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PEDAGOGICAL LIBRARY
OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATIOM
YALE SCHOOL OF RELIGION

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PEDAGOGICAL LIBRARY
OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
YALL G.-Kui-.... OF RELIGION

THE ENGUSH BIBLE

BY
JAMES S. STEVENS
Dean of the College of Arte and Sciences
of the University of Maine

To every man who faces life with real desire to do
hia part in everything, I appeal for a study of the
Bible. No book of any kind ever written has so
affected the whole life of a people. — Theodore Roosevelt.

PEDAGOGICAL LIBRARY
OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
YALE SCHOOL Ol- RELIGION
THE ABINGDON PRESS
NEW YORK CINCINNATI

Copyright, 1921, by
JAMES S. STEVENS

Mi]

Printed in tha United States of America

CONTENTS
PAGE
Preface  5
Acknowledqments  7
Introduction  9
CHAPTEB I. A CoLLBcnoN OP Passages of Especial Literary
Value  15
II. A Brief History op the Period op the Bible. ... 45
m. The Old Testament Narratives  ^  48
IV. The New Testament Narratives  55
V. The Major Classics — 1  58
VI. The Major Classics— II  61
Vn. The Five Minor Classics  68
vm. The Earlier Pheexilic Prophets  73
IX. The Later Preexilic Prophets  76
X. The Prophets of the Exile  78
XI. The Period of Restoration  80
Xn. The Letters of Paul  83
XIII. Other New Testament Letters  86
XIV. The Bible in Poetey  88
XV. The Bible in Poetry (Continued)  106
XVI. The Bible in Poetry (Continued)  117
XVII. The Bible IN Oratory  138
XVIII. The Bible in the Essay  146
XIX. The Bible in the Novel  151
XX. The Songs of the Bible  157
XXI. Short Stories op the Bible  168
XXII. The Literary Characteristics of the Bible .... 171
XXIII. Figures of Speech in the Bible  174
XXIV. Exercises for Practice  182
XXV. Passages foe Special Study  187
XXVI. Topics for EIxtended Study  222
XXVII. Examination Questions  225

PREFACE
Oua knowledge of the Bible has decreased lamentably
in the last fifty years. In the last chapter of this book
will be found a set of examination questions whitli
was given to a class of about thirty students, many of
whom were making a special study of English liteia
ture. The average number of questions answered was
five. In giving out the questions- it was remarked that
the examination would constitute a general intelligence
test because it was assumed that one could draw on
his fund of general information to answer the ques
tions, although he might not be a profound biblical
student. The results seemed to show that the exami
nation could by no means be regarded as a general in
telligence test.
It is the opinion of those especially interested in the
study of the English Bible that there is at present
something of an awakened interest in the subject. In
some of our colleges credit is given for systematic work
done in the Sunday school. In many institutions
courses are given in biblical literature where the sub
ject is presented in its historical development. There
are a number of textbooks which cover this ground in
a satisfactory manner. This book recognizes at the
outset the existing condition that the great majority
of our young people are lacking in a proper knowledge
of the Bible itself. About half of the work, therefore,
is devoted to a direct study of the narratives in order
to supply a foundation for the literary study with
which the other half is concerned.
It is hoped that it may be useful to students in
schools, colleges, and Sunday schools; and to divinity
students who may need to extend their knowledge of
the Bible in this direction. 5

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book contains a large number of quotations
from poets, novelists, essayists, and orators. It is im
possible to make specific acknowledgment for every
individual quotation, but where they have been ex
tensively used permission has been granted by the pub
lishers. The Houghton Miflflin Company have given permission
for the use of quotations from The Life and Literature
of the Ancient Hebrews, by Dr. Lyman Abbott ; for the
use of quotations from Bayard Taylor's translation of
Faust ; and for miscellaneous quotations from the Cam
bridge Edition of the poets.
D. C. Heath & Company have permitted us to make
extracts from Moulton's The Literary Study of the
Bible; and from Professor Cook's The Bible and Eng
lish Prose Style.
The Funk & Wagnalls Company have given ijs per
mission to make quotations from their book. The
World's Famous Orations, by W. J. Bryan.
To these publishers we make grateful acknowledg
ment for extending these courtesies.

INTRODUCTION
At the outset of a course such as is outlined in these
pages one is confronted with two difficulties which
would not exist in connection with the study of any
other book than the Bible. In the flrst place there is
an obvious feeling of sensitiveness on the part of young
people regarding Bible study. A young man or woman
who would feel no hesitation in carrying a volume of
Shakespeare or Goethe across the college campus would
experience a certain degree of embarrassment if for
these were substituted the English Bible. This point
of view does not indicate any lack of appreciation of
the Bible, but it is a psychological condition resulting
probably from the association of the Bible with services
which are related to the concerns of life which young
men and women do not care to discuss publicly.
Another difficulty in our approach lies in an exag
gerated reverence for the Bible which in some cases
amounts almost to a superstition. When we read, for
example, that Senator Beveridge gives it as his opinion
that the three greatest orations ever delivered were the
Sermon on the Mount by Jesus Christ, the Address on
Mars' Hill by Saint Paul, and the Gettysburg Address
by Abraham Lincoln, we are conscious of a distinct
shock in our religious sensibilities. It is on account
of this that the book of Job, which is universally ac
corded a very high place in literature, was practically a
sealed book for many centuries. Since it is a fact that we
have in the King James version of the English Bible a
collection of pieces of literature which are unsurpassed,
it becomes necessary for us to lay aside whatever scru
ples we may have concerning its study from any other
than a religious point of view. It does not detract
9

10 INTRODUCTION
from the ethical value of the Sermon on the Mount to
study the marvelous skill used by Jesus in setting
forth his teachings. That the story of the prodigal son
is called by many critics the best short story ever writ
ten should add to its value as a teacher of the Father
hood of God.
It should be said that the first prerequisite for a
course of study like this should be a profound cultural
reverence. There are peculiar reasons why the Bible
should be held in higher reverence than other books,
but no one can go very far in the study of literature
unless he takes with him a reverence for the things
which in the highest sense minister to his culture. A
college student who recently made a parody on the
Twenty-third Psalm was properly rebuked by the
editor of one of our daily newspapers, who stated that
this student might be witty, but he hoped that some
time he would gain wisdom. Cultured people experi
ence a similar shock when they read parodies on Tenny
son's "Crossing of the Bar" or Wordsworth's "Ode on
the Intimations of Immortality" — two of the most per
fect poems in the English language.
It should not be necessary to make a plea for the
study of the English Bible as a piece of literature on
the ground that it is the most frequently quoted book in
existence. No one can read literature intelligently to
whom the biblical allusions are meaningless. Mr. E. V.
Lucas, in an essay in The Outlook, writes of the rich
who decree a palace dome — a rather senseless expres
sion to one who has not read "Kubla Khan." In a simi
lar manner one would fail to understand his statement
that the throwing of the tea into Boston Harbor was
the most momentous act of jettison since Jonah, unless
he had read the Bible. The statement made during the
Great War that Belgium's mighty neighbor coveted
her vineyard, while more intelligible, is lacking in liter
ary charm to one who is ignorant of the setting.

INTRODUCTION 11
The course of study outlined in this book may be di
vided into about two equal parts. The first part con
sists mainly of a study of the narratives contained in
the Bible and of such books as Ruth, Job, the Psalms,
Proverbs, and Isaiah as literary masterpieces, to
gether with a briefer study of the other books. The
second part of the book is devoted to a study of the
Bible as used by the great masters in literature. This
study is based upon selections from the poets, orators,
essayists, and novelists. The first part of the course
should give the student a knowledge of the Bible itself
and the second part should give him an appreciation of
the Bible as a piece of literature. No attempt has been
made to make these studies complete, but it is thought
that the selections are sufficiently numerous to cover
the ground of a year's course. Every earnest student
will find a large number of passages in which the Bible
has been used by literary people in addition to those
gathered here. Indeed, it should be one of the chief
purposes of the course to stimulate the student to col
lect such passages.
A prominent feature of a course such as has been ar
ranged should be the notebook. A properly arranged
and systematized set of notes ought to be the basis of
a life study of the Bible.
The list of quotations which follow is taken from the
utterances of men whose opinions should have great
weight. It is by no means complete, and it should be
the purpose of the student to add to this list whenever
he comes across an appropriate quotation.
Theodore Roosevelt: To every man who faces life
with real desire to do his part in everything, I appeal
for a study of the Bible. No book of any kind ever
written has so affected the whole life of a people.
Woodrow Wilson: A man has deprived himself of
the best there is in the world who has deprived himself
of intimate knowledge of the Bible,

12 INTRODUCTION
James Anthony Froude: The Bible is in and of itself
a liberal education.
John Dry den: If everything else in our language
should perish, the Bible alone would suffice to show
the whole extent of its beauty and power.
Alfred Tennyson: The Bible ought to be read, were
it only for the sake of the grand English in which it is
written. Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Intense study of the Bible
will keep any writer from being vulgar in point of
style. Ralph Waldo Emerson: Shakespeare leans upon the
Bible. Thomas H. Huxley: The Bible has been the Magna
Charta of the poor and the oppressed.
Lyof A. Tolstoy: Without the Bible the education
of the child in the present state of society is iinpossible.
Giuseppe Garibaldi: The best of allies you can pro
cure for us is the Bible. That will bring us the reality
of freedom.
^ Napoleon Bonaparte: Behold it upon this table. I
never omit to read it, and every day with the same
pleasure. . . . Not only is one's mind absorbed,
it is controlled ; and the same can never go astray with
this book for its guide.
John Quincy Adams: The first and almost the only
book deserving of universal attention is the Bible.
Thomas Paine: As a composition it [the Bible] is
sublime, beautiful, and scientific; full of sentiment,
and abounding in grand metaphorical description.
Daniel Weister: The Bible is the book of all others
for lawyers as well as divines ; and I pity the man who
cannot find in it a rich supply of thought, and rule for
conduct. Goethe: It is a belief in the Bible, the fruits of deep
meditation, which has served me as the guide of my
moral and literary life.

INTRODUCTION 13
John Milton: There are no songs comparable to the
songs of Zion, no orations equal to those of the prophets,
and no politics like those which the Scriptures teach.
Andrew D. White: Our English Bible was trans
lated at the very best period of English literature, and
anyone who has a multitude of passages at his com
mand has not only stored up principles of the very
highest value, but a multitude of the choicest examples
of our own great literature.
Professor J. H. Gardiner: In all study of English
literature, if there be any one axiom which must be
accepted without a question, it is that the ultimate
standard of English prose style is set by the King
James Version of the Bible.
Professor W. L. Phelps: It is a great book to read —
from even a literary point of view the greatest book in
the world.

CHAPTER I
A COLLECTION OF PASSAGES OF ESPECIAL
LITERARY VALUE
In this chapter are set down lists of passages which
are readily recognized for their literary- excellence, or
are made use of by the best writers for purposes of il
lustration or embellishment. The personal— eq«a;ti«ir
has, of course, entered largely into the making of these
selections. Eighty-six passages were selected from the
larger list and these were submitted to forty-three pro
fessors of English and biblical literature, and others
whose literary judgment is of a high order, and each
selected twenty-five and from the twenty-five ten which
seemed to be entitled to especial distinction. Each
passage chosen among the first ten was given a weight
of two, and the others in the first twenty-five a weight
of one.
The first list, which follows, is the ten passages with
their weights; the second the fifteen similarly
weighted; the third list the remaining sixty-one pas
sages; and the last list the remaining passages origi
nally selected.
These lists of passages should be used In connection
with the study of the various books of the Bible. The
student should be familiar with the setting in each
case, and be able to explain its literary application.
The following will serve as illustrations of the method
of study suggested : Gen. 3. 19 — "In the sweat of thy
face shalt thou eat bread." This was said by Jehovah
to Adam when he was expelled from the Garden of
Eden, and it is frequently quoted to illustrate the
necessity of labor.
Judg. 5. 20-r"The stars in their courses fought
15

16 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
against Sisera." This occurs in Deborah's song cele
brating an Israelitish victory, and it is a striking ex
pression of belief in providential assistance to a right
eous cause.
Psa. 23. 4. The valley of the shadow of death. 55
Hos. 8. 7. For they have sown the wind, and they
shall reap the whirlwind. 50
Matt. i. 4. Man shall not live by bread alone. 46
Isa. 2. 4. They shall beat their swords into plow
shares. 44
Gen. 4. 9. Am I my brother's keeper? 40
Matt. 13. 57. A prophet is not without honor, save
in his own country. 37
Matt. 6. 24. No man can serve two masters. 36
Rom. 6. 23. The wages of sin is death. 36
Isa. 11. 6. A little child shall lead them. 34
Matt. 22. 21. Render therefore unto Caesar the
things which are Caesar's; and unto God the
things that are God's. 34

Psa. 8. 0. Thou hast made him a little lower than
the angels. 32
Prov. 16. 32. He that ruleth his spirit [is better]
than he that taketh a city. 32
Exod. 21, 24. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. 31
Psa. 90. 10. The days of our years are threescore
years and ten. 31
Eccl. 1. 9. There is no new thing under the sun. 31
Eccl. 11. 1. Cast thy bread upon the waters: for
thou shalt flnd it after many days. 31
Matt. 7. 20. By their fruits ye shall know them. 31
Matt. 21. 42. The stone which the builders rejected,
the same is become the head of the corner. 29
Exod. 3. 8. A land flowing with milk and honey. 28
Matt. 5. 13. Ye are the salt of the earth. 28
Judg. 5. 20. The stars in their courses fought
against Sisera. 27

SPECIAL PASSAGES 17
Jer. 13. 23. Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or
the leopard his spots? 27
Mark 3. 25. If a house be divided against itself,
that house cannot stand. 20
Isa. 40. 15. As a drop of a bucket. 25
1 Cor. 15. 32. Let us eat and drink; for to-morrow
we die. 25

Gen. 2. 18. I will make him an help meet for him.
Gen. 3. 12. The woman . . . gave me of the tree,
and I did eat.
Gen. 3. 19. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat
bread.
Gen. 4. 15. And the Lord set a mark upon Cain.
Gen. 6. 4. There were giants in the earth in those days.
Gen. 25. 34. Thus Esau despised his birthright.
Gen. 27. 22. The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands
are the hands of Esau.
Gen. 37. 3. A coat of many colors.
Exod. 1. 8. There arose up a new king . . . which
knew not Joseph.
Exod. 2. 22. A stranger in a strange land.
Deut. 10. 22. As the stars of heaven for multitude.
Deut. 24. 6. The nether or the upper millstone.
Deut. 32. 15. Jeshurun waxed fat and kicked.
Josh. 9. 27. Hewers of wood and drawers of water.
Judg. 5. 7. A mother in Israel.
Ruth 1. 16. Whither thou goest, I will go.
1 Sam. 4. 9. Quit yourselves like men.
1 Sam. 10. 11. Is Saul also among the prophets?
1 Sam. 10. 24. God save the king.
2 Sam. 1. 19. How are the mighty fallen !
2 Sam. 1. 20. Tell it not in Gath.
2 Sam. 12. 7. Thou art the man.
Job 1. 6. Satan came also among them.
Job 2. 4. Skin for skin, yea, all that a man hath will
he give for his life.

18 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Job 11. 7. Canst thou by searching find out God?
Job 19. 20. I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.
Psa. 17. 8. As the apple of the eye.
Psa. 37. 35. Spreading himself like a green bay tree.
Psa. 137. 5. Let my right hand forget her cunning.
Prov. 3. 12. Whom the Lord loveth he correcteth.
Prov. 6. 6. Go to the ant, thou sluggard ; consider her
ways, and be wise.
I'rov. 18. 24. There is a friend that sticketh closer
than a brother.
Prov. 22. 28. Remove not the ancient landmark, which
thy fathers have set.
Prov. 27 1. Thou knowest not what a day may bring
forth.
Eccl. 9. 10. Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it
with thy might.
Songs 2. 1. The rose of Sharon, and the lily of the
valleys.
Songs 2. 12. The voice of the turtle is heard in our
land.
Songs 2. 15. The little foxes, that spoil the vines.
Songs 5. 10. Chiefest among ten thousand.
Songs 6. 4. Terrible as an army with banners.
Isa. 11. 6. The wolf shall dwell with the lamb.
Isa. 14. 23. The besom of destruction.
Isa. 28. 15. A covenant with death, and with hell.
Isa. 35. 8. Wayfaring men, though fools, shall not err
therein.
Isa. 55. 1. Without money and without price.
Isa. 63. 3. I have trodden the winepress alone.
Ezek. 18. 2. The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and
the children's teeth are set on edge.
Mic. 4. 4. They shall sit every man under his vine and
under his fig tree.
Hab. 2. 2. He may run that readeth it.
Zech. 3. 2. A brand plucked out of the fire.
Zech. 4. 10. . Who hath despised the day of small things.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 19
Matt. 13. 46. Pearl of great price.
Matt. 16. 3. The signs of the times.
Matt. 20. 16. The last shall be first, and the first last.
Luke 14. 23. The highways and hedges.
John 1. 46. Can there any good thing come out of
Nazareth ?
Acts 16. 9. Come over into Macedonia, and help us.
Rom. 13. 1. Powers that be.
1 Cor. 9. 22. All things to all men.
2 Cor. 12. 7. A thorn in the flesh.
2 Tim. 4. 7. I have fought a good fight.

Gen. 1. 1. In the beginning God created the heaven and
the earth.
Gen. 1. 3. Let there be light.
Gen. 1. 26. Let us make mau in our image.
Gen. 1. 27. Male and female created he them.
Gen. 1. 31. And God saw everything that he had made,
and, behold, it was very good.
Gen. 2. 17. In the day that thou eatest thereof thou
shalt surely die.
Gen. 2. 23. Bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh.
Gen. 2. 24. Therefore shall a man leave his father and
his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife.
Gen. 3. 4. Ye shall not surely die.
Gen. 3. 19. Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou
return.
Gen. 4. 10. The voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto
me from the ground.
Gen. 5. 22. Enoch walked with God.
Gen. 6. 2. The sons of God saw the daughters of men
that they were fair.
Gen. 7. 11. The fountains of the great deep [were]
broken up.
Gen. 8. 22. While the earth remaineth, seedtime and
harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and win
ter, and day and night shall not cease.

20 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Gen. 9. 6. Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall
his blood be shed.
Gen. 13. 10. Even as the garden of the Lord.
Gen. 14. 23. From a thread even to a shoelatchet.
Gen. 15. 12. An horror of great darkness.
Gen. 15. 15. A good old age.
Gen. 16. 12. His hand will be against every man, and
every man's hand against him.
Gen. 16. 13. Thou God seest me.
Gen. 18. 23. Wilt thou . . . destroy the righteous
with the wicked?
Gen. 18. 27. I . . . am but dust and ashes.
Gen. 19. 14. He seemed as one that mocked.
Gen. 20. 11. The fear of God is not in this place.
Gen. 23. 15. What is that betwixt me and thee?
Gen. 26. 34-35. , . . Esau . . . took to wife
Judith . . . and Bashemath, . . . which
were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah.
Gen. 28. 12. Behold a ladder set up on the earth, and
the top of it reached to heaven.
Gen. 29. 14. Thou art my bone and my flesh.
Gen. 29. 20. They seemed unto him but a few days, for
the love he had to her.
Gen. 32. 10. With my staff I passed over this Jordan ;
and now I am become two bands.
Gen. 32. 28. As a prince hast thou power with God and
with men, and hast prevailed.
Gen. 37. 3. The son of his old age.
Gen. 37. 19. Behold, this dreamer cometh.
Gen. 39. 9. How . . . can I do this great wicked
ness?
Gen. 42. 38. Bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to
. the grave.
Gen. 43. 14. If I be bereaved of my children, I am be
reaved.
Gen. 49. 4. Unstable as water.
Gen. 49. 10. The scepter shall not depart from Judah.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 21
Exod. 1. 10. Let us deal wisely with them.
Exod. 1. 12. The more they afflicted them, the more
they multiplied.
Exod. 2, 14. Who made thee . . . a judge over us?
Exod. 2. 14. Surely this thing is known.
Exod. 3. 5. Put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the
place whereon thou staudest is holy ground.
Exod. 8. 19. This is the finger of God.
Exod. 10. 21. Darkness which may be felt.
Exod. 13. 21. By day in a pillar of cloud . . . and
by night in a pillar of fire.
Exod. 14. 11. There were no graves in Egypt.
Exod. 16. 3. When we sat by the flesh pots [of Egypt].
Exod. 20. 9. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy
work.
Exod. 20. 12. Honor thy father and thy mother.
Exod. 20. 13. Thou shalt not kill.
Exod. 22. 28. Thou shalt not . . . curse the ruler
of thy people.
Lev. 10. 1. Nadab and Abihu . . . offered strange
fire before the Lord.
Lev. 25. 10. Proclaim liberty throughout all the land
unto all the inhabitants thereof. (On Liberty Bell,
Philadelphia.)
Lev. 26. 8. Five of you shall chase an hundred.
Num. 6. 24, 25, 26. The Lord bless thee, and keep thee ;
the Lord make his face shine uppn thee, and be
gracious unto thee; the Lord lift up his coun
tenance upon thee, and give thee peace.
Num. 11. 4. Who shall give us flesh to eat?
Num. 11. 23.- Is the Lord's hand waxed short?
Num. 13. 33. We were in our own sight as grasshop
pers.
Num. 16. 7. Ye take too much upon you.
Num. 16. 48. He stood between the dead and the living.
Num. 20. 17. The king's highway.
Num. 23. 23. What hath God wrought!

22 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Num. 24. 17. There shall come a star out of Jacob.
Num. 27. 17. As sheep which have no shepherd.
Num. 34. 5. Fetch a compass.
Deut. 2. 27. Neither turn unto the right hand nor to
the left.
Deut. 6. 5. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all
thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy
might.
Deut. 12. 23. The blood is the life.
Deut. 13. 6. The wife of thy bosom.
Deut. 22. 5. The woman shall not wear that which per
taineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a
woman's garments.
Deut. 22. 10. Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an
ass together.
Deut. 24. 14. Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant.
Deut. 25. 4. Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he
treadeth out the corn.
Deut. 27. 17. Cursed be he that removeth his neigh
bor's landmark.
Deut. 28. 5. Blessed shall be thy basket and thy store;
Deut. 28. 23. Thy heaven . . . shall be brass.
Deut. 28. 67. In the morning thou shalt say. Would
God it were even!
Deut. 30. 15. I have set before thee . . . life . . . and
death.
Deut. 34. 7. His eye was not dim, nor his natural force
abated.
Josh. 1. 6. Be strong and of a good courage.
Josh. 4. 6. What mean ye by these stones?
Josh. 5. 6. A land that floweth with milk and honey.
Josh. 5. 15. Loose thy shoe from off thy foot; for the
place whereon thou staudest is holy.
Josh. 7. 15. He hath wrought folly in Israel.
Josh. 7. 21. A goodly Babylonish garment.
Josh. 23. 14. I am going the way of all the earth.
Josh. 24. 15. Choose you this day whom ye will serve.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 23
Judg. 2. 10. Gathered unto their fathers.
Judg. 7. 18. The sword of the Lord and of Gideon.
Judg. 8. 18. Each one resembled the children of a
king.
Judg. 12. 6. Say now Shibboleth: and he said Sibbo-
leth.
Judg. 15. 8. He smote them hip and thigh.
Judg. 16. 9. The Philistines be upon thee.
Judg. 16. 20. He wist not that the Lord was departed
from him.
Judg. 17. 6. Every man did that which was right in
his own eyes.
Ruth 1. 17. If aught but death part thee and me.
Ruth 2. 19. Where hast thou gleaned to-day ?
1 Sam. 3. 1. There was no open vision.
1 Sam. 3. 18. Let him do what seemeth him good.
1 Sam. 4. 21. The glory is departed from Israel.
1 Sam. 5. 6. The hand of the Lord was heavy upon
them.
1 Sam. 7. 12. Hitherto hath the Lord helped us.
1 Sam. 10. 6. Thou . . . shalt be turned into another
man.
1 Sam. 10. 22. He hath hid himself among the stuff.
1 Sam. 10. 27. Children of Belial.
1 Sam. 11. 13. The Lord hath wrought salvation in
Israel.
1 Sam. 12. 17. Is it not wheat harvest to-day ?
1 Sam. 14. 41. Give a perfect lot.
1 Sam. 15. 17. When thou wast little in thine own
sight.
1 Sam. 15. 22. To obey is better than sacrifice.
1 Sam. 15. 23. Rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft.
1 Sam. 15. 32. The bitterness of death is past.
1 Sam. 16. 14. An evil spirit from the Lord troubled
him.
1 Sam. 17. 7. The staff of his spear wag like a weaver'^
beam.

24 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
1 Sam. 17. 10. Give me a man, that we may fight to
gether.
1 Sam. 17. 43. Am I a dog?
1 Sam. 18. 1. The soul of Jonathan was knit with the
soul of David.
1 Sam. 18. 3. He loved him as his own soul.
1 Sam. 18. 7. Saul hath slain his thousands, and David
his ten thousands.
1 Sam. 18. 8. Wliat can he have more but the king
dom?
1 Sam. 18. 18. Who am I . . . that I should be son-in-
law to the king?
1 Sam. 20. 18. Thou shalt be missed because thy seat
will be empty.
1 Sam. 21. 3. What is under thine hand ?
1 Sam. 21. 8. The king's business required haste.
1 Sam. 28. 15. Why hast thou disquieted me?
2 Sam. 1. 16. Thy blood be upon thy head.
2 Sam. 1. 23. In . . . death they were not divided.
2 Sam. 2. 19. Turned not to the right hand nor to the
left.
2 Sam. 2. 30. Nineteen men and Asahel.
2 Sam. 3. 10. From Dan to Beer-sheba.
2 Sam. 3. 33. Died Abner as a fool dieth?
2 Sam. 3. 38. A prince and a great man [is] fallen
this day.
2 Sam. 10. 5. Until your beards be grown.
2 Sam. 12. 3. One little ewe lamb.
2 Sam. 12. 23. I shall go to him, but he shall not re
turn to me.
2 Sam. 14. 14. As water is spilt on the ground.
2 Sam. 15. 21. Whether in death or life, even there also
will thy servant be.
2 Sam. 17. 10. WTiose heart is as the heart of a lion.
2 Sam. 19. 12. Ye are my bones and my flesh.
2 Sam. 20. 1. Every man to his tents.
2 Sam. 22. 11. The wings of the wind.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 25
2 Sam. 22. 26. With the merciful thou wilt show thy
self merciful.
1 Kings 2. 2. I go the way of all the earth.
1 Kings 2. 10. David slept with his fathers.
1 Kings 3. 7. I am but a little child.
1 Kings 6. 7. There was neither hammer nor axe nor
any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was
in building.
1 Kings 10. 7. The half was not told me.
1 Kings 12. 8. He forsook the counsel of the old men.
1 Kings 12. 10. My little finger shall be thicker than
my father's loins.
1 Kings 13. 30. Alas, my brother !
1 Kings 18. 21. How long halt ye between two
opinions ?
1 Kings 18. 44. A . . . cloud out of the sea, like a
man's hand.
1 Kings 19. 12. A still small voice.
1 Kings 20. 11. Let not him that girdeth on his harness
boast himself as he that putteth it off.
1 Kings 22. 34. Drew a bow at a venture.
2 Kings 1. 9. The king hath said, Come down.
2 Kings 2. 10. Thou hast asked a hard thing.
2 Kings 4. 13. I dwell among mine own people.
2 Kings 4. 40. There is death in the pot.
2 Kings 5. 18. I bow myself in the house of Rimmon.
2 Kings 6. 5. Alas, ... it was borrowed.
2 Kings 6. 17. Open his eyes, that he may see.
2 Kings 6. 17. The mountain was full of horses and
chariots.
2 Kings 6. 32. Is not the sound of his master's feet be
hind him?
2 Kings 8. 13. Is thy servant a dog?
2 Kings 9. 20. Like the driving of Jehu.
2 Kings 9. 31. Had Zimri peace, who slew his master?
2 Kings 13. 14. The chariot of Israel, and the horse
men thereof.

26 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
2 Kings 14. 8. Let us look one another in the face.
2 Kings 21. 16. Shed innocent blood.
2 Kings 23. 18. Let no man move his bones.
1 Chron. 12. 33. They were not of double heart.
1 Chron. 16. 22. Touch not mine anointed.
1 Chron. 16. 29. Worship the Lord in the beauty of
holiness.
1 Chron. 20. 5. Whose spear staff was like a weaver's
beam.
1 Chron. 29. 15. We are . . . sojourners as were all
our fathers.
2 Chron. 10. 16. V^at portion have we in David ?
2 Chron. 18. 3. I am as thou art, and my people as thy
people.
2 Chron. 30. 5. From Beer-sheba even to Dan.
2 Chron. 30. 8. Be ye not stiff-necked.
Ezra 2. 69. They gave after their ability.
Ezra 9. 7. Confusion of face.
Neh. 2. 19. They laughed us to scom.
Neh. 4. 3. If a fox go up, he shall even break down
their stone wall.
Esth. 1. 8. The drinking was according to the law.
Esth. 1. 13. The wise men, which knew the times.
Esth. 1. 22. Every man should bear rule in his own
house.
Esth. 4. 16. If I perish, I perish.
Esth. 5. 13. All this availeth me nothing.
Esth. 6. 6. What shall be done unto the man whom the
king delighteth to honor?
Esth. 7. 10. They hanged Haman on the gallows that
he had prepared for Mordecai.
Job 1. 21. The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken
away; blessed be the name of the Lord.
Job 2. 2. Going to and fro in the earth.
Job 2. 9. Curse God, and die.
Job 2. 10. Shall we receive good at the hand of God,
and shall we not receive evil?

SPECIAL PASSAGES 27
Job 3. 17. There the wicked cease from troubling ; and
there the weary be at rest.
Job. 4. 7. Who ever perished, being innocent?
Job 4. 17. Shall mortal man be more just than God ?
Job 5. 7. Man is born unto tropble, as the sparks fly
upward.
Job 5. 13. He taketh the wise in their own craftiness.
Job 6. 6. Can that which is unsavory be eaten with
out salt?
Job 7. 6. Swifter than a weaver's shuttle.
Job 7. 17. What is man, that thou shouldest magnify
him?
Job 8. 9. Our days upon earth are a shadow.
Job 9. 33. Neither is there any daysman betwixt us,
that might lay his hand upon us both.
Job 10. 1. My soul is weary of my life.
Job 12. 2. No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom
shall die with you.
Job 12. 21. He poureth contempt upon princes.
Job 13. 15. Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him.
Job 14. 1. Man that is born of a woman is of few days,
and full of trouble.
Job 14. 2. He cometh forth like a flower, and is cut
down.
Job 14. 10. Man giveth up the ghost, and where is he?
Job 14. 14. If a man die, shall he live again ?
Job 15. 2. Should a wise man ... fill his belly with
the east wind?
Job 15. 7. Art thou the first man that was born?
Job 15. 11. Are the consolations of God small with
thee?
Job 16. 2. Miserable comforters are ye all.
Job 18. 5. The light of the wicked shall be put out.
Job 18. 14. The king of terrors.
Job 19. 23. Oh that my words . . . were printed in
a book!
Job 19. 25. I know that my redeemer liveth.

28 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Job 21. 33. The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto
him.
Job 22. 24. Then shalt thou lay up gold as dust.
Job 23. 3. Oh that I knew where I might find him !
Job 24. 18. Swift as the waters.
Job 28. 7. There is a path which no fowl knoweth.
Job 28. 12. Where shall wisdom be found?
Job 28. 28. The fear of the Lord, that is wisdom.
Job 30. 1. They that are younger than I have me in
derision.
Job 31. 40. Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and
cockle instead of barley.
Job 32. 9. Great men are not always wise.
Job 34. 19. That accepteth not the persons of princes.
Job 38. 4. Where wast thou when I laid the founda
tions of the earth?
Job 38. 7. The morning stars sang together.
Job 38. 7. All the sons of God shouted for joy.
Job 38. 11. Here shall thy proud waves be stayed.
Job 38. 31. Canst thou bind the sweet influences of
Pleiades or loose the bands of Orion?
Job 39. 25. He smelleth the battle afar off.
Job 41. 15. His scales are his pride.
Psa. 1. 3. He shall be like a tree planted by the rivers
of water.
Psa. 1. #. Like the chaff which the wind driveth away.
Psa. 2. 1. Why do the heathen rage?
Psa. 2. 4. He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh.
Psa. 2. 9. Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron.
Psa. 4. 6. Who will show us any good?
Psa. 4. 8. I will both lay me down in peace, and sleep.
Psa. 7. 15. He is fallen into the ditch which he made.
Psa. 8. 2. Out of the mouth of babes.
Psa. 8. 4. What is man, that thou art mindful of him?
Psa. 11. 1. Flee as a bird to your mountain.
Psa. 14. 1. The fool hath said in his heart, There is
no God.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 29
Psa. 15. 3. Taketh up a reproach against his neigh
bor.
Psa. 16. 6. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant
places.
Psa. 19. 1. The heavens declare the glory of God.
Psa. 19. 2. Day unto day uttereth speech.
Psa. 19., 7. The law of the Lord is perfect.
Psa. 22. 6. I am a worm, and no man.
Psa. 22. 14. I am poured out like water.
Psa. 24. 1. The earth is the Lord's, and the fullness
thereof.
Psa. 24. 4. He that hath clean hands.
Psa. 26. 6. I will wash mine hands in innocency.
Psa. 30. 5. Weeping may endure for a night, but joy
cometh in the morning.
Psa. 31. 12. Forgotten as a dead man out of mind.
Psa. 31. 15. My times are in thy hand.
Psa. 31. 20. The strife of tongues.
Psa. 32. 9. Be ye not as the horse, or as the mule,
which have no understanding.
Psa. 33. 9. He spake, and it was done.
Psa. 33. 16. There is no king saved by the multitude
of an host.
Psa. 33. 17. An horse is a vain thing for safety.
Psa. 37. 1. Fret not thyself because of evildoers.
Psa. 37. 11. The meek shall inherit the earth.
Psa. 37. 16. A little that a righteous man hath is bet
ter than the riches of many wicked.
Psa. 37. 21. The wicked borroweth, and payeth not
again.
Psa. 37. 25. I have been young, and now am old ; yet
have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed
begging bread.
Psa. 37. 37. Mark the perfect man.
Psa. 39. 3. While I was musing the fire burned.
Psa. 39. 6. He heapeth up riches, and knoweth not who
shall gather them.

30 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Psa. 41. 9. Mine own familiar friend, . . . hath lifted
up his heel against me.
Psa. 42. 3. My tears have been my meat.
Psa. 44. 22. We are counted as sheep for the slaughter.
Psa. 48. 2. Beautiful for situation ... is Mount Zion.
Psa. 50. 10. The cattle upon a thousand hills.
Psa. 55. 6. Oh that I had wings like a dove ! .
Psa. 68. 6. God setteth the solitary in families.
Psa. 72. 6. He shall come down like rain upon the
mown grass.
Psa. 73. 4. There are no bands in their death.
Psa. 73. 20. As a dream when one awaketh.
Psa. 75. 6. Promotion cometh neither from the east,
nor from the west, nor from the south.
Psa. 76. 10. The wrath of man shall praise thee.
Psa. 77. 5. I have considered the days of old.
Psa. 78. 25. Man did eat angels' food.
Psa. 84. 7. From strength to strength.
Psa. 85. 11. Truth shall spring out of the earth.
Psa. 86. 17. Show me a token for good.
Psa. 87. 5. Of Zion it shall be said, This . . . man was
born in her.
Psa. 89. 48. What man is he that liveth, and shall not
see death?
Psa. 90. 2. Before the mountains were brought forth.
Psa. 90. 4. A thousand years in thy sight are but as
yesterday when it is past.
Psa. 90. 5. They are as a sleep.
Psa. 90. 6. In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth
up; in the evening it is cut down, and withereth.
Psa. 90. 9. We spend our years as a tale that is told.
Psa. 91. 12. They shall bear thee up in their hands,
lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.
Psa. 93. 4. The noise of many waters.
Psa. 94. 9. He that planted the ear, shall he not hear?
Psa. 97. 2. Clouds and darkness are round about him.
Psa. 98. 7. Let the sea roar, and the fullness thereof.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 31
Psa. 98. 8. Let the floods clap their hands.
Psa. 102. 6. I am like an owl of the desert.
Psa. 102. 9. I have eaten ashes like bread.
Psa. 102. 26. All of them shall wax old like a garment.
Psa. 103. 15. As for man, his days are as grass.
Psa. 103. 16. The wind passeth over it, and it is gone ;
and the place thereof shall know it no more.
Psa. 104. 2. Who stretchest out the heavens like a cur
tain.
Psa. 104. 4. Who maketh his angels spirits.
Psa. 104. 19. He appointed the moon for seasons.
Psa. 104. 23. Man goeth forth unto ... his labor
until the evening.
Psa. 104. 27. That thou mayest give them their meat
in due season.
Psa. 107. 23. They that go down to the sea in ships.
Psa. 107. 27. They reel to and fro, and stagger like a
drunken man.
Psa. 107. 27. At their wit's end.
Psa. 109. 23. Like the shadow when it declineth.
Psa. 111. 10. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of
wisdom.
Psa. 115. 5. Eyes have they, but they see not.
Psa. 116. 11. I said in my haste. All men are liars.
Psa. 118. 22. The stone which the builders refused is
become the head stone of the corner.
Psa. 119. 70. Their heart is as fat as grease.
Psa. 119. 99. I have more understanding than all my
teachers.
Psa. 120. 7. I am for peace : but when I speak, they are
for war.
Psa. 121. 4. He that keepeth Israel shall neither slum
ber nor sleep.
Psa. 122. 3. Jerusalem is builded as a city that is
compact together.
Psa. 125. 2. As the mountains are round about Jeru
salem.

32 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Psa. 126. 5. They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.
Psa. 133. 1. Behold, how good and how pleasant it is
for brethren to dwell together in unity !
Psa. 137. 2. We hanged our harps upon the willows.
Psa. 137. 4. How shall we sing the Lord's song in a
strange land?
Psa. 139. 9. If I take the wings of the morning.
Psa. 139. 14. I am fearfully and wonderfully made.
Psa. 143. 5. I remember the days of old.
Psa. 144. 15. Happy is that people that is in such a
case.
Psa. 147. 4. He telleth the number of the stars.
Psa. 150. 6. Let everything that hath breath praise
the Lord.
Prov. 1. 7. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of
knowledge.
Prov. 1. 10. If sinners entice thee, consent thou not.
Prov. 1. 14. Let us all have one purse.
Prov. 1. 17. In vain the net is spread in the sight of
any bird.
Prov. 3. 3. Write them upon the table of thine heart.
Prov. 3. 5. Lean not unto thine own understanding.
Prov. 3. 7. Be not wise in thine own eyes.
Prov. 3. 17. Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and
all her paths are peace.
Prov. 3. 35. Shame shall be the promotion of fools.
Prov. 4. 7. Wisdom is the principal thing.
Prov. 4. 18. The path of the just is as the shining light.
Prov. 4. 23. Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out
of it are the issues of life.
Prov. 5. 5. Her steps take hold on hell.
Prov. 6. 27. Can a man take fire in his bosom, and his
clothes not be burned?
Prov. 8. 11. Wisdom is better than rubies.
Prov. 9. 10. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of
wisdom.
Prov. 9. 17. Stolen waters are sweet.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 33
Prov. 10. 1. A wise son maketh a glad father.
Prov. 10. 4. He becometh poor that dealeth with a
slack hand.
Prov. 11. 1. A false balance is abomination to the Lord.
Prov. 11. 13. A talebearer revealeth secrets.
Prov. 11. 22. As a jewel of gold in a swine's snout, so
is a fair woman which is without discretion.
Prov. 11. 24. There is that scattereth, and yet increas-
eth.
Prov. 12. 10. A righteous man regardeth the life of
his beast.
Prov. 13. 12. Hope deferred maketh the heart sick.
Prov. 14. 10. The heart knoweth his own bitterness.
Prov. 14. 31. He that oppresseth the poor reproacheth
his Maker.
Prov. 14. 34. Righteousness exalteth a nation.
Prov. 15. 1. A soft answer turneth away wrath.
Prov. 15. 3. The eyes of the Lord are in every place.
Prov. 15. 13. A merry heart maketh a cheerful coun
tenance.
Prov. 15. 17. Better is a dinner of herbs where love is,
than a stalled ox and hatred therewith.
Prov. 16. 18. Pride goeth before destruction.
Prov. 16. 28. A whisperer separateth chief friends.
Prov. 16. 31. The hoary head is a crown of glory.
Prov. 16. 33. The lot is cast into the lap.
Prov. 17. 28. Even a fool, when he holdeth his peace,
is counted wise.
Prov. 18. 22. Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good
thing.
Prov. 20. 1. Wine is a mocker.
Prov. 20. 29. The beaii^ of old meirls the gray .head.
Prov. 21. 9. It is better toxjjvfeji M a corner of the
housetop, than with a pawling woman in a wide
house. ((.'-•; ¦ ' " "'I'
Prov. 22. 1. A good namql, is rather to be chosen t^n
great riches.

34 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Prov. 22. 2. The rich and poor meet together ; the Lord
is the maker of them all.
Prov. 22. 6. Train up a child in the way he should go :
and when he is old, he will not depart from it.
Prov. 22. 13. There is a lion without.
Prov. 23. 7. As he thinketh in his heart so is he.
Prov. 23. 34. As he that lieth upon the top of a mast.
Prov. 24. 33. A little sleep, a little slumber, a little
folding of the hands to sleep.
Prov. 25. 11. Apples of gold in pictures of silver.
Prov. 25. 19. Confidence in an unfaithful man in time
of trouble is like a broken tooth, and a foot out of
joint.
Prov. 25. 22. Thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his
head.
Prov. 26. 4. Answer not a fool according to his folly.
Prov. 26. 12. Seest thou a man wise in his own con
ceit? there is more hope of a fool than of him.
Prov. 26. 13. There is a lion in the way.
Prov. 26. 16. Wiser in his own conceit than seven men
that can render a reason.
Prov. 26. 17. Like one that taketh a dog by the ears.
Prov. 26. 27. Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein.
Prov. 27. 2. Let another man praise thee.
Prov. 27. 5. Open rebuke is better than secret love.
Prov. 27. 6. Faithful are the wounds of a friend.
Prov. 27. 12. A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and
hideth himself.
Prov. 27. 17. Iron sharpeneth iron.
Prov. 27. 22. Bray a fool in a mortar.
Prov. 29. 5. A man that flattereth his neighbor spread
eth a net for his feet.
Prov. 29. 18. Where there is no vision, the people
perish.
Prov. 30. 8. Give me neither poverty nor riches.
Prov. 30. 28. The spider taketh hold with her hands,
and is in kings' palaces.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 35
Prov. 31. 10. Who can find a virtuous woman?
Prov. 31. 28. Her children arise up, and call her
blessed.
Eccl. 1. 2. Vanity of vanities; ... all is vanity.
Eccl. 1. 15. That which is crooked cannot be made
straight.
Eccl. 2. 16. How dieth the wise man? as the fool.
Eccl. 2. 24. There is nothing better for a man, than
that he should eat and drink, and . . . make his
soul enjoy good in his labor.
Eccl. 3. 1. There is ... a time to every purpose under
the heaven.
Eccl. 3. 11. He hath made everything beautiful in his
time.
Eccl. 3. 19. For that which befalleth the sons of men
befalleth beasts
Eccl. 4. 9. Two are better than one.
Eccl. 4. 13. Better is a poor and a wise child than an
old and foolish king.
Eccl. 7. 6. The crackling of thorns under a pot.
Eccl. 8. 8., There is no discharge in that war.
Eccl. 8. 11. Because sentence against an evil work is
not executed speedily, therefore the heart of the
sons of men is fully set in them to do evil.
Eccl. 9. 10. There is no work, nor device, nor knowl
edge, nor wisdom in the grave, whither thou goest.
Eccl. 10. 1. Dead flies cause the ointment of the apothe
cary to send forth a stinking savor.
Eccl. 10. 16. Woe to thee, O land, when thy king is a
child.
Eccl. 11. 4. He that observeth the wind shall not sow.
Eccl. 12. 3. Those that look out of the window [shall]
be darkened.
Eccl. 12. 5. They shall be afraid of that which is high.
Eccl. 12. 6. Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the
golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at
the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern.

Isa.

1.

8.

Isa.

1.

18.

Isa.

2.

22.

Isa.

3.

15,

Isa.

4.

1.

Isa.

5.

8.

36 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Eccl. 12. 12. Of making many books there is no end.
Songs 1. 5. I am black, but comely.
Songs 1. 5. The tents of Kedar.
Songs 2. 5. I am sick of love.
Songs 2. 12. The time of the singing of birds is come.
Songs 2. 12. The voice of the turtle is heard in our
land.
Songs 8. 6. Cruel as the grave.
Songs 8. 7. Many waters cannot quench love.
Isa. 1. 3. The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his
master's crib.
A lodge in a garden of cucumbers.
. Let us reason together.
. Man, whose breath is in his nostrils.
. Grind the faces of the poor.
Seven women shall take hold of one man.
Woe unto them that join house to house, that
lay field to field !
Isa. 5. 20. Woe unto them that call evil good.
Isa. 5. 23. Justify the wicked for reward.
Isa. 8. 14. A stone of stumbling and ... a rock of
offense.
Isa. 8. 19. Wizards that peep, and that mutter.
Isa. 9. 15. The ancient and honorable.
Isa. 10. 2. Rob the fatherless.
Isa. 21. 12. The watchman said, The morning cometh.
Isa. 22. 1. The valley of vision.
Isa. 23. 8. Whose merchants are princes.
Isa. 25. 6. A feast of . . . fat things.
Isa. 26. 5. The lofty city, he layeth it low.
Isa. 28. 13. Precept upon precept, . . . line upon line.
Isa. 30. 20. The bread of adversity.
Isa. 31. 3. The Egyptians are men, and not God.
Isa. 32. 2. The shadow of a great rock in a weary
land.
Isa. 32. 20. Sow beside all waters.
Isa. 34. 5. My sword shall be bathed in heaven.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 37
Isa. 35. 1. The wilderness and the solitary place shall
be glad.
Isa. 35. 1. The desert shall . . . blossom as the rose.
Isa. 35. 3. Strengthen . . . the weak hands.
Isa. 35. 5. The eyes of the blind shall be opened.
Isa. 36. 16. Eat . . . every one of his vine, and . . .
his fig tree.
Isa. 37. 3. This is a day of trouble.
Isa. 38. 15. I shall go softly all my years.
Isa. 38. 18. The grave cannot praise thee.
Isa. 39. 4. VSThat have they seen in thine house?
Isa. 40. 3. The voice of him that crieth in the wilder
ness.
Isa. 40. 4. The crooked shall be made straight.
Isa. 40. 6. All flesh is grass.
Isa. 40. 12. Who hath measured the waters in the hol
low of his hand?
Isa. 40. 31. Mount up with wings as eagles.
Isa. 42. 3. A bruised reed shall he not break.
Isa. 44. 13. According to the beauty of a man.
Isa. 45. 9. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it.
What makest thou?
Isa. 48. 4. Thy neck is an iron sinew.
Isa. 49. 15. Can a woman forget her . . . child?
Isa. 50. 4. The tongue of the learned.
Isa. 50. 9. They all shall wax old as a garment.
Isa. 51. 11. Sorrow and mourning shall flee away.
Isa. 52. 7. How beautiful upon the mountains are the
feet of him that bringeth good tidings!
Isa. 53. 2. He hath no form nor comeliness.
Isa. 53. 3. A man of sorrows.
Isa. 53. 6. All we like sheep have gone astray.
Isa. 55. 2. Wherefore do ye spend money for that which
is not bread?
Isa. 55. 11. It shall not return unto me void.
Isa. 55. 13. Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir
tree.

38 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Isa. 60. 22. A little one shall become a thousand.
Isa. 61. 3. Beauty for ashes.
Isa. 64. 6. We all do fade as a leaf.
Isa. 64. 8. We are the clay, and thou our potter.
Isa. 65. 5. I am holier than thou.
Isa. 65. 25. The wolf and the lamb shall feed together.
Isa. 66. 13. As one whom his mother comforteth.
Jer. 2. 36. Why gaddest thou about so much?
Jer. 6. 14. Peace., peace; when there is no peace.
Jer. 8. 22. Is there no balm in Gilead ?
Jer. 9. 1. Oh that my head were waters, and mine eyes
a fountain of tears !
Jer. 17. 1. Written with a pen of iron, and with the
point of a diamond.
Jer. 20. 14. Cursed be the day wherein I was born.
Jer. 31. 15. Rachel weeping for her children refused to
be comforted, because they were not.
Lam. 1. 1. How doth the city sit solitary, that was full
of people !
Ezek. 1. 24. Like the noise of great waters.
Ezek. 12. 22. The days are prolonged, and every vision
faileth.
Ezek. 16. 44. As is the mother, so is her daughter.
Dan. 2. 34. A stone was cut out without hands.
Dan. 3. 25. The form ... is like the son of God.
Dan. 5. 27. Weighed in the balances and art found
wanting.
Dan. 7. 13. Ancient of days.
Dan. 9. 8. To us . . . confusion of face.
Dan. 12. 3. They that be wise shall shine as the bright
ness of the firmament.
Hos. 4. 9. Like people, like priest.
Hos. 4. 17. Ephraim is joined to idols : let him alone.
Hos. 5. 10. I will pour out my wrath . . . like water.
Hos. 6. 10. I have seen an horrible thing in the house
of Israel.
Hos. 10. 1. Israel is an empty vine.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 39
Hos. 10. 8. They shall say to the mountains, Cover us ;
and to the hills. Fall on us.
Hos. 10. 12. Break up your fallow ground.
Hos. 11. 4. I drew them with cords of a man.
Hos. 12. 1. Ephraim feedeth on wind.
Hos. 13. 2. Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves.
Hos. 13. 3. As the chaff that is driven with the whirl
wind.
Joel 1. 4. That which the palmerworm hath left hath
the locust eaten; and that which the locust hath
left hath the cankerworm eaten; and that which
the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpillar
eaten.
Joel 1. 8. Like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the
husband of her youth.
Joel 2. 13. Rend your heart, and not your garments.
Joel 2. 28. Your young men shall see visions.
Joel 3. 10. Beat your plowshares into swords, and your
pruninghooks into spears.
Joel 3. 14. Multitudes in the valley of decision.
Amos 3. 3. Can two walk together, except they be
agreed ?
Amos 7. 14. I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet's
son.
Jonah 2. 3. All thy billows and thy waves passed over
me.
Hab. 2. 20. The Lord is in his holy temple : let all the
earth keep silence before him.
Zech. 1. 5. Your fathers, where are they?
Zech. 3. 2. A brand plucked out of the fire.
Zech. 4. 6. Not by might nor by power, but by my
spirit, saith the Lord of hosts.
Zech. 9. 12. Prisoners of hope.
Zech. 13. 6. I was wounded in the house of my
friends.
Mal. 1. 6. If I be master, where is my fear?
Mal. 2. 10. Have we not all one father?

40 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Mal. 3. 2. He is like a refiner's fire, and like fullers'
soap.
Mal. 3. 8. Will a man rob God?
Matt. 5. 38. An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.
Matt. 6. 25. Is not the life more than meat, and the
body than raiment?
Matt. 6. 27. Which of you by taking thought can add
one cubit unto his stature?
Matt. 6. 34. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.
Matt. 7. 3. The mote that is in thy brother's eye.
Matt. 7. 6. Pearls before swine.
Matt. 7. 16. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of
thistles?
Matt. 8. 22. Let the dead bury their dead.
Matt. 9. 12. They that be whole need not a physician,
but they that are sick.
Matt. 9. 17. Neither do men put new wine into old
bottles.
Matt. 9. 24. They laughed him to scorn.
Matt. 10. 31. Ye are of more value than many spar
rows.
Matt. 11. 19. Wisdom is justified of her children.
Matt. 13. 46. Pearl of great price.
Matt. 15. 14. If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall
into the ditch.
Matt. 16. 3. The signs of the times.
Matt. 19. 6. What therefore God hath joined together,
let not man put asunder.
Matt. 19. 24. It is easier for a camel to go through the
eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into
the kingdom of God.
Matt. 20. 12. The burden and heat of the day.
. Many be called, but few chosen.
Strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.
Wars and rumors of wars.
The end is not yet.
To what purpose is this waste?

Matt.

20.

16,

Matt.

23.

24.

Matt.

24.

6.

Matt.

24.

6.

Matt.

26.

8.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 41
Mark 1. 7. The latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy
to stoop down and unloose.
Mark 1. 22. He taught them as one that had authority.
Mark 4. 9. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Mark 9. 40. He that is not against us is on our part.
Mark 9. 50. If the salt have lost his saltness, where
with will ye season it?
Mark 13. 14. Abomination of desolation.
Luke 1. 28. Blessed art thou among women.
Luke 2. 29. Now lettest thou thy servant depart in
peace.
Luke 4. 8. Get thee behind me, Satan.
Luke 6. 27. Love your enemies.
Luke 8. 35. Clothed, and in his right mind.
Luke 9. 24. Whosoever will save his life shall lose it.
Luke 9. 25. What is a man advantaged, if he gain the
whole world, and lose himself ?
Luke 10. 7. The laborer is worthy of his hire.
Luke 10. 29. Who is my neighbor?
Luke 14. 11. Whosoever exalteth himself shall be
abased; and he that humbleth himself shall be
exalted.
Luke 14. 18. They all with one consent began to make
excuse.
Luke 15. 16. He would fain have filled his belly with
the husks that the swine did eat.
Luke 16. 8. The children of light.
Luke 16. 9. Make to yourselves friends of the mammon
of unrighteousness.
Luke 16. 19. Clothed in purple and fine linen.
Luke 16. 31. Neither will they be persuaded, though
one rose from the dead.
Luke 17. 17. Where are the nine?
Luke 17. 35. The one shall be taken, and the other left.
John 1. 23. The voice of one crying in the wilderness.
John 2. 10. Thou hast kept the good wine until now.
John 3. 7, Ye must be born again.

42 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
John 3. 8. The wind bloweth where it listeth.
John 4. 32. I have meat to eat that ye know not of.
John 8.' 32. Ye shall know the truth, and the truth
shall make you free.
John 12. 8. The poor always ye have with you.
John 15. 13. Greater love hath no man than this, that
a man lay down his life for his friends.
John 15. 20. The servant is not greater than his lord.
John 19. 5. Behold the man!
Acts 8. 6. Silver and gold have I none.
Acts 8. 20. Thy money perish with thee.
Acts 9. 5. It is hard for thee to kick against the
pricks.
Acts 10. 34. God is no respecter of persons.
Acts 13. 51. They shook off the dust of their feet.
Acts 17. 26. [He] hath made of one blood all nations
of men.
Acts 17. 28. In him we live, and move, and have our
being.
Acts 20. 24. None of these things move me.
Acts 23. 5. Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of
thy people.
Acts 25. 11. I appeal unto Caesar.
Acts 26. 26. This thing was not done in a comer.
Rom. 2. 11. There is no respect of persons with God.
Rom. 2. 28. He is not a Jew, which is one outwardly.
Rom. 6. 19. I speak after the manner of men.
Rom. 7. 21. When I would do good, evil is present with
me.
Rom. 10. 12. There is no difference between the Jew
and the Greek.
Rom. 11. 13. I magnify mine office.
Rom. 12. 16. Be not wise in your own conceits.
Rom. 13. 1. Let every soul be subject unto the higher
powers.
Rom. 13. 1. The powers that be.
Rom. 13. 8. Owe no man anything.

SPECIAL PASSAGES 43
1 Cor. 3. 2. I have fed you with milk, and not with
meat.
1 Cor. 6. 19. Your body is the temple of the Holy
Ghost.
1 Cor. 7. 31. The fashion of this world.
1 Cor. 9. 22. All things to all men.
1 Cor. 10. 12. Let him that thinketh he standeth take
heed lest he fall.
1 Cor. 12. 31. Covet earnestly the best gifts.
1 Cor. 13. 12. Through a glass, darkly.
1 Cor. 13. 13. The greatest of these is charity.
1 Cor. 14. 8. If the trumpet give an uncertain sound.
1 Cor. 14. 40. Let all things be done decently and in
order.
1 Cor. 15. 29. What shall they do which are baptized
for the dead?
1 Cor. 15. 52. In the twinkling of an eye.
1 Cor. 15. 55. O death, where is thy sting?
1 Cor. 16. 13. Quit you like men.
2 Cor. 11. 14. Satan himself is transformed into an
angel of light.
2 Cor. 12. 7. A thorn in the flesh.
Gal. 1. 16. I conferred not with flesh and blood.
Gal. .5. 14. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.
Gal. 6. 7. Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also
reap.
Phil. 3. 14. I press toward the mark.
Phil. 3. 19. Whose God is their belly.
Phil. 4. 5. Let your moderation be known unto all
men.
Phil. 4. 7. The peace of God, which passeth all under
standing.
1 Thess. 1. 3. Labor of love.
2 Thess. 3. 13. Be not weary in well doing.
1 Tim. 5. 18. The laborer is worthy of his reward.
1 Tim. 6. 8. Having food and raiment, let us be there
with content.

44 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
2 Tim. 4. 3. Teachers, having itching ears.
Heb. 7. 16. The power of an endless life.
Heb. 10. 38. The just shall live by faith.
Heb. 12. 1. A cloud of witnesses.
Heb. 12. 6. Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth.
1 John 2. 16. The pride of life.
Rev. 3. 15. I would thou wert cold or hot.
Rev. 13. 16. A mark [of the beast] in . . . their
foreheads.
Rev. 14. 2. The voice of many waters.
Rev. 21. 1. A new heaven and a new earth.
Rev. 22. 13. I am Alpha and Omega.

CHAPTER II
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PERIOD OF THE
BIBLE
The scenes of many of the narratives in the Old
Testament considerably antedated the time in which
they were written. Perhaps the scenes in the book of
Job carry us back the furthest into antiquity. Some of
the Genesis stories are also very early. The real his
tory of the Israelites may be said to have begun about
B. C. 1250 — the time of the Exodus from Egypt. Under
the leadership of Moses and Joshua the Hebrews en
joyed a unique form of government. The real King
was Jehovah and to him appeal was constantly made
by their leaders. Under Joshua the conquest of
Canaan was effected and the conquered portion was
divided among the twelve tribes. After the death of
Joshua a period of internal dissension followed lasting
about two hundred years. It was a time when "There
was no king in Israel : every man did that which was
right in his own eyes." A long line of national heroes
known as Judges included such names as Shamgar,
Gideon, Jephthah, Samson, and Deborah. The last of
the Judges was Samuel who was a prophet or seer as
well as a judge. Near the close of Samuel's leadership
the people clamored for a king and Saul, of the tribe
of Benjamin, was chosen. His reign was successful
from a military point of view, but it closed with a
period of depression due to his intermittent fits of in
sanity. Saul was succeeded by David, of the tribe of Judah,
whose long reign was a constant struggle against in
ternal dissensions and foreign aggression. During his
45

46 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
reign and that of Solomon, who succeeded him, litera
ture and art were developed to a high degree. Solo
mon maintained a court characterized by Oriental
splendor. Upon his death, B. C. 975, ten tribes revolted
and the kingdom was divided into two rival sections.
The northern section, including the ten tribes, chose
Samaria as its capital and was known as the kingdom
of Israel. The two tribes of Judah and Benjamin re
tained Jerusalem as their capital.
The northern kingdom maintained its political ex
istence for two hundred and fifty years. It was char
acterized by internal dissensions and the development
of considerable political corruption. Occasionally
there appeared a king who strove to restore the earlier
conditions, but for the most part the rulers were not
men of much moral purpose or strength of character.
The prophets Elijah and Elisha went about as preach
ers of righteousness in the northern kingdom, and
Amos and Hosea have left their prophetic messages in
book form. Israel was captured by Sargon, King of
Nineveh, about B. C. 721, and the ten tribes seem to
have become quite lost to history. There is at present,
however, a religious organization which claims to be
the descendants of these lost tribes, and which still
maintains a form of worship which is supposed to go
back to these times.
The kingdom of Judah lasted until B. C. 588, or
about one hundred and thirty years longer than the
northern kingdom. This kingdom was a little more
fortunate in the character of its rulers, although there
were many who were most corrupt.
Isaiah and Micah were prominent among the prophets
of Judah. Under King Zedekiah the kingdom was sub
dued and the people carried as captives to Babylon.
When Babylon was overcome by Cyrus, king of Persia,
the Jews were permitted to return to Jerusalem and
restored the temple. This privilege of maintaining

BIBLE HISTORY 47
their own religious rites at their old capital was con
tinued until about A. D. 70, when the city was laid
waste by the Romans and a vast number of its in
habitants slain.
During the time of Christ and his early disciples
Judah was a province of the Roman empire. The patri
otic spirit blazed out at intervals during their sub
jection and reached its height under the Maccabees,
about two centuries before Christ. The constant fear
of outbreaks in this province had doubtless much to
do with the attitude of the Roman authorities toward
the message of Jesus and his disciples.

CHAPTER III
THE OLD TESTAMENT NARRATIVES
For convenience the books of the Bible may be classi
fied as follows : The Old Testament
The Narratives
Genesis
ExodusLeviticus Numbers
DeuteronomyJoshuaJudges Samuel
Kings ChroniclesEzra
Nehemiah
The Major Classics
JobPsalmsProverbs
The Minor Classics
RuthEstherEcclesiastesThe Song of Solomon
Lamentations
The Major Prophets
Isaiah
JeremiahEzekiel
Daniel*

* The book of Daniel is apocalyptic aa well aa prophetic.
48

THE OLD TESTAMENT NARRATIVES 49
The Minor Prophets
Hosea Joel
AmosObadiah JonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariah Malachi

The New Testament

The Narratives
Matthew MarkLukeJohnThe Acts
The Epistles
Romans Corinthian*Galatians
EphesiansPhilippians ColossiansThessalonians TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJamesPeterJohn Jude

50 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
The Apocalypse* Revelation
Unless it has been shown by proper tests that the
students are reasonably familiar with the narratives
here listed, a daily assignment should be made cover
ing the topics in the various books. In connection
with this study the special passages tabulated in Chap
ter 2 should be used. Genesis
1. The creation story with sequence of days. 1
2. The second creation story. 2
3. The temptation and fall. 3
4. The murder of Abel. 4
5. The Flood. 6-9
6. The building of Babel. 11
7. Disagreement of Abraham and Lot. 13
8. Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. 19
9. The casting out of Hagar and Ishmael. 21
10. Abraham's temptation to sacrifice Isaac. 22
11. Isaac's courtship of Rebekah. 24
12. The selling of Esau's birthright. 25
13. The blessing of Jacob through deception. 27
14. Jacob's courtship of Rachel. 29
15. Jacob's trickery with Laban. 30
16. Jacob's wrestling with the angel. 32
17. Joseph's dreams and sale into Egypt. 37
18. Joseph's advances in Egypt ; his imprisonment. 39
19. Joseph's interpretation of dreams and restora
tion to court favor. 40-41
20. Jacob's sons sent into Egypt to buy bread ; the
meeting with Joseph. 42
21. Further relations between Joseph and his
father and brothers. 43-45
22. The coming of Jacob's family into Egypt; the
death of Jacob. ' 46-50
* This would be the New Testament Apocalypse.

THE OLD TESTAMENT NARRATIVES 51
EXODDS
1. Multiplication of the Israelites, and Pharaoh's
efforts to stop it. 1
2. Birth of Moses and his early life. 2
3. Moses called by God and sent with a message to
Israel. 3
4. Moses' excuses and final consent to go to the
Israelites. 4
5. Pharaoh increases the Israelites' burdens. 5
6. Moses and Aaron begin the plagues upon
Egypt. 7
7. Further plagues; vacillation of Pharaoh. 8-11
8. The plagues culminate and the Israelites are
driven out. 12
9. Journey of the Israelites accompanied by a pil
lar of cloud and a pillar of fire. 13
10. The Israelites pass through the Red Sea, and
the pursuing Egyptians are drowned.
11. The song of Moses and Miriam. 15
12. The Israelites murmur; manna and quails are
sent. 16
13. Meeting of Moses and Jethro ; Jethro's counsel. 18
14. The journey to Sinai. Sacredness of the moun
tain. 19
15. The Ten Commandments. 20
16. In Moses' absence the people make a golden
calf. 32
17. Desire of Moses to see God. 33
Leviticus
1. Nadab and Abihu offer strange fire. 10
Numbers
1. Insubordination of Miriam and Aaron. 12
2. The report from the spies. 13-14
3. Rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. 16

52 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
4. Moses smites the rock in anger. 20
5. The story of Balaam. 22-24
Deuteronomy
1. The cities of refuge. 19
2. The blessings and curses. 28
3. The death of Moses. 34
Joshua
1. Joshua's commission. 1
2. Story of Rahab and the spies. 2
3. The crossing of the Jordan. 3,4
4. The capture of Jericho. 6
5. The sin of Achan. 7
6. The battle at Gibeon. 10
7. Death of Joshua. 24
Judges
1. Deborah and Barak deliver Israel. 4
2. Song of Deborah and Barak. 5
3. Gideon's adventures. 6-8
4. Jotham's parable (fable). 9
5. Jephthah's vow and its fulfillment. 11
6. Birth and adventures of Samson. 13-16
First SamueL'
1. The birth of Samuel. 1
2. Samuel's vision. 3
3. Death of Eli and his two sons. 4
4. The ark in the house of Dagon. 5
5. Further adventures of the ark. 6-7
6. The people desire a king. 8
7. Saul chosen and anointed king. 9-11
8. Warfare of Saul and Jonathan against the
enemies of Israel. Saul's rejection. 14-15
9. David chosen to succeed Saul. 16
10. David's combat with Goliath. 17

THE OLD TESTAMENT NARRATIVES 53
11. Jonathan's love and Saul's hatred for David. 18-20
12. David's escape from Saul. 23-24
13. Nabal's churlishness. 25
14. Saul and the witch of Endor. 28
15. Defeat and death of Saul. 31
Second Samuel
1. Adventures of Joab and Abner.
2. The bringing back of the ark. 6
3. David forbidden to build a house for God. 7
4. David and Bathsheba. 11-12
5. Nathan's parable. 12. 1-14
6. Adventures of Absalom. 14, 18
7. David numbers the people. 24
First Kings
1. Adonijah's usurpation of the kingdom.
2. Solomon succeeds David. 2
3. Solomon's choice of wisdom; judgment be
tween two women. 3
4. The building and dedication of the temple. 6-9
5. The Queen of Sheba visits Solomon. 10
6. Rehoboam's reign and policy; revolt of ten
tribes. 12
7. Ministry of Elijah. 17-22
8. Story of Naboth's vineyard. 21
Second Kings
1. Ministry of Elijah. 1-2
2. Ministry of Elisha. 2-13
3. The northern kingdom carried into captivity. 17
4. Slaughter of the Assyrians. 19
5. The story of the sundial. 20
6. Jerusalem taken by Nebuchadnezzar, king of
Babylon. 25
First and Second Chronicles repeated from First and
Second Kings.

54 THE ENGLISH BIBLE

Ezra

1. Cyrus, king of Persia, permits the captive He
brews to return to Jerusalem aud build the
temple. 1
2. Jeshua and Zerubbabel direct this undertaking. 3
3. Adversaries hinder the building. 4
4. The feast of dedication and the feast of the
Passover are kept. 6
5. Ezra carries on the work. 7-10
Nehemiah
1. Nehemiah takes up the work of building. 1-3
2. His precautions against his enemies. 4
3. The Jews complain of financial difficulties. 5
4. The craftiness of Sanballat. 6
5. Religious exercises established by Ezra. 8
6. The reforms made by Nehemiah.

CHAPTER IV
THE NEW TESTAMENT NARRATIVES
The Gospels
The selection of narratives used here is from The
Interwoven Gospels, by the Rev. William Pittenger
(John B. Alden, publisher).
1. Introduction. Matt. 1; Luke 1; John 1.
2. The annunciation. Luke 1.
3. Meeting of Mary and Elisabeth and the birth of
John. Luke 1.
4. The birth of Jesus. Matt. 1.
5. The shepherds and the angels. Luke 2.
6. Song of Simeon and Anna. Luke 2.
7. The visit of the wise men. Matt. 2.
8. The journey into Egypt. Matt. 2.
9. Jesus in the Temple. Luke 2.
10. Preaching of John the Baptist. Matt. 3; Mark 1;
Luke 3.
11. The baptism of Jesus. Matt. 3; Mark 1; Luke 3.
12. The temptation of Jesus. Matt. 4; Luke 4.
13. The calling of the first disciples. John 1.
14. The marriage at Cana. John 2.
15. Jesus cleanses the Temple. John 2.
16. Jesus meets Nicodemus. John 3.
17. Jesus and the woman of Samaria. John 4.
18. Jesus preaches at Nazareth. Luke 4.
19. The miracles at Capernaum. Matt. 8; Mark 2.
20. The sermon on the Mount. Matt. 5-7.
21. Jesus heals the daughter of Jairus. Mark 5 ; Matt.
9; Luke 8.
22. Teaching regarding the Sabbath. Matt. 12; Mark
2; Luke 6. 55

56 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
23. The twelve disciples chosen. Mark 3.
24. The healing of the centurion's servant. Matt. 8;
Luke 7.
25. Discussion concerning blasphemy. Mark 3.
26. Various parables. Matt. 13 ; Mark 4 ; Luke 8.
27. The calming of the sea. Matt. 8; Mark 4.
28. The unclean spirit sent into the swine. Matt. 8;
Mark 5; Luke 8.
29. John the Baptist beheaded. Matt. 14; Mark 6.
30. The feeding of the multitude. Matt. 14; John 6.
31. Jesus walks on the sea. Matt. 14 ; Mark 6 ; John 6.
32. Peter's confession and change of name. Matt. 16.
33. The transflguration. Matt. 17; Mark 9; Luke 9.
34. Jesus and the sinful woman. John 8.
35. Parables of the Kingdom of Heaven. Luke 13-16.
36. The raising of Lazarus. John 11.
37. Jesus enters Jerusalem in triumph. Matt. 21;
Mark 11 ; Luke 19 ; John 11.
88. Discourses on various subjects. Matt. 21-26.
39. The preparation for the Passover. Matt. 26 ; Mark
14 ; Luke 22.
40. The washing of the disciples' feet. John 13.
41. The traitor indicated. Matt. 26; Mark 14; Luke
22; John 13.
42. The Lord's supper. Matt. 26 ; Mark 14 ; Luke 22.
43. Jesus' last discourse. John 14-17.
44. The agony in Gethsemane. Matt. 26; Mark 14;
Luke 22 ; John 17.
45. The arrest of Jesus. Matt. 26 ; Mark 14 ; Luke 22 ;
John 18.
46. Peter's denial. Matt. 26 ; Mark 14 ; Luke 22 ; John
18.
47. The trial of Jesus. Matt. 26-27 ; Mark 14.
48. The remorse of Judas. Matt. 27.
49. The crucifixion. Matt. 27; Mark 15; Luke 23;
John 19.
50. The two malefactors. Luke 23.

THE NEW TESTAMENT NARRATIVES 57
51. Jesus' last words and death. Matt. 27; Mark 15;
Luke 23 ; John 19.
52. Visits to the sepulcher; the resurrection. Matt.
28; Mark 16; Luke 24; John 20.
53. The walk to Emmaus. Mark 16 ; Luke 24.
54. The special revelation to Thomas. John 20.
55. The ascension. Mark 16; Luke 24.
The Acts
1. The ascension of Jesus. 1
2. The gift of tongues. 1
3. Peter preaches and baptizes converts. 2
4. The cure of the lame man. 3
5. The deception of Ananias and Sapphira. 5
6. Seven deacons chosen; Stephen the most
prominent. 6
7. The preaching and martyrdom of Stephen. 7
8. The conversion of the Ethiopian eunuch. 8
9. The conversion of Saul of Tarsus. 9
10. The vision of Peter and its lesson. 10
11. Persecution by Herod. 12
12. Paul and Bamabas preach to the Gentiles;
their various experiences. 13
13. Paul is worshiped and stoned. 14
14. Paul and Silas have miraculous experiences in
prison. 16
15. Paul's address on Mars' Hill. 17
16. Further persecution of Paul. 19
17. Paul restores Eutychus, who had fallen down
dead. 20
18. Further persecutions and preaching. 21-26
19. Paul is shipwrecked and lands at Malta. 27
20. Paul journeys to Rome and remains there two
years. 28

CHAPTER V
THE MAJOR CLASSICS— I
Psalms and Proverbs
Psalms. — The book of Psalms is a collection of lyric
poems of the highest order. The authorship is uncer
tain, but it is generally supposed that a large number
of them were written by David, while others are
ascribed to various other authors. The book is di
vided into five parts. The first Psalm may be regarded
as an introduction to the entire book and the last
Psalm as a conclusion. The contrasting themes of
these two Psalms should be noted. The first book in
cludes Psalms 1-42 and concludes with an ascription of
praise in Psalm 41. 13. The second book includes
Psalms 42-72 and concludes with Psalm 72. 18, 19. The
third book comprises Psalms 72-89 and concludes with
verse 52 of Psalm 79. The fourth book comprises
Psalms 90-106 and closes with verse 48. The last book
includes Psalms 107-150 and closes with the remarkable
ascription of praise to Jehovah in Psalm 150. The ap
proximate dates of certain of the Psalms are suggested
by the subjects considered. For illustrations read
Psalms 74, 79, 89, 102, 115, 126, 137, 147.
The Psalms have been grouped according to their
literary characteristics. The first group contains
Psalms of humility and penitence and includes, for ex
ample. Psalms 6, 23, 27, 38, 40, 42, 46, 51, and 91. A
second group contains Psalms which set forth the at
tributes of God. Illustrations of these are Psalms 24,
48, 50, 96, 97, 98, 99, and 100. A third group, including
Psalms 8, 19, 29, 65, 93, and 104, are nature songs. A
fourth group includes the imprecatory Psalms such as
Psalms 58, 68, 69, 109, and 137.
58

THE MAJOR CLASSI CS-^I 59
The best illustrations of parallelism and the other
literary forms mentioned in Chapter XXI are to be
found in the Psalms. Frequent reference has been
made to them in illustrations of these forms. The
student will find it a profitable exercise to go over the
book of Psalms in the Revised Version, or, still better,
with the use of Moulton's Modem Reader's Bible and
select as many additional illustrations of these literary
forms as possible. Dr. Abbott in his Life and Litera
ture of the Ancient Hebrews suggests that certain of
the Psalms contain a dramatic interplay of characters.
Taking Psalm 91 as an illustration, the passage, "He
that dweileth in the secret place of the most high shall
abide in the shadow of the Almighty," is spoken by
a reverent soul ; the passage, "For he shall deliver thee
from the snare of the fowler and from the noisome
pestilence," is attributed to a listening prophet; and
the passage, "Because he hath set his love upon me
therefore will I deliver him," is spoken by Jehovah
himself. Out of the list of eight hundred and
fifty passages remarkable for their literary value
which are noted in Chapter II, one hundred and sixteen
are from the book of Psalms.
Proverbs. — ^As in the case of the book of Psalms the
authorship of Proverbs is uncertain. They were for
merly ascribed to Solomon, but it is now generally con
sidered that they are a collection of proverbs uttered
by various people, all of which are similar in style to
the proverbial expressions which emanated from King
Solomon. The book may be divided for purposes of
study into eight divisions.
1. Wisdom proverbs. 1-9
2. Virtues and contrasted vices. 10-25
3. Further proverbs of Solomon. 25-29
4. Words of Agur. 30
5. The words of King Lemuel. 31. 1-9
6. The praise of a virtuous woman. 31. 10-31

60 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Many of the proverbs consist of two lines, the second
of which sustains some relation to the first. These may
be synonymous, repeating the same thought; anti
thetic, expressing a contrast; or synthetic, where the
second is used to complete the first. See Chapter XXI,
where this is discussed under parallelism. It will be
a profitable exercise for the student to select certain
passages in Proverbs as 10. 1-32; 11. 1-31; 13. 1-25;
and note the illustrations of parallelism, and indicate
into which group each falls. The somewhat peculiar
literary form which appears in chapter 30. 18-31 should
be studied and compared with a similar method of ex
pression in Amos 1. 9-13.
Certain critics find an abundance of wit and humor
in the book of Proverbs. The following passages may
be taken as illustrations: chapter 20. 14; 23. 29-35;
25. 17; 25. 19; 26. 3; 26. 15. The book should be read
for further illustrations. It would be well first to
formulate a definition of wit and humor and then to
test the various passages in the light of these defini
tions.

CHAPTER VI
THE MAJOR CLASSICS— II
Job
It is said that Thomas Carlyle was asked by his
hostess one morning at family prayers to read a Scrip
ture passage. He happened to select the first chapter
of Job, and when he had finished this chapter he was
so absorbed in the narrative that he continued to read
the entire book of forty-two chapters before permitting
the hostess to serve breakfast. Whether or not this
is an authentic story, it is true that Carlyle has said :
"I call the book of Job, apart from all theories about it,
one of the grandest things ever written with pen.
There is nothing written, I think, in the Bible or out of
it, of equal literary merit." This is high praise from
one who was himself a master of English. That it was
not extravagant is shown by the fact that many other
of our most competent judges have pronounced similar
opinions. The book of Job may be divided into six divisions :
The prologue; The curse; The debate; The addresses
of Elihu; The addresses of the voice out of the whirl
wind ; The epilogue. The student should first read the
book for the story, which he will find to run something
like this: At an assembly of the heavenly host Satan
appears and is questioned by Jehovah concerning his
wanderings, and finally he is asked if he has considered
Job — a perfect man who fears God and eschews evil.
Satan insinuates that Job is not entirely to be com
mended in his service to God, for if his material pros
perity were to be taken away, his loyalty would cease.
Satan is given an opportunity to test Job with regard
61

62 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
to this, aud there follows a series of calamities which
reduce Job to extreme poverty. In all this Job sinned
not, but Satan is not quite satisfied with the test and
demands that his afflictions be increased so as to cause
him to suffer bodily pain. This permission is granted,
and again Job retains his integrity, even though urged
by his wife to curse God aud die:
The story continues by the advent of three of Job's
friends who come ostensibly to comfort him, but really
to show him the error of his ways and to preach to him
the particular philosophy of life which each one holds.
These discourses, together with Job's replies, consti
tute the debate. Later a young man, Elihu, comes upon
the scene, and apparently disgusted with the failure of
the three friends to meet Job's arguments, undertakes
the case in a somewhat aggressive manner. Neither
Job nor the three friends pay any attention to the di.s-
courses of Elihu, and he is finally interrupted by a
whirlwind out of which comes the voice of the Lord
uttering pronouncements of the loftiest character. In
the face of these Job is humbled and repents in dust
and ashes. In the epilogue we are told of Job's restora
tion to prosperity even greater than he at first pos
sessed. Concerning the characters in the book it may be said
that Satan or, more properly, The Satan is represented
as one of the heavenly host whose business it was to
discover and report the weaknesses of mankind. He
is not at all like the personal devil of Milton and the
Middle Ages. Job's wife may be regarded as a temp
tress of her husband, or as one who was desirous of
giving him moral support in his troubles. She plays
but a brief part in the story.
With the story clearly in mind the entire book should
be re-read and the viewpoints of the three friends. Job,
Elihu, and the voice out of the whirlwind should be
studied. It should be noted that each one of the friends

THE MAJOR CLASSICS— II 63
begins with a studied courtesy which gradually disap
pears as the discussion waxes warmer. In general, the
appeal of Eliphaz is to the universal laws of nature,
reenforced by what he considers a personal revelation
to himself. Bildad was a traditionalist and was wont
to appeal to the fathers; Zophar emphasized the folly
of searching after God (chapter 11), and utters senti
ments which are similar to those which later came from
the voice of the Lord.
There seems to be some confusion regarding the
closing chapters of the debate. Up to chapter 25 each
of the three friends has spoken in turn and been an
swered by Job. Zophar fails to reply to Job's last
speech and Bildad's speech has very little point. This
is thought by some to indicate the victory of Job over
the friends in the general discussion. Others hold that
by a disarrangement of the manuscript parts of the
last speech of Bildad have been wrongly attributed to
Job and that those portions of chapter 27 which deal
with the punishment of the wicked and chapter 28
which would seem appropriately to fall to Zophar have
been wrongly attributed to Job.
The book of Job seems to contain two distinct prob
lems. The first is contained in the question. Doth Job
fear God for nought? This is a problem discussed by
the heavenly host, but it is of great interest to the
human race. It may be stated in another form : Is
there such a thing as disinterested virtue? The con
duct of Job under his afflictions gives an affirmative
answer to this question. The second problem lies in
the endeavor to find out why misfortunes exist in the
world, and especially why they fall to the lot of the
righteous. To this question the book of Job does not
return a complete answer. The three friends and Elihu
are unwavering in their belief that Job's misfortunes
have come from secret sins, while Job himself adheres
to the contrary opinion. The voice of the Lord does

64 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
not give us a specific answer but teaches general prin
ciples. It seems to say that while these problems are
difficult it is only because we are unable to see them
from the point of view of infinity. It is as if a horse
or a dog or an amoeba should complain of human con
duct. With a larger view the difficulties will be cleared
up, but we may never expect a perfect solution in this
life. This is by no means a philosophy of despair, but,
on the contrary, it gives us hope of a time to come when
the problems which now perplex us will be cleared
away. It was probably the earliest teaching in all
literature of the stupendous fact that "nothing walks
with aimless feet."
Dr. Owen has classed the book of Job among the
five skeptical dramas of the world's literature. The
other four are Prometheus Bound, Faust, Hamlet, and
the Wonder- Working Magician. The most striking re
semblance appears in Prometheus Bound, where the
problems are very similar as are the mental perplexi
ties of the heroes of the books. One should read care
fully a translation of this great tragedy. The follow
ing passages will illustrate the similarity jnentioned:
'Tis easy for the man whose foot is placed
Outside calamity to urge advice,
On him who struggles in their toils (Prometheus).
I should also speak as ye do.
If your soul were in my soul's stead,
I could heap up words against you
And shake my head at you (Job).
The opening passages of Faust are based directly
upon the book of Job, and Mephistopheles is the Satan
considerably modified in character.
The Lord
Hast thou, then, nothing more to mention?

THE MAJOR CLASSICS— II 65
Com'st ever, thus, with ill intention?
Find'st nothing right on earth, eternally?
Mephistopheles
No, Lord ! I find things, there, still bad as they can be,
Man's misery even to pity moves my nature ;
I've scarce the heart to plague the wretched creature.
The Lord
Know'st Faust? Mephistopheles
The Doctor Faust? The Lord
My servant, he! Mephistopheles
Forsooth! He serves you after strange devices:
No earthly meat or drink the fool suffices:
His spirit's ferment far aspireth;
Half conscious of his frenzied, crazed unrest,
The fairest stars from Heaven he requireth.
From Earth the highest raptures and the best.
And all the Near and Far that he desireth
Fails to subdue the tumult of his breast.
The Lord
Though still confused his service unto me,
I soon shall lead him to a clearer morning.
Sees not the gardener, even while buds his tree.
Both flower and fruit the future years adorning?
Mephistopheles
What will you bet? There's still a chance to gain him.
If unto me full leave you give.
Gently upon my road to train him!

66 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
The Lord
As long as he on earth shall live
So long I make no prohibition.
While man's desires and aspirations stir.
He cannot choose but err.
Mephistopheles
My thanks ! I find the dead no acquisition.
And never cared to have them in my keeping.
I much prefer the cheeks where ruddy blood is leaping,
And when a corpse approaches, close my house:
It goes with me, as with the cat the mouse.
The Lord
Enough! What thou hast asked is granted.
Turn off this spirit from his fountain-head;
To trap him let thy snares be planted.
And him, with thee, be downward led;
Then stand abashed, when thou art forced to say:
A good man, through obscurest aspiration,
Has still an instinct of the one true way.
Mephistopheles
I like, at times, to hear The Ancient's word.
And have a care to be most civil:
It's really kind of such a noble Lord
So humanly to gossip with the Devil !
The book of Job has been called an epic, a drama,
and a system of philosophy. Professor Genung has .
called it the "Epic of the Inner Life." Dr. Lyman Ab-
bott calls it dramatic philosophy, or a highly spiritual
tragedy. The book certainly contains great dramatic
possibilities. The student should be interested to read
one or two books which contain extended discussions
of this masterpiece. Genung's Epic of the Inner Life,

THE MAJOR CLASSICS— II 67
Moulton's The Book of Job, or Davidson's Job are
recommended. It is hoped that this brief outline will
be sufficient to awaken an interest in this wonderful
book. The extracts from Job on page 192 represent the
points of view and literary value of the various char
acters.

CHAPTER VII
THE FIVE MINOR CLASSICS
The name "Megilloth," or "Rolls," has been given to
a group of five shorter books of the Bible. These in
clude Ruth, Esther, Ecclesiastes, The Song of Solomon,
and the Lamentations of Jeremiah.
Ruth
The scene of the book of Ruth is laid some time dur
ing the period of the Judges (1. 1). It tells the story
of a Moabitish maiden with a charm which has few
parallels in literature. Tennyson's "Dora" and Long
fellow's "Evangeline" deal with characters which may
be compared to Ruth for their Arcadian simplicity.
Dr. Lyman Abbott has told the story of Ruth in his
work The Bible as Literature. He states that it is
told much better in the Bible than he has told it. It
affords excellent practice for students in the telling of
short stories to take such a one as this and tell it to
a class of young people who may be hearing it for the
first time. The interest developed will constitute an
accurate test of the skill of the narrator. The peculiar
custom described in chapter 4 should be noted. The J
place of Ruth in the genealogy of David Wnd Jesus] '
is indicated at the close of the book. The date of wrif
ing is unquestionably a late one. The writer finds it
necessary (4. 7) to explain a certain old custom which
had doubtless long since passed into disuse.
The book of Ruth is commonly classed as an idyl
and Goethe has spoken of it as the "daintiest love idyl."
The charm of the book lies in the beauty of the narra-
68

THE FIVE MINOR CLASSICS 69
tive as a whole; there are but few individual passages
which are used in modern literature.
Esther
This book, like the one just discussed, bears the name
of a woman. It is a historical romance with strong
dramatic possibilities. The following outline will as
sist in the study of the book.
1. Vashti, the queen, refuses to be present at the feast
of Ahasuerus. 1
2. Esther, a Jewess maiden, is chosen queen in place of
Vashti. 2
3. Haman, the Agagite, is advanced by King Ahasue
rus, and is despised by Mordecai, Esther's uncle.
He obtains a decree by which the Jews are to be
put to death. 3
4. Esther and Mordecai confer over the situation. 4
5. Esther goes to the king and requests permission to
give a special banquet to the king and Haman.
Haman prepares a gallows for Mordecai. 5
6. Ahasuerus finds an account in his book of records
of conspicuous service which had been rendered
by Mordecai. He advises with Haman regarding
the reward which should be given to the man
whom the king delighteth to honor. Haman is
appointed to carry out the king's orders regarding
the honoring of Mordecai. 6
7. Esther denounces Haman at the banquet and he is
hanged on the gallows prepared for Mordecai. 7
8. The decree relating to the slaughter of the Jews is
revoked and Esther and Mordecai have great pros
perity. • 8, 9, 10
From reference to Ahasuerus (Xerxes) it is obvious
that tl)ie scene is placed in the fifth century B. C. Like
the book of Ruth it contains a fascinating story most
skillfully told. The literary value of the book depends
largely upon this characteristic.

70 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Ecclesiastes
The name of this book comes from the Hebrew
through the Greek and has been translated "Preacher."
The term is not used in its modern significance, as the
writer was a philosopher rather than a speaker in an
assembly. The authorship of the book is uncertain.
It is obviously a collection of reflections from one or
more writers who had passed through a great variety
of life's experiences and had come at its close into an
attitude of reflectiveness. The entire book should be
read by the student, and while reading it the following
topics should be kept constantly before the mind :
Does true happiness come from the possession of
wisdom ?
Does it come through labor?
Is there any distinction between man and the beasts
in the final reckoning?
The vanities which come from riches, children, and
old age.
The value of a good name and the suggestion that
gaining wisdom is the chief end of man.
Further development of the wisdom thesis.
An exhortation to worship the Creator.
The conclusion of the whole matter.
Read chapters 3 and 12 aloud. If there is not suffi
cient time to carry out the suggestion made elsewhere
that a comparative study be made of Ecclesiastes and
the Rubaiyat, it is desirable that this poem should at
least be read. Song op Solomon
Few books in the Bible have awakened more discus
sion than the Song of Solomon. It was with consider
able difficulty that it found a place in the Old Testa
ment canon. When admitted its reading was forbidden
to Israelites under a certain age. It has been some-

THE FIVE MINOR CLASSICS 71
what fancifully suggested that the Shulamite maiden
was none other than Abishag, the Shunammite who
ministered to King David in his extreme old age and
who seemed to possess the affections of both Solomon
and his elder brother Adonijah. Before accepting any
theory of interpretation the book should be carefully
read. Those who are looking for a dramatic setting in the
book will find it easy to accept the interpretation that
the various parts of the book were delivered in turn by
Solomon, who had come into northern Palestine with
his court; a Shulamite maiden who is betrothed to a
rustic lover; and a chorus of court women. With this
interpretation in mind the poem may be supposed to
represent the struggle of King Solomon to win the
affections of the maiden from her rustic lover. Solo
mon begins his appeal by flattering references to her
beauty, chapters 1. 9, and 2. 7. The maiden replies by
setting forth the graces and virtues of her lover. Solo
mon renews his suit, chapter 4. 1-7, by use of the strong
est Oriental imagery as a tribute to the maiden's
beauty, but all of this is without avail. Then follows
a duet by the maiden and her lover. Solomon makes a
further appeal (chapter 6. 4-10) and is again repulsed.
The chorus of women which has been in sympathy with
the aspirations of the king now weakens somewhat in
its allegiance and begins to express sympathy with the
maiden in her preference for her rustic lover. The
concluding scene takes place in the country home of
the maiden. She and her lover are reunited and Solo
mon makes the best of the situation.
Another interpretation makes the king himself iden
tical with the rustic lover. Unable to gain her affec
tions in his own person, King Solomon disguises him
self as a shepherd and wins her love. He then reveals
himself to her as the king and they are wedded in royal
state. There are many poetical expressions in the book

72 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
which have made for themselves a strong place in
modern literature.
The interpretation held by orthodox critics a half
century ago finds little favor at present.
Lamentations
This little book is made up of five elegies which are
arranged in a remarkable literary form. The first four
are in the form of an acrostic where each verse begins
with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
Chapter 3 has sixty-six verses, but each three succes
sive lines begin with the same letter. Chapter 5
is not in the acrostic form, but contains twenty-two
verses. This book was read by the Jews at the feast
of the Ninth of Ab, in commemoration of the burning
of the city by Nebuchadnezzar (1. 1), as Ruth was read
at the Passover season, and Esther at the Feast of
Purim. It is still chanted by pious Jews at the wailing-
place by the temple.
The following arrangement with the English alpha
bet will illustrate the acrostic form. Chapter 2 :
1. Anger has come from the Lord and covered the
daughter of Zion.
2. Broken are the inhabitants of Jacob, and laid waste
are the strongholds.
3. Cut off is the horn of Israel and Jacob is consumed
with fire.
4. Destruction came from his bow and desolate is the
daughter of Zion.
5. Enmity from Jehovah has swallowed up Israel and
increased mourning in the daughter of Judah.
6. Forgotten are the solemn feasts and Sabbaths, and
the places of assembly are destroyed.

CHAPTER VIII
THE EARLIER PREEXILIC PROPHETS
Amos
During the reign of Jeroboam II (783-743), the
northern kingdom of Israel enjoyed a period of great
prosperity. This was due in large measure to the
temporary weakness of its powerful neighbors. With
this prosperity there came in a certain arrogance. Re
ligion became more or less formal, and class dis
tinctions, rather uncommon in Israel, began to de
velop. The prophet Amos was the immediate successor of
the great prophetic figures, Elijah and Elisha. He
tells us that he was a herdsman from the village of
Tekoa. He possessed a keen conception of the serious
situation in which the northern kingdom found itself,
and the burden of his message was the inevitable com
ing doom. Chapters 1 and 2 should be read aloud and
their excellence as a specimen of oratory noted. Note
the literary form in 1. 3, 6, 9, 11, 13 ; 2. 1, 4, 6, and com
pare with Prov. 30. The conclusion in which Judah
and Israel are brought into the category of condemna
tion is very striking.
Although the book as a whole is of high literary
merit, only two passages have been selected as espe
cially noteworthy. Hosea
After the death of Jeroboam I in 743 the northern
kingdom began to see the fruits of the false security
which was the burden of Amos's prophecies. Tiglath
Pileser IV became ruler of Assyria in 745, and the
overcoming of Israel was an easy task. Hosea's mes-
73

74 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
sage differed from that of Amos in coupling the
graciousness of God with the certainty of doom. He
makes use of a wonderfully pathetic figure of an un
faithful wife (chapter 1) and compares the husband's
continued affection with the readiness with which God
forgives. The book is somewhat disconnected and the style is
tender and emotional. It contains a large number of
frequently quoted passages. Isaiah
While Jeroboam II was reigning in the northern
kingdom Uzziah was king of Judah. This kingdom
likewise enjoyed a period of prosperity. Uzziah was
succeeded by Jotham and Ahaz, weak monarchs, and
then came Hezekiah, a ruler who showed considerable
strength of character. It was during the latter part
of this period that Isaiah did his prophetic work. (It
is no part of this book to go into technical discussions
of authorship, but it may be said that it is the opinion
of scholars that the Isaiah mentioned here had to do
with chapters 1-39, and that the remaining chapters re
late to a second Isaiah who lived considerably later.)
The message of Isaiah was very similar to those of
Amos and Hosea, but he seemed to have been a man of
considerable influence at court. He was a member of
the upper classes and a writer of great literary charm.
Chapter 5 begins with a parable and concludes with a
remarkably powerful piece of oratory. In chapter 11
he sees a vision of a time which is to come and sets it
forth in strong and beautiful language. Read also
chapters 26 and 32 in this connection. The remainder
of the book is made up largely of denunciations of the
enemies of Judah. Micah
This prophet was associated with Isaiah. He was a

THE EARLIER PREEXILIC PROPHETS 75
somewhat younger man and was born in the country,
while Isaiah came from the city. His message was
chiefly directed against the social shortcomings of
Israel and Judah. His experiences as a peasant had
embittered him against the rich and powerful, whom he
represents as skinning and eating the poor — language
which is not entirely unfamiliar at the present day. He
has a clear vision of the future, the best illustration of
which is, perhaps, his reference to Bethlehem (5. 2l.
A noteworthy passage frequently quoted is found iu
4. 4.
A part of 6. 8 is said to have been Theodore Roose
velt's favorite passage: "What doth the Lord require
of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk
humbly with thy God?"

CHAPTER IX
THE LATER PREEXILIC PROPHETS
Zephaniah
After Micah no prophetic voice was heard for about
seventy-five years. During the reign of Manasseh —
about 698-643 — there was a period of open persecution
of the worshipers of Jehovah. This situation contin
ued during the reigns of Amon and Josiah. Zephaniah
appeared about 625. He was a prince of royal blood
and probably a companion of Jeremiah. He predicts
a "day of Jehovah" in which Israel and all other na
tions shall be tried by fires of purification. At the
conclusion of his message there is a strong note of en
couragement for Zion, and a clear vision of restoration
to prosperity. In 1. 15 he refers to a "day of wrath, a
day ..." upon which was based Celano's famous
hymn, "Dies irae."
Nahum
This prophet has left us a short book of three chap
ters devoted almost exclusively to the fall of the As
syrian capital, Nineveh. In the first chapter he con
trasts God's goodness to his own people with his wrath
against his enemies. Note verse 7.
Habakkuk
This book Las a high literary value, reminding one
strikingly of Job in certain passages. He discusses the
age-long question of the prosperous state of the wicked,
and comes to the conclusion that time alone will adjust
matters satisfactorily (2. 3). Chapter 3 may be com
pared with Job 41. A beautiful passage frequently
used in ritualistic services is found in 2. 20.
76

THE LATER PREEXILIC PROPHETS 77
Jeremiah
The story of Jeremiah as written down in his
prophecy is most interesting. It is too long to be out
lined here, but the student should read enough of it
to get the style and become familiar with the principal
events. He was, perhaps, confronted with more diffi
cult problems than any other of the prophets. He was
ardently patriotic, but his clear vision convinced him
that a policy of nonresistance to Babylon was the only
proper one. Although of aristocratic family, he was
not above the employment of many curious methods of
popular appeal. The first part of chapter 5 reminds
us somewhat of the methods of Diogenes. Note his
fiery denunciations of Judah and his frequent diffi
culties with the rulers. It is scarcely to be wondered
that he has become the synonym of pessimism. Note
the various types employed beginning with chapter 13.
His troubles with the rulers culminate with the com
ing of the Babylonians, when Zedekiah asks him to
pray for deliverance. Jeremiah shows his real patriot
ism by his assistance to his people when vanquished.
There are but few passages in Jeremiah which are
of pronounced literary value. The following are note
worthy: 6. 14; 8. 22; 13. 23; 3L 15.

CHAPTER X
THE PROPHETS OF THE EXILE
Ezekiel
The deportation of the two tribes into Babylon was
a unique experience in their history. They were not
treated as slaves as in the days of Egyptian bondage,
but were given tracts of fertile land and opportunity
for economic development. The Jews, however, were
poorly equipped for a life of this kind. In so far as
they had adhered to the true God they had come to
associate religious worship with the city of Jerusa
lem, and their failure to adjust themselves to their new
conditions was voiced in the pathetic Psalm, "How can
we sing the songs of Zion in a strange land?"
Among the exiles was the prophet Ezekiel, who gave
intermittent messages to the people for more than
twenty years. His writings consist of visions, para
bles, and glimpses of a universal acknowledgment of
the supremacy of Jehovah. The book makes but little
contribution to literature, and has but one frequently
quoted proverbial passage (18. 2). Read chapters 33
and 38 as specimens of his best style.
The Second Isaiah
It is the opinion of most modem biblical scholars
that the portion of the book of Isaiah beginning with
chapter 40 was not written by the author of the first
thirty -nine chapters. It is thought that the second
Isaiah may have been a captive in Babylon during the
latter part of the exile. There are certain indications
that several writers were concerned with this work.
Although written at a later period, it supplements ad
mirably the vision of the first Isaiah.
78

THE PROPHETS OF THE EXILE 79
Some of the finest literary passages in the Bible are
to be found here.
Read carefully chapters 40, 42, 43, 52, 53, 55, 61.
Note the large number of passages in frequent use by
modern writers.

CHAPTEB XI
THE PERIOD OF RESTORATION
Haggai
Babylon was taken by Cyrus, king of the Medes and
Persians, in B. C. 538. As a matter of policy in deal
ing with a disaffected people he permitted a large num
ber of Jews (forty-two thousand according to Ezra) to
return to Jerusalem and restore the temple. The Sa
maritans, who came from the northern kingdom, re
quested to be allowed to join this expedition, but were
refused through tribal jealousy. The story of their
efforts to hinder the work of restoration is related in
Ezra and Nehemiah.
During this period a number of the "minor prophets"
appeared with messages of encouragement.
Haggai and Zechariah appear to have been closely
associated. The message of Haggai was chiefly one of
reproach for the delay in building the temple, and en
couragement for the future when it should be com
pletely restored. There are no passages of especial
literary merit in the book. Zechariah
This prophet makes use of the methods of types and
figures employed by his predecessors. His vision ex
tends beyond the immediate restoration of the temple
to a time when true worship of Jehovah shall be set
up in Jerusalem. Many of the passages are of high
order, and the conclusion is most excellent. Note the
selected passages (chapter 1).
Obadiah
This prophecy is contained in one short book of
80

THE PERIOD OP RESTORATION 81
twenty-one verses. Its chief burden is the destruction
of the Edomites for the wrong they have done the
Jews at various times. Little is known concerning the
writer, and the book possesses little literary impor
tance. Malachi
This prophet lived some time after Haggai and
Zechariah, a time when the enthusiasm due to the re
turn from exile^had considerably abated. The name is
an impersonal one indicating "my messenger." The
message comprises a harsh criticism of Israel for their
neglect of Jehovah, of the priests for their immorality,
and the better classes for falling in with the current
corruption (2. 12). Chapters 3 and 4 are character
ized by religious fervor, and they should be carefully
read. Joel
The date of this prophecy has been the subject of
much controversy. By some it has been placed at an
early date; others make it contemporaneous with
Malachi. The book deals with general judgments upon
sin rather than denunciation of any particular people.
The author makes frequent quotations from earlier
prophets, and the style is characterized by considerable
vigor. The book should be read with these comments
in mind.
Jonah
This book, as in the case of Joel, gives no definite
indication of its historical setting. There seems to be
some reason for placing it among the late books of this
period. Scholars are divided regarding the message
of this book. It may be a literal statement of actual
occurrences ; it may be allegorical ; it may be.jUJgatJEfig'
upon the narrowness of the Jewish conception of re
ligion — an anticipation of Peter's vision of the unclean
beasts. The reader should familiarize himself with

82 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
the story, but care should be exercised to avoid placing
emphasis upon an interesting detail to the neglect of
the meaning of the message. Daniel
Although Daniel was a prophet it is not quite correct
to classify this book with either the major or the minor
prophets, but it seems to stand by itself as the Old
Testament apocalypse. It is thought to have been writ
ten in the time of Antiochus IV, who ruled in the
second century B. C.
The following is an outline of the narratives which
should be studied :
1. Daniel and his friends refuse to eat the king's por
tion. 1
2. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar's forgotten
dream. 2
3. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refuse to wor
ship the golden image, and are thrown into a
fiery furnace. They are miraculously delivered. 3
4. Belshazzar's feast and the handwriting on the
wall. 5
5. Daniel is made first president of the kingdom. He
refuses to obey the king's decree and is cast into
a den of lions. He is unharmed. 6
The remainder of the book is largely given up to
visions which are obscure in their meaning and of little
literary value.

CHAPTER XII
THE LETTERS OF PAUL
Having studied the activities of Saint Paul in the
book of Acts, we come to the consideration of a series
of letters addressed in some cases to specific bodies of
believers and in others to Christian converts in general.
Saint Paul has achieved distinction as a theologian, as
a philosopher, and as a man of letters. His writings
are filled with theological and philosophical problems,
but they show throughout a distinct literary charm.
Following the generally accepted chronology, we
come first to the two letters addressed to the Thessa
lonians, written from Corinth. These and several of
the following letters were written while Paul was a
traveling evangelist. While preaching at Thessalonica
Paul had caused a division among the people; and it
was in part to establish the faith of those who remained
steadfast that the first epistle was written. Both epis
tles deal with the second coming of .Jesus, and some evi
dent misconceptions due to the first epistle are
corrected in the second.
The following brief outline should be studied : Paul
leaves Athens for Corinth, where he works at his trade
as a tent-maker. Timothy comes to Corinth after a
visit to Thessalonica, and his report of the condition
of the churches leads Paul to write these two letters.
After the customary salutation, note in the first letter
Paul's warning against sensuality (4), remarks on the
state of the Christian dead (4), remarks on Christ's
second coming (5).
The second epistle covers much the same ground as
the first. Chapter 2 should be noted, for further dis
cussion of Christ's coming. 83

84 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
The book of Acts supplies us with considerable in
formation regarding Saint Paul's stay at Ephesus. He
pays a short visit to Corinth, and upon his return to
Ephesus writes four letters to the Corinthians, only
two of which have come down to us. In his first letter
after an introductory message he rebukes the spirit of
sectarianism (1-3), outlines the method of procedure in
case of a corrupt brother (6), writes concerning mar
riage and divorce (7), on meat offered to idols (8),
concerning the status of women in the church (11 and
14), the supremacy of love (13), and doctrine of the
resurrection (15).
In his second letter Paul defends himself from
various charges (1-3), vindicates his claim to be an
apostle (11-12), gives some general advice on church
affairs, and closes with the apostolic benediction.
Saint Paul now journeys from Ephesus to Corinth.
Here he learns that the converts in Galatia have fallen
under the influence of Judaizing sects. Not only had
they become a prey to false doctrines, but they had
come to discredit the apostle, against whom many se
rious charges had been preferred. His Epistle to the
Galatians is made up of a personal defense (1-2), a
somewhat technical discussion of the relation of faith
to works, and the application of the Jewish law (2-5),
and practical direction for proper living (5-6). The
Epistle to the Romans was written from Corinth. Paul
had not yet visited Rome, but he felt a lively interest
in the converts of the great capital city. From a liter
ary point of view this is regarded as the apostle's mas
terpiece. No outline is presented here, but it should
be studied as a piece of theological literature which
has for its central theme the method of redemption by
Jesus Christ. The student should note the absence of
the personal element which runs through the letters
previously studied.
Paul's next epistles were written while a prisoner

THE LETTERS OF PAUL 85
in Rome (Acts 28. 30). The first of these was a short
personal letter to Philemon, a Christian convert, in
which he urges that Onesimus, a runaway slave who
had become a Christian at Rome, should be received by
his master in the spirit of Christian forbearance.
The letter to the Colossians was Written with a pur
pose similar to that of the earlier epistles — to correct
abuses which had come in from outside influences. In
this case it was necessary to controvert the Gnostic
conception of God as too remote from the Avorld to have
any close connection with it. The arguments used are
somewhat mystical, and the letter reaches a high de
gree of spirituality.
The Epistle to the Ephesians has given rise to con
siderable discussion regarding the Christian commun
ity to whom it was addressed. Saint Paul spent much
of his time at Ephesus and one would expect more ex
tended personal salutations if the letter was addressed
to intimate friends. It appears like a pastoral letter,
designed to be sent to several of the churches to which
Paul had ministered. It is made up largely of doc
trinal passages.
The letter to the Philippians is in contrast with most
of Paul's letters, inasmuch as it finds much to commend
and little to condemn. Note the personal advice given
in chapter 2, and the warnings against false doctrines
in chapter 3.
Paul's last letters are personal ones addressed to
two of his younger disciples, Timothy and Titus. Many
critics are of the opinion that these letters were
not written by Paul. They do not possess a high lit
erary value but contain a variety of instructions re
lating to church government, the care of the poor, the
status of women, and the duties of the various church
officials. Note the famous passage in 2 Tim. 4. 7.

CHAPTER XIII
OTHER NEW TESTAMENT LETTERS
The Epistle to the Hebrews is one of the most stately
pieces of writing in the New Testament. Its author
ship is uncertain, but it is frequently attributed to
Saint Paul. It is a strong appeal to Jewish converts
to take the life and teachings of Jesus as the culmina
tion of the Jewish order. The superiority of .Jesus is
shown to the prophets, to angels, and to Moses and
Aaron. The rollcall of the heroes of the faith is most
impressive and should be read aloud by the student.
The book of Hebrews contains but few passages com
monly quoted in modern literature, but the expression
"a cloud of witnesses" (12. 1) would take high rank
in this regard.
The Epistle of James reminds us somewhat of the
Wisdom Literature of the Old Testament. The great
problem of the purpose of affliction discussed in Job
is attacked here. The severe strictures made upon the
rich are frequently used as texts by reformers with
strong socialistic tendencies. The writer emphasizes
the importance of good works in the scheme of salva
tion. It contains no passages of especial literary sig
nificance. The two Epistles of Peter have very little in common
either in content or literary style. The first letter has
a certain resemblance to the letters of Paul, and the
second seems to have been written very late, modeled
upon the general style of Jude. The theme of both
Second Peter and Jude relates chiefly to the treatment
which should be accorded to apostles. Attention is
called to the fact that in earlier periods of Israelitish
86

OTHER NEW TESTAMENT LETTERS 87
history there were found many who were unfaithful
and who merited destruction. The three Epistles of
John are addressed to Christians in general, to a cer
tain elect lady, and to Gains. They all reach a high
plane of spirituality. The first letter extols love as the
chief virtue and exhorts the early Christian to sinless
living. The second letter contains a warning against
deceivers, and the third breathes a spirit of optimism
with reference to the condition of the church.
The book of Revelation would not be properly classi
fied as a book of letters, although the first part is de
voted to messages to the various churches in Asia. The
major part of the book is apocalyptic in form, and is
said to be one of several written about this time for the
comfort of the early Christians in their persecutions.
It contains a series of pictures difficult of interpreta
tion, which portrays the destruction of the forces of evil
and the final triumph of the good. Throughout there
runs the constant purpose to exalt Jesus Christ.

CHAPTER XIV
THE BIBLE IN POETRY
In this chapter a number of biblical references have
been selected from the major poets. The list is by no
means complete and it should be the pleasant task of
the student to extend it whenever he comes across an
appropriate reference in his future reading. If the
poem from which the selection is made is a familiar
one, the student should note down the setting of the
passage in the poem and in the Bible. If it is un
familiar, the passage will take on a new meaning when
the poem comes to be read.
In most cases the Scripture reference is indicated ; in
connection with some of the poems the student is ex
pected to find the appropriate passages.
Ccedmon's Hymn, A. D. 670
This is the most ancient specimen of English which
has come down to us.
Now we shall glorify heaven — Kingdom's Warden.
Creator's might and his mood-thought
Work of the Glory-Father; as he of wonders of each
Eternal Lord, the beginning established.
He erst shaped of men for the children
Heaven to roof, holy Shaper.
Then Midgard, mankind's Warden,
Eternal Lord, after prepared.
For men the earth, Lord almighty.
Note reference to the Kingdom of heaven and the
children of men. 88

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 89
Geoffrey Chaucer
The Canterbury Tales
These tales contain many references to the Bible and
biblical characters, but only a limited number of direct
quotations. Some of the more obvious of these follow.
The Milleres Tale
The sorwe of Noe with his felaschipe.
That he hadde or he gat his wyf to schipe?
—Gen. 7. 7.
The Prologe of the Wyf of Bathe
And therwithal he knew mo proverbes
Than in this world ther growen gres or herbes.
—Prov. 21. 9, 19, and 11. 22.
The Freres Tale
And right as Judas hadde purses smale
And was a theef . —John 12. 6.
The Marchaundes Tale
Love wel thy wyf, as Crist loveth his chirche.
—Eph. 5. 25, 28, 29.
The Pardoneres Tale
Thapostil wepyng saith ful pitously. —Phil. 3. 18, 19.
The Tale of Melibeus
For the book saith, that in olde men is the sapience,
and in longe tyme the prudence. —Job 32. 9.

90 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Adam
Lo Adam, in the feld of Damassene. —Gen. 2. 7.
Samson
The whole story is taken directly from Judges.
De rege Nabugodonosor
Taken from Daniel. Balthazar
Taken from Daniel. Shakespeare
It hath the primal eldest curse upon it, a brother's
murder. —Hamlet: III, iii, 37. Gen. 4. 8. The king, re
ferring to his brother's murder.
O, Jephthah, judge of Israel, what a treasure hadst
thou! —Hamlet : II, ii, 422. Judg. 11. 34. Hamlet in dis
course with Polonius.
A Daniel come to judgment.
— Merchant of Venice: IV, i, 223. History of Su
sanna, line 46. Daniel is called to judge the case of
Susanna. When Jacob grazed his Uncle Laban's sheep.
—Merchant of Venice : I, iii, 72. Gen. 30. 31. Shy-
lock bargaining with Antonio.
The devil can cite scripture for his purpose.
— Merchant of Venice: I, iii, 98. Matt. 4. 6. An
tonio commenting upon Shylock's speech.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 91
By Jacob's staff I swear.
—Merchant of Venice: II, v, 36. Gen. 32. 10. Shy-
lock to Jessica.
Which blood like sacrificing Abel's cries
Even from the tongueless caverns of the earth.
—King Richard II : I, i, 104. Gen. 4. 10.
Tho' some of you with Pilate wash your hands.
—King Richard II : IV, i, 239. Matt. 27. 24. King
Richard to the lords who demand his resignation.
I kissed thee, ere I killed thee.
—Othello : V, ii, 358. Matt. 26. 49 ; 2 Sam. 20. 9-10.
Said by Othello after he had killed Desdemona.
Who can call him his friend that dips in the same
dish? — Timon of Athens : III, ii, 72. Matt. 26. 23.
I charge thee, fling away ambition ; by that sin fell
the angels.
—Henry VIII : III, ii, 441. Luke 10. 18. Wolsey to
Cromwell. Slanderous as Satan.
— Merry Wives of Windsor: V, v, 162. Job 1. 9.
Poor as Job.
—Merry Wives of Windsor: V, v, 163. Job 1. 21.
As wicked as his wife.
— Merry Wives of Windsor : V, v, 164. Job 2. 9.
— Comments on Falstaff by Page and Ford.
Goliath with a weaver's beam.
— Merry Wives of Windsor: V, i, 21. 1 Sam. 17. 7.
Falstaff boasts his lack of fear.

92 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Life is a shuttle.
—Merry Wives of Windsor: V, i, 22. Job 7. 6.
Speech of Falstaff.
Thou knowest in the state of innocence Adam fell.
—Henry IV : Part I, III, iii, 185. Gen. 3. 6. Falstaff
to Prince Hal.
Dives that lived in purple.
—Henry IV: Part I, III, iii, 35. Luke 16. 19. Fal
staff states that Bardolph makes him think of hell fire
and Dives.
As ragged as Lazarus.
—Henry IV : Part I, IV, ii, 27. Luke 16. 20. Fal-
staff's description of his soldiers.
He that doth the ravens feed, yea, providently caters
for the sparrow.
—As You Like It: II, iii, 44. Matt. 10. 29; Luke
12. 24. Adam, servant, to Orlando when he offers him
money. His kisses are Judas's own children.
—As You Like It: III, iv, 10. Matt. 26. 49. Celia
to Rosalind referring to Orlando.
The barbarous Scythian.
— King Lear: I, i, 118. Col. 3. 11. Lear expresses
the measure of his affection for Cordelia.
He that parts us shall bring a brand from heaven.
And fire us hence like foxes.
— ^King Lear: V, iii, 22. Judg. 15. 4. Lear's refer
ence to parting with Cordelia.
Or memorize another Golgotha."
—Macbeth: I, i, 40. Matt. 27. 33. The Sergeant's
description of a bloody battlefield.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 93
Not till God make man of some other metal than
earth. — Much Ado About Nothing : II, i, 64. Gen. 2. 7.
Beatrice referring to her antipathy to marriage.
As thus: "Come, little ones."
And then again:
"It is as hard to come as for a camel
To thread the postern of a small needle's eye."
—Richard II: V, v, 17. Luke 18. 16; Matt, 19. 24.
Richard referring to a diversity of thoughts.
John Milton
There are no long poems based more directly upon
Biblical narratives than "Paradise Lost," "Paradise
Regained," and "Samson Agonistes." In the list of
special topics written down for those who wish to carry
their study of the English Bible further than the lines
indicated in this book, it is suggested that those por
tions of "Paradise Lost" and "Paradise Regained"
which are extra-biblical be separated from those based
directly upon the Bible.
The passages which have been selected for study are
the more obvious quotations from the Bible, especial
reference being had to their literary form. In making
the selections the notes made by various critics have
been freely followed. Paradise Lost
book i
Siloa's brook that flow'd fast by the oracle of God.
—Isa. 8. 6.
Dovelike sat'st brooding on the vast abyss. —Gen. 1. 2.

94 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
And justify the ways of God to men. —Rom. 3. 4.
He trusted to have equaled the Most High.—Isa. 14. 13.
With floods and whirlwinds of tempestuous fire.
—Psa. 11. 6.
Though of their names in heavenly records now be no
memorial. —Psa. 9. 5, 6; Rev. 3. 5.
By falsities and lies. —Rom. 1. 22.
The invisible glory of him that made them to transform.
—Rom. 1. 23.
Devils to adore for deities. —Lev. 17. 7; Psa. 106. 37.
The wisest heart of Solomon he led by fraud to build
his temple. —1 Kings 11. 7.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom,
Tophet thence and black Gehenna call'd. —Jer. 7. 31.
By that uxorious king, whose heart, though large.
—1 Kings 4. 29.
Whose wanton passions in the sacred porch Ezekiel
saw. —Ezek. 8. 12.
Dagon his name; sea monster, upward man and down
ward fish. — 1 Sam, 5. 4.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 95
God's altar to disparage. —2 Kings 16. 10; 2 Chron. 28. 23.
Jehovah, who in one night, when he passed from Egypt.
—Exod. 12. 12; Num. 33. 3, 4.
Yet confess'd later than heaven and earth their boasted
parents. —Deut. 32. 17.
And now his heart distends with pride, and, hardening
in his strength. —Dan. 5. 20.
Mammon, the least erected spirit that fell from heaven.
—Matt. 6. 24.
BOOK II
What, if the breath, that kindled those grim fires,
awaked ? —Isa. 30. 33.
How oft amidst thick clouds and dark.
—Psa. 18. 11, 13; 97. 2; 1 Kings 8. 12.
The parching air bums frore. —Eccl. 42. 20, 21.
His dark pavilion spread wide on the wasteful deep.
—Psa. 18. 11.
book III
Since God is light. —1 John 1. 5; 1 Tim. 6. 16.
In him all his Father shone substantially express'd.
—Heb. 1. 3.

96 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
That be far from thee. Father, who art judge of all
things made. —Gen. 18. 25.
As in him perish all men, so in thee, as from a second
root, shall be restored. —1 Cor. 15. 22.
Hither of ill-join'd sons, and daughters born. —Gen. 6. 4.
The same whom John saw also in the sun. —Rev. 19. 17.
BOOK IV
And on the Tree of Life, the middle tree and highest.
—Gen. 2. 9 ; Rev. 2. 7.

Where thou art weigh'd, and shown how light, how
—Dan. 5. 27.

weak, if thou resist.

BOOK V
Hear my decree, which unrevoked shall stand: This
day I have begot whom I declare my only Son, and
on this holy hill him have anointed, whom ye now
behold at my right hand; your head I him appoint;
and by myself have sworn to him shall bow all
knees in heaven, and shall confess him Lord.
—Psa. 2. 6, 7; Gen. 22. 16; Phil. 2. 10, 11; Heb. 1. 5.
All but the unsleeping eyes of God. —Psa. 121. 4.
By living streams among the trees of life.
—Rev. 7. 17.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 97
The third part of heaven's host. —Rev. 12. 3, 4.
How spread among the sons of morn. —Isa. 14. 12.
The mountain of the Congregation. —Isa. 14. 13.
Shalt thou give law to God? —Rom. 9. 20.
By whom as by his word, the mighty Father made all
things. —Col. 1. 16, 17.
But hasten to appease the incensed Father and the in
censed Son, while pardon may be found. —Isa. 4. 6.
Who saw when this creation was? Remember'st thou
thy making, while the Maker gave thee being?
—Job 38. 4.
Our own right hand shall teach us highest deeds.
—Psa. 45. 4.
As the sound of waters deep. —Rev. 19. 6.
Yet not for thy advice or threats I fly these wicked
tents devoted. —Num. 16. 26.
BOOK VI
Light as the lightning glimpse they ran. —Ezek. 1. 14.

98 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Thou always seek'st to glorify thy Son. —John 17. 4, 5.
Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee forever.
—1 Cor. 15. 24, 28; John 17. 21, 23.
To chains of darkness, and the undying worm.
—2 Pet. 2. 4 ; Mark 9. 44.
Forth rushed with whirlwind sound the chariot of
paternal Deity. —Ezek. 1. 4; Isa. 66. 15.
Wheel within wheel undrawn. —Ezek. 1. 5, 16, 19, 20.
Four faces each had wondrous. —Ezek. 1. 6.
Attended with ten thousand thousand saints.
—Jude 14 ; Psa. 68. 17 ; Rev. 7. 4.
He on the wings of cherub rode sublime. —Psa. 18. 10.
Aloft by angels borne, his sign in heaven. —Matt. 24. 50.
At his command the uprooted hills retired each to his
place; they heard his voice and went obsequious.
—Hab. 3. 6.
Stand still in bright array, ye saints. —Exod. 14. 13, 14.
Vengeance is his. —Deut. 32. 35; Rom. 12. 19.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 99

That wish'd the mountains now might be again thrown
on them. —Rev. 6. 16.
Worthiest to reign. —Rev. 4. 11.
Who into glory him received.
Where now he sits at the right hand of bliss.
— ITim. 3. 16; Heb. 1.3.
Warn thy weaker. —1 Pet. 3. 7.
BOOK VII
Nor let thine own inventions hope things not reveal'd.
—Psa. 106. 29.
Whom their place knows here no more. —Job 7. 10.
Let there be light, said God. —Gen. 1. 3.
When Orient light exhaling first from darkness they
beheld : Birthday of heaven and earth : with joy and
shout. —Job 38. 4, 7.
God said. Let there be firmament. —Gen. 1. 6.
Be gather'd now, ye waters, under heaven.
—Gen. 1. 9 ; Psa. 104. 6.
There the eagle and the stork on cliffs and cedar-tops
their eyries build. —Job 39. 27, 28.

100 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Let us make now man in our image, man in our simili
tude, and let them rule over the fish and fowl of sea
and air, beast of the field, and over all the earth and
every creeping thing that creeps the ground.
—Gen. 1. 26, 27, 28.
Open, ye everlasting gates! they sung; open, ye heav
ens ! your living doors ; let in the great Creator, from
his work return'd magnificent, his six days' work,
a world. —Psa. 24. 7.

BOOK VIII
Jnevitably thou shalt die.

—Gen. 2. 17.

To attain the height and depth of thy eternal ways
all human thoughts come short.

—Rom. 11. 33.
—1 John 5. 3.

Him, whom to love is to obey.
BOOK IX
To the ocean barr'd at Darien. —Job 38. 10.
The serpent subtlest beast of all the field. —Gen. 3. 1.
We live law to ourselves. —Rom. 2. 14,
Indeed ! hath God then said that of the fruit of all these
garden-trees ye shall not eat, yet lords declared of
all in earth or air? —Gen. 3. 1.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 101
Ye shall not die. —Gen. 3. 4.
BOOK X
Which he presumes already vain and void, because not
yet inflicted. —Eccl. 8. 11.
To thee I have transferr'd all judgment, whether in
heaven, or earth, or hell. —John 5. 22.
Now was the sun in western cadence low, from noon.
—Gen. 3. 8.
Where art thou, Adam? —Gen. 3. 9.
Say, woman, what is this which thou hast done?
—Gen. 3. 13.
Because thou hast done this, thou art accursed above
all cattle, each beast of the field : upon thy belly grov
elling thou shalt go, and dust shalt eat all the days
of thy life. Between thee and the woman I will put
enmity and between thine and her seed : her seed
shall bruise thy head, thou bruise his heel.
—Gen. 3. 14.
Saw Satan fall, like lightning, down from heaven.
—Luke 10. 18; Eph. 2. 2; Col. 2. 15; Psa. 68. 18; Eph.
4. 8; Rom. 16. 20.
He clad their nakedness with skins of beasts. —Gen. 3. 21.
Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay to mold me
man? —Isa. 14. 9.

102 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
BOOK XI
That sighs now breathed unutterable; which the Spirit
of prayer inspired. —Rom. 8. 26.
O sons, like one of us man is become, to know both good
and evil. —Gen. 3. 22-24.
Four faces each had, like a double Janus. —Ezek. 10. 14.
Which I must keep till my appointed day.
—Job 14. 14.
And to them preach'd conversion and repentance.
—1 Pet. 3. 19, 20.
BOOK XII
He straight obeys ; not knowing to what land, yet firm
believes. —Heb. 11. 8.
Over the tent a cloud shall rest by day, a fiery gleam by
night; save when they journey. —Exod. 40. 34.
And therefore shall not Moses, though of God highly
beloved, being but the minister of the law, his people
into Canaan lead. —Deut. 34 ; Josh. 1.
What will they then but force the Spirit of grace itself,
and bind his consort Liberty? —2 Cor. 3. 17.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 103
Last, in the clouds, from heaven to be reveal'd in glory
of the Father. —Matt. 24. 64; Matt. 16. 27.
New heavens, new earth. —2 Pet. 3. 13.
Paradise Regained
BOOK I
By one man's disobedience lost. —Rom. 5. 19.
Who ledst this glorious eremite into the desert?
—Matt. 4. 1.
Roving still about the world. —Job 1. 7; 1 Pet. 5. 8.
So purified, to receive him pure. —1 John 3. 3.
His weakness shall o'ercome Satanic strength.
—1 Cor. 1. 27; Psa. 8. 2.
The law of God I read, and found it sweet, made it my
whole delight. —Psa. 119. 103 ; Psa. 1. 2.
And of thy kingdom there should be no end.
—Luke 1. 32, 33.
Full weight must be transferr'd upon my head.
—Isa. 53. G.
By which I knew the time now full. —Gal. 4. 4.

104 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Man lives not by bread only, but each word proceeding
from the mouth of God; who fed our fathers here
with manna. —Matt. 4. 14; Deut. 8. 3.
And forty days Elijah, without food. —1 Kings 19. 8.
He proposed to draw the proud king Ahab into fraud.
—1 Kings 22. 19.
To be a liar in four hundred mouths. —1 Kings 22. 6.
Vouchsafed his voice to Balaam reprobate. —Num. 22. 28.
BOOK II
The great Thisbite, who on fiery wheels rode up to
heaven. —2 Kings 2. 11.
But went about his Father's business. —Luke 2. 49.
My heart hath been a storehouse long of things and
sayings laid up. —Luke 2. 19, 51.
Command a table in this wilderness. —Psa. 78. 19.
BOOK III
Zeal of thy father's house. —Psa. 69. 9 ; John 2. 17.
As he who, seeking asses, found a kingdom. —1 Sam. 9. 20, 21.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 105
When thou stoodst up his tempter. —1 Chron. 21. 1.
BOOK IV
King of kings, God over all supreme.
—1 Tim. 6. 15 ; Rom. 9. 5.
Many books, wise men have said, are wearisome.
—Eccl. 12. 12.
Our Hebrew songs and harps, in Babylon. —Psa. 137. 1.
There, on the highest pinnacle, he set the Son of God.
—Luke 4. 9.
His snares are broke. —Psa. 124. 7.
In all her gates Abaddon rues thy bold attempt.
—Matt. 16. 18.
Yelling they shall fly, and beg to hide them in a herd
of swine. —Matt. 8. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32; Rev. 20. 1, 2, 3.
Samson Agonistes
Having made a study of Milton's use of the Bible
in his longer poems the student should now read Sam
son Agonistes. He should verify the quotations and
allusions as he meets them, and finally write down in
essay form the parts of the poem which are not based
upon the narrative in Judges.
See "Topics for Extended Study," Chapter XXIV,
with reference to Comus and II Penseroso.

CHAPTER XV
THE BIBLE IN POETRY— CONTINUED
Walter Scott
Lay of the Last Minstrel
Hymn for the Dead
That day of wrath, that dreadful day.
When heaven and earth shall pass away.
What power shall be the sinner's stay!
How shall he meet that dreadful day.
When, shriveling like a parched scroll,
The flaming heavens together roll;
When louder yet, and yet more dread.
Swells the high trump that wakes the dead !
O ! on that day, that wrathful day.
When man to judgment wakes from clay.
Be thou the trembling sinner's stay.
Though heaven and earth shall pass away.
— Zeph. 1. 15, 16.
Marmion XXIII
On hills of Armenie hath been,
Where Noah's ark may yet be seen;
By that Red Sea, too, hath he trod.
Which parted at the prophet's rod ;
In Sinai's wilderness he saw
The Mount, where Israel heard the law,
'Mid thunder-dint, and flashing levin,
And shadows, mists, and darkness given.
Read the "Hymn to the Virgin," in The Lady of the
Lake. '
106

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 107
Lord Byron
The Destruction of Sennacherib

The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold.
And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold;
And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea,
When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee.
II
Like the leaves of the forest when summer is green,
That host with their banners at sunset were seen :
Like the leaves of the forest when autumn hath blown.
That host on the morrow lay withered and strown.
Ill
For the Angel of Death spread his wings on the blast.
And breathed in the face of the foe as he passed ;
And the eyes of the sleepers waxed deadly and chill,
And their hearts but once heaved, and for ever grew
still! IV
And there lay the steed with his nostril all wide,
But through it there rolled not the breath of his pride.
And the foam of his gasping lay white on the turf.
And cold as the spray of the rock beating surf.

And there lay the rider distorted and pale.
With the dew on his brow, and the rust on his mail.
And the tents were all silent, the banners alone.
The lances unltfted, the trumpet unblown.

108 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
VI
And the widows of Ashur are loud in their wail.
And the idols are broke in the temple of Baal;
And the might of the Gentile, unsmote by the sword,
Hath melted like snow in the glance of the Lord!
A Spirit Passed Before Me
From "Job"

A spirit passed before me: I beheld
The face of immortality unveiled —
Deep sleep came down on every eye save mine —
And there it stood, all formless — ^but divine:
Along my bones the creeping flesh did quake;
And as my damp hair stiffened, thus it spake :
II
"Is man more just than God? Is man more pure
Than He who deems even Seraphs insecure?
Creatures of clay — vain dwellers in the dust!
The moth survives you, and are ye more just?
Things of a day ! you wither ere the night,
Heedless and blind to Wisdom's wasted light!"
Robert Burns
As might be expected. Bums used the Bible some
what playfully at times, although he can hardly be
charged with irreverence. In "The Cotter's Saturday
Night" his references are most impressive.
Scotch Drink
Give him strong drink, until he wink.
That's sinking in despair;
An' liquor guid to fire his bluid,
That's prest wi' grief an' care;

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 109
There let him bouse, an' deep carouse
Wi' bumpers flowing o'er,
Till he forgets his loves or debts.
An' minds his griefs no more.
—Prov. 31. 6, 7.
Address to the Deil
Lang syne, in Eden's bonnie yard.
When youthfu' lovers first were pair'd,
An' all the soul of love they shar'd.
The raptur'd hour.
Sweet on the fragrant, flow'ry swaird,
In shady bow'r:
Then you, ye auld, snec-drawing dog!
Ye came to Paradise incog.
An' play'd on man a cursed brogue,
(Black be you fa!)
An' gied the infant warld a shog,
'Maist ruin'd a'.
D'ye mind that day, when in a bizz,
Wi' reekit duds, an' reestit gizz
Ye did present your smoutie phiz
'Mang better folk,
'An sklented on the man of Uzz
Your spitefu' joke?
An' how ye gat him i' your thrall
An' brak him out o' house an' hal',
While scabs an' blotches did him gall,
Wi' bitter claw.
An' lows'd his ill-tongu'd, wicked Scawl,
Wast warst ava?
The Cotter's Saturday Night
They never sought in vain that sought the Lord aright !

110 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
The priest-like father reads the sacred page.
How Abram was the friend of God on high;
Or Moses bade eternal warfare wage
With Amalek's ungracious progeny;
Or how the royal Bard did groaning lie
Beneath the stroke of Heaven's avenging ire ;
Or Job's pathetic plaint, and wailing cry ;
Or rapt Isaiah's wild, seraphic fire;
Or other holy seers that tune the sacred lyre.
Robert Browning
The complete study of the use of the Bible made by
Robert Browning would fill a volume. Indeed, this has
already been done. Miss Minnie Gresham Machen has
published a book of two hundred and ninety pages
with the title "The Bible in Browning." In this book
an especial study is made of the scripture references in
"The Ring and the Book," in which the author has
found over six hundred passages. Our purpose will
be served by carrying out the following suggestions :
1. Read "Saul" and note the parts which are based
directly on the narrative ; and the parts which the
poet has introduced.
2. "A Death in the Desert." This is not nearly so fine a
poem as "Saul," but it is based upon the last days
of one of the prominent New Testament charac
ters. It should be studied in a similar manner to
No. 1.
3. "Rabbi Ben Ezra." This poem is not based upon
the Bible, nor does it contain many scriptural
references. It is, however, most lofty in senti
ment and filled with the spirit of the New Testa
ment. Stanzas 26 and 32 contain obvious al
lusions to the Bible.
4. "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister." This is one of
Browning's obscure short poems. It is a master-

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 111
piece of character portrayal. By means of a
monologue an ill-tempered monk gives us a picture
of a brother monk of most admirable character,
and incidentally of himself. Study the poem
which follows and select the passages which come
directly from the Bible or indirectly from some
custom or theological viewpoint based upon the
Bible. Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister

Gr-r-r — there go, my heart's abhorrence!
Water your damned fiower-pots, do !
If hate killed men, Brother Lawrence,
God's blood, would not mine kill you!
What? your myrtle-bush wants trimming?
Oh, that rose has prior claims —
Needs its leaden vase filled brimming?
Hell dry you up with its flames !
II
At the meal we sit together:
Salve tibi! I must hear
Wise talk of the kind of weather.
Sort of season, time of year:
Not a plenteous cork-crop: scarcely
Dare we hope oak-galls, I doubt:
What's the Latin name for "parsley" ?
What's the Greek name for Swine's Snout?
Ill
Whew! We'll have our platter burnished.
Laid with care on our own shelf !
With a fire-new spoon we're furnished.
And a goblet for ourself.

112 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Rinsed like something sacrificial
Ere 'tis fit to touch our chaps —
Marked with L. for our initial!
(He-he! There his lily snaps!)
IV
Saint, forsooth ! While brown Dolores
Squats outside the Convent bank
With Sanchicha, telling stories.
Steeping tresses in the tank.
Blue-black, lustrous, thick like horse-hairs,
— Can't I see his dead eye glow.
Bright as 'twere a Barbary corsair's?
(That is, if he'd let it show!)

When he finishes refection.
Knife and fork he never lays
Cross-wise, to my recollection.
As do I, in Jesu's praise.
I the Trinity illustrate,
Drinking watered orange-pulp —
In three sips the Arian frustrate;
While he drains his at one gulp.
VI
Oh, those melons ! If he's able
We're to have a feast ! so nice !
One goes to the Abbot's table.
All of us get each a slice.
How go on your flowers? None double?
Not one fruit-sort can you spy?
Strange! — And I, too, at such trouble
Keep them close-nipped on the sly!

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 113
VII
There's a great text in Galatians,
Once you trip on it, entails
Twenty-nine distinct damnations.
One sure, if another fails:
If I trip him just a-dying.
Sure of heaven as sure can be.
Spin him round and send him flying
Off to hell, a Manichee? VIII
Or, my scrofulous French novel
On gray paper with blunt type!
Simply glance at it, you grovel
Hand and foot in Belial's gripe:
If I double down its pages
At the woful sixteenth print,
When he gathers his greengages.
Ope a sieve and slip it in't?
IX
Or, there's Satan ! — one might venture
Pledge one's soul to him, yet leave
Such a flaw in the indenture
As he'd miss till, past retrieve.
Blasted lay that rose-acacia
We're so proud of! Hy, Zy, Hine. . . .
'St. there's Vespers! Plena gratia
Ave, Virgo! Gr-r-r — ^you swine!
5. The study should identify various Scripture pas
sages from Browning's short poems. In the con
clusion of "By the Fireside" there are five lines
which contain three Scripture references, woven
together most artistically. Find the passage in

114 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
"Pippa Passes" where Luigi quotes directly from
the Bible. Find the passage in "One Word More"
which refers to the vision of God as seen by Moses,
Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu.
6. The titles of some of Browning's poems will make
an interesting study. Find the significance of
"Bells and Pomegranates," "Pisgah-Sights," "Re-
phan," "Cleon," and "Caliban Upon Setebos."
7. For those who have the time and inclination for a
further study of Browning's use of the Bible there
can be no better help' than Miss Machen's book, to
which reference has been made.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
The Seraphim
Tell the story of the poem and show its connection
with the biblical narrative.
Line

403.

Job 4. 18.

464.

Gen. 4. 15.

644.

Job 25. 6.

818.

Rom. 8. 22.

835.

Matt. 27. 40.

931.

Matt. 27. 46.

The Poet's Vow

Part 1, XII. Gen. 1. 10; Gen. 4. 10.
Part 2, XVI. John 11. 35.
The Virgin Mary to the Child Jesus
This contains many scriptural references.
The Measure
Find references to Isa. 40. 12 ; Psa. 80. 5.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 115
Aurora Leigh
Comment on appropriateness of quotations and al
lusions. Indicate whether they are direct or indirect.

Line

Book

1

1

Eccl. 12. 12

866

Rev. 21. 17

170

2

Exod. 15. 20

413

Gen. 16. 1

533

Matt. 4. 8
1
3
John 21. 18
1207
John 13. 25
1222
Matt. 26. 7
481
4
Luke 19. 17
714-716
Gen. 8. 4
239
5
Gen. 31. 10
289
1 Sam. 9. 3
554
Gen. 11. 7
820
Job 1. 7
214 ¦
6
2 Kings 5. 10
1274
Mark 16. 3
805
7
Num. 8. 4 ; Heb. 8. 5
821
Exod. 3. 4
1102
Luke 16. 24
1262
Psa. 147. 9
646
8
John 9. 6
794
Num. 22. 32
252
9
Num. 20. 28
738
John 12. 29
813
Gen. 1. 5
857
Psa. 18. 35
932
Josh. 6. 5
956
2 Pet. 3. 12
962
Rev. 21. 19
116 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
The following may be assigned as an optional exer-

cise:

Line

Book

767

1

1 Sam. 11. 1

1141

Gen. 1. 31
1145
Matt. 6. 13
277
2
Luke 16. 20
190
3
Exod. 19. 21
197
Exod. 14. 25
202
Exod. 15. 20
468
4
730
5
1205
The reader
1226
should find
148
these ref
308
erences
350
773
8
778
811
1144
CHAPTER XVI
THE BIBLE IN POETRY— CONTINUED
Tennyson
At the bottom of the page containing Timbuctoo we
find : "Be ye perfect even as your Father in heaven is
perfect."
Note the large number of biblical references in the
following : Aylmer's Field
Behold,
Your house is left unto you desolate!
Gash thyself, priest, and honor thy brute Baal,
And to thy worst self sacrifice thyself,
For with thy worst self hast thou clothed thy God.
Then came a Lord in no wise like to Baal.
The babe shall lead the lion.
Surely now
The wilderness shall blossom as the rose.
Crown thyself, worm, and worship thine own lusts! —
No coarse and blockish God of acreage
Stands at thy gate for thee to grovel to —
Thy God is far diffused in noble groves
And princely halls, and farms, and flowing lawns.
And heaps of living Gold that daily grow.
And title-scrolls and gorgeous heraldries.
In such a shape dost thou behold thy God.
Thou wilt not gash thy flesh for him; for thine
Fares richly, in fine linen, not a hair
Ruffled upon the scarfskin, even while
The deathless ruler of thy dying house
Is wounded to the death that cannot die ;
117

118 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
And though thou numberest with the followers
Of One who cried "Leave all and follow me."
Thee, therefore, with His light about thy feet.
Thee with His message ringing in thine ears.
Thee shall thy brother man, the Lord from Heaven,
Born of a village girl, carpenter's son.
Wonderful, Prince of peace, the Mighty God,
Count the more base idolater of the two ;
Crueller: as not passing thro' the fire
Bodies, but souls — thy children's — through the smoke,
The blight of low desires — darkening thine own
To thine own likeness ; or if one of these.
Thy better born unhappily from thee,
Should, as by miracle, grow straight and fair —
Friends, I was bid to speak of such a one
By those who most have cause to sorrow for her —
Fairer than Rachel by the palmy well.
Fairer than Ruth among the fields of corn.
Fair as the Angel that said "Hail" she seemed,
Who entering filled the house with sudden light.
In Memoriam
Strong Son of God, immortal Love,
Whom we, that have not seen thy face.
By faith, and faith alone, embrace.
Believing where we cannot prove.
Thou madest Death ; and lo, thy foot
Is on the skull which thou hadst made-
Thy roots are wrapt about the bones.
Lo, as a dove when up she springs
To bear thro' Heaven a tale of woe.
Some dolorous message knit below
The wild pulsation of her wings.
Like her I go; I cannot stay;
I leave this mortal ark behind.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 119
Athwart a plane of molten glass.
Treasuring the look it cannot find,
The words that are not heard again.
There sat the Shadow feared of man.
If all were good and fair we met,
This earth had been the Paradise
It never looked to human eyes
Since Adam left his garden yet.
And if that eye which watches guilt
And goodness, and hath power to see
Within the green the moldered tree.
Peace and good-will, to all mankind.
They do not die
Nor lose their mortal sympathy.
Nor change to us, although they change.
The light that shone when Hope was born.
When Lazarus left his charnel-cave.
And home to Mary's house returned,
Was this demanded — if he yearned
To hear her weeping by his grave?
She bathes the Saviour's feet
With costly spikenard and with tears.
And so the Word had breath, and wrought
With human hands the creed of creeds
In loveliness of perfect deeds.
How fares it with the happy dead?
The God within him light his face.
How pure at heart.
You tell me, doubt is Devil-born,

120 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
And Power was with him in the night.
As over Sinai's peaks of old,
While Israel made their gods of gold,
Although the trumpets blew so loud.
I felt the thews of Anakim,
The pulses of a Titan's heart.
Ring out the thousand wars of old.
Ring in the thousand years of peace.
Who shall fix her pillars?
Like Paul with beasts, I fought with Death.
Rise in the spiritual rock.
And one far-off divine event.
To which the whole creation moves.
Enoch Arden
No graver than as when some little cloud
Cut off the fiery highway of the sun.
—1 Kings 18. 44.
And yet for all your wisdom well know I
That I shall look upon your face no more.
—Acts 20. 25.
Under a palm tree. —Jud. 4. 5.
Hosanna in the highest. —Matt. 21. 8-15.
The Sun of Righteousness. —Mal. 4. 2.
Spoken with that, which being everywhere,
Lets none, who speaks with Him seem all alone.
—John 8. 29,

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 121
Cast all your cares on God; that anchor holds.
—1 Pet. 5. 7.
Is He not yonder in those uttermost
Parts of the morning? If I flee to these
Can I go from Him? And the sea is His,
The sea is His: He made it.
—Psa. 139. 9 ; Psa. 95. 5.
Locksley Hall
Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's
moon in Ajalon ! —Josh. 10. 12.
Godiva
And from a heart as rough as Esau's hand.
—Gen. 27. 11.
The Palace of Art
Compare this poem with Luke 12. 16-21, and make
biblical references in stanzas 51, 55, 57.
The Two Voices
A still small voice spake unto me,
"Thou art so full of misery,
Were it not better not to be?"
What is so wonderfully made.
Young Nature through five cycles ran,
And in the sixth she molded man.
"She gave him mind, the lordliest.
Proportion, and, above the rest.
Dominion in the head and breast."
Calling thyself a little lower
Than angels.

122 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Bore and forebore, and did not tire.
Like Stephen, an unquenched fire.
Though one should smite him on the cheek.
And on the mouth, he will not speak.
He may not do the thing he would.
The Princess
Not to answer. Madam, all those hard things
That Sheba came to ask of Solomon.
O Vashti, noble Vashti ! Summoned out
She kept her state, and left the drunken king
To brawl at Shushan underneath the palms.
They mind us of the time
When we made bricks in Egypt.
Couched behind a Judith, underneath
The head of Holofernes peeped and saw.
Girl after girl was called to trial.
In us true growth, in her a Jonah's gourd.
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
Till a clamor grew
As of a new-world Babel, woman-built.
Between a cymbal'd Miriam and a Jael.
Like that great dame of Lapidoth she sang,
"Our enemies have fall'n, have fall'n."
See how you stand
Stiff as Lot's wife.
Maud
Why do they prate of the blessings of Peace? we have
made them a curse.
Pickpockets, each hand lusting for all that is not
its own;

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 123
And lust of gain, in the spirit of Cain, is it better or
worse.
Than the heart of the citizen hissing in war on his
own hearthstone?
May make my heart as a millstone, set my face as a
flint.
Cheat and be cheated, and die: who knows? we are
ashes and dust.
Peace sitting under her olive, and slurring the days
gone by.
When only not all men lie.
It will never be broken by Maud, she has neither savor
nor salt.
Like the sultan of old in a garden of spice.
And ah for a man to rise in me.
That the man I am may cease to be!
And heaped the whole inherited sin
On that huge scapegoat of the race,
All, all upon the brother.
The gates of Heaven are closed, and she is gone.
An old song vexes my ear;
But that of Lamech is mine.
Courage, poor heart of stone !
But I heard it shouted at once from the top of the
bouse.

124 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
The May Queen — Conclusion
Find a quotation from Job.
Idyls of the King
When the Lord of all things made Himself
Naked of glory for His vestal change.
Lady Clara Vere de Vere
The gardener Adam and his wife
Smile at the claims of long descent.
The above selections are sufficient for illustrations of
the use of the Bible by Tennyson. Those who wish to
make a more extended study are referred to the work
of Miss Edna M. Robinson, Johns Hopkins University.
Her lists of passages follow.
The Two Voices
Line 1, 1 Kings 19. 12
2f, Job 2. 9
6, Psalms 139. 14
16-18, Genesis 1. 26
20f, Genesis 1. 26
20f, Psalms 8. 6
53, Job 14. 20
198f, Psalms 8. 5
212, Genesis 2. 8
219-225, Acts 7. 55
222, Acts 7. 57f
223, Acts 6. 15
224, Acts 7. 60
229, Genesis 3. 17-19
239, Ecclesiastes 5. 15
239, Job 1. 21
251, Luke 6. 29

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 125
256f, Job 14. 21
264, Psalms 103. 16
278, Revelation 1. 8
301-303, Romans 7. 18, 19, 23
303, Galatians 5. 17
358-360, Genesis 3
389, Genesis 6. 14
395-397, Job 3. 21
462, Philippians 4. 4
The Princess
Prologue 15, Numbers 21. 24
II, 76, Song of Solomon 4. 12
II, 123f, Hebrews 11. 9
II, 173, Acts 20. 29
II, 174, Numbers 6. 25
II, 324f, 1 Kings 10. 1
II, 328, 1 Kings 10. 1
II, 329, 1 Kings 4. 31
II, 330f, 1 Kings 10. 4f
III, 212-214, Esther 1. 12
III, 242-244, Proverbs 10. 1
III, 306, Genesis 1. 3
III, 309f, 1 Corinthians 13. 12
IV, 59, 466f, Genesis 11. 9
IV, 109f, Exodus 1. 14
IV, 113, Matthew 16. 18
IV, 122, Exodus 15. 20
IV, 207f, Apocrypha, Book of Judith
IV, 292, Jonah 4. 6
IV, 319, 2 Corinthians 3. 6
IV, 388, Luke 21. 18
IV, 484, Acts 7. 59f
V, 376, 1 Corinthians 5. 6f
V, 417, Exodus chapters 7-12
V, 444, Matthew 5. 22
V, 500, Exodus 15. 20

126 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
V, 500, Judges 4
VI, 16, Judges 5. 1
VI, 17, Isaiah 21. 9
VI, 17, Revelation 18. 2
VI, 17, Revelation 14. 8
VI, 224, Genesis 19. 26
VII, 74, Romans 8. 34
VII, 188, Song of Solomon 2. 15
VII, 244, 1 Corinthians 12. 13
VII, 312, John 9. 6
VII, 277, Genesis 2. 8
Conclusion, 115, Nehemiah 9. 6
In Memoriam
Proem, 1 Peter 1. 8
Proem, John 1. 3
Proem, Psalms 16. 10
Proem, Romans 8. 24
Proem, John 1. 5
Proem, Psalms 143. 2
Proem, Luke 17. 10
X, Matthew 26. 27
XII, Genesis 8. 8, 9
XV, Job 37. 18
XV, Revelation 4. 6
XV, Revelation 15. 2
XVIII, 2 Kings 4. 34
XXII and XXIII, Psalms 23. 4
XXIV, Genesis 3. 23
XXVI, Mark 11. 13, 20f
XXVIII, Luke 2. 14
XXX, 1 Thessalonians 4. 14
XXX, Luke 2. 9
XXXI, John 11
XXXII, John 11. 25
XXXII, John 12. 3
XXXVI, John 1. 14

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 127
XXXVII, 1 Corinthians 10. 16
XLIII, 1 Thessalonians 4. 13, 14
XLIV, Hebrews 1. 14 ; Matthew 18. 10
LII, 1 Peter 2. 22
LVI, Ecclesiastes 3. 21
LVI, 1 John 4. 8
LVI, Hebrews 6. 19
LXIX, John 19. 5
LXXVI, Job 38. 7, 9
LXXXIV, 1 Corinthians 15. 3
LXXXIV, Isaiah 36. 6
LXXXVII, 2 Corinthians 6. 16
LXXXVIII, Genesis 2. 8
XCV, Isaiah 28. 13
XCVI, Genesis 32. 24-29
XCVI, Exodus 32. 1-4
CIII, Deuteronomy, 2. 10
CVI, Revelation 20. 2-4
CVIII, Romans 10. 6-8
CXIV, Proverbs 9. 1
CXX, 1 Corinthians 15. 32
CXXIV (compare XCVI), Genesis 32. 29
CXXXI, 1 Corinthians 10. 4
CXXXI, 1 John 2. 17
CXXXI, Isaiah 29. 4
CXXXI, Mark 16. 20
CXXXI, 1 Corinthians 3. 9
CXXXI, Philippians 2. 13
CXXXI, Genesis 2. 8
CXXXI, Luke 23. 43
CXXXI, Isaiah 52. 8
CXXXI, 1 Corinthians 15. 24, 28
Mcmd
I, i, 21, Malachi 2. 2
I, i, 23, 1 John 3. 12
I, i, 31, Job 41. 24

128 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
I, i, 31, Isaiah 50. 7
I, i, 32, Genesis 3. 19
I, i, 33, 36, Micah 4. 4
I, i, 35, Psalms 116. 11
I, i, 45, Matthew 6. 24
I, i, 46, Matthew 6. 24
I, ii, 78, Matthew 5. 13
I, iv, 143, Song of Solomon 4. 16
I, iv, 152, 2 Timothy 3. 13
I, vi, 268, Ezekiel, 11. 19
I, X, 396f, Ephesians 4. 22, 24
I, xiii, 485, Leviticus 16. 21
I, xviii, 610, Revelation 21. 21
I, xviii, 613-616, Psalms 104. 16
I, xviii, 614, Song of Solomon 4. 16
I, xviii, 625ff, Genesis 2. 8
I, xviii, 625ff, Genesis 3. 18
II, i, 8, Genesis 2. 8
II, i, 34, Genesis 4. 10, 11
II, ii, 95, 96, Genesis 4. 23
II, iii, 132, 136, Ezekiel 11. 19
II, V, 285-288, Luke 12. 3
Shelley
Compare the following stanzas from Adonais, the one
containing references to Greek mythology and the
other to the Bible. Which makes the stronger appeal?
Grief made the young spring wild and she threw down
Her kindling buds, as if she autumn were.
Or they dead leaves ; since her delight is flown
For whom should she have waked the sullen year?
To Phoebus was not Hyacinth so dear.
Nor to himself Narcissus, as to both
Thou, Adonais: wan they stand and sere
Amid the faint companions of their youth
With dew all turned to tears, odor, to sighing ruth.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 129
Through wood and stream and field and hill and ocean
A quickening life from the earth's heart has burst
As it has ever done, with change and motion,
From the great morning of the world when first
God dawned on Chaos, in its stream immerst
The lamps of Heaven flash with a softer light ;
All baser things pant with life's sacred thirst,
Diffuse themselves, and spend in love's delight.
The beauty and the joy of their renewed might.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Hymn Before Sunrise
Ye living flowers that skirt the eternal forest.
—Psa. 148.
Find references to this Psalm throughout the poem.
Omar Khayyam
Now the New Year reviving old Desires,
The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires.
Where the White Hand of Moses on the Bough
Puts out, and Jesus from the ground suspires.
A Disputed Quatrain
Death's terrors spring from baseless fantasy.
Death yields the tree of immortality;
Since Jesus breathed new life into my soul
Eternal death has washed his hands of me.
Edgar Allan Poe
His Bible references are infrequent. He quotes
rather from classical literature.
The Coliseum
O spells more sure than e'er Judaean King,
Taught in the gardens of Gethsemane!

130 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
William Wordsworth
On the Seashore Near Calais
Listen ! The mighty Being is awake
And doth with his eternal motion make
A sound like thunder everlastingly.
Thou liest in Abraham's bosom all the year.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Evangeline
Wrestled the trees of the forest, as Jacob of old with
the angel.
As out of Abraham's tent young Ishmael wandered
with Hagar!
Rose on the ardor of prayer, like Elijah ascending to
heaven.
Veiled the light of his face, like the Prophet descending
from Sinai.
Like unto shipwrecked Paul on Melita's desolate sea
shore.
Hung their ladder of ropes aloft like the ladder of
Jacob.
As if a hand had appeared and written upon them
"Upharsin."
See that you bring us the Prodigal Son from his fasting
and famine.
Softly the words of the Lord : "The poor ye always have
with you."
As if life, like the Hebrew, with blood had besprinkled
its portals.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 131
The Courtship of Miles Standish
'Tis not good for a man to be alone, say the Scriptures.
Angels of light they seem, but are only delusions of
Satan.
Worshiping Astaroth blindly, and impious idols of
Baal.
Let not him that putteth his hand to the plough look
backwards.
He thought of David's transgression,
Bathsheba's beautiful face, and his friend in the front
of the battle!
Prayed in the silence of night to the Father who seeth
in secret.
Who believed in the smiting of Midianites and Philis
tines.
Like the spirit of God, moving visibly over the waters.
Spilt on the ground like water, can never be gathered
together.
Huge as Goliath of Gath, or the terrible Og, king of
Bashan.
Praise of the virtuous woman, as she is described in
the Proverbs —
How the heart of her husband doth safely trust in her
always.
How all the days of her life she will do him good, and
not evil.
How she seeketh the wool and the flax and worketh
with gladness.
How she layeth her hand to the spindle and holdeth
the distaff,

132 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
How she is not afraid of the snow for herself or her
household,
Knowing her household are clothed with the scarlet
cloth of her weaving!
Those whom the Lord hath united, let no man put them
asunder !
Simple and brief was the wedding, as that of Ruth and
of Boaz.
But to their eyes transfigured, it seemed as the Garden
of Eden,
Filled with the presence of God, whose voice was the
sound of the ocean.
Fresh with the youth of the world, and recalling Re
becca and Isaac.
The student should now read Longfellow's
"Christus," and identify the references. The poem is
a wonderfully true paraphrase of New Testament pas
sages. John Greenleap Whittier
Snow-Bound
"Take, eat," he said, "and be content ;
These fishes in my stead are sent
By Him who gave the tangled ram
To spare the child of Abraham."
The Lord's quick coming in the flesh.
And hope for all the language is.
That He remembereth we are dust!
The Eternal Goodness
I fain would touch
The robe that hath no seam.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 133
I hear our Lord's beatitudes
And prayer upon the cross.
The bruised reed He will not break.
But strengthen and sustain.
Our Master
We may not climb the heavenly steeps
To bring the Lord Christ down.
Nor holy bread, nor blood of grape.
The lineaments restore.
Who know with John his smile of love.
With Peter his rebuke.
The healing of his seamless dress
Is by our beds of pain ;
We touch him in life's throng and press,
And we are whole again.
Revisited
But to Him who gives us beauty for ashes.
And the oil of joy for mourning long.
Let thy hills give thanks, and all thy waters
Break into jubilant waves of song!
For though by the Master's feet untrodden,
Though never his word has stilled thy waves.
Where the rivers of God are full of water,
And full of sap are his healing trees!
James Russell Lowell __
Irene ^'iJ\V.V"-'^'' ^f tJ^

The garden of her sour still keepBttt^he
An Eden where the snptodM Siever euter. 'l' '^
fit*"*'

Siever euter. ,i»'^

134 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
No jealousy, no Levite pride
That passeth by upon the other side.
A Legend of Brittany
Grim-hearted world, that look'st with Levite eyes
On those poor fallen by too much faith in man.
Thou wilt not let her wash thy dainty feet
With such salt things as tears, or with rude hair
Dry them. A Chippewa Legend
Made bold by hunger, he was fain to glean
(More sick at heart than Ruth, and all alone)
After the harvest of the merciless wolf,
Grim Boaz, who, sharp-ribbed and gaunt, yet feared
A thing more wild and starving than himself.
Columbus
And find no spot in Judas, save that he.
Driving a duller bargain than he ought,
Saddled his guilt with too cheap precedent.
An Incident of the Fire at Hamburg
"Sing now and make your voices heard in hymns of
praise," cried he,
"As did the Israelites of old, safe walking through the
sea !" To the Future
Conquerors see with horror in their hands the .accnrsed
spear
That tore the meek One's side on Calvary.
The Present Crisis
. . . where to-day the martyr stands,
On the morrow crouches Judas with the silver in his
hands.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 135
An Indian-Summer Reverie
Where Memory
Wanders like gleaning Ruth; and as the sheaves
Of wheat and barley wavered in the eye
Of Boaz as the maiden's glow went by.
Extreme Unction
And the great Maker did not scorn
Out of himself to fashion me.
The Ghost-Seer
There walks Judas, he who sold
Yesterday his Lord for gold.
Ode
And, bright as Noah saw it, yet
For you the arching rainbow glows,
A sight in Paradise denied
To unfallen Adam and his bride.
To John G. Palfrey
Our brazen idol's feet of treacherous clay!
The Vision of Sir Launfal
Daily with souls that cringe and plot.
We Sinais climb and know it not.
'Tis only God may be had for the asking.
But he who gives but a slender mite.
An image of Him who died on the tree.
"Lo, it is I ; be not afraid !"
This crust is my body broken for thee.
This water his blood that died on the tree..

136 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
The Biglow Papers
A cross of striped pig an' one o' Jacob's lambs.
For Jacob warn't a suckemstance to Jeff at finan-
cierin' ;
He never'd thought o' borryin' from Esau like all nater.
We want some more o' Gideon's sword, I jedge.
He scatters roun' onscriptur'l views relatin' to Ones'-
mus.
It growed an' growed like Jonah's gourd.
It's a-foUerin' Moses 'thout losin' the flesh-pots.
Under the Willows
Finding out poison as the first men did
By tasting and then suffering.
An Invitation
As upon Adam, red like blood,
'Tween him and Eden's happy wood.
Glared the commissioned angel's shield.
The Wind-Harp
This scripture is sadder, — "the other left" !
Ode Recited at the Harvard Commemoration
Whether from Baal's stone obscene.
Or from the shrine serene
Of God's pure altar brought.
The Cathedral
Nor dare trust
The Rock of Ages to their chemic tests.
We can read Bethel on a pile of stones.
And, seeing where God has been, trust in Him.

THE BIBLE IN POETRY 137
Where every man's his own Melchisedek,
How make him reverent of a King of kings?
The Flying Dutchman
In the pulpit I've known of his preaching.
Out of hearing behind the time,
Some statement of Balaam's impeaching,
Giving Eve a due sense of her crime.
In the Half-Way House
We called it our Eden, that small patent-baker.
When life was half moonshine and half Mary Jane;
But the butcher, the baker, the candlestick-maker! —
Did Adam have duns and slip down a back-lane?
Nay, after the Fall did the modiste keep coming
With last styles of fig-leaf to Madam Eve's bower?
Did Jubal, or whoever taught the girls thrumming.
Make the patriarchs deaf at a dollar the hour?
At the Burns Centennial
Then rang a clear tone over all,
"One plea for him allow me:
I once heard call from him o'er me, 'Saul,
Why persecutest thou me?' "
"If not a sparrow fall, unless
The Father sees and knows it."
At the Commencement Dinner
Some poor stick requesting, like Aaron's, to bud.
The builders of Babel, to whose zeal the lungs
Of the children of men owe confusion of tongues.

CHAPTER XVII
THE BIBLE IN ORATORY
In no other field of literary effort is the Bible more
frequently drawn upon for purposes of illustration
than in public speech. Lack of knowledge of the Bible
on the part of speakers and hearers has con,sid-
erably diminished this custom in recent years. Its use
was especially noticeable during the Civil War and Re
construction periods. The selections which follow
are typical ones. The student should be familiar with
the use of the passage by the speaker and its setting
in the Bible:
Patrick Henry: Gentlemen may cry Peace, Peace
— but there is no peace. Jer. 6. 14. Speech on War
with Great Britain.
William J. Bryan: You shall not press down upon
the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not
crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. Matt. 27. 29.
On the Democratic Platform in the Convention of 1896.
Edmund Burke: What to us is the empire of the
world, if we lose our own liberties? Mark 8. 36.
So far shalt thou go, and no farther. Job 38. 11.
Reference to the treatment of the colonies.
After this globe is burned to ashes. 2 Pet. 3. 10.
Impeachment of Warren Hastings.
Matthew Arnold: Though thy people Israel be as
the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them shall re
turn. Gen. 32. 12; Isa. 10. 21. Lecture in Boston on
"The Majority and the Remnant." 138

THE BIBLE IN ORATORY 139
Henry Ward Beecher: He is like Moses, looking over
the promised land. Deut. 3. 27. Lecture on "The
Reign of the Common People," referring to the lure
of riches.
Henry Waiter son: There were giants in those days.
Gen. 6. 4. Address on "Abraham Lincoln."
Senator G. F. Hoar: I myself have seen bitterness.
But now — thy people shall be my people, and thy God
my God. Ruth 1. 16. After speeches by Southern
orators regarding the condition of their country.
The practical statesmanship of the Declaration of
Independence and the Golden Rule would have cost
nothing but a few kind words. Matt. 7. 12. On the
Subjugation of the Philippines.
Miscellaneous statements referring to Belgium's
patriotism in the Great War:
Belgium's mighty neighbor coveted her vineyard.
1 Kings 21. 2.
David bravely faced Goliath. 1 Sam. 17. 48.
Germany promised bread; she gave a stone. Matt.
7. 9.
Belgium has been nailed to the cross for the welfare
of civilization. Let us not wait until she cries, "It is
finished." John 19, 18, and 30.
Lucius Q. C. Lamar: Know one another and you will
love one another. 1 Pet. 1. 22. On the death of Charles
Sumner. Robert G. Ingersoll: From the voiceless lips of the
unreplying dead there comes no word ; but in the night
of death hope sees a star, and listening love can hear
the rustle of a wing. Num. 24. 17. Oration at his
brother's grave.

140 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Roscoe Conkling: You have tried him. and by his
work have known him. Matt. 7. 20. Speech nominat
ing U. S. Grant.
James A. Garfield: The Babel of confusion. Gen,
11. 9.
The stars in their courses will fight for us. Judg.
5.20. One half of the press crying, "Crucify him!" John
19. 6. Oration nominating John Sherman.
"Clouds and darkness are round about him: right
eousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne.
Fellow citizens, God reigns and the government at
Washington still lives." Psa. 97. 2. Speech in con
nection with the draft riots.
James G. Blaine: He trod the winepress alone. Isa.
63. 3. On the death of Garfield.
Grover Cleveland: It is God's will. 1 Thess. 5. 18.
On the death of McKinley.
Benjamin F. Butler: When I was a child I spake as
a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child:
but when I became a man, I put away childish things.
1 Cor. 13. 11. Referring to the publication of a trans
lation of Virgil by his political opponent, Mr. John D.
Long. All that a man hath will he give for his life. Job
2. 4. Butler stated that this came from the highest
authority in the universe. His opponent replied that
he was glad to know at last whom Ben Butler regarded
as the highest authority in the universe.
Henry W. Grady: Surely God, who had stripped
him of his property, inspired him in his adversity.

THE BIBLE IN ORATORY 141
Job 1. 21. Address before the New England Society
on "The Old South and the New."
John Hay: The sayings of celestial wisdom have no
date; the words that reach us, over two hundred years
out of the darkest hour of gloom the world has ever
known, are true to life to-day: They know not what
they do. Luke 23. 34.
He would select a few pointed facts, and, blow upon
blow, would hammer them into the attention of great
assemblages, as Jael drove the nail into the head of
the Canaanite captain. Judg. 4. 21.
Quit you like men ; be strong. 1 Cor. 16. 13.
His will, not ours, be done. Matt. 26. 42. On the
death of McKinley.
Theodore Roosevelt: Much has been given to us, and
much will rightfully be expected from us. Luke 12. 48.
First inaugural address.
Her husband and her children . . . shall rise up and
call her blessed. Prov. 31. 28. On "American Mother
hood." Read Roosevelt's address "On Reading the Bible,"
Modern Eloquence, Vol. XV.
Robert Y. Hayne: The foxes have holes, and the birds
of the air have nests, but the Son of Man hath not where
to lay his head. Matt. 8. 20. Debate with Webster.
Referring to the condition of the blacks in the North.
"There is a spirit, which, like the father of evil, is
constantly walking to and fro about the earth seeking
whom it may devour." 1 Pet. 5. 8. Ibid. The failure
of the North to attend to its own business.
Alexander H. Stephens: Well, then, we say, as the
patriarch of old said to his friend and kinsman, when

142 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
disputes arose between the herdsmen of their cattle:
"Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and
thee, and between my herdmen and thy herdmen, for
we are brethren. Is not the whole land before thee?
Separate thyself, I pray thee, from me. If thou wilt
take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or, if
thou depart to the right hand then I will go to the left."
Gen. 13. 8-9. Speech in the House of Representatives,
The South and the Public Domain.
Rufus Choate: There is another eloquence — such as
that in which the leader of Israel in the first days holds
up to the uew nation the Land of Promise. Deut. 33.
27. Eulogy of Daniel Webster.
John Brown: Remember them that are in bonds, as
bound with them. Heb. 13. 3. Speech at his trial.
William L. Yancey: They ought to be strung upon a
political gallows higher than that ever erected for Ha
man. Esther 7. 10. Speech in the Charleston Conven
tion, referring to leaders of a faction of the Demo
cratic party. Woodrow Wilson says that Yancey made
the election of Douglas impossible, and thus caused
the election of Lincoln.
Abraham Lincoln: A house divided against itself
cannot stand. Matt. 12. 25. Address delivered at the
Republican State Convention at Springfield. The
speech was named from this passage.
A living dog is better than a dead lion. Eccl. 9. 4.
Ibid. Reference to Stephen A. Douglas.
Thus saith the Lord. 2 Kings 20. 5, etc. Ibid. Re
ferring to Douglas's belief in the binding force of de
cisions. Shall have a new birth. John 3. 7. The Gettysburg
address.

THE BIBLE IN ORATORY 143
Woe unto the world because of offenses! Woe to
that man by whom the offense cometh. Matt. 18. 7.
Second inaugural address.
Phillips Brooks: It is the great boon of such char
acters as Mr. Lincoln's that they reunite what God
has joined together and man has put asunder. Matt.
19. 6. Funeral oration on Abraham Lincoln.
William M. Thackeray: To wipe every tear from
every eye. Rev. 21. 4. On "Charity and Humor."
From a eulogy of Dickens.
John Bright: It is true we have not, as an ancient
people had, Urim and Thummim — those oracular gems
on Aaron's breast. Lev. 8. 8. On England's foreign
policy. Referring to England's experience in funda
mental principles of morality.
John Milton: Rise, Peter; kill and eat. Acts 10. 13.
A plea for freedom of choice in reading.
Sir Harry Vane: I have otherwise learned Christ,
than to fear them that can but kill the body, and have
no more that they can do. Eph. 4. 20; Matt. 10. 28.
Delivered at his trial for treason.
Richard Rumbold: It was Nimrod's pride in build
ing Babel that caused that heavy curse of division of
tongues to be spread among us. Gen. 10. 9-10; 11. 9.
Speech on the scaffold by a Cromwell soldier.
Woodrow Wilson: Their thought is not our thought.
Isa. 55. 8. A political address.
Anson Burlingame: Smote him as Cain smote his
brother. Gen. 4. 8. On Brooks's assault upon Sumner.
Charles Sumner: Is thy servant a dog that he should
do this thing? 2 Kings 8. 13. A reply to a Southern
senator who asked him if he would assist in returning

144 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
a fugitive slave. Note the significance of the word
"dog." William Lloyd Garrison: Then shall thy light break
forth as the morning, and thy darkness shall be as the
noonday. Psa. 37. 6.
And they that shall be of thee shall build the old
waste places; thou shalt raise up the foundations of
many generations; and thou shalt be called. The re
pairer of the breach. The restorer of paths to dwell in.
Isa. 58. 12.
How can two walk together except they be agreed?
Amos 3. 3.
What concord hath Christ with Belial? 2 Cor. 6. 15.
On the death of John Brown.
John Hancock: Let us humbly commit our right
eous cause to the great Lord of the universe, who loveth
righteousness and hateth iniquity. Psa. 45. 7.
Although the fig-tree shall not blossom, neither shall
fruit be in the vines; the labor of the olive shall fail,
and the field shall yield no meat ; the flock shall be cut
off from the fold, and there shall be no herd in the
stalls : yet we will rejoice in the Lord, we will joy in
the God of our salvation. Hab. 3. 17-18. Speech on
the Boston Massacre.
Chauncey M. Depeio: The Wise Men traveled from
the east toward the west under the guidance of the Star
of Bethlehem. Matt. 2. 1, 2. The Columbian Oration.
William M. Evarts: One generation passeth away
and another generation cometh, but the earth abideth
forever. Eccl. 1. 4. "What the Age Owes to America,"
July 4, 1876. Centennial Oration.
Louis Kossuth: Liberty restricted to one nation

THE BIBLE IN ORATORY 145
never can be sure. You may say, "We are the prophets
of God," but you shall not say, "God is only our God."
The Jews have said so, and the pride of Jerusalem lies
in the dust. Our Saviour taught all humanity to say,
"Our Father in heaven"; and his Jerusalem is lasting
to the end of days. Matt. 6. 9. A plea for universal
liberty, delivered in Faneuil Hall, Boston, 1852.
Champ Clark: Read his address "On the Annexation
of Hawaii," Modern Eloquence, Vol. XII. Note refer
ences to Babel, Moses, Abraham and Lot, Jacob, and
Samson and Delilah.

CHAPTER XVIII
THE BIBLE IN THE ESSAY
Although the Bible is quoted freely by leading
English and American essayists, it is not found with
the frequency that is characteristic of poetry and ora
tory. The following passages should be studied and the
list extended from the student's further reading.
Francis Bacon
What is truth? said jesting Pilate, and would not
stay for an answer.
It being foretold, that when Christ cometh, he shall
not find faith upon the earth.
Et conversus Deus, ut aspiceret opera quae fecerunt
manus suae, vidit quod omnia esseut bona nimis; and
then the Sabbath.
To respect persons is not good; for such a man will
transgress for a piece of bread.
A certain rabbin, upon the text, Your young men
shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams,
inferreth that young men are admitted nearer to God
than old.
God Almighty first planted a garden.
Charles Lamb
Whether it be that, in which the psalmist, weary of
the persecutions of bad men, wisheth to himself dove's
wings — or that other, which, with a like measure of
sobriety and pathos, inquireth by what means the
young man shall best cleanse his mind.
146

THE BIBLE IN THE ESSAY 147
Prince of plasterers at Babel.
He cannot conquer the Shibboleth. How it breaks
out, when he sings, "The Children of Israel passed
through the Red Sea!"
To the temperate fantasies of the famished Son of
God, what sort of feasts presented themselves?
Defoe
Moses was a merciful meek man ; and yet with what
fury did he run through the camp, and cut the throats
of three and thirty thousand of his dear Israelites that
were fallen into idolatry! Thomas Carlyle
Sartor Resartus
Wits spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind of
Melchizedek, without father or mother of any kind.
This had the Everlasting No (das Ewige Nein)
pealed authoritatively through all the recesses of my
Being, of my Me ; and then was it that my whole Me
stood up, in native God-created majesty, and with em
phasis recorded its Protest. Such a Protest, the most
important transaction in Life, may that same Indigna
tion and Defiance, in a psychological point of view, be
fitly called. The Everlasting No had said : "Behold,
thou art fatherless, outcast, and the Universe is mine
(the Devil's) ;" to which my whole Me now made an
swer: "I am not thine, but Free, and for ever hate
thee!" It is from this hour that I date my Spiritual New-
birth, or Baphometic Fire-baptism; perhaps I directly
thereupon began to be a Man.
There is in man a Higher than Love of Happiness:
he can do without happiness, and instead thereof find

148 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Blessedness. Was it not to preach forth this same
Higher that sages and martyrs, the Poet and the Priest,
in all times, have spoken and suffered, bearing testi
mony, through life and through death, of the Godlike
that is in Man, and how in the Godlike only has he
Strength and Freedom? Which God-inspired doctrine
art thou too honored to be taught; O Heavens! and
broken with manifold merciful Afflictions, even till
thou become contrite, and learn it! O thank thy Des
tiny for these; thankfully bear what yet remain : thou
hadst need of them : the Self in thee needed to be anni
hilated. By benignant fever-paroxysms is Life rooting
out the deep-seated chronic Disease, and triumphs over
Death. On the roaring billows of Time, thou art not
engulphed, but borne aloft in the azure of Eternity.
Love not Pleasure; love God. This is the Everlasting
Yea, wherein all contradiction is solved ; wherein whoso
walks and works, it is well with him."
These passages, the Everlasting Nay and the Ever
lasting Yea, are quoted for the spirit of the Bible they
possess, rather than for direct references.
"To me nothing seems more natural than that the
Son of Man, when such God-given mandate first pro
phetically stirs within him, and the Clay must now be
vanquished or vanquish — should be carried of the spirit
into grim Solitudes, and there fronting the Tempter
do grimmest battle with him ; defiantly setting him at
naught, till he yield and fly. Name it as we choose;
with or without visible Devil, whether in the natural
Desert of rocks, and sands, or in the populous moral
Desert of selfishness and baseness — to such Temptation
are we all called." Heroes and Hero Worship
He who, in any way, shows us better than we knew
before that a lily of the fields is, beautiful, does he not

THE BIBLE IN THE ESSAY 149
show it us as an effluence of the Fountain of all Beauty ;
as the handwriting, made visible there, of the great
Maker of the Universe? He has sung for us, made us
sing with him, a little verse of a sacred Psalm. Es
sentially so. How much more he who sings, who says,
or in any way brings home to our heart the noble do
ings, feelings, darings, and endurances of a brother
man. He has verily touched our hearts as with a live
coal from the altar. Perhaps there is no worship more
authentic. Past and Present
When a Nation is unhappy, the old Prophet was right
and not wrong in saying to it : Ye have forgotten God,
ye have quitted the ways of God, or ye would not have
been unhappy. It is not according to the laws of Pact
that ye have lived and guided yourselves, but accord
ing to the laws of Delusion, Imposture, and willful and
unwillful Mistake of Fact;, beh old therefore the Un-
veracity is worn out; Nature's long-suffering with you
is exhausted; and ye are here!
These be thy gods, O Israel ? And thou art so willing
to worship, — ^poor Israel!
"My starving workers ?" answers the rich mill-owner :
"Did I not hire them fairly in the market? Did I not
pay them, to the last sixpence, the sum covenanted for?
What have I to do with them more? — Verily Mammon-
worship is a melancholy creed. When Cain, for his
own behoof, had killed Abel, and was questioned,
'Where is thy brother?' he too made answer. Am I my
brother's keeper ? Did I not pay my brother his wages,
the thing he had merited from me?"
Ralph W. Emerson
The Poet
When John saw, in the apocalypse, the ruin of the

150 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
world through evil, and the stars fall from heaven,
as the fig-tree casteth her untimely fruit.
John Ruskin
The Two Boyhoods
"Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe." The
word is spoken in our ears continually to other reapers
than the angels — to the busy skeletons that never tire
for stooping. When the measure of iniquity is full, and
it seems that another day might bring repentance and
redemption — "Put ye in the sickle." When the young
life has been wasted all away, and the eyes are just
opening upon the tracks of ruin, and faint resolutions
rising in the heart for nobler things — "Put ye in the
sickle." Time and Tide
I happened to be reading this morning (29th March)
some portions of the Lent services, and I came to a
pause over the familiar words, "And with Him they
crucified two thieves." Have you ever considered (I
speak to you now as a professing Christian) why, in
the accomplishment of the "numbering among trans
gressors," the transgressors chosen should have been
especially thieves — not murderers, nor, as far as we
know, sinners by any gross violence? 'Do you observe
how the sin of theft is again and again indicated as the
chiefly antagonistic one to the law of Christ? "This he
said, not that he cared for the poor, but because he was
a thief, and had the bag" (of Judas). And again,
though Barabbas was a leader of sedition and a mur
derer besides — (that the popular election might be in
all respects perfect) — ^yet Saint John, in curt and con
clusive account of him, fastens again on the theft.
"Then cried they all again saying, Not this man, but
Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber."

CHAPTER XIX
THE BIBLE IN THE NOVEL
Many of our best English novels contain references
to the Bible. The selections here given represent for
the most part scenes of considerable dramatic power.
Charles Dickens
A Tale of Two Cities
She kisses his lips; he kisses hers; they solemnly
bless each other. The spare hand does not tremble as
he releases it ; nothing worse than a sweet, bright con
stancy is in the patient face. She goes next before him
— is gone ; the knitting women count twenty-two.
"I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord;
he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall
he live : and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall
never die."
The murmuring of many voices, the upturning of
many faces, the pressing on of many footsteps in the
outskirts of the crowd, so that it swells forward in a
mass, like one great heave of water, all flashes away.
Twenty-three. John 11. 25.
Walter Scott
The Heart of Mid-Lothian
All marked and were moved by these changes, except
ing one. It was old Deans, who, motionless in his seat,
and concealed, as we have said, by the corner of the
bench, from seeing or being seen, did nevertheless keep
his eyes firmly fixed on the ground, as if determined
151

152 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
that, by no possibility whatever, would he be an ocular
witness of the shame of his house.
"Ichabod!" he said to himself — "Ichabod! my glory
is departed." 1 Sam. 4. 21.
William M. Thackeray
The Newcomes
At the usual evening hour the chapel bell began to
toll, and Thomas Newcome's hands outside the bed
feebly beat time. And just as the last bell struck, a
peculiar sweet smile shone over his face, and he lifted
up his head a little, and quickly said, "Adsum!" and
fell back. It was the word we used at school, when
names were called ; and lo, he, whose heart was as that
of a little child, had answered to his name, and stood
in the presence of The Master. Matt. 18. 3.
Pendennis
As they were talking the clock struck nine, and
Helen reminded him how, when he was a little boy, she
used to go to his bedroom at that hour, and hear him
say Our Father, and once more, oh, once more, the
young man fell down at his mother's sacred knees, and
sobbed out the prayer which the Divine Tenderness
uttered for us, and which has been echoed for twenty
ages since by millions of sinful and humbled men. And
as he spoke the last words of supplication, the mother's
head fell down on her boy's, and her arms closed around
him, and together they repeated the words "forever and
ever" and "Amen." Matt. 6. 9-13.
Vanity Fair
That night Amelia made the boy read the story of
Samuel to her, and how Hannah, his mother, having
weaned him, brought him to Eli the High Priest to min-

THE BIBLE IN THE NOVEL 153
ister before the Lord. And he read the song of grati
tude which Hannah sang: and which says, who it is
who maketh poor and maketh rich, and bringeth low
and exalteth — how the poor shall be raised up out of the
dust and how, in his own might, no man shall be strong.
Then he read how Samuel's mother made him a little
coat, and brought it to him from year to year when she
came up to offer the yearly sacrifice. And then, in her
sweet simple way, George's mother made commentaries
to the boy upon this affecting story. 1 Sam. 2. 19.
Robert L. Stevenson
Treasure Island
It was a round spot about the size of a crown piece.
One side was blank, for it had been the last leaf; the
other contained a verse or two of Revelation — these
words among the rest, which struck sharply home upon
my mind : "Without our dogs and murderers." The
printed side had been blackened with wood ash, which
already began to come off and soil my fingers; on the
blank side had been written with the same material
the one word "Deposed." Rev. 22. 15.
William Allen White
A Certain Rich Man
The gaunt old woman stretched out her hands and
cried: "Oh, John Barclay, prove your god. Tell him
to come and give you a moment's happiness — set him
to work to restore your good name; command him to
make Jeanette happy. These things my God can do!
Let your mammon," she cried with all the passion of
her soul, "let your mammon come down and do one
single miracle like that." Her voice broke and she
sobbed. "What a tower of Babel you are building,
John — ^you and your kith and kind ! The last century

154 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
gave us Schopenhauers and Kants, all denying God,
and this one gives us Railroad Kings, all by their
works proclaiming that mammon has the power and
the glory and the Kingdom: ye workers of iniquity!"
She cried, and her voice lifted, "ye wicked and per
verse." And as John Barclay let his soul rise with the swell
ing music, he felt the solace of a great peace in his
heart; he turned his wet face upward and cried, "Oh,
mother, mother; I feel like a child!" Then Mary Bar
clay knew that her own had let Him in, knew in her
own heart all the joy there is in heaven over one sinner
that repenteth. Luke 16. 13 ; Gen. 11. 1-9 ; Matt. 7. 23 ;
Matt. 17. 17; Luke 15. 7.
Victor Hugo
Les Miserables
I perceive that I shock you. You think it very arro
gant in a poor priest to ride an animal that was used
by Jesus Christ. I have done so from necessity, I as
sure you, and not from vanity. Matt. 21. 5.
Ecclesiastes calls you the All-powerful ; the Macca
bees call you the Creator; the Epistle to the Ephesians
calls you Liberty; Baruch calls you Immensity; The
Psalms calls you Wisdom and Truth; John calls
you Light; the Books of Kings call you Lord;
Exodus calls you Providence; Leviticus, Sanctity;
Esdras, Justice; the creation calls you God; man
calls you Father; but Solomon calls you Compassion,
and that is the most beautiful of all your names. 1
Kings 8. 50.
Questioned in regard to leaving his house un
guarded, the Bishop replied, "Unless the Lord guard the
house, in vain do they watch who guard it." Psa. 127. 1.

THE BIBLE IN THE NOVEL 155
Dialog with the Member of the Convention :
Ah, Monsieur Priest, you love not the crudities of
the truth. Christ loved them. His scourge full of light
nings was a harsh speaker of truths. When he cried,
Sineto Parvulos, he made no distinction between the
little children. It would not have embarrassed him to
bring together the Dauphin of Barabbos and the Dau
phin of Herod. Innocence, Monsieur, is its own crown.
Innocence has no need to be a highness. It is as august
in rags as in fleurs de lys. . . .
The Bishop hung his head and replied, Vermis sum —
1 am a worm. Mark 10. 14 ; Job 25. 6.
He did not attempt to impart to his chausable the
folds of Elijah's mantle. 2 Kings 2. 8.
Hall Cainb
The Eternal City
I came here to see Mary Magdalene and I find the
soul of the Mother of God herself.
George Eliot
Adam Bede, Romola
These are full of religious discussions but contain
very few direct quotations from the Bible.
Walter Scott
Ivanhoe, Rebecca's Hymn
Exod. 33. 9.
Exod. 15. 20.
John 5. 35.
Psa. 137. 2.
Psa. 51. 17.

156 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
James Lane Allen
The Choir Invisible
"I shall go softly all my days." Said by Mrs. Fal
coner when twice disappointed in love affairs. Isa.
38. 15.

CHAPTER XX
THE SONGS OF THE BIBLE
In this chapter are collected the songs which occur
in the first eight books of the Bible. They are taken
from Geden's "Introduction to the Hebrew Bible." The
longer songs, like the Song of Solomon and the various
Psalms, are treated by themselves. The beautiful songs
in connection with the annunciation deserve careful
study. Other songs have been discussed in connection
with the narratives.
The chief songs or poetical extracts, contained in
the first eight books of the Bible:
(1) Gen. 4. 23, 24. Song of Lamech.
(2) Gen. 9. 24-27. Noah's Curse on Canaan, and
Blessing on Japheth.
(3) Gen. 27. 27-29. Isaac's Blessing of Jacob.
(4) Gen. 27. 39, 40. Isaac's Blessing of Esau.
(5) Gen. 49. 2-27. Jacob's Prophecy of the Future of
his Sons.
(6) Exod. 15. 1-18, 21. Song at the Red Sea of Moses
and the Children of Israel, and of Miriam.
(7) Exod. 20. 2-17. The Ten Words. Compare Deut.
5. 6-21.
(8) Num. 10. 35, 36. Words for the Taking up and
Setting down of the Ark.
(9) Num. 21. 14, 15. Song of the Valley.
(10) Num. 21. 17, 18. Song of the Well.
(11) Num. 21. 27-30. Satire on the Fall of Heshbon.
(12) Num. 23. 7-10, 18-24; 24. 3-9, 15-24. Oracles of
Balaam, the Son of Beor.
(13) Deut. 27. 15-26. Curses of the Law.
(14) Deut. 32. 1-43. Song of Moses.
157

158 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
(15) Deut. 33. 2-29. Blessing of Moses.
(16) Josh. 10. 12, 13. Adjuration of Sun and Moon at
Gibeon and the Valley of Aijalon.
(17) Judg. 5. Song of Deborah and Barak.
(18) Judg. 9. 8-15. Jotham's Fable of the Trees and
their King.
(19) Judg. 14. 14, 18; 15. 16. Samson's Riddle and
Sayings.
(20) 1 Sam. 2. 1-10. Hannah's Prayer.
(21) 1 Sam. 18. 7; 21. 11. Celebration by the Women
of David's Prowess.
(22) 2 Sam. 1. 19-27. David's Lament over Saul and
Jonathan. Song of the Bow.
(23) 2 Sam. 3. 33, 34. Elegy on the Death of Abner.
(24) 2 Sam. 22. David's Song of Deliverance; com
pare Psa. 18.
(25) 2 Sam. 23. 1-7. Last Words of David.
The oldest recorded song and perhaps the oldest
verse in the Bible is the Song of Lamech, Gen. 4. 23-24 :
Adah and Zillah, hear my voice;
Ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech ;
For I have slain a man to my wounding.
And a young man to my hurt.
If Cain shall be avenged sevenfold,
Truly Lamech seventy and sevenfold.
This song has been variously interpreted.
a. Cain, a homicide, was preserved. Lamech, au
unintentional homicide, would surely be preserved.
b. A boastful song.
For I slay a man if he woundeth me.
Even a young man if he hurteth me.
c. Lamech took a young man with him on a hunting
expedition to assist him in pointing his arrows. In
advertently an arrow was pointed at a thicket in which

THE SONGS OP THE BIBLE 159
Cain was hiding and Cain was slain. Lamech then
shot the youth in his anger.
d. An example of parallelism. (See chapter 23.)
Only one was slain and the repetition was for emphasis.
The song tells of the power of weapons and compares
the vengeance which comes with their use with the
lesser vengeance of Cain.
The songs of Miriam and Deborah and Barak are
taken from Moulton's The Literary Study of the Bible.
Song of Moses and Miriam
Prelude
MEN AND women
I will sing unto the Lord, for he hath triumphed
gloriously ;
The horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.
The Lord is my strength and song,
And he is become my salvation :
This is my God, and I will praise him ;
My father's God, and I will exalt him.
I
MEN
The Lord is a man of war;
The Lord is his name.
Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath he cast into the
sea:
And his chosen captains are sunk in the Red Sea.
The deeps cover them :
They went down into the depths like a stone.
WOMEN
Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously ;
The horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.

160 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
II
men
Thy right hand, O Lord, is glorious in power.
Thy right hand, O Lord, dasheth in pieces the enemy,
And in the greatness of thine excellency thou over-
throwest them that rise up against thee:
Thou sendest forth thy wrath, it consumeth them
as stubble.
And with the blast of thy nostrils the waters were
piled up.
The floods stood upright as an heap ;
The deeps were congealed in the heart of the sea.
The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will
divide the spoil:
My lust shall be satisfied upon them ;
1 will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them.
Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them:
They sank as lead in the mighty waters.
women
Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously ;
The horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.
Ill
MEN
Who is like unto thee, O Lord, among the gods?
Who is like thee, glorious in holiness.
Fearful in praises, doing wonders?
Thou stretchedst out thy right hand.
The earth swallowed them.
Thou in thy mercy hast led the people which thou
hast redeemed,
Thou hast guided them in thy strength to thy holy
habitation.

THE SONGS OP THE BIBLE 161
The peoples have heard, they tremble:
Pangs have taken hold on the inhabitants of Philis
tia.
Then were the dukes of Edom amazed ;
The mighty men of Moab, trembling taketh hold
upon them:
All the inhabitants of Canaan are melted away.
Terror and dread faileth upon them;
By the greatness of thine arm they are as still as a
stone ;
Till thy people pass over, 0 Lord,
Till the people pass over, which thou hast purchased.
Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the moun
tain of thine inheritance.
The place, O Lord, which thou hast made for thee to
dwell in.
The sanctuary, O Lord, which thy hands have es
tablished.
The Lord shall reign for ever and ever.
WOMEN
Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously ;
The horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.
Song of Deborah and Barak
Refram MEN
For that the leaders took the lead in Israel —
women
For that the people offered themselves willingly —
Tutti
Bless ye the Lord!

162 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Prelude MEN
Hear, O ye kings — WOMEN
Give ear, O ye princes — MEN
I, even I, will sing unto the Lord —
WOMEN
I will sing praise to the Lord, the God of Israel.
Apostrophe Tutti
Lord, when thou wentest forth out of Seir,
When thou marchedst out of the fleld of Edom,
The earth trembled, the heavens also dropped.
Yea, the clouds dropped water.
The mountains flowed down at the presence of the Lord.
Even yon Sinai at the presence of the Lord, the God
of Israel. 1. The Desolation
MEN
In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath,
In the days of Jael,
The highways were unoccupied.
And the travelers walked through byways;
The rulers ceased in Israel,
They ceased — WOMEN
Until that I, Deborah, arose,
That I arose a mother in Israel.

THE SONGS OF THE BIBLE 163
They chose new gods ;
Then was war in the gates :
Was there a shield or spear seen
Among forty thousand in Israel?
Refrain Enlarged
MEN
My heart is toward the governors of Israel —
WOMEN
Ye that offered yourselves willingly among the people —
Tutti
Bless ye the Lord. MEN
Tell of it, ye that ride on white asses.
Ye that sit on rich carpets.
And ye that walk by the way: —
WOMEN
Far from the noise of archers.
In the places of drawing water :
Tutti
There shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord,
Even the righteous acts of his rule in Israel.
II. The Muster
Tutti
Then the people of the Lord went down to the gates —
MEN
Awake, awake, Deborah,
Awake, awake, utter a song: —

164 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
WOMEN
Arise, Barak,
And lead thy captivity captive, thou son of Abinoam.
Tutti
Then came down a remnant of the nobles.
The people of the Lord came down for me against
the mighty. WOMEN
Out of Ephraim came down they whose root is in
Amalek — MEN
After thee, Benjamin, among thy peoples —
WOMEN
Out of Machir came down governors.
MEN
And out of Zebulun they that handle the marshal's
staff— WOMEN
And the princes of Issachar were with Deborah —
MEN
As was Issachar, so was Barak:
Tutti
Into the valley they rushed forth at his feet.
MEN
By the watercourses of Reuben
There were great resolves of heart.
WOMEN
Why safest thou among the sheepfolds,
To hear the pipings for the flocks?

THE SONGS OF THE BIBLE 165
MEN
At the watercourses of Reuben
There were great searchings of heart!
WOMEN
Gilead abode beyond Jordan —
MEN
And Dan, why did he remain in ships? —
WOMEN
Asher sat still at the haven of the sea,
And abode by his creeks. MEN
Zebulun was a people that jeoparded their lives unto
the death.
And Naphtali, upon the high places of the field.
///. The Battle and Rout
Strophe MEN
The kings came and fought;
Then fought the kings of Canaan,
In Taanach by the waters of Megiddo : —
They took no gain of money!
Antistrophe WOMEN
They fought from heaven,
The stars in their courses fought against Sisera.
The river Kishon swept them away,
That ancient river, the river Kishon!

166 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Strophe MEN
O my soul, march on with . strength !
Then did the horsehoofs stamp
By reason of the pransings,
The pransings of their strong ones.
Antistrophe WOMEN
Curse ye, Meroz, said the angel of the Lord,
Curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof;
Because they came not to the help of the Lord,
To the help of the Lord against the mighty!
IV. The Retribution
Strophe MEN
Blessed above women shall Jael be, the wife of Heber
the Kenite,
Blessed shall she be above women in the tent!
He asked water, and she gave him milk ;
She brought him butter in a lordly dish.
She put her hand to the nail.
And her right hand to the workman's hammer;
And with the hammer she smote Sisera.
She smote through his head,
Yea, she pierced and struck through his temples.
At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay:
At her feet he bowed, he fell :
Where he bowed, there he fell down dead !
Antistrophe WOMEN
Through the window she looked forth, and cried.
The mother of Sisera, through the lattice.

THE SONGS OF THE BIBLE 167
"Why is his chariot so long in coming?
Why tarry the wheels of his chariots ?"
Her wise ladies answered her.
Yea, she returned answer to herself,
"Have they not found,
Have they not divided the spoil?
A damsel, two damsels to every man;
To Sisera a spoil of divers colors,
A spoil of divers colors of embroidery.
Of divers colors of embroidery on both sides, on the
necks of the spoil?" Apostrophe Tutti
So let all thine enemies perish, O Lord:
But let them that love him be as the sun when he
goeth forth in his might!

CHAPTER XXI
SHORT STORIES OF THE BIBLE
The suggestion already made that the statement of
Senator Beveridge that the world's greatest orations
are the Sermon on the Mount, Saint Paul's address
on Mars' Hill, and Lincoln's Gettysburg Address pro
duces something of a shock to our religious sensi
bilities is further illustrated when we say that a
list of the best short stories in the world would
doubtless include selections from Mark Twain,
O. Henry, Maupassant, and the English Bible. It
should not, however, detract in the least from re
ligious value of the Bible that it contains many
masterpieces of this kind of literature. The ancient
Hebrews were much given to the telling of stories, and
they were frequently used to illustrate points of view.
Few stories have a stronger hold upon the affections of
children than the stories of Joseph or the story of the
slaying of Goliath by David. It is much to the credit
of juvenile literary judgment that the Samson stories
seem to make a limited appeal. From the literary
point of view the story of David and Goliath, 1 Sam.
17. 20-51 ; the story of the prodigal son, Luke 15. 11-32 ;
and the story of the good Samaritan, Luke 10. 25-37,
are suggested as preeminent. The last of these is
printed for a study in story-telling.
And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted
him, saying. Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal
life? He said unto him. What is written in the law?
how readest thou? And he answering said, Thou
shalt love the Lord thy God, with all thy heart, and
with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with
all thy mind ; and thy neighbor as thyself. And he said
unto him. Thou hast answered right : this do, and thou
16§

SHORT STORIES OF THE BIBLE 169
shalt live. But he, willing to justify himself, said unto
Jesus, And who is my neighbor? And Jesus answer
ing said, A certain man went down from .Jerusalem
to Jericho, and fell among thieves, which stripped him
of his raiment, and wounded him, and departed, leaving
him half dead. And by chance there came down a cer
tain priest that way : and when he saw him, he passed
by on the other side. And likewise a Levite, when he
was at the place, came and looked on him, and passed
by. on the other side. But a certain Samaritan, as he
journeyed, came where he was: and when he saw him
he had compassion on him. And went to him, and
bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and set
him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and
took care of him. And on the morrow when he de
parted, he took out two pence, and gave them to the
host, and said unto him. Take care of him ; and what
soever thou spendest more, when I come again, I will
repay thee. Which now of these three, thinkest thou,
was neighbor unto him that fell among the thieves?
And he said. He that showed mercy on him. Then said
Jesus unto him. Go, and do thou likewise.
It will be noted that not a superfluous word is used
in this narrative and that the story is not dragged in,
but comes most naturally from the surrounding situa
tion. Jesus was never "reminded of a story." When
the lawyer, tempting him, asked a profound and some
what puzzling question, Who is my neighbor? Jesus
might have replied by a philosophical discussion on al
truism. He chose, however, to tell a simple straight
forward story and that will be remembered as long as
literature endures.
The following is a list of twenty short stories which
are especially noteworthy:
1. Joseph. Gen. 37-48.
2. Balaam and Balak. Num. 22-24,

170 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
3. The capture of Jericho. Josh. 6.
4. The wars of Gideon. Judg. G-8.
5. Jephthah's Daughter. Judg. 11.
6. Samson. Judg. 14-16.
7. Ruth. The entire book.
8. David aud Goliath. 1 Sam. 17.
9. David and Jonathan. 1 Sam. 18-20.
10. Elijah and the prophets of Baal. 1 Kings 18.
11. Naboth's vineyard. 1 Kings 21.
12. The ascension of Elijah. 2 Kings 2.
13. Esther. The entire book.
14. The three Hebrew children. Dan. 3.
15. Daniel in the lions' den. Dan. 6.
16. Jonah. The entire book.
17. The Good Samaritan. Luke 10. 25-37.
18. The Prodigal Son. Luke 15. 11-32.
19. The healing of the lame man at Bethesda. John
5. 1-9.
20. The shipwreck of Saint Paul. Acts 27.

CHAPTER XXII
THE LITERARY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
BIBLE
The student would do well to read the little book by
Professor A. S. Cook, of Yale Universitg^, on the Bible
and English Prose Style, in connection with this chap
ter. All writers on the subject are agreed that the
chief charm of the literary style of the Bible is its ex
treme sjmplirity. If competent judges were asked to
write down the most sublime passage of English in
existence, there is no doubt but the first J'erse-0f-G«ne-
sis, "In the beginning God created the heaven and the
earth," would receive a large number of votes. Every
time we read this passage we are impressed with its
remarkable dignity and grandeur. A similar passage
is found in the first chapter of the Gospel of Saint
John, "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word
was with God, and the Word was God." It is interest
ing to note a method used by great writers in introduc
ing their principal characters. Sha^^espeare, for ex
ample, introduces Hamlet on the seventh page, Julius
Caesar on the fourth, Madbeth on the fifth, Lear on the
second, and Othello on the seventh. Goethe brings in
Faust after a somewhat lengthy introduction and all
of our great writers seem to be obliged to resort to the
employment of a certain literary setting before they
introduce the chief character. It is interesting to com
pare this with the method employed by the author of
the book of Job. In the first verse of the first chap
ter we read, "There was a man in the land of Uz
whose name was Job." For literary simplicity
and daring this has no equal in literature. It is ap-
171

172 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
proached, to be sure, by Virgil in the Mneid, where
he tells us in the first line that he sings of arms and
the man, meaning .3Dneas; and by Homer, who an
nounces his subject as divine wrath in connection with
the son of Pel eus.
Ruskin (Praeterita) tells us that he owes whatever
excellence of style he possesses to his familiarity with
the Bible. He gives a list of passages which were as
signed to him by his mother for memorizing: Exod.
15 and 20; 2 Sam. 1. 17-27; 1 Kings 8; Psa. 23, 32, 90,
91, 103, 112, 119, 139; Prov. 2, 3, 8, 12; Isa. 58; Matt.
5, 6, 7 ; Acts 26 ; 1 Cor. 13 and 15 ; James 4 ; Rev. 5 and
6. Tributes to the beauty of the literary style of the
Bible have been written by many of our masters of
English. George Saintsbury tells us that he regards
the sixth and seventh verses of the eighth chapter of
the Song of Solomon as the best example known of ab
solutely perfect English prose :
r Serine as a seal upon thine heart, as a seal upon
/thine arm : for love is strong as death ; jealousy is cruel
'as the grave: the coals thereof are coals of fire, which
ijath a most vehement flame.
Many waters cannot quench love, neither can the
floods drown it : if a man would give all the substance
of his house for love, it would utterly be contemned.
Many writers have undertaken to compare the style
of the Bible with that of other pieces ot literature which
were contemporaneous with it. Chateaubriand, for ex
ample, compares the sixteenth verse of the flrst chapter
of the book of Ru±h with a supposed rendering by
Homer. While we may not be ready to concede that
Chateaubriand has quite done justice to Homer, it is
evident that the biblical narrative does not suffer by
comparison. The reader should make a study of the
passages in the Bible quoted in this book and other
striking passages with reference to their literary char
acteristics. In another part of the book is given a list

LITERARY CHARACTERISTICS 173
of passages which have been selected for their literary
charm. Especial attention is directed to the story of
the good Samaritan, which is printed in the chapter on
"Short Stories in the Bible."

CHAPTER XXIII
FIGURES OF SPEECH IN THE BIBLE
Belonging to Oriental literature, the Bible would
naturally contain many figures of speech. A remark
ably complete collection has been made by Dr. E. W.
Bullinger (London, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1898). A
few representative illustrations are given here:
1. Aposiopesis. Exod. 32. 32 : Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their
sin — ; and, if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy
book which thou hast written (compare Saint
Paul). [Virgil, Book I, line 135 : Quos ego — ! sed motos
praestat componere fluctus.
Dante, Canto IX, 8 : Pure, a noi converra vincer
la punga, comincio ei, se non — Tal ne s'offerse.
However, it will be proper for us to win the bat
tle, began he. If not — such a one has offered herself
to us.]
Other illustrations will be found in 1 Chron. 4. 10;
Dan. 3. 15 ; Judg. 5. 29-31 ; Luke 19. 42 ; John 6. 61-62.
2. Ellipsis. 1 Cor. 10. 24. Let no man seek his own, but every
man another's (wealth).
3. The use of "and."
a. "And" omitted :
Judg. 5. 27 : At her feet he bowed, he fell, he
174

FIGURES OF SPEECH IN THE BIBLE 175
lay down : at her feet he. bowed, he fell : where he
bowed, there he fell down dead.
b. "And" repeated:
1 Sam. 17. 34, 35: Thy servant kept hia
father's sheep, and there came a lion, and a bear,
and took a lamb out of the flock : and I went out
after him, and smote him, and delivered it out
of his mouth : and when he arose against me, I
caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew
him.
4. Belittling. 1 Sam. 24. 14 : After whom is the king of Israel
come out? After whom dost thou pursue? After
a dead dog, after a flea? See also Gen. 18. 27;
Num. 13. 33; Psa. 22. 6; Isa. 40. 15.
5. Sentence Similarity.
a. Beginning Psa. 115. 12-13 :
He will bless us;
He will bless the house of Israel ;
He will bless the house of Aaron. '
He will bless them that fear the Lord.
Other illustrations may be found in Jer. 8. 1
and Hos. 3. 4.
b. Ending:
The best illustration of this figure is in Psa.
136, where each verse ends with "His mercy en
dureth forever."
c. Both beginning and ending:
Judg. 11. 1 : Now Jephthah the Gileadife was
a mighty man of valor, and he was the son of an
harlot, and Gilead begat Jephthah.
Psa. 27. 14: Wait on the Lord; be of good
courage, and he shall strengthen thine heart.

176 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
wait (I say) on the Lord. 2 Sam. 9. 12; Neh.
11. 21 ; Luke 12. 5.
d. Ending of one sentence and beginning of the
next:
Gen. 1. 1-2 : In the beginning God created the
heaven and the earth. And the earth was with
out form and void. Exod. 12. 4, ~^ ; Num. 33. 3, 4 ;
2 Sam. 9. 12, 13; Psa. 121. 1, 2; Psa. 122. 2, 3.
6. Climax. John 1. 1-2: In the beginning was the Word:
and the Word was with God: and the W^ord was
God. Rom. 8. 29-30; Rom. 10. 14-15; 2 Pet. 1. 5-7;
Isa. 40. 31 (Is this climax or anti-climax?).
Many other peculiarities of sentence construction
may be found by the student.
7. Variety of Inflections.
2 Kings 21. 13: And I will wipe Jerusalem as
a man wipeth a dish, wiping it and turning it up
side down. John 17. 25 ; 2 Cor. 1. 10.
8. Inversion. Exod. 9. 31: And the flax and the barley was
smitten, for the barley was in the ear, and the flax
was boiled. Isa. 6. 10 ; 3 John 11.
9. Synonyms. Zeph. 1. 15 : That day is a day of wrath, a day of
trouble and distress, a day of wasteness and desola
tion, a day of darkness and gloominess, a day of
clouds and thick darkness. Matt. 12. 30; Eph.
1. 20, 21.
10. Parallelism. a. Synonyms (expressing the same thought) :
Psa. 46. 11 : The Lord of Hosts is with us ;
The God of Jacob is our refuge.

FIGURES OF SPEECH IN THE BIBLE 177
6. Antithetic (expressing a contrast) :
Prov. 11. 1 : A false balance is abomination to
the Lord : but a just weight is his delight.
c. Synthetic (completing the thought) :
Prov. 18. 22: Whoso findeth a wife findeth a
good thing, and obtaineth favor of the Lord.
11. Exaggeration. John 21. 25: And there are also many other
things which Jesus did, the which, if they should
be written every one, I suppose that even the world
itself could not contain the books that should be
written. Exod. 8. 17; Deut. 1. 28; Ju4g. 20. 16;
1 Kings 1. 40; Job 29. 6; John 12. 19.
12. Change in Sentence Strength.
a. Gradual ascent:
Zech. 7. 11-12: But they refused to hearken,
and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their
ears that they should not hear. Yea, they made
their hearts as an adamant stone. 1 Cor. 4. 8;
John 1. 1.
b. Gradual descent :
Isa. 40. 31: They shall mount up with wings
as eagles, they shall run, and not be weary, they
shall walk, and not faint. (See comment on
this passage under "Climax.") Ezek. 22. 18;
Phil. 2. 6-8.
13. Metonymy. Luke 16. 29 : They have Moses and the prophets.
Deut. 17. 6 : At the mouth of two witnesses.
Prov. 12. 22 : Lying lips are abomination to the
Lord. 1 Pet. 2. 24: Who his own self bore our sins in
his own body on the tree.

178 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
14. Hendiadys. 1 Sam. 17. 40: And put them in a shepherd's
bag which he had, even in a scrip. 1 Sam. 28. 3 ;
Job 10. 21 ; Zeph. 1. 15-16.
15. Euphony. Job 10. 21-22 : Before I go whence I shall not re
turn, even to the land of darkness and the shadow
of death. Eccl. 12. 1-7; John 11. 11.
16. Antithesis. Isa. 65. 13: Behold, my servants shall eat, but
ye shall be hungry : behold, my servants shall drink,
but ye shall be thirsty: behold, my servants shall
rejoice, but ye shall be ashamed. Lam. 1. 1 ; 2 Cor.
4. 18.
17. Metaphor. John 6. 35 : I am the bread of life.
John 8. 12 : I am the light of the world.
John 10. 9 : I am the door.
John 15. 5: I am the vine.
18. Parable. These are so numerous that they need not be
listed. The parable of the ijrodigal sou is one of
the finest from a literary point of view.
19. Proverb. 1 Sam. 10. 12 : Is Saul also among the prophets?
Further illustrations are abundant.
20. Double Meaning.
Acts 17. 22 : Ye men of Athens, in all things 1
perceive that ye are very religious. 2 Kings 5. 18 ;
John 19. 19.

FIGURES OF SPEECH IN THE BIBLE 17J
21. Irony. Ezek. 28. 3 : Behold, thou art wiser than Daniel.
Job 12. 2: No doubt but ye are the people and
wisdom shall die with you.
John 19. 14: Behold your king. 1 Kings 18. 27.
Cry aloud: for he is a god.
22. Sarcasm. Illustrations of sarcasm and irony are somewhat
difficult to distinguish in the Bible. One of the
finest pieces of sarcasm in all literature is found
in Deborah's song, Judg. 5. 28-30: The mother of
Sisera looked out at a window and cried through
the lattice. Why is his chariot so long in coming?
Why tarry the wheels of his chariot? Her wise
ladies answered her, yea she returned answer to
herself, Have they not sped? Have they not di
vided the prey; to every man a damsel or two; to
Sisera a prey of divers colors, a prey of divers
colors of needlework, of divers colors of needlework
on both sides, meet for the necks of them that take
the spoil?
23. Invective. Judg. 5. 31 : So let all thine enemies perish, O
Lord. Matt. 15. 7-9 ; Matt. 16. 3 ; Luke 11. 38-44.
24. Personification. Psa. 35. 10 : All my bones shall say, Lord, who is
like unto thee? Gen. 4. 10; Psa. 145. 15; 1 Cor.
12. 15, 16.
25. Apostrophe. Neh. 6. 9 : For they all made us afraid, saying,
Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that
it be not done. Now, therefore, O God, strengthen
my hands. 1 Kings 13. 2 ; Ezek. 13. 11 ; Joel 2. 22 ;
Zech. 11. 2.

180 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
26. Humor.
Prov. 25. 19 : Confidence in an unfaithful man in
time of trouble is like a broken tooth, and a foot out
of joint. Prov. 26. 15: The slothful hideth his
hand in his bosom ; it grieveth him to bring it again
to his mouth.
27. The Pun.
Matt. 16. 18: Thou art Peter, and upon this
rock I will build my church. Gen. 21. 3 : And
Abraham called the name of his son that was born
unto him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac. See
Gen. 17. 17; 18. 12.
There are many striking figures of speech which are
not brought out by the translation. Many of the
Psalms are written in the form of an acrostic. Psalm
111 has twenty-two lines, and each line begins with the
successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Psalm 119
has one hundred and seventy-six verses and is divided
into twenty-two sections. Each section contains eight
verses and each verse of a section begins with the let
ters of the Hebrew alphabet in order. The Lamenta
tions of Jeremiah make use of the acrostic in a re
markably artistic manner.
As an illustration of the acrostic method the second
section of Psalm 119 as translated by Dr. Bullinger
is given.
By what means shall a young man cleanse his way?
By taking heed thereto according to Thy word.
By every means my heart hath sought Thee :
Let me not err from Thy commandments.
Besides, I have laid up Thy word in my heart,
That I might not sin against Thee.
Blessed art Thou, O Jehovah,
Teach me Thy statutes.

FIGURES OF SPEECH IN THE BIBLE 181
By my lips have I recounted
All the judgments of Thy mouth.
By walking in Thy Mandate's way,
I found joy beyond all wealth.
By Thy precepts shall I guide my musings.
And shall pore o'er Thy paths ;
By Thy statutes shall I be delighted;
Thy word I shall not forget.
See also the Lamentations of Jeremiah, Chapter 7.

CHAPTER XXIV
EXERCISES FOR PRACTICE
The following quotations based directly or indi
rectly upon the Bible should be read by the student
and their setting determined. Some of them ai)pear in
the previous chapters of this book. The readiness with
which the passages are identified will test the stu
dent's acquaintance with the Bible.
Daniel Webster: He [Hamilton] smote the rock of
the national resources, and abundant streams of
revenue gushed forth.
Lowell: 'Tis not the grapes of Canaan that repay
But the high faith that failed not by the way.
Browning: The sight of a sweepy garment, vast
and white, with a hem that I could recognize.
Whittier: The healing of his seamless dress
Is by our beds of pain.
Thomas Hardy (Napoleon) :
I have been subdued.
But by the elements and them alone.
Not Russia, but God's sky has conquered me.
Byron (Napoleon) :
Is this the man of thousand thrones.
Who strewed the earth with hostile bones?
182

EXERCISES FOR PRACTICE 183
Matthew Arnold (Rugby Chapel) :
Servants of God — or sons
Shall I not call you? because
Not as servants ye knew
Your Father's innermost mind,
His, who unwillingly sees
One of his little ones lost.
Browning (The Ring and the Book) :
And he'll go duly docile all his days.
Browning (By the Fireside) :
Think, when our one soul understands,
The great Word which makes all things new,
When earth breaks up and heaven expands.
How will the change strike me and you,
In the house not made with hands.
Macaulay: Cursed be Sallie! For it is written.
Cursed be he who removeth his neighbor's landmark.
(When a maid had disarranged some stones which
marked off his garden.)
Percy B. Shelley (Defense of Poetry) : Their errors
have been weighed and found to have been dust in the
balance; if their sins were as scarlet, they are now
white as snow; they have been washed in the blood of
the mediator and redeemer. Time. Observe in what a
ludicrous chaos the imputations of real or fictitious
crime have been confused in the contemporary calum
nies against poetry and poets ; consider how little is as
it appears — or appears as it is; look to your own mo
tives, and judge not, lest ye be judged.
Longfellow (Theologian's Tale) :
Not to one church alone, but seven.
The voice prophetic spoke from heaven;

184 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
And unto each the promise came,
Diversified, but still the same;
For him that overcometh are
The new name written on the stone.
The raiment white, the crown, the throne.
And I will give him the Morning Star !
Matthew Arnold (Essays) : He [Wordsworth] is
one of the very chief glories of English poetry; and
by nothing is England so glorious as by her poetry.
Let us lay aside every weight which hinders our getting
him recognized as this.
What we have of Shelley in poetry and prose
suited with this charming picture of him; Mrs. Shel
ley's account suited with it; it was a possession which
one would hardly have kept unimpaired. It still sub
sists, I must now add; it subsists even after one has
read the present biography; it subsists, but so as by
fire. It [society] looked in Byron's glass and it looks in
Lord Beaconfield's, and sees, or fancies that it sees, its
own face there ; and then it goes its way, and straight
way forgets what manner of man it saw.
Alfred De Vigny: Richelieu was destined ere he
died to see his policy, his efforts, his sacrifices, fully
justifled by success. Though he was not to enjoy the
full fruition brought by the treaties of Westphalia and
of the Pyrenees, yet he had a Pisgah view of the prom
ised land.
Reginald Heber (Palestine) :
No hammers fell, no ponderous axes rung;
Like some tall palm the mystic fabric sprung.
Cowper (Winter's Morning Walk) :
Silently as a dream the fabric rose,
No sound of hammer or of saw was there.

EXERCISES FOR PRACTICE 185
The Century (The Tide of Affairs) : The role of an
eternal Lazarus, however nutritious the crumbs that
fell from the master's table, seems not to appeal to the
masses as an inspiring role.
The Century (The Tide of Affairs) : Even a runner
might have heard and understood what the candidate
meant. Goethe (Faust) : Consummatum est.
George H. Martin (Evolution of the Massachusetts
Public School System) : Master  , for twenty-
eight years at  , is a John the Baptist, suggesting
Elias, or oue of the old prophets. He ranks with
Ezekiel Cheever and Elijah Corlet and after him Nehe
miah Cleveland, Eliphalet Pearson, Joseph Emerson,
Samuel Taylor, and Charles Hammond. There were
giants in those days.
Alexander Pope:
And hence one master passion in the breast.
Like Aaron's serpent swallows up the rest.
Whittier (Hymns) :
Who by Zion's fountains wear
On their foreheads, white and broad,
"Holiness unto the Lord!"
Whittier ("The Human Sacrifice") :
0 thou ! at whose rebuke the grave
Back to warm life its sleeper gave.
Beneath whose sad and tearful glance
The cold and changed countenance
Broke the still horror of the trance.
And, waking, saw with joy above,
A brother's face of tenderest love;
Thou, unto whom the blind and lame.
The sorrowing and the sin-sick came.

186 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
And from the very garment's hem
Drew life and healing unto them.
With that deep voice which from the skies
Forbade the patriarch's sacrifice,
God's angel cries. Forbear!
Shakespeare (King John, Act III, Scene 1, Speech
of Constance) : Compare his description of a certain
day with Job 3. 1-9.

CHAPTER XXV
PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY
The following passages should be carefully studied
for their literary value. The retaining of many of
them in memory would constitute a literary asset.
Genesis I. 1-5
In the beginning God created the heaven and the
earth. And the earth was without form, and void ; and dark
ness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of
God moved upon the face of the waters.
And God said, Let there be light : and there was light.
And God saw the light, that it was good; and God
divided the light from the darkness.
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he
called Night.
And the evening and the morning were the first day.
Numbers 6. 22-27
And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying. Speak unto
Aaron and unto his sons, saying. On this wise ye shall
bless the children of Israel, saying unto them. The Lord
bless thee, and keep thee:
The Lord make his face shine upon thee, and be
gracious unto thee:
The Lord lift up his countenance upon thee, and give
thee peace.
And they shall put my name upon the children of
Israel; and I will bless them.
Deuteronomy 28. 2-6
And all these blessings shall come on thee and over-
187

188 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
take thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the
Lord thy God.
Blessed shalt thou be in the city, and blessed shalt
thou be in the field.
Blessed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit
of thy ground, and the fruit of thy cattle, the increase
of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep.
Blessed shall be thy basket and thy store. Blessed
shalt thou be when thou comest in, and blessed shalt
thou be when thou goest out.
Judges 5. 1-81
(Printed in Chapter 18.)
Ruth 1. 16-17
And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to
return from following after thee: for whither thou
goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge;
thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God :
Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be
buried : the Lord do so to me, and more also, if ought
but death part thee and me.
1 Samuel 17. 38-51
And Saul armed David with his armor, and he put
an helmet of brass upon his head ; also he armed him
with a coat of mail. And David girded his sword upon
his armor, and he essayed to go; for he had not proved
it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these ;
for I have not proved them. And David put them off
him. And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five
smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a
shepherd's bag which he had, even in a scrip ; and his
sling was in his hand : and he drew near to the Philis
tine. And the Philistine came on and drew near unto

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 189
David; and the man that bare the shield went before
him. And when the Philistine looked about, and saw
David, he disdained him: for he was but a youth, and
ruddy, and of a fair countenance.
And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that
thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine
cursed David by his gods. And the Philistine said to
David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the
fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field.
Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to
me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield :
but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of
hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast
defied. This day will the Lord deliver thee into mine hand;
and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee;
and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philis
tines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the
wild beasts of the earth ; that all the earth may know
that there is a God in Israel.
And all this assembly shall know that the Lord
saveth not with sword and spear : for the battle is the
Lord's, and he will give you into our hands.
And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose, and
came and drew nigh to meet David, that David hasted,
and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine.
And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence
a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his
forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and
he fell upon his face to the earth.
So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling
and with a stone, and smote the Philistine and slew
him ; but there was no sword in the hand of David.
Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine,
and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath
thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith.

190 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
And when the Philistines saw their champion was dead,
they fled. 2 Samuel 1. 17-2,7
And David lamented with this lamentation over
Saul and >ver Jonathan his son:
(Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the
use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of
Jasher.) The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places :
how are the mighty fallen!
Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of
Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice,
lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.
Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither
let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings ; for
there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the
shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed
with oil.
From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the
mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the
sword of Saul returned not empty.
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their
lives, and in their death they were not divided: they
were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.
Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed
you in scarlet, with other delights, who put on orna
ments of gold upon your apparel.
How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle !
O Jonathan, thou wast slain iu thine high places.
I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan : very
pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was
wonderful, passing the love of women.
How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war
perished ! 2 Samuel 18. S3
And the king was much moved, and went up to the

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 191
chamber over the gate, and wept : and as he went, thus
he said, O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom !
would God I had died for thee, O Absalom, my son, my
son!
1 Kings 8. 22-30
And Solomon stood before the altar of the Lord in
the presence of all the congregation of Israel, aud
spread forth his hands toward heaven :
And he said. Lord God of Israel, there is no God
like thee, in heaven above, or on earth beneath, who
keepest covenant and mercy with thy servants that
walk before thee with all their heart: Who hast kept
with thy servant David my father that thou proinis-
edst him : thou spakest also with thy mouth, and hast
fulfilled it with thine hand, as it is this day.
Therefore now. Lord God of Israel, keep with thy
servant David my father that thou promisedst him,
saying. There shall not fail thee a man in my sight to
sit on the throne of Israel : so that thy children take
heed to their way, that they walk before me as thou
hast walked before me.
And now, O God of Israel, let thy word, I pray thee,
be verified, which thou spakest unto thy servant David
my father.
But will God indeed dwell on the earth? behold, the
heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee ; how
much less this house that I have builded?
Yet have thou respect unto the prayer of thy servant,
and to his supplication, O Lord my God, to hearken
unto the cry and to the prayer, which thy servant pray-
eth before thee to-day :
That thine eyes may be open toward this house night
and day, even toward the place of which thou hast said.
My name shall be there: that thou mayest hearken
unto the prayer which thy servant shall make toward
this place. And hearken thou to the supplication of

192 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
thy servant, and of thy people Israel, when they shall
pray toward this place; and hear thou in heaven thy
dwelling place : and when thou hearest, forgive.
Eliphaz (Job 4. 13-17) :
In thoughts from the visions of the night.
When deep sleep faileth on men.
Fear came upon me, and trembling.
Which made all my bones to shake.
Then a spirit passed before my face ;
The hair of my flesh stood up:
It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof :
An image was before mine eyes,
There was silence, and I heard a voice, saying.
Shall mortal man be more just than God?
Shall a man be more pure than his Maker?
Zophar (Job 11. 7-10) :
Canst thou by searching find out God?
Canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection?
It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do?
Deeper than hell ; what canst thou know ?
The measure thereof is longer than the earth.
And broader than the sea.
If he cut off, and shut up, or gather together,
Then who can hinder him?
Job (Job 14. 1-12) :
Man that is born of a woman
Is of few days, and full of trouble.
He cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down :
He fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not.
For there is hope of a tree.
If it be cut down, that it will sprout again,
And that the tender branch thereof will not cease.
Though the root thereof wax old in the earth.
And the stock thereof die in the ground;

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 193
Yet through the scent of water it will bud.
And bring forth boughs like a plant.
But man dieth, and wasteth away:
Yea, man giveth up the ghost, and where is he?
As the waters fail from the sea,
And the flood decayeth and drieth up:
So man lieth down, and riseth not:
Till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake.
Nor be raised out of their sleep.
Job (Job 28. 12-28) :
But where shall wisdom be found?
And where is the place of understanding?
Man knoweth not the price thereof ;
Neither is it found in the land of the living.
The depth saith, It is not in me :
And the sea saith. It is not with me.
It cannot be gotten for gold.
Neither shall silver be weighed for the price thereof.
It cannot be valued with the gold of Ophir,
With the precious onyx, or the sapphire.
The gold and the crystal cannot equal it:
And the exchange of it shall not be for jewels of fine
gold.
No mention shall be made of coral, or of pearls:
For the price of wisdom is above rubies.
The topaz of Ethiopia shall not equal it.
Neither shall it be valued with pure gold.
Whence then cometh wisdom?
And where is the place of understanding?
Sseing it is hid from the eyes of all living.
And kept close from the fowls of the air.
Destruction and death say.
We have heard the fame thereof with our ears.
God understandeth the way thereof,
And he knoweth the place thereof.
For he looketh to the ends of the earth,

194 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
And seeth under the whole heaven;
To make the weight for the winds
And he weigheth the waters by measure.
When he made a decree for the rain,
And a way for the lightning of the thunder:
Then did he see it, and declare it;
He prepared it, yea, and searched it out.
And unto man he said. Behold, the fear of the Lord,
that is wisdom;
And to depart from evil is understanding.
The Voice of the Lord (Job 38. 4-11) :
Declare, if thou hast understanding.
Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest?
Or who hath stretched the line upon it?
Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened?
Or who laid the corner stone thereof;
When the morning stars sang together.
And all the sons of God shouted for joy?
Or who shut up the sea with doors.
When it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the
womb?
When I made the cloud the garment thereof.
And thick darkness a swaddling band for it.
And brake up for it my decreed place.
And set bars and doors.
And said. Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further:
And here shall thy proud waves be stayed?
Psalm 1
Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel
of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor
sitteth in the seat of the scornful.
But his delight is in the law of the Lord ; and in his
law doth he meditate day and night.
And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of
water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 195
leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth
shall prosper.
The ungodly are not so, but are like the chaff which
the wind driveth away.
Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the
judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the
righteous. For the Lord knoweth the way of the righteous : but
the way of the ungodly shall perish.
Psalm 2
Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a
vain thing?
The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers
take counsel together, against the Lord, and against
his anointed, saying.
Let us break their bands asunder and cast away their
cords from us.
He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh : the Lord
shall have them in derision.
Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and vex
them in his sore displeasure.
Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion.
I will declare the decree: the Lord hath said unto
me. Thou art my Son; this day have I begotten
thee. Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine
inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for
thy possession.
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron : thou shalt
dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.
Be wise now therefore, O ye kings ; be instructed, ye
judges of the earth.
Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with trembling.
Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from
the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed
are all they that put their trust in him.

196 THE ENGLISH BIBLE

Psalm 19

The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firma
ment showeth his handywork.
Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night
showeth knowledge.
There is no speech nor language, where their voice
is not heard.
Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their
words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a
tabernacle for the sun,
Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber,
and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race.
His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and
his circuit unto the ends of it : and there is nothing hid
from the heat thereof.
The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul :
the testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the
simple. The statutes of the. Lord are right, rejoicing the
heart : the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlighten
ing the eyes.
The fear of the Lord is clean, enduring for ever : the
judgments of the Lord are true and righteous alto
gether. More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much
fine gold : sweeter also than honey and the honey
comb. Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in
keeping of them there is great reward.
Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me
from secret faults.
Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins ;
let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be
upright, and I shall be innocent from the great trans
gression. Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of

PASSAGES FOB SPECIAL STUDY 197
my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, my
strength, and my redeemer. Psalm 23
The Lord is my shepherd ; I shall not want.
He maketh me to lie down in green pastures : he lead
eth me beside the still waters.
He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of
righteousness for his name's sake.
Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow
of death, I will fear no evil : for thou art with me ; thy
rod and thy staff they comfort me.
Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of
mine enemies : thou anointest my head with oil ; my cup
runneth over.
Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the
days of my life; and I will dwell in the house of the
Lord for ever. Psalm 24
The earth is the Lord's, and the fullness thereof; the
world, and they that dwell therein.
For he hath founded it upon the seas, and established
it upon the floods.
Who shall ascend into the hill of the Lord? or who
shall stand in his holy place?
He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; who
hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity; nor sworn de
ceitfully. He shall receive the blessing from the Lord, and
righteousness from the God of his salvation.
This is the generation of them that seek him, that
seek thy face, O Jacob.
Lift up your heads, O ye gates ; and be ye lift up, ye
everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in.
Who is this King of glory? The Lord strong and
mighty, the Lord mighty in battle.

198 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Lift up your heads, O ye gates ; even lift them up, ye
everlasting doors ; and the King of glory shall come in.
Who is this King of glory? The Lord of hosts, he
is the King of glory. Psalm 46
God is our refuge and strength, a very present help
in trouble.
Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be re
moved, and though the mountains be carried into the
midst of the sea;
Though the waters thereof roar and be troubled,
though the mountains shake with the swelling thereof.
There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad
the city of God, the holy place of the tabernacles of the
most High.
God is in the midst of her; she shall not be moved:
God shall help her, and that right early.
The heathen raged, the kingdoms were moved: he
uttered his voice, the earth melted.
The Lord of hosts is with us ; the God of Jacob is our
refuge. Come, behold the works of the Lord, what desola
tions he hath made in the earth.
He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth ;
he breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder;
he burneth the chariot in the fire.
Be still, and know that I am God : I will be exalted
among the heathen, I will be exalted in the earth.
The Lord of hosts is with us : the God of Jacob is our
refuge. Psalm 67
God be merciful unto us, and bless us ; and cause his
face to shine upon us.
That thy way may be known upon earth, thy saving
health among all nations.

PASSAGES FOB SPECIAL STUDY 199
Let the people praise thee, O God ; let all the people
praise thee.
O let the nations be glad and sing for joy : for thou
shalt judge the people righteously, and govern the na
tions upon earth.
Let the people praise thee, O God ; let all the people
praise thee.
Then shall the earth yield her increase; and God,
even our own God, shall bless us.
God shall bless us ; and all the ends of the earth shall
fear him. Psalm 8^
How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord of hosts!
My soul lougeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of
the Lord : my heart and my flesh crieth out for the
living God.
Yea, the sparrow hath found an house, and the
swallow a nest for herself, where she may lay her
young, even thine altars, O Lord of hosts, my King,
and my God.
Blessed are they that dwell in thy house : they will be
still praising thee.
Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee; in
whose heart are the ways of them.
Who passing through the valley of Baca make it a
well; the rain also filleth the pools.
They go from strength to strength, every one of them
in Zion appeareth before God.
O Lord God of hosts, hear my prayer : give ear, O God
of Jacob.
Behold, O God our shield, and look upon the face of
thine anointed.
For a day in thy courts is better than a thousand. I
had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God,
than to dwell in the tents of wickedness.
For the Lord God is a sun and shield : the Lord will

200 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
give grace and glory: no good thing will he withhold
from them that walk uprightly.
O Lord of hosts, blessed is the man that trusteth in
thee. Psalm 90
Lord, thou hast been our dwelling place in all genera
tions. Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever
thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from
everlasting to everlasting, thou art God.
Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest. Re
turn, ye children of men.
For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yester
day when it is past, and as a watch in the night.
Thou carriest them away as with a fiood ; they are as
a sleep : in the morning they are like grass which grow
eth up.
In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth up: in
the evening it is cut down, and withereth.
For we are consumed by thy anger, and by thy wrath
are we troubled.
Thou hast set our iniquities before thee, our secret
sins in the light of thy countenance.
For all our days are passed away in thy wrath : we
spend our years as a tale that is told.
The days of our years are three-score years and ten ;
and if by reason of strength they be four-score years,
yet is their strength labor and sorrow; for it is soon
cut off, and we fly away.
Who knoweth the power of thine anger? even accord
ing to thy fear, so is thy wrath.
So teach us to number our days, that we may apply
our hearts unto wisdom.
Return, 0 Lord, how long? and let it repent thee con
cerning thy servants.
O satisfy us early with thy mercy; that we may re
joice and be glad all our days.

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 201
Make us glad according to the days wherein thou
hast afflicted us, and the years wherein we have seen
evil. Let thy work appear unto thy servants, and thy
glory unto their children.
And let the beauty of the Lord our God be upon us :
and establish thou the work of our hands upon us : yea,
the work of our hands establish thou it.
Psalm 91
He that dweileth iu the secret place of the most High
shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty.
I will say of the Lord, He is my refuge and my for
tress : my God ; in him will I trust.
Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the
fowler, and from the noisome pestilence.
He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his
wings shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield
and buckler.
Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night ; nor
for the arrow that flieth by day;
Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness ; nor
for the destruction that wasteth at noonday.
A thousand shall fall at thy side and ten thousand
at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh thee.
Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the
reward of the wicked.
Because thou hast made the Lord, which is my
refuge, even the most High, thy habitation ;
There shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any
plague come nigh thy dwelling.
For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep
thee in all thy ways.
They shall bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash
thy foot against a stone.
Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder : the young
lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet.

202 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will
I deliver him : I will set him on high, because he hath
known my name.
He shall call upon me, and 1 will answer him : I will
be with him in trouble; I will deliver him, and honor
him. With long life will I satisfy him, and show him my
salvation. Psalm 103
Bless the Lord, O my soul : and all that is within me,
bless his holy name.
Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his
benefits :
Who forgiveth all thine iniquities, who healeth all
thy diseases :
Who redeemeth thy life from destruction ; who
crowneth thee with lovingkindness and tender
mercies ;
Who satisfieth thy mouth with good things; so that
thy youth is renewed like the eagle's.
The Lord executeth righteousness and judgment for
all that are oppressed.
He made known his ways unto Moses, his acts unto
the children of Israel.
The Lord is merciful and gracious, slow to anger,
and plenteous in mercy.
He will not always chide: neither will he keep his
anger for ever.
He hath not dealt with us after our sins ; nor re
warded us according to our iniquities.
For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great
is his mercy toward them that fear him.
As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he
removed our transgressions from us.
Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord
pitieth them that fear him.

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 203
For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we
are dust.
As for man, his days are as grass ; as a flower of the
field, so he flourisheth.
For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone ; and the
place thereof shall know it no more.
But the mercy of the Lord is from everlasting to ever
lasting upon them that fear him, and his righteousness
unto children's children;
To such as keep his covenant, and to those that re
member his commandments to do them.
The Lord hath prepared his throne in the heavens;
and his kingdom ruleth over all.
Bless the Lord, ye his angels, that excel in strength,
that do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice
of his word.
Bless ye the Lord, all ye his hosts; ye ministers of
his, that do his pleasure.
Bless ye the Lord, all his works in all places of his
dominion ; bless the Lord, O my soul.
Psalm 119. 1-16
Blessed are the undefiled in the way, who walk in the
law of the Lord.
Blessed are they that keep his testimonies, and that
seek him with the whole heart.
They also do no iniquity : they walk in his ways.
Thou hast commanded us to keep thy precepts dili
gently. O that my ways were directed to keep thy statutes !
Then shall I not be ashamed, when I have respect
unto all thy commandments.
I will praise thee with uprightness of heart, when I
shall have learned thy righteous judgments. I will
keep thy statutes: O forsake me not utterly.
Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse his way? by
taking heed thereto according to thy word.

204 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
With my whole heart have I sought thee : O let me
not wander from thy commandments.
Thy word have I hid in mine heart, that I might not
sin against thee.
Blessed art thou, O Lord : teach me thy statutes.
With my lips have I declared all the judgments of
thy mouth.
I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as much
as in all riches.
I will meditate in thy precepts, and have respect
unto thy ways.
I will delight myself in thy statutes : I will not for
get thy word. Psalm 121
I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence
cometh my help.
My help cometh from the Lord, which made heaven
and earth.
He will not suffer thy foot to be moved : he that keep
eth thee will not slumber.
Behold, he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber
nor sleep.
The Lord is thy keeper: the Lord is thy shade upon
thy right hand.
The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon
by night.
The Lord shall preserve thee from all evil: he shall
preserve thy soul.
The Lord shall preserve thy going out and thy coming
in from this time forth, and even for evermore.
Psalm 133
Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren
to dwell together in unity!
It is like the precious ointment upon the head, that
ran down upon the beard, even Aaron's beard: that
went down to the skirts of his garments;

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 205
As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended
upon the mountains of Zion : for there the Lord com
manded the blessing, even life for evermore.
Proverbs 8. 1-17
Doth not wisdom cry? and understanding put forth
her voice?
She standeth in the top of high places, by the way
in the places of the paths.
She crieth at the gates, at the entry of the city, at
the coming in at the doors.
Unto you, O men, I call ; and my voice is to the sons
of man.
O ye simple, understand wisdom : and, ye fools, be ye
of an understanding heart.
Hear: for I will speak of excellent things: and the
opening of my lips shall be right things.
For my mouth shall speak truth; and wickedness
is an abomination to my lips.
All the words of my mouth are in righteousness;
there is nothing froward or perverse in them.
They are all plain to him that understandeth, and
right to them that find knowledge.
Receive my instruction, and not silver; and knowl
edge rather than choice gold.
For wisdom is better than rubies ; and all the things
that may be desired are not to be compared to it.
I wisdom dwell with prudence, and find out knowl
edge of witty inventions.
The fear of the Lord is to hate evil : pride, and arro
gancy, and the evil way, and the froward mouth, do 1
hate. Counsel is mine, and sound wisdom: I am under
standing ; I have strength.
By me kings reign, and princes decree justice.
By me princes rule, and nobles, even all the judges
of the earth.

206 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
I love them that love me: and those that seek me
early shall find me. Proverbs 9. 1-6
Wisdom hath builded her house, she hath hewn out
her seven pillars:
She hath killed her beasts; she hath mingled her
wine; she hath also furnished her table.
She hath sent forth her maidens : she crieth upon the
highest places of the city.
Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: as for him
that wanteth understanding, she saith to him. Come,
eat of my bread, and drink of the wine which I have
mingled. Forsake the foolish and live; and go in the way of
understanding. Ecclesiastes 2. 1-11
I said in mine heart, Go to now, I will prove thee
with mirth, therefore enjoy pleasure: and, behold, this
also is vanity. I said of laughter, It is mad: and of
mirth, What doeth it?
I sought in mine heart to give myself unto wine, yet
acquainting mine heart with wisdom ; and to lay hold
on folly, till I might see what was that good for the
sons of men, which they should do under the heaven all
the days of their life.
I made me great works; I builded me houses; I
planted me vineyards; I made me gardens and
orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kinds of
fruits :
I made me pools of water, to water therewith the
wood that bringeth forth trees:
I got me servants and maidens, and had servants
born in my house ; also I had great possessions of great
and small cattle above all that were in Jerusalem be
fore me: I gathered me also silver and gold, and the

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 207
peculiar treasure of kings and of the provinces: I gat
me men singers and women singers, and the delights
of the sons of men, as musical instruments, and that
of all sorts.
So I was great, and increased more than all that
were before me in Jerusalem : also my wisdom remained
with me.
And whatsoever mine eyes desired I kept not from
them, I withheld not my heart from any joy; for my
heart rejoiced in all my labor : and this was my portion
of all my labor.
Then I looked on all the works that my hands had
wrought, and on the labor that I had labored to do:
and, behold, all was vanity and vexation of spirit, and
there was no profit under the sun.
Ecclesiastes 12. 1-14^
Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth,
while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh,
when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them ;
While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars,
be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the
rain: In the day when the keepers of the house shall trem
ble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the
grinders cease because they are few, and those that
look out of the windows be darkened.
And the doors shall be shut in the streets, when the
sound of the grinding is low, and he shall rise up at
the voice of the bird, and all the daughters of music
shall be brought low;
Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high,
and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree
shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden,
and desire shall fail : because man goeth to his long
home, and the mourners go about the streets :

208 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl
be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or
the wheel broken at the cistern.
Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was :
and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.
Vanity of vanities, saith the preacher; all is vanity.
And moreover, because the preacher was wise, he
still taught the people knowledge; yea, he gave good
heed, and sought out, and set in order many proverbs.
The preacher sought to find out acceptable words :
and that which was written was upright, even words
of truth.
The words of the wise are as goads, and as nails fas
tened by masters of assemblies, which are given from
one shepherd.
And further, by these, my son, be admonished : of
making many books there is no end ; and much study is
a weariness of the flesh.
Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter : Fear
God, and keep his commandments : for this is the whole
duty of man.
For God shall bring every work into judgment, with
every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it
be evil. Song of Solomon 7. 10-13
I am my beloved's, and his desire is toward me.
Come, my beloved, let us go forth into the field; let
us lodge in the villages.
Let us get up early to the vineyards; let us see if
the vine flourish, whether the tender grape appear, and
the pomegranates bud forth : there will I give thee my
loves. The mandrakes give a smell, and at our gates are all
manner of pleasant fruits, new and old, which I have
laid up for thee, O my beloved.

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 209
Isaiah 35. 5-10
Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the
ears of the deaf shall be unstopped.
Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the
tongue of the dumb sing: for in the wilderness shall
waters break out, and streams in the desert.
And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the
thirsty land springs of water: in the habitation of
dragons, where each lay, shall be grass with reeds and
rushes. And an highway shall be there, and a way, and it
shall be called The way of holiness ; the unclean shall
not pass over it ; but it shall be for those : the wayfar
ing men, though fools, shall not err therein.
No lion shall be there, nor any ravenous beast shall
go up thereon, it shall not be found there; but the re
deemed shall walk there :
And the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come
to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their
heads : they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow
and sighing shall flee away.
Isaiah 40. 1-8
Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God.
Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem and cry unto
her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity
is pardoned: for she hath received of the Lord's hand
double for all her sins.
The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness. Pre
pare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the
desert a highway for our God.
Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain
and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be
made straight, and the rough places plain :
And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all
flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the Lord
hath spoken it.

210 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry?
All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as
the flower of the field:
The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; because the
spirit of the Lord bloweth upon it: surely the people
is grass.
The grass withereth, the flower fadeth : but the word
of our God shall stand for ever.
Isaiah 40. 28-31
Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the
everlasting God, the Lord, the Creator of the ends of
the earth, fainteth uot, neither is weary? there is no
searching of his understanding.
He giveth power to the faint ; and to them that have
no might he increaseth strength.
Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the
young men shall utterly fall :
But they that wait upon the Lord shall renew their
strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles;
they shall run, and not be weary ; and they shall walk,
and not faint. Isaiah 42. 7-10
To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners
from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of
the prison house.
I am the Lord ; that is my name : and my glory will
I not give to another, neither my praise to graven
images. Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new
things do I declare : before they spring forth I tell you
of them.
Sing unto the Lord a new song, and his praise from
the end of the earth, ye that go down to the sea, and
all that is therein; the isles, and the inhabitants
thereof.

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 211
Isaiah 53. 6-9
All we like sheep have gone astray ; we have turned
every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid on
him the iniquity of us all.
He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened
not his mouth : he is brought as a lamb to the slaugh
ter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he
openeth not his mouth.
He was taken from prison and from judgment: and
who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off
out of the land of the living: for the transgression of
my people was he stricken.
And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the
rich in his death; because he had done no violence,
neither was any deceit in his mouth.
Isaiah 55. 1-13
Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters,
and he that hath no money; come ye, buy, and eat;
yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and with
out price.
Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not
bread? and your labor for that which satisfieth not?
hearken diligently unto me, and eat ye that which is
good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness.
Incline your ear, and come unto me : hear, and your
soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant
with you, even the sure mercies of David.
Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people,
a leader and commander to the people.
Behold, thou shalt call a nation that thou knowest
not, and nations that knew not thee shall run unto thee
because of the Lord thy God, and for the Holy One of
Israel : for he hath glorified thee.
Seek ye the Lord while he may be found, call ye upon
him while he is near:
Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous

212 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
man his thoughts : and let him return unto the Lord,
and he will have mercy upon him ; and to our God, for
he will abundantly pardon.
For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are
your ways my ways, saith the Lord.
For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are
my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts thau
your thoughts.
For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from
heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the
earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may
give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater,
So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my
mouth : it shall not return unto me void, but it shall
accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper
in the thing whereto I sent it.
For ye shall go out with joy, and be led forth with
peace: the mountains and the hills shall break forth
before you into singing, and all the trees of the field
shall clap their hands.
Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and
instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle tree : and
it shall be to the Lord for a name, for an everlasting
sign that shall not be cut off.
Hosea 14. 4-7
I will heal their backsliding, I will love them freely :
for mine anger is turned away from him. I will be as
the dew unto Israel : he shall grow as the lily, and cast
forth his roots as Lebanon.
His branches shall spread, and his beauty shall be
as the olive tree, and his smell as Lebanon.
They that dwell under his shadow shall return ; they
shall revive as the corn, and grow as the vine: the
scent thereof shall be as the wine of Lebanon.
Malachi 4- 1-3
For, behold, the day cometh, that shall bum as an

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 213
oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly,
shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn
them up, saith the Lord of hosts, that it shall leave
them neither root nor branch.
But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of
righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye
shall go forth, and grow up as calve.s of the stall.
And ye shall tread down the wicked ; for they shall
be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I
shall do this, saith the Lord of hosts.
Matthew 7. 24-27
Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine,
and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man,
which built his house upon a rock:
And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the
winds blew, and beat upon that house ; and it fell not :
for it was founded upon a rock.
And every one that heareth these sayings of mine,
and doeth them uot, shall be likened unto a foolish man,
which built his house upon the sand :
And the rain descended, and the floods came, and
the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell:
and great was the fall of it.
This passage is selected from the Sermon on the
Mount because it seems to sum up the discourse. The
entire passage (chapters 5-7) has the highest literary
value. See the statement by Senator Beveridge, Intro
duction. Matthew 16. 1-4
The Pharisees also with the Sadducees came, and
tempting desired him that he would show them a sign
from heaven.
He answered and said unto them. When it is eve
ning, ye say. It will be fair weather: for the sky is red.
And in the morning. It will be foul weather to day :
for the sky is red and lowering. O ye hypocrites, ye

214 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
can discern the face of the sky ; but can ye not discern
the signs of the times?
A wicked and adulterous generation seeketh after
a sign ; and there shall no sign be given unto it, but the
sign of the prophet Jonas. And he left them, and de
parted. Matthew 22. 15-21
Then went the Pharisees, and took counsel how they
might entangle him in his talk.
And they sent out unto him their disciples with the
Herodians, saying. Master, we know that thou art true,
and teachest the way of God in truth, neither carest
thou for any man : for thou regardest not the person of
men. Tell us therefore. What thinkest thou? Is it lawful
to give tribute unto Caesar, or not?
But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said. Why
tempt ye me, ye hypocrites?
Show me the tribute money. And they brought unto
him a penny.
And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and
superscription ?
They say unto him, Caesar's. Then saith he unto
them. Render therefore unto Caesar the things which
are Caesar's ; and unto God the things that are God's.
Mark 8. 34-38
And when he had called the people unto him with
his disciples also, he said unto them, Whosoever will
come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his
cross, and follow me.
For whosoever will save his life shall lose it; but
whosoever shall lose his life for my sake and the gos
pel's, the same shall save it.
For what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the
whole world, and lose his own soul?
Or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 215
Whosoever therefore shall be ashamed of me and of
my words in this adulterous and sinful generation;
of him also shall the Son of man be ashamed, when
he cometh in the glory of his Father with the holy
angels. Mark 16. 1-8
And when the Sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene,
and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, had bought
sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him.
And very early in the morning of the first day of the
week, they came unto the sepulcher at the rising of
the sun.
And they said among themselves. Who shall roll us
away the stone from the door of the sepulcher? And
when they looked, they saw that the stone was rolled
away: for it was very great.
And entering into the sepulcher, they saw a young
man sitting on the right side, clothed in a long white
garment; and they were affrighted.
And he saith unto them. Be not affrighted : Ye seek
Jesus of Nazareth, which was crucified : he is risen ;
he is not here: behold the place where they laid him.
But go your way, tell his disciples and Peter that he
goeth before you into Galilee: there shall ye see him,
as he said unto you.
And they went out quickly, and fled from the sepul
cher; for they trembled and were amazed: neither
said they anything to any man ; for they were afraid.
Luke 10. 25-37
(See Chapter XIX.) Luke 15. 11-24
And he said, A certain man had two sons :
And the younger of them said to his father. Father,
give me the portion of goods that faileth to me. And
he divided unto them his living.

216 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
And not many days after the younger son gathered
all together and took his journey into a far country,
and there wasted his substance with riotous living.
And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty
famine in that land ; and he began to be in want.
And he went and joined himself to a citizen of that
country ; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine.
And he would fain have filled his belly with the
husks that the swine did eat: and no man gave unto
him. And when he came to himself, he said, How many
hired servants of my father's have bread enough and
to spare, and I perish with hunger!
I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto
him. Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before
thee. And am no more worthy to be called thy son : make
me as one of thy hired servants.
And he arose, and came to his father. But when he
was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had
compassion, and ran and fell on his neck, and kissed
him. And the son said unto him. Father, I have sinned
against heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more
worthy to be called thy son.
But the father said to his servants, Bring forth the
best robe, and put it on him ; and put a ring on his
hand, and .shoes on his feet:
And bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it ; and let
us eat, and be merry :
For this my son was dead, and is alive again ; . he
was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry.
John 1. 1-5
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was
with God, and the Word was God.
The same was in the beginning with God.

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 217
All things were made by him ; and without him was
not any thing made that was made.
In him was life ; and the life was the light of men.
And the light shineth in darkness ; and the darkness
comprehended it not. John 3. 7-12
Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born
again. The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest
the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh,
and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of
the Spirit.
Nicodemus answered and said unto him. How can
these things be?
Jesus answered and said unto him. Art thou a mas
ter of Israel, and knowest not these things?
Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do
know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive
not our witness.
If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not,
how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things ?
Acts 17. 22-31
Then Paul stood in the midst of Mars' Hill, and
said, Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things
ye are too superstitious.
For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I
found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UN
KNOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye ignorantly wor
ship, him declare I unto you.
God that made the world and all things therein, see
ing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dweileth not
in temples made with hands;
Neither is worshiped with men's hands, as though
he needed any thing, seeing he giveth to all life, and
breath, and all things;
And hath made of one blood all nations of men for

218 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath deter
mined the times before appointed, and the bounds of
their habitation ;
That they should seek the Lord, if hajjly they might
feel after him, and flnd him, though he be not far from
every one of us :
For in him we live, and move, and have our being;
as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are
also his offspring.
Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we
ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold,
or silver, or stone, graven by art and man's device.
And the times of this ignorance God winked at ; but
now commandeth all men every where to repent:
Because he hath appointed a day, in the which he
will judge the world in righteousness by that man
whom he hath ordained; whereof he hath given as
surance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from
the dead. Acts 28. 1-5
And when they were escaped, then they knew that
the island was called Melita.
And the barbarous people showed us no little kind
ness : for they kindled a fire, and received us every one,
because of the present rain, and because of the cold.
And when Paul had gathered a bundle of sticks, aud
laid them on the fire, there came a viper out of the
heat, and fastened on his hand.
And when the barbarians saw the venomous beast
hang on his hand, they said among themselves. No
doubt this man is a murderer, whom, though he hath
escaped the sea, yet vengeance suffereth not to live.
And he shook off the beast into the fire, and felt no
harm.
Romans 5. 1-8
Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 219
with God through our Lord Jesus Christ : By whom
also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we
stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God.
And not only so, but we glory in tribulations also :
knowing that tribulation worketh patience;
And patience, experience; and experience, hope:
And hope maketh not ashamed; because the love of
God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost
which is given unto us.
For when we were yet without strength, in due time
Christ died for the ungodly.
For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet
peradventure for a good man some would even dare to
die. But God commendeth his love toward us, in that,
while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
Romans 8. 35-39
Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? shall
tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or
nakedness, or peril, or sword?
As it is written. For thy sake we are killed all the
day long; we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter.
Nay, in all these things we are more than conquer
ors through him that loved us.
For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor
angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things pres
ent, nor things to come.
Nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall
be able to separate us from the love of God, which is
in Christ Jesus our Lord.
1 Corinthians 13. 1-13
Though I speak with the tongues of men and of
angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding
brass, or a tinkling cymbal.

220 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
And though I have the gift of prophecy, and under
stand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I
have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and
have not charity, I am nothing.
And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor,
and though I give my body to be burned, and have not
charity, it profiteth me nothing.
Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth
not ; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up.
Doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own,
is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil;
Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth ;
Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all
things, endureth all things.
Charity never faileth : but whether there be prophe
cies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they
shall cease ; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish
away. For we know in part, and we prophesy in part.
But when that which is perfect is come, then that
which is in part shall be done away.
When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood
as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a
man, I put away childish things.
For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then
face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I
know even as also I am known.
And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three;
but the greatest of these is charity.
1 Corinthians 15. 40-44
There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial :
but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of
the terrestrial is another.
There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of
the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star
differeth from another star in glory.

PASSAGES FOR SPECIAL STUDY 221
So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown
in corruption ; it is raised in incorruption :
It is sown in dishonor; it is raised iu glory: it is
sown in weakness; it is raised in power: It is sown a
natural body ; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a
natural body, and there is a spiritual body.

CHAPTER XXVI
TOPICS FOR EXTENDED STUDY
The list of topics in this chapter is designed for those
students whose time permits them to do work beyond
the regular assignments; and also for those whose in
terest in the subject will not cease with the completion
of this book. Some of them may be mastered in a short
time and others will afford opportunity for extended
investigation. 1. Indicate the elements of strength in the following
passages : "In the beginning God created the
heavens and the earth" ; "There was a man in
the land of Uz whose name was Job" ; "Ye must
be born again."
2. Read Job 28, Psalm 23, and 1 Corinthians 13 in the
King James Version and the Revised Version,
and make a comparison between them from a
literary point of view. This exercise may be ex
tended indefinitely.
3. Make a study of Saint Paul as a philosopher, a
theologian, and a man of letters.
4. Compare the picture of the early Christians drawn
in Acts with that in Quo Vadis.
5. How far does Milton's Samson Agonistes follow
the narrative in Judges?
6. Compare Tennyson's "Dora" with the book of Ruth.
7. Compare Milton's style in his poems in which bib
lical allusions are numerous with those like Co
mus and 11 Penseroso in which the allusions are
chiefly to the Greek and Roman classics.
8. In considering man's relation to God the figure of
the potter and the clay is frequently employed.
Study the treatment of this theme by Saint Paul
222

TOPICS FOR EXTENDED STUDY 223
(Romans 9. 20-23) ; Browning ("Rabbi Ben
Ezra"); Omar Khdyy^m (The Rubaiyat, 82-
90) ; Milton ("Paradise Lost," Books V and X) ;
Carlyle ("Past and Present"); Isaiah 64. 8;
Jeremiah 18. 1-6; and Shakespeare (Henry VIII,
11,2).
Study the topic "Unfulfilled Aspirations" as treated
by Saint Paul : When I would do good, evil is
present with me; Ovid: Video et probo meliora,
sed deteriora sequor; Tennyson (Maud, X, 6) :
And ah for a man to rise in me that the man
I am might cease to be;
Tennyson: "The Two Voices"; Browning
("Rabbi Ben Ezra") : What I aspired to be aud
was not comforts me ;
Browning (Abt Vogler) : All that we have
willed or dreamed of good shall exist; not its
semblance but itself;
Browning ("Andrea del Sarto") :
"I do what many dream of all their lives.
Dream? Strive to do, and agonize to do,
And fail in doing. I could count twenty such
On twice your fingers, and not leave this town ;
Chapman: 'Tis immortality to die aspiring.
As if a man were taken quick to heaven."
Burns (Address to the Unco Guid) :
Who made the heart, 'tis he alone
Decidedly can try us,
He knows each bird — its various tone.
Each spring — its various bias:
Then at the balance, let's be mute,
We never can adjust it;
What's done we partly may compute,
But know not what's resisted.

224 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Many other topics will recur to the student
whose treatment by various authors will be found
interesting and profitable.
10. Read Browning's "Saul," "A Death in the Desert,"
and "Caliban upon Setebos," and note the au
thor's departure from the biblical narratives.
11. Compare the theories of living as set forth in Eccle
siastes and the "Rubaiyat" (Fitzgerald's trans
lation).
12. Make a list of extra-biblical passages from "Para
dise Lost."
13. Make a list of extra-biblical passages from "Para
dise Regained."
14. Show how the Spirit of the Bible is illustrated in
"The Higher Pantheism," "Enoch Arden,''
"Crossing the Bar," "Locksley Hall." Would you
call Tennyson a Christian poet?
15. Read the following poems from Whittier and com
pare them with corresponding passages of Scrip
ture. Make a list of the direct and indirect refer
ences. "The Holy Land."
"Palestine."
"Ezekiel." "The Wife of Manoah to her Husband."
"The Cities of the Plain."
"The Crucifixion."
"The Star of Bethlehem."
10. Read Longfellow's "Christus," and make a list
of the scripture passages to which reference is
made.
17. Make a special study of Shakespeare's use of quota
tions from Proverbs.
IS. Make a critical comparison of Paul's Address on
Mars' Hill with Lincoln's Gettysburg Address,
Note the similarity in length.

CHAPTER XXVII
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
The sets of questions in this chapter have been used
by the author with good success, and they are printed
as guides for those who may wish to examine students
upon the course outlined in this book. The first list of
twenty questions has been designated as an "intelli
gence test" on the assumption that the student's gen
eral intelligence ought to enable him to answer them.
One's definition of "general intelligence" undergoes
revision as a result of the examination.
Preliminary Examination
1 1. What books comprise the Pentateuch ?
2. What book contains the narrative of the giving of
the Ten Commandments?
3. Who was Miriam? Jephthah's daughter?
4. Who said. Thou art the man?
5. Who has been mentioned as the author of Job?
6. Who were the minor prophets?
7. Which is the most popular Psalm?
8. Name two characters in the Song of Solomon.
9. What book does not mention the name of God?
10. In what book is Samson mentioned?
11. Which are the Synoptic Gospels?
12. Who wrote the book of Acts ?
13. Describe briefly the conversion of Saul of Tarsus.
14. In which Gospel is the expression "Verily,
verily," found?
15. Name three of Paul's Epistles.
16. Who said, What is truth?
225

226 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
17. Complete the verse. And now abideth faith, hope,
charity, these three.
18. What book in the Old Testament closely resem
bles Revelation?
19. Tell the story of Ananias and Sapphira.
20. Which disciple doubted Christ's resurrection?
II 1. Write five quotations from the Pentateuch which
have a literary value. Do not include those given in
Question 6.
2. Tell the story of Jephthah's daughter, of Moses at
the burning bush, and Esau's selling of his birthright.
3. King Lear in speaking of Cordelia refers to the
"Barbarous Scythian" and also says, "He that parts
us shall bring a brand from heaven, and fire us hence
like foxes." Give the biblical settings.
4. In the following cases give the setting and the
biblical reference:
a. Germany promised bread, she gave a stone
(Anon.). b. Clouds and darkness are round about him (Gar
field). c. Thy people shall be my people, and thy God my
God (Hoar).
5. What is meant by "cultural reverence"? Has it
any special application to the study of the Bible?
6. Write paragraphs containing the following quo
tations used in a literary sense: The woman gave me
of the tree and I did eat; Am I my brother's keeper?
The voice is Jacob's voice; but the hands are the hands
of Esau ; A stranger in a strange land.
Model: Brown had been working faithfully under
the old bank president for thirty years; but "there
arose up a new king which knew not Joseph," and he
lost his place.

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS 227
III 1. Name the oldest song in the Bible, quote what
you can of it, and give one interpretation.
2. Give the biblical setting and the literary meaning
of the following passages : "The glory is departed from
Israel" ; "Loose thy shoe from off thy foot" ; "The stars
in their courses fought against Sisera."
3. Give the principal incidents in the story of Ba
laam and Balak; or
4. Give the principal incidents in the story of Rahab
and the spies.
5. Compare the use of the Bible made by Shakespeare
and Milton, as to extent and manner.
6. Lowell says : -
" 'Tis not the grapes of Canaan that repay.
But the high faith that failed not by the way."
Explain fully.
7. Write a list of Old Testament books of narratives.
IV 1. Write an example of aposiopesis from Genesis.
2. Of sarcasm from Job.
3. Of_hyperbole from John.
4. Of irony_ from 1 Kings.
5. Name and illustrate the three classes of parallel
ism. 6. What are the divisions of the book of Job?
7. State briefiy the purpose of each division.
8. Discuss the subject, "Unfulfilled Aspirations," as
treated by Tennyson in "Maud" and "Timbuctoo";
Browning in "Rabbi Ben Ezra" and Abt Vogler ; Ovid ;
and Saint Paul.
9. Tell the story of the events leading to the Song
of Deborah. Write two frequently quoted passages,
and an illustration of sarcasm.
10. Tell the story of Esther, and comment upon the
four leading characters.

228 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
V 1. How are the following passages used in literature?
a. There were giants in the earth in those days.
b. A land flowing with milk and honey.
c. They hanged Haman on the gallows that he had
prepared for Mordecai.
d. Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth
out the corn.
e. Is Saul also among the prophets?
2. Outline the following biblical narratives :
a. The courtship of Isaac and Rebekah.
b. Saul and the witch of Endor.
c. The story of Hezekiah and the sundial.
d. The story of Ruth; or
d. The story of Esther.
3. Write a short literary criticism on the Song of
Deborah and Barak.
4. Write two biblical quotations from Shakespeare,
one from Milton, two from Tennyson, one from Long
fellow, and three from the orators.
5. Write biblical illustrations of the following
flgures of speech : climax, parallelism, exaggera
tion, irony or sarcasm, the pun.
6. Give Bible settings for the following :
Thomas Hardy (Napoleon) : "Not Russia but God's
sky has conquered me."
Alfred de Vigny (Richelieu) : He has had a Pisgah
view of the promised land.
Reginald Heber (Palestine) :
No hammers fell, no ponderous axes rung;
Like some tall palm the mystic fabric sprung.
Longfellow (Morituri Salutamus) :
Let not him boast who puts his armor on,
As he who puts it off, the battle done.

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS 229
Whittier (Hymns) :
With that deep voice which from the skies,
Forbade the patriarch's sacriflce,
God's angel cries, "Forbear."
VI 1. Give two methods of interpreting Ecclesiastes
and two of the Song of Solomon.
2. Write a brief paper on "Ecclesiastes : a Theory of
Life." 3. Write two familiar quotations from the Song of
Solomon and interpret them.
4. Describe the acrostic form used in Lamentations.
5. Write and explain three biblical quotations from
Whittier. 6. Write a list of the Old Testament books, and after
each note the class to which it belongs.
VII 1. State the six divisions of the book of Job and
the speakers in each division.
2. Write a brief outline of the flrst and second
rounds of the debate, and give an explanation of the
irregularity in the third round.
3. Compare the book of Job with any of the other
four skeptical dramas (Owen), and state the under
lying principle of a skeptical drama.
4. Write five biblical quotations from Lowell.
5. Quote a verse or passage illustrating a Psalm of
humility, a nature Psalm, and an imprecatory Psalm.
6. Explain the use of Psalm 24 as a ritualistic
service.
VIII 1. Name the major prophets and distinguish them
from the minor prophets.

230 THE ENGLISH -BIBLE
2. Write four of the best passages from Isaiah.
3. Describe the circumstances under which Jere
miah was written, and characterize its literary value.
4. Write a frequently quoted proverb from Ezekiel.
5. Outline the story of Daniel in the lions' den; or,
the story of the three Hebrew children.
6. How does the book of Daniel differ from the other
Old Testament books, and with what New Testament
book may it be compared?
IX 1. Describe the political conditions under which
Amos and Hosea wrote.
2. Outline the striking method of appeal employed
by Amos in the first two chapters.
3. Compare Micah's teachings with those of modern
socialistic reformers.
4. What is the lesson of the book of Jonah?
5. Name three prophets of the restoration period and
give their messages.

1. Outline the following New Testament narratives :
The visit of the Wise Men ; the temptation of Jesus ;
the death of .John the Baptist; the transfiguration of
Jesus. 2. Discuss the literary characteristics of the four
gospels. 3. Write a brief essay on Jesus' method of teach
ing, and use several examples.
4. Wherein lie the literary power and charm of the
Sermon on the Mount?
5. Tell the story of the conversion of Saul of Tarsus.
6. Compare the styles of preaching employed by
Peter and Paul.

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS 231
7. Why does Paul's address on Mars' Hill possess a
high literary value?
XI 1. Write a list of Paul's epistles in chronological
order. 2. Many critics hold that Paul's system of theology
was not based directly upon the teachings of Jesus.
What is your opinion?
3. Write three or four of the finest passages from
Paul's epistles.
4. What is the theme of the Epistle to the Hebrews?
5. What are some of the perplexing questions which
have arisen concerning the shorter letters in the New
Testament ?
6. How would you characterize the book of Revela
tion?XII 1. Explain the following biblical references:
Whether it be that in which the psalmist, weary of the
persecutions of bad men, wisheth to himself dove's
wings — or that other, which, with a like measure of
sobriety and pathos, inquireth by what means the
young man shall cleanse his mind (Charles Lamb).
Wits spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind of
Melchizedek, without father or mother of any kind
(Thomas Carlyle). What is truth? said jesting Pi
late, and would not stay for an answer (Francis Ba
con). 2. Amos and Hosea : Period, message, literary char
acter of their writings.
3. Write three quotations from the Second Isaiah
which have a literary value.
4. What is your interpretation of the book of
Jonah ? Explain.
5. Tell the story of Belshazzar's feast and give a
common quotation.

232 THE ENGLISH BIBLE
A suggested final EXAMINATION
XIII 1. Write correctly seven of the ten passages which
have been selected as being especially noteworthy from
a literary point of view.
2. Discuss the relation of the clay and the potter as
treated by Saint Paul, Browning, Carlyle, and Omar
Khdyyam. 3. What is the problem of the book of Job? What
solutions are suggested?
4. Write three illustrations of Jesus' skill in an
swering difficult questions.
5. Write a criticism of the book of Ecclesiastes.
6. Quote three familiar selections from American
orators based upon the Bible. Give their setting both
in the orations and in the Bible.
7. Write four biblical references from the Soliloquy
in a Spanish Cloister.
8. Tell the story of Ruth. While this should be con
densed try and' keep the literary style as closely as
possible. '^
9. Outline two interpretations of the Song of Solo
mon. 10. Quotations from Shakespeare:
"By Jacob's .staff, I swear."
"Thou knowest in the state of innocency Adam fell."
Give the setting of the quotation both in Shakespeare
aud in the Bible.

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