellent surgeon,
and pays particular attention lo diseases of woraen.

TROWER, THOMAS B., M. D., President of the
Moultrie Counly Bank, Vice-President of the
First National Bank of Charleslon, was born in
Alberaarle county, Virginia, Noveraber 15th,
1806. His parents, who vvere natives of Vir
ginia, raoved lo Kenlucky al an early day. Plis
falher died in 1816, leaving a vvife and nine children in
straitened circurastanees. Thoraas's earlier years were
passed in working on a farm and in attending school. At
the age of nineteen he commenced the sludy of medicine
under Drs. Bearaiss and Merryfield, of Bloomfield, Ken
tucky, witii whora he remained as a medical student for
about three years. During a jiortion of this tirae he was
engaged in teaching school. In 1830 he removed to Illi
nois, locating himself at Shelbyville, where he began Ihe
practice of his profession, in vvhich he conlinued during the
following six years. Plis business in course of time grew
inconveniently large, and in order to free hiraself from its
raany cares and responsibilities he removed to Charleston
and Ihere engaged in merchandising, a business for which
he had always entertained a strong liking. At Ihe expira
tion of three years, not having met witii the desired success,
he resumed the practice of niedicine at Charleston, and
since then has devoted to it almost his entire attention.
For the jiast fifteen years he has been assisted by his son in
law. Dr. Silverthorn, vvho now bears the chief burden of an
extensive bu.sine5s. Plis circuit extended, in earlier days,
thirty miles in every direction, and was visited by him in
Ihe saddle, his routes lying often through wild and desolate
Iracls beset with perils of various kinds. His acquaintance
with Ihe pioneers and settiers of Ihis section of Illinois
embraced all the more prominent inhabitants, and for the
majority of them he was family physician. He was a mem
ber of the Eberlean Medical Society, and is a raeraber of
Ihe Wabash Esculapian Society, and a raeraber also of the
State Medical Society. In 1834-35-36 he represented
Shelby county in the State Legislature, and in 1847 was a
delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Also, at the
present tirae, he is the President of the Moultrie County
Bank, and the Vice-President of the First National Bank

484

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of Charieston. He was raarried Deceraber 22d, 183 1, to
Polly Ann Culler, of Shelbyville, daughter of Judge Jacob
Culler, and has two boys and three girls. He has been the
preceptor of six young physicians, all of whom have suc
ceeded notably in their profession : Dr. G. S. Bayley, of
Iowa; Dr. George W. Culler, of Buriington, Iowa; Dr.
McLean, of Grafton, since deceased; Dr. J. M. Walker, of
Charleslon ; Dr. S. Van Meter, and Dr. Silverthorn, also of
Charleston. ^ATTERSON, THEODORE IL, M. D., Pharma
cist, was born in Eaton, Lo/aine county, Ohio,
November 24lh, 1S40, and was accordingly
brought up on the Western Reserve during the
exciting days of the Fugitive Slave Law, and in
the line of a prosperous division of the great
Underground Railroad. His falher vvas Hiram Patterson,
direct descendant of the original raember of the family, who
eraigrated to this counlry frora Scotland in 1685, as is
shown by the records of a genealogy in process of corapila-
lion by Mr. Patterson. He attended Ihe coramon schools
and worked upon the farm ; Ihen graduated from Ihe High
School at Elyria, Ohio, after vvhich he taught school for
four winters. Iiis attention having been turned lo raedi
cine, he began ils study under his uncle. Dr. R. J. Patter-
Son, now of Batavia, Illinois, pursuing the sarae under Dr.
Brooke, his mother's brother. He attended Ihree courses
of lectures in Cleveland and one in Rush Medical College
of Chicago, and graduated in 1863 at the Charity Ho.spitaI
of Ihe Medical College of Cleveland-. He then iraraedi
ately enlered the array as Assistant Surgeon of the 187th
Ohio Regiraent, anel in the course of three months was pro
moted lo the rank of Surgeon ; officiating in this capacity,
mainly in hospital work, until the close of the vvar. A few
months laler he returned to Chicago, abandoned the prac
tice of medicine, and enlered Ihe retail drug business, estab
lishing a new .stand, in vvhich he is slill engaged and has
been decidedly successful. He vvas married February 24lh,
1870, to Laura Waggener, of Blooraington, Illinois, by
whora he has Iwo sons. Though one of ils youngest raera
bers he stands high in the pharraaceulieal profession, being
meraber of the Chicago College of Pharmacy, also of its
Board of Trustees .and of ils Publishing Committee. At
one time he occupied Ihe position of President of the
coUege. I INCLETON, PION. J. W., was born in Virginia,
where he also acquired his earlier education.
At the age of seventeen years he reraoved lo
Indiana, where he reraained for one year. He
then seltied in Schuyler county, Illinois, where
he vvas teraporarily occupied in the practice of
raedicine, and also applied himself to the study of law.
Afterward he becarae a successful farmer, and vvhile em

ployed in agricultural pursuits was twice elected to the
Legislature. He acted also as a nieinber of the Constitu
tional Convention of 1 8^; 9, from Brown county. During
the Mormon troubles at Nauvoo City, Hancock county, he
was placed in charge of a railitary force by Ihe Governor,
and remained at the seat of disorder until all difficulties
were satisfactorily settled. Owing to his labors on that
occasion he received the title of General, a cognomen by
which he is widely and farailiarly known. In 1852 he set
tled in Quincy, vvhere he has since perraanentiy resided.
Pie was one of the early advocates of railroads, was ex
treraely active in securing for Quincy the raany advantages
resulting frora systeraatized rail facilities, and singly and
alone constructed the road frora Carap Point to the Illinois
river, at Meredosia, Morgan county, an enterprise so thickly
beset wilh diffictllties that none but one possessing his in
doraitable energy and perseverance could have brought it to
a successful conclusion. There are also several other ira;
portant lines which have been constructed and organized
under his supervision, and Quincy is to-day largely indebted
to hira for her railroad facilities. Honestly and conscien
tiously opposed to Ihe late war, and denying its rightful
ness, he declined raany enviable positions in the army, and
having been a warra and intiraate friend of Abraham Lin
coln, was at his request induced to visit Richmond, where he
sought ardently and persistently to effect a reconciliation of
jarring interests and conflicting principles. His missions
to the Confederacy for the purpose of averting the impend
ing conflict are now matters forming part of our national
history. Four limes he repaired to the Soulhern capital,
and four tiraes, baffled by inappeasable sectional animosity,
relurned wilh a useless olive branch. He served three
terms in Ihe Legislalure, representing Adams county, and
vvhile acting wdth that body accorajilished rauch for his con
sliluency, and efficiently furthered the inleresis confided to
his care. In the fall of 1868 he was unanimously nomi
nated as the Democratic candidate of the Fourlh Congres
sional District of Illinois. On this occasion, notwithstanding
his exceeding jiersonal popularity, and although he led his
ticket ih nearly every townshiji, he failed to secure an elec
tion, the dislrict being influenced almost entirely by Repub
lican sentimenls. Since that period he has devoted himself
lo his extensive farming interests, while aiding also any and
all improvements promising to advance the welfare of the
community amid vvhich he is an honored member. Prior
lo his nomination he constructed, in 1867, the Quincy Fair
Grounds, and recently has become the sole proprietor of
Ihis valuable properly, which he intends to improve and
decorate in order to iiiiike it an ornamental as well as useful
adjunct lo Ihe town. He is a raan of versatile powers,
enlerjirising and public-spirited, ever anxious to assist in
any laudable movement, and a liberal helper wherever and
whenever his means and energies can be fruitfully employed.
Pie vvas married in 1844 t° Parthenia McDonald, of Ken
tucky.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

485

HOFFMAN, FRANCIS A., Fire Insurance and
Foreign Exchange Operator, and ex-Lieulenanl-
Governor of Illinois, was bom at Plerford, in
Prussia, in 1822. His father vvas a bookseller.
He was educated at the Frederick William Gym
nasium, in his native town. He left Prussia for
America in 1839, being Ihen but seventeen years of ace.
He reached New York penniless, but, having borrowed
eight dollars frora a friend in that city, slarled for Chicago,
which vvas then beginning to be a thriving viUage. At the
termination of a long and tedious journey in freight boats
on the Hudson river and Erie canal, and in a sniall
schooner on the lakes, he arrived at the desired point.
After seeking vainly better eraployment, he vvas constrained
to accept the position of boolblack at the Lake Plouse,
then the leading hotel of Ihe place. A month laler he
accepted an offer to teach a sraall German school at what
was then called Dunkley's Grovr, now the town of Addi
son, Du Page counly, at a salary of forty dollars per year,
with the privilege of " boarding round " among the parents
of his pupils. He was afterward ordained as a minister by
the Lutheran Synod of Michigan, and in this capacity
labored faithfully and efficiently for a period of ten years,
the district of his services erabracing Chicago and olher
parts of Cook county, also the counties of Du Page and
WiU, and Lake counly, in Indiana. While engaged in his
work as rainister he look quite an active interest in all
public affairs, and was elected lo represent Du Page counly
in the famous River and Harbor Convention, which was
held in Chicago in 1847. On account of faUing health "he
resigned his ministerial charge, and in 1852 removed lo
Chicago, entering the law office of Calvin De Wolf as a
legal student. In 1853 he was elected Alderraan for what
was then the Eighth Ward. After having become suffi
ciently versed in Ihe law to answer a purpose he had in
view, he established himself in the real eslate business, in
which he was very successful. This he continued 'until
1854, when he opened a banking house, an enterpri-ie
which was conducted prosperously until 1861, when his
firra, Hoffman & Gelpcke, in corapany wilh many olher
banking institutions of Chicago, was forced to raake an
assignment in consecjuence of the financial panic vvhich re
sulted from the outbreak of the rebelUon, and the downfall
of what vvas known as Ihe " Slump-tail " State currency.
Devoting his time and attention then to public affairs and
in endeavoring lo redeem his financial losses, the ensuing
few years were limes of great activity and tireless effort ;
finally he engaged in the business of fire insurance and
foreign exchange, in which he met with success. He was
among the first of the leading Gerraans of the Northwest lo
espouse and advocate the Anti-slavery cause, and while en
gaged in preaching wrote editorials for the first Gerraan
paper, a weekly, published in Chicago. He frequently
wrote also for the Chicago Democrat, chiefiy, however,
translations frora the Gerraan. During the triangular

Presidential contest of 1848 he was an active and earnest
meraber of the Free-Soil parly, and supported Martin Van
Buren for Ihe Presidency, and during Ihe Nebraska-Kansas
movement look a vigorous part in opposition lo the attempt
to fasten slavery upon those Territones. In 1S56 the Anti-
slavery Convention of Cook county unanimously recom
mended hira to the consideration of Ihe State as Ihe can
didate for Lieutenant-Governor ; and Ihe Stale Convention,
raeeting at Blooraington, norainated Bissell for Governor
and hira for Lieulenant-Governor, a step laken notwith
standing his expressed request lo Ihe contrary. Il was
subsequently ascertained, however, Ihat he was disqualifled,
not having been fourteen years a citizen, as required by the
Constilution, and he therefore insisted upon the withdrawal
of his name from the ticket. During thai Presidential ar.d
gubematorial campaign, Fremont being then the candidale
for President, he canvassed all parls of the Stale, address
ing meetings in the Gerraan and English languages alraost
every day. Four years afterward the RepubUcan Slate
Convention, at Decatur, again nominated him for Lieuten
ant-Governor, by acclamation, on the ticket wilh Hon.
Richard Yates for Governor. Owdng to his disinclination
for the office and his ill heallh he at first refused to accej-it
the nomination, but finally, at the urgent request of his
friends in all parls of Ihe Stale, concluded to accept the
candidacy, and together wilh Ihe entire Presidential ticket,
headed by Abrahara Lincoln, and the Stale ticket, was tri
umphantiy elecled. Pie filled Ihe office of Lieutenant-
Governor from 1861 to 1865, and as President of the
Senate performed his important duties vvith unquestioned
abUily. On the closing day of the session of 1865 the fol
lowing resolution, offered by Senator Greene, of Alexander
county, a political opponent, was passed unanimously :
" Resolved, Ihal Ihe unaniraous thanks of Ihe Senale are
justiy due, and are hereby tendered lo Lieutenant-Gover
nor Hoffman, for the dignified, able and impartial manner
in whieh he has uniformly presided over the deliberations
of this assembly during his term of office." When Lincoln
vvas nominaled for re-eleclion to the Presidency, in 1865,
he was unanimou.sly nominated by Ihe Republican Con
vention as candidate for Presidential Elector of the State at
Large, and was intrusted by the Republicen State Central
Coraraittee with the chief manageraent of Ihe carapaign.
In 1S66 his Republican friends in the Senatorial district
coraprising the counties of Du Page, Kane and De Kalb
desired to norainate hira for Senator, but he withdrew his
narae while the balloting was in progress in the convention.
While engaged in the banking business he annually pub
Ushed at his ovvn expense a review of the trade, comraerce
and finances of Chicago, and scattered over five thousand
copies of each issue throughout different parts of Europe.
Large suras of raoney were invested by him for foreign
account, lo assisi property-holders here in the erection of
buildings. During that period he was appointed Consul
for the United Stales, in Chicago, for several German

486

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

States ; and several years ago acted as Commissioner of the
Foreign Land Deparlment of Ihe Illinois Central Railroad
Corapany. He was raarried in 1844 t° Cynthia Gilbert,
and by her had seven children, four of whom are living.

'HIPMAN, GEORGE E., M. D., was bora in the
city of Nevv York, March 4lh, 1820. His father,
George P. Shipraan, was a Wall street banker,
esteemed for ability and probity ; descended from
Connecticut Puritans, he inherited the prudence,
enlerprise and rectitude which characterized the
Pilgrim fathers of New England. His mother, Eliza
(Payson) Shipraan, was a sister of Rev. Dr. Edward
Payson, the distinguished divine, whose eloquence and
piety shed such lustre on the New England pulpit in the
early part of the present century. At the early age of
thirteen George was prepared for eollege, having raade
himself familiar with the various branches of a good
English education and with the rudiraents of Latin, Greek
and matheraatics. In his fifteenth year he entered Middle
bury College, Verraont, where he remained for a year and
a half returning subsequentiy to his native city to comjilele
his studies. He afterward entered the Universily of the
city of Nevv York, as a sojihoraore, and in i83g graduated
wilh high honors. Deciding lo erabrace Ihe raedical pro
fession, he becarae a student in the office of Dr. A. C. Post,
a leading surgeon of New York, vvhere he remained during
the ensuing four years, graduating at the New Yorle College
of Physicians and Surgeons in 1843. He then removed to
Peoria, Illinois. During his student days he had given to
Ihe various medical schools, especially the allopathic and
homoeopathie, a careful examination ; and after learning
their peculiarities, theoretic and practical, heartily indorsed
Ihe system of medical practice taught by Hahneraann.
There were at this time but few farailies in Peoria who pre
ferred homoeopathy, and even those looked wilh distrust
upon him, deeming him too young and inexperienced.
Bul, rapidly overcoming all prejudices, he was building up
an exiensive praclice, when his health failed and he was
compelled to abandon teraporarily his jirofessional labors.
He then reraoved to Andover, Pleniy counly, Illinois,
vvhere he purchased a farm and engaged in agricultural
pursuils. In 1846, having regained his heallh and become
more robust than ever, he prepared to resurae the praclice
of medicine. Reraoving lo Chicago, he rapidly acquired
an exiensive and lucrative business. At Ihis lirae Ihere
was a pressing deniand for a medical journal which should
be devoted to the defence and promulgation of the prin
ciples of Hahneraann, and his ripe scholarship and noted
abiUty jioinled him out as one pre-eminentiy filled to
assurae its editorial charge. In 1848, accordingly, he took
upon himself the duties connected with the direction of the

Northwestern Journal of Hotnceopathy, which he con
ducted successfully during Ihe succeeding four years. In
1857 Ihe Chicago Hospital was foundecl; the allopathisis
clairaed that it should be under their exclusive medical
control, but the City Council decided to give a part of it
into the hands of the horaceopathists, a proceeding which
occasioned in sorae circles considerable angry corament; he
defended the action of the Council in a very able pamphlet,
entitled " Ploraceopalhy, Allopathy and the City Council."
Again, in 1865, he published a jiaraphlel soraewhat sirailar
in character, entitled "An Ajipeal to Caesar;" in this he
discussed wilh rauch ability the question whether homoe-
opalhisls can rightfully claira the title of physicians. In
May, 1865, he vvas appoinled by the Western Instilute of
Horaceopalhic Physicians, at its raeeting, editor of a new
quarterly to be established at Chicago under the narae of
The United States Medical and Surgical Journal, In
1866 he published a work on domestic medicine, giving
the use of twenty-five principal remedies, entitled " The
Homceopathic Guide." He was educaled in the Presby
terian faith, to which he slill adheres. He was raarried,
April 25th, 1845, in Nevv Haven, to Fanny E. Boardraan,
daughter of Rev. WiUiara J. Boardman, of Northford,
Connecticut, and has eight children, six girls and two boys.

ILLER, H. G., Lawyer, is a highly-respected
member of the Cook county bar. He is an ex
cellent legal scholar, though wiihout making pre
tensions as a profound one. His prorainent and
important characteristic is untiring and unceasing
industry. He works, and works hard for every
thing that he attains, and he attains a great deal. Through
his syslera of hard work he accorajilishes very much that is
irapossible to men more gifted 'by nature and more brilliant
in attainments than he is. He never flies and he never
takes astonishing leaps, but he walks to such excellent
purjiose that he generally reaches the point he starts for.
Patient, plodding, persistent effort is his great resource, and
one Ihat he eraploys most conscientiously, and his prepara
tion of a case may be relied upon as complete, thorough
and exhaustive. He makes no pretensions to being an
accomplished elocutionist, and he h.as no imagination what
ever. He addresses the judge wilh more effect than the
jury. Oddly enough, with his want of imagination, he
still possesses some humor, and the slow characler of his
raoveraents in general does not prevent his displaying rauch
activity and adroitness in changing his position in circum
stances of sudden emergency. But his sagacity is great;
he forecasts with great accuracy, and his position, once
laken, does not often require to be changed. Whatever
he does, he does well. He is about fifty-eight yeais
of age.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

487

IJfJ ITCHELL, JOHN WICKLIFFE, Lawyer, was
born in Palestine, Crawford counly, Illinois, on
the 30lh of May, 1835. ^^^ is the youngest son
qf Wickliff Kilchell, who was one of the
Jiioneers of IlUnois, and who was iiitimalely
identified vvith the early political and legal his
tory, holding, at various limes, llie positions of Attorney-
General, Register of the Land Office, and other important
offices. He lived to the advanced age of eighty years.
The wife of this Western jiioneer was a native of New
Jersey. There they raarried, and shortly afterwards re
moved to Ohio, making the journey in a flat boal, down the
Ohio river, in true pioneer style. The newly-married pair
were among the earliest settlers in Ohio; but after a com
paratively brief residence there, they reraoved lo Indiana,
and thence to Palestine, Illinois, where John was born.
In 1833 his father reraoved to HUlsboro', Illinois, for the
purpose of giving his children the advantages of Ihe
schools at that place, vvhich vvere, fcr that early day in Ihe
history of the .Stale, exceptionally good, and here, at the
academy, Ihe subject of this sketch obtained his education.
After leaving that institution he comraenced the reading
of law wdth Messrs. Miller and Beck, of Fort Madison,
Iowa, to which place his father had raoved in the year
1847, an^jWas admitted to the bar in Iowa. Shortly after
wards he removed lo HUlsboro', Illinois, where he located
himself, and thence he removed to Charleston, in the
same Slate. His new location did not jirove satisfactory,
and he relurned again to Plillsboro', and there he remained
in the practice of his profession unlil the breaking out of
the rebellion. Wilh the war carae new purposes, and he
was one of the first to enlist in the glh Regiraent Illinois
Volunteer Infantry. Pie was made Adjutant of the regi
ment, and subsequently Captain of the corapany in which
he had enlisled. In Ihis position he served until the three
raonths for which he had enlered the service had expired.
At the end of his term he returned to HUlsboro', where he
established and edited the Union Monitor, a pajier devoted
to the interests of Ihe National Union. He conlinued Ihe
issue of this paper until sorae tirae in the year 1864, wdien
he was drafted into the array. He would make no effort
to procure a substitute, and in preference to such a course,
as a raatter of principle to keep good a resolution he had
publicly made, he again entered the ranks and reraained
in the military service until the close of the war. When
peace returned he went back lo HUlsboro', and Ihere re
sumed the practice of the legal profession. He remained
at HUlsboro' until the year 1866, when he reraoved to
Pana, Illinois, at which place he slill reraains. At Pana
he conlinued Ihe practice of Ihe law. He is still devoted
to his profession, giving to it his full tirae and energy,
wilh the one purpose of achieving the highest honorable
success. He is recognized as the leading lawyer of the
flourishing city he has raade his horae, and is truly one
of Pana's representative men. lie has alvvays been raore

or less actively interested in polilics. When he was only
nineteen years of age he weis elecled Assistant Clerk in
the Plouse of Rejiresentatives of Illinois. In the winter
of i860 and 1861 he was Reading Clerk in the Plouse
of Representatives, which jiosition he resigned lo enter
the army, when Ihe first call for troops was made. In the
year 1866 he was Ihe Rejiublican candidale for Ihe Stiate
Senale; .and in 1870 he vvas Ihe candidale of the same
parly for Congress. IL is due to him to Siiy ihat he has
never, in- any instance, sought office, and when he has
accejiled nominations it was because he was held to be
among Ihe strongest men in his parly, a party that has
always been in the minority in that section of Ihe Stale.
Polilics and Ihe legsil profession, however, have not
raonopolized all of his tirae and attention. He has been,
for a considerable portion of his life, interested actively
in jom-nalism. In ihe years 1857 and 1858 he pub
lished and ediled Ihe Monlgomery County Herald, and
after Ihal, in Ihe years 1858 and i85g, he ediled the
Charleston (Illinois) Courier, and still laler, as has already
been said, he conducted the Union Monitor, al HUls
boro'. He married, in tiie year 1862, Mary F. Littie,
of Montgoraery counly, Illinois.

^UGHLETT, SAMUEL, Miner and Sraeller, of
Galena, Illinois, was bom near Nashville, Ten
nessee, February iglh, 1808. He removed lo
Galena about 1835, and engaged Ihere in rain
ing and smelling, and evenlually became the
possessor of about one thousand acres of valu
able mineral lands. He was for some tirae associated in
partnership with Henry Corwith, in the real estate business.
Pie vvas married to Ellen Bonson, who was born in
Feetham, Yorkshire, England, Septeraber I2lh, 1812, and
died at Galena, April loth, 1851. Al his dealh, which
occurred also in Galena, January 2d, 1864, he left a faraily
of six children, a son, Thoraas B. Ilughletl, now prose
cuting the lead smelling business, and five daughters, all
mamed, one of whom, Alice R. Corwith, is the wife of
John E. Corwith, of Galena; Ihe olhers are residents of
Iowa,

ILCOX, COLONEL JOHN S., Lawyer, Soldier,
and Railroad Proraoter, was born in Montgoraery
counly. New York, March i8th, 1833, and is a
son of Elijah WUcox and Sally Schuler. His
father was Inspector-General of New York State
Militia, and a man of considerable note in his
time. In 184-2 the family removed to Illinois, and localed
at Elgin, in Kane counly. His father purchased govem
raent, land, followed the occupation of farraing, and soon
became a very popular man in Ihe comraunily. In 1846

483

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

he was elected Senator to the State Legislature, where he
acquitted himself to the entire satisfaclion of his con
stituents. The subject of this sketch oblained his educa
tion in the coraraon schools of the neighborhood, where,
by close application to study, he laid the foundiation of his
success iu later years. At the age of nineteen years he
left school, and soon after commenced the study of law
with his brother, Ihe Hon. S. Wilcox, whose biographical
sketch appears elsewhere in thii volurae, and was adrailted
to the bar in 1856. He practised law vety successfully
until 1861, at whieh tirae the war brok^ out, and he was
one of Ihe first to respond to his country's call, for men, by
raising a corapany of volunleers for three years service, of
which he was chosen Captain. The company was mustered
in as Corapany K, 52d IlUnois Infantry. , He was soon
after chosen Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiraent, and re
ceived his coraraission in October, l85l. In Ihe fall of
1862 he was proraoted to the rank of Colonel, and held
that position unlil he resigned in 1864. He saw a great
deal of active service during the war, and participated 'm
the battles of Pittsburgh Landing, luka, and Corinth, and
several others of less importance. He was also at the
siege of Corinlh, which occurred previous to the battle
of Corinlh. His regiraent belonged lo the 1st Brigade,
2d Division, and left wing of Ihe i6lh Array Corps. In
the early part of 1864 he vvas placed in coraraand of the
post at Pulaski, Tennessee, and vvas stationed there at the
time of the expiralion of Ihe terra of service, when he
retumed horae with his raen, raany of whom had re-
enlisted, and were allowed a furlough. While at horae
he was induced by Governor Yates to resign his coirimand
and lend his assistance toward the re-election of Abrahara
I^incoln lo the Presidential chair, as ranch anxiety was
felt by the Republicans in reg.ard to the election in the
State of Illinois, and political affairs vvere in a very critical
condition. He accordingly took Ihe slump for this pur
pose, and made many able speeches in various parts of the
State. He was a member of the Republican Stale Central
Committee, and was very active throughout the entire
carapaign. In 1865 he was coramissioned Brevet Brigadier-
General by President Johnson. The same year he was
elected Mayor of Elgin, and resuraed the practiee of his
profession, continuing in it until 1870, when, owing to
iU heallh, he was forced to retire from active business life.
About this time Ihe building of a new raUroad from Elgin
to Chicago vvas contemplated, and he at once took the
position of leader among Ihe people interested in this
project, and labored earnestly to m.ake the road a success.
He becarae a Director and General Solicitor, and occupies
those positions at the present time. The road has ninety
miles of track, and is in a very prosperous condition,
which is due in no smaU degree to his energy and per
severance. In 1856 he was married to Lois A, Conger,
of Galesburg, Knox county, and has three children. Of
the comparatively young raen vvho have won distinction

in the great struggle of life. Colonel Wilcox stands ainong
Ihe foremost. Two of his brothers served with him in Ihe
war, one of whom, Edward S. Wilcox, was Adjutant, and
the olher, W. H. Wilcox, was Captain of Company G;
both belonged to his regiraent, and both were wounded.
Colonel Wilcox has fought his way up to his present
position earnestly and manfully, yet he slill remains one
of tiie people in his sympathies ; and he is, therefore, one
of the best exaraples of the self-made men of our tinies.

ESS, WILLIAM W., Lawyer, was born in Colum
bus, Ohio, November loth, 1837. His father,
Daniel Hess, was originally of Pennsylvania,
and was one of the pioneer settlers of Ohio,
having removed to Ihis State in about 1800, and
engaged in farraing, a pursuit which he followed
unlil his decease; he participaled also in the war of 1812.
His raother, Sarah (Gordon) Hess, a native of Maryland,
raoved wilh her parents to Ohio at a veiy early day. He
was educated at the Dennison Universily, Ohio, and, upon
leaving college, commenced the study of the law under
the guidance of Justice Swayne, now of the Supreme
Court of the United Slales. He attended law lectures at
the Cincinnati Law School, and at the termination of the
usual probationary co.urse was admitted to the bar. In
i860 he entered on Ihe active practice of his profession in
Colurabus, Ohio, where he reniained until 1866, when he
moved to Shelbyville, Illinois, now his horae, where he
has succeeded in building up an extensive and reraunera
tive business. At the present tirae he is Masler in Chan
cery for Shelby county, IlUnois. He was raarried, Decera
ber 3d, 1873, to Illinoi W. Harnett, daughter of Dr.
Harnett, of Shelbyville, Illinois.

ITMER, RICHARD BARR, Merchant, was born
in Lancaster ceunly, Penii-sylvania, August 8lh,
1827. His parents vvere Benjamin Witmer and
Ann (Ferree) Witmer. Pie was Ihe recipient
of a comraon school education. In 1840 he
becarae a clerk in a general store, at Mount Joy,
Pennsylvania, where he remained until l84g. He then
enlered the service of another firm, where he reraained for
one year. In 1850 he removed to Salttnga, Lancaster
county, where, after working as clerk for a few months in
the store of Freeland & Patterson, he purchased the interest
of the former, and was admitted inlo partnership wilh Ihe
remaining partner, Sarauel S. Patterson, a connection which
vvas sustained for a period of five years. In 1855 he dis
posed of his interest by sale, and removed to SterUng,
Illinois, where he shortly afterward entered into partner
ship with his former associate, Samuel S. Patterson, with

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

489

whom he opened a general store, under the style of Patter
son & Winner. This firm conlinued in existence until
1865, when S. S. Piatterson retired, leaving him to prosecute
the business alone, which he carried on until the spring of
1873. It was Ihen changed into an incorjiorated company,
under the Stale Laws, as the " SterUng Mercantile Com
pany," of whieh he became Presideni, T. Y. Davis fiUing
the office of Secretary and Treasurer, and F. E. Johnson
that of Vice-President. At the present lirae the business
of Ihis establishraent is very extensive, their sales araounting
to about a quarter of a raillion of dollars per year.

> ITTOE, EDWARD D., M. D., was born in the
Woolwich Dock-yard, England, June 20lh, 1813.
He is Ihe son of Captain Robinson Kiltoe, Royal
Navy, and Plarriet (Dominicus) Kiltoe. Plis
earlier education was acquired in the grammar
school at Bury St. Edmunds, under Dr. Bloni-
field. He afterward began the study of niedicine at Maid
stone, England, and, arriving in Anierica in iS2g, corapleted
his medical education at Ihe Pennsylvania CoUege, vvhere
he received his degree in 1841. He then jiraclised his
profession in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, until 1851,
at which date he reraoved to Galena, Illinois, where he has
since, wilh sorae exceptions, reraained jirofessionally and
successfully occujiied. In 1850, jirior to his reraoval lo the
West, he became Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Med
ical Society. During the war of the rebelUon he served as
Surgeon in Ihe 45lh Regiraent of Illinois Volunteers; was
attached to the staff of General Sherman and also of Gen
eral Grant, and was appointed Surgeon of the United States
Volunteers under the former at Vicksburg, and Ihe laller at
Chattanooga. March 30tli, 1864, he vvas appoinled Medi
cal Inspector, with Ihe rank of Lieulenant-Colonel; and
Septeraber 30th, 1865, was pronioled to a brevet Colonelcy.
He was raarried in 1837 to Elizabeth Fiester, of Lycoming
county, Pennsylvania.

1 ATES, HON. RICHARD, Lawyer, Wjtr Governor
of Illinois, and Uniled Slates Senator, was born
in Warsaw, GaUatin county, Illinois, January
18th, 1818, and when thirteen years of age re
moved with his falher to Springfield, in the same
Slate. His preliminary education was obtained
in the IlUnois College, at JacksonviUe, from which institu
tion he graduated wilh the class of 1838. He afterward
studied law under the instructions of Colonel J. J. Hardin,
who fell in Ihe war wilh Mexico. Entering upon Ihe prac
tice of his profession, he became a successful panlicipanl in
political affairs, and from 1842 to l84g represented his dis
trict in the Illinois Legislature. In 1850 he received the
Congressional nomination at Ihe Whig Convention, was
62

elected a member of the Thirty-second Congress, and on
taking his seat in that body was found to be ils youngest
raeraber. At the next eleclion, notwithstanding the politi
cal change in his dislrict at the county elections, he w.as
again chosen as a member of the Thirty-third Congress, but
two years subsequently failed to secure a re-election.
While a member of the Plouse he became an earnest oppo
nent of Ihe slave power and of the repeal of the Missouri
Compromise ; evinced great ability and entire fearlessness
in his words and actions, and in numerous ways was im
portantly instrumental in advancing the interests of the
anti-slavery cause. In i860 he was nominated by the
Republican parly as candidate for Governor, and after a
very exciting canvass was triumphantly elected. During
the war of the rebellion he vvas an efficient and indefatiga
ble supporter of Ihe United Slales government, and, by his
well-directed energy and activily in providing fresh relays
of needed Iroops, acquired an enviable position in the ranks
of the " War Governors." April 23d, 1861, he issued ii
proclamation to convene the Legislalure at Springfield for
the purpose of enacting sueh laws and adopting such raeas
ures as were deeraed necessary for Ihe organization and
equipment of the militia of the Slate, and also for the rais
ing of such raoney and olher raeans as were required lo
preserve the Union and enforce the laws. In May, 1861,
he conferred ujion Ulysses S. Grant, then engaged at
Springfield in the organization of the volunteer troops of
IlUnois, the Colonelcy of Ihe 21st Regiraent Illinois In
fantry. May 20th, 1862, he issued a jiroclaraation calling
for recruits lo fill uji the volunteer regiments from Illinois,
and on the following July Illh published a letter to the
President of the United Slates urging the employment of
all available means to crush the rebellion and prevent the
overturning of the Constitution. On one occasion he paid
an unusual but merited compliment to Mrs. Reynolds, wife
of Lieutenant Reynolds, of Company A of the 17th Illinois
Regiraent, of Peoria. She had accompanied her husband
Ihrough the greater part of the campaign in which thai reg
iraent had participated, and vvas present at the battle of
Pittsburgh Landing, vvhere she rainislered with tireless
.heroisra to the wants of the dying and wounded. Upon
hearing of her praiseworthy conduct, he presented her wilh
a coraraission as raajor in the array, the document confer
ring the honor being made out with all due forraality, and
having attached to it the great seal of the Stale. June 8th,
1863, he adjourned the Legislalure of Illinois, "fully be
lieving that the interests of the State will be best subserved
by a speedy adjournment, the past history of the present
Asserably holding out no reasonable hope of beneficent
results to the citizens of the Stale or Ihe array in the field
from its further continuance." In June of the sarae year,
upon receiving ft letter from a town in the soulhern part of
the State, in which Ihe wriler corajilained that traitors in
his town had cut dovvn the American flag, and demanded
his advice as lo what measures should be laken, he

490

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

promptiy wrole the querist as foUows: "Whenever you
raise the flag on your ovvn soil, or on the public property of
the Stale or country, or at any jiublic celebration, from
honest love lo Ihat flag, and patriotic devotion to the coun
try vvhich it symbolizes, and any traitor dares to lay his
unhallowed hand upon it lo tear it down, then I say shoot
him down as you vvould a dog, and I will pardon you Ihe
offence." His whole course during the war was such as to
win for him a popularity second only to th.at enjoyed by,
perhaps, two olher citizens of the Stale, and to cause his
name lo be a grateful reraembrance to the whole country.
His terra of office expired wilh Ihe year 1864, and March
5th, 1865, he look his seat in Ihe Uniled Slales Senate,
having been elecled as Ihe successor of Richard A. Rich
ardson, Democrat. At the second session of the Thirty-
ninth Congress, wben the bill regulating suffrage in the
District of Columbia was brought under consideration, in
his speech following Ihat of Mr. Cowan of Pennsylvania, he
expressed his views in strong, terse, and logical language,
saying, among olher things : " I am for universal suffrage.
I am not for qualified suffrage ; I am not for properly suf
frage ; I ara not for intelligent suffrage, as it is terraed ; but
I am for universal suffrage. That is ray doctrine. . .
The question of negro suffrage is now an iraperative neces
sity — a necessity that the negro should possess it for his own
protection ; a necessity that he should possess it that the
nation raay preserve ils power, its strength, and its unity.
We have won negro suffrage for the District of Colurabia,
and I say I believe we have won it for all the Stales, and
before the 4lh of March, 1869 — before this administration
shall close — I hope that the negro in all the loyal States
w-ill be clothed with the right of suffrage. That they will
be in the ten rebel Slates I cannot doubt, for patriotism,
liberty, justice, and humanity deraand il." He served
actively and prominently unlil the expiration of his terra,
March 3d, 1871, returning subsequently to Illinois, where
he resumed the practice of his profession. In March, 1873,
he was appoinled a Governraent Direclor of the Union
Pacific Railroad, in wdiich office he continued until his
decease, which occurred al St. Louis, November 27th, 1873.

i)ARNED, EDWIN CHANNING, Lawyer and
/I y ex-Uniled Stales District Attorney, vvas bora in
DIIs Providence, Rhode Island, July 14th, 1820. His
father, John Smith Larned, was a prorainent and
influential merchant of Ihal city. His mother
vvas Lucinda (Martin) Larned. Plis grandfalher,
WUliam Larned, of Providence, served in the Revolution
ary vvar, and vvas a raan of standing and character. Edwin
was educated at private schools in Providence, and in 1840
was graduated at Brown Universily, Rhode Island. While
in eollege he was elecled a meraber of Ihe Phi Beta Kappa
Society, and held a creditable position as a scholar while at

Ihe university. Upon leaving college he accepted the
position of Professor of Mathematics in the Kemper Col
lege, an institution then recently started, under the auspices
of leading Episcopalians, near Sl. Louis, Missouri. After
remaining a year in Ihis college he resigned his position
and relurned to Rhode Island. It was upon his return
triji, in the autumn of 1841, that he first saw Chicago.
While remaining in his native Slate he commenced the
sludy of law in Ihe office of Hon. A. C. Greene, then
Altorney-General, and subsequently Uniled Stales Senator
from Rhode Island. Upon beginning the praclice of law
his means were wholly exhausted, and he was corapelled
to borrow from a friend the twenty dollars then required in
exchange for a license to praclice. He was subsequently
laken as a partner of Hon. Richard W. Greene, then one
of the most eminent lawyers of the Rhode Island bar, and
who was afterward appoinled Chief-Justice of the Stale.
He continued for several years in business with Ihis col
league, and laler was engaged professionally alone; vvas
elecled Clerk of the House of Representatives of Rhode
Island, and vvas rapidly acquiring reputation and business
when he determined to remove to Chicago, and in Septem
ber, 1847, accepted an invitation frora Cyrus Bentley lo
join him as a partner in that eily. He was Ihus einployed
during the ensuing three years, afterward forraing a con
neetion wilh John Woodbridge, under Ihe firra-slyle of
Larned & Woodbridge. At a later period he was asso
ciated with Plon. Isaac N. Arnold and George W. Lay,
under the firra-narae of Arnold, Larned & Lay. He be
came connected with his partner, Stephen A. Goodwin, in
1857. In April, 1861, he was appointed, by Lincoln,
United Stales Attorney for Ihe Northern District of Illinois,
and perforraed the duties of the office until November,
1864. In 1863, his heallh having becorae impaired by
overwork, he took a leave of absence from his official post,
and in April sailed for Europe, whence he r.eturned in
Deceraber, after a trip Ihrough the princijial portions of
Europe, and resuraed the duties of his profession. Shortly
after his return, wishing to reduce Ihe amount of his labors
and responsibilities, he tendered his resignation of Uniled
Slates District Attorneyship lo Abraham Lincoln, who
accepted it wilh regret. At an early day he becarae an
earnest and consistent Anti-slavery man, and his fir.st public
speech, made in Chicago in 1851, was delivered in reply
to one made by Senator Douglas. It was a discussion of
Ihe Objections to the Fugitive Slave Act, then recentiy en
acled by Congress, whose justice and propriely had been
advoealed by Douglas in vigorous language. His speech
on this occasion was one of the ablest efforts of his life; it
was circulated extensively by the public press throughout
Ihe counlry, and received the wai-raesi coraraendations from
leading lawyers and politicians. Shortly afterward, in
connection with the lale Judge Manierre, he volunteered
his services as counsel for Ihe first colored man arrested in
Chicago under this law, the trial of the case being con-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

491

ducted before the late George W. Meeker, the United
States Commissioner. On that occasion, in consequence
of Ihe illne.ss of Ihe senior counsel, the closing arguraent of
the case devolved upon him. The person arrested as a
fugitive, in wdiose defence he had participated, vvas finally
discharged and wilh the wildest cheers and excitement.
The colored man was passed al or.ce over the heads of the
crowd, out of the court-room into the street, and he was
imraediately sent on his way to Canada, the haven of pur
sued slaves. The colored citizens of Chicago subsequentiy
presented each of the co-defendants wilh a silver cuji, ap
propriately inscribed. In i860, in connection with I. N.
Arnold, he acted as counsel for Josejih Stout, who was
indicted in the United Slates District Court for ihe offence
of rescuing fugitive slaves at Ottawa, and his argument to
the jury on that trial was regarded by many as the ablest
and most eloquent effort of his professional life. Laler,
while acting as Uniled States District Allorney, wilh the
approval of the Attorney-General, he disraissed a large
nuraber of indictments, Ihen pending upon the docket of
the United States Dislrict Court, against leading citizens
for Ihe alleged offence of assisting in Ihe rescue of fugitive
slaves. He was a zealous supporter of Lincoln's adrainis
tration ; acted as a member of the Citizens' Union Defence
Committee, and in Ihis capacity went lo Washington and
Sl. Louis on raatters connected with the equipping of regi
raents for the war, and others pertaining to the public
safely; and addresseel the great war raeeting held in the
Court House Square of Chicago, in 1862. He has also
taken an active interest in important public measures for
the improvement of Chicago; in 1850, in as.socialion vvith
Hon. John M. Wilson, he assisted in the jireparalion of Ihe
act to incorporate the "Chicago Ciiy Hydraulic Corapany,"
approved February 14th, 1851, under which the present
Chicago Water Works were construcled. In 1854 he was
appoinled chairman of a committee to prepare a bill to
remedy Ihe condition of Ihe sewerage, was deputed to draft
the bill, and prepared in a great raeasure Ihe preseni
sewerage law. Upon Ihe organization of the Board of
Sewerage Commissioners, under that act, he was appointed
its altoraey, and continued to act in this capacity until it
vvas subsequently merged in the preseni Board of Public
Works. While serving as one of Ihe Inspectors of Public
Schools he drew an ordinance, in the autumn of 1853, for
Ihe appointment of a Superintendent of Public Schools, and
secured ils adojilion on the ensuing Noveraber 28lh, John
C. Dore being appointed lo fill the office. In the winler
of 1864-65 he devoted rauch lirae and labor to the subject
of the iraproveraent ofthe Chicago river and ofthe sanitary
condition of the city. He wrote various articles for Ihe
public press, directing attention to these matters, and
became a meraber of a coraraittee of thirty appointed to
consider the subject. The ^ctions of Ihis coraraittee con
tributed in an important degree to the passage of the
provisions of the city charter appointing special corarais

sioners lo coraplele the connection between the lake and
the Illinois river. Pie was raarried, in Septeraber, 1849, lo
Frances Greene, daughter of Hon. A. C. Greene, his
former preceptor. He has three children living, two
daughlers and a son, who graduated al Ihe Chicago High
School in July, 1867, and completed his education al Har
vard College.

ILVERTPIORN, LEMUEL L., M. D., was born
in Slroudsburg, Monroe counly, Pennsylvania,
Oclober 21st, 1830. Pie is the son of Nicholas
Silverthorn and Margaret Silverthorn, tiie foniitr
a native of Pennsylvania, the latler of Nevv Jersey.
After their marriage in the last-named Stale, his
parents reraoved, in 1848, lo Wisconsin, where they after
ward resided perraanentiy. Iiis falher died in 1873, ^S^'^
eighly-seven years. His molher, aged eighly-six years, is
slill living. Until he had attained his twentieth year he
attended the coraraon schools located in Ihe neighborhood
of his home, and also followed the vocation of farraing.
When twenty-one years of age he engaged in teaching
school, an occujiation to which he devoted hiraself for a
period of four years. During this lirae he studied medi
cine, first under Dr. Olds, of Wisconsin, and later under
the directions of Dr. Trower, of Charleslon, Illinois, lo
vvhich Slate he had raoved in 1854. In the fall of 1855 he
attended the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia,
and on his return entered on the practice of his profession
al Charleslon, where he has since reraained, enjoying the
confidence of the coraraunity and possessing a praclice
wdiose extent requires his constant attention. He was
married in 1856 to Amerial Trower, daughter of Dr.
Trower, of Charleston, Illinois.

'OULTON, PION. SAMUEL W., Lawyer, was
born in Hamilton, Massachusetts, January 20lh,
1823. His pfeliminary education was acquired
in Ihe comraon schools of his native place. After
leavinc school, when about nineteen years of age,
he went west, through the Middle Slales, to Cin-
Ohio; taught school for one year near Lexing
ton, Kentucky, and later followed the sarae vocation in
Wisconsin. In 1845 he reraoved to Ihe Slate of Illinois,
where he has since perraanentiy resided. He then applied
hiraself to the sludy of law, and after corapleting the re
quired course of probationary sludies was admitted to the
bar, in 1847, entering afterward on Ihe practiee of his pro
fession at Shelbyville. In 1853 he was elected a raember
of the Legislature of Illin I's, and was re-elected success
ively for three terras. At the attendant session of 1853 he
was appointed Chairman of the Coraraittee on Education,

cinnati.

492

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and drafted, introduced and succeeded in securing Ihe pas
sage Ihrough the Legislature of the first Free school bill of
the State of Illinois. Al Ihe session of 1855 he was raainly
instrumental also in securing the passage of the bill for the
State Norraal University ; and in 1857 was appointed a
meraber of the Board of Education, wilh which body he
has ever since continuously served. He has officiated as
President of the Board for sixleen years, and been eight
times re-elected. In 1864 he was elected to Congress for
Ihe Stale at large by a very large majority. Since the ex
piralion of his term he has kept hiraself coraparatively
retired from political affairs and moveraents, and devoted
his attention exclusively to the duties and resjionsibilities
connected with an exiensive legal practice. At the preseni
lime he is engaged in all of the more important cases liti
gated in this section of the State, and occupies a leading
position araong his legal confreres. He was married in
Wisconsin.

;aRNETT, JOSEPH M., M. D., was bora in Bea-
^m jl ver county, Pennsylvania, February 27th, 1827.
^111 His parents, who raoved to Illinois in lS3g, were
. C^f natives of the sarae Slate, and engaged in farra
ing. His earlier education was acquired in the
coraraon schools located in Ihe neighborhood of
his home, and when twenty years of age he commenced
the sludy of medicine under the instructions of Dr. Sanford,
of Fayette county, Illinois, and also with Dr. Wilkins, of
Vandalia. He afterward went to Jacksonville, and entered
the Illinois Medical College, graduating frora Ihis institution
in 1848. He then engaged at once in the praclice of his
profession in Shelby counly, practising also in the counties
of Montgoraery and Bond. His home during the past fif
teen years has been in Shelbyville, where, and in Ihe en
vironing regions, his praclice is very large. He is also an
ad eundem graduate of the Missouri Medical College, and a
member of the Illinois Stale Medical Society. During a
portion of the period mentioned he has bestowed consider
able attention on the cultivation of a fine farm, but the
greater part of his tirae has been devoted exclusively to his
profession. He vvas raarried Noveraber 4lh, 1849, to Eraily
Welker, of Fayette county, Illinois.

jEBER, CHARLES D., M. D., was born in Berks
county, Pennsylvania, January i8th, 1836. Iiis
parents were natives of Pennsylvania. On Ihe
paternal side he is of Gerraan exlraction, on Ihe
raaternal of English descent. He was educated
primarily at the academy in Susquehanna, and in
the Strausburg Academy, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania.
At an early day he engaged in school-teaching, a vocation
followed for about two years. He then began the study of

medicine under the tutorship of Dr. D. L. Beaver, of
Reading, Pennsylvania, afterward attending the Jefferson
Medical College, at Philadelphia, from which institution he
graduated in March, 1856. He comraenced the practiceof
his Jirofession at Reading, Pennsylvania, and reraained Ihere
unlil 1861, when he enlered the array as Assistant Surgeon of
the 48th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteer Infanliy. Five
months later he was proraoted to a Surgeoncy, and in 1864
was appoinled Surgeon of the United Stales Volunteers, in
which capacity he served efficiently until February, 1866.
When raustered out of the service, he w.as brevetted a Lieu
tenant-Colonel, a rank conferred on but few raedical officers.
He Ihen returned to Reading, where, however, he reraained
but one year. April l8lh, 1867, he removed to Shelbyville,
lUirois, where, allhough entirely destitute of friends in Ihis
section of the State, he soon attracted favorable attention by
his scholarly attainments and professional skill. At the
present tirae he is Ihe leading surgeon of the place, and
ranks second lo none as a general physician. He has been
Alderman in Shelbyville, and is a valued member of the
School Board. He was married November 20th, 1855, to
EUza Van Reed, of Berks county, Pennsylvania.

MITH, DAVID SHEPPARD, M. D., was bom in
^ Camden, New Jersey, April 28th, 1816. His
falher, Isaac Smilh, vvas bora in Salera county.
New Jersey, and was one of ils earliest settlers.
The maternal name is Wheaton, and traceable to
Wales through but two generations. David en
joyed in his boyhood the ordinaiy school advantages of Ihe
town, but often referred to his mother's instructive teachings
as of much Ihe greater value. Upon attaining the proper
age, he began the study of medicine under Dr. Isaac S.
Mulford, a well-known jihysician of Camden, and attended
three full courses at the Jefferson Medical College in Phila
deljihia, graduating vvith honor in 1836. He then removed
lo Chicago, Illinois, where he remained until the autumn
of 1837, when he returned east to spend the winter with his
parents al Camden. About this tirae his attention vvas called
lo the then novel doctrines of homoeopathy, and he pur
chased all Ihe works obtainable in the English language,
exjiounding the principles and praclice of the Hahnemann
theory. Upon his return to Illinois, vvhere he seltied in
Joliet, he made these books in his leisure hours the subjects
of exhaustive sludy, allhough continuing to practise strictly
in accordance with Ihe principles of the allopathic school.
Soon after, however, his child was attacked by sickness, and
the case not responding to allopathic treatment, he resorted
successfully to homceopathic prescriptions. In 1842, though
acquiring a growing confidence in Ihe new praclice, he re
turaed to Chicago and continued the old-school treatment
until, in the spring of 1843, he went east on business, and
while there procured a fresh supply of works on homoeopa-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

¦493

thy. Finally, on his return to Chicago, he fully adopted
the system in his practice, being the first lo introduce il
west of Ihe lakes. He subsequently continued in active
Jiractice until 1856, jiassing through the cholera seasons
vvith eminent success. During Ihe visitation in 1849, he
vvas kept so busy that he frequently pre-.cribed wiihout taking
the names of patients. In 1852, while on an eastern trip,
he received news that the cholera had again broken out in
Chicago. He hurriedly relumed to his field of labor, and
worked at his post night and day until he was himself at
tacked wilh the scourge. During all these periods he
never turned away a case on account of poverty, and gave
his services cheerfully wherever required. In the wdnler
of 1854-55 he attended the Illinois Legislative session in
Springfield, and largely through his exertions a charter vvits
procured incorporating the Plahnemann Medical College in
Chicago, afterward located on South Stale street. He was
from the commencement elected Presideni of the Bo.ard of
Trustees of that institution, and devoted his time and atten
tion to the promotion of ils interests. In recognition of his
erainent services and acquireraents, an honorary degree vvas
conferred on hira, February 23d, 1856, by the Hoinceo-
pathie Medical College of Cleveland. In 1857 he was
elected General Secretary of the American Institute of
Plomoeopathy, an association national in its merabership,
character and influence, and in June, 1858, was chosen
President, and, in 1865, Treasurer of the same inslilulion.
He aided in ihe inauguration of the State society, and
served as ils President during several sessions. In 1856,
his health beginning to fail, he reraoved to Waukegan,
where he reraained three years, being chosen, while there.
President of the Bank of Northern Illinois. He then re
turned to Chicago, and resuraed Ihe practice of his profes
sion, which he continued without interraission unlil Ihe
spring of 1866. During this period he filled Ihe chair of
Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Hahneraann Med
ical College, Chicago, and is novv Emeritus Professor in that
department. At the date just named, his heallh again failing,
he decided to visit Europe as a relaxation and for change of
scene. While there he visited raany points of interest, and
examined carefully the workings of the various hospitals,
colleges, and olher raedical institutions. He returned to
this country in May, 1867, and resuming the praclice of
medicine, raet wilh increased success. He has now retired
from the raore active duties of his profession, and occupies
a prominent position in the direction of a leading Chicago
bank. Although a regular attendant on the Episcopal ser
vice, he never became a member of that denomin.ation. He
was married in January, 1837, a few months after his first
arrival in Chicago, to Rebecca Ann Dennis, daughter of
Josejih Dennis and Mary J. Dennis, of Salem, New Jersey.
He first raet her at the residence of her uncle, Major E. H.
Mulford, now of Oakland, Cook county. By her he has
had four children; of these, one daughter married Dr.
Slocum, and subsequently died in southwestern Texas, and

a son died at Fort Larned. The other Iwo, daughters, are
SliU living, one of whom becarae Ihe vvife of Major John
Christopher, U. S. A., who during the early part of the
rebellion was chosen unaniraously as Colonel of the Rail
road (8gth) Regiraent. Dr. Smith is highly respected in
bolh professional and financial circles, ancl in the comraunily
at large.

ULLMAN, GEORGE M., Car Builder and Manu
facturer, was born in Chautauqua county. New
York, March 3d, 1831, and is Ihe third son of
James Lewis Pullman and Emily Caroline Pull
man. His falher was an industrious mechanic in
comfortable circurastances. George received his
education in the schools located in the vicinity ofhis home,
and commenced business life in a furniture establishment in
Albion, New York. Shortly after, owing to the death of
his falher, he found himself called ujion to assurae new re
sponsibilities in Ihe care and supporl of the faraily, which
induced him to look for a more profitable field of enterprise.
He raade contracts vvith Ihe Slate of New York for raising
buildings on the line of the enlargement of the Erie Canal,
which occupied about four years in their completion. At
the end of that tirae, in i85g, he removed to Chicago, and
entered upon the work of bringing this city up to grade, by
the raising of raany of the most prominent brick and raarble
structures, including the Matteson and Tremont Houses,
together wilh several of the heaviest South Water street
blocks. He was one of the contractors for raising by one
operation the massive buildings of the entire Lf.ke street
front of the block between Clark and La Salle streets, in
cluding Ihe Marine Bank and several large stores, the busi
ness of all these establishments continuing almost unirajieded
during the process. His connection with the sleeping-car
interest dates almost from the time of his entrance into
Chicago. In the spring of i85g his attention was altracled
lo the subject of providing better sleeping accommod.ations
for the public whUe journeying on Ihe rail, and he raade a
conlract wilh Governor Matteson to fit up with berths two
old cars for use on the Chicago & Alton Railroad. Al
though these cars were introduced to the public in the follow
ing August, the enterprise was teraporarily abandoned in a
measure because of the slowness of the railroad companies
to perceive the utility of his works, and partly owing lo his
removal, in i860, to the mineral regions of Colorado. In
1863 he returned to Chicago. Meanwhile he had built
several cars for the Chicago & Alton Road, also the old
Galena roads, and feeling assured that there was a wide field
for improvement in sleeping-ears, he disposed of his Colo
rado interests, and resolved to apply his whole time and
capital to the new enterprise. He then iraprovired a shop
on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, and built Iwo palace cars,
at a cost of about $18,000 each, to run on that road. One
of the first men to appreciate Iheir value was John Vv'.

494

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Brooks, then President of Ihe Michigan Central Road, who
desired him to go to Boston and arrange for placing similar
ones on his road. He then effected an exclusive conlract
to run his sleeping-cars on Ihe Michigan Central Raihoad
for Ihe term of ten years. This vvas soon followed by simi
lar contracts for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail
road, and the Great Western of Canada. Since then his
sleeping-cars have come into very general use, and are now
running on raore than eighleen lines of railroad, and are
increasing in number as rapidly as the extensive workshops
with which he is connected can produce thera, while each
new car exhibits a raarked improvement over its predeces
sors. The superb hotel cars recently brought out have ef
fected a complete revolution in railroad travel, by obviating
the necessity for stoppages, enabling passengers not only to
sleep, but to eat on Ihe train. He completed arrangeraents
wilh the Union Pacific Railroad to introduce his palace
dining-cars on the line, and is constantiy engaged in attend
ing to the applications frora raanagers of olher roads relative
to the sarae object. After organizing the Southern " Pull
man, Kimball & Rimsey Sleeping-Car Corajiany,'' vvith
head-quarters al Atlanta, Georgia, he organized the " Pull
raan Palace-Car Company,'' at Chicago, vvith a capital of
$1,000,000, vvhich now covers the leading western and
southern railroads centring in Chicago, also ihe Great Cen
tral route east, and has since organized the " Pnllnian
Pacific Car Company," lo run on the Pacific Railroad and
branches. He is extensively engaged also in raanufacturing
interests. Of one of the largest raanufactories of ils class
in the country, the Eaglelon Wire Works, of Nevv York,
eraploying over one thousand men, be is the principal
owner; and he is more or less intimately connected wilh
various ear manufactories, and olher kindred enterprises,
wdiich employ frora one hundred lo one thousand hands.
He is a worshipper in the Universalist Church, though not a
member of Ihe society, and has two brothers in the ministry
of that denoraination. He was raarried June 13th, 1867,
to Hattie Sanger, of Chicago, a daughter of Ihe late I. Y.
Sanger.

ENWELL, ENOS, M. D., was born in Richmond,
Indiana, March 22d, 1821. His father, Asmenius
C. Penwell, a native of New Jersey and of English
extraction, moved lo Indiana in 1812, where he
was engaged in agricullural pursuils until his
decease. His mother, Elizabeth (Whitinger)
PenweU, a native of Pennsylvania and of German exlrac
tion, died in 1824. He was educaled at Soulh Bend,
Indiana, and upon leaving school applied hiraself for five
years to the vocation of teaching. He subsequently com
menced the study of medicine tinder the instructions of
Professor Daniel Meeker, of Laporte, Indiana, and in 1848
graduated frora the Indiana Medical College. He then

entered on ihe practice of his profession in Edwardsburg,
Cass county, Michigan, whence, alter a residence of five
years, he reraoved, in September, 1853, to ShelbyvUle
Illinois. lie has since resided constantiy in this place
vvhere, standing at the head of his profession, he is widely
recognized as a physician cf sterling talents. For a period
of eight years, coramencing wilh the war of Ihe rebellion,
he acted as United Slates Examining Surgeon. He has
raet also wilh great success in his real estate operations,
and is the owner of various valuable farra jiroperlies. He
was raarried in June, 1842, to Martha Holloway, of Soulh
Bend, Indiana, who died in 1857; and again, in Decera-
lier, 1858, to Mary Coleman, of ShelbyvUle, lUinois. His
oldest son, Frank W. Penwell, is now a practising lawyer
at Danville; his second .son, George Penwell, is a mer
chant in Paris ; and his third son, Orville I. Penwell, is a
medical student at Ann Arbor, Michigan.

rHEW, WILLIAM, Lawyer, Meraber of Ihe Legis
lature of Illinois, was bora in Clinton county,
Ohio, September 3d, 1836. His falher, Morris
R. Chew, was a native of Virginia, who moved
to Ohio in 1820, and for several years was Julge
of the Probate Courts. At the preseni time he
resides on a farm near Shelbyville, IlUnois, to which Stale
he reraoved in 1848. His mother also was a native of Vir
ginia. He first attended Ihe Shelby Seminary, and completed
his studies at the Stale Universily in Springfield, Illinois.
He was engaged in farraing for several years, and at the age
of twenty-three assuraed the avocation of teacher, which he
followed for a period of five years. He then began the
sludy of law under Ihe direction of Moulton & Chaffee, at
Shelbyville, Illinois, and in 1868 entered on the practice of
his profession, lo wdiich he has since devoted himself wilh
great success. In 1874 he was elected to the Slate Legis- -
lature frora the Thirty-third Senatorial District, and is slill
a raeraber of Ihat body. In polilics he has always been
a consistent supporter of the Republican parly, and vvas
elected to office on Ihe ticket of this party. He was mar
ried in i86g to a daughter of Dr. Headen, one of the first
pioneers and settlers of Shelby county.

ARSHALL, SAMUEL S., Lawyer, Judge, Con
gressman, was born March l8lh, 1821, in Gallatin
counly, Illinois, descending from Scotch and Irish
parentage, his iraraediate ancestors being known
as " Scotch Presbyterians." His parents carae to
this country in the early part of the present cen
luiy, locating in Illinois. He vvas the son of Daniel and
Sophia Walker Marshall. He obtained quite a substantial
education when quite young, through the careful instruction

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

495

of his father and molher, and spent two years in Cumber
land College, Kentucky, where his rapid advance in study
was more largely due to his persistent self-application in
privale, and lo his avidity for reading, Ihan to the facilities
furnished by that instilulion, though of the most excellent
character. He commenced the sludy of law with his cousin,
Hon. Henry Eddy, of Shawneetown, and was Ucensed
within a comparatively short period by the Supreme Court
to practise in all the courts of the Stale. He opened an
office in Hamilton county, Illinois, and gradually obtained
a patronage, whieh was lucrative and influential. His keen
ability as a lawyer was early displayed in his professional
career, and he soon secured the reputation of an eloquent
advocate, of quick penetration, and of unusual resources in
his comprehensive knowledge of Ihe theory and practice of
law. In the fall of 1846, scarcely a year after he was li
censed as a lawyer, he was elected to the lower House of
the Legislature, and though the youngest meraber of that
body, became conspicuous in the session as a leader in de
bate, and as an active and capable member of iraportant
committees. In March, 1847, he vvas elecled by Ihe Legis
lalure as Slate's Attorney for the Third Judicial Circuit,
which included fifteen counties. In two of Ihese the people
were in open and organized resistance to Ihe autiiority of
law, and characterized their insurrection by crimes of eveiy
grade, which were of frequent occurrence. Prior to this
tirae it had been irapossible to find officials stern enpugh to
corabat Ihis increasing rebellion against civil authority. Mr.
Marshall entered upon his office, necessarUy filled vvith duties
of the greatest responsibility, vvith a firm deterraination that
this open defiance of justice raust be conquered, and cora
raenced his administration wilh a direct raove against the
riotous element, which became alarraed in finding itself
arraigned by a fearless prosecutor. His energetic execution
of his duties secured for him the supjiort of the belter class
of citizenship, and before intelligent and impartial jurors
selected from ils rank he brought the criminals who had re
viled the weaikness of the authorities, and secured Iheir
immediate conviction. This exaraple of official inlegrily did
not fail of ils effect. Lawlessness ceased, tranquillily re
suraed ils place, and public confidence was reslored. This
was the result of his vigorous administration, which restored
a large district to peace and prosperity, where hitherto Ihere
had been a proslration of industry and a flood of crime.
Mr. Marshall declined a re-eleclion as Slate's Attorney upon
the expiralion of his term of two years, bul was not long
permitted to reraain in private life. In March, 1851, he
was elected Judge of the Sevenlh Judicial Circuit, and jire
sided on the bench wilh dignity and ability, which only con
firmed the estimate placed upon his character as an impar
tial and talented juri.st by his eon.stiluency. He resigned
this position in 1854 lo fill the office of Representative in
Congress frora the Ninth Congressional District of Illinois.
His seat was contested under a clause of the .Slate Constitu
tion, whieh declared all judges in the Slate ineligible lo any

otiier office. State or Federal, during the terms for which
they were elected, and for one year thereafter ; and further
more, that all votes cast for them as candidates for any olher
office, within the tirae specified, should be void. The ablest
lawyers of the State had for a long lime held this clause as
invalid when applied lo Federal offices, since the qualifica
tions for these should manifestly be fixed by the Constitution
and laws of the Uniled States. Up to Ihis time, however,
this question had never been adjudicated. It so happened
that the seat of Judge TrurabuU, who had been elected lo
the Uniled Stales Senate, was contested upon the sarae
ground at Ihe sarae lirae. The Senate, then overwhelm
ingly Democratic, decided Ihe case in favor of Judge Trum
bull, a Republican, anel Ihe House of Rejiresentatives, then
Republican, decided the same issue in favor of Judge Mar
shall, a Democrat. The circumstances under which Ihese
decisions were made gave thera great weight as precedents.
Mr. Marshall was re-elected to ihe Thirty-fifth Congress,
and upon the expiration of his terra declined another can
didacy for the position, vvhich was strongly urged. In the
Thirty-fourth Congress, he vvas a member of the Commit
tee on Claims. In 1861 he was elected as Judge of the
Twelfth Illinois Circuit, and held this office until 1864, when
he -vvas elected a Representative to the Thirty-ninth Con
gress. In this body he vvas on the Comraillee of Elections
and made the minority reports in the cases of Voorhees of
Indiana, and Brooks of Nevv York. It was in the first ses
sion of this Congress that he becarae virtually the leader of
the rainority. He was elecled to the Fortieth Congress,
and vvas placed on the Judiciary Coraraittee, serving al Ihe
lime the attemjit was first raade lo impeach President John
son. In the Forty-first Congress he was a meraber of the
Committee on Ways and Means, and during the session he
vvas an active worker on that important committee. He
becara.e very prominent in debate, and from the first look a
decided stand on the question of " Free Trade," delivering
at one of Ihe sittings an argument on that issue, which vvas
subsequently scattered broadcast as a carapaign document.
This speech vvas an expose of the tariff as a scheme of rob
beiy and oppression, and vvas extensively quoted by those
who acted with Mr. M.arshall for free trade. His subse
quent arguments on the " Funding Bill," on " Currency,"
and " Free Banking,'' were as extensively circulated, and
secured for hira the narae of a leader in the Democratic
party. In the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses he
was on Ihe Coraraittee on Appropriations, and during bis
Congressional career of fourteen years, of which ten were
consecutive, he served on all Ihe principal comniitlees, and
distinguished hiraself for the statesraanlike views he enter
tained relative to all Ihe raore vital matters of Federal legis
lation. He was a delegate from the Slate at large to the
Charleston and Baltimore Conventions in i860; to the Chi
cago Democratic National Convention in 1864, and the
Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia in 1866.
He received the entire vote of the Democratic delegation

496

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

of the Illinois Legislature in 1861 for the position of United
Slales Senator, and in 1867 received the vole ofthe Demo
cratic members of the United Stales House of Representa
tives for the office of Speaker. He is now engaged in his
professional duties, which engross his attention. Pie is a
gentleraan of coraraanding presence, and of fine culture.
lie has taken a great interest in all raatters beneficial to the
public, and has especially labored to iraprove the syslera of
popular education in his section. He is now President of
the Board of Managers of Hamilton CoUege, an exceUent
institution located al McLeansboro', Harailton counly, Illi
nois. He is highly esteemed by all classes of citizens for
his labors in State and Federal offices, and for an integrity
of character beyond rejiroach.

LLEN, JONATHAN ADAMS, M. D., LL.D.,
Professor ofthe Principles and Practice of Medi
cine and Clinical Medicine in Rush Medical
College, .Chicago, and editor of the Chicago
Medical Journal (.he leading professional peri
odical in the West), was born in Middlebury,
Vermont, January i6lh, 1825. Tracing his ancestry back
to die days of Ihe " Mayflower," he is one of those genuine
Americans who are entitled lo the credit of building uji a
distinctive and original school of medicine in this country
that has coramanded the attention and adrairation of the
profession in Europe. Plis father was an erainent physi
cian, surgeon and teacher in New England, where Dr. Allen
acquired his early collegiate and professional education.
Graduated in 1846, he left his New England horae irarae
diately for the West, married Mary Marsh, of Kalamazoo,
Michigan, and enlered al once upon Ihe praclice ofhis pro
fession. He began his career wilh no other resources than
a stout heart, a sleriing arabition, an hereditary love for his
profession, a strong physical constitution, studious habits,
and a bonhomie ihal attracted confidence and friendship
frora Ihe start. Wilh this capital he rapidly fought his vvay
through the hardships of a pioneer practice into a worldly
corapetence, social esteera and professional distinction. In
1848 he vvas elected Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeu
tics, and Medical Jurisprudence in the Indiana Medical
CoUege, where he gave several courses of lectures. While
holding this position he vvas asked to accepi Ihe chair of
Physiology and Pathology in Ihe Universily of Michigan,
and his work in the organization of the raedical departraent
of that inslilution did rauch lo assure the prosperity and
farae which il has since attained. He subsequently becarae
Lecturer on Physiology and Cheraistry in Kalamazoo Col
lege, and in i85g, after having declined many flattering
offers from medical colleges throughout the country, he ac
cepted the position in Rush Medical College which he now
holds, and has contributed his full share to the high position
which this institution now occupies. It is rarely that any

one engaged in so large a practice, active and consulting,
and wilh so many professional demands upon his time has
accomplished so rauch in a general literary and scientific
way as the subject of this sketch. It is only by the most
rigorous regime and menial discipline that Dr. Alien has
been able lo carry through successfully the raanifold labors
he has voluntarUy assuraed. His force and grace as a
writer, and his attractiveness as a public speaker, have put
upon him many engagements vvhich he could not decline.
He has always been in demand to deliver the annual
addresses before lyceums, colleges, societies, agricullural
fairs, etc. His high position in the Masonic order, being
Past Grand Masler of the Slate of Michigan, has given the
Masons a claira upon a portion of his time and eloquence,
which he has always accorded them. His high position in
Ihe profession as a permanent member of the American
Medical Associalion and former President of Ihe Slate
Medical Society of Michigan, and his wide reputation as a
lecturer, bring him constant engagements for professional
addresses. Iiis contributions to medical literature have
been numerous and able. A treatraent of the " Mechanism
of Nervous Action," written by Dr. Allen more than twenty
years ago, w-as a thorough exposition of the whole subject
of reflex nervous action, and was the origin of iraportant
generalizations which have been accredited to MarshaU
HaU and other distinguished physiologists. His book on
" Medical Exarainations for Life Insurance " is the standard
vvork on that subject, and he has now in preparation a treat
ise on the " Principles and Praclice of Medicine," which
vvill probably be the great work of his life. In Dr. AUen
are uniled in an exceptional degree professional success
vvith high scholarship and general scientific and lilerary
atlainments. He has always been a devout student without
acquiring the exclusive characteristics of Ihe recluse. He is
affable and popular personally, has the genial characteristics
and literary reminiscences of a brilliant conversationalist,
and enjoys the peculiar esteem and confidence only accorded
lo a faniily physician and trusted teacher.

ELSON, DANIEL THURBER, M. D , was born
in Milford, Massachusetts, on September l6th,
i83g. His parenls vvere Drake and Lydia T.
(Pond) Nelson, bolh of M.assachiiselts, and who
were araong the early pioneers to Iowa, eraigral
ing to that State .as soon as 1841. The father of
the subject of this sketch dying vvhen he was len years of
age, he relurned lo his native town (Milford), where he
received his prelirainary education, and entered Amherst
College in 1857, graduating therefrora in 1861. Selecting
the medical profession, he comraenced his sludies in that
direction, and in March, 1862, entered Harvard Medical
School. In June of that year he became engaged in the
Hospital Transport Scr\-ice of the Uniled Stales Sanilaiy

^c?

^'Hax... j=„,j Q^ vkilMrlfliv^-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

497

Coraraission, in which he vvas occupied until August, 1862.
lie then was attached to the Mason Uniled Slales General
Hospital, in Boston, until March, 1865. Subsequentiy he
served as Assistant Surgeon in the armies of Ihe James and
the Potomac, and was finally discharged frora service at the
close of the war, on June 20lh, 1865. His raedical diploma
he received frora the Harvard Medical School in March,
1865. He also received from his Alina Mater, Amherst
College, Ihe degree of A. M. In the fall of 1865 he located
himself in Chicago, where he has sinee been actively and
successfully engaged in praclice. In August, 1866, he was
appoinled Lecturer on Physiology and Histology in the
Chicago Medical College, and in April, 1867, vvas chosen
Professor of the sarae chair. This position he still holds.
perforraing the duties of his branch wdth ability and satis
faction. He was married in November, 1862, to Sarah A.
Travis, daughter of Clark Travis.

^ TOREY, WILBUR F., Journalist, was born in
Salisbury, Verraont, December iglh, i8ig. His
faniily is a collateral of the Storey faniily, of which
the well-known jurist was a raember. The first
ten years of his life were passed on the farm of
his parents, during which period he attended the
dislrict school ; he Ihen reraoved vvith his falher to Middle
bury, where he enlered Ihe office of the Middlebuiy Free
Press lo learn the printing business. Pie reraaineel there
unlil seventeen years of age, with the exception of a single
winter during which he attended a village school. He
shortiy after reraoved to New York, and secured a situation
as compositor on Ihe Journal of Commerce. He worked
al the case a year and a half, and in Ihe spring of 1838 de
cided to move to the West. His econoraical habits while
in New Vork eiiablerl hira to reach Laporte, Indiana, wilh
a cash capilal of two hundred ancl fifty dollars. His first
stopping-place was at South Bend, but leaming that Ihe
Deraocrats of Laporte were about to establish a newspaper,
he went to Ihe latter place and raade an arrangeraenl to
conduct the raechanical portion of the new paper, while the
notorious Ned Hannegan acted as volunteer editor. The
paper finally came entirely inlo his possession, and he was
engaged in conducting it unlil it failed as a profitable ven
ture. At the expiration of a year he purchased a drug store,
but again failed to meet with success. About Ihis lime Ihe
Deraocrats of Mishawaka started Ihe Tocsin, which he
edited for a year and a half, afterward reraoving to Jackson,
Michigan. He Ihen applied hiraself for Iwo years lo study
ing law, starling subsecjuentiy the Jackson Patriot, which
succeeded in displacing the Democratic newspaper already
in existence. Eighteen months later he was made Post
master by Polk, and held the position unlil Ihe inauguration
of Taylor's administration. Upon becoming Postmaster he
had disposed of the Patriot, and upon leaving the. office in
63

1848 again entered a drug store, vvhile dealing also in gro
ceries, books and .stationery. In 1S50 he was elected lo the
Constitutional Convention over Blair by a heavy majority,
and acted as Inspector of Ihe State prison. Upon securing
a one-sixth interest in the Detroit Free Press, he at once
gave up his mercantUe pursuits, and in 1853 reraoved lo
Detroit. The Free Press at that time was not on a paying
basis; becoming eventually sole proprietor, however, he
rescued Ihe journ.al frora the helplessness inlo which it had
fallen, and at the end of eight years had not only paid fcr
Ihe whole concern, but accuraulated from ils earnings about
thirty thousand doUars. For six years he perforraed all the
editorial labor of the paper without any assistance, and for
two years only allowed himself a heljier. In 1861 he re
moved to Chicago, having desired a new and raore extended
field for operations, and assuraed control of Ihe Chicago
Times. As a journalist he is reraarkable for force, energy,
industry, and administrative abilily.

ILLER, DE LASKIE, M.D., was born in Ni
agara county, Nevv York, on May 2glh, 181S.
Pie is the son of Daniel and Belinda (Jacobs)
Miller. His early Ufe was passed on his falher's
farm, his elementary education being obtained at
the viUage school during winter time. At eigh
teen years of age he began to teach school, and having
chosen the profession of medicine he at the same tirae en
tered upon its sludy under the guidance of the celebrated
Dr. Thomas G. Catlin, of Brooklyn, recently deceased.
He' graduated at Geneva Medical College in 1842 and
coraraenced practice in Lockport, Illinois. Remaining
there, however, for a short time only, he removed to Flint,
Michigan. Here he practised for several years wilh much
ability and success, and al the same lirae identified himself
thoroughly with all questions of public iraproveraent and
educational developraent. When his delerniinalion lo leave
Flint, in 1852, becarae known, the leading citizens of Ihe
place called a raeeting, at which there was a very unanimous
and deep exjiression of regret in anticipation of his deparl
ure, and a series of resolutions was adopted setting forth
Ihe high esteem in whieh he was held by the whole com
munity, both in his professional and priv.ale characler.
From Flint he reraoved lo Chicago, being desirous of find
ing a wider field for the exercise of his professional func
tions. In l85g he was called lo fill the chair of Obstetrics
and Diseases of Women and Children in the Rush Medical
College, his pre-eminent success in that line of practice
having raarked hira out as especially fitted for Ihe position
vvhich he has continued lo fill ever since vvith distinguished
ability. So deep an interest did he feel in this departraent
of professional labor that in 1863 he undertook a journey to
Europe for the express purpose of procuring raaterial for
iUustrating his lectures. He is also connected wilh St.

458

BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOPEDLV.

Luke's Plospital as Obstetrician, and is Consulting Physician
ofthe Women's Hospital ofthe State of lUinois. As a lec
turer he is careful, systematic and thorough, making .always
a deep irajiression, and is- a favorite with his classes. As a
physician he i; e-.igaged in a large general jiraclice, and in
gynecology and obstetrics enjoys a wide and enviable repu
tation. He was raarried in 1846 lo Adeline O. Hurd, of
Nevv York Stale, who died in 1861, deeply regretted by a
large circle of relatives and friends.

ILCOX, PION. SILVANUS, Lawyer and Judge,
was born in Montgoraery counly. New York, Sep
tember 30lh, 1818. His father was General
Elijah Wilcox and his mother Sally Shuler.
Until he arrived at the age of sixteen years he
only attended school during llie winters, his ser
vices being required on his father's farm in Ihe summer.
.Vt Ihe age of sixteen he ^tttended a select school at Amster
dam, New York, under the charge of Professor Sprague,
and reraained there iiiitil April, 1036. Pie then received an
appointraent as Cadet at the MUitary Academy at West
Point. After a residence in this institution of two years he
was granted leave of absence for one year on account of
ill-health, but at Ihe expiration of that time he was still
unable to retura, and vvas forced to resign. He subse
quently received the following testimonial letter from Major
Delafield, Superintendent of the Academy ;
Military Academy, West Poin't,
December ^th, l83g.
Mr. S. Wilcox — Sir : Your friend. Cadet Van Vleit, has
requested of me in your behalf such a stateraent of standing
and merit in your sludies, and character relative to conduct,
ai the records of this institution will enable rae to give. Il
appears that you joined the Military Academy as a Cadet in
Jjly, 1836, and that at the last examination at vvhich you
vvere present, the academic staff jironouneed you the fourth
in Ihe order of merit in matheraatics, the ninth in French,
and the thirteenth in drawing, which, when compared with
the rest of your class, then consisting of fifty merabers, se
cured you the fifth place in general merit. It also appears
frora the records of the institution that you left here in bad
health, and that after a jirolracted illness of more than a
year, you tendered your resignation, vvhich was accepted by
the Secretary of War, to take effect on the 15th of August,
1839. It gives rae rauch pleasure to hive il in my power
to put you in possession of sueh highly favorable testimo
nials of your conduct and talents, when a member of this
inslilulion. Respectfully, Your obedient servant,
Richard Delafield,
Major of Engineers, and Sup'l of Militaiy Academy.
In 1S40, when his health vvas sufficiently restored to allow
him to travel, he moved West, and for about five months
w.as occupied in visiting various parts of the country. lie
then relurned to New York, and taught school one winler
al "Yankee HiU" in Florida, Montgomery county, after

which he began the sludy of law with Judge Heath. In
1844 he again moved West, localed at Elgin in Kane
counly, and has resided there ever since. In 1845 i^e w.s
appoinled Poslm.asler of Elgin by President Polk, and held
the office during his adrainistration. Meantime he had
conlinued Ihe study of law, and vvas admitted to Ihe bar in
1846. He vvas for a lime a partner wilh Judge Wilson, an
eminent and well-known lawyer in tiie State, and conlinued
the practice of his profession very successfully until 1867,
when he was elected Judge of what was then the Twenty-
eighth and now is the Fourth Judicial Circuit of IlUnois,
and vvas re-elected in June, 1873. His circuit, coraprising
Ihe counties of Du Page, Kane and Kendall, was a large
one, and required almost his whole time to dispose of the
business. In 1874, by reason of ill-health, brought on by
confinement in the court room, and excessive mental labor,
the Judge felt it his duty to resign. The monthly Western
Jurist for Septeraber, 1874, published .at Blooraington,
Illinois, in speaking of Judge Wilcox's resignation, says:
"Il is the regret of all that Judge Wilcox felt corapelled
lo resign. He, however, has Ihe full satisfaction of know
ing that he has the sympathy of the entire people of his
circuit, .and the judiciary of the State. His ability and in
tegrity, and the great care he exercised to deterraine every
question conectly, gave him the position he attained on the
bench, and his decisions commanded ihe respect of all. We
hope that rest and cessation from judicial labor will restore
Ihe Judge to health, and that he may again enter Ihe prac
tice ofthe profession in which he has spent his Ufe."
In 1840 he was raarried to Jane Mallery, of Montgoraery
county. New York, and has two children, a son and a
daughter. In March, 1859, while alighting from a horse, he
received a severe injury, and for four years was unable to
walk without the aid of a crutch or cane. Among his class
raates at West Point were General W. T. Sherman, Stewart
Van Vleit, General George H. Thomas, Bushrod R. John
son, General Theodore Mead, and many others vvho have
since become jirominent men in Ihe history of the United
States. Since his retirement from Ihe judicial bench Ihe
condition of his health has been somewhat improving,
Ihough he is yet far from being well. Pie owns two large
farms in Elgin, which are managed under his instruction
and are devoted principally to the dairy business, which
yields him a large income. Financially his success has
been great, and his residence, situated on an eminence on
Ihe west side of the city and commanding a fine view of
Elgin and the surrounding country, is one of Ihe finest in
the county. Judge Wilcox is wholly domestic in his habits,
yet greatiy interested in public affairs, lie is a man of
extraordinary enterprise and energy, of firm convictions, and
great tenacity of purpose, combined wilh strong common
sense, good judgraent, and excellent address. To Ihese
qualities his success in life, which has been without inter
ruption, is wholly due, for he commenced wilh limited
means and only such friends as his talents and character
had won. The location of the watch factory at Elgin was

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

499

obtained through the energy and perseverance of four gen
tlemen, of whom Mr. Wilcox was one. They purchased
and presented to the corapany thirty five acres on which to
erect their buildings, when Ihe tovvn had refused to do it. The
watch factory is in a greafmeasure the making of Elgin.

(AN, DYKE, EBENEZER, M. D., was born in
Warren counly, Ohio, Seplember 26lh, 1822.
His parents, natives of Pennsylvania, were araong
the pioneer settlers of Ohio, and emigrated to
that Slate in the Latler part of the last century,
engaging aflerwarel in farming and agricullural
pursuils. pie attended Ihe coraraon schools of Monroe,
Butler county, Ohio, where he acejuired his elementary
education. When eighleen years of age he engaged in
teaching school, and at the same lime pursued the sludy of
medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. W. W. Colwell.
He then also attended lectures at the Ohio Medical College,
and graduated from that in.stiuilion in 1846. He subse
quently coraraenced the praelice of his jirofession at Blue
Ball, Butler county, Ohio, where, at the expiralion of two
years, he became associated in parlnership wilh his former
preceptor, a connection which was continued for two years.
He afterward moved lo Mason, Warren counly, where he
resided during Ihe succeeding four years, removing laler to
Greenville, Dark counly, where he was professionally occu
pied for about three years. In 1S52 he travelled by the
overland route to California, jiurposely encountering the
attendant hardships in order to benefit his health, which had
become seriously impaired. In 1854 he returned from the
Pacific slope wilh fully recruited powers, and after a tera
porary sojourn in Ohio seltied in Illinois, selecting Shelby
ville as his Jilace of residence, where he has sinee raet vvith
merited success as a medical practitioner. In 1863 he en
tered the service of Ihe United Stales as Assistant Surgeon
ofthe 31st Regiraent of Illinois Volunteers, and served for
one year, when he resigned on account of enfeebled health,
and returned to Shelbyville, resuraing there his jirofessional
labors. He is a raeraber of the Shelby County Medical So
ciety, and a raeraber also ofthe District Medical Society of
Central Illinois. He was rharried in 1845 to A. M. Moore,
of Monroe, Ohio.

rtfORY, JAMES v., ex-Journalist, Postmaster of
Waukegan, was born in Wellington, Canada
West, October 12th, 1828. He is the son of Dr.
Cory. His education vvas acquired at an acad
emy, where he pursued a course of general
studies. In 1844 he seltied in Waukegan, then
known as Little Fort, the Indian name " Waukegan " not
being adopted until 1849. He there entered a slore, where
he was emjiloyed as a. clerk until 1852. He then became

associated in partnership with Daniel O. Dickinson, a
prominent merchant of the place, and until 1854 was
engaged generaUy in the store, assuming, subsequently, the
exclusive management of Ihe grain department. Fcr a
period of six raonths after the dissolution of the firm, in
1856, he prosecuted the grain business in Chicago, and also
sustained, for a brief period, a store al Hainesville. In
185S he purchased the Waukegan Gazette, and occupied ils
editorial chair, also conlroUing it as proprietor, until 1S71.
In i86i he was ajipoinled Postmaster, al Waukegan, an
office which he has sinee continuously retained, w ith the
exception of about two years, during Ihe administration of
President Johnson. Sinee 1871 he has been occupied by
no olher business but Ihat connected with his position as
Postmaster. lie was married in 1852 to Eliza P. Kellog,
of Waukegan.

1

i

J^'/r))ACEY, LYMAN, Lawyer, ex-Meraber ofthe Legis-
Q jJ| I (p lature. Circuit Judge of the Seventeenth Dislrict
of Illinois, was born in Tompkins county. New
York, May glh, 1832. He is Ihe son of John
Lacey and Cloe (Hurd) Lacey, who removed to
Michigan in 1 836, and in 1837 seltied in Fulton
counly, Illinois. His preliminaiy education was acquired
in the public schools of Illinois, whence he was transferred
lo Ihe Illinois College at Jacksonville, frcra which inslilu
lion he gradualed in 1S55. In tiie same year he cora
menced the sludy of law al Lewislown with Plon. L. B.
Ross, and in 1856 was adrailted to the bar. Locating in
liavana, Ihe counly-seat of Mason county, in October, 1S56,
he Jiraclised lavv iiji lo 1862, when he was elected to the
lower Plouse of the Legislature, on the Democratic ticket,
to represent Ihe counties of Mason and Menard, and served
one term. In June, 1873, he was elecled Circuit Judge of
the Seventeenth District, comprising the counties of Mason,
Menard, Logan, and De Wilt. His standing as a Judge is
deservedly high. He was raarried May glh, i860, to Caro
line A. Poller, of Beardstown, Illinois, who died Septeraber
12th, 1863; and again, May 19th, 1865, to Mallie A.
Warner, of liavana, IlUnois.

ILEY, ELI, Lawyer, was born in Bracken county,
Kentucky, December 6th, 1822. He is the son
of James Wiley and Rebecca Wiley, both natives
of Kentucky, who emigrated to Illinois in 1826,
locating themselves in Ihe eastern section of Ihe
State, where they settled finaUy in Coles county.
In his boyhood he attended the comraon schools, or rather
log schools, where he received his prelirainary education ;
and also learned his father's trade, that of bricklaying,
v-/hich he followed for several years after attaining his
majority. He was then elected magistrate, and served ill

500

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

that capacity with rectitude and ability for a period of ten
years. Toward the close of his term he applied himself lo
the study of lavv, attending lectures at the Cincinnati Law
School, and eventually was admitted to the bar. In i860
he entered on Ihe praclice of his profession in Charleston,
where he has since been successfuUy occupied. In 1861
the partnership of Wiley & Parker was formed, which firm
is slill in existence. For two years he officiated as Mayor
of Charleston, pie has been attached to the Republican
parly since the date of Ihe noraination of President Lincoln,
whose election he strongly advocated in various speeches
during that carapaign ; and has held several local offices,
and in many important jiarticulars has been instrumental
in advancing Ihe interests of his adopted town and county.
He was a Director of Ihe Sl. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute
Railroad, and is a Director in the Second National Bank.
He was married January 30lh, 1845, to Mary E. Mitchell,
of Charleston, Illinois, who died in 1854; and again mar
ried in 1857 to Martha S. Whitteraon, of Concord, New
Harapshire.

- cCHESNEY, ALFRED BRUNSON, A. M., M. D.,
of Chicago, Illinois, was born in TrurabuU county,
Ohio, August igth, 1826. His father was of
Scotch parentage, but carae lo the United States
when quite young, and though now in his eighty-
fifth year is still in good health. His raother,
though of English parentage, was born in Lancaster counly,
Pennsylvania, and lived wilh his falher in married life fifty-
five years. He removed with his jiarents to Illinois when
only ten years old, where he attended the various public
and Jirivate schools of the neighborhood, subsequently enter
ing Knox College of that Stale, where he graduated with
honors, receiving the degree of A. M. at that institution.
He now commenced Ihe study of medicine in the office of
Dr. John Babcock, at Galesburg, Illinois, an early believer
in homoeopathy. Pie attended two full courses of lectures
in Ihe medical department of the University of Michigan,
wdiere he graduated in 1853. He then immediately located
at Canton, Illinois, where he .secured a good praclice. In
1855 he went to Philadelphia to have Ihe advantage of
hospital antl clinical praclice, where he also attended lec
tures at the Homceopathic Medical College and the Penn
sylvania Medical College, in both of which institutions he
look Ihe degree of M. D. In 1856 he returned lo Illinois,
settiing in Quiney, where, though making many valued
friend;, his business vvas not satisfactory, and he only re
mained about two years. After looking about for some
tirae, and practising a few raonths in company wilh Dr.
George W. Foote, at Kewanee, Henry county, Illinois, he
raarried Lizzie A. Hudnutt, daughter of Dr. Hudnutt, of
Mount Morris, New York, and in i85g settled at Alton,
Illinois, where his wife died in i860. Here, in due tirae,
he obtained as much practice as he could attend to. In

1862 he was appointed Pension Surgeon, holding that office
tiU 1867, when he resigned. In 1862 he was appointed by
President Lincoln Surgeon in the Provost Marshal's office
for the examination of volunleers, recruits, and drafted men
— an office he held till Ihe close of the war, in 1865.
Though much occujiied by his official duties, by working
early and late he managed lo retain his private praclice. In
1867 he returned to Quincy, where he enjoyed a lucrative
business. But never feeUng quite satisfied with his profes
sion, and never fully believing in horaceopalhy as an ex
clusive guide in medicine, he gave up his jiractice, and in
1868 invested considerable capital, accuraulated in Alton,
in real estate in Chicago. This venture proved so success
ful that he is now independent, and no longer feels Ihe
necessity of active practice. During the great fire which
burnt Chicago, October 8th and glh, 1871, he was greatly
exposed, receiving a severe shock to his nervous system,
frpra which he has not yet fully recovered, although he is
gradually gaining strength and is able lo travel.

ARR, CLARK E., Poslraaster of Gialesbtirg, Illi
nois, was born in Boston, Erie counly. New
York, on May 20lh, 1836. He is a son of Clark
M. and Delia (Torrey) Carr. The family raoved
to Illinois when the subject of this sketch was
thirteen years of age, settling shortly after in
Galesburg. Clark E. received his education at Knox Col
lege, Galesburg, where, after passing Ihrough Ihe sopho
raore year, he entered tbe Albany Law School and gradu
ated from there in 1857, receiving Ihe degree of LL. B.
He has, however, never devoted much time to Ihe practice
of law. In politics he has alvvays taken a prominent and
active part. During the campaign of 1858, in the contest
between Lincoln anel Douglas for the United Slates Senale,
he warmly advocated the cause of Lincoln in his counly
(Knox). In the Presidential camjiaign of i860 he slumped
the State on the Republican ticket. In I £61 he was ap
poinled Postmaster of Galesburg, being on the first list sent
by Lincoln to the Senale for confirmation. This office he
has held continuously since that time. At the time of Ihe
breaking out of the rebelUon he became actively engaged
in raising troops in his Congressional district. Being a
warm personal friend of Governor Yales, who appreciated
Mr. Carr's abilities in that direction, he was summoned by
Ihe Governor to Springfield to aid hira in Ihe organization
of the Illinois regiments. The duties incident to Ihe raising
and organization of the troops were extraordinary ; but Mr.
Carr was found fully equal to the occasion. He accom
panied Governor Yates to several battle-fields, and aided in
forwarding to Iheir horaes Ihe sick and wounded Illinois
soldiers. In August, 1862, he was appointed a member of
Governor Yates' staff, ranking as Colonel. In this connec
tion he served unlil the close of the war. He was Ihe

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

501

Commissioner from Illinois of the Soldiers' National Ceme
tery, at Gettysburg,- and attended most of the meetings of
the Board of Directors of that enterprise unlil the comple
tion of the work at the cemetery. He labored assiduously
and effectively in his Slate during Ihe whole struggle, raak
ing war speeches and stimulating enlistments. In 1864 he
was a delegate to the Baltiraore Convention which norai
nated Lincoln and Johnson, and look an active part in that
campaign. During the Presidential contest of 1868 he took
the slump in New York in favor of Grant, and in 1872 was
engaged similarly in Pennsylvania, Illinois, and olher States.
In i86g he purchased the Galesburg Republican, of whieh
he acted as editor and proprietor for two years. He was
married December 31st, 1873, to Grace Mills, of Mount
Carroll, Illinois. As a political speaker and manager Mr.
Carr has contributed in marked degree to Ihe success of his
parly.

OLEMAN, EDWARD, M. D., was bora in Bur
lington, New Jersey, June 7lh, 181 1. His father,
John Holeman, vvas a native of New Jersey, and
engaged in fanning up to the tirae of his death
which occurred in Ohio, where he had finally set-
tied after leaving his native State. Edward's
prelirainary education vvas acquired in the common schools
of Ohio. On the comjiletion of his preparatory course of
sludies he comraenced the study of dentistry under the
guid.ance of Dr. Carr, in Mansfidd, Ohio, and remained
with him as a student for about two years. He then entered
on the practice of his profession with his tutor, who became
also his preceptor in the sludy of raedicine, which wider
branch of science he pursued for tiree years, in Ihe mean
time practising dentistry. Pie subsequently attended lec
tures at the Worthington Medical College, and upon finishing
his raedical education relinquished dentistry and confined
hiraself to the practice of raedicine. In 1843 '''^ settied at
Shawneetown, GaUatin county, whence, after a residence
of three years, he removed to Equality, in the same counly,
where he has since resided. His practice has been a veiy
successful one, and his skill as a physician has always stood
unquestioned. He was married in 1832 to Mary J. Carr,
daughter of Caleb Carr, of Damascus, Ohio, who died in
1847 ; and again, in l84g, to Mrs. Mary Harailton, of Equal
ity, Illinois.

^ASEY, HON. THOMAS S., Lawyer, State Sen
ator, was born in Jefferson county, Illinois, April
6th, 1832. His falher was Governor Z. Casey, a
distinguished citizen of Illinois, for ten years a
member of Congress ; for many years he served
efficientiy in the Legislature, and was Speaker of
the House. His raother was a native of Kentucky. He
was educated at the McKendree CoUege, Lebanon, Illinois.

After completing his allotted course of sludies in this insti
tution he appUed hiraself to the study of law under the
preceptorship of plugh B. Montgomery, vvith whora he
remained as a student for three years. Al the expiration
ofthal time, in 1854, he was adraitted to the bar. In i860
he was elecled Slate's Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial
Dislrict, having uji to this tirae been engaged in the practice
of his profession. In 1864 he was re-elected to Ihe sarae
position. In 1862 he enlered the array of the United
Slates as Colonel of the iioth Regiraent of Illinois Volun
teer Infantry, and served during the succeeding eleven
raonths. He jiarticipated in the battle of Stone River, and
took part also in many other minor engagements. On his
return from the field he resumed his professional Labors, and
until 1868 fiUed the position of State's Attorney. In 1870
he was elected to the lower House of Ihe Legislature, and
while a member of that body delivered a powerful free-
trade speech, which is notable as having been the first
sjieeeh of its kind ever delivered in the Legislalure of Illi
nois. In 1872 he was elected to the Slate Senate, and has
since continued to act wilh this public body. In jiolitics he
has always been an " Ironside Democrat." He was raar
ried in October, 1861, lo Matilda S. Moran, of Springfield,
Illinois.

¦REER, JOSEPH W., M. D., was born in Port
Ann, New York, August loth, 1816. His father,
EUas Freer, was a mechanic. His molher was
Polly (Paine) Freer, from Vermont. His parenls
were among the early Dutch settiers of New York
State, along the Hudson river. They subse
quently moved to the neighborhood of Auburn, and here,
in a select school at Weedsport, the subject of Ihis sketch
was educated. Unlil sixteen years of age he assisted his
father in his business, attending school in winter. When
he had reached his seventeenth year he enlered a dry-goods
slore in Weedsport, and shortly after reraoved to Clyde,
New York, and entered the drug store of his uncle. Dr.
Lemuel C. Paine, a prorainent physician of that place.
Here he learned the drug business and al Ihe sarae tirae
coraraenced Ihe study of niedicine. His uncle leaving
Clyde and reraoving to Albion, he shortly after, and in the
spring of 1836, at Ihe solicitation of his brother, repaired to
Chicago and entered his employ. Subsequently, his father
having removed to Wilmington, Illinois, he joined and re
mained with hira for nine years, following farraing and
stock-raising. At the expiration of that time he returned to
Chicago and enlered the office of Dr. David Brainard as a
pupil. Here he reraained Ihree years, attending also at the
sarae lime lectures in Rush Medical College, from which
he gradualed in i84g. A short lirae before his graduation,
however, he localed himself about twenty miles frora Chi
cago, in Cook county, and coraraenced practice. Here he
reniained two years. In i84g he w.as appoinled the De-

502

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

monstrator of Anatoray in Rush Medical CoUege, being the
successful one out of a list of twenty applicants, who cora-
peted for the appointraent by a lecture before the Faculty of
the college. This position he filled for six years, and at tiie
sarae time lectured on descriptive anatomy. In 1854 he
was appointed Professor of Anatomy, which chair he held
unlil his appointment as Professor of Physiology and Surgi
cal Anatomy in 1859. In 1868 the branch of surgical
anatomy he turned over to Professor Powell, and since that
time has confined himself to jihysiology. For four years he
was abroad, returning during the session in winter to fill his
chair in the college. Pie is one of the Surgeons to Cook
county. He is a member of the Slate Medical Society, as
well as of the American Medical Associalion. At times he
has contributed lo the literature of the profession. Pie has
also given numerous lectures on vivisections. Allhe present
tirae he is President ofthe Rush Medical Faculty. He was
married in 1844 to Emeline Holden, of Illinois; and again
in 1848 lo Catherine Galtle, a native of Wurleraberg

' NOX, JAMES, Lawyer and ex-Congressman, was
born in Montgomery county, New Vork, on July
4th, 1807, and is a son of Jaraes and Nancy
(Ehle) Knox. He was prejiared for eollege at
PlaniUton Academy, in Madison county. New
York, and enlered the sojihoraore class of Hamil
ton College, located at Clinton, Oneida counly. New York,
in 1827. Here he prosecuted his sludies for one year, at
the expiration of vvhich, in consequence of the closing of
the eollege, he entered Yale, frora which he graduated in
183a. Leaving eollege shortly before the senior comraence
raent, he repaired to Utica, New York, and entered as a
student the law office of Maynard & Spencer, leading prac
titioners of that city at the time. After qualifying himself,
he was admitled lo the bar in Utica in 1833, and in 1836
wa5 empowered to practise in the Circuit and Supreme
Courts ofthe State. In 1836 he emigrated to Illinois, locat
ing at Knoxville, the counly-seat of Knox. H-ere he shortly
acquired position, and thoroughly identified himself with
many improvements tending to develop Ihe surrounding
country and open up ils avenues of coraraunication with
other points. In this direction he became one of the prime
movers in the construction of the Peoria & Oquawka Rail
road, and acted as its first President. In 1837, shortiy after
locating in Knoxville, he procured the, charter for Knox
College, which was localed at Galesburg, and which to-day
stands foremost among Ihe inslilulions of learning in Ihe
West, having among its graduates raany of Ihe prorainent
raen of the Slate of tiie present day. In 1840 Mr. Knox
engaged in raercantile pursuils, which he followed success
fully for several years. He has also been extensively en
gaged in farming, having al one lime no less than six farras
in vigorous operation. In 1847 he was elected a raeniber

ofthe Constitutional Convention of the State. In 1852 he
was elected to Congress on the Whig ticket, and served for
four years. During his term of merabership he was on the
Mileage Committee, and also served as chairman of Ihe
Coraraittee on Roads and Canals. At the expiration ofhis
Congressional terra, his eyesight having almost failed hira,
he was obliged to seek raedical aid abroad, and accordingly
sailed for BerUn, where he remained for about two years,
returning in January, 1861. He again visited that city in
1865, and reraained there until 1869; also once more in
1872, returning in the fall of 1873. Of late years Mr. Knox
has not actively .applied himself to business, being content
lo rest on the accumulations of earlier years of labor. He
was married in 1840 to Prudence H. Blish, who died in
1846, leaving no issue. Thoroughly appreciating the ad
vantages of education, he has during Ihe past four years
donated various munificent suras to the following coUeges :
HamUton, and Yale, his Alma Mater, and Sl. Mary's, which
is a fine school for ladies, under the auspices of Ihe Episco
palian Diocese of the State ; also the handsome araount of
$10,000 lo the Swedish-Araeriean Ansgari College, whieh
is now in process of organizing. The suras contributed lo
Ihese institutions reach a total of $41,000. Thoroughly and
widely known in the" Stale, there are many who will always
hold green and hand down the raeraory of hira who by his
generous exertions to advance the cause of education has
done so rauch for the rising and fulure generations.

AY, WALTER, M. D., was born in Georgetown,
District of Columbia, on June I31h, 1830. His
falher was Charles Hay, a lawyer of Virginia.
His grandfather, George Hay, at Ihe tirae of his
death, in 1831, was Uniled .Stales Judge for Ihe
Easlern District of Virginia. His mother was
Lucy Chandler, of Georgetown, District of Columbia.
Waller vvas educaled at Ihe Jesuit College of Georgetown,
and in 1847 entered the service of the Uniled Slates Coast
Survey, vvhere he served five years as Assistant Engineer ;
he resigned on account of ill-health. He Ihen coraraenced
Ihe sludy of raedicine tinder Dr. Grafton, and graduated in
the raedical departraent of Colurabia College, Washington,
District of Columbia, on March 6lh, 1853. Going Soulh
for the benefit of his health, he practised in Charleslon, South
Carolina, during the years 1853 and 1854, and from Ihence
moved to Palatki, Florida. Subsequentiy he localed al St.
Augustine, where he remained nearly four years. He settled
in Chicago in 1857, and pursued his profession. In 1867
he became associated with Dr. J, Adaras AUen in editing
the Chicago Medical Journal, and slill continues in that
association. In 1871 he was appointed Leclurer in Rush
Medical College on Diseases of the Brain and Nervous
System, and Ihe following year was appointed Adjunct
Professor of ihe Theory and Practice of Medicine in Ihe

c^Cv^^-cC^^\^>- coP

BIOG RAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

503

same college. Both of these jiosilions he slill fills. On
diseases of the brain and nervous syslera Dr. Hay is con
sidered a high authority, and has contributed many articles
to Ihe Uterature ofthe profession bearing on Ihem. In 1856
he was married to Rebecca, youngest daughter of Hon.
Samuel Ringgold, of Washington county, Maryland ; she
died in 1858; in 1864 he was married to Angelica, oldest
daughter of lion. George B. Rodney, of New Castle, Dela
ware, who died in a few months, and in 1872 he was again
married to a daughter of Hon. George W. Jones, of Du
buque, Iowa.

' PTON, GEORGE PUTNAM, Journalist, was born
at Roxbury, Massachusetts, Oclober 25th, 1834.
Plis parents were of New England origin, and in
coniforlable eircuraslances. Al the age of twelve
years he enlered Ihe Roxbury Latin School, and
there filled for college. lie became a student in
Brown Universily, Sejitember 6lh, 1850, the lale Dr. Way-
land being Ihen President, and graduated with high honor
September 6lh, 1854. He then engaged for a brief period
in leaching school in Plymouth, Massachusetts. While still
in coUege he wrote nuraerous essays, jioeras and stories,
which were published in Dow's (Boston) Waverly Magazine.
His next productions vvere serial stories for Gleason's Pic
torial and the Flag of Our Union, and a long serial jiub
lished in the Boston Pilot. In Ihe fall of 1855 he removed
lo Chicago, Illinois, and became rejiorter on the Daily Na
tive Citizen, a Know-Nothing paper, then owned by Simeon
P. Buckner, afterward known as a General in the Confed
erate service. The Citizen, published by W. W. Danen-
hower, was issued from Ernst Prussing's real estate build
ings, then standing on Ihe spot afterward occupied by the
Sherman House, and ils principal editors vvere Washington
Wright and Williara H. Merriam. In Ihe autumn of 1855
he accepted the position- of eoramercial reporter fdr the
Chicago Evening Journal, and in that capacity attended
the daily sessions of the Board of Trade. He .soon becarae
known as an able writer up of local incidents, and a valu
able musical critic, furnishing Ihe first real criticisms on
musical perforraances wdiich ever appeared in a Chicago
paper. While with Ihe Journal, he comraenced also the
pubUcation of the celebrated "Gunnybag" letters, and se
cured favorable allenlion by his full and masterly reports
of the Burch trial. Late in i860 he look the local chair of
Ihe Chicago Tribune, and in Ihe spring of 1862 went South
as its war correspondent, accompanying the Union fleet frora
Cairo to Meraphis, and writing Ihe accounts of the capture
of Columbus, Nevv Madrid, Island No. 10, Fort Pillow, etc.
He was Ihen compelled by sickness lo return, and resumed
his position as City Editor of the Tribune, which he filled
until about the raidsuninier of 1863, when he becarae News
Editor. At the present tirae he is Ihe rausical, art and

draraatic critic, and reviewer of books for the Tribune, and,
owiiir.g tl few shares of Tribune slock, is a member of ihe
Tribune Comjiany. While attending lo Ihese duties, he has
corresponded with various newspapers; has supervised the
issue of Higgins' Musical Review ; edited for nearly a year
the Northwestern Insurance Chronicle ; and written a vvork
on the " Diseases of the Horse," and pursued thoroughly
Ihe sludy of numismatics. In this latter branch of research
he has raade great jirogress, having amassed a collection of
medals which is jirobably unsurpassed in the country, and
contributed much to nuinismatological literature, having
written a series of articles on Ihe coins of Scripture, pub
lished in Ihe N'otthwestern Chi'istian Advocate; an ex
haustive article on Chinese coinage for Ihe New York Nu
mismatic Journal; and a " Romance of Coinage," pub
lished in the Continental Monthly. He was married, in
October, 1863, to Sarah E. Bliss, of Chicago, and formerly
of Worcester, Massachusetts.

^TEVENS, HON. BRADFORD N., Merchant,
Farmer and Congressman, was born in Boscawen
(now Webster), New Hampshire, on January 3d,
1813. After the usual academic course he studied
one year in Le Petit Seminaire, at Montreal, and
graduated at Dartmouth College, Nevv Harapshire,
For six years he taught school in PlopkinsvUle,
Kentucky, and New York city. He reraoved in 1843 1°
Bureau counly, Illinois, where he entered inlo operations
as a merchant and farmer, always taking an active part in
the promotion of internal iraproveraenls. Pie was Chair
man ofthe Board of Supervisors of Bureau county in 1868.
Taking an independent stand in polities, he was elected to
Ihe Forty-second Congress as an Independent Democrat,
receiving 1 1,579 votes against gg63 for Ebon C. Ingersoll,
RepubUcan, and 868 for Ives, Teraperance.

LANEY, JAMES V. Z., M. D., was bora in New
Castle, Delaware, on May Ist, 1820. He in
herited a rank in society that gave hira Ihe con
verse of intelligent and cultivated people, and
Ihe opportunities for n thorough primary educa
tion. He gradualed from Princeton College,
New Jersey, when but eighteen years of age. Determining
to devote his life to medicine and its aUied sciences, hc,
after his graduation at Princeton, pursued his medical studies
in the hospitals and raedical schools of Philadelphia, and on
reaching his majority he received his raedical degree frora
Ihe Jefferson Medical College of Ihal eily. The science of
chemistry offering to his raind peculiar fascinations, he prose
cuted its study in the laboratory of Professor Henry, novv of.

in 1835.

504

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

the Smithsonian Inslilute, whose assistant he afterwards be
carae. Having, by careful jireparatory study and instruction,
fitted himself to enter on the practical duties of life, he,
when twenly-twQ years old, set out to explore the valley of
the Mississippi, then an imperfectly known land of jiromise.
He made his way down the Ohio, and during Ihe wdnter
of 1842-43 he was in St. Louis, and for ^ lime was in the
governmeni service in the medical departraent at Jefferson
Barracks, near that eity. Leaving there, he extended his
observations as far north as Sl. Paul, Minnesota, but finaUy,
in 1843, 'ii^ prospective future of Chicago induced hira to
fix on it as his perraanent horae. Here he entered on Ihe
praclice of his profession, and at once took rank, profes
sionally, socially and intellectually, with Ihe first raen of the
eity and Stale. He associated hiraself with Drs. Daniel
Brainard, Austin Flint, WiUiam B. Herrick, and others, in
founding Ihe Rush Medical College, with which institution
he remained connected as Trustee, Professor, or President
to Ihe time of his death. He assisted to establish the North
western Medical Journal, the earliest raedical periodical
iu the Norlhwest. He was its first editor, and always an
able contributor to ils pages. In 1857 he added to his pub
lic teaching in Rush Medical College the chair of Cheraislry
in Ihe Northwestern University, at Evanston. In the in
fancy of his adopted city he was a raember of its Board of
Education. Twenly-five years since he was one of those
who laid the foundations of the lUinois Slate Medical So
ciety, being one of its charter raerabers, and in 1870 he was
elected ils President. In Augijst, 1861, he entered the
array, and continued in active service in the raedical depart
raent until after the close of the war of the rebellion. He
w.as appointed Medical Director and Inspector at Fortress
Monroe, where he reraained nearly two years. Prior to the
battle of Winchester he was a raeraber of General Sheri
dan's staff. He spent the evening before the battle in the
General's corapany, and only by accident failed to partici
pate in Ihe famous ride of " twenty miles away," He had
charge of the wounded in that engagement. Ordered to
Chicago in 1864, he was made Medical Purveyor at this
place, and in this capacity disbursed large sums of public
raoney, in strict conforraily wdlh the honest integrity of his
whole life. While in the array he reached the rank of
Lieutenant-Colonel. After resi.gning his commission in the
army he continued, so far as his failing health would per
mit, his public teaching, the practice of his profession, and
his labors in the laboratory in analytical chemistry and
metallurgy. He was married in 1847 to Clarissa Butler,
daughter of the late Walter Butier, and niece of Benjarain
F. Butler, Attorney-General in Ihe adniinislration of Presi
dent Van Buren, and at one lirae Secretary of War. Of
their seven children, four still survive — two sons and two
daughters. The elder of the sons, James R. Blaney, is de
voting his life to chemical pursuils, in a manner not un
worthy of his father. In his mental organization. Dr.
Blaney vvas reraarkable for his quick intuition, clear per

ception, and adhesive meraory. Pie took in the subject
presented to his raind at a glance, seized its salient points,
and fixed thera indelibly on his mind. As a teacher he
was coraprehensive, clear and accurate. As a chemist he
held first rank in the Northwest His natural qualities, not
less than his medical attainments, jieculiarly fitted hira for
the practiee of his profession. Plis genial presence in the
siek-roora was always sustaining, and his knowledge of dis
ease and the proper use of therapeutic agents rendered his
ministrations to the sick particularly salutary. In social life
his conversational powers and charm of manner made him
rauch sought after, while his high qualities as a raan and a
gentleman caused him to be widely esteemed and respected.
He died, after a protracted Ulnes-s, on December nth, 1874.
Holding as he did the highest rank in Ihe Masonic order,
he was buried with Masonic ceremonies on the following Sab
bath from the Fourth Presbyterian Church, wilh which himself
and family were identified.

ICE, HON. EDWARD YOUNG, Lawyer, ex-
Judge, ex-Member of Congress, etc., was born in
Logan counly, Kenlucky, February 8lh, 1820.
He is the son of Francis Rice, a jireacher and
educator, and Mary (Gooch) Rice. His educa
tion, begun priraarily in the public schools of the
day, was corapleted at the Shurlleff College, in Alton, IlUnois.
In 1843 i^e commenced the sludy of law in the office of ex-
Governor J. M. Palmer, Ihen practising at Carlinville, Illi
nois, and in February, 1 844, was admitted to the bar. In
the following year he localed himself in HUlsboro', and there
entered on the practiceof his profession. In 1847 he was
elected Recorder for the counly (Montgomeiy). This office
he filled unlil 1848, when he was elected on the Democratic
ticket to the lower House of the Legislature, serving two
years, representing the counties of Montgomery, Bond and
Clinton. In 185 1 hewas elected Counly Judge to fill an
unexpired term of J. Ii. Ralston, who had resigned, and in
that capacity served for a period of Iwo years. In 1853 he
was appoinled, by the late Judge Charles Emerson, Master
in Chancery for iMonlgoraeiy county. In 1857 he was
elected Circuit Judge for Ihe theu Eighteenth Judicial Cir
cuit, coraprising the counties of Sangaraon, Macoupin, Mont
goraery and Christian. To this office he was re-elected in
1861, and again in 1867. In 1870 he was elected to Con
gress frora the Tenth Congressional District — coraprising
the counties of Morgan, Green, Jersey, Calhoun, Macoupin,
Christian, Shelby, Montgomery, Bond and Scott — on the
Deraocratic ticket. His terra expired in March, 1873, and
he was not a candidate for re-election. He was also a mem
ber ofthe Constitutional Convention of l85g-70, represent
ing Monlgomery counly, .and took an active part in ils
proceedings, serving on the Judiciary aud Education Com
mittees. He was married in 1849 to Mrs. Susan R. (AUen)
Coudy, of Kentucky.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

505

I AUCH, JOHN H., M. D., was born in Lebanon,
Pennsylvania, September 4th, 1828. He is a
son of Bernhard Rauch, a Pennsylvanian of Ger
man origin, and Jane (Brown) Rauch, a Scotch
Presbyterian, of Scotch-Irish exlraclion. His
earlier education vvas acquired in Ihe academy
of his native town. Selecting the medical profession, he
entered the office of Dr. John W. Gloninger, in 1846, a
prorainent and successful jiractitioner of Lebanon, Penn
sylvania. Matriculating at the Pennsylvania University in
1847, he graduated frora that institution in Ihe spring of
l84g. In the following year he located in Burlington,
Iowa, and commenced the practice of his profession.
During that year the Iowa State Medical Society was
organized, and becoming one of ils members hewas aji
poinled by Ihe body to report "On the Medical and
Economical Botany of the State ; " his report wa« presenled
at the next annual meeting. He was the first delegate
from the Iowa Slate Medical Society to the Araerican
Medical Association, and attended the meeting of this
body in 1851, Ihen convened at Richraond, Virginia.
During the yeai-s 1850-51 his attention vvas directed to Ihe
relation of ozone to diseases, and he bestowed upon Ihal
matter a careful and thorough investigation. About this
period, and during the prevalence of cholera, he called Ihe
attention of Congress to Ihe necessity of providing medical
aid for Ihose engaged in maritime pursuits on the western
waters, and succeeded in having established at Galena and
Burlington sites upon which were subsequently erected
marine hospitals. He was appoinled one of the commis
sioners to select the sites. The buUdings, eventuaUy con
strucled, were thrown open for use in 1858. In 1852 he
delivered the annual address before the State Horticultural
Society of Iowa, and during his residence in that Stale was
an active member of the Iowa Historical and Geological
Institute. In 1854 he became Deputy Grand Master of the
Grand Lodge of Masons of Iowa, and delivered Ihe annual
address before Ihe Grand Lodge. During 1855-56 he
devoted sorae tirae to assisting Professor Agassiz in the
collection of material for his work, the " Natural Plistory
of the United States," and secured a valuable collection
from the Upper Mi.ssissippi and Missouri rivers, particularly
piscatorial. A description of this fine collection was pu'b-
lishecl in Silliman's Journal of Natural Sciences. A
Jiortion of Ihe Iwo above naraed years he spent in Cam
bridge with Professor Agassiz. During his residence in
Iowa he vvas always active in advancing educational and
scientific interesls, and with others, in 1856, was inslru
raenlal in securing the passage Ihrough the Legislature of a
bill authorizing a geological survey of the Slate. In 1857
he was elected to fill Ihe chair of Materia Medica in the
Rush Medical College of Chicago; Ihis professorship he
filled for three yeai's, still continuing his residence in Iowa,
and in 1858 was elected President of Ihe Iowa State Medi
cal Society. In 1851, during his residence in Burlington,
64

his attention hiad been called to the increase in Ihe disease,
cholera, following the burial of a number of its victims in
Ihe Uniled Slales Cem^^lery, located there. Wilh others,
he became instrumental also in securing the vacation by
government of the ground for burial purposes, and Ihe
donation of il lo Ibe Buriington University for educational
purposes. In i85g he was one of the organizers of Ihe
Chicago College of Pharmacy, and vvas selected as Pro
fessor of Materia Medica and Medical Botany in thnt
institution. In 1861, al the oulbreak of the war, he
entered the raedical deparlment of the army, under Gen
eral Plunter, and participated in Ihe battle of fidl Run.
Shortly after this engagement he was appointed Brigade
Surgeon and assigned to McDowell's division. General
Keys' brigade, then stationed at Arlington. He was subse
quently with General Augur's command, and took part in
the capture of Falmouth and Fredericksburg. In July,
1862, he was transferred wilh General Augur to Banks'
corjis, acted as Medical Director at Cedar mountains, and
al Culpeper Court House assuraed direction of the reraoval
of Ihe sick and wounded. Through this carapaign he par
ticipated in all of the various engageraents, acting as
Assistant Medical Director of Ihe Array of Virginia. He
was also wilh General Pope through his carapaign, and
there rendered valuable service, saving by his exerlions
during the disastrous retreat the medical stores of the array,
as well as raany of ihe sick and wounded. At the battle
of Antietara he was placed in charge of the sick and
wounded of both forces, superintending the exchange and
paroling of disabled soldiers. He accorapanied Banks'
New Orleans expedition, and was assigned to duly at
Baton Rouge as Special Medical Inspector of the Depart
ment of Ihe Gulf Pie participated in the cajiture of Port
Hudson, acting as Medical Director during that siege, after
which he accorapanied General Franklin on the Sabine
Pass expedition, raoving with hira afterward up the Teche.
In 1864 he was relieved from active service in the field and
ajipointed Medical Director at Detroit, whence he was
transferred to Ihe Madison General Hospital, and there
mustered out of service in 1865. For services perforraed
during Ihe war he was brevelled Lieulenant-Colonel. On
his return lo Chicago, at the request of a nuraber of Ihe
leading citizens, he jiublished his views on the burial of the
dead in cities. This subject, i. e,, " Intramural Interments
and their Influence on Heallh and Epidemics," had been,
also by request, discussed by hira before the Historical
Society of Chicago, in 1858, and on his return his attention
being called to sanitary raeasures necessary in the city, and
his essay bearing importantly on the point, he consented to
publish it. In 1867, with others, he was instrumental in
having the Board of Health organized in Chicago. Ils
merabers vvere appoinled by Ihe Judge of the Superior
Court of the city, and he was appointed a raeraber of the
Board. Here he served until 1873, and during Ihat time
presented raany valuable reports on sanitary measures, viz. :

506

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

in 1868, a report on Drainage; in l86g, a report on the
Chicago river and the Public Parks; in 1870, a Sanilaiy
History of Chicago, wilh the official report of Ihe Board of
Health frora 1867 lo 1870. In the fall of 1870 he visited
the raining dislrict of South America, in order lo ascertain
what prospects existed of iraproving the sanitary condition
of the miners in the gold regions of Venezuela. During
his sojourn in this country he made a large and valuable
collection of natural objects for the Chicago Academy of
Natural Sciences, of which he has been for many years an
active and valued member. During the fire of 1871 his
" Report for the Board of Heallh," also a " Synopsis of the
Flora ofthe Norlhwest," his herbarium, his " South Araeri
can Notes," and raany other valuable papers on sanitary
measures were destroyed. At this tirae he becarae con
nected with the ReUef and Aid Society of Chicago, and
rendered valuable service as one of its associates and
agents. He has been actively engaged in the Board of
Health and in all sanitary iraproveraenls in Chicago during
the past six years and up to the fall of 1873. He has also
been a prominent meraber, and acted as Treasurer since its
organizalion in 1872, of the Araerican Public Health Asso
ciation. In 1872 he prepared a paper on Slaughtering,
and, by request, gave an opinion concerning the Schuylkill
Drove-yard Abattoir. He has in fact given so rauch atten
tion lo sanitary raeasures in various forras that he is con
ceded authority on all pertinent points, his views alwa.ys
coraraanding the attention and respect of Ihose best quali
fied to act as judges. In 1868 he published a report on Ihe
" Texas Cattle Disease." He is one of the Agassiz Merao
rial Coramittee, a member of the American Associalion for
the Advanceraent of Science, and has also been appoinled —
but has not yet accepted the appointment — one of the Sani
tary Comraittee for the Interior Department of the United
States of the Centennial Exposition.

I ROWN, GEORGE W., Inventor and Patentee of
" Brown's Corn-Planter," was born in Saratoga
county. New York, in 1815. He was brought
up on the farm and also learned the trade of
carpenter and joiner. In July, 1836, he emi
grated to Illinois, locating in the neighborhood
of Galesburg, where he engaged in farming and-, as oppor
tunity offered, in carpentering. Living in a State whose
staple product was cora, and being a tiller of the soil, Mr.
Brown was alive to the great value of an invention which
would lessen the labor incident to the growing of this
cereal. After careful study he prepared to put his ideas in
shape, and being a raan of sraall resources he was obliged
to raake his first planter frora odds and ends picked up
about his farra; this was in 1848. In 1850 he perfected
the machine. As is the case in the introduction of all
labor-saving inventions, raore particulariy in the direction

of agriculture, Mr. Brown met with much difficulty in con
vincing Ihe farmers ihat he had produced a niachine which
would greatly cheapen and lessen Ihe labor of corn-plant
ing. Possessing, however, an iron will and indomitable
perseverance, he took his planter and by practical demon-
slralion, renewed and renewed at every opportunity, con
vinced all who saw it of its utility. The first planters were
sold in 1853, and from that time until 1855 he raanufac
tured thera in a sraall way on his place near Galesburg.
In 1855 he reraoved lo Galesburg and erecled shops for his
purpose ; these works he has enlarged and improved from
lime to tirae, as the deraand required, unlil at the present
writing they cover about two-thirds of a block, and are in
all their appointraents raodels of adaptability to the end
sought. The works now eraploy about 150 hands and are
producing to the extent of $300,000 in value, including the
corn-planters and stalk cutters, which Laller irapleraent Mr.
Brown coraraenced to raanufacture about two years ago.
Like the majority of inventors Mr. Brown has labored
under nuraerous disadvantages. In the first place, Ihe
capital necessary for the extension and prosecution of his
invention has been derived solely from his own labor; as a
consequence developraents have necessarily been the work
of tirae. Secondly, after surraotinling all difficulty and
establishing beyond question the utility of his invention, he
found no lack of those vvho, possessing raeans, were ready
to rob hira of the fruits of his toil. He, however, deter
mined not to be spoiled of his just dues, and for a period
of twelve years he has fought numerous infringements, and
at last has reaped his reward by legally establishing his
sole right to the production of the irapleraent. Allhough
closely and constantly engaged in his business, Mr. Brown
has been and- is still alive to Ihe jiublic interests of the
town in which he has established his works, and has con
tributed largely and without stint to advance the cause of
religion and education in Galesburg. To him Ihe Melh
odist Church of Galesburg is indebted for a fine place of
worship, which has been erecled on ground adjoining his
works. lie is highly esteeraed and respected by the entire
coraraunity. He was raarried, September isl, 1835, lo
Maria Terpening, of Saratoga county, Nevv York.

ILKINSON, PION. IRA O., Lawyer and ex-
Judge, was born in Virginia, in Ihe year 1822.
When thirteen years of age he removed with his
falher to Jacksonville, Illinois, where he was
educated. For a short tirae he was Deputy
Clerk of Ihe county. While in this position he
forraed a taste for the legal profession and entered the law
office of Judge WilUam Thomas, where he remained until
admitted to the bar, in 1843. Soon after his admission he
forraed a copartnership wilh the lale Governor Richard
Yates, ancl practised for two years, the firm- being known

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

507

as Yates & Wilkinson. In 1845 'i^'^ associalion was
severed by the removal of Mr. WUkinson to Rock Island,
where he enjoyed an exiensive jiraclice. In 1852 he was
elecled Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of IlUnois; at
the expiration of this term he resumed his functions as
counsellor and attorney, but at the next judicial eleclion he
was again called to Ihe bench. While a member of Ihe
judiciary he gave unqualified satisfaction to the bar and
the general community. His decisions were always re
ceived with Ihe respect due to the abilily they manifested
and the judici.al impartiaUty by which they were character
ized. In 1867 he removed to Chicago and organized the
Law firm of Wilkinson, Sackett & B=an. He jiractises ex
tensively in all Ihe courls of IlUnois and adjoining Stales,
and the United Slales courts. This partnership was con
tinued up to January, 1875. As a lawyer, he is thoroughly
read, and, better, is complete master of the principles of
law. He is a counsellor rather than an -advocate, and is
regarded as a very safe adviser. Although nominally a
Republican, he follows the bidding of no party, and is in
no sense of the word a politician. This independence of
principle caused hira to support Horace Greeley for Presi
dent in 1872, as it did so raany of the best raen of the
country, who hold integrity and principle above jiarly.
Aside from his professional relations, Mr. Wilkinson is
greatiy esteemed in social life as a man of wdde anel
generous culture. In all relations his reputation is above
reproach; whether as a judge, a lawyer, or a citizen, a dis
tinguishing characteristic is his spotless integrity.

LLPORT, WALTER WEBB, Dentist, was born
at Lorain, Jefferson county. New York, on June
loth, 1824. He is the son of John and Eve All-
port. His falher was of EngUsh desceni, while
his mother's family were from plolland. When
Waller was about len years of age his father, who
was a sraall farmer, removed with his faraily to Scrilia,
Oswego county, Nevv York. There Walter worked on the
farm in summer, and hauled wood to Oswego in the winter
— a distance of four railes. On reaching his fourteenth
year, owing to his father losing his property, the lad vvas
thrown on his own resources. Nothing daunted by the
prospect before hira, Walter started out frora horae with
two stiver half doUars in his pocket. He journeyed on
foot forly miles, to Rodman, where he found eraployraent
wilh a farraer naraed Loomis. After a few raonths he left
this situation and proceeded to Watertown, where he
learned a trade and worked al it for two years, receiving as
corapensation for his labor board and clothing. Thereafter
he engaged as a journeyman, alternately working and
attending school. He had acquired in childhood the rudi
ments of an education, partly at home and partly in the
district school. For the raost part, however, he was his

ovvn teacher. During the year 1844 he entered the office
of Professor Araasa Trowbridge for Ihe purpose of studying
medicine. Wilh him he reraained for Iwo years, bul, de
veloping a taste for the study of dentistry, he in 1846 began
to devote his entire attention Ihereto, pulling hiraself under
the tutorship of Drs. Dunning & Robinson. The parlner
ship between his tutors was shortly afterwards dissolved,
and he then became a partner wilh Dr. Dunning. On De
cember 24th, 1847, h^ married .Sarah Maria Haddock,
daughter of Samuel Haddock, of Watertow-n, New York.
During the following year he raoved to Rome, New York,
and becarae associated wilh Dr. D. W. Perkins, jiraclice
being prosecuted under Ihe style of Perkins & AUport.
Again he changed his location, this lirae to Pulaski, New
York, where he conlinued to pursue his profession for four
years. During the winter of 1853 he attended a course of
lectures, and gradualed D. D. S. from the New Y'ork Dental
College. Plis attention having been drawn to the West as
presenting a fine field for the praclice cf his profession, he
visited Chicago in the sjiring of 1854. Having devoted
some Utile lirae to a survey of the city, he concluded ihat
he could not do better than settie there, and accordingly
he proraptly entered ujion the arrangeraents necessary for
the change. Returning East, he moved out vvith his wdfe,
and arriving in Chicago a second time on September 24lh,
1859, he has since made that eity his horae. Up to Ihis
time fortune had been soraewhat chaiy of her smiles, and
with a wife and Iwo children depending upon him for sup
port his total capital vvas two hundred and fifty doUars.
While looking around seeking to deterraine where to es
tablish himself he carae across a dentist of reputation who
was desirous of raeeting with some one to take charge of his
practice vvhile he went East for a few weeks upon a wed
ding trip. Dr. AUjiort accepted the charge, and gave so
much satisfaction that an offer of partnership followed upon
the other's return. The terms proposed were not satis
factory, hovvever, and he declined. Then he took an office
in conjunction vvith a physician over Ihe store of J. H.
Reed & Co., 144 Lake slreel. Here he construcled a sraall
operating roora, seven feet by eight, in one comer of the
front roora, by means of a wooden frame covered wdlh
cotton clolh and paper ; a table for his instruraents he raade
by nailing an ordinary board in one comer, covering it wilh
an old issue of tiie Chicago Tribune; and an operating
chair vvas secured by renting one such as is ordinarily used
by barbers. So prepared, he began business. At first mat
ters were decidedly slow. Plis first month's receipts were
but a trifle over twenty dollars, and those of the next not
more than thirty-nine. May isl, 1855, he look better
accomraodation in Clark street, but wdthout achieving
raarkedly better results, barely making his expenses during
the first year. His practice doubled in Ihe next year, and
in June, 1857, he moved inlo still more commodious
quarters. Just before he seltied in Chicago dentists began
using a preparation of gold known as crystal gold for filling

5oS

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

teeth. The use of this he early acquired. Alvvays w-ell
informed in the progress of bis - profession, becoming more
and raore raaster of ils science and adopting every valuable
mechanical improvement, he has year by year added to Ihe
amount of his business, and is now known far beyond the
limits of Chicago. Indeed there are few dentists in this
counlry, Ihe especial home of dentistry, vvho stand higher,
or who have a heller reputation at horae or abroad. In
.1856 he was elected Corresponding Secretary of Ihe Ameri
can Dental Associalion, and in 1858 President of ihe
Westem Dental Society. In i85g he accepted an invita
tion to deUver the valedictory address to the graduating
class of the Ohio College of Dentistry. The following year
he vyas elecled first Chairman of the American Dental As
sociation, and in 1865 vvas honored with the Presidency of
the American Dental Convention. In 1863, in associalion
witb the late S. T. Creighton, he began editing and pub
lishing Ihe People's Dental Journal, which vvas sustained
for two years. When Ihe American Denial Associalion
met in Chicago, in 1865, he, as Chairman of Ihe Executive
Committee, deUvered the address of welcome to the as
serabled members. In 1866 he was ajipointed Clinical
Lecturer bolh in the Ohio Dental College and in the-New
York College of Dentistry; in the following spring, at the
intiraalion of the faculty, he delivered the valedictory to the
graduating class ofthe latter institution. Dr. AUport is not
only an accoraplished dentist, but he is a gentleraan of cul
ture and a citizen of large public spirit and enterprise. He
enjoys the warra esteera and respect of a wide circle.

rgOLMES EDWARD L., M. D., was born in Ded-
hara, Massachusetts, in January, 1828. His father,
Edward B. Holmes, was a mill contractor. His
mother, Caroline Bullrick, was a native of Massa
chusetts. Edward L. attended the village schools,
and having been prejiared for college entered
Harvard in 1845, graduating therefrom in i84g. For two
years following he taught school in Roxliorough, and in
1851 enlered Harvard Medical School, taking his diploma
from Ihere in 1854, and being appoinled resident pupil in
Massachusetts General Plospital, where he labored until
1856. He then went to Europe, and was engaged in prose
cuting his studies in Paris and Vienna, giving exclusive at
tention to diseases of the eye. After a sojourn abroad of
nineteen months, he returned in March, 1856, and settled in
Chicago in the fall of Ihat year, vvhere he has .since resided
and confined himself to his specially, in which he has justly
earned a well-raerited reputation. He has for raany years
filled the Chair of Ophthalraology and Otology in the Rush
Medical College of Chicago. In 1858 he organized Ihe
-Eye and Ear Infirmary of Chicago, the building for which
was destroyed by the great fire. Il has, however, been re-
erected, and the institution to-day is one of the best of its

kind in the counlry, and to Dr. Holmes is almost solely due
its present condition. As an oculist he has few equals in
the counlry. Pie was raarried in 1862 to Paula Weiser, of
Vienna.

ERICKSON, RICHARD PATCH, Merchant, was
born al Meadville, Pennsylvania, July 6lh, 1816.
Pie is the son of Samuel Deriekson and Ann
(Patch) Deriekson. His father was a native of
Perry counly, Pennsylvania, and in 1812, during
the war with Great Britain, came with a company
of soldiers from Milton to Erie. After the war he removed
frora Erie to Meadville, where he settled. The lad was
educaled at the common school in Meadviile, and for sorae
months also attended Allegheny CoUege. But his scholas
tic advantages were small, and at twelve years of age he
was apprenticed to the business of cabinet-making at Water
ford. He reraained here learning his trade, and afterwards
working at it, until he was eighleen, vvhen, in 1834, he
started out to walk to Philadelphia, a distance of 400
railes. He accoraplished his self-imposed task, and arrived
in Ihe Quaker city with absolutely nothing but his knowl
edge of his trade, and a good stock of energy. He oblained
work with the well-known house of Moore & Campion,
cabinet-makers, on Second street, a house vvhich is still a
prominent one Ihere. From Philadelphia he shortly re
moved to New York, where he also for some time worked at
his trade. In 1836 he relurned to MeadvUle, and in Ihe
following year vvas married lo Mary Limber, daughter of
John Limber, of Meadville. He continued for sorae five
years after his marriage in his native town, steadily working
at cabinet-making, bul without achieving any advance in
his social position. Al length, in 1842, he determined to
seek a new field .for his labor in the rapidly developing
West, and reraoved to that section, raaking his entrance
inlo that expanding region through Ihe city of Chicago, then
containing a population of only about 10,000. Pie imme
diately settled al Sl. Charles, a rising town in Kane counly,
on Fox river. Here the great impulse of his life took a
def..nile direction. It was vvhen Ihe anti-slaveiy raoveraent
of Ihe country assuraed the political forra anel the Liberly
party, forerunner of the Republican, was organized. Mr.
Deriekson was a Christian man, a meraber of the Congrega
tional church. Naturally a reformer and politician of the
progressive order, he found himself a leader of the small
party in politics that proposed to remove the great evil of
slavery frora the nation. At this town, Owen Lovejoy, a
candidate of his party, was first nominated for Congress.
He was one of the raost active of a few persons in that sec-
lion in getting up a large convention lo act upon the public
mind. The eall drew thousands of people from the sur
rounding country, who assembled under a large tent pro
cured from Oberlin, Ohio. A violent storm occurred during
the meeting, which tore the tent into tattei-s. In reviewing

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Sog

the past, Mr. Deriekson h.os said that nothing gives him so
much pleasure in his course of life as his conneetion
with Ihe early anti-slavery raoveraent. It was the fore
shadowing of his public career. He is a raan who enters
wilh great zeal and perseverance into any work of benevo
lence lo which he is led by a sense of duly. Mr. Deriek
son now found it necessary to engage, raore Largely in busi
ness. Consequently, in 1847, he pemianently left St. Charles
and reraoved to Wisconsin, where he built a mill, and went
inlo the lumber and wood trade in connection wilh Chicago.
A few years later he made his permanent residence in Chi
cago, and continued in this line of business with increasing
prosperity till the breaking out of Ihe war in 1861. His
previous anti-slavery labors had prepared hira for Ihe emer
gencies of Ihis occasion. With his two sons he entered ihe
army, he receiving a commission as First Lieulenant in the
16th Wisconsin Regiment of Volunteer Infantry. He
served in this capacity for about a year, when he was ap
jioinled Captain. The regiraent suffereel very severely in
ils various engagements, and at length, in 1863, what re
mained of il was consolidated into olhers. His health being
irapaired, upon Ihe consolidation of his corapany he left the
service, and located permanently in Chicago, resuming his
luraber business, and adding to it that of brick raanufacture,
which, with the assistance ofhis sons, he stUl (1875) carries
on. He has held various iraportant official positions. He
was a member of Ihe lUinois Legislature from 1870 to 1872,
during which time four sessions of that body were held.
He was also, frora 1872 to 1875, a meraber of the State
Board of Equalization. He was Ihe Vice-President of the
"Citizens' Association," a body formed in 1874 by Ihe
prominent citizens of Chicago to protect the tax-paying cora
raunity against political corruption. lie vvas intimately
connected with the organizalion of the Illinois Humane
Society and of the " Floating Hospital Association," of both
of which he is Presideni. He vvas President of Ihe Anti-
slavery Reunion Commillee, ihrough whose management for
several succeeding months, asserabled as a reunion in June,
1874, one of Ihe most important gatherings ever held in
Chicago. His main public service, however, was rendered
during the great fire in Chicago, in October, 1871. Hewas
appointed by the authorities of the city lo take chief control
of the organization for Ihe relief of the burned-out and suf
fering population, and vvas invested vvith jilenaiy powers, a
large executive force of soldiers and police being placed at
his command. The object of the appointment was to pre
vent extortion and robbery, and to corapel the use of all
avaUable means for the efficient aid of the sufferers without
regard to privale interests. His wise use of these absolute
and dictatorial powei-s fully justified Ihe confidence of his
feUow-citizens. Within twenty-four hours of his appoint
ment he had secured the provision of food and shelter for
the mass of men, women and children, who had been driven
by the deslruelion of Iheir horaes to wander through the
Suburbs of the city ; bringing in all who could be found lo the

shelter of Ihe public charity. The following correspond
ence will, show the energy with which this great responsi
bility was discharged : Head-quarters of Relief,
Corner of Ann and Washington streets.
3 A. M., October nth, 1871.
R. B. Mason, Mayor :
Early yesterday two bands of raen were organized to
scour the suburbs, with in.slruclions lo irapress raen and
tearas when necessary, and bring in all women and children.
So far as is known every raan, woman and child has been
supplied wilh food and shelter. There appears lo be an
oversujiply of cooked and perishable food coming in. Would
it not be well lo telegraph Ihe countiy lo that effect ?
Veiy truly,
R. P. D
Head-quarters of Relief,
Comer of Ann and Washington streets.
4 A. M., October 12lh, 1871.
R. B. Mason, Mayor :
Dear Sir : — The w-ork of relief was vigorously prosecuted
yesterday. Twenty-six depots for food, ele, were estab
lished, and nearly one hundred cardoads of food distributed.
It will be necessary lo appoint some one lo take ray place
here, as Governor Palraer has called an extra session of the
Legislature, and it will be better for rae 10 go lo Springfield.
I respectfully recoraraend that you turn Ihe whole mailer of
relief over to Ihe Aid nnd Relief Society of the city wdlhout
delay. . . . O. C. Gibs, secretary of that society, has been
assisting in this work, and has been of great service.
Very truly R. P. Derickson.
Among the self-made men of the West, Richard P.
Deriekson is justly entitled lo a prominent place. He has
worked his own way unaided frora the condition of a poor
and almost friendless boy up to Ihal of a substantial citizen,
holding an honored jiosition. He has been the designer
and builder of his own fortune, and his success was founded
on Ihe old-fashioned principles of steady integrity and ear
nest work. The public po.silions given to hira byhis fellow-
citizens are founded on ihe same principles which have led
lo his social success, the able and steady discharge of one
duty leading to a higher trust. Especially did he deserve
well of his fellows in the fearful period of Ihe great fire,
and were it only for his disinterested and thoroughly effi
cient service in Ihal memorable time,' he would merit a
niche araong Ihe worthies of the Slate.

AVNE, THOMAS, was bora in Montgomery
county, Kentucky, on October 4lh, 1814. His
falher, WiUiara Payne, was a Virginian, and fol
lowed agriculture. His mother. Kilty (Bollor)
Payne, was also a native of Virginia. Unlil four
teen years of age he lived on Ihe horae farra,
availing hiraself of the meagre advantages of the village
school of that day during Ihe winler season. When in his
fifteenth year he was apprenticed to learn the saddleiy trade.

SIO

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

and after two years of close appUcation, his spirit of inde
pendence, combined with a strong desire to assist his parents,
prompted him lo leave his master and seek employment
where his labor would enable hira to carry out Ihose desires.
Accordingly he rejiaired lo Cincinnati, wdiere he worked
successfully at his trade for about one year. Then returning
to his horae, he engaged in the business on his own account,
and conlinued in il for about two years. Leaving Ken
tucky in 1834, he emigrated lo Illinois, locating on Moveslar
creek, about four railes frora Jacksonville. Here he fol
lowed his trade for two years, and also engaged in farming.
After reraaining there two years, he moved to Adams county,
Illinois, where he has since resided. At the end of a year
he entered into general mercantile pursuils in Marselline, in
which he conlinued for about len years. In 1846 his vvife
died there. She was Liza Trimble, whora he had married
in 1832 in Kentucky. During the same year he transfened
his mercantile pursuits to Quincy, but, owing to ill-health,
relinquished that business entirely at the end of two years,
and relurned to his farm al Marselline, on which he has
since conlinued. Starting with nothing but a good stout
heart and a pair of willing hands early in life, Mr. Payne
has accumulated quite a corapetence. He jiossesses to-day
at least 2000 acres of real eslale in Illinois, and is also
largely interested in town projierty. He is also interested
in banking enterprises, being a stockholder ia the Union
National Bank of Quincy. As a man of integrity and sound
business capacity Mr, Payne is well and thoroughly known.
He was married a second lirae lo Rosalthe Heberliiig, in
February, 1847, vvho lived only a few years thereafter. He
was again raarried, in 1857, April 17th, to Mary Frances
Denson, of Illinois, who is still living.

' ASTMAN, ZEBINA, Journalist, and outranked in
early connection with the press by only one or
two persons in Chicago, w.as born in Araherst,
Massachusetts, in 1815. He is the son of Dea
con Elijah Easlra.an. Left an orphan at an early
age, he vvas brought up in the faraily of Israel
Scolt, his guardian. His father was a prominent man of
the town, ancl his rejiutation is even now cherished in Ihe
neighborhood for his works of Christian usefulness. WhUe
yet young, Zebina acquired a love for reading which was
stimulated by perusing the literary magazines and journals
ofthe day, and he early in life determined to make journal
ism his profession. Al fourteen years of age he went inlo
the Amherst CoUege printing office, raanaged by J. S. & C.
Adams, lo learn the art of printing. While in Ihis office his
associations with students and others further promoted his
taste for literaiy raatters. One of Ihe friends he Ihen raade
was Isaac C. Pray, who afterwards becarae distinguished as
a wriler of bolh prose and verse, and was connected with
Ihe New York Herald. Mr. Easlraan, having remained in

Ihe printing office eighteen months, realized the need of
better education for the profession he had selected, and con
sequently left the Adams firm for a collegiate course. He
fitted for college at Ihe academy in Hadley. One of his
fellow-students here vvas young Joe Hooker, since known
as " fighting Joe Hooker," and Fred. D. Huntington, now
Bishop of New York. As close sludy did not agree wdlh
his health, he abandoned the college course, and went to
Hartford, and found his friend Pray, then editor of the
Plartford Pearl, and put hiraself directly under his tuition
as an editor, ancl wrote lilerary articles for the Pearl. While
slill a raere boy, and possessing sorae means, he vvas in
vited by a man of mature years to join him in the publica
tion of a newspaper in Vermont. This proved an unfortu
nate business investment, as was foreseen by his partner,
who abandoned him and Ihe enterprise after the specimen
number of their paper was issued. He thus, at the age of
eig'nteen, became the sole editor and proprietor of the
Vermont Free Press, of FayetteviUe, Vermont. The paper
only existed one year. He remained two or three years in
Vermont, and became a correspondent of several literary
papers and magazines, anrl resumed for a tirae his connec
tion wilh his early friend, I. C. Pray, who had in the raean
lime removed to Boston, vvhere he issued his paper under
the narae of Boston Pearl. A series of Eastraan's tales
printed in this paper, called " Traditionary Tales of Nevv
England," attracted considerable attention at that tirae.
While in Hartford, at his boarding-house, he raade the ac
quaintance of the celebrated Myron Holly, who vvas after
wards the falher of ihe Liberly party. He sat by his side
at the table, and hearing his discussion of the questions of
Ihe reforras of the day, his future Ufe was no doubt shaped
by the acquaintance vvhich then sjirung up. His arabition
was changed frora literature to reformatory jiroblems, and
he felt a strong desire to engage in political discussions. In
this transition state and before leaving Verraont for his final
residence in Ihe West, he had occasional connection vvith
several political papers. In speaking of this period he said
that he found that he could consistently wrile ttjioii either
side, and raore generally could conderan both. The raurder
of Lovejoy at Alton, in 1S37, for his anti-slavery jirinciples,
was the final cause which led hira to resolve to devote him
self to that cause. In 1837 he raoved West, first stopping
at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and arriving in Chicago in Ihe
spring of l83g. Thence, after a short period in Chicago,
he went to Peoria and worked on the Peoria Register,
edited by Samuel Ii. Davis, and at the same time wrole for
other papers. Under the .advice of Mr. Davis he joined
Benjamin Lundy, at liennepin, Illinois, in printing Ihe
Genius of Universal Emancipation. Lundy dying after a
few months, he succeeded to Ihe paper in l83g. In 1840
he issued, in connection with Plooper Warren, as its suc
cessor, the Genius of Liberty, at Lowell, Illinois. In 1842
he removed lo Chicago and comraenced the Western Citizen,
which in a few years had the largest circulation of any

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

S"

paper in Ihe West. It was an advocate of the anti-slavery
cause, and aided in founding the Liberty parly, the fore
runner of the RepubUcan. This paper vvas followed by the
Free West, and sustained the rejiutation of the leading paper
of the Liberty party, unlil that organization vvas merged in
the Fremont parly, and a distinctive organ being no longer
required, he transferred his subscription list to the Chicago
Tribune. Since that time Mr. Eastman's connection wilh
the press has been but occasional and as a contributor only.
In 1861, as a reward for his anti-slavery labors, he was ap
pointed by Lincoln as Consul to Bristol, England, which
position he occupied for eight years. While editor of Ihe
Western Citizen, he was also interested in other reforras.
He vvas for many years an advocate of the Peace cause and
the League, of Universal Brotherhood. In connection with
the Peace cause he went to the Peace Congress at Frankfort
in 1851, as a delegate for Illinois. He was an intiraate
friend of Elihu Burrill, and vvas the first to hail the publica
tion of the Christian Citizen, which he regarded as naraed
in comjiliraent to his own paper, which was then well known
throughout the country as the Western Citizen of Chicago.

jjARGE, WILLIAM, Lawyer, was bom in Arra
slrong county, Pennsylvania, February 26lh, 1832.
His parents vvere John Barge, who was of French,
and Jane (Elliott) Barge, of Scotch, descent.
While quite an infant his parents removed to the
Slate of Ohio, to a jioint about fifty miles south of
Cleveland, in vvhat is now Ashland counly. They remained
there about four years, and from thence went to Wooster,
in Wayne county, where his father died in 1850. In this
latter town he received his education, whieh was such only
as could be obtained at the coraraon school. In the suraraer
of 1851 he reraoved to Illinois, together wilh his inolher and
two sisters, travelling Ihe whole distance — about 500 miles
— by teara. They finally halted at the city of Rock Isl.and,
on the Mississippi, where he occupied hiraself partly with
teaching school, and at the same time reading law under
Judge Ira O. Wilkinson, then judge of that circuit, but since
well known as a prorainent lawyer in Chicago, and also
under Judge Pleasants, Ihe present (1875) circuit judge of
Rock Island. In 1S54 he again changed his location, going
to Dixon, in Lee counly, where he followed the occupation
of a teacher, and organized the first graded school ever
forraed in the county, of vvhich he was the principal for raore
than five years, occasionally also teaching matheraatics in
Dixon CoUege. In the fall of 1859 he took charge of Ihe
high school at Belleville, IlUnois, in Ihe vicinity of Sl. Louis,
vvhere he continued his study of the law under the eminent
lawyer, Hon. Williara H. Underwood. WhUe here, of his
own import and without any instruction, he prepared a
brief in an important railroad-land case in which Judge
Underwood and Governor Koerner were counsel, which

was accepted by them, and upon which the case was suc
cessfully tried. In i860 he returned lo Dixon, and in No
vember of that year was admitled to the bar, after an exarai
nation by Judge Corydon Beckwith, Hon. Norraan B. Judd
and Hon. Ebenezer Peck. The following year, 1861, he
began Ihe practice ofhis profes.sion in Dixon, in parlnershiji
with H. B. Fouke, under the firra-slyle of Barge & Fouke.
In 1865 this was dissolved, when he associated himself with
Dwight Pleaton, wilh whom he continued until 1869. In
this year he received an offer of partnership from Judge
Eustace, of Dixon, which he accepted, his brolherdndaw,
Sherwood Dixon, becoraing al ihe sarae lirae a raeraber of
the finn, under the style of Eustace, Barge & Dixon. This
Jiarlnership conlinued unlil 1874, when he reraoved his
office lo Chicago at the solicitation of the Hon. W. W.
O'Brien, with whora and Sherwood Dixon he Ihen formed
a new copartnership, under the name of O'Brien, Barge &
Dixon. In 1872 he becarae one of the attorneys for the
Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Corapany, and in that
capacity has tried all that corapany's cases in twelve coun
ties. He has always been prominently connected wilh
railroad litigation, and has had as extensive a praclice
among Ihis class of cases as any lawyer in Ihe .Stale. Both
the study and the practice of the law has ever been wilh
him a labor of love, and he is devoted to it not raerely from
motives of interest, but frora those of strong natural inclina
tion. He is a particularly successful lawyer both in civil
and crirainal praclice, and especially so in Ihe defending of
the latter class of cases. He has defended many capital
charges, and on each occasion procured the acquittal of his
client. Indeed il raay be said that during his whole prac
tice in all Ihe courts of record in every county north of the
Illinois river, in the Supreme Court of the Stele, and in
the Federal Courls of Chicago, no lawyer has been raore
generally successful, or has won raore cases. He was mar
ried in 1856 lo Elizabeth Dixon, daughter of Jaraes P.
Dixon, and granddaughter of the venerable John Dixon,
Ihe well-known pioneer of the Norlhwest, from whom the
town of Dixon is naraed, and who stiU (1875) survives, en
joying the affectionate reverence of the people of all that
section of country.

ILSON, WILLIAM G., M. D., was bora in Har
ford county, Illinois, January 2ist, 1827. His
father. Dr.' Joshua Wilson, is a practitioner in
Harford county, Maryland. His molher, Re
becca Wilson, was Ihe daughter of Ralph Lee
and Alice Lee, of the same county. He acquired
his preliminary education in his native county, at the Hal
lowell School, in Alexandria, Virginia. After completing
his allotted course of studies, he comraenced the study of
medicine under Ihe instructions ofhis father, and graduated
in 1852 from the medical departraent of the University of
Maryland. He Ihen engaged in the praclice of his profes-

512

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

sion in Harford county and in Ihe county adjoining unlil
1855, when he removed to Missouri and settied in Sl.
Charles county, where he was professionally occupied dur
ing the ensuing three yea.s. He subsequently jiraclised in
Green county, in the sarae Slate, until 1862. He then re
turned to Maryland on a visit, which was exlended to 1864,
when he raoved to Illinois, and estaiiUshed his office in
Shelbyville, where he has since resided, possessing an ex
tensive practice and the esteera of the general comraunily,
who respect him as a practitioner of undoubted merit. He
is President ofthe Shelbyville Medical Society, and a mera
ber of the District Society of Central Illinois. He was
married in 1867 to Frances A. Lee, of Plarford county,
Maryland.
r%^ ~^"^
I HEELER, HIRAM, Merchant, w,as bom in the
tovvn of New Haven, Addison county, Vermont,
August 20th, 1809. He is a son of Preserved
Wheeler and Esther (Bacon) Wheeler. His
grandfather, Peter Wheeler, was killed in the
massacre at Wyoming, Pennsylvania, near the
present city of Wilkesbarre. His education was oblained
at the district school in his native jilace ; and on leaving
school, when he was about fourteen years of age, he- went
as clerk into the store of an elder brother, vvho was a tanner
and general raerchant at Vergennes, Verraont. He reraained
here sorae three or four years, and Ihen reraoved to New
Yorle eity, where he became clerk in the wholesale groceiy
house of Stejihens, Lippincott & Co., of vvhich the well-
known John L. Stephens vvas the senior raeraber. After
wards he was engaged in the dry-goods establishraent of J.
W. & R. Leavilt, where he remained unlil Ihe fall of 1832.
In October of this year he went West lo Niles, Michigan,
where a brother of his, Tolman Wheeler, was occupied as a
general merchant. Early in 1833 he returned lo New York,
but after a short slay there he went back to Niles and settled
there, becoraing a partner with his brother, Tolraan Wheeler.
In the summer of the same year (1833) he and his brother
built a store at Laporte, Indiana, to vvhich he removed in
January, 1 834. Tolman Wheeler retired from the business
in 1836, but the Laporte house was continued by Hiram
Wheeler for several years. In 1843 Pliram Wheeler was
adraitted into paj-tnership in Ihe firm of Tolraan Wheeler &
Porter, which had been established in 1839 byhis brother and
J. F. Porter, and was engaged in the forwarding, coramission
and transportation business at the town of St. Joseph. This
vvas carried on successfully until the spring of 1849, when the
corapletion of Ihe Michigan Central R.aUroad to New Buf
falo having affected their trade they sold their boats lo this
company and reraoved lo Chicago. In anticipation of such
a change, a warehouse had been previously (in 1848) se
cured by Ihe brothers in Chicago, below Clark Street Bridge,
and in July of 1849 they established a grain bu.siness there,
under the narae of H. & T. Wheeler. Their operations

consisted in the buying and selUng, but not the storing, of
grain, which they handled in the old way by means of
horse-power. Their transactions were considered exiensive
even in those days, though trifling when compared wilh
their present trade. In 1854 Tolraan Wheeler retired frora
the firm, and in 1856 Hirara Wheeler relinquished the grain
business, and became engaged in the lumber trade, which
he carried on for some Ihree or four years. About the
spring of l85g he sold out of this business and returned lo
Ihe grain business, renting an elevator and comraencing the
elevating and storing of grain, which has since develojied
to such enorraous proportions. This trade he conlinued
alone unlil the fall of 1863, in September of which year the
present firm of Munger, Wheeler & Co. was established,
vvhich has been ever since so intimately connected wdth the
important interests of the grain trade of Chicago. The
house, like so many others, suffered severely in the great
fire of 1871, all their elevators being destroyed. They have,
however, been restored, and are working wilh increased
efficiency anel capacity. As early as 1838,. while at Laporte,
Indiana, Mr. Wheeler had been engaged in the grain trade ;
buying for othe'is and shipping il to Rochester, New York,
and to a large number of Eastern raiUers. In the same
year he becarae one ofthe originalors, in Michigan City, of
the Michigan City Branch ofthe State Bank of Indiana, of
which he was a Director for several years. He was Presi
dent of the Chicago Board of Trade in 1855. He was raar
ried in 1833 to JuUa Sraith, daughter cf P'r.ancis Smilh,
raerchant, of New York.

OWLER, REV. CHARLES HENRY, D. D.,
LL.D., President ofthe Northwestern Universily,
at Evanston, IlUnois, was born in Busford, Ujiper
Canada, Augtist iilh, 1837, and is the second son
and youngest child of Horatio Fowler and Har
riett (Ryan) Fowler. The faraily eraigrated to
America at a period cotemporaneous with the passage of the
" Mayflower." Iiis father, a Canadian rebel and refugee,
prominent in the revolutionary movements in Canada in
1837, was of English desceni, and traced back his remote
ancestry to a Plighland chief of the eighth century. His
raother vvas the daughter of a zealous Metiiodist preacher
naraed Henry Ryan, from whora arose a seet soraetirae
known as the Ryanites, now merged, however, in the
Methodist Episcopal Church. She was a relative of Daniel
Webster, a woman of great mental power and of exalted
piely, and from the earliest days stood before her children
as an adrairable exaraple of high intellectual culture com
bined wilh earnest work. In 1841 his father reraoved with
"lis faraily to Newark, Illinois, and there engaged in farra
ing. In this Jilace, where he vvas reared, he obtained his
elementary education. In 1854 he attended Ihe Rock
River Serainary, at Mount Morris, in Ogle county, and in

.BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

5'3

the spring of 1855 entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminaiy,
at Slma, New Y'ork, where, hovvever, he kejit bul one term.
In the same year he began his college career in the Genesee
College, and gradualed valedictorian in l85g, taking laler
his degree of M. A. Also in l85g, he went to Chicago and
commenced the study of lavv. Antedating this step, how
ever, while in his boyhood he had experienced Ihe convic
tion of a call to Ihe ministry, but, backsliding for a lime,
yielded to his ambition, vvhich urged hira to becorae a learned
and brilliant lawyer. Within a few months, however, he
abandoned this course of legal studies, and, his religious
irapulses dominating his being, he felt irapelled to devote
hiraself to the vvork ofthe Christian ministry. On a Christ
mas night, at twelve o'clock, after seven days and nights of
earnest internal struggle, he came to a fixed decision to
preach. With this end in view he became a student of
theology in March, i860, in the Garrett BibUcal Institution
at Evanston. Plere he soon w-on distinction, and graduat
ing in November, 1861, took the degree of Bachelor of Di
vinity. He then united himself with Ihe Rock River An
nual Conference, and was shortly afterward stationed at Ihe
Jefferson Street Methodist Episcopal Church in Chicago,
where he remained two years, which was the full extent of
the time ordained by the old Conference regulation. So
youthful was his appearance vvhen his initiatory pastoral call
placed hira in the position of spiritual guide that it elicited
the reraark : " Such a green-looking boy ! " In the fall of
1863 he became the pastor of the Clark Street Melhodisl
Episcopal Church of Chicago, "the oldest church in Ihe
city," where he served three years. He there presided over
a full church. In 1866, when bul Iwenly-eighl years of
age, he was elected President of Ihe Ministry, and in 1867
had conferred upon hira the degree of D. D. In 1 865 he
returned to the pastorate of the Jefferson Street Church, the
raerabers of which had in the raeanlime sold their church
building and adopted the name, " Ihe Centenary Melhodist
Episcopal Church." They worshipped teraporarily in the
Second Universalist Church, and met on Sabbath afternoons
only. Prior to his relinquishment of Ihe Clark street pas
torate he preached a sermon relating to the Lincoln merao
rial, which elicited favorable comraents frora raany quarters,
and was widely cited as a masteriy effort. Through Ihe
earnest efforts of bolh pastor and people the new Centenary
Church, on West Monroe street, was speedily erected, and
the comraunion removed thither. In the early pari of 1868
he again made a change, and accepted Ihe charge of the
Wabash Avenue Church, vvhere he continued his labors
during i868-6g and 1870. In the laller year he relurned
to his eariiest charge, Ihe Centenary Melhodist Episcopal
Church, and remained there unlil 1872, when he accepted
his present position of Presideni of ihe Northwestern Uni
versity. He continued, hovvever, to perforra pastoral duties
at this church for about six months after Ihe commencement
of his presidency. He had already in 1866 received the
unanimous election to Ihis important and honorable position ;
•6t

bnt at that time concluded that his path Lay raore clearly
and rightfully with Ihe itinerancy than wilh Ihe universily.
On being called a second time to the post, however, he de-
fided to accept il, and has conlinued up to the present time
(1875) 'o discharge its functions wdth his usual zeal and
ability. Since his incumbency the number of students at
the university has increased three-fold — in 1874 ihe attend
ance was 1035, at preseni it is about 1200 — and he has
added to Ihc inslilulion the Colleges of Technology, of
Lileralure, of Art and of Lavv, and also a Woman's College.
It is now Ihe largest and wealthiest universily of Ihe denomi
nation, and is the most exiensive church college in the
United Stales ; while ils head possesses so thorough an in
fluence over Ihe students thai, when he lectures on logic,
mental and moral science, they would raiss the raidday raeal
rather Ihan lose a sentence of his discourse. After the great
fire in Chicago in 1871 he held' the position of Senior Paslor
in Ihe Methodist Episcopal Coramunion, and in this capacity
had the general superintendence of the churches in the city.
With his usual energy he look a very active part in the
raising of funds for the rebuilding of the church edifices
after that memorable disaster, and in the ciiy of Philadelphia
alone secured for the purpose, chiefly by his own exerlions,
Ihe sum of forly thousand dollars. The fund thus obtained
was the means of retaining the Garrett Biblical Institute in
the hands of the Melhodist Episcopal Church. While the
Chicago relief movements were in operation he declined to
go on committees, but he was really a leader in nearly every
important effort. Allhough still a young man, he holds a
high position in his denoraination, and his fulure career
seeras destined to be eminentiy useful and brilliant. He is
greatly in demand among the people of his coraraunion,
and has received invitations to the pastorales of the greater
portion of the leading churches of the Methodist Episcopal
sect. He was the youngest white delegate to Ihe General
Conference in Brooklyn, Nevv York, and on this occasion
received nearly enough voles lo elect hira to the Episcopate.
He was put forward by raany leading raen as a candidale
for the Bishopric, and nothing but his youlh defeated the
movement. He was also one of three delegates to Ihe
Melhodist Episcopal Church South on "Fraternity,'' the
others being Dr. Albert S. Hunt and General Clinton B.
Fisk. As an author his raost pretentious vvork is his answer
to Dr. Colenso's book, which becarae very jiopular and had
an extensive sale. It is a brightly written, logical produc
tion, and exhibits an unusual araount of learning and general
arguraentative ability. He is also widely known as a writer
on raiscellaneous subjects. He was raarried. May 25lh,
1863, to Esther Ann Warner, of Lawrenceville, Tioga
county, Pennsylvania, who died in August, 1866. She
was his classraale in the Genesee CoUege, and was a woraan
of extraordinary talent and learned acquireraent, being a
proficient in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, F'rench and German.
He was again manied, October 7th, 1868, to Mira A. Hitch
cock, daughter of Rev. Dr. Hitchcock, Ihe senior agent of

5H

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

the Westem Methodist Book Company. He has two chU
dren, a son and a daughter, and is also the father by adop
tion of two other children, a boy and a girl.

fcs^NGERSOLL, COLONEL ROBERT G., Lawyer,
So 4:1 was born in N.;w York city in 1833. His falher

ao* was born in N.;w York city in 1833. His falher
% t was a Presbyterian cler.gyraan, al lljat time preach-
& ^^ ing Ihere ; afterward he settled near Oberlin, Ohio ;
i>'^^ again in Wisconsin, and laler in Williamson counly,
Illinois. Robert G., vvho during these faraUy
changes had enjoyed but iraperfect educational advantages,
here began to sludy law, and vvas admitted to the bar of the
Stale before he became of age. He opened a law practice
in Marion, Illinois, and within a year was a candidate for
the office of District Attorney, and soon after for Congress,
though unsuccessful. After a praclice here of three years
he removed lo Peoria, Illinois, where he resumed his pro
fession, in p.arlnership with his brother, Hon. E. C. Inger
soll, for six years meraber of Congress frora the Fifth Dis
trict of Illinois. He vvas engaged mainly in criminal cases,
in which he acquired an extensive praclice and high repu
tation. As a Douglas Democrat and a jiolitical speaker on
the issues of thos'e days he became widely known as an able
and finished orator. At the breaking out of the rebellion
he organized several regiments, of one of which, the 12th
Illinois Cavalry, he became Colonel, accompanying it into
the service. He was engaged in Ihe battle of Corinth, vvhere
he was raade a prisoner, and exchanged ; and vvas in several
olher engageraents. After a service of two and a half years
he resigned from ill-health, relurned horae and resuraed his
profession at Peoria, engaging raainly in civil practice. In
this also he attained a wdde praclice and distinguished suc
cess. He became Attorney-General of the State of Illinois
in 1867, and was also at one time a candidale for the Gov
ernorship. He again entered Ihe field as a political speaker
in Ihe PresidenlLal contest of 1868; and Senator Fessenden,
who heard hira repeatedly, pronounced him " the rao.st ac
complished and fertile speaker he had ever heard." His prac
tice has more recently been turned especially to railroad law,
in which he is unquestionably one ofthe ablest practitioners
in ihe counlry, enjoying an iraraense and lucrative business.
No lawyer in the Slate, out of Chicago, and but few in that
city, has as large a practice in Ihat department. His brother
at length retired frora the firm, which underwent various
changes. He at one time associated wilh hiraself Judge
Sabin D. Pululaugh, afterward Eugene McCune, and Ihen
Captain George Pululaugh. The firra-slyle is at preseni,
Ingersoll & Pululaugh— Colonel Ingersoll and Captain
Pululaugh. Colonel Ingersoll has also engaged in the field
of lileralure and of public lectures, and has pubUshed a
book, "The Gods," containing a lecture on the gods; one
delivered at Peoria at the liuraboldl centennial ; another de
livered at Thoraas Paine's anniversary; and still anolher on
" Heretics and Pleresies," suggested by the Palton-Swing

trial, and delivered before a crowded audience in Chicago;
He becarae in deraand all over the land for lecture engage
ments, and was urged to lecture in Boston by Charles Sura
ner, but decUned Ibe invitations to attend to the clairas of
his professional duties. Heos an avowed Infidel, and his
work, " The Gods," attracted wide notice and the general
criticism of the religious press East and West. He stands
ainong the foreraost men of Illinois, marked by great legal
talent, forensic skill and rhetorical finish ; versed in nearly
every department of science, highly cultivated in literaiy
taste, absteraious in personal habits, rarely gifled in conver
sational powers, and enjoying the high regard of his fellow-
citizens. He was offered a Generalship during the war, but
would not accept a position and responsibility for which he
had not an adequate niiUtary education. He was raarried
in 1872 to Eva Parker, of Groveland, Illinois, by whom
he has two daughlers.

ULLOM, HON. SHELBY M., Lawyer, was bom
in Wayne county, Kenlucky, Noveraber 22d,
1829. His falher removed wilh him, when
scarcely a year old, to Tazewell county, Illinois.
Until he had attained his nineteenth year he was
engaged in working on the paternal farra in sura
mer, and in the winter months attended a neighboring
school. During ten raonths of this tirae he was employed
also in teaching school. He Ihen left home, and became a
student at Ihe Mount Morris Universily, bul at the close of
his second year there was obliged to leave on account of
his heallh. Returning to his horae he reraained there unlil
his energies were recruited, when he enteretl the office of
Stewart & Edvvards, at .Springfield, Illinois, and coraraenced
the study of lavv. He was in a short lirae admitted to jirac-
tise, and was imraediately elected City Attorney, which
office he held for one year. In the ensuing Presidential
carapaign of 1856 he was placed on the electoral ticket for
Fillmore ; and also norainated for the Slate Legislature by
Ihe Fillmore and Fremont parties, uniting, and was elecled.
At Ihe meeting of the Legislature he was voted for by the
Fillmore adherents for Speaker of Ihe House. In i860 he
was again elecled to the Legislature from Sangamon county,
and was then chosen to fill the office of Speaker. In 1862
he was appoinled by President Lincoln on a commission
vvith Govemor Boutwell, of Massachusetts, and Charles A.
Dana, afterward Assistant Secretary of War, to proceed to
Cairo, Illinois, for the purpose of examining into the ac
counts and transactions of quartermasters and commissary
officers, and pass upon claims allowed by Ihem against the
government. He was afterward a candidate for Ihe Slate
Senate, and for a seat in the Constitutional Convention, in
a Democratic dislrict, and was defeated. In 1864 he was
nominated by the Union jiarty of his district for Congress ;
and although Ihe dislrict at the last previous eleclion had
been Democratic by about fifteen hundred majority, yet he

'--¦n-E i'h^ !">f;.-, E IPiir;

HON. SHELB'Y M. CULLOM,
REPRESENTATIVE FHOM ILLINOIS,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

515

was elected by a majority of seventeen hundred, thus de
feating Hon. John Stewart, wilh whom he had read law.
Iiis first speech in Congress was in answer to Mr. Plarding,
of Kentucky, who had spoken bitterly against the Union
Jiarly of the countiy, and, among other things, had said that
" It was tirae a little posting was done." The following is
a short extract from that speech : " Sir, we are willing that
the items of the account shall be called over, the long col
umns added together, .i balance sheet struck, so Ihat the
Jieople may see at a glance how the matter stands. And
may I call upon Ihe loyal peojile to hold to strict accounta
bility Ihe p.arly who is the debtor, as appears from a posting
since the beginning of the accursed rebellion. . And as
we proceed in the jierformance of our responsible duties,
let us stand by that old maxim, ' Let justice be done though
the heavens shall fall.' " He was renominated by Ihe Union
parly of his district in i865, and vvas elecled by more than
double his first majority. In Ihe deliberations and doings
of this, the Fortieth Congress, he took an active and prora
inent part. On one occasion, in participating in a discussion
on a raeasure for the protection of American citizens abroad,
he said : " To-day there are about two million people in our
country from Ihe Gemian States, and about Ihe sarae nura
ber frora Ireland, that land of persecution. During the fiscal
year ending June 30lh, 18S6, there vvere 330,705 eraigrants
carae to this country ; and during the last fiscal year ending
J-ane 30lh, 1S67, there were 310,114. . . . And as they
corae full of hope and courage, they expect soon to gather
beneath the protecting branches of the tree of liberly and
enjoy the blessings of a free governraent. Shall this nation,
as in days past, still say. Come ? ShaU our consuls and
emigrant agents abroad still continue to jioint out to those
opjiressed millions the advantages and glories of this country,
its lands, ils institutions, its government ? Shall vve con
tinue our naturalization laws upon our statute books ? Shall
we invite raen — honest raen — lo lake an oath to supjiort the
Constitution of the Uniled States and renounce all alle
giance to the sovereign over Ihe land'of their nativity ? Sir,
the answer to these questions depends upon Ihe action of
the government in jirolecting or failing to protect its people.
Our duty is plain, sir. It is to declare the position of the
American governraent, and see that the govemraent stands
by and maintains that position, in the protection of Ihe rights
of naturalized citizens whom vve have invited lo our shores,
and who have sworn aUegiance to our country," etc.

JARTLETT, REV. WILLIAM ALVIN, D. D.,
was bora in Binghamton, New York, December
4th, 1832. His falher was Joseph Bartiett, a
farmer, sheriff, canal commissioner, and other
wise in public life. His mother's name was
Deborah Cafferty. He vvas Ihe oldest of a faniily
of ten children, including nine brothers, Ihe next younger

being Major-General Bartiett, at one tirae minister to
Sweden. He attended the coraraon school and acaderay,
and then enlered liamiUon College, and, after sorae diffi-
cully, whieh resulted in his "rusticating" for a vvhile at
Cazenovia Seminary, which institution in later years re
quested hira, as an aluranus, to deliver an address at its
fiftieth anniversary, he finaUy graduated frora Hamilton
College in 1852, at Ihe tige of nineteen, with high honor,
taking the valedictory, though the youngest and smallest in
his class. He next went to Staunton, Virginia, and taught
languages for a short tirae. He had already studied lavv at
college, and vvas read/ for admittance to the bar, but turned
aside frora this vocation lo the ministry, and entered Union
Theological Seminary, of Nevv York, where he continued
for two years, and then went abroad to complete his studies
under Tholuek and olher great teachers at the Universities
of Heidelberg, BerUn and PlaUe, matriculating at Ihe latter
at the end of Iwo years. He Ihen returned, and, ihough merely
licensed, began preaching to a church at Owego, Nevv York,
vvhere he remained about one year, and vvas regularly or
dained. In 1358 he became pastor of the Elm Place Con
gregational Church, cf Brooklyn, Nevv York, vvhf/e he en
tered upon the career which has made hira a distinguished
preacher and paslor. The First Brooklyn Tabernacle was
built for him, wilh a sealing capacity of two thousand, and
was well filled. This resulted in building the Elm Place
Church, of which he conlinued pastor for over ten years.
It vvas a large and jirosperous church, wdth a rautual attach
ment of paslor and jieople ; and here he exjiecled lo do his
life-work. But a young friend and relative. Rev. Lewis
E. Malson, had been called to the Plyraouth Church of
Chicago, and Dr. Bartlett was invited to pieach the dedica
tion sermon. After Mr. Matson's dealh Dr. Bartlett ac
companied his remains on their retura to Chicago, delivered
the funeral address, and supplied the pulpit a few Sabbaths,
while visiting in the vicinity. Frora these circumstances
grew his call lo the Plyraouth Church of Chicago, of which
he is now pastor. He received an immediate call frora
Ihera, lo his great surprise, which he at once declined, as
being perraanentiy and happily settled, as it seemed, for life,
al Brooklyn ; having indeed just built a new residence there.
But the call was repeated and pressed so urgentiy that he
al length resigned, accepted the nevv field, and reraoved lo
Chicago in l86g. He had in Ihese years, in coraraon with
others of his Brooklyn compeers, acquired celebrity and a
handsome income outside ofhis parish duties in the lecture
field, vvhere he vvas equally popular. After the great fire
of Chicago Plymouth edifice vvas sold, and the congregation
raoved farther soulh, uniting in worship vvith the Soulh
Congregational Church ; these were afterward merged in
one organization, and a new Plymouth Church vvas built, a
remarkably fine slone edifice, wilh the raost complete ap-
poinlnients, modelled on a new and unique plan, Ihe result
of Ihe study and planning of himself and his wife, an artist,
Chariotte A. Flanders, of Milwaukee, to whom he vv.as

5i6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

married in l85g. Il is the largest church auditorium in Ihe
city, seating two thousand people. His heallh being some
what impaired, he went abroad with his vvife, to remain
during Ihe building of the new church, having laid ils
corner stone two days before their departure. After revisit
ing Ihe old professors and the familiar scenes of his student
life, they reached Berne, Swdlzeiiand, vvhere his vvife, a
woman of ihe most robust health, was stricken down with
heart disease, and died within four days, September I2lh,
1874. He returned with her reraains, .and resuraed his
labors. The new church was dedicated, July 4th, 1875.
Here, as in Brooklyn, he is a raan of recognized power and
ability, and equally endeared to his people.

JlLANCHARD, JONATHAN, President of Whea
ton CoUege, was bom in Rockingham, Vermonl,
January igth, 1811. Brought up on those rugged
hills on a farm, one of a large faraily, he was
eariy inured to labor, and oblained the rudiments
of an EngUsh education at Ihe district school,
one raile frora his horae, to which in winter he waded
through drifts of snovv or wintry storm, unmindful of wind
or weather, so eager was he in the jiursuit of knowledge.
He obtained his academical education at the Chester
Academy, and also enjoyed advantages of private tuition in
the classics, under the tuition of Rev. Dr. Burnap, after
wards of Lowell, Massachusetts. He enlered Middlebury
College in 1828. Close ajiplication to study, with irregular
and insufficient exercise, injured it naturaUy fine constitu
tion and clouded the commeiicement of his student life.
His finances were low, but, though araong strangers,
nothing daunted, he worked his way Ihrough with success.
In college he developed poetical talent of a high order.
After graduation, in 1831, he was apjioinled Preceptor of
Plallsburg (Nevv York) Academy, where he taught success
fully two years. All through his course after his conversion
to God, when sixteen years old, he labored as opportunily
offered in Sunday-schools and in school-house raeetings, as
well as in what were known Ihen as three-days raeetings ;
also in helping in the temperance work by exhortations and
addresses, and his services were highly apjireciated in
raany places. Feeling called lo Ihe work of preaching the
gospel, he enlered the Theological Serainaiy at Andover,
Massachusetts, and studied Ihere, in the days of Professors
Stuart and Woods, two years. WhUe in Ihis seminary,
agitation on the slave question was aroused by the lectures
of George Thompson, and young Blanehard's interest being
awakened, on looking inlo the subject he discovered, as he
says, " Ihat the Araerican churches, Andover included,
were chloroforraed by the slave power," and he decided
that he raust either quit Ihe rainistry or crouch and whine
before slave raasters, unless he were bold enough lo fight

for his convictions. His own words are : "I had lio par'
ticular taste for counterfeiting money for a living; but I
would rauch sooner have atterapted it than make a counter
feit of religion, by standing at the communion table wilh
slavery shouldering ill loving fellowship by my side. I
saw, too, that many of the Abolitionists were dropping
Christ and Ihe Bible, and grappling with the mightiest
human evil, wilh nothing bul humanity to lean or look lo
for help." Impressed that he had a duly lo God and his
country to perforra in resisting that giant wrong, he left the
serainary and went to New York city, where Arthur and
Louis Tappan, vvith olher kindreel sjiirits, sent forth with
iheir advice anel blessing the iiever-lo-be-forgolteii band cf
seventy Abolition lecturers, vvho with the faith of apostles
and zeal of martyrs went forth to revive the doctrine of the
Revolutionaiy fathers, that " Gotl had created all men free
and equal, and endow-ed them w-ith certain inalienable
rights, aniong whieh are life, Uberty and the pursuit of hap
piness." Blanchard w-as one of that band, and Ihe field
assigned him was Pennsylvania. In spile of raob violence;
in spile of the coldness of professed friends, and ihe open
and bitter violence of sworn eneraies, an overruling Provi
dence protected him, in some instances in a most remark
able mianner, and he pressed his way through counly after
county, rousing allenlion by lectures, gelling the Eman
cipator and olher Anti-slavery papers into circulation,
scattering the seed in Iracts, sorae of thera illustrated wilh
touching pictures of the miseries of the slave and Ihe
cruellies incident lo American slaveholding. His labors
culminated in an Abolition convention, called in Harris-'
burg, and attended by such men as Thaddeus Stevens,
Julius Le Moyne, Andrew Graydon, James Wier, Samuel-
Cross, the historian Grirashaw, the sainted Lunely, Louis-
Tappan and others, frora Pennsylvania and New York, and
the meeting was a success and wonderfully helped on the
cause of freedora in the Keystone Slate. Thaddeus Stevens
was much interested in Mr. Blanehard's labors; al one
lime, after talking a while, he said lo him, " You must need
money in this work," took out his waUet and, self-moved,
handed hira ninety dollars. Mr. Blanchard revered Stevens
always, and visited and prayed vvith him on his death-bed.
Mr. Blanchard held two public debates during the year
wilh opjionents of Abolition, one in Washington, Penn
sylvania, and the other in Pittsburgh, both able efforts.
Closing Ihat work, Lane Seminary, then a rising instilulion,
with Lyman Beecher at ils head, attracted Mr. Blanchard
lo its halls lo complete his course in theology. Free
thought anel free speech were then Ihe order of the day
there (after some of Ihe choicest sjiirils had been driven
away by attempted gag-law), and well was the privilege
improved, and that school of the prophets was for a tirae a
hot-bed of Abolition principles. John G. Fee there had his
eyes opened, under Mr. Blanehard's teaching, to Ihe crime
of slaveholding, and with the loss of all things washed his
hands from all conneetion wdlh that sin. While a student

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

5>7

in the seminary Mr. Blanchard received a call frora Cincin
nati 10 the pastorale of the fresbyterian Church on Sixth
street near Main. He was raarried in Middlebury, Ver
mont, September I7lh, 1838, to Mary A. Bent, a native of
that place, and in Iwo weeks ordained over the above-
named church, where he reniained until 1846. The church
vvas tora by internal dissensions and in debt when he look
ch- rge of il ; bnt by the blessing of God over four hundred
members were received into ils bosom under his labors, Ihe
church building was refilled, the debt paid entirely, and a
united and affectionate people mourned his departure as
that of a father and a friend. Kind to himself and family
as kind could be, the sepiratioa w.as painful. But he was
" apt to teach,'' and always felt that he should be connected
vvith some literary institution where lasting imjiressions for
good raight be made on the minds of Ihe young and rising
gener.alion. While paslor in Cincinn.ali, in Ihe spring of
1843, Mr. Blanchard was, at Mr. Tappan's suggestion,
seconded by such men as Salmon P. Chase, Dr. G. Bailey,
Harvey Hall and others, appoinled a delegate to the
Second World's Ami-slavery Convention in London, which
he attended, and of which he vv.as chosen American Vice-
President. He also took an active part in the Worid's
Peace Convention, held about Ihe same time in the same
city. While in London and vicinity, where he formed
many interesting acquaintances, he raet the President of
Knox College, Illinois, and through him became interested
in that institution, little dreaming he should so soon be al
ils head. Mr. Blaneh.ard vvas thirty-five years old vvhen,
with his wife and two children, after the close of the debate
against slaveholding wilh Dr. N. L. Rice, and cheered by
a wonderful revolution in that great city on the whole
question of humaii rights, a river sleamer bore hira and his
family from the scene of labors, trials and joys almost un
equalled, towards the West, lo Ihe wide green prairies of
Illinois, to undertake Ihe Presidency of Knox College, to
which he had been elected. Slopping Saturday evening lo
spend the Sabbath at Cape Girardeau, they were frozen in
and detained several weeks; but after a tedious journey
of six weeks the desired haven was gained. As Presideni
of Ihis young college for fourteen years, rising frora a stale
in which college orders could not coraraand more than
seventy-five cents on a dollar to a handsorae property, al its
close, of near half a million, the mind lo understand must
have witnessed the untiring industry, tiie prayer, the faith
and Christian zeal which, wilh God's blessing, worked out
such wondrous results; in the face, too, of the opposition
of " the world, Ihe flesh and Ihe devil." Fourteen cLasses
of ladies and gentiemen completed Iheir course under his
Presidency, many of whom novv fill posts of high honor and
usefulness. President Blanchard was sustained in his
work in Galesburg by ardent friends there, whose work
and labor of love will ever be held by him in haUowed re
merabrance; and of those abroad J. P. Williston, Esq., of
Northarapton, Massachusetts, who gave unsparingly be

cause he believed in Ihe principles of Ihe college, and
Judge Phelps of Vermonl, a faraily connection and friend,
deserve special mention in this outline. God raised them
up lo sustain his truth and his cause in dark and trying
limes, and most nobly did those brave raen fulfil their
mission and rainistry of love and duty. Religious differ
ences, aggravated by designing men, between the Congre
gationalists and Presbyterians, led Presideni Blanchard lo
resign the Presidency of the college, but by unaniraous
request he conlinued lo act as Presideni anolher year, and
then was called to become paslor of the oldest and largest
church of Ihe Ihen eily of Galesburg. But the Lord seemed
to call hira away to another field. Just before the breaking
out of the war of the rebellion, Wheaton College, an insti
tution founded in prayer by the Wesleyans, earnestiy called
him lo be ils Presideni. That coUege stood pledged
against slavery, against all the secret orders as well, of
which Mr. Blanchard had been through all his course the
decided opponent. Il has prospered the fifteen years he
has been at its head, " by the support of God and good
men," and a most interesting comraunily clusler in and
around it. The college buildings, finely situated, possess
massive architectural beauty. They vvere jilanned and
completed, as were iho.e at Galesburg, under his oversight
and guidance. The President i. also connected wilh the
oldest and most widely circulated Anli-secresy jiaper in the
land. The Christian Cynosure, which circulates frora Maine
in the east lo California in the west, and frora Canada in
the north to Mexico in the soulh. It is accoraplisLing ils
object. The number of seceding Masons is rapidly in
creasing. Presideni Blanchard is now, at sixly-four years
of age, in the enjoyment of vigorous heallh, Ihough some
times irapaired by overwork. Of a family of twelve chil
dren eight survive, five of whom are happily married, and
ten grandchildren live to fulfil the promise and cheer the
paternal raansion wdlh their childish glee and infantile
prattle. Whatever opposition President Blanchard has en
countered abroad, for his reforra views, he has always had
the comfort of a cheerful and hearty co-operation at his
ovvn home, which is raore than many reformers enjoy. His
eldest son already bears aloft Ihe banner the falher has so
ably lified to Ihe breeze, and wilh olhers of the faniily forra
a band of efficient workers in Ihe cause of God. In sum-
raing of Presideni Blanehard's record, we find hira lo have
been a good student, a devoted Christian rainister, an edu
cator of a high order, an almost endless wriler for the
press, a powerful leader in several legitimate reforms and
a friend and advocate of all true reforras ; a public speaker
whose utterances on iraportant occasions East and West ate
farailiar to multitudes, and many of thera have been pub
lished to the vvorld. Like the rest of huraanity, compassed
about with infirmity, not considering hiraself lo have al
ready attained perfection, he is still pressing on toward the
mark for the prize of his high calUng of God in Christ
Jesus.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

NTHONY, REV. MARK, Pastor of the Catholic
Church at La Salle, Illinois, was born in Dun-
garven, county of Waterford, Ireland, May loth,
1810, his falher being engaged in Ihe irade of a
tanner. He began his sludies under the tuition
of a Protestant clergyraan, wilh ihe inlention of
becoming a priest. When sixteen years old he started on
travel in foreign lands, in connection with his sludies;
spending sorae time in Spain, and remaining during 1841
in the city of Rome. In 1842 he carae lo America and
entered as a student St. Vincent College, at Cape Girardeau,
Missouri, pie was ordained a priest in Ihe year 1846, and
after teaching for a short time, went during the sarae year
to La Salle, IlUnois, vvhere he was put in charge of a small
nucleus of a church then formed there, called Sl. Patrick's
Church. During the years 1850-52 he vvas in charge of a
church in San Antonio, Texas, and in 1853 he was sent lo
Baltimore, Maryland, to gather a congregation and build a
church, which he accomplished, remaining there for two
years. He then relurned to his old pastorate at La Salle,
w-here he has ever since presided wilh marked success.
This ehurch is supposed to be the largest in the Stale out
side of Chicago, numbering a membership of four thousand
persons. Connected with his parish are Ihe following
educational institutions, organized and ihe buildings con
structed under his supervision : the Sisters of Charily School,
btult in 1858; the Brothers' School, in i860; and Ihe
Parochial School — a free school erecled in 1871 and in a
flourishing condition, having an attendance of one hundred
and sixty. He also organized a St. Patrick's Terajierance
Society of four hundred raerabers, pledged to total absti
nence, and a liibernian Society, of both of which he is the
President, as well as presiding over all of the educational
institutions a'love nanied and the general interests of this
very large and important jiarish, in which he has the assist
ance of two subordinate priests. Besides which il is not
iraproper to add that " Father Anthony" has to a very con
siderable degree the good will of the Protestant portion of
Ihe comraunily in which he has so long resided.

ITTREDGE, REV. ABBOTT ELIOT, D. D.,
vvas born in Roxbuiy, now Boston Highlands,
July 20lh, 1834. His falher was Alvah Kil-
tredge, of Killredge & Blake, a widely-known
firm of Boston; and his mother Mehitabel
Grozier, of Cape Cod. He first attended the
public school, then the Latin school, and then entered Wil
liams CoUege in 1850, graduating in 1854 after a full course.
For a year he taught school in Wilton, Connecticut, and
then pursued further studies under the tuition of his jiastor
for another year, wilh reference lo a Iheological training.
He next entered Andover Theological Seminary in 1856,
graduating in 1859. He vvas at once settled as pastor of

the Winthrop Congregational Church, of Chariestown,
Massachusetts. After a .few.years his health became ira
paired and he sought recuperation in travel, visiling Europe,
Palestine, Egypt, and Greece. He returned after an ab
sence of fifteen months lo resume his pastorate, which he
had retained during this period ; but his heallh remaining
poor, he felt constrained to give uji his labors, and after
resigning for three successive tinies il w.as al last reluctantly
accepted by his people, and he journeyed lo California for
his health. This visit did not jirove a period of much rest
for him, however, as he jireached vvhile in San Francisco
lo an audience of three thousand peojile in Piatt's Plall,
which was the beginning of Ibe formation of a new church.
He was solicited to remain there, but retumed East, and
was married Deceraber 28th, 1864, to Margaret A. Plyde,
of Charlestown. In January, 1865, he vvas seltied as paslor
over the Eleventh Presbyterian Church, of Nevv York city,
where he reniained for over five years ; leaving against Ihe
unaniraous wish of his people for a call to a larger field of
labor. While here, and during the last year of Ihe war, he
was Iwice sent lo Ihe front as .special coinniis.sioner in Ihe
service of the Christian Coramission. In Ihe year 1870 he
received a call to his jiresent field of labor, the pastorate of
the Third Presbyterian Church of Chicago, where he has
been ever since. At his arrival he found a church of one
hundred and forty raembers. .Since that lirae over eleven
hundred have been received inlo Ihe church, from which,
also, one hundred and seventy-five have gone out to fcnn
and establish two nevv churches, the result of rais.sion Labors;
and at the present dale the raerabershiji of the raother
church is one thousand and fifty, raaking il ihe fifth largest
Presbyterian church in Ihe United Stales. Dr. Killredge
is a Direclor in the Presbyterian Serainary of the Norlh
wesl, is on the Board of Ihe Washingtonian Florae and of
olher charitable institutions of the city. Pie is greatly
endeared to his people, and possesses oratorical abilities
that place him in the front rank in ihis eily of jiulpit orators.

cLAREN, WILLIAM E., D. D., Bishop Elect of
Ihe Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Illinois, was
born at Geneva, New York, in 1831. After re
ceiving a good elementary education he becarae
a student in Jefferson CoUege, Pennsylvania, and
graduated therefrora with credit in the year 1851.
After graduating he tumed his attention to journalism, and
for several years thereafter he was one of the editors of the
Cleveland Plain Dealer. Eventually, hovvever, he felt
hiraself drawn toward the ministry, and in order to prepare
himself for ihe sacred office he began the study of divinity
at Allegheny Seminary, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. From
this inslilution he graduated in Ihe year i860. Pie Ihen
enlered the Presbyterian ministry in Pittsburgh, but after
laboring in that field wilh zeal and fidelity for four years he-

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

5'9

proceeded to South America, where he devoted himself as
a missionary, in the Presbyterian connection, lo Ihe spread
of the gospel. Three years subsequently he returned to
the United Slates, and shortly accepted a eall to a Presby
terian church in Peoria, Illinois. Pie did not long remain
in that charge, however, reraoving to Detroit, Michigan, to
rainister in the same connection. Upon his settleraent in
Peoria he comraenced a careful investigation of Ihe syslera
of the Protestant Episcopal Church, wdlh special reference
to the sacraments. After diUgent study he concluded to
transfer his allegiance to the Episcopal Church, and six
months after doing so he was ordained a priest, and became
the rector of Trinity Church, Cleveland, Ohio, the scene
of his eariy journalistic efforts. In that charge he still
reraains, and probably will remain should his eleclion as
Bishop of Illinois not be confirmed. This election occurred
in the Diocesan Convention of Illinois, on Seplember 15th,
1875. He received on Ihe second ballot a majority of the
clerical votes, and this action was alraost unanimously in
dorsed by the laity. The election Wias necessitated by the
failure of, first. Dr. Seymour, and then Dr. De Koven to
receive the confirmation of the requisite number of dioceses.
Whether Dr. McLaren will be more successful remains at
this writing (November, 1875) to be seen. The Bishop
elect is a man of great ability, n reaily speaker and an easy
writer. He is also understood lo be a very advanced
churchman — even more extreme in doctrine and praclice
than Ihe two divines who have failed of confirmation for
the Jiosition to which he has been called.

ULACK HAWK, or, in the original, Ma-ka-tae-
mish-lcia-kiak, ii noted chief of Ihe Sac and Fox
tribes of Indians, though by birth a Pottawatomie,
was born at what is novv known as Kaskaskia,
Illinois, in 1767. At fifteen he was ranked with
the braves, and becarae a successful leader in ex
peditions against Ihe Osage and Cherokee tribes. About
1788 he succeeded, as head chief of the Sacs, his father,
who had been killed by a Cherokee. Moved by the ex
hortations of the Shawnee Prophet (brother of Tecuraseh)
and by the presents of British agents. Black Hawk, with
the title of General, joined the British wilh five hundred
warriors during the war of 1812. A rejiulse in a battle
near Detroit, and an unsuccessful attack on a fort, sur
prised and disgusted the red raen, who soon tired of the
service. By a treaty made at Prairie du Chien, on July
I5lh, 1830, and signed by chiefs of various tribes — araong
thera Keokuk, chief of a party of Sacs — Iheir lands east of
the Mississippi became the property of Ihe whites. Their
removal west was opposed by Black Hawk, but on June
25th, 1831, a force under General Gaines compeUed thera
to depart ; and, after a brief conflict in the following spring,
the Indians were completely defeated at the river Bad Axe,

on August 2d, by General Atkinson, and Ihe surrender of
Black Hawk took place on the 27th of the same month.
Black liawk, vvith his two sons and seven olher head
warriors, vvere detained as hostages; were taken through
the principal eastem cities ; and were confined in Fortress
Monroe until June 5th, 1833, when they were released,
and relurned lo their tribe. lie died at his camp on ihe
river Des Moines, on October 3d, 1838.

AMPBELL, PION. ALEXANDER, Member of
Congress, vvas born in Franklin county, Penn
sylvania, Oclober 4th, 1814. He reraained wilh
his parents on the farra unlil he was fourteen
years old, when an older brother, accompanied
by Alexander, moved lo McConnellstown, Hunt
ingdon county, and established hiraself in raercantile busi
ness there. Thenceforward unlil the fall of 1834, wdlh the
exception of a short terra .spent in the acaderay at the
counly seal, his tirae was divided^ between his duties as
clerk in his brother's slore and his studies in the village
school. Al the date last mentioned he enlered the em
ployment of Lyon, Short & Co., iron manufacturers, al one
of their establishments on the Juniata, and remained there
until 1840. He Ihen enlered Ihe service of Messrs. J. Ii.
& G. R. Schoenberger, as manager of the Juniata Forge,
where he continued until the spring of 1844. During ihat
year he made an extensive tour of the Western Stales. On
his return to Pennsylvania he took charge of Mill Creek
Furnace, where he reraained about two years, after which
he accepted the manageraent of the Potomac Furnace, in
Loudon counly, Virginia, vvhere he remained but a short
tirae. In 1846 he look charge of Greenup P''ui-iiace, Ken
tucky, ancl reraained in that capacity until the company
disposed of their works, in 1848. He then visited Iron
Mounlain and PUot Knob, Missouri, and entered inlo an
arrangement wilh the Madison Iron and Mining Corapany,
to superintend their works at the latler place. Before
entering upon these duties, however, he raet with the rais
fortune of a broken leg, the other being badly injured,
which incapacitated hira for business unlil the next fall,
when he look charge of the establishraent. In the year
1849 he suffered a severe attack of cholera, whieh again
rendered him unfit for work for several months. When
health had returned he assumed charge of the Stella Iron
Works, on the Maramec, in Missouri, which were com
pleted in 1850. The prosjiect for business being very poor,
the works were not put into operation, and he reraoved
with his faraily, consisting of hiraself, wife and two
daughters, to La Salle, Illinois, to look after sorae lands
acquired through the old United Slates Bank, intending lo
return to Missouri in the following spring. Here his
life took gradually a decided change, anel this busy
and chequered experience in mechanics and manageria.1

520

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

functions was practically ended ; only to enter, however,
on other fields of wider and more public note. Becoming
interested in Ihe coal fields of La Salle county, he decided
to locate there permanently, and has ever since been a
resident of La SaUe. In the spring of 1 851 he engaged in
the business of a general land agency, in which he con
tinued for a number of years, at Ihe same lirae taking a
lively interest in railroads and other internal iraproveraenls
then progressing in Ihe State. He had always been a
Whig until Ihat party was dissolved, but had not been
prorainent in political matters. But on Ihe org.anization
bf the Republican parly he became one of ils supporters,
and began to participate actively in the issues of the tiraes.
In 1852 he was chosen the first Mayor of the city of La
SaUe, and was re-elected for a second terra. Pie was
elected to Ihe Slate Legislature in 1858, on Ihe Republican
ticket, and in 1861 was chosen a member of Ihe convention
to amend Ihe Stale Constitution. Soon after coming to the
Stale he became acquainted with Mr. Lincoln, and was
ainong his first supporters for the Presidency ; acting with
the Republican parly unlil the adoption of the national
banking syslera, when he ceased to identify hiraself with
either of the dominant political parties. Upon the breaking
out ofthe rebellion his attention was turned lo the question
of national finances, and Ihe ways and means by which Ihe
raoney for the prosecution of the war could be provided,
wiihout entailing unnecessary bu,rdens upon the tax-payers.
The question of national finance has engaged and absorbed
the study, the longue and the pen of Mr. Carajibell steadily
ever since. As early as 1861 he began publishing a series
of articles on the financial troubles of Ihe counlry and their
reraedy, which, on the 6th of July of Ihat year, he followed
with an "Addre-ss to Congress," presenting a condensation
of his views. He early foresaw a duration of the war little
drearaed of by the people at large. He advocated Ihe issue
of treasury notes by the governraent, and prior to the
passage of the law visited Washington to urge upon the
President and upon Congress the necessity of such a law.
When Congress proposed to establish the national banking
system he opposed it vigorously, advocating, the adoption
of a purely legal tender currency. In his lecture, delivered
before Ihe Mercantile Association of Chicago, in September,
1862, he details his plan for inaugurating a system of gov
ernraental currency, and explains the benefits of the sarae.
This is a summary : " The issue of legal tender treasury
certificates, in denominations to meet all the wants of
busine.ss inleresis, receivable for all government dues, and
convertible al Ihe option of the government into slocks or
bonds, bearing three per cent, per annura interest, and jirin
cipal payable in lawful money, and the bonds to be re-
convertible into legal tenders, at the option of the holders.
I. This system will furnish a currency of uniform credit in
all parts of the Union, and of sufficient volume at all time,
thereby relieving the business inleresis from losses caused
by undue expansions and contractions of Ihe currency and

bank failures, the magnitude of the evil effects of whieh
can hardly be over-estimated. 2. It wiU place Ihe moneyed
interesls of the nation under the control of those who pro
duce and distribute the wealth, vvhere such control properly
belongs, but which, under Ihe operations of our banking
systera, is now in the hands of a few gambling bankers,
who are growing rich by plundering the industrial classes.
3. It wdll relieve the producers frora an undue proportion
of Ihe national lax, which is iraposed on thera by the pres
ent financial and revenue systera. 4. It will reduce the
national tax below one-third of the amount required under
the system now in operation or any olher one Ihat has been
proposed. 5. It will reduce the rale of interest on loanable
capital in all business Iransaciions, which will quicken all
branches of productive industry and restore permanent in
dividual and national prosperity, encourage the develoji
raent of our natural resources and enable us to becorae
self-sustaining and independent as a nation. 6. It will re
store coraraercial relations between all parls of the counlry,
and interest each citizen, pecuniarily, in the preservation
and Jirosperity of the governraent, a consideration para
raount to all others in the present condition of the country.
7. The econoray of its working, the justness of its bearings
on all classes and interesls, cannot fail to coramend it to
every inteUigent, disinterested mind. To deterraine this
we have only to apply the rules of arithmetic lo the several
propositions." In 1868 he published a pamjihlel entitled
"The True Greenback," in which he critically reviewed
Ihe cen.suses of 1850 and i860 in support of his views upon
finance. Mr. Carapbell has once more stepped lo the front
in political life, and has just been elected meraber of Con
gress frora his district, where he will no doubt be enabled
to urge still raore prorainently his peculiar views upon the
subject whieh has occupied his best thought and study for
so many years.

GLESBY, GENERAL RICHARD J., Lawyer,
ex-Governor of Illinois and Uniled States Sen
ator, was born in Oldhara county, Kenlucky, on
July 25lh, 1824. His eariy education was rauch
neglected, amounting to considerably less than an
ordinary common school course. In 1836 he
moved to IlUnois and settied at Decatur, but two years
later he removed to Terre Haute, Indiana. Subsequently
he returned lo Illinois, where he remained unlil 1840. In
that year he went back to Oldham county, Kentucky,
where he learned the carpenter's trade. Once more re
turning to Illinois, in 1842, he there worked at his trade
and at farming for two years. Finally, in Ihe sjiring of
1844, he coramenced the study of Ihe law in Springfield,
Illinois, and was admitled to the bar in Ihe fall of 1845.
He was soon interrupted in his praclice by Ihe breaking out
of the Mexican war,. during which he served about a year

SEHATOB- TH-OM ILLINOIS -

WH BARNES. PUQl-lSHfR.

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

521

as a First Lieulenant in the 4lh Illinois Volunleers, par
ticipating in the siege of Vera Cruz and the, battle of Cerro
Gordo. Thereafter, resuming the practice ofhis profession,
he meanwhile attended a course of lectures at the Louis
ville Law School, and in April, 1850, went to California,
being incited thereto by the marvellous stories sent home
by the pioneers of 1849. There he engaged in gold
raining operations, actually working in the raines for nearly
eighteen raonlhs. In the fall of the following year, having
had a .sufficient experience of a miner's life, he returned to
Illinois and resuraed the active duties of the legal profes
sion. Considerable success attended his labors, and in the
year 1856 he was enabled to take some much-needed rest.
He started in that year on an extended tour through
Europe, Egypt and the Holy Land, which occupied some
twenty months. On reaching home once raore he took a
more prorainent position in politics. Originally a Whig, he
had joined the Republican party on its forraation, and in
his section he took a leading part in the councils of the new
organization. In 1858 he ran on its ticket for Congress,
and, although defeated, his defeat was a considerable per
sonal triuraph. Allhough his district had forraerly given
from four to five thousand raajority for the Deraocratic
nominee, he was unsuccessful by less than two thousand
voles. In the year i860 he was nominated for the Stale
Senale in a slrong Democratic district, and such was the
weight his abilily and character carried, so great was his
personal popularity, that he was triumphantly elected. He
served in that body for one session, during which the
election of a United Slales Senator had to be decided. His
vote deterrained the election of Lyman Trumbull, the Re
publican candidate. At the outbreak of Ihe war of the
rebellion he resigned his seat in the Legislature, anel on
April 25th, 1861, was coraraissioned Colonel of the 8lh
Illinois Volunteers, a regiraent he had materially assisted lo
organize. His service during the w.ar vvas honorable and
efficient, rendering his popularity throughout the Stale of
Illinois greater than ever. His first active service was as
a brigade coraraander under General Grant. With this
brigade he was the first lo enter Fort Henry. He partici
paled in the capture of Fort Donelson and in Ihe battle
of Corinth, in which he was so severely wounded that he
was carried frora Ihe field in an apparently dying condition.
In April, 1863, he vvas again on duty as Major-General of
Volunteers, having been proraoted lo that rank for gallantry
and conspicuous ability, with his coramission dated from
Noveraber, 1862. In that capacity he coraraanded the left
wing of Ihe l6lh Army Corps. His wound continued to
trouble him so much, however, that he vvas finally forced
to resign, in May, 1864. Returning home he gave the
cause of the Union a generous and efficient support by his
labors on behalf of the army and his earnest advocacy of
all the war raeasures of the Lincoln adrainistration. In
the ensuing campaign he was brought forward by an alraost
general irapulse as the candidate on the Republican ticket
66

for Governor, and ill the following Noveraber he vvas
elected by the largest raajority ever given in the Stale. Iiis
terra expired in Janu.ary, i86g. lie then returned to his
profession, but again, in the carapaign of 1872, he was
recognized as perhaps the only raan who would make ihe
State sure for the Republican parly, and accordingly he was
again norainaled for tiie Governorship. Again did he carry
Ihe Slate raost triumphantiy, and he entered upon the duties
of Governor, bul wilh a general expectation Ihat he would
be elected lo Ihe United Slates Senale, and that Ihe manlle
of Governor would fall upon Lieulenant-Governor Bever
idge. This expectation was iraraediately realized, the
Legislalure electing him on January 21st, 1873, curiously
enough as Ihe successor of Lyman TrurabuU, whose election
in i860 his vote had been the raeans of deterraining. Iiis
terra will expire on March 3d, i87g. In his career as
Senator he has fully justified expectation, having made a
very distinct mark by his abilily and earnestness. While
he has not received the advantages for polish enjoyed by
many of his conteraporaries in Ihe -Senate, he is conspicuous
for his sterling integrity and unflinching advocacy of all
measures that command his conscientious approval. In
his adopted Slate he is jioptUar to a high degree, and is
familiarly known through its length and breadth ^as
" Dick " Oglesby.

EVERIDGE, GENERAL JOHN L., Lawyer,
ex-Member of Congress and Governor of Illinois,
was born in Washington county. New York, in
1824. At eighleen years of age, Ihat is in 1842,
he became a resident of Illinois, and seltied in
De Kalb county. Subsequently he passed several
years in Tennessee, and during his residence in that Stale
ajiplied hiraself to the study of the law, and was in due
course adraitleel to practise. In 1855 he raoved lo Chicago
and established hiraself at the bar. Since then, excejit
vvhen called by official jiosition to reside elsewhere, he has
been an inhabitant of the Garden City or its suburbs.
When it becarae evident that the crushing of the rebellion
would be a work of time, Mr. Beveridge threw uji his pro
fessional engagements and enlisled in the service of the
United States. In the fall of 1861 he vvas coraraissioned
Major of the 8th Illinois Cavalry, and until Noveraber,
1863, he perfornied gallant and raeritorious service with his
regiraent in the Army of Ihe Potoraac. He returned to
Chicago in Ihe winter of 1863-64 and organized Ihe I7lh
lUinois Cavalry, of .which hewas coramissioned Colonel.
The regiraent was assigned lo the Departraent of the
Missouri, vvhere Colonel Beveridge's prompt and skilful
perforraance of duty was recognized by his promotion lo
the rank of Brigadier-General. He reniained in Ihe
service unlil February, 1866, when he relurned to Cook
counly, Illinois, wilh Ihe intention of resuraing the jiraclice
of Ihe legal _profeS5ion. Appreciating his gallant services as

522

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

a soldier and his personal worth as a citizen, the people
of Cook county elected him Sheriff in the fall of 1866, and
as Senator from the Twenty-flflh District in Ihe fall of 1870.
In the following year he was elected to Congress on the
Republican ticket, as Congressraan at large to fill the un
expired terra of Hon. John A. Logan, elected to the United
States Senate. He vvas not a candidate for re-election to
the Forty-third Congress, being in 1872 candidate for
Lieulenant-Governor of Illinois on the Republican ticket,
wilh Ihe understanding that in the event of a RepubUcan
success General Oglesby, the candidate for Governor,
would go to the United States Senate, and that he would
be that gentleraan's successor in the office of Governor.
He was elecled with the whole ticket by a handsorae
majority, and on the election of Governor Oglesby to the
United Stales Senate by the Legislature, on January 21st,
1873, and his resignation of the Governorship, on January
23d, General Beveridge was sworn in as his successor.

JAKER, EDWARD DICKINSON, Soldier and
United States Senator, was born in London,
England, on February 24lh, 181 1. His family
came to the United States about the year 1815
and settled in Philadelphia. Ten years later,
that is, in 1825, they reraoved to Illinois. Ed
ward Dickinson studied law, after corapleting a fair pre
lirainary education, and was admitted to the bar in Greene
county, Illinois. Shortly thereafter he changed his resi
dence to Springfield, in the sarae Slate. From the outset
of his career he took a prorainent part in the discu.ssion of
public affairs, and acquired considerable reputation as a
public raan. This led to his election to the lower branch
of Ihe Legislature in 1837, and to his being chosen as Slate
Senator frora 1840 to 1844. Subsequently he was honored
with eleclion to Congress. On the breaking out of the
Mexican war, however, he resigned his seat and becarae a
Colonel of Illinois Volunleers. In this capacity he partici
pated in the siege of Vera Cruz, and subsequently cora
manded with great gallantry a brigade at Cerro Gordo, and
in all Ihe succeeding conflicts. After the war was over he
reraoved to Galena, and rendered raaterial aid in bringing
about the nomination of General Taylor to the Presidency.
In 1848 and i84g he was again a member of Congress, but
becoming connected wilh Ihe Panama Railroad Company
he declined a renomination, and in 1852 settied in suc
cessful practice of the law in California. He joined the
Republican party, and was iramediately accorded a high
place in ils councils. When Senator Broderic vvas killed
in a duel, in l85g, he delivered the funeral oration over the
body of his friend in the public square of .San Francisco.
Soon after he reraoved to Oregon, where he rapidly ac
quired prorainence in political circles, and in i860, by a
coalition between Ihe RepubUcans and Douglas Deraocrats

in the Legisl.ature, he was elected to the United States
Senate. On the breaking out of the civil war, in 1861, he
abandoned all other pursuits for Ihe sake of actively main
taining the inlegrily of Ihe Union. He raised the famous
California regiment in Nevv York and Philadelphia, and,
declining to be appointed a general, went into the field at
its head. At the battle of Ball's Bluff he commanded a
brigade, and fell in advance of the line while serving a
piece of artillery. His gallantry as a soldier, his devoted
public service as a legislator and his fine qualities as a man
caused his death to be sincerely mourned in a very wide
circle, embracing each community in which he had resided.

cCLUN, JOHN EDWARD, Judge of the Counly
Court, was born, February igth, 1812, in Fred
erick county, Virginia, his paternal ancestors
having been members of the Society of Friends.
His maternal grandfather was a soldier in Ihe
Revolution, and died in the Colonial service.
His falher died when he was seven years of age, leaving
his family poor. From this age until his eighteenth year
he had little opportunity to attend school, his tirae and
labor being needed for the support of the household.
When eighteen he enjoyed a winter's schooling, and in the
ensuing spring and suraraer resuraed farming, receiving
seven dollars a month. He relurned to his sludies in
school during Ihe fall, and in Ihis brief period of applica
tion raade such substantial progi-ess that for the following
Ihree years he was engaged in the capacity of teacher.
Upon the expiration of this period he carae West, travelling
in company with his mother in a sraall two-horse wagon.
This journey was undertaken in October, 1835. Spring
field, IlUnois, was reached in December. The population
of Ihe State then was scarcely 250,000, and Chicago vvas
then an insignificant viUage, coraposed raainly of shanties,
and not very raany of thera at best. The houses of the
wealthier classes consisted usually of one room. Judge
McClun's first winter in the new State was not encouraging
in its incidents and experiences. His first winler was spent
in vain in seeking for eraployraent, and his store of money
was soon exhau.sted. When the prospect vvas the bleakest
he forraed the acquaintance of a young raan who had con
tracted for a stock of goods which were to be transferred to
him upon his giving property security to guarantee their
payment. Penniless as he was, young McClun was ac
cepted as his new friend's bail, and the goods were for
warded. The pledge of payraent by the two was promptly
fulfilled, the goods having been sold at a fair profit. In
June, 1836, Mr. McClun removed to McLean counly, ac
cepting a clerkship in the slore of David Duncan, in
Waynesville. Dry goods and groceries were sold in con
siderable quantities, but tobacco and whiskey were in far
greater demand. Saturdays were the weekly periods for

''-"^'^¦^¦i/ .P,tb Co-F^i"^"^"

d^^^^-i---

ayKv^{:^Zy

BIOGRAPPIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

523

the centralization of tbe surrounding population at the
" corners " to trade, lo discuss politics, to enjoy athletic
sports and to wind uji generally vvith a serious bout of
fisticuffs. It was generaUy considered a very dull and un
interesting meeting that ended without the climax of ii
fight. Frora 1842 lo 1846 Mr. McClun had all Ihe con
tracts for the delivery of mails coming into Bloomington, or
passing Ihrough it. These were the halcyon days of cheaji-
ness, when oats were only len cents per bushel, and olher
products in proportion. In i84g he was elected County
Judge of McLean counly, and retained that office until
1852, vvhen impaired health corapelled his resignation frora
the bench. During this year he was elecled to the Stale
Legislature, and upon the expiration of his term re-elected.
He served until the end of the session of 1857, and acted
for four years during his legislative career on the Slate
Board of Agriculture. He has always evinced great activity
in religious affairs, and is a prominent Sunday-school
worker, having for years been a superintendent of a
flourishing school. The Illinois Wesleyan University, now
one of the finest educational institutions in the country, and
certainly one of Ihe leading ones in Ihe West, is veiy largely
indebted to his energy for ils origin and progress. He has
given it his wise counsel and valuable support from its in
fancy to its present vigorous condition. He vvas in politics
al first an old-line Whig, bttt became, vvith the origin of the
Republican parly, prominently identified with it. During
the last campaign, however, he acted with the Democrats
and Liberals. He was an eariy emancipationist, and as
such exerted no littie influence. He is a man of rauch
public spirit, actively countenancing all raoveraents for the
raaterial and moral advancement of Ihe city of Blooming
ton, its counly and the State, and is looked up to as a
citizen of progressive ideas and of the raost irreproachable
character. His business relations are conducted with the
strictest inlegrily, and in his intercourse he is affable,
raaking, through his winning raanners, friends of all who
approach him. For twenty years he has superintended the
progress of the Melhodist Sabbalh-school, and is generaUy
esteemed as a conscientious churchman, a thorough business
man and a valuable citizen. In January, i83g, he was
married to Hannah Harkins, by whom he has had eleven
children, five of whom are living.

^eiOTtlASE, PHILANDER, D.D., Protestant Episcopal
(^ I f Bishop of Illinois from 1835 to his death in 1852,
V,l 1 1 was born at Cornish, New Harapshire, on Decera-
^yM" ber 14th, 1775. He sprang frora Ihe early eolo-
§Y^ "is's of America, his ancestor, Aquila Chase, who
came frora Cornwall, England, in 1640, and
setl:led at Newbury. The grandson of Aquila, Ihe bishop's
father, removed to a township above Fort No. 4 on the Con
necticut river, and founded the town of Cornish. After

receiving his preliminary education in various schools. Phil
ander becarae a student of Dartraouth CoUege, frora which
he graduated in I7g6. A severe injury to one of his limbs
prevented his becoming a farmer. Having delermined to
enter the sacred rainislry, he took a course of divinity, and
was ordained Deacon, May lolh, I7g8, and Priest, Novera
ber loth, 1799. For several years he was zealously engaged
in raissionary labors in western Nevv York. In 1805 he
went to New Orleans and took an active part in the or
ganizalion of the Protestant Episcopal Church in that city.
He retumed to the North in 181 1, and until 1817 officiated
as Rector of Christ Church, Hartford, Connecticut. On
February nth, 1819, hewas consecrated Bishop of Ohio, to
which position he had been elecled, and in 1823 proceeded
lo England for Ihe purpose of soliciting aid for Kenyon Col
lege and Theological Seminary in his diocese, great success
attending his visit. Difficulties having arisen with sorae of
his clergy in regard to the disposal of funds he had col
lected, and other raatters, he resigned the jurisdiction of his
diocese on September glh, 1831, and removed lo Michigan.
On March 8th, 1835, he was made Bishop of Illinois, and
shortly thereafter made a second visit to England in behalf
of education in the West. In 1838 he returned wilh suf
ficient funds to lay the foundation of Jubilee College, at
Robin's Nest, Peoria, Illinois. Although a large and cor
pulent man. Bishop Chase was exceedingly active and labo
rious. Though not especially distinguished by leaming, he
possessed great diplomatic talents, intuitive knowledge of
human nalure and great shrewdness, qualities which enabled
hira to accomplish an amount of good ten-fold greater Ihan
raany incompar.ably his superior in scholastic knowledge.
He published in two voluraes, octavo, " Reminiscences "
of his life and labors ; " Plea for Ihe West " in 1826 ; " Star
of Kenyon College" in 1828; "Defence of Kenyon Col
lege" in 1831. A serious injury, caused by being thrown
frora his carriage, hastened his decease, vvhich occurred a
few days after the accident, on September 20th, 1852.

ORTON, HON. JESSE O., son of Colonel Martin
Norton, a patriot soldier of the last war with
Great Britain, was bora at Bennington, Vermont,
December 25lh, 1812. As a youth he was in
dustrious, studious and ambitious. Accordingly
he was a diligent student at Williaras College in
1 83 1, vvhere he graduated wilh honor in 1835. Being de
pendent ttpon hisown efforts, he first went to Wheeling, Vir
ginia, and for a short time taught a classical school. From
thence he went to Potosi, Missouri, where he also filled a
similar position, and at the sarae tirae began the study of
law. He here made Ihe acquaintance of Miss P. A. Shel
don, who was engaged, through the patronage of Governor
Dunklin and other gentieraen, in teaching a select school
for ladies in Ihe sarae locality. This acquaintance ripened

524

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

into affection, and on his twenty-fifth birthday, December
251h, 1837, they vvere married at the residence of the Gov
ernor. About a year later they reraoved to Illinois, and a
year after that settled in Joliet, in that Slate. He was soon
adraitted to the bar, and entered the practice of law, in
vvhich he rose rapidly, his genial raanners at the same time
giving hira personal popularity. The first office to which he
was elected was that of Ciiy Attorney, which was followed
in 1846 by Ihat of Counly Judge. To this he was re-elected,
and in 1848 he was chosen raeraber of the State Constitu
tional Convention. In 1850 he was elected member of the
Legislature ; and in 1 852, in the last campaign of the Whig
party, he was elected a member of Congress on that ticket.
During the second session of Congress came the repeal of
the Missouri Coraproraise. He resisted Ihat measure wilh
all his eloquence and power, insisting upon it that there
could properly be no coraproraise wilh wrong, and that no
further countenance could be given in legislation to the
in faraous traffic in huraan beings without outraging civiliza
tion. His course was approved by his constituency, and
he vvas re-elected to Congress in 1854 on the Republican
ticket. He served in Congress with ability until March
4th, 1857. In that year he was elecled Circuit Judge;
the duties of which office he discharged with industry,
proraptness, courtesy and ability. After the beginning of
the war in 1862 he was again elected to Congress, and
serve4 wilh honor during that trying period until March
5th, 1865. He steadily maintained that the Union of the
Slates was not broken by rebellion ; that the Constitution
vvas still tiie supreme law, and binding upon Congress as
well as upon the States; and that, therefore. Congress had
no more power to expel States from the Union than the
Slates had power to withdraw. It vvas a logic which com
manded the reason, but it could not control the passions of
tlie times. But it is no part of the object of this sketch to
say raore than to state the ground on which the Republican
party, with its new and radical ideas, was severed frora hira.
In 1 865 he was appointed by President Johnson United
States District Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois.
He discharged the duties of that office until April, l86g,
wilh singular ability, with honor lo himself and justice to
all. After his retirement from that office he became asso
ciated with Judge J. R. Doolittle in the practice of law in
Chicago. He remained in this jiarlnership until the fire of
1871, by which their office and library were destroyed. Pie
then continued the jiractice of his profession alone, a portion
of the tirae as Corporation Counsel of the city of Chicago,
until at last he was confined to his residence by llie iUness
vvhich resulted in his death, August 3d, 1875. There was
i:i hira a genial and affectionate nature, refined and exalted
by a true Christian life. In his hospitable horae, where he
was alraost idolized, as husband, father and friend, these
virtues stood forth in great distinctness, and made a beauty
of characler which no wealth can jiurchase and no intel
lectual greatness can supply.

AGOUN, JOHN, vvas born June 14th, 1806, in
Pembroke, Plyraouth county, Massachusetts,
twelve miles from the old Plymouth Rock, and
four miles from the farm of Daniel Webster, in
Marshfield. The house in which he was born is
still standing, and is one hundrtd and fifty years
old, and has always been in the Magoun faraily. The first
of Ihe narae of which we have any account was John
Magoun, who lived and was a freeholder in Massachusetts
in 1666. The narae of John seems to have been a favorile
one in this faraily, and has flourished in evety generation
of the Magouns since that period. The father of the John
Magoun of whora we are writing was Elias Magoun, and
his mother's name before her marriage was Esther Samp
son. They had five sons. Elias, the eldest, vvas for many
years Cashier of the Hope Bank of Warren, Rhode Island,
and died in that place. William graduated at Brown
University, and died at Turin, in Italy, in 1871. Calvin,
who lived at Marshfield, Massachusetts, died in 1866; and
Luther, the youngest and only surviving brother of John,
Ihe subject of this meraoir, lives near to the old homestead
of the Magoun family. These five sons were all brought
up on the old farra in habits of industry, honesty, and
economy. John was seventeen years of age when his
father, coraing in one day frora the toils of Ihe farm, and
vvith a presentiment that his end was nigh, said, " I have
come home to die," which jirophecy was soon realized, and
the excellent and Christian father of John Magoun sleeps
in the old Pembroke ceraetery. After Ihis sad event John
went to Boston and for several suraraers worked at the
raason's trade, teaching school during the wdnter tirae.
While in Boston he saw Lafayette while on his visit lo
Araerica, heard D.aniel Webstei's, great eulogy on Adaras
and Jefferson, and saw the corner-stone of the Bunker HiU
Monuraent laid. In his attendance upon church he often
heard Dr. Channing, Dr. Lyraan Beecher, and Father Tay
lor, and other distinguished divines of that day. On the
30th of Septeraber, 1835, John Magoun, Calvin C. Samp
son, and S. P. Cox left Boston for New Orleans. These
three young men thus started out in life to seek Iheir for
tunes. After a storray voyage of twenty-one days they
arrived at their destination ; Sarapson, who was a cousin of
Magoun's, staying in New Orleans, vvhere he raade a for
tune in the furniture business, and Cox and Magoun raaking
their way to Illinois. Mr. Magoun first stopped at St.
Louis, then containing a population of only eight thousand
souls, and from there he eame to Jacksonville, Illinois,
where he joined a colony then forming in that place, and
which subsequently seltied and entered a large tract of land
ten miles north of Blootainglon, in the county of McLean.
It is a curious coincidence that after a separation of thirty-
three years John Magoun and Calvin C. Sampson raet again
in Massachusetts at Ihe horae of Iheir childhood, where both
had gone on a visit, anel where Sarapson sickened. and died
of typhoid fever in August, 1868. Mr. Magoun carae to

-^¦""^ Co. FI-dLui^.^'f''''''^

J'^.^^

Ht_cx^.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

525

Bloomington early enough in 1836 to work on the old
brick court-house which was built in that year, and whieh
was a few years ago removed to give place to the present
magnificeni structure. In December of this year, after the
summer work was done, Mr. Magoun delermined to retum
to his old Massachusetts home and look again upon the
face of his dear old mother before she left the shores of
time for the brighter land beyond the river, and so he
started on foot wilh Joseph Bedell and Chester Foster,
walking upon an average twenly-two miles per day through
the new and thinly settled States of Illinois and In
diana. In Ohio they bought a horse and jumper, and
travelled in that vvay to Morristown, New Jersey, from
which place they raade their way home by stage and olher
kinds of conveyance. Shortly after Mr. Magoun got home
his mother died, and just before her decease she said :
"John, I have greatly de.sii-ed to see you once more, and
that desire is now gratified and I am ready and willing to
depart." And thus died and went home to heaven the
mother of John Magoun, whom he so tenderly loved, and
to whom, under God, he w-as indebted for raost of the vir
tues which have adorned his life. Soon after the death of
his mother Mr. Magoun returned to Bloominglon, Illinois,
and industriously engaged himself al his trade of bricklaying
and plastering, and many are the well-plastered houses and
well-built chiraneys still standing to attest the skill and
faithfulness of his jirofession. While on a subsequent visit
to the horae of his childhood Mr. Magoun engaged again
in the raasonry Irade in Boston, and was employed wilh
others in the building of the great chimney of the Roxbuiy
Chemical Works, and vvhen at an elevation of one hundred
and seventy-six feet from the ground the scaffold gave way
and precipitated the workmen to the bottom ofthe chimney,
killing one and alraost killing another, while Mr. Magoun
escaped with but liltie injury. The poor fellow who was
killed was an Irishman, and the moment before the scaffold
broke he said, as he looked eastward over Boston harbor :
" I must have one raore look towards my dear old Ireland."
The early emigrants to Illinois were mostly poor, and Mr.
Magoun was one of Ihe few who brought money with him
at Ihat early day. He was at one lime engaged wilh James
MiUer in the mercantile business in Clinton, IlUnois, and
subsequentiy with John E. McClun and others at Bloom
ington. He is novv and has been for raany years a partner
in the Horae Bank of Blooraington, Illinois. Mr. Magoun
has always been distinguished for his syrapathy, generosity,
and unselfishness, and in Ihe summer of l84g he had an
opportunily to perform a deed in that respect well worthy a
place in this brief sketch of his life. A raan by Ihe name
of Sampson, ii. merchant of Blooraington, had been to
Chicago and came home sick with the cholera, and evi
dently to die in a few hours. The inhabitants of the then
little town were not only alarmed but paralyzed with terror.
No man could be hired for love or money lo attend upon
the dying man, when Mr. Magoun volunteered his services.

took his place by his bedside, which he never left till he
closed his eyes in death. The parting scene between the
dying man and his wife and child, in Ihe dead of night, is
described by Mr. Magoun as heartrending in the extreme.
"FareweU," said he to these dear ones. "Farewell; vve
shall raeet again in heaven," which they have doubtless
done, .as the raother and child have bolh long since passed
over the river to that brighter land above. It is to the
credit of Abrara Brokau and Goodinan Ferre Ihat they
aided Mr. Magoun al the dealh and buriEil of poor Samp
son. Mr. Magoun was always anti-slavery in his senti
menls, and heartily approved the proclamation of emanci
pation by Abraham Lincoln, and rejoiced that the result of
the war was the freedom of the slave. He is a strictiy
temperate man in all respects, and has been favorable lo all
the temperance reforras and associations calculated to
redeem the poor inebriate, and also to dry up Ihose sinks
of iniquity strangely authorized by law lo make drunkards
and paupers and scatter death and misery all around. He
is also opposed to the use of tobacco in all its forms, .and
has spent his money liberally in aiding the printing and dis
semination of tracts and documents against " Ihe fillhy and
disgusting habit of chewing and smoking." Mr. Magoun is
very fond of children, and greatly enjoys the society of the
ladies, and has always been a great favorite of the gentler sex.
He has never married, and regards this as one of the mistakes
of his life, and advises young raen not to follow his exaraple
in this respect. Mr. Magoun is about five feet nine inches
high, has dark hair, blue eyes, and weighs one hundred and
sixty pounds, and though sixty-seven years of age would not
be taken by a stranger for more than fifty. Few gray hairs
are to be seen upon his teraples ; his carriage is erect and his
step elastic, and he looks in every respect as if his lease of life
was good for raany years to corae. Few raen have ever
lived who have been raore distinguished for kindness of
heart, for charily -and for Ihe purity of his life than he.
For nearly forty years he has lived in Bloomington, and per
haps no man is better known throughout the counlry, and yet
no man or woraan could be found who would dare lo say
aught against Ihe character of John Magoun. Though gen
erous and liberal, alraost to a fault, he has accumulated a
large fortune, which he raanages wdth prudence and ability,
Ihus verifying in his own history Ihe truth of Ihe Scripture,
vvhich says: "There is that which scattei-elh yet increaseth."
No eollege has been built, no ehurch erected, nor any benev
olent or useful institution of any kind organized in the cora
raunity bul has been aided by the munificence of John Ma
goun. Large, however, as have been his donations to aid the
great enterprises of the day, Mr. Magoun has chiefly de
lighted in feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, visiling
the afflicted, and in every respect alleviating the sufferings
of humanity so far as lay within his power. His heart and
hand are always open to the wants of the poor. Numbers
of the distressed and destitute daily wait upon him, and the
needy and worthy applicant is never turned empty away. It

526

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

maybe truly said of hira, as of one of old, that he has delivered
the poor that have cried, and Ihe fatherless, and him that
had none to help him. The blessings of those who were
ready to perish are bestowed upon him ; and he has caused
the widow's heart to sing for joy. Eyes has he been to the
blind, and feet to the larae. He has been a father to the
fatherless, and the cause which he knew not he searched
out. Sueh has been Ihe life of John Magoun. He has
sought neither honor nor position in the world, but has
striven only to do good and to raake all who corae in contact
wilh him happier and better.

f ORRISON, HON. WILLIAM R., Lawyer and
Member of Congress from the Seventeenth Dis
trict of Illinois, was born in Monroe county,
lUiuois, on September 14th, 1825. He received
a comraon school education, and afterward be
carae a student in McKendree College, Illinois.
He was brought up on a farra, and began the active duties
of life thereon. Being attracted to the profession of law he
commenced study with a view to admission, and in due

course, in 1855, became a member of the bar. Since that
period he has practised his profession, save when called
away frora home on public service. On Ihe outbreak of the
Mexican war he enlered the army as a private and served
with gallantry. Again he gave his services to the country
in the late war, raising and coraraanding the 49th Illinois
Regiment. Previous and subsequent to his military career
he held many positions in the State by election. He was
elecled Clerk of the Circuit Court of Monroe county in 1852,
and resigned the office in 1854, in order to become candi
date for the State Legislature, in which he served by con
tinuous re-election until i860, officiating as Speaker of Ihe
House during Ihe last two years of that period. He was the
nominee of Ihe Deraocratic parly for the Thirty-ninth and
Fortieth Congresses. Again he was elecled in 1870 to the
State Legislature, and received the vole of, the Deraocratic
members for Speaker. He was elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, and also to the Forty-lhird, as a Deraocrat, receiv
ing on the latter occasion the votes of the Liberal Republi
cans. So well pleased were his constiluenls wilh his long
and faithful service that he was again returned to his seat
in the national legislature as a member of the Forty-fourtb
Congress.

INDEX.

Abend, Edward  302
Abrams, Isaac  140
Adams, John  397
AdamSrJohnE  123
Addams, John H  151
Alexander, John T  213
Alexander, Philip M  171
Allaire, Pierre A  330
Allen, Benjamin F  51
Allen, Edward R  23
Allen, Edwin C  133
Allen, James H  165
Allen, James N  346
¦ AlUn, J. Adams  496
AUen, William B  372
Allen, W.J  '  150
AUport, Walter W  507
Ames, Isaac  237
Andrews, Edmund  400
Anthony, Elliott  435
Anthony, Mark  518
Archer, William R  128
Armstrong, G. W  133
Arnold, Isaac N  70
Asay, Edward G  309
Atkins, Smith D  215
Atkinson, Charles  242
Atwood, Julius P  414
Avery, Daniel J  444
Ayer, Benjamin F  95
Babcock, H. H  244
Bagby, John C  356
Bagley, iVIarcus E  84
Bailey, J. M  134
Bailey, John S  201
Bailey, John W  144
Baird, WilUam F  386
Baker, Hon. David J  330
Baker, David J  258
Baker, Edward Dickinson  522
Baker, H. S  154
Balch, WiUiam S  43
Baldwin, Elmer  2B8
Baldwin, Metvin B  463
Baldwin, William A  278
Ballance, Charles  480
BalLird, E. F  62
Bannister, Henry  478
Barge, WiUiam .  51^
Barnes, Allen T  257
Barnes, Ira N  290
Barrere, GranviUe. . :  354
Bartlett, Frederick  211
Bartlett, N. Gray  477
Bartlett. William A  515
Barilcy, Milton  335
Barton, Philip H  356
Bascom, Flavel  180
Bassett, Moses F  416
Batchelder, George W  40
Bates, Erastus N  167
Bates, George C  394
Beardsley, James M   367
Beckwith, Corydon  266
Beem, Martin  45
BeU, Robert  362
Beery, A. W  177
Bevan, Thomas  91
Beveridge, John L  521
BidweU, Orlando B  149
Binckley, John M  3^4

Biroth, Henry  127
Bisbee, L. H  108
Bishop, Robert N  195
Bissell, Josiah H  217
BisseU, William H  320
Black Hawk...  ^iq
Blair, Chauncey B  10
Blair, WiUiam  ,  35^
Blanchard, Jonathan  516
Blaney, James V. Z  50-1
Blauw, C. A.'W  187
Blocki, William F  124
Blodgett, Henry W  460
Bloomfield, Ira J  245
Boal, Robert  379
Boardman, Isaac S  189
Boltwood, Henry L  291
Bond, Lester L  410
Bond, Shadrach  15
Bond, Thomas S  477
Bonfield, Joseph F  88
Bonfield, Thomas P  84
Bonney, Charles C  59
Boone, Levi D  260
Bosworth, Increase C  52
Botsford, J. K  :?72
Botsford, R. N  "55
Bowen, Chauncey T  480
Bowen, James H  455
Bowman, WiUiam G  318
Bowyer, Eli  373
Boyd, Henry W  308
Boyd, Thomas A  331
Boyington, William W  352
Bradwell, James B  395
Brady, L. D  48
Brainard, Daniel  294
Branson, N. W  314
Brawley, Francis W. S  439 ¦
Brazee, Christopher M  37
Breese, Sidney  408
Brewster, Theron D  223
Bricker, Jonathan  401
Brigham, Reeder S  306
Brooks, Datns C  474
Bross, Fredolin  324
Bross, John A  449
Bross, William  313
Brosseau, Julius  115
Brown, George W  506
Brown, James B  291
Brown, William  183
Brown, W.S  57
Browning, John T  232
Browning, OrviUe H  135
Bry, Francis  373
Bryan, Silas L  368
Bryan, Thomas B  14
Bryant, H. B  157
Bryant, John H  200
Buck, George  384
Buford, Charles  432
Buford, Col. John  224
Buford, Gen. John  221
Buford, James M  233
Bnford, Napoleon B  224
Humstead, Samuel J  464
Burchard, H. C  186
Burnett, Warner E  337
Burnham, Edwin  68
Burnham, Edwin R  292
Burns, John  329

Burroughs, John C  429
Busey, M. W  152
Busey, Simeon H. .. ..•  152
Bush, Joseph M  392
Byford, W. H  119
Calhoun, John B  34
Camp, James L  440
Campbell, Alexander  519
Canby, Richard S  341
Cannon, William P  412
Capen, Luman W  53
Carlin, Thomas  312
Carpenter, Philo  433
Carr, Clark E  500
Carr, Eugene A  195
Carroll, Charles  337
Carrothers, George W  362
Cartwright, James H  338
Casey, Lewis F  153
Casey, Thomas S  501
Casey, Zadok  439
Catlin, Thomas D  251
Caton, John D  130
Caulfield, Bernard G  r. . 209
Chamberlain, L. T  229
Chapman, A. Scott  200
Charlton, Richard C  329
Charters, Alexander  187
Chase, Philander  523
Cheaney, Samuel L  324
Cheney, Charles E  319
Chesbrough, Ellis S  365
Chetlain, A. L  270
Chetlain, John L  51
Chew, William  494
Choihser, Edmund D  321
Choisser, William V  332
Christy, William M  317
Church, Thomas  365
Clarke, HasweU C  100
Clark, Horace S  184
Clark, James  41 5
Clark, Roderic  380
Clarkson, John P  269
Clements, Isaac  273
Cobb, Silas B  363
Cochran, Joseph W  380
Coffing, ChurchiU  191
Cole, David  32
Cole, Jordan 1  222
Coles, Edward  14
CoUyer, Robert  447
Colton, Chauncey S  482
Colton, Francis  475
Condon, Sidney S  155
Cook, B. C  113
Cook, John  406
Cooke, Nicholas F  464
Coolbaugh, William F  350
Corwin, Franklin  126
Cory, Benjamin S  436
Cory, James G  499
Coulter, John R  31
Craig, Alfred M  203
Crawford, John S  225
Crawford, Joseph  270
Crawford, Monroe C  378
Crawford, Samuel Knox  337
Crawford, William H  323
Crebs, John M  342
Crews, Hooper  452

Crouse, John N  77
Cullom, Shelby M  514
Culver, Joseph F  384
Cunningham, James R  313
Cunningham, J . O  99
Curtis, Charles R. S  69
Cushing, George H  89
Cushman, W.H. W  265
Daggett, John F  71
Dale, M. G  292
Danforth, J. B., Jr  248
Davenport, Bailey  251
Davenport, George  237
Davidson, Orlando  67
Davis, Cressa K  309
Davis, David  438
Davis, N. S  102
Dean, Mason S  73
Deere, C. H  282
Deere, John  281
De Foe, Augustus  173
Dement, John  267
Deming, Henry H  439
De Motte, W. H  61
Denser, Samuel H  277
Dent, Thomas  234
Derickson, Richard P  508
Dexter, Wirt  258
Dickey, Hugh T  396
Dickey, T. Lyle  125
Dieffenbacher, PhiUp L  418
Dinsmore, J. W  244
Dixon, John  288
Dodds, Ford Sill  234
Dora, John W  1S7
Dore, JohnC  471
Dougall, William  385
Dougherty, John  151
]!)ouglas, Robert  483
Douglas, Stephen A  18
Drummond, Thomas  264
Ducat, Arthur Charles  388
Duff, Andrew D  290
Duncan, Joseph  44
Dunlap, George L  401
Dunlap, James  301
Dunning, C. W  150
Dutcher, E. F  327
Dwight, Samuel L  163
Dyas, W. G  112
Dyer, Charles V  361
Dyer, Lewis  66
Dyer, Reuben F  135
Eads, James A  212
Eames, Edward  117
Eastman, Zebina  510
Ebert, Albert E  50
Eckert, Thomas W  307
Eddy, Thomas M  479
Edgar, WiUiam H  379
Edwards, Alanson W  34
Edwards, Elijah E  306
Edwards, Ninian  330
EeUs, Samuel C  178
Ekey, William M  347
Ela, John W  380
Eldridge, George S  128
Eldridge, Hamilton N  398
Emery, Enoch  476
" iick, James C  433
527

528

INDEX.

Etheridge, James H  437
Eustace, John V  176
Evans, E. W  59
Everett, Oliver  178
Everts, William W  353
Ewing, Charles A  179
Ewing, William G  94
Ewing, William Lee  311
Fais , Charles J  316
Fallows, Samuel  148
Fargo, James C  378
Farnsworth, John ./  436
Farthing, WiUiam D  380
FarweU, Charles B  18
Farwell, John V  62
Farwell, WilUam W  277
Fay, James Edwards  404
Fekete, Alexander  395
FeU, Kersey H  253
Felsenthal, Bernhard  32
Ferguson, George  447
Ferris, Harrison J  196
Ficklin, Orlando B  331
Fillin, Joseph W  202
Fisher, George  313
Fitch, Thomas D  459
Fithian, William  409
Foley, Thomas  9
Ford, Thomas  335
Forman, Ferris  202
Forrester, Robert H  409
Fort, Greenberry L  355
Fouke, Jacob, Jr.  153
Fowler, Charles H  512
Fowhr, Edwin S  333
Freer, Joseph W  501
French, Augustus C  338
J^'rew, Calvin H  298
Frye, Joseph C  344
Fuller, Francis  100
FuUer, Melville W  34
Fuller, Oliver F  126
Fuller, Samuel \V  481
Funk, Isaac  6;i
Gale, Jacob  355
Gale, James V  2 1 ^
Gait, John M  236
G-lU, Thomas A  225
Gardner, Dantcl  377
G.irdner, Freeland B  451
Gary, Erastus  388
Gates, R. W  55
Gibbs, A. E  264
Gibson, John M  198
Gillespie, David  343
Gillespie, Joseph  415
Gillett, Philip G  54
Gindele, Jjhn G  462
Glenn, John J  '::,6^
Glover, Livingston M ....... 64
Godfrey, William H  i8d
Goodbrake, Christopher. .... 371
Gooding, William  85
Goodnow, Henry C  414
Goodrich, Grant  239
Goodrich, H. 0  21
Goodwin, Edward P  284
G jodwin, Stephen A  15]
Gookins. Samuel B  424
Goold, Charles H  2ii
Goudy, Wihiam C  i63
Goulci, John M  253
Graham, Ross  343
Grant, Angus M  212
Grant, Charljs E  1 15
Grant, Ulysses S  28
Grant, William C  321
Gray, John C  i83
Gregg, James M  318
Gregg, Patrick  247
Green, A. T  233
Green, Kdward B  352
Green, William H  414
Green, Willis Duff  300
Greene, William G  2 [.
Greent:baum, Henry  366
Greenleaf, Charles W  408
Greer, Samuel P'urd  199
Gresham, Charles D  381
Gridley, Asahel  13

Griggs, Samuel C  393
Groesbeck, Abram  31
Guiteau, Luther W  177
Gunn, Moses  14S
Guyer, Samuel S  279
Habing, Henry G  193
Hahn, James A  386
HaU, Thomas  273
Hallam, John L  163
Haller, Francis B  144
Ham, Charles H  41
Hamilton, Joseph 0  156
Hamilton, William  147
Hamlin, John  246
Hampton, Benjamin R  143
Hanford, Raymond W  411
Hancock, John L  351
Hannaman, R. L  123
Hard, Chester  134
Harness, Isaac  197
Harnett, Joseph M  492
Harris, Benjamin F  30J
Harris, Daniel S  171
Harris, James M  197
Hart, Benjamin K  203
Hawley, James A  397
Hawley, John B  441
Hay, Franklin E  357
Hay, John B  275
Hay, Walter  502
Hayes, Samuel S  465
Hayward, Horace  382
Hayward, Joh.i S  456
Hayward, W. E  430
Heaton, WiUiam W  181
Healy, George P. A  453
Hedges, Samuel P  463
Hempstead, Charles S  i6r
Hempstead, Edward  129
Henderson, Thomas J  276
Henry, B. W  173
Henry, Miles Smith  333
Herbert, George  385
Herod, Thomas J. S  325
Hervey, Robert  in
Hesing, Anthony C  357
Hess, WiUiam\t^  488
Hettinger, l\Iatthias  242
Hibbard, Homer Nash  15
Hibbard, John R  470
Hickox, Virgil  66
Higbee, C. L  105
Higgins, Lorenzo D  447
Higgins, Va.i H  405
High, James L  404
HiU, Edward J  401
HiU, Thomas E  33
Hilliard, Lawrin P  37
HinchcUffe, John  207
Hitchcock, Charles  252
Hitt, Danid F  315
Hoard, Samuel  383
Hobert, Edward S  189
Hoes, James H  369
Hoffman, Francis A  485
Holden, Charles N  461
Holeman, Edward  501
HoUister, John H  174
Holmes , Edward L  508
Honsinger, Emanuel  373
Hook, Charles H  255
Horner, Henry H  287
Horsman, Charles I  ¦ 170
Hossack, John  114
Hossack, John, Jr  84
Hotz, Ferdinand C  210
Houghton, Horace H  219
Howard, H. C  106
Hoyne, Philip A  81
Hoyne, I'emple S  303
Hoyne, Thomas  120
Hubbard, G. Saltonstal  17
Hubbard, WiUiam G  49
Huds^n, Richard H  340
Hughlatt, Samuel  487
Hurd, Henry S  105
Hurlburt, Stephen A  480
Hurlburt, Vincent L  91
Huse, WiUiam Lee  248
Hutchinson, Timothy W  343
Hyde, James IS  467

Ingersoll, Robert G  5^4
Inscore, Matthew J  385
Ives, Simeon P  395
Jacobs, George P  42
Jackson, Abraham R  222
Jackson, Albert J  172
Jackson, Giles W  146
James, Josiah L  73
Jaquess, Isaac N  367
Jarrott, Vital . .'  163
Jennings, Thomas C  165
Jewell, HoUis  377
Jewell, James S  82
Jewett, John N  395
Johnson, Hosmer Allen  360
Johnson, Madison Y  218
Jones, Fernando  116
Jones, George W  426
Jones, Joseph R  359
Jones, Samuel J  272
Jones, William  297
Judd, Herbert  128
Judd, Norman B  75
Judd, S. Corning  458
Kagay, Benjamin F  241
Kagy, John B.  376
Kane, Elias K  327
Kase, Spencer M  176
Kase, William G  208
Keator, J.S  229
Kelley, Daniel  391
Kelso, Hugh A  201
Kendall, Henry W  74
KendaU, Milo  132
Kerfoot, Samuel H  375
Kerfoot, W. D  107
Kerr, Thomas  20
Kcttinger, Matthias  242
Kilgour, W. M  141
King, John Lyle  11
King, W. H...  72
Kingsbury , Arius N  326
Kirby, Edward P  64
Kitchell, Alfred  481
Kitchell, John W  4S7
KitcheU, W  467
Kittoe, Edward D  489
Kittredge, Abbott Elliot  518
Koerner, G  ;  192
Kohl, Julius  166
Kohler, Kauffman  47
Knight, Stephen S  403
Knott, Christian W   280
Knowlton, Dexter A  206
Knox, James  502
Knox, Joseph  390
Kuechler, Karl F  377
Lacey, Lyman  499
Lamon, Robert B  232
Landes , Silas Z  347
Lane, Edward  430
Lane, WiUiam  182
Langley, James W  105
Larned, Edwin C  490
Latham, John F  334
Lathrop, Dixwell  117
Lawrence, Sardis S  79
Lawson, Manasseh M. . ,  183
Leake, Joseph B  78
Leaming, Jeremiah  272
Lecrone, John  196
Leland, Edwin S  249
Leland, Lorenzo  226
Lence, WiUiam C  i6g
Lennard, Amos L  365
Lescher, John Jacob  343
Lincoln, Abraham.  5
Linegar, David T  142
Li ttie, Alexander C  21
Little, Thomas C  238
Locke, John Wesley  283
Lockwood, Samuel D  398
Logan, John A  420
Loring, Harrison  94
Lorraine, John  220
Lovejoy, Elijah P  164
Lovejoy, Owen  137
Lowe, Alexander K  330
Lucas, (jeorge L  383

Ludlam, Reuben  469
Lyman, Henry M  482
Lytle, Francis W  286
Magoun, John  524
Magruder, Benjamin D  251
Mann, Joseph B  415
Mann, Orrin L  450
Mann, Sylvester S  47
Manning, Jot:l  227
Manning, Julius  372
Manny, Pells  154
Marsh, Ebenezer  284
Marsh, John L  345
Marshall, Benjamin F  374
Marshall, Edward B  - . . 155
Marshall, Henry  367
Marshall, Nathan  364
Marshall, Samuel S  494
Martin, Hugh  355
Mason, Nelson  435
Matthews, Asa C  158
Matthews, Frederick L  203
Matthews, John P  191
Mattison, Joel A  311
Maxson, Orrin T  442
McAUister, William K  267
MeArthur, John  364
McCabe, John  387
McCagg, Ezra B  422
McChesney, Alfred B  500
McClaughry, R. W  65
McClellan, John J  473
McClellan, Robert H  197
McClelland, Milo A  127
McClun, John E  522
McClurg, Alexander C  424
McCord, D. H  164
McCourtie, Isaac  207
McCrea, Samuel H  n6S
McDowell, Chai les E  347
McDowell , John R  483
McDowell, N. S  235
McDowell, W. H. H  48
McDowell, WiUiam M  346
McKeaigj George W  341
McKinnon, John J  410
McLaren, William E  518
McLean, Hon. John  325
McLean, John  243
McRoberts, Samuel  335
McWilliams, Robert  431
Mercer, Frederick W  s.66
Merriman, Henry P  437
Merritt, Thomas E  383
Mick, Robert  317
Middlecoff, Jonathan P  191
Milburn, William Hemy  339
MiU, James W  315
Miller, Ambrose M  287
Miller, Anson S  86
Miller, De Laskie  497
Miller, H. G  4^6
MitcheU, Arthur  116
Mitchell, James  136
Monroe, H enry S  204
Moody, Dwight L  261
Moore, Asa H  311
Ml ore, Clifton H  418
Moore, David N  399
Moore, Enoch W  ib8
Moore, Jesse H  452
Moore, Samuel M  410
Morgan, Sidney S  345
Morrill, John  250
Morrison, Isaac L  33
Morrison, Napoleon B  381
Morrison, William R  526
Morse, Charles M  82
Morse, John M  214
Moulton, Samuel W  491
Munn, Daniel W  97
Munn, Loyal L  179
Myers, Phillip  221
Nance, Hiram  3-16
Neece, WiUiam H  201
Nelson, Daniel T  , . . 496
Nelson, William E  178
Newhall, Horatio  183
Nicholson. Aaron B  415
Nixon, Wilson K  427

INDEX.

N oetling, Charles F  190
Norcom , Frederick B  333
Norris, Ralph S  271
Norton, H iram  411
N orton, Jesse O  523
Ogden, Mahlon D  ng
Ogden, W. B  113
Oglesby, Richard J  520
Osborne, Thomas 0  348
Owens, John E  471
Paddock, Daniel H  100
Paddock, John W  96
Paddock, Stephen G  199
Palmer, Frank W  35
Palmer, John M  56
Palmer, Potter  241
Parker, G. G  391
Parker, George W  285
Parkinson, Robeit  369
Parks, Benjamin F  310
Parks, Calvin C, Sr  436
Parks, Calvin C, Jr  440
Parks, Robert H  305
Parish, WiUiam H  332
Partridge, Jasper  t  397
Patterson, Joseph M  .' . 186
Patterson, Robert W  422
Patterson, Samuel S  181
Patterson, Theodore H  4S4
Pattison , Jeremiah  392
Patton, Francis L  186
Patton, W. W  i8t
Payne, Thomas  509
Pearman, John T  349
Peebles, Lewis P  190
Peirce, William P  53
Pennington, James T  i6g
Pennington, Lot S  212
Penwell, Enos  494
Ferryman, James L  269
Peters, Onslow  360
Pfrangle, Gustavus A  296
Phelps, Othniel B  261
Phillips, Franklin W  87
Phillips, Jesse J  327
PhiUips, Thomas H  165
Pierce, Gilbert A  42
PiUsbury, N.J  52
Pogue, Joseph  412
Pomroy, Caleb M  106
Powell, Edwin  98
Powell, Israel A  412
Powell, John Frost  ' 413
Powers , Horatio N  263
Pratt, Leonard  328
Preston, Finney D  358
Price, Oscar F  141
Pullman, George M  493
Purinton, George  109
Purple, Norman H  354
Puterbaughj Sabin D  310
Quine, W. E  184
Rae, Robert  45^
Rainey, Jefferson  176
Randall, Gurdon P  421
Rankin, James  280
Rathbone, Valentine  329
Rauch, John H  505
RawUns, John A  8
Rea, Robert L  44
Reading, James M  67
Reber, Charles D  492
Reddiek, William  293
Reed, Charles H  391
Reed, James A  297
Reeder, Isaac H  317
Rees, James H  99
Reid, John..  371
Reynolds, John  312
Rhoades, Silas  316
Rice, Edward y  504
Rice, Erasmus D  347
Rice, John B  474
67

Ridgway, Edmond W  375
Rinaker, John J.  166
Robbing, Joseph  94
Roberts, Caesar A  316
Roberts, James H  211
Robinson, John M  325
Roby, Kilburn H  179
Roedel, Carl  328
Rogers, 'i'imothy  78
Roler, Edward O. F  77
Rout, George F  349
Root, Henry  106
Root, James P  392
Roskoten, Robert  293
Ross, Joseph P  140
Ross, Lewis W  344
Rouse, Rudolph  359
Rowley, William R  209
Roy, Joseph E  228
Runkle, Cornelius  107
Runyan, Eben F  428
Russ, Lewis  195
Rutz, Edward  243
Ryder, WiUiam H  282
Safford, Alfred B  318
Sanborn, WiUiam A  220
Sandborn, David  135
Sanders, William D  38
Sanford, Edward  74
Sankey, Ira D  263
Savage, G. S. F  245
Scammon, J. Young  322
Schenck, WiUiam E  468
Schmidt, John  97
Scholfield, John  482
Schuyler, Henry N  427
Scott, James R  192
Scott, John M  90
ScouUer, John Dean  98
Scroggin, Levin P  147
Sedgwick, S. P  168
Semple, James  334
Shaffer, John W  145
Sballenberger, Martin  478
Shannon, Thomas J  375
Shaw, Benjamin F  153
Sheahan, James W  379
Sheean, David  233
Sheldon, Benjamin R  476
Sheldon, Jairus C  no
Sherman, E. B  386
S herman, Francis P  423
Sherman, Julien S  429
Shields, James  336
Shipman, George E  486
Shissler, Louis  475
Shorey, Daniel L  478
Shuman, Andrew  369
Sidway, L. B  107
Silverthorn, Lemuel L  491
Singleton, J. W  484
Skinner, Mark  256
Skinner, Onias C  216
Sleeper, Joseph A  443
Small, Alvan E  469
Smith, A. A  122
Smith, A. P  235
Smith, Basil B  371
Smith, Charles G  350
Smith, David S  492
Smith, Jacob M  89
Smith, James G  457
Smith, M. W  loi
Smith, Perry H  444
Smith, Sidney  411
Smith, W. M  95
Snowhbok, W. B  402
Snyder, Hon. W. H  390
Snyder, W. H  393
Somers, William D  115
Somers, Winston  in
Soulard, James G  182
Southworth, Elizur  443
Sparks, WiUiam A. J  381
Spencer, John W  295
Sprague, Albert A  246

Springer, George A  30
Stahl, Frederick  182
Stalker,H. J  428
Starr, Charles R  139
Stearns, Owen E  218
Steel, WiUiam A  80
Steele, Charles B  194
Stephens, Bradford N  503
Stevens, Justus  146
Stewart, Elam L  341
Stewart, James T  348
Stiles, Elias B  442
Stiles, Israel N  252
Stoddard, Luke F  438
Stoker, WiUiam  166
Stolp, Allen W  337
Stulp, Joseph G  326
Storrs, Emory A  258
Storey, Wilbur F  497
Strawn, Jacob  16
Strevell, Jason W  91
Sturtevant, Julian M  26
Swahlen, Wiliiam F  302
Swan, Robert K  2-^^i
Swannel, WUUam G  130
Sweet, Ellis L  119
Sweet, Martin P  173
Swengel, D. Frank  403
Swett, Luonard  472
Swift, MUton H  118
Swing, David  259
Swisher, William M  ,. 357
Tanner, Tazewell B  301
Tarbox, Horace  232
Taylor, Horace W  27
Taylor, John J  12
Taylor, Julius S  208
Tefft, Joseph  39
Tenney, D. K  414
Terrell, AnscU A  268
Terry, Elias S  412
Thomas, ('yrus  432
Thomas, Hon. William  92
Thomas, H.W  11
Thomas, Jesse B  326
Thomas, John  190
Thomas, Samuel  457
Thomas, S. B  88
Thomas, William  394
Thompson, John L  445
Thompson, Richard S  142
Tiffany, Otis Henry  255
Tipton, Thomas F  153
Tourtellotte, F. W  398
Town, Morris C  37
Tree, Lambert  438
Trimble, Cairo D  129
Trower, Thomas B  483
Truitt, James M  433
Trumbull, Lyman  416
Tuley,M. F  429
TunnicUff", Damon G  124
Turner, John L  438
Turner, Jonathan B  22
Turner, Thomas J  174
Tyler, James E  475
UnderhiU, Isaac  189
Underwood, W. H  276
Upton, George P  503
Utley, Joseph  222
Van Arman , John  402
Van Buren, Evarts  410
Van Deusen, Delos  442
Vandeveer, Horatio M  374
Vandeventer, William L  316
Van Dyke, Ebenezer.  499
Van P-^Pps, W.H  79
Van Meter, Samuel  279
Van Osdel, John M  354
Volk, Leonard W  418
Wade, Samuel  202
Wadsworth, Elisha S  362
Wadsworth, Philip  445
WagenseUer, Samuel  400

529
Waite, Horace F  21c
Walker, Charles A  206
Walker, Cyrus  274
Walker, George E  133
Walker, James M  389
Walker, Leonidas  104
Walker, Pinkney H  440
Walker, VvUIiam  ^68
WaU, George W  170
Wallace, Hugh  255
V\^allace, Martin R. M  4=8
WaUj.ce, WiUiam H. L  it8
Wallis, WiUiam T  474
Walton WiUiam  193
\Vann, Daniel  54
W'ard, Jasper D  477
Wardner, Horace  185
Vv^i.rfield, Richard N  308
Warner, Edward B  272
Warren, George E  88
Washburn, Thomas D  431
Washburne, Elihu B  236
Wasson, JohnN  329
Waterman, Daniel B  307
Waison, WiUis H  39
Way, Joseph H  85
Webl er, Thomas R  no
Webster, John R  331
Weed, Corydon  46
Weir, John H  318
Welch, William R  188
Wenger, Elias  275
Wentworth, John  230
West, Washington  198
Wheat, Alexander E  97
Wheat, Crosby IP  227
Wheaton, Charles  56
Wheaton, Jesse C  402
Wheaton, Warren L  389
Wheeler, Hiram  512
Wheelock, StiUman W  228
White, Horace  376
White, John L  139
Whitehouse, Henry John  426
Whitmire, James S  356
Whitmire,Z.H  468
Wike, Scott  2og
Wilbur, C. T  27
Wilcox, John S  487
Wilcox, Silvanus  498
Wilcoxon, Thompson  igg
Wilder, Roswell  109
Wiley, Lii  499
Wilkinson, Ira 0  506
Wilkinson, Winfield S  285
Williams, Norman  442
WUUams, Robert E  83
Wilson, Charles C  348
Wilson, Charles L  336
Wilson, Edward S  340
Wilson, Isaac G  387
Wilson. Isaac T  in
Wilson, John M  58
Wilson, William G  511
Windette, Arthur W  2S6
Winston, F. H  198
Winter, John S  300
Wise, Alfred H  213
Witmer, Richard B  488
Wolfe, JohnS  178
Wood, John  145
Wood, Norman N  158
Wood, William  429
Woodbridge, John  460
Woodruff, GUbert  20
Woodruff, Robert J  193
Woodworth, James H  351
WooUey, Edwin C  193
Wright, George W  356
Wright, James S  403
Wright,John  328
Wright, Paul R  404
Yates, Richard  489
Young, Delos W.'.  25
Young, Richard M  330
Zink, George L  435