UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON, AND OF HIS FATHER CHARLES CARROLL OF DOUGHOREGON. CARROLL, CHARLES. UMI Books on Demand YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY flhi^ ... is an authorized facsimile made from the master copy of the original book. Further unauthorized copying is prohibited. ^' Books on Demand is a pubhshing service of UML The program offers xerographic reprints of more than 136,000 books that are no longer in print. The primary focus of Books on Demand is academic and professional resource materials originally pub lished by university presses, academic societies, and trade book publishers worldwide. UMI BOOKS ON DEMAND™ UMI A Bell & Howell Company 300 Nortti Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1346 1-800-521-0600 734-761-4700 http://vvww.bellhowell.infolean^ing.com Printed in 2001 by xerographic process on acid-free paper Cbe TnnlteO States aatbollc Dtatorical Soctetc Aonoflcapb Settee f. UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OK CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON, AND OF HIB PATMEK, CHARLES CARROLL OF DOUGHOREGAN. COMPILKI) AND BOITKD WITH A MBMOIH BY THOMAS MEAGHER FIELD. N K W YORK; PDBLIBDBO UY THE UNITED STATES CATHOLIC HISTORICAL SOOIE'J'Y. leoa. — £50^. (a da C 5 7 7 Oopyrtcbt, IBOS, BT THE UNITED STATES OATBOUO HISTOKIOAL SOOIBTY. Of seven hundred and fifty copies of this volume puhlialiod, this is No. / J ^ 7 PREFACE. At tliis time of awukoued iutorost iu till that apper tains to the history of the Colonial Era of our country, the compiler of these Letters of Charles Carroll of Car- rollton feels that he is warranted in publishing them and that they will bo an appreciated addition to the Colonial Documents which have already appeared. The bulk of the correspondoncc contained in this volume is derived from the original letters of Charles Carroll of ('arrollton, which belonged to his groat-grandson, the late Charles Carroll Mactavish, Esq., of Baltimore, ]^Iary]and. They are here published by permission of his widow, the present owner of the historic collection. The greater and by far the more important part of these documents is now published for the first time, notably the letters which deal with the enactment and attempted execution of the Stamp Act and the exoite- iiient in tlie Colonies consequent thereon. Some few extracts from this Correspondence, it should be stated, appeared in 1874 in Appleton's Journal, but included less than a twentieth part of the original letters. Tlio part of the present Correspondence written by friends of Mr, Carroll serves to bring home to us the esteem an<1 veneration in which all classes of his coun trymen hdhi the name and character of Charles Carroll of Cnrrolltoii. " There are certain fundamental laws essential to, and interwoven with ;7e English CooBlltutlOD, which even a Parliament itself can not abrogate. Such I take to be that allowed maxim of the Constitu- tioD, that invaluable privilege, the birthright of Englishmen of being taxed with ibeir own consent ; the deflnition of freedom ia tbe being governed hy laws to which we have given our consent, as the defini tion of slavery is tbe very, reverse," ChABLBS OARROLI. of C'ARBOI.IiTON. CONTENTS. OBAPTCR PAQS Phbfaob 8 I. rNTRODDOTION 7 II. Charles Carroll of Carrollton in Franob (1751-59) 20 III. Cbarlbb Carroll of Carrollton in England (1769-61) 80 IV, Cbarlbb Carroll of Carrollton in England (1760-fll) 66 V. CiiARLBs Carroll of Carrollton in England (1768-64) 74 VI, Cbarlbb Carrqli. of Carrollton at Homb — Kobe- BODINOa OF THB AUBRIOAN REVOLUTION (176S) 67 VII. PORBBOOINOB OF TBE AMBRIOAN RBVOLOTION (1765)... 96 VIII. The Hepbal of the Stamp Act (1766-66) 107 IX, Tbe Uiobtb of tub Colonibb (1766-67)— Mb. Car> ROLL'S MaRRIAOE 136 X, The ItiuBTS of the Colonies (1791)— Continued.. ., . 187 XI. Mr, Carroll as a Stock-raibbr (1707-68) 146 XII. Afteu tbb Bbvolotion — Mb. Cabroll in the Senate of tbe United States (1787-90) 100 XIII. Mb, Carroll in tbe Sbnatb — IIis Rebignatxon — Family Lbttebb (1790-1800) 168 XIV. Mr. Carroll and bib Cbildren (1614-17) 178 XV. Mr, Carroll and bib ORANODADonTRRB (1817; 188 XVI. Mr. Carroll and the Marobionbbb of Wbllbblbt (1826-80) 197 XVII. The End (1880-82) 216 Appendix 229 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. CHAPTER L INTRODUCTION. From the earliest times Ireland was dominated by clans of considerable power, each sept governed by its hereditary prince, tbe ruling power descending in line from father to son in the hereditary fashion of a reign ing house. Among the most famous of the Irish septa are traced the names of O'Rourke, MacDermott, and the historic house of Ely O'CarroU. Directly in lino on the paternal side, Charlos Carroll of Carrollton, the distinguished subject of this memoir, is found to descend from Olioll Olum, king of Munster, who flourished as far back as the third century.' But it is to be observed, a difference of opinion occurs as to an early progenitor of the republican patriot. Tiege, the grandson of Olioll Olum, is placed by Betham in tbe middle of the twelfth century, but is mentioned by Frederick John O'CarroU as having flourished in the thirteenth. But compared with Betham, O'CarroU waa an amateur compiler of historic events, and more liable to error than the oflioial recorder, ^trho was a man of a ¦ Sir William Uolhiiin, Irish Antiquarian ResoarcheB (Dublin, 1820), Part I, p, 06. O OOARLSa CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. keener wit and more practised research in the line of historic data. Though the chiefs of Ireland are described as kings, their government was local, and Ireland was ruled by a monarch, to whom the princes owed loyalty and Siervice as subjects and vassals of the king. " The obligations of the monarch and his subjects were mutual; their rights wore defined, and each lived in perpetual jealousy of the encroachments of the other. The factions easily devised pretences for withholding obedience from the monarch; the monarch in this case could seek redress only by making war upon his sub jects. If the presents demanded by every inferior prince were denied, delayed, or not exactly proportioned to his claims, ho refused his services. The monarch was left to the resources of his hereditary province, and in the most dangerous emergencies was f ro(]uently without any army." ^ The same historian speaks of the Irish pnnces as " provincial kings." Betham snys: " It is indisputable that the O'Oarrolls were in very early ages kings of the entire district of Ely, and that the territory was so named from Ely, daughter of Luchta, son of the Xing of Munster, ono of our ancient lawgivers, who flourished about the time of our Lord Jesus Christ." ^ A curious rolio of the sept of Ely, culled the " Box of Dimma," is still oxtant,* though the origin of this famous casket is diininod by the doubtful mists of an uncertain antiquity. The casket is wrought in brass and ¦Thomas Leland, D,D,, History of Ireland, Ixindon, 1773, Vol. 1, p, xxxil, ' Kir Wm. lietbam, Irish Antiquarian ReoenralieB, Part I, p. 106. • Ibid., p. 31, INTRODUCTION. ^ silver, richly chased, and ornamented with the figures of lions rampant. Part of the silver tracery still re mains, and an oval of polished crystal shaped like a cuirass, ^vith settings of lapis lazuli. Inscribed on the box is the namo of Tatheus O'CarroU, chief of Ely, and around the margin, in Gothic characters, is traced the following inscription: " Tatdeus O'Kearduill Bbideev Meipsum Dbau- kavit: Dominus Donnaldds Oouanain Converbius Ultimo Meipsu&iRestaubavit: Tomas Ceabu Daohobio IN Minsha " — " Tiege O'Corroll Boy caused me to be gilt. The Lord Donald O'Cuanain, the Coadjutor to the Bishop, last restored me. Thonioa was the artist who decorated this precioua relic." " One Dimma, runs the legend, a saintly person, greatly skilled in penmanship, lived in the district of Ely in the beginning of the sixth century. At the re quest of St. Cronaii, the founder of the Abbey of Ros- crea, this Dimma undertook a copy of the four Evan gelists, stipulating, however, that he should write only for the space of one day. " Write, then," said the Blessed Cronan, " until the going down of the sun." So Dimma began his task, and St. Cronan, " by Divine Grace and power," caused the sun to shine in that place for forty days and forty nights, and " neither was the writer fatigued with continual labor, nor did he feel the want of food or drink or sleep; but he thought the days and nights were but one day, and in that period the four Evangelists were indeed not so well as correctly written." " The manuscript was enclosed in the richly * Sir Wni, Uetliani, Kescnrclica, Part I, p, 40. • Ibid., p. 40. 10 CHARLlSa CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. ornamented Box of Dimma fashioned for it. Scroll and casket, for a space of time, disappeared, but both were ultimately found in the cave of a mountain; und in 1810 the " Society of Antiquaries of London " gravely laid before the Royal Irish Academy an essay entitled *' Description of a rich and ancient box containing a Latin copy of the Gospels, which was found in a moun tain in the county of Tipperary." ' When the subjection of Ireland was gradually accom plished, the princely chieftains lost their curly power, and hardly a vestige of their rule remained when Henry VIII. was the first of English monarohs declared King of Ireland. This success of arms was followed by the introduction of the penal code inflicting penalties for non-conformity to the established church of the state. To this measure Irolaud opposed a sliarp and stubborn resistance, resulting in a conflict prolonged nnd bloody; but the might of superior force prevailed, and confisca tion, imprisonment, and fines followed; thousands of hapless people sank to ruin, noble families losing lands and wealth and sometimes life itself in the hopeless and unequal struggle. Among tlio sufForers of these early rigors of the penal code were the chiefs of Ely, whose doHcondant three centuries later, writing from Maryland of those dosporuto times, speaks " of ye low estate to which ail the branches of our family are reduced by the struggle ye ancient Irish maintained for the support of their religion." * A letter penned in the first years of the sixteenth cen- 'Sir Wm. liotlinni, ncapurt-licH, I'nrt I, p. 44. * Letter of Charles Carroll of Dougliorngan to liia son Charles Cnrroll of Carrollton, INTROJD OCTION. 1 1 tury, and still extant, gives a glimpse of an heir of Ely O'CarroU, then " his Majesty's ward." This interest ing document, couched in the language of the Shake spearian age, refers to a lawsuit between the guardian of John O'CarroU and his relative, Sir Mulrony, who had usurped the possessions of his youthful kinsman, and succeeded in attaching to himself the tenants of young Carroll's territory. DOODMENT I, Tipperary and King's County. A.U. lUlO. Right honorable: — As I acquainted your Lordship before you took your journey towards the north with my desire to go into Ely O'CarroU," I performed the same in your absence. Now I am to acquaint your lordship that the inhabit ants of Ely Carroll will not yield their consent for his Majesty's ward John Carroll to have as much means as ^vill keep him to school in a very poor fashion, much less will they let him have those lands and estates which by virtue of letters patent obtained from the prince by his ancestors, he ought to have and enjoy. Even so great is their rudeness that they will not allow the royal dues to be paid, so that unless your lordship in his clemency will have pity on the child for the present, and not be prejudiced against him during his minority, and also because he is a poor friendless orphan, I protest upon my credit that he will be the poorest gentleman in estate, of his rank. In this Kingdom. . . . Yet 'O'Carroll's territory. Including portions of Kings County and Tipperary. — Papers of the Marquis of Ormonde. 12 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. the many matters held to have been extortions are omitted by me to be dealt in before you such time as your lordship does please to lay mo down allowance iu lue for them the next term, when the late oflice taken shall be returned, 'like that which is ordered for the lords, and gentry of the same rank as Carroll in coun ties adjoining Ely. And whereas it pleased your lord ship to order that Sir Mulrony Carroll should enjoy dur ing your lordship's pleasure the Castle of Clonelish, with certain lands, I humbly pray your lordship to rescind ' your first said order, and order the sunic possession for me for these considerations following, first because John Carroll is found to be the right heir to Sir Wil liam and Sir Charles O'CarroU; secondly for that Mul rony would fain be O'CarroU as tanistry "* which ho cannot clnim in any other way; thirdly because I do not think it well that he who is enemy to the King's ward should have possession of any of the ward's lands, and much less of his castles; lastly, good my lord, in whatever way you intend to deal with them privately, let mo during the time of his Majesty's interest in the ward, reap the benefit of the wardship. And if your lordship thinks that Sir Mulrony Carroll has deserved well by his service, your lordship may otherwise recom pense him without prejudice to the ward, but this I feel it my duty to say, that I am sure your lordship will do well in giving authority to the most worthy people in that county to bind the sons of Sir Mulrony, and most of the gentry of Ely, to be forthcoming on short notice whenever they may bo called upon, for I know nothing ¦'Tanistry is a mode of holding estates by election, peculiar to Ireland. INTRODUCTION. 13 else that will keep them from being dishonest when they list to take the opportunity. Thus with remembrance of my humble duty, I remain Your honorable good lordship's humbly at command TuEOBALO Butler." Charles Carroll, the grandfather of Charles Carroll of Cavrollton, was the first of his line to settle in Mary land. He arrived in the colony in October, 1088, bear ing a commission constituting him attorney-guneral of the ])rovinco, and was later appointed by Lord Balti more his agent and Receiver-General.'* Having com pleted his studies at the College of Douay, in France, and a course of law at the Inner Temple, London, Charles Carroll begun his curocr in life as a secretary of Lord Powis, a favorite minister of James II. While filling this position, he conceived the purpose of leaving England and seeking in a strange land to re-establish the shattered fortunes of his name and house. Speaking of this Charlos O'CarroU, Sir William Betham says: "Ho was in groat favour with Kings Charles II. and James II., who wore not able to restore him to his paternal estate; but the latter made him grants of large tracts of land on the Monoccasy river, in the province of Maryland in North America, which was divided into three manors, of 20,000 acres each, and called, after the possessions he had lost in Ireland, " Viscount of Tulleophelim, Co. Carlow. By patent of 1003 the titles of Orniond and Ossory were entailed on him after the death of Thomas, tenth Earl, without male issue, who, however, sur vived him. — Historical Manuscripts, Commissions, etc. Papers of the Marquis of Ormonde, App. I. " Journal Riiyitl Hint, and Arch. Association of Ireland, 14 CBARLBa CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. viz. : Ely O'CarroU and Doughoregan. The third was called Carrolston [Carrollton]. This gentleman was also made attorney-general of the province, and his estates are stiU in the possession of his grandson, Charles O'CarroU-of Carrolston [Carrollton], Esq." " A month after the arrival in Maryland of the Attorney- General, the Protestant Revolution swept aside the power of Lord Baltimore, ousting him from territory which was the gift of u royal charter; nor was the government of the colony again restored to a Catholic proprietary. Charles Carroll married Martha Underwood of Mary land, but she dying, together with her only child, on February 14th, 1G03, he married Mary Darnall, the daughter of Colonel Henry Damall, a landed proprietor owning " The Woodyard " and " Portland Manor." The Darnalls of London had arrived in the Province about twenty years before the Protestant Revolution, and Colonel Henry Damall, the first of his family to come to Maryland, was a kinsman of Lord Baltimore. " His Tombstone is at the Woodyard. The vane upon the housetop, the wanesootted wall, and other relics and memorials of the era of the Darnalls are all preserved with the most studious care." '* Five only of the ten children of Charles and Mary Damall Carroll lived to maturity. The three sons, Henry, Charles, and Daniel, were sent abroad to be educated at St. Omera; ¦* Sir Win, Betham, Irish Researches, Part I, p, 08. The estate of Doughoregan is now in the possession of a great- grandson of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, John Leo Carroll, Esq,, of Maryland, '• O'Neill, Terra Mariio. INTRODUCTION. 16 Henry, the eldest, died at sea on his homeward voy age.*" Charles, .the second son, now became the heir to the family estates, which he actually inherited the following year when his father, the Attorney-General, died, on the 20th of July, 1720, At this time " there were two Charles Cui'rolls in Maryland, both men of great influence, wealth, and position," and both " exiles of Erin," and each " descended from leading, though totally distinct branches of the O'CarroUs of Ely." " Considerable light is thrown upon the question of the origin of one of these Charles CarroUs by a correspond ence on record between him and Sir Daniel O'CarroU." This correspondence, under the date " Annapolis in Maryland, Sop. 9th, 1748," says: " This day I received the favour of yours dated Lon don the 1st of May last, and embrace the first oppor tunity of acknowledging the some with an assurance of the pleasure I have in hearing the death of a gentleman of my namo, and so nearly related in family, tho' by the destinies and revolution of time and states separated from our native soil where our predecessors, time im memorial, inherited both ample estates and honours. My Brother John some years ago had resolved to go to the West Indies, Spanish Islands and Main, and in his passage with other gentlemen from Barbadoos to Antique [Antiguo], the vessel and all wore lost, which leaves me the only son of the family you inontion. But by this, I do not expect to interest ClouUak liallilril. Leap "See Appendix, Letter of Charles Carroll to "Sons Charles and Daniel." '•.Soo page 7. " Journal Royul Hist, and Arch. Association of Ireland, 16 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Castletown, or any other part or a foot in Ely O'Car roU. Transplantations, sequestrations, infamous in formations for loyalty, and other evils, forbid." Commenting on this letter, the same authority says: " There can be no doubt, from tho tone of the Letter of Charles Carroll of Annapolis, that this correspondant of Sir Daniel O'CaiToll was the Representative (of the elder branch of tho family). This branch expired in the male line in the iKirson of Charles, son of Charles of An napolis, and is now represented through the female line by John Carroll of tho Cavos." " Under tho now reginio, met, ii.s u Roman Catholic, on every side by the impassable barrier of the tost oaths, (Jhurlcs Carroll of Doughoregan never held, as his father hud, an ofliciul |iusition in the province, though, lis his letters show, his influence was of not a little weight in tho ufluirs of the Colony. Charles Carroll married his cousin Elizuboth Brooke, the daughter thly. Unless there be a Priest, there is no Exer cise of his function, without this the People have no use of their Religion, therefore since this is allowed to the People, the function must be allowed to the Priest and therefore his Priesthood must not be punLah- able. (Uhly. It's triftling to say we punish him not for the E.\crcise of his function, but for his being a Priest, hofuuso where that is innocent, this must be punishable, for what would it avail the People to have the use of their Religion allowed, or the Priest that he shall not be prosecuted for the Exercise of his function, if this same l\xercise shall be taken as proof to convict him as I'riest, and then to punish him for being a Priest, if this be allowed, then no use of Religion is allowed to the People, nor any Exercise of his function to tho Priest unless you say it's lawfull for the Priest to do that for which he may be hanged. Lastly supposing all the Laws in force and no such Liberty allowed, yet no Person is guilty in Law till con- INTROD UCTION. 19 victed, and supposing that a posthumous conviction were allowed, it cannot retrospect or rescind a Deed which was duly Executed before Conviction, when the Person was rectus in Curia, as all are tiU convicted to be otherwise.*" " Family Papers of Charles Carroll Mactavish, E^q. CHAPTER II. OUAULI08 CARROLL OF CARROLLTON IN FRANCE (1764-60). Ohables Oabbou:. of Cabuollton was born on tho 9th of September, 1737, on his father's plantation at An napolis. Young Carroll was sent abroad at an early age, to follow a course of study at Rheims and Bourges and a subsequent training in law at the Temple in London. In the reign of Elizabeth two celebrated colleges had sprung into existence, owing their origin to the penal law prohibiting Roman Catholic education during the reign of the Tudor queen. In protest against this statute, Douay was founded in France in 1668, and the College of Rheims in 1678. It was to Rheims that Charles Carroll went. Two centuries later, when the intolerant law had become a dead letter, it stiU re mained a traditional custom with the English student of the Catholic faith to frequent the foreign colleges his fathers had sought before him. A brief glance at these times will be interesting to recall more fully the spirit of the age in which was passed the youth and early man hood of the future Signer. At the death of Queen Anne occurred the change which affected the whole morale of the English nation, when the sceptre of Eng- IN FRANOB. 31 land passed from the native rulers into the hands of the Guelph princes of the house of Hanover. Many were the innovations that came in the train of the foreign dynasty, and the following pen-picture por trays this earlier phase of the " follies and vices " of the reign of the Georges. " Men of all ages," says the chronicle, " drink abominably." " Fox drinks what I should call a great deal, Sheridan excessively, and Grey more than any of them; but it is in a much more gentlemanly way than our Scotch drunkards, and is always accompanied witb Uvoly, clover conversation on subjects of importance. Pitt, the model young minister, broke down in the House — owing to a debauch the night before at the Duke of Buckingham's. . . . Gambling at this time was in the highest vogue, faro and macao tables being found at fashionable houses, and on ono occasion, the French Ambassador being ill, a faro table was set out in one of the apartments and the company played at cards, while the Ambassador lay in the adjoining room attended by physicians. . . . After a little while, gambling assumed another shape, that of laying on horses instead of on dice or cards." * Fencing was con sidered a necessity to a gentleman's education in a day when a rage prevailed for gaming and a devotion to Bacchus, a combination tending naturally to quarrels and duels, and the brawls of the coffee-house. " I sup pose you will meet with a good fencing-master," Charles Carroll wrote his son, who was thon at Rheims, " and I desire you will apply yourself to this exercise seri ously. ... A gentleman should know how to de- ' £ltfgerald. Courts and Cabinets. 22 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. fend himself if attacked." Charles Carroll's tastes were on the side of simplicity so fur as permitted by the fashions of the day, " 1 hear that you dress plainly," his father wrote, " and 1 commend you for it," but "since it is the -fashion, you should wear worked ruflles "; and he desired his son to " wear his own hair rather than a wig," which he considered " more fashion able and becoming." At this time the tie-wig had nearly superseded the hideous proportions of the periwig, and it was the time marked by the deca dence of the brilliant extravagance distinguishing dross in the earlier centuries. It was the era of the gold-laced coat, t:he canes and costly snuff-boxes of the gentlemen, vying with the brocades and jewelled fans of the beauties of the court of the Georges, made im mortal on tho canvas of Gainsborough and Sir Joshua Reynolds. Tho latter artist painted Charles Carroll of Carrollton in London at the age of twenty-four, and his portrait comes down to us a slight and serious-eyed young man, wearing a coat of pale lilac and the high white choker of the day.* Letter I. CnARLES CARROLL OF DOUGHOREOAN TO CHARLES CABROLL OP CARROLLTON. September 25th, 1754. Dear Charley, As I suppose you will meet with a good Fencing Master, I desire you will apply yourself to that Exercise seriously. A Gentleman should know how to defend himself if attacked. 'Owuoit by Miss Muctuvisli, IN FRANOB. 83 Your Mother is very desirous of having your Picture, and I hope you will gratify her if you can find a good Limner; let the size of the Picture be about 16 Inches long and 10 Inches wide.^ You had good hair when a Child, if it continues so pray wear it; it will become you better than a Wig and beside you will be more in the fashion. I presume you have all the Letters I have wrote to you by you, it may not be improper now and then to overlook them; I never Wrote to you as a Child, and therefore you may reap some advantage from a serious perusal of them. My Dear Child, I wish you Health, Sueceus in your Studies and a Daily increase of God'a Grace and Blessings bestowed on you and I am Dear Charley, Most Affectionately Yours, Charles Cabboll.* Letter H. ELIZABETH BROOKE CARROLL TO HEB SON, CHARLES CAB- BOLL OF CABBOLLTON. October 30, 1754. Dear Charley, I have not received a Letter from you since I wrote to you last, which was about this time twelvemonth; your Papa has received two from you since; which gave us ye greatest pleasure. I suppose you will be at Rheima when this reaches you; let me know how that Place agrees with you and how you like it. I still insist on having your Picture and imagine you wont meet with 'Taken in Paris. 'Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish. 24 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. any diflioulty in getting it drawn where you are. Your Papa's love for you is so great and he is so well pleeaed with your diligence, improvement and good dispositions that he is inclined to do everything for your Satisfac tion and advantage and we have reason to believe that you will continue to deserve our tenderness and care — which gives us ye greatest comfort imaginable. Your grand Mama and all other Friends are well and desire to be kindly remembered to you. I desire, my Dear, that you will be particular in writing to me. I am im patient to see you and hope, my Dear Charley, as you do, that a few Years more will bring us together. I have my Health, I thank God, very well and so has your Papa, which I know will be agreeable to you to hear, I pray God protect you. I am My Dear Child, Your Affectionate Mother, Elizabeth Bbooke CAnitor.i.,'^ I In these days it is said Maryland evinced some signs of aptitude for reproducing in little the manners and ways of the English nobility." Annapolis had " begun to be a centre of fashion," und " astonished the County people by a poor imitation " of the life and customs followed in London.** Luxury, it is said, abounded, and the tables of the small colonial capital were well supplied with coarse though palatable food. At breakfast guests were served with coffee, " a dish of chocolate," and " hashed meat, venison pasty, ' Family Papers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish, • O'Neill, Terra Maria. IN FRANOB. 26 punch, beer or cider; while at dinner appeared beef and veal, turkey, fish and oysters." ' Perhaps not a land mark remains of the early route from Annapolis to Bal timore in the year 1744 and later. Gentlemen rid ing from one to the other of these cities generally halted at " James Morris' house " near the head of the Severn; from there the next stop waa made at " Widow Hughes " near the Patapsco Ferry, and thence travel lers proceeded to " William Rogerston's " iu Baltimore, three miles from the ferry.'' " King George's War," which was terminated by the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, may be considered the virtual commencement of the long years of hostiUties between England and Franco, ending finally in success for the English arms. Charles CarroU of Carrollton, who waa abroad in these years, sustained an unflagging corre spondence with his father, and the latter wrote his son interesting details on the progress of the war. Besides these events of a general importance, there WQr«'> mat ters of a more individual interest to a certain portion of the Maryland Colony. The introduction of the penal laws in Maryland subjected adherents of tho Roman Catholic faith to the payment of a church tax and twice the amount of land tax that was paid by the members of the estabUshed creed. At the same time the former were debarred from the rights of voting and holding positions and offices of trust owing to the laws. At one time Charles Carroll decided to sell his lands and trans fer his wealth to Louisiana, then under the rule of the King of France. Subsequently, however, acquiescing probably in the wishes of his son, he abandoned thia < O'Neill, Terra Mariee. 20 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. intention and made his permanent home in the Colony of Maryland. In 1767 Charles Carroll of Doughoregan went abroad and visited his son, who was then in Paris. He returned to Maryland again this same year; prior to sailing he made some stay in the English metropolis. There he saw David Garrick, and wrote to his son some impressions of tho English stage. Letter III. OHARLICS CARROLL OF OOUUHORKaAN TO CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Januury Ist, 1758, London. Dear Charley I Received ye Pleasure of yours of ye 19th Past this day; I need not tell you it was most Welcome to me. I learnt by a Goiitlemun who left Annapolis ye 8th, my Affairs in Maryland were in as good a Situation as I could expect. Your letter is full and particular; a little time will reconcile you to your SoUitude; it will not appear so when you are well settled in your Studies. By all Means study to deserve tho Countenance of Mr. L'Intendant. You must Conforme to their amuse ments and learn to Play at Cards. And since it is ye Fashion, you should wear worked Ruffles. I have only been at three Plays yet, but I can tell you that ye stages at Paris are not to be compared to ours. Our stages are not only much larger, but infinitely bet ter decorated, and I prefer our Actors much to those at IN FRANOB. 27 Paris, Garrick in particular is both an excellent Comedian and Tragedian. The French surpass us in their Dresses and greatly in Dancing: Their stage is allso much more chaste. The licentiousness of ours is really shocking; I saw ye " Provoked Wife," which was only fit for an English Audience; and, yet, I could not observe one Lady to blush or be discomforted at the representation, I refer you to ye Gazette for Foreign news. The Report of ye General Officers appointed to enquire into ye Causes of ye failure of our late Secret Expedition, was lately published; it seems to censure General Mor- daunt, but it is not apprehended he will suffer or be dis graced. Lord Loudon is recalled and daily expected in England. Ye Ministry is much displeased with his Con duct and inactivity. With ye 4000 troops aent last October to America, its computed we have 24 [ ?] Reg ular troops there and a very speedy embarkation of 10,000 more is strongly talked of, so that allmost in spite of ill luck, Blunders, etc., we must carry our Point there. I pray God to grant you Health and Happiness and I assure you that I am Dear Charley, Your Most Affectionate Father, Charles Carroll. I believe I shall leave London about ye first of March, a convoy for ye Maryland and Virginia (States) being appointed ye 28th.^ The sailing of merchant and passenger ships under the protection of a " convoy " was a measure of safety * Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish. 28 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. in an age when vessels were subject to attack from enemies at war or acts of piracy. On the 28th of March, 1758, Charles Carroll saUed for Maryland in the " Duke William," and after a stormy voyage lasting nearly ten weeks arrived in Annapolis on the eleventh day of June, and in August he wrote to his son tho following letter: Letter IV. THE SAME to THE SAME. Augst. 30th, 1758. Dear (.'hurley. As this is ye safest Conveyance I shall have for a long time (our Fleet Sailing with Convoy) I with plousuro embrace it to inform you of my health. I often wish it was possible for mo to inspect and direct your conduct. I am sensible you entered into ye world fully instructed as to your Duty to God and with a sincere disposition to comply with it. Chnso your Compuny with ye greatest Circumspection, for Evil Communications cor rupt good manners. Avoid any intimacy or familiarity with ye Fair Sex. But I should ohuse that Women should allmost always make part of your Company, they will contribute to soften and polish ye manners. A cheerful!, lively, easy and polite behaviour is no way in consistent with Religion or your Duty to God. It is not only to promote your Eternal wellfare that I write thus to you; nothing contributes so much to our com fort here as Innocence and a clear Conscience; it height ens all ye pleasures of Life and enables us to bear as we ought ye Crosses and Afflictions incident to it. Ye IN FRANOB. fid Advantages of a Graceful Carriage and deportment are inestimable; what strikes us at first sight is a je ne saia quoi in ye Person and Manner of ye Man that addresses us; hence a favourable prepossession which, if sup ported by good sense and judgment, facilitates every thing he has to perform. But this Carriage, this Man ner must be quite easy and natural; any affectation is disgusting. Your Friends iu General are well; Captain CarroU married in my Absence one Miss Thompson with a for tune of 2500 Sterl. or thereabouts.^ Letter V. THE SAME TO THE SAME. April 16th. 1759 Dear Charley I see you have taken a Tour to the South of France and I hope it not only pleased but improved you, which is the reasonable end of TraveUing. I shall keep my Estate in and nigh Annapolis, two large seats of Land containing each about 13000 Acres, my Slaves and Iron Works to ye last, so that you may chuse; but I doubt not that you will think, as I do, if you should ever know our people. I approve your Re- tui'n to Paris and ye Residence you have chosen. My Compliments to all I bad ye honour to know in that House, especially to Mr. Galloway and his Pupil. I would advise you to purchase only ye books most noted as Livy's, Cicero's, Horace's, Virgil's, Caesar's works of that Edition. Mr. Perkins advised me of your Bill on * Family Letters of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish. 30 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. him for 130 Stcrg. and ho will by my repeated orders answer any you may draw. I desired Mr, Crookshanks to take to his own use 10 Guineas out of ye Hist money he received for you; if he has not done it, pruy pay it to him — it is but a trifling acknowledgment for his Civilities and Services to you and mc. Why do you not toll mo he is well? my sin- core Compliments to him. By your last I perceive you designed to leave Paris in November or December next. In the course of your Studies I doubt not but you will think it necessary to obtain a pretty good insight into yc Constitution of France — so far ut least as concerns the Administration of Justice ill Civil and Criminal matters. The method of Appeals from their Inferior to their Superior Courts, and from their Pro\'incial Parliaments to that of Paris, which I take to bo the Dernier Reasort, and how far the King by his Authority does or may controul ye proceed ings of his Parliuinonta which I take to be only Courts of Justice or very little more. I also advise you to take another view of Vorsaillos and yo Court, and such a ono US to bo able to givo a tolerable account of oach and I think by tho account I have had and road of Chantilly you ought not to leave France without seeing it, ye Park and Gardens with a curious eye. I know not whether Fontainblouu or Oompidgno be so much worth your notice, I mention them as places ye King honours with his Presence. Should Excursions to these and your Studies detain you until ye latter end of February, I should not bo displeased, especially as you will avoid a Winter's Passage Cross ye Channel which I think almost as dsngerous as a Voyage from England to Mary- IN FRANOB. 31 land. But this I leave to yourself; I can hardly de termine anything at this distance. What has been ye real occasion of ye shocking Execu tions at Lisbon? ye lugging ye Jesuits into ye Plot makes me disbelieve what I see in our Papers. I know ye Envy their superior Merit draws on them; they are not only too virtuous, but too wise to engage in Assassi nations, iiowever illy treated. Our news from. Europe comes down to ye llih of February; I see great Prep arations on all sides for a vigorous and bloody Cam paign, and that Don Carlos, who owes ye Crowns he has possessed, and ye Crown he is like to possess, to France — is like to side with us against her; what will not Ambition do I It is no wonder we have been so suc cessful in America ; our vast Superiority at Sea secured, and will always secure, our successes here under such a Minister as Mr. Pitt. But I cannot account for ye figure France has hitherto made on ye Continent. Here we promise ourselves no less this Campaign than ye Re duction of all Canada, and without Storma to ruin our Fleets and epidemical Distempers to destroy our Armies, I do not think our hopes too sanguine. A powerful Fleet ond Army will go very early up the St. Lawrence to attack Quebec, another Army ^vill soon attack Ticonderoga, Crown Point and Mount Reall ; we shall, I believe, only act on ye defensive on ye Ohio, re build, enlarge and keep possession of Fort du Quesne. We want no Provisions for our numerous Forces, while ye People in Canada, as we hear, are starving. Your Mama and I are perfectly well; we love you tenderly and daily pray to God to bless you in every sense; your Grandmama and all Friends are well and 32 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. desire to be remembered to you particularly they whom you salute. Farewell and be assured that I am. Dear Charley, Your Most Affectionate Father, Ohableb Oabboll.'" ¦ Lettbb VI. THE SAME to THE SAME. Octr. 6th. 1759. Dear Charley, Had I expected you would have left Paris in ye be ginning of September past, I should before this have wrote much to ye Purport of what follows. As to ye settling you in ye Temple, I have been full enough to Mr. Perkins on that head, who I doubt not had Cham bers ready for you on your Arrival, if, as you ought and as I directed in mine of ye 16th of last' April, you gave him due notice of ye time you proposed to be with him. If this meets you in London, it will meet you in an open and Avide Ocean of danger: hitherto you have had friends to advise with, and good Example constantly be fore you; now you can only rely on God's grace, your own prudence and ye good principles instilled into you by a virtuous Education: I beg you will never fail daily and sincerely to implore ye first, >vithout which ye other two can be of no Service. In your Situation ye greatest Resolution will be necessary to withstand ye many Temptations you will be exposed to: so abandoned will you find most men as to be pshamed of even appearing virtuous. I do not desire to seclude you from Society or innocent pleaaures, but I advise you to be very cir- ¦<¦ Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish, IN FRANCE. 33 ciimspect in ye choice of your Company, and to watch so that your amusements may not have any ill tendency. Relaxation is even necessary not only to your health, but to a proper prosecution of your Studies. Many reasons ought to incline yon to a close and serious Study of ye Luw; it is a shame for a Gentlemun to be ignorant of ye Laws of his Country and to be dependent on every dirty Pottyfogger whose Interest it may be to lead him by such a dependance into endless difficulties: on ye other hand how commendable is it for a Gentleman of an independant fortune not only to stand in need of mercenary Advisers but to be able to advise and assist his Friends, Relations and Neighbours of all sorts; what weight must such a one have on ye Circle of his Acquaint ance ? How endearing may ho inuke himself to all by a benevolent use of his knowledge. Suppose you should bo called upon to act in any publick Character, what an awkward figure would you mako without yo knowledge of ye Law either as a Legislator, J udge or even an Ar bitrator of differences among your Neighbours and friends. The Law in England is not only a road to riches but to ye highest honours. It is true — as things now stand — ^you are shut out from ye Bar, but you are not debarred from acting as a Counsellor. As I before observed, ye knowledge of it is absolutely neces sary to every private Gentleman of fortune, who has ye least idea of being independent. I do not send you to ye Temple to spend (aa many do) four or five. Years to no purpose; I send you to study and labour; it is what I expect from you, do not disappoint my hopes; you have hitherto done well; all that you have done was but a preparation to do this well; finish worthyly, and apply 34 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. as if your whole and sole Dependence was to be on ye knowledge of ye Law. 1 understand tliat lately in one of our Universities there is a Chair established for a Professor of ye Com mon Law; this has been long wished for; whether ye Professor or his method answers ye expectation of ye publick I know not, but it is certainly worth your while to enquire whether you may not reap some advantage from it, and to judge yourself, you may in Vacation time go to hear him. I approve your Acquaintance with such of your school-fellows as are men of family, and good morals; little Toui-s at proper times to their Country Seats will be a Relaxation and amusement: You will meet with several of your Countrymen in London, with some of them in ye Temple or other Inns of Court; treat them politely; if you should mention them in your Lettera, let it be to their advantage, but with them, ns vnih all others, be reserved until you know them, . . . As to your Expenses, I will not tie you down to a cer tain sum. When you are rambling on Parties of pleas ure and Amusement, Mr. Perkins is your Cashier, and, upon your shewing him this, he will supply you with what money you moy want. You will see Messrs Corbie, Pointz, Baker and Murphy, make my Compliments to them. I wrote you so lately, that I have no news to tell you, but that by our latest Accounts Wolfe will not take Quebec, which he haa almost reduced to ashes ; but, after laying ye Country waste, he will return to Louisburgh and our Colonies. Amherst seems to design nothing IN FRAUCB. 86 more than to secure his Conquests by erecting a strong Fort at Crown Point and several small ones to keep up his Communication with our Colonies. Our InteUigence from England is aa late as ye 26 of July; we with impatience expect to hear ye Event of ye French prepa rations for an Invasion. . . . My dear chUd, I hope you will never enter into any treaty of marriage without my Consent and previous knowledge. Your Mother and I offer our daUy prayers to ye God of Mercies to avert all Dangers from you, to grant you health and every other blessing. We are both well and I am, Dear Charley, Your Most Affectionate Father, Chableb Cabboll. P.S. I StiU persist in ye resolution to sell my estate here, since my return I have sold to ye value of 2000 Ster. Upon a peace I am in hopes my lands will go off better and faster; what I have sold has not been under value. I wonder you mention nothing of your great prepara tions which, our papers say, are making along ye Coasts of France for an invasion; we think here it's all puff. But maybe, as you see ye people in Paris very sanguine and sure of success, you are wUling to be in London in ye beginning of September, to observe ye Effects such, a strange Change of ye Scene would produce; but as I do not believe ye French to be Don Quixotes, altho' I may aUow them to be in general Gascons, I think they may keep at home and that consequently you will stay at Paris to ye Spring, and accordingly I direct to you at Paris." " Family Papers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish, CHAPTER ni. CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROUVTON IN ENGLAND (1750-61). Chablbs Oabboll of Oabbollton went from Paris to London, in 1767, to occupy his chambers, engaged for him by Mr. Perkins in the Temple. Mr. Perkins, a merchant of London and the owner of the ship " The Two Bisters," sailing under Captain Henry Carroll, it appears, was a sort of guardian to young Cai-roU during the latter'a term of student-life abroad. Frequent aUusion is made to these two gentlemen in the letters of the elder Carroll, and to Mr. Perkins Oharlea Carroll was referred in many matters of busi ness. Whether Captain Carroll waa a relative of the OarroUs of Doughoregan ia not made clear, but in his frequent crossings of the Atlantic he becofne a messen ger between the father in Maryland and his son in Eng land. Other names familiar in the page of Maryland's his- toiy are found side by side with that of Charles Carroll of OarroUton in the records of the venerable Temple. There waa Lloyd Dulany, the son of Daniel Dulany the brilliant orator, " the Pitt of Maryland," as he was aa IN ONf^LAJSTD, 37 called,* and Edmund Jennings, whoae father waa the Attorney-General. To Edmund Jennings Ohorles Car roll later addressed many of hia spirited and impassioned letters denouncing in stirring words the " odious Stamp Act," those historic documents heralding the (i^roaoh of the coming revolt. William Paca, Edmund Key, and Henry Rosier swelled the Uttle band of patriot Marylanders, stanch pillars of the Province, in the future struggle for justioe and independence. Lbttbb VII. OHABLES OABBOU. OF DOnOHOBEQAIT TO OHABLBB OASBOU. OF OABBOLLTON. Janry: 9th, 1759. Dear Charley, I have at last had ye pleasure of your two Letters of August 14th and September 27th. It gave us no smaU Joy to hear by Mr. Diggee that you were safely arrived at London; we asked him many more Queations about you than he could answer. Pray let me know in what Court of the Temple you are and how to direct to you. I am glad to hear your Chambers are handsome, convenient, and that they please you. Mr. PerkinB writes me that if you like them and will have them for three Years more, ye owner will paint them. I think you must stay at least four years in ye Temple, you cannot acquire a perfect knowledge of ye Law in less, if in so short a time, and that knowledge is Essential to you, as I shall leave yon > O'Neill, Terra MnrfK, 88 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. to dispute many things of Consequence which ye present Injustice of ye times will not permit me in prudence to contest; therefore endeavour to get your Chambers fitted up to please you by engaging to stay in ye Cham bers as long as you stay in ye Temple, and in case he will not fit them upon those Terms, agree to stay in them three years longer. We have not yet seen ye Snuff Box or ye 28th Lettre Edifiant, Mr. Digges not having his Baggage with him, when he past through Annapolis; however we thank you for both. A student who applies as he ought, is not supposed to be too often or too long from his Books, and prudence must direct you in this as well as on other ocasions. You cannot do without a Servant; if he is not sober and orderly turn him away without any Ceremony untill you get such a one. As you become acquainted with ye Town you will be better able to provide and chuse for yourself. I am sensible ye Streights people in France are re duced to make ye Discharge of Debts difficult and tedious. I wofi glad to serve Manjan, a i>oor Accadian here; what will become of him or ye rest of them God knows. Ye French seem to be so distressed every where, that upon a peace they ^ cannot reasonably hope for relief from them; ^ thus will they fall Victims to our Cruelty, by which they have been reduced from a State of Ease and Plenty to Misery, Poverty and Rags. We have long expected the interesting and curious Let ter you promised your Mama; we suppose, ye Journal you promise us, would be ye Subject of it. What you say about ye Administration of Justice in France, ye ¦Tlie Aoadians. ¦1%e French. IN BNQLAND. oW Independence of ye ParUaments of each other and ye manner of evoqing Caaea from ye Parliaments to ye great CounoiU is said with Judgment and perspicuity and is satisfactory. I am not more displeased with ye Malice and Violence of our people than with ye mean ness and injustice of our Proprietary and those acting under him. Gratitude if they had any, would oblige them to protect and countenance us. By my former Letters and by ye papers you are fully informed of our Successes in America. Vandreuil in tended to attempt to retake Quebec this Winter and in order to it, had ordered 20,000 pair of Snow Shoes to be made; he may be well supplied with Snow Shoes, but, in my opinion, his Troops, his Magazines of Arms, Ammunition and Provisions are no way equal to such an Undertaking, and all Canada for want of Supplies must submit next Spring or Summer: Louisiana and ye rest of their Islands may in all probability share ye same fate, if our Ministry think proper to avail them selves of ye irresistible Superiority which our Naval Force gives us. I see by our latest Accounts which come as late as ye 15th of October, that ye French stUl threaten to invade England ; it seems to me a pure Gas conade; if they did not dare to stir out their Porta, when we had such powerful Squadrons before Quebec and in ye West Indies, will they attempt it upon ye re turn of those Squadrons, which ^vill add so much to our Superiority ? If they attempt it and land, it must be miraculous and I think 50,000 Regulars vrill embaraas us very much. You will be able to inform me whether ye French ever seriously designed invasion, what ye sentiment of ye people at Paris were on ye subject, and 40 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. whether Prince Charles was to accompany them. I do not see that they pretend to assist him; they must be very sanguine if they proposed a Conquest. I am, Dear Charley, Your Most Affectionate t'atber, Chauleb Carroll.'' Lktteu VIII. TIIK SAMK to tub same. May 1st. 1759. Dear Charley I received from Mr. Diggos ye Snuff Box; I think it genteel and your Mother is much pleased with it and thanks you for it: ye hand it comes from greatly enhances ye Value of it. I would have you entered of yo Temple and I desire you will take proper Testimo nials of your Admission. Plays, Parties of pleasure and Tours into Different parts of ye Country I grant you, but these I grant you only at proper times as necessary Relaxations to enable you to prosecute ye studies with fresh vigour. I may be personally known to a few of our Roman Catholic Gentry, to a few more by report, but not in such a manner to lay you under ye least necessity of an Extraordinary Expense; endeavour chiefly to keep such Company as will value you more for your intrinsick than extrinsick ornaments; by one set you may be amused, by ye other instructed and im proved — and if such Company cannot be found in ye Temple seek it elsewhere. I have, as you observe, a 'Kiinilly Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mnrtiiviali. IN BNOLAND. 41 great Confidence in your Discretion, Prudence and Virtue, but as evil Communications corrupt good man ners, avoid by all means ye Company of Libertines who will endeavour to laugh you out of your Duty: to your Maker, nothing on Earth can be so Contemptible as such ^vretches. I challenge six Letters a year as a Debt by promise ; if you will generously fling in a few more, you will give your Mama and me great pleasure. Perhaps you took ye little Rebuke I gave you about your un steadiness as to ye time of your Departure from Paris, your not mentioning anything about ye French prepara tions for an Invasion, and your not sending ye curious and interesting Letter, a little too seriously. I may per chance again now and then chide you, but you must know a tender parent is always more disposed to re ceive a Child's Apologies favourably than to censure him ; but I cannot help being concerned for ye Loss of that Interesting Letter, as we are deprived of ye Satis faction it would have given us : However ye Reasons for not giving us ye particulars of it which you remember, are solid and become your Modesty. By your next I ex pect ye Account of your Expenses since your arrival in London; do not be satisfied that you do not trifle away your money, but to accustom you (by keeping Accounts) to know yourself how your money goes and how to reg ulate your Expenses. Pay no Bills or Accounts vrithout taking Receipts, and when you have learned ye Method of Book-keeping, raise Accounts with every one with whom you may have dealings and buy a Book to this purpose. I find you begin to think that neither Mary land or any of ye British Dominions are a desirable Resi dence for a Roman Catholic; without a change in ye 42 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Scene, they certainly are not so. A change of climate might shorten my Days, but when I have run my Course you may fix where you please. If you have not perfected yourself in ye Art -of Riding you may do it in London; you may also do ye same in Fencing and Dancing. I know not whether you have yet studied Controversy ; I would have you at least acquainted with it in such a De gree, as not only to satisfy yourself when that Subject becomes a Topiok of Conversation. In order to that I now send you four Volumes : entitled Preuvea de la Re ligion de Jisus Christ with which you may begin. I then recommend ye Bishop of Mcaux " Histoire des Varia tions"; you may next read England's Conversion and Reformation Comparod and you will find ye shortest way to end Disputes. I left an order with Mr. Perkins on one Mr, Maccarty for £0. 0. 6, being so much won of him at Whist at Toms' Coffee house; he lodged in Gray's Inn, and his Finances running low he retired into ye Country. Mr. Poyntz knew him and may inform you whore he may be heard of; he is a short full- faced Gontleman: as it is a Debt of Honour I doubt not his paying it, if you can find where he is. Yours of December, by Captain Macgachan, ye 21st of March; Daun " played ye Generalls Fink and Wunch [ ?], und it was looked upon as Popish news, but unfortunately ye Papers confirmed it. It would be in vain to send you any Peach Trees, unless I could send our sun with them; our finest Sorts come from England and are here im proved in richness and flavour by ye warmth of our * Daun, the Austrian commander-in-chief, compelled the Prus sian General Fink with 12,000 men to surrender at Maxcn in November, 1769. IN BNOLAND. 43 Climate. Mr. Lawson and those you Salute return you their Compliments with greal; sincerity and it gives Mr. Lawson great pleasure to think his Son will have ye good Luck to have you in ye '.Femple to instruct ; advise and introduce him into a good Acquaintance, which I am persuaded you will do by Inolination. You will prob ably meet vrith many interestod Civilities from ye Mer chants: it might seem to be pride not to accept now and then their Invitations, but do it so seldom and in such a manner as not to make yourself cheap; behave in this manner to all others when you. have ye least Grounds to surmise their Doors are not open to you by pure good nature. Esteem and Benevolence. Since I began this I received yours of ye 26th of December, by Captain Macgachan, ye 21st of March; you are a good boy for writing so often, but I see by it you do not keep a letter Book for it was in yours of ye 10th of December, you mentioned ye Receipt of ye 4800 Livers: in yours of ye 13th of November, you told me ye Money was not paid. As your Mama knows ye Subject of ye interesting Letter you promised her, she bid me tell you she is ye more uneasy at ye Loss of it and wishes it could be recovered and may be it may be recovered by your vmting to Bourges; she, you may be assured, will have Curiosity enough to enquire and hear what Messrs. Rosier and Plater can say of you, but she thinks that they know you not so well as ye Gentle men who wrote that Letter, and may not have so good an opinion of their Discernment. Your Cousin Raohael DamaU presents her service to you and returns you many thanks for your kind Compassion and Concern for her.* 'Family Papers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish, 44 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. The politioo-religioua quarrel which had caused a schism in Maryland's social ranks had some of its strongest supporters among the leaders of fashion at Annapolis,^ and it is evident the counsels of Oharlea Carroll to his son were rather on the side of holding aloof from those he regarded as the enemies of his faith. It IB also apparent that, although a " Papist," Charles Carroll had much influence in the Colony, if not a voice in public affairs, and the fact that he was at this time on friendly terms with the Governor of the Prov ince led him to hope a movement for the double taxing of the Roman Catholics would " hardly meet with the Governor's concurrence." Letter IX. the same to the same. July 14th, 1760. Dour Charley, 1760 Since mine of ye 1st. of May I have your Feby. 30 several Letters as p. Margin. I have been April 10. so full as to your Allowance that it is unnecessary to say more to you on that head than to tell you I think a Student in ye Temple cannot apply himself properly to his Studies and spend above £300 a year; whether you spend £250 or 300 a year, is to me immaterial, but to you it cannot be so, if by spending your money you mispend your time, which to you is more precious than Money. I do not mean by this admonition to imprison you in your Chambers; your health (which is most dear » O'Neill, Terro Marirr. IN BNOLAND. 46 to me) requires a proper Relaxation and I am sorry to hear yours in February was not so good as usual, and I should be alarmed at it, if I was not informed by Messrs. Buchanan and Browne that you were very well and in good spirits when they left you. I intend you shall stay in ye Temple full four years from ye time you entered; if you employ that time well, you may acquire such a foundation as may be necessary for you readUy hereafter to turn to proper Books and Cases on Occa sion. You vainly at present fancy you might study here; might not every Gentleman in ye Temple say as much of his own home ? The distractions and various Occupations of a man once entered into ye World make such a Scheme almost chimerical. A long series of years. Reason and Experience shew that it was necessary to have particular places appointed for ye Study of yo Law, and that in such a knowledge of it is soonest and best acquired ; I might add that it is not to be acquired any other way; this I say from Experience. You call ye stay you are still to make in Europe a Banishment; had I listened to nature and been only guided by Inolination and a mistaken love, I should never have parted with you. By ye Course of Nature you are long to survive me, and therefore a sincere love guided by Reason prompts me to make ye rest of your life happy, easy and ornamental by giving you ye best Education, and in particular by giving you an Opportu nity of acquiring a perfect knowledge of ye Law without which I may say a Gentleman is unfinished. Pray how came you to dine with Mr. Sharpe ? I hardly think you paid him a Visit: I conjecture our Governor wrote to him; if so, it was kind and genteel in him. He and I 46 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. are at present on good terms; and were a Law now to be passed to double Tax ye Roman CathoUcs, it would hardly meet with bis Concurrence. You say Mr. Cal vert returned your Visit; this impUes a previous Visit paid by you, and yet from what I wrote to you October 6th, I hardly think you took that step; this shews you cannot be too full, explicit and circumstantial in your letters. What you said to Mr. Calvert was very proper, and what you omitted to say would still have been more proper; you cannot deal too freely with him, provided you keep within ye Bounds of Decency and Good Man ners which I am confident you will do; if he can bear truth with temper and patience, he will profit by it; if he should prove shy on Account of your frankness, you will not be a loser. You have seen Lord Baltimore, per haps you have since seen him; if so, may be you can give me his Character. If our House of Commons could have their way, such is their Malice that they would not only deprive us of our property but our Lives, Who would live among men of such dispositions that could live elsewhere) The power of enacting Laws and several other powers and priviledges granted to the Proprietary and people are derived from ye Charter, a Copy whereof, if I have time, I will send you by ye Fleet; at ye same time I would send you a Body of our Laws if it were possible to get them and then you might see yo several Laws by which we are injured; But I question whether a com- pleat set is to be found in Maryland unless on Record, A private Gentleman has offered to collect them for ye press and has spent a good deal of time and Money to that End, but such is ye meanness of our Assembly that IN BNOLAND. 47 it will not encourage ye Undertaker by a proper Gratu ity to carry on ye work. I embrace every opportunity of getting rid of my Real property. Valuable Landa and slaves shaU be kept to ye last that you may chuae for yourself and make yourself as happy as possible; it is my greatest Study and Concern to make you so. By ye War I am not weU stocked with old Madeira Wine; I have therefore wrote to Mr. Betencourt, my Corre spondent there, to ship you a Pipe of choice Wine and to direct it to Mr. Perkins for your use. Drawing is a pretty accompliahment, and I wish you could spare time to attend to it, but let nothing divert you from the study of the Law, nor break in upon your hours destined to that Study. I remember something of an old distribution of time laid dovm by Cook or Lit tleton Sex haras somno etc; your Constitution may re quire eight; if so, take two iromjequattiororabis, if you employ not more than one in that Duty, another hour is at your Disposal, which with what you may take from ye Sacris Camoenis wUl give you leisure for many things; ye waste of time is ye worst sort of prodigality: But I fancy when this Distribution of time was in fashion, there were no play houses. Coffee Houses, Renelaghs, Vauxhalls, Routs, Operas etc, because ye old sage, though never so stiff and formal, must have allotted now and then some hours to these genteel and necessai^ Amusements. Messrs. Browne and Buchanan are prudent, discreet, deserving Young Gentlemen; I am persuaded their trip to Maryland will be of great service to them and answer Mr. Perkins' Expectations. My regard for Mr. Per kins and former Acquaintance with these Gentlemen 48 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. and your Recommendation of them entitle them to every act of Friendship I can shew them. Mr. Stephen son is settled a groat way from mo at New Town on Chester River; I shall take a proper Notice of him when opportunity offers. Your Resignation to stay in yo Temple us long as I shall appoint, is a Continuance of that Duty and Obedience you have always paid us, and gives us a very sensible Satisfaction; in return we will endeavour to make that Duty always easy to you by re quiring nothing of you but what we shall be persuaded will bo for your true Interest. Your Mama is very well and much pleased ^rith your Letter; we love you as much as Parents can love a deserving Son. Bless you and pray to God to do ye same. I am dear Charley, Your Most Affectionate Father, Charles Cabroll,^ The following letter written by Charles Carroll of C^urroUton to his mother makes mention of " young Air. i^wrton," another Marylander domiciled in the Temple in the seventh decade of the eighteenth century, Mr. Lawson had just sustained the loss of his father, and the following year, on the 12th of March, 17G1, (ho mother of Churios Carroll of Carrollton died after an illness, it is said, of short duration. ' Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish. CHARI.IS L.AHROM. OJ' CARKO/.f.TON AfLir Lhi I'oMiJii ty Sir.Joihud KcyiiolJi IN BNOLAND. 4® Letter X. CHARLES CARROLL OF OABROLLTON TO HIS MOTHEB. Aug. 12th, 1760 Dear Mama, This is in answer to your last letter of the 10th, of January 1760. I was greatly disappointed at Mr. Browne's not arriving \vith the Fleet and sorry to hear his stay was occasioned by sickness. Pray remember me to his fellow traveler Mr. Buchanan. Be not un easy about my health. I enjoy it pretty well : frequent colds, sometimes attended with diziness and swimming of the head are my only ailments. These I attribute to the dampness of the air. I am much obliged to Messrs. Browne, Rosier, Buchanan and others for their charac ter and opinion of me; I am too sensible, it is owing more to their good nature and friendship, than to any real merit of mine. I would not have you believe all that is reported: few are sincere enough to speak their thoughts, especially if disagreeable to those they value and regard: you will be greatly disappointed at my ar rival in Maryland to see how undeserving I am of such encomiums : tho' parental love and prejudice may even then conceal a number of faults: what I say is not dictated by an affected modesty, worse than pride; 'tis the sentiment of my mind: I detest dissimulation and dissemblers. If ever any expression slighting of the ladies escaped my pen, my heart, I am sure, was innocent and not of intelligence with my hand. What happiness on earth 60 CUAliLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. without the ladies? They polish, and soften ye man ners; in their company tho Englishman, such is the force of beauty and of wit, slights his tobacco-jiipo and coffee house politics; reduced to defend his own liuurt, he for gets his speculative battles; for my own part 1 cun't con ceive how my heart remains still unsubdued; no Lady at least can boast an entire conquest. I can givo no other reason for this Phenomenon, but that no one ever thought it worth her wltilu. But should some fair maid captivate my heart I might attempt to shukc off my fetters, for even now I am frightened at the clinking of matrimonial chains: those arc never to bo broke! My expressions of lovo and tenderness for you when a boy wore the longuugo of native simplicity: the dictates of a heart that could not tlien, nor will now dis semble itd real sontiinontd: tlioso are unalterably the same: my lovo, my affection, my affectionate concern for my Parents are not diminished by length of time und place: they are only strongthened and confirmod by reason which touches me to acknowledge and bo grutuful for the greatest obligations from the best of Parents. Pray return my kind compliments to Mr. Taskor; I roinember his daughter and the present he gave me, but not the promise of a ball at my return to Annapolis. Mr. Lawson's death gave me a real concern: his loss is groat to his widow and family — ^I pray my best wishes to them: Young Mr. Lawson was, when I saw him last, in good health and spirits. I desire to be affectionately remembered to my cousin Rachael DamaU: I wait with impatience the long promised favour of a letter from her: I am sorry to have been thus long deprived of this satisfaction, but particularly to hour her delay boa been IN BNOLAND. 61 occaiiioned by Ulness : I wish her an entire recovery of her health and all possible happiness. I am dear Mama Your most dutiful and loving Son Charles Carroll.* Letter XJ!. chaltl.ks carroll of dououoreqan to ou.vules carboll of carrollton. Sepr. 17th. 1760. Dear Charley, By iny letter to Sir Thomas you will seo that I have forinnlly solicited in favour of Mr. Ireland; I proposed he should advance four or £500, to Purchase him a seat of Land, some slaves and to enable him to build, and improve the Lands. You must know that Mr. Ireland is related to Sir Thomas who was his Guardian; that ho had nn Estate iu Yorkshire of four or £500 a year which he indirectly ran thro' having married before he was eighteen years old, and having been severall years in ye French and Austrian Sen'ice. Ye latter he quitted in 1745 for n particular Reason. He is a polite well-bred and very agreeable Gentleman, and nltho' his former conduct may have given Sir Thomas reason to be dis pleased with him, his present wants and fruitless indus try deserves his Compassion. I have also formally solicited Lord Montague in favour of Mr. Ireland. His Lordship was so polite as to express a desire to serve Mr. Ireland, but hia ability not being equal to his Indina- * Family ra|>ers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish. 62 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. tion, he gave me Hopes he would use his Interest with Sir Thomas in Mr. Ireland's favour. If you be ac quainted with His Lordship, pray put him in mind of this. I also solicited Mr. Molineux, Sir Thomas's Chap lain. He is an old Acquaintance of mine and promised to use what Interest he had to serve Mr. Ireland, Pray put him in Mind of this, presenting my Respects to him, and let me know what steps he took in Complyance with his Promise. Mr. Bro\vne went this duy hence to take his rnssuge for England. Perhaps it would have been better, if he had stayed in London : Ho is young and wants Judge ment and Discretion; he lately was taken in too deeply at ye Hazard Tables, it will puzzle him to settle ye Ac count of that loss with his Uncle. Cousin Macnamara is not returned to us. If ho is still in London, what is he doing, what success has he had, or had ho any Prospect of success ? You are no doubt acquainted with Mr. Dulany tho' I suppose not often with him. Many here think he will come in Government; that he will try for it, if he sees any Prospect of Success, I doubt not. How little doc we understand our true Happiness. In case of success he will 1)0 niisoruble, for he cannot bear Contrndiction or Opjiosition und that he will certainly meet with. Tn yo foro part of this letter you see what I wish to be done for Mr. Ireland; you are acquainted with Sir Thomas's sons; they were your Fellow rollcginns. You may porchnnoe influence them to incline thoir Father to assist him: neither tlioy or their Father will mias four or £500 Pounds, that sum would make Ireland happy and indnpendant; it is shocking to seo a Oontle- IN ENGLAND. 63 iiiun reduced to hord Labour, especially when he is a man of great Merrit. I have advanced a great deal of Money to purchase a pretty seat of Land for Mr. Ireland witliin two miles of my Houses at Eton Ridge. I have built convenient Houses on it and I have lately Bought two Negroes for him. You are not to let Sir Thomas know what I have done for Mr. Ireland, least he should be less solicitous to serve him. Mr. Ireland has for two years past overlooked all my Plantations at Eton Ridge to my great satisfaction und Interest. He is an excellent Manager, very obliging, active and diligent, his Integrity is such that I am quite at ease as to every thing I have committed to hia care. He lives where Shulinordine lived and it is a great Pleasure to me to have so agreeable a companion, when I visit my Estate. Yon may, from what I have said, see how much I have it at Heart to serve him, and consequently will not omit anything in your powor to answer my Intention. Cap tain Carroll knows him well and can give you a more ample Account of him. God Bless you and Grant you Health. I am, dear Charley, Your Most Affectionate Father Charles Carroll. P.S. I leave my letter to Mr. Browne open for your Perusal; having done that, seal and deliver it. The young Indy snys, you have ye Polish of a French Educa tion.'" '" Kumily Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish, 64 CHARLES CARROLL OF CAHHOLLTON. Letter XII. Tin: S.\MK To TUIC .SA.MK. Dour Cliurley, I have your two letters of ye 11th and 20th of lust April with all yo Books and Papers mentioned iu them, for which I thank you; they were very acceptable. I reolly believe that neitlior France, Spain, or even all Europe confederated can put a stop to our Victorious Anns, if we confine ourselves to such operations as can bo effectually promoted by our Fleets; ye taking of Httvannoh and ye Reduction of Cuba, which we have the greatest reaaon to expect to hear daily, will be a strong proof of this. Lewis ye 14th was sincerely dis posed to restore ye Exiled family. Since his Denth ye Chovalior und his Son have been but Cats Paws in ye bunds of France, who may now have good reason to re pent their double dealing with that unfortunate family. I am ye more astonished that ye King of Franco has abandoned ye Jesuits, as I cannot see in yo Arrets of Parliament, and other Papers published by them and others against them, anything but gross barefaced Calumny unsupported by facts of reason. Inscrutable are ye ways of God, Quos vult perdere, primo dementat. In my letter to Dulany of ye 10th of Sept among other things — I wrote him as follows: "I submit to you (if an Appeal cun be obtained) whether it will not he ye most eligible way to you nnd my other partners of terminating my claim on you and your claims on me." I did suppose you would have kept a copy of that letter; you would have seen by it, I sent ye procoediii<>;d to Dulany at his own Request. IN BNOLAND. 55 I can't tell whether I ought to condemn your want of Relish for ye Races at Newmarket; ye seeing Horses run may not bo very amusing, but to see such Company^ as moots at ye Races would, I tliink, be very entertain ing to any young man of Curiosity; ye world must be known by going into it, a knowledge of it in theory you will find very defective. In yours of ye 13th of last October you promised me a Journal of your Tour to ye North by yo Fleet; you promised to write to Mrs. Dar nall; a gentleman should take care to keep his word, 3'ou procrastinate too much; never put off untill to-mor row what can be done to-day; to-morrow brings its own business. I formerly told you to minute down things as they occur to you; by so doing you will always have sufficient matter for a Letter ready: you may write your letters as you have leisure: yo Date may bo yo laatt thing — I was much pleased with ye Russian Voyages from Asia to America. Captain CarroU has spent two nights with me; whenever we were alone you were chiefly ye Subject of our conversation. I hear you have promised to spare Dulany a quarter Cask of Madeira: I wonder how he could ask it of you; you' woro in ye liight to let him have it, for merit must not always bo yo motive of our Beneficence. Pruy continue to lot mo know all ye steps taken ugainat yo Jesuits in France. God bless you. I am Dear Charley, Your Most Affoctionate Father, Charles Carroll.*^ " Kiiiiiily Tiipurs uf Mrs. Curroll Mactavish. ' CHAPTER IV. OHARLLS CAUllOIX OP CARROLLTON IN ENGLAND (1700-01), In the autumn of 1700 it was reportod that Colonel Taskor of Maryland was dangerously ill, und his re covery a inattor of grave doubt. " Should his death occur," wrote Charlos Carroll to his son, " many applica tions will be inudo for tho place ho enjoys viz.: the Secretary's Office." " In that case," he continued, " I hope that among other applicants for the Office, my Cousin by tho whole blood will not bo so wanting to himself as not to lay in his claim," This " Cousin " was Henry Darnall, a relative of Lord Baltimore and therefore of Ceoilius Calvert himself, and on this fact doubtless Charles Carroll built his hope of success Avhon he recommended tlie petition to the good offices of Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Lettkr XIII. TUIC samb to the same. Dec. 12th, 1760. Dour Charley, I am very solicitous Mr. Darnall should succeed in ye application ho intends to make, and have therefore 60 IN BNOLAND. 57 wrote you ye letter of this Date designedly that you should show it to Mr. Calvert with ye paragraphs of ye severall letters referred to in it, relating to ye same sub ject. Your inaniior of introducing ye letter to Mr. Calvert must be by telling him, your wishes to have a Relation succeed, who appears to be dear to your Father, had prompted you to a step which, maybe you ought, in Prudence, not have taken. It is possible ye letter may help Mr. Darnall; it can not hurt him. As to us it cannot have any ill effect, for we need not give ourselves ye least concern whether Mr. Calvert be pleased or displeased. In case of ye Colonel's Death make your Application on Receipt of the letter. Your Moat Affectionate Father, Charles Carroll. P.S. You may think ye several letters you are directed to shew Mr. Calvert, are wrote too freely and may give Offence. Should he shew ye least Resentment whether by word or by his Behaviour, ask him who has most reason to bo offended . . . [Hiatus due to writing being effaced,] , . . without offence and contrary to all Justice and ye Privileges and liberty Promised by ye Charter and one of ye first laws enacted here in Viola tion of ye solemn engagements and Promises made to us and our Ancestors by his Ancestors, proclamation invit ing and encouraging our Ancestors to settle here, or he who has acknowledged to you that by Certificates from Persons in Power here he was convinced of our Inno cence and yet by passing laws which Double tax us con sented to oppress us. It is necessary on some occasions to be firm and resolute and to show a proper Resent- 68 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. mont, and I think Air. Calvert, in particular, ought to be t routed in this inniiner.' When making application on bchulf of Henry Dar nall, Charles Cnrxoll had some conversation with Cocilius Culvert touching the Cntholic question. It is sufficiently indicated in a letter from Charles Carroll of Doughoregan that what passed on that occasion re ferred to tho double taxing of the Roman Catholics by the Maryland Assembly, and it is hardly necessary to road between the lines to perceive the scarcely veiled imputation of the older Carroll, denouncing in A'igor- ous words what he considered the perfidy of Mr. Calvert. Letter XIV. the same to the bamk. May 20th. 1761. Door Charley, You acted very prudently in your Application to Air. Calvert, but I am surprised he should tell you that ye Roman Catholics made not ye least opposition to ye Bill here, while depending. I cannot suppose a man of his family and station in Life would stoop to advance a falsity; I must then conclude he has been imposed on, or, at least, that ho has not hud so plain and foithfull an Account of yo Transactions Roluting to yo Act of As sembly double Taxing us, as I think he ought to have had from honco; and, therefore, pray present my com pliments to him; road to liim whnt T have wrote and further tell him that whoever informed him that ye Roman Catholics made not ye least opposition to yo Bill ' Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish, IN BNOLAND. 69 while depending here, told him a most notorious lie, for ye Roman Catholics Petitioned ye Upper House first, and then ye Government against ye Bill. Their peti tions were long, circumstantial and very remarkable; that especially to the Government — for it is from that petition, ye Upper House was furnished with ye remark able passages inserted in their Message to ye Lower House in ye Session of Assembly begun ye 28th. of March 1758; which Message, that is, ye part of it which relates to ye Roman Catholics, Mr. Calvert will find in ye Pages 65, 66, and 67 of ye printed Proceed ings. I do not care to mortify Mr. Calvert who can urge nothing to excuse his Family's ingratitude to ye Roman Catholics, and therefore I drop this Subject. Pray give my Service to Cousin Macnamara and tell him his sons are well, and that I would have wrote him on ye Subject he desired, had there been ground given . . . [Continuation effaced.] Upon Receipt of yours which I am now answering I concluded . . . [Original writing effaced.] . . . was intrusted with ye Pamphlets etc., you mention, I spoke to him, and he told me they were sent from his Ship in Patowmack by a Sloop bound to Annapolis and Patapsco; in short they are lost. I wish this may find you not only resigned but in some measure composed under our great Misfortune of ye loss of your dear Mama; you have not such images before you constantly to bring and keep her in your thoughts as I have, and yet I would not have it other- ways for there is a sort of melancholy pleasure and Satisfaction in continually thinking of one I loved so tenderly — especially as my thoughts are accompany'd 60 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. with ye comfortable and animating hope of enjoying her in a happy Endless Etemity. You are left the Pledge of our Love and friendship, in you my whole Satisfaction is centred, you are ye Object of aU my Care; and here it occurs to me to acquaint you that I have a Will executed, constantly by me, by which everything I have (Trifles excepted) is yours. I mention this, least you should have a moment'a uneasiness on that account. You shall never feel any that can be prevented by ye constant cure and attention of, dear Charley, Your Most Affectionate Father, Charles Carroll.' Letteu XV. Tim SAME to the SAME. July, 1761. I acknowledge ye Receipt of yours of March 28th 1761. Is it not some satisfaction to you to see by ye Certificate I sent you that your Grandfather was entered of ye Temple, as ye Law is a Liberal profession, and may not your Grandson be as well pleased to see that you were of ye Temple as you are to know that your grandfather belonged to that Society? Ye Ex- pence you mention of Entry and Commons is but a trifle. Should ye attendance expose you either to bad or dis agreeable company; if you must in consequence of your being entered of ye Temple koep bad or disagreeable company, decline it. Is it not possible by a gratuity properly placed, or by some other expedient, to bo called to ye Bar without taking ye Oaths? Have there not boon instances of this sort? Enquire carefully. ' Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Maetavisli. IN BNOLAND 61 Mr. Meighan promised to send me " O'Connor's Translation of Keatings History of Ireland " with up wards of 160 Coats of Arms of Ancient Irish noble families and their Genealogy, among which are some of ye O'CarroUs. If O'Connor's Translation be a faith- full and full one, Keating, I think, does not deserve ye merit given him by many. Notwithstanding ye Ravages and Revolutions iu Ireland, ye destruction of their Records and Histories, I think materials enough have escaped ye jaws of Ruin to compile a more Com plete and coherent History of Ireland than has yet fallen into my hands or knowledge; ye Duty all Irish men owe to ye Gloiy and Honour of their Country should prompt them to promote and encourage such a Work. But ye difficulty would be, I apprehend, greater to find an impartial than an able hand. If ye author should be supported by ye descendants of ye Ancient Irish, ye ill treatment their ancestors met with might, if possible, be exagerated; if he should be patronized by ye present possessors, we may suppose truth would, at least, be veiled to conceal their original meanness, and ye unjust, shocking and barbarous treatment of ye An cient Possessors; so that I fear such a History cannot reasonably be hoped for. I find but two Dates in your Account. There arc but two Articles of Credit Vizt: £190.5.2. and £146. Now, as I find 3'ou charge all ye Money you lose at Cards you ought to credit what you win ; for I cannot suppose you so unfortunate as not to win sometimes. You ought, therefore, to . . . [Effaced.] ... ye Balance . . . [Effaced.] . . . Article either to your Debit or Credit of . . . [Effaced,] , . . subject and by . . . [Effaced.] fl3 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. . . . money or piny . . . [Effaced.] . . . you will at any time see ye profit or loss in that Article. Sdly. You are not particular enough in your charges — for Ex ample : " To hire of u horse for my Servant." It ought to have been expressed: " To so many days horse hire," or " To horse hire " from such a place to such a place. I should think it best, when you intend a Tour of a month or more, to buy horses for yourself and Servant and to sell them at your return, at a loss if you cuuuot do hotter. I huvo not sold my large Tract at Monocasy; Mr. McNainura might have heard that I was offered £12500, and from thence conclude I sold it. I have again wrote about your Pipe of Wine. When you make your Tour to Holland, I doubt not you will take ye Precaution to procure some Letters to persons of Credit; this is a Step you should take even in your lesser Tours; your Busi ness is to see men as well as things; and ye knowledge of things is best acquired from nnen of figure and Ex perience. When you are in Holland, you will not be far from Antwerp and Brussels — they are worth seeing, I hope you will keep ye Resolution, mentioned in your Postscript, of writing oftener, for as all your Letters give me joy and put me in Spirits, so your Silence makes me very anxious and uneasy. If I should have any Pears worth sending, you shall have them by Hanson. If a convenient opportunity should then happen I will send you some Hams; it is flinging them away to send them in ye summer. It is not worth while to desire Mr. Borolini to alter ye direc tion of his Letters; I have no Secrets which I would conceal from you. Captain Carroll and Mr. Lawson, IN ENGLAND. 63 desire their Compliments to you; if you had no other Objection to an Acquaintance with Mr. Bladen than that of his being a Gamester, why do you say in yours of ye 10th of April 1760, that that is not ye only Reason for declining his Acquaintance? you must have wrote those last words mthout any meaning, or you mean something which you do not care to communicate. Pray no Reserve with me. You ought in playing — to limit yourself to a Stake ye loss of which will not give you any uneasiness, for it's carrying Complaisance too far to sacrifice your Money and resolutions to yo inclina tions of others. Let your Esteem be never so great for any particular person, drop your Acquaintance with him rather than Associate for his Sake with Company you do not like. I am pleased to see you judge so rightly on this head, for an ill-judged Complaisance and easi ness of temper in this point has laid ye foundation of many hopeful Young Mens' Loss of Health, fortune and Honour. Your mention of your Mama to me and your Letter to her softened me; time will give us more fortitude: Let her have our daily prayers, tho' I firmly hope she wants them not; deviate not from ye Paths of Virtue and Honour that we may meet her in Heaven. If there were a Blessing beyond that, I would wish it to you: I am. My Dear Charley', Your Afost Affectionate Father Charles Carroll. P.S, Rachel Darnall presents her Compliments and Love to you." In spite of the manifest stringency of his principles * Family Papers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish, 64 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. on all occasions, Charles Carroll was not a holder of Puritanic views, but joined in the rage of the day for the pastime of the card table. But a sharp line was drawn between the light stake pledged for amusement and the heavier play of the regular gamester. And Charles Carroll is found declining the intimacy of a cer tain Mr. Bladen for the reason that Bladen " was a gamester." Letter XVI. THE same to the same. April 8th. 1762. Dear CUiarley, I desire you will get your Picture drawn by ye best hand in London; let it be a three quarter's length; let it be put in a genteel gilt frumo and sent mo by ye next fleet carefully cased and packed. You did prudently in not abruptly communicating my letter to Mr. Calvert, but should that subject at any time bo again started in Conversation, it may not be improper perhaps to let him know what I say. Your colt " Nimble " >vill, I think, make a fine horse; he is three years old this Graas, and is 14 hands 2 inches, and \ high; I expect he will rise to at least fifteen hands. I never meant that you should act as a Counsellor, oven provided you could by any means consistent with Honour and Conscience be called to ye Bar: if ye Title of Barrister could be so obtained, it might not be im proper to get it. I am pleased with your Sentiments and shall be ever far from advising you to any step which may expose your Honour or Sincerity to Censure. IN BNOLAND. 65 A Gamester is certainly not an eligible Companion but an Acquaintance without an intimacy may, I think, be kept up with such a one without running into ye dangers you seem to apprehend, and which I would have you by all means avoid. I have formerly explained my motives for your being at least polite to him. I see how severely ye Jesuits have been handled by ye Parliament of Paris; particular Members of that So ciety may be indiscreet, they may be wicked — ^Judas was numbered among yo 12. But is it not inconsistent with yo Rules of Justice . . . [Original writing effaced.] . . . this, if ye Body should not be liable to ye Contracts of Individuals in a [business?] transaction, because il is ye Body that is trusted, as Individuals are known to have no property. But ye Parliament seems to me to have exceeded ye Boimds of their Jurisdiction in cen suring ye opinions of their Authors, which I should think only fall properly under ye Cognizance of an Ecclesiastical Tribunal: moreover, what may not any Author be made to say if particular propositions or sen tences be extracted from his Writings without paying a just regard to ye whole Tenor of hia Doctrine? Is it not by such means that every Sect of Christians adapt yo Scriptures to their opinions? And are not those Sacred Oracles made to countenance ye most impious and blasphemous Doctrines ? It is true their Constitu tions and ye Bulls and Privileges granted them and ye Doctrine of their Obedience may contain things'not to be supported and therefore not dangerous; for what ever a man may grant, whatever Rules he may lay down, whatever Doctrines he may profess, if they be inconsist ent with reason and contrary to Morality, Justice, and 66 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Religion they are, iu themselves, void and can huvo no ill Effect, and this has been ye case iu all ye instances mentioned; for has any Evil resultod from yo Bulls, thoir Constitutions or Doctrine ? My meaning inuy bo explained iu some measure by ye foUowing instance which I acknowledge not to be quite apposite us the point is still controverted. Upon ye Restoration ovory Church iu England sounded with ye Doctrine of Passive Obedience and Non-Resistanco which was much more offoctuully refuted by practice than su|)portod by Argu- mont, 'J'lio Popes' extravagant privileges to ye Society amount to no moro than un Expression of thoir sense of their great morit; they were not so ignorant as not to know ye power of their Successors would be equal to their own. The implicit Obedience professed by ye •losuits cannot be meant by common Seiiso and Justice to extend beyond things innocent, indifferent and just. Have tlioy miirdorod, burnt or destroyed in virtue of their Obedience? I suy it us my Sentiment, thoir oininent Aforit and Virtue hus ]>rovoked this porsecu- liun, Tho figure they make iu yo Church, in thoir Schools, ye notice taken of them by ye several Roman Catholic Courts in Europe excites ye envy of even ye other Religious orders, who perhaps with complacency BOO them distressed not considering Proximus ardet. I have, 1 thank God, been brod among them, and if you do whot they hove taught you nnd nothing contrary to it, j'ou will be happy here nnd hereafter. Can there 1)0 a stronger instance of yo King of France's weakness Ihiui to suffer ye Parliament to carry their insolence and wickedness to such unwarrantable lengths? But Deli- runl Reyes plecluntur Achirl. IN BNOLAND. 67 I find we have a Spanish War, and that Mr. Pitt is not reinstated: however successful ye Nation has been under his Administration, it's certain he must fall into Contempt with all honest men. Who moro averse to Continental Connexions? Who with a more lavish hand has squandered ye national Treasure on ye Con tinent ? A truly virtuous man cannot be guilty of such inconsistencies. If Government cannot be carried on without corruption, there is an end of ye Constitution; ye keeping up of forms may deceive ye multitude. Vir tue has abandoned us and liberty is gone with it. I see ye Parliament raised last year nigh twenty millions; what must Supplies of this year amount to ? Will not Holland follow ye example of Spain ? I have never seen an [authentic ?] story of Ireland of any value ; let me have that published or publishing at Paris. My Lord Castlemain's Catholic Apology — though ill a very uncouth State, and Ireland's Case stated — may, in point of History and truth, be useful to you and worth your porusal. You have no doubt heard that we have conquered Martinico. Who shall prescribe limits to our Conquests by Sea if we only mind ye Interest of England. But ore we able to bear ye growing Expense ? A Kingdom may be Bankrupt. Mr. Croxall desired that whenever I wrote to you, I would present his Service nnd Compli ments to you; your Cousin Darnall gives her love to you, I give you my blessing, and daily pray for your health and welfare; no Parent can wish both to a Child more sincerely than Your Most Affectionate Father Charles Carroll.^ * Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish. 68 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Letter XVII. THE SAME TO THE SAME. April 10th, 1762. Dear Charley, This is in answor to yours of December 16th, 1760, but us our provincial Court ia sitting und us I am hin dered by Compuny und Business, I must bo ::liort. All sorts of Compuny must be kept occusionnlly, however insipid and disugrcenble, a knowledge of mankind is not otherwise to be attained. I hope you have long since re ceived ye case of Wine I ordered you. I have often given you reasons to shew Alurylund to be no desirable residence for a Roman Catholic; and, as you have often shewn it tn bo us much so as most others, you ore quite at liberty to fix where you please. If a country life should be your taste — you may bo happy here with your Books and ye amuBemciits which Forming etc, affords a man con hardly bo too reserved, but a prudent reserve should be always hid by u well dissembled shew of Candor, affability, Opoiinoss, nnd unreserve — woujdyou not wish that all men would act with condor, affability, oponnuri.s und unreserve towards you? How can you expect it, if you do not endeavour to appear to behave so to all men? To suit yourself to the world, in non essentials you must give up your Opinion, sacrifice your time, euso and inclinations; this is n i^iiro woy to be loved, esteemed and served. I mention your Reserve, because I find you are so — even to me, to whom nothing that you know should be a secret. I do not mention this without n good foundation; to what else can I im- IN BNOLAND. 69 pute your not answering particularly my letters of July 14th and October 13th, 1760 — to ye last without assign ing any reason for your silence. Is it enough to say you wish ye Gentlemen I recommend to you Success, and that you con only vrish and hope ? Ought you not to have informed me, why you could not do more? I hove so good an opinion of your Judgment and discre tion as to believe you can well account for what you say or do, or do not do: But then I think you should give me as circumstantial an account as possible of what I desire to know and what I recommend to you. Since ye sailing of ye Fleet I have only the London Evening Posts from September 23d to November 25th, those from April to September are missing. The pamphlet you sent me, Vizt: " Considerations of ye German War " gave me and many others much pleasure. Do not your Politicians furnish annually above one pamphlet worth reading? I love you entirely and my present lonesome condition, added to that love, might, if anything could, incline me to call you home; but no Conaideration, altho there are many pressing ones, can influence me to call you from ye atudy of ye Law. Hence judge how necessary I think ye knowledge of it ia to you, and let me not suffer so cruel an Absence without answering ye end for which alone I submit to it. Mrs. Darnall, your mother's niece, is with me; and keeps my house and presents her Love and Service to you. God bestow his choicest Blessings and Graces on you. Those arc ye , , , [Original effaced.] . . . wishes and prayers of. Dear Charley, . . . Affectionate Father . . . Carroll 70 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. P.S. This wiU be delivered to you by Captain Car roll : I am persuaded it will give you a sensible Satisfac tion to see him, as ho can say much to you relating to my Affairs and Health which, God be praised, I enjoy, OB well us most People of my Age; being now in my 60th year. I shall therefore in this only write to you about ye Inclosed Cases, which I have sent you not only for your information, but that you may by them see how ossontiul it will bo to you to know ye Luw well. Your Estate for this part of ye World will be a Considerable ono and of Course liable to many disputes, especially aa a Roman Catholic stands but a poor Chance for Justice, with our Juries in particular." In colonial days it was not unusual to import from England ser\'ants to attend to work needing a knowl edge and judgment impossible of obtainment from negro slaves, who were, for the most port, unable to read or write. And sending abroad for master workmen, giimukoopors, etc., was unnttended by any other expense than that of the passnge from the mother country to the Colonies. ; Letter XVIII. THE SAME TO THE SAME, Sept. 2ud. 1762, I know not whether it will be worth your while to look out for any Afares; if you should be tempted to get one or two, they ought to be shipped in May or June, in 0 ship, lightly loaded; yo freight would be easy; ye expense of Water Casks, Hoy, Gates, slings, etc, may * Family Papers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish. IN BNOLAND. 71 be computed; a common Ostler or Groom should be pro vided to take care of them on ye passage; such a one may be induced to serve four or five years; ye Mares should never be put into ye Slings but upon very bad weather, they ought to stand in ye Hole upon fine shingle ballast and have room enough to lie down; other necessary considerations relative to them may occur to you. But supposing every difficulty of procuring them etc, removed, do not trouble yourself and do as you will, but should you send them procure their pedigrees prop erly attested. I dosiied Mr. Perkins to send me two guna to bo bought of Purvey, he aent me two ungonteel ones bought of one Stanton. Pray let me know if Purvey, ye Gunsmith, be living; nothing but his death con ex cuse Mr. Perkins for not complying with my oi-dors. I recommended it to you on your going into ye Temple to moke a Commonplace Book; you assigned reasons for not doing it then, but I suppose you have one now, as your reasons you assigned no longer sub sist. As you will have little more than a year to stay in yo Temple, after ye Receipt of this you may possibly think it too late to make use of such a one; of this you are now ye best judge; but I suppose your not getting ono at first was owing to a too great delicocy you have in making an Acquaintance with men whose temper or something else, might prove disagreeable to you; but in that case are not such men easily shaken off? You have informed me that in pursuance of my ad vice you intended to learn Surveying; you have not yet acquainted me that you hove begun to do so. I again recommend it to you as a thing very essential to you. 72 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. When yuu come in, do not forget to look out in time for a good Stock of Bristol Water; you will find it ye most nccussury und ogreeuble part of your Sea Stores, ns ye Ships' wulcr is hardly drinkable, at least very dis gusting: two gross wUl be as little as you ought to have, und if you should have fellow passengers put them in mind to store thonisclvcs. if thoy neglect it, thoy will hove lesB reason to expect you should shore yours with thom. Let it be shipped to you in time from Bristol, and us ye bottles makes almost ye whole Cost, desire your Servant to bo careful of them and pack thom away OS thoy are emptied, for they will be very usefuU here. Scvura! Ccntluinou in England have Gamekeepers who supply tlicir Tables with Oibier; I suppose ye Wages of sucii ft one would not exceed ye Wages of a Footman; if you can get such a one who con shoot well, flying, ho moy bo placed at Elkridgc whence he may supply us with Grouse, Pheasants, and Woodcocks. Soiiio of your ucquointonce in ye Country may recommend such a Servant to you and he should be Indented to servo five years for his stipulated wages; but you ought to be well informed if he is a good Marksman. I understand you dross plainly; I commend you for it, but I think you shoiihl have Clothes suitable to occasions, und upon your first oppeurunco uinoiig us some show iniiy not be improper. You may contrive to be 8U]iplit!d with Waist-coots of Silk for genteel Summer-Suits, Velvets etc. from France at ye best huiid und in ye newest Taste; after your first appearance you may be as plain OS you pleoso. I would have you also bring mth you 0 genteel set of Horse furniture, you need not buy Pis tols OS I have n very neat pair mounted with Silver IN BNOLAND. 73 which are at your Service. I mention these things now as they now occur to me; I might forget them, at a time when it might be more proper to put you in mind of them. You may make this letter suit your time by keeping it and then consulting it. Poor Mrs. Manjan, a French Neutral, has not heard from her Daughter, nnd Son in Law, Mr. Boisson, since my return from Paris ; should I inclose a letter from her to them, or one of them, forward it and at ye Bottom of it, give your Address to Boisson, telling him you will forward any letters to them. I intend, if a peace happens before you leave London, to send you the family pictures I have in order to have ye likeness taken by ye best hand in London, and to have them new dressed. Mr. Thomas Buchanan returns with this Fleet, he has behaved here with a good deal of prudence and discretion. God grant you health and every blessing which may not be preju dicial to your Eternal Welfare, it is my daily Prayer. I am, Dear Charley, Your Affectionate Father Charles Carroll. P.S. Cousin John Darnall and Afr. Richard Croxall present thoir compliments." * Family Papers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish, CHAPTER V. CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON IN ENGLAND (1702-04), Letter XIX, OHAKI.KS CAIIKCIl.L OF nOnonOREGAN TO UIIAIII.KS UAKROLL OF CARROLLTON. Dec. 29th. 1762. Dear Charley, Troiiblos und difficulties are us certiun Concomitants of a large share of property as Envy of Merit. Poverty will not screen you from troublo and pei-plexity, tho' the wont of morit may free you from Envy. If Mr. Dulany for his own sako will not consider ye cose a.s far as it relutou to Aferccr, I should be sorry you govo your self any troublo about it; you may have observed by my letter to him which accompany'd ye Case that it was upon that footing I wrote to him. I do not think it diffi cult to know tho Characters and persons of Alinisters of State; they frequent particular Coffee houses and other publick places, they resort to ouch House of Porlioinont; they ore frequently yo Subject of convorsotion. Should you for example bo asked, on your return, what sort of man is Mr. Pitt, who wore his seconds and chief sup porters in ye Administration and in each House of Par- 74 IN ENGLAND. 76 liament, and you should say " I never saw him and knew nothing of the matter," after a stay of four years in London, might you not be looked upon as incurious ? as if you could not give an Account of Westminster Bridge or St. Paul's and ye places they stand in ? We live in ye world, and ought to know it; that knowledge gives us weight in it, and makes us agreeable in Company and Conversation; some time ought to be sacrificed to that end. I am glad to hear you have begun to learn the Italian method of Book-keeping; it is a qualification not unbecoming ye greatest Peer in England. Be perfect in Arithmotick and learn Surveying; believe me they are all essential to you, which makes me so often men tion them. Dear Charley, I am convinced you would be sincerely concerned for my Death, I know in that case you would sustain a great loss, but not nigh so great OS you present it to yourself. Mr. Croxall, time and application would soon let you into a thorough knowl edge of my affairs and your Interest. Instead of dread ing my death, thank God that I have lived until you have attained an Age nnd Knowledge to act for yourself . You see things iu so partial a light, you have it so much at heart to return, that your reasoning is unbecoming your good sense. I have always told you I never in tended you should practise ye Law; will, therefore, ye knowledge of it be unprofitable to you ? would it not be of infinite advantage to England if every man of prop erty who serves in Parliament were a sound Lawyer and well acquainted with the Constitution ? Will not ye knowledge of ye Law enable you to transact your affairs with ease and Security ? Will it not enable you to state your own Cases, to instruct those you employ; and, if 76 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON you find them ignorant, knavish or conceited, direct you to employ others? It is true, I have met with some of these Characters, but had I been a Lawyer, or deemed suoli, it's more than probable they would not have ven tured to have imposed on me. Although other occupa tions here will hinder you from such an appUcation to ye Law as to give you a knowledge of it, yet, certainly, after four years' study and close application to it in London, some spore hours here may conduce to improve your knowledge; your Path will be beaten and easy, and you wUl certainly know how to tum to proper Books and Cases upon occasion, or your time and money must be wasted to no purpose. I endeavour to convince, I would always avoid yo hardness of a command, and I hope you will ho persuaded that your wellfare. Interest and happiness only induce me against my natural fond ness and propensity to see you and have you with me, not to alter my Resolution in this Respect. I have paid your Compliments as desired. As far as I can judge, this year will add new and important Conquests to Eng land and Laurels to her Admirals and Generals. I name our Admirals first because every success is evi dently owing to our unbounded power at Sea. What have ve French to hope for from ye Hero of Rosback, for by papers of o later dote than your letter I seo Fred erick has refused ye Command. The Empress Queen, I apprehend, deserted by Russia, will be reduced to act on ye defensive. I suppose Spain would not have quar relled with us, had she not resolved to attempt again to annex Portugal to her Dominion; at so great a distance I cannot see whot con hinder her Success but ye want of good OfficerB and a prudent Conduct, but she may pay IN BNOLAND. 77 ye full purchase by ye loss of Cuba, Ilispaniola, etc. We expect yo Fleet daily; I am not impatient for any thing but your Letters and to see Captain Carroll from whom I expect a more circumstantial Account of you than they will givo me. You are allways in my thoughts, you aro yo object of all my cares, and I nm, dear Charley, Your Affectionotc Father Charles Carroll.' Letter XX. the SAME TO THE SAME. Sept. 3rd. 1763. Door Charley, I acquainted you I had received yours of June 14tli. I'ho ronsons you usaign in your last for not going to Berlin nre such as I approve. It seems to me ye King of Franco \a not sincerely a friend to ye Jesuits; con sidering how small ye Majority in ye several Parlia ments was against them, could not he, if in earnest, liuvc cominundcd a great Majority in their favour? It is natural to suppose Pompadour not to be their friend, and ye surprising influence she has, I doubt not has been exerted against them; in short it is no wonder a King of France, who gives up hia Authority by suffering ye Executive part of Government to be exercised by such Parliaments, should connive at their unjust and unprec edented proceedings against ye Jesuits. Lewis ye 14th or any King of Spirit would have chastized their villany and insolence. By ye Genealogy of ye Family sent you ' Fiiniily Papers uf Mrs. Carroll Mactavish. 78 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. by Kitty I doubt not Mr. Whitten may be enabled to moke out our Genealogy to ye present time, and if it can be done with certainty I shall not begrudge ye Exponce. I believe all sensible disinterested men look on Wilkes as a bold wrongheaded man, and a fit Tool to those who patronise him. I see by yo Papers ye Printers have recovered Damages against ye Messengers; things seem to be tonding hastily to Anarchy in England; Corrup tion and freedom cannot long subsist together. That yc first hos long and universally prevailed wo here must givo for granted, since every Party when out has ac knowledged and asserted it; for my part I think an absolute Government preferable to one that is only ap parently free; and this must be ye cose of your present constitution, if it be true that whoever presides in ye Treasury con command in Parliament, My hand mends: I have wroto ye rough Draft of this without much diffi culty; it was on yo 30th of July I sprained my wrist, us ] wrote you. I am making an Addition to my house at Elk-ridge, I want to stucco it, but we have not here a wiirkmon who con do it; I wish you could procure such a one, I would bo content he should only sorve two years for ye chargos of his passage etc., but let him procure a Certificate from some Master Buildor or undertaker that he is a good workman. If ho cannot be got on other terms I would pay his passage if he would work for me on reasonable Terms, and you may assure him ho would not wont good business here. Tt is probable before this reoches you, you will see Mr. Charles Digges a particular favorite of mine, a young Gentleman of great Morit and esteemed here by every man of sense who has ye pleasure to know him; I IN ENGLAND. 79 therefore hope you will shew him all ye Civilities m your power. I suppose at ye writing of this you are on your return to London, and that you will immediately write to me, which I may probably receive in ye begin ning of December. Wishing and daily praying for your health and happiness I am, dear Charley Your Affectionate Father Charles Carroll.* Letter XXI. THE same to the SAME. London, 1763. I have at lost received your two long wished for let- tors: Via Virglniae come to hand ye 22 and ye last by ye New York Packet ye 9th Instant. These letters Mr. Perkins might have sont, us I wrote you, sooner, viz by ye Pockets which sailed in July and August and then they would hove come to hand in September and October, Yuu give me ye greatest pleasure by acquainting me you ore well, you cannot be thinner than I waa at your age : I was also subject to little lurking fevers, such a habit obliged me to be very temperate in my Youth and that temperance hath brought me to 60 . . . [Original effaced.] . . . I acquiesce to your Resolution of not entering yourself of ye Temple. Why should not a Gentle man's affairs and books be kept in as clear o manner as a Merchant's ? Money affairs must be kept so and you ' Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish. 60 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. will not have u very small shore of that to keep so. I did not purchase O'Connor's " Translation of Keating " of Mr. Lewis. I again desire, for your own soke, that you will, by Cousin Anthony, or by any other means, trace our family up to 1500. Cousin Carroll is right about yo Country of ye O'CarroUs; it was by ye Latin Authors called Eliu Carolina, commonly Ely O Carroll. Your Grandfather gave that name to ono of ye Seats of Land ho took up here. All your News is Stale by ye long laying und Pussuge of your letters. I have thought of an Expedient to make you a moro regular and punc tual Correspondent; it is, not to write to you but when I receive letters from you and I think it a good one. Your old acquaintance Mr. Lawson is within a few days going to commit Matrimony. I have presented your Compliments to all those you mentioned nnd you may be assured they would send you theirs if they knew of my writing. Rncliol Durnoll desires to be affection ately rcmomberod to yon. Wishing and doily praying for your health and happiness I am Your Affectionate Father Charles Carroll. P. S. umoiig them was One Ulou who has published sonic ac count or Memoirs of America: I should be glad to have them. I have seen a " Vindication of ye Jesuits" said to be published at Ronncs, entitled Memoire Concernant etc., it is very plain nnd not ut all laboured, but very full and convincing." * Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish. IN BNOLAND. 81 During seasons of holiday-making, Charles Carroll had met with Louisa Baker, a daughter of Joseph Baker, Esquire ; the owner of a handsome property in Reigate. Charles Carroll fell deeply In love with the English beauty of sixteen, and dreamed of leading her from the altar of Hymen to his Maryland Manor, the mistrcfis elect of his Colonial home. The elder Carroll raised no obstacle to the projected marriage, and reminded his son to obtain the consent of tho young woman's father. He declared his intontion of settling on Charles Carroll the magnificent estate of Carrollton, comprising an area of ten thousand acres — " Wishing," he added, " to obviate as much as it is in my power, every objection, and to hasten ye match and your return to me." To a letter evidently written to Mr. Baker by young Carroll formally proposing for the hand of his daughter, that gentleman returned the following courteous and not altogether unfavorable reply: Letter XXH. joseph baser, esq., to ohables oabboll of oabbollton. Bath, Thursday the 16th. December, 1763. Dear Sir, It was not till late last night, at my return from Bris tol to this place that I was honoured with yours of the 8th instant, which was sent me from my House near Southampton: else good manners would not have suf fered you to wait so long for an answer to it. It is true. Sir, I have not the pleasure of personally 82 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON.. knowing you, though I am far from being altogether a stranger to the name of your Family: but it is im possible for me to give a precise answer to your pro posal : though such satisfaction as I con give you, I will. As to what you suggest of my having, perhaps, already pitched upon some other Gentleman for my Daughter, believe mo. Sir, it is a matter I had not yet begun to think of, and, perhaps, but fur so unexpected an incident as the present, should not, for a long time to come, have at all thought about it, she being now but in her seventeenth year; which, upon the whole, I think rather too early to engage in the marriage-state, so that on this particular head I can give you, I believe, all the satisf action you desire: neither her mother nor myself having ever turned our thoughts on any particular Gen tleman or indeed considered the matter as yet calling for our attention : and I have great reason to believe her own affections to be as utterly disengaged as they were ten years ago. As to your Fortune, Sir, I have some reason to sup pose it such as I could have no objection to: and, indeed, to bo fur more considerable than my Daughter might be (what the world calls) entitled to: so that should every other circumstance bo agreeable to both Parties, the objection on that article is more likely, as I take it, to proceed from your part than from mine: and even if the great liking you seem to have conceived for her, should bo powerful enough to induce yourself to dispense with Avhat another would insiat on, what certainty is there that your Father would so easily be brought to dispense with it too? Your Father, Sir, who is at so considerable a distance, and, yet, without IN BNOLAND. 83 whose approbation, I dare say, neither would you, your self, nor, on any the most advantageous terms would I, chuse to have effected what you seem so desirous of. Thus, you see Sir, (which is all that yet can be) I am not us yet sensible of any objections I should have to your proposal: what may hereafter arise from a further enquiry into each others' situation and character, or from a [lersonal conference, or from her liking or not liking you, or your, from a farther knowledge and ac quaintance, not continuing to like her, it is impossible now to say. All I can assure you is, that I should not affect to raise any: and will even ingenuously own to you that I seem to observe in your manner of writing certain inorks of candour and worth that rather incline mo to wish I might not find any: nor can I be wholly without sentiments of gratitude for one who appears to have entertained so sincere and disinterested a regard for a Daughter who from her infancy has been so ex- cooding dear to me. I shall stay at this place long enough for a letter to find me — not sent from Loudon later than Monday night next, and directed to me at Dr. Canvane's at Bath: about the end of next week I shall be at my own house and, if I find you continue desirous of it, shall then do myself the pleasure, or perhaps before I go hence, to let you know where I think it were most convenient to have a personal interview. I have the honour to bo. Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant, Joseph Baker. It just occurs to me, from something I remember to have heard of the particular province to which a Gentle- 84 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON man of my sir-name is appointed, that he must hove some connexions with you. I hove no personal oc- quaintance with that Gentleman; but hove the pleasure of being well acquainted with Mr. Carpenter of Twickenham, with whom my namesake is much so.^ Leiteu XXIII. CHARLES CARROLL OF OOUQUOREQAN TO HIS SON. Fbruury 12lh, 1764. Dear Chorley, As I have said, upon your Return to Maryland I will give you my Manor of Carrollton and ye Addition thereto and my Shore of ye Works, I will also settle on you my Manor of Doughoregan and Chance and ye Slaves thereon on my Death. As you ore my only Child you will, of Course, have all ye Residue of my Estate on my Death. In short, to obviate as much as it is in my powor ovory objection and to hasten ye match and your rotiiru to ino — ^which I hope may be in yo next fall, — if anything more should be required, which you and those you may consult may think reasonable to be done, I leave yoii at liberty to engage to do it; and I think Mr. Baker may confide in any engagement you will enter into, as my whole Estate wiU fall to you at my Death. I am well, but your complaints give me pain; I hope they, in a great measure, proceed from ye Anxiety your passion for Miss Baker gives you. I wish you a happy issue to it, that your health mny bo perfect and that God * Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish. IN BNOLAND. 86 will bless you in everything which may contribute to your temporal and eternal wellfare. I am Your Affectionate Father Charles Cabboll. Letter XXIV. THE SAME TO THE SAME. March 27th, 1764. " Should Mr. Baker's objection bo against hia Daughter's leaving him, if he be a good natured aen- sible Man, he may come with his Daughter and retire with me to Elk Ridge where we may pass ye Remainder of our lives in on easy Retirement, becoming and, I think, agreeable to old Men. In that case I shall sur render to you my House in Annapolis, being desirous on my Pai't to Remove every Difficulty or Objection that may have ye Appearance of Reason, to promote your Happiness. I write but little because you may at this time be preparing for your Voyage to Maryland, in that case I pray to God to grant you a safe and pleasant one." After some further correspondence, the subject of a marriage with Miss Baker was allowed to drop, and (Jliarles Carroll prepared to return to Maryland, a bachelor of twenty-seven. Nearly twenty years had passed since CliLrlos Carroll was sent abroad, and in the inteiwoning decades events of importance had hap pened in the Colonies. The French-Canadian war had come to nn end some years before, and now were already 86 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. heard tho murmurs of the rising trouble between Great Britain ond her Colonies. Charles Carroll was to re turn at o critical moment, when tho foreshadowing of great changes was apparent, and restlessness and dis quiet were prevailing from " the Cape of Florida to the Land of Labrador." CHAPTER VI. CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLI/TON AT HOME— FORE- BODINQS OF THE AMJDRIOAN REVOLUTION (1706). The studios of Charles Carroll came to a close in the autumn of 1765, and the some year he i-eturned to Marylond, orriving at liis father's house in the month of February.' The estate of Carrollton was now settled upon young Carroll, and in future he was to be known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton, to distinguish him from his father, CharlcB CarroU of Doughoregan. Under date of November, 1765, he signed himself to Edmund Jennings " your friend Charles Carroll of CarroUton," " by which appellation," he continues, " if you favour me with on answer, direct to me your letter." Nothing on his return to Maryland was further from the inten tions of young Carroll than to mingle in the local politics of his native land. " I am resolved," he wrote, " never to give myself ye least concern about politicks, but to follow ye sensible advice given by Candid to improve my own estate to ye utmost, and to remain content with ye profits a grateful soil and laborious industry will sup ply." Ho later adds: " Swift, I think, soys somewhere, that a man who by his superior industry ond application mokes on acre of Maryland Cnzetto of 1706. 87 88 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. ground produce two for one in ye customary method of cultivation, is of more real utility to his Country, than all ye politicians that over existed or will exist in it." But, slowly, Charles Carroll found himself drawn into the vortex of approaching troubles. " A cloud not big ger than a man's hand " had appeared on the horizon, and through the length and breadth of the Colonies were already audible murmurs of resistance and discon tent. The Stamp Act was decreed by Royal assent, and the Americans were, morally at least, already up in onus. To his friend in London, Henry Graves, o Master in Chancery, Charles Carroll wrote the following letter depicting the turbulent state of (Colonial affairs: Letter XXV. CHARLES OARROLI. OK OAUROLI.TON TO MIC. lIKNItV GRAVES. 15 Soptr. 1705. Door Graves I have ut lust liovn ye prices of them and of the Pamphlets, and send ye account by your Servant to Messrs. Perkins, B: and Browne in Dolphin Court, Tower Street, and it will be immediately discharged. In my last I informed you I should, if in my power, employ Mr. Taylor : my Father never ships any Tobacco, he finds it much more to his advantage to sell it here: I mention this because our factor's chief profit is on tho sale of ye Tobacco. Our factors are closely combined: tho' hating and hated by each other they confederate to oppress us ; conscious of their iniquity they will be desirous of concealing it or at least willing and united to oppose anyone who attempts to detect or put a stop to their illicit practices. Your jaunt to Switzerland I make no doubt has af forded you much pleasure, particularly as you travelled Avith such agreeable company. I should have been »2 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. tempted when so nigh Venice, to have made a visit to that city, but I suppose your time would not permit you to extend your excursions so fur. Mr. Power is certainly an agreeable man; I am sorry on both your accounts that you ore now deprived of his company and conversation, as I am sure the loss of yours is equally felt by him. Pray remember me to my worthy and good friend Mr. Crookshanks : it gives mo pain to hear he has been so much out of order; but now he is out of ye reach of ye Parliament of Paris and at liberty to range about, I hope he ^vill recover his health apace: I desire my compli- ments to ye gentlemen of my acquaintance at ye " Crown and Anchor " — I am, dear Graves, Affectionately yours Charles Cabboll of Cabbollton.^ Two centuries of power and growing wealth had not disposed Americans to turn a submissive ear to despotic decrees and the behests of tyranny. Excitement grew apace from day to day. Resistance from seditious speech advanced to open action, and the public temper was made manifest when on the memorable night of 1765, Zacharioh Hood attempted to land his " execrable paper" and met with a desperate and successful resistance from an ongry ond determined mob. Charles Carroll wos already associated us a leader in the political measures adopted in the colony and commenting on the Stamp incident to Edmund Jennings, the son, it is remembered, of the Attorney-General, young Carroll wrote the fol lowing: "I had almost forgotten to mention that our Stamp man represented here that partly through your ' Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish, AT HOMB. 93 means and soUoitations, he obtained his odious office. Indeed I never gave credit to ye report." And later, in an able pamphlet, with one stroke of the pen, Edmund Jennings refuted the false statements of Zachariah Hood, while expressing in an eloquent treatise his own sentiments of loyalty and patriotic zeal. Charles Car roll wrote his congratulations to his friend : " your con duct," he said, " has evinced your attachment to your native country which, as to myself, I never doubted of." A general convention of the Colonies was called to meet in New York, October, 1765, and representatives from Maryland were appointed to attend the " First Colonial Congress." Letter XXVI. CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON TO MR. CHRISTOrilER BIRD. 28. Septbr. 1765. Dear Xtopher, Our Provincial Court and assembly are sitting: be fore you receive this, you will learn from ye papers that a conunittee of deputies from the different assemblies' or Parliaments of the Colonies is to meet at New York ye first of October to draw up a petition against the Stamp act and to advise, consult and adopt such meas ures as they shall think most conducive to ye general good and prosperity of their country. Our assembly has appointed three to attend ye congress. £500 Cy. has been voted to defray their expences with proviso to receive more if necessary, and to account for ye surplus. Most of the Stamp Distributors have resigned their 04 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. offices; id est, have been obliged to throw up their dirty employments. Our Stamp Man from a vile instrument of oppression is become an object of pity and contempt: he has mthdrawn liimself from ye just resentment of his fellow citizens and forsook this, his native country which he dared not, tho' willing, to oppress. I should be more full and circumstantial but I doubt not ye Lon don Kants wUl make you acquainted with ye minuteat transactions: I can only say with Portia, " the dawn is overcast, ye morning lowers and heavily brings on ye day big with ye fate of — ^Liberty." The sweets of matrimony are blended no doubt with ye bitters — ^nor is any state or condition of life exempt from its share of evil. ... I am single, have a great fortune, enjoy my health tolerably well, my desires aro far from being tm bounded; and yet ye love of retire ment grows upon me. Remember me in the kindest manner to your Father and Aunt and to Mr. Fenthain: assure Mr. Chapman of my esteem and present my compliments to all who have not yet forgot me and believe me to be Dear Xtopher, Your sincere friend Charles Carroll of Carrollton. A mocking-bird, the nightingale of America, and almost unknown in England, was promised by Charles Carroll to frienda abroad; at the same time he sent a present of wild turkeys, a luxury of his native land abounding, until a provincial disregard for game laws caused at length their total extinction. AT HOMB. 9S Letter XXVII. CHARLES CARROLL OF OABBOLLTON TO - 5 Octbr. 1765. This accompanies six Wild Turkeys for your Father und a riying squirrel for your Aunt Esther: I hope I shall bo able to procure a Mocking Bird by next faU. The greatest confusion will ensue from the late im- political and arbitrary Stamp Act: It is the general opinion no business will be done after ye first of Novem ber when that act is to tiike place: the people are so enraged, that they will, 'tis thought, proceed to the greatest lengths, even to ye burning of the stamps: should the stamps be burnt all law proceedings and in deed every other business will be at a stand; trade will suffer most and consequently ye Merchants who trade with America: in my opinion tliey deserve to suffer and to feel ye effects of an act which they ought to have petitioned against; nor is it any excuse or extenuation of their neglect to aay their petition would have been ineffectual: their own interest, if not the interest of their employers, which I am sorry to soy, seem to be two very distinct ond separate interests, should have in duced them to exert the same vigour, which they shewed on former occasion in opposition to a powerful nunister and to an act not half so destructive of liberty as yo present and would have proved very beneficial to the jirovinces of Maryland and Virginia: Pray present my compliments to Mr. Joseph Perkins and to Mr. Euro. I am gentlemen Your most obedient humble Servant Charles Carroll of Cabrollton.* ' Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish, CHAPTER VIL FOIUIUODINGB OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION (1705), At this time Daniel Dulany, tho leading barrister of Afarylond, while by no moans prepared to resort to arms, wrote one of the ablest pamphlets of the period on the impolicy of taxation, which was republished in England, and earned for the noted jurist tho title of the " Pitt of Maryland," ' To this pamphlet Charles Carroll mode allusion in a lultcr to Air, lirudshuw. Letter XXVIII. • UIAUl.ICS CAKItdl.L OF CARROLLTON TO .MR. BUADSlIAW. 21. November 1765 Dear Brodshaw, I therefore refer you to the newspapers and Pam phlets written on this subject for full information, for it would swell this letter to an extraordinary size, were I to enter upon a topic which now engrosses the fears, the thoughts and the conversation of all men on this con tinent: if you are any ways serious or desirous to enter into ye merits of a cause, the most important, interest ing, and of ye utmost consequence to the British Em pire, I must recommend to you a Pamphlet lately pub lished in this province entitled " Ye Claim of ye colonies or an exemption of taxes all considered." It is wrote with that strength and solidity of argument as must con- ' O'Neill. 00 FOREBODINGS OF TBE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 97 vince the understanding of the unprejudiced; and with that olegonce and beauty of style as cannot foil pleasing good judges and men of taste. Tho climate here is delightful — ^particularly ye Au tumn: the weather is now as mild and serene as it gen erally is in England in August ond Soptombor: many who have travelled through the colonies give ye prefer ence to Maryland, both in point of climate, ye fertility of its soil, and yo sociability of its inhabitants. As tho English Constitution soeins hastening to its final period of dissolution, and the symptoms of a general decay are hut too visible, I advise you to sell your estate in Eng land, and to purchase lands in this province where liberty will maintain her empire, till a dissoluteness of morals, luxury and venality shall have prepared the de generate sons of some future age, to prefer their own mean lucre, ye bribes, und the smiles of corruption and arbitrary ministers, to patriotism, to glory, and to ye publick weal — no doubt the same causes will produce the same effects and a period is already set to yo reign of American freedom; but that fatal time seema to be at a great distance — the present generation at least, and I hope many succeeding ones, in apite of a corrupt Par liament, will enjoy the blessings and ye sweets of liberty — ^biit should you not care to follow my advice and be come an inhabitant of this country that you may not survive ye loss of it in your own, is the wish of one who has ye prosperity of both at heart and desires to be ranked not only in ye number of ye friends of freedom but of yours. Charles Carboll.' ' Family Papers of Mrs. Cnn-oll Mactavish, 98 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. At tlie Colonial Congress a petition was issued to the King and Parliament, in which wore set forth in full tho rights and grievances of the American colonists. Pending a reply from the Home Government, and evidently believing that in union there is strength, the colonists bound themselves to reject all further iinpor- totion of " English goods," Letter XXIX, CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON TO MK, JUNNINlId, 23 Novr, 1765, Dear Jennings, I wish this lottor inoy be us wolcomo us I lliink it will be unexpected : if it be wulcomc it will excuse its not coming soonor, and if unwelcome it conios too soon: — the first thing I suppose you will bo desirous to know, is how I like tho country: tliu cliniiito is certainly upon ye whole much proferoblo to yours: tho bouts of yo sum mer arc iiidood dangerous and disugrooublo to persons who ore obliged to ex]>OMe tlioiiisolvcs to yo sun, but, a few days excepted, are very supportnblo to one in my situntion who cun confine himself to his hou^o: We have political parties umongst us but they arc too trivial and of too little consequence for mo to relate or you to hour: I shall only observe they seem to mo to spring from the some source in which your factions hove theirs: the want of a sufiiciont number of lucrative offices to gratify tho avarice or the ambition of the " Outs." But, indeed, our political quarrels are now forgot or FOREBODINGS OF THE AMBRIOAN REVOLUTION. 99 lay dormant while ye dread of the Stamp Act continues, and tho common danger outweighs private concerns. You arc too well ncquninted with ye English constitu tion and ye Interests of Ajiierico not to sec what a fotol blow both have received from that ond other lote in judicious and arbitrary Acts: I shall not therefore make uiiy comment upon those mousurea: their dangerous tendency is obvious and the consequences too dreadful of submitting to a Porliomentory taxation. I will not presume to fix bounds and to circjimscribe the powor of Parliament: but certainly bounds must bo fixed and there nre certain known fundamental laws essential to und interwoven with ye English constitution which even a Parliament itself cannot abrogate: such I take to be Hint allowed maxim of the constitution that invaluable privilege from birth of Englishmen of being taxed with their own consent: the definition of freedom is the being governed by laws to which we have given our consent, as the definition of slavery is the very reverse: but I am perceptibly sliding into u subject which will lead mo too far and which on that very account I would purposely avoid. If you hnvo a mind to see the claim' of tho Colonies for on exemption of taxes laid by Authority of Parliomont, fairly stated, fully discussed, and as sorted with groat solidity ond strength of argument, I must refer you to a Pamphlet of Dulany's bearing much such 11 title; ond of which many copies hove been trans mitted to London, und I moke no doubt one to you by Afr. Brice. The Alerchunts at New York and Philadelphia hove come to a resolution not to scud for any moro goods of ye manufacture and growth of Great Britain, and to 100 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. contradict tho orders already given, till o ropeol of ye Stamp Act is obtained: this resolution will in my opinion avail us more than petitioning: for, as Mr. Dulany well observes, should the People of Englaud be BO deaf us not to honr und be moved with our complaints, or so blind as not to see the effects of this industry, they will not bo so callous us not to fuel them, ... 1 hud almost forgot to mention tlint our Stamp man reported hero that, partly thro' your means and solicitation, he iibtoinod his odious ofiico; indeed I never gave credit to ye report, and thought ho only made use of your unmo to palliate his crime: for surely a friend to liberty, on Amerioon born, would never solicit an office which would destroy tho existence of tho one ond consequently the privileges of the other. Pray present my compli ments to Mr. Gray whom I esteem as a man of morit and worth, tho' perhaps no fast friend to this country, as having a large shore of property in ye Islonds for whose interest acts have been passed diametrically opposite to ours. AU your acquaintances here are well except Mr. Key: he seems to be in a dongorous way and I under- Ktand Doctor Ilomiltoii has been sent for, which ho seldom is but in cases of oxtromity and danger : I have nothing more material to add but to coixrludo with assur ing you that I am Dear .luniiings. Your friend ('iiarlks C'arkuui. ok Carrollton by which uppullution, if you favour me with un unswcr, direct to me your letter.''' 'Kumily I'npnrH of Mrn. Carriill MiictaviHii. FOREBODINGS OF TBB AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 101 Letter XXX. OilAKI.ICri CARROLL OF CARROLLTON TO MR. BRAD8HAW. 8th, Decbr. 1765, IJeur Brodshaw, Cuptain Hawker is juat arrived here with ye stomps: ho is to winter at Annopolis and probably will keep them on board, as there is no person authorised (since tho flight of our Stomp man) to receive his baneful cargo — or, if authorised, bold enough to touch it: oil men will avoid the execrable paper as coref ully as they would the most dangerous infection. .Mr, Buchanan is to be married this morning, and probably by this the ceremony is over: — as Mr. Browne is well acquainted with ye young lody I need not expa tiate on her occomplishiuents : from the good temper and good sense of both their friends mako no doubt of their being a happy couple. Before this reaches you, you will probably have heard the resolution, the principal merchants and shopkeepers of New York and Philadelphia have lately entered into, viz. not to import goods from England and to contradict the orders already given, unless the goods should be bought and shiped before such fresh instructions are received, and this resolution they ore determined to adhere to, until ye Stomp Act is repealed. I shall leave you to meditate on this resolution, and to draw from it what inferences you please; — the inferences I have drawn are these — the Americans ore jealous of their privileges and resolved to maintain them: thoy are not yet corrupt enough to undervalue Liberty, they are 102 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. truely sensible of its blessinga, and not only talk of thom us thoy do somewhoro else, but really wish their continu ance — they think the most effectual method of obtuin- ing redress against oppression is to moke the oppressors feel it: the ready way to do this is to distress tho mer chants, shopkeepers, tradoamen and manufncturers of England — And I sincerely wish this reasoning iiiuy lie just and these measures produce the desired offoct, us I am convinced in my opinion, that the justice of our cause nnd our petitions unsn|)portod by such vigorous und reasonable resolutions, would operate but slowly, if ut nil, our deliverance front tho juws of dooth; I moan of politicol dentil, which poverty und slavery, the com panions of the Stump Act, will infullihiy bring on : how long wo inuy linger iiiidor our discuso will depend upon the constitutional strength of our body — but linger wo must and perhaps so long that our omocintod curcuss whon drained of oil its vital moisture, its marrow ond its blood by horpies id est (thot is) stump men, excise men, ministerial men otc. etc. will perfectly resemble the description of Famine in Churchill. Prny present my compliments to Afr, Euro and to Afr, •lohn Perkins nnd to his son and Duughter, I nm dour Bradshuw Your most obodiout (?iiAHLES Carroll,* in the uutuiiin of this yeur, 1765, Lieutenant-Gover nor Colden of Now York, rashly attempted at the cannon's mouth to force occeptance of the rejected ' Fiiinily Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish, FOREBODINGS OF TBB AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 103 stamps, whereon was enacted a second and more violent scene, tho counterpart of the Hood episode in Maryland. Letteb XXXI. CHARLES CARROLL OF CABROLLTON TO MR. DANIEL BARRINOTON. 22 Decbr. 1765. Deur Daniel, I wrote to you ye 5th of last September, and my father ye 6th November, both of which letters I hope you have received. The most remarkable occurrences which have since happened are as foUows: Lieutenant Governor Colden of New York, suspecting violence would be used against stamps when landed and willing to screen those cursed instruments of oppression from their just fate took them into ye castle: he feared, or pretended to fear, the castle itself was not out of danger from an insult — the cannon was mounted and pointed against ye town: the behaviour of this insolent Gover nor, who, it seems, was a drummer in ye rebel army in ye year 15, and ye dread of ye Stamp act roused the spirit of ye people, which indeed did not want such provocation: they assembled and proceeded in an or derly manner to ye Governor's stables under ye very walls of hiB citadel took out his coach, erected a gibbet in full view, on which hung ye effigies of ye Governor with this inscription on ye back of it, " ye Rebel drum mer." Under ye gibbet a bonfire was kindled and the gibbet, effigies, and coach consumed together: The Governor was forced, or thought it prudent, to sign a paper declaring he had no intention of acting as stamp 104 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. master, or of nominating any ono to act in that capacity, having no authority to do yo same: not sutisfiod with this written declaration the people insisted on having yo stomps lodged in ye town house under ye euro of yo cor- )ioration or shipped on board. Captain Kennedy, to be sent back to England : the Captain refusing to take them on board, they were delivered up to yo corpoiution upon their giving security for their safe custody. It is not probable that Colden would have complied with this last demand unless he had been convinced that upon u re fusal tho enroged multitude would have attacked ye fort; and considering ye numbers and resolution of ye assailants he, I dare soy, thought they would carry it. This behaviour of ye people of New York at tho hood quarters of General Gage, who to do him justice, hos behaved with singular prudence and moderation, has in spired their North American Brethren with frosh cour age and fixed thom in their resolution of a steady' o{>- position to yo Stiuiip uct: to ye northward of us they proceed with business us if no such low was over heard of. I believe the example will be followed by this Province: tho Frederic county court hus obliged their Clerk to issiiu writs us usual: Baltimore, it is suid, will do yo sniiio — and this conduct, in my apprehension, is but rational and a necessary cousoquoiico, if the people would not consoquentinlly, of wliat they havo already done: since a suaixjnso from business implies a tacit acquaintance of the Low, or nt least yo right or of ye power of imposing such Lows upon us: the right wo deny upon ye soundost of ronsnning, nnd tlin ])owcr we should opposo by nil lawful moans. FOREBODINGS OF THB AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 106 I hod almost forgot to mention that a considerable body of people from ye upper parts of this country came to town with a view to intimidate the council and force them into a compliance with ye lower house in rejecting Mr. Ross' claim: stories were industriously spread of threats and inenoces against the best building viz Dr. Scot's house of this Province: however if any such design was ever intended, the people who were mostly men of some property were too aenaible to carry it into execution: they deputed Afessrs. Ridgeley and Dorsoy with o petition to ye two Houses of Assembly which was presented by Air. Jaquea Carroll: the petition was to this efi'oct: that Mr, Ross' claim might be put off to some future decision, that the journal should be passed and ye several claims againat ye publick aatiafied, and that the money which the country stood in ye greatest need of, might thereby be put in circulation. I do not know what answer, or if any, was returned to this petition, being at Doghoregan while this business was transacting and I have not been informed of ye matter since my coming to town. I hove so little communication with ye house where your daughter is at present, that I really am unable to inform you how she does, but I suppose well, as I have not heard to ye contrary: Mr. William Brent hos been at dentil's door: he wns apeechleaa and given over: but na it is near a fortnight aince I had thia intelligence and have heard nothing of him since, I conclude he ia re covered — hia death, aa bad newa fliea fast, I think I should have heard in that time. — Wotty Hoxton has been very ill and despaired of — but is now in a fair way of recovering his health: My Father desires to be re- 106 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. membered to you: I to your Brother: my love to Dan iel : the Mill ot lost answers our expectations and the labour bestowed upon her. I am, Dear Daniel, Your iTriend, Charles Carroll of Carrollton,* * Family Papers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish. CHAPTER vrn. THE REPEAL OF THE STAMP ACT (1706-00). Letter XXXIL CHABLEB CARROLL OF OABBOLLTON TO MB. OHBIBTOFUEB BIBD. Decbr. 1765. Dear Xtopher, Not from custom or mere civility but from affection and sincerity I wish you the compliments of this season: many happy Xtmasaea and new yeara — I have a regard for oil your family but a particular eateem for your Father, Mr. Fenthain, and your Aunt Esther — between you and me I think her one of the most amiable women I ever knew, my poor mother excepted. I never loved any of her sex so well with that sort of affection which goes by ye name of friendship, ond is ever founded in esteem resulting from the endearing qualities of the mind and heart, sweetness and evenness of temper, sin cerity, unaffected piety and benevolence. — ^Remember me to all enquiring friends: write to me of all my ac quaintance and be particular aa to one for whose happi- 107 108 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. ness is equally near my heart with my own. I am, Dear Xtopher. Your sincere friend Charles Carroll. A revolutionary society called " The Sons of Lib erty," binding its members to compel transaction of business without the use of stamps, was organized at this period, having its origin in New York. Branch associations were quickly formed throughout the prov inces, bearing witness to the unanimity of sentiment among Americans, and letters were communicated from New York to Baltimore proposing a similar society to be formed in Maryland, ond the suggestion at once took root. " Tho gentlemen reodily come into it," wrote Charlos CorroU to Daniel Barrington, Letter XXXIII. OUAHLEb CARROLL OF CARROLLTON TO MR. UANlIilL UARRINOTON. 17 March, 1706. Dear Doniel, Your Letters of ye 27 November and 21 December are come to hand, both which I answer in this: — nothing but a great regard for you and your children, and a con fidence that from ye example [ ?] they would be grate ful, could have induced me in compliance with ye request to engage to act as your Executor, however remote the possibility might be of my undertoking that so unwelcome and melancholy office. When you write to your Brother remember me to THE REPEAL OF THE STAMP ACT. 109 liira in ye most affectionate manner: and give my love to Danny. We are still uncertain of our fate, and as men under such a dreadful uncertainty are generally forming con jectures, as either their fear, or their hopes prepon derate, so our conjectures are various on ye proceedings of this Session, according to ye different disposition of sanguine or desponding men. Hope in general out-bal ances fear: and most are of opinion that ye Act will be repealed — of this I am, I must confess, myself — and if the resolutions of the Parliament are not guided by re- bcntment, or by the heat of party and private, interested views, but should flow from ye dictates of cool reasoning and good policy, no thinking man can once doubt what will be ye result of their debates. Many imagine the Act will be suspended for a time, till some expedient may be hit on to reconcile ye exemp tion we claim from a Parliamentary taxation, with that right and power so impolitically asserted of late by ye Parliament: if the Act should be suspended till such an expedient can be found out, it will be suspended for all eternity: unless indeed the Parliament should be content with resolving they have such a right and never attempt to carry it into execution; but in that case, it is more probable that immediately on passing this resolve, they will repeal the Stamp Act: since the leaving that odious Law Buspendod and hanging over our heads, like an immense ruin ready to fall and crush us to atoms by its weight, will only increase ye apprehensions and ill humour of the colonists, anc! confirm in them a habit of industry and manufacturing which nothing but oppres sion could have lead them into and perhaps nothing but 110 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. a prospect of the some returning upon them once more, will be able to koep up. What 1 will ye Bolid odvan- toges of o most profitable, extensive trade, be given up to nn empty point of honour? will the very being of Great Britain be hazarded for a thing so unsubstantial? A vote of ye House of Commons osserting their right to tax yo colonies, without an intention to enforce it, deserves no better appellation: and intention or resolu tion to enforce it, ore much worse. — The wisdom of the English Senate hath been much applauded — and times of faction and tumult excepted, equally famed for equity and moderation. — These motives joined with a motive still more powerful, Uieir own interest, which they ore too clear sighted not to see, will all strongly operate in favour of America. The clamour of the People out of doors proceeds from their ignorance, prejudice and passion: it is very difficult to get the better of these by reasoning: we have a much more persuasive and shorter argument and bet tor fitted to their capacities thon reosons drown from yo principlos of government ond from our own in partic ular, on argument rather levelled at their pockets than understandings which may indeed greatly contribute by emptying of those to open these: We have nothing to do but hold our tongues, be frugal, industrious, and cloath ourselves; our linen and woolen drapers, who affect to be our sovereigns, will cool, whon ye fumes occasioned by too much eating and drinking, hove had time to disappear; those haughty manners so unbecom ing of fellow subjects and so ungratefuUy thrown out, they will then own [ ?] against a people from whom they draw their chief subsistence. Your account of yo de- THB REPEAL OF TBE STAMP ACT. HI bates in ye House of Commons was very entertaining; ye remark of ye member who was to gladen his constit uents' hearts with ye views of no monies to be raised, made us all laugh. Jonas Green hos ye letter, and in tends to insert some extracts he has made out of it iu his newspaper. — I am not in ye least surprised at your being disappointed with the speakers, I am doubtful in deed whether you wore really disappointed. You must hove been too well -acquainted with yo Parliament, mat ters and men, to expect any Ciceros or Demosthoneses. Mr. Jordon is not yet arrived, I wish ho was, that I might have my books and satisfy my curiosity, for you have raised it not a little by ye account you hove given me of the man: you soy he boa o con siderable influence with ye Proprietary: from whcuco is his influence derived ? the acondaloua Chronicle horo says from ye charms of his wifo: it was even hinted that ye sending him here was only a schomo to get him out of ye way: but his Lady's coming with him seems to destroy that report. In my lost of ye 22 December I informed you of ye breaking up of our Assembly in an angry and discon tented temper, of a scheme which hod been formed for emitting Bills of credit to ye amount of £50000, ye amount of yo publick debt, ond how that scheme was prevented by ye miscarriage of ye Journal, by tho house insisting that Mr. Ross' claim as clerk of the council be inserted in it. If you have ony doubt about ye Justice of that claim, when you have read the messages be tween ye houses on that subject, your doubts will be entirely removed. — The Messages of ye upper house were penned by Daniel Dulany. Their spirit and poign- 112 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. ancy must havo disgusted our Patriots : that gentle man is growing unpopular; — it was given out that ho hud promised under hand, yo Journal would pass. I do not believe it: his conduct in this affair, haa been uniform and he aeems to have made, for once, a aacrifice of popularity to principle : a Pamphlet of his is now in yo press: the intent of it is to undeceive yo People who huvo been too long deluded with false representations maliciously thrown out against the Clerk's claim. Fronklin, I heor, has miscarried in his design of o change of government; his disappointment will chock yo career and thwart ye views of some men in this prov ince, who tho' they have leaa underatanding, have ye Baine disposition to gratify their own private resent ment, ambition, or avarice, at ye publick expense. You may probably have beared of ye association of yo " Sons of Liberty " at New York. Letters said to bo written by some of those Sons were aent to AI r. Lund of Baltimore town proposing such an association there. The gentlemen readily come into it: the letters were communicated to Paca and Chose, who were to solicit an coalition of ye inhabitants of Annapolis with ye Sona of Liberty of Baltimore. The firat atop was to open ye public offices immediately to proceed with business us usual. The letters from New York were produced and publicly shewn on ye hill, when ye whole town wos as sembled; the Bubscribers were men of little note; some expressions wero very unguarded, to soy no more. The scheme of opening ye offices seemed to ye most thinking men of ye town, improper ot that juncture. We hod felt ye inconvenience from o suspension of public busi ness, and knew them, however grievous, not insupport- TBB REPEAL OF THE STAMP AC!'. 113 able. It was but waiting a few weeks longer, when wo had reason to expect very favourable accounts from England; it waa time to act desperotely, when our affairs were desperate; should force be uaed to carry ye act into execution, there was little prospect of its being op posed with any success : these reasons urged by ye prin cipal gentlemen of ye town had the desired effect. Nothing wos concluded on: the Friday following this meeting, which wos on ye Wednesday, the Sons of Liberty from Boltimore town arrived in this city. They were for opening ye offices immediately; the towns people appointed a committee to confer with them; at last it was concluded that ye offices should be opened by ye Ist of April, if they were opened sooner to yo North ward. A committee of ye Sons of Liberty was named to desire ye officers to open their offices on that day and to insist on written answers to their request: thoir answers were printed in Green's paper; I think them very unsatisfactory — however, they satisfied the Sons of Liberty, who were on this occasion more easily satisfied than they usually are: Ye next day they returned to Baltimore: the officers of whom answers were required, were Daniel Dulany, Brice, and Dr. Stewart. You have herewith o copy of yo genealogy you de- sirod. This, I imagine, will meet you in London on your return from Ireland, unless a prospect of succeeding in your business should detain you in that Island longer than you at first intended. — 15e plnuucd to cull upon Mr. Bird in White Friars, just behind ye Temple: — he will be extremely glad to see you as a relation and friend of mine: his sister is a most amiable and deserv ing woman, for whom I shall ever entertain ye sincorest 114 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. f rionduhip and I desire you will inform her of these my sentiments. I left a subscription ticket for yo statutes with Mr. Bird's son : — I have wrote to him to send in the volumes which are already published — and 1 should be obliged to you for bringing with you the remaining volumes. Thia letter ia ulreudy too long, but na I nm writing to you, T neither think ye time or trouble lost: tho most triviul ocenrroneea to one ut thut distance and ao gener ally ucquuinted with ye inhabitants of thia Province, must be entertaining. For this reason I am going to communicate the following intelligence, which may properly without any derogation to ye persons con cerned be ranked under that head. Dr. Thompson has (liuirrolled with CIt Hill on his divulging a conversation of Thompson's, nt his own house: a challenge was given — bill ye peuceinuker of Mollborough, Justice Hop- burn, interfered ond prevented ye consequences of such II duel. Thompson being tied up from avenging himself uf bis Antagonist, a reflection on ye Roman Catholics and a high chained compliment to Daniel Duluiiy single combot [ ?] hod recourse to his pen. He published longer letters filled with aorcosms on Hill's tutting diripositidii, his ignorunco, und illiternteness, with his own aentimenta on ye Stamp Act. This affair ia now almost forgot. Thompson and Wel don have lately had a buttle: Weldon was drunk, and he haa received a gush in his fuce with n hanger which will over remind him of hia indiscretion: nothing else oc curs to me ot present; perhaps something may before I hove un opportunity of sending this: ' ' Family Papers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish, THB REPEAL OF THB STAMP ACT. 115 In England, colonial affairs were absorbing the atten tion of Parliament. To QrenviUe, the Premier, was due the scheme of laying a duty on American stamps, while the longer-headed and clearer-sighted cabinet ministers sought to check the hot action and dangerous stand assumed by the Home Government. Pitt, sym pathizing with the colonies, drew upon his head the ire of liis colleague Grenville, and to the imputation of this statesman that the seditious spirit of the colonists owed its birth to certain factions, the " certain factions " meaning Pitt, that orator replied, " We are told," he said, " that America is obstinate, that America is almost in open rebellion; I rejoice that she has resisted. Three millions of people so dead to all sentiments of liberty us voluntarily to become slaves, would have been fit in struments to enslave their fellow subjects. ... I know the valour of your troops and the skill of your officers, but in such a cause your success would be hazardous, and America if she fell, would fall like the strong man em bracing the pillars of the State and pulling down the Constitution with her." . . . To this famous oration of Pitt which the Irish patriot Grattan declared superior to any of the declamations of Demosthenes,^ was due the final repeal of the Stamp Act. It would seem peace had at length visited the dis turbed state of colonial politics. But a restricting clause in the granted repeal had changed what appeared the dawn of permanent agreement to a merely tem porary suspension of the final struggle. The effect of the revocation was greatly diminished by the formal declaration, that " Parliament had the power to bind the ¦ Graham's " History of the United States ot North America." 116 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Colonies in nil coses whatsoever," and Pitt oven was found to uphold the hollow principle of a dofoated government. The glaring contradiction in the parliamentary decree did not escape the keen eye of Charles Carroll of Car rollton. '' 1 must confess," he writes to Edmund Jen nings, " that Mr. Pitt's idea of a supreme legialutivo authority stripped of yo power of taxation, appears to me to be inconsistent, and nothing that he has yet advanced clears up ye inconsistency to my satisfaction." Letter XXXIV. OIIAHI.ES (?H not in ye least damp our Joy. — It will not hurt us much to resolve or pass an Act that ye Parliament has u right to tax America, if they never put it in practice. Mr. Pitt's Speech has been in all our newspapers; there are fine sallies in it mixed with absurdities. I purdon theae on account of thoae; — the menoces thrown out to restrain our manufactures were ad captandum valgus: ho carried hia ideas of Parliamentary power in that point beyond ye possibility of execution and there fore he did not speak his real sentiments; — an argument that ))roves too much proves nothing. How does the thick damp air of Ireland agree with you ? ore you likely to aucceed ? If you return by ye way of London, pray do not forget to call upon Mr. Bird in White Friars. Our assembly broko up the day be fore ycatcrday: the Clerk's claim atill remaina where it waa: no talk of another viait from ye back woods: 122 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Dulany's Pamphlet haa set that affair and the other contested points dependent on it, in a clear light. It will not bear annalyaing, being chiefly an extract from ye reoorda and Journals of ye asaemhliea; — thia laat Ses sion tho Lower House sent up the several claims on the Journal, and their own for omitting ye Clerk's in two distinct Billa; the Upper House to ye great seeming dis appointment of ye lower — paaaed ye one but rejected ye other. I aay seeming, because I have reaaoii to think their disappointment was mere pretence, and that they expected the Upper House would pass yo one and reject yo other. Since this very expedient of satisfying ye clamorous publick was propoaed to yo lower houae in a meaaogo from tho upper in ye proceeding Seasiona. The old Aaaizo Law boa been revived thia last Session and paaaed without opposition by ye upper house : — a low calculated to increase fees and to prolong suits at Law. Jordan and hia lady urrivod here about ten daya ago; I do not hear ho is much taken notice of; almost all ye gentlemen hove waited on him; entre nous il est un peu Oargon — sa femme est jolie, et voila peut etre le vrai merite du mari. My Fother is woU and deairea to be remembered to you. — ^Before you receive this, I shall probably bo married to Miss Cooke: Jack Brice will soon follow my example or perhaps sot mo one: Afac- Cubbins ond Brice have, it is said, adjusted all matters — Anderson courted Miss Milly Ogle, and has wrote home to his Father to obtoin his consent, it is thought it will be a match. Your mother and siater were all lately well aa alao your littlo daughter who haa received ye thinga you aent her: alio waa in town at ye racea ye 13th in- TBB RBPBAL OF TBB STAMP ACT. 128 stant with her Aunt Digges, whom I then saw for ye first time: — ^Hamilton's horse Figure wone ye first day's and Mr. Calvert's Regular, the second day's purse. When you write to your Brother, remember me kindly to him and give my love to Danny. — ^I have now men tioned all ye private and pubUo occurrences that I can think of at present — and shall therefore conclude Avith wishing you health and happiness. I am Dear Daniel Your Affectionate friend and kinsman Charles Cabboll.^ Letteb XXXVI. OHABLES CABBOLL OF OABBOLLTON TO MB. OHBISTOPHEB BIBD. 22 July, 1766. Dear Xtopher, Pray present my compliments of congratulation to Mr. Huddlestone on his marriage. What follows is par ticularly addressed to your Father, for I know old people have more thought than young. I should be much obliged to my old antagonist, whom I long to see and to beat at Chess, to send me some grafts of the large Aforello cherry in Mr. Francis' Garden at Nightingale Hall : he may send ye Grafts to Mr. Webb, seedsman in Bridge street, AVestminster, directed to my Father. — Webb will take care to forward them to us by ye first opportunity, at least desire him to do it. My sincere re spects to your Aunt whom I shall always esteem as one of ye best women I ever knew: I do not forget Mr. ' Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish. 124 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Chapman: remember me to your sister and to her hus band, and be persuaded that I am Your affectionate friend, Charles Cabboll of Cabbollton. P.S. Pray preaent my oomplimonta to Mr. Scoen and to his daughters. What I am going to ask, from our friendship I havo reason to think you will readily perform : it is to find out Mr. Lockart Gordon, brother of ye Earl of Aboyue. Mr. Graves can probably tell you whore he lodges; if Graves should be out of town, you may find him out by a proper enquiry. Mr. Gordon has bought for me two blooded mares. As he is a gen tleman of pleasure and no waya coucomed in trade, he can not bo informed of ye times when ships sail for this Province, and I havo great reason to suspect that Per kins and Brown will toko no great pains to inform him. Bo pleased therefore whenever you go by the Marylond ond Virginio coffee house in Corn Hill to enquire whether there are any ships to sail and when for this Province, and whether they are light, for in such only can ye mares be shipped. — Give Mr. Gordon timely no tice, that is twenty or thirty days at least, because ye mares are in ye country and it will take some time to bring them up to town and to provide necessaries for them on ye passage. Let Perkins and Browne know that there is such a ship to sail in such a time and that my mares will embark in her. I should be glad you would personally acquaint them when ye ship is to sail, as I think it >vill mortify them not a little: indeed they deserve to be mortified. I hope this will reach you by ye 20th of September at farthest; I hove wrote to Mr. TBB RBPBAL OF TBB STAMP ACT. 126 Gordon by this opportunity to sell ye mares, if they are not shipped off before ye last of October. I shall endeavour to get more wild turkies' eggs and have them hatched by tame turkies: I intend to keep them all ye winter and perhaps to the month of June or July, about which time. Captain Henrick by whom I write this, generally sails for England. Henrick is very careful and obliging; the birds too will be stronger and they \vill have ye advantage of a Summer's passage and I dare say, will arrive eafe." * Family Papers of Mrs, Carroll Mactavish, CHAPTER IX. THE RIOUTS OF THB COXiONIES (1700-07)— MR, OAAROLL'S MARRIAQR Pii'r had now been created Earl of Chatham, and the waves of the tempest attendant on the Stamp Act hud partially subsided. But the declaration of Parlia ment continued to hang, like the sword of Damocles, over the heads of the colonists, and eventually the claims of the Crown were to lead England to the tragedy of iiido])oiidence. Letter XXXVn. CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON TO MR. GRAVES. 12 August, 1766. Dear Graves, Pray tell Mr. Barrington that aa a Lowyer or Judge I should pay great deference to his opinion, but as a politician, I think his views are not very extensive. My Father ia greatly dissatisfied with his present Cor respondents. I proposed to him to try our acquaintance Taylor, but he says I can not conceive ye difficulties of corresponding with one out of ye profession: I must submit to his knowledge and experience in these matters. 120 TBB RIOBTB OF THB COLONIBB. 137 Can you doubt of your dependency, since ye passing ye late famous Act for securing ye dependency of America ? Nu argument should be drawn from cases or contin gencies which probably can never happen: such I take to be those extreme cases — those state exigencies you hint at — which Mr. Hussey well observed could hardly ever really exist. A responsible unpopular minister, who is driven to his shifts, may indeed be very willing to suppose their existence. But I will suppose some such extreme exigency to call upon ye Americans for sup plies: are they not ye best Judges of what they can bear '( hove they not o competent Legislature within themselves to raise taxes? Believe me the people will always most cheerfully submit to thoae taxea which are impoaed by their own repreaentativea. Suppoae, aay you, the Americans should not raise money in case of war on their continent ? I will not, I con not suppose any such thing; the case hath never yet happened: their own interest would prompt them to open their purses and to act with spirit, if the war was undertaken for their defence. But in the present situa tion of things it is olmost impossible there should be a war on this continent; our enemies the French are sub dued and driven out of North America: the Spaniards uro too inactive, too feeble, and at too great a distance to hurt us : the Indians are now peaceable and over awed by our forts and garrisons in ye heart of their Country. By what title are the Commons of England sovereign Judges over the Commons of America? Except the late ex post facto Law, is there any other statute declar- 126 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. ing the Parliament to have a right of imposing taxes on the Auiorioans for the single purpose of raising a reve nue ? Your reasons in support of that wild assertion are far from being satisfactory; till you bring better, I must differ from you in opinion. The Americans did petition: these petitions were rejected because the house had gone into ye consideration of the Bill. But a reflection did not, it seems, occur to you, which strikes me; a minister may huddle a bill through both houses: we are at a great distance, a Bill once past is not easily repealed. You say in many of ye chai-ters, there is an ex press reservation to ye English Parliament of the power of taxing them: of all the Charters, I remember but one, that of Pennsylvania, which both such o clause. You suppose a great deal more than I shall grant, when you soy it cannot be supposed that ye Legislature of Great Britain will wantonly and unnecessarily impose any tax, or that if any act of theirs be found incon- venic7it or oppressive, but what they will alter soften, or repeal if. — What more oppressive and unnoceasary tax, than that imposed by ye Stamp Act? and yet what a struggle in Parliament did tho repeal occasion ! The Eloquence of a Pitt, o Coindon, or a Hussey cuuld hardly prevail over n faction, thot Beomed bent on ye i-uin of England and of her colonies. I thank you for tho Pamphlet on general worrants, porticulorly for ye notes : they cleared up some poa- sages I could only guess at. I am also much obliged to you for Blaokstono's book: I cannot see that it ia yo least infected with ye original Tory education of ye author: his principles, as for as I am able to Judge, aro quite consistent vrith ye mixed nature of our govern- TBB RIOBTB OF TBB COLONIES. 120 luent. Would not ye Whiggiah prinoiplea, if strictly adhered to and proctiaed by Whiggiah miniaters when in Place, soon destroy not only ye prerogative of the King, but even his very office. The genuine Principles of cither Whigism or Toryism are equally dangerous to our constitution I The power of tho King and Lords would bo onnihiloted by the former; by the latter the liberty of ye subject would be token uway and despotism established in its atood. You aeem to take great offence at my aaying that the King with ye Assemblies may raise troops and money iu theae coloniea without ye Intervention of Parliamout. Whatever you may think, thia method upon trial will always bo found yo least liable to exception und }'o moat pleasing to ye people : it was practised with success dur ing the late war. Should this doctrine obtain, you are of opinion that a king of England, might mako himself absolute by means of Ireland and ye Plantations. Wore you really serious when you wrote this ? Tho absurdities of auch a auppoaition — a moment's reflection will dia- cover. Troopa aro to be raised in America, paid by America (for I suppose ye Parliament would not pay them, and I will be hanged, if we pay them for such a purpose) to be transported in English bottoms, and pro tected by English men of war; but, pray where would ye King find ye money to pay his men of war and trans ports ? Would the Parliament sit still and toko no steps to tie such o blundering King's hands, or neglect to make a severe example of his ministers ? England can never be enslaved but by a corrupt Parliament — this and the immense load of ye National debt are the only evils she has to apprehend, and this last only as pro- 130 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. diictivo of the firat. Your Position that Ireland and America belong to the King, Lords, and Commona is quite now und I believe not warranted by any authority, nor defensible upon tho Principles of reason or equity. Your forcible oxpjession of belonging, upptied to Ire land is proper enough (whatever Swift soya on the occo- sion in his 4th Drupier's letter Pag: 130: Oct", Dublin Edition) Knglunil hus all along treated tho innocent and injured Irish, u.s sliivos und boasts of burthen. But Ainoricu, tlinnk lainB) who officiated as clerk; there were also two state chairs placed in appropriate positions in the room. The compony to the number of about thirty, hov- ing arranged themselves, fifteen on each side of the plat form, Hia Excellency entered the room with Mra, Pat terson leaning on his left arm; when they hod wolked up to the altar, the ceremony was immediately com menced by His Grace. After it was concluded not one word woa said till their Excellencies made their obei- aonce to the compony and retired. Very handaome favoura wero then diatributed, and after a short pause it was intimoted that their Excellencies did not intend returning. Upon this hint, his Grace, the Primate and most of the company retired; as they were passing out of the Park, they met one of His Excellency's private carriages driving rapidly towards the Lodge, in which was Dr. Murray, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dub lin. On his arrival, the ceremony was performed according to the rites of the Romish Church, in pres ence only of Mrs. Talbot, (the mother of our respected county member) Mr. and Mra. Blake, Colonel Showe and the two men Johnstone. The two great dignitaries of the two opposite churches were, by this arrangement, not at any one time under the aame roof. Mr. Blake, the chief Remembrancer, has ordered five hundred yorda of ailk, of the richest description to be manufactured in the Liberty, for hangings and furniture for his splendid mansion in Stephen's Green, prepara- 204 CHARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. tory to a succession of grand entertainments which he purposes giving in oonsoquence of the recent marriage,* The year following the marriage of the Lord lieu tenant, was in honour of the " popular event," a season of particular festivity in DubUn. A grand ball was given at the Vice Regal Lodge, and Lord and Lady Wel lesley received, seated on a throne and wearing crowns, with other insignia of their Royal state. In allusion to the Vice-regal dignity of the Mar chioness of Wellesley in Ireland, the famous toast was drunk at a banquet in South Carolina, when Bishop England proposed " Charles CarroU of Carroll ton." " In the land from which his grandfatlier fled in terror, his granddaughter now reigns a Queen." " The marriage of the Marquis of Wellesley with a Roman Catholic, it is to be supposed, pleased the major ity of the Irish nation, and it is stated, " to have been considered a fact of happy import, when the Duke of Wellington's brother became Lord Lieutenant of Ire land, and brought over to Dublin a wife who went openly to Mass, to the horror of all loyal persons." * " It was during the vice royalty of Lord Wellesley, that Sir William Betham, then Ulster-King of Arms, devoted his attention to the elucidation of genealogical details in connection with the grand father of Lady Wellesley, with the result that the Marquis Wellesley obtained leave to quarter the O'CarroU arms in right of his wife Marianne, daughter of Richard Caton." " Louisa, who married Sir Felton Bathurst Hervey, 'The weekly Freeman's Journal, Dublin, Nov. 6, 1826, • Bird's-eye View of Irish History, by Sir C. G, Duffy, * Journal Royal and Historical Association of Ireland. THB MAROBIONBBB OF WBLLBBLBT. 206 Baronet, had, Uke her sister, been left a widow, and in the spring of 1828 she was to marry for the second time, the bridegroom-elect being Francis Osborne Godolphin d'Aroy, Marquis of Carmarthen, the eldest son of the Duke of Leeds, who, at his father's death, which occurred shortly afterwards, inherited the title of Duke, with the family estates. The marriage took place on the 24th of April, 1828, and the bride was given uway by her brother-in-law, the Marquis of Wellesley. In a letter to Lady Wellesley, Charles Carroll of Carrollton expressed his pleasure at her sister's union: " The alli ance is splendid," he wrote. At this time Lady Wel lesley was painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence, and she sent the picture to her grandfather, who, in return, sent his granddaughter his own life-sized portrait painted by Sully. Another artist, a Mr. Harding, had also "drawn " Charles Carroll's picture, described by the Signer as " a most striking likeness of me in the ninety-first year of my life," and OharleB Carroll gave a copy of this por trait to his granddaughter, Mrs. Emily Mactavish. Letteb LXIV. ohables oabboll ok cabrollton to lady wellesley. Doughoregan 10th January, 1828. My dear Maiy, I congratulate you and our whole family on Louisa's marriage with Carmarthen. The choice he has made is a proof of dlBcemment in discovering in Louisa attractions to make him a happy husband. 206 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. I feel most grateful to Lord Wellesley in acting, aa he has done, the port of a tender parent in bestowing Louisa's bond on the Marquis; this transaction diaploya the goodness of heart ever ready to oblige and befriend all who merit his "esteem and confidence. What I are hia important services to the State forgotten? They ore not forgotten by the nation, but unrewarded by ita heod. The Duko, you aay, is doing everything wise and good for his country! I beg leave to differ with you; I can not believe him to act wisely, who nets unjuatly; to koep a large portion of the [lopulation of the empire in a atate of distrust and degradation is a most singular aberration of mind in o man, who is not a religious bigot. I never cross, my deur Mary, your portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence, without thinking it repreaenta one I shall never again see; the sumo thought probably struck your mind in receiving mine by Sully, and drew tears from your eyes. The passage in your letter brought to my recollection the beautiful passage in the first book of the iEneid " sunt lachrima rerum." Welles ley will explain it to you. You write Sully's portrait fails in the expression of my countenance, which, you fancy, apoke the ideo of the mind before words gave it utterance; that look, which partial friends thought in telligent and expressive haa loat whatever luatre it once might have had. A Mr. Harding haa lately drawn my portrait, a moat atriking likeneas of me in the ninety- first year of my life, the countenance with little mean ing, the eyes dim and dull. I have given it to Emily TBE MARCHIONEBB OF WBLLBBLBT. 207 Mactavish, you may some time hence see it, and find my representation of the picture correct. Betsy hos mind, temper and good sense to make hoppy the man whom she may honour with her hand; the one I am sure she will not give without her heart; marriage after all is a lottery in which there aret as many, if not more, blanks than prizes. My love to her and most anxious desires for her happinesa. God bleaa you my dear Mary, preserve your health and grant you happiness here and hereafter, and think of your affectionate grandfather, Chables Cabboll of Cabbollton.' Letti:h LXV. Tim SAME TU THE SAME. Baltimore 10 March, 1830. I received yesterday, my dear Mary, your affectionate and interesting letter of the 4th of January; you are aeldoin out of my thoughts, and I am deeply interested in your happinesa; figure, then, to youraelf how much I was affected by the account you have given me of the love and tendorneaa of your huaband, ao eatimable and ao luved and eateemed by you. Brilliant oa is your sit uation, without that mutual esteem and affection, it would soon become on irksome load. The homage and deference paid to rank, not founded on tho merits and eatoem of the peraon to whom it ia paid, and all the frip pery and parade of life, never did, nor never will reach and aotiafy the heart; nothing but the love of God and the conaciouancaa of deaerving the love and Esteem of < Family Papers of Mrs, CarroU Mactavish, 208 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. your Husband can reach and content a heart such as yours. To see you once more, is my earnest desire, but I dare not flatter myself, that it will be gratified; when so many things contribute to our happiness, that privation, great as it is, ought to be home with resignation; insur mountable evils are much lighter by patience. I am sure, as you obaerve, my admiration of the Mar- quia would be increased by a personal acquaintance with him, but much aa that would be increaaed, I fear I ahould sink in hia estimation, derived from your too par tial account of my character. Betsey's letters of the 10th September and 21st Octo ber I answered. I answered on the 0th of last month the Marquis's letter of 20th December. I sincerely rejoice at the recovery of tho Duke of Wellington's health; that a life so voluoble to his Country may be long preserved is my sincere wish. Should you write to him, say how grateful I am for his kindness to you and your sisters; my love to them; their parting from you will be painful to them and to you. There is a mixture of good and evil in this world, which all must experience, wisely ordainod to wean our affections from it. You will be informed by Mr. Mac tavish that your suit against Joseph Patterson is ami cably settled on terms, I understand, equitable to both. I beg you to present to the Marquis my thanks for his letter, and my sincerest wishes for his health and happiness." Charles Carroll of Carrollton gave Sir Thomas Law- ¦ Family Papers of Mra. Carroll Mactavish, THE MARCHIONESS OF WELLBBLBT. 209 rence's portrait of the Marchioness of Wellesley to her Bister, Mrs, Emily Mactavish, who, at the death of Lady Wellesley, likewise inherited Charles Carroll's own pic ture by Sully, together with a portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence of Lady Wellesley's brother-in-law, the Duke of Wellington. The gold crown and jewelled robes worn as Lady-Lieutenant were sent to the same sister, and the crown, it is said, was presented by the latter to a Jesuit church in Maryland. Other heirlooms of her life abroad, given by Lady Wellesley to Mrs. Mactav ish, comprised the camp bedstead of the Duke of Wel lington on which the " Iron Duke " slept on tho field of Waterloo, and a portrait ring of George IV. presented by that sovereign to Lord Wellesley during the latter's tenure of the Viceroyalty in Ireland. Elizabeth, the second of the " Graces," married, in the May of 1830, Baron Stafford of Costessy Hall, near Norwich. Glimpses of the gayeties of Mr. Carroll's granddaughters abroad come to us through the fashion able chronicles of the day. " The Marchioness of Wellesley," says the Freeman's Journal, " and Miss Caton from Lord Manners' Seat, the Grove, Oxford, Suffolk, arrived on a visit to the Duke of Devonshire at Chatworth." ° And the same paper mentions Lady Wellesley and Miss Caton " mak ing a tour of the watering places in Scotland." And " her ladyship will pay a visit to their Majesties at Windsor Palace — prior to her departure for Ireland." *° The laying of the corner-stone of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, one of the greatest enterprises ever un- * Freeman's iTourniil, Aug. 0, 1833. ¦•Ibid., Oct, 10, 1833, 210 CBARLBB CARROLL OF OARROLLTON. dertaken iu Moryland, occurred on the 4th of July, 1822, und Charlea Carroll of CurroUtou, who wua a member of tlio first board of directoi-a, preaided, wear ing tho bodge of tho occoainn. To his granddaughter, Elizabeth Coton, ho expressed his deep sympathy with, and appreciation nf, this " niugnificont enterprise." Lktteu LXVI. cmaitl.ks (jakkoli, of cakboi.lton to lady btaffohd. Baltimore 20th. Feb. 1828. I hitoly rectiiveil, my door Betay, your letter of tho 14th nf November. The public priuta will inform you what I'apid im- provomenta ore going on in Pcnnaylvania, Jeraey, New York ond the New England Stotea. Baltimore ia not behind any of them, tho railroad to the Ohio ia on ordu- oua and magnificent enterpriae; thia great work, it is expected, will be completed in the course of six yoors and for six millions of dollars. Whether tho State will take the shares allotted to it, is doubtful ; we may pcr- ha])s hear to doy its decision; should it become stock holder, it will contribute much to its success by creating a general confidence in the undertaking. Before I close this letter, I will let you know tho result of the Legisla ture's debates on this important question. You obsorvo thia country is likely to become ot no diatont period, ]>npulou8, flourishing and powerful; how long it will continue ao, depends on tho adherence to the principles which loid the foundation of its grow ing prosperity; the confederation of these Statea, sov ereign and independant within tho powers not dele- TBB MAROBIONBBB OF WBLLBBLBT. 211 gated to the general confederacy, their incorporation with that supervising and controlling government, also sovereign and independant as to the powers devolved on it by the confederacy, is a curious and complicated piece of mechanism of which the world has had no example; time will discover how long it will go on without derangement. 29th. Feb. The house of Delegates has passed by a great major ity the bill for taking this year one half of the shares allotted to the State, and next year the remaining shares. The bill will certainly pass the Senate. We have no doubt, in fifty years from the completion of the rail road, Baltimore will be one of the largest and most com mercial cities in the United States. When you receive thia letter, Louisa will be in London; to her communi cate thia letter with my love. God bleaa you, my dear Betay; I wiah you health and happiness and a good husband, if marriage will con tribute to both. Your affectionate grandfather, Charles Cabboll of Cabbollton.^' When George IV. died, the coronation of " William and Adelaide " took place on the 8th of September, 1831, and the opening of the new reign was mode mem- oroble for Charles Carrollton of Carrollton by the appointment of his granddaughter. Lady Wellesley, to the position of first lady-in-waiting to the Queen. " Family Papers of Mrs. Carroll Mactavish, 212 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Letter LXVII. chables carboll of cabbollton to lady wellesley. Doughoregan Manor September 12, 1830. My deur Grand Daughter, I hove received your letter from Harrowgate announcing the diatinguiahed mark of Royol favour which the Queen boa conferred on you. I appreciate your elevation, but I appreciate infinitely more, her Majesty's conveying through His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, the favourable expression of Her Mojesty's regard and respect for you. I love and Honour Queen Adelaide for tLia flattering monifea- tation of eateem towards my dear Grandchild; and in offering you my heartfelt congratulations on the event, I fervently pray that God may sustain you in your new career, and so enable you to discharge ita dutiea, that the approbation of your aovereign here, may render you more worthy hereafter in the eyea of the Almighty aovereign of the universe. As tho pageaut of tho op- prooching Coronation must necessarily subject you to conaiderable expense, I send herewith an Order for ton thousand dollars; a present, my dear GrandDaughter, from your affectionate grandfather [Signed] Chables Cabboll of Carkollton. P.S. My eyesight of late has become so much im paired, that I am incapable of writing with the aame facility as formerly; not a very surprising circumstance at 04 years of age. I dictate this letter to your sister Emily Mactavish who officiates as my Amanuensis — TBB MAROBIONBBB OF WELLBBLBT. 213 God bless you; my kind love to your sisters and affec tionate remembrance to Marquis Wellesley. Flora was lotely sent to the Monor; while in this City she hod o litter of beautiful puppies; she looks very old, as well OS her preaent oged moater. God bleaa you, my dear Mory. I remain your affectionate grandfather, [Signed] Chables Cabboll of Cabbollton.** After the death of her huabond, Lady Wellesley re signed her position at court held for some years, and apartments were placed at the disposal of her retired maid-of-honor by Queen Adelaide in the historic court of H£.mpton, near Richmond on the Thames. Here in the old palace, whose walls had looked on much of tho drama, ond aome of the tragedy of England's history. Lady Wellesley was the first of her sisters to pass away, her death occurring on the I7th of December, 1853, after an illness of only a few days' duration. The Gentleman's Magazine published an account of the obsequies of the Marchioness of Wellesley, which took place at Costessy Hall, the country-seat of her brother- in-law, Boron Stafford. DOOUIIBNT X. THE UABOHIONESB WELLESLET. Dec. 17 (1853). At her apartments in the Palace of Hampton Court, after a short illness, the most Hon: Marianne, Marchioness Wellesley. " Family Papers of Mrs. CarroU Mactavish. 214 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Her Ladyship was the eldest daughter of Richard Caton, Esq. of Maryland, in the United States of America, and sister to the Duchess of Leeds and the dowager Lady Stafford. In 1830 her ladyship was appointed a Lody of the Bedchamber to her Majesty Queen Adelaide, which office she retained for several years. Her Ladyship's remains were conveyed on Friday Deo. 23, for interment to Costessy, near Norwich, the seat of Lord Stafford. They were received ut the chapel and conducted to a space before the altar, whore, after the ohaunting of the Miserere Psalm and the pro scribed prayers, they were deposited for the night. The funeral obsequies began at half past eight on Saturday morning. The service consisted of the office for the dead, the Moss of Requiem, with solemn music, ond the final absolution or Burial Service, which was performed by the Very Reverend Dr. Husenbeth, many years Chaplain to the noble family at Costessy Hall. The funeral was ottended by Lord Stofford, Alexander Mac tavish, Alfred Montgomery, John Y. Down, Esqa.. and the Reverend Dr. Smith. There were alao preaent Her Grace, the Duchoaa of Leeda, and the Dowuger Lady Stafford, aiaters of the departed. The funeral being private, the attendance of several noble relatives woB respectfully declined. In accordonce with the good old charitable practice, a dole of brood was given tn the poor of Costessy on the occasion of the funeral.' ° " The Qentleman's Magazine of February, 1864, p, IBS. CHAPTER XVII. THK END (1830-32). Emily, the youngest of the Caton sistora, had remained in Maryland. Her early life was passed with her grandfather at Doughoregan manor, and she be came, as he expressed it, his " Amanuenais," writing his lettera when the Signer's sight hod failed from age. Emily Caton married John Lovat Mactavish * of Scot land, and the marriage took place at Doughoregan manor,' Charles Carroll of Carrollton giving the bride away. He bestowed " Carrollton," or Folly Hall, on Mrs. Mactavish at this time, though she continued to reside for some years longer with her husband at Doughoregan manor. To his " favourite grand daughter," Charles Carroll of Carrollton gave his hand aome silver dress sword and much of tho family silver, chiefly stamped with the earlier Carroll crest, a hawk with folded wings. At the time of the republic this was changed to " the hawk in flight," whose extended wings symbolized the breaking of tho new States >vith the parent land. ' Tho name originally written Mao Tavish was anglicized to Mactavish. ¦ Baltimore City Records, 216 216 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Lkiter LXVIII. .MIt. IKIIIKIIT CA&irUKLL 'I'O CIIAllI.Ka CAUKOLL OF CAKKOLLTON. Aiigustn, 24 Novom. 1830. Itoapoctod Friend, Some yeara ago one of tho Countiea on the North Weatern frontiera of thia State wus iinined " CarroU " as nn evidence of tho respect in which your name was held in thia Section of tho Union. Thia county bordered upon the territory of the ('herokee Indians. In the rocen.t acta nf the State extending its lows over the Chorokoos, though yuu euniiut be uninformed of tho tyrannical nature nf these laws in their operation upon thia {leuple, nor of the violoncu which thoy do to the good faith of tho Unitod Statea ua well ua to tho plninoat principles «if Imnoaty und humanity, yet I preaume you nre not nwore that o very large port of tho territory thus unrighteously usurped, boa boon attached to the County nf " CarroU." My prcaont object ia to inform you of thia fact under I ho atrong hope that tho circumatoncea of the coae will induce you to write to the Governor to be laid before tho General Aaaembly now in Soasion requoating that your name may not be recorded in connection with n trnuaoction ao disgro(?oful and unprincipled. The great bulk of the citizena, from tho conduct pur sued by the politicians and the preaa of the State, know loas nf tho true atate of thia tronaaction than the people of olmost nny other Stoto iu the Union. A lottor from you, auitod to tho occaaion and nnuchod in appropriate ternia, might hove the effect of THE END. 217 saving the State from on indellible disgrace, and of pre serving from annihilation a brave, a generous, onoe a powerful, tho' now, from their very generosity, and their confidence in the United States, a helpless people. 1 pray you most earnestly to take this suggestion into your most serious consideration. Such an opportunity of using your uome and influence in favour of humanity — in saving from o yoke of intoUeruble slavery and bondage, a people remarkable for their National and personal attachment to freedom and self-government, has not perhaps occurred to you since that memorable day on which you attached it to the Declaration of Inde pendence. Rt. Campbell.^ A movement was started in 1831, having for its object to give the ashes of the mother of George Wash ington the honor due the parent of the " Father of his Country," and it was naturol that among the first to be appealed to should be found the name of Charles Car roll of Carrollton, the admirer and friend of the first President of the young republic. Letter LXIX. mr. ueale wellford and others to ohables oabboll of oabbollton. Fredericksburg Va: Feby. 19. 1831. To the Hon : Charles Carroll, of OarroUton. Sir, The object of this communication will, we trust, be a sufficient apology for addressing you without the honor ¦ Family Papers of Mr. CarroU Mactavish. 218 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. of a personal acquaintance, or the formality of an intro duction; it has appealed so warmly to our own feelings that we are persuaded it must also enlist those of every . American. Should we have deceived ourselves, we hope that you will pardon the liberty and at least con- code your approbation of the motive. It is a fact, of which perhaps you are not ignorant, that the remains of the mother of George Washington lie in a field in our immediate vicinity, without even a stone to designate the spot. Tradition is already our only guide to her cemetery, and oa the field ia used for agricultural' purposes, the period cannot be far distant, when that will become too vague to be entitled to con- fidonco. Such is already tho fate of the ashes of his father. His contemporaries have paaaed away and none romain, who can point out his burial place. But the mothor of General Washington waa hia guide, philoa- opher, and friend, and if the preaent opportunity ia lost, succeeding ages must forever deplore the sordid ingrati tude which consigned to oblivion without one redeeming effort, the remains of her who gave to her country " an hero without ambition, a patriot without reproach," who was an architect of a charactor which not only shed un fading lustre on his own country, but elevates even our conceptions of tho dignity of man. The undersigned are at present, acting as agents of subscribers for the erection of a new house of worship in this place. It has been suggested that no place of dopoaito for the remaina of thia venerable matron could be aelocted at onco ao appropriate and bo permanent as within ita walls. Our funds aro barely adequate for the purpose of our trust, but we cannot permit ourselves to THB END. 219 believe that the public will refuse their aid to so holy a work, as the addition of a mcinument to the memory of Mrs. Washington. We are unwilling however to come before the public as suppliants, even in such a cause as this, without a fair prospect of succeas, and we have therefore presumed to ask your counsel and aid in bring ing this matter forward in a manner acceptable to those within the sphere of your influence. We shall be satis fied to obtain a sum sufficient to erect a monument in architectural unity with our building, which will be neat and substantial. Should we be more successful than we at present anticipate, we design to render the monument mpre worthy of her whom it is intended to commem orate, and the building worthy of the monument; but should the contributions be more than sufficient for this purpose, they will be appropriated to an object which would more honorably perpetuate her memory than " storied um or animated bust " viz: the endowment of a Washington Female Orphan Asylum — an institution which would cause many yet unborn to bless the memory of a matron whose power to confer benefits on her fellow creatures did not cease even with hor life. We mention this merely as a contingency, but as one which may possibly occur and as we have ventured to offer you the above statement, we wished frankly to put you in posaeaaion of all our views, that you might be advised how the funds would be disposed of if they ex ceeded the sum requisite for the object immediately in view. May we now presume respectfully to solicit your aid in this matter? If we should be so fortunate as to obtain for it your countenonce and influence, we will as 220 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. soon as your reply is received, forward a copy of our application to the people of the United States with the correspondence between Mr. Custia of Arlington, who ia flssooioted with ua, and Mr. Gordon, the proprietor of the farm on which the relica now reat, and rely on you to adopt such measures in your vicinity os you may deem most likely to be successful. We do not however wish to impose on the liberality of any individual — a small sum, say 5 or 10 — we should esteem an ample subscription — either more or less would be received with gratitude. Wo have the honor to be. Sir, Very respectfully, Your obedient Servants. John S. Wkllfokd Thomas Skddon James Vasb Beale Wellfobd Allen W. Mobton William I. Robebts Charles C. Wellford Benjamin N. Barnett Please nddrosa your reply to John S. Wellfori. Froderickaburg Virginia.* • Family Papers of Mr, Carroll Mactavish, Signed on behalf of the Committee by Beale Wellfobd, THB END. 221 Letteb LXX. THE COMMITTEE FOB THB CELBBBATION OF THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVEBSABY OF WASHINGTON'S BIBTHDAY TO CHAULEB OABBOLL OF CABBOLLTON. Annapolis, February 10, 1832. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Esq. Sir, Tho undersigned joint Committee appointed by the two Houses of the General Assembly of Maryland, to make arrangementB for the Celebration of the Ceu- tennial Anniversary of the birth of Washington, re spectfully rcqueat your attendance at Annupolia on that occaaion. Permit us on behalf of those we represent, to aaaure you, the preaence on that occaaion, of one whom our Country reveres, as the last Survivor of that illustrious band who enrolled us among the Nations of the earth, and whom, his own native Maryland, upon whom he had conferred so many benefits by services both in the Nationul and State Councils, so juatly takes pride in, would revive many cheering recollections and afford inexpressible gratification. We are Respectfully, Ynur moat obedient Servants, P. LAUICENSnN Thomab Sappinqton LiTTLKTON Dennis Teaokle Thomas Ehoby RicHAKD Wtt. Cabmiobael William T. Wootton B. J, Heabd R. W. Kent John G. Chafman Hknky Page.' * Family Papers of Mr, Carroll Mactavish, 222 CBARLBB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last Signer of the " illustrious band," lived to see his chUdren's ohUdren to the third generation. His son, Charles Carroll of Home- wood, died in the spring of 1825; the latter's son, Charles Carroll of Doughoregan, became next heir in line to Doughoregan Manor. Charles Carroll, the sou of Charles CarroU of Doughoregan was already living" and was to marry in coming yeara Caroline Thompson of Virginia. As was said, ho inherited Doughoregan Manor, but sold it, when tho estate paaaed iiilu the pos- aeaion of his brother, John Lee Carroll, who became distinguished as a member of the Maryland Senate and the Governor of that State. John Lee Carroll, Esq., married Anita, daughter of Royal Phelps, Esq., o banker of New York, and sec ondly. Carter Thompson, o sister of the wife of his brother Charles. A letter written to Mrs. Caton by the Marquis of Wellesley many years after the death of the Signer, and when the daughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, then advanced in years, was threatened with blindness, congratulates her with old-world courtesy on the cour age evinced under a painful operation of the eyes. And it urged the entering in the diplomatic service of her grandson, Charles Carroll Mactavish, Esq., who was edu cated iu Eilglond under the core of his aunt, Lody Wel lesley. Owing, it seems, to the persuasion of Lord Wel lesley, the eldest son of John and Emily Caton Mac tavish became for some years a member of the Brit ish embassy at Constantinople, where the Duke of * In this generation the surname " Doughoregan " appears to have been drnppcil. THB END. 223 Wellington's brother was at the time ambassador to Turkey. After some years spent abroad in the dip lomatic service, Charles CarroU Mactavish, Eaq., re turned to Maryland, where he married Marcella, the youngest daughter of Lieutenant-General Winfield Scott. Letter T.XXI. the marquia of wellebley to mb8. caton. Hurlingham Houae. June 20 1850. My deur Mra. Caton ily long ailence would acorcely be pardonable, oven if your quality of mercy were exerciaod with as much indulgence aa Mulgnone and O'Connell uao, in dispens ing the Queen's porogotive in Irelond to Rogers and Rapporees. I can, however, truly plead that I have never ceosed to toke the deepest and most affectionate interest in your welfare, and I have heard with the greatest pleasure that your health, and spirits and your excellent understanding continue in full activity and vigour, although your sight has not been so perfectly restored, as you wero entitled to expect from the resolu tion and fortitude with which you endured o painful nnd dangerous operation. Poor Lord Westmorelond (although once Lord Lieutenant of Irelond, ond long a Cabinet Minister) was deficient in your strength of mind; and, in consequence, of his irresolution, boa totally lost his Bight, which loss he bears os ill and im patiently OS he boro the operation; what a contrast be tween the British statesman and a noble-minded Amer ican lady I 2^4 CHARLES CARROLL OF OARROLLTON. But 1 oin deviating from the object of thia loiter which is to give you my honest opinion and desire respecting the destination of Carroll Mactovish, your amiable and excellent grandson. He bos resided for some time in Paris; and I, who quite prided myself on my knowledge of the French longuoge, quite envy him his accent. After pure considerotion, 1 um satisfied that the Diplomatic profession is the career in which he would be most likely to succeed, and to bo happy; and Mr. Stovons himaolf may grontly uaaist in hia ndvancemcnt. I also nun uid him in propurution for thot profeaaion. If I hove odviaed him, merely with o view to hia in tended profeaaion, I should hove recommonded him to roinain iioru, uutil Mr. Stevons could place him in an offiuiul atution; but hia own deaire to viait hia parents und my aenao of the propriety of auch a viait, incline me to approve his present intention of going to America. I cameatly udviao thut he ahould not be detained there more than a month, ua I om aatiafied hia general advancement depends, in u grout degree, on hia early return to England. While he ia in England my houae will be hia home. My affection und interest for him will, I truat, bo my oxcuao in your judgment for tho freedom with which I hove given my opinion, which perhops ought to hove been left to the freo exercise of your superior knowledge and great powers of mind. On the subject of Amoricon offoirs and pursuits, I con not pretend to much informotion; and I am not so voin, oa to imagine that if your view of this subject should be THE END. 226 different from mine, I can have formed a correct opinion. Ever Dear Mrs. Caton, with true respect and esteem, Yours most faithfully and affectionately, Wellesley. A a Lady Wellealey writea to you, I only say that I think she ia in much better health than she enjoyed for aomo time paat. W. In the autumn of 1832, Chorles CorroU of Carrollton was seized with the illness which in a few months proved fatal. But now he ralUed, and hopes were entertained that years full and honor-laden were stUl to be odded to. To hia daughter, Mrs. Caton, Mr. Wharton of Phil adelphia addressed a letter of congratulation on what appeared tho restoration to health of her distinguished parent. Letter LXXII. Mil. WHARTON TO MBS. OATON. Washington, 30th. Octr. 1832. My dear Madnm, Your favour of tho 27th. instant has just come to hand, and besides the pleasure which a letter from you always affords me, it communicated the additional satis faction of learning that your dear and venerable Father hos recovered and (for so I conclude,) is now iu snug winter quarters, in your city. I can readily conceive, deor Madam, what your feel ings must have been at his late illness. To behold, such a Father as yours, one with whom you had lived so long, and who on so many accounts must be dear to you, — 220 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. sinking in the arms of death, must, indeed, hove been a source of the most poignant onguish, ond called fo^'th feelinga which I am sure ho longuugo cun describe. Thank God I that for this time you hove been spored the offiiotiou of his death; but after oil, Modum, it must come Booner or later, — and hence we should endeavour to prepare our minds for an event, which according to God's Providence, must happen. Almighty God has been to you, and your family, exceedingly kind, in showering down upon you the superubundonce of the goods of this life; and in granting to your dear Father a length of days which he accords to only few of the children of Adam. While therefore I honour you for honouring your Parent — while I esteem you for loving him, who, under God, is the cause of your existence, and while I am very far from condemning those feelings which his late ill ness so very naturally called forth, yet, it will be very well for you, graduoUy, to occuatom your mind to the conaideration, that in o very short time, he muat leave you. . . . But doing thia, you will ho better prepared to meet the shock of hia departure. For you then, deor Madam, who hove lived to see your venerable father snatched from the jaws of death, enjoy oil the oomfort which this dispensation of Divine Providence is calculated to afford ; and while you return your grateful thanks to him for so signal a benefit, still bear in mind, that you may soon be called upon to mourn the death of that venerable Father, whose recovery has been to you a source of so much joy. For, Modom, he THB END. 227 ia become very old; and it aeems to us that it is nearly time for him to take possession of that happiness which awaits the just and faithful man. Do you, who are placed in an exalted station, edify all by the firmness of your foith, and the piety of your life. Do you, who are a daughter to the best of Parents, love him in life, and be resigned to God's vrill when He caUs him hence. Do you, who in common with your ancestor, belong to that Church which is supported by the arm of omnipo tence, and cemented with the blood of Martyrs always remember that your first obligations, your first duties, your first allegiance ore to God. Pardon me, dear Madam, for writing you thus freely, and pardon me the rather, becauae you are in great meoaure the couae of it. For, at a time when I wanted a friend, you were that friend. And although my advice ia offered with much freedom, atill I hope that the offering will not be rejected, aince it ia mode in the apirit of the most pro found respect and sincere regard. Present me in the most respectful and affectionate terms to your venerable Father — and to your whole family, os well as to Mrs. Horper. Adieu, Dear Madam; and that Heaven may bless you and youra, ia the aincere proyer of your friend ond most obedient servant, Chables H. W. Wharton. P.S. Some years ago your father was kind enough to promise me a medal of his likeness. Permit me to ask you to remind him of his promise; for I confess, I shnuld like to havo this testimoniol of his regard for me. The devout hopes entertained for the permanent 228 CHARLES CARROLL OF OARROLLTON. recovery of the uged Signer were not to be fulfilled, and a few daya from tho reception of Mr. Wharton's letter Charles Carroll of Carrollton relapsed into his previous illnesB. The end came about midnight of the 14th of November, 1832. U'he lost hours of the Signer ore described by on eye-witness " a picture never to be forgotten." Surrounded by some of hia fomily and the family slaves, Charles Carroll received the last rites of the Catholic Church from the president of St. Mary's Col lege, tho ground for which he hod himaelf bestowed in years gone by; then he who hod lived liis life u hero and a patriot met his death, " o philosopher and a Chris tian." The funeral of Charles Carroll of Carrollton took place from the Catholic cathedral of Baltimore, and the interment in the chapel of Doughoregan Manor. Here ot the right of the ancient altar atunda the monument marking tho spot where tho usliea of the Maryland Signer lie among the generations of hia family. Two genii with inverted torches keep watch. Below are seen the scroll and pen and the field of stars symbolic of the Independence. Above, there stands the cross, the emblem of his faith, and the inscription simply reads: CHARLES cabboll OF OABBOLLTON, Born September lOlh, 1737 Died November 14th, 1832, APPENDIX. Doodment. A DEED FBOM JOHN OITTINOB, ESQ., OF MABYXAND TO OHABLES OABBOLL OF DOUGHOBEOAN IN THB YBAB 1753. Know all men by these presents that I John Gittings of Prince George's County for and in Consideration of the Quantity of Seven thousand and two pounds of Tobacco to me in hand paid by Charles Carroll Esq. have given granted, Bargained and sold and by these presents do give, grant. Bargain and sell unto the said Charles Carroll one Negro man named Frank, and one negro man named Prince. To have and to hold the aforesaid Bargained Negroes unto the said Charles Car roll his Heirs and Assigns for ever; And I the said John Gittings do hereby bind myself, my Heirs, Executors, and Administrators to warrant and for ever defend the said Negroes unto the said Charles Carroll his Heirs and Assigns for ever from and against all persona Whatso ever. Pbovided that in case the said John Gittings his Heirs, Executors or Administrators shaU well and truly pay unto the said Charles Carroll his Heirs, Executors, Administrators or Assigns the full and just quantity of 229 230 CHARLEB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Seven thousand and two pounds of Crop Tobacco at the Town of Upper Marlborough ot or before the Tenth day of June next with legol Interest for the some. That then the obove Bill of Sole to bo void and of no effect. And I the aaid John Gittings do hereby bind myaelf, my Ileira, Executors and Adminiatratora to pay the ofoiu- soid Quantity of Seven thousond ond two pounds of Tobacco with Interest oa aforesaid unto tho sold Chorles Carroll his Heirs or Assigns firmly by these, . . . Sealed with my Seal and dated this Sixth doj' of Septem ber In the year of our Lord One thousand Seven hun dred and fifty three. Signed, Sealed and delivered John Gittings. In the presence of Geo. Clarke & W"' Turn'- Wootton Prince George's County Sst. On the Seventh day of September One thousond Seven hundred and fifty three John Gittings acknowl edged the within Instrument to be his Act ond Deed and the Negroes therein mentioned to be the Right of Charles Carroll Esqr. according to the true Intent and meaning of the within Deed and the Act of Assembly in that case made and provided. Before Ron'- Taylor,' ¦ Family Papers of Mr, Carroll Mactavish, APPENDIX. 281 Letter I. CHABLES CABBOLL TO HIS SONS, CHABLES OABBOLL OF nOUOHOBEOAN AND DANIEL. Maryland July 7"": 1719. Sous Charles und Duniol I suppose you have before this Time, had the afflicting news of your Brothers death, within about Six days Saile of tho Capos of Virginia as ho was Coming in, it was upon tho 10"': day of Aprill lost, I hope you both know your duty, upon ao Lamentable on occaaion, the moat that you and I or any other of his Relations and frienda can doe for him now, ia to pray for the repoao of his Soul, wherein I disire you will not be defficient nor in minding the Sodallity whereof he was a member of what ia uaiiall to be done on auch occasions. . . . I have desired M': Kennett to reniitt your Rector, Ten pounds to be by him Iinployed after tho best man ner that Such an occation requires. . . . Pray give my kind respects to the Rector and tbe rest of the good family there, and acquaint him that I continue to you and your brother your usuall allowance besides defraying any necessarys or Journeys or other wise and the same Shall be remitted him as your pen sions are. I do design provided, I hear you do well, that you shall not be behind hand in my Esteem, with your Brother and therefore desire you will Vigorously prepare for tho defence of your Univorsall Philossophy, if tho Rector and your ProfesBor approves thereof, who ahall be furnished w"': tbe necessary Expense, but if thoy do not think, that you can go Through it with ap- :¦y^.\^' -^ /V/./ i; ¦ r ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ,»-¦ v.y.-.J ¦ ,»,..^, .._yv.,/,-,/Si ^ .-V , ^¦,.,.'. •¦../,• ¦J/: ,.'],.. ,-.,^..<: . -^..^ .,¦...,, -ri/ J.. ,y '. . ' , \ .' . / r • • • 1 .. . / . '/, / '*- ¦'''¦¦.'' ..i.Jt' .o C'.r^*--^ • -..7 '•, APPENDIX. 233 II. THE FAIX OF OBWBGO. BXTRAOTa FROM LBTTSB3 WRITTBN TO OBABLSS CARROLL OJT nOUOBORXOAlf. EXTBACT FROM A LETTEB FBOM ALBANY AUGUST 31, 1756. After an anxious suspense for several days 'tis now past aU Doubt that we have lost Oswego; the manner how is not certain. Two Sailors who escaped from thence told the Story. On the 9th or 10th of Augst. inst. one of the Schooners came in and gave an Account to the Garrison that a large Army was encamped about four miles to the Eastward on the Bank of the I^ike. — Two Sloops were immediately ordered out, if possible to annoy them, and when they were approaching to the Shore, they received a fire of Cannon from the Enemy and several of the Shot struck one of the Sloops. Find-, ing then that the Enemy had heavier Mettal, the Sloops returned to Oswego, and the third day after the French Army, consiBting of 3000 French and Many Indians approached Fort Ontario, on the East side of the River then commanded by Captain Paget, the Enemy prepar ing to play their Cannon against it, and then Captain Paget sunk his powder ir. the Well, spiked up his Cannon and returned to tlio old Fort on the West side of the River. The Enemy soon after began to play their Cannon upon the old Fort. Oui whole Numbers there were about 16 or 1600 Men, the Engagement coutinued from Thursday to Saturday Noon, being tbe 14th of the 234 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. month, when Colonel Mercer being killed the Garrison beat a Parley. Lieutenant Middlemore went over to the French Camp to treat about a Surrender and returned with an Officer who was blindfold. Just before the Parley a considerable Party of the French had forded the River abovo at the Rifts and were Preparing to ottook the Lines about the old Fort, where Colonel Schuyler was posted; the Sailors are ignorant of the terms of Surrender, but understood that they were honourable and remember that both English and French Colours were flying the greatest part of the afternoon. We are also informed that when this intelligence was brought to General Webb at the Carrying place, the trees were fallen to stop up the Wood Creek and that the Enemy began where we left off and continued the Obstruction down to the Oneida Lake. Thus we have lost one of the most important Garrisons upon this Con tinent. Oswego, enabled us to command the Lakes, it secured us a share in the Fur Trade. It out off the com munication between Canada and Louisiana and thus pre vented our being restricted to scant Limits along the Sea Shore. It embarrassed the French in their Access to the Ohio. It obstructed their irruptions into the Southern ColonicB. It covered the Western Frontier to the Province of New York and secured the friendship or rather the Neutrality of tbe Six Nations. General Shirley was always sensible of its vast importance, all wise and disinterested Men in the Colonies knew it, and many miserable Wretches on the frontiers will probably feel it before the next Campaign. How it came to be lost is a Question which no Man in this Colony will take upon him to determine. New Jersey has lost a Rogi- APPENDIX. 236 ment. She has lost more. She has lost Colonel Schuyler a brave and loyal Subject, who diffused his own ease and all the delights of an affluent Fortune to the Service of his Country. Who had greater inducements to content himself at home? None. Who has fol lowed his disinterested Example ? But one, and yet few have been less noticed. EXTBACT FBOM A LETTEB FBOM HALIFAX, AUGUST 23, 1756. Saturday last Vizt. Augst. 21. a fishing Schooner arrived here the Master whereof reports and has offered to make Affidavit of the same that he saw Commodore Holmes with seven Ships take four French Men of War off Louisburgh; 'tis supposed these are the four Ships that Commodore Holmes engaged last Month so briskly. We have had advice of their Sailing from Louisburgh and as the Wind has not been favourable so as to permit Mr. Holmes's arrival here, the report gains Ground. EXTBACT FROM A LETTEB FBOM BOSTON, DATED AUGUST 23, 1756. Just now arrived Captain Trehey from Halifax who says, as he was coming out, he met two flying Schooners bound in, the Masters whereof told him that Commodore Holmes had in Tow four of the five French Men of War that he engaged some time ago off Louisburgh. 'Tis also just reported by a Vessel from Barcelona that either Bing or West is sent home for some misconduct, and that the English are not so well off as we are too opt to think. 236 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. EXTBACT FROM A LETTEB FBOM A GENTLEMAN IN ALBANY, DATED SEPT. 9, 1756. Philadelphia September 9 th. The fall of Oswego is confirmed by the Indians with this additional shocking Circumstance, that the French have massacred every soul except 150. We had before confirmed accounts of the Plaoe surrendering upon capitulation, and were it any other enemy in the World than the French, I could not devise how to reconcile so different accounts; but I could easily believe that the French would, on any pretence or none, if they saw any advantage in it, break any Capitulation and commit any Murders. An Attempt to strike somewhere must be hourly expected of the French. If the Country knew, I should rather say, were sensible of this Danger, for they have been told of it, they would be more alive, nay more in Earnest, in their Defence and We should have leaa to fear from the Enemy. In a Letter from the great Carrying Place dated August 22nd., it is said that in defence of Oswego we liad only one Officer killed, one wounded and lost eight or nine private mon, and that there was in the garrison above a year's provision and ammunition for 2000 men." Letteb 111. chables carboll of doughobeoan to ohables cabboll of oabbollton. July 25th, 1763. Dear Chorley, On ye 8th past our Troops landed at ye Bay of Gabori nigh Louisburgh and drove ye French from their Posts ' Family Papers of Mr, Carroll Mactavish, APPENDIX. 237 there which were strongly intrenched : We are said to have lost 70 Soldiers and about 100 SaUors in ye landing and Attack. The French abandoned (after destroying them) ye Grand and Light house Batteries (see a Plan of Louisburgh in P. Charlevoix' History of New France). We have erected a Battery on the Ught house point to Command ye Island Battery and to dismast ye Men of War in ye Harbour which are said to be six of ye lane and three Frigates, which with ye Town, we think, must inevitably f aU into our hands in a short time after ye 25 post, our Accounts from thence coming no later. A French Frigate of 32 Guns with ye Gover nor's Lody and about sixty other Ladies, with many valuable effects, stole in ye Night out of ye Harbour and passed our Men of War a small distance; but it faUing calm, she was taken. Our news from Lake Ohamplain is not so favourable; on the 6th instant our Troops landed to ye number of 16,000, seven Miles from Ticonderoga, which I think ye French call Fort CariUon and attacked a pass of forty Men, among whom . . . Lord Howe. On ye ... we attacked Ticon deroga; ye fire was very warm on both Bides for some hours, but we were at last obliged to retire, having lost, as it is said, 1526 Regulars — that is killed, wounded and missing — and ninety seven Officers killed and wounded many of Note. On ye 9th we returned on ye higher side of the Lake with a Resolution to return with our heavy Cannon, but I fear our attempts on that side are over for this Campaign, and I wish our loss there may not be much greater than it's reported to be at prooent. As to our Expedition against Fort Du Quesne, it goes on so slowly that I begin to doubt whether it was not meant 238 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. to divert ye French. Our great Superiority at Sea is evident our Enemies steal out of their Ports and dare not faijo us; hence in time, their several Colonies by being distressed must submit. We have taken ye fol lowing Ships since ye Commencement of ye War: Foudroyant 80 Guns, Esperance 74, Oriflame 74, run on Shore, Orpheus 64, Alcide 64, Lys 64, Arc en Ciel 50, Duo d'Aquitaine 50, AquUlon 48, Royal Chariot 36, Hermione 36, Melampe 34, Nymphe 34, Brune 30, Galatea 22, Raisonable 64, beside 6 Line of Battle Ships and two Frigates cooped up iu ye Harbour of Louia- burgh which in all probability will fall into our hands, if not burnt by ye French before they surrender. We have lost ye Greenwich of 50, and ye Warwick of 60; con France with bo inferior . . . shews what Miracles Genius, Activity and Resolution can work. One would think him Master of France and ye Austrian Domin ions; and that ye power of all own hardly without a risque. We doubt not but the Events of ye War will be much in our favour. Hitherto the Campaign has not been opened by any Action, The Bulk of our Forces is assembled at, and between, Albany and the Lakes of the Sacrament, and the Provincial Forces exclusive of the Regulars are said to amount to 7,000 Men. The French Forces at the Fort St. Arediru we soy amount to 3000: Besides the Regulars shipped from England this spring, we hove six Regiments besides the Royal American Regiment to be raised and to consist of 4,000; and, it's said, three or four Regiments more are expected from Britain. Lord Loudon, who is to command in Chief, is hourly expected — if not orrived. In appearance all these APPENDIX. 289 Forces will march against Fort St. Frederic and some of the French Forts on Ontario or Erie Lakes. We have lately taken a French 54 Gun Ship and a store Ship of 400 Ton and 80 Men laden with Ammu nition etc., both bound for Louisburgh. This was taken by the Norwich of 50 Guns, and another Of sixty Guns. Eleven more, which had been in Oompany, may fall into our bonds oa we have thirteen Ships of War cruising off to Louisburgh. These Accounts I give you to satisfy your Curiosity not to display my own Judgment, aa a Politician, but I hove repreaented things as I conceive them. I may be misinformed, for every day brings new and contradic tory Accounts. My Plantation where you lived has been greatly im proved by beautiful Meadows, a fine Orchard of the choicest Fruits of all Sorts, a veiy -pretty Garden well walled in etc. etc., so as to make it as pleasant an Inland Seat as any in Maryland. But that and all my other Poaaesaiona I am determined to quit, if I can meet with the Succeaa I expect from my Scheme. I shall remove from a settled and well improved Estate, and in the Sale of which I expect to lose to the value of at least £10,000 Bterlg. But to procure Ease to myself by flying from the pursuits of Envy and Malice and to procure a good Establishment for you, I am willing to undergo and struggle with all the difficulties and inconveniences attending on a new Settlement in a new Climate. There is but one Man in the Province whose fortune equals mine. Judge from this of the Love I bear you, but at the same time be persuaded that my Affection towards you is greatly increased by the most agreeable Acooimts 240 CHARLEB CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. I receive of your Pious Prudent and regular behaviour, of your sweet temper and disposition and of the profi ciency and figure you make in your Studies which gives me the strongest reason to hope, that you will in the course of your Life no less distinguish yourself among Men than you hove hitherto done among your School fellows. Initium Sapientiae timor Domini. Alwaya remember this.^ Letter IV. TIlK SAME TO THE SAME. Feb. Oth, 1750. Dear Charley, I still persist in yo Resolution to aell my Eatate here. Since my Return I have sold to ye Value of £2000 Ster. upon a piece; I am in hopes my lands will go off better and faster; what I have sold has not been under Value. I wrote to you that on my return I found my affairs in as prosperous a way as I could expect. I have let Mr. Croxall know ye Compt. you pay him on that head. As I doubt not your serious and diligent application to your Studies I am not against ye agreeable Realization you propose of a Tour to Lyons, especially as you take Mr. Power with you; ye choice of your Companion is oil instance of your Prudence and Virtue. I present my sincerest Respects to him. I think no more of ye Project I mentioned to you, and which I was fond of: Fugacea labuntur anni, and the success would depend much on my life. Your French letter is prettily wrote ; * Family Papers of Mr. Carroll Mitctnvish. APPENDIX. 241 I don't doubt but you wiU be a perfect Master of that Language. As to news on ye 25th of November, we took PoBseBsiou of Fort Quesne on ye River Ohio or rather of ye Spot on which it stood, ye French having blown up and deatroy'd ye works. This ye want of Provisions obliged them to and their want of Provisions proceeded from ye loss of Fort Frontiniac and ye Maga zines there ; had they been supply'd with provisions that Fort would have been still in their possession ; for by ye difficulty and length of ye way, our Troops were almost starving nor could they have got a sufficient Supply to stay a week before ye place. Our disappointment at Ticondoroga is imputed to ye Misconduct of General Abercrombie, who, it is said, was not equal to ye Com mand. When he found he could not force ye French Entrenchments, which was attempted by a coup de main, he should have made an immediate retreat and pro ceeded by a regular attack, instead of this he left his Troopa aome hours exposed to ye murdering fire of our Enemies. Mr. Montcalm's disposition for a defence is as much censured by our Officers as Aberorombie's attack. They say that from a rising Ground with two or three pieces of Cannon we could have drove ye French from their works, which were so constructed as to be enfiladed. These are little Anecdotes; all ye rest you may see in ye Gazettes. Upon ye whole, our Campaign in America has been a glorious one, and we doubt not ye Conquest of Canada next Campaign, if ye Efforts of this year be equal to ye last which we have no room to doubt. By our Superiority at Sea, all supplies are out out from Quebec; their Entrepot Louisburgh is in our hands, ye Isle of St. Jean and several of their Settle- 242 CHARLBB CARROLL OF OARROLLTON. ments are destroy'd and ye Inhabitants sent to old France; Quebec will not only want their help and ye Provisions they supply'd her with, but France will be burthened with ye . . . Things are in a quite opposite Situation with ua; yo pay of so many Troops, ye Money laid out iu proviaioua and providing Magazinea eto. for them, circulates briskly among us, and we have plenty of Proviaioua for much more numeroua Forcea and more thou enough beaide to aupply our Weat India lalonda, ao that ye War which at firat, as a new thing, was terrible to us, is now our interest ond desire. Beside, by the Possession of Fort du Quesne ye Weatern Frontier of Virginia, Mary land and Pennaylvania is secured against ye Cruelties of ye Savages; at ye same timo we see ye power of our Mother Country to bo such that ahe awea, invadea and terrifies yo Coasts of Franco, ruins her Settlements in Africa, wliither she has sent a Squadron to secure them to ouraolvea, and that she has sent out a Strong Squad ron and a considerable Number of I^and forces to reduce some of the Islands belonging to ye French in ye West Indies. We know not yet where this Storm is to fall nor have we yet ony cortoin Acccunt of ye arrival of our fleet ot Borbodooa. It in true by our publick pupera, which come down to yo 7tli of November, things go not so well with ua and our Ally, ye King of Prussia in Ger many. Should Franco again master ye Electorote, they may. oa aome think, hove more thou on equivalent in their lionda, werewith to purchase such a peace os moy be ogroooble to them; while othera think no Foreign Intereat will binder England from availing horself of ye advontagoB alio hna, and moy reop by her Superiority at APPENDIX. 243 Sea and in America. This is a point which I leave to time to clear up. Your Mama and I join in our prayers to God to bless you. Be regular and virtuous; and by being so, secure to yourself peace and happiness here and hereafter. I am, dear Charley, Your Affectionate Father, Charles Caeuoll." Letteb V. THE SAME to THE SAME. Augst. 13th; 1759. Deur Chnrlie, On ye lat of July General Prideoux with 2,000 men ond 700 Indiana left Oswego to ottock Niagara: Colonel Holdimon being left at Oswego was attacked ye 5th by 1,500 Regulars and Canadiane and 250 Indians; ye 0th they renewed their Attock from seven in ye morning until nine when they retired, having no Cannon, and our men, being entrenched, treated them very roughly ; wo hod 1200. We hod thirteen private men wounded, six killed, Captain Sowers, ye Engineer, and a Lieutenant wounded. On ye 6th Prideaux landed within five miles of Niogoro undiscovered; and on ye 22d. or 23d, he waa attacked by a party of French and Indians in hia Trenchee. Ye Enemy were repulsed with great Loas and pursued five miles: as we had nigh 1000 Indians in - Fumily Papers of Mr, Charles Mactavish, 244 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. ye purauit — ^ye Slaughter muat be great. We took aeveral Officera mostly wounded. Upon this Sir Wm. Johnson, (who succeeded Prideuiix in Command, Pri deaux being killed by ye bursting of o Cohorn) aent to ye Commondont of 3fiagara to acquaint him with ye Defeat and to Summon him to aurrender, which he did after one of his Officers had seen ye French Officers taken in ye Action. They were seventeen iu number — among thom Mr. D'Aubry, Chief in Command, Lignery 2d. Muriii, Villo, Ropcntino, Mnrtini, Buscnl, ull Cup- tains. The Garrison of Niagara cuusiated of 007 private men, beridea Officera and their wivea — oil prisoners when ye place capitulated, which wus on ye 24:th of July. By ye Peiiiiaylvonia Gazette of ye Otii luat, we ore informed that ye French had abandoned lat ye linea before Ticonderoga. Ticonderoga and Crown Point they attempted to blow up, but their mines did not fully succeed. General Wolfe is before Quebeck witb six teen [ ?] men besieging and bombarding it. If ho suc ceeds (and he certainly will, if Amherst joina him, who aooma to hove nothing to atop him, Ticonderoga ond Crown Point being abandoned) all Canada ia ours; for ye remote Poata muat foil of Courao. AVhile we ore in ye higheat Tranaporta of Joy ye poor Acodion prisoners ninoiig ua ore quite desponding and dejected; they ore lielpleBs, and people tired of supporting them so long by Charity; for my port they hove coat mo os much, or more, than ye 2800 Livres you ore likoly to be cheated of. My Compliments to Mr. De L'lale Dieu, ond lot him know thia; — I ahould not mention it but I am pro voked at ye injustice done you. AU ye . . . ore well; ynur Mama and I, in particular, are so, and doily pray to APPENDIX. 5J46 God to grant* you health and every other blessing; we present you our most sincere and tender love. I am Dear Charley Your Affectionate Father Chables Cabboll. P.S. My sincere ComplimentB to Mr. Crookshanks, and all your other Friends.** Letteb VI. Dec. 22. 1765. Our aaaembly broke up yeaterday diacontented and differing about Mr. Roaa's claim as clerk of ye council, which has prevented ye passing of ye journal. These disputes are a heavy charge to ye province, and, under its present situation, will occasion a particular loss. Never was ye want of money more severely felt. To remedy this evil, there was a scheme on foot, which I believe would have taken place, if ye Journal had passed, to circulate paper Bills of credit in dollars, and aliquot parts of a dollar, ye exchange to be fixed at 4/6 sterling, ye dollar passing at 7/6 Currency. With this omittance the debt which amounts to £50000 and some odd pounds, was to be paid off; and, therefore, ye sum intended to be emitted was to be limited to £50000. At ye expiration of 10 years these Bills were to be dis charged by ye money in ye Bnnk, and in ye loan office, to be invested in stock, and those sums with the accumu lated interest at ye end of that term would satisfy ye said omittance and leave a pretty considerable Balance * Funiily Papers of Mr. Charles Mactavish, 246 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. in our favour after all charges paid. It waa propoaed by the author, or authors, of this scheme — for aeveral claim that honour, that o duty of 12 ponce o hogshead, and 2 pence on every gallon of rum, ahould be iinpoaed to iucrooae the fund. With these odditionol dutiea it waa computed that at ye end of 10 years, when ye £50000 was to be poid off', there would remain no less ii sum thon £07000 Sterling to be applied, as ye Legialo- tiiro ahould think proper.' . , , Letter VII. ClIAULES Ci.KllOLL (II-' CAKUOLI.TON TU IIIS DAUdllTDK, MRS, CATON, July lOth, 1813. My dear Mory, Kitty, who goca thia oveiiing to Baltimore, will in form you thot I am well; thia fine cool weather agrees with me, and ia favourable to getting in the borveat; we now, however, ore much in wont of roin, and tho oata and corn ore Buffering from the drought. I hope Jockaon will turn out to bo o good manager; Brooklond wuoda, if woll cultivated ought to yield u revenue of 6000. I believe, hitherto, it has not netted one thousand dollars. I suppose you will be in Baltimore this evening to Attend to-morrow the baptism of General Wirlot's little girl. Present my respects to him and to hia lady. Monro's labours had to prove that the orders in Coun cil were not revoked in consequence of the French de cree of 21 April 181 1. Admitting that that decree was 'Family Papers of Mr, Carroll Mactavish, APPENDIX, 247 not the sole cause, which induced the British Govern ment to revoke the Orders of CouncU, yet as those orders were the principal alleged cause of the declara tion of war against Great Britain, as they were repealed, this Government, if really desirous of peace, ought to have embraced the opportunity of negotiating with Eng land. The majority of Congress I have no doubt wiU approve the President's conduct, for by so doing, they approve their own; yet no dispassionate person, ac quainted with the subject of the Secretary's report can agree with the opinion of that majority. I am informed by a note from Doctor Thomas that intelligence has been received that the British are ascending the Potomack with a strong land force, it is said, of 6,000 men. I do not believe they have half that number of land troops; however the attempt on Wash ington may occasion Congress to adjourn without pass ing the tax bills, a measure, I suspect, that wUl not be displeasing to either party in that body. I have written to Mr. Caton, in answer to his letter of the 11th; mine was dated yesterday, and is inclosed in my letter to Neilson which I have given to Kitty; it also covers one for your brother. Give my love to your daughters. I suppose Mr. Caton returned yester day from Cape Sable and that matters are going on well there. If the English frigates roinain in our Bay, and the winter should be long and severe', the price of wood will probably be high. God bless you, my dear child. I am your affectionate father Chables Cabboll of Cabbollton.* ¦ Family Papers (if Air. Cnrroll Mactavish, 248 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. Letteb VIII. MBS. BYABD to UEB COUSIN, MBB. MACTAVISH. Wilmington — ^May 19th. I received yesterday, my dearest Emily, your kind letter; and scarcely know how to thank you, as I ought, for this proof of your affection. It hos relieved my mind of a weight of care which has long pressed heavily upon me. — I must beg you to say to dear grandpapa how much I feel this act of kindness towards my child, and offer him my heartfelt thanks. You ask if we would truat you with the superintendence of her — I should be only too happy to place her under your care with the full powers of a Mother. — For equally with yourself I deprecate that species of false indulgence, which looks no further than the present gratification of the child. And as regards all essential kindness, there is no other being I should feel greater dependence on. For you are not guided by impulse, but principle. — But it is not in words I can convey my full sense of your goodness, and the entire confidence I place in you, for assuming thia charge iu addition to your own corea. — From your account of Miss Marcilly, I think, she would have equal advantages as regards instructions as at the convent, and infinitely greater, being under your eye. Mr. Bayard is, at present, in Marylond, but as soon as he returns, I will write ogoin and let you know. He will, I am sure, be delighted now to give Mary those advan tages which she could not hove ot a little village school. She is smart and troctoble and, at the some time, so offectionote thot I am sure you will love her. APPENDIX. 249 I was grieved to hear your little Mary and the baby had been ill; but I trust the worst is over now. Those little things struggle through so much. — Remember me kindly to Mactavish; and my best love to your Mother and dear grandpapa. — ^I would write to him, but know ing how bad his sight is, I depute you, dearest Emily, to aoy for me oil thot you know, I feel for his kiadnoss. — I hove written this hasty page because I would not woit for Mr. B's return, to thank you for this most im portant kindness to Your ever offectionote Cousin Mary S. Bayakd.^ Letteb IX. BICHABD BYABD, ESQ., TO OHABLES OABBOLL OF CABBOLLTON. PhUodelphio March 30th. 1829. Dear Sir, I received, on my return from Maryland, your letter of the 22d. inst. relating to the one addressed by you to the President. I muat return you my thanks for the kind interest, you take in the subject. I am satisfied that you have been misinformed os to the estoblishment of Committees of recommendation in the principal cities. None auch exiats in Wilmington and none auch ia known to exiat here. — I would suggest therefore the propriety of ascertaining whether your letter has been actually received. I would suggest that its receipt might be ascertained * Family Papers of Mr. Carroll Mactavish. 260 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. without awkwardness through Mra. Decatur, who having been so good as to express an interest in the subject, could, as if intending to introduce a subject which she \vished to recommend, enquire incidentally whether such a letter had been received. — This communication with Mrs. Decatur can take place through Mrs. Mactav ish and I have no doubt that these ladies, with the tact which belongs to their sex, and peculiarly to themselves, will be able to ascertain the desired fact. .......... You will permit me, my dear Sir, to say in conclusion, that if the President is not disposed to concede the ap pointment to your wishes and recommendation, I shall not have recourse to any other influence. I remain, my dear Sir, with sentiments of the greatest respect and regard. Yours RiOHABD H Byabd. ERRATUM. The date Hue of the letter on page 79 should read \Annapoli* Instead of London. TALt UNIVERSITY L ^'^ ":^^ tm- ilV' i- s f *" f . i' l' / If, •"JJffA H-j^ i' I 1 j4/ f