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BETWEEN THE YEARS 1777 AND 1789.

A HISTORY OF THE "TEST LAWS" OF PENNSYLVANIA.

THOMPSON WESTCOTT.

PHILADELPHIA:
JOHN CAMPBELL
MDCCCLXV.

No. 7v"M
Edition of 250 Copies,
Of which 75 copies are in quarto, and 25 copies
in folio.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by
JOHN CAMPBELL,
in the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania.

Co Xjo

HENRT B. ASHMEAD, PRINTER.

HISTOEY

TEST LAWS" OF PENNSYLYANIA.

A HISTORY

"TEST LAWS" AND LAWS CONCEENING "OATHS
OF ALLEGIANCE " IN FOECE IN PENNSYLVANIA
BETWEEN JUNE 13, 1777, AND MAECH 13, 1789.

The breaking out of the American Eevolution found the
British Colonies in North America under the domination of
laws, customs and opinions, which exercised a strong influ
ence upon the mass of the people, and which even had their
effect upon those patriots who were most sanguine in oppo
sition to the measures of the British government. However
eager they might have been in the assertion of their independ
ent principles, and whatsoever their sympathies in favor of
reform, they had to submit in a degree to ancient habits, which,
with inveterate mannerism, controlled radical aspirations.
Pennsylvania, which was one of'the most important of the colo
nies, was under the dominancy of a religious sect which had
been at all times opposed to wars and fighting; its meetings
had borne frequent testimony upon those subjects, and the
sincerity of its members could not be doubted. Added to
these conscientious convictions were their political opinions
and their interests. They were generally men of substance
2

VI TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and property, who took delight in thrift, and were never so
well satisfied as when they were increasing their wealth.
They could not anticipate in the agitations of war anything
else but a derangement of society, a diversion of the indus
try of the country from settled modes, violence, destruction
of property, heavy taxation, and an enormous debt. Their
religion and their interests therefore rendered them friends
of the royal government, and, in consequence of their unwil
lingness to take part with the popular party, the reins of
power which they had steadily held in Pennsylvania for
ninety-four years slipped from their grasp. New men arose
to hold the offices of State, and the political power of the
Society of Friends in the Colony and State was so thoroughly
broken that from that time its members have ceased to be
politicians, in the ordinary meaning of that word.
With the Quakers, there were joined on the side of the
opponents of the American Eevolution native and British
born sympathizers with the royal cause, who, with all others
of the same manner of thinking, received the party name of
"Tories." These men formed a very powerful minority in
Pennsylvania, which, however, in consequence of the passive
principles of non-resistance entertained by the Society of
Friends, gave but little trouble in comparison to what might
have been done had the members of the latter been disposed
to meddle in public affairs, and to have gone to the lengths
which were sought to be reached by their more active and
virulent Tory associates. The element of dissatisfaction
was, nevertheless, strong, and occasionally very determined
measures were necessary in dealing with it.
Until after the Declaration of Independence, and the in-

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. vii
stitution of a new State government, the Assembly of the
Province of Pennsylvania occupied somewhat of a subordinate
position. There was a general distrust of its members. They
were elected under the Eoyal Government, and their enthu
siasm in the patriot cause was not extravagant. It is true
that they voted permission to defend the Province, and au
thorized the raising of troops, but they merely sanctioned
what had already been done, which they could not prevent,
and the command of the soldiers was in the hands of city and
county committees elected by citizens. These committees
were generally composed of unflinching Whigs, and their
activity, patriotism aud just dealing are conspicuous in the
annals of the times. They would allow of no measures hostile
to the popular cause, and they kept a stiff curb upon the
tongues of Tories, who were inclined to be obstreperous or
violent in their attacks upon the prevailing policy. They
stimulated the raising of troops, prepared the equipments
and supplies, regulated measures for meeting the expenses,
and generally managed the affairs of their respective neigh
borhoods.* * The following humiliating recantations made in 1775 show the severity of these
bodies, and the manner in which they compelled the disaffected to publicly acknowl
edge their errors.
Philadelphia, July 14, 1775. Whereas I have some time past, frequently made
use of rash and imprudent expressions, with respect to the conduct of my fellow-citi
zens, who are now engaged in a noble and patriotic struggle against the arbitrary
measures of the British Ministry, which conduct has justly raised their resentments
against me. I now confess that I have acted extremely wrong in so doing, for which
I am exceedingly sorry, and humbly ask pardon, and forgiveness of the public, and I
do solemnly promise that I will for the future conduct myself in such a manner, as to
avoid giving any offence. And at the same time in justice to myself, must declare
that I am not unfriendly to the present measures pursued by the friends of American
Liberty, but do heartily approve of them, and as tar as in my power will endeavor to
promote them. Amos Wickersham.
Philadelphia, July 17, 1775. Whereas I have spoken disrespectfully of the
General Congress, as well as of these military gentlemen who have associated for the
defence of the Liberties of America. I now take this opportunity of declaring that

V1U TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The first troops raised were volunteers, and they bore the
general title " Associators," from the fact that they had asso
ciated together for general defence. The title was an old
one, and had been used to designate the volunteer citizen
soldiers who had united to defend the Province before the
Eevolution during the British and French wars. These
forces were at times considerable. The Assemblies, under
Quaker influence, having refused to allow their equipment,
they were authorized by the Governors of the Province, act-
my conduct proceeded from the most contracted notions of the British Constitution,
and of the rights of human nature. I am sorry for my guilt, and am ashamed of my
folly. I now believe all assemblies to be legal and constitutional which are framed by
the united suffrages of a free people, and am convinced that no soldiers are so respect
able as those who take up arms in defence of liberty. I believe that Kings are to be
no longer feared or obeyed than while they execute just laws, and that a corrupted
British Ministry with a venal Parliament at their heels are now attempting to reduce
the American Colonies to the lowest degrees of slavery. I most sincerely wish the
counsels of Congress may be always directed with wisdom, and that the arms of
America may always be crowned with success, and I pray that every man in America
who behaves as I have formerly done, may not meet with the lenity which I have ex
perienced, but may be obliged to expiate his crimes in a more ignominious manner.
Mordeoai Levy.
This humiliating recantation was made in the presence of a large concourse of
people, as appears from the following extract from Christopher Marshall's Diary.
" llth July. Stayed at home till near six, took a walk to the College yard to see the
Dutch butcher ask pardon of one of the companies for speaking disrespectfully of their
proceedings." The following was published about a month afterward.
Whereas it has been made to appear by the evidence of several of my fellow-citi
zens that I, John Bergum, have made use of sundry expressions derogatory to the
liberties of this country. I hereby confess myself very much to blame for my behaviour,
and do promise that I will for the future conduct myself as a true friend to America
and assist those of the inhabitants thereof who are now struggling against arbitrary
power, by every means I am capable of, and do freely and without constraint agree
that this declaration be published in the newspapers of this city. As witness my hand.
John Beegum,
Inkeeper, Sign of the Bull's Head, Strawberry Alley.
Jabez Maud Fisher was brought before the people at the Coffee House in April, and
compelled to acknowledge who was the author of a letter to him from Duck Creek,
reflecting on the popular sentiment. Jabez was allowed to go with some reluctance,
after giving the name of Eobert Halliday, of Duck Creek, as writer of the letter. A
day or two afterward, Thomas Loosley, shoemaker, at the same place was "exalted as
a spectacle," and compelled to beg pardon for having villified Congress.

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. IX
ing under instructions from the Penn family, which, after the
decease of its illustrious member, William Penn, had turned
aside from Quakerdom -and returned to the Church of Eng
land. During the greater portion of the term of the -Revo
lutionary War, the Associators, with the local committees,
and the committees which administered the government of
the State had great influence in county affairs, and shaped
them very much to their own liking.*
* The following are some notable evidences of the control which was maintained
over the disaffected. In Committee, March 1, 1776.
Herr Juncken of this City having voluntarily sent to this Committee the following
letter which is voted a proper acknowledgement of his own, Ordered that the same be
published in all the papers English and German in and near this city.
T. Matlack, Sec. Pro Tern.
Gentlemen : — Whereas I have been charged before you of being inimical to the
noble struggle for liberty in general as well as to the Association in particular : and
whereas there may have words dropped in conversation which may be construed as
tending to discourage those which otherwise would have associated, the which was
never my intention to do. And whereas I value liberty as dear as life, and am sen
sible that I shall reap a proportionable benefit in the success of this our noble struggle
for the same, my interest and that of the public being inseparably connected. And
whereas I am sorry for any unguarded word which may have dropped from my
mouth and which may convey even the most distant sense of being mimicably dis
posed to this our noble struggle, being also deeply concerned for the displeasure of the
public in general as well as my respected fellow-citizens in particular, for whom I
nave nothing but good will at heart and with whom I wish to live in peace, harmony
and friendship : therefore to appease their minds, and to convince the public in general
that this my declaration is sincere, and that I am not insensible of the duty of my
country, I do hereby of my own free will and accord and without any persuasion,
threat or compulsion whatever ask their pardon for any offence by me to them or any
of them given. My future conduct will and shall prove that I am equally with them
engaged in the same good cause, and that I am determined (as I have always been) to
stand or fall with them in this our noble struggle for libertt.
To the Gentlemen of the Committee of Inspection.
To the Committee of Inspection and Observation of the City and Liberties of Philadelphia.
Philada., April 2, 1776.
Gentlemen : — I am very sorry that I have exceeded the limits prescribed by you
for the price of coffee. Had I apprehended that advancing one penny per pound
more than you had fixed, would have been considered as injurious to the public wel
fare I should not have demanded it. As I have thereby given offence, I take this
method of acknowledging my error and to declare that for the future I will avoid
every occasion of uneasiness to my fellow-citizens. Should you think it necessary to

X TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The Society of Friends maintained its hostility to the prin
ciples of the Revolution by the promulgation of opinions in
which its members, by a non-resistant policy, were quite as
powerful as by open opposition. It was a long time before
the leading men of this sect could perceive that power had
departed from the crown forever. As late as January 20,
1776, the yearly meeting of the Society of Friends assembled
at Philadelphia, issued "the ancient testimony and principles
of the people, called Quakers, renewed with respect to the
King's government, and touching the commotions now pre
vailing in these and other parts of America, addressed to the
people in general." In that address, among other sentiments
unfriendly to the cause of American liberty appeared the fol
lowing language.
" The benefits, advantages and favours we have experienced
by our dependence upon the connection with the King's Gov
ernment, under wliich we have enjoyed this happy state, appear
to demand from us the greatest circumspection, care, and con
stant endeavours to guard against every attempt to alter or
publish what is past on this subject, I request you will at the same time let this
acknowledgment accompany it, and you will thereby oblige
Gentlemen, your most humble servant, William Sitgreaves.
To ihe Committee of Inspection and Observation of the City and Liberties of Philadelphia.
Gentlemen: — The mistake which I have committed in having bought and sold
two barrels of coffee, at a price higher than limited by you, gives me extreme pain.
Had I adverted to the fatal consequences of such conduct, the regard I have for the
public welfare and the interest I have taken in the present struggle for liberty, would
have wholly prevented my having any share in so destructive a measure. I now
voluntarily offer to the public through the Committee my sincere acknowledgment for
this error, and declare the utmost readiness to acquiesce in any measure that may
assure the public of my exact conformity in future, to such regulations as this Com
mittee may judge to be for the public benefit — being fully satisfied of their unbiassed
attention to the public good. If this Committee should judge it necessary, to publish
my case to the world, I shall hold myself extremely obliged if they shall judge it
proper, to suffer this declaration and acknowledgment to appear at the same time and
order it accordingly. Peter Ozeas.
Philadelphia, April 2, [1776.]

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XI
subvert that dependence and connection. ***** May we
therefore firmly unite in the abhorrence of all such writings
and measures, as evidence a desire and a design to break off the
happy connection we have hitherto enjoyed with the Kingdom
of Great Britain, and our just and necessary subordination to
the King and those lawfully placed in authority under him."*
* The sentiments of this testimony were more thoroughly illustrated in the follow
ing composition, which was not published until Philadelphia was occupied by the
British army. AMEFJCAN LIBERTY EXPLAINED.
AS UNDERSTOOD IN PHILADELPHIA IN THE SPRING OF THE TEAR 1776.
By Philadelphus Tranquillius.
What is Congressional liberty ?
To violate the public tranquillity.
What is Conventional liberty ?
To overturn the Constitution.
What is Committorial liberty ?
To destroy the laws.
What is Presbyterian liberty ?
To persecute the Quakers and all others in their power who differ in opinion from
the Presbyterians.
What is the general liberty of the Colonies, which are now under the dominion of
Congress ?
Extreme anarchy, or the worst of tyranny.
Behold, 0 land of boasted liberty,
The state to which thy sons 'have hurried thee.
Thy Patriots banished and thy Charters torn,
Thy cities languish, and thy sages mourn.
By thy own hands this misery is brought,
By thy own hands are all these evils wrought.
By thy own hands thy sons untimely slain,
Thy freedom lost, shaft thou lament in vain,
Nor less Sylvania, these thy acts declare,
Who can remember thee without a tear.
Policy, too wise, for savage minds to choose,
Freedom, too great, for wicked hands to use.
A State more happy never known before,
By thy own parracide are now no more.*
Remotest nations shall astonished hear,
What hellish rage could operate so far.
Succeeding ages shall with wonder read,
And late posterity shall curse the deed.
* The unhappy catastrophe in the State of Pennsylvania appears to have been
plainly predicted by the founder of the Province, W. Penn, who, in a letter to one

Xll TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The most active friends of liberty were the Associators.
They were dissatisfied with 'the proceedings of the Assembly.
On the 14th of June, 1776, they addressed a strong remon
strance to that body. They averred that it was notorious
that many members of the House were opposed to military
defence. There were representatives among them, who, since
the beginning of the opposition to Great Britain, had refused
to concur in proper measures for the safety of the people.
The Assembly had never prepared any obligation to bind its
own members to the popular cause. They still put at the
head of their proceedings, "John Penn, Governor," and
seemed to sympathize with the old system. They had shown
so little interest in the resistance to ministerial tyranny, as
to put a fine of 3s. 6d. per day on non-Associators for every
day of neglect to attend muster, and that, too, in so lax a
manner that it was doubtful whether the penalties could ever
be collected. The members had been elected by those who
acknowledged King George. They were not to be trusted
with the appointment of Generals to command the Associ
ators, lest they would give them such "as would enable a
certain party to make up with the enemy at the expense of
our lives and liberties." The Assembly received this chiding
in meekness; it was powerless to resist insult, and what in
calmer times would have been high breach of privilege, was
submitted to. The Associators of Philadelphia carried out
their measures of defiance by issuing circulars to all the
of his friends, respecting it, has the following remarkable expressions, viz: "to con
clude it is now in Priends hands. Thro' my travail, faith and patience it came.
If Friends here keep to God, and in the justice, mercy, equity and fear of the Lord,
their enemies will be their footstools. If not their heirs and my heirs too, will loose
all, and desolation will follow." — Penn's Life and Works.

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Xlll
Associators in the State, inviting a meeting of delegates at
Lancaster on the 4th of July, to choose two Brigadier-generals.
Fifty-three battalions participated in that Convention, and
they elected Daniel Roberdeau and James Ewing, Generals.
Congress had, in May, [1776], upon motion of John Adams,
recommended that where no "State Government existed suf
ficient for the exigencies of affairs, that such form of govern
ment should be adopted, as in the opinion of the majority of
the people would best conduce to the happiness and safety of
their constituents in .particular, and America in general."
The preamble to this resolution declared that it was "irre
concilable to reason and good conscience that the American
people should take the oaths for the support of government
under the crown of Great Britain," and that it was "neces
sary that every kind of authority under the crown should be
suppressed." A struggle at once commenced as to the man
ner in which the new government should be authorized in
Pennsylvania. The Tories and Moderates argued that the
Assembly was a sufficient government, and that no other
was needed. The Whigs insisted that a conference should
be held for the adoption of a State Constitution. The Com
mittee of Inspection of the City and Liberties boldly attacked
the authority of "the Justices of his Majesty, George Ill's
Court of Quarter Sessions, and Common Pleas," stating the
resolution of Congress against oaths of allegiance and in favor
of the suppression of royal governments, "and asking the
Justices to surcease the exercise of any authority in the
present Courts, and until a new government is framed." The
obligation of a Grand Juror they said "is incompatible with
the opposition to the King and to the resolves of Congress."
3

XIV TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The Associators of Philadelphia, in five battalions, resolved
to sustain the measures for the suppression of the old govern
ment. The Committee of Inspection sent out messengers into
the counties to stir up their committees on this subject, and
the result was that a conference of these committees met at
Carpenter's Hall on the 18th of June, and elected Thomas
McKean, President, Joseph Hart, Vice President, and Jonathan
B. Smith and Samuel Cadwalader Morris, Secretaries. It was
voted that it was necessary to call a Provincial Convention to
form a new government, on the authority of the people only.
It was also resolved, that no person elected to serve as a
member of the Convention should take his seat or give his
vote until he should have made and subscribed the following
declaration : -, do profess faith in God the Father and in

Jesus Christ his Eternal Son, the true God, and in the Holy
Spirit one God blessed evermore, and do acknowledge the
sacred Scriptures of the Old and New Testament to be given
by Divine inspiration.
This religious test was not well received in some quarters,
and gave rise to considerable dissatisfaction.
The Convention met on the 15th of July, and during its
session it not only discussed and perfected the measures neces
sary in the adoption of a constitution, but assumed the supreme
authority in the State, and legislated upon matters foreign to
the object for which it was convened. Benjamin Franklin
was the President, George Ross, Vice President, John Morris,
Secretary, and Jacob Garrigues, Assistant Secretary. Among
other matters this body appointed a Council of Safety, to
carry on the Executive duties of the Government, approved

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XV
of the Declaration of Independence, and appointed Justices
of the Peace, who were required before assuming their func
tions to each take an oath of renunciation of the authority of
George III., and one of allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania.
The old Assembly, which had adjourned on the 14th of June,
to meet on the 14th of August, could not obtain a quorum,
and adjourned again to the 23d of September. It then inter
posed a feeble remonstrance against the invasion of its pre
rogatives by the Convention, but it was a dying protest.
The Declaration of Independence had given the old State
Government a mortal blow, and it soon expired without a
sigh — thus ending forever the proprietary and royal authority
in Pennsylvania.
The Convention adopted a Constitution on the 28th of Sep
tember, which immediately went into operation. It provided
for a single Assembly, without a Senate, and the Executive
power was reposed in the Supreme Executive Council of
twelve members. Members of the Assembly before taking
their seats were obliged to take an oath or affirmation to
support the Constitution, and to act faithfully, and to sub
scribe a declaration of a belief in one God the Creator and
Governor of the Universe, the rewarder of the good and the
punisher of the wicked, and that the Scriptures of the Old
and New Testament were given by divine inspiration.
An objection to the test prescribed for members of the
Convention was, that it compelled a recognition of the
Christian religion; an objection to this, test for members of
the Assembly was that it did not. The persons who were
dissatisfied with the new obligation, objected, that "a, belief
in Jesus 'Christ was not required, which would admit pro-

XVI TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
fessed Deists, Jews, Mohammedans, and other enemies of
Christ into the Assembly, and whether there is not in fact a
firmer establishment for anti-Christ, and all damnable errors,
than the Quebec bill, for Popery, let the world judge."
The Quakers still remained stubborn, notwithstanding the
Declaration of Independence and. the accession of the new
State Government. On the 20th of December, they issued a
new " testimony of Friends in Pennsylvania and New Jersey,"
in which, among other things, they urged a patient spirit,
"that we may with Christian firmness and fortitude with
stand and refuse to submit to the arbitrary injunctions and
ordinances of men who assume to themselves the power of
compelling others, either in person or by other assistance to
aid in carrying on war, and of prescribing modes of religions,
and laws concerning our religious principles, by imposing
tests not warranted by the precepts of Christ, or the laws of
the happy Constitution under which we and others long enjoyed
tranquillity and peace."
Political disputes were renewed in the succeeding year,
[1777], but not with the virulence which was manifested imme
diately after the adoption of the Constitution. The members
of the State Navy Board, appointed by the Supreme Execu
tive Council in March, refused to take the oath of allegiance
to the State, but declared themselves willing to take the oath
of allegiance to the United States. The. Council was unde
cided what to do, and no action being taken the recusants
remained in their offices.
It was now time to make some better arrangements for
defence and providing for the service of troops than had yet
been authorized in the State. The Association had been
tried, and was found not to be reliable. The men being

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XVII
volunteers, and not being even bound by law of the State,
followed their own desires in serving or withdrawing from duty
when called upon. The Pennsylvania Associators, when sent
to Amboy in the summer of 1776, had been tried, and,
although they were not in action, their strength was con
tinually depressed by withdrawals of the men, who went
home. At the battle of Princeton, the only Association Com
pany which distinguished itself was the City Troop, which,
notwithstanding its strength at home, furnished only twenty-
six officers and men, at a time of great peril. The Country
Associators after this battle deserted in full bodies, leaving
only their officers, and in one case spoken of by General
Putnam, "only a lieutenant and a lame man." A more
stringent system was needed, and this necessity was provided
for by the Legislature in a general militia law, which was
passed June 13, 1777. This act made full provisions for the
enrolment of persons fit for military duty, in districts, each
containing enough citizens to form a battalion of not less than
640 men, nor more than 680 men. They were to be com
manded by enrolling officers, who were to be sub-lieutenants
for the districts, and by lieutenants for each county. There
were many details in the law which need not be specified
here. But, in addition to the military regulations laid down
in this act, there were other provisions of importance to every
citizen. These related to the establishment of a test and
oath of allegiance, being the first instance in which a test
oath had been demanded except of public officers. The
measure was considered necessary, to restrain the insolence
of the Tories, and the Assembly combined the objects of de
fending the State against foreign and domestic enemies in

xviii TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the same law. The preamble which introduced the sections
concerning the oath of allegiance was in the following words :
Whereas, from sordid or mercenary motives, or other
causes inconsistent with the happiness of a free and inde
pendent people, sundry persons have, or may yet be induced
to withhold their service and allegiance from the Common
wealth of Pennsylvania as a free and independent State, as
declared by Congress :
And whereas, sundry other persons in their several capa
cities, have at the risk of their lives and fortunes, or both,
rendered great and eminent services in defence and support
of the said independence, and may yet continue to do the
same, and as both these sorts of persons remain at this time
mixed, and in some measure undistinguished from each
other, and the disaffected deriving undeserved service from
the faithful and well affected; and whereas, allegiance and
protection are reciprocal, and those who will not bear the
former are not nor ought to be entitled to the benefits of the
latter. Therefore it is enacted, etc., that all white male inhabit
ants of the State, except of the counties of Bedford and West
moreland, above the age of eighteen years, shall before the
1st day of the ensuing July and in the excepted counties
before the 1st day of August, take and subscribe before some
Justice of the Peace an oath in the following form :
I,  , do swear or affirm, that I renounce and
refuse all allegiance to George the Third, King of Great
Britain, his heirs and successors : and that I will be faithful
and bear true allegiance to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
as a free and independent State, and that I will not at any
time do or cause to be done any matter or thing that will be
prejudicial or injurious to the freedom and independence
thereof, as declared by Congress; and also, that I will dis
cover and make known to some one Justice of the Peace of
said State all treasons or traitorous conspiracies which I now
know or hereafter shall know to be formed against this or any
of the United States of America.

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XIX
This law which compelled those who took the oath of alle
giance to forswear allegiance to the King of Great Britain,
and to swear fidelity to Pennsylvania and the United States,
was rendered more unpalatable to many persons by the clause
compelling the citizen to reveal treasons or conspiracies of
which he might have had a present knowledge, or of which
he should know thereafter. It compelled him to be faithful
himself, and to be an informer against others who were dis
loyal. It was therefore highly objectionable to many worthy
people, who would have been willing to qualify themselves as
to what had past, but were unwilling to bind themselves by
oath to pursue any policy in the future which might compel
them to either denounce some dear friend or struggle in con
science against the self-accusation that they had committed
perjury. It was a very severe law, and the Legislature by
additional sections added to its stringency. Whoever ne
glected or refused to take the oath were declared to be inca
pable of holding office, of serving on juries, of suing for debts,
of electing or being elected, of buying, selling or transferring
real estate, and they were liable to be disarmed by the lieu
tenant of the county. Without possession of certificates that
they had taken the oath they were liable to be arrested
as spies, if they traveled out of the city or county of their,
residence. A fine of £50 and a whipping was also menaced
against every one who should forge a certificate that the oath
had been taken by any person.
It was under this act that the oath was taken by the persons
whose names occur in the body of this book. The record was
lately discovered, and it is a valuable curiosity. Some of the
names will be recognized as historical, while in other cases

XX TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
they will be of interest to some descendant who is well versed
in the genealogy of his family.
After the passage of this act, the true Whigs flocked to the
offices of the magistrates and took the oath, but the disaf
fected held out and still uttered their complaints against
public measures. A committee of the meeting of Friends for
the Northern District complained that leaden weights used
for hanging windows were taken from them, and blankets
were seized for the use of the soldiers. Their windows were
broken, "because they would not join with the present rulers
in pretended acts of devotion and conforming to tlieir ordi
nances, make a show of that sort by shutting up our houses
and shops professedly to observe a day of humiliation and to
crave a blessing on their public proceedings, but evidently
tending to spread the spirit of strife and untruth." Abuses
also and destruction took place "when Friends could not illu
minate their houses, and conform to such vain practices and
outward marks of rejoicing to commemorate the time of these
people withdrawing themselves from all subjection to the
English Government and to our excellent constitution under
which we long enjoyed peace and prosperity."
The continued obstinacy of the Quakers, and of the Tories
generally, was borne with patience until near the time when
the events of the military campaign were threatening Phila
delphia. Measures were then taken to make examples of
some of the more prominent men. Congress, early in Sep
tember, 1777, upon some information, which, in the cool
examination of a later day will not be found to have justified
the measure, ordered the arrest of eleven of the principal
members of the Society of Friends in Philadelphia, viz:

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXI
Joshua Fisher, Abel James, James Pemberton, Henry Drinker,
Israel Pemberton, John Pemberton, John James, Samuel
Pleasants, Thomas Wharton, Senr., Thomas Fisher, (son of
Joshua,) and Samuel Fisher, (son of Joshua,) with all papers
of a political nature in their possession, and the records and
papers of the Meetings for Sufferings of the people, called
Quakers. The Supreme Executive Council of the State added
to the list the names of prominent Tories, some of whom were
not Quakers, viz: Miers Fisher, lawyer, (son of Joshua,)
Elijah Brown, Hugh Roberts, George Roberts, Joseph Fox,
(formerly Barrack Master of the Province,) John Hunt, law
yer, (the father of Leigh Hunt,) Samuel Emlen, Jr., Adam
Kuhn, M.D., Phineas Bond, Rev. William Smith, D.D., (Pro
vost of the College,) Rev. Thomas Coombe, Eector of Christ
Church, Samuel Shoemaker, Charles Jervis,. William Drewett
Smith, Charles Eddy, Thomas Pike, (dancing-master,) Owen
Jones, Jr., Jeremiah Warder, William Lennot, David Len
nox, Edward Pennington, Caleb Emlen, William Smith,
(broker,) Samuel Murdock, Alexander Stedman, Charles
Stedman, Jr., Thomas Asheton, (merchant,) William Imlay,
Thomas Gilpin, Samuel Jackson, Thomas Afflick, and John
Pemberton. Of these forty-two gentlemen, two, John James
and Samuel Jackson, were not found. One of them, Caleb
Emlen, took the oath of allegiance to the State, and was
released. Dr. Adam Kuhn produced evidence that he had
taken the oath of allegiance to the United States on the 2d
of June. A few of these persons were ordered to be arrested
at once, but the majority were given the privilege of confin
ing themselves to their dwelling-houses, if they would refrain
from doing anythirig injurious to the United States, and from
4

XXU TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
giving intelligence to the commander of the British forces.
Several of them would not comply with this request, and
twenty-nine of the number were therefore arrested and con
fined in the Mason's Lodge, in Lodge Alley, west of Second
street. After they had been there two days, they in the
meanwhile being assiduous in their petitions for a hearing,
which they demanded as a right, they were proffered their
liberty upon taking the following oath :
I,  , do swear (or affirm) that I will be faithful
and bear due allegiance to the Commonwealth of Pennsyl
vania as an independent State.
This privilege was not generally accepted. William Imlay
was released upon his parole to go to New York. Eev.
Thomas Coombe was permitted to go to Virginia and thence
to St. Eustatia, but twenty-one of the prisoners were sent to
Virginia, where they remained under banishment for more
than seven months.
The proceedings against these Tories were hurried, in con
sequence of the approach of the British army to Philadelphia,
and during the subsequent occupation of the city there was
little done by the State authorities in reference to the dis
loyal. It was a period of excitement and peril, and to a cer
tain degree the functions of civil government were suspended.
After the occupation of Philadelphia the Assembly met in
Lancaster. In January, 1778, an act was passed suspending
the powers of the Trustees of the College and Academy at Phil
adelphia for a limited time, by which all the franchises of the
charter were taken away. In March, an act was passed "for
the attainder of divers traitors if they render not themselves
by a certain day, and for vesting their estates in the Common-

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXU1
wealth and for ascertaining and satisfying the lawful debts and
claims thereon." By this act Joseph Galloway and Andrew
Allen, late members of Congress, John Allen, late member of
the Committee of Inspection and Observation, William Allen
the younger, late a Captain and Lieutenant-colonel of a regi
ment of foot in the service of the United States of America,
James Eankin, of York county, Jacob Duche the younger, late
Chaplain of Congress, Gilbert Hicks, of Bucks county, Samuel
Shoemaker, late Alderman of Philadelphia, John Potts, of
Philadelphia county, Nathaniel Vernon, late Sheriff of
Chester, Christian Fouts, late Lieutenant-colonel, Lancaster,
Eeynold Keen, of Berks, John Biddle, of Berks, late Excise
Collector of said county and Deputy Quartermaster of the
United States Army, who had adhered to the King of Great
Britain, were required to render themselves on or before the
20th of April to the Justices of the Supreme Court, or to
any Justice of the Peace, to abide their trials for high treason.
All other persons who had aided or adhered to the enemy,
and who did not surrender on or before the same time were
declared to be liable to attainder. The act gave to the
Supreme Executive Council authority to confiscate the estates
of traitors, to compel persons who were indebted to them to
pay the amounts due into the treasury of the Commonwealth,
and to pay honest debts due by the traitors to loyal men
before the forfeiture of their property.
The attainder law was followed on the 1st of April by an
act "for the better security of Government, which extended
until June 1, the time for taking the oaths of allegiance to
the State by all who had not subscribed that declaration."
This statute specified that "all Trustees, Provosts, Eectors,

xxiv TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Professors, masters and tutors of any college or academy, and
all schoolmasters and ushers, merchants and traders, and
every person who shall act as sergeant at law, barrister,
advocate, attorney, solicitor, proctor, clerk, or notary, apothe
cary or druggist, and every person practicing Physic or Sur
gery, for fee or reward," should not be allowed to act in
those capacities unless they took the oath of allegiance. Any
one who acted without taking such oath, was liable to a
fine of £500. Justices of the Peace were authorized to sum
mon persons who had neglected to take the oath and fine
them £10, or commit them to prison for three months. Every
person who would not take the oath was liable to have all
firearms in his possession seized and confiscated. Persons
who went into Philadelphia while it was in possession of
the British without license from the Supreme Executive
Council, were liable to be fined £50 each, with imprisonment,
at the discretion of the Court. Persons who held office under
the late Provincial Government, who did not renounce the
same before the 1st of June, forfeited all their lands and
tenements. On the 25th of February, Abraham Gibbons, William
Jackson, Jr., Jacob Lindley, Warner Mifflin, Joseph Hus
band and James Jackson, members of the Society of Friends,
asked leave to lay before the Assembly then sitting at Lan
caster, their sufferings under various acts of Assembly. They
were ordered to be admitted to the bar of the House, but
before they were allowed to speak, answers were required
from them to the following questions :
1st. Whether do you acknowledge the present Assembly
as the representatives of the people of the State, chosen for
the purposes of legislation?

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXV
2d. Whether the people are not bound in obedience to
the laws made by the Assembly agreeably to the Consti
tution? The deputation, surprised at these questions, declared that
they had not come prepared to answer them, and asked leave
to withdraw.
The next day they made the following reply :
1st. We do believe the present Assembly to be the repre
sentatives of a body of the people of Pennsylvania, chosen for
the purposes of legislation.
2d. We believe it to be our duty to obey the principles of
grace and truth in our hearts, which is the fulfilment of all
laws established in justice and righteousness. Where any
decrees are made not having their foundation therein they
operate against the virtuous and give liberty to the licentious,
and unavoidably bring on general calamity. Although we
think ourselves in duty bound to a testimony against all un
righteousness, yet it hath ever been our principle and prac
tice, actively or passively, to submit to whatever power in
the course of Providence we may live under.
The House resolved that the answers were "evasive and
unsatisfactory," but it was agreed that the Quakers might
petition in writing. They did so three days afterward, and
asked that such of their members as were exiled to Virginia
in 1777 might be released. At the same time they declared
that the law requiring citizens of the State to give assurances
of their allegiance to the same "infringed upon the liberty
of conscience."
The persons who had been sent to Virginia were considered
as prisoners of the United States and. not of Pennsylvania,
although the Government of the latter arrested them and sent
them away. In January, the Supreme Executive Council

XXVI TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
had called the attention of Congress to their condition, and
recommended their release. In March, Congress passed a
resolution that they be delivered to the State. In April, the
Supreme Executive Council ordered that they should be
brought to Pennsylvania and set at liberty. Fifteen of them
were brought back and were discharged. On the 30th of
April, Thomas Gilpin and John Hunt died in exile.
On the 9th of September, [1778,] a supplement to the act "for
the better security of Government ' ' was passed, which extended
the privilege of taking the oath of allegiance to persons who
had been prisoners with the enemy at the time of the original
passage of the law, and also to soldiers and sailors who had been
in the service of the State, allowing them three months after
that date or after they should come into the State. In De
cember, a further supplement was passed, which gave to any
one a right to take the oath of allegiance at any time. James
Young, Plunket Fleeson, George Ord and Isaac Howell, were
appointed Commissioners for the City of Philadelphia to
receive the affidavits under the law, and John Moor, Jona
than B. Smith, David Knox, Seth Quee and John Eichards
were appointed the same officers for the county. In conse
quence of the passage of this act, the Supreme Executive
Council issued a proclamation pardoning all persons who
were confined in prison, "convicted of pertinaciously refusing
to take ihe several oaths or affirmations of allegiance to the
State." The evacuation of Philadelphia by the British, the re-occu
pation by the American army and the exciting events which
followed, were intensified by bitter threats against the Tories,
which kept that class quiet as long as the storm raged. The

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXV11
Quakers, however, went on in their accustomed habits, and,
notwithstanding the apparent changes in the aspect of the
contest with Great Britain, refused to take notice of them.
At one of their religious meetings, held 4th of llth month,
1779, in the testimony which was signed by Isaac Zane,
Clerk, they complained of injurious laws, oppressive in their
nature and manner of execution, and affecting them in their
liberties and privileges. They particularly mentioned a fur
ther supplement to the test laws passed in the previous session.
They said, after reference to their tenets, "by the same divine
principles, we are restrained from complying with injunctions
and requisitions made on us of tests, and declarations of fidelity
to either party who are engaged in actual war, lest we con
tradict by our conduct the profession of our faith."
A memorial setting forth these views and complaining of
various personal hardships endured by the members of the
Society of Friends was presented to the Assembly at the
next session [1780]. It was referred to a committee, who,
before making a report, addressed the following queries to
members of the Society :
First. Do you acknowledge the Supreme Legislative power
of the State rightfully vested in the present House of Repre
sentatives met in Assembly?
Secondly. Do you acknowledge the Supreme Executive
Power of the State to be lawfully and rightfully vested in
the present President and Council?
Thirdly. Do you acknowledge and agree that the same
obedience and respect is due to these bodies, respectively,
that you formerly paid and acknowledged to the Governor
and Assembly, respectively, while Pennsylvania was depend
ant upon Great Britain ?
Fourthly. Are you willing and do you agree to render

XXVIII TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
them the same respect and obedience you rendered the
Governor and Assembly of Pennsylvania before the present
war between Great Britain and America?
Fifthly. Do you consider yourselves as now living under
the laws of this State, with regard to your personal liberty
and property?
Sixthly. Do you admit it to be the right of the Governed
to resist the Governors, where the powers of the Government
are used to the oppression and destruction of the Governed?
Seventhly. Do you or do you not deem the laws passed by
the King and Parliament of Great Britain for taxing this
country, prohibiting its trade, sending its inhabitants to
Great Britain for trial, oppressive and destructive to the
people of America?
If you suppose the Continental money to be issued for the
purposes of war, and therefore decline paying taxes for sink
ing it, or otherwise supporting its credit, you are desired to
explain how you discriminate between the application of it to
civil government or military purposes. And, also, why you
distinguish this species of money from the emissions of paper
money heretofore made by the then Province, in which civiL
and military purposes are blended precisely in the same
manner. And as you are specially associated together, though not
incorporated in law, and issue public letters and recommend
ations and promulgate opinions, not only on religious but on
political subjects, or at least uniting them together, you are
requested to communicate the letters and testimonies which
have been published from time to time for seven years past,
and signed by the clerks of your General and Quarterly
Meetings in this city, to be sent to other meetings, or to
persons of your Society.
The reply of the Committee of Quakers, signed Isaac
Zane, Jr., was not responsive to these queries in a direct
way. It was suggested that "a weighty and impartial at-

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXIX
ten tion " to the memorial first submitted by them would show
the equity and justice of their cause. After a reference to
the objects for which their religious meetings were instituted,
it was declared that the queries proposed to them in a reli
gious capacity were "improper, and a mode of redressing
grievances new and unprecedented, and such an inquisition
on a religious society" as had never been known or heard of
in America. General declarations of the ideas of the Society
upon the duty of government, to promote virtue, and protect
the innocent from oppression followed. The principles of the
Society against war were referred to. The duty of the Society
to promote the testimony of peace was declared to be a great
obligation. These requirements it was averred prevented
Friends from taking part in the present contest, "or joining
with any measures which tend to create or promote disturb
ance or commotion in the Government." The reply was no
answer whatever to any of the queries submitted, and it justi
fied the assertion of the Committee of the Assembly that the
answer was "couched in language so incomprehensible" that
it could be considered only "as an evasion of the questions
proposed." The Committee, therefore, determined that any
further consideration of the subject was improper, and nothing
more was done with it.
Thus matters ran on during the whole period of the war
and after the negotiation of peace. The law requiring the
oath of allegiance remained upon the statute book, and no
effort of the Quakers, notwithstanding their numbers and in
fluence, was of avail to produce any change. The popular
mind was inflamed against the Tories for many years after
the end of the war, and some angry manifestations were
5

XXX TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
made against them in Philadelphia after the ratification of
peace. The preliminary treaty with Great Britain contained
a provision in relation to the Loyalists, guaranteeing to them
a right to go to any part of the United States, and remain
there for twelve months; and another, that there should be
no future confiscations or prosecutions for the part they had
taken in the war. To the ultra Whigs these stipulations
were very unpalatable and they determined to resist them.
The militia first took up the subject. At a meeting held at
the State House, May 29, 1783, of which Lieut. Col. John
Shee was Chairman, the following resolutions were passed :
Resolved 1st, That it is the opinion of this meeting that
such persons as have joined the enemy or have been expelled
from this or any other of the United States ought not. to be
suffered to return or remain among us. And, as officers of
the City and Liberties of Philadelphia, we are determined to
use all the means in our power that they shall not.
Resolved 2dly, That to attain this salutary end, we will
cheerfully join with others of the community in instructions
to our representatives in the Assembly.
Resolved Zdly, That persons harboring or entertaining
those enemies of their country ought to feel the highest dis
pleasure of the citizens of this City and Liberties.
Resolved Adhly, That it is the opinion of this Company that
a town meeting be called as soon as possible to take into con
sideration the mode of instructing representatives and such
other measures as may appear necessary, and that a com
mittee be appointed to prepare for carrying this resolve into
execution. In conformance with the latter recommendation, a general
meeting of citizens was held at the State House June 14th.
Col. Samuel Miles was appointed Chairman, and Lieut. Col.

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXXI
John Shee, Secretary. The following resolutions were agreed
upon: 1st, That we consider it as inconsistent with the interest
and dignity of the good people of this State, that any person
who hath voluntarily withdrawn himself from this or any of
the United States of America since the 19th of April, 1775,
and hath joined the armies, or aided and abetted the measures
employed by the King of Great Britain against this country,
or who hath been legally attainted or expelled by this or any
of the United States should be suffered to return to or reside
within the State of Pennsylvania.
2d, That we consider it our duty as citizens and indi
viduals to prevent any such persons returning into the State,
and we do solemnly determine and mutually pledge ourselves
to each other to use all the means in our power to expel with
infamy such persons who have or hereafter, shall presume to
come among us, and that the names of such persons be pub
lished in the newspapers of this city by the committee ap
pointed to carry these resolves into execution.
Sd, That we consider the restoration of the estates forfeited
by law as incompatible with the peace, the safety, and the
dignity of this Commonwealth.
4th, That the dignity and interest of this State require
that funds be provided for the payment and discharge of the
public debt.
A committee was appointed by this meeting, which con
sisted of the field officers and captains of the militia of the
City and Liberties. This body met at the City Tavern, and
adopted a resolution giving ten days' notice to all persons
coming within the description of the resolutions of the town
meeting to quit the State, or that they would "be dealt with
in a proper manner." A few days afterward they had before
them Captain Thomas Eawlings, who was ordered to leave

XXxii TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the State by nine o'clock on the following morning. Captain
Joseph Crathorne and Thomas Plunket received a peremptory
notice to depart also within a specified time. And Thomas
Faro, Lancelot Faro, James Mitchell, Lawrence Fenner and
Thomas Young were also warned off. The authority of the
committee to act in this manner was attacked by various
writers as being contrary to the treaty with Great Britain,
but the committee was too strongly backed up by public
opinion to be compelled to pay any attention to those remon
strances. On the 23d of December, [1783,] the Eabbi, Ger Seixas, of
the Jewish Synagogue, in Philadelphia, Simon Nathan, the
Parnass, or President, Asher Myers, Bernard Gratz, and
Haym Salomon, the Mohammed, or Associates of the Council,
in behalf of themselves and brethren, addressed the Council
of Censors in relation to the declaration required to be taken
by each member of the Assembly, which affirmed that "the
Scriptures of the Old and New Testament were given by
divine inspiration;" and, also, in relation to that part of the
Constitution wliich declared that no other religious test
should be required of any civil magistrate in the State.
They represented that these provisions deprived them of the
right of ever becoming representatives. They did not covet
office, they said, but they thought the provision improper
and an injustice to the members of a persuasion that had
always been attached to the American cause, and given a
support to the country, some in the Continental army, some
in the militia, and some by cheerfully paying taxes and cheer
fully sustaining the popular cause. This memorial appeared
to have no immediate effect, but it doubtless had its influence

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXX111
in procuring the subsequent modification of the test clause
in the Constitution.
In March, [1784,] a petition to abolish the "test laws,"
as the laws in relation to the oath of allegiance were
popularly called, was laid on the table in the Assembly
by a vote of 37 yeas to 27 nays. A resolution was then
offered declaring that the happy time had come to heal the
divisions among the people, and that unanimity and harmony
could not exist at a time when one part of the people were
deprived of certain benefits which others enjoyed, and that
a committee ought to be appointed to revise the law and
report one more adapted to the present times. This was lost
by a vote of 5 yeas to 50 nays. On the question to postpone
all further consideration of the subject of the test laws the
vote was 30 to 30, and the Speaker gave his casting vote in
the affirmative.
A resolution was offered to the Assembly in September,
stating that a large number of young men had arrived at the
age of eighteen years since the passage of the test laws, who
had not taken the oaths of allegiance, and were consequently
deprived of interest in and attachment to the State. It was
contended in this resolution that all persons should have
equal rights, and the proposition concluded with a direction
that a committee should be appointed to consider the subject,
and, if necessary, to report a law that persons who were
under the age of eighteen at the passage of the test laws
should be entitled "to the blessings of liberty and citizen
ship." This was followed by a petition from the Non-jurors
for admission to the rights of citizenship. These petitions
were referred to a committee by a vote of 31 yeas to 22 nays.

XXXIV TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
In the debate which followed, a resolution was offered "that
no person who voluntarily joined the British army during
the war, or who had been tried or convicted of having aided
or abetted the King of Great Britain, his Generals, fleets or
armies, having before been a citizen of the United States,
shall be capable to elect or be elected into any office of profit
or trust." This was carried by a vote of 46 yeas to 4 nays.
It was then proposed that a bill should be brought in to alter
the test laws so as to entitle all male white inhabitants who
had not theretofore taken the oath of allegiance to take the
oath according to the directions of the act of 13th of June,
1777, and be thereby entitled to be free citizens: Provided,
that no person should be capable of holding any office until
he had taken and subscribed the oath directed by the act of
5th December, 1778. On this proposition the vote was, on
the 25th of September, [1784,] 29 yeas to 22 nays.
This result caused a very great excitement, not only in the
Assembly but among the people, and led to a scene of vio
lence unparalleled in the history of the State. On the 28th
of September, a motion to take up the bill entitled "A further
supplement to the Test Laws" was followed by a vote of 25
yeas to 25 nays. The Speaker, George Gray, gave his cast
ing vote in the affirmative. Upon this nineteen members
arose in great confusion, and left the Assembly without a
quorum. There could be no formal adjournment, and the
session was thus suddenly and violently closed. The seceders
published an address, in which they averred that attempts
were made to press the bill through, in despite of the rules
and without the usual formalities. They also declared that
those who refused to participate in the toils and sufferings of

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXXV
the contest with Great Britain should not be permitted to
participate in the benefits of the late Eevolution. If, through
motives of timidity, avarice, or attachment to the cause of
British tyranny they refused to enrol their names in the
honorable list of patriots in the season of danger, they ought
not to be allowed to grasp the fruits of a prosperity to which
they did not contribute. If they were admitted to citizen
ship, "the elections might be carried in the favor of men who
execrate the alliance between the United States and his most
Christian Majesty, and who still cherish the hope of a reunion
with Great Britain." The seceders also objected to the pas
sage of the bill restoring the charter of the College, which
they looked upon as a precursor of a law to restore the here
ditary rights of the Penn family. The latter had by a tem
perate memorial signed by John Penn, Senr., and John Penn,
Junior, and Eichard Penn, by his attorney, Tench Francis,
asked that the Legislature would conform to natural equity,
as far as might be, and that they would not heedlessly de
prive them of rights which had existed since the foundation
of Pennsylvania. The friends of the amendment to the test
laws, by the representation of George Gray, the Speaker of
the House, published an address censuring the seceders, and
declaring that the measure for the relief of the Non-jurors
was necessary, in consequence of the coming of age of many
persons who were unable to subscribe the test act of 1779.
They said, "the good people injured by this law are not only
numerous but wealthy. They have paid their full proportion
of the expense of the war either directly or indirectly, and
the great majority of them have been uniformly peaceable
and inoffensive during every stage of the Eevolution. Why,

XXXVI TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
then, should we oppress them any longer ? Eestore them to
the rights of citizenship and they will embrace and support
your government." They quoted the provision of the test
act, that no person who had joined the army of the British
King or who had been tried and convicted of aiding or abet
ting the King of Great Britain should be eligible to office,
and this provision they insisted was a sufficient protection
against any abuse of the privileges granted by an extension
of the test act. It was estimated during the controversy
that by the law of 1779, nearly one-half of the inhabitants of
Pennsylvania were deprived of the privileges of citizens.
At the election held in Philadelphia in October, this ques
tion entered into the canvass — the ticket for the Assembly
headed by Charles Pettit in the City, and William Coats in
the County, who were opposed to the Non-jurors was success
ful. Pettit had 1,024 votes and Thomas Fitzsimons 781.
In the County, Coats had 520 votes and Samuel Ashmead
375. The contest was renewed before the Legislature in 1785,
by petitions from the Non-jurors and by movements made by
the friends of the repeal. General Anthony Wayne took
advantage of the presentation of petitions by the persons
deprived of their rights under those laws, to introduce a reso
lution to revise or repeal the test laws. The resolution which
he offered recited that the principal objection at the previous
session to the revision of the test laws was, that such action
had not been asked by the persons whom the laws operated
upon. This objection the resolution declared was removed
by petitions lately presented by the Non-jurors themselves.
The expediency of continuing those laws was now obviated

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXXV11
by the peace, it was contended. General Wayne's resolution
therefore directed the appointment of a committee to consider
the matter. On the adoption of this preamble the vote was
14 yeas to 39 nays ; but, on motion" to appoint a committee
to take the petitions into consideration, it was resolved that
the measure should be sanctioned. The committee thus ap
pointed brought in a very bitter report against the Non
jurors. They said:
It does not appear from any of the petitions who the sub
scribers are, whether aliens, attainted persons, Non-jurors or
disaffected to the Government, but we are in the most charit
able construction led to believe that they are the men who,
on the 13th day of June, 1777, were required by a positive
law of the State (then at open war together with the rest of
the United States of America against the King of Great
Britain, for the defence of life, liberty and every thing most
valuable in the world), to renounce their former allegiance
to the said King, and to give assurance on oath or affirm
ation of their allegiance and fidelity to this Commonwealth,
under the penalty of forfeiting some of the privileges of citi
zens, that they refused to comply with this reasonable and
necessary requisition, and voluntarily submitted to the pen
alty. ***** What the motives of these men were for
refusing to give this satisfaction to their countrymen they
have not told us. Nor will we positively say, but are con
strained to believe that they were owing either to their being
professed British subjects or enemies to liberty and the rights
of mankind, or cowards, that meanly skulked to screen them
selves and their property in the hour of difficulty and danger
from the savage cruelties of the British army, while their
country was suffering under their depredations. Can such
men expect to enjoy all the privileges and advantages arising
from our late glorious revolution equally with those heroes,
patriots and virtuous persons, who, (next to God,) procured
6

XXXV111 TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
them at every hazard of life and fortune, not only without
their assistance, but against their efforts or at least their in
clinations ? Yes ; they say they expect it, and that they have
a right to free citizenship by the Constitution. These peti
tioners had no share in the Declaration of Independence, in
the formation of our Constitution, or in establishing them
by arms. They were not of the people on whose authority
only the great structure was erected. It cannot be supposed
that any society would, without great caution, receive per
sons as members whose wishes and endeavors have been to
destroy it.
After further arguments the Committee reported that "the
Government had an inherent and unquestionable right to
exact a test of allegiance fromi all persons in the State," and
that "it would be impolitic and dangerous to admit persons
who had been inimical to the sovereignty and independence .
of the State, to have a common participation in the Govern
ment so soon after the war." This report was adopted by a
vote of 42 yeas to 15 nays.
When the new Assembly met in November, the Non-jurors
again presented petitions for the repeal of the test law. So
severely did this law operate upon certain districts that the
number of freemen who were entitled to all the privileges of
citizenship were not sufficient to administer the local govern
ment. The freeholders of Byberry, in November, sent a
petition to the Assembly, stating that there were only three
freemen among all the freeholders in the township. They
had not enough to fill the offices, in consequence of which
assessors and collectors, etc., had been sent to them from
other townships, some of whom were unknown to them and
rapacious, having seized their property and distressed them

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. XXXIX
much. At that time both the collectors for Byberry were
residents of another township.
The new Executive Council of the State, of which Benjamin
Franklin was President, on the llth of November, recom
mended a revision of the test laws in accordance with the
change made in the circumstances under which the State
was placed by the peace. The subject was again referred to
a committee by the Assembly. Being equally divided, this
committee was discharged and a new one appointed, which,
reporting favorably, was ordered to bring in a bill. The
manner in which this committee discharged its duty was
by presenting the draft of "an act securing to this Com
monwealth the fidelity and allegiance of the subjects thereof
and for admitting certain persons to the rights of citizen
ship." The bill was before the Assembly in March, 1786.
It proposed to extend to persons who had not yet taken the
oath of allegiance the privilege of doing so. By the terms
of the obligation, it was required that the affiant should re
nounce fidelity to King George the Third of Great Britain,
and bear true allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania. Fur
thermore, that he would not thereafter "do any thing injuri
ous to freedom, that he should declare that he had not, since
the independence of the United States, voluntarily joined,
abetted, aided or assisted the King of Great Britain, his
Generals, fleets or armies while employed against the United
States." Eobert Morris moved to strike out words describ
ing this oath to be one of abjuration, but the motion was lost.
He also moved to strike out the declaration that the person
taking the oath had never assisted the King, his Generals,
fleets or armies, but with no better success. The bill was

xl TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA,
passed nearly in the form in which it was reported on the
5th of March, by a vote of 45 yeas to 43 nays.
The terms of this act gave but little satisfaction to the
Non-jurors. At the next session, in February, 1787, citizens
of Chester county remonstrated to the House against that por
tion of the act of 1786, which required an abjuration and a
declaration that the affiant had not "joined, aided or abetted
the King of Great Britain, his Generals, fleets and armies."
There was still a bitter feeling against the Non-jurors, but it
was evident that it was breaking down under the influence
of time and reflection. For the first time since the passage
of the law requiring an oath of allegiance, a committee of the
Legislature reported against the general policy of the Non
juror Act, or more properly against the necessity of continu
ing its provisions under a condition of affairs entirely different
from those which existed during the struggle of the Eevolu
tion. The Committee of the Assembly reported in favor of
a repeal of the requirements of the law which were supposed
to be the most burdensome. It recommended an abrogation
of the oath, and the substitution of a simple declaration of
allegiance to the Commonwealth.
"An act to alter the test of allegiance to this Common
wealth, required by the Act of March 4, 1786," was after
ward passed. But even this liberality was unsatisfactory
to the Quakers. They generally refused to make the decla
ration required by the law. In July, two Quakers summoned
on the Grand Jury of the County of Philadelphia were found
to be disqualified, in consequence of not having made the
declaration or affirmation of allegiance. Chief Justice McKean,
who was on the Bench, decided that it was their duty to have

TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA. xii
subscribed the declaration; that their neglect to do so having
disqualified them,, they were in the same condition as if they
had wilfully declined to serve. He therefore fined them £6
each as defaulting jurors, and ordered them to be committed
to prison until the fine was paid. Norris Jones, one of them,
refused to pay, and he was committed. The conduct of
McKean was warmly attacked in the newspapers as being
arbitrary. Jones remained in prison some days, but was
released. It was averred that he did not pay the fine.
The succeeding year passed without any strong demon
stration against the law of 1787, but the progress of time had
softened the hearts of men, and taught them that many fears
previously entertained were groundless.
The people of the State were now ready for the repeal of the
regulations requiring tests and declarations of allegiance, and
the opposition to their abrogation had died away. A com
mittee appointed by the Assembly advocated the repeal of
the law of 1787 in strong terms. In its report, it was said :
That however proper it may have been during the late
war, when, by the division of a powerful nation it became
necessary for individuals to make a solemn declaration of
their attachment to one or the other of the contending par
ties, to your committee it appears that in times of peace and
of well established government they are not only useless but
highly pernicious, by disqualifying a large body of the people
from exercising many necessary offices and throwing the
whole burthen thereof on others, and also by alienating the
affections of tender though, perhaps, mistaken minds, from a
Government which by its invidious distinctions they are led
to consider as hostile to their peace and happiness.
The Committee, therefore, recommended a repeal of all test

xiii TEST LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
laws. In accordance a bill was passed on the 13th of March,
1789, to repeal all laws requiring any oath or affirmation of
allegiance "from the inhabitants of the State." Persons
disfranchised by former laws were restored to citizenship.
Foreigners only were required to take an oath of allegiance
upon assuming the privileges of citizens. The names of the
latter were to be registered by the Eecorders of Deeds.
The adoption of the new Constitution of the State of Penn
sylvania, in 1790, disposed of the obnoxious religious test
which yet remained in the Constitution of 1776. It also re
leased many conscientious persons from the obligation of the
oath that they would "not do or say any thing directly
or indirectly that would be injurious or prejudicial to the
Constitution as established by the Convention." There was
thenceforth no State oath of allegiance, except where the
same was administered to public officers, and to all such obli
gations there were added a pledge to support and defend the
Constitution of the United States. The test laws of Pennsyl
vania had passed away with the occasion that gave rise to
them, and in the progress of time the angry passions engen
dered by the Eevolutionary war were mellowed down and
forgotten under the softening influence of Peace.

FIRST BOOK.

We whose names are hereunto Subscribed Po solemnly and
sincerely Peclare and Swear, (or affirm,) That the State
of Pensilvania is and of right ought to be a free Sovereign
and Independent State — and I do forever renounce all
Allegiance, Subjection and Obedience to the King or Crown
of Great Britain, and I do further swear (or solemnly,
sincerely and truely declare and affirm) that I never have
since the declaration of Independence, directly or Indi
rectly aided, assisted, abetted or in any wise countenanced
the King of Great Britain, his Generals, fleets or armies;
or their adherents in their claims upon these United
States, and that I have ever since the declaration cf the
Independence thereof demeaned myself as a faiihfull
citizen and subject of this or some one of the United
States, and that I will at all times maintain and sup
port the freedom, sovereignty and Independence thereof.
1778.
Deer. 11, Henry Schwalbah.
12, Benjamin Loxly, Junr., late a prisoner in Europe.
14, David Jones, Farmer.
15, John Crowden (his mark), of Philada., Labourer.
John Weyant.
16, John Stone.
Adam Hubley, of Philada., Mercht.
Jacob Harman, of Philada., Mercht. Affirmed.
James McGill (his mark), do. Labourer.

( 2 )
1778.
Deer. 18, John Nixon, }
J. M. Nesbitt, V Auditors of Accounts.
Benj. Fuller, J
Bartholomew Moore, Mariner, lately in the State
fleet.
19, Abraham Levering, Eoxborough. Affirmed.
Jacob Gilbert, Junr.
Jacob Gilbert, the elder.
Caspar Sauder.
21, Michael Orner, Labourer.
Andrew Brand, Grocer.
Leonard Kromer, Northern Liberties.
Everhart Geiss (his mark), Northern Liberties.
John Eighter, Eoxborough.
22, Benjamin Paschall, Esq. Affirmed.
Eobert Jewell. Affirmed.
Charles Bower, sworn Dec. 24th.
Joseph Eeed, President of the Executive Council.
George Bryan, Vice President.
Joseph Hart,
John Macky,
Matthew Smith,
James Eead,
Jacob Arndt,
Thomas Scott,
Timothy Matlack, Secy, of the Council. Affirmed.
25, Daniel Eighter, Eoxborough.
Michael Eighter, do.
John Eighter, do.
James Horner, of Philada., Sadler.

Members of the Supreme Ex
ecutive Council.

( 3 )
1778.
Deer. 27, Joseph Stretch, of Philada., Mercht. Affirmed.
Samuel Langdale, do. do. do.
George Chandler, of. do. Escort. do.
William Matlack, do. Watchmaker, do.
28, Andrew Doz, Philada., Gent.
30, Jacob Conrad, Jr. (his mark), Lower Merrion.
1779.
Jan. 1, Frederick Seegez, Shopkeeper.
Samuel Lyon, Commissary.
James Dunlap, Philada., Physician.
2, Peter Crispin, Eoxbury.
JohnTibin,Jr., do.
Joseph Leaman (his mark), do.
Michael Smith (his mark), Merrion. Farmer.
William Kidd, Schoolmaster.
4, Philip Eumble (his mark), Labourer.
Michael Metzinger (his mark), Weaver.
5, Nicholas Jacobs, Cordwainer.
William Lawrence, Hatter. Affirmed.
Philip Truckenmiller, Taylor.
Jonathan Draper, Cordwainer.
John Gardner, do.
Martin Benner (his mark).
Peter Sutter, Hatter.
George Attkinson, Ship Captain.
Adam Myrtelus, Blacksmith.
Jacob Eringer, of Philada., Hosier.
Miles Hillborn, Mercht. Affirmed.
Andrew Tybout, Hatter.
Levy Marks, Taylor.

( 4 )
1779.
Jan. 5, Barnaby Dempsey (his mark), Labourer.
9, John Fry (his mark), of Abbendon.
James Claypoole Esq., High-Sheriff.
John Keble, Clark.
Richard Saltar, Shipwright.
Thomas Vaughan, do.
Nathaniel Green, do.
Lewis Hazlewanger (his mark), do.
Conrad Lutz, do.
John McKim.
13, Jacob Graff, Philada.
Jacob Becher, Lancaster Co.
John Andrews (his mark), Philada., Waterman.
14, Andrew Mervine (his mark), Cooper.
Benjamin Leavering (his mark), Cordwainer.
16, John Kelly, Asst. Bar. Masr., who also took the
oath of office.
18, Edward Keran, of Philada., Scrivener.
21, John Weaver, late in the American Military
service.
26, Joseph Shriver, of Philada., Butcher.
28, John Amos, Lower Merrion, Shoemaker.
Jacob Amos (his mark), Eoxborough.
29, Christopher Baker.
30, Thomas McDowell, of Philada., Soapboiler.
Feb. 3, Joseph Sellers, Kingsessing. Affirmed.
4, William Hollinshead Esq.
William Albrecht, Philada., Barber.
Wendell Kingsfield, Lower Merrion.
10, William Cochran, L. Merrion.

( 5 )
1779.
Feb. 10, James Christy (his mark), of Bucks, on the publick
service.
13, George Fisher (his mark), Eoxbury.
Joseph Price, Carpenter. Affirmed.
16, John Bell, Shoemaker. Affirmed.
17, Philip Syng, Gentleman.
18, George Ross Esq., Judge of Admiralty.
20, James Russell, of Lower Merrion.
23, William Dunton, late a prisoner.
John Daniel, late of Bucks Co.
24, John Conner, in the publick service.
27, Thomas Cannan, Breeches maker.
Joseph Kendall, Physitian. Affirmed.
Michael Shubart Esq., Member of Assembly.
Johann Conrad Brown, of Philada., Cordwainer.
March 1, William Fullerton, Lower Merrion, Taylor.
9, Philip Roth, of Philada., Musitian.
Benjamin Gorgas, Roxborough.
John Gorgas, do.
10, Jacob Sharp, in the publick service.
Andrew Sharp (his mark), in the publick service.
Samuel Baker, Kensington, Shipwright.
11, Frederick Hitner, of Philada., Tanner.
12, John Lodge, of Passiunk.
_ 'I Mariners of the State of Mas-
JOSEPH DURLING, >
T a „ I sachusetts.
John Smith, J
13, Jacob Amos, of Roxborough, Philada. Co.
Jacob Fisler, of Merrion.
John Holegit, of Roxborough. Affirmed.

belonging to the Company
of Artificers.

( 6 )
1779.
March 13, Andrew Damm, of Philada., Dealer.
John Vestard (his mark), of Philada., Brickmaker.
Peter David Hansil (his mark), of Kingsessing.
19, John Rouking, of Philada.
20, Lazarus Pine Esq., of Philada., Capt. of Militia.
24, Andrew Fite, of Roxborough.
26, William Watkins,
Jonathan Paul,
William Davies,
Philip Reffert,
James McCotter,
Leonard Egen,
Jacob Albright,
Robert Irwin,
David Paul,
John George Fox Senr., do.
John Harraway, do.
27, Thomas Bourne, of Philada., Gentleman.
John Bigony (his mark), of Roxborough, Hosier.
David Rittenhouse Esq., State Treasurer.
Cornelius Houlgate, of Roxborough. Affirmed.
Joseph Bigony, do.
Matthew Holeget, do. Affirmed.
Joseph Sturgis, do. do.
Jacob Lutch (his mark), Lower Merrion, Cord
wainer.
29, Peter Taylor, of Philada, Carpenter.
Jacob Conrod (his mark), of Lower Merrion.
Thomas Nevell, \
Jacob Schreiner, > Street Commissioners.
John McCulloh, )

( 7 )
1779.
March 29, George Dunhower (his mark), Kingsessing.
Christopher Elliott, do. Affirmed.
John Fajon, of Roxborough.
John Walters, Kingsessing.
Isaac Grant, do.
Robert Rigg, of the Company of Carpenters.
William Rose, do.
30, William Chain, of Philada., Tallow Chandler.
Neels Jonasson, of Kingsessing.
Frederick Holsten, do.
Matthias Holsten, do.
John Matzinger (his mark), do.
31, Jacob Haass, of Philada. Co., of the Co. of Car
penters.
William Fians, Kingsessing.
Israel Morton, do.
Stokely Hossman.
(Hon.) John Hambright, Mem. of Ex. Council.
Reuben Hall, Philada., Carpenter.
Martin Miller, Lower Merrion. Affirmed.
John Goodman, do. do.
Jacob Caster, Oxford.
Henry Katz, Whitemarsh.
Jacob Laughlin,
George Schlosser,
William Rush,
Christian Schneider,
Robert Curry,
William Richards, Asst. Assessor.
William Greenway, Measurer of Grain.

County Assessors.

( 8 )
1779.
March 31, Benjamin Paschall, Kingsessing. Affirmed.
Paul Conner, Roxborough. Affirmed.
Rudolph Latch, Lower Merrion.
Joseph Stiles, Commissary of Mil. Stores. Af
firmed.
George Bell, Darby Township.
Edward Price. Affirmed.
George Morton, Kingsessing.
Abraham Holmes, Darby.
Samuel Taylor, Kingsessing.
Samuel Young, Philada., Carpenter.
George Janus, D. M., Philada.
Robert Towers Junr., Philada., Cutler.
John Henderson, of Philada., Conducr. Mil. Stores.
Christian Beackley, Philada., Supt. Artificers.
David Davies, Comp. Artificers.
Rudolph Sibley (his mark), Lower Merrion.
Peter Holsten, Kingsessing.
Peter Rose, Blockley.
Jacob Rowand, of Philada., Shoemaker.
Henry Shoster, Lower Merrion.
Gunning Bedford, Philada., Carpenter.
George Grotz, of Philada., Breeches Maker.
April 7, (Doctr.) Alvery Hodgson, Surgeon Genl. Hos
pital.
Robt. Wilson, late of New Jersey, now of Philada.,
Mercht.
Jacob Levering, of Roxborough.
13, Henry McGee (his mark), of Philada., Labourer.
14, Josiah Gill, of Philada., Shop Keeper. Affirmed.

( 9 )
1779.
April 24, Seth Willis, of . Philada.
28, Evan Morris, of Philada., Shoemaker.
29, James Davis, of Merrion, Schoolmaster.
May 4, John Dumfield (his mark), a non resident, late of
the Jersey State.
5, John Roberts, of Lower Merrion, Farmer. Af
firmed.
Sebastien Houshold (his mark), a non resident.
7, Andreas Fisher (his mark), of Blockley, Farmer.
10, Thomas Carter, of Philada., Taylor.
13, Thomas Hale, Agent for forfeited estates, who also
took the oath of said office.
15, William McSparran, of Philada., Spinner.
John Horn, of Philada., Spinner.
22, Peter Stout, of Philada., Labourer.
Philip Clauzer (his mark), do. do.
24, Wilhelm Friederich, of Passyunk, Farmer.
25, George Young, of Moyamensing, Farmer.
Hugh Colvin (his mark), late of Chester Co., in
the publick service.
Andrew Lemau, of Philada., Harness Maker.
Conrad Shaller,

Having renounced allegiance
to the English, which they
were constrained to take.

Philip Young,
Heinrich Lentz,
Johannes Ritiger, ,
26, Bastia Venia (his mark).
Joseph Meyer, ) ,, • t?
' . n . > Moyamensing Farmers.
Jacob Keisler (his mark), J
27, (Mr.) P. E. Du Simitiere, of Philada., Gentleman.
Ludwig Taylor, Northern Liberties, Cutter.
B

( io )
1779.
May 27, John Daniel, of Philada.
John Corbright, do.
28, James Sturgis, of Blockley, Weaver.
Henry Gibbons (his mark), of Philada., Labourer.
29, Henry Thiell, of Philada., Blacksmith.
31, John Young, lately residing in the Jersey State.
Wm. Rusk, of Philada., late Butcher.
Andrew Way, of Philada., Taylor.
June 2, Georg Bechtel, of Philada., Labourer.
William Wright, of Philada., Sailmaker.
3, John Malone (his mark), of Philada., Taverner and
Huxter.
9, Valentine Hasig, of Roxbury, Labourer.
12, William Hansell, Philada., Blacksmith.
19, Hugh Mitchell, Clark to Col. Mitchell.
John Murgatroyd, of Philada., Merchant.
23, Henry Hart (his mark), of the City Watch, took
the test in 1777.
George Hart (his mark), of the City Watch, tes
tified in 1777.
Joseph Harvey, late of Bermuda.
William Sloan, of Cranbury, New Jersey.
James Thompson, of Essex Co., New Jersey.
July 8, John Starke, of Philada., Wheelwright. Took the
test to the States in 1777 & was constrained to
Allegiance to the Brittish.
John Brittin, of New Jersey.
30, Saml. Crawford, of Philada., Mariner.
John McCartney, of Philada., Taylor.
Jacob Chrystler, of Philada., Shopkeeper.

( 11 )
1779.
July 30, Edward Young, of Philada., Sadler.
William Metay, of Philada., Sadler.
31, Matthew Folk, do. Skindresser.
Peter Hutman (his mark), of Philada., Chairmaker.
Francis Geisse, of Philada., Silversmith, took the
test in 1777, was constrained to swear to the
Brittish when here.
Ambrose Croker, of Philada.
James Lucas, Adjutant in the Artillery of Artificers.
John Thornhill Junr., of Philada., Shoemaker.
Aug. 2, George Swats, of Philada., Taylor.
Henry Hyneman (his mark), do. do.
John Lippee (his mark), of Passyunk, Labourer.
Christian Chevilier (his mark), do. do.
John Hay, of Philada.
James Steel, of Philada., Gent.
Isaac Course, do. do.
Charles Loardan, took the test in 1777.
Jacob Facundus, of Philada., Blacksmith.
Daniel Morrison (his mark), of Philada., Labourer.
John Copple (his mark), of Passyunk.
John Barclay, do. Mercht.
John Douglass, of Passyunk, Linen Printer.
Peter Smallwood (his mark), Shoemaker.
Jacob Steinmires (his mark), of Philada., Shoe
maker.
John Collins, of Philada., Cooper.
Heinrich Smaltz, do. Joyner.
George Ironring (his mark), do. Labourer.
John Moore, do. Butcher.

1779.

Aug.

( 12 .)
2, Michael Stanley (his mark), of Thilada., Cord
wainer.
Pearce Lewis, do. do.
John Wyant, of Northern Liberties, Labourer.
John Wood (his mark), do. do.
George Apt (his mark), do. Pumpmaker.
James Caruthers, of Philada., Shopkeeper.
Casper Fleisher, do. Skinner.
George Sink, do. Labourer.
George Hiney, of Northern Liberties, Labourer.
Thomas Beck (his mark), City of Philada., Cord
wainer.
Nicholas Hysmmingle, do. Carpenter.
John Ried (his mark), of Northern Liberties, Baker.
Christian Kirkhoff, of Philada., Clark.

Andrew McIntire,

do.

Joyner.

Daniel Shaw,

do.

Carpenter.

George Hess,

do.

Smith.

Richard Guy,

do.
Carpenter.
Robert Leech,
do.
do.
William Griffith (his mark), do.
Labourer.
John Spiegel,
do.
Combmaker
Edward Dickens,
clo.
Painter.
James Rothbottom,
do.
Bricklayer.
John Guy,
do.
Carter.
John Beaks,
do.
¦ Carpenter.
Godfrey Backius,
do.
Hatter.
Richard Hall,
do.
Carpenter.
Abraham Akely (his mark),
do.
Cooper.
Conrad Pigeon,
clo.
Bricklayer.
( 13 )
1779.
Aug. 2, Peter Boyle (his mark), of Philada., Brewer.-
John Deal, do. Labourer.
John Keys, do. Hatter.
Peter Mellenberger (his mark), do. Labourer.
Jonathan Smith, Northern Liberties, Carpenter.
Joseph Smith, Northern Liberties, Saddlemaker.
Josiah Hazleton, Northern Liberties, Smith.
William Thorn, City, Carpenter.
George Till, Northern Liberties, Shipwright.
Michael Shilling (his mark), City, Combmaker.
William Powell, N. Liberties, Sawyer.
Richard Taylor, Southwark, Mariner.
John Armstrong (his mark), City, Labourer.
Henry Perret, City, Soapboiler.
John Parkhill, City, Gunsmith.
James Humphreys (his mark), N. Liberties, Ship
wright.
John Rutherford, of Philada., Currier.
Benjamin Boulter, do. Carpenter.
John Rice, do. Baker.
Nicholas Grim, do. Sawyer.
John Whiteman, do. Taylor.
John Waine (his mark), do. Labourer.
Andrew Isinhoot, N. Liberties, Coppersmith.
Hugh Ferguson, City, Coachman.
Peter Green (his mark), N. Liberties, Currier. -
Isaac Causten, City, Founder.
Frederick Grisler, do. Innholder.
William Lohman, Passiunk, Farmer.
William Budden, Capt., Philada.

( 14 )
1779.
Aug. 2, George Cook, inlisted in the Eegt. of Artificers.
Michael Fox, City, Turner.
John Hoffstedler, City, Cooper.
Jacob Maag, City, Wheelwright.

Samuel Stern,

do.

Carpenter.

John Shafer,

do.

Butcher.

John McNair,

do.

Taylor.

William Miller,

do.

Printer.

George Stow,

do.

Turner.

3, Jacob Bost (his mark), Passiunk, Farmer.
Jacob Smith (his mark), do. do.
George Moser (his mark), Kensington, Smith.
Alexander Barclay (his mark), City, Waggoner.
John Quain, City, at the Laboratory.
5, Jonathan Clay, do. Blacksmith.
George Schneider, do. Farmer.
William Baker (his mark), do. Labourer.
6, John Anderson, do. Taylor.
7, Adam Garrett (his mark), Passiunk, Farmer.
Edward Cartwright, late of Philada., Blacksmith.
9, Henry Savett, of Southwark, Labourer.
10, John McFarlane, of Philada., late of New York,
Mercht.
Jacob Bankson the Elder, of Southwark, Yeoman.
James Tawney, of Philada., Travelling Dealer.
18, Nicholas Miller, of do. Labourer.
19, Carl Blutzer, a Hessian deserter: oath of June
13, 1777.
20, David Crotty, Seaman, lately discharged from the
State Fleet.

( 15 )
1779.
Aug. 20, Johan Umbright, of Philada., Taylor.
Terence Donnelly, of the State of Connecticut.
Michael Muller, of Southwark, Gun Stocker.
Eichard Ludgate (his mark), of Philada., Labourer.
23, James Harris, do. Cordwainer.
30, Solomon Taylor, late of Virginia, Blacksmith.
Sept. 3, Joseph Webb, of Philada., House Carpenter. Af
firmed.
4, David Hansell, of Kingsessing, Farmer.
6, John Miller (his mark), of Philada., Baker. Af
firmed.
Andrew Hodge Junr., do. absent in the
West Indies until November last.
9, Michael Letts (his mark), of Whitemarsh, Farmer.
Eobert Miller, of the N. Liberties, Labourer.
(Capt.) John Lawson, of Philada., Mariner.
11, William Nolbrow, do. Taylor.
13, Eobert Cornish, do. Sailor.
17, John Mills (his mark), of the N. Liberties, Labourer.
18, Arthur Hurry, of Philada., Taylor, now near 19
yrs. of age.
25, George Sneling (his mark), of Philada., Weaver.
29, Charles Logan, do. Mercht.
Affirmed.
30, Jean Louis Eey, late of Geneva, Mercht.
Oct. 4, James Hudson, of Philada., Sadler and Harness
Maker.
William Warner Junr., of Blockley.
7, Walter Hall, of Philada., Merchant.
9, John Solter, of Philada., Baker.

( 16 )
1779.
Oct. 9, Jesse Jones, of Lower Merrion Township, Philada.
co. Affirmed.
11, John Erdman Smith, of Philada., Printer.
Charles Meridith, do. Gentleman.
Algernon Eoberts.
William Jackson, of Philada., Mercht.
12, Eobert Heysham, of do. do.
Charles Stedman, do. Gentleman.
Carpenter Wharton, of Southwark, Mercht.
John Kessler.
John Palmer, of Philada., Tavern keeper.
Peter Light (his mark), Philada., Labourer.
William Collom (his mark), worker in the Armory,
Philada.
lists of the foregoing returned to Flection at State House.

Oct. 13, William Jones, of Philada., Grazier.
George Walker, do. Victualer.
Abraham Sink (his mark), do. Brassfounder.
Peter Eambo, do. Sadler.
14, Joseph Hillborn, do. Mercht. Af
firmed.
Georg David Sickel, do. Butcher.
James Caldwell, of Northern Liberties, Labourer.
Charles Knight, of Philada., Miller.
John Diamond, do. Eopemaker.
James Armstrong, do. Trader.
Daniel Benezet, do. Mercht.
John Bare, do. Hatter.

( 17 )
1779.
Oct. 14, Samuel Penrose, of Philada., Mercht.
15, George Delaney, Darby, Seaman.
16, Thomas Smith (his mark), Philada., do.
John Beck, do. Taylor.
John Weaver, do. do.
Joshua Jones, Lower Dublin, Philada. co., Farmer.
Isaac Wharton, of Philada., Mercht. Affirmed.
Charles Wharton, do. do. do.
Joseph Hibbard, Blockley, Farmer.
Samuel Peters, Philada., Schoolmaster.
John Heffernan, do. do.
John Otenkerken, do. Labourer.
18, John Porter, do. Student in Phisick.
Michael Leib, do. do.
Jacob Frank, do. Silversmith.
Peter Kurtz, do. Tobacconist.
Godfrey Shisler, Passiunk, Farmer.
James Kinnear, of Philada., Mercht.
Peter Footman, do. do.
JonN Grover, Lower Merrion, Farmer.
Heinrich Colflesh,
Mathias Colflesh,
Johannes Walters,
Philip Pritner,
Israel Jones, do. do. Af
firmed.
Thomas Morgan, do. do. Af
firmed.
Robert Bass, Philada., Druggist.
Thomas Greswold, Northern Liberties. do.
c

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do

( 18 )
1779.
Oct. 18, Jonathan Zane, Northern Liberties, Mercht.
John Carns Junr., Darby, Chester Co., Yeoman.
Edward Elliott, Philada., Clark.
Tench Francis, Philada., Gent.
Joseph Palmer, do. Mercht. Affirmed.
James Peale, do. Gentleman.
John Young, Lower Merrion, Gent.
John Steinmetz, Philada., do.
Eleazer Levy, late of New York, Trader.
John Fegal, Northern Liberties, Shopkeeper.
John Williams, Philada., House Carpenter.
19, George Claypoole, of Philada., Cabinet Maker.
Andrew Hamilton, of do. Gentleman.
Edmond Nugent, of do. Breeches maker.
George Forsyth, of do. Innholder.
Thomas Humphreys, Merrion, Philada. Co., Black
smith.

James Carr,

do.

¦ Weaver.

Ludwick Knoll,

do.

Farmer.

Jacob Bare,

do.

do.

John Bare,

clo.

do.

Alexander Soly,

clo.

Cordwainer.

Christian Lawyer, Philada. Co., Labourer.
Conrod Goodman, Merrion, Philada. Co., Weaver.
William E. Godfrey, Capt. Lieut. Artillery.
David Pancoast, Philada., House Carpenter.
John McAlestor, Yorktown, Commissary.
John Fryhoffer, Lower Dublin, Phil. Co., Taylor.
Wollery Fryhoffer, do. Farmer.
George Ratzner, do. do.

( 19 )
1779.
Oct. 19, Joseph Mathias (his mark), Lower Dublin, Farmer.
Jeremiah Lynn, Co. Philada., Shipwright.
Jacob Baker, Co. do. Shopkeeper. Affirmed.
Rees Price, Philada. County, Farmer. Affirmed.
William Dellap, Co. Philada., Trader. Affirmed.
Francis Jones, Philada. County, Gent. Affirmed.
John Llewelyn, Lower Merrion, Weaver, do.

Llewelyn Young,

do.

Farmer. Affirmed.

Henry Pugh,

do.

Weaver. do.

Morriss Llewelyn

, do.

House Carpenter.

Affirmed.

Joseph Lownes, Co.

Philada.

, Silversmith.

David Riddle,

do.

Saddler.

John Darrach,

do.

Saddler.

John Bryan,

clo.

Saddler.

John Corse,

clo.

do.

Isaac Penrose,

clo.

Mercht.

20, James Winter, of Lower Merrion, Farmer.
Benjamin Holland, do. Weaver.
David Zell, do. Farmer. Affirmed.
Caspar Whiteman (his mark), do. Farmer.
Joseph Bedford, Philada., Gentleman.
Peter Bedford, do. do.
Lawrence Powell, do. Baker.
William Tyson, Blockley, Shoemaker. Affirmed.
Matthias Tyson, Darby, Farmer. Affirmed.
William Mackenzie, of Philada., Mercht.
William Jeffery, Northern Liberties, Labourer.
James Delaplaine, Northern Liberties, Taverner.
Jacob Gominger, Germantown, Miller. Affirmed.

( 20 )
1779.
Oct. 20, Stephen Blunt, Philada., Shoemaker.
Isaac Leech, Cheltenham, Tanner.
John Spede, Philada., Baker.
Edmond Fagan, N. Liberties, Cordwainer.
Michael McMullen, Lower Merrion, Farmer.
Samuel Baker, N. Liberties, Ship Carpenter.
Joshua Pearson, Co. Philada., Cordwainer. Affd.
Willia.m Follwell, Philada., Taylor. Affd.
Hugh Knox, of Philada. County, Farmer.
Leonard Kessler, of Philada., Joyner.
Robert Bell, do. Printer.
Thomas Carradine, do. late from Mary
land, Mercht.
George Clackner, of Kingsessing, Taylor.
Joseph Ledra, of Philada., Bricklayer.
John Lohra, do. now 18 years of age.
Retailer.
Robert Chain, made proof that he in March 1778,
took the oath to the States before Genl. Green
and now before me.
25, Jacob Tren (his mark), of Passiunk, made oath that
he in the year 1777 before Justice Young, took the
Oath of Allegiance and the foregoing this day.
Dec. 30, James Farnsworth, An inhabitant of Philada. in
the year 1777, made Oath that in that year he
took the Oath of Allegiance to the States before
Justice Smithson in the Jersey State and now
before me.
1780.
March 6, John M. Jackson, now of the age of eighteen years
and one month, of Philada., Clark.

( 21 )
1780.
May 6, Peter Ott, of Blockley Township, Farmer, having
taken the test to the States in 1777, was compelled
to swear allegiance to the Brittish while here,
much against his will as he declares, and which
he most heartily renounces.
John Daw, being a Commissioned Officer in the 4th
Pensilvania Regt. in the year 1777.
15, Daniel Appel, lately from the West Indies,
Taylor.
Hosea Smith, lately come of age, Taylor.
June 8, Jacob Rickneal (his mark), lately discharged from
the German American Regt.
James Cottringer, of Philada., Brushmaker, but
lately arrived to the age of eighteen years.
12, Luke Morris Junr., Miller, in his minority. Af
firmed.
13, William Douglass, taken prisoner under age and
lately returned.
Note that Daniel Folt, of Passiunk not taking the
test in time desired now to take it, which he did
and I gave a certificate according thereto.
June 28, Daniel McLean, a Sergeant in the service of this
and of the United States the 1st day of June 1778,
and since with reputation discharged.
Sep. 9, James Kirk, a soldier in the service of the American
United States on the 1st day of June 1778, and
since discharged.
25, William Due (his mark), Mariner, resident in this
city above five years, being a foreigner unac
quainted with the time prescribed by law.

( 22 )
1780.
Sep. 30, Matthew Phelps, of the state of Connecticut, lately
from the Mississippi, Planter.
Oct. 10, Isaac Sheldon, of the State of Connecticut, lately
from the Mississippi, Planter.
Abraham Hargis, a Lieut, in the Continental
Army, 10th Pena. Regt. June 1st, 1778.
Robert Kennedy, from South Carolina, Taylor.
21, Nicholas Hinkle (his mark), of Blockley, lived in
the Jersey State in the year 1776, where he first
proved his allegiance.
Dec. 5, Philip Swartz, charged with treasonable practices
and discharged after a long confinement. Recom
mended by J. C, Sheriff.
13, John Allen, of the state of N. Carolina.
1781.
Jan. 29, John Cook (his mark), late of the Jersey state; in
Jany. 1779, was qualified to allegiance there before
Lemuel Sears in Gloucester County as appears by
certificate.
June 14, John Johnston (his mark), by trade a painter and
Glazier but has followed the sea some years.
29, John Frazer (his mark), late a soldier in the Penn
sylvania line.
Sep. 7, Samuel Hembel, formerly a servant in Lancaster
co., lately free.
Oct. 8, James Hampden Thomson, late a citizen of South
Carolina and lately arrived in this city from St.
Augustine.
9, Adam Gilchrist, an officer in the Penna. Line in
1777.

( 23 )
1781.
Oct. 9, George Bond.
John Phile, late a free citizen of Maryland, now
of this City, Mercht.
Charles Pettit.
James Willing.
James Montgomery.
Francis Donnelly.
D. Witherspoon.
William Henderson.
William Graham, late of Virginia.
13, Benj. Smith (his mark), of Blockley Township,
Philada. Co.
Nov. 2, James Duffy (his mark), now City Constable,
Philada.
21, Andrew Miller, of Towamensing, Philada. Co.,
Farmer.
20, William Bell, of Philada., Taylor, late of the
State of New Jersey.
1782.
Feb. 16, Thomas Lake, son of Capt. Thomas Lake; now 18
years old.
John Fesmore (his mark), late discharged from the
Penna. Line.
Apl. 15, Eleazer Oswald, late Lieut. Col. of Arty, of the
United States.
May 1, Archibald McClarey, formerly a private in the
river fleet.
13, Bedford Williams, Surgeon, formerly in the ser
vice of the States.
31, Abraham Seixas, formerly an officer in the Militia

( 24 )
1782. of Charlestown, South Carolina, lately arrived in
this city, Mercht.
July 1, William Bradford, formerly a soldier in the Vir
ginia line, discharged, by trade a Taylor.
13, Joseph Heller, of Merrion Township, lately arrived
to the age of 20.
Jacob Sibley, of Merrion Township, but lately
arrived to the age of 19.
Aug. 7, Philip Smith, a German, bred in Philada., a Taylor
by trade. »
14, Jonathan Adams, a native of Maryland, by trade
a silversmith.
22, Matthew Ballam, a native of New York who re
tired on the approach of the enemy.
Sep. 14, Levin Langrall, of the State of Maryland, taken
prisoner and escaped from New York, Mariner.
21, Robert Pattison, of Charlestown in South Caro
lina, Mercht.
Oct. 7, Thomas Steel, of Philadelphia, Mariner.
Philip Moore, of Philada., Mercht., having taken
the Oath of Allegiance in Boston in 1777 and in
the Court of Philada. in April 1782.
John Ogden, lately arrived to the age of twenty-one
years.
John Stafford, belonging to the train of Artillery
in 1776. Discharged.
John Jones, Health Officer, took the test in Vir
ginia in 1777.
Benjamin Stagg, a private in the 5th Penna. Regt.
in 1776, discharged in 1781.

( 25 )
1782.
Oct. 7, Michael Connor, took the Oath at Reading in
June 1778.
David Porter, an officer in the Penna. Line in
1777.
Charles McCarter, Surgeon in the 4th Penna.
Regt. in 1777.
James McLean, an officer in the Penna. Line in
1777.
Lazarus Stow, Lieut, in the llth Penna. Regt. in
1777.
8, James Whitehead.
Charles Darragh.
Matthew McGuire.
William Gray.
Alexander Power.
John Thompson.
Joseph Rice.
William Williams.
David Elliott.
Patrick Owens, took the test in Virginia in 1777.
John Cowell, surgeon in the Genl. Hospital of
Penna. in June 1778.
Patrick Duffy, an officer in the Penna. Artillery
in 1777.
John Kaworth, a seafaring man.
James Hamel, tavern keeper, took the test in Vir
ginia in 1777.
John Stricker, an officer in the Penna. Line in
1777.
Robert Scot, took the test in Virginia in 1777.
D

( 26 )
1782.
Oct. 8, James Gilchrist, an officer in the Penna. Line 1779.
Andrew Lytle, an officer in do. 1776.
John Baker, who took the oath in Virginia, August
1777.
James G. Herron, late an officer in Hazen's Regi
ment, Pennsylvania. Line.
George Hofner, late an officer in the Penna. Line.
John Hunn, took the test in Delaware State 1778.
18, John Loge, late of Salem, in the State of N. Jersey.
Waterman.
Nov. 4, Garret Peters, an inhabitant of this City. Shoe
maker.
8, Robert Smock, late of the State of N. Jersey. Clark
in the Clothier's Departmt.
19, John Bryarly, some time resident in this city.
Sadler.
William Patton, formerly of Lancaster, in this
State. Sadler.
John Stiles, some time resident in this city. Sadler.
1783.
Jan. 6, Seth Avered, from Connecticut, last from Chester
Co.
Mch. 19, Andrew Aitkin, of Philada. Physitian in the
Publick service above four years.
April 22, John Jamison, of Philada. Sadler. Nineteen years
of age.
30, George Mayer, son of Jacob Mayer; a native of
Philada., late a prisoner with the enemy, now 19
years old.
May 7, Hugh Martin, a surgeon in the Penna. Line in 1778.

( 27 )
1783.
May 30, Adam Steller, Butcher, born in Philada., lately
of age.
Thomas Bell, late apprentice to Geo. Claypoole,
Cabinet maker.
June 30, George Tudor, a Major in the Penna. Line.
Philip Lauer, having served five years in the
Penna. regiment of Artillery.
Sept. 17, James Chrystie, Captain in the Penna. Line.
John Brice, formerly Captain in the Marine of this
State.
Oct. 6, Abraham Howell, of Maurice County, State of
New Jersey.
10, Joseph Harma, Lieut. Col. 1st Eegt. of Pennsyl
vania.
Philip Mentges, Lieut. Col. in the Southern Army.
J. Moore, Major 1st Penna. Regiment.
John Bryce, Captain Co. of Artillery.
13, William Martin, Captain of Artillery.
Robert Wallace, proves by certificate that he
took the oath of allegiance in the Jersey State in
1777.
14, Edward Whelan, a soldier in the Penna. line.
Discharged.
Robert Morrell, an artificer in the American
Army. Discharged.
John Patton, tallow chandler, a native, lately come
of age.
John Rhea, of Philada., a native, lately arrived to
age.
Samuel Brady, Captain 3rd Penna. Regt.

( 28 )
1783.
Oct. 14, Thomas Adams, late of Rhode Island, made oath
that he took the test of that State in 1777.
Paul Jones, Captain in the Navy of the United
States.
John Smith, late Segt. in the Penna. Line. Dis
charged January 1781.
Richard Wallace (his mark), a private in the
Penna. Line. Discharged 1781.
John Adams, late a sergeant in the Penna. Line.
Discharged Jan. 1781.
Thomas Lavisyler, late Ensign in the Penna. Line.
Deranged.
Isaac B. Dunn, Capt. 3rd Regt. Penna.
James Finley, makes oath that he in 1777, in Vir
ginia, took the oath of that State of his allegiance.
John Hazlewood, Junr., lately arrived to the age
of 21 years.
Christopher Kugler, of the Northern Liberties,
but now arrived to 21 years of age.
L. Keene, late Captain 2nd Penna. Regt.
Ephraim Blaine, Commissary General Purveyor.
John Read.
Alexander .Russell, late Lieut. 7th Penna. Regt.
Alexander Bensted, late Lieut. & Paymaster
10th Penna. Regt.
Thomas McIntire.
Martin Weyland, of Point no Point Northern
Liberties, maketh oath which is certified to by
Edward Pool, in 1778.
Henry Greve, Lieut, in the 4th Penna. Regt.

( 29 )
1784.
Oct. 1 1 , John White, Mate of the General Military Hospital.
12, Robert Gregg, late Captain of the Penna. Line.
Jacob Cox, made oath that he took the oath oi
allegiance in the Jersey State in 1777.
Jno. Donohue, made oath that he gave test of alle
giance in the Jersey State, and since agreeable to
law in this State.
William Honeyman, formerly a lieut. in the
Pensyla. Line.
William Norton, formerly a private in the Pena.
Line. Discharged.
Matthew McClentick, took the oath in Maryland
in 1780.
Patrick Shaw (his mark), a private in the Penna.
Line. Discharged.
1785.
Feb. 19, Isaac Van Vleck, of the Jersey State, appears to
have taken the oath of allegiance in that State in
1777.
Apl. 11, Edward Tilghman, Junr., of Dover, in the Dela
ware State, Esq., appears to have taken the oath
of allegiance in said State.
Sep. 29, Francis Knox, Commander of a Vessel under com
mission in the American Service in the late war.
James Lockwood, a native of Connecticut, a resi
dent here near two years. Mercht.
Oct. 6, John Mitchell, of Philada. Mercht.
John Savidge, a Captain in the Pensilva. Line in
1778.
Philip Klein, appears to have taken the oath in

( 30 )
1785. 1778 ; served in the flying camp, and now before
me hath taken the oath.
Oct. 6, John Organ (his mark), late a soldier in the Pensyla.
Line six years.
John McIlench (his mark), a soldier in the Pensyla.
Line in 1777.
Philip Colewater (his mark), a soldier in the
Pena. Line six years.
24, Barnaby Scully, a soldier in the Maryland Line
in 1777, since a resident here.
William Spottswood, from Ireland, resident here
about 2 years. Did not take the oath of 1777.
Matthew Carey, from Dublin, Printer, resident
here near one year. Did not take the oath of
1777.
1786.
Apl. 7, William Bankson, of Philada. Upholsterer, a
native of this State, lately arrived to full age.
May 10, Andrew Rey, formerly an officer in the service of
the United States, and latterly a resident of the
Delaware State.
Oct. 10, Daniel Garhart (his mark), late a soldier in the
American Army, from the commencement of the
war.
Henry Lipsey, late a soldier in the Artillery oi
Penna.
Henry McAnally, proves that he took the oath
in 1778 before Justice Adcock.
Joseph Crawford (his mark), proves that he took
the test of 1778 in due time.

( 31 )
1786.
Oct. 10, Henry Harris (his mark), proves that he took the
oath of 1778 before me in due time.
1787.
Apl. 5, Joseph Anderson (Esq.), Attorney at Law, formerly
a Major in the Army of the United States and
the Jersey Line.
13, William Montgomery (Esq.), Attorney at Law,
formerly a Citizen of the Delaware State.

i

SECOND BOOK.

We the subscribers do swear (or affirm) that I renounce and
refuse all allegiance to George the third, King of Great
Britain, his heirs and successors, and that I will be
faithful, and bear true allegiance to the commonwealth
of Pensylvania as a free and Independant State, and
that I will not at any time do or cause to be done any
matter or thing that will be prejudicial or injurious to
the freedom and Independance thereof , as declared by
Congress; and, also, that I will discover and make known
to some one Justice of the Peace of this State, all treasons
or traitorous conspiracies which I now know or hereafter
shall know, to be formed against this or any of the United
States of America.
Plunkett Fleeson.
Philadelphia, 1778.
1778.
July 11, James Hall.
James Thompson.
John Righter,
John Kook.
14, Johann Christopher Jutter.
Johann Conrad Gotthart.
George Sharswood.
John Crook.
Luke Keating. 2d Certificate proved.
John Patterson.

( 36 )
1778.
July 14, John C. Kunze.
15, John Halburtat. A 2d Certificate.
Thomas Hall. 2d Certificate proved.
William Robinson.
George Croghan.
20, Johan Georg Miller.
Robert Bass.
William Matlack. Affirmed.
William Pugh. Affirmed.
Christian Hansman.
Christopher Baker.
John Burnes.
Thomas Beck. 2d Certificate.
Pastorious Wynn. 2d Certificate.
23, William Jones.
Caleb Ash. Affirmed.
George Stockham.
24, Andrew Brand. 2d Certificate.
George Bates. do.
Adam Clampffer. do.
Jacob Fisler.
25, Jacob Carrick (his mark).
Jacob Conrod (his mark).
Jacob Latch (his mark).
Samuel Tom (his mark).
George Kurtz, sworn to have taken the oath of
allegiance the 30th June 1777. 2d Certificate.
Francis Finley. 2d Certificate.
George Fox.
27, Nn. Sellers.

( 37 )
1778.
July 27, Friederich Plack, swore that he took the test
and had a certificate from me in June 1777.
2d Certificate.
James Neill. Affirmed.
William Barns.
John Cummings.
Conrad Lewetter, attests having taken the oath
and had my certificate the 26th day of June
1777.
28, John Brown, Cabinet maker, testifies that on or
about the latter end of June 1777, he took the
oath, and had my certificate. 2nd Certificate.
William Moore.
John Smith, of Philada. Breeches maker, sworn,
that about the end of June 1777, he took the
oath of allegiance, and had a certificate from me,
which he hath lost, and now has a 2nd certificate.
29, Rees Price. Affirmed.
30, William Stroud. Affirmed.
John Coffman.
George Wood.
Matthias Nonveller, of Blockly, attests to having
in June 1777, taken the test, and had my cer
tificate, which he hath lost. 2d Certificate.
Jacob Be alert, of Blockly, attests to having in
June 1777, or thereabout, taken the oath of alle
giance, and that he had my certificate, which he
hath lost. 2d Certificate.
Thomas Watts.
31, George Chandler.

( 38 )
1778.
July 31, Elijah Coffin. 2d Certificate.
James Harris.
Richard Price. Affirmed.
Aug. 1, Thomas Irwin.
W. Hamilton.
Jacob Ash, Attests haying taken the test with me
about June 1777. 2nd Certificate.
Philip Conrad, Attests to have taken the test
about July, 1777.
Martin Walter.
William McElvain.
3, Peter Crass (his mark), Attests to have taken the
test in or about the Month of July 1777.
Jonathan Draper.
John Corman.
Edward Richie.
Rudolph Sibley (his mark).
William Whittington, of Boston.
John Overly, Copy from ye Original Sept. 12th
1777. No. 887.
Richard Hunt, Attests to have taken the Test of
me in July 1777, & now has a 2d. Certificate.
4, Gunning Bedford.
George Claypoole.
John Keichler (his mark).
Isaac Widdos, Attests to have taken the Oath &
to have lost his Certificate taken in June 1777.
2d Certificate.
John Weaver.
Charles Cecil, lately arrived from Europe.

( 39 )
1778.
Aug. 4, John Davis. Affirmed.
5, Isaac Warner, did take the test in 1777;. was con
strained to swear allegiance to the King, which
he now doth renounce. 2d Certificate.
Archibald McKendrick, a Brittish officer, dis
charged from parole, and recommended.
Ludwick Knoll.
Conrod Goodman. Affirmed.
Darby Savage.
Richard Topliff, Copy from Original June 13
1777. No. 32.
6, James Spinks.
Friederich Deshong, took the oath to the States
in 1777, was after constrained to swear allegiance
to the crown, which he now renounces, and again
takes the test to the States. 2d Certificate.
Jacob Litchenham (his mark).
Benjamin Thaw.
7, Ludwig Falkenstein.
Peter Remender (his mark).
Samuel Evans. Affirmed.
Samuel Langdale.
Archibald Watson (his mark).
8, James Davis.
William Saunders, Attests to have Attested in
July 1777. 2nd Certificate.
Hugh Ross, Attests to have taken & subscribed in
July 1777. 2d Certificate.
10, John Diamond.
Jacob Erringer.

( 40 )
1778.
Aug. 10, Johannes Heller.
Charles Stow.
Christopher Hart (his mark), took the test from
me in June 1777, per qualification. 2nd Cer
tificate.
Edward McDonnell.
Joseph Govett.
James Packer. Affirmed.
John Allen (his mark), gunsmith. 2nd Certificate.
John Yerger.,
Joseph Williamson.
11, Thomas Fleeson, A 2nd certificate 17th July, 1777.
Melchoir Nuff, taken in Augt. 1777. 2d Cer
tificate.
Samuel Stern.
12, Theobald Ent, Sadler, Attested taking in June
1777. 2d Certificate.
Adam Groff (his mark).
James Russell.
John Heyl, Attests to having taken the Oath in
June 1777. 2nd Certificate.
Philip Warner, known to have taken the oath in
June 1777. 2d Certificate.
Benjamin Humphreys. Affirmed.
Joseph Leonard. Affirmed.
13, John David.
Richard Robinson, who farther attests to have
taken the Oath before George Brian, Esq., about
the month of July 1777, but lost his Certificate.
2d Cert.

' D*

( 41 }
1778.
Aug. 14, William Sowersby.
William Lake, renewed his Certificate 27th Augt.
1777. No. 850. 2nd Certificate.
George Connell, Carver, renewed his Certificate
of 28th June 1777. No. 194. 2d Cert.
David Richards, Affirms to have taken the test on
or about July 1777. Renewed his Certificate.
William Guiney.
Jacob Baker.
15, Edward Cavanaugh (his mark).
William Robinson.
Jacob Hankel, Took the test before me about
Augt. 1777.
Cornelius Barnes.
Peter Mellen.
Thomas Roue.
17, William Thomson.
Thomas Palmer.
Joseph Lisle.
Robert Davidson, Took the test in the Delaware
State the 2d of June 1778.
Jacob Kinnard.
Jacob Burklae.
18, James Rasbotham.
Robert Moore, Proves having taken the test of
John Crugh, Esq., of Carlisle, which he hath lost.
Now taken of me. 2d Certificate.
John Reiley Junr., Attests to have in 1777 taken
test to the States, in Maryland, and lost his cer
tificate.
F

( 42 )
1778.
Aug. 18, George Young.
Robert Bell. 2d Certificate.
Johannes Hilarius Baker.
19, James Underwood, Affirms to having taken the
test & had my certificate in or about Augt. 1777.
Philip Young (his mark).
Richard Singelton.
Simon Hufty.
John Cottman.
Thomas Morgan. Affirmed.
William Clark. Affirmed.
20, Gerard William Beekman, 2d Certificate & ab
jurations.
Thomas Thompson.
William Graham, known to have taken the test
in June 1777, No. 92, Copy.
21, Robert Plunket.
John Armitage, took the test in July 1777. 2d
Certificate.
22, Jacob Barr.
John Lear (his mark).
John Eoberts. Affirmed.
Samuel Junkin.
Nicholas Eice.
George Matzinger.
Evan Griffith.
Francis Jones. Affirmed.
Christian Wortzheiser.
Gabriel Korn, proves to have taken in July
1777.

( 43 )
1778.
Aug. 24, John Long, proves having taken the Oath in July
1777.
Matthew Foy, proves to have taken of me about
July 1777.
William Kemble.
William Moore.
William Domiller (his mark).
25, John Gravel, proves to have taken the Oath in
July 1777.
James Dexter, proves to have taken the Oath in
June 1777. 2d Certificate.
George Lorden, proves to have taken the Oath in
July, 1777.
26, William Beale.
William Tustin.
William Trempor, proves having taken the Oath
in or about July, 1777.
Daniel Harar.
Joseph Sellers. Affirmed.
Adam Metts, proves having taken the Oath in
Augt. 1777.
John Ford, proves having taken the Oath in July
1777.
WlLHELM BASTIAN.
Thomas Fitzgerald, proves that he took the Oath
on 30th of June 1777.
Thomas Francis, at the same time, and now has
his first Certificate. No. 426.
John Vannost.

( 44 )
1778.
Aug. 27, Christopher Eeid, swore that he took the test
in June 1777.
John Henderson.
Thomas Paschall.
Joseph Hillborn.

We the Subscribers do swear (or affirm) that I renounce and
refuse all allegiance to George the Third, King of Great
Britain, his heirs and successors, and that I will be
faithful and bear true allegiance to the Commonwealth
of Pensylvania as a free and Independent State; and
that I will not at any time do or cause to be done, any
matter or thing, that will be prejudicial or injurious to
the freedom and Independence thereof, as declared by
Congress ; and, also, that I will discover and make
known to some one Justice of the Peace of the said state
all treasons or traitorous conspiracies which I now know
or hereafter shall know to be formed against this or any
of the United States of America. Plunket Fleeson.
Philadelphia, 1778.
1778.
Aug. 27, John Lennerd, Weaver.
28, John Thomas, Also proves to have taken the Oath
from Justice Davis, of Chester Co., in 1777.
Michael Ditrich.
Jacob Eenno, proves to have taken the Oath in
July, 1777.
Joseph Parkes, proves to have taken the Oath in
Augt. 1777.
John Brookes, proves that he had taken the Oath
June 28th 1777.

( 46 )
1778.
Aug. 28, John Palmer, proves to have taken the Oath in
June 1777.
Thomas Craig, proves to have taken the Oath on
or about Augt. 1777.
Stephen Simons, proves to have taken the Oath in
Jany. 1777.
William Pinton, proves taking the Oath in June
1777.
29, Jacob Whitman.
Felix Bentley.
George Kooper (his mark), proves that he took
the test in 1777, & now before me renounces the
allegiance extorted by the Brittish.
William McMichael, proves taking the test in
July, 1777.
Conrad Stoltz, renounces the Allegiance sworn to
the Brittish, and taken by force last winter.
Christopher Miller, renounces as above.
Edmond Nugent.
31, Edmond Beech Junr., Copy of original July 1st
1777.
John Martin, proves to have taken the test in
Augt. 1777.
Joseph Pemberton.
Hoymon Luy, proves that he did take the test in
Augt. 1777.
James Oellers, proves that in June 1777 he did
take the test, but was constrained to Brittish
Allegiance, and this day renews his Allegiance
to the State.

( 47 )
1778.
Sept. 2, Abraham Gloeding, proves to have taken the test
in June 1777.
Christian Peterman.
George Makemson.
3, Henry Cress, proves to have taken the test to the
United States in 1777; was constrained to Brit
tish Allegiance, and this day renounces the latter
& swears allegiance to the United States.
Francis Bower, swears to have taken the test in
1777 before Justice Hull, of Connecocheque, and
now before me.
Cooper Brethower, proves to have taken the test
in Augt. 1777.
4, Michael Clark, sworn to have taken the test to
the State in July 1777.
Ennion Williams, proves to have taken the test
of me in June, 1777.
Jonathan Heaton.
5, Anthony Kirk (his mark).
Casper Souder, took the test in June 1777; has
since been constrained to swear allegiance to the
Brittish, and this day renews his first oath.
7, Thomas Eenshaw, proves to have taken the State
test in June, 1777. No. 17. 2nd Certificate.
Affirmed.
John Tomkins.
John Everly (his mark).
8, William Davidson, a prisoner and on parole, from
the 16th of November to this time.
Bartholomew Thayer.

( 48 )
1778.
Sept. 8, Joseph Hibberd.
Samuel Penrose.
9, Thomas Welch. Affirmed.
Joseph Honeycomb, proves to have taken the State
test in 1777.
Matthew Hooper, proves to have taken the State
test in June 1777.
John Coates, proves that he took the State test in
June 1777.
Joseph Bolter, proves that he took the State test
in June 1777.
Imanuel Jacob Alborn.
11, James Murdaugh.
Edward Flounders, proves to have taken the test
of me in August 1777. Affirmed.
12, Benjamin Miller.
Thomas Rossiter Junr.
John Armet, proves to have taken the test of me
in June, 1777.
14, Mathias Cope, proves that he took of me the test
in July 1777.
John Greble, of Philadelphia, Cooper, before Jus
tice Young, in June 1777, took the test, since
which he was constrained to swear allegiance to
the Brittish, and now renews his former test.
15, Andrew Hamilton.
Jacob Zinck, of Moyamensing, took the test of
Benjamin Paschal in June 1777; was constrained
to that of the Brittish, and now before me re
nounces the latter.

( 49 )
1778.
Sept. 17, Benjamin Tottie, proves that he in June 1777,
took the test to the State before me. 2nd Cer
tificate.
David Saldrich (his mark), not 18 years of age
the 1st of June last.
18, Peter Grab.
William Stoll.
19, James West.
Jerom Ingiez, proves to have taken the State test
in June 1777.
John Mathes.
21, Joseph Palmer, proves his Attestation in June,
1777, before me.
24, Tobias Rudolph, proves his Attestation in Augt.
1777.
Jacob Ehrenzeller, proves his Attestation in
June 1777.
25, Christian Rudolph.
James Walsh, proves his Attestation in June 1777.
26, Solomon Halling, Second Surgeon in the General
Military Hospitals.
Thomas McDowell.
Joseph Wood.
28, George Heyl, took the test of me the 25 th day of
June 1777; was constrained to swear allegiance
to the Brittish, which he hath this day renounced.
William Eckhart.
John Ord Esq., took the test July 10th 1777, &
was constrained to swear allegiance to the Brit
tish, which he this day hath renounced.

( 50 )
1778.
Sept. 28, Charles Phile, 1st Lt.
Jacob Lehre, proves to have Attested in June
1777.
Robert Fullerton.
29, Andrew George (his mark).
James Kinkead proves to have attested in Augt.
1777.
Oct. 2, William McClatchie, proves to have attested
before me in August 1777.
Charles Stewart.
3, Daniel Gosner, proves to have attested in June
1777.
Jared Saxton.
John Porter, late of Philada., proves to have taken
the State test in June 1777. Affirmed. 2nd
Certificate.
Justinian Fox, proves to have taken the State
test of me in June 1777. 2nd Certificate.
5, James Kelley, proves that at Carlisle, in February
last, he took the Oath of Allegiance.
6, John Helm, 1st Lieut, of 6th Penna. Regt., late a
prisoner.
John George (his mark), Schuylkill.
John George June, (his mark), Blockley.
Christian Dishong.
9, Edmond Tobin.
John White, proves to have taken the State test
before me in June 1777.
10, David Sellers.
Christopher Miers (his mark).

( 51 )
1778.
Oct. 12, John Lawrence, Lieut., late prisoner of War.
John Morgan, Lieut., do. do.
George George, proves to have taken the State
test in Augt. 1777, before me.
Charles Greer, a prisoner with the Enemy, while
in the City.
Christian Sleigh (his mark), proves to have taken
the State Test in Augt. 1777.
John Kerlin Junr., proves to have taken the State
test in Augt. 1777.
Benjamin Scull, took the State test before me,
the 2d day of Sept. 1777. No. 862.
John McKennan.
John Stuart.
14, William Glisson.
John Koehmle, proves that he in June 1777, did
take the Legal test before me.
John Calbanan, proves that he was Qualified,
before me, in June 1777.
John Clazer (his mark), proves that he was Quali
fied before me in Sept. 1777.
Michael Gitts, proves that he was qualified before
me in June 1777.
15, Thomas Booker, pr.oves that he was qualified in
June 1777.
Philip Hoffer, do. do.
Matthias Weiss, do. do.
16, Thomas Wade (his mark).
Michael Caner, proves that he was qualified in
July 1777, swore allegiance to the Brittish, and
now renounces the same.

( 52 )
1778.
Oct. 17, Thomas Dickson, Cutter, renewed his certificate,
27th Augt. 1777. No. 849.
John Crook, proves that he was qualified in June
1777.
19, Christian Dame, proves to have taken the test
June 30th 1777.
John Forster (his mark), Farmer.
C. Martin Forster (his mark).
Robert Robson (his mark), Mariner, a Brittish
Prisoner.
David Taggart.
20, William Armstrong, of Philadelphia County,
Major. Copy from Original June 30, 1777. No.
327.
21, John Riddle, State Officer. Copy from Original
June 30, 1777.
25, John Hignet Keeling.
John Campbell, proves taking the test in July
1777.
Nov. 2, William Wilson.
Charles Ritter, proves to have taken the Oath
before me in June 1777, was constrained to swear
allegiance to the Brittish, which he hath now re
nounced.
Andrew Doz, late an Inhabitant of Jersey, where
he took the Oath, as required by the law of that
state.
Michael Gratz, late residing in Virginia, where
he took the Oath to that state.
Heinrich Kimhel.

( 53 )
1778.
Nov. 7, Jacob Maur, proves to have taken the test in June
1777.
William Stanley, schoolmaster, took the test in
June 1777.
9, Shewbart Armitage.
10, Peter De Haven, of Philada., Gentleman, produces
his Certificate taken of me, 26th June 1777.
13, Isaac Hayes, Blockley.
14, Michael Schmyser, a prisoner lately exchanged.
16, Samuel Humphreys, took the test in 1777.
17, Johann George Degenhart, a Hessian Deserter.
18, Richard Ludgate (his mark).
19, Alexander Tod, took the Oath before me, June
1777.
25, John Stoneman, Bensalem, took the test in 1777,
of Col. Kirkbride. Sworn.
26, Frederick Lint, took the Oath in June 1777, was
constrained to Brittish Allegiance, which he now
hath renounced & renewed the former.
Benjamin Chapman Junr. Affirmed.
Friederich Ermanberger.
Martin Pierie.
27, George Stoute, Northern Liberties, took the test
in June 1777.
John Linniberger (his mark).
Heinrich Katz, Whitemarsh.
28, George Peiss, Passiunk.
Godfrey Shisler, do.
John White, do.

( 54 )
1778.
Nov. 30, Michael Shiver (his mark), proves to have taken
the test of me, in June 1777.
George Shaw, proves to have taken the test of me
in 1777.
Dec. 2, William Guinop, proves to have taken the test
before me in 1777.
4, Samuel Coutty, swears to have taken the test
before me in the year 1777.
5, Felix Liberstin.
Casper Cleigner (his mark).
Nicholas Quest (his mark).
7, Frederick Duy.
John Hiffernan.
John Whiteman (his mark), late of Northern Liber
ties, Philada. County, proves by evidence, to have
taken the Oath June 13th 1777.
Morris Worrel, proves to have taken the Oath
in June 1777.
10, Georg Gebheart, swears to have taken the test in
June 1777.
Joseph Lewis, on oath did take the test before me
in July 1777.
William Nicholas (his mark), did take the test in
June 1777.
Samuel Crispin, on oath did take the test on or
about June 1777.
William Ashton, on oath did take the test on or
about June 1777.
John Fraley, on oath did take the test on or about
June 1777.

( 55 )
According to the Act of 5th Peer. 1778.
1778.
Dec. 11, Heinrich Schwallach.
Peter Powell, on oath did take the test on or
about June 1777, before me.
Edward Riffets, on oath did take the test in June
1777 before me.
18, Mathew Knox, Lieut., on oath proves that he was
taken prisoner at fort Washington, exchanged the
22d September last, and returned to this State,
the 24th of last month.
William Clark, on Oath proves that he did take
the Oath before me in 1777.
Donald McIntosh, foreigner, lately in the Brittish
Service.
John Everhart, on oath proves that in June 1777,
he testified Allegiance before me.
1779.
Jan. 1, Johannes Mullek, a foreigner lately in the Brittish
army.
5, John Linton, in June 1777 did take the test before
me.
George Snyder, on oath did take the Affirmation
in 1777.
8, Philip Heinrichs, a foreigner lately in the Brittish
service.
11, Abraham Wayne, on oath proves that he did take
& subscribe the test in 1777.
22, David Everhard, on oath proves that he did take
and subscribe the test in June 1777.

( 56 )
1779.
Jan. 25, Samuel Channell, on oath proves that he did take
the test before me in June 1777.
27, Andrew Day, on oath proves that he did take the
test oath before me in August 1777.
Jeremiah Williams, on oath proves that he did
take the test before me, in 1777.
Feb. 13, Jacob Stettenfield, a foreigner lately in the
Brittish service.
Christian Overstake (his mark), Northern Lib
erties, proves to have taken the test before me
in 1777.
23, James Light, did take and subscribe the oath of
allegiance before me the 3rd day of September
1777. Copy from Original.
25, John Mitchel, did take and subscribe the oath
as by law directed in June 1777. 2d Certificate.
Andrew Zeigler, of Swedesford did take the
affirmation in June 1777.
March 16, John Fisher, proves that he did take the test
before me in 1777.
19, John Barnhill Junr., not until now of the age
of 18 years.
David Bealer proves that he did take the test in
the year 1777.
Apl. 2, Willi am Lawrence, on oath proves that he did
take and subscribe as by law directed in 1777.
6, Benjamin McVeagh, by oath proves that he did
take & subscribe as by law directed in 1777.
John Jacob Transo, a German. A deserter from
the Brittish.

( 57 )
1779.
Apl. 6, Richard Taylor, lately from Britain.
May 11, Charles Bitters of Philada. late Breeches maker,
made oath that he did take & subscribe before me
in or about July 1777.
Philip Stock, Gardner, on oath proves that he did
take the test before me in June 1777.
17, Thomas Richman formerly a soldier in the Brittish
Army. Deserted April 11, 1778.
George Stokes, on oath proves that he did take &
subscribe in June 1777.
William Fecundas, on Oath proves that he took
& subscribed the oath in June 1777.
19, Jeremiah Quin, on Oath proves that he took &
' subscribed the Oath of Allegiance in June 1777.
20, Michael Gameber, of Philada., Cooper, proves
that he did take the test 27th June, 1777.
21, Johannes Poth, proves that he took the Oath re
quired by law, the 22d day of July 1777.
Adam Poth June., proves that he took the Oath of
Allegiance required, on the 22d day of July 1777.
William Hunt, on Oath proves that about August
in the year 1777, he did' take & subscribe the
oath according to law.
22, Frantz Wilhelm Hettmannkerger, by evidence
proves that he took & subscribed in July 1777.
John Hain, proves by evidence his taking before
me in July 1777.
24, WilliAm Brown, of Philada., Tavern-Keeper, did
in June 1777, take the test as appears by his
Certificate. No. 447.

( 58 )
1779.
May 26, Richard Skellorn, of Phila., Brass Founder, proves
that he in 1777, before me took the Oath.
28, Daniel Spencer, proves that he in July 1777, did
then take the test.
William Goggin, Mariner, lately in the Brittish
Service.
June 16, Cornelius Comegys Junr., of Maryland, proves
taking the test, according to law, in the year
1777.
Jacob Barge, did affirm to the allegiance, accord
ing to law, in the year 1777.
17, Adam Lechler, proves that he did take the test,
as by law directed in June 1777.
21, William Alexander, Son of Alexr. Alexander of
this City, impressed by the Brittish in 1776, and
in their service until June 1778.
26, William Weston, by evidence proves having taken
the test in 1777.
July 30, Peter Baynton, testifies that he did take the test
of Allegiance in 1777.
James Rogers, testifies that he took the test before
me in 1777.
31, Casper Gosner, proves by Philip Wenemon his
having taken the test before me in 1777.
Christopher Reed, proves by Capt. John Peters,
that he took the test in the year 1777.
Francis Gusse, of Philada., Goldsmith, as appears
by his certificate took the Oath of Allegiance, y"
28th day of June 1777. Was sworn by the Brit
tish.

( 59 )
1779.
July 31, Georg Bardeek, of Philada., Silversmith, proves
by Francis Gusse, that he took the test y9 28th
day of June 1777.
Robert Fullerton, of Philada., Painter, proves
by Capt. Joseph Wathens that he did take the
test in the year 1777.
Joseph Boulter, of Philada., Shoemaker, by Cadr.
Dickinson, proves having taken the test before
me in 1777.
Conrad Hans, of Philada., Coachmaker, testifies
having taken the test in the year 1777.
Aug. 2, Christopher Adams, testifies that he took the test
before me in the year 1777.
John Pollard, testifies that he did take the test
before me, in the year 1777.
JonN Nice, proves by Samuel Shrive that he took
the test before Henry Chrest of Reading, the 21st
day May 1778.
Allan McCollin, proves that he did take the test
by Affirmation before me in the year 1777.
Samuel Honeyman, proves that he took the test in
the year 1777.
Joseph Robinett, proves to have taken the test in
1777.
4, Peter Grant, now of Philada., proves by Conrad
Swetzer, that he in the year 1777 before Joshua
Elder of Lancaster, did take the Oath of Alle
giance.
John Adam Koehler, a deserter from the Brittish
Army, now of Philada. Pewterer.

( 60 )
1779.
Aug. 4, George Reinhart, proves to have taken the test,
before me in the year 1777.
Thomas Deak, proves to have taken the test in
1777, before me.
8, John Hetherington, proves by Ludwick Shuder,
that he took the test before Justice Moore, in the
year 1777.
Charles Lord en, of Philada., proves that he did
take the test before me in 1777.
George Harly, of Philada., Taylor, proves by
Alexander Greenwood, that he took the test
before me in the year 1777.
Alexander Greenwood (his mark), of Philada.,
Shoemaker, proves by George Harley, that he
took the test before me in the year 1777.
12, Conrad Eckelman, proves by John Smith, that
he, before me, in the year 1777, took the Oath.
Benedict Sneider, proves that he took the test
before me in 1777.
John Sutton, proves that he took the test before
me in the year 1777.
15, Albright Hazleton, proves that he took the test
before me in the year 1777.
Casper Stull, proves by Joseph Wathings that he
took the test before me, in the year 1777.
Andrew Young, proves by certificate that he took
the test with me in June 1777.
Mattis Pot, proves by Coron Kephard that he took
the test before me in June 1777.
Abraham Roberts, proves by Certificate that he
took the test before me in June 1777. No. 476.

( 61 )
1779.
Aug. 15, Conrad Schin, proves that he did take the test
before me in the year 1777.
Stephen Fourage, proves that he took the test
before me in 1777.
George Rutter, proves that he took the test before
me in the year 1777.
Daniel Craig, of Philada., Hatter, proves that he
took the test before me in the year 1777.
Michael Krafst, Tanner, proves by David Reshong
that he did take the test before me in June 1777.
David Reshong, of Philada., Taylor, produces Cer
tificate that he did take the test before me, June
30th 1777. No. 404.
Joseph Ogden Junr., proves that he took the test,
the 1st day of July 1777, by Certificate produced.
Edward Huston, by Joseph Ogden Junr., proves
that he took the Oath, the 1st day of July 1777.
19, Charles Blatzer. See the other record.

We the Subscribers do swear (or affirm) that I do renounce
dj- refuse all allegiance to George the Third King of
Great Britain, his heirs and successors ; and that I will
be faithful and bear true Allegiance to the Common
wealth of Pensilvania, as a free and Independent State ;
and that I will not at any time do or cause to be done
any matter or thing that will be prejudicial or injurious
to the freedom cj Independence thereof as declared by
Congress; and also that I will discover and make known
to some one Justice of the said State, all treasons §
traitorous conspiracies, which I now know, or hereafter
shall know to be formed against this or any of the United
States of America. Plunket Fleeson.
Philadelphia, 1779.
1779.
Aug. 14, Lewis Nice, State Officer, proves that he in June
1777, before me did take the Oath of Allegiance
as by law directed.
21, Jacob Smith, late of this City, Harness-Maker,
proves by James Gilingham, that he before me,
in the year 1777, took the Oath of Allegiance as
by law directed.
27, Joshua Burn, of Philada., Potter, proves by Ori
ginal Certificate that the 1st day of July 1777,
before me took the test of Allegiance according
to Law. Original Certificate produced.

( 63 }
1779.
Sept. 1, Christopher Burly, proves that he in the Year
1777, before me took the Oath of Allegiance as
by law directed.
Israel Mattson, of Philada., proves by James
Lyons, that he before me did take the Oath as by
law directed, in the year 1777.
2, Andrew Parkhill, proves by Daniel McCarey
that he before me, took the Oath as by law
directed, 30th June 1777.
Daniel McCary, of Philada., by Original Certifi
cate proves that he took the Oath as by law
directed before me the 30th June 1777.
27, Thomas Mesnard, late a Brittish subject & lately
from New- York.
30, Jonathan Stanton, late in the Brittish service,
now residing in this City. Breeches-Maker.
Oct. 11, James Gamble, lately in the Brittish Sea service,
as a Mariner.
William Vaughan Hitchings, in the Brittish
Mercht. Service, lately taken by an American
Privateer.
12, Daniel Barnhill, lately returned from the Brit
tish fleet, into which he was pressed.
Joseph Rue, made proof that he took the test, the
1st day of July 1777. No. 665.
Jacob Schrack, proves by Edward Neffetts, that
he took the test before me in June 1777.
Thomas Channell, took & subscribed the test
.before me, the 26th day of June 1777 as per
Original Certificate.

( 64 )
1779.
Oct. 12, Johan Conrad Beckman, late a soldier in the
Hessian Army.
13, Jacob Bower, late of Moyamensing, by testimony
of Rudolph Feel, took and subscribed the Oath of
Allegiance in June 1779.
14, Samuel Smith, on affirmation proves that he took
& subscribed the test of Allegiance in the year
1777.
20, Joseph Bulkeley, Mercht., lately arrived in this
State from the Island of Eustatia.
William Shiell, M.D., lately arrived in this City
from the City of .Dublin.
Dec. 10, Johan Peter Ahl, Taylor, a Hessian late in the
Brittish Service.
Casper Loving, Taylor, a Hessian late in the Brit
tish Service.
Pierre Lemaigre, a subject of France lately from
that Kingdom, via N. York.
Nicholas Perree, a native of France, lately from
Guadelope.
22, Johann Panrert, a Hessian late in the Brittish
Service.
Yorick Wusman, a Hessian late in the Brittish
Service. ;
27, Joseph Ogden Junr., proves by Original Certificate
that he took & subscribed the test on affirmation,
the 1st day of July 1777.
29, Johann Xhart Mellor, Baker, a Hessian from
N. York, late in the Brittish service.
1780.
Jan. 4, James Lincoln, late from the City of Dublin.

( 65 )
1780.
Jan. 12, William Prichard, lately from the Island of St.
Eustatia.
Feb. 7, George Moore, lately from the Massachusetts State
where he took the Oath to the United States.
12, Kerence Dowling (his mark), late in the Hessian
Army, deserted at the Battle of Monmouth, since
a residenter in this State, by trade a woolcomber,
& well recommended to me.
March 2, James Nugent, formerly a resident in the Jersey
State, now of Philada.
April 8, John Snelhart (his mark), a Hessian Deserter
from the Brittish at N. York.
24, John L. Lear, Baker, a Hessian deserter from
New York. Entered the American Service.
May 13, William Linnard, made Oath that he took the
Oath of Allegiance, according to Law, in the
month of June 1777, and hath lately lost his Cer
tificate.
Martin Christ (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army, being an Anspacher & since the Army
left this City.
16, Patrick Reiley, Shoemaker, who says that he
deserted the Brittish Service in 1778 & swore
Allegiance to the States in that year, at Pitts
Grove in this State & has lost his Certificate.
18, John Connor, lately arrived from the Kingdom
of Ireland. Mercht.
Simeon Meyland, a native of Switzerland, some
time a resident in this City ; by trade a Lapidary
or Jeweller.

( 66 )
1780.
June 3, Carl Ludewig Baron v. Bilow, a Hessian, some
time in the Brittish Service.
Christian Von Beck, a Hessian, some time in the
Brittish Service.
10, Philip Boutman (his mark), of Southwark, by
Thomas Booker proves that he took the test
before in the year 1777.
William Perkins, late a Volunteer in Col. May-
land's Dragoons proves that he took the test about
the month of Sept. in the year 1777. No. 900.
Francis Colson, House Carpenter, now a trader;
lately arrived in this State from Hispaniola.
Georg Johner, a Hessian, deserted from the Brit
tish Service in 1778.
12, Adam Shetzline (his mark), has made proof by
Godfred Gebler, that he took the test 29th June
1777.
George Speel, of Passiunk Township, made proof
that he took the test before me in 1777.
Christian Luts, proves by John Young of Passiunk,
that he did take the test in the year 1777.
Daniel Barns, of Philada., bricklayer proves from
Original, that he took the test 1st day of July
1777.
David Naer, of Philada., Nailor, proves by God
frey Wetzel that he took the test 30th June, 1777.
14, John Hughes, Practitioner in Physick, lately
arrived in this City from Hispaniola.
15, Thomas Simmons, proves by Philip Boatman, that
he took the test before me in 1777.

( 67 )
1780.
June 15, William Gray, of Philada., Brewer, proves by
Original Certificate that he affirmed to the State
test, the 26th June 1777.
27, Thomas Smith, a native of Bermuda, just arrived
in this port from thence.
28, James Alenby, of Philada., Cooper proves by
Rowland Pritchett, that he took the test before
me in or about July 1777.
Rowland Pritchett, of Philada., Cooper, produces
his Original Certificate No. 202 dated 28th June
1777.
30, William Barber, Captain, late a prisoner in His
paniola; admitted to take the Oath of Allegiance
(by order of Council).
July 11, Johannes Schmitt, a Hessian, deserted from the
Brittish in the year 1778, now married & settled
in Springfield, Philada. Co.
20, Johan Barnard Simon, a Hessian, deserted from
the Brittish army at New York, by trade a tay-
lor, now married & settled in this City.
28, George Knoepler, a High German, deserted from
the Brittish October 1779; recommended by John
Jervis.
John Telman, a German, deserted from the Brittish
in October 1779, with a pass from the American
Camp.
31, Charles Teigh, a Hessian deserted from the Brit
tish in 1779, a hair dresser, married & settled in
this City ; asserted by John Wallace.
Aug. 3, Peter Malone (his mark), formerly of Philada.,

( 68 )
1780. breeches-maker, who hath lived in New York
near five years & lately escaped to this City.
Aug. 4, Nicholas Eggers, a Brittish Soldier, pressed in
England, & deserted from Charlestown.
16, Abraham Forst, Mercht., lately arrived in this
City from Eustatia.
17, John Patrick Lynch, Mercht., lately from the
Kingdom of Ireland.
Sept. 22, William Dewees proves that he took the Oath of
Allegiance in the year 1777 before me.
Oct. 4, Marcus Ioane (his mark), Seaman, a Venitian by
birth, arrived lately from Guadelope & has been
some time in the Marine Service of this State.
10, James Smith, of the Forage Department, affirms
that he took the test as by law directed in the
year 1777, & had a certificate from me, which is
lost.
Joseph Nourse, of Philada., proved that he took
& subscribed the Oath as by law directed in the
year 1777.
Nov. 13, Alexander Brodie (his mark), Seaman, a native
of Scotland lately arrived in this State from the
Island Eustatia.
Dec. 13, Humphrey Williams, of Northern Liberties,
Philada. Co., proves by Original Certificate, that
he took & subscribed the Affirmation of Allegi
ance, the 1st of July 1777.
1781.
Jan. 11, George Hook (his mark), born in Philada., a sea
man having been some time a prisoner in New
York, from whence he is lately discharged.

( 69 )
1781.
Jan. 27, Michael Cain (his mark), deserted from the Brit
tish Service in the year 1779. Labourer.
Feb. 3, Thomas Beck (his mark), of Philada., shoemaker,
proves that in the year 1777 before me he took
and subscribed the Oath as by law directed.
March 1, Christopher Clark, Carpenter, lately arrived from
a three years captivity in England, being a native
of Boston.
3, Conrad Keller, a Switzer, enlisted with the Brit
tish, deserted in Philada., & now following the
trade of tinker.
12, Heinrich Schmitt, a Hessian, formerly in the Brit
tish Service, since in the American Artificers &
discharged ; by trade a Joyner.
13, Daniel Beckley, Carpenter, by Original Certifi
cate No. 274, proves that he took the test to this
State, according to the Act of 13th June 1777,
the 30th day of the same month.
James Bell, of Philada., Carpenter, by Daniel
Beckley proves that he took the test of the 13th
of June 1777 before me, in July of the same
year.
31, Alexander Louis O'Neill, a native of France,
late Captain in Genl. Count Pulaski's Legion.
April 19, Isaac Davis, late of Harford Township, Chester
County.
May 1, Christopher Frederick Dieffenbach, by birth
a German, arrived in this City about 18 months
since ; by trade a butcher.
15, Powel Adam Gardenok, a German Anspacher,

( 70 )
1781. tinman & brazier, deserted from the Brittish near
New York, about a year past.
May 28, John Moylan, a native of Ireland, lately arrived
in this City from the Camp of General Wash
ington.
June 23, John David Crimshew, Attorney at Law, late of
New York.
25, John Pleiny, a German by birth, lately arrived in
this State and was a prisoner in England; taken
on his way, being bound to Boston.
26, Johannes Marcus (his mark), a native of Denmark,
by trade an Instrument maker & turner; lately
arrived in this state.
July 7, James Davidson, proves that about the month of
June 1777, then being a professor in the College
of Philada., he took the Oath of Allegiance &
Fidelity as directed by law.
20, Charles Isaac, arrived in the Brig Burton, from
Charlestown. Mariner.
21, Frederick Christian, of Philadelphia, Baker, by
Bethenah Hodgkinson, proves that he in the year
1777, before me took & subscribed the Oath of
Allegiance.
30, Joseph Dolby, of Philada., Shoemaker, proves by
Isabella Rogers that he in the year 1777 before
me took & subscribed the Oath of Allegiance.
Aug. 28, Henry Hudson, late of Virginia. Wheelwright.
Oct. 1, Jasper Alexander Moylan, late from the King
dom of Spain. Student in Law.
9, Joseph Gray, proves by William Gray that he took

( 71 )
1781. & subscribed the Oath as directed by the Act of
1777 & had a Certificate, which is lost.
Nov. 5, William Austin Smith. \ "£ f A _
Robert Downs, born in Philada. j -§ £ * £
Benjamin Carr. / & '3 | m
Charles Decoster (his mark). ( H1 =8 Jj £
Lewis Desantee (his mark). / « | .. -5
Bryan Hynes. v oo § | |
Thomas Murphy. ) § o _ "I
William Codd (his mark). / £ p m ^
(John Gilchrist), a blackman. Deferred.
20, Henry Mevins, a soldier in the Brittish service,
deserted about two years ago.
Dec. 26, John Grimes, formerly in the American Marines,
taken prisoner by the Brittish & entered into that
service; since taken by the Americans.
27, Nicholas Esling, lately deserted from within the
lines of the Brittish at New York.
1782.
Jan. 3, Antony Marshal, late a prisoner with the Brit
tish, a Seaman, native of Sicily, taken at Sea in
an American Privateer.
16, Samuel Montgomery Brown, of the Kingdom of
Ireland, lately arrived in this City from the
Island of St. Thomas.
22, Marcus McCausland, of the Kingdom of Ireland,
Mercht., lately arrived in this City from the
Island of St. Thomas.
23, Daniel Ackley, by trade a Carpenter, a native &
inhabitant of N. York, deserted from thence and
lately come to this City.

Jacob Calb (his mark).
Johannes Mayer (his mark).

( 72 )
1782.
Jan. 23, Thomas Pettit, a native of New York & an in
habitant, deserted from thence & lately arrived
in this City; by trade a Silver Smith.
30, Georg Huber, an Anspacher, in the Brittish Ser
vice, deserted in the year 1778, when in this City
& hath continued in this state ever since ; by trade
a taylor.
Feb. 12, William Wilson, formerly in the American Army
in Canada, taken by the enemy, escaped from them
and brought prisoner to this City & discharged
by the Board of War; by trade a hatter.
Deserters from the
Anspach troops,
before the sur
render of the
Brittish Army in
Virginia.
21, Benjamin James Marcer, formerly a resident of
this State, lately from New York; by trade a
Shoemaker.
22, George Larrison of Cohansey in the State of New
Jersey; turner.
James Collins, Mercht., late of the Kingdom of
Ireland, & lately come to this City from New
York.
Alexander Semple, lately arrived in this City
from Jamaica by way of New York. Mercht.
March 13, William Atchison, Mariner, a native of Scotland,
from the Island of St. Thomas.
April 2, Charles Stilwil, a native of New York, lately
from Bermuda.

( 73 )
1782.
April 2, John Hamilton, a sea-faring man, born in Ireland;
last from Bermuda.
4, James Gentle, now of Philada., Bookbinder, was a
prisoner in England & beyond the sea until within
about a year last past.
Thomas Newark, late an Inhabitant of Salem Co.,
now of the City of Philada. Taverner.
Henry Sparks, late of Salem County, now an In
habitant in Philada. City Corder.
5, Nicholas Kirwan, formerly an inhabitant of An
tigua, lately of the City of Philada.
Nicholas Deering, formerly an inhabitant of An
tigua, lately of Philada. Mercht. 5 Three soldiers de
serted the Brit-
1 A
on the btaten
Island, examined
by Council and
admitted.
15, George Oliver, a Seaman taken prisoner into
New York, late a pilot of the river Delaware,
deserted the Brittish Service at Charlestown and
arrived in Philada. in September last.
Deserters from the Brit
tish Army at N. York ;
recommended by Secty.
Matlack.
May 4, John Henry, formerly of Philada., taken prisoner
in the Brittish Service in South Carolina.

John Herbert Grubb.
Isaac King (his mark).
Joseph Maynard.

( 74 )
1782.
May 8, Luke Thomas, formerly of Philada., latterly of New
.York ; returned by permission from the Council
of this State.
9, Daniel Montgomery, Taylor, deserted from the
Brittish Army in Philada. in 1777.
George Hinton, born in Philada., apprentice to
John Fox, taken away with the Brittish, taken
prisoner and now discharged.
13, George Inglis, lately from Jamaica by way of New
York.
15~ Patrick Landerken (his mark), formerly in the
Brittish Mercht. Service; by trade a Cooper.
June 7, Cornelius Dey, a seaman deserted from the Brit
tish Service.
Jeremiah Murry (his mark), a seaman deserted
from the Brittish Service.
11, Johann Rothmann, deserted from the Brittish
Infantry in the year 1778.
12, Robert McCausland, lately from Antigua, by way
of New York. Mercht.
29, William Montgomery Brown, Mercht. from Ire
land to New York, and to Philada. with a flag.
July 2, William Peters Junr., of this City, taken prisoner
by the Brittish in the year 1777; taken at sea.
(Capt. John McNachtane) took and subscribed
the Oath of Allegiance the 30th day of June
1777, as appears by Original Certificate. No.
330.
10, James Steel, formerly in the Brittish Service taken
at Yorktown & discharged; by trade a Sadler.

( 75 )
1782.
T -, -,„ T T- "I Deserters from the Brittish,
J uly 10, John Kenedy. , . „.
' T _ permitted by (Jouncil to con-
JOHN FlTZPATRICK > f. „ . „
- . , N tinue in this State. La-
(ms mark). ,
J bourers.
Patrick O'Donnell, lately from New York & per
mitted by the president.
16, Silvester White (his mark), lately deserted from
the Brittish on York Island; permitted by the
Presdt.
29, John Keyser, deserted from the Brittish Army &
Hessian line 4 years past.
Aug. 3, William Blake, an inhabitant of Boston, on his
way to Newburyport, express for Donaldson & Co.
Timothy Hickey, says he deserted the Brittish
Service about four years ago.
5, John Wright, deserted from the enemy about three
years ago; by trade a Hoosier.
James Stokes, deserted from the enemy, hath re
sided in this City above two years; a dealer in
goods.
Samuel Read (his mark), deserted from the Brit
tish about eighteen months since; a wool card
maker.
Abraham King (his mark), deserted from the
enemy & hath resided in Philada. four years;
wool comber.
John Moore, deserted from the enemy about a year
& followed his trade of Taylor in Philada.
Christian Bush (his mark), deserted from the
enemy about 4 years. Cheap fitter in Philada.

( 76 )
1782.
Aug. 5, Charles Daniel Boos, deserted from the enemy
about 4 years and kept store in Philada. the last
year.
George Herfford, deserted about nine months
from the Brittish Service; by trade a Silversmith.
Johannes Loomsbach, deserted above two years
from the Brittish Service and hath resided that
time in Philada. Hostler.
Martin Christ (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service above four years; by trade a Hozier.
6, John Brown, deserted the Brittish Service about 4
years ago from the Hessian line.
Charleas Heatly, lately from St. Christophers;
Barrister at Law.
Peter Kemble, from St. Christophers, Mercht.
Hugh Moore, from St. Christophers, Mercht.
Jacob Jarvis, from Antigua, Mercht.
Thomas McClenney, from Antigua, Mariner.
George Read, from Antigua, Clark.
Conrad Hankel, late in the Brittish Service, a
waggoner & came to this City, about 4 years ago.
Francis Kreaning, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian Line at the Battle of Monmouth;
Shoemaker.
John Shee, deserted above three years from the
Brittish Service; hair dresser.
Henry Dewers, deserted the Brittish Service
above three years; shoemaker.
Valentin Schmitt, deserted the British Service
about four years; a barber.

( 77 )
1782.
Aug. 6, Francis Otto, deserted the Brittish Service about
4 years, a Hessian ; by trade a book-binder.
Johannes Parkmann, deserted the Brittish Ser
vice & Hessian Line about one year; by trade a
tanner & currier.
Johann Bishop, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line about one year; by trade a Shoe
maker.
George Todd, deserted the Brittish Service in
1777, by trade a Barber.
Fergus McCrea (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service about two years. Labourer.
James McMillen (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service near 4 years; by trade a Mason.
Peter Bruce (his mark), deserted the Brittish Sea
Service about six weeks; seaman.
Adam Opperman, deserted the enemy & Hessian
line about 4 years ; by trade a Weaver.
James Ronals, deserted the enemy about 2 years
past; labourer.
Francis Reynhart (his mark), a Hessian deserter
from Virginia; labourer.
William Garman (his mark), a Hessian deserter
from New York; Labourer.
7, Caspar Goldschmitt, a Hessian deserter from New
York about 4 years past ; schoolmaster.
Adam Cullman, a Hessian deserter from New
York lately ; Shoemaker.
Johan Michael Airhott, deserted the Brittish
& line of Anspach 2 years past.

( 78 •)
1782.
Aug. 7, Frederick Grunwold, deserted the Brittish &
Hessian Line from Virginia above one year; a
Baker.
Henry Blatterman, deserted the Brittish and
Hessian Line about 3 years from New York ; a
Baker.
Philip Smith.
John Durie (his mark), deserted the Brittish &
Hessian Line above 3 years; Labourer.
Daniel Bender (his mark), deserted the Brittish
& Hessian Line above 4 years past ; labourer.
Keneth McLean, a Scotchman, deserted the Brit
tish at the Battle of Monmouth ; labourer.
John Reynard (his mark), deserted the Brittish
from Virginia about two years ; Labourer.
Richard McGregor (his mark), a Scotchman, de
serted the Brittish at Stony Point in 1779.
Arthur Barns (his mark), an Irishman, deserted
the Brittish at Camden in Carolina in 1780.
John Martin Zipolt, deserted the Brittish ^Hes
sian Line at the Battle of Monmouth; Barber.
George Keidel (his mark), deserted the Brittish
on Long Island in April last; Baker.
Peter Davis (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army and Hessian line at Kingsb ridge last month.
Waldrop Sieman, deserted the Brittish Army &
Hessian line at Kingsbridge, 4 years past. Wheel
wright.
Godfried Wasphal, deserted the Brittish at
Gloster, a Hessian; Hozier.

( 79 )
1782.
Aug. 7, Jacob Ranganer (his mark), an Anspacher de
serted the Brittish at Kingsbridge near 3 years ;
Taylor.
John Lewis (his mark), deserted the Brittish at
Kingsbridge, February last, a Hessian ; labourer.
Bernhard Koehler, a Hessian, deserted the In
famous Arnold last year; loom weaver.
Anthony George, deserted the Brittish Army &
Line of Waldeckers about 4 years past ; a pedler.
William Koy (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army in Virginia about one year past; labourer.
Timothy Russegue, an American, deserted the
Brittish at Gloster in Virginia in 1781; labourer.
James Jackson, deserted the Brittish Army at
Gloster in Virginia in 1781; labourer.
8, James Boyle (his mark), deserted the Brittish Army
in 1778, a Scotchman; by trade a Weaver.
John McGregor (his mark), an Irishman, deserted
the Brittish Army at Kingsbridge in 1778;
labourer.
Michael Gehring, deserted the Brittish Army
last fall from Canada; labourer.
Daniel Vogel, deserted the Brittish Army at St.
Johns in Canada about a year past; labourer.
Georg Bruner, deserted the Brittish Service &
Line of Anspach last fall ; taylor.
Johan Hartlan, deserted the Brittish Army &
Line of Anspach from Virginia last fall ; brewer.
Johan Klein, deserted the Brittish Service & Line
of Anspach from Virginia last fall; blacksmith.

( 80 )
1782.
Aug. 8, John Robert (his mark), deserted the Brittisli
Service & Hessian Line; labourer.
James McMullen, deserted the Brittish Army
from York near 3 years past; labourer.
Lewis Ilgen, deserted the Brittish Service & Line
of Anspach from Kingsbridge; labourer.
William Esenbeck, lately deserted the Brittish
Service and Line of Anspach; labourer.
Gotfred Soytder, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line three years past; wheelwright.
Baltus Schunel, deserted the Brittish Service &
Line of Anspach in 1778 from Rodessland; House
carpenter.
9, Godfrey Rosenberger (his mark), deserted the
Brittish & Line of Hessians at Kingsbridge about
a year past; butcher.
Johann Scheiler, deserted the Brittish at Fort
Ann & the Hessian Line at Fort Ann above five
years past; labourer.
Peter Leech (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army from Jersey in 1778; labourer.
Augustus Kaje, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line above two years past; Shoemaker.
Ludwig Meayn, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line from Jersey last year ; wheelwright.
Friederich Middlehauser, deserted the enemy
& Hessian Line at Kingsbridge in Nov. 1779;
Skindresser.
Edward Ryan, deserted the Brittish Army at Mon
mouth in 1778; hairdresser.

( 81 )
1782.
Aug. 9, Christian Muller, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian Line in Virginia in 1781 ; Gardener.
George Eshrick (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service and Line of Anspach in Virginia this
year; gardener.
George Stear, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line at New York above two years past ;
a baker.
William McDonald, deserted the Brittish Army
at New York in Deer. 1781; Taylor.
10, Christian Kauch, deserted the Brittish Service,
a Brunswicker, in the year 1781 ; labourer.
Christopher Armstrong, deserted the Brittish
Army at Monmouth in the year 1778; labourer.
Francis Reed (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army at Virginia, May 17th 1782; labourer.
Heinrich Wiest, deserted from the Brittish Ser
vice & Hessian Line at Germantown in 1777;
Shoemaker.
Christian Friederich Reinbott, deserted the
Brittish Service & Hessian Line at Kingsbridge
in February 1782; Shoemaker.
Georg Adam Albert, deserted the Brittish Ser
vice & Hessian Line from Virginia last year;
Locksmith.
Anthony Powell, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian Line at Kingsbridge in 1781 ;
Sadler.
Richard Mandry, deserted the Brittish Army in
North Carolina in 1781; Shoemaker.

( 82 )
1782.
Aug. 10, William Hook (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army in the Jersey State 1778; Weaver.
Charles Hazley, deserted the Brittish Army in
Virginia, August 1781; Labourer.
Heynrich Heyneman, deserted the Brittish Ser
vice & Line of Anspach at York, Virginia in
1781; Potter.
Balthazer Dill, deserted the Brittish Service &
Line of Hessians at Brandy wine in 1777; Black
smith.
Johann Valtin Edeling, deserted the Brittish
Service & Line of Hessians at Kings Bridge in
the year 1781. Wheelmaker.
12, Lewis Price (his mark), deserted the Brittish Ser
vice & Hessian Line in Jersey 1778. Labourer.
Thomas Williams, deserted the Brittish Army in
North Carolina in 1781. Shoemaker.
Valentin Buchholtz deserted the Brittish Service
& Line of Hessians at New York about two
months past. Miller.
James Dunbar (his mark), Deserted the Brittish
Army in Jersey in 1778. Labourer.
Ludwig Dudengoss, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian Line at Kingsbridge in 1781. La
bourer.
Henry Heizer (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service & Hessian Line, at Charles Town in 1781.
Labourer.
Philip Kohr, deserted the Brittish Service & Hes
sian Line at Benington in 1778. Skindresser.

( 83 )
1782.
Aug. 12, Lawrence Eddleston, Deserted the Brittish Sea
Service from the Renown in 1779. Cheesemaker.
Gottlieb Anton, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line at Stony Point in 1779. Labourer.
Georg Rumel deserted the Brittish Service & Line
of Anspach at Rhode Island in 1778.
Thomas Hines (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army in Connecticut about three years past.
Labourer.
Caspar Miller, deserted the Brittish Service in
Virginia about one year, a Hessian; by trade a
Weaver.
Johannes Giessler, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian Line at New York March last. Weaver.
John Knowles (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army at Virginia in 1781. , Labourer.
Michael Daller, deserted the Brittish Army &
Hessian Line at Germantown in 1778. Taylor.
Johannes Otto, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line in South Carolina in 1781. Weaver.
John Muster, deserted the Brittish Service & Hes
sian Line at Staten Island about 3 years past.
Weaver.
Johann Lutz, deserted the Brittish Service & Line
of Anspach at Virginia in 1781. Baker.
Andreas Kipp, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line at New York about 2 months past.
Weaver.
Johann Glick, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line at New York last month. Labourer.

( 84 )
1782.
Aug. 12, John Eichhowser (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish Army in Virginia Septr. last. Tanner.
Ernst Endesruggern, deserted the Brittish Ser
vice & Hessian Line at Long Island three months
past. Shoemaker.
Christopher Tilman (his mark), deserted the
Brittish Service & Hessian Line at N. York
three years past. Cutler.
Hance Killamer (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service & Hessian Line at Kingsbridge last fall.
Labourer.
Henry Myers, late Surgeon's Mate, deserted in
May last from Long Island.
13, Vandel Stoup (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service & Hessian Line at Kingsbridge, January
1781. Labourer.
Jacob Francis, deserted the Brittish Army at
Monmouth in 1778. Mason.
Eobert Melvin (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army at Charlestown in 1781. Labourer.
George Walker, deserted the Brittish Army at
Kingsbridge in 1779. Labourer.
Johann Heinrich Wahl, deserted the Brittish
Service at Kingsbridge in 1781. Shoemaker.
14, Christian Keavort (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish Service & Hessian Line at Carolina Febr.
• 1782. Weaver.
George Anderson (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish Army at Virginia in 1781. Labourer.
John Miller (his mark), deserted the Brittish &
Hessian Line in Philada. 1778. Labourer.

( 85 )
1782.
Aug. 14, John Semple (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service in England, came to America & served
one year in the American Army. Labourer.
Peter Franses, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line at N. York in June last. Barber.
George Burnhouse (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish & Hessian Line in 1781. Carpenter.
John S palter (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service & Hessian Line in Jersey 1778. La
bourer.
William Berry, deserted the Brittish Army at
Statten Island in 1778. Labourer.
John Atkinson, deserted the Brittish Sea Service
& Ship Hussar at New York in 1779.
Felix Plain, deserted the Brittish Service at
Georgia in 1781. Baker.
Heinrich Albert, deserted the Brittish & Line of
Anspach in Virginia in 1781. Taylor.
Henry Demd (his mark), deserted the Brittish &
Hessian Line in Jersey in 1778. Labourer.
Zacarias Pittman (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish & Hessian Line at Jersey in 1778. Taylor.
Thomas Jackson (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army at New York in 1778. Brass founder.
Joseph White deserted the Brittish Army at N.
York 1778. Labourer.
Henry Harris (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army at New York in July last. Labourer.
Peter Shuchard, deserted the Brittish Army &
Hessian Line at N. York in 1779. Schoolmaster.

( 86 )
1782.
Aug. 14, Martin Casper, deserted the Brittish Army &
Hessian Line in 1778. Baker.
Gustav Clarck, deserted the Brittish Service &
Line of Anspach in Virga. in 1781. Labourer.
John Eundleman (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army & Hessian Line at New London in 1777.
Eope Maker.
John Harper (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army at New York in 1780. Labourer.
15, John Albert Shove (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish Service & Hessian Line in Jersey 1778.
Labourer.
William Shelvough (his mark), deserted the
Brittish Army at Virginia in 1781. Labourer.
Friederich Shuman, deserted the Brittish Army
in Philada. in 1778. Labourer.
Johann Heinrich Frichman, deserted the Brit
tish Service & Hessian Line in Jersey in 1778.
Labourer.
William Connell, deserted the Brittish Sea Ser
vice from the Hunter Sloop at Sandy Hook in
1779. Weaver.
James Eobinson, deserted the Brittish Army in
Jersey in 1778. Weaver.
John Blain (his mark), deserted the Brittish Army
in Philada. 1778. Labourer.
16, Jacob Shreiber, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line in Jersey in 1778. Labourer.
Wilhelm Cassellman, deserted the Brittish Ser
vice & Hessian Line in Jersey in 1780. La
bourer.

( 87 )
1782.
Aug. 15, Joseph Crook (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army at Kingsbridge in 1780. Weaver.
Thomas Hooker (his mark), who deserted the Brit
tish Army at Monmouth in 1778. Baker.
Matthias Eikhart (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish Service & Hessian Line at White Plains in
1778. Taylor.
Bernhard Shagert, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian Line at Philada. in 1778. Taylor.
Friederich Bloss, who deserted the Hessian Line
in Virginia in 1781. Taylor.
17, Conrad Leitshok, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian Line in March last from N. York.
Weaver.
Johannes Sautter, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian Line at Kingsbridge in July last.
Baker.
George Vensell (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service & Hessian Line at Kingsbridge in 1779.
Taylor.
George Stephnon (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service & Hessian Line in Jersey in 1778. La
bourer.
Jonas Havesstrick (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish Service & Hessian Line at Philadelphia in
1778. Labourer.
Conrad Gotlib (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army at the head of the Elk in 1777. Labourer.
Tictus Huntheimer (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish Service & Line of Anspach in Virginia 1781 .
Eope Maker.

( 88 )
1782.
Aug. 19, Frederick Deimling, deserted the Brittish Ser
vice & Hessian Line at Charlestown S. C. in 1780.
Organ Builder.
Thomas Sample, a Lieut., formerly in the Brittish
Service, from which he was discharged in Phila
delphia in 1777. Mariner.
John Douglass (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army in Philada. in 1777. Labourer.
John Assmus, deserted the Brittish Army in Jersey
in 1778. Locksmith.
Michael McMahon, deserted the Brittish Horse
at Kingsbridge in 1779. Hairdresser.
Maurice Barns, deserted the Brittisli Army in S.
Carolina in 1780. Taylor.
Samuel Casey (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army in S. Car. in 1781. Labourer.
Eobert Tiviman, deserted the Brittish Army from
Paulus Hook in 1780. Shoemaker.
James Boyl, who deserted the Brittish Army at
Dobbs' Ferry last month. Seaman.
Friederich Korloder, who deserted the Brittish
Service and Hessian Line last winter.
John Hamilton, deserted the Brittish Army &
train of Artillery at Monmouth in 1778. Minor.
Abraham Jagger, deserted the Brittish Army in
Jersey in 1778. Weaver.
John Cove, deserted the Brittish Army on the
Sarcy in 1778. Smith.
Heinrich Presuhn, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian Line at Monmouth in 1778. Shoe
maker.

( 89 )
1782.
Aug. 21, Joshua Kelsey, deserted the Brittish Army at
Stony Point in 1779. Shoemaker.
Johann Niemond, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line in Virginia 1781. Baker.
Marks McCarty, deserted the Brittish Army at
Long Island in the year 1782. Carrier.
Jonathan Carlin, deserted the Brittish Army &
train of Artilery at Kingsbridge in 1779. Hozier.
George Derry (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service & Hessian Line at Paulus Hook the 30th
of last month. Labourer.
22, Matthew Balam, took the Oath Decemr. 1778.
John May, deserted the Brittish Army at Long
Island in May last. Turner.
George Huggins, deserted the Brittish Sea Service
from New York in April last. House Carpenter.
23, John Eitgie, deserted the Brittish Service & Hes
sian Line in Jersey 1778. Carpenter.
24, Daniel Sinket, deserted the Brittish Army in
Jersey in 1778. Labourer.
26, Benjamin Dow, deserted from New York 18th inst.
Blacksmith.
David Howell (his mark), deserted from New
York 18th Inst. Blacksmith.
27, Thomas Cox, Escaped from N. York the 18th Inst.
Blacksmith.
John Midwinter, Escaped from New York the
18th Inst. Blacksmith.
28, JonN Spooner, who deserted the Brittish Army at
N. York the 15th Inst. Labourer.
M

( 90 )
1782.
Aug. 28, Jacob Zimmerman, deserted the Brittish Service
and Hessian Line in Virginia 1781. Weaver.
29, Adam Fritenheiler, deserted the Brittish Service
& Hessian line in Virginia in Septr. last. Baker.
30, Henry Queerfort, deserted Burgoyne's Army &
Hessian Line in 1778. Carpenter.
James Brunton, taken prisoner in the Brittish
Service in Jersey in 1781. Surgeon.
31, Peter Bleijer, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line in Virginia Octr. 1781. Butcher.
Peter Kemmel (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Service & Hessian Line at N. York July 1782.
Labourer.
Sept. 3, Valentine Bornman, deserted the Enemy & Hes
sian Line at Monmouth in 1778. Labourer.
5, William Eoberts (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army in Philadelphia June 1778. Labourer.
James Wiear, says he was prisoner with the Enemy
3 years & escaped from N. York 2 Inst. Taylor.
7, George Buch Jones (his mark), says he deserted
the Enemy at Canada from Carlton's Army in
1777. Carpenter.
Ferdinand Wagner, says he deserted the Enemy
in S. Carolina in 1781. Schoolmaster.
Gilbert Hunt (his mark), says he deserted the
Enemy in Virginia, Inlisted in Maryland & is
discharged. Labourer.
Conrod Dean (his mark), says he deserted the
Hessian Line at Fort Washington in 1771. La
bourer.

( 91 )
1782.
Sept. 11, Matthias Hohnersn, deserted the Enemy & Hes
sian Line in Georgia in March last. Comb
Maker.
William Thomas (his mark), deserted the Brittish
Army at Staten Island 8th Inst. Nailer.
12, Henry Osmos (his mark), says he deserted the
Brittish Army at Billingsport in 1777, a Han-
noverian.
13, Samuel Summers, deserted the Brittish Army in
Connecticut in 1779.
23, Kenneth Campbell, ") deserted from the Enemy at
Thomas Batley (his > Staten Island & from the
mark), J 22nd Eegt. Labourers.
24, William Smith, deserted the Brittish Line from
Staten Island 17th Inst.
25, Matthew Coulthurst, lately arrived in this City
from Nantz. Attorney at Law.
James Bowen, an Inhabitant of N. Y. lately made
his escape from thence. Joyner.
Frederic Graner, deserted the Enemy & Line of
Anspach at York Island 15th Inst.
Johann Friedelbach, deserted the Enemy & Line
of Anspach at York Island 15th Inst.
Oct. 3, Philip Lyon, Ship Captain belonging to Phila
delphia.
7, William Macpherson, Major in the American
Army since Sept. 1779.
8, Joseph Alston, a Native of Philada. in Martina,
on publick Service from 1776 to 1781.
William Huckel, deserted the Brittish Service in
Philada. in the year 1778. Upholsterer.

( 92 )
1782.
Oct. 8, John Duguid June., an Officer in the Pena. Line
in 1776, taken prisoner at fort Washington.
Kennedy McFarland, deserted the Brittish Ser
vice in Novemr. last.
George Eddy, lately arrived to the age of eighteen.
Affirmed.
10, Daniel Boland (his mark), deserted the Brittish
at the White Plains in 1776, served in the Ame
rican Navy & lately discharged.
14, David Denny, Midshipman on board the Mede
Frigate New York 1st Octor. Inst.
19, William Willson, deserted the Brittish Service
into which he was prest when prisoner at New-
York as he says.
William Downey (his mark), a prisoner at New
York, pressed from the prison ship & deserted.
Nov. 2, Johan Schneider deserted the Brittish & Hessian
Line near Kingsbridge in 1777. Surgeon's Mate.
5, Henry Hammer, deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line at Paul us Hook 1st Inst. Weaver.
Henry Oill, deserted the Enemy from York Island
the 1st Inst. Taylor.
Friederich Shmid, a prisoner of War, discharged
by the Council of State.
10, Conrod Luther (his mark), deserted the Enemy &
Hessian Line in Jersey in 1778.
13, John Andrew Luzer (his mark), deserted the
Enemy & Hessian Line at Paulus Hook 2d Inst.
Labourer.
Carl Beyer, who deserted the Enemy. Surgeon's

( 93 )
1782. Mate in the Hessian Line 3 years past, now mar
ried & settled in Northampton.
Nov. 21, Nicholas Downing, a seaman from Maryland on
his way to Ehode Island to which he belongs.
Daniel Platt, lately from Maryland on his way
to Connecticut to which he belongs.
22, Joseph Bidgood, lately arrived from Charlestown.
Dealer.
23, John McGouen (his mark), who deserted the Enemy
at Staten Island in Octr. last. Labourer.
25, Alexander Murphy (his mark), late Corporal in
the 40 Brittish Eegiment, deserted at Staten
Island 20th Inst. Labourer.
John Burrage (his mark), late Corpl. in above
regt., deserted same time. Weaver.
27, James Davis, who deserted the Brittish Service at
the head of the Elk in 1777. Labourer.
Henry Grant (his mark), says he deserted the
Enemy & Hessian Line at York Island 19th Inst.
Dyer.
30, Eobert Stewart, Mercht., lately from Ireland.
John Miller, who deserted the Brittish Service &
Hessian Line in Jersey 1778. Weaver.
Dec. 2, Eobert Sim, who deserted the Brittish Army at
New York the 13th Inst.
3, John Culnan, from the Kingdom of Ireland, Eesi-
dent in America about two years.
5, John Black, formerly in the Waggon Department
of this State.

( 94 )
1782.
Dec. 5, William Kelly, well recommended from State of
New Hampshire.
7, Andrew Cowie, a prisoner taken by the Brittish
at Pensacola. Escaped from N. York.
Francis Moussu Delonguay, native of France
lately arrived in this City. Mercht.
John Coffman, from Maryland with a pass, by
trade a tanner & currier.
11, Charles Einaldi, from Boston with a pass, on his
way to Baltimore on Station.
John Laycock, a Frenchman with a pass, from
Boston on his way to Baltimore.
14, Henry Hamilton, lately arrived in this City from
St. Kitts Via Edentown, N. Carolina. Mercht.
16, John Mears (his mark), deserted the Enemy in S.
Carolina in 1780. Labourer.
17, Caspar Schmidt, appears to have deserted the
Enemy & Hessian Line at York Island in 1779.
18, Wilhelm Sitzdorff, of the 60th Brittish Eegt.,
deserted at Long Island in October last.
Jomel Mentz (his mark), of the 60th Eegt., de
serted at Long Island in October last.
23, William Scott, taken prisoner by the Brittish at
Pensacola, escaped from N. Y. 19th Novr. last.
26, John Shields, deserted the Enemy from on board
the Lion Man of War at N. York 29th Novr.
last.
1783.
Jan. 30, Paul Weaver, who deserted the Enemy & Hessian
Line at Charlestown in 1780.

( 95 )
1783.
Jan. 31, Samuel Fraser, deserted the Brittish Army at
New York the 25th Inst. Labourer.
Daniel McCarter (his mark), deserted the Brit
tish Army at New York 25th Inst.
Feb. 6, James Anderson, deserted the Brittish from the
lines of New York in 1779. Labourer.
17, Henry Miller, a Hessian prisoner liberated.
20, Solomon Pendleton, belonging to the State of
New York with a pass from Justice Van Tassel
of Winchester, York State.
March 3, Magnus Miller, ) just arrived in this City after
William Miller, j absence of near eight years.
8, Martin Henry Sholtz, a Prussian, deserted
the Brittish Army about 4 years. Breeches
Maker.
14, Andrew Albers (his mark), of the Eegt. of
Eeidezel, a Prussian, late prisoner of war liber
ated.
15, John Pigisson, seaman, made his escape from the
Midstone Frigate at N. York.
April 1, Jonathan Davis, of the County Cumberland,
State of N. Jersey. Turner.
Daniel Smith, of said County & State. Car
penter.
3, Alexander Shlotman, a Hessian deserted from
the Enemy at Ehode Island in 1779.
May 12, Martin Shetler \ Germans born, deserted the
(his mark), > Brittish Army at Long Island
Martin Hager, ) the 25th of April last.
16, John Claude Laodie, deserted the Hessian Army,
served with the French General & discharged.

( '96 )
1783.
May 28, Johannes Stain Baugh, \ lately deserted the ene-
Justice Floak, > my & Hessian Line
Wilhelm Eudolph, j from New York.
June 5, John Keys, being taken prisoner & forced into the
Brittish Service in 1782, deserted the Man of War
last week.
James Nevil (his mark), formerly of Maryland,
taken prisoner by the Brittish at sea, was forced
into the Brittish Service & deserted the man of
war last week.
r, T ~ ) deserted the Brittish Armv
9, Johannes Shughart, I . TX _ . ^T J
T -r, > & Hessian Line at JNew
Jacob Baumgart, [ _t ,
J York.
12, James Delany, lately from Ireland.
17, A. J. Dallas, from the Island of Jamaica.
John Bentley, Idem.
19, John Nassau, a native of Philada., but pressed into
the Brittish Sea Service.
(Thomas Bell, late apprentice), see Oath of 1778.
20, Parry Hall, Printer.
21, Bogen, Doctr. ) Late of the Hessian Line & late]y
Grosse, Doctr. f from New York' bemS dls"
) charged.
24, Charles Crawford, Barrister at Law, lately
arrived in this City, from Antigua via New York.
25, Johan Martin Henderich, of the Hessian Line,
lately from New York. Joyner.
July 11, James Macombe, Mercht., late of London last from
New York.
Aug. 18, Stewart George Dallas, lately arrived from
Jamaica. Attorney at Law.

( 97 )
1783.
Aug. 19, James Carroll (his mark), Seaman for some years.
21, John Quinlen, formerly in the Sea Service, late
Captain of the Privateer Brigg Halker.
Martin Maher, lately arrived in this City from
Martinique via Boston.
27, Johann Grobey, of Anspach, lately deserted the
Brittish at New York.
Sept. 10, Henry Carlisle, lately from Ireland, a house Car
penter well recommended.
11, Johannes Ebert, deserted from the Hessian Army
& resident in this state three years.
18, Alexander Stewart, lately deserted the Brittifh
Army at New York.
24, Henry Weekes, formerly in the Brittish Service.
Oct.- 9, John Marsan, a native of France. Mercht.
14, James Johnston, a soldier discharged, made proof
that he took the Oath of Allegiance in 1777.
George Meade, took the Oath in 1777 as by testi
mony appears.
Zachariah Lesh, proves that he took the test
before me in 1777.
Eobert Morrell, an artificer in the American
Service, discharged.
Edward Whelan, a soldier in Pennsylvania Line,
discharged.
Eobert Taylor, of Philada. made proof that he
took the test in 1777 before me.
Eobert Smith, of Philada. took the test June 27
1777 before me.
N

( 98 )
1783.
Oct. 14, James Ames, of Philada. Blacksmith, proves that
on the 31st July 1777 he took the Oath of Alle
giance before me.
Nov. 3, Charles Hunter, lately arrived in this City from
Hampshire in Britain. Bricklayer.
21, John Veder, lately arrived in this City, a Native
of Eotterdam. Mariner.
28, Johannes Cress, lately arrived here from Amster
dam, a Baker by trade.
Dec. 1, John Adam Seitz, lately from Germany, by trade
a Miller.
5, Albert Warnick, deserted the Brittish Army at
New York. Sadler.
David Turner, late a prisoner of the Brittish
Army in this City, discharged.
8, Zeman Thomas Eede, Barrister at Law, lately
arrived in this City from London.
John Davan, Merchant, arrived in this City with
his family about 4 weeks from Dublin.
15, Jacob Lahn, lately at Baltimore from Amsterdam.
Linguister.
George Bender, a Hessian lately deserted from
New York. Taylor.
Frederick Molineux, of Philada. Mercht., took
the Oath of Allegiance 31st Augt. 1777.
1784.
Jan. 23, Lewis Hallam, lately arrived from Jamaica.
31, William Thompson, lately from Ireland. Mercht.
Feb. 10, Israel Goette, j Hessians lately
Loedwick Huvort (his mark), j from New York.

( 99 )
1784.
March 1, Peter Barriere, a native of France. Mercht.
5, John Hamilton, of Pennsylva., lately from London.
Attorney at Law.
22, Peter Markoe, Gentleman, lately arrived in this
City from the Island Santa Cruz.
April 8, Felix Brunot, native of France & a resident in
this City three years. Hair Dresser.
12, Johannes Fisher, a Hessian formerly in the Brit
tish Service.
Thomas White, formerly of the Brittish Army, now
resident in this City. Shoemaker.
Eichard Howell, Attorney at Law, a resident of
the Jersey State.
14, Thomas Carstairs, lately from London. House
Carpenter.
15, Joseph Allenspachern, lately from Germany.
Clockmaker.
21, John McIntosh, lately arrived from Scotland.
James Williamson, same.
May 28, John D. Haussman, a Dantzicker, lately from Lon
don. Mercht.
June 14, Archibald Bleakly, lately arrived from Ireland,
says about 15 months. Mercht.
17, John Eoof, late of the County of Bucks. Black
smith.
Isaac Frank.
Henry Greer, late Lieut, of the 4th Pennsa. Eegt.
David Eittenhouse, affirmed that in 1777, he took
& subscribed as by law required.
29, Joseph De la Croix, a native of France, arrived
here in January last.

( ioo )
1784.
June 30, Charles Van Eckhent, a Hollander by birth, bred
in France & resident in America 4 years.
(Eev.) John Campbell, of the Episcopal Church,
lately arrived in this City from London.
July 5, Stephen Sicard, a native of France & a resident
in this State 18 months.
Jan Christian Bruyn, Cook, of Saxe Gothia resi
dent here one year.
Frederick William Winckler, Farmer, late of
Germany & resident here six months.
8, Gottlieb Kinder, a German in the Brittish Ser
vice, deserted from Long Island.
14, Joseph Harrison, formerly a subject of Britain
lately from Charlestown. Mercht.
Thomas Vickers, formerly in the Brittish Service,
lately arrived in Philada. Taylor.
19, Jean Krop, a German discharged from the French
Army, by trade a Joyner.
Aug. 6, Christian Gottlieb Beme, a Saxon, a resident 3
years in America.
18, Maximilian Louis Alexandre De Cressy, a
native of France & resident in Philada. one year.
Mercht.
24, Joseph Honaker, of Moyamensing, & a Native of
this State. Lately come to the age of 21 years.
Sept. 28, Vincenzo Maria Pelosi, arrived in this City about
a year past. Mercht.
Oct. 1, Edward Allen, Mercht., arrived about five months
from Jamaica.
John Phillips, hairdresser, left Philada. in 1776 &
returned in 1783.

( ioi )
1784.
Oct. 1, Guy Bryan, arrived in this City from England in
Septr. 1783. Mercht.
William Falkener, Mercht., arrived in Philada.
in March last from England.
5, William Stiles, arrived in this City from London
above one year.
7, Eoger Prescott, Mercht., arrived in this City from
London in Febry. 1784.
8, William Cavenough, Conveyancer, took the Oath
in Virginia in 1778.
9, John Lentz (his mark), son of Henry Lentz of
Moyamensing, lately arrived to age.
Jonathan Worrell, Cabinet Maker, took the Oath
in 1777 as appears by Certificate worn out.
Caleb Evans, son of David Evans of this City,
lately arrived to Age.
James Hall, a native of Moreland lately arrived
to full age.
Daniel Boinod, a foreigner resident of this City a
full year.
Alexander Gaillard, resident as above.
David Everhard, Butcher, made Oath that he
took the Oath of Allegiance in 1777.
11, John Guier, son of Adam Guier of Kingsessing,
lately come of age.
Eobt. Smith Junr., son of Eobt. Smith, lately come
to age.
Benjamin Eogers, a Native lately arrived to the
age of 21 years. Shoemaker.
12, Peter Eeinhard, Son of Martin Eeinhard of

( 102 )
1784. Passiunk, lately come to age of 21 years. Wheel
wright.
Oct. 12, Peter Stanley, son of the late Vale. Stanley of
Philada., a freeholder.
Bartholomew Sims, a native of Chester County,
served Apprenticeship in this City, now 21 years
of Age.
Peter Field, makes Oath that he took the Oath
agreeable to Law in 1777.
Jacob Garand, of Philada. Taylor.
John Sadler, a native of Philada. lately come to
age of twenty one years.
Andrew Spence, Dentist, arrived in this City from
London in July last.
James Hoggen, late of the State of New York, a
resident in this City above three years.
Eobert Watts, of Philada. Cooper, made Oath that
in 1777 in Bucks County he gave the test of
Allegiance.
Frederick Esling, son of Paul Esling of Philada.,
a native come to age of 21 years.
William Levering, son of William of Eoxbury,
lately come to the age of 21.
Jacob Miller, lately arrived to full age. A native
of Germantown.
Frederick Dover, a native of Philada. lately come
to the age of 21.
James Tod, arrived in this City from Edinburgh in
Septr. 1783. Teacher of Languages.
Thomas Craig, took the Oath in 1777 & had a Cer
tificate which is lost.

( 103 )
1784.
Oct. 12, Benjamin Engle, a native of Germantown near 21
years of age.
Philip Peltz, a native of Passiunk, now 21 years
of age.
William Lockhart, arrived from Ireland, resident
in this City above one year.
T r, n . , x ) natives of Passiunk &
Jacob Cubler (his mark), (
--. -tt- ,-,. i \ r lately of the age of 21
Philip Young (his mark), ( J °
) years.
Joshua Vandegrift, a native of Bucks County,
lately come to the age of 21.
Joseph Keen, a native of Philadelphia lately come
to age.
Charles Todd, took the Oath in Maryland in 1777,
resident 3 years in this City.
William Brown, arrived in this City from England
near two years past.
Nicholaus Dill, formerly a Soldier in the Conti.
Army & State of New York, a native of this
City.
George Deamand, of Philada., Taylor, makes Oath
that he took the Oath in 1777.
Francis Cumfort (his mark), a Seaman, has resided
here two years.
Thomas Clark, resident in this city 4 years &
lately come to full age.
William Miller, a native of Maryland & resident
here above two years.
James Williams, a native of Philada., took the
Oath of Allegiance in Charlestown in 1778.

( 104 )
1784.
Oct. 12, Frederick Jude, a residenter in Philada. from a
Child, lately come to the age of 21 years.
Alexander Nimmo, resident a full year. Shoe
maker from Scotland.
Thomas McCulley, makes oath that he took the
test of N. Jersey in 1778.
Cornelius Bradley (his mark), in servitude in
1778, lately arrived to the age of 25 years.
Donald McDonald, a resident of Philada. who
neglected to take the test in due time.
Peter Victor Dorey, a native of France, resident
here above one year.
Henry Detterline, a native of Bucks County
lately come to the age of 21 years.
Isaac Coats, a native of the Northern Liberties,
now 23 years of age.
John Letchworth, from England, resident here 15
years, lately come to full age.
William Young, son of a Freeholder of this City,
late come to 21 years of age.
Thomas A. Morris, from Ireland, resident above
one year.
Matthew Brooke, native of Philada. County, resi
dent in this City lately. Affirmed. f
Joseph Mercier, a Foreigner, resident in this City
three years. Mercht.
Nov. 22, John Conrad Mits, Wine Mercht. arrived in this
City about 2 years past from Lubeck.
Dec. 9, JonN Child, house Carpenter arrived in this City
near two years past from England.

( 105 )
1784.
Dec. 13, James Berwick, late Lieut, in the Army of the
United States, made Oath that in the year 1778
before Justice Hubley of Lancr., he did take &
subscribe allegiance as by Law directed.
17, (Capt.) William Pinkerton, of the Ship William
& George.
27, Charles Paleske, lately arrived here from Dant-
zig. Mercht.
1785.
April 30, William Healy, Silver Plater, arrived from Dublin
in November last.
May 9, William Nathaniel Swain, lately arrived in this
City from Ireland.
18, Carl De Deke, lately arrived from Germany, pen-
maker.
June 17, Henry Kesler (his mark), a German, a resident of
this state about six years.
25, Eichard Lake, doctor of Law, lately arrived in
this City from the kingdom of Scotland.
James Stevens, arrived in this City about ten
months from England. Mercht.
July 20, James Pride, arrived here from Scotland in August
last. Chandler.
25, Zachariah Louriette, Mercht., from France,
having resided here above eighteen months.
Aug. 9, Joseph Ashworth a native of Virginia. Farmer.
17, Capt. Lewis Garanger, a native of France, resi
dent here & in the service of the States nine years.
23, Joshua Byron, from England, Mercht., says he has
resided here above two years.
o

( 106 )
1785.
Aug. 23, Thomas Seddon, from England, Mercht., says he
has resided here above two years.
25, Handy Pemberton, (affirmed,) Barrister at Law, *
Lately arrived from Dublin.
Sept. William Jackson McKenzie, lately from Ireland.
Mercht.
Thomas O'Neill, lately from Ireland. Mercht.
15, William Hugh, Breeches maker, from Scotland,
says above one year past.
26, John Davis, Upholsterer.
James King, from Virginia, late of New York.
Mercht.
29, Lloyd Wharton, a native of this City lately come
to the age of 21 years.
Oct. 8, Patrick Connelly, says he was a Sergeant in the
Maryland Line, was taken prisoner & inlisted in
the Brittish Service & deserted from them in the
year 1781.
William Young, Stationer, arrived in this City
from Scotland in June 1784.
(Annanias Cooper), swore allegiance 30th June
1777 as appears by a broken certificate.
Georg Kooper, proves that he took the test in
1777 & hath lost his certificate.
Edward Moyston, a foreigner, resident in this City
above five years.
George Moore, from Ireland, resident in this City
near two years.
Eichard Parker, a native of this City lately come
to full 'age.

( 107 )
1785.
Oct. 8, John Sellers Junr., lately arrived to the age of
21 years.
Thomas Steel, son of David Steel, lately arrived
to the age of 21 years.
Thomas Hood.
James Eoney, from Ireland, arrived here about 18
months.
10, Abraham Kintzing Junr., a native of Philada.
lately come to age.
Ephraim Ferguson, from Ireland, resident in this
City above one year.
Absalom Thomas, a native of Bucks County, lately
arrived in to full age.
John Carrin, maketh oath that he took the Oath
in Cumberland Co. before Squire Loughlin in the
year 1777.
Josiah W. Gibbs, came from Boston in the year
1779.
Peter Baynton, made Oath that he took Oath
before -me in 1777.
Matthew Graham, made Oath that he took the
Oath before me in 1777.
Joseph Thomas, of Lower Dublin, lately come to
full age. Affirmed.
Wm. Donovan, from Ireland, resident of this City
about two years.
Peter Scravendyke, Tallow Chandler, from Ire
land, resident of this City two years.
William Collins, Carpenter, from Ireland, resi
dent here near two years.

( 108 )
1785.
Oct. 10, Peter White, a native of this City, tinman, lately
come to full age.
John Brunstrong from Sweden, resident here
about 4 years.
11, Joseph Maffett (his mark), served apprentice in
this City, lately of full age.
Christopher Spitter, a German, resident here
near two years.
John Lackrum, makes Oath that he took the test
in 1777.
James Eyan, from Ireland, resident in this city
above one year.
Alexander McDonald, from Scotland, resident
above one year.
Samuel Simes, from London, resident above one year.
Martin Kubler, lately come of age.
Eccles Buchanan, from Ireland, resident here near
two years.
Samuel Lowrey, of the Jersey State, lately arrived
to full age.
James Wade, native of Philada., lately come to full
age.
Thomas Eandall, from London, resident here two
years.
Henry Town, a native of Philada., lately come to
full age.
John Johnson, from Ireland, resident here near
two years.
George White, from England, resident here near
two years.

( 109 )
1785.
Oct. 11, Jacob Eckstein, served apprenticeship here & lately
come of full age.
Joseph Lambeth, from England, resident here near
two years.
Eobert Brearly, from England, resident here four
years.
William McDermott, from the Jersey State, where
he took the Oath of Allegiance in 1777.
John Willson (his mark), from Ireland, served
apprentice in Chester Co. lately come to full age.
Frederick Burkhard (his mark), a native, served
apprentice in Philada., of age near 4 years.
John Walravin, a native of the Delaware State.
Jacob Taylor (his mark), a native of Philada., lately
come to full age.
E. Douglass, of Philada., Mercht., native of Penna.,
resident here 4 years & lately come to full age.
John Godshall, of Philada., now 25 years of age.
Samuel Harkness, from Ireland, resident here
above one year.
Alexander Symington, from Scotland, resident
above two years.
William Richardson, from Ireland, resident here
above one year.
Richard Denny, a native of Philada., now 22 years
of age.
Timothy Ryan, from Ireland, resident here near
27 years.
Church Clinton, from Ireland, resident above one
year.

( no )
1785.
Oct. 11, Gilbert Gaa, a native, resident in Philada. where
he served apprentice, lately of full age.
Thomas Maysey, took the test in Jersey in 1777 &
now before me.
Benjamin McElroy, served apprentice in this City,
late come to full age.
Christian Tullon (his mark), from Germany when
young, since resident of this State & lately come
to age.
Godfrey Tullon (his mark), same.
Conrad Roun, took the test in New York in 1777
& now before me.
Daniel Penington, proves that he took the Oath
before Justice Denci of Bucks Co. in the beginning
of 1778.
Ephraim Brown, makes Oath that he took the test
in Rhode Island & now before me.
Maurice Dickinson.
Duncan Montgomery, from Scotland, resident here
above one year.
John Hudson, from the State of Virginia, resident
in this City about 1 year.
William Smith, a native of Philada., lately come
to full age.
John Galvan.
James Gardette, from France, a resident in this
City above one year.
Israel Israel, with Certificate from the Delaware
State.
James Roberts, took the test in Maryland in 1780
& now before me.

( 111 )
1785.
Oct. 11, Thomas Brehnert (his mark), from England near
2 years.
John Baes, a foreigner, resident in this City near
two years.
George Harman, a native of Philada., lately come
to full age.
Conrad Garrett (his mark), a soldier in the Penna.
Line discharged on the peace.
George Harman, a native of this City, now of full
age.
William M. Biddle, a native of Philada., lately of
full age.
John Lynch, a native of Virginia, resident in this
City 2 years.
Marks John Biddle, a native of Philada., lately
come to full age.
John Goodman, a Native of Philada. Co., resi
dent of Philada., lately come to full age. Af
firmed.
John McKinsey, from Scotland, resident here one
year.
Jacob Lowden, a native of this City, lately of full
age.
Philip Defrancquen, from France, resident in this
City above one year.
Abraham Boyer, a native of Philada. County, resi
dent of this City & lately of full age.
Joseph Davis, a native of Philada., son of a free
holder & of full age.
James Mackay (his mark), a native of Philada.,
lately come to full age.

( 112 )
1785.
Dec. 8, John Richards Junr., Mercht., last from France,
resident in this City above three years.
27, William P. Harrison, arrived in this City October
1784. Printer.
Carsten Winckel, lately arrived in this City from
Amsterdam. Ship Carpenter.
1786.
Jan. 7, Peter Ligaux, a native of France, lately from the
West Indies.
Feb. 3, John Sainton, arrived in this City from Corsica
about three years past.
Francois Serre, arrived in this City from France
above two years.
Vincent Ducomb, arrived in this City from France
above two years past.
Henry Sternbak, a German, arrived in this City
near two years past.
March 17, Robert Buntin, a native of Ireland, resident in
this City about 8 years.
April 3, Jacque Sallier, from France, resident here above
two years. Taylor.
12, John Crawford, from Ireland, resident here above
three years.
May 8, David Clark, from Scotland, resident near one
year. Coachmaker.
Robert Nicol, from Scotland, Coach Maker,
resident here near two years.
Thomas Lang, from Scotland, resident here near
two years.
John Fineton, from Scotland, Carpenter, resident
here above one year.

( 113 )
1786.
May 8, John Dun, from Scotland, Carpenter, resident here
near one year.
John Anderson, from Scotland, resident in this
State one year.
John Nicolson, from Scotland, storekeeper, resi
dent in this City near two years.
Robert Johnston, from Scotland, Baker, resident
of this State near two years.
Robert Oswald, from Scotland, House Carpenter,
resident here above one year.
James Cowan, from Scotland, blacksmith, resident
here above six months.
Andrew Duffus, from Scotland, Shoemaker, resi
dent in this City Eighteen months.
Benjamin James, late of London, Mercht., resident
in this City above two years.
June 6, Andrew Werrebrouek, late of Flanders, Mercht.,
resident here near one year.
7, Peter L. Cailleau, late of I landers, Mercht.,
lately arrived in this City.
July 11, Robert E. Pine, late of London, Painter, resident
here about 2 years.
12, Jean Baptiste Lemaire, Mercht., from French
Flanders, resident here above one year.
Adrien Joseph Lubrer, from French Flanders,
Mercht., lately arrived in this City.
Aug. 29, Nicola Mansai, hatmaker, arrived here from France
one year past.
Sept. 2, Thomas Ryan, breeches maker, from Ireland, arrived
in this City about two years.
p

( 114 )
1786.
Sept. 23, James Rees, of Philada., lately arrived to full
age.
26, Benjamin H. Smith, of the Township of Blockley,
lately arrived to full age. Affirmed.
30, Thomas Hurley, arrived in this City from Ireland
above two years past.
Oct. 3, George Rudolph, of Philada., Rope Maker, lately
arrived to full age.
Joseph Hodgson, a native of the Delaware State,
hatter, now near 20 years of age.
Joseph Kresson, of this City, Rope Maker, a free
holder, lately come to age.
James Stewart, arrived in this City from Ireland
about two years, by trade a blacksmith.
John Snyder, maketh Oath that in the year 1777
he took the Oath as by law directed before me.
Christopher Ford, Wheelwright, a Native of the
City, lately come to Age.
Robert Paisley, swears that at Bristol in Bucks
County, he gave test of his allegiance in 1777.
David McCall (his mark), blacksmith, arrived in
this City from Ireland about two years.
9, Leonard Altemus, Taylor, a native of Philada.,
lately come to full age.
James Anderson, of Philada. Mariner, proves that
he took the Oath in 1777 & had a certificate.
Joseph Mussi, from Italy, arrived in this City two
years past.
John Summers, Shoemaker, arrived in this City
from Scotland two years past.

( 115 )
1786.
Oct. 10, Benjamin Harbeson Junr., Mercht., lately come
to age.
Peter Thomas, Trader, arrived in this City from
France above one year past.
Frederick Hyneman, by his Certificate shows that
he took the test 30 June 1777.
Robert K. Moore, of Philada., Mercht., lately
arrived to full age.
William Forgey, Taylor, arrived in this City from
Ireland three years past.
Thomas Albertson, of Philada., Skindresser, lately
come to full age.
Thomas Sisson, Conveyancer, arrived in this City
from England above two years.
Lewis Evans of this City, silversmith, lately of full
age.
Christopher. Smith, proves he took the test in
1777.
Jonathan Smith Junr., of Philada., Gent., lately
arrived to full age.
George Smith, Currier, arrived in America from
Scotland above one year.
Philip Dunn, native of Philada., lately come to full
age.
Jacob Wonderly, of Philada., Butcher, lately come
to full age.
William Owens, house carpenter, arrived in this
City from Ireland above two years.
Jabez Emory, came to this City from Maryland
when he took the test, resident here above 2 years.

( 116 )
1786.
Oct. 10, Alexander Grant, House Carpenter, arrived here
from Scotland above two years.
Robert Blackie, blacksmith, come to this City
above two years past.
William Sothern, of this City, Mariner, resident
here above one year.
Robert Lumsden, of Philada., Taverner, proves
that he took the test in 1777.
Elias Boys Junr., of Southwark, a native lately of
full age.
Manuel Antony, native of Spain, Mariner, resident
here five years.
Thomas Wynn, of the Township of Blockley, lately
come to Age.
John Carothers, taylor, arrived in this City about
three years past.
Chas. McKiernan, Mercht,, arrived in this City
from Ireland full twelve months.
Patrick Glyn, Taylor, arrived in this City above
two years past.
Oliver Pollock, of this City, Gent., arrived here
from Havana near 2 years.
David Newel (his mark), of Northern Liberties,
lately come to full age.
Joseph Jordon, ofthe Northern Liberties, Plasterer,
a Native lately come to full age.
James Hoofman (his mark), of the Northern Liber
ties, Turner, lately come to full age.
Michael Haines, of the Northern Liberties, lately
come to full age.

( 117 )
i 786.
Oct, 10, John Mingle, of the Northern Liberties, Black
smith, lately come to full age.
John Kinsel, of the Northern Liberties, Black
smith, native, lately of full age.
Cadwalader Griffith, Shoemaker, lately come to
full age.
Laurence Lotie, barber, arrived in this City from
France about 5 years past.
Charles De Grofey, Mercht., arrived here from
France above three years past.
Peter Andrews, Cordwainer, a native of this City,
lately come to full age.
William Bandonine, a native of New York,
resident of this City two years, lately of full
age.
John Fitzsimons, came to this City from Ireland
about two years past.
William Ferguson, arrived here where he has
resided near three years.
Nicholas Hess, Blacksmith, a Native of this State,
lately of full age.
John Hess, Blacksmith, a native of this State, lately
of full age.
Elsha Hague, a Native of Philada., lately come to
full age.
12, Julius Maner, late a Hessian Soldier who hath
served three years in the Army.
1787.
Jan. 31, James Yard, a Native of this State, lately of full
age.

( 118 )
1787.
March 3, Thomas Craig, arrived in this City from Ireland in
the year 1783, by trade a House Carpenter.
May 7, William Cunningham, Stone Cutter, came to the
City from London in the year 1783.
Sept. 6, Angus Taylor, Shoemaker, arrived in this City
from Scotland above two years.
1788.
Sept. 19, George Greer, arrived in this City from Ireland
in the year 1784.
23, John Briggs, Glover, lately from London.
27, Thomas Coats, Clock & Watch Maker, arrived in
this City from Scotland in 1788.
Oct. 11, William Anderson, of this City, hair dresser, who
took the Oath of Allegiance in 1777.
13, Frederick Conyngham, arrived in this City in
Septr. 1787. Mercht.
14, John Simter, formerly a Dragoon in the Service of
the United States.
John Ebalt, late a Soldier in the American Army.

INDEX TO HISTORY.

Adams, John, his resolution in favor of creating independent State Govern
ments . . . xiii
Afflick, Thomas, arrested ....... xxi
Allegiance — Oaths and declarations of — For the support of British Govern
ment denounced by Congress — Grand Jurors' oath incompatible with
opposition to the King . . xiii
Religious test adopted ...... xiv
Justices of Peace oaths of renunciation and allegiance — Religious test
for members of the State Assembly — Objections to it sv
Testimony of Quakers against the test, December, 1776 xvi
State Navy Board refuses to take oath of allegiance to State — Offer to
take oath in favor of United States . . xvi
Test and oath of allegiance of 1777 . xvii
Preanible to the act — Form of the oath . . xviii
Penalties against persons who will not take the oath . xix
Whigs flock in to take the oath . xx
Time for taking oath extended ..... xxiu
Persons in certain professions prohibited from following them without
taking the oath — Penalty for not taking the oath xxiv
Protests of Quakers against the oath . . . xxv
Further extension of time to take the oath — Pardon of persons pertina
ciously refusing to take the oath, 1778 . xxvi
Opposition of Quakers to the test, 1779 .... xxvii
Proposition to abolish test laws, 1784, lost — Resolution to allow young
men who arrived at 18 years since the passage of the law to take the
oath — Referred to a committee ... ... xxxiii
Non-jurors petition for rights of citizenship, referred — Proposition to
exclude from citizenship all who aided the King of Great Britain in
the late war, carried — Proposition to bring in a bill to entitle any one
to take the oath of allegiance, carried — attempt to pass the bill — break
ing up of the Assembly — nineteen members secede . . xxxiv
Protest of the seceders — George Gray's (Speaker) address against seced
ers — reasons why test laws should be repealed
Petitions by Non-jurors, 1785 — General Anthony Wayne favors them,
Committee appointed — Bitter report against the Non-jurors .
Arguments in favor of the oath — The report adopted — New petition of
Non-jurors, 1785 .......
Executive Council recommends abolition of the test laws — passage of Act
of 1786 limited in terms ......
Dissatisfaction of the Non-jurors — Remonstrances in 1787 — Report of
committee in favor of unconditional repeal — passage of an amended
act — Quakers dissatisfied with it — Proceedings against two Grand
Jurors xl
Q

XXXV
xxxvi
xxxvii
xxxviii xxxix

122

INDEX TO HISTORY".

PAOE
Allegiance — Report in favor of repeal, 1788 .... xii
Final repeal of the test laws — Religious test in Constitution of 1776 re
pealed by Constitution of 1790 . . . xiii
See also "Quakers," "Tories," "Associators."
Allen, Andrew, attainted xxiii
Allen, Jno., attainted xxiii
Asheton, Thos., arrested ..... xxi
Ashmead, Samuel, candidate for Assembly, favorable to Non-jurors, 1784,
defeated .... ... xxxvi
Assembly of Pennsylvania under the crown — Distrusted at the commence
ment of the Revolution — Authorizes raising troops vii
Measures taken to supersede it . xiii
Its dying protest ..... xiv, xv
Assembly of the State under the new Constitution xv
Meets at Lancaster . . . xxii
Interrogatories to a committee of Quakers . . xxiv
Queries to Quakers petitioning against test laws in 1779 xxvii
Unsatisfactory reply ....... xxviii
Broken up in 1784 upon attempt to pass laws for relief of Non-jurors xxxiv
See "Allegiance," "Quakers."
Associators — Volunteer militia . . viii, ix
Dissatisfied with Assembly in 1776 — Protest against allowing Assembly
to choose their Generals — Circulars issued calling Convention at Lan
caster . . xii
Brigadier-Generals elected ... . . xiii
In iavor of suppressing old Provincial Assembly — Conference at Carpen
ter's Hall — Provincial Convention to form Constitution recommended —
Religious test adopted . . ... xiv
Not reliable troops — Desertions when at Amboy — City Troop at Prince
ton, N. J. — Superseded by militia under a general law xvii
Attainder Act of 1778 xxii
Bergum, John, his recantation viii
Biddle, John, attainted xxiii
Bond, Phineas, arrested xxi
Brown, Elijah, arrested ..... xxi
Byberry — Scarcity of persons who had taken the oath, 1785 xxxviii
Coats, William, elected to Assembly on anti-Non-juror ticket, 1784 xxxvi
College and Academy at Philadelphia — Charter taken away . . xxii
Committees — City and County — Manage local affairs at beginning of Revo
lution ... .... vii, viii
Committee of Inspection, Philadelphia, attack the authority of the King's
Judges . . xiii
Coombe, Rev. Thomas, arrested xxi
Permitted to go to St. Eustatia . xxii
Confiscation of traitors' estates authorized . . . xxiii
Congress recommends formation of State Governments xiii
Convention to frame Constitution — Proceedings of, 1776 xiv
Council of Safety appointed .... xiv
Crathorne, Joseph, a Tory, ordered to leave Pennsylvania xxxii
Drinker, Henry, arrested . . xxi
Duch6, Rev. Jacob, Jr., attainted xxiii

INDEX TO HISTORY. 123

PAGE

Eddy, Charles, arrested . . ... xxi
Emlen, Caleb, arrested — Took the oath . . . xxi
Emlen, Samuel, Jr., arrested . . . xxi
Ewing, James, elected Brigadier-General

xni

xxi

Faro, Lancelot, a Tory, ordered to leave Pennsylvania . xxxii
Faro, Thomas, a Tory, ordered to leave Pennsylvania . xxxii
Fenner, Lawrence, a Tory, ordered to leave Pennsylvania xxxii
Fisher, Jabez Maud, compelled to state who wrote a certain letter viii
Fisher, Joshua, arrested xxi
Fisher, Miers, arrested . xxi
Fisher, Thomas, arrested .... . . xxi
Fitzsimons, Thomas, candidate for Assembly, favorable to Non-jurors 1781,
defeated . . xxxvi
Fouts, Christian, attainted xxiii
Fox, Joseph, arrested . . ...
Francis, Tench, attorney for the Penn family, applies for restoration of thei:
rights ....... xxxv
Franklin, Benjamin, President Convention to form State Constitution . xiv
President Supreme Executive Council — Recommended abolition of the
test laws, 1785 ..... xxxix
Fleeson, Plunket, Commissioner to receive oaths of allegiance xxvi
Friends, see " Quakers."
Galloway, Joseph, attainted ...... xxiii
Garrigues, Jacob, Assistant Secretary Convention to form State Constitution xiv
Gibbons, Abraham, one of a Committee of Quakers xxiv
Gilpin, Thomas, arrested xxi
Dies in exile in Virginia . . . . . . xxvi
Gratz, Bernard, of Jewish Congregation, protests against religious test xxxii
Gray, George, Speaker of the Assembly, 1784 — Censures the seceders xxxv
Halliday, Robert, of Duck Creek, writes an obnoxious letter viii
Hart, Joseph, Vice President State Conference xiv
Hicks, Gilbert, attainted . . . xxiii
Howell, Isaac, Commissioner to receive oaths of allegiance xxvi
Hunt, John, arrested . . xxi
Dies in exile in Virginia . . xxvi
Husband, Joseph, one of a Committee of Quakers xxiv
Imlay, William, arrested xxi
Released on parole . . xxii
Jackson, James, one of a Committee of Quakers . . xxiv
Jackson, Samuel, ordered to be arrested — Not found . xxi
Jackson, William Jr., one of a Committee of Quakers xxiv
James, Abel, arrested .... xxi
James, John, ordered to be arrested — Not found xxi
Jervis, Charles, arrested .... xxi
Jews — Protest against religious test in acknowledging the New Testament,
1783 ... . xxxii
Jones, Norris, Quaker Grand Juryman, fined xii
Jones, Owen, Jr., arrested xxi

124 INDEX TO HISTORY.

Juneken, Herr, his recantation . . ix
Justices of Peace appointed xv
Keen, Reynold, attainted .... . xxiii
Knox, David, Commissioner to receive oaths of allegiance . . xxvi
Kuhn, Dr. Adam, arrested — Produced proof that he had taken the oath —
discharged . . xxi
Lennot, William, arrested xxi
Lennox, David, arrested xxi
Levy, Mordecai, his recantation . . viii
Lindley, Jacob, one of a Committee of Quakers xxiv
Loosely, Thomas, is " exalted" . . viii
McKean, Thomas, President State Conference . . xiv
Chief Justice, fines two Quakers who had not taken the affirmation of
allegiance ... xl, xii
Marshall, Christopher, extract from his diary . . . viii
Matlack, Timothy, Secretary of Committee of Inspection ix
Mifflin, Warner, one of a Committee of Quakers . xxiv
Miles, Col. Samuel, Chairman of a meeting against Tories, 1783 xxx
Militia law of 1777 ..... xvii
Mitchell, James, a Tory, ordered to leave Pennsylvania . xxxii
Moderates agree with the views of the Tories ' xiii
Moor, John, Commissioner to receive oaths of allegiance xxvi
Morris, John, Secretary Convention to form State Constitution . xiv
Morris, Robert, his amendment to Act modifying test laws in 1786 xxxix
Morris, Samuel Cadwalader, Secretary State Conference xiv
Murdock, Samuel, arrested . ... xxi
Myers, Asher, of Jewish Congregation, protests against religious test xxxii
Nathan, Simon, President Jewish Synagogue, protests against religious test xxxii
Oath — See "Allegiance."
Ord. George, Commissioner to receive oaths of allegiance xxvi
Ozeas, Peter, begs pardon for increasing price of coffee ix
Pemberton, Israel, arrested xxi
Pemberton, James, arrested xxi
Pemberton, John, arrested .... „ xxi
Penn, John, Senr., applies for restoration of his rights . xxxv
Penn, John, Jr., applies for restoration of his rights xxxv
Penn, Richard, applies for restoration of his rights xxxv
Pennington, Edward, arrested ...... xxi
Pettit, Charles, elected to Assembly on anti-Non-juror ticket, 1784 . xxxvi
Pike, Thomas, arrested . xxi
Pleasants, Samuel, arrested xxi
Potter, John, attainted ...... xxiii
Putnam, Gen. Israel, his testimony as to inefficiency of Associators xvii
Quakers, opposed to war and favor the Royal cause v
Lose their power in Pennsylvania . vi

INDEX TO HISTORY.

125

Quakers — Testimony in favor of the King's Government, 1776 — Satire
upon American liberty in 1776 . . x
Testimony against tests and in favor of the King's Government, Decem
ber, 1776 ...... . xvi
Complaints of seizures of their goods for military purposes — Their win
dows broken because they will not recognize public last days — Abused
because they would not illuminate their houses on the 4th of July —
Quakers and Tories arrested by order of Congress . xx
Sent to Winchester, Va. ..... xxi
A committee ask leave to lay their sufferings before Assembly xxiv
Queries as to their loyalty — Evasive reply — Protest by, against oath of
allegiance .... . xxv
Petition for return of exiles in Virginia . . xxv
Release and return of the persons who were banished . . xxvi
Testimony of 1779 against the test laws — Memorial to the Assembly —
Queries put by Assembly to the Quakers regarding their loyalty . xxvii
Evasive reply ... . . xxviii
Dissatisfied with Act of 1786 — Two Quaker Grand Jurymen fined xl, xii
Quee, Seth, Commissioner to receive oaths of allegiance . xxvi
Rankin, James, attainted ...... xxiii
Rawlings, Captain Thomas, a Tory, ordered to leave Pennsylvania xxxii
Richards, John, Commissioner to receive oaths of allegiance xxvi
Roberdeau, Daniel, elected Brigadier-General . . xiii
Roberts, George, arrested . xxi
Roberts, Hugh, arrested . xxi
Ross, George, Vice President Convention to form State Constitution xiv
Salomon, Haym, of Jewish Congregation, protests against religious test xxxii
Seixas, Ger, Rabbi of Jewish Synagogue, protests against religious test xxxii
Shee, Lieut. Col. John, Chairman of a Meeting against Tories, 1783 xxx
Secretary of another meeting xxxi
Shoemaker, Samuel, arrested xxi
Attainted ... ... xxiii
Sitgreaves, William, begs pardon for exceeding regulation price of coffee ix
Smith, Jonathan B., Secretary State Conference . xix
Commissioner to receive oaths of allegiance xxvi
Smith, Rev. William, arrested xxi
Smith, William, (broker,) arrested xxi
Smith, William Drewett, arrested . xxi
Stedman, Alexander, arrested xxi
Stedman, Charles, Jr., arrested xxi
Test, Religious, adopted by Conference of Associators xiv
Tories — A powerful minority in Pennsylvania vi
Kept down by committees
Recantations by ......
Favor the continuance of the Assembly of 1775-6, as State Government
Insolence of — Test and oath of allegiance demanded in consequence
Several Tories arrested by order of Congress — Sent to Winchester, Vir
ginia . ......
Certain privileges guaranteed by Provisional Treaty with Great Britain —
Resolves of the Philadelphia militia against them — Meetings concern
ing the same . ...

vn, vm, ix, x
xiii
xvii

126 INDEX TO HISTORY.

Tories — Resolution that certain Tories shall withdraw from Philadelphia in
ten days ........ xxxi
Tories — See "Quakers," "Allegiance," "Associators," "Assembly."
Vernon, Nathaniel, attainted xxiii
Warder, Jeremiah, arrested . . xxi
Wayne, Gen. Anthony, favors the petitions of Non-jurors for repeal of test
laws, 1785 . xxxvi
The result . . . xxxvii
Wickersham, Amos, his recantation vii
Wharton, Thomas, Senr., arrested xxi
Young, James, Commissioner to take oaths of allegiance . . xxvi
Young, Thomas, a Tory, ordered to leave Pennsylvania xxxii

INDEX OF NAMES.

Note. — The names in italics are those who did not subscribe to the Oath, but who
are mentioned incidentally.

PAGE

FAOE

Ackley, Daniel

71

Armet, John

48

Adams, Christopher

59

Armitage, John

42

Adams, John

28

Armitage, Shewbart

53

Adams, Jonathan

24

Armstrong, Christopher

SI

Adams, Thomas

28

Armstrong, James

Hi

Adcock, [Justice)

30

Armstrong, John .

13

Ahl, Johan Peter .

64

Armstrong, William

52

Airhott, Johan Michael

77

Arndt, Jacob

2

Aitken, Andrew

26

Arnold, (Gen.)

79

Akely, Abraham

12

Ash, Caleb

30

Albers, Andrew

95

Ash, Jacob

38

Albert, George Adam

81

Ashton, William .

54

Albert, Heinrich

85

Ashworth, Joseph

105

Albertson, Thomas .

115

Assmus, John

88

Alborn, Imanuel Jacob .

48

Atchison, William

72

Alhrecht, William

4

Atkinson, John

85

Albright, Jacob

6

Attkinson, George

3

Alenby, James .

67

Avered, Seth

20

Alexander, Alexander .

58

Alexander, William .
58
Backius, Godfrey
12
Allen, Edward
100
Baes, John
111
Allen, John
22
Baker, Christopher
4,36
Allen, John
40
Baker, Jacob
19,41
Allenspacher, Joseph
99
Baker, Johannes Hilarius
42
Alston, Joseph
91
Baker, John
20
Altemus, Leonard
114
Baker, Samuel
5
Ames, James
98
Baker, Samuel
20
Amos, Jacob
4
Baker, William
14
Amos, Jacob
5
Ballam, Matthew
24,89
Amos, John
4
Bandonino, William
117
Anderson, George .
84
Bankson, Jacob
14
Anderson, James
95
Bankson, William
30
Anderson, James
114
Barber, William
07
Anderson, John
14
Barclay, Alexander
11
Anderson, John
113
Barclay, John
11
Anderson, Joseph
31
Bardeek, Georg
59
Anderson, William
118
Bare, Jacob,
18
Andrews, John .
4
Bare, John, .
16
Andrews, Peter
117
Bare, John,
18
Anton, Gottlieb
83
Barge, Jacob
58
Antony, Manuel
116
Barnes, Cornelius
41
Appel, Daniel
21
Barnhill, Daniel .
03
Apt, George
12
Barnhill, John, Junr.
50
128

INDEX OF NAMES.

PAGE

PAGE

Barns, Arthur

78

Bishop, Johann

77

Barns, Cornelius

73

Bitters, Charles

57

Barns, Daniel

60

Black, John

93

Barns, Maurice .

88

Blackie, Robt. .

no

Barns, William

37

Blain, John .

80

Barr, Jacob

42

Blaine, Ephraim

28

Barriere, Peter

99

Blake, William

75

Bass, Robert

17,36

Blatterman, Henry .

78

Bastian, Wilhelm

43

Blatzer, Charles

61

Bates, George

36

Bleakly, Archibald

09

Batley, Thomas

91

Bleijer, Peter

00

Baumgart, Jacob

96

Bloss, Friederich

87

Baynton, Peter

58, 107

Blunt, Stephen

20

Beackley, Christian

8

Blutzer, Carl

11

Beaks, John .

12

Boatman, Philip

00

Beale, William

43

Bogen, (Doctr.) .
Boinod, Daniel

90

Bealer, David

56

101

Bealert, Jacob

37

Boland, Daniel

92

Becher, Jacob

4

Bolter, Joseph

48

Bechtel, Georg

10

Bond, George

23

Beck, John .

17

Booker, Thomas .

. 51, 66

Beck, Thomas

12,69

Boos, Charles Daniel

76

Beck, Thomas

36

Bornman, Valentine

90

Beckley, Daniel .

69

Bost, Jacob

14

Beckman, Johan Conrad

64

Boulter, Benjamin

13

Bedford, Gunning

8,38

Boulter, Joseph

59

Bedford, Joseph

19

Bourne, Thomas

6

Bedford, Peter .

19

Boutman, Philip

60

Beech, Edmond, Junr. .

40

Bowen, James

91

Beekman, Gerard William

42

Bower, Charles .

o

Bell, George

8

Bower, Francis

47

Bell, James

69

Bower, Jacob

04

Bell, John

5

Boyer, Abraham

111

Bell, Robert

20,42

Boyl, James

88

Bell, Thomas .

. 27, 96

Boyle, James

79

Bell, William

23

Boyle, Peter

13

Beme\ Christian Gottlieb

100

Boys, Elias, Junr. .

110

Bender, Daniel .

78

Bradford, William

24

Bender, George

98

Bradley, Cornelius

104

Benezet, Daniel

16

Brady, Samuel

27

Benner, Martin

3

Brand, Andrew

2,30

Bensted, Alexander

28

Brearly, Robert

109

Bentley, Felix

46

Brehnert, Thomas .

111

Bentley, John

96

Brethower, Cooper

47

Berry, William

85

Brian, George

40

Berwick, James

105

Brice, John

27

Beyer, Carl .
Biddle, Marks John

92

Briggs, John .

118

111

Brittin, John

10

Biddle, William M.

111

Brodie, Alexander

08

Bidgood, Joseph

93

Brooke, Matthew

104

Bigony, John

6

Brookes, John

45

Bigony, Joseph .

6

Brown, Ephraim

110

Baron v. Bilow, Carl Ludewig

00

Brown, Johann Conrad

5

INDEX OF NAMES.

129

Brown, John

PAGE 37

Carrin, John

PAGE 107

Brown, John

76

Carroll, James

97

Brown, Samuel Montgomery

71

Carstairs, Thomas

99

Brown, William .

57

Carter, Thomas

9

Brown, William

103

Cartwright, Edward .

14

Brown, William Montgomery

74

Caruthers, James .

12

Bruce, Peter

77

Casey, Samuel .

88

Bruner, Georg

79

Casper, Martin

so

Brunot, Felix .

99

Cassellman, Wilhelm

SO

Brunstrong, John .
Brunton, James

. 108

Caster, Jacob,

7

90

Causten, Isaac .

13

Bruyn, Jan Christian

. 100

Cavanaugh, Edward

41

Bryan, George

2

Cavenough, William .

, 101

Bryan, Guy .

. 101

Cecil, Charles

38

Bryan, John

19

Chain, William .

7

Bryarly, John

26

Chandler, George

. 3, 37

Bryce, John / .
Buchanan, FJccles .

27

Channell, Samuel

56

108

Channell, Thomas .

63

Buchholtz, Valentin .

82

Chapman, Benjamin, Junr.

53

Budden, William

13

Chevilier, Christian

11

Bulkely, Joseph

64

Child, John

104

Buntin, Robert

. 112

Christ, Martin

. 65, 76

Burgoyne, Gen.
Burkhard, Frederick

90

Christian, Frederick .

70

. 109

Christy, James

5

Burklae, Jacob .

41

Chrystie, James

27

Burly, Christopher

63

Chrystler, Jacob

10

Burn, Joshua

62

Clackner, George

20

Burnes, John

36

Clampffer, Adam
Clarek, Gustav .

30

Burnhouse, George

85

SO

Barrage, John

93

Clark, Christopher

00

Bush, Christian

75

Clark, David

112

Byron, Joshua

105

Clark, Michael

47

Clark, Thomas

103

Cailleau, Peter L.

113

Clark, William

42

Cain, Michael

69

Clark, William

55

Calb, Jacob

72

Clauzer, Philip

9

Calbanan, John

51

Clay, Jonathan .

14

Caldwell, James

16

Claypoole, George

18, 27, 38

Campbell, John

52

Claypoole, James

4,22

Campbell, John

100

Clazer, John

51

Campbell, Kenneth

91

Cleigner, Casper

54

Caner, Michael .

51

Clinton, Church

100

Cannan, Thomas .

5

Coates, John

48

Caret, Matthew

30

Coats, Isaac .

104

Carlin, Jonathan

89

Coats, Thomas .

118

Carlisle, Henry

97

Cochran, William

4

Carlton, 

90

Codd, William

71

Cams, John, Junr.

18

Coffin, Elijah

38

Carothers, John

116

Coffman, John

37

Carr, Benjamin .

71

Coffman, John

94

Carr, James .

18

Colewater, Philip
Colflesh, Heinrich .

30

Carradine, Thomas

20

17

Carrick, Jacob

36

Colflesh, Mathias

17

130

INDEX OF NAMES.

Collins, James

PAGE 72

Croghan, George .
Croker, Ambrose

PAGE 36

Collins, John

11

11

Collins, William

107

Crook, John

35

Collom, William .

16

Crook, John

52

Colson, Francis .

66

Crook, Joseph

87

Colvin, Hugh

9

Crotty, David

14

Comegys, Cornelius .

58

Crowden, John

1

Connell, George

41

Cruqh, John
Cubler, Jacob

41

Connell, William

86

103

Connelly, Patrick

106

Cullman, Adam

77

Conner, John

5

Culnan, John

93

Conner, Paul

8

Cumfort, Francis

103

Connor, John

65

Cummings, John .
Cunningham, William

37

Connor, Michael

25

118

Conrad, Jacob, Junr.

3

Curry, Robert

7

Conrad, Philip
Conrod, Jacob .

38

6

Dallas, A. J.

96

Conrod, Jacob

36

Dallas, Stewart George

96

Convngham, Frederick
Cook, George

118

Daller, Michael .

83

14

Dame, Christian .

52

Cook, John

22

Damm, Andrew

6

Cooper, Annanius .

106

Daniel, John .

5

Cope, Mathias

48

Daniel, John

10

Copple, John .
Corbright, John

11

Darrach, John

19

10

Darragh, Charles

25

Cornman, John

38

Davan, John .

98

Cornish, Robert

15

David, John

40

Corse, John .

19

Davidson, James

70

Cottman, John .

42

Davidson, Robert

41

Cottringer, James .

21

Davidson, William

47

Coulthurst, Matthew

91

Davies, David

8

Course, Isaac

11

Davies, William

6

Coulty, Samuel .

54

Davis, Isaac

69

Cove, John

88

Davis, James

93

Cowan, James

113

Davis, James

9,39

Cowell, John .

25

Davis, John .

39

Cowie, Andrew

94

Davis, John

106

Cox, Jacob

29

Davis, Jonathan

95

Cox, Thomas

89

Davis, Joseph

111

Craig, Daniel

61

Davis, Peter .

78

Craig, Thomas

46, 102

Davis, (Justice) .

45

Craig, Thomas

118

Daw, John

21

Crain, Robt.

20

Day, Andrew .

56

Crass, Peter .

38

Deak, Thomas

60

Crawford, Charles

96

Deal, John

13

Crawford, John

112

Deamand, George .

103

Crawford, Joseph

30

Dean, Conrod .

90

Crawford, Samuel .

10

Decoster, Charles .

71

Cress, Henry

47

De Cressy, Maximilian L. A.

100

Cress, Johannes

98

De Deke, Carl

105

Crimshew, John David

70

Deering, Nicholas

73

Crispin, Peter

3

Defrancquen, Philip

111

Crispin, Samuel .

54

Degenhart, Johann George

53

INDEX OF NAMES.

131

De Grofey, Charles

PAGE 117

Ducomb, Vincent

PAGE 112

De Haven, Peter

53

Dudengoss, Ludwig

82

Deimling, Frederick

88

Due, William

21

De la Croix, Joseph

99

Duffus, Andrew

113

Delaney, George .

17

Duffy, James

23

Delaney, James

96

Duffy, Patrick

25

Delaplaine, James .

19

Duguid, John, Junr. .

92

Dellap, Williams

19

Dumfield, John

9

Delonguay, Francis Moussu

¦ 94

Dun, John 1
Dunbar, James

113

Demd, Henry .

85

82

Dempsey, Barnaby

4

Dunhower, George .

7

Lend, (Justice) .

110

Dunlap, James

3

Denny, David

92

Dunn, Isaac B. .

28

Denny, Richard

109

Dunn, Philip .
Dunton, William

115

Derry, George

89

5

Desantee, Lewis

71

Durie, John .

78

Deshong, Friederich

39

Durling, Joseph

5

Detterline, Henry

104

Du Simitiere, P. E.

9

Dewees, William

68

Duy, Frederick

54

Dewers, Henry.

76

Dewetter, Conrad .

37

Ebalt, John .

118

Dexter, James.

43

Ebert, Johannes

07

Dey, Cornelius

74

Eckhart, William .

49

Diamond, John ....

16,39

Eckelman, Conrad

60

Dickens, Edward .

12

Eckstein, Jacob

109

Lickinson, Cadr.

59

Eddleston, Lawrence

83

Dickinson, Maurice

110

Eddy, George
Edeling, Johann Valtin
Egen, Leonard

92

Dickson, Thomas

52

82

Dieffenbach, Christopher Frederick

69

6

Dill, Balthazar

82

Eggers, Nicholas

OS

Dill, Nicholaus .

103

Ehrenzeller, Jacob

10

Dishong, Christian

50

Eikhart, Matthias

87

Ditrich, Michael

45

Elder, Joshua

59

Dolby, Joseph
Domiller, William

70

Elliott, Christopher

7

43

Elliott, David

25

Donaldson & Co. .

75

Elliott, Edward

18

Donnelly, Francis

23

Emory, Jabez

115

Donnelly, Terence

15

Endesruggern, Ernst

84

Donohue, John .

29

Engle, Benjamin

103

Donovan, William

107

Ent, Theobald .

40

Dorey, Peter Victor

104

Ermanberger, Friederich

53

Douglass, E. .

109

Erringer, Jacob

3,39

Douglass, John .

11

Esenbeck, William

80

Douglass, John

88

Eshrick, George

81

Douglas, William

21

Esling, Frederick

102

Dover, Frederick .

102

Esling, Nicholas

71

Dow, Benjamin .

89

Esling, Paul .

102

Dowling, Kerence .

65

Evans, Caleb

101

Downey, William

92

Evans, David

101

Downing, Nicholas
Downs, Robert .

93

Evans, Lewis, .

115

71

Evans, Samuel

39

Doz, Andrew

3,52

Everhard, David

. 55, 101

Draper, Jonathan

3,38

Everhart, John

55

132

INDEX OF NAMES.

Everly, John

PAGE 47

Francis, Jacob

PAGE 84

Francis, Tench

18

Facundas, Jacob

11

Francis, Thomas

43

Fagan, Edmond
Fa] on, John

20

Frank, Isaac .

99

7

Frank, Jacob

17

Falkener, William

101

Franses, Peter

85

Falkenstein, Ludwig .

39

Fraser, Samuel

95

Farnsworth, James

20

Frazer, John . . .

22

Fecundas, William

57

Frichman, Johann Heinrich

86

Feel, Rudolph

64

Friedelbach, Johann

91

Fegal, John

18

Friederich, Wilhelm .

9

Ferguson, Ephraim

107

Fritenheiler, Adam

90

Ferguson, Hugh
Ferguson, William

13

Fry, John .

4

117

Fryhoffer, John

18

Fesmore, John

23

Fryhoffer, Wollery

18

Fians, William

7

Fuller, Benjamin

2

Field, Peter

102

Fullerton, Robert

50,59

Finley, Francis

36

Fullerton, William

5

Finley, James

28

Fineton, John
112
Gaa, Gilbert
110
Fisher, Andreas
9
Gaillard, Alexander
. 101
Fisher, George
5
Galvan, John
110
Fisher, Johannes
99
Gamble, James
63
Fisher, John .
56
Gameber, Michael
57
Fisler, Jacob.
5,36
Garand, Jacob
102
Fite, Andrew
6
Garanger, Lewis
105
Fitzgerald, Thomas
43
Gardenok, Powel Adam
69
Fitzpatrick, John
75
Gardette, James
110
Fitzsimons, John.
117
Gardner, John
3
Fleeson, Plunket
35, 45, 62
Garhart, Daniel
30
Fleeson, Thomas
40
Garman, William
77
Fleisher, Casper
12
Garrett, Adam .
14
Floak, Justice .
96
Garrett, Conrad
111
Flounders, Edward
48
Gebheart, Georg
Gebler, Godfred
54
Folk, Matthew
11
60
Folt, Daniel
21
Gehring, Michael
79
Folwell, William
20
Geiss, Everhart
2
Footman, Peter
17
Geisse, Francis
11
Ford, Christopher
114
Gentle, James
73
Ford, John
43
George, Andrew
50
Forgey, William
115
George, George
51
Forst, Abraham
68
George, John
50
Forster, C. Martin
52
George, John, Junr.
50
Forster, John
52
Gibbons, Henry
10
Forsyth, George
18
Gibbs, Josiah "VV.
' 107
Fourage, Stephen
Fox, George
61
Giessler, Johannes
83
36
Gilbert, Jacob
2
Pox, John
74
Gilbert, Jacob, Junr.
2
Fox, John George, Senr.
6
Gilchrist, Adam
22
Fox, Justinian
50
Gilchrist, James
20
Fox, Michael
14
Gilchrist, John
71
Foy, Matthew
43
Gillingham, James
Gill, Josiah
62
Fraley, John
54
8
INDEX OF NAMES. \

133

Gitts, Michael

PAGE 51

Grisler, Frederick

PAGE 13

Glick, Johann

83

Grobey, Johann

97

Glisson, William

51

Groff, Adam

40

Gloeding, Abraham

47

Grosse, (Doctr.)
Grotz, George .

96

Glyn, Patrick .

116

8

Godfrey, William E.

18

Grover, John

17

Godshall, John .

109

Grubb, John Herbert

73

Goette, Israel

98

Grunwold, Frederick

78

Goggin, Williams
Goldschmitt, Caspar

58

Guier, Adam

101

77

Guier, John .

101

Gominger, Jacob

19

Guiney, William . .

41

Goodman, Conrod

. 18, 39

Guinop, William

54

Goodman, John

7

Gusse, Francis . .

58,59

Goodman, John

. Ill

Guy, John

12

Gorgas, Benjamin

5

Guy, Richard .

12

Gorgas, John

5

Gosner, Casper

58

Haas, Jacob

7

Gosner, Daniel

50

Hager, Martin

95

Gotlib, Conrad .

87

Hague, Elsha .

117

Gotthart, Johann Conrad

35

Hain, John .

57

Govett, James

40

Haines, Michael

116

Grab, Peter .

49

Halburtat, John

36

Graff, Jacob

4

Hale, Thomas .

9

Graham, Matthew

. 107

Hall, James .

35

Graham, William

23,42

Hall, James

101

Graner, Frederic .

91

Hall, Parry .
Hall, Reuben .

96

Grant, Alexander

116

7

Grant, Henry

93

Hall, Richard

12

Grant, Isaac

7

Hall, Thomas .

36

Grant, Peter .

59

Hall, Walter .

15

Gratz, Michael

52

Hallam, Lewis .

98

Gravel, John

43

Halling, Solomon .

49

Gray, Joseph

70

Hambright, John
Hamel, James

7

Gray, William

25

25

Gray, William .

67

Hamilton, Andrew

18,48

Gray, William

70

Hamilton, Henry .

94

Greble, John

48

Hamilton, John

73

Green, Nathaniel .

4

Hamilton, John

88

Green, Peter

13

Hamilton, John

99

Green, Gen. .

20

Hamilton, W.

38

Greenway, William .

7

Hammer, Henry

92

Greenwood, Alexander .

60

Hankel, Conrad .

76

Greer, Charles

51

Hankel, Jacob .

41

Greer, George

118

Hans, Conrad

59

Greer, Henry .

99

Hansell, David .

15

Gregg, Robert

29

Hansell, William .

10

Greswold, Thomas

17

Hansil, Peter David .

6

Greve, Henry

28

Hansman, Christian

30

Griffith, Cadwalader .

117

Harar, Daniel .

43

Griffith, Evan

42

Harbeson, Benjamin, Junr.

. 115

Griffith, William

12

Hargis, Abraham
Harkness, Samuel

22

Grim, Nicholas

13

109

Grimes, John

71

Harly, George .

60

134

INDEX OF NAMES.

Harma, Joseph

PAGE 27

Hickey, Timothy

PAGE 75

Harman, George

111

Hiffernan, John

54

Harman, George .

111

Hillborn, Joseph

16,44

Harman, Jacob

1

Hillborn, Miles

3

Harper, John

86

Hines, Thomas .

83

Harraway, John

6

Hiney, George

12

Harris, Henry

31,85

Hinkle, Nicholas

22

Harris, James ....

15,38

Hinton, George

74

Harrison, Joseph . . . .

100

Hitchings, William Vaughan
Hitner, Frederick .

63

Harrison, William P.

112

5

Hart, Christopher .

40

Hodge, Andrew, Junr.

15

Hart, George

10

Hodgkinson, Bethenah .

70

Hart, Henry . . . .
Hart, Joseph

10

Hodgson, Aivery

8

2

Hodgson, Joseph .

114

Hartlan, Johan

79

Hoffer, Philip . . . .

51

Harvey, Joseph

10

Hoffner, George

26

Hasig, Valentine .

10

Hoffstedler, John

14

Haussman, John D.

99

Hoggen, James

102

Havesstrick, Jonas

87

Hohnerson, Matthias

91

Hay, John ....

11

Holeget, Matthew .

O

Hayes, Isaac .

53

Holegit, John .

5

Hazen, 

26

Holland, Benjamin
Hpllinshead, William

10

Hazleton, Albright

60

4

Hazleton, Josiah

13

Holmes, Abraham

8

Hazlewanger, Lewis
Hazlewood, John, Junr.

4

Holsten, Frederick .

7

28

Holsten, Matthias .

7

Hazley, Charles

82

Holsten, Peter .

8

Healy, William
Heatly, Charles

105

Honaker, Joseph .

100

76

Honeycomb, Joseph .

48

Heaton, Jonathan

47

Honeyman, Samuel

59

Heinrichs, Philip .

55

Honeyman, William .

29

Heizer, Henry .

S2

Hood, Thomas

107

Heffernan, John .

17

Hoofman, James

110

Heller, Johannes

40

Hook, George

08

Heller, Joseph

24

Hook, William .

82

Helm, John

50

Hooker, Thomas

87

Hembel, Samuel .

22

Hooper, Matthew

48

Henderich, Johan Martin .

96

Horn, John .

9

Henderson, John .

8,44

Horner, James .

2

Henderson, William .

23

Hossman, Stokely .

7

Henry, John .

73

Houlgate, Cornelius
Houshold, Sebastian

6

Hertford, George

76

9

Herron, James G. .

26

Howell, Abraham

27

Hess, George

12

Howell, David

89

Hess, John .

117

Howell, Richard

99

Hess, Nicholas .

117

Huber, Georg

72

Hetherington, John

60

Hubley, Adam .

1

Hettmannkerger, Frantz Wilhelm

57

Hubley, (Justice) .

105

Heyl, George

49

Huckel, William

91

Heyl, John

40

Hudson, Henry

70

Heyneman, Heynrich

82

Hudson, James .

15

Heysham, Robert

16

Hudson, John

. 110

Hibberd, Joseph .

17,48

Hufty, Simon .

42

INDEX OP NAMES.

135

Huggins, George
Hugh, William .
Hughes, John
Hull, (Justice) .
Humphreys, Benjamin
Humphreys, James
Humphreys, Samuel
Humphreys, Thomas
Hunn, John .
Hunt, Gilbert .
Hunt, Richard
Hunt, William .
Hunter, Charles .
Huntheimer, Tictus
Hurley, Thomas .
Hurry, Arthur .
Hurst, James
Huston, Edward
Hutman, Peter
Huvort, Loedwick
Hyneman, Frederick
Hyneman, Henry
Hynes, Brian
Hysmmingle, Nicholas
Ilgen, Lewis
Ingiez, Jerom
Inglis, George .
Ioane, Marcus
Ironning, George
Irwin, Robert
Irwin, Thomas .
Isaac, Charles
Isinhoot, Andrew
Israel, Israel .
Jackson, James
Jackson, John M.
Jackson, Thomas
Jackson, William
Jacobs, Nicholas
Jagger, Abraham
James, Benjamin
Jamison, John
Janus, George
Jarvis, Jacob
Jeffery, William
Jervis, John
Jewell, Robert
Johner, Georg
Johnson, John
Johnston, James
Johnston, John

PAGE 89
106 664740 13
53 18
26 90 38579887
114 15736111
98
115 11 71 12
80497468 11 6
387013
110 79
20 85 16 3
88
113 26 8
761967 2
66
108 9722

Johnston, Robert
Jonasson, Neels
Jones, David
Jones, Francis
Jones, George Buch
Jones, Israel
Jones, Jesse
Jones, John .
Jones, Joshua .
Johes, Paul
Jones, William .
Jones, William
Jordan, Joseph .
Jude, Frederick .
Junkin, Samuel
Jutter, Johann Christopher
Kaje, Augustus
Katz, Heinrich
Katz, Henry
Kauch, Christian .
Kaworth, John
Keating, Luke
Keavort, Christian .
Keble, John .
Keeling, John Hignet
Keen, Joseph
Keene, L. .
Keichler, John
Keidel, George
Keisler, Jacob
Keller, Conrad .
Kelley, James
Kelly, John
Kelly, William .
Kelsey, Joshua .
Kemble, Peter
Kemble, William
Kemmel, Peter
Kendall, Joseph
Kenedy, John
Kennedy, Robert
Kephard, Coron .
Keram, Edward
Kerlin, John, Junr.
Kesler, Henry .
Kessler, Leonard .
Keys, John
Keyser, John
Kidd, William .
Killamer, Hance
Kimhel, Heinrich
Kinder, Gottlieb .

PAGE 113 7
, 1
19,42 9017 16
24 17
28 5
16, 36
116104 42 358053 7
8125 35
84 4
52
103 28 3878 9
6950 4
94 89 76
4390 5
75
22 60 4
51
105 20 1375 3
84 52
, 100

136

INDEX OP NAMES.

King, Abraham

PAGE 75

Lang, Thomas

PAUE 112

King, Isaac

73

Langdale, Samuel

3,39

King, James

106

Langrall, Levin
Laodie, John Claude

24

Kingsfield, Wendell

4

95

Kinkead, James

50

Larrison, George .

72

Kinnard, Jacob

41

Latch, Jacob

30

Kinnear, James

17

Latch, Rudolph

8

Kinsel, John ....

. 117

Lauer, Philip .

27

Kintzing, Abraham, Junr.

107

Laughlin, Jacob

7

Kipp, Andreas
Kirk, Anthony .

83

Lavisyler, Thomas

28

47

Lawrence, John

51

Kirk, James .

21

Lawrence, William .

3

Kirkbride, (Col.)
Kirkhoff, Christian

53

Lawrence, William

50

12

Lawson, John .

15

Kirwan, Nicholas

73

Lawyer, Christian .

18

Klein, Johan

79

Laycock, John .

94

Klein, Philip

29

Leaman, Joseph

3

Knight, Charles

16

Lear, John

42

Knoepler, George
Knoll, Ludwick

67

Lear, John L.

65

. 18, 39

Leavering, Benjamin

4

Knowles, John .

83

Lechler, Adam

58

Knox, Francis

29

Ledra, Joseph .

20

Knox, Hugh
Knox, Mathew

20

Leech, Isaac .

20

55

Leech, Peter

80

Koehler, Bernhard

79

Leech, Robert

12

Koebler, John Adam

59

LehrS, Jacob

50

Koehmle, John .

51

Leib, Michael

17

Kohr, Philip .

82

Leitshok, Conrad

87

Kook, John

35

Lemaigre, Pierre .

64

Kooper, Georg

. 106

Lemaire, Jean Baptiste

113

Kooper, George

46

Lemau, Andrew .

9

Korloder, Friederich

88

Lennerd, John .

45

Korn, Gabriel

42

Lentz, Heinrich

9

Koy, William

79

Lentz, Henry .

101

Krafst, Michael

61

Lentz, John .

. 101

Kreaning, Francis

76

Leonard, Joseph

40

Kresson, Joseph

114

Lesh, Zachariah

97

Kromer, Leonard

2

Letchworth, John

104

Krop, Jean
Kubler, Martin

100

Letts, Michael

15

. 108

Levering, Abraham .

2

Kugler, Christopher

28

Levering, Jacob

8

Kunze, John C.

36

Levering, William

102

Kurtz, George

36

Levering, William
Levy, Eleazer .

102

Kurtz, Peter .

17

IS

Lewis, John .

79

Laekrum, John

108

Lewis, Joseph .

54

Lahn, Jacob

98

Lewis, Pearce

12

Lake, Richard

105

Liberstin, Felix

54

Lake, Thomas

23

Ligaux, Peter

112

Lake, Capt. Thomas
Lake, William .

23

Light, James

56

41

Light, Peter .

16

Lambeth, Joseph .

109

Lincoln, James .

64

Landerken, Patrick

74

Linnard, William .

65

INDEX OF NAMES.

137

Linniberger, John
Lint, Frederick
Linton, John
Lippee, John
Lipsey, Henry
Lisle, Joseph
Litchenham, Jacob
Llewelyn, John
Llewelyn, Morriss
Loardan, Charles
Lockhart, William
Lockwood, James
Lodge, John
Logan, Charles .
Loge, John .
Lohman, William
Lohra, John
Long, John
Loomsbach, Johannes .
Lorden, Charles
Lorden, George
Lotie, Laurence
Loughlin, (Squire)
Louriette, Zachariah
Loving, Casper
Lowden, Jacob .
Lownes, Joseph
Lowrey, Samuel
Loxly, Benjamin, Junr.
Lubrer, Adrien Joseph
Lucas, James
Ludgate, Richard
Lumsden, Robert
Lutch, Jacob
Luther, Conrod
Luts, Christian .
Lutz, Conrad
Lutz, Johann
Luy, Hoyman
Luzer, John Andrew
Lynch, John .
Lynch, John Patrick
Lynn, Jeremiah
Lyon, Philip
Lyon, Samuel
Lyons, James
Lytle, Andrew
Maag, Jacob .
Mackay, James
Mackenzie, William
Macky, John
Macombe, James .

PAGE 53

Macpherson, William

PAGE 91

53

Maffett, Joseph

108

55

Maher, Martin . :

97

11

Makemson, George

47

30

Malone, John

10

41

Malone, Peter

67

39

Mandry, Richard

81

19

Maner, Julius

117

19

Mansai, Nicola .

113

11

Marcer, Benjamin James

72

103

Marcus, Johannes

70

29

Markoe, Peter

09

5

Marks, Levy

3

15

Marsan, John

97

26

Marshal, Anthony

71

13

Martin, Hugh

20

20

Martin, John

40

43

Martin, William .

27

76

Mathes, John

49

60

Mathias, Joseph

19

43

Matlack, Timothy

2, 73

117

Matlack, William

3, 36

. 107

iMattson, Israel .

63

105

Matzinger, George

42

64

Matzinger, John
Maur, Jacob

7

111

53

19

May, John

80

108

Mayer, George

20

1

Mayer, Jacob .

20

113

Mayer, Johannes .

72

11

Mayland, (Col.)
Maynard, Joseph

00

15,53

73

116

Maysey, Thomas

110

6

McAlestor, John

18

92

McAnally, Henry

MO

66

McCall, David

114

4

McCarter, Charles

25

83

McCarter, Daniel

95

46

McCartney, John

10

92

McCarty, Marks .

80

111

McCary, Daniel

03

68

McCausland, Marcus

71

19

McCausland, Robert .

74

91

McClarey, Archibald

23

3

McClatchie, William

50

63

McClenney, Thomas .
McClentick, Matthew

76

26

29

McCollin, Andrew

50

14

McCotter, James .

6

111

McCrea, Fergus

77

19

McCulley, Thomas

104

2

McCulloh, John

6

96

McDermott, William

. 109

138

INDEX OP NAMES.

McDonald, Alexander

PAGE 108

Metzinger, Michael

PAGE 3

McDonald, Donald

104

Mevins, Henry

71

McDonald, William .

81

Meyer, Joseph .

9

McDonnell, Edward

40

Meyland, Simgon .

65

McDowell, Thomas

4,49

Middlehauser, Friederich .

80

McElroy, Benjamin

110

Midwinter, John .

89

McElvain, William

38

Miers, Christopher

50

McFarland, Kennedy .

92

Miller, Andrew

23

McFarlane, John

14

Miller, Benjamin

48

McGee, Henry

8

Miller, Caspar

83

McGill, James .

1

Miller, Christopher

46

McGouen, John

03

Miller, Henry

95

McGregor, John

79

Miller, Jacob

102

McGregor, Richard

78

Miller, Johan Georg

36

McGuire, Matthew

25

Miller, John

15

Mcllench, John

30

Miller, John .

84

Mclntire, Andrew

12

Miller, John

93

Mclntire, Thomas .

28

Miller, Magnus

95

Mcintosh, Donald

55

Miller, Martin

7

Mcintosh, John

99

Miller, Nicholas

14

McKendrick, Archibald

39

Miller, Robert . . .

15

McKennan, John .

51

Miller, William

14

McKenzie, William Jackson

106

Miller, William

95

McKiernan, Charles

116

Miller, William

. 103

McKim, John .

4

Mills, John

15

McKinsey, John

111

Mingle, John
Mitchel, John

. 117

McLean, Daniel

21

56

McLean, James

25

Mitchell, Hugh

10

McLean, Keneth

78

Mitchell, John .

29

McMahon, Michael

88

Mits, John Conrad

104

McMichael, William

46

Molineux, Frederick

98

McMillen, James

77

Montgomery, Daniel

74

McMullen, James

80

Montgomery, Duncan

110

McMullen, Michael

20

Montgomery, James

23

McNachtane, John

74

Montgomery, William

31

McNair, John

14

Moore, Bartholomew

2

iBcSparran, William .
McVeagh, Benjamin

9

Moore, George

65

56

Moore, George

. 106

Meade, George

97

Moore, Hugh

76

Mears, John .

94

Moore, J 

27

Meayn, Ludwig

80

Moore, John

11

Mellen, Peter

41

Moore, John .

75

Mellenberger, Peter .
Mellor, Johann Xhart

13

Moore, Philip

24

64

Moore, Robert

41

Melvin, Robert .

84

Moore, Robert K.

115

Mentges, Philip

27

Moore, William

37

Mentz, Jomel

94

Moore, William

43

Mercier, Joseph

104

Moore, (Justice)

60

Meridith, Charles

10

Morgan, John .

51

Mervine, Andrew

4

Morgan, Thomas

17

Mesnard, Thomas

03

Morgan, Thomas

42

Metay, William

11

Morrell, Robert

. 27, 97

Metts, Adam

43

Morris, Evan .

0

INDEX OF NAMES.

139

Morris, Luke, Junr.

PAGE 21

Oliver, George

PAGE 73

Morris, Thomas A.

104

O'Neill, Alexander Louis

69

Morrison, Daniel

11

O'Neill, Thomas .

106

Morton, George
Morton, Israel .

8

Opperman, Adam
Ord, John

77

7

49

Moser, George

14

Organ, John

30

Moylan, Jasper Alexander

70

Orner, Michael

.)

Moylan, John

70

Osmos, Henry .

91

Moyston, Edward

106

Oswald, Eleazer .

23

Muller, Christian .

81

Oswald, Robert

113

Muller, Johannes

55

Otenkerken, John

17

Miiller, Michael

15

Ott, Peter .

21

Murdaugh, James

48

Otto, Francis

77

Murgatroyd, John

10

Otto, Johannes .

83

Murphy, Alexander .

93

Overly, John

38

Murphy, Thomas .

71

Overstake, Christian

56

Murry, Jeremiah

74

Owens, Patrick

25

Mussi, Joseph

114

Owens, William

"•» 115

Muster, John .

83

Myers, Henry
Myrtelus, Adam

84

Packer, James .

40

3

Paisley, Robert

114

Paleske, Charles
105
Naer, David
Nassau, John
JYeffets, Edward
Neill, James .
Nesbit, J. M.
Nevell, Thomas
Nevil, James
Newark, Thomas
Newel, David
Nice, John
Nice, Lewis
Nicholas, William .
Nicol, Robert
Nicholson, John
Niemond, Johann
Nimmo, Alexander
Nixon, John
Nolbrow, William .
66966337 2 6
96 73
116 596254
112113 89
. 104 2
15
Palmer, John
Palmer, Joseph
Palmer, Thomas
Pancoast, David
Panrert, Johann
Parker, Richard
Parkes, Joseph
Parkhill, Andrew
Parkhill, John
Parkmann, Johannes
Paschal, Benjamin
Paschall, Benjamin
Paschall, Benjamin
Paschall, Thomas
Patterson, John
Pattison, Robert
Patton, John
Patton, William
Paul David
. 16, 40
18, 4941 18
64
106 45 0313 77
48 S
41
'¦35 2127 20 i;
Nouveller, Matthias
Norton, William .
Nourse, Joseph .
37
29 68
Paul, Jonathan
Peale, James
Pearson, Joshua
0
18
20
Nuff, Melchoir
Nugent, Edmond
Nugent, James
40
18,46 65
Peiss, George
Pelozi, Vicenzo Maria
Peltz, Philip .
53
100 103
Pemberton, Handy .
106
O'Donnell, Patrick
75
Pemberton, Joseph
46
Oellers, James .
46
Pendleton, Solomon
95
Ogden, John .
24
Penington, Daniel
. 110
Ogden, Joseph, Junr.
Ofll, Henry
61,64
Penrose, Isaac .
19
92
Penrose, Samuel
. 17, 48
140

INDEX OF NAMES.

PAGE

PAGE

Perkins, William .

66

Pugh, Henry

19

Perree, Nicholas

64

Pugh, William .

36

Perret, Henry

13

Pulaski, Count

69

Perry, Richard .

73

Peterman, Christian
47
Quain, John .
14
Peters, Garrett .
26
Queerfort, Henry
90
Peters, Capt. John
58
Quest, Nicholas
54
Peters, Samuel .
17
Quin, Jeremiah
57
Peters, William, Junr. .
74
Quinlen, John
97
Pettit, Charles .
23
Pettit, Thomas
72
Rambo, Peter
16
Phelps, Matthew
22
Randall, Thomas
108
Phile, Charles
50
Ranganer, Jacob
79
Phile, John
23
Rasbotham, James
41
Phillips, John
100
Ratzner, George
18
Pierie, Martin
53
Read, George .
76
Pigeon, Conrad
12
Read, James .
o
Pigisson, John .
95
Read, John
28
Pine, Lazarus
6
Read, Samuel
75
Pine, Robert E.
113
Rede, Zeman Thomas
98
Pinkerton, William
. 105
Reed, Christopher
58
Pinton, William
46
Reed, Francis
81
Pittman, Zacarius .
85
Reed, Joseph , .
2
Plack, Friederich
37
Rees, James
114
Plain, Felix .
85
Reffert, Philip
6
Platt, Daniel
93
Reid, Christopher
44
Pleiney, John
70
Reidezel, 
95
Plunket, Robert
42
Reiley, John, Junr.
41
Pollard, John
59
Reiley, Patrick
65
Pollock, Oliver .
116
Reinbott, Christian Friederich .
81
Pool, Edward
28
Reinhard, Martin .
101
Porter, David
25
Reinhard, Peter
101
Porter, John .
17
Reinhart, George
60
Porter, John
50
Remender, Peter
39
Pot, Mattis .
60
Renno, Jacob
45
Poth, Adam, Junr. .
57
Renshaw, Thomas
47
Poth, Johannes
57
Reshong, David
61
Powell, Anthony
81
Rey, Andrew .
30
Powell, Lawrence
19
Rey, Jean Louis
15
Powell, Peter .
55
Reynhart, Francis
77
Powell, William
13
Reynard, John
78
Power, Alexander
25
Rhea, John
27
Prescott, Roger
101
Rice, John
13
Presuhn, Heinrich .
88
Rice, Joseph
25
Price, Edward
8
Rice, Nicholas
42
Price, Joseph
5
Richards, David
41
Price, Lewis
82
Richards, John, Junr. .
112
Price, Rees
19, 37
Richards, William
7
Price, Richard
38
Richardson, William
109
Prichard, William
65
Richie, Edward
38
Pride, James
105
Richhowser, John .
84
Pritchett, Rowland
67
Richman, Thomas
57
Pritner, Philip
17
Rickneal, Jacob
21
INDEX OF NAMES.

141

PAGE

PAGE

Riddle, David

19

Rundleman, John .

86,

Riddle, John

52

Rush, William .

7

Ried, John .

12

Rusk, William

10

Riffets, Edward

55

Russegue, Timothy .
Russell, Alexander

79

Rigg, Robert .

7

28

Righter, Daniel

2

Russell, James .

5,40

Righter, John

2

Rutherford, John .

13

Righter, John .

2

Rutter, George .

61

Righter, John

35

Ryan, Edward

80

Righter, Michael

2

Ryan, James

108

Rinaldi, Charles

94

Ryan, Timothy

. 109

Ritgie, John

89

Ryan, Thomas

113

Ritiger, Johannes

9

Rittenhouse, David 6, 99
Sadler, John
102
Ritter, Charles
52
Sainton, John
112
Robert, John
80
Saldrich, David
49
Roberts, Abraham
60
Sallier, Jacque
112
Roberts, Algernon
16
Saltar, Richard .
4
Roberts, James
. 110
Sample, Thomas
Sauder, Caspar .
Saunders, William
88
Roberts, John .
9,42
2
Roberts, William
90
39
Robinett, Joseph
59
Sautter, Johannes
87
Robinson, James
86
Savage, Darby
39
Robinson, Richard
40
Savett, Henry .
14
Robinson, William
36
Savidge, John
29
Robinson, William
41
Saxton, Jared .
50
Robson, Robert
52
Scheiler, Johann .
80
Rogers, Benjamin
101
Schin, Conrad .
61
Rogers, Isabella
70
Schlosser, George
7
Rogers, James
58
Schmidt, Caspar
94
Ronals, James
77
Schmitt, Heinrich .
69
Roney, James .
107
Schmitt, Johannes
. - 67
Roof, John
99
Schmitt, Valentin .
76
Rose, Peter
8
Schmyser, Michael .
¦ 53
Rose, William
7
Schneider, Christian
7
Rosenberger, Godfi
ey 80
Schneider, George
14
Ross, George
5
Schneider, Johan .
92
Ross, Hugh
Rossiter, Thomas, i
39
Schrack, Jacob .
03
unr. 48
Schreiner, Jacob .
0
Roth, Philip
5
Schunel, Baltus
80
Rothbottom, James
12
Sehwalbah, Henry
1
Rothmann, Johann
74
Schwallach, Heinrich
55
Roue, Thomas
41
Scot, Robert .
25
Rouking, John .
Roun, Conrad
6
Scott, Thomas
2
110
Scott, William
94
Rowand, Jacob .
8
Scravendyke, Peter
107
Rudolph, Christian
49
Scull, Benjamin
51
Rudolph, George
114
Scully, Barnaby
30
Rudolph, Tobias .
49
Sears, Lemuel
22
Rudolph, Wilhelm
Rue, Joseph .
Rumble, Philip .
96
Seddon, Thomas
106
63
Seegez, Frederick .
3
3
Seitz, John Adam
98
Rumel, Georg
83
Seixas, Abraham .
23
142

INDEX OF NAMES.

Sellers, David

PAGE 50

Sellers, John, Junr.

107

Sellers, Joseph

4,43

Sellers, Nn.

36

Semple, Alexander

72

Semple, John

85

Serre, Francois

112

Shajrert, Bernhard
Shaller, Conrad

87

9

Shaper, John

14

Sharp, Andrew

5

Sharp, Jacob

5

Sharswood, George

35

Shaw, Daniel

12

Shaw, George

54

Shaw, Patrick

29

Shee, John

76

Sheldon, Isaac .

22

Shelvough, William
Shetler. Martin .

86

95

Shetzline, Adam .

66

Shields, John .

94

Shiell, William, M.D. .

64

Shilling, Michael

13

Shisler, Godfrey

. 17, 53

Shiver, Michael .

54

Shlotman, Alexander

95

Shmid, Friederich

92

Sholtz, Martin Henry .

95

Shoster, Henry .

8

Shove, John Albert

86

Shreiber, Jacob

SO

Shrive, Samuel

59

Shriver, Joseph
Shubert, Michael

4

5

Shuchard, Peter

85

Shuder, Ludwick .

GO

Shughart, Johannes

90

Shuman, Friederich

86

Sibley, Jacob

24

Sibley, Rudolph

. 8,38

Sicard, Stephen

100

Sickard, Georg David .

16

Sieman, Waldrop

78

Sim, Robert .

93

Simes, Samuel .

108

Simmons, Thomas .

06

Simon, Johan Barnard

67

Simons, Stephen .

46

Sims, Bartholomew

102

Simter, John

118

Singelton, Richard

42

Sink, Abraham

16

Sink, George .

PAUK 12

Sinket, Daniel

89

Sisson, Thomas

115

Sitzdorff, Wilhelm

. 94

Skellorn, Richard .

58

Sleigh, Christian

51

Sloan, William

10

Smallwood, Peter

11

Smaltz, Heinrich .

11

Smith, Benjamin

23

Smith, Benjamin H.

. 114

Smith, Christopher

115

Smith, Daniel

95

Smith, George .

115

Smith, Hosea

21

Smith, Jacob

14

Smith, Jacob .

02

Smith, James .

68

Smith, John

5

Smith, John

28

Smith, John

37

Smith, John

60

Smith, John Erdman

10

Smith, Jonathan

13

Smith, Jonathan, Junr.

. 115

Smith, Joseph

13

Smith, Matthew

2

Smith, Michael .

3

Smith, Philip

. 24, 78

Smith, Robert

97

Smith, Robert

101

Smith, Robert, Junr.

101

Smith, Samuel

01

Smith, Thomas .

17

Smith, Thomas

07

Smith, William .

91

Smith, William .

. 110

Smith, William Austin

71

Smithson, (Justice)

2(1

Smock, Robert .

20

Sneider, Benedict .

00

Snelhart, John .

65

Sneling, George

15

Snyder, George

55

Snyder, John

114

Softer, John

15

Soly, Alexander

18

Sothern, William

110

Souder, Casper
Sowersby, William

47

41

Soytder, Gotfred

80

Spalter, John

85

Sparks, Henry

73

.INDEX OF NAMES.

143

PAGE

PAGE

Spede, John

20

Stow, George

14

Speel, George .

66

Stow, Lazarus .

25

Spence, Andrew .

. 102

Stretch, Joseph

3

Spencer, Daniel

58

Strieker, John .

25

Spiegel, John
Spinks, James .

12

Stroud, William .

37

39

Stuart, John

51

Spitter, Christopher

. 108

Stull, Casper .

60

Spooner, John .

89

Sturgis, James .

10

Spottswood, William

30

Sturgis, Joseph
Summers, John

6

Stafford, John .

24

114

Stagg, Benjamin .
Stainbaugh, Johannes
Stanley, Michael

24

Summers, Samuel .

91

96

Sutter, Peter

3

12

Sutton, John .

60

Stanley, Peter .

102

Swain, William Nathaniel

105

Stanley, Valentine

102

Swartz, Philip

22

Stanley, William

53

Swats, George .

11

Stanton, Jonathan

63

Swetzer, Conrad

59

Starke, John

10

Symington, Alexander
Syng, Philip ....

109

Stear, George
Stedman, Charles

81

5

16

Steel, David .
107
Taggart, David
52
Steel, James
11
Tawney, James .
14
Steel, James .
74
Taylor, Angus
. 118
Steel, Thomas .
24
Taylor, Jacob .
109
Steel, Thomas
107
Taylor, Ludwig
9
Steller, Adam
27
Taylor, Peter .
6
Steinmetz, John
18
Taylor, Richard
. 13, 57
Steinmires, Jacob
11
Taylor, Robert .
97
Stephnon, George
87
Taylor, Samuel
8
Stern, Samuel .
14,40
Taylor, Solomon
15
Sternbak, Henry .
112
Teigh, Charles
67
Stettenfield, Jacob
56
Telman, John .
67
Stevens, James
105
Thaw, Benjamin .
39
Stewart, Alexander .
97
Thayer, Bartholomew
47
Stewart, Charles .
50
Thiell, Henry
10
Stewart, James .
114
Thomas, Absalom
107
Stewart, Robert
93
Thomas, John
45
Stiles, John
26
Thomas, Joseph
107
Stiles, Joseph
8
Thomas, Luke
74
Stiles, William
101
Thomas, Peter .
115
Stilwil, Charles
72
Thomas, William .
91
Stock, Philip
Stockham, George .
57
Thompson, James
10
36
Thompson, James
35
Stokes, George .
57
Thompson, John
25
Stokes, James
75
Thompson, Thomas
42
Stoll, William
49
Thompson, William .
98
Stoltz, Conrad
46
Thomson, James Hampden
22
Stone, John
1
Thomson, William
41
Stoneman, John
53
Thorn, William .
13
Stoup, Vandel .
84
Thornhill, John, Junr.
11
Stout, Peter .
9
Tibin, John, Junr.
3
Stoute, George .
53
Tilghman, Edward, Junr. .
29
Stow, Charles
40
Till, George .
13
144

INDEX OF NAMES.

Tilman, Christopher

PAGE 84

Walsh, James

PAGE 49

Tiviman, Robert

88

Walter, Martin

38

Tobin, Edmond

50

Walters, Johannes

17

Tod, Alexander

53

Walters, John .

7

Tod, James . .

102

Warner, Isaac

3!)

Todd, Charles .

103

Warner, Philip .

40

Todd, George

77

Warner, William, Junr.

15

Tom, Samuel

36

Warnick, Albert

98

Tomkins, John

47

Washington, (General) .

70

Topliff, Richard

39

Wasphael, Godfried .
Wathens, Capt. Joseph
Watkings, Joseph

73

Tottie, Benjamin .

49

59

Towers, Robert, Junr.

8

60

Town, Henry

108

Watkins, William .

6

Transo, John Jacob

56

Watson, Archibald

39

Trempor, William .

43

Watts, Robert

. 102

Tren, Jacob

20

Watts, Thomas .

37

Truckenmiller, Philip

3

Way, Andrew

10

Tudor, George .

27

Wayne, Abraham

55

Tullon, Christian .

110

Weaver, John

4

Tullon, Godfrey

110

Weaver, John .

. 17, 38

Turner, David

98

Weaver, Paul

94

Tustin, William

43

Webb, Joseph

15

Tybout, Andrew

3

Weekes, Henry

97

Tyson, Matthias

19

Weiss, Matthias

51

Tyson, William

19

Welch, Thomas

48

Wenemon, Philip

58

Umbright, Johan .

15

Werrebrouek, Andrew

. 113

Underwood, James

42

West, James

49

Weston, William .
58
Van Beck, Christian
66
Wetzel, Godfrey
66
Vandegrift, Joshua
108f
Weyant, John
1
Van Eckhent, Charles
100
Weyland, Martin
28
Vannost, John
43
Wharton, Carpenter
46
Van Tassel, Justice
95
Wharton, Charles
17
Van Vleck, Isaac .
29
Wharton, Isaac
17
Vaughan, Thomas
4
Wharton, Lloyd
106
Veder, John .
98
Whelan, Edward
. 27, 97
Venia, Bastia
9
White, George .
108
Vensell, George
87
White, John .
. 29, 50
Vestard, John .
6
White, John .
53
Vickers, Thomas
100
White, Joseph
85
Vogel, Daniel
79
White, Peter .
108
White, Silvester
75
Wade, James
108
White, Thomas .
90
Wade, Thomas
51
Whitehead, James
25
Wagner, Ferdinand .
90
Whiteman, Caspar
19
Wahl, Johann Heinrich
84
Whiteman, John
13
Waine, John
13
Whiteman, John
54
Walker, George
16,84
Whitman, Jacob .
46
Wallace, John .
67
Whittington, William
38
Wallace, Richard
28
Widdos, Isaac
38
Wallace, Robert
27
Wiear, James
90
Walravin, John
109
Wiest, Heinrich
81
INDEX OE NAMES.

145

Williams, Bedford

PAGE 23

Wright, William

PAGE
.' 10

Williams, Ennion

47

Wusman, Yo'riek

64

Williams, Humphrey

68

Wyant, John

12

Williams, James

103

Wynn, Pastorius

36

Williams, Jeremiah

56

Wynn, Thomas

. 116

Williams, John .

18

Williams,. Thomas .

82

Yard, James .

117

Williams, William

25

Yerger, John

40

Williamson, James

99

Young, Andrew

60

Williamson, Joseph

40

Young, Edward

11

Willing, James

23

Young, George

. 9,42

Willis, Seth

9

Young, John

10

Willson, John

109

Young, John

18

Willson, William

92

Young, John

66

Wilson, Robert

8

Young, Llewelyn

19

Wilson, William

52

Young, Philip .

9

Wilson, William .

72

Young, Philip

42

Winckel, Carsten

112

Young, Philip

103

Winckler, Frederick William

. 100

Young, Samuel

8

Winter, James'

19

Young, William

104

Witherspoon, D. .
Wonderly, Jacob

23

Young, William

106

115

Young, (Justice)

. 20, 48

Wood, George

37

Wood, John
12
Zane, Jonathan
18
Wood, Joseph
49
Zeigler, Andrew .
Zell, David
56
Worrel, Morris .
54
19
Worrell, Jonathan
101
Zimmerman, Jacob
90
Wortzheiser, Christian
42
Zinck, Jacob
48
Wright, John
75
Zipolt, John Martin
78
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