''Ct;-y

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

JOURNAL

Journey Over the Mountains;

GEORGE WASHINGTON,
WHILE SURVEYING FOR LORD THOMAS FAIRFAX, BARON OF CAMERON,

NORTHERN NECK OF VIRGINIA,

BEYOND THE BLUE RIDGE,

1747-8.

Copied f-tom the Original with Literal Exactness and Edited with Notes
BY
J. M. TONER, M. D.

ALBANY, N. Y.
JOEL MUNSELL's sons, PUBLISHERS
1892

TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

I. Mount Vernon farms, to face page  iv
2. Mount Vernon hills — made as early as 1747,
traced from original, to face page  9
3. Plan of Major La'wrence Washington's tur
nip field, traced from original, to face
page.. .,  14
4. Plan of survey of land kno'wn as " Hell Hole,"
traced from original, to face page  24
5.' Mount Vernon river front at mouth of Hunt
ing creek, traced from original, to face
page  52
6. Surveying or measuring land, a study traced
from original, to face page  56
7. Lost river, traced from the original, to face
page....  73
8. Plat of Francis Jett's land, traced from the
original, to face page  76
9. Plat of Elizabeth Washington's land, traced
from the original, to face page  76
10. Plat 'of survey for Richard Barnes, Gent.,
copied from Sparks, to face page  .' . 79

PREFACE.

Washington's Journal here given to the public,
if we except his version of the " Rules of Civility and
Decent .Behaviour in Company and Conversation,"
is the earliest literary effort of this, the most admira
ble character in all history. The editor has long
been engaged in collecting accurate copies of all the
obtainable -writings of this great man. Wherever it
has been found practicable to examine and critically
compare even his generally accepted -writings with
the originals, it has been, or will be done to secure a
copy of exact and verified conformity, in every par
ticular, with the text as it left the hand of the writer.
It is a well-known fact that editors have taken
great liberties with Washington's writings, not for
the purpose of falsifying history, or aspersing his
character, but from a variety of reasons, often to sup
press caustic expressions, or to substitute a more
euphonious word to give to his sentences a fine, rhe
torical finish. Such editorial dressing, even where
the motive is well intended, is vicious in principle
and liable to abuse ; and, in the case of Washington's
writings, is neither justifiable nor desirable. The
time has come when the people want to know inti
mately and without glamour or false coloring, the
father of his country as he actually lived and labored,

6 Preface.
and to possess his writings, just as he left them, on
every subject which engaged his attention. It is the
purpose of the editor to prepare a complete collection
of all the writings of George Washington, from his
youth to the close of his eventful life, with that
literal exactness as to text which can only be assured
by the careful efforts of an experienced copyist and
expert proof reader having access to and comparing
in every possible case the copies with the originals.
This initial Diary of Washington opens with his six
teenth year, and plainly shows the energy and the
maturity of his judgment, and his capability to dis
charge even then important trusts with efificiency.
Forthcoming volumes will give, in chronological
order, his co-operation in the march of events on this
continent, and his life and opinions as seen through
the writings he left. This volume must be viewed as
the work of a youth, making a few, brief and hurried
memoranda while in the depths of the forest and in
tended for no eye but his own. The time is not far
distant when an edition of Washington's more im
portant papers will be called for in facsimile by some
one of the photogravure processes now available for
such purposes, because of the unquestionable fidelity
to the original it secures and which is approximately
arrived at in this publication.
This is the first systematic attempt to produce the
writings of Washington with literal exactness as to
abbreviations, the use of capitals, punctuation, spell
ing, etc. It is possible that the plan pursued may

Preface. 7
not, at first, meet with an unqualified commendation
from the public. But if the editor does not much
mistake the desire of students, the admirers of
Washington and the demand of historians, this
method, if faithfully executed, must produce the pre
ferred edition of his writings.
A few miscellaneous pieces in Washington's youth
ful handwriting are preserved in this Journal, and are
here printed with the same effort for literal accuracy
which has been bestowed upon the Journal itself,
and upon his field notes of land surveys.

*f<*'^fUL*lfi

INTRODUCTION.

THIS journal of George Washington, now for the
first time printed entire and with literal exact
ness, was begun, as shown by the date in the opening
lines, when he was but one month over sixteen years of
age. It is his own daily record of observations during
his first remunerated employment. His proficiency
as a surveyor, and his fortitude in encountering the
hardships of the forest in this expedition were, consid
ering his age, truly remarkable. With him the begin
ning determined the end. Biographers have made us
acquainted with the character of his worthy parents,
and with the sturdy stock from which they were de
scended. It does seem as though Providence called
our Washington into being, and educated him in the
western world just at the time when a great leader
was wanted to direct a revolution, and to found on
this continent a new and a free, English-speaking
nation. Every factor, whether of lineage or culture,
in the admirably balanced character of Washington,
as well as every aspiration of his heart, from his
cradle to his grave, is of high interest to the world-
Although deprived of a father's care at the age of
2

I o Introduction.
eleven years, he was, however, especially blessed in
having such a mother as the noble Mary Washington,
who conscientiously discharged her sacred duty as his
guardian, counselor and friend. Hence filial rever
ence grew with his growth and strengthened with his
maturing years into fixed principles, making him
throughout all his eventful life loyal to every virtue
and heroic in every trust.
When George Washington set out on the enter
prise herein narrated, he was just out of school, where
he had received the best education the neighborhood
could supply, supplemented with good private in
struction. We may well believe that his mother and
his brothers then supposed that George had attained
an age and proficiency when he should either go to
college to acquire a higher education, or embark
speedily in some respectable calling ; and we may
further conclude that this precocious youth was eager
to take part in the affairs of life, and deferentially
announced his preference for the latter course. Pos
sibly he was influenced in this selection by his great
admiration for his half-brother. Major Lawrence
Washington, who was actively and prosperously
engaged in various business enterprises, who made
much of George, and had him visit Mount Vernon
whenever it was practicable.
George Washington's aptitude for mathematics
early attracted the attention of his teachers, and his
beautifully kept copy-books, which are still preserved,
attest his unusual ability in mathematical demonstra-

Introduction. 1 1
tion and diagrams. Mr. Williams, the principal of
the Academy in Westmoreland county, Va., where
young Washington was, to give a practical value to
this mathematical talent, had added surveying and
navigation to his other studies ; and these were soon
mastered by this bright pupil. Land surveying was
then a profitable and genteel pursuit in the colonies,
and it comported well with Washington's tastes and
inclinations. While visiting his brother at Mount
Vernon, he had repeatedly amused himself and enter
tained guests of the house by surveying, in their
presence, the garden, or a field, and rapidly drawing
plats of them as an exercise. A few maps of such
early surveys have been preserved. One of them, of
Lawrence Washington's turnip field, bearing date 27
Feb., 1747-8, is reproduced in fac-simile in this publi
cation. The others are without date, but are of about
the same period ; although one, namely that of "Hell
Hole," a part of the Mount Vernon estate, and fre
quently mentioned in Washington's later diaries, may
have been an earlier production. A fac-simile of it
may also be found in this work.
Washington's efficiency and enthusiasm as a sur
veyor were observed and admired not only by his
friend and companion, George William Fairfax, but
also by the Hon. Wm. Fairfax and by Lord Fairfax,
who were constantly employing surveyors to lay off
lands for sale in the latter's large domain known as
"The Northern Neck" of Virginia. During the
early spring of 1 748 the demands for surveys were

1 2 Introduction.
more than usually pressing by actual settlers in the
Shenandoah valley. Lord Fairfax engaged the youth,
George Washington, to proceed with George William
Fairfax, his agent, as recorded in this journal, to exe
cute certain commissions and meet a pressing demand.
His surveys and reports gave entire satisfaction and
led to his steady employment by his titled patron,
principally as a director of his lordship's land office
and of the surveys, preparatory to sale. Washington
filled this position for about three years, when he was
called upon to accompany his brother Lawrence, who,
from failing health, was constrained, in the fall of
1 751, to visit the West Indies in the hope of finding
relief. The journal kept by George Washington during his
visit to Barbadoes in company with his brother, will
be given in a separate work soon to be issued in its
chronological order by the editor. The journal here
presented to the public is, in the main, confined to
Washington's daily entries, memoranda and field notes
of surveys of land situated between the Blue Ridge
and the Alleghany mountains.
Unfortunately the records of his surveys are not
consecutive, and it is quite evident that they represent
but a part, and probably but a small part, of the land
surveyed by Washington for Lord Fairfax and others.
The notes of surveys here published are all that can
be found or that are now known to exist. It is to be
hoped, however, that if other books of his field notes
of surveys have escaped destruction, they may yet be

Introduction. 1 3
discovered. This hope is encouraged from the fact
that the laws of the colony required surveyors, upon
retiring from their official stations as county survey
ors, to deposit their field books of notes of surveys
with the records of the county. How far this law was
complied with, the editor is unable to say. It is a
mistake, however, to infer that Washington was con
stantly employed in actually running lines and taking
field notes. He was largely charged with the super
vision of Lord Fairfax's land office, and the records
thereto belonging, and was his principal adviser in
his land surveys, directing the men employed in the
field work.
This journal, with its memoranda and surveys,
makes a valuable addition to our knowledge of the
life and employments of Washington in his youth.
Here are also preserved the names of nearly three
hundred of the early settlers and first land owners in
the great valley of Virginia, for whom Washington
made surveys, or who assisted him in this business.
It was a cherished hope of the editor that he might
be able to give, in notes, brief sketches of the pioneers
in the valley here named, through the assistance of
their descendants, who, in many instances, reside upon
lands surveyed by Washington for their ancestors.
In this, however, he has been disappointed.
The journal, memoranda and surveys found in
these books have all been copied with literal exact
ness and are here printed just as they were recorded
by the hand of their author. This literalness is ad-

1 4 Introduction.
hered to in the interest of truth and for the benefit
of earnest students of history unable to consult per
sonally the originals. Washington requires no apol
ogy for any apparent want of style or other marks of
hasty composition in this journal. It was written in
the nature of a memorandum intended for himself
alone. His thoughts, even in these youthful produc
tions, flow easily and in an orderly and consecutive
manner. H is sentences are never involved or obscure,
and his observations are always apt and instructive ;
and, although a youth in years when this journal was
written, he was dealing ably with important interests,
and deporting himself in a manly manner, and asso
ciating on terms of intimacy with the foremost men of
the day. He seems to have had no idle boy life, but
was a man with manly instincts and ambitions from
his youth. Time and accidents are slowly, but effect
ually, destroying the precious original manuscripts,
so that a literal and authentic copy is a great desid
eratum. No liberty whatever is taken by the editor
with the text as recorded by Washington. The
notes which are added, it is hoped, may prove of
interest. J. M. T.

'<x;%'^Mr^ //4^

aw-

JOURNAL.

A Journal of my Journey over the Mountains be
gan Fryday the ii"" of March 1747-8.'
Fryday March 1 1"* 1 747-8. Began my Journey^ in
Company with George Fairfax, Esqr. ;' we travell'd
this day 40 Miles to M"^ George Neavels"* in Prince
William County.'
<> 'Double dating of the year, as is done here, -was an old cus
tom observed between January 1st and the 25th of March.
For all other portions of the year a single date -was used. Al
though January 1st had been generally accepted as the begin
ning of the historical year in Christian countries, yet March
25 th was held by some as the beginning of the civil or legal
year. The Gregorian chronology or new style had not, at the
time this journal was written, been adopted by England, and,
indeed, was not until September 2nd, 1752.
^ The party on this expedition set out from " Belvoir," the
home and plantation of the Hon. William Fairfax, described
by General Washington as " within full view of Mount Vernon,
separated by water only, is one of the most beautiful seats on
the river." (Letter to John Sinclair, 11 December, 1796.) It
was founded by William Fairfax, cousin and agent to Lord
Thomas Fairfax, and was his residence until his death in 1757.
The estate then passed to his eldest son, George William Fair
fax, also one of Lord Fairfax's agents, and was his residence
until July, 1773, when, accompanied by his wife, he went to
England to attend to some property he had inherited there.
Washington, his friend and neighbor, consented to act as his
agent during his absence, which, at the time, neither anticipated
would be of long continuance.

^ ^ Journal.
"Law's delay" and business interests making it important
for Mr. Fairfax to remain in England, he directed Washington
to dispose of his stock, farm fixtures and household effects at
public sale. After due advertisement, this was done August
15, 1774. A second sale at " Belvoir " took place December
5, 1774.
The following bill of household effects bought at this first
sale at Belvoir by George Washington has been preserved
among his private papers and was in the possession of one of his
inheritors, La-wrence Washington, in January 1891. The bill
in the auctioneer's handwriting was folded and endorsed in
Washington's known hand: — " Articles bought by G° Washing
ton at Col" Fairfax's Sale 15 August 1774."
" Inventory of House Furnishings bought by Col" George
Washington at Col° Fairfax's Sale at Belvoir 15 August 1774.
£ s. d.
Gilbert Simpson's 5 Bott. or Pickle Pots  7 6
2 Potts from Lawson Parker do do  2
6 Fickle Potts different sizes  4 6
2 Doz. mountain wine  1 4
4 Chariot Glasses frames  12 6
Irons for a boat canopy with tiller  12 6
12 Pewter Water Plates  1 6
1 Mahogany Shaving Desk  4
1 Settee-bed and furnature  13
4 Mahog'y chairs  4
1 Chamber Carpet  1 1
1 Oval Glass with guilt frame in the Green room . . 4 5
1 Mahog'y chest and drawers in M""^ Fx chamber. . 12 10
1 Mahog'y Side Board  12 5
1 Mahog'y Cistern & stand  4
1 Mahog'y voider a dish tray & a knife tray  1 10
1 Japan Bread tray  ;  7
12 Chairs & 3 window curtains from y" dining room. 31
1 Looking glass & Guilt Frame  13 5
2 Candlesticks & a bust of the Imortal Shakespere. . 1 6
3 floor carpets in the gent's room  3 5
1 Large carpet  11
1 Mahog'y wash Desk bottle &c  1 2 6

Journal. 1 7
£ s. d.
1 Mahog'y Close Stool — part broke  110
2 Matrasses  4 10
1 Pair andirons, tongues, fender & shovel  3 10
1 Pair do " " " "  3 17 6
IPair do " " " "  1 17 6
1 Pair Dogirons in Great Kitchen  3
1 Pot Eache " " "  4
A Eoasting Fork  2 6
A Plate Basket  3
1 Mahog'y Spider make tea table  1 11
1 Old Skreen  10
1 Carpet  2 15
1 Pair Bellows & Brush  11
2 Window Curtins  2
1 Large Marble Morter  1 1
1 Pot Eache in the cellar  1 7 6
2 Mahog'y Card Tables  4
A bed a pair of blankets & 19 quilts or coverlets Pil
lows Bolsters &c 1 Mahog y card Table for Col° Lee 11
£169.12.6
The following admirable description of the estate is taken
from an advertisement in the Pennsylvania Qasette of Phila
delphia, October 19, 1774 :
" To BE RENTED FROM TEAR TO TEAR, OR FOR A TERM OF
"tears, — Belvoir, the beautiful seat of the Honorable Geo.
" W. Fairfax, Esq., upon the Potomac river, in Fairfax county,
" about 14 miles below Alexandria.
" The mansion is of brick, two stories high, with four con-
" venient rooms, and a large passage on the lower floor ; five
" rooms and a large passage on the second ; servants' hall and
" cellar below ; convenient to it are ofiices, stables and coach-
" house ; adjacent is a large and well furnished garden stored
" with a great variety of fruits, all in good order.
" Appertaining to the tract on which these houses stand and
" which contains near 2,000 acres (surrounded in a manner by
"navigable water), are several valuable fisheries and a good-deal
" of clear land in different parts which may be let all together
" or separately as shall be found most convenient.
3

1 8 Journal.
" The terms may be known of Colonel Washington who lives
" near the premises, or of me in Berkeley county.
" Francis Willis, Junior."
The estate was leased to the Eev. Andrew Morton for a term
of seven years. Unfortunately the mansion was destroyed by
fire only a few years later. The owner's long absence, and the
fact that there was no house to invite a careful tenant, together
with the excitement and derangement of business incident to
the war for independence, caused the estate rapidly to depre
ciate in value. Early in 1775 Washington relinquished the
agency of George W. Fairfax's business in America, as his time
was fully taken up in directing tbe momentous affairs of the
Eevolution. ^ George William Fairfax, eldest son of the Hon. William
Fairfax, of "Belvoir," Va., was born in Nassau, New Provi
dence, West Indies, in 1724. His father having been appointed
to the custom house in Salem, Massachusetts, he was taken to
that town and resided there until 1734, about which time his
father accepted the agency of Lord Fairfax's lands in Virginia,
and removed to that province. For a time he resided in West
moreland county, Va., but after a couple of years he settled
upon and developed the " Belvoir" estate on the Potomac river.
George William Fairfax was educated in England, and coming
to his majority settled at "Belvoir," and married Sarah,
daughter of Col. Wilson Cary, of Hampton, Va., who some
writers, on rather apocryphal testimony, endeavor to show was
an object of Washington's ardent devotion when a mere youth.
The same compliment has also been claimed for her sister Mary,
who married Edward Ambler, and for other belles of that
period in Virginia, as well as in some of the other colonies.
George W. Fairfax, after his marriage, resided part of the time
at "Belvoir," and part at " Greenway Court," as agent of Lord
Fairfax, iu the vicinity of which he owned and cultivated
lands. On his father's death in 1757 he inherited "Belvoir,"
where he continued to reside until the summer of 1773, when,
accompanied by his wife, he went to England to look after
some property he had inherited there. The proprietors of
" Belvoir" and " Mount Vernon" and their families were al
ways on the most friendly terms, as the letters extant of each
attest, and Washington's diaries fully confirm. Mr. Fairfax

Journal. 1 9
favored the early protests by the colonies and petitions to the
king in the interests of the colonies, but opposed measures look
ing to forcible resistance. Washington consented to act as his
agent while he was absent, presuming his stay in England would
be of short duration. But a complication of matters detained
him abroad so that he instructed his agent to sell off his stock
at " Belvoir" and lease the property. A sale was accordingly
held on the estate in August, 1774, which continued two days.
A second and further sale was held in December the same
year. The property was leased in 1774 for seven years, but
shortly after this the mansion house was burned down and never
rebuilt. During the Eevolutionary war some of Mr. Fairfax's
property in Fairfax county was escheated to the state. His loss
of income from America led him to limit his expense, he there
fore removed from Yorkshire to Bath aud lived in a modest
way, dividing generously, from his limited means, with the
American prisoners of war held in England. He had no chil
dren. A friendly correspondence was kept up between him
and Washington to the close of his life. He was urged to re
turn to America, but his mansion at " Belvoir " having been de
stroyed by fire he kept putting it off and never returned. He
left "Belvoir" and some other landed property to Ferdinand,
son of his half-brother, Rev. Bryan Fairfax, and died at Bath in
England, April 3, 1787, and was buried in Wirthlington church.
His will appointed George Washington as one of his executors.
His -wife survived him until 1812. Her remains were placed
by the side of her husband's.
* George Neville, Esq., was among the earliest planters to
settle in the westei'n part of Prince William county, Va. As
early as, or before 1730, he selected a large body of desirable
land lying on the main road by way of Ashby's Gap from
Fredericksburg to Winchester. Here his residence was beauti
fully situated on high, healthy and productive land near the
head springs of Bull Run, a tributary of the Occoquan river,
and 34 miles from Fredericksburg, the head of tide water on
the Eappahannock river. Squire Neville, the proprietor of this
fine estate, as he was usually called, was a man of steady and
industrious habits, possessed a fine constitution, gentle in his
manners, and cultured in his tastes, enterprising and thrifty,
with a genius for overcoming such difficulties as always beset

20 Journal.
the path of the pioneer in a new country. A.8 the lands to the
west of him, and particularly those in the Shenandoah valley
beyond the Blue Eidge, began to attract settlers the travel on
the road past his house became considerable, and as a matter of
accommodation to the public he opened an ordinary and kept
a store for general merchandizing. Neville's Ordinary was a
land mark, and is to be found on Fry and Jefferson's Map of
Virginia, as well as on Governor Pownall's and other early maps
of Virginia. In 1750 Washington surveyed for Mr. Neville
400 acres of land. By marriage George Neville was related to
the Fairfax family of Virginia. His wife, Ann Burronghs, was
a cousin to Lord Thomas Fairfax of " Greenway Court," the pro-
Erietor of the Northern Neck of Virginia. Squire Neville and
is wife were blessed with a numerous family of healthy sons
and daughters, who inherited the sturdy virtues of their parents,
and who founded families for themselves, and whose descen
dants are to be found throughout the southern and western
states. Joseph Neville, son of Geerge, was a prosperous
planter in the western part of Prince William county, Va., in
1760. (See Washington's Diary.) He served as a colonel in the
Eevolution, was one of the commissioners for running the
boundary line between Pennsylvania and Virginia, and was a
member of Congress 1793-5 ; died in Hardy county, Va., 1819.
John Neville, another son, was colonel of the 4th Virginia
regiment in the Eevolution, and brigadier-general in the Penn
sylvania militia at the close of the war. He was born in Vir
ginia 26 July, 1731 . From his youth he had a fondness for
military affairs and served in the Braddock expedition, and also
in the Dunmore Indian war. He and his brothers were early
and life-long friends of General Washington, the acquaintance
beginning when they were youths. At an early date John
Neville took up considerable tracts of land in Frederick and
Augusta counties, Va. He resided for some years in the
Shenandoah valley, being at one time sheriff of Frederick
county. He also acquired large tracts of land on Chartier's
creek in Pennsylvania, and had built himself a house prepara
tory to taking up his residence there, when the Eevolutionary
war began, in which he took an active and honorable part.
This event postponed, for some years, his removal with his
faraily to Pennsylvania. On the 24th August, 1754, he was
united in marriage to Winifred Oldham, by whom he had two

Journal. 2 1
children, a son and a daughter, Presley and Amelia. Presley
Neville married Nancy, daughter of General Daniel Morgan,
and tbey became tbe progenitors of the large and influential
family of Nevilles of Pittsburg, Pa. Colonel Presley Neville,
as he was called, served in the Eevolution for three years on
the staff of General Lafayette. Amelia Neville married Major
Isaac Craig of the Eevolution, and they became the founders
of the well known and esteemed family of Craigs of Pittsburg.
— Eagles Pennsylvania Genealogies.
° Prince William county, Va., formed in 1730 from Stafford
and King George counties, erabraced territory extending frora
the Potomac river on the east to the summit of the Blue Eidge
on the west ; it was divided from Loudoun county by the Oc
coquan and Bull Eun streams. Prior to 1822 the county seat
was at Dumfries, but at that date it was removed to Brentville.
Saturday March 12"' this Morning M"" James Genn
y* surveyor^ came to us, we travel'd over y'= Blue
Ridge' to Cap' Ashbys^ on Shannondoah River,'
Nothing remarkable happen'd.
^ James Genn, a licensed surveyor in Virginia, much em
ployed by Lord Fairfax, and frequently mentioned by Wash
ington, and whose name often appears signed to surveys in
which the latter was engaged, as the surveyor or director, is
doubtless the person to whom reference is here made.
' Blue Eidge — the most easterly of the mountain ranges of
the United States. The name properly restricted however, ap
plies especially to that portion of the Appalachian range south
of the Potomac river. In some parts of Pennsylvania it is
known as Kittatinny and at some places in Maryland as South
Mountain. It attains its greatest altitude in Virginia at the
Peaks of Otter, which are about 4,000 feet above sea level.
^ Capt. Ashby resided on the Shenandoah river above Bur
well's island and the great bend of that stream, at which place
he maintained a ferry and kept a house of entertainment. It
was on the natural line by which travel came from the tide
water region of Virginia, through a gap in the Blue Eidge and
across the Shenandoah yalley to the country beyond. Being a

2 2 Journal.
man of great courage and usefulness, lie was deservedly popu
lar among the early settlers, and his name was given not only
to his ordinary but also to the gap and to the ferry. There
was, too, a Fort Ashby on Patterson creek, near the town of
Frankfort. There are numerous families bearing the name of
Ashby throughout the southern and western states, who are
probably descendants of this famous pioneer. General Turner
W. Ashby, an officer of distinction in the Confederate army, is
presumably of this family. The name still attaches to the gap
in the mountains, but it has been superseded at the old ferry.
' Shenandoah river — this is the largest tributary of the Po
tomac. The name is of Indian origin, and in the aboriginal
language is said to signify "the daughter of the stars." Ker
cheval, in his History of the Valley of Virginia, says the name
was first written Gerando, then Sherandoch, and now we have
Shenandoah. The river has its head in Augusta county near
the divide where the head-waters of the James river take their
rise. The Shenandoah flows for about 170 miles through a
broad valley over a limestone bed between the North mountain
on the one side and the Blue Eidge on the other, to the Poto
mac river at Harper's Ferry. This valley was the theater of
many important military operations during the late war. The
name of Sherando is perpetuated in the name of a post-office in
Augusta county on the head-waters of the Shenandoah.
Sunday March 13 Rode to his Lordships Quarter'"
about 4 Miles higher up y River we went through
most beautiful Groves of Sugar Trees & spent y" best
part of y Day in admiring y^ Trees & richness of y*"
Land. ^^ Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord and Baron of Cameron, born in
England in 1691, died at his residence " Greenway Court,"
Frederick county, Virginia, on _ the 12th of December, 1781.
His remains were interred within the Episcopal church of Win
chester, Va. His residence and other improvements were fa
miliarly called " Quarters " and " Hunting Lodge," chiefly be
cause he had in contemplation the erection of a commodious
mansion. Lord Fairfax was the son of Thomas, 5th Lord Fair-

Journal. 23
fax and his wife Catherine, daughter of Lord Culpeper, once
governor of Virginia. He was educated at Oxford and after
ward held a coraraission in the British array. He was a fine
scholar, and is said to have been a contributor to The Spectator.
He succeeded to his father's title and to his mother's extensive
landed estate known as the " Northern Neck of Virginia," ly
ing between the Potomac and Eappahannock rivers and esti
mated at 5,700,000 acres. For some years after coming into
possession of this property it was left in the hands of agents.
He finally employed his cousin, the Hon. William Fairfax, son
of Henry and Anne (Harrison) Fairfax, as his agent in the
management of his lands. About 1739 Lord Fairfax first
visited his estate in America. For a year he devoted himself
to becoming thoroughly acquainted with his possessions and
then returned to England. Four years later, in 1745, he le-
turned to this country and for a time made his home at " Bel
voir," the seat of his relative and agent.
A branch office for the sale of lands in the valley of Virginia,
had been opened in Frederick county in 1742. The main office
and records, however, were not removed from " Belvoir " until
1761. Lord Fairfax built for himself a stone lodge with quarters
for his servants, reserving around it a manor of 10,000 acres
which he called " Greenway Court." The lodge was about
twelve miles south-east of Winchester, at which place he pur
posed to build a castle, but this was never erected. His lodge
was, however, sufficiently spacious for him to live in comfort
ably, and exercise a generous hospitality. He possessed a
good library and was frequently visited by men of note whom
he entertained in an elegant manner. He was fond of the
chase and took an active interest in the management of his
estate, as well as in the affairs of the colony, as his letters fully
prove. He identified himself with the people as far as was
practicable, and was deservedly popular. He served as lieu
tenant of Frederick county in the militia organizations ; pre
sided as one of the judges in the county courts at Winchester,
and was an overseer of the public roads.
He met at " Belvoir," George Washington, when a youth,
and, pleased with his energy and talents, employed him to
survey lands beyond the Blue Eidge, which were to be sold.
This was Washington's first remunerated employment. The

24 Journal.
acquaintance thus begun, ripened into a friendship that was
cherished by both through life.
Although a frank loyalist, his age and prudence in refraining
from all participation in the Eevolutionary struggle, protected
him from being interfered with either by the government or
by his neighbors. He died at the age of ninety-three, before
peace was restored. His barony and its prerogatives, according
to English law, descended, in the absence of a son, to his eldest
brother, Eobert, who thus became 7th Lord Fairfax. The
latter died in Leeds Castle, England, 1791, without a son.
The baronial title then fell to the Eev. Bryan Fairfax, of
"Towlston Hall," Fairfax county, Va., who died 7 August,
1802. The great landed estates with their entails were, how
ever, in effect confiscated by the success of the Eevolution.
The Legislature of Virginia in 1785 passed an act in relation to
the " Northern Neck " to the following effect. " And be it
further enacted, that the land holders within the said district
of the Northern Neck shall be for ever hereafter exhonorated
and discharged from composition and quit rents, any laws, cus
toms or usage, to the contrary notwithstanding." Eevised Code
of the Laws of Virginia, vol. 1, p. 351, 2, 3. " Greenway Court '"
was devised by his lordship to his nephew, Eev. Denny Martin,
residing in England, on condition of his obtaining the consent of
Parliament to change bis name to Fairfax. This was done, and
he was afterward known as " Denny, Lord Fairfax." Like his
uncle, he left no children and therefore bequeathed the estate to
two maiden sisters in England. The legatees of the Fairfax
estate sold their interest to Chief Justice John Marshall,
Ealeigh Colston, Esq. and General Henry Lee. They divided
it up and sold it out in small farms, and quieted the titles. It
is believed that no part of this vast body of Fairfax land is now
held by any member of the family. — Sparks, Drake and
others.
Monday 14"' We sent our Baggage to Cap' Hites"
(near Frederick Town)"'' went ourselves down y^ River
about 16 Miles to Cap' Isaac Penningtons (the Land
exceeding Rich & Fertile all y" way produces
abundance of Grain Hemp Tobacco Sjc") in order

ot

c^m/om

Journal. 25
to Lay of some Lands on Gates Marsh & Long
Marsh. '3
*' Capt. Joist Hite came to Virginia from Pennsylvania in
1732 with his family, settled on the Opequan creek about five
miles south of the town of Winchester. The year before he
had bought from John and Isaac Van Meter a warrant for
nearly 40,000 acres of land in the Shenandoah valley which
they had obtained from Governor Gooch of Virginia in 1730.
Capt. Hite brought with him frora Pennsylvania sixteen
families, all of whom settled in the same vicinity on fine arable
ground. They were all judges of good lands and devoted to
agriculture. The descendants of Hite are quite numerous
throughout the southern and south-western states, and many
farms in the valley are still held under titles derived from him.
Kercheval says, Joist Hite built a stone house on the Opec-
quan shortly after his coming to the valley. It is still standing
and has a very ancient appearance though there are no discov
erable marks to fix tbe date. On the wall plate of a frame
bam, however, built by Hite, the figures " 1747 " are plainly
marked and can still be read.
12 a Frederick Town," properly Winchester, is the capital of
Frederick county, Va. The latter was formed out of Orange
county by Act of Assembly of Virginia in 1738, at the same
time that Augusta county was formed. The choice of this site
for the capital of the county was determined by the simple fact
that a few hardy, adventurous Indian traders, as early as 1732
or even before that date, had built themselves cabins at this
point known as the " Big Shawane Springs." These settlers
gradually attracted others until a village was developed. This
spring or one near it, an example of the great springs which are
to be found in most limestone regions, furnishes the town of
Winchester, to the present time, with an abundant supply of
pure potable water. The site of the town was, all things consid
ered, well chosen, in a fertile region and on the line of travel,
whether across the valley to the Alleghany mountains and the
waters of the Ohio river beyond, or along the great valley of
the Shenandoah. James Wood was the projector of the town
of Winchester, which was incorporated in 1752 by the Assem
bly of Virginia. However, twenty-six lots had been laid out
4

26 Journal.
and sold by James Wood prior to this. Lord Fairfax
shortly after this date made an addition to the town, and do
nated the ground for an Episcopal church, Frederick county
early took measures to give protection to its settlers by building
forts, making roads and establishing ferries. Its productive soil
at the same time bountifully rewarded tbe husbandman for bis
labor. As the Frederick county courts were held at Winches
ter, the people adopted the southern habit of calling tbe place
where the courts met by tbe name of the county, thus it was
frequently spoken of as "Frederick Town and is so designated
in several of the early raaps. Fort Loudoun was erected here
by direction of the Asserably of Virginia in 1756, under the
immediate supervision of Major Wasnington.
^' Gate's marsh and Long marsh — these are names of small
streams which flow from the foot hill of North mountain to
the Shenandoah river and have along their course considerable
meadow or marshy land. Long marsh is of sufficient import
ance to be named upon the maps of Virginia.
Tuesday 15"' We set out early with Intent to Run
round y'= s*^ Land but being taken in a Rain Se it In
creasing very fast obliged us to return, it clearing about
one oClock & our time being too Precious to Loose
we a second time ventured out & Worked hard till
Night & then return'd to Penningtons we got our
Suppers & was Lighted into a Room & I not being
so good a Woodsman as y" rest of my Company
striped myself very orderly & went in to y^ Bed as
they called it when to my Surprize I found it to be
nothing but a Little Straw — Matted together without
Sheets or any thing else but only one thread Bear
blanket with double its Weight of Vermin such as
Lice Fleas &c'^ I was glad to get up (as soon as y
"For comments on fleas and other vermin see note 4.
Washington's " Eules of Civility and Decent Behaviour," p. 14,

Journal. 2 7
Washington's association with frontiersmen in their primitive
cabins, whioh the position of a surveyor in the then almost
unbroken forest necessitated, was to him a new and peculiar
experience. His observations and reflections of the first few
days are recorded with a naivete which is truly charming.
Light was carried from us) I put on my Cloths &
Lays as my Companions. Had we not have been very
tired I am sure we should not have slep'd much that
night I made a Promise not to Sleep so from that
time forward chusing rather to sleep in y. open Air
before a fire as will appear hereafter.
March y. 15"" 1747-8 Survey'd for George Fairfax
Esqr. a Tract of Land lying on Gates Marsh and Long
Marsh Begining at three Red Oaks Fx on a Ridge
the N° Side a Spring Branch being corner to y° 623
Acre Tract & Extending thence N° 30° E'436 poles to
a Large Hickory and Red Oak Fx near John Cozines
house thence N° 60° W' 90 Poles to a Large White Oak
Fx thence N° 7° E' 365 poles to Long Marsh 420 poles
to 2 Red Oaks and W: Oak in a Poyson'd field'^ by a
'° This probably has reference to some pernicious weeds un
favorable to tillage and injurious to grazing animals, as St.
John's wort. Farmers believe that this, and certain other
noxious weeds which occasionally invade pasture fields, cause
sore mouths and legs in horses and horned cattle and affect the
milk of cows grazing where it grows.
Road thence N° 65° W' 134 Poles to a W: Oak by
y^ s*^ Marsh thence crossing y° Marsh S° 20° W' 126
poles to another Branch: of Long Marsh 218 poles to
a Red Oak Fx thence N° 80° W' 558 po: to a Large
Red Oak & White Oak Fx in a Valley thence S

28 Journal.
25° W' 144 poles to a Black Walnut in a Poysond
Field by a Lime stone Rock thence S" 33^° E' 96 to
a White Oak thence S° 20 E' 316 po. to three Red
Oaks in a Bottom in W" Johnstones line thence with
Johnstones S° 80° E' 30 po to a Double Hickory Coll°
Blackburns corner 114 po to 3 Hickorys Johnstones
corner & corner to y"' afores'^ 623 Acre Tract thence
along y^ lines thereof East 280 poles to 3 Red Oaks
finally along another of the lines thereof S 15° E' 262
po. to y" beginning Henry Ashby ) .
T3 T- r Chatnmen.
Richard Taylor j
Robert Ashby Marker.
W^ LiNDSY Pilot.
Wednesday 16"^ We set out early & finish'd about
one oClock & then Travell'd up to Frederick Town
where our Baggage came to us we cleaned ourselves
(to get Rid of y. Game'^ we had catched y. Night
before) & took a Review of y. Town & thence re
turn'd to our Lodgings where we had a good Dinner
prepar'd for us Wine & Rum Punch'' in Plenty & a
" This facetious term "game," referring to his misfortune
the first night he lodged in the valley, has a touch of humor in
it ; and while it is true that Washington was not given to pun
ning or indulging in witticisms, he was not deficient in imagin
ation or unappreciative of the exercise of this talent on suitable
occasions by others. He knew that good humor minimized
most of the petty annoyances of life.
" The office and art of tbe surveyor were held in high esteem
by the early settlers. It is, therefore, not surprising that the
people for -whom surveys were executed, made special efforts to
give the surveying parties good dinners, even going so far as to

Journal. 29
set before them " wine and rum punch." I may add here that
there is neither tradition nor record that Washington was ever
known to have been indiscreet from youth to age in the use of
¦wine or strong drinks.
good Feather Bed'^ with clean Sheets which was a
very agreeable regale.
Thursday 1 7'^ Rain'd till Ten oClock & then clear
ing we reached as far as Major Campbells one of
there Burgesses about 25 Miles from Town, nothing
Remarkable this day nor Night but that we had a
Tolerable good Bed lay on.
Fryday 18'^ We Travell'd up about 35 Miles to
Thomas Barwicks on Potomack'^ where we found y.
River so excessively high by Reason of y. Great
1' Feather beds, a great luxury in former times, have nearly
gone out of use among well-to-do people. By the wealthy, as
well as by the laborers, they were once a greatly prized comfort
and often devised by will as valuable inheritances. Hair,
cotton and spring mattresses have displaced them from popular
favor, but "clean sheets" belong to the category of comforts
in even early times and must be a delight and joy forever.
*' Cohongornton — the Indian name by which the Potomac
river was known to the Six Nations and other tribes of Indians.
From its bead-waters, to Point Lookout in the Chesapeake
bay, this stream is the dividing line between Maryland and
Virginia. Rains that had fallen up about y. Allegany Mountains
as they told us which was then bringing down y.
melted Snow & that it would not be fordable for
severall Days it was then above Six foot Higher than
usual & was rising we agreed to stay till Monday we
this day call'd to see y. Fam'd Warm Springs"" we
^ The " Warm Springs," now known as " Bath " or "Berke
ley Springs," were already famed, as Washington notes, in

30 Journal.
1747. They were deservedly popular for many years, but their
remoteness and the difficulty of access to them, with the cora-
petition of other resorts more easily reached, prevented their
receiving the attention which tbe value of their waters merited.
A settlement sprang up about the springs at an early date,
which finally became a prosperous village under the name of
Bath, and was made the county seat when, in 1820, the county
of Morgan was formed. Washington bought lots here, built a
cottage and stables, and passed summers here with his family.
His half-brother, Lawrence, spent nearly a year at the springs
for the benefit of his health before going to England and later
to Barbadoes. The property-right in the springs is inthe state
of Virginia, and is held for the benefit of the public.
camped out in y. field this Night Nothing Remark
able happen'd till sonday y. 20"'
Sonday 20"^ finding y. River not much abated we in
y. Evening Swam our horses over & carried them to
Charles Polks in Maryland for Pasturage till y. next
Morning. Monday 21^' We went over in a Canoe & Travell'd
up Maryland side all y. Day in a Continued Rain to
Coll° Cresaps"' right against y. Mouth of y. South
Branch"" about 40 Miles from Polks I believe y. worst
Road that ever was trod by Man or Beast.
^' Cresap, Col. Thomas, the founder of the family in Amer
ica, was born in Skipton, Yorkshire, England, and at the age
of about fifteen came to America. Some five years later he
resided at Havre-de-Grace, Md., where he married a Miss John
son. Eemoving thence to Wright's Ferry, opposite the town
of Columbia, where he obtained a Maryland title to a 500 acre
tract of land called " Peach Bottom," and built himself a small
stone house. The land, however, was on disputed territory,
and claimants under the laws of Pennsylvania finally dispos
sessed him. His next move was to a locality in what is now
Washington county, Md., where he located and settled upon a

Journal, 3 1
tract of 1,400 acres on the Antietam creek, called " Long
Meadows," and began trading with the Indians. After col
lecting a large lot of furs and skins he shipped them to Eng
land but was financially ruined through the capture of the ves
sel by the French. Unable to repay money he had borrowed
from Mr. Dulany, of Maryland, he gave up to bim his land,
and moved farther west, built a cabin a few miles above the
junction of the north and south branches of the Potomac, on
the Maryland side, at a place which became known as " Old
Town," but which he called Skipton, the name of his York
shire birthplace. This frontier spot became his permanent
residence, where he eventually owned a large body of land on
both sides of the Potomac. From his familiarity with the In
dians and their habits and character, he was enabled to carry
on with great advantage his trade with them and in time be
came the most important frontiersman of his day in Maryland.
He took part with the Washingtons, Lee, Mason and others in
the forraation and early operations of " The Ohio Company,"
aud in all matters of dealing with the Indians and prospecting
for wild lands was the Company's chief dependence. With
the aid of Namacolin, a noted Indian hunter, he laid out the
first road over the Alleghany mountains to the head-waters of
the Ohio. Gen. Braddock's expedition, and later the National
road, followed nearly the same route. The attention attracted
to the Ohio region through this Company's explorations, raade
it increasingly iraportant to both England and France to pos
sess and control the lands beyond the Ohio. This vigilance
precipitated the war that drove out the French and secured to
England and Araerica the vast dominion known as the North
west. Col. Cresap's literary acquirements were small, but he had a
vigorous mind, strong common sense, and was not deficient
in practical self-education. He was one of the surveyors of
Prince George's county which, at that period, embraced all the
western part of Maryland. January 1, 1745, he surveyed for
Gov. Thomas Bladen " Walnut Bottom " just below the mouth
of Wills creek. He frequently represented his county in the
Legislature and being noted for his clear understanding, sound
judgment, firmness and courage, was esteemed one of the best
legislators his county ever had. He was of medium stature,
firmly set, of sound constitution, and lived to the uncommon

32 Journal.
age of 105 or 106. He was twice married, the second time at
the age of 80 ; by his first wife he had five children ; three
sons, Daniel, Thomas and Michael, and two daughters, Sarah
and Elizabeth. Captain Michael Cresap was the person upon
whom Thomas Jefferson fixed the stigma of the murder of the
relatives of Logan. Jefferson having transmitted the pathetic
speech of the Indian chief to the Abbe Eaynal as an evidence
of the original power of oratory of the aboriginal American, it
is claimed more in a spirit of literary conceit than of conviction;
however he failed d uring his life to correct the injustice done
Cresap, although he was repeatedly furnished -wilh the evidence
exculpating Cresap and fixing the barbarous act on one Great-
house. At his home. Col. Cresap dispensed, for his time and
means, a generous hospitality to all callers, in a region where,
as yet, no public houses were to be found. He kept a big
kettle ready suspended to place a fire under, near a spring for
the use of the Indians who often passed his place, and for this
reason they designated him the " Big Spoon." Lord Baltimore
employed him to run a survey of the western line of Mary
land, and to ascertain which of the two branches of the Poto
mac was the largest. His autograph map of this survey is still
preserved in the archives of the state of Maryland.
^^ The South Branch of the Potomac, of which the Indian
name was Wappotomaka, rises in Pendleton county. West Vir
ginia, araong the spurs of the Alleghany and North mountains,
and meets the North Branch about 20 miles below Cumber
land, Md. The latter branch has been accepted as the dividing
line between Maryland and Virginia, although now known to
be neither as long nor as large as the South Branch. A line
drawn due north from the extreme head-waters of the South
Branch would run ten miles to the west of a parallel line from
the head springs of the North Branch, thus proving the loss by
Maryland of this strip of territory, as well as the region be
tween the two branches, had the South Branch been taken in
stead of the North Branch as the main river referred to in the
Royal Charter, and made the line separating the contiguous
colonies. The valley through which the South Branch flows
is broad and its lands very fertile, causing them to be much
sought after for farms by the hardy pioneers in the early days
before the Eevolution. It was then familiarly known as the
"upper tract" of Virginia.

Journal. 33
Tuesday 22'' Continued Rain and y. Freshes kept
us at Cresaps.
Wednesday 23"* Rain'd till about two oClock &
Clear'd when we were agreeably surpris'd at y. sight
of thirty odd Indians coming from War with only
one Scalp"3 We had some Liquor with us of which
we gave them Part it elevating there Spirits put them
in y. Humour of Dauncing of whom we had a War
Daunce"'* there manner of Dauncing is as follows Viz
They clear a Large Circle & make a Great Fire in y.
middle then seats themselves around it y. Speaker
makes a grand Speech telling them in what Manner
they are to Daunce after he has finish'd y. best
Dauncer Jumps up as one awaked out of a Sleep &
Runs & Jumps about y. Ring in a most comicle Man
ner he is followed by y. Rest then begins there Mu
sicians to Play y° Musick is a Pot half of Water with
a Deerskin Streched over it as tight as it can & a
goard with with some Shott in it to Rattle & a Piece
of an horses Tail tied to it to make it look fine y. one
keeps Rattling and y. other Drumming all y. while y.
others is Dauncing
^ Scalp — a term applied to the tissues covering the human
head, and embracing all the hairy integuments and fiattened
muscles from the back of the skull to the brow above the
eyes. Taking the scalp of an enemy, living or dead, has been
held from reraote times as a special sign of victory ^nd token
of triumph. The North American Indians, particularly during
the early colonial wars, took the scalps of their enemies, pre
serving and exhibiting them with savage pride and occasionally
wearing them as decorations and trophies. The assembly of
Virginia, in 1755, established a reward of £10 for every scalp
6

34 Journal.
of a male Indian above the age of twelve (Hening's Statutes,
vol. VI, p. 551). In 1757 this sum was raised to £15, and £30
more for every scalp taken within tbe next two years (Hening,
VII, p. 122). Maryland and Pennsylvania also offered rewards
for Indian scalps.
"^ The war dance of the Indians probably had a significance
to their minds not understood by civilized man, and was not to
them the meaningless custom it seems to us. It has frequently
been described and painted by eye-witnesses. In 1857 Virtue,
Emmins & Co. copyrighted a very effective engraving of a war
dance in the forest, arranged from Washington's description of
it in this journal.
Fryday 25"' 1 748 Nothing Remarkable on thursday
but only being with y. Indians all day so shall slip
it this day left Cresaps & went up to y. mouth of
Patersons Creek"' & there swam our Horses over got
over ourselves in a Canoe & traveld up y. following
Part of y. Day to Abram Johnstones 15 Miles from
y® Mouth where we camped.
^^ Paterson Creek rises in Hampshire county. West Virginia,
and empties into the Potomac about twelve miles below Cum
berland, Md. On the old maps of Evans, Hutchins and Lewis,
the name is given as Pattison. There are large tracts of good,
arable land along the valley and bottoms adjacent to this stream.
They began to attract settlements a little before the time Fort
Cumberland was built. Fort Ashby was also erected to protect
settlers along this stream.
Saterday 26 Travelld up y^ Creek to Solomon
Hedges Esqr one of his Majestys Justices of y' Peace
for y* County of Frederick where we camped when
we came to Supper there was neither a Cloth upon
y" Table nor a Knife to eat with but as good luck
would have it we had Knives of own."*
^ Knife and fork at table. — Polished nations have usages

Journal. 35
which, at first view, appear natural or common to all mankind.
This, however, is not the fact. That there was a period in the
history of our race when the knife and fork were unknown to
the furnishings of the table, cannot well be doubted ; and there
was even a time when the table itself was not deemed an
essential. At the present day the idea of eating a meal at
table without the accompaniment of a knife and fork would
excite disgust; their absence, however, in a remote Virginia
mountain cabin in 1747-8 as here recorded, simply shows that
they had not been provided nor deemed essential to the life of
a hunter, not an ignorance of their use, as the two-pronged,
iron, table fork was in common use at that period throughout
the settlements in all the American colonies. It is nevertheless
true that the knife and fork now deemed so necessary at table,
are a much more raodern convenience than is generally sup
posed. The king of Hungary, Coevinus, toward the close of
the fifteenth century, as related by Galeotus Martins, ate his
meat with his fingers as did all the guests at table. In Italy,
the fork was, to a limited extent, in use at this time among
the nobility. In France, at the end of the sixteenth century,
forks were comparatively new at court. The use of the table
fork is referred to in " Washington's Rules of Civility and
Decent Behaviour," and in Hawkins' Youths' Companion, the
source of these rules printed about 1650. The knife is perhaps
one of the most ancient of instruments, it was made of different
metals and in a great variety of forms. The table knife was,
however, contemporary with the fork. According to Chamber-
lin it was first made in England, in 1563. The use of the fork
at table spread to Europe from Venice, in Italy. In 1608 it
was brought to England by Thomas Coryate who, while travel
ing, observed its use in Italy and continued it himself on his
return to England. (See his work entitled " Crudities.") It
is rather disappointing that neither the Greeks nor Eomans
have even a name for tbe table fork. The fiesh fork, called
credgra, with a long handle, for cooks to take meat out of a
boiling pot, was known and used by the Hebrews and the
Greeks. But had the table fork been used by the latter or by
the Eomans, some specimens would have been found among
those extensive ruins which have been so carefully explored by
modern investigators. It is known that some articles have
been found, the use of which conjecture assigns to the table,

36 Journal.
but they are not forks and the surmise is not generally credited.
The Chinese, who claim to have led the rest of the world in
most of the economic inventions, seem to have overlooked the
table fork and do not even now use it in cutting or conveying
food to the mouth but employ in its stead the "chop sticks"
which, it must be said in their praise, they use with skill and
dexterity. It should be stated that large bronze forks were
used by the Egyptians in presenting offerings to the gods. It
is unpleasant to represent the tables of our ancestors of a few
centuries back as without forks, yet this certainly was the fact.
The silver table fork, which also had its evolution from two to
four prongs, was first manufactured in 1662 by Heylin.
The small knife, formerly worn by gentlemen at their girdles,
was used by them, not only as a weapon of defense, but also
as an article of convenience in cutting their meat. However,
the ancient custom of serving food at table was to have a ser
vant cut meats and other food into small morsels before dis
tributing it to guests. The wealthy employed a person whose
special duty it was to carve the meats into proper and conve
nient pieces and his was the only knife in the dining hall.
When the fork was first introduced into England, its employ
ment was ridiculed as an effeminate practice, as may be seen
in the plays of Beaumont and Fletcher, and others where the
persons using it are referred to as "your fork-carving-traveler."
Sunday 27"" Travell'd over to y. South Branch at
tended with y. Esqr to Henry Vanmetriss"' in order
to go about Intended Work of Lots"^
^ Henry Van Metre or Meter. — There was a numerous
family of the Van Meters in Virginia and they were among the
earliest settlers in the valley of the Shenandoah, on the South
Branch and along the upper Potoraac. Kercheval, in his His
tory of the Valley of Virginia, says this family came from New
York and New Jersey. It is evident that they were people of
energy and thrift, judges of good land. At a period antedat
ing the settlements in the valley, it is stated by this historian
that a John Van Meter, a sort of wandering Indian trader, of
New York, accompanied the Delaware Indians in a war party
against the Catawbas ; but the Catawbas anticipating the attack,

Journal. 37
surprised and defeated the Delav^ares in a battle fought near
where the present court-house of Pendleton stands. John Van
Meter escaped and returned to New York, but he was so im
pressed with the beauty and fertility of the lands on the South
Branch bottom in Hardy county, that he advised his sons to secure
lands and locate there. Of these sons, Isaac became a man of
note and frequently represented Hardy county in the House of
Delegates of Virginia. He was a member of the Virginia Con
vention of 1788 which ratified the Federal Constitution. In
1730, it is a matter of history that John and Isaac Van Metre,
brothers, obtained from Gov. Gooch, of Virginia, a warrant for
40,000 acres of land to be located west of the mountains. This
warrant, or a part of it, they sold to Joist Hite. A number of
tracts on the original warrant were surveyed in the vicinity of
Shepherdstown. The name of Van Meter is still frequently met
with throughout West Virginia and has its monument in a
stream forming the north-western boundary line of Jefferson
county and emptying into the Potomac, and named on the
maps of Virginia Van Meter's Marsh. A controversy as to
the validity of the Van Metre patent was raised in 1738 by
Lord Fairfax and taken into the courts for adjudication. Lord
Fairfax contending that his grants covered the whole of the
western end of the northern neck, while the holders claimed
that the governor, under authority from the crown, had dispos
ing power. This confiict as to title was a source of much litiga
tion, and was not finally settled until after the Eevolution,
when all the parties to the original suits were dead.
^ Lots. — This term, as used by surveyors, indicates portions,
tracts, divisions and subdivisions of land. Each survey, lot or
division when plotted is usually indicated by some name or de
vice, as a number, a letter, or a symbol. So that each can then
be described and referred to in a deed or an advertisement, and
its location and boundaries be accurately and systematically de
fined and described in a book of land records.
Monday 28"": Travell'd up y Branch about 30 Miles
to M' James Rutlidges"' Horse Jockey & about 70
Miles from y* Mouth
^' James Eutledge. — Kercheval, in his History of the Valley

38 Journal.
of Virginia, says that prominent among the earliest settlers on
the South Branch, before the arrival of the Van Meters, were
the Howards, Coburns, Walkers and Eutledges.
Tuesday 29"* This Morning went out & Survey'd
five Hundred Acres of Land & went down to one
Michael Stumps on y'= S° Fork of y* Branch on our
way Shot two Wild Turkies'"
** The wild turkey. — This is the largest and finest of our
game birds and, although native to North America, it bears a
foreign name from the foUowing circumstances. Specimens
of the living bird, as well as its eggs, were sent by the early
Jesuit missionaries tothe old world on Spanish and Portuguese
ships, entering Europe through Portugal. It was as yet un
named, and was at first referred to by writers of that period
merely as the " Jesuit bird." As it became known, the demand
for the stranger was supplied chiefiy from Turkey where, for
some reason, it thrived exceedingly well, and in time it came
to be familiarly spoken of as "the turkey." Gradually becom
ing tame, and proving to be quite prolific, it was recognized as a
great addition to the luxuries of the table. Speedily becoming
a favorite in every country to which it was taken, the great forests
and game preserves throughout Europe were gradually stocked
with it and it was also raised as a domestic fowl. To-day the
American turkey, derived as stated, is found wild in all the
great forests of the old world, while the domesticated bird is
abundantly raised everywhere in Europe for the markets. In
ancient times, we are told, the choicest game fowls brought to
a feast were pheasants and peacocks . Emigrants to America
brought over with them the domesticated bird to its native land,
but under a borrowed name. Washington, in his journal,
April 7, 1748, records the fact that one of his men that day
had killed a wild turkey weighing 20 pounds. The domesti
cated bird, when permitted to attain the age of two or three
years, and being well fed during the winter months, often
reaches the weight of 30 pounds or more. As marking in a
degree the devastation of the late war and the enforced aban
donment of plantations in the section of Virginia adjacent to
the city of Washington, it is a fact worthy of record, that in

Journal. 39
1876 the newspapers chronicled the news that the thickets and
pine forests which were grown up since the armies left were
tenanted by wild deer and turkeys ; foxes, etc. And to this
day, December 25, 1890, wild turkeys are brought to the
Washington market killed in Fairfax county, Va., within ten
miles of Washington city. — Gentlemen! s Magazine.
March 29*^: 1748 Survey'd for M"' James Rutlidge
y"= following a piece of Land Beginning at 3 W. O. in
y'= Mannor Line'' by a Path leading to y. Clay Lick^".
& Extending thence N° 44° W' 164 po. to a White
Oak by a Drain at y^ foot of a Mountain thence N°
46° E' 487 po. to 2 White Oaks near a Branch call'd
Clay Lick Run thence S° 44° E' 164 po. to 2 W : O :
& a Hickory in y'^ Mannor line Finally along y* Man
nor line Reversed S° 46° W' 487 po to y. Beginning
Henry Ashby ) ^, .
r. T- ?¦ Lfiammen
Richard Taylor j
W^ Duncan Marker
'' Manor line. — In colonial tiraes there were a number of
manors, or great landed estates, granted under the then existing
laws of England, to persons of note and quality in Virginia and
in some of the other provinces. Holders of such estates enjoyed
special rights and privileges. Manors were formerly called
baronies aud entitled the rightful possessor to lordships, and
such lord or baron was erapowered to hold doraestic courts for
redressing raisdemeanors, nuisances and settling disputes among
tenants. Araong the raanors of limited privileges in Virginia
raay be enumerated the " manor of Greenway Court," with a
domain of 10,000 acres. The great " manor of Leeds," which
has figured so extensively in the courts of Virginia, contained
150,000 acres within the counties of Culpeper, Fauquier and
Frederick. The "South Branch manor," in Hardy county,
embraced 55,000 acres ; " Paterson Creek manor," in Hamp
shire county, 9,000 acres ; and " Goony Eun manor," adjoining
that of Leeds and lying chiefly in Shenandoah county, 13,000

40 Journal.
acres. " Beverley's manor," for the most part in Augusta
county, consisted of 118,411 acres, and "Fairfax manor," in
Hampshire, of 10,000 acres. There were still other manors in
different parts of the state. In New York under the Dutch
government the baron or proprietor of the manor lands was
called the patroon.
'^ Clay lick. — Names of places or streams with the word lick
either prefixed or affixed to them, such as " Salt lick," " Blue
lick," " Grass lick," "Licking creek," etc., were usually given
in consequence of the presence of some saline matter in the
springs, streams or soil which attracted the wild animals and
caused thera to lick for the salt. Hunters in new settlements
often built what they called blinds near these licks in which to
conceal themselves, and waited there for the game to come, as
they were pretty sure to do, almost daily, and at times in con
siderable numbers, when they could be readily killed.
Wednesday 30"" This Morning began our Intended
Business of Laying of Lots we began at y* Boundary
Line of y* Northern 10 Miles above Stumps & run
of two Lots & returnd to Stumps
The Courses & Distances of y'^ Several Lots lay'd
of on y"' S° Fork of Wappacomo^' Began March 30'''.
1748 33 " Wappacomo," also spelled " Wappatomaka," was the
Indian narae for the South Branch of the Potomac. This
stream courses through a fine valley from its head-springs in
Pendleton county, and has many considerable branches rising
among the spurs of the Alleghany mountains on the one side
and the North or Oacapehon (Capon) mountain on the other,
the latter separating it from the valley of Virginia on the east.
The great or most noted fork of the South Branch is at More-
field in Hardy county. Washington surveyed much of the
land in that section. The young farmers seeking good lands
had come in taken up considerable tracts and built improve
ments before surveys were made or any effort to prove rights
from either Lord Pairfax or the governor of Virginia.

Journal. 4 1
Lot y'= P' Peter Reeds Begins at a Box Oak &
Hickory F in y. Boundary line about 20 po. above a
Large Spring on y^ West side y^ Fork in a Hollow of
y" Mountains and extending thence N° 65° E' 320 Po.
to a White O: and Hickory on y^ Mountain side
thence S° 60° E' 300 Po: Crossing y= Fork at 106 P:
to 2 Spanish Oaks and W: O on y^ Top of a Hill
thence S° 65 W' 96 to a White Oak on y^ Top of a
Hill thence S° 45 W' 114 po. to a W: O on a Run
thence S° 13 W' 148 to a Pine thence S 45° W' 28
po. to 2 R = O: bushes in y* Boundary line thence
along y. same to y^ Beginning
Lot the 2^ Begins at a W: O & Hickory on a
Mountain side Corner to Lot y® i^' extending y^ Line
S° 60° E' 300 po. to 2 Spanish Oaks and W: O on a
Hill thence N° 30' E' 214 po to 2 W: O near a Branch
thence N° 60° W' 244 po to y. S° Fork 300 po. to a
Ledge of Rocks on a Mountain side thence S° 30 W'
214 to y® Beginning.
Thursday 31^' Early this Morning one of our Men
went out with y" Gun & soon Returnd with two Wild
Turkies we then went to our Business run of three
Lots & returnd to our Camping place at Stumps
March 31='
Lot the 3** Begins at Ledge of Rocks corner to
Lot 2^ extendth thence along y® s"* line S° 60 E' 300
po to 2 W: O near a Branch thence N° 30 E' 214 po
to a Pine on a Hillside near a Run thence N° 60° W'
6

42 Journal.
78 to y. Bottom Ground 202 po. to y" River and 244
po. to a Pine by a Rock on y. Mountain side thence
to y" Beginning S. 30 W' 224 P.
Lot 4"" this Lot survey'd myself Beginning at a
Pine by a Rock on a mountain side Corner to Lot 3"*
& Running the s"^ line S° 60° 244 Poles to a Pine on
a Hill side near a Run thence N° 30° E' 262 P° to 2
Chesnut Oaks and a Pine thence N° 60° W' 98 Pole
to y"' Low Grounds 164 to y"" Fork and 244 P. to a R:
O on a Rock thence S° 30 W' 262 Po to y. Beginning
Lot s"" Begins at a Red O on a Rock Corner to
Lot 4"" & extendeth thence S° 60 E' 244 Poles to 2
Chesnut Oaks & a Pine thence N° 30 E' 262 Po. to
a W: O by a Run thence N° 60 W' 154 po to an ash
108 po to y'= Fork thence N° 86 W' 38 xing y= Fork
78 xing it again and 100 Po: to a R: O on y® moun
tain Side thence S 30 W' 262 Po to y* Beg®
[April i^']
Lot y* 6"^ Anthony Regar Begins at a Red Oak
on a Mountain side Corner to Lot y* 5"* and extend
ing thence along y* s*^ Line S° 86 E' 100 po. to an
Ash thence with another of y'= s*^ lines S° 60 E' 154
po: to a white Oak by a Run thence N° 30 E' 256 po
to 3 pines on a Hill side thence N° 60 W' 200 po: to
y" Low Grounds 320 po to a Poplar standing in y'^
Fork thence to y^ Beg^
Lot y^ 7"" Harmon Shoker & Elias Cellars Begins
at a Poplar standing on y^ S° Fork Corner to Lot y'

Journal. 43
6"' & Running along y^ Line S° 60 E' 244 po to a
Pine on a Hill side thence N 30 E' 262 po by 2
Marked Pines thence N° 60 W' 46 po to y^ Low G:
140 to y'' Fork and 244 po to a Stone on y^ side of a
Mountain thence to y^ Begin® S 30 W'
Lot y° 8"* Vacant'* Beginning at a Rock corner to
lot 7 & Running along y° Line thereof S° 60 E' 244
po by 2 Pines thence N° 35 E' 266 po. to 3 Chesnut
Oaks on a Steep Hill side thence N° 55 E' 54 po. to
y® Low Grounds 80 po. to y'^ Fork 190 po to y" farr
Edge of y^ Low G: 244 po. to a Chesnut Oak on y*
Mountain side thence to y" Begining
^Vacant — this term, as used by surveyors, indicates that
the tract of land so designated is neither claimed by an actual
occupant or occupied by virtue of any official record. Many of
the settlers on the lands of Lord Fairfax selected their farms
and made improvements without any legal survey, warrant or
title, other than a "tomahawk blaze" for a boundary mark,
trusting that the actual owner of the land would recognize the
improvement and occupant's claim and deal justly by them.
These " tomahawk claims " were respected by the actual settlers,
had a market value among land speculators and were admitted,
to a certain extent, as evidence of rights in the courts.
Fryday April y* i^' 1 748 This Morning Shot twice
at Wild Turkies but killd none run of three Lots &
returned to Camp
Saterday April 2"* Last Night was a blowing & Rainy
night Our Straw catch'd a Fire y' we were laying upon
& was luckily Preser.v'd by one of our Mens awaking
when it was in a we run of four Lots this
Day which Reached below Stumps

44 Journal. April 2^
Lot y'' 9""
Begining at Chesnut Oak on y* Mountain side
corner to Lot S"* & Running along y"= Line thereof
S° 55 E' 244 po to 3 Chesnut Oaks on a Steep
Side thence N° 35 E' 262 po to 2 Chesnut Oaks
& a White Oak thence N° 65 E' 80 to y^ Low G: 126
po to y' Fork 244 po to a Hickory at y^ Foot of the
Mountain thence to y^ Beginning S° 35 W' 262 po
this Lot is very Good
Lot id'*' Michael Calb Liveron Begining at a Hick
ory Corner to Lot y^ 9"^ & Runing along y" Line
S° 55 E' 244 Pole to 2 Chesnut Oaks thence N° 35
E' 262 po to 2 pines & a Spanish Oak on y^ Top of a
Hill thence N° 55 W' 84 po to y^ Low G: 230, po to y^
Fork 270 po to a Red O: on y^ Mountain Side thence
to y" Beginning
Lot y^ II"" Leonard Nave Beginning at a Red O:
on y* Mountain side Corner to Lot y* 10"' & Running
along y^ Line S 55 E' 270 Po to 2 Pines on y' Top of
a Hill thence N° 35 E' 262 po. to a Pine on a Hill
side thence N° 55 E 180 po to y° Bottom 248 po to
y^ Fork 274 to an Ash at y'= Foot of y* Mountain
thence to y^ Beg.
Lot 12"' Michael Stumps Begins at an Ash at y'
Foot of y^ Mountain Corner to .Lot 11 & Running
along y^ Line S° 55 E' 274 Po: to a Pine thence N"
25 E' 320 po to 2 Pines thence N° 65 W' 188 po to

Journal. 45
y* Low G: 280 po to 2 Sycamores & a White Wood
tree Standing on y° Fork thence up and Crossing y*
Fork to y'^ Begg
Sunday 3*^ Last Night was a much more blostering
night than y^ former we had our Tent Carried Quite
of with y'' Wind and was obliged to Lie y^ Latter part
of y* night without covering there came several Per
sons to see us this day one of our Men Shot a Wild
Turkic Monday 4"" this morning M"^ Fairfax left us with
Intent to go down to y'' Mouth of y^ Branch we did
two Lots & was attended by a great Company of
People Men Women & Children that attended us
through y* Woods as we went showing there Antick
tricks I really think they seem to be as Ignorant a Set
of People as the Indians they would never speak
English but when spoken to they speak all Dutches
this day our Tent was blown down byy* Violentness
of y* Wind
^ Dutch. — As early as 1730 there was a considerable settle
ment in the Shenandoah valley, of German immigrants and
their descendants, who had first settled in Pennsylvania and
then removed to, and taken up lands in, the valley of Virginia.
They selected, chiefiy, the good limestone lands with their cen
ters of population near the head- waters of the Opequon creek,
in Shenandoah, and the south-western part of Frederick county.
They were all Protestants in religion . The town of Wood
stock was originally and exclusively settled by Germans. The
bill for its incorporation was reported to the House of Burgesses
of Va., by Col. George Washington in 1761. For many years
the German language was exclusively spoken in their settle
ment, and German customs and religious observances were re-

4^ Journal.
tained with tenacity, their remoteness and seclusion securing
to them almost perfect freedom from innovations. The Eev
olution found them patriotic supporters of the colony as against
the pretensions of Great Britain. It was in the town of Wood
stock, Shenandoah county, that Maj. -Gen. John Peter Gabriel
Muhlenberg, minister of the Lutheran church, dressed in his
uniform and with his sword buckled on, preached a farewell
sermon in 1776, to a sympathizing and patriotic congregation,
and the next day marched as colonel at the head of his German
regiment, known subsequently as the 8th Virginia, to join the
Continental array. Such names of places as Strasburg, Ham
burg, Mecklenburg, the latter now known as Shepherdstown,.
etc., perpetuate the fact that many of the earhest settlers in
that section were German. — See Kercheval, p. 158.
April 4*^
Lot y^ 13 Vacant Begins at 2 Sycamores and a
White Wood Tree standing on y'' fork Corner to
Lot 12"^ & Running along y^ Line S° 65 E' 280 po.
to 2 pines thence N° 25 E' 228 Po. to a Spanish Oak
thence N° 65 W' 206 to y^ Low G: 248 po to y^ Fork
280 to a Rock Stone on y° Mountain Side thence to
the Beginning S 25 W' 228 poles
Lot 14"' James Simson's Begins at a Rock Stone on
y'' Mountain Side Corner to Lot y" 13"' & Runs thence
S° 65 E' 280 pole to a Spanish Oak thence N° 25 E'
228 pole to a Large Hickory in a Vally thence N° 65
W' 108 to y' Low G: 180 pole to y"* Fork 280 pole to
3 Red Oaks on y'= Mountain side near a Spring
Branch thence to y* Beginning S 25 W' 228 pole this
Lot I survay'd.
The Courses of y' Fork from Lot 14"' Down to y"=
Mannor Line Beginning at 2 Red Bud Trees^* & a

Journal. 47
^ The Eed Bud or Judas tree. — A,common tree that grows
wild in the United States. In botany it is known as the
" Cercis Canadensis" and often grows to the height of 30 feet
or more. It flowers in April, clothing its hmbs in a reddish-
purple bloom for a week or ten days before its leaves appear,
and from this circumstance it is popularly called red bud.
Black Walnut on y* West side y'' Fork & Running
Down y* Several Courses of y^ Fork N° 9 E' 19 po
N° 34 W' 12 po N° 15 E' 22 po N° 39 E' 24 po N°
12 E' 23 po N° 17 W' 66 po N 6 E' 42 po opposite
to Henry Harris's house N° 26 W' 20 po West 32 op
Phillip Moors house bears N° 86 W' N° 23 W' 48 po
to a Blazed Tree" from here Phillip Moors house bears
S° 54 W' N° 6 W' 33 po N° 28 E' 26 po N" 73 E' 28
po N° 7 W' 85 po to a blazed tree N° 45 W' 24 po. y^
Widow Wolfs^^ house bears S° 52 W' about 60 po. N°
' ^ Blazed trees. — These are surveyors' marks made on trees
to proclaim and identify certain routes or lines. The " blaze "
is made by removing with an axe a strip of the outer bark of a
tree or sapling, for about a foot in length and well into the
inner bark. In the future growth of the tree a lighter color
marks the cicatrix which rarely ever wholly disappears. ' Sur
veyors, to distinguish corner trees in a survey, not only blaze
the sides of the tree in the direction their lines run but cut
three small notches through the bark which wiU remain dis
tinct during the life of the tree.
^ Widow Wolf. — There was a Fort Wolf on Stony creek a
few miles south-west of Woodstock, erected by the Germans at
an early period in the settlement of the valley ; there is also a
marsh or creek named Wolf's marsh, which empties into the
Shenandoah about twelve miles above Ashby's Ferry. Possi
bly these were so called from the name of this widow's hus
band.
65 W' 27 po S° 84 W' 18 po. S 50 W' 14 po S. 19 W

48 Journal.
20 po N° 67 W' 22 po. N° 28 W' 23 po. S° 78 W' 29
po N° 71 W' 25 po. N° 39 W' 19 po N° 3 W' 24
po. X X N° 60 W' 20 po N° 39 W' 20 po N° 8 E' 46 po
to an Ash black Walnut & White Walnut in y"= Man
nor Line on y" s'^ fork thence S° 36 W' along y^
Mannor Line 320 poles to 2 W : O & a R : O.
Tuesday 5"' We went out & did 4 Lots we were
attended by y^ same Company of People y' we had y^
day before April y'= 5"' 1 748
Lot y'= 15"' Phillip Moore Beginning at Lot y"= 14"'
on y'= Fork & Running down y^ Meanders to y"
first Blazed Tree a Black Oak on y'^ Fork thence S"
69 W' 80 to y= Edge of y® Low G : 226 po to a Span
ish Oak thence S° 41 E' 296 po. to a White Oak on
a Mountain side thence N° 40 E' 38 po to 3 Red
Oaks on a Mountain side near a Spring Branch this
Lot very good
Lot y'= 16'^ and 17"' Widow Wolfs and Henry Shep-
lars a Black Smith by trade Begins at a Black Walnut
on y" Fork & Runs S° 1 7 W 76 po to a Red Oak &
Hickory 90 po Crossing y* Road about 20 po: above
y® house 226 po to 2 W: O thence N° 41 W' 96 po
to 2 White Oaks in y^ Mannor line to y'' River the line
of y* 16"' Lot from y* 2 W: O S 41 E'
Lot 18"" Jeremiah Osborne's Begins at a Sycamore
on y* Fork & extending N° 80 E' 2 1 5 po. to a Ches
nut Oak thende South 280 po to a W: O near a Hick-

Journal. 49
ory Corner to Lot y*= 14"^ thence along the line thereof
to y* Fork thence down y" Several Meanders of y"=
Fork to y* Beginning
Wednesday 6"" Last Night was so Intolerably
smoky that we were obliged all hands to leave y^ Tent
to y^ Mercy of y^ Wind and Fire this day was at
tended by our afore*^ Company untill about 1 2 oClock
when we finish'd we travell'd down y^ Branch to
Henry Vanmetris's on our Journey was catch'd in a
very heavy Rain we got under a Straw House untill
y"" Worst of it was over & then continued our
Journey April 6*^
Lot 19 Begg: at a Spanish Oak corner to Lot 18'^
& Runing thence N° 23 W' 350 po to 3 W: O
thence S° 36 W' 164 po 94 to y"= Low G: to 2 Locust
Trees on y"= Fork
Lot y^ 20"* Begg at 2 Locusts on y"= Fork Corner
to Lot 19*^ & Runing along y" Line N° 36 E' 164
po to 3 W: O thence N° 23 W' 250 po 3 Red Oaks
in y^ Manner line thence Down y'' Manner line
Thursday 7"" Rain'd Successively all Last night
this Morning one of our men Killed a Wild Turkic
that weight 20 Pounds we went & Survey'd 15 Hun
dred Acres of Land & Return'd to Vanmetris's about
I o'clock about two I heard that M'^ Fairfax was come
up & at I Peter Casseys about 2 Miles of in y'' same
Old Field39 I then took my Horse & went up to see
7

50 Journal.
^' Old Fields and Wild Meadow. — There were many small,
timberless tracts of land on the raounfains aud in the great
valleys of Virginia and Pennsylvania, in regions which were
generally, prior to the occupation and the clearing up of the
country by the white man, densely covered with trees. Large
tracts of sucli timberless land existed in the region now em
braced within the counties of Berkeley, Jefferson and Frederick.
Strange as it may appear some of this kind of land within the
history of the settlement of the valley became covered with
young forest timber. In some respects these openings resembled
the treeless prairies of the west. No satisfactory explanation
of this frequently observed condition has ever been given.
Many of these meadows were the favorite pasturing grounds of
the large game and were, therefore, of special interest to the hun
ter. Clearfield county. Pa., it is believed, got its name frora
the fact that there were within its territory extensive natural
clear fields and raeadows.
him we eat our Dinners & walked down to Vanme
tris's we stayed about two Hours & Walked back
again and slept in Casseys House which was y^ first
Night I had slept in a House since I came to y*
Branch Fryday 8"" we breakfasted at Casseys & Rode down
to Vanmetris's to get all our Company together which
when we had accomplished we Rode down below y^
Trough in order to Lay of Lots there we laid of one
this day The Trough is couple of Ledges of Moun
tain Impassable running side & side together for
above 7 or 8 Miles & y^ River down between them
you must Ride Round y= back of y^ Mountain for to
get below them we Camped this Night in y'= Woods
near a Wild Meadow where was a Large Stack of
Hay after we had Pitched oiir Tent & made a very

Journal. 5 1
Large Fire we pull'd out our Knapsack in order to
Recruit ourselves every was his own Cook our Spits
was Forked Sticks our Plates was a Large Chip as
for Dishes we had none
Saterday 9"" Set ye Surveyor*" to work whilst M"^
Fairfax & myself stayed at y" Tent our Provision
being all exhausted & y^ Person that was to bring us
a Recruit disappointing us we were oblige to go
without untill we could get some from y" Neigh
bours which was not till about 4 or 5 oClock in y'=
Evening we then took our Leaves of y"= Rest of our
Company Rpad Down to John Colins in order to set
off next Day homewards
*" From the expression, " set the surveyor to work," as well
as the language used in the record on the 12th of March, that
" Mr. James Genn the surveyor came to us and traveled over
the Blue Eidge, etc.," with other expressions at a later date of
similar import in the journal and in other documents, it is ren
dered almost certain that George Washington was, from the
first, employed by Lord Fairfax, not as a surveyor, merely,
but rather in the capacity of a skilled director of other survey
ors, and as the confidential adviser in the division and sale of
his lordship's lands.
Sunday 10"' We took our farewell of y" Branch
& travell'd over Hills and Mountains to i Coddys on
Great Cacapehon about 40 Miles
Monday 1 1"" We travell'd from Coddys down to
Frederick Town where we Reached about 12 oClock
we dined in Town and then went to Cap' Hites &
Lodged

5 2 Journal.
Tuesday 12"' We set of from Capt. Hites in order
to go over W""' Gap*' about 20 Miles and after Rid
ing about 20 Miles we had 20 to go for we had lost
ourselves & got up as High as Ashbys Benf" we did
get over W"" Gap that Night and as low as W"" Wests
in Fairfax*^ County 18 Miles from y^ Top of y^ Ridge
This day see a Rattled Snake y^ first we had seen in
all our Journey
" Williams' Gap, in the Blue Eidge, is on a line nearly due
east from Winchester. It derived its name from a Mr. Williams,
who kept a ferry over the Shenandoah river on one of the
roads frora Winchester into Loudoun and Fairfax counties.
This narae still attaches to the gap and appears on the early
maps of Virginia. It is a notable fact that all or most of the
important gaps through mountain passes in the United States
were well worn buffalo paths and Indian trails when first visited
by white raen.
*^ Ashby's Bent is supposed to have reference to the great
bend and extensive hottora lands of the Shenandoah, just above
which was located Captain Ashby's ferry across that river.
Washington uses this term in 1770 to describe a large tract of
bottom land on the Ohio which he acquired.
*' Fairfax county, in which Mount Vernon is located, was
created out of Prince William county by the Assembly of
Virginia in 1742.
Wednesday y'^ 13"' of April 1748
M"' Fairfax got safe home and I myself safe to my
Brothers'" which concludes my Journal*^
** Major Lawrence Washington, proprietor of Mount Vernon,
was the second child and oldest surviving son of Augustine
and his first wife Jane (Butler) Washington, born at Pope's
Creek, Westmoreland county, Va., in 1718, and died at his
residence. Mount Vernon, 26th July, 1752. He was the half-
brother of the illustrious George Washington and great-grand
son of the emigrant. Col. John Washington, who came to Vir-

Journal. 53
ginia about 1657. It is a matter of tradition that Lawrence
was at about the age of 15 sent to England to be educated, and
leaving college he received a captain's coraraission to serve in
a regiment raised in Virginia to take part in the expedition
against Carthegenia, 1740-42, under the command of Admiral
Vernon. The expedition failed of its purpose, and Major Lawrence
Washington returned to Virginia in the fall of 1742. He shortly
after became engaged to Anne Fairfax, which induced him to re
sign from the army. His father died April 12, 1743, leaving a
considerable estate and named him, his oldest son, one of
his executors. He inherited from his father "the Hunting
creek" plantation, consisting of 2,500 acres, on the Potomac
but a few miles from and in sight of " Belvoir." On the 19th
of July Lawrence Washington was united in marriage to Anne,
eldest daughter of the Hon. William Fairfax of " Belvoir." He
made many improvements on his plantation and gave it the
name of " Mount Vernon," in compliment to his old com
mander. Admiral Vernon. Lawrence Washington had received
a good education, had mixed with prominent personages, had
seen rauch of the world, and was a man of good habits and
business qualifications.
His father at the time of his death, was largely engaged in
business which Lawrence was obliged to look after and close up.
This gradually led him into various business enterprises; such
as the manufacturing of iron, buying and selling laud, etc. He
and his brother Augustin were among the organizers of " The
Ohio Company," to explore the western country, encourage set
tleraents, and conduct a trade with the Indians. He was elected
to the House of Burgesses of Virginia from Fairfax county in
1748. It was largely through his influence that a charter was
f ranted to the towns of Alexandria and Colchester, both in
'airfax county. He together with Lord Fairfax, George
Mason, Hon. William Fairfax, Wilham Earasay, John Carlyle
and others was naraed as trustee to lay out and govern the town.
He was a popular legislator, but declined to serve longer in
the Asserably, as it interfered with his present business. He
was greatly attached to his brother George, and raade it a point
to have him with him at Mount Vernon whenever it was prac
ticable without interrupting his studies. Lawrence was always
of a delicate constitution, but by his prudent habits and system-

54 Journal.
atie attention to business he accomplished a great deal and en
hanced the value of his possessions. He ¦vras tall in stature and
a man of fine personal appearance, as is shown by an oil paint
ing of him which still hangs upou the wall of the Virginia
room in Mount Vernon mansion. He was rapidly becoming
one of the leading business men of Vii'ginia, when his health
broke down. As a last resort his physicians recommended that
he should spend a winter in the West Indies. In the fall of
1751, he resigned bis commission as one of the adjutant-generals
of Virginia, and taking his brother George with him, he went
to the Island of Barbadoes. His pulmonary trouble had pro
gressed too far to be arrested, and after spending some five
months on the Island, and finding himself decUning he re
turned home and died in July, 1752. His marriage had been
blessed by four children, three of whom had died, his surviv
ing child, Sarah, was still an infant at the time of her father's
death. After providing in his will for his wife he left Mount
Vernon to his daughter, but in the event of her death without
heirs it was to go to his " beloved brother George," who was
also named as one of his executors. This daughter Sarah died
within a year, and George inherited Mount Vemon before he
was 21 years of age. A few years after Lawrence Washington's
death, his widow married George Lee, brother to the father of
Arthur and Richard Henry Lee, patriots in the Eevolution.
*^ The note book which contains this journal of Washington's
includes also other raemoranda, such as notes of surveys, drafts
of juvenile letters, verses, etc., all of which are of interest for
the glimpses they give of the character and early life of their
author, and are copied with literal exactness and given with the
journal and surveys.
The Mannor how to Draw up a Return when Sur
vey'd for His Lordship or any of y'' Family
March y^ is"* 1747-8
Then Survey'd for George* Fairfax Esqr. Three
Thousand & twenty Three Acres of Land lying in
Frederick County** on Long Marsh Joyning Thomas
Johnstones Land and bounded as follows

Journal. 55
" Frederick county, Virginia, was formed by Act of As
sembly in 1738, out of Orange county at the same time that
Augusta county was created. The boundaries of Frederick
county were measurably well defined ; to Augusta, however,
was left all the western territory belonging to Virginia, much
of it at that tirae an unexplored wilderness. This immense
area has since been divided and now forms four great and in
dependent states of the Union, namely, Kentucky, Indiana,
Ohio and Illinois. Frederick county, by a return of the
effective militia made to the governor of Virginia in 1777, had
but 923 men . The total population of the town of Winchester
at that time was 800 and a fraction. — Kercheval.
Beginning at (A) Three Hickorys Corner Trees
to Thomas Johnstones Land & Extending thence
along his S 13 W' One Hundred Seventy two Poles
to (B) a Locust Johnstones Corner thence along
another of his Lines S 34 E' 150 po. to (C) a White
Oak another of his Corners thence S° 75 E' 186 po
& to (D) a large Hickory thence N° 58 E' 160 po
xing a Spring Run to (E) three Red Oak Fx on a
Ridge thence N° 30 E' 436 po to a Hickory an Red
Oak Fx at (F) thence N° 60 W' 90 po to (G) a Large
White Oak Fx thence N" 7 E' 420 po xing Long
Marsh to (H) two Red Oaks and a W: O: Fx in a
Bottom in y'= afores*^ Thomas Johnstones line finally
along his line S° 80 E' one Hundred fourteen Poles
toy^ Beginning Containing Three Thousand & twenty
three Acres. p' James Genn
Henry Ashby
Richard Taylor
Robert Ashby Marker.
Wm. Lindsey Pilot.

)¦ Chain Men

56 Journal.
N. B. The Distances in y'= above Writing ought
to be Written in Letters not in figures only I have
done it now for Brevity sake'*''
*'' At this place in the journal three leaves, six pages, have
been torn out. The edges left show that they had been written
upon by Washington. The next record of a survey in the
hand-writing of Washington is signed by him with the name of
James Genn, as is also the incomplete plot of a survey here
reproduced frora the original by tracing ; whether it is a study
from field notes by James Genn or an actual survey by Wash
ington himself does not appear. The paper upon which it is
drawn and the style of the hand-writing, place it as of a date
current -with the added records of 1747-8.
The Courses & Distances of the Following Plat is
as follows viz beginning at A and running thence N°
30 E' 436 poles thence N 60 W' 90 pole thence N° 7
E' 365 pole to Long Marsh & 420 to the end of the
Course thence N 65 W' 134 pole thence S° 20 W' 126
poles crossing Long Marsh to a Branch thereof com
monly calld Gates Marsh 218. pole to the end of the
Course thence N 80 W' 558 pole thence S 25 W' 144
pole thence S 33^ E' 96 pole S 20 E' 316 pole thence
S 80 E' 114 pole thence East 280 pole thence S 15
E' 262 to the Beginning Survey'd by
James Genn
The Courses of the Town of Alexandria*^
¦*' Alexandria, Virginia. — This seems to be a brief record of
the course and distances of a survey by Washington of the
shore-line of the town of Alexandria before the river bank was
iraproved or altered by the building of wharves and the grad
ing of streets. It is probable that these lines were run in the
winter when the river was closed with ice.

/ujrl/£j/ll

J" Oy 0 ^nau^

¦^/hW

Journal. 57
The Meanders of the River
S 84^ E' 3 Chain
S 52 E' 4 C 17 L
S 24 E 5 C 9 L to the Point at a sm' Hickory
stump above the Landing Place
S 70 E I C 25 L
S 45 E 3 C 18 L
Dear Sir
I should receive a Letter or Letters from you by
the first and all oppertunetys with the greatest sense
or mark of your esteem and affection whereas its the
greatest Pleasure I can yet forsee of having in fairfax
to hear from my Intimate friends and acquaintances
I hope you in Particular will not Bauk me of what I
so ardently Wish for'*'
^' This appears to have been a study for a letter to some
youthful companion. Even to the close of his life it was the
habit of Washington, in writing important letters and papers,
to make rough drafts of them as a study. However, in copy
ing them off, he frequently changed expressions and amplified
their contents as his judgment approved. The original drafts
of many of his letters are preserved in the Department of State
at Washington and illustrate this fact. Hence the transcripts
in his letter-book are not always true copies of either his drafts
or his original autograph letters. These drafts were kept by
him as memoranda, rather than as exact copies. It is also prob
able that there are many drafts preserved of letters which were
never actually sent. In some cases he endorses this fact upon
drafts of letters.
Dear Friend John^"
As its the greatest mark of friendship and esteem
you can shew to an absent Friend In often Writing

58 Journal.
to him so hope you'l not deny me that Favour as its
so ardently wish'd and desired by me its the greatest
pleasure I can yet forsee of having in fairfax to hear
from my friends Particularly yourself was my affec
tions disengaged I might perhaps form some pleas
ures in the conversasion of an agreeable Young
Lady as theres one now Lives in the same house
with me but as that is only nourishment to my for
mer affec" for by often seeing her brings the other
into my remembrance whereas perhaps was she not
often & (unavoidably) presenting herself to my view
I might in some measure eliviate my sorrows by
burying the other in the grave of Oblivion I am well
convinced my heart stands in defiance of all others
but only she thats given it cause enough to dread a
second assault and from a different Quarter tho I
well know let it have as many attacks as it will from
others they cant be more fierce than it has been I
could wish to know whether you have taken your in
tended trip downwards or not if you with what Suc
cess as also to know how my friend Lawrence drives
on in his art of courtship as I fancy you may both
nearlly guess how it will respectively go with each
of you
"" Dear Sir, Dear Friend John, and Dear Friend Eobin. —
These all seem to be studies or drafts of letters, which may
have been impersonal or possibly to his youthful school-fellows
and companions in Westmoreland and Stafford counties. It
would be idle to speculate as to whom they were intended, in
the absence of more definite information. They are in no -wise
remarkable, except as evidences of Washington's life-long habit
of making memoranda, drafts and studies of his letters.

Journal. 59
Dear Friend Robin
As its the greatest mark of friendship and esteem
absent Friends can shew each other in Writing and
often communicating their thoughts to his fellow com
panions makes me endeavour to signalize myself in
acquainting you from time to time and at all times
my situation and employments of Life and could
Wish you would take half the Pains of contriving me
a Letter by any oppertunity as you may be well assured
of its meeting with a very welcome reception my
Place of Residence is al present at His Lordships
where I might was my heart disengag'd pass my time
very pleasantly as theres a very agreeable Young Lady
Lives in the same house (Col° George Fairfax's Wife's
Sister^') but as thats only adding Fuel to fire it makes
me the more uneasy for by often and unavoidably
being in Company with her revives my former Passion
for your Low Land Beauty=" whereas was I to live
more retired from yound Women I might in some
measure eliviate my sorrows by burying that chast and
troublesome Passion in the grave of oblivion or etar-
nall forgetfulness for as I am very well assured thats
the only antidote or remedy that I ever shall be releivd
by or only recess that can administer any cure or help
to me as I am well convinced was I ever to attempt
any thing I should only get a denial which would be
only adding grief to uneasiness
°' The young lady indicated was Miss Mary Cary, the daugh
ter of Colonel Wilson Cary, of Ceeleys Hampton, Elisabeth
City county, Va. For 34 years Mr. Cary was collector of cus-

6o Journal.
toms for the lower James river district, and a man of large
wealth and aristocratic notions. He had four daughters : Sarah,
who married George W. Fairfax, of " Belvoir " ; Mary, who
married in 1754, Edward Ambler of Jamestown ; Anna, who
married Eobert Carter Nicholas ; and Elizabeth, who married
Eev. Bryan, 8th Lord Fairfax. Col. Cary had also one son
Wilson Miles Cary, who was a member of the Convention of
Virginia in 1776. Some writers have confounded him with
his father. Bishop Meade in his Old Churches and Families
of Virginia, accepts traditions which other writers claim are
authenticated by documents, preserved by the Ambler family,
and accordingly his account credits the story that Washington,
in his youth, was an ardent admirer of Miss Mary Cary, and
solicited leave of Col. Cary to address his daughter, but was re
fused. (See Meade, vol. i, 108.) This draft of the letter ad
dressed to "Dear Friend Eobin," was probably made inthe
spring of 1748, when Washington was in his seventeenth year.
In it, he playfully avows an admiration for the "lowland
beauty" and, at the same time, admits the agreeableness of the
"young lady in the house" with him at "Belvoir." Mr.
Edward Ambler, educated at Cambridge, England, was col
lector for York river and a burgess for Jamestown. He died
in 1768 in his thirty-fifth year and was buried at Jamestown ;
his widow survived him until 1781. Mrs. Ambler with her
children and her sister, Mrs. Fairfax, were occasionally guests
at Mount Vernon, as Washington's diaries show. I ara'inchned
to believe that while it is true that Washington entertained a
high regard for the Cary family and particularly the ladies,
there is nothing but the lightest gossip to create an inference
that there ever was even an incipient affair of the heart be
tween either of the Misses Cary and Washington.
*^ Lowland beauty. — Who this object of Washington's
early adrairation was, if she had a veritable existence, is not
positively known. Irving, followed by Everett and othere,
accepts the tradition, or rather surraises, that this sobriquet re
ferred to Miss Lucy Grymes of Westmoreland county, who in
1753 married Henry Lee, Esq. Their son was the gallant
General Henry Lee, " Lighthorse Harry," of the Eevolution.
Some recent writers, affect to beheve that this draft of a letter
is conclusive that there was a real love affair but that Betsy

Journal. 6i
Fauntleroy, of Fredericksburg, Va., was the person re
ferred to, and have published a letter purporting to have been
addressed by Washington to Wilham Fauntleroy, Sr., Esq.,
in Eichmond, enclosing one to Miss Betsy, who, it is made to
appear, had also refused Washington's addresses. Letters and
traditions of this character should be received with caution, for
while vague reports and surmises of an affair of the heart may
be dilated upon in a bantering way among friends of the parties
where there is little or no foundation for the allegation, yet
they should be subjected to scrutiny and sorae positive evidence
adduced before they are accepted as historical facte.
Dear Sally
This comes to Fredericksburg fair in hopes of
meeting with a speedy Passage to you if your not
there which hope you'l get shortly altho I am almost
discouraged from writing to you as this is my fouth to
you since I receiv'd any from yourself I hope you'l not
make the Old Proverb good out of sight out of Mind
as its one of the greatest Pleasures I can yet foresee of
having in Fairfax in often hearing from you hope
you'l not deny it me
I Pass the time of much more agreeabler than what
I imagined I should as there's a very agreeable Young
Lady lives in the same house where I reside (CoP
George Fairfax's Wife Sister) that in a great Measure
cheats my sorrow and dejectedness tho not so as to
draw my thoughts altogether from your Parts I could
wish to be with you down there with all my heart but
as it is a thing almost Impractakable shall rest myself
where I am with hopes of shortly having some Min
utes of your transactions in your Parts which will be
very welcomely receiv'd by Your

62 Journal.
Dear Sir — It would be the greatest Satisfaction
Memorandom" to have my Coat made by the fol
lowing Directions to be made a Frock with a Lapel
Breast the Lapel to Contain on each side six Button
Holes and to be about 5 or 6 Inches wide all the
way equal and to turn as the Breast on the Coat does
to have it made very Long Waisted and in Length
to come down to or below the bent of the knee the
Waist from the armpit to the Fold to be exactly as
long or Longer than from thence to the Bottom not
to have more than one fold in the Skirt and the top
to be made just to turn in and three Button Holes
the Lapel at the top to turn as the Cape of the Coat
and Bottom to Come Parrallel with the Button Holes
the Last Button hole in the Breast to be right op-
posit to the Button on the Hip^'*
"' The minuteness of detail is very characteristic of the writer.
While Washington was observant of the proprieties of life and
of good taste in dress, there was not the least leaning to fop
pishness. But it was a principle with him to have whatever
he bought, consonant with good taste and of the best quality.
" At this point in the book there are 18 blank pages.
Dear Richard
The Receipt of your kind favour of the 2^ of this
Instant afforded me unspeakable pleasure as I am
convinced I am still in the Memory of so Worthy a
friend a friendship I shall ever be proud of Increasing
you gave me the more pleasure as I receiv'd it amongst
a parcel of Barbarians and an uncooth set of People
the like favour often repeated would give me Pleasure

Journal. 63
altho I seem to be in a Place where no real satis: is
to be had since you receid my Letter in October Last
I have not sleep'd above three Nights or four in a
bed but after Walking a good deal all the Day lay
down before the fire upon a Little Hay Straw Fodder
or bearskin whichever is to be had with Man Wife
and Children like a Parcel of Dogs or Catts &happy's
he that gets the Birth nearest the fire there's nothing
would make it pass of tolerably but a good Reward
a Dubbleloon is my constant gain every Day that the
Weather will permit my going out and some time
Six Pistoles'^ the coldness of the Weather will not
allow my making a long stay as the Lodging is rather
too cold for the time of Year I have never had my
Cloths of but lay and sleep in them like a Negro
except the few Nights I have lay'n in Frederick
Town.
^ A Pistole. — This coin was worth, at the time Washington
wrote this journal, about $3.60. A doubloon was worth twice
that amount.
Mem To Survey the Lands at the Mouth of Little
Cacapehon^* & the Mouth of Fifteen Mile Creek" for
the Gentlemen of the Ohio Com:=^
^ Cacapehon, now generally written Capon. — There are two
streams in the same vicinity known by this name, and to dis
tinguish them, one is called "Great Capon" and the other
" Little Capon." Both are tributaries to the Potomac.
*' Fifteen Mile creek rises in Maryland and flows in a south
easterly direction, emptying into the Potomac river between
Sidehng HiU creek and Town creek, about 15 miles above Han
cock, Md.

64 Journal.
'^ " The Ohio Company " grew into existence out of efforts by
Virginians, dated as early as 1746 or 1747, to secure a share in
the lucrative Indian trade, and with the prospect of opening to
settleraent the lands on the upper waters of the Ohio. An
early move in this direction had been raade by Colonel Thomas
Cresap, a man of courage, judgment and enterprise — qualities
required for trading successfully with the Indians. He had
erected his cabin at Oldtown, Md. About 1746 Lawrence and
Augustine Washington, after making some cautious business
ventures in the Indian trade, with others assisted to organize
" this Ohio Company." Thomas Lee, whose second son, Eichard
Henry Lee, was to become so conspicuous a patriot of the Rev
olution, and John Hanbury, a wealthy London merchant, were
original members of this company, intp which still other men
of substance and standing were admitted, and to which, in
1749, the British governraent gave a charter, as " The Ohio
Company," with a grant of half a million acres of land, to be
located between the Monongahela and Kanawha rivers, on the
south side of the Ohio. With but twenty shares of stock at
first issue, the company's prosperity seemed assured, and both
Governor Dinwiddie and George Mason, at a later date pur
chased an interest in it. Among the early Washington manu
scripts appears the above raemorandura of a survey for this
company. Although this entry is without date it must have
been earlier, judging from its position in the note-book, than
the charter. This document imposed, as conditions of the land
grant, that the company should at once survey two hundred
thousand acres, and within seven years secure the settlement
of not less than one hundred families, erect forts, and maintain
a garrison against the Indians, — conditions on the fulfilment
of which they were to be for ten years exempt frora the pay
ment of quit-rents. Mr. Christopher Gist was employed as the
company's agent, and on October 19, 1749, entered upon his
duties of inspecting the country, contiguous to the Ohio river,
reporting upon the character of the lands, making surveys,
keeping a journal of his observations, drawhig plans of the ter
ritory, etc. In 1750 the company built a small store-house at
Will's creek and stocked it with goods frora London to the
value of £4,000. In 1752 Mr. Gist held a council with the
Indians on the Ohio in behalf of the corapany, and secured
their permission to lay out a town and erect a fort at McKee's

Journal. 65
Eocks at the mouth of Chartier's creek, upon the east side of
the Ohio, a few miles below Pittsburg. Washington, in his
diary, alludes to this, and says of the position : " I think it
greatly inferior, either for defense or advantage, especially the
latter : For a fort at the forks would be equally well situated
on the Ohio, and have the entire command of the Mononga
hela." In 1751 the company began making a road to the
mouth of the Monongahela, but for lack of adequate resources,
made only slow progress. The company looked upon the lands
around Will's creek as being within their grant. They also
erected a store-house at the mouth of Eedstone on the Monon
gahela and began some improvements at the forks of the Ohio,
immediately after completing those at Will's creek. At the
latter place they had the adjacent lands surveyed on both sides
the stream, above and below the forks, and laid out a town to
which they gave the name of Charlottesbnrg in honor of the
Princess Charlotte, afterward wife of King George. The
French aiid Indian war, with other stirring political events,
compelled the company to be cautious and to contract its opera
tions, but, its erabarrassraents increasing from the course pur
sued toward it by the English government, prompted by en-
¦vious rival interests, the consent of its agent, George Mercer,
Esq., was finally gained to raerge the Ohio Company into a
Grand Company, under what was known as the Walpole Grant
or Company. Their proposal was as follows : " We, the Cora-
/mittee of the Purchasers of a Tract of Country for a new Prov
ince on the Ohio in America, do hereby admit the Ohio Com
pany as a Co-Purchaser with us for two shares of the said
Purchase,* in Consideration of the Engagement of their Agent,
Col. Mercer, to withdraw the application of the said Company
for a separate Grant within the Limits of the said Purchase.
Witness our Hands this 7"" Day of May 1770
THOMAS WALPOLE
S. POWNALL
* The whole being divided into seventy- B FEANKLIN
two equal Shares by the words "two shares" * _ .^—.^ tit-tt a •ornz-x-vr
above 13 understood twoSeventy-secood parts bAlM U JiiJL W tl A K i U JN
of the Tract so as above Purchased.
THOMAS WALPOLE
S. POWNALL
B. FKANELIN
SAMUEL WHAETON
See American Historical Eeview, vol. iii, p. 205.
This action, however, was not approved by the American
9

66 Journal.
members of the company, and the final collapse of the whole
enterprise was one of the results of the Eevolution.
I heartily congratulate you^^ on the happy News of
my Brothers safe arrival in health in England and am
joy'd to hear that his stay is likely to be so short I hope
you'll make Use of your Natural Resolution and con-
tendness as they are the only Remedys to spend the
time with ease & pleasure to yourself I am deprived
of the pleasure of waiting on you (as I expected) by
Ague and Feaver which I have had to Extremety
since I left which has occasioned my Return D
*' Memorandum or draft of a letter to his sister-in-law Anne,
wife of Lawrence Washington, of Mount Vernon, made, very
possibly, while in the field surveying in the fall of 1748 or
spring of 1749. This visit to Europe, of Lawrence Washing
ton, was partly in the interest of the Ohio Company and partly
on account of his failing health which, unfortunately, was not
benefited by the voyage as had been hoped.
Memorandom to charge M" Aus. Washington*"
with 4 /9 and iS** the 30 of July to a Maryland Hen-
wife as also Major Law: Washington with 1/3 lent
the 15 of August 5 /9 the 17 D° 2 /6 D°: I read to
the Reign of K : John
^ Mrs. Aus. Washington evidently refers to Mrs. Augustine
Washington, of Westmoreland, the wife of George's half-
brother, Augustine, with whom he had made his home while
attending Mr. William's Academy. Austin is, or has been, in
Virginia a contraction for Augustine. Augustine Moore, a
notable character, is recorded interchangeably, in land and other
records, as Augustine and as Austin Moore. It is presumed
that "The Maryland Housewife" was intended to have been
written, that being the name of a popular book on cookery and
the art of housekeeping at that period. The date of. this mem-

Journal. 67
orandum is presumed to be 1748. A charge in his book of
accounts kept at this time, and which was among the relics
of Lawrence Washington sold in Philadelphia in the spring of
1891, would fix the date as July 28th, 1748. It was not an un
usual thing for Washington in his youth to use contractions in
writing the first names of his brothers, the following are exam
ples: Aus., Austin for Augustine ; Sam for Satnuel ; Jack and
John, simply for John Augustine.
In the Spectators Read to N° 143*'
Mem: When I see my Brother Austin to Enquire of him
whether He is the Acting Attorney for my Brother
and as my Brother Lawrence left Directions with the
H. on W Fx*^ to remit his Pay as Agetant whether it
would not be more proper to keep it to Pay the Notes
of Hand thats Daily coming against him and to Write
Word to Williamsburg to Acquaint his Hon : my B :
A : to write him word.
*^ This is about the only record Washington has left of his
course of reading. It is inferred that the books were either at
"Greenway Court" or at "Belvoir." The character of the
works he selected for his perusal is what might have been ex
pected. This memorandum also exhibits a trait in his character
prominent throughout his life, that of giving attention to mi
nute details of business. It may truly be said of him that "the
boy was father to the man."
*^ Honorable Williara Fairfax, of "Belvoir," Fairfax county,'
Va., was born 1691 in Yorkshire, England, where his father
that year becarae high sheriff of the county. His father was
the son of Henry Fairfax, 2d son of 4th Lord Fairfax and Anna
(Harrison) Fairfax, whose sister, Eleanora Harrison, of South
Cave, married in 1689, Henry Washington; their son, Eichard
Washington, who resided in London, was, therefore, an English
cousin of Wm. Fairfax, and a correspondent both of his and of
Col. George Washington's (see Washington's correspondence,

68 Journal.
in Spa/rks). Wm. Fairfax lost his father when quite young
and was educated at his uncle's. Sir John Lowther's College.
Through the influence of Capt. Fairfax, of the Eoyal Navy, he
entered that service in 1710 and served for two years. He
then joined the British army in Spain under Col. Martin Bladen,
who had married a Fairfax, and was stationed at St. Helena in
1716-17, and subsequently at the Bahamas, and returned to
England in October, 1717. Having married in the Bahamas,
Sarah, daughter of Maj. Walker, of Nassau, she accompanied
him to England. In 1718 Wm. Fairfax was sent out with
Captain or Governor Woodes Eogers as chief justice to sup
press the pirates infesting the West Indies. His residence was
at Nassau, New Providence. The business for which he ac
cepted office having been completed and the climate not being
congenial, he in 1725 removed to New England. Here he re
ceived an appointment to the custom house at Salem, which he
held until 1734. While a resident of Salem, his first wife died
and was buried there. His son George William was bom in
Nassau, three of his children were born in Salem. Thomas, of
the Eoyal Navy, was killed in battle ; Anne married Lawrence
Washington, and was the first mistress of Mount Vernon ; and
Sarah married John Carlyle, of Alexandria, Va., who was a
major and commissary in the French and Indian war. Mr.
Fairfax married, January 18, 1731, Deborah Clarke, of Salem,
Mass. Her first child was Bryan, 8th Lord Fairfax, born at
Salem 1732, but better known as the Eev. Bryan Fairfax, who
died in 1802. In 1734 Wm. Fairfax accepted an offer, he had
before declined, to remove to Virginia and act as agent for his
cousin. Lord Thomas Fairfax, in the management of the vast
Fairfax land estate. He at first took up his residence in West
moreland county and remained there for several years, but af-
.terward improved the plantation, built " Belvoir" mansion, six
miles below " Mount Vernon," and removed to it. He was
residing there in 1739, when Lord Fairfax first visited Virginia
and made it his home for a year. Wm. Fairfax, from his high
character and acquaintance with business, soon came to the
front among the leading men in Virginia. Besides being agent
for his cousin, he served in the assembly of Virginia, and after
the death of John Blair was president of the Provincial coun
cil and collector of his majesty's customs for the South Poto
mac. His second wife bore him two children, besides Bryan

Journal. 69
already mentioned, William Henry, killed at the storming of
Quebec in 1759 ; and Hannah, who married Warner Washing
ton, cousin to George Washington. William Fairfax was a
man of great executive ability and much beloved by the com
munity. He died September 3, 1757. His wife survived him
but a few years. " Belvoir " was left to George W. Fairfax
and was his residence until he went to England in 1773.
Memorandam of what Cloths I Carry into Fairfax
Razor*3
7 Shirts 2 D° Carr"* by M"^ Thornton**
6 Linnen Waistcoats
I Cloth D° 
6 Bands*^
4 Neck Cloths** ¦
7 Caps*' 
^ The razor in colonial days was an essential part of a gentle
man's toilet outfit. Washington had a strong beard and was
early called upon to use his razor. Long, full beards were not
then in fashion in Araerica. It is a notable fact that there is
not a portrait extant of an American-born patriot or statesman
of the Eevolutionary period, painted with a full beard. This
memorandum, although not dated, is believed to have been
written in 1748. The clean shaven face was constrained by
the fashion of the continent ; and prevailed as the custom in
England and France for a period of quite 75 years.
** The Thorntons intermarried with the Washingtons.
^ A kind of shirt collar.
^^ Neck Cloths. — These were usually made of fine white
cambric, folded wide, were wrapped twice around the neck and
worn without collars.
" Caps. — The number here will attract attention considering
the list of other articles ; but it must be remembered that it was
the custom at that period for both men and women to wear
caps at night in bed. At the time when this journal was writ-

70 Journal.
ten, bed rooms were not heated, hence the custom of warming
beds before retiring in winter, and the necessity for wearing
night caps is more apparent, and, further, the head was fre
quently shaven and wigs were worn during the daj^ by many.
It is the tradition that Patrick Henry wore at home, in the day,
even, when not in fuU dress, a " tarred cotton cap," whilst in
public he wore a wig. In speaking, when he was earnestly
moved, a striking emphasis of his is said to have been a rapid
whirling of his wig around his head.
M : the regulater of my watch now is 4 M : and
over the fifth from the Slow end
'Twas Perfect Love before ) ,r tvt a i,- -inr
13 4- M T J J r s: Young M: A: his W
But Now 1 do adore j ^
What's the Noblest Passion of the Mind? 6:2:
M : Delivered M" Humphras this 30*^ Day of Oc
tober 2 Shirts the one marked G W the other not
marked i p'^ of Hoes & one Band to be Washed against
November Court in Frederick*^
^* At this point in the journal several blank pages occur.
Oh Ye Gods why should my Poor Resistless Heart
Stand to oppose thy might and Power
At Last surrender to cupids feather'd Dart
And now lays Bleeding every Hour
For her that's Pityless of my grief and Woes
And will not on me Pity take
He sleep amongst my most inveterate Foes
And with gladness never wish to wake
In deluding sleepings let my Eyelids close
That in an enraptured Dream I may
In a soft lulling sleep and gentle repose
Possess those joys denied by Day

Journal. 71
From your bright sparkling Eyes, I was undone ;
Rays, you have ; more transparent than the Sun,
Amidst its glory in the rising Day,
None can you equal in your bright array ;
Constant in your calm and unspotted Mind ; ^
Equal to all, but will to none Prove kind, \-
So knowing, seldom one so Young, you'l Find, j
Ah ! woe's me, that I should Love and conceaH
Long have I wish'd, but never dare reveal, V
Even though severely Loves Pains I feel : j
Xerxes that great, was't free from Cupids Dart,
And all the greatest Heroes, felt the smart.*'
^ The poetical effusions of George Washington are neither
numerous nor notable. The specimens here given are found
on the spare pages of his memoranda mixed in with his notes of
surveys. Some leaves are missing at this point and the conclud
ing lines of one poem, at least, are lost.
A List of the Peoples Names that
I have Warrants for'° Acres
Richard Arnold Frederick C  400
before the 25"* Day of April
Barnaby M'^Kannary D°  400
on the Lost River''
Silvenus Smith  D°  400
John Wilton  D°  300
James M-'Koy  D°  400
James Kinson  D°  400
Ann Dunbarr 400
And^ Vincy of Augusta 400
Robert Denton D°  400

Journal. 7 1
From your bright sparkling Eyes, I was undone ;
Rays, you have ; more transparent than the Sun,
Amidst its glory in the rising Day,
None can you equal in your bright array ;
Constant in your calm and unspotted Mind ; ^
Equal to all, but will to none Prove kind, \-
So knowing, seldom one so Young, you'l Find, j
Ah ! woe's me, that I should Love and conceaH
Long have I wish'd, but never dare reveal, V
Even though severely Loves Pains I feel : J
Xerxes that great, was't free from Cupids Dart,
And all the greatest Heroes, felt the smart.*'
^ The poetical effusions of George Washington are neither
numerous nor notable. The specimens here given are found
on the spare pages of his meraoranda mixed in with his notes of
surveys. Some leaves are missing at this point and the conclud
ing lines of one poem, at least, are lost.
A List of the Peoples Names that
I have Warrants for'° Acres
Richard Arnold Frederick C  400
before the 25"^ Day of April
Barnaby M'^Kannary D°  400
on the Lost River''
Silvenus Smith  D°  400
John Wilton  D°  300
James M<=Koy  D°  400
James Kinson  D°  400
Ann Dunbarr 400
And"" Vincy of Augusta 400
Robert Denton D°  400

Journal. 73
thereof. Describing the courses and distances p. Pole, also the
Buttings and Soundings of the several Persons Lands adjoin
ing, and where you cannot Join on any known Lines, yoii are
to raake Breadth of the tract to bear at least the proportion of
one-third part of the length as the Law of Virginia Directs,
you are also to 'Insert the Names of the Pilot and Chain Car
riers made use of and Employed, a Plat of which s* Survey
with this Warrant you are to give into this Office any time be
fore the twenty-fifih Day of Ma/rch next ensuing. Given
under my Hand and Seal of the Proprietors Office this thi/r-
teenth day of Oct. 1750 in the Twenty-Fourth year of His
Majesty King George the Second's Eeign.
"G. W. FAIEFAX."
[endorsed.] " Barthalamore Anderson' s Warr for 450 Acres
" M"- Washington's Eetur'd the 8*" Feb'' 1750-1.
" To be paid p L* Fx
" 61 "
'^ Lost Eiver. — This stream gets its name from the fact that
for three miles it passes out of sight under a mountain which
lies across its course. It rises in Hardy county, W. Va., and
flows in a north-easterly direction to the Cacapehon river. The
following diagram is made from a pen drawing by Washington
in his field note book, but not definitely related to this particu
lar survey.
My Lord
I went Last Tuesday not knowing your Lordship
had that very Day set out for N cavils to sce whether
you had any further Commands or directions to give
concerning the Surveying of Cacapehon and as your
Lordship was not at Home I was inform by Col° G.
Fairfax that you had not any Directions in Particu
lar more than were given to the other Surveyors as
your Lordship had mentioned I therefore have made
bold to Proceed on General Directions from him as
10

74 Journal.
Missing this Opportunity of Good Weather may be of
considerable Hindrance I shall Wait on your Lordship
at Frederick Court in November to obey your further
Pleasure and am my Lord &'"
" Here terminates the entries in the little note book, con
taining "My Journey Over the Mountains." Itis proper to
state that the journal was kept in a small, vellum-bound, blank
book, 6 by 3f inches in size, closely written on both sides of
the leaf. Either from a desire to classify his memoranda, or
for want of a second book, or from some motive of economy,
he turned the book around and began from the other end to
keep a record more particularly relating to his surveys and
miscellaneous affairs. His field notes of surveys were kept in
a book of the same size as the one described, from which the
most of the following surveys are taken. The other surveys
are found on loose sheets which have been bound and denom
inated miscellaneous papers ; a few of them having dates, en
ables the editor to place them in chronological order.
Then Survey'd for M"" John Monroe y'^ following
Tract of land bounded as follows Poles
A Beginning at a marked white oak  \ -.-, „ ,„
B nIo-oo Etc a Chesnut  [ N 2o„o E i3o„68
C Thence to a Red oak  N 7i„oo E ii6„44
D Thence to a Spanish oak near a Swamp  S 73„oo E i88„24
E Thence to Hiccory  S 44„oo E is8„72
F Thence to a red oak Stump  S i4„oo E i86„24
G Thence to a Black Gum  S 88„oo W 244„oo
From thence to the Beginning 
Then survey'd for M"" John Watts y^ Following
Tract of Land bounded as followeth Courses
A Beginning at a Marked red Oak  )„ , .„
B S 15° 30 W to a Sweet Gum  ^ S 15° 30 W 400.56
C Thence to a Chesnut  S 59,,oo W 200.40
D Thence to a Walnut  N 45„oo W 240.24
E Thence to a White Oak  N io„oo E 200.00
F Thence to a Maple  N 3S„oo E 300.00
From thence to the Beginning

Journal. 75
Then Survey'd for M'^ Francis Jett the following
Tract of Land bounded as follows
A Beginning at a Marked Hiccory S 20, W  ) o „.
B tolwhitlOak   [S2o„ooW 120
C Thence to a Walnut Stump  S 63,, 00 W 160
D Thence to a Red Oak on the top of a Hill.. . . S 85,,oq W 80
E Thence to a Black Gum near a Valley  N 66,,oo W 116
F Thence to a Dogwood near a Swamp  N 3S,,oo W 63
G Thence to a Mulberry standing in Corn-field. N 35, ,00 E 97
H Thence to a Sasafras  N 45,,oo E 157
From thence to the Beginning
Then Survey'd for Cap' Henry Washington y^ fol
lowing Tract of Land bounded as follows Poles
A Beginning at a red Oak S 25— 00 W  ) z^;— 00 W 7a
B near the road running to a red Oak Saplin.. . J ' '^
C Thence to white Oak  S 23 — 00 E 24
D Thence to Spanish Oak  S 55— 00 W 34
E Thence to a Black Gum  N 76 — 00 W 30
F Thence to a Black Oak  N 25—00 W 62
G Thence to Caleb Butlers old Field  N 00—00 W 104
H Thence to a White Oak  S 76—00 E 70
I Thence to a Red Oak  N 78— 00 E 56
August iS"' 1747 Then survey'd the following
Piece of Land at one Station in the School House old
field bounded as p"" field Book. Viz' Beginning near
a Persimon within y'^ field Extending thence to a
Fence Stake S 15 — 00 E 165°,, 00' — 28 Pole thence
S 19 — 00 W 199° — 00' — 27.5 Pole thence S 47 W
227° — 00' — 18.9 thence S 76 — 00 W 256° — 00' — 21.4
thence N 42 W 318° — 00' — 46.3 thence N 29 — 00 E
29° — 00' — 34 Pole.
October i" 1747 Then Survey'd the following
Piece of Land for M"^ Richard Roe Bounded as fol
lows Beginning at a Chesnut extending thence S°

76 Jonrnal.
20 — 00 W 38 Pole thence N 75 — 00 W 39.7 P thence
N° 46 — 00 W 41. 1 P thence S° 68 — 00 W 2 1.3 thence
N° 29 — 00 W 25.3 thence S° 'j'] — 00 E 4 Pole thence
N° 60 — 00 E 25.1 Pole thence S° 42 — 00 E 14 Pole
thence S° 79 — 00 E 14 Pole — thence East from thence
to the beginning S 60 — 45
E
Then Survey'd for M' Francis Jett the following
Tract of Land Bounded as p"^ Field Book'^
Remarks y distance
from A to B being Inac-
cessable I took an Angle
within y' field from A to
a house bearing _N 73° —
00 E 46 Pole thence to B
bearing N 48—00 W
Survey'd for M" Elizabeth Washington y* Following
Tract of Land whose thirds is required to be laid off
20 Pole from H towards K & the Division line to run
towards B C'*
Courses Dist : Poles
A S 54,,oo W 67„oo
B N 45, ,00 W 36„oo »
C N 76,, 00 W 45,—
D N 3i,,oo E 6o„— Acres Roods Perch :
E N s6„oo E 35,,— Area 52 „ i „ 39
F N 21, ,00 E 3o„24
G S si,,oo E 4o„20 Scale 50 Parts to an Inch.
H S 34,,oo E 4i„6o
I S 04,, 00 W 34„2o
SURVEY'D For Richard Barnes Gent° of Rich
mond County's a. certain Tract of Waste and un-
granted Land Situate Lying and being in the county
of Culpeper'* and Bounded as followeth Beginning

A

N

56.15

B

N

51—00

E

39-19

C

S

65 — 00

E

34-14

D

S

49 — 00

E

50.15

E

S

20 — 00

E

29.00

F

s

70 — 00

W

62.13

G

N

58-30

W

20.24

H

s

83—30

w

30.00

Jil^iV

Journal. 77
« For this survey Washington received the sum of £2 3s Od
on the 25th of July, 1749, as shown by entry in his cash book ;
a copy of which is in the Toner Collection, Library of Congress,
Washington, D. C.
" Culpeper county, Virginia, was formed by act of assembly
in 1748, and named in honor of Lord Thomas Culpeper, gov
ernor of Virginia from 1682 to 1686. The old family name
was spelled with two p's, but in using the name as a locality
one p is dropped. Its original form, however, was Cole-
peper. The widow of Lord Calpeper spelled her name and
wrote it, "Mar. Culpeper — Leeds Castle, Dec. 19, 1706."
Lord Culpeper and Lord Arlington had obtained from Charles
II in 1672 a grant of proprietary rights over the whole of
Virginia, but within a short time, in consequence of resist
ance by the colonists, surrendered all except quit rents and
escheats, and a duty of three half-pence per pound on to
bacco. Two years after ceasing to be governor, Lord Cul
peper, who had become by purchase sole owner of the grant,
further abandoned all his rights except that of property
in the lands of that part of the Northern Neck beyond the
Blue Eidge, with an annual pension of £600 for twenty years
in lieu of what he gave up. This estate of about 5,700,000
acres of land in the Shenandoah valley and the mountains be
yond, went to his daughter and heiress, Catherine, who became
the wife of Thomas, the 5th Lord Fairfax, and from her to
their son Thomas the 6th, and the first American Lord Fairfax
of Washington' s tirae. Lord Culpeper had been one of the
coraraissioners of plantations under Charles II, and was a man of
ability for business and public affairs, although rapacious; and,
as governor, wholly British, without that sympathy for Virginia
interest, such as Berkeley, with all his faults, had shown. The
county of Culpeper, however, was conspicuous for the patriot
isra of its inhabitants during the Eevolution. Her "minute
men," Eandolph said on the floor of the United States Senate,
" were raised in a minute, armed in a minute, marched in a
minute, fought in a minute, and vanquished in a minute."
The motto on their flag was, " The Culpeper Minute Men,"
along the top border; in the center a curled rattlesnake with
head erect and rattling tail ; on either side the words " Liberty
— or Death ; " and beneath, along the lower border, " Don't

78 Journal.
Tread on Me." In the clerk's office of Culpeper court house
is recorded the following: "20 July, 1749 [O. S.] George
Washington, Gent., produced a commission from the President
and Master of William and Mary College, appointing him to
be surveyor of this county, which was read, and thereupon he
took the usual oaths," etc.
at three white Oaks in Normans Line and Corner
Trees to (Aaron Pinson's now) M"^ Barnes's Land
& Extending thence N° 42° 30' W' Ninety five Poles
to a branch of Flat Run Two hund*^ and Eighteen
Poles to a Large white Oak Corner to Norman thence
along another of his Lines N° 39° E' Thirty four Poles
to three white Oaks & a Hickory Cor: to the said
Norman and John Roberts thence along Robert's Line
S° 78° W' One hund"* and Eighty three Poles to the
Road that Leads over Norman's Foard Two hund*^
and Sixteen Poles to two white Oaks in a Glade Cor""
to the said Roberts and M"" Francis Slaughter thence
with the said Slaughters Line S" 5° W' One hund'* and
Sixty four Poles to three white Oaks in the said
Slaughter Line thence leaving his Line S° 66° E'
Two hund'' and thirty Six Poles to three white Oaks
amongst a Parcel of Rock Stones Barnes's Corner
thence with his Line N° 53° E' One hund'' and Eighty
Six Poles to the Beginning Containing Four Hun
dred Acres this Twenty Second Day of July 1749.
John Lonem ) ^j ,,
Edward Corder \ ^^^ ^^^
Edward Hogan Marker
by Washington S C C"

Vollp-14

TPAC ISSUffllJE.*

A

BOOK of PURVEYS

JULY 22

mj

vriy^
Journal. 79
" Washington, S. C. C. — This is supposed to be an official
check mark signature of George Washington as a hcensed sur
veyor of Culpeper county. The plat of this survey is published
by Sparks, vol. 1, p. 14, and is reproduced here, as tbe editor
has failed, so far, in finding the original among any of the
Washington papers extant. The plat bears date two days after
he filed his certificate and took the necessary oath before the
court in Culpeper county referred to in the preceding note.
SURVEY'D For Edward Hogan a certain Tract of
Waste and Ungranted Land Situate Lying and being
in the County of Augusta'^ and on the Lost River or
'' Augusta county, and also Frederick county, were formed
in 1738, out of Orange county which, prior to that date, had
embraced all of Virginia beyond the Blue Eidge. The bounds
of Frederick were defined as follows : tho Potomac on the north,
the Blue Eidge on the east, and on the south and west a line
drawn from the head spring of the Hedgman creek to the head
spring of the Potomac ; all beyond this line, comprising the
immense western territory belonging to Virginia, constituted
Augiista county. The earliest Frederick county court was held
at Winchester, Nov. 11, 1743; and that of Augusta county was
held at Beverley' s Mill Place, now Staunton, Dec. 9, 1745.
Cacapehon about Six Miles within the Boundary Line
of the Northern Neck and bounded as followeth
Beginning at a white Oak and white Pine Saplins on
the West Side of the River and Runs thence S° 68°
E' Two hundred and Eighty Poles to three Chesnut
Oaks on a Steep Mountain Side thence N° 9° E' Two
hundred and three Poles to three Pines on the Moun
tain Side thence N" 68° W' Two hund'^ and Eighty
Poles to two white Oaks in a Drain that makes from
the Mountains thence S° 2° W' One hundred and
thirty two Poles to two white Oaks thence S° 22° W'

8o Journal.
Sixty Eight po. to the Beginning Containing Three
hundred and Thirty five Acres this i^ Day of Novem
ber 1749"
John Lonem | ^^^ ^^^
Edward Corder j
Edward Hogan Marker by Washington S C C
" The notes of the survey of land, on the 22d July, 1749,
for Eichard Barnes, and that of November 12, 1749, for Ed
ward Hogan, were recorded on sheets of foolscap paper, and
are bound np with other early miscellaneous papers of George
Washington, preserved in the Department of State. They are
here given nearly in their chronological place.
November 2^ 1749 Then Surveyd for Robert Den
ton a certain Tract of ungranted Land Situate in
Augusta County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon
and Bounded as followeth Beginning at two white
Pines and a Pitch and running thence S° 62 E' Three
Hundred Poles to a Chesnut, Pine and Spanish Oak
on a Mountain Side thence N° 28° E' Two hundred &
Six poles to two white Oakes and a Hick, thence
leaving the Mountain N° 62 W' Three hun'* poles to
two Pines and a white Oak on a steep Hill thence to
the Beginning
E Plat drawn
Robert Denton, Marker
November 2^ 1 749^° Then Survey'd for James Ham-
^ This entry is in a new book of the same dimensions as the
one described ; first pages of it are blank — page 7 is the first
written upon ; pages 8 and 9 gone ; page 10 blank.

Journal. 8 1
ilton a certain Tract of Waste Land lying on Caca
pehon and bounded as followeth Beginning at three
Pines on a Mountain Side Corner to Edward Hogan
and running thence along his Line N° 68 W' Two
Hundred and Eighty Poles to three white Oaks
another of his Corner's thence along the Mountain
Side N° 27 E' Two hundred Poles to a Poplar a Lynn
& white Walnut Trees standing on the Creek thence
crossing the Creek S. 68 E'Two hundred and Eighty
Poles to a Large Black Oak and two Chesnut Trees
growing from one Root thence to the Beginning along
the side of an Inaccessable Mountain
E. Plat drawn
Hogan Marker
Survey'd for Francis M'^Bride Three hundred and
Eighty Six Acres and a Quarter of Waste and Un
granted Land Situate Lying and being in the County
of Augusta and on the Lost River or Cacapehon and
Bounded as followeth Beginning at three Pines on
very Hilly Ground and on the West Side the River
and Runs thence S° 62° E' Three hundred Poles to
three white Oaks on the brake of the Mountains
thence S° 28° W' Two hundred and Six Poles to two
Black Oaks & a Dogwood thence N° 62° W' Three
hundred Poles to two white Oaks and a Hickory
Saplins on the Side of very Hilly Ground thence N°
28° E Two hundred and Six Poles to the Beginning
this third Day of November 1749
11

82 Journal.
November \^ 1749 Then Survey'd for William
M'=Bride a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted
Land Scituate in Augusta County and on the Lost
River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Begin
ning at three pines Francis M'=Brides Corner and runs
thence with his Lines S° 62° E' Three hundred poles to
three white Oaks another of his Corners thence N°
28° E' Two hundred and Six Pole to three white
Oakes thence N° 62 W' Three hundred poles to two
pines & a red Oak On a steep Hill from thence to
the Begining
E Plat drawn
John Donbarr M :
November 4"^ 1749 Then Survey'd for Ann Dun
barr a certain Tract of Waste Land Scituate in Au
gusta County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon
and bounded as followeth Beginning at a Pine and
white Oak pretty High up a Mountain Side and run
ning thence S° 65° E' Three hundred Poles to a white
Oak Chesnut Oak and Maple on the Mountain Side
near a Drain thence N'' 25° E' with the Mountain
Two hundred and twenty Poles to three white Oak
Saplins by a Runside thence N° 65° W' Two hundred
and twenty Poles to a red Oak and Pine on the Creek
Side thence up the Mountain Side far enough to make
out three hund'd Poles from thence to the Beginning
E Plat drawn
John Donbarr M.

Journal. 83
November 5"^ 1749 Then Surveyd for M' John
Ellswick a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted
Land Situate in Augusta County on the Waters of
Cacapehon and bounded as followeth Beginning at
three white Oakes Corner to M"^^ Ann Dunbarr and
running thence along the Mountain side N° 25 E'
One hundred Poles to three white Oaks in very Stony
ground thence bearing more to the Mountain N° 50
E' One hundred and twenty Poles to two Chesnuts
and one Chesnut Oak near the side of some Large
hanging Rocks on the side of a Mountain thence N°
65 W' Three hundred Poles to three white Saplins
in the Hollow of a the Mountains near the Road that
leads to the S° Branch thence S 38 W' One hundred
and twenty poles to Dunbarr's Corner on the Moun
tain thence with his Line S° 65 E Three hundred
pole to the B.
E Plat drawn
Jos" How M.
Survey'd For James Scott Three hundred and
Eighty Six Acres and a Quarter of Waste and Un
granted Land Situate Lying and being in the County
of Augusta and on the Lost River or Cacapehon and
Bounded as followeth Beginning at a Pine a Spruce
Pine and Spanish Oak by the side of some Large
Rocks on the East Side the River and Runs thence
N° 55° W Three hundred Poles to three Chesnut
Oaks on Short Hills thence over the Hills N° 35° E'

84 Journal.
Two hundred and Six Poles to a Large white Oak on
the Hills or Ridges from the Mountains thence S"
55° E' Three hundred Poles to a Hickory red Oak
and Maple on the Mountain Side thence S" 35° W'
Two hundred and Six Poles to the Beginning this
Sixth Day of November 1749
November 7 1749 Then Survey'd for M"" Jos'' How
a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Lying
in Augusta County and on the Lost River of Caca
pehon and bounded as followeth Beg. at a Corner of
the Land Survey'd for James Scott a Hickory red
Oak and Maple on the Mountain Side and running
thence along the Mountain N° 35 E' Two hundred
and Six Poles to two white Oaks and Maple on the
Mountain thence leaving the Mountain and run thence
N'^ 55 W 60 p° to the Road Three Hundred Poles
to Red Oak Chesnut Oak and Hickory on a Moun
tain Side thence S° 35° W' Two hundred and Six
poles to a Large white Oak James Scotts Corner
thence with his line S 55 E' Three hundred poles to
the Beg :
E. Plat drawn
Jos" How: M.
November 8"" 1 749 Then Survey'd for Andrew
Viney a certain Tract of Waste and Ungranted Land
Situate in Augusta County and on the Lost River of
Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at a
Large white Pine and three Lynn Trees growing from

Journal. ^ 85
one Stump & runs thence N° 55° W' Three hundred
Poles to three white Oaks in amongst the Mountains
thence went to the Beginning and runs S° 35 W' Two
hundred & six poles to a Maple a Lynn and Wild
Cherry Trees on the Mountain Side just on the Creek
thence N° 55 W' Three hundred Poles to a white Oak
and a Black & Hie. Oak from thence to his Opposite
Corner N° 35° E'
E Plat drawn
Andrew Vinev M
November ^^^^ 1749 Then Surveyd for M'' Luke
Collins a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted
Land Situate in the County's of Augusta and Frede
rick & on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded
as followeth Beginning at two Chesnut Oaks and a
Black and run thence S 55° E' 48 po to Barnaby
M'^Handry's Corner thence with his Line to his Cor
ner Lynn Maple & Mountain Burch on the Mountain
thence along the Mountain S 35° W' Two hundred and
Six po. to two Mountain Burches and a Gum thence
N° 55 W' three hund** poles to three white Oaks from
thence to the Beg : Plat drawn
Sam'- M-^Handry M

November \ 1749 Then Survey'd for Barnaby

86 Journal.
M'=Handry a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted
Land Situate in Frederick County on the Lost River
of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning
48 po. below William Bakers Corner 2 Chesnut Oaks
and a White Oak and runs thence S° 55° E' Two
hundred and fifty two poles to two Mountain Burches
and a white Oak on the M side thence S° 35° W'
Two hundred and fifty two po to a Lynn a Maple
and a Mountain Burch thence N" 55° W' Two hun
dred and Fifty two po to two white Oaks and a Hick
ory from thence to the Beginning
Plat drawn
William Baker M
November a ^749 Then Surveyd for William
Baker a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land
Situate in Frederick County & on the Lost River of
Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at
two Chesnut Oaks and a red Oak in amongst very
steep pine Hills Sam' Bakers Corner and runs then
with his Line S° 55° E' Three hund'' Poles to two
Mountain Burches and a Chesn' Oak on the M : th :
ale; the Mountain S'^ 55° W Two hund" & Six poles
to two Mountain Burches and a white Oak thence
N° 55 W Three hundred poles to two Chesnut Oaks
& a white Oak from th. to the Beg
Plat drawn
Sam"- Baker
November lo"* 1749 Then Survey'd for Samuel

Journal. 87
Baker a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land
Situate in Frederick County and on the Lost River
of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning
at two white Oaks near very Large Rocks and runs
thence N° 55 W' Three Hundred Poles to two white
Oaks and a Black on the Short Hills thence went
Back to the Beginning and S° 25 W Two hundred
and fifteen Poles to a Chesnut Oak and two Mountain
Burches thence N° 55 W' Three hundred poles to
two Chesnut Oaks and a red Oak
Plat drawn
Sam"- Baker M
November 11 "" 1749 Then Surveyd for William
Warden a certain Tract of waste and ungranted Land
Situate in Frederick County and on the Lost River
of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning
at two Hickorys and an Elm on the Creek side and
runs thence S° 70° W' Two hund'' & twelve Poles to a
Spanish Oak a Chesnut & a Maple thence N° 20° W:
Three hundred poles to a Chesnut Oak a white Oak
and Pine thence N° 80 E' Two hund'' and twelve p°^
and from thence to the Beginning
Plat drawn
Sam"- Baker M :
March 30"' 1750. Then Survey'd for David Edwards a
certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick
County and on Cacapehon and bounded as followeth

88 Journal.
Beg: at a white Oak Jos'" Edwards Cor: on the E'
side the River & run thence N° 70 W' 1 76 po to the
Creek 253 Po to another of J. Edwards's Cor' and
three hund" & twenty Poles to three black Oaks near
a Large Pine on the Top of a Hill thence N° 20 E'
Two hund'' Poles to four Pines on the side of a steep
Hill thence S° 70° E' Three hundred & Forty Poles
to an Ash on the Creek side near a fine spring thence
to the Beg^ 412 Acres
Plat drawn
John Lonem ) ^,„
Silvenus Smith j
David Edwards M'^
March 30"' 1750 Then Survey'd for Thom^ Edwards a
certain Tract of Waste Land Situate in Frederick
County and on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth
Beg^ at 2 Pines on the side of a Mountain about 4
Pole from the Waggon Road that leads to the S°
Branch and on the W' Side the Creek & run thence
East One hund" Pole to the Creek & three hund and
twenty Poles to a Red Oak white Oak and Hickory
on the side of a steep Hill thence South Two hundred
Poles to three white Oaks thence West 20 Po: to the
Creek Three hundred & twenty Poles to a white Oak
thence North Two hundred Poles to the Beg. con
taining four hund" acres
John Lonem \ ^,
David Edwards j
George Hyatt Plat drawn

Journal. 89
March 31" 1750 Then Survey'd for George Hyatt a cer
tain Tract of waste Land Situate on a branch of the
N° River calld Davids Run in Frederick County Beg
at 2 white Oaks on the side of a Hill in very stony
ground and Run thence S° 70° E' One hund" & Sev
enty two Poles to a Chesnut Oak amongst a Parcel
of Rocks on a Ridge of a Mountain thence N° 20°
E'. . 220 Po to the Wag° Road that leads to the S°
Branch Two hund" and Fifty Poles to a Hickory &
two white Oaks thence N° 70° W' One hund" & Sev
enty two Poles to two white Oaks on a Hill thence
S"' 20 W' Two hund" & Fifty three Po: to"' Beg^
Cont^ 272 Acres Plat drawn
John Lonem \ r m
David Edwards j
George Hyatt: Mark''.
March 31" 1750 Then Survey'd for John Parkes Jun"^
a certain Tract of Waste Land Lying & Situate in
Frederick County & on a branch of Cacapehon &
bounded as followeth beginning at two Chesnut Oaks
near a Drain of the Mountains that parts a Ridge of
Rocks & run thence S° E'. .Two hund" Poles to three
white Oaks at the foot of a mountain thence N° E'. .
Two hund Poles to three white Oaks at the foot of
the s" Mountain thence N° W' Two hund" Poles to
three Pines on the same Ridge we began at thence
13

90 Journal.
S" W' Along the Ridge Two hund" Poles to the Beg:
containing 250 Acres Plat drawn
John Lonem ) ^ ^
David Edwards j
John Parkes Mark""
April 2" 1750 Then Survey'd for Even Pugh a cer
tain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in
Frederick County on the Trout Run a branch of Ca
capehon & bounded as followeth beg^ at a white Oak
& two Poplars stand^ on the Run & Run thence S°
85° E' Three hun" and twenty Poles to two red Oaks
two Gums & a Maple thence N° 40° W' Three hund"
& twenty Poles to a white Oak from thence to the
Beg: S° 27 W' 244 Po. Con^ 226 
Plat drawn
David Edwards \ r- . n/r
Joseph Powell j
Evan Pugh Jun" Mark

April 2" 1750 Then Survey'd for Jacob Pugh a cer
tain Tract of Waste Land Situate in Frederick County
and on a branch of Cacapehon calld Trout Run beg^
at a Poplar and black Walnut on Evan Pugh's Line
on the branch and Run thence N° 50 E' One hund"
& Sixty Poles to two white Oaks in a Bottom thence
S° 40 E' Two hund" and twenty Poles to three white
Oaks thence S° 50 W' One hund" & Sixty Poles to
two red Oaks two Gums & a Maple Evan Pughs

Journal. 9 1

Corner thence with his Line N° 40 W' Two hund"
and twenty Poles to the beg^ containing 220 Acres
Plat drawn
David Edwards
Joseph Powell
Evan Pugh Jun" M"

\c.M

April 2" 1750 Then Survey'd for Joseph Powell a cer
tain Tract of Waste & ungranted Land Situate in
Frederick C: & on a branch of Cacapehon calld
Trouts Run beg^ at two white Oaks in a bottom
Jacob Pughs Corner and run thence with his Line
S° 40° E' Two hund" & twenty Poles to three white
Oaks another of J — Pughs Corner's thence N° 50 E'
One hund" & Sixty Poles to three white Oaks thence
N° 40 W' Two hund" & twenty Poles to two Pines
thence S° 40 W' One hund" & Sixty Poles to the Beg:
Containing 220 Acres Plat drawn
Jacob Pugh ) ^ ^
Evan Pugh j
Joseph Powell M
April 2" 1750 Then Survey'd for Thom^ Hughs a
certain Tract of Waste & ungran" Land Situate in
Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bound" as fol
loweth beg : at a red Oak & white Oak at the foot
of a steep Mountain and run thence N° 25 W' One
hund''^ and Seventy 4 Poles to an Elm & red Oak
Saplins thence N° ^5° W* . . . Three hund" & Forty

92 Journal.
Poles to two Pines on a Ridge thence N° 75° E' Two
hund" Poles to two red Oaks in the bottom thence S°
25° E' Three hund" & forty Poles to three white Oaks
near the lick Branch thence to the beg. Con^ 419
Acres Plat drawn
Jacob Pugh ] ^_. ^
Evan Pugh j
William Hugh's M''
April 3" 1 750 Then Survey'd for Hugh Hughs a cer
tain Tract of waste & ungranted Land Situate lying
& being in Frederick County & on Cacapehon &
bounded as followeth beginning at two swamp white
Oaks standing under a steep hill & run thence N° 75
W Four hund" & twenty Poles to two Pines and a
Chesnut Oak on the Ridge of a Mountain thence S°
17 W' Two hund" Poles to two white Oaks thence S°
73° E' at 72 p° came to a black in thom' Hughs's Line
about 80 po: from his corner at 192 Po came to three
white Oaks in another Line of Th' Hughs's four
hund" and twenty Poles to three white Oaks from
thence to the beg^ Con^ 480 Acres
Plat drawn
John Lonem \ r- n/r
Jos" Powell j ^ ^'^
William Hughs M''
April 3" 1750 Then Survey'd for William Hughs Senior
a certain Tract of Waste Land Situate in Frederick

Journal. 93
County and on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth
beg. at two swamp white Oaks hugh hughs Corner &
run thence N'' 1 7 E' Two hund" Poles to three white
Oaks near the Creek thence N° 73° W' Three hund"
and twenty Poles to three Pines on the side of a
Mountain thence S° 17° W'. .Two hund" Poles to the
beg : containing 400 Acres
Plat drawn
John Lonem \ r m
Joseph Powell | *
Elias Hughs M''
April 4"" 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for William Hughs Jun''
a certain Tract of Waste & ungranted Land Situate
lying and being in Frederick County & on Cacapehon
& bounded as followeth beg at three white Oaks &
run thence N° 73° W' 40 Pole to William Hughs Sen'
Corner Three hund" & twenty Poles to a stake thence
N° 35° E' Two hund" & twenty Poles to three Gums
in a Drain of the Mountain thence S° 73° E' Three
hund" & Eighty Poles to two white Walnuts thence
to the beg S° 47 W' 245 Po Con^ 460 Acres
John Lonem \ n M
Evan Pugh j
Elias Hughs — Jf''
April 4"' 1 750 Plat drawn —
Then Survey'd for Nicholas Robinson a
certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick
County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth

94 Journal.
beginning at two white red Oaks about two pole
below a spring & under a mountain & clift of Rocks
& run thence S° 45° E' Two hund" & sixty Six Pole
thence S° 45° W' Two hund" & Forty Pole thence N°
45° W' Two hund" & Sixty Six Pole to 2 Pines & i
White Oak thence N° 45° E' Two hund" & Forty
Poles to the beg: Containing 400 Acres
John Lonem — \ r M
Samuel Brown j
Nicholas Robinson M""
April 5"" 1750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for William Henry Wel-
ton a certain Tract of 390 Acres of waste and un
granted Land Situate in Frederick County & on
Cacaphon & bounded as followeth beg. at two white
Oaks & a bliack Oak John Woodfins beg : Corner &
run thence S° 50° W' Two hund" Poles to two Pines
high on a mountain Side thence S° 35° E'Two hund"
& Sixty Poles to three white Oaks in William Hughs
Jun' Line thence with his Line S° 73 E' 100 Pole to
two white Walnuts under a clift of Rocks on the
Creek William Hughs corner thence I Went back to
the beg. & run with Woodfins Line S° 20 E' Eighty
Six Po: crossing Cacapehon to a red oak & white
Walnut thence S° E' One hund" & sixty one Pole to
a white Oak near y'' foot of a hill then close the Line
The above Plat begins at Woodfins Cor'^ & fun
N W'
John Lonem \ r m
Samuel Woodfin j ' " John Welton

Journal. 95
April 5"' 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for Edward Kinnison
Jun' a certain Tract of Waste Land Situate in Fred
erick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth
beg. at two red Oaks N. Rob" Corner about 2 Pole
below a Spring & run thence S° 45° E' Three hund"
& Twenty Poles thence N° 45 E' two hund" Poles
thence N° 45° W' Three hund" & Forty Po. to two
white Oaks under a, mountain & clift of Rocks thence
to the beg.
John Lonem \ ^ j^
Sam'- Brown j
Edward Kinnison M'^
April 5"" 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for John Lonem a cer
tain Tract of waste Land Situate Lying & being in
Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as
followeth beg: at two white Oaks under a clift of
Rocks Edward Kinnison's Corner & run thence N°
37° E' Two hund" & forty Poles to two hickorys &
white Oak on a Mountain Side thence S° 53 E'Two
hund" & forty Poles thence S° 38° W' 274 Po. to In
tersect Kinnison N W' Line thence N W' 240 to the
beg^s Con^  390 Acres
John Lonem 1 ^^. ^^^
Sam"- Brown j
Nicholas Robinson M
April lo"" 1750 Plat drawn.
Then Surveyd for Darby M^Keaver

96 Journal.
Sen' *' a certain Tract of waste & ungranted Land
situate Lying & being in Frederick County and on
Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg: at One white
Oak & two hickorys John Lonems Corner & run
thence N'' 37 E' Two hund" and twenty Poles to 2
Pines & a black Oak on a steep Mountain side thence
S° 53 E' Three hund" Poles to two white Oaks & a
Pine thence S° 37 W' Two hund" & twenty Poles
from thence S° 53 W' 60 Po to John Lonem's Corner
Three hund" Poles to the beg. Con^ 41 2^ Acres
John Lonem \ r M
David Edwards j
James Dilouza M""
*^ The following is copied from a patent for land granted to
Darby McKeaver, Sr., recorded at Winchester, Frederick Co.,
Va. The survey was made by George Washington, but it is
not contained in the field note book of surveys of " My Jour
ney over the Mountain," we quote: "Granted by Eight Hon
Thomas Lord Fairfax of Cameron to Darby McKeaver Elder
of Frederick Co. Virginia. Bounded by survey of a tract in
s'd County on Great Cacapon made by Mr George Washington.
Beginning at two Hickorys & a white Oak John Lonem's Cor
ner, thence N 37 E. Two hundred and twenty poles to two
Pines & a Black Oak on the side of a steep mountain, thence
S. 53, E. Three hundred poles to two White Oaks & a Pine S.
37 W. Two hundred & twenty Poles, Thence N. 53, W Sixty
Poles to John Lonem's Corner Three hundred poles to the be
ginning, containing Four hundred and twelve and a half acres.
Patent granted October 7"' 25"" year of the Eeign of
George Second."
April 10"' 1750  this Car" to Fo" 82
Then surveyd for Darby M'^Keaver
Jun' a certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Fred-

Journal. 97
erick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as fol
loweth beg: at a red Oak & Pine about a Mile &
quarter below his other Survey and Run thence S° 53
E' One hund" Poles to 2 white Oaks thence S° 20 E'
Two hund" & thirty eight Poles to a Spanish Oak
white Oak & hickory thence S 37 W ninety two
Poles to 2 Pines & a white Oak thence N° 53 W'
Three hund" Poles to three Pines from thence to the
beg.John Lonem \ r M
David Edwards ) "
James Dilouza M'

V82

^ This survey has a cross drawn over its face and the follow
ing words added after the date : this Car'' to F" 82. It is prob
able that some error had discovered itself when an attempt
was made to draw a plat by the metes and bounds as given.
As this illustrates Washington's careful attention to details, it
is given just as he left it.

April lo"" 1750 Then Surveyd the vacant Lot betwixt
Darby M'^Keaver and Son in Frederick County & on
Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg: at 3 Pines
Sons Corner near the Mountain & Run thence S° 37
W' Two hund" & ninety Six Pole to Darbys Line &
twenty Pole from the Corner then went to the Corner
& run with his Line S° 53° E' & so Round y'= whole
binding on their Lines & Corners
John Lonem \ r M
David Edwards j
13

98 Journal.
April 11"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for John Parke Sen' a
certain Tract of waste Land situate in Frederick
County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg:
at two Pines on a Mountain Side & run thence S 57
E' Three hund" & twenty Poles to a Pine & two
hickory bushes on the Top of a clear hill thence S°
33° W' Two hund" Poles to 2 white Oaks in Level
ground thence N° 57 W' 200 Pole to the Creek Three
hund" & twenty Poles from thence to the beg
John Lonem )
Silvenus Smith )
Rich" Arnold — Sen"
April 11"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for Richard Arnold Jun'
a certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick
County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg:
at a black Oak & hickory at the foot of a Mountain
& run thence S'^ 57 E' Three hund" & twenty Poles
to 2 Pines & a Spanish thence S° 33 W' Two hund"
Pole to a hickory black Oak & white Oak thence N°
5 7 W' Three hund" & twenty Poles to two white Oaks
from thence to the beg:
John Lonem 1
Silvenus Smith j
Richard Arnold Jun"
April ii"" 1750 Then Survey'd for M' Joseph Edwards
a certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick

Journal. on
County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg:
at a black Oak & hickory at the foot of a Mountain
Richard Arnold's Corner & run thence with his Line
S° 57 E' Three hund" & twenty Poles to a Pine & 2
Spanish Oaks another of Arnolds Corner's thence N°
33 E' Two hund" Poles to three white Oaks by a
small branch near a Path thence N°; 57 W' Three
hund" & twenty Poles to two white Oaks on the
Mountain side thence to the beg
John Lonem \
Silvenus Smith |
Richard Arnold Sen"
April 12*^ 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for James Gaudy ^^ a certain
Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick County &
on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg at a white
Oak on the East Side the Creek a Corner of his
Patent Land & run thence S° 53 E' 200 Po : to a white
Oak on a Level near the Waggon Road another of
his Corners thence S° 37 W' Ninety Six Poles to a
white Oak in Jos'* Edwards Line thence with his Line
N° 57 W' iio.Po. Jos'' Edwards Corner thence to y=
beg containing 98 Acres
John Lonem \
Sylvenus Smith j
Rich" Arnold Jun"
^ One of the natural curiosities of West Virginia is
" Gaudy's Castle," named presumably for this individual, who,
Kercheval says, had taken refuge from the Indians on the sum
mit of a stupendous detached rock standing out from a precipi
tous mountain side and having an elevation of several hundred
feet. It is situated a couple of miles above the forks of Capon.

lOO Journal.
April 1 2"' 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for Thomas Parker Sen"^
a certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick
County & on the N° River of Cacapehon & bounded
as followeth beg at 2 white Oaks on y" W. side the
Creek & Run thence N° 36 W' Two hund" Pole to
a Hickory & black Oak in the bent of the Creek th :
S° 54 W' Two hund" Pole to two Pines on a Stony &
Piney Point thence S° 62 W' Eighty four Poles to a
white Oak & maple on y* Creek thence S° 30 W' One
hund" & Eighty Poles to 3 Pines & a white Oak in
flat Level Ground from thence to the beg. N° 38 E'
220 Con^ 237 Acres
John Lonem 1
Rich" Arnold Sen" j
Barnaby Lynch —
April 1 3"' 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for Evan Pugh Jun' a
certain Tract of Waste Land Situate in Frederick
County on a very small branch & bounded as followeth
beg at 3 white Oaks on a Stony Ridge & run th : S°
60 E' One hund" & Sixty Po : to two Chesnut Oaks
& a Pine th : N° 30 E' One hund" & Sixty Pole to two
red Oaks & a white Oak thence N° 60 W' One hund"
& Sixty Pole to a Ches' Oak & black Oak on a Rocky
Ridge thence S° 30 W' One hund" & Sixty Pole to
the beg: Con^ 160
John Lonem
James Thomas
Jacob Pugh :

Journal. loi
April 13"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for Benjamin Phipps a
certain Tract of Waste & ungranted Land Situate in
Frederick County & on the North River of Cacapehon
& bounded as followeth beg: at a white red & Chesnut
Oaks on y'= west side the River & run thence N° 26
W' Three hund" & twenty Poles to three Pine Saplins
in very hilly Ground thence S° 64 W' Two hund" Pole
to three white Oaks on the Top of a Mountain thence
S° 26 E' Three hund" & twenty Poles to 3 white Oaks
in a hollow th: to the beg
John Lonem \ r- M
Aaron Ashbrook j
Benjamin Phipps Mark.
April 14"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for George Nickson a
certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick
County & on the N° River of Cacapehon Sz: bounded
as followeth beg. at 3 red Oaks on the River Side &
W' side & run thence N° 60 W' Three hund" & twenty
Poles to 2 Black Oaks & a Pine thence S 30 W' Two
hundred Poles to a white Oak & Pine in the fork of
three hollows thence S° 60 E' Three hund" & twenty
Pole to two Pines 20 Po x^" y* Creek thence N° 30 E'
Two hund" Poles to the beg: containing 400 Acres
John Lonem \ r^ jhr
James Smith j
George Nickson M"
' ^ X — I think he means across.

I02 Journal.
April 14"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for Josiah Arnold a cer
tain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick County
& on the N° River of Cacapehon & bounded as fol
loweth beg: at a red Oak near a great Rock on the
East side y^ River & run thence N" 48 W' Three
hund" & twenty Poles to two Pines thence N° 42 E'
Two hund" Pole thence S° 48 E' Three hund" Poles
to the Creek Three hund" & twenty Poles to 2 Lynn
Trees & a Maple thence S° 42 W' to the beg: contain
ing 400 Acres
John Lonem )
James Smith 3
Josiah Arnold
April 14"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for James Smith a cer
tain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick County
& on the N° River of Cacapehon & bounded as fol
loweth beg: at a hickory & Walnut on y^ Creek Side
& west Side & opposite against a Pavement of Rocks
& run thence N'' 48° W' Three hund" & twenty Poles
to 2 Pines amongst steep Hills thence N° 42 E' 200
Pole to 2 Pines thence S° 48° E' Three hund" &
twenty Poles to 2 Pines on a Mountain Side thence
S° 42 W' 200 Pole to the Beg: Containing 400
Acres John Lonem \
George Nickson j
James Smith

Journal. 103
April 16''' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for John Stackhouse a
certain Tract of Waste & ungranted Land Situate in
Frederick County & on the N° River of Cacapehon
& bounded as followeth beg at a Large white Oak &
hickory on the E' side the River & run thence N° 45
W' Three hund" & five Pole thence S° W' Two hund"
& Ten Pole thence S° E' Three hund" & five Pole to
two white Oaks in a small Island under the foot of a
Mountain thence N° E' Two hund" & ten Pole to the
beg. Containing 400 Acres
John Lonem ) 
James Smith j
John Stackhouse
April 16"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for James Warden the
Vacant Land situate in Augusta County & between
y^ Lines of Andrew Viney & Luke Collins on the
Lost River & bounded as followeth beg: at 3 white
Oaks amongst Piney Hills Luke CoUins's Corner &
run thence with his Line S° 55° E' Three hund" Poles
to two Mountain Burches & a Gum on a steep Moun.
side thence S° 35 W' One hund" & Seventy Six Pole
to a Large white Pine & three Lynn Trees growing
from one Stump And'' Vineys Corner thence with his
Line N° 55 W' Three hund" Poles to three white
Oaks in amongst y* Mountains another of V. Corners
thence to y* beg Con^ 330 Acres
John Lonem
James Scott

I04 Journal.
April 16"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd the Waste Land for
Francis M'^Bride & Robert Denton between their
Lines beg: at 2 Pines & a Spanish Oak on the left
side the River & run thence N° 28° E' 128 Pole to
Frank M°Brides Line thence up his Line to his Cor.
ner N° 62° W' 72 Pole to M'=Brides Corner 2 white
Oaks & a hickory when plotted of is from Dentons
Corner to M'=Brides, North 148 thence around with
there Lines containing 244 Acres
John Lonem
Daniel Lizenby
Rob''' Denton
April 18"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for David Dunbar a cer
tain Tract of waste Land Situate in Augusta County
& on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg at a
white Oak Chesnut Oak & Maple Corner to Ann
Dunbar & run thence S° 25° W' Two hund" Poles to
3 white Oaks thence N° 65 W' Three hund" & Eighty
Poles to 3 white Oaks at the foot of a Mountain
thence to John Dunbar corner from thence with his
Line to y^ beg Cont^ 425 Acres this Plat beg: at John
Dunbar's beg. Corner
John Lonem
Daniel Lizenby
William Warden

Journal. 105
April 19"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for William Miller Horse
Jockey a certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Au
gusta County & on the Lost River of Cacapehon &
bounded as followeth beg at a white Oak & Spruce
Pine Edward Hogan's Corner & Run thence S° 10°
W' Two hund" & twenty Poles to 3 white Oaks on
the Edge of the bottom thence S° 68 E' Two hund"
& Eighty Poles to 2 Chesnut Oaks & a hickory on a
Mountain Side thence N° 10 E' Two hund" & twenty
Poles to another of Hogan's Corners thence with his
Line to the beg Con^ 380 Acres
John Lonem
Dan'- Lizenby
William Miller
April 19"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for James Thomas a cer
tain Tract of waste Land Situate in Augusta County
and on the Lost River or Cacapehon & bounded as
followeth beg at two white Oaks by a small branch &
run thence S° 65° E' Three hund" Pole to .2 white
Oaks good way on the Mountain side thence N° 25
E' Two hund" Pole to an hickory Maple & Ash on a
Rocky Run thence N° 65 W' Three hund" Poles to 3
Pines then S° 25 W' Two hund" Poles to the beg
Con^ 375 Acres
John Lonem
William Miller
Robert Denton
14

io6 Journal.
April 20"' 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for James Dilouza a cer
tain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick County
& on a branch of the N° Branch of Cacapehon &
bounded as followeth beg: at a Chesnut Oak white
Oak & hickory on a hill near the Mountain Side &
run thence N° 52 W' Two hund" & fifty two Poles to
a white Oak & black Oak thence S° 38 W' Two hund"
& fifty two Poles to j Spanish Oaks on y' Mountain
Side thence S" 52 E' Two hund" & fifty two Poles to
3 Spanish Oaks on a Mountain Side thence to y'= beg:
Cont^J 397 Acres
John Lonem
James Warden
James Dilouza
April 20"' 1750 Drawn
Then Surveyd for David Wood a certain
Tract of waste 8: ungranted Land Situate in Augusta
County & on y" N° River of Cacapehon & bounded
as followeth beg : at a hickory & Walnut against a
Pavement of Rocks James Smiths Corner & Run
thence S° 42 W' two hund" Pole to a white Oak &
hickory on y* west side y* Creek thence N° 48 W'
have recourse to y^ returnd Survey^'
John Lonem
John Stackhouse
Daniel Wood
*° This line is written in pencil.

Journal. 107
April 20"' 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for Jonathan Arnold a
certain Tract of Waste Land Situate in Frederick
County & on y* N° River of Cacapehon & bounded
as followeth beg: at a white Oak & hickory on y^ E'
side y'= River David Woods Corner & Run thence
with his Line N° 48 W' Three hund" & twenty Poles
to his corner thence S° 42 W' Two hund" Pole thence
S° 48 E' Three hund" & twenty Poles to 2 Pines
thence N° 42 E' 200 po^^ to y* beg : Contain^ 400
Acres 320 N°48W'32o'
200 s° 42 W' 200 ! 86
 S° 48 E' 320 [
6400 1^400 N° 42 E' 200 J
640
John Lonem
John Stackhouse
Jonathan Arnold
^ The last line and the record of courses and distances and
the figuring are in pencil.
April 21" 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for Robert Lindsay a
certain Tract of Waste Land Situate in Frederick
County & on y'= N° River of Cacapehon & bounded
as followeth beg : at 3 white Oaks & on y" foot of a
Mountain & run thence N° 48 W' Three hund" &
twenty Poles to thence N° 42 E' Two hund" Poles
thence S° 48 E' Three hund" & twenty Poles to a

io8 Journal.
forked Pine & white Oak thence S° 42 W' Two hund"
Poles to y^ beg : containing 400 Acres
John Lonem
John Stackhouse
Jonathan Arnold
April 23" 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for Henry Enoch a cer
tain Tract of waste Land Situate at y^ Fork of Caca
pehon & bounded as followeth beg. at 2 red Oaks
near y^ Cacapehon & Run thence N° 12 E'Two hund"
Poles to red Oak Sz; Spanish Oak on y'= side of a steep
Hill thence N° 78 W' 100 Pole to y« Creek Two
hund" Si Seventy Poles to 2 white Oaks Sz: a red Oak
thence S° 1 2° W' 200 Po to y^ N° River Two hund"
Sz: Sixty Poles to 2 white Oaks %l a hickory thence to
y= beg: S" 78 W' 275 Poles Con^ 388 Acres
John Lonem ]
John Keith j
John Constant
April 23" 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for John Newton a certain
Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick County Sz:
on y"= N° River about a Mile above y^ F'ork and
bounded as followeth beg : at 2 white Oaks Ba a
hickory Henry Enocks's Corner %i run thence with
his Line N° 12 E' Two hund" Sz: Sixty Poles to
another of Enocks Corners 2 white Oaks %i red Oak
thence West Two hund" Poles to 2 hickorys Sz: a Pine

Journal. 109
thence S° 12 W'Two hund" Sz: Sixty Poles to 2 Pines
in clear Ground thence East 200 to y° beg : at 50 Po
came to y^ N° River Con^ 315 Acres
John Lonem \ ^ n/r
John Keith j ^- ^'^
John Constant Marker
April 24"' 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for Thomas Wiggans a
certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick
County Sz: on Potomack River about \ Mile above
y^ Mouth of great Cacapehon %i bounded as followeth
beg: at a white Oak a white Hickory Bi. white Wood
Tree just on y^ Mouth of Wiggan's Run Bl opposite
to a nob of y" Mountains in Maryland & run thence
S° 25 W' Two hund" Sz; twenty Eight Poles to a white
hickory an Elm Sz: Mulberry about 30 Pole from Ca
capehon thence N° 75 W' One hund" Be forty Poles
to a Chesnut Oak Sz; white Oak thence N° 25 E' Two
hund" Sz: Sixty Poles to a white Oak red Oak Sz: Iron
Wood on y^ Riverside thence down y" several Mean
ders thereof S° 67^ E' 37 Po S° 58^ E' 74 Po S° 55
E' to y* beg Con^ 210 Acres —
John Lonem
Isaac Dawson
William Wiggans
April 24"' 1 750 Plat drawn
Than Survey'd for Isaac Dawson a cer^
tain Tract of waste Land Situate Lying & being in a

no Journal.
Neck of Land between Cacapehon & Potomack
River S: bounded as followeth beg at a white Oak
white hickory Sz; white Wood tree Thom' Wiggans
Cor. Sz: run thence with his Line S° 25 W' One hund"
Sz: Eighty two Poles to a Walnut Sz; hickory in T'
Wiggans Line thence S° 75 E' twenty Pole to 2 white
Oaks on y" Creekside thence y' several Meanders
thereof N° 69 E' Thirty six po S"^ 6oi E' 62 Po; S°
4oi E' 56, S" 26 E' One hund" & twelve Po, S° 59
E' fifty four Po., N° 38 E' Seventy two Pole, N° 28
E' Thirty eight, P° N° 2 W' 44 Po; N° 56^ W' 50
N° 40 W' 44 Po, N'' 51 W' 26 Po N° 42 W' 52 Po.
S° \o\ E' 42 to y* Mouth of y^ Creek thence up y*
Meanders of y^ River N° 71 W' 92 Po N° 45 W' 30
Po. to y* beg. Con^ 270 Acres —
John Lonem
William Wiggans
Isaac Dawson —
April 24"' 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for Thom' Williams a
certain Tract of waste L" Situate just below y^ Mouth
of y= Caca Bl on Potomack River Sz: bounded as fol
loweth beg: at a Maple & Sugar at y*= Mouth of y«
Creek Sz: Run y® Meanders of y"= River S° 79 E' 90 Po
S° 70 E' 50 Pole to a White Oak Sz: Sugar tree grow
ing together at y" Top by y^ Mouth of a gully thence
leaving y* River Ba Run thence S° i W' One hund"
Sz: fifteen Po th= S° 72 W' 28 Po to y« C Sz: op« to
Dawson's C: y* two last Courses down y" Creek are

Journal. in
N° 42° W' 35 P N° 17° E' 52 P to y« beg Con^ 95
Ac'
John Lonem
William Wiggans
Thom' Williams
April 25"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for Nicholas Friend a
certain Tract of waste Land Situate on Potomack
River about 2 Miles below y'= Mouth of Little Caca
pehon Sz: bounded as followeth beg at 2 hickorys Sz: a
Sugar Tree at y"" Mouth of a Run on y" River brink
Sz: run thence S° 55 E' Sixty Pole to two Pines on y'^
top of a Ridge thence S° 35 W' One hund" Sz; Sixty
Poles to 2 white Oaks Sz: an ash about 18 Pole x y'=
Run we began at thence N°55 W' One hund" Sz: thirty
Pole to 2 Sycamores on y^ River Side thence down
y" Meanders of y" River N° 4 W' fifty four Po. N°
28 E' forty Po. N" 70 E twenty Six Po. N'' 75 E'
Twenty one Po. N° 79^ E' Thirty Poles S° 80 E' 72
Po. to y^ beg. Con^ 142 Acres
John Lonem
Samuel Plumb
John Friend
April 25"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for Friend Cox a certain
Tract of waste L" Situate in Frederick Co'^" Sz; on
Potomack Sz; Little Cacapehon & bounded as follow
eth beg. at 2 hickorys Sz: a Spanish Oak at y'= Mouth
of Little Cacapehon Sz: y^ lower Side & run thence y*

112 Journal.
Meanders of y« River N° 84 E' thirty Pole S" 86 E'
Twenty Eight Pole N'' 65 E' 68 Pole East forty Pole
to 2 Burches thence leaving y^ River S° 10 E' Two
hund" & forty Poles Run S° 80 W' One hund" Sz; thirty
Poles to y'= Creek then N° 22 W' Sixty Pole N° 45^
W' 100 Po N'' 12 E' 30 N° 39 E' 16 Po N° 15 W' 56
Po to y^ beg Con^ 240 Acres
John Lonem
John Parker
Rich" Lane
April 26"' 1750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for John Parker of S°
Br'^'' a certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Fred
erick Sz: on Little Cacapehon Ba about \ Mile above
y'= Buffilo Lick Sz; bounded as followeth beg: at a
white Oak Sz; red Oak on y'' hillside Sz: Run thence
S° 50 E Two hund" Pole thence S° 40 W' One hund"
Ba Sixty Pole thence N° 50 W' Two hund" Pole to a
black Oak Spanish Oak Sz; white Oak thence N" 40
E' One hund" Ba Sixty Poles to y* Beg: Containing
200 Acres
John Lonem
Henry Enoch
John Parker
April 27"" 1750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for Silvenus Smith a
certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick
County Sz: on Cacapehon Ba bounded as followeth beg:
at a hickory black Oak And white Oak Rich" Arnolds

Journal. 1 1 3
Corner Ba run thence with his Line N° 57 W' Three
hund" Sz: twenty Poles to 2 white Oaks another of
Arnolds Corners thence S" 33 W' One hund" Sz:
twenty four Poles to 2 Pines John John Parke Sen'
Corner thence with Parke's Line S° 57 E' Three
hund" Ba twenty Poles to a Pine Sz: two hickorys an
other of Parke's Corner thence to y* beg : find y^
Course & Quantity ^'
John Lonem . . .
Rich" Arnold Jun"
Silvenus Smith
April 27"" 1750 Plat drawn.
Then Resurveyd Darby M^Keaver's
Jun' Land beg. at a red Oak & Pine his old Corner
& Run thence S° 53 E' 70 Po to a hickory & black
Oak on y* Creek Side then up y" Creek S° 37 W' 60
to 2 black Oaks on y* Creek Side thence S° 53 E' 230
Po. to 2 Chesnut Oaks & a black on Piney Ground
thence S° 37 W' 140 Po to 2 Pines & a white Oak
thence N° 53 W' Three hund" Poles to three Pines
find y^ Course *'
from thence -^ to y" beg: Con^ 315 Acres
John Lonem
Silvenus Smith
Roger Parkes
" Interlined in lead pencil.
April 28"' 1750 Plat drawn.
Then Surveyd for James M'= Cay a cer-
15

114 Journal.
tain Tract of Waste Land Situate in Frederick
County bounded as followeth beg : at 2 white Oaks
Sz: a Gum in Level L" about 10 Po from y' Waggon
r" Ba run thence S° 27 W' Three hund" Sz: twenty Po
to 3 white Oaks thence N° 63 W' 30 Po to y" Waggon
Road that Leads up y'= Creek to Woodfins two hund"
Poles to 2 Chesnut Oaks thence N° 27 E' 270 Po to
y* Wag" Road Three hund" Ba twenty Poles to 3
Pines thence S° 63 E' Two hund" Pole to y" beg
Con^ 400
John Lonem
David Edwards
James M'=Cay

August 16"' 1750 Plat drawn.
N. B. This Plat made to begin at y* Double hick
ory S° ni W' 280 po.
Then Survey'd for M' Edward Musgrove
a certain Tract of waste Sz: ungranted Land Situate
in Frederick County Ba on Shannondoah River Sz;
joining his Patent Land bounded as followeth Beg. at
a Corner Stone where his Corner tree stood on the
River Side & run up the several Courses thereof S°
. . .63°. . .W'. .40 poles S°. .43°. .15" W' 60 poles to
an Ash on the River Corner to William Vestalls
Patent Land thence with his Lines N° 40 W' Eight
poles to a white Oak Saplin V. C. thence S° . . 70 W'
92 poles to I blacks oak in y^ fork of a road thence
N°..3ii E' 426— -Poles to a Double hic^ Corn' to

Journal. 115
Musgroves Pa. L" Ba y* pat. L" of John Vestall thence
to y® beg 135 Acres 
Reuben Rutherford
John Musgrove, .

I Ned Musgrove M"-

August 20"' 1750 Plats drawn
Then Re Survey'd for Richard Stephen
son and William Davis a certain tract of waste and
ungranted Land beg : at i Spanish Oak black Oak Ba
white Oak Sz: run thence N°  10°. . . E' Forty three
poles to a Large hie : in a hallow thence S° . . . 80 E'
One hund" poles to a Large white Oak & small hick
ory in or near y^ Old Corner th : S°. .37. .E' One
hund" Sz: Eighty four poles to a Dead white O. Sz: liv
ing one by a path side thence N°. = 36. . . . E' Thirty
Six poles to a Stoop^ white Oak by a path Side Cor
ner to a tract Survey'd for William Davis thence S°
 5o°-45' . . . E' four hund" and twelve poles to a
red Oak Another Corner of William Davis's Land in
CoP Geo. Fairfax's Line thence S° 41 W' Three hund"
Sz: Ninety Eight Poles to a hickory Saplin about 8
pole X the N° Branch of Bullskin^^ thence N°..37°
. . . W'. . .Two hund" Sz: Eighty poles to small hickory
Saplins about 90 pole from the Corner of the Patent
Land a broken top" red Oak Pits's — Patent thence
with his Lines N° 50 E' Seventy poles to a red Oak
in Stephensons clear'd Ground — thence N" 5 W' 242
p to a Corner — Two hund" Ba fifty poles to 2 hick
orys thence N°-35°-W' 160 po. thence N° 85° 30' W'
18 ps- to a Large white Oak by a parcel of Rocks

1 1 6 Journal.
then reduced to a straight Line is N°. . .40°-45'. . W'
One hund" & Seventy One po thence N°. . .80- W'
Seventy Eight poles to the beg : con^ 810
Lewis Thomas 1 398
William Crawford j 240
Daniel M=Kleduff M''. 158
** Bullskin is a small stream which rises within the present
boundaries of Jefferson county, West Virginia. George Wash
ington, and also his brothers Lawrence and John Augustine,
owned large tracts of land in the vicinity of this stream.
August 21 to 23 1750 Plat drawn
Then Survey'd for Maj' Lawrence
Washington the Waste Land between the Lines of
M' Worthington Davis Sz: T Keys bounded as follow
eth beg at 4 Sycamores standing on the edge of
Worthington's Run being his C : & run thence S" 72
W' Twenty eight Poles to a red Oak thence N° 78°
E' Two hund" Ba Ninety four poles to several small
Saplins Wor^' beg. Corner thence S° 20° W' Two
hund^ 8c Sixty poles to a red Oak, thence N° 70 W'
One hund" Sz; twenty poles to a white Oak, thence
N° 20 W' Two hund" Ba Seventy Six poles to a white
Oak, Then West Forty five Poles to a white Oak
hickory Ba Walnut S° 10° W' Five hund" & forty poles
to a black Oak thence S° 80° E' Sixty poles to a white
Oak thence N° 10° E' 45 poles to a C : of Pitts's
Patent Land Eighty Eight poles to a Large hickory
in a hallow Corner to y" L" Surveyd for Davis &
Stephenson thence with their Lines S° 80° E' One
hund" poles to a Large white Oak Sz: small hickory

Journal. 117
thence S° 37^° E' One hund" & Eighty four poles to
2 white Oaks one of them Dead by a path side thence
N° 36 E' Thirty Six poles to a stooping white Oak by
the S° path Corner to a Sepe* Survey made for Wil
liam Davis thence with his Lines N° 29^° E' One
hund" Sz: fifty Six poles to 2 red Oaks Davis's Corner
thence to a Corner of his Patent L" S° 54 E' Six
poles a Large red Oak y* beg. C. of his Patent (his
patent Lines being protracted) went to y* Corner of
Samuel Waker's Patent L" now W a white Oak &
run thence along his Line Sz; keys S° 17 W Three
hund" 8c thirty four poles to 2 red Oaks where Keys
Corner sh" stand the Courses being protracted thence
S° 72° E' Two hund" & four poles to a hickory on the
West side a Meadow where Davis's Patent s" Corner
then following the Courses of his patent S W' One
hund" Sz: Eight poles to a red Oak on y'= side of a
hill (y* patent says a hickory but their is neither Line
or Corner to be found) thence N° 70° W' One hund"
Sz: forty poles to a black Oak & white Oak Near a
glade Ba on y'= N° side th: N° 45° W' 148 po: to a
Large Oak in a small hallow thence N E' 22 po to a
hic: Sap th. N W' 76 poles to 3 tri. hic near a
path th. N° 82 E' 82 poles to Davis's patent C
W^ Crawford \ r r
Lewis 'Tho^ f Daniel M'^Kleduff.

August 23" 1750 Then survey'd for Maj" Law'
Washington of Fairfax County a certain tract of

1 1 8 Journal.
waste and ungranted Land in Frederick joining
Worthington's Land and Beg: at the 2" corner the s"
Worthington's tract a red Oak and extended with his
Line N° 70 W one hundred and twenty poles to
white Oak thence leaving his Lines and extended S°
60 W one hundred and seventy four poles to two
white Oaks, one double stand's on y'® side of the
Old wag'" Road thence N° 80 W fifty Six poles to a
white Oak and hic''^ in Worthingtons Line thence
with his Lines S° 10 W. two hundred poles to a black
Oak thence S° 80 E. Sixty poles to a white Oak
thence N° 10 E^ 25 po to a c" of Pitts's patent L'"
Eighty eight poles to a large hi'''' c'' to a survey known
bytha'tof Pitts's now Stephenson's J r then with these
Lines S° 80 E' one hund'" poles to a large white Oak
and small hic"^ thence S° 87^ E' one hundred &
Eighty four poles to two white Oaks one of them
dead 8c stand's by a path thence N° 86 E^ thirty six
poles to a Sloaping white Oak on the edge of the s'"
path c'' to a survey made for W" Davis thence with
his Lines N° 29} E' one hund'" and fifty six poles to
two read Oaks S° 54 E' six po to a c" of his pat'" L'"
th : with a Line therof N° 82 E^ 82 po to 3 live hic"^
thence N° 10 W. one hund'" and Eighty four poles
and S° 85 W. One hund'" and fifteen poles to the
Beg : con's Six hund'" and thirteen acres.
W^ Crawford |
Lewis Tho^ J ' ' Per G. Washington*'
89 The field notes of this survey, as well as the neatly drawn

Journal. 119
plat of the land, is on one side of a large, loose foolscap sheet of
paper, and all in the handwriting of Washington. As the dia
gram can easily be reproduced from the notes, no engraving of
it is given in this work.
August 24'" & 25'" Plats drawn
Survey'd for Maj' Law* Washington
y" following Tract of Land Beg at 3 Sycamores a
Corner of Rob' Worthington's Pa' L" Sz; run thence
N° 10° W' 24, po. to a white Oak another of W C
thence N° 5 W' 24 po. to a hick^ another of W^ C
th N° 2 E' 42 po to a hickory W C thence N° 24 W'
64 po to a hic : th., N° 49° W' 46 po to a white Oak
th S'' W' 74 poles to a white Oak th S° 27 W' 28
poles to a white Oak Sz: hickory th: N° 65 W' 178
poles to a red Oak th North 158 to a red O. th West
50 po to a white Oak th N° no poles to a white Oak
& red Oak on y" East side a glade another Corner of
his Patent L" also a Corner of his Survey th with
those Lines N° 89 E' 208 po to a Large red Oak &
small hickory th N° 19^ E' 262 poles to 3 Locusts in
a Bottom thence leaving his Lines Sz; run th N° 83°
E' 18 po to a Double hickory near a Limestone Rock
Henry Bradshaws Corner th: with his Lines S° 70
E' 210 po to 3 hick'" and a Locust 4 poles from a
Large red Oak on a Level Bradshaws Corner th N°
20 E' 68 po to a white Oak on a Level in Bradshaws
Line th S° 50^ E' 137 po to Capt" Rutherfords beg
Corner of his p' L" a white Oak th with his Lines S°
22 W' 255 po to a red Oak and white Oak thence
S° 68° E' 94 poles to a Dead red Oak 2 small hick^'

1 20 Journal.
Ba a Locust Rutherfords C also C'' to Walter Sherley
th : with Sherley's Line S° 13° E' 310 po to a Scubby
red Oak Sherley's Sz: Nath' Thomas's Corner th. with
Thomas's Lines West One hund" Ba twenty poles to
a red Oak and white Oak th S° 240 poles to 2 red
Oaks & an hic. Tho'C in Keys's Line th with Keys's
Line N° 72 W' Two hund" & fifty Six poles to a
white Oak on Worths River near the Mill thence N°
2. 30 E' no poles to y® beg.
William Crawford ) ^ x-
Thomas Carny  j
August 26"' 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for Maj' Lawrence
Washington y® Vacancy between Worthingtons Lines
beginning at y" upper C of y* Surplus L" 2 white
Oaks on y^ Edge of the Barons near Smiths — Glade
Ba run thence with W Lines S° 72 E' 410 poles to to
a black Oak 8c hic: th N° 9° E' 150 poles to a hick"
th N° 68 W' Sixty poles to a white Oak N° 1° E' 154
po to a red Oak th West no po to a white Oak th :
S" 35 W' 44 po to a white Oak th- N° 70 W' 102
poles to a red Oak th S° 89° W' 89 poles to a white
Oak th S" 13! 15' W' 206 poles to y' Beg Cons 570
Acres Hugh Rankon \
Timothy M'rCarty j
Rob''' Worthington Marker
August 28"" 1 750 plat drawn
Surveyd for Capf George Johnston

Journal. 121
a certain Tract of waste Sz: ungranted Land Situate
in Frederick County Sz: on y* S° Side Bullskin y* S°
Fork thereof Sz: bounded as followeth Beginning at a
Sycamore standing on the S° side Bullskin C to y*
Haynes's and Patrick Matthews and run thence with
y* Haynes's Line N° 88° W' Three hund" Poles to a
Large hickory another of the Haynes's Corner's
thence N° 82° W' Two hund" Ba Sixty poles to a white
Oak in y* Line of I> M^Cormick's Patent L" then with
his Patent Line S" 27° W' One hund" 8c Sixty Six
poles to an old black stump in y" Barrens s" to be
M<=Cormicks Corner th N'' 68° W' Ten & \ poles to
a small Locust th N° 55- 30 W' Twenty four poles to
a stake near y® Middle of y" Water Course thence up
y" Water N° 85^ W' Twelve poles to a Stake near y«
Center of y'' Spring thence S°  Fifty poles near to
a small red Oak 8c hickory in y* Barrens then East Six
hund" Sz: thirty poles to 3 white Oaks in Grubbs Line
thence N° \o\ W' Sixty Six poles thence N'' 40° E' —
Twenty six poles between two Walnut Trees th N"
36 E' Fifty poles to y* beg: Cons 552 Acres
John Johnson \ ^ ^
Thomas Jones J
Joshua Haynes M''

Oct' 1 7"' Then Surveyd for M' Tho' Loftan a certain
Tract of waste Sz: un" Land in F. Beg at a white Oak
on y" N E' Side a Meadow CoP George Fairfax
Corn' Sz: run thence N° 7 E' 34 po to 2 small white
Oaks by a the Road that Leads to Pennington John-
16

122 Journal.
ston's 8c& then S° 83 E' 128 po to 3 small Locusts in
y* Barrons on a knowl the. S° 7 W' 132 po to 3 small
Locust by a path Side in a Valley near John Cozines
House thence N° 83 (W 128 po to 2 red Oaks in
Col° G. Fairfax's Line thence with his Line N° 7 E'
298 po to y® Beg Confs 265J Acres plat drawn
John Cozine \ ^^
Geo. Smith j N. B. this plat beg at 2 red
Oaks Sz: -white Oak CoP G.
Tho' Loftan M^ Fx. c'
Oct. i8"'i750 Then Surveyd for G. Smith a certain
Tract of waste L" Situate in Frederick County Sz: on
Long Marsh beg at 3 small Locust on y* N° Side Ls
M Tho' Loftans Corner Ba run thence S° E' 220 po to
3 white Oak Sap' thence S° 7 W' 200 po to Long
Marsh 312 po to 3 white Oaks th: N W' 220 po to a
a white Oak in Thom' Loftan's Line Sz: 38 po from
his C' from thence with his Line to the beg. Cons
335 Acres plat drawn
John Cozine [ ^ ^
Thom' Loftan ) '
Owen Tho' M"-
Oct' 18"' Then Survey'd for John Cuszine a Tract of
L" Situate & joining CoP G. Fairf* Beg at a hick^ 8c
red Oak Fx C'& run with his Line S° 30 W' 220 po
to 2 red Oaks in his Line th leaving his Line S° 60 E'
182 poles to a hickory on a Level thence N° 30 E' 310

Journal. 123
po to G. Smiths Line about 8 po from his C within
his Line thence with his Line N' 45° W' 210 poles to
a white Oak in Tho' Loftans Line thence with his
Line S° 7 W' 20 poles to 3 small Locust by a path
his C thence with an' of his Lines N" 83 W' 128
poles to 2 red Oaks his C in CoP G. Fairfaxs line
thence with his Lines S° 7 W'90 poles to a large white
Oak Fx th S° 60 E' 90 poles to y^ beg Cons 455
Acres plat drawn
Tho' Loftan Jun"* \ ^^
G. Smith j
John Cozine
Oct' 19"' Then Survey'd for Isabella Jump a certain
Tract of waste Sz: ungranted L" joining her Patent
L" beg at a white Oak near a path Sz; run thence N°
96 po thence S° 60 W' 88 po to a hick'' on y* rising
of a knowl thence N° 73° W' 26 po ab' a rod further
than a Large red Oak & hick" th: N 4 E' 84 po to
a red Oak in Tho' Colston L" thence with his Line S°
W' 125 po to a hick'' near a path about 40 y"' from
Fairfax C Road th S° 76 E' 194 po to y= Beg Cons
65 Acres plat drawn
George Hampton ) /- ^
Stephen Sebastian j
Joseph Hampton
Oct' 19"' Then Surveyd for John Vance a certain
Tract of waste L" joining & beg at a hick'' Tho' Cols
ton's Corn' & run thence with his Line N° W' 1 20 po

1 24 Journal.
to a small locust Ba red Oak in rich Barons thence
S° W' 200 po near a small white Oak Ba burn't topt
D° in a hollow Glade thence S° E' 260 po. near 2 red
Oaks on a knowl in y* Barons thence N° E' 200 po to
a hick'' on a knowl thence N° 26 J E' 70 po to a red
Oak in Widow Jumps Line th with her Line N° 76
W' 134 poles to ye Beg Cons 353 Acres
William Crawford ¦) ,, „ , ,
ry. - TT > C L plat drawn
Tho' Hampton j ^
Alex" Vance
Oct' 1 9"* then Survey'd for John Anderson Beg. at 2
red Oaks John Vances C Sz: run thence S° 82 po to a
hick'' Sz; red Oak on a knowl thence S° 54 W' 114 to
2 white Oaks in Carter's Line thence with his Line
N° 58i W' 140 po th N° 30 E' 8 po to two hick^ in
Carters Line y* Course to be Drawn straight which is
N° 56 W' 140 thence N° 30 E' 198 po to a Large red
Oak Sz: hick'' on a level in John Vances Line thence
with his th S" E' 150 po to y" Beg Cons 192 Acres
Plat drawn
Isaac Foster | ^ ^
Ralph CrCft j
John Miller M''
260 150
Oct' 22" 1750 Then Surveyd for Isaac Foster a cert"
Tract of L" beg : at 2 white Oak in Carters Line &
run thence N° 50 E' 23 po to a red Oak ab' 4 pole

Journal. 125
from Fosters house th N° 31^ E' 204 p" to a hic'' Sz;
small white Oak th S° 66 E' 45 po to a small white
Oak Ba burnt topt D° John Vances C thence with
Vances Line S° E' no poles to a large red Oak Sz:
hic''^ John Andersons C' in Vances Line th with An
dersons Line S° 30 W — ly 8 poles to 2 hick'" in
Mess" Carters Line finally along Vances Line N° 56
W' 167 poles to y* beg Cons 203 Acres
plat drawn
John Anderson | ^
Ralph Croft j
John Miller M"-
Oct' 22" Then Surveyd for Sam' Isaac Beg at 2 white
Oaks in C Line Sz: Isaac Foster's C' Sz: run thence
with his Lines N° 50° E' 23 po to a red Oak th N°
31^ E' 206 po to a hic'' th N° 57 W' 320 po to 2
small Locust Sz; one hick"^ in a clear spot then S° 31^
W' 206 po to 5 red Oak Saplins in Carters Line
thence with his Line S° 56 E' 308 poles to y" beg
Cons 415 Acres plat drawn
Ralph Croft
John Anderson
John Miller M"

\c C

Oct' 23" Then Surveyd for Capt" Isaac Penington a
certain Tract of waste L" joining his own Patent L"
beg. at a white Oak a Corn' of his Patent L" Sz: run
th S"' 45 W' 30 po to Morris's Patent C 260 po to 4

126 Journal.
small black Oaks in Sam' Isaac's C thence with his
Line S° 57 E' 298 to a hick'' his C likewise Corner to
Isaac foster thence with his Line S° 66 E' 45 po to a
small white Oak Sz: burnt topt D° his C also C to
John Vance thence with Vance's Line N E' 200 po
to a small Locust 8c red Oak in Rich Barons in Isaac
Peningtons Line thence with his Line N° W' 335 to
y* Beg Cons 445 Plat drawn
Henry Hendricks
John Urton
Isaac Penington M"

\c C

Oct' 23" Then Surveyd for Patrick Rice a tract of
waste L" on y* head of Long Marsh beg at 2 white
Oaks on y* N° Side of Long Marsh & run thence S°
22 W' 154 po to 2 red Oak Saplins Nath' Daughilys
C on a knowl th N° 68 W' 320 po to 3 red Oaks in
Rocky Limestone Ground thence N° 22 E' 200 po to
2 red Oaks Ba one white O. Saplins near a stooping
white Oak in Limestones th S° 68 E' 320 po to 2
hick^' from thence to y* Beg Conts 400 Acres
Plat drawn
Henry Hendricks
John Urton C C N. B. this plat I have made
to begin at y* two red Oaks
Patrick Rice M" on y* S° side Long Marsh
Oct' 24. Survey'd for John Madden a tract at Joes
Hole beg at a white Oak about on y* Fairfax Road&

Journal. 127
Run thence S° E' 200 near 3 Small Locust in y* M""
thence S° W' 320 po ab' i pole from a hic'' on a Lime
stone Ridge thence N° W' 200 po to a Limestone
Rock 4 M near two small mark'd Red Oak Saplins in
Very Rocky Ground th N° E' 320 po to y* Beg Conts
400 Acres Plat drawn
Thomas Hampton ) _ „
\ C C
Jeremiah Wood j
John Lindsey — Mark''
Oct' 24"* Survey'd for Jeremiah Wood a certain Tract
of Waste L" Begin Carters Line Sz: Sam' Isaac's C' 5
red Oaks and Run thence with his Line N° 31^ E'
206 po to 3 Small Locusts another of Isaac's C' thence
N° 60 W' 2 1 6 po to a Dead hickory Ba live red Oak
Sz: white Oak Saplins in y® Barains th S" 31^ W' 244
po to a red Oak in Mess" Corners Line thence with
his S° 73i E' 100 th N° 60 E' 12 po to 2 white Oaks
& a hick'' Carters Corner y* Course which is S° 89 E'
no to be drawn straight th to y'= beg. S° 56 E' 112
poles Confs 292 Acres
Sam'- Isaac
Tho' M^Clahan
Jer" Wood
Oct' 27"^ then Surveyd for Rob' Ashby Beg at 2 white
Oak in Carters Line Sz: run thence N° n W' 192 po
to a forked red Oak near a Glade th N° 81 E' ^y'h'h po
to white Oak Saplins Sz: one red Oak 320 po to Fair-

128 Journal.
fax Road th S° n E' 56 po to a red Oak on a Ridge
thence S° 30 W' 76 po to a red Oak white Oak Ba
Locust thence S° n E' 55 po to 3 small hic'' Saplins
in Mess" Carters Line th to y* Beg. S" ^'j W' 283
poles Cons 346 Acres plat drawn
John Urton
Step" Southerd
RoB^ Ashby M" plat drawn
Oct' 29"* Survey'd for Hannah Southerd late Widow
to Peter Camperlin Sz: Jacob Sz: Sam' Camperlin a
cert" Tract of Waste L" Beg. at a fork'd red Oak near
a Glade Ba run thence with his Line N° 81° E' 333 po
xing Fairfax Road to 2 white Oak Saplins Sz; one red
Oak D° thence N" 05 W' 182 po to red Oak in CoP
G Fairfax's Line thence with his Line N° 75 W' 144
po to a red Oak Fx CoP Fx C also C to Johnstons
patent th with his Line South 160 po. to a Locust
Stake in a Corn Field th N° 60 W' 52 po to John
stons C' 2 white Oaks then went to y* white Oak
Rob' Ashbys C and extend" th N° n W- 5 1 poles
to a red O. white O. Ba locust in Vances Line th :
with Vances Line N° E' 3 1 poles N° 26^ E' 70 poles
to W. Jumps Line th : to y* tother C Cons 311 Acres
John Urton
John Sheely this plat is made to beg"
Stephen Southerd in Widow Jumps Line
Vance c' 8c to run first
with Vances Line

Journal. 129
Oct' 29"' Survey'd for Rob' Fox a Tract Beg. at 2
white Oaks Rob' Ashbys C in Carters Line R A
Sz: run thence with Ashbys Line N° 55 W' 192 to Ash
bys C' 243 po to a red Oak a hick'' Sz: Locust in
Vances Line thence with his Line S° W' 168 po to
Vances C 3 red Oaks on a knowl also C' to John
Anderson thence with Andersons Line S° 82 poles to
a a hickory Sz; red Oak anoth' of Andersons C" thence
S° 54 W' 114 po to White Oaks in Carters Line
thence with his Line S° 56 E' 36 po to a a white Oak
Sz; hick'' in y* Turn of Carters Line thence with his
Line N° 79 E' 237 poles to y* Beg Cons 12 16 Acres
Plat drawn
John Urton

C C
John Sheely ^
RoB^ Fox
Oct' 30"' 1 750
Surveyd for Capt" George Neavil a Tract
beg at a Walnut Morris's patent C Sz: run thence N°
W' 200 po to a Spanish Oak on a Ridge of Rocks
thence S° W' 321 po two red Oak Saplins on y* N°
Side Fairfax Road thence S° E' 200 po to 3 red
Oak Saplins th N 50 E' 52 po to a red Oak C to
Morris's Patent thence to y* Beg Containing 400

Acres

plat dr£

Thomas Hampton

Rich" Hampton

52

Francis Carney
92
144
N. B I have made the above L" a
parrallelogram
17
130' Journal.
November 3" 1 750 Plat drawn
Then Surveyd for Capt" Marquis
Calmes Beg on y* S° Side Bullskin Sz: in Capt" G.
Johnstons Line 3 white Oak Ba run th. with his Line
N° 20 po to a stake in y^ Center spring of head of
Bullskin Johnstone C th down y® Water Course S° 5^
E' 12 po Si to a stake in y'= stream another of John
ston's C" thence leaving y® Water Sz: run thence N° 5
E' 148 po to a red Oak th N° 48 E' 19 pole to a red
Oak in D' M^Cormick's Line th with his Line N° 24
po to a hick^ Sz: red Oak M'^Cormicks C' the true C
is N° 35 E'- 126 to a double red Oak y" pat' mentions
a hic" at 256 po: N° 258 Pole to a red Oak Wal
nut Sz: Locust in a rich spot of Ground th S° 80 W'
192 po to 3 White Oaks on a Stoney Ridge th N° 60
W' 148 po. to 3 red Oaks on a Stony Ridge th S°
30 W' 380 po to 2 small hickorys near two white Oaks
thence S° 52 E' 428 poles to a white Oak Sz: two red
Oaks thence N'' 85 E' 40 po to y" Beg Conts 1170
Acres RoERT Worthington

, C C
James M'^Cormick
Capt" Marquis Calmes Marker

Beg at a red Oak and hick^ Davis's Sz: Stephen-
sons C Sz: run thence S° 42 — 15 W' 220 po to y*
Marsh 240 po to a small white Oak in Stephensons
Line 294 po to a stake near a markt white Oak
thence S° 30 E' 20 poles to a white Oak CoP G Fx's

Journal. 131
Corner thence to y"" beg y* above was an addition
made to M' Fairfaxs Tract'"
^° The survey of November 3*, 1750 for Captain Marquis
Calmes has several pencil lines drawn across it, with the mem
orandum also in pencil and in Washington's handwriting : —
" Get yf last Surveys returnd to y* Office  ".

INDEX.

Academy attended, 11.
Academy in Westmoreland, 11.
Agent of Lord Fairfax, 68.
Ague and fever, 66.
Alexandria, charter for, 53.
Alexandria, course of river
front, 56.
Alleghany mountains, 12, 25,
29, 32.
Ambler. Edward, 18, 60.
Anderson. Bartholamore, 73.
Anderson. John, 124, 125, 129.
Antietara creek, 31.
Appalachian range, 21'.
Arlington. Lord, 77.
Arnold. Jonathan, 107, 108.
Arnold. Josiah, 102.
Arnold. Eichard, Sr., 71, 98,
99, 100.
Arnold. Eichard, Jr., 98, 99,
113.
Ash tree, 44, 48, 88.
Ashby. Capt., 21.
Ashby. Henry, 28, 39, 55.
Ashby. Eobert, 28, 55, 128, 129.
Ashby. Genl. T. W., 22.
Ashby's Bent, 52.
Ashby's Ferry, 47.
Ashby's Gap, 19.
Assembly of Va., 26, 68.
Augusta Co., Va., 20, 25, 40,
80, 81, 82, 83, 104, 105, 106.

Augusta Co., Va., boundary,
55.
Augusta Co., Va., formed, 79.
Baggage came, 28.
Baker. Samuel, 86, 87.
Baker. Wilham, 86.
Baltimore. Lord, 32.
Barbadoes, island of, 30, 54.
Barnes, Eichard, Gent., 76, 77,
78, 80.
Baronies or manors, 39.
Barony of Cameron, 24.
Barwick. Thomas, 29.
Bath, England, 19.
Bath Warm Springs, Va., 29,
30.
Battle between Delawares and
Catawbas, 37.
Beards, full, not in fashion, 69.
Beaumont and Fletcher, 36.
Beautifully kept copy book, 10.
Bed-rooras rarely heated, 70.
Beds, poor, 26.
Belvoir, books at, 67, 68.
Belvoir estate described, 17.
Belvoir in view from Mt. Ver
non, 15.
Belvoir mansion burnt, 18, 19.
Belvoir, the home of the Fair
faxes, 15.
"Bent," a largeriver bottom, 52.

134

Index.

Berkeley Co., Va., 18, 50.
Berkeley. Governor, 77.
Beverley manor, 40.
Beverley Mill8,now Stanton,79.
Big Kettle, 32.
Big Shawnee Spring, 25.
Big Spoon, 32.
Black oak, 81.
Black smith, 48.
Black walnut, 28, 47, 48.
Blackburn. CoL, 28.
Bladen. Col. Martin, 68.
Bladen. Gov. Thomas, 31.
Blair. John, 68.
"Blaze," a surveyor's term, 47.
"Blazed" trees, 47.
Blue ridge, 12, 20, 21, 51.
Born a leader, 9.
Braddoclj. General, 20, 31.
Bradshaw. Henry, 119.
Brentville, 21.
Brother Austin, 67.
Brother Lawrence, 52, ^?>, 67.
Brown. Samuel, 95.
Buffalo paths and Indian trails,
52.
Bull Eun, 21.
Bullskin creek, 115, 121.
Burch trees, 85, 86, 87.
Burroughs. Ann, 20.
Burwell's Island, 21.
Butler. Jane, first wife of A.
W., 52.
Cacapehon raountain, 40.
Cacapehon river, 73, 79, 80,
81, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93,
96, 96, 101, 102, 103, 105,
106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112.
Calmes. Captain Marquis, 130.
Camp at Mr. Stumps, 41, 42.

Campbell. Maj., 29.
Camperhn. Jacob, 128. "
Camperlin. Peter, 128.
Caraperlin. Samuel, 128.
Canoe, crossed Potomac to Md.,
30.
Canoe, recrossed to Virginia,
34.
Carlyle. John, 53, 68.
Carney. Francis, 129.
Carney. Thomas, 120.
Carter's line, 124, 125, 127, 129,
Carthegenia expedition, 53.
Cary. Anna, 60.
Cary. Elizabeth, 60.
Cary. Mary, 18, 59, 60.
Cary. Sarah, 18, 60.
Cary. Wilson, 18, 59.
Cary. Wilson Miles, 60.
Cassey. Peter, 49, 50.
Catawba Indians, 36.
Gates' marsh, 25, 26, 27, 56.
Caudy. James, 99.
Gaudy's Castle, 99.
Cellars. Elias, 42.
Chainmen on surveys, 28, 39,
55, 78, 79, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,
93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 101, 109,
117, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126,
127.
Charies II, 77.
Charlottsburg, now Cumber
land, 65.
Chartier's creek. Pa., 20.
Chartier's creek, town projected
at, 65.
Chestnut trees, 75, 81.
Chestnut oak, 42, 44, 48, 87.
Chinese table furniture, 36.
Chips for plates, 51.
Clay Lick Eun, 39, 40.

Index.

135

Clark. Deborah, 68.
Clean shaved faces, 69.
Clearfield Co., Pa., 50.
Coady's on ' Great Cacapehon,
5L
Coburns early settlers in valley,
38.
Cohongornton or Potomac, 29.
Colchester, Fairfax Co. char
ter, 53.
Colins. John, 51.
Collector of customs, 68.
Collins. Luke, 85, 103.
Colston, Ealeigh, Esq., 24.
Colston. Thomas, 123.
Columbia, Pa., 30.
Commission of plantations, 77.
Constant. John, 108, 109.
Continental Army, 46.
Contraction of first names, 67.
Cooked their own meats, 51.
Corder. Edward, 78, 79, 95.
Corner trees blaze, 47.
Coryat. Thomas, 35.
Council with Indians, 64.
Course of river at Alexandria,
56.
Court, November, in Frederick
Co., 70.
Cox. Friend, 111.
Cozine. John, 27.
Cozine's. John, house, 122,
123.
Craig. Major Isaac, 21.
Crawford. William, 116, 117,
118, 120, 124.
Cresap. Col. Thomas, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 64.
Cresap. Daniel, 32.
Cresap. Michael, 32.
Cresap's map, 32.

Croft. Ealph, 124, 125.
Culpeper. Catherine, 23, 77.
Culpeper, Lord Gov. of Va.,
77.
Culpeper, Lord Thomas, 23,
77.
Culpeper, widow of lord, 77.
Culpeper Co., History of, 76,
77.
Culpeper Co. " Minute Men,"
77.
Culpeper Co., surveyor of, 79.
Culpeper Court-House, 78.
Cumberland, Md., 32, 34.
Daughely. Nathaniel, 126.
"Daughter of the Stars," 22.
Davids Eun, Frederick Co.,
89.
Davis. WiUiam, 115, 117.
Davis. Worthington, 116.
Dawson. Isaac, 109, 110.
"Dear Friend John," 57.
Deer, wild, in Fairfax Co., 39.
Delaware Indians, 36, 37.
Denny, Lord Fairfax, 24.
Denton. Eobert, 71, 80, 104,
105.
Dilouza. James, 96, 97, 106.
Dinner with wine, etc., 28.
Dinwiddie. Gov., 64.
Discrete in use of liquors, 29.
Dishes, had none, 51.
Dividing line, 32.
Dogwood trees, 81.
Double dating, 15.
Doubloon a day, 63.
Draft of letter to Lord Fairfax,
73.
Draft of letter to sister-in-law,
66.

136

Index.

Dulany, Mr., of Maryland, 31.
Dumfries, 2L
Dunbar. Ann, 71, 82, 83, 104.
Dunbar. John, 82, 104.
Duncan. William, 39.
Dunmore's Indian War, 20.
Dutch, speaking no English, 45.
Early maps of Va., 52.
Edwards. David, 87, 88, 89,
90, 91, 96, 97.
Edwards. Joseph, 88, 98, 99.
Edwards. Thomas, 88, 98.
Elm trees, 87.
Elizabeth City, Co., Va., 59.
Ellswick. John, 83.
Ellswick. John, Sr., 72.
Employment, first, 9.
England and the calendar, 15.
Enoch. Henry, 108, 112.
Episcopal Church, 26.
Everett, 60.
Expert in surveying, 11.
Fairfax. Anne, 53, 68.
Fairfax. Eev. Bryan, 19, 24,
60, 68.
Fairfax. Catherine, 77.
Fairfax. Ferdinand, 19.
Fairfax. George William, 11,
12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 27, 45,
49, 51, 52, 54, 59, 60, 68,
72, 73, 115, 121, 122, 123.
Fairfax. Hannah, 69.
Fairfax. Henry, 23, 67.
Fairfax. Eobert, 24.
Fairfax. Sarah, 68.
Fairfax. Capt. Thomas, 68.
Fairfax. Lord Thomas, 11, 12,
15, 20, 22,^6, 37, 53,68.
Fairfax. Hon. William, 11, 15,
18, 23, 67, 69.

Fairfax, Hon. Wm., Trustee,
53.
Fairfax. Wm. Henry, 69.
Fairfax Co., its formation, 52,
117.
Fairfax land office, 13.
Fairfax manor, 40.
Fauntleroy. Betty, 61 .
Feather bed, 29.
Federal Constitution, 37.
Field book of surveys, 75, 76.
Field notes of surveys, 12, 13,
74.
Fifteen Mile creek, 63.
Filial reverence, 10.
First road over the Alleghanies,
31.
Flag of " Culpeper Minute
Men," 77.
Fleas and other vermin, 26.
Flesh fork, 35.
Fork of S. Branch, 38, 40.
Forked sticks for spits, 51.
Fort Ashby, 22, 34.
Fort Loudoun, 26.
Fort Wolf, 47.
Forts in Frederick Co., 26.
Forts, to build, on Ohio, 65.
Forts, to garrison, against In
dians, 64.
Foster. Isaac, 124, 126.
Fox. Eobert, 129.
Foxes, wild, near Washington,
39.
Frankfort on Patterson creek,
22.
Franklin. Ben., 65.
Frederick county, 20, 24, 25,
26, 34, 45, 50, 54, 55, 85, 87,
88, 89,91,95,100, 101,102,
106, 107, 108, 114, 121, 122.

Index.

m

Fredericksburg, Va., 19, 61.
French and English on Ohio,
31.
French, early adopt knife and
fork, 35.
Friend. John, 111.
Friend. Nicholas, 111.
Frontier cabins, 27.
Fry and Jefferson's raap, 20.
" Game," a fictitious term, 28.
Genn. James, 21, 51, 55, 56.
German emigrants, 45.
German Protestants, 45.
German regiments, 46.
Germans in Shenandoah Val
ley, 45,47.
Gist. Christopher, 64.
Glade. " Smith's," 120.
Gooch, Governor, of Va., 25,
37.
Good humor, 28.
Goony Eun manor, 39.
Great bend in Shenandoah, 52.
Great Cacapehon, 63.
Great Valley of Virginia, 13.
Greathouse, 32.
Greeks did not have table forks,
35.
Greenway Court, 18, 22.
Greenway Court, library at, 67.
Greenway Court manor, 39.
Gregorian chronology, 15.
Grubb's line, 121.
Gryraes. Miss Lucy, 60.
Gum trees, 90, 93.
Half brother — Lawrence, 10,
12, %<^.
Hamilton. James, 80.
• 18

Hamilton, James, Jr., 72.
Hampshire Co., Va., 34, 39.
Hampton. George, 123.
Hampton. Joseph, 123.
Harapton. Eichard, 129.
Harapton. Thomas, 124, 127,
129.
Hanbury. John, 64.
Hancock, Maryland, 63.
Hardy Co., Va., 20, 22, 37, 39,
40, 73.
Harris. Henry, 47.
Harrison. Ann, 23.
Havre-de-Grace, Md., 30.
Hay, stack of, 50.
Haynes. Joshua, 121.
Hedges. Solomon, 34.
Hedgman's creek, 80.
Hemp and tobacco, 24.
Hendricks. Henry, 126.
Henrv. Patrick, 70.
Hogan. Edward, 78, 79, 80, 81,
105.
Hickory trees, 28, 41, 46, 48,
55.
Historical year, 15.
Hite. Capt. Joist, 24, 25, 61.
Horner. George, 72.
Horse jockey, 37.
House of Burgesses, 53.
How. Josh., 83, 84.
Ploward's early settlers, 38.
Howt. Jno., from N. E., 72.
Hughes. Elias, 93.
Hughes. Hugh, 92, 93.
Hughes. Thomas, 91, 92.
Hughes. WiUiam, Jr., 92, 93,
94.
Hughes. William, Sr., 92, 93.
Humphras. Mrs., 70.
Hunting creek plantation, 53.

138

Index.

Hunting lodge, 22.
Hyatt. George, 89.
Illinois formed frora Va., 56 .
Indian dance, 33.
Indian scalp, 33.
Indian trails lead through the
raountain passes, 52.
Indiana formed frora Va., 56.
Indians returning from war,
33.
Indians, trading with, 31.
Introduction, 9.
Introduction of table forks, 35.
Inventory of articles bought at
Fairfax sale, 16, 17.
Irving, 60.
Isaacs. Samuel, 126, 126, 127.
Italy, use of knife and fork, 35.
Jamestown, Va., 60.
Jefferson Co., Va., 50.
Jefferson. Thomas, 32.
" Jesuit Bird," 38.
Jet. Francis, 75, 76.
"Joe's Hole," 126.
Johnston, 122, 128.
Johnston. Abram, 34.
Johnston. Capt. George, 120,
130.
Johnston. John, 121.
Johnston. Thomas, 54, 55.
Johnston. Miss, marries T. Cre
sap, 30.
Johnstones. William, 28.
Jones. Thomas, 121.
Journal, a literal transcript of,
13.
Journal, a private memoran
dum, 14.
Journal mutilated, 56.

Journal of my journey over
the mountains, 12.
Journal of voyage to Barba
does, 12.
Judas tree, 47.
Jurap. Isabella, 123.
Jump. Widow, 124, 128.
Justice of the peace, 34.
Juvenile letters, 54.
Kanawha river, 64.
Keith. John, 108, 109.
Kentucky formed from Va.,
55.
Kercheval's History of the Val
ley, 22, 25, 36.
Keys. T., 116, 117, 120.
King. George, 65.
King George Co., Va., 21.
King of Hungary, 35.
Kinnison. Edward, Jr., 95.
Kinsman. Sarauel, 72.
Kinson. Jaraes, 71.
Kittatinny mountain, 21.
Knife and fork at table, 34.
Lafayette. General, 21.
Land office, 12.
Land rights, 40.
Land surveying profitable, 11.
Land title, 37.
Land warrants, form of, 72.
Lane. Eichard, 112.
Lee. Arthur, 54.
Lee. George, 54.
Lee. Genl. Henry, 24, 60.
Lee. Eichard Henry, 54, 64.
Lee. Thomas, 64.
Leeds Castle, England, 24, 77.
Letters, a study for, 57, 58, 62.
Letters, drafts of, 57, 58.

Index.

139

Lieutenant of Frederick Co.,
23.
Limestone rocks, 28.
Lindsay. John, 127.
Lindsay. Eobert, 107.
Lindsay. William, 28, 55.
Liquor given Indians, 33.
List of clothes, 69.
Little Cacapehon, 63, 111.
Liveron. Michael Calb, 44.
Lizenby. Daniel, 104, 105.
Locust trees, 49, 55.
Loftan. Thomas, 121, 122, 123.
Loftan. Thomas, Jr., 123.
Logan, friend of the whites, 32.
Logan, Indian chief, 32.
Lonem. John, 78, 79, 88, 89,
90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98,
99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104,
105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110,
111, 112, 113.
Long Marsh, 26, 27, 31, 54, 55,
56, 122, 126.
Lord Baltimore, 32.
Lordship's quarters, 22.
Lost his father, 9.
Lost Eiver, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84,
85, 87, 103, 105.
Lost the road, 52.
" Lots," a surveyor's term, 36,
37.
Loudoun Co., Va., 52.
" Low Land Beauty," 59, 60.
Lowther's College, 68.
Lutheran Church, 46.
Lynch. Barnaby, 100.
Lynn trees, 81, 84, 85, 86, 103.
McBride. Francis, 81, 82, 104.
McBride. William, 82.
McCarty. Timothy, 120.

McOay. James, 113, 114.
McClahan. Thomas, 127.
McCormick. Dr. James, 121,
130.
McHandry. Barnaby, 85.
McKannary. Barnaby, 71.
McKeaver and son, 97.
McKeaver. Darby, Jr., 96, 96,
113.
McKeaver. Darby the elder,
72 96
McKleduff. Daniel, 116, 117.
McKoy. Jaraes, 71.
Madden. John, 126.
Manor lines, 39, 46, 49.
Manor of Leads, 39.
Manorial grants in Va., 39.
Manors in N. Y. or Patroons,
40.
Markers on surveys, 28, 39, 55,
78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87,
90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97,
101, 109, 115, 120, 122, 123,
124, 126, 127.
Mason. George, 31, 64.
Mason, George, trustee, 53.
Mathematics, his aptitude in,
10.
Matthews. Patrick, 121.
Maple trees, 84, 85.
MarshaU. Chief Justice, 24.
Martin, Eev. Denny, name
changed, 24.
Maryland house wife, 66.
Matured early in life, 14.
Mead. Bishop, 60.
Mecklenburg, Va., 46.
Memorandum for a coat, 62.
Memorandura of clothes, 69.
Mercer. George, 65.
Miller. John, 124, 125.

140

Index.

Miller, Wm., horse jockey, 105.
Minute Men's flag, '77.
Monongahela river, 64.
Monroe. John, 74.
Moor. Phihp, 47, 48.
Morefield, Va., 40.
Morgan Co., Va., 30.
Morgan. Gen. Daniel, 21.
Morris's patent, 125, 129.
Morton. Eev. Andrew, 18.
Mother of G. Washington, 9.
Mount Vernon, 10, 18, 52, 53,
68.
Mouth of S. Branch, 45.
Muhlenberg. Eev. Maj. Gen.,
46.
Musgrove. Edward, 114, 115.
Musgrove. John, 15.
Music by Indians, 33.
My journey over the moun
tains, 16.
N. B., 56.
Namacolin, an Indian chief,
31.
Nassau, New Providence, 68.
National road, 31.
Nave. Leonard, 44.
Neck of land, 110.
Neighbors supply provisions,
51.
Nevill. AmeUa, 21.
NeviUe. George, 15, 19, 129.
Neville. Brig. Genl. John, 20.
Neville. Col. Joseph, 20.
Neville. Presley, 21.
Neville's ordinary, 20.
New Providence, 65.
Newton. John, 108.
Nicholas. Eobert Carter, 60.
Nickson. George, 101.

Night caps, 69.
No idle boy hfe, 14.
Norman's ford, 78.
Norman's line, 78.
North American Indians, 52.
North branch, 32.
North mountain, 26, 32.
North river of Cacapehon, 106.
Northern neck of Va., 11, 23,
72, 77.
Note book of memoranda, 54.
Occoquan river, 19, 21.
Old fields, 49, 50.
Old Town, 31, 64.
Oldham. Winifred, 20.
Ohio corapany, 63, 63, 64, 65.
Ohio river, head of, 25, 31.
Ohio, State of, founded, 55.
Opequan river, 25, 45.
Orange Co., Va., 25.
Oratory of Indians, 32.
Osborne. Jeremiah, 48.
Owen. Thomas, 122.
Parke. John, Jr., 89, 90.
Parke. John, Sr., 98, 113.
Parke. Eoger, 113.
Parker. John, 112.
Parker. Thomas, Sr., 100.
Patroons, barons of manor lands
iu N. Y., 40.
Patterson creek manor, 39.
Patterson's creek, 22, 34.
Peach hottora, 30.
Peaks of Otter, 21.
Pendleton Co., W. Va., 32,
37,40.
Pennington. Capt. Isaac, 24,
121, 126, 126.
Pennsylvania, 25.

Index.

141

People follow the surveyors,
45, 48, 49.
Pernicious weeds, 27.
Persimon trees, 75.
Picture of a war dance, 34.
Pilot in surveying, 28, 55.
Pine trees, 42.
Pinson. Aaron, 42.
Plat of early surveys, 11.
Plat of " Hell Hole," 11.
Plat of survey, 79.
Plat of turnip field, 11.
Plats drawn, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86,
88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 98,
100, 101, 102, 103, 104,
105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111,
114, 116, 118, 119, 120,122,
123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128,
129, 130.
Plumb. Samuel, 111.
Prince Wilham Co., 19.
Point Lookout, 29.
Poisoned fields, 27, 28.
Polk, Charies, of Md., 30.
Pope's creek, Westmoreland
Co., 52.
Poplar trees, 81.
Portrait of Major Washington,
54.
Potoraac, head spring of, 80.
Potomac river, 21, 23, 31, 109.
Potomac river, high water, 29.
PoweU. Joseph, 90, 91, 92, 93.
PownaU. S., 66.
Pownall's, Gov. map, 20.
President of Council, 68.
Prince WiUiam Co., 15, 21, 52.
Proprietary rights, 77.
Provisions exhausted, 51.
Pugh. Evan, 90, 91, 92.
Pugh. Evan, Jr., 91, 93, 100.

Pugh. Jacob, 90, 91, 92.
Pugh. Jacob, Jr., 90, 100.
Pulmonary trouble, 54.
Quebec, storming of, 69.
Earasay, William, trustee of
Alexander, 53.
Eandolph. Senator, 77.
Eankon. Hugh, 120.
Eappahannock river, 19, 23.
Eattle snake, 52.
Eaynal. Abbe, 32.
Eazor in toilet outfit, 69.
Eed bud trees, 46.
Eed oak trees, 28, 44.
Eedstone creek storehouse, 65.
Eeed. Peter, 41.
Eegar. Anthony, 42.
Eeward for man scalps, 33, 34.
Eice. Patrick, 126.
Eich barons, 124.
Eich lands, 24.
Eoad made over the Alleghany,
31, 66.
Eoberts. John, 78.
Eobinson. Nicholas, 93, 94, 95.
Eoe. Eichard, 75.
Eogers. Gov. Wood, 68.
Eomans without knives and
forks, 35.
Eoyal charter, 32.
"Eules of civility," 26, 35.
EusseU, J. A., Esq., 72.
Eutherford. Capt. Eeuben,
115, 119.
Eutledge. James, 37, 38, 39.

Sale at Belvoir, 16, 19.
Salem, Massachusetts, 6
Salt Lick, 40.

142

Index.

Scalps of Indians, rewards for,
33, 34.
School-house, 75.
Schools attended, 10.
Scott. James, 83, 84, 103.
Sebastian. Stephen, 123.
Sheely. John, 128, 129.
Sheets, clean, on beds, 29.
Shenandoah Co., Va., 39.
Shenandoah river, 21, 22, 26,
47, 52, 114.
Shenandoah yalley, 20, 25.
Shepherdstown, Va., 37, 46.
Sheplar. Henry, 48.
Sheriff of Frederick Co., 20.
Sheriey. Walter, 120.
Shoker. Harmon, 42.
Silver four-pronged forks, 36.
Simson. James, 46.
Sinclair. John, 16.
Six Nations, 29.
Six pistoles a day, 63.
Skilled director of surveys, 61.
Skipton, England, 30, 31.
Slaughter. Francis, 78.
Sleeping in the open air, 63.
Sleeping on cabin floors, 27.
Smith. George, 122, 123.
Smith. James, 102, 103, 106.
Smith. Silvenus, 71, 88, 98, 99,
112, 113.
Smith's Glade, 120.
South branch manor, 39.
South branch Potomac, 30, 32,
36.
South mountain, 21.
South Potomac, 68.
Southerd. Hannah, 128.
Southerd. Stephen, 128.
Spanish oak, 41, 44, 46, 49.
Spark's Washington, 79.

Spectator, reading, 67.
Spring branch, 46, 48.
Spruce trees, 115.
" Squire " (G. W. Fairfax), 36.
St. John's wort, 27.
Stackhouse. John, 72, 103, 106,
107, 108.
Stafford Co., Va., 21.
Stephenson. Eichard, 115, 116.
Stone house buUt by Cresap, 30.
Stone house built by Hite, 25.
Stone lodge, 23.
Stony creek, 47.
Storehouse at Eed stone, 66.
Storehouse at Will's creek, 64.
Strasburg, Va., 46.
Straw house, 49.
Studied surveying, 11.
Sturap. Andrew, 103.
Stump. Michael, 38, 40, 41, 44.
Sugar trees, 22.
Surveying in Shenandoah yal
ley, 12.
Surveyor's art, 9, 28.
Surveyors set to work, 51.
Swam horses over Potomac,
30, 34.
Sycamore trees, 46, 48, 111.
Table cloth, 34.
Table knife, history of, 34, 35.
Taxred cotton cap, 70.
Taylor. Eichard, 28, 39, 55.
Tent carried off by wind, 45.
Tent pitched, 50.
Thomas. James, 100, 105.
Thomas. Lewis, 116, 117, 118.
Thomas. Nathan, 120.
Thornton's, 69.
Timberless tracts of land, 50.
Titled patron, 12.

Index.

143

Tomahawk blaze, '43.
Tomahawk claims, 43.
" Toner Collection," 77.
Toulston Hall, 24.
Town creek, 63.
Treeless prairies, 50.
Through a narrow pass, 50.
Trout run, 90.
Trustees of Alexandria, 53.
Turkeys become wild, 38.
Undressed for bed, 26.
"Upper Tract," Va., 32.
Urton. John, 126, 128, 129.
"Vacant," a surveyor's term,
43, 46.
Valley of Virginia, 36.
Vance. Alexander, 124, 129.
Vance. John, 123, 124, 125,
126, 128.
Van Meter. Henry, 36, 49, 50.
Van Meter. Isaac, 25, 37.
Van Meter. John, 25, 36, 37.
Van Meter's Marsh, 37.
Van Meters, sketch of, 36.
Vermin in beds, 26.
Vernon. Admiral, 53.
Verses, 54, 70, 71.
Vestall. WUliam, 114.
Vincy. Andrew, 71, 84, 85, 103.
Walker, Major, of Nassau, 68.
Walker. Samuel, 117.
Walker's pioneers in valley, 38.
Walnut bottoms, 31.
Walnut trees, 47.
Walpool grant, 65.
Walpool. Thomas, 65.
Wappotomaka or South branch,
32, 40.

War dance, 34.
Warden. James, 103, 106.
Warden. Wilham, 87, 104.
Warra spring, 29.
Washington and the Ohio Co.,
31.
Washington cottage at Bath,
30.
Washington county, Md., 30.
Washington, his reading, 67,
73.
Washington licensed a sur
veyor, 78.
Washington made Major, 26.
Washington. Anne, 54.
Washington, Augustine, Jr.,
and Ohio Co., 33, 34.
Washington. Augustine, Sr.,
52, 63.
Washington. Mrs. Aug., 66.
Washington. Col., 18.
Washington, George, begins
life, 15.
Washington, George," S C C",
78. _
Washington, George, to leave
school, 10.
Washington. Capt. Henry, 67,
75.
Washington, Col. John, the em
igrant, 52.
Washington. John Augustine,
116.
Washington. Lawrence, 64, 68,
116, 118, 119,121.
Washington. Major Lawrence,
10,12.
Washington, Lawrence, at Bath,
30.
Washington, Lawrence, and
Ohio Co., 31.

144

Index.

Washington, Lawrence, half-
brother to George, 52.
Washington, Lawrence, mar
ried, 53.
Washington, Lawrence, por
trait of, 54.
Washington. Mary, 9.
Washington. Eichard, 67.
Washington. Sarah, 54.
Washington. Warner, 69.
Washington's diaries, 18, 20.
Washington's purchases at sale,
16, 17.
Watts. John, 74.
Wearing apparel, 69.
Wehon. John, 94.
Welton. Henry, 94.
West Indies, 54, 68.
West, William, of Fairfax Co.,
52.
Westmoreland Co., 68.
Wharton. Samuel, 66.
White oak trees, 41, 55.
White pine trees, 80, 84.
White walnut trees, 48, 81, 93,
94.
White wood tree, 45, 46.
Wiggans. Thomas, 72, 109, 111.
Wiggans. WiUiara, 109, 111.
Wigs wom, 70.
Wild cherry trees, 85.
Wild meadows, 60.
Wild turkey eggs taken to
Turkey, 38.

WUd turkey, its name, 38.
Wild turkey killed, 49.
Wild turkey, native of Amer
ica, 38.
Wild turkeys, 41, 45, 49.
William and Mary College,
78.
WiUiaras' Academy, 11, 66.
Williams' gap, 52.
WUliams. Thomas, 110, 111.
Williamsburg, Va., 67.
WUHs, Francis, Jr., 18.
Will's creek, 31, 65.
Wilton. John, 71.
Winchester, Frederick Co., 19,
22, 25, 52, 80, 96.
Wine and rura punch, 28.
Wood. Daniel, 106 .
Wood. David, 106, 107.
Wood. Jaraes, 26, 26.
Wood. Jereraiah, 127.
Woodfin. John, 94, 114.
Woodfin. Sarauel, 94.
Woodsman, 26.
Woodstock, Va., 46, 46, 47.
Worthington. Eobert, 116, 118,
119, 120, 121, 130.
Wolf. Widow; 47, 48.
Wolf's fort, 47.
Wolf's marsh, 47.
Wright's ferry, 30.
Wirthlington Church, Eng
land, 19.

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