jsarV*«*^i^Ei:*ij

HISTORICAL ADDRESS,

DELIVERED ON

THE FOURTH OF JULY, 1839,

AT THE

CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY,

SETTLEMENT OF WINDHAM;

BY THOMAS LAURENS SMITH.

PORTLAND:
AETHUE SHIRLEY  PEINTEE.
1840,

The undersigned. Committee of Arrangements, tender their thants fe?
Thomas L. Smith, Esq. for the very able, interesting, and appropriate-
Address, delivered before the citizens of Windham, on the fourth day of
July, 1839, and request a copy of the same for the press.
EDWARD ANDERSON,
WILLIAM SILLA,
GEORGE W. CHUTE,
THOMAS HAWKES,
Windham, My 5, 1839. WM. GOOLD.

Windham, July 5, 183^.-
Gentlemen :— It affords n;e great satisfaction to learn that the Address
which I delivered on the Fourth of July, in commemoration of the first
settlement of Windham, was acceptable to my fellow citizens, — A copy
for publication will be cheerfully furnished. In complying with your re
quest, gentlemen, I remark that it has been my intention, by consulting
the best authorities and evidence which I could obtain, to be strictly cor
rect in the relation of every historical transaction, I may, however, have
been misinformed on some points, and therefore some errors may hav&
occurred, I am, Gentlemen, Yours Respectfully,
THOMAS LAURENS SMITH.
To Messrs, Edward Anderson,
William Silla,
Geo, W. Chute,
Thomas IIawkes,
William Goolj>.

ctn

ADDRESS.

Fellow Citizens : —
We have assembled on the present occasion for the double pur
pose of celebrating events relating to the first settlement and history of
our town, and also to celebrate the birth day of our National Indepen
dence, We have assembled to celebrate our Centennial Anniversary
in a town, which, one hundred and two years ago, was a dense and
unbroken wilderness, the home of the wild beast of the forest and the
hunting ground of the Indian. In whatever direction we now turn our
¦eyes, we behold pleasant and well cultivated fields and verdant pas
tures, with their " cattle upon a thousand hills," which a century past
were unknown to civilized man. Where nature reigned in all her
original beauty and simplicity, unadorned by the arts of civilization.
In looking back and taking a retrospective view of the prominent
«vents which have transpired in this town during the past century, the
mind cann9t fail of being sensibly impressed with astonishing changes
and revolutions produced by the lapse of a hundred years. During that
period, five generations of men have successively appeared upon the
stage of action. The blood of the first settlers now courses in the veins
¦of the fifth generation of their descendants. The face of nature has
been changed. The barren wilderness turned into the fruitful field.
The solitudes of nature broken up by the hand of civilized man. The
majestic and venerable oak, monarch of the forest, and the lofty pine,
peering to heaven, hare given place to gardens, orchards, and fruitful
fields. While contemplating the present prosperous and happy condition of
this town we cannot avoid asking the question, our fathers who caused
the wilderness to bud and blossom like the rose, where are they .''
Time, that witnessess the final consummation of all things, has swept
them from among the living ; their spirits have gone to that i" bourne
from whence no traveller returns," and their bodies have been com
mingled with the " great congregation of the dead." We who are now
living, stand here as the representatives of the dead. Let us, like our
pious ancestors, prove faithful to the trust reposed in us, and_,while we
admire their example, let us endeavor to do justice to their memories ;
to speak of their virtues, their love of order, their strong and invincible
attachment to civil and religious liberty ; the patience and fortitude
manifested by them in all their sufferings and amid surrounding diffi
culties and dangers ; the spirit that actuated them to resist all encroach
ments upon their rights and liberties ; and above all, their noble reso
lution " to die freemen rather than to live slaves."
Our object, on the present occasion, will be to notice such events
and occurrences as relate to the first settlement and early history of
this town, and to trace briefly (though imperfectly) the progress of
events down to the present time. But when we come down to the
present time, we come to a barrier which we cannot pass, and howev
er strong our desires may be, like the illustrious Franklin, to know the
condition of our town or country one hundred years hence, it can only
he known to us as the lapse of time shall disclose it. We. are not per
mitted to raise the curtain of futurity, to behold what lies in prospect
liefore us. We are not permitted to know what mighty convulsions

4
of nature or revolutions of nations shall take place during a century to
come. Whether this town, which now contains more than two thous
and souls, shall have its population, wealth, the comforts of life, and
attainments in literary and moral refinement, vastly augmented, or be
come a mere blank in creation. — Whether America is to witness revo
lutions greater than any that have preceded, which shall produce
another Washington, who shall, like the past, stand forth the wonder
and- admiration of the world, the man eminently great in the field
and in the cabinet, and whose name shall go down to posterity untar
nished. — Whether Europe is again to experience greater revolutions
and more sanguinary wars than any that have transpired. — Whether
the nations of the earth and the civil foundations of society are to be
again swallowed up in the vortex of revolutions ; revolutions which
shall produce another prodigy of nature, another mighty Napoleon, t&
new cast the art of war, to sport with crowns and kingdoms, and the
splendor of whose military achievements shall as far excel the past
Napoleon as the past Napoleon has excelled all the generals of anti
quity. — Whether another Nelson is to arise to cover the seas with his
great naval armaments, those terrible engines of destruction, and whose
naval victories shall as far excel the past Nelson as the past Nelson
has excelled all the admirals of antiquity. — Whether new lights in the
sciences are to arise, who shall eclipse the names of Newton, Franlt-
lin, and. Fulton. — Or whether these United States, which are now sup-
' posed to contain sixteen millions of inhabitants, and whose immense
territory, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean, may be said
to extend " from the river to the ends of the earth ; " whose military
power is second to no nation on the globe, the second in point of naval
power, and which contains within itself all the elements necessary to
constitute it the greatest, happiest, and most powerful nation that ever
existed, shall, during the century to come, crumble into ruins, have its
national character blotted out from among the nations of the earth, or
escape " the war of elements — the wreck of matter and the crash of
worlds," arid like ancient Eome stand forth the mistress and law-giver
of the world — are events alike unknown to us.
The prodigious vicissitudes through which the inhabitants of this
town have been called to pass during the century past, have ex
hibited them in all the forms of struggle and contest, for existence, for
shelter, for food, and for freedom.
In recurring to the local history of this town, we find that on the
20th of Nov. 1734, Abraham Howard and Joseph Blaney, representa
tives of the town of Marblehead, petitioned'the General Court of Mas
sachusetts, " shewing that the said town is of very small extent, and
the inhabitants more numerous than in most towns in the Province, so
that fhey are much straightened in their accommodations, and therefore
praying for a tract of land for a township for such persons belonging
to the said town of Marblehead as will settle thereon." This petition
was-granted by the H:ouse of Representatives, and consented to by the
Governor and Council in December,' 1734. John '^'i'ainwright, John
I-Iobson, and Daniel Epes, were appointed on the part of the House,
Wra. Dudley and Ebenezer BarriU, on tlie part of tlie Council, a com
mittee fully authorised to admit sixty inhabitants belonging to the town
of Marblehead, who most need a grant, to become grantees, to lay out
the township, and also the first division of home lots. The conditions
ofthe grant were, that the home lots should be sixty three in number,
be laid out in as defensible a manner as conveniently may be, and all
future divisions in equal proportions, three of the lots or rights to be

disposed of, one for the first settled minister, one for the ministry, and
one for the support of schools, the grantees to build a dwelling house
eighteen feet square and seven feet posts, to have seven acres of land
brought to English grass and fitted for mowing, to settle a learned or
thodox minister, to build a convenient meeting house for the||public
worship of God, within five years from their admission, and that each
grantee pay the committee five pounds upon their admission. Agree
ably to the power vested in the committee for the above purposes, they
repaired to Marblehead and admitted the sixty grantees specified in the
grant, January 17, 1735.*
Several of the grantees had a meeting at Marblehead and appointed
Ebenezer Hawkes, Thomas Chute, and Wm. Goodwin, a committee
on the part of the grantees to accompany, assist, and advise the com
mittee appointed by the General Court to locate the township and to
lay out the first division of home lots. The several committees accor
dingly assembled at Marblehead with Rowland Houghton, surveyor,
April 19,, 1735, and immediately came to this town and commenced
its location, and also ran out and established the first division of home
lots, being sixty-three in number, containing ten acres each, and made
a return of their doings with a plan of the same, May 7, 1735,t wh;ch
was accepted by both branches of the General Court, June 7, 1735,
the lands therein described confirmed to the grantees provided they
comply with the conditions of the grant. The town of Windham as
originally laid out, embraces the contents of six miles square, and
twenty five thousand six hundred acres including ponds and rivers.
June 27, 1735, the Committee met at Marblehead, when the sixty three
home lots or first division were drawn and disposed of to the Proprie
tors. These lots were located on the main road from Westbrook, run
ning parallel with, and one half mile distant from Presumscot river to^
Raymond, being the first road located in Windham. They extended
from the road back to the river, and began opposite the dwelling house
where John Webb, Esq. now lives, and terminated a few rods below
the dwelling house where Paul Stone now lives, extending on the road
two miles. These lots were ten rods wide on the road and one half
mile long, and were, in a very peculiar manner, Indian lots, having
great length and little width. The design of laying these lots out in
this singular form should not be forgotten. It was a condition of the
grant to lay out the " home lots in as defensible a manner as conveni
ently may be." The General Court were induced to incorporate this
condition in all the grants made at that time, from their extreme anxi
ety to protect the first settlers from being destroyed by the Indians.
From the first settlements in Maine, in 1680 to 1758, settlers in the
new or frontier towns, could not be considered secure from the attacks
ofthe Indians.
Numerous and bloody wars were waged between the native Indians^
and the first settlers — and on the part of the Indians, wars of extermi
nation, sparing neither age, sex, or condition. The frequent occur
rence and the facility with which scattering settlements had been de
stroyed by the Indians, and the fatal consequences attending them, in
duced the General Court to adopt every measure to prevent their re
currence. And from a belief that compact setdements were more se
cure from their attacks than the sparse settlements ; this condition was
inserted in the grant.
*See Note No, 1, in the Appendix,
fSee Note No. 2, in Appendix.

It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe that the residue of all the
land in the town was owned in common by the owners of these sixty-
three home lots. It is worthy of notice that the town as originally laid
out extended down the Presumscot river to Saccarappa Falls ; and
the boundary line between this town and Falmouth (now Westbrook)
was in dispute from the grant of the township in 1734 until Nov. 27,
1761, a period of twenty seven years, when the line was finally estab
lished by an act of the General Court.* During the great length of
time the line between this town and Falmouth was in dispute, the Pro
prietors were subjected to great embarrassment and not a little expense.
This troublesome and exciting subject of our south eastern boundary
had scarcely been put to rest, when a dispute respecting our north
eastern boundary made its appearance, and the boundary line between
this town and Gray (formerly New Boston) came in for its usual share of
notoriety. For a long time the settlement of this subject appeared to
be as difficult to adjust, as the boundary line between the State of
Maine and her " Majesty's Province of New Brunswick," — and threat
ened to involve the two towns in scenes of " blood and carnage."
But as no troops were marched by either party upon the " disputed
territory," the difficulty was happily got under without any loss of
lives to either party, but not until it had made some very unwelcome
requisitions upon the " Treasury department."
And frequently when this town has had to assist in building a bridge
across the Presumscot, it has been extremely difficult to find the
boundary line between Windham and Gorham. Not that it is so ver}'
difficult to find the " true Presumpscot " mentioned in the grant of
the township, as to find its channel. The difficulties respecting boun
dary lines, are no new thing to the inhabitants of this town, ancient or
modern. They were " in the full tide of successful operation "' here,
nearly half a century before the treaty of 1783. They are co-existent
with the town, resemble the hydra in their nature, are intemiinable,
and like the grave, never satisfied.
July 4, 1735, and precisely one hundred and four years to the pres
ent time, the grantees had a meeting at Marblehead and voted " that
each home lot have ten acres more of land added to it on the other
side of the main road at the front of the said lots," which were subse
quently laid out direcdy opposite the home lots, and exactly corres
ponding with them in quantity and form. From July 4, 1735, to June
9, 1737, the grantees had various meetings and raised and expended
several sums of money for building a bridge across Presumscot river
immediately above Saccarappa Falls, and also bridges over Inkhorn
and Colley Wright's brooks, clearing roads and defraying other inci
dental expenses in preparing the township for settlement.
June 9, 1737, the grantees voted to build a meeting house for pub
lic worship, chose a committee to report at the adjournment, the " di
mensions and form." At the adjournment, June 23, '37, the commit
tee reported " that it was their opinion that a meeting house suitable
for said township at present, be about forty feet long, and thirty feet
wide, and ten feet high," which report was accepted and a vote pass
ed that the " meeting house be built in dimensions according to the
report of the committee." It was also " voted that the meeting house
be built on the westernmost corner of the ten acre lot, to be laid out and
belonging to the ministerial lot, (home lot. No. 33,) and that if 120 be
assessed on the several rights to defray the expense of building the
' See Note No, 3, in Appendix, ^

house," but in consequence of the Indians claiming the land, forbiding
and menacing those employed to build the house, it was not completed
until 1740. This was the first meeting house erected in this town, and
stood a few rods north of the dwelling house where Col. Edward An
derson now lives.
The grantees gave this town the name of New Marblehead, in honor
of Marblehead in Mass. to which the grantees belonged. It retained
this name from the grant of the township in 1734 until its incorporation
in 1762. Such were some of the early preparative steps taken to
wards the first settlement of this town.
Capt. Thomas Chute commenced the first settlement in this town
July 30, 1737. He was born in England in 1690, emigrated to Mar
blehead, Mass. from Marblehead he came to Falmouth, now Portland,
in the Spring of 1737, and on the 30th of July following, came to this
town. He was one of the grantees and drew home lot or right. No.
12, on which he settled, about thirty rods from the bank of the Pre
sumscot river. Here were the first trees felled, — here was the first
habitation, the first rude log tenement erected, — here was the abode
of the first civilized family in the town, and here was the first land
cleared by the hand of civilized man. This settlement was on the
farm now owned and occupied by Stephen Webb, and formerly the
farm of John Chute, the grandson of Thomas Chute.
William Mayberry was the second settler in this town : he was from
Marblehead and also one of the grantees. He settled on home lot 27,
on the farm now owned by Frederic Smith, about thirty rods from the
river. John Farrar was the third settler : he came from Tiverton, Rhode
Island, and settled on home lot No. 31, a few rods from the river, on
the farm now owned by Col. Edward Anderson.
The fourth settler was Stephen Manchester ; he came from Tiverton,
Rhode Island, and settled on home lot No. 32, near the river, on the
farm now owned by Col. E. Anderson. The three last settlers, May-
berry, Farrar, and Manchester, settled within one year from the time
the first settlement was made by Chute.
The fifth settler was Abraham Anderson ; he came from Groton,
Mass., to Marblehead, and from Marblehead to this town ; he settled on
home lot No. 36, on the main road, in the year 1738, on the farm
where his son, Abraham Anderson, now lives. He built the first house
and was the first family settled on the main road in Windham, where
he lived nearly two years before any other families came into town,
after which several other families moved in and settled on the main
road on the home lots, and there was a gradual increase of settlers.
The early settlers of this town were chiefly from Marblehead and
Salem, towns whose inhabitants are distinguished for correct moral
character, for liberality, industry and. enterprise. Many a hard fought
battle by sea and by land during the war of the revolution bears hon
orable testimony to their bravery, to their attachment to their country,
its rights and liberties. Such is the character of the people from whom
our ancestors, the first settlers of this town, originated.
The first settlers as has already been observed, erected their habita
tions near the banks of the Presumscot. Their object in settling
there was to have the benefit of a water conveyance, having no other
means of transportation. Notwithstanding the proprietors had expend
ed considerable money in making roads from Saccarappa to the upper
home lots, it consisted merely in cutting down the trees and " swamp
ing out" the roads. They were in such an impassable condition as to

8
be wholly useless to the first settlers. The first settlers of this town
oommenccd their settlement under the most discouraging circumstances."
They were destitute of roads, carriages, mills, mechanics, physicians,
religious meetings, schools, and comfortable dwellings; but poorly
supplied with comfortable food and clothing, surrounded by difficulties
and dangers, and no succour or supplies could be obtained without trav
elling six or eight miles through the trackless woods. Yet they perse
vered with untiring zeal, displayed a fortitude that does honor'to human
nature, rose superior to every obstacle, subdued the face of nature,
turned the barren wilderness into the fruitful field, and ultimately taught
the savage Indians, by whom they were surrounded, to know by sad
experience, that the first settlers were a class of men who would not
suffer them to take life with impunity.
At a proprietors' meeting, January 19, 1738, a vote was passed
granting to Messrs. Ebenezer Hawkes, William Goodwin, Isaac Turner
and Ebenezer Stacy, all their right to any one of the falls of water on
the Presumscot, with ten acres of land adjoining the same, upon
condition of their erecting and putting in operation a saw-mill, which
was accordingly built on the falls now called Horse-beef, and accepted
by the proprietors Dec. 13, 1740. This was the first mill of any kind
erected within the limits of this town.
The proprietors at their meeting June 5, 1740, voted to lay out sixty
three one hundred acre lots, adjoining and contiguous to the home set
tlements, which were completed Oct. 22, 1740? and accepted Dec. 4,
1740, as the second division of the common lands in the township, and
being the first division of hundred acre lots. And by a subsequent vote,
a third division of the common land consisting of 140 one hundred acre
lots was completed January 26, 1763, commonly called the third divis
ion. And by a vote passed February 24, 1801, a division of the re
mainder of the common land into 63 lots of seventy three acres each
was made Oct. 3, 1801, and accepted anj confirmed February 16,
1804, called the fourth division. In these leveral divisions, each one
of the sixty three original rights has drawn 393 acres of lemd.*
At a meeting of the proprietors March 3, 1742, it was voted to " set
tle an orthodox minister as soon as may be." It was further voted
" that the said settled minister shall have paid to him the sum of forty-
five pounds out of the proprietors' treasury for his settlement." " That
the sum of thirty pounds per annum be allowed and paid out of the
proprietors' treasury for the support of the said minister from the time
of his settlement until the said township be incorporated into a town."
And James Skinner, NE^than Bowen, and Jonathan Proctor were chosen
a committee to contract with Mr. John Wightt according to the fore
going votes. The committee accordingly addressed Mr. Wight upon
the subject, March 25, 1743, received his answer consenting to the
request of the committee, and on the following day a conU-act was
completed between the parties. At a subsequent meeting, Sept. 1,
1743, seven pounds ten shillings were voted to be expended" in the or
dination of Mr. Wight ; he came immediately to this town and entered
upon his clerical duties.
From the first settiement in this town in 1737 to 1743, the settlers
had been exempted from any serious difficulties with the Indians. But

* See Note No. 4, in Appendix.
t Mr. Wight anterior to this had preached in this town 29 weeks; he
boarded with the first settler, Thos. Chute. Mr. Chute was afterwards the
first deacon ofthe church in this town.

9
these amicable relations between the native Indians and the first settleriS,
so essential and important to the latter, and up'on which their comfort
and the prosperity of their infant settlement mainly depended, were
soon to be interrupted. Scarcely had the hardy settlers made a begin
ning and gained a lodgement in this world of woods, ere fhe tocsin of
war was rung in their ears. A war between Great Britain and France
v/as now anticipated, which would inevitably bring the English settle
ments in contact with the Indians, and draw down die vengeance of the
savages upon the new settied towns. Fully satisfied that a rupture was
about to take place, Massachusetts resolved " to put her whole inland
frontier, extensive as it was, into a good posture of defence. As the
eastern Provinces, Maine and Sagadahock, were most exposed to incur
sions from the savages, in case of a rupture, the Legislature made
an appropriation of about ,£1280 to be disbursed from the public treas
ury, and expended among the eastern settlements, for their defence."
One hundred pounds of this appropriation was assigned to New Mar
blehead, and expended in building a fort. This fort was built on home
lot No. 33, in the centre of the " Ancient Dominion," or home lots, on
the most elevated and beautiful site in the " two mile territory," a few
rods south of the dwelling house where Col. Edward Anderson now
lives, and formerly the residence of the late Peter Thatcher Smith. —
It stood partly on the road and partly on land now occupied by Col.
Anderson for a garden. The fort was fifty feet square, two stories
high, with walls one foot thick of hewn hemlock timber, the upper story
jutting one foot over the lower with a tier of port holes. Tiiere were
two watch boxes placed at diagonal corrers, two stories high, twelve'
feet square, with walls one foot thick, each watch box having a swivel
gun, furnished by the proprietors, and so placed as to defend two sides
of the fort. The fort was surrounded with a stockade about 25 or 30
feet from it, made by setting posts ten or twelve inches in diameter, 12
feet long, perpendicularly in the ground, and so near together that " the
Indians" could npt'^ss between them. The fort was provided with an
iron "nine poyifderfgun" by the State, which was placed before the
fort for the pdrpose of firing alarms and giving the neighboring settle
ments notice of the approach of Indians. The fort was built during the
spring of 1744, and the only one that was ever erected in this town.
At a proprietoisf meeting at Marblehead, July 30, 1744, seven years
from the first settiement of the town, it was " voted that the half barrel
(or 50 lbs.) of powder purchased by William Mayberry be paid for by
the proprietors, being ^20 9s. old tenor, and the said powder to be for
the use of the inhabitants of said township, on any extraordinary occa
sion^ according to .further direction." "Voted that the said powder be
put into the hands of Mr. William Mayberry, he supplying the inhabi
tants (who want it) to the value of half a pound each man, and the re
mainder of said powder to be kept in the block house (fort) for the use
thereof, in time of action, in case the same He attacked by the Indians
or any other enemies, and no otherwise whatsoever."
" Voted that the present committee be, and hereby are directed, at
the public charge of the proprietors, to purchase two swivel guns and
send them to said township for the use of the proprietors, to be placed
in the block house for the defence thereof."
The inhabitants of this town encouraged by the assistance thus given
by the State and proprietors, though manifestiy inadequate to such a
work, bestowed upon their fort a great amount of labor and made it a
place of considerable security.

10
The war that had been anticipated between England and France in
1743, was declared in March, 1744, and formally communicated to the
Governor of Mass., the second day of June following. Thus were the
early settiers of this town met at the commencement of their settiement,
with all the privations, hardships, and dangers of an Indian war, their
settiement retarded, their comfort, happiness, and prcsperity blasted!
The first attacks of the Indians upon the English settlements in
Maine, in this war, were made July 19, 1745, at St. Georges and Dam-
ariscotta (Newcastie.) From this first attack of the Indians until 1751,
the inhabitants were shut up in the fort, a period of six years, — this
was a time of danger and suffering. It cannot be expected that on an
occasion like the present, I should minutely describe every individual
case of suffering and danger. At this late period, when all who par
ticipated in those scenes have passed from the stage of action and gone
down to the grave, a full and perfect account of their hardships and
sufferings, their perils by day, and their perils by night, cannot now
be obtained. They were mot only surrounded by a subtle and savage
enemy lurking in ambush to waylay and cut them off whenever they
ventured from their dwellings, but they even suffered for comfortable
and necessary food. We may form some idea of their sufferings from
the fact, that one of the families of the early settlers lived (or rather
staid here) three months without bread or meat of any kind.
" A narrative of savage warfare on our frontier must be principally
a recital of the sufferings, exploits, escapes, and deliverances, of par
ties, families, or individuals ; a narrative the historian would cheerfully
save himself the labor and pains of giving, did not fidelity and duty
forbid. But the reiterated distresses of the eastern inhabitants in con
nexion with their fortitude and other virtues, ought not to be overiooked.
In an Indian war they were necessarily watchful, or on their guard, day
and night, and when at labor within the field, they were often obliged
on a sudden emergency, either to repel an attack, or make a hazardous
retreat. Their crops were not unfrequentiy injured or destroyed, either
by their own cattle getting into their enclosures where the Indians had
broken the fences; or because the husbandman durst not venture out
to collect and secure the harvest. By reason of the danger to which
they were constantiy exposed, they were unable to cultivate their lands
to any advantage ; though when they went to public worship, or abroad,
they were always armed ; and usually when at work, they posted a
sentry in some consp.cuous place to keep watch. In short the distressed
people were afraid e'^en to milk their cows, though they were kept in
pastures near as possible to the fortifications ; and whole families were
not unfrequentiy, in these Indian wars, shut up for months together in
a state of wretched anxiety."
This painful state of things continued until the close of the war in
1751 , usually called the fifth Indian war.
The first outrage committed by tiie Indians on the inhabitants of this
town, was April 14, 1747, when they took and made prisoners of Will-
iam and Joseph Knights, two sons of William Knights, who came from
Manchester, Mass. to this town. They were unarmed and taken by
surprise at Saccarappa, in Westbrook, were carried to the Indian settie-
ments,_were well treated by the Indians and soon after returned home.
Their next attack was made the same year, August 27, when a body,
supposed to be between 20 and 30, entered the town, probably, with
the intention to take captive every one of the inhabitants, and to furnish
themselves with plunder, while devising the ruin of some other place.
They made an attempt to take William, son of Thomas Bolton, and

II
William Maxfield, a young man living with William Mayberry, prison
ers. Bolton and Maxfield were both well .armed with muskets. They
made a brave resistance. Bolton discharged his musket at his assail
ants, but before he could have time to reload, the Indians rushed upon,
overpowered, and made him prisoner.* Maxfield retreated, walking
backward in the direction of the fort, and keeping the Indians at a re
spectful distance, by occasionally presenting his musket whenever they
approached too near. In this manner he made good his retreat, till a
body of armed men, who, hearing the firing of the guns, came from the
fort to his relief. In his retreat the Indians discharged several shots at
him, one of which inflicted a painful though not dangerous wound, of
which he soon after recovered. This attack was made in the road near
where Z. Hunnewell now lives, about 20 rods north of his house and
not more than one fourth of a mile from the fort. Bolton was carried
captive by the Indians to Canada, was purchased by a French naval
officer, carried on board a French frigate in the capacity of a servant ;
shortly after the frigate put to sea she was captured by an English
frigate and carried into Boston, when Bolton again changed masters
and became the servant of Lieut, Wallace, 2d Lieut, of the English
frigate. His situation was soon known to the captain of a coasting ves
sel belonging to Falmouth ; he applied to the Governor of Mass. for his
release, which was promptly granted, and he returned in his vessel with
hira to Falmouth, and from Falmoutii to this town, to the great joy of
his parents.
August 22, 1750, they surprised and made prisoner of Seth Webb,
«on of Samuel Webb, who moved from Falmouth to this town March
15, 1742, on home lot No. '23, where Josiah Crague now lives, a few
rods east of his house, carried him to Canada, the head quarters of the
Indians, but ultimately he returned to this town before the breaking out
of the next Indian war.
These constitutu the sum of the conflicts with the Indians during what
is called the fifth Indian or five years war. It is worthy of remark,
that the five persons attacked by the Indians during this war were all
young men, none were killed, but one wounded, four were carried into '
¦captivity, but ultimately all returned safe to their parents. Notwith
standing this is usually called the five years war, it commenced July
19, 1745, and did not terminate until August 3, 1751. For so late as
June 8, 1751, the Indians killed Job Burnal in the adjoining town of
Falmouth, and a month afterwards carried away from New Meadows
seven of the inhabitants prisoners, August 3, 1751, a treaty with the
Indians was fully and formally confirmed.
From this time until the breaking out of the French war, and sixth
war with the Indians, at the close of the year 1754, the inhabitants of
this town were unmolested by the lords of the " tomahawk and scalping
knife." And being no longer imprisoned within their dwellings, they
applied themselves to cultivating their lands and improving their build
ings. New dwellings were erected, several families moved into town,
and there was a progressive increase in population and improvements.
The people could now labor on their lands and pursue their several
occupations without having any to molest or make them afraid, and the
" Ancient Dominion" began to assume a prosperous aspect. All the
non-intercourse laws which had been laid by the Indians, for six years
past, were now repealed, and although the inhabitants of that day were
not like those of the present, smothered with the thousand and one vehi-
* Anecdote of Bolton — see Note ¦'x in Appendix.

n
cles of the present day, yet they had that ancient, healthy, and good
old fashioned exercise of riding on horse back. Many a gay young
man was now to be seen with a lovely maiden of " blooming sixteen,"
well mounted on a pillion behind him, dashing away through thick and
thin, over rocks, stumps, and logs, to the " merrydance." But this
pleasant state of things was of short continuance ; the people had scarce
ly began to live when they were again involved in another Indian war.
At the close of the year 1754, hostilities again commenced between
the English settiements on the one side, the French settlements and the
Indians on the other. In May, 1755, the Indians commenced their at
tacks upon the settlements in New Boston, (Gray) North Yarmouth,
and New Gloucester. This war, called the French war, continued with
the Indians until the fall of 1758, when it ceased on their part, and was
the last war between the Indians and the English settiements in Maine.
The war, however, continued between France and England until Feb.
10, 1763, when England having completed the entire conquest of all
the northern dominions of France in America, a treaty was concluded
between the two nations wherein all the English conquests were con
firmed. The inhabitants of this town being in daily expectation of an attack
from the Indians, spared no pains to put their settlement in a good state
of defence. Three dwelling houses were converted into garrisons, by
erecting and attaching to them a sentry or watch box, two stories high,
the upper story projecting one foot over the lower, with a tier of port
holes, made of hewn timber, bullet proof. They were also surrounded
with a stockade in the same manner as the fort. One of these garri
soned houses (Mayberry's) stood on home lot No. 18, near where Reu
ben Elder now resides ; one (Bolton's) on home lot No. 52, where
Elias Babb now resides, and one (Graffam's) on home lot No. 61, where
Paul Stone now resides,
February, 17.56, the Indians surprised and made prisoner of Joseph
Knights the second time, on the farm where Josiah Littie now lives,
(lot No. 2, 1st division of 100 acre lots,) on that part of the lot next
, Presumscot river. Having been for some time a prisoner among the
Indians in the preceding war, he had partially learned their language,
and ascertaining that tiiey intended to attack all the frontier towns from
Brunswick to Saco, he determined on making his escape and alarming
the settiements, which he effected the seventh of the. following May. —
They had travelled to the Androscoggin river, being fatigued they halt
ed, made a fire, and encamped around it for the night. To prevent
Knights from making his escape, he was ordered to lie down on the
ground, between two Indians, fbr the night. Knights kept awake, — he
could not sleep, " it seemed so odd," — the Indians soon fell into a sound
sleep, when Knights gently took leave of his bed-fellows, gave " leg
bail," came into North Yarmouth and gave notice of the intended at
tack of the Indians.* From North Yarmouth he went to Falmouth,
now Portland, where the inhabitants generously contributed to his re
lief, after which he soon returned to this town.
The next and last " tug of war" between the inhabitants of this town
and the Indians, was May 14, 1756.
* " May 10. This morning wc are alarmed with young Knightf, who es
caped from the Indians three days ago, and got to North Yarmouth this
morning, who brings news of 120 Indians coming upon the frontier, who are
to spread themselves in small scouts from Brunswick to Saco."— SmiWs
Journal, page 64.

13
On the morning of that day Ezra Brown and Ephraim Winship left
the fort for the purpose of laboring on Brown's lot, which was about
one mile to the rear or north-east of the fort. They were accompanied
by a guard consisting of four men and four boys : the names of the
men were Stephen Manchester, Abraham Anderson, Joseph Sterling,
and John Farrar ; the names of the boys were Timothy Cloudman,
Gersham Winship, Stephen Tripp and Thomas Manchester. In going
to Brown's lot they had to travel through a piece of woods. Brown
and Winship being about sixty rods in advance, and in the thickest part
of the woods, were fired upon by a body of fifteen or twenty Indians
who lay in ambush. The Indians were of the Rockameecook tribe, (so
called) commanded by Poland, their king. Brown was shot dead upon
the spot. Winship received two balls, one in the eye and another in
the arm, and fell to the ground, when both were scalped by the Indians.
Upon hearing the report of the guns, part of the guard, viz. Joseph
Sterling, John Farrar, and two of the boys, Stephen Tripp atid Thomas
Manchester, hastened back to the fort. The residue, Abraham Ander
son, Stephen Manchester, and the two lads, Timothy Cloudman and
Gersham Winship, determined to pursue the Indians and avenge the
blood of their fallen companions, or perish in the attempt. Accordingly
this littie band of heroes, cheered by the voice of Anderson calling out
" follow on my lads," gallantiy pressed onward to the attack. They
turned to the right, took a circuitous route, and came upon the enemy
before they had left Brown and Winship. The Indians immediately
concealed themselves behind the trees. But they were no longer to
fire from covert places upon men unconscious of their presence. They
had now to deal with the intrepid descendants of Englishmen, — men
whose presence of mind never forsook them, and whose courage never
faltered. Poland, the Indian chief, who was concealed behind a tree,
and who had previously shot Brown, was the first to begin the bloody
combat. He discharged his musket at Anderson, but without taking
effect. In his eagerness to reload his piece, the body of Poland became
uncovered and exposed to the view of Stephen Manchester, who was
about thirty feet on Anderson's right, when Manchester instantly level
ed his musket, took deadly aim and fired ; swift as lightning the fatal
ball sped its way, and Poland, the warrior king of the Rockameecooks,
falls to rise no more. The Indians instantly gathered around their fall
en chieftain and made the woods resound with their infernal yells, to
which our little band of Spartans replied by giving them the contents
of their muskets, when two more of the Indians were killed or mortally
wounded. The Indians finding the place too hot foi;' them, fled from
the scene of action, carrying with them their dead and wounded, and
leaving behind " five packs, a bow, and a bunch of arrows and several
other things."*
The alarm having been given at the fort, a small number of armed
men from the upper garrison house, (Mayberry's) together with Seth
Webb, who had been taken prisoner by the Indians in the previous war,
went in pursuit. At a place called "the Meadows," between Canada
hill in this town and Westbrook line, they discovered an Indian carry
ing a quarter of beef upon his shoulder ; two of the party gave him a
very strong invitation to divide the spoils with them, by discharging their
muskets at him. But the Indian considering a possessory titie para
mount to any other, continued on his course, when Seth Webb, who
* This engagement with the Indians, where Poland was slain, was on lot
Np. 21, 1st division of hundred acre lots.

14
was a celebrated marksman, fired and brought him to the ground. He
however arose, relieved of his burden, and made his escape, but died of
his wounds during the following night, — making the whole loss of the
Indians four, in killed and mortally wounded ; the mortally wounded
died during the succeeding night.
The bodies of Brown and Winship were carried back to the fort, pre
senting to the inhabitants, particularly the wife and children of Brown,
and the children of Winship, a scene beyond the power of language to
describe. In less than two hours from the time they had left the fort in
the full vigor and strength of manhood, the lifeless remains of one was
brought in, and the body of the other so shockingly wounded and muti
lated that his life was despaired of Those who have been called to
experience similar scenes, may form a correct idea of the sufferings of
the bereaved wife and children of Brown and the children of Winship ;
and to those who have not, vain would be any attempt of mine to des
cribe the anguish of mind and the heart rending feelings of the families
and relatives of the victims of Indian barbarity.*
The death of Poland put an end to all troubles with the Indians in
this quarter : they were never known to attack the settiements in this
or the adjoining towns after his death, although they continued the war
in some parts of this State until the fall of 1758. The inhabitants, how
ever, could not feel secure until the close of the war with France, in
1763, makipg a second period of war with the Indians and French of
nii^e years. Thus it will be seen that from the first settiement of this
to*^, in 1737, until 1763, a period of twenty-six years, fifteen years
weft consumed in war with the Indians and French.
From the close of this war until the war of the Revolution, ui 1775,
the inhabitants of this town were exempted from the calamities of war,
— the weapons of death were laid aside for the implements of husband
ry. The people again cheerfully applied themselves to cultivating their
lands, to recover their farms from the dilapidated condition into which
they had fallen in consequence of the neglect and ravages occasioned
by war.
April 26, 1759, there were twenty-nine of the hortie lots settied, and
some land had been cleared on all the others except No. 4 ; after this
several other families moved in and commenced the first settlement on
the huiidred acre lots, and such was the promising condition of the
township that it was incorporated by its present name of Windham,
June 12, 1762. Windham was the sixteenth town incorporated in this
State. The name of Windham given to this town, like the names of most
of the old towns, is of English origin. It was so named for Windham,
formerly Wymondham, a town in the county of Norfolk, England, con
taining in 1820, a population of 4,023. There are also seven other
towns and two counties by the name of Windham in the United States.
The aggregate population in towns and counties by the name of Wind
ham, in 1820, amounted to 70,000, and at the present time it probably
amounts to 100,000.t f j
The first settlement in this town was in 1737, 245 years from the
first discovery of America by Columbus, 117 from the first settiement
It .New England, (Plymouth) and 107 from tiie first settiement in
Maine, (York.)
The town at the time of its incorporation contained 39 families ; the

* See Note No. 6, in Appendix.
t See Note No. 7, in Appendix.

15
precise number of inhabitants at that time is not known ; however, in
1764, two years after, it was estimated to contain 250 inhabitants. —
Until 1760 all the settlements in this town had been confined to the
" home lots."
Immediately after the incorporation of the town, agreeably to en
couragement from the proprietors and inhabitants of the town, Peter
Thatcher Smith was ordained Pastor over the Church and Parish of this
town, Sept. 22, 1762. .
At a meeting of the proprietors, Aug. 23, 1764, "Voted, that the
sum of .£19 19s. 9 l-2d. (being half the charge ofthe ordination ofthe
Rev. Mr. Smith,) be paid out of the proprietors' treasury, for that use, to
such persons that made the advancement of the whole sum."
The following account of the ordination is taken from the Journal of
the Rev. Thomas Smith of Falmouth, (now Portiand.) " Sept. 22, an
ordination at Windham, a prodigious concourse of people, a great and
adrtiired solemnity. Mr. Morrill began with prayer, Mr. Langdon
preached, I gave the charge, Mr. Loring gave the right hand of fellow
ship, Mr. Elvin preached. It was thought by all to be the most finish
ed solemnity of the kind ever known." So it seems our ancestors,
among their numerous other virtues, possessed the rare faculty of " do
ing up " ordinations in good style.
From the close of the French war until the war of the Revolution,
a term of twelve years, but littie occurred to interrupt the prosperity
of tiie inhabitants. Two events, however, occurred, which it may not
be improper to notice. The first was a violent hurricane on. the 31st
of July, 1767. It commenced near Sebago Pond, took an easterly di
rection, passing through the north-east corner of Gorham, crossed the
Presumscot at Loveitt's falls, passed through the middle of Windham,
directiy over the Duck pond, through the north part of Falmouth, and
the south part of North Yarmouth to the sea. It appears to have been
most violent in the town of Falmouth. It unroofed the house of Mr.
Purington, situated near the Duck pond, and prostrated every tree in
its way except a few sturdy oaks — but abated in some measure after it
entered North Yarmouth, so as not to do much damage in that town.
It extended in breadth about three-fourths of a mile. The second was
a destructive fire in 1775. It commenced at Gambo falls on the Pre
sumscot and passed through the town in the same direction, and follow
ing the course of the hurricane. This fire did considerable damage.
It fconsumed seven dwelling houses and their contents, with other build
ings. By this calamity, seven families were burnt out, four near where
the fourth Congregational meeting house now stands, and three at
Gambo falls.
The first town meeting after the incorporation of the town, was held
by virtue of a warrant from the Hon. Stephen Longfellow, at the old
fort in Windham, July 5, 1762. Abraham Anderson was chosen
Moderator, Thomas Chute Town Clerk, Caleb Graffam, Thomas May
berry, and John Farrar, Selectmen, and Abraham Anderson Town
Treasurer. From this time until the war of the Revolution, the popu
lation of the town was considerably augmented by emigration. The
town was now fast settling and in a flourishing condition, and continued
so until the war of 1775.
The war of the Revolution had its origin in a struggle for the exer
cise of unconstitutional power on the part of Great Britian, and a firm
determination on the part of the Colonies to resist the exercise of such
illegal authority. The Parliament of Great Britian contended that they
had the right to bind the Colonies in all cases whatever without their

16
consent. In conformity with these pretensions. Parliament passed an
Act June 29, 1767, imposing a duty, to be paid by the Colonies on all
paper, glass, painter's colors, and teas imported into the Colonies.
The king of Great Britian was also authorised to appoint revenue offi
cers to enforce and collect the duties. These measures the Colonies
pronounced oppressive and unconstitutional. They contended that,
having no representation in Pariiament, Pariiament had no right to tax
them without their consent. That taxation and representation were in
separable, and that this principle was recognized by the fundamental
laws of the British Empire. Indeed, this was the main pivot on which
the whole controversy between the Colonies and the mother country
turned. During that long and arduous struggle which ensued between Great
Britian and her American Colonies, and which ultimately terminated in
the independence of the latter, the town of Windham entered warmly
and zealously into the contest. From the commencement to the ter
mination of the war, we may safely say, tiiat facts bear us out in the
assertion, thatthis town contributed more than her full quota of men
and money.
Feb. 16, 1773, a town meeting was held at the meeting house, " To
choose a Committee to act on any thing the town may think proper, in
answer to the letter of correspondence sent by the town of Boston to
this town, concerning the infringements which are made upon the
rights and privileges that we ought to enjoy, and to do any thing that
this town may think proper in answer to said letter." Capt. Caleb
Graft'am was chosen Moderator, Thomas Mayberry, Richard Mayberry,
Z. Hunnewell, Caleb Graffam, Thomas Trott, William Knights, and
Hugh Crague were chosen a committee to make answer to the letter
of correspondence from the town of Boston. The meeting was then
adjourned to the 25th day of the month to hear the report of the com
mittee. At the adjourned meeting, the committee reported the follow
ing preamble and resolutions, which were read, accepted, and ordered
to be recorded in the town clerk's book.
" To the worthy gentiemen who are the committee of correspond
ence for the town of Boston : — Gentlemen, We, who are the commit
tee for the town of Windham, have considered of your pamphlet which
you sent to this town and we report as follows : We understand that
many towns older and much more capable of judging of affairs than
we are, have fully investigated the subject, therefore we think it need
less for us to be very particular in the affair. But we fully agree with
you, gentien;ien, in your sentiments concerning the liberties and privi
leges which we ought to enjoy, and the infringements which are made
on the same. We, the people of Windham, have suffered much by
the Indians, and did expect no other from them if we fell into their
hands. But little did we think that unconstitutional and unbearable
measures would be taken by those whom we depended upon to protect
and defend our interests and privileges, both civil and sacred, even to
bring us and our posterity into the greatest bondage, slavery, and mis
ery that people can well be under, even equal to or greater than the
Egyptian bondage. Therefore^ —
Resolved, That we declare ourselves to be true and legal subjects to
our king, and are ready to do our utmost whenever we are called to
defend his royal person and interest.
Resolved, That we look upon it our duty as well as interest, both for
ourselves and our posterity, to stand up in the defence of those privi
leges and liberties that our goodly forefathers purchased for us at so

17
dear a rate as the expense of their own blood, and that we used for
merly and still ought to enjoy.
Resolved, That the town of Windham returns humble and hearty
thanks to the town of Boston for the care and regard that they discover
for us and the whole province.
Resolved, That the foregoing resolves and proceedings be register
ed in the town clerk's office, that the rising generation may see what
care their forefathers have taken to defend their liberties and privileg
es, that they may take the like care if they are called to it as we are."
In Jan. 1774, a further communication was received from the town
of Boston relative to public affairs. A town meeting was held Jan. 24,
1774, " To see what the town think proper to do relating to the late
papers from Boston." At this meeting it was voted, " That the com
mittee of correspondence for this town, send to the committee of
correspondence for the town of Boston, their sentiments relating to
our public affairs." Which the committee accordingly did, express
ing in bold and energetic language, their determination to adhere to
and support their brethren in every measure touching the rights
and liberties of the country. And, at a subsequent meeting, Feb. 14,
'74, the proceedings of the committee were sanctioned and accepted
by the town.
Aug. 30, '74, a meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Falmouth
was held, at which Jedediah Preble, Enoch Freeman, Stephen Long
fellow, Enoch Ilsley, and Samuel Freeman, were chosen a " commit
tee to meet committees from the several towns in this county to con
sider what measures it will be expedient to adopt for the general inter
est of the county, in the present alarming situation of our public affairs ;
and that the said gDmmittee write to the said towns, acquainting them
with this vote, and appoint the time and place of meeting."
Agreeably to this vote a convention of delegates, from nine towns
in this county, assembled at Falmouth, now Portland, Sept. 21,
1774. The town of Windham was represented in this convention by
Zerubbabel Hunnewell, Thomas Trott, and David Barker. In this
convention the Cumberland County Resolves were passed, which are
probably the ablest exposition of public affairs, at that time, now extant.
In point of clearness, ability, and sound reasoning, they will not suffer
in comparison with any of the productions of that day. Their great
length must be my apology for the omission, on the present occasion,
of all, except one, of their recommendations to the several towns in the
county. " 9th. As the very extraordinary and alarming Act for establishing
the Roman Catiiolic religion and French laws in Canada, may introduce
the French and Indians into our frontier toVns, we recommend that ev
ery town and individual in this county, should be provided with a proper
stock of military stores, according to our province law, and that some
patriotic military officers be chosen in each town, to exercise their sev
eral companies, and make them perfect in the military art."
Agreeably to the recommendation of the county convention, a town
meeting was notified and held at the block house, (fort,) Nov. 7, 1774,
" To choose three officers to teach those who are so inclined, in the
military art." At this meeting, Richard Mayberry was chosen Capt.
David Barker Lieut, and Edward Anderson Ensign, and at the annu
al town meeting in March, 1775, it was " voted that William Knights
be Capt. for the militia for this town. — Voted, that David Barker be
Lieutenant. Voted, that Richard Dole be Ensign."

18
At a town meeting, March 15, 1775,—" Voted twenty seven pounds
to be raised as soon as possible, to provide a town stock of ammuni
tion." " Voted to choose a man to fix up the great gun and swivels."
" Voted that Capt. Caleb Graffam be the man to fix up the great gun
and swivels as soon as possible."
Although the ordnance department of Windham was not quite equal
in magnitude, to that which accompanied the army of Napoleoii in his
invasion of Russia, yet it was their all, and they were determined to
bring all their artillery into the field.*
So far had the inhabitants of this town proceeded in anticipation of
a war with England. Although for several years past, events had
been ripening which could not fail of producing an explosion, the fatal
blow had not yet been struck. It was, however, near at hand. Events
were now rapidly approaching to a crisis. On the 19th of April, 1775,
the dark and portentous cloud of war, which had long been gathering,
burst upon the devoted colonies. On that day, the British troops at
Lexington, Mass.'fired upon, killed eight of the Americans, and wound
ed several others. This was the first blood spilt during the Revolu
tionary war. The soil of Lexington was moistened and consecrated
by the blood of the first martyrs of liberty. The ever memorable bat
tle of Lexington opened the long and bloody drama that ensued be
tween Great Britian and her American colonies, and lighted up the
flames of war, which continued for the long period of eight years,f
during which, they consumed every vestige of British authority, and
were extinguished only by Great Britiaii's acknowledging the thirteen
United Colonies to be free, sovereign, and Independent States.
Every mild and constitutional measure had been exhausted in vain.
Petitions, expressed in the ablest manner, and in language the most
respectful, were unheeded. The Throne and Parliament were deaf to
the voice of justice and reason. And no alternative was left but an
unconditional surrender of those rights which the colonies held dearer
than life^or an appeal to arms. Our fathers, appealing to heaven for
the sincerity of their intentions and the justness of their cause, chose
the latter alternative, regardless of the consequences.
From this time to the close of the war, the calls upon this town for
men, money, clothing, and provisions, were incessant. Some idea
may be formed of the number and magnitude of the requisitions made
by the State, and the amount of money expended by this town, from
the following brief but imperfect summary of a part of the men, mon
ey, provisions, and clothing furnished by the town.
1775, 7 men in the State service at Cambridge, for 8 months. — 4
men in the State service at Falmouth, for 8 months. — 6 men in the
¦State service at Cambridge, for 2 months.
1776, 13 men in the State service at Peekskill, for 3 months. — 9
men in the State service at Dorchester, for 4 months. — 4 men in the
State service at Rhode Island, for 4 months. — 6 men in the State ser
vice, for 12 months.
1777, 3 men in the State service at Rutiand, Vt. — Feb. 21, State
tax, ,£97, 5, 4.
1778, April 14, " Voted £150, to provide shirts, stockings, and
shoes for the army."—" Voted, that £20 be raised to support the sol
dier's wives.— May 15, 3 men drafted into the State service at Peek-

*See Note No. 8, in Appendix,
tSee Note No, 9, in Appendix,

19
skill. — .£600 voted by the town for the same. — May 25, 2 men draft
ed in the State service, — ,£88 voted by the town for the same,
1779, Jan. 12, " Voted £80 for the support of the women whose
husbands are in the army. — May 24, " Voted £300 for the support of
the women whose husbands are jn \he Continental service." — June 21,
13 shirts, 13 pr. shoes and stockings for the army. — July 9, 16 men
drafted into the service at Penobscot, for 2 months. — £960 voted for
the same. — Sept. 10 men drafted into the service at Falmouth, for
2 months. — Sept. 20, £300 voted for the same by the town.
1780, 1 1 men in the service at Camden, for 8 months. — Sept. 25,
2760 lbs beef for the army. — Dec. 4, 5011 lbs. beef for the army. —
State tax £6090.*— Nov. 29, 6 men furnished the Continental for 3
years. 1781, Jan. 16, " Voted 2280 dollars, silver money, for the soldiers
who are to go into the army for 3 years." — State tax £394, 6s. — June
22, 9 shirts, 9 pr. shoes and stockings, and 4 blankets for the arftiy.
— July 14, £60 voted by the town to procure beef for the army. — Ju
ly, 4 men for the Continental army for 3 years. — Nov. 8, State tax
,£555. 1782, March 1, 3 men for the Continental army for 3 years. — May
31, " Voted £173 to pay the soldiers."t
In addition to the above, there was a considerable number of men
belonging to this town who enlisted into the service, several of whom
served nearly the whole of the war ; to which may be added those in
this town belonging to Capt. Mayberry's company. In Nov. 1776,
Capt. Richard Mayberry, of this town, enlisted a company of 64, in
cluding officers and privates, into the Continental service for three
years.| The captain of this company and eleven of the members belonged
to this town. This was the fifth company in the eleventh regiment of
the Mass. Bay Forces. This company was in the left wing of the army
commanded by Gen. Gates, in the memorable campaign of 1777, and
shared in common with their brethren in arms, in all the hardships and
dangers of that campaign, which terminated so gloriously in the capture
of Gen. Burgoyne and his army at Saratoga, Oct. 17, 1777. They
were in the battie of Monmouth, June 28, 1778, in which they suffered
severely, and also in the engagement at Hubbardstown. We may
judge of the efforts put forth by the inhabitants of this town during the
revolutionary war from the facts, that there was but one military com
pany in town during the war, that the number of men enrolled at any
time did not amount to 55, of whom more than 30 were known to be
out in the continental service and service of the State at one time, and
during the war 71 men performed service in the continental army and
drafted militia, being 16 more than the number enrolled at any time,
40 of whonji served three years in the army : that this town, small in
numbers, poor in point of pecuniary means, in one of the darkest peri
ods of the revolution, voted 2280 dollars in silver money, to support
the war, are facts which will forever stand forth as living mementoes of
the devotion and- attachment of this town to the cause of civil liberty.
The sufferings of the armies and people of the United States during
the war of the revolution surpass description. The armies suffered by
the attacks of the enemy, by cold, by heat, by hunger, by disease, and
*See Note No. 10, in Appendix.
t See Note No. 11, in Appendix.
JSee Note No, 12, in Appendix.

20
by all the privations and hardships incident to war. At one time there
were but two pair of shoes in Capt. Mayberry's company, which be
longed to Josiah Chute,* the grandson of Thomas Chute, the first set
tler of this town. He was sergeant of the company and was wounded
by a musket shot in the battie of Hubbardstown. Indeed, it was not
uncommon to track the march of the American armies by the blood
from their lacerated feet.
" At the battle of the Eutaw Springs, Gen. Green says, ' that hun
dreds of my men were naked as they were bom.' Posterity will
scarcely believe that the bare loins of many brave men who carried
death into the enemy's ranks at the Eutaw, were galled by their cart
ridge boxes, while a folded rag or a tuft of moss protected the shoulders
from sustaining the same injury from the musket. Men of other times
will inquire, by what magic was the army kept together ? By what
supernatural power was it made to fight .'"
Gen. Green, in his letters to the Secretary of War, says : " We have
three hundred men without arms, and more than one thousand so naked
that they can be put on duty only in cases of a desperate nature." —
Again he says: "Our difficulties are so numerous, and our wants so
pressing, that I have not a moment's relief from the most painful anxie-"
ties. I have more embarrassments than it is proper to disclose to the
world. Let it suffice to say, that this part of the United States has had
a narrow escape. I have been seven months in the field without taking
off my clothes."
Gen. Washington, in his letters to Congress, in 1777, says : " Soap,
vinegar, and other articles allowed by Congress, we see none of, nor
have we seen them, I believe, since the battle of Brandywine. The
first indeed we have littie occasion for, few men having more than one
shirt, many only the moiety of one, and some none at all. In addition
to which as a farther proof of the inability of an army under the cir
cumstances of this, to perform the common duties of soldiers, we have
by a field return this day made, besides a number of men confined to
hospitals for want of shoes, and others in farmer's houses on the same
account, no less than two thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight men
' now in camp, unfit for duty, because they are barefoot and otherwise
naked."! Nor were the calamities of the war confined to the armies. The peo
ple of the United States were beset at all points with enemies, external
and internal. They had not only to contend against the whole power
of Great Britain and her foreign mercenaries, against the savage hordes
employed by Great Britain, " whose known rule of warfare is an undis
tinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions," but also against
domestic enemies more treacherous than tiie savage. Towns were
wrapt in flames, hundreds of families turned houseless into the streets,
and reduced from affluent circumstances to abject poverty. In short, Uie
people ofthe United States passed through every calamity and eveiy spe
cies of suffering attendant upon war. — Well might they say these were
times that " tried men's souls." But amidst all their sufferings they nev
er despaired of success. Trusting in the justness of tiieir cause, they
pressed forward with unabated ardor, until their efforts were crowned
with complete success.
In the second year of tiie war, July 4, 1776, the Colonial Congress
declared the thirteen united colonies to be free, sovereign, and inde-
pendent States, and pledged their lives, fortunes, and sacred honor to
*See Note No. 13, in Appendix.
fMarBhall's Life of Washington, vol. 1, pace 220.

21
Support it. This declaration they made good to the very letter in all
its length and breadth, and subsequently compelled the gigantic power
of Great Britain, by the treaty of 1783, to sanction and acknowledge it.
Thus terminated the long and arduous struggle between Great Britain
and her American Colonies.
It has been stated that Great Britain in this war lost of her own sub
jects and mercenaries 100,000 lives, and added' to her national debt
£120,000,000 sterling, winning nothing but an inglorious defeat. The
United Sates established their National Independence, at an immense
sacrifice of blood and treasure, losing, probably, more than 50,000
brave men, and expended #135,193,703,* besides individual expendi
tures and damages to an untold amount.
" The loss of men to Massachusetts, in the field, in the camp, and in
prison ships, has been estimated at a number between 8 and 9 thousand.
Her own debt incurred was about five millions of dollars in specie
value, besides her proportion of the national debt, which was estimated
to be as much more. The quota to Maine of these and all other public
burthens was one tenth. The men belonging to Maine, who fell dur
ing the war, must have exceeded a thousand. "t.
Virtue and Intelligence, the sure foundations of Republican Govern
ments, and the solid basis of good society, have been fostered by the
inhabitants of this town with a commendable constancy and vigilance.
During the most trying periods they have been called to pass through,
the public worship ofthe Supreme Being, and the. cause of education,
have been strictiy attended to.
Samuel Webb taught the first school in this town. He moved from
Falmouth to this town March 15, 1743, and was employed by the in
habitants for many years after, to instruct their children.
At a town meeting " Oct. ye 7th, 1765," three years after the incor
poration of the town, it was " Voted, that a school be kept in said town
of Windham till the next annual meeting." (March 26, 1766,) Also,
" Voted, that twenty-six pounds be allowed to pay a schoolmaster till
March meeting next." Benjamin Moody taught school in Windham in
1772, and John Patterson in 1773. These were the venerable school
masters of " olden times."
The town at different times have voted the following sums for the
support of schools. In 1770, £30 ; 1775, £40 ; 1778, £80 ; 1780,
£400; 1781, £60 silver money; 1785, £30 ; 1790, £40 ; 1795, £70 ;
1800, £100; 1805, $700; 1810, $700; 1815, $1000; 1820, $946 ;
1825, $1017 ; 1830, $1046 ; 1S35, $1146 ; 1839, $1146.
In 1789, there were 6 school districts ; in 1821, 13, and at the pres
ent time, 18, and as many school houses, some of which, particularly
those recently built, are of the best materials and upon the most im
proved construction, and reflect great credit upon the districts to which
they belong. The number of scholars in this town, between the ages
of 4 and 21, were in 1825, 778 ; 1830, 812 ; 1835, 830 ; and in 1839,
877.t Although this town like the great majority of towns in the State, has
no colleges or academies, yet it is believed that its population will not
suffer on comparison in literary attainments witii the most favored towns.
It has a school fund of the annual income of $146, being the avails of
the school right reserved for the support of schools in the grant of the
* See Note No. 14, in Appendix.
t Williamson's History of Maine, vol. 2, page 505.
tSee Note No. 15, in Appendix.

22
township. There are two social libraries in this town. One at Wind-
him Corner, established in 1817, containing- 166 volumes, and one at
Little Falls, established in 1831, containing 180 volumes.
The Congregational is the oldest and largest religious society. They
built the first meeting-house in this town in 1740. In 1743, a church
of seven persons was formed and a Pastor settled.
John Wight was the first settied minister. He graduated at Harvard
College in 1721, came from Dedham, Mass. to this town, ordained Dec.
14, 1743, and preached here until his death. He died May 8, 1753,
aged 55 years.
Peter Thatcher Smith was the second minister. He was the son of
the Rev. Thomas Smith, of Falmouth, now Portiand, and grandson of
Thomas Smith, of Boston, merchant. He was born in Falmouth, June
14, 1731, graduated at Harvard College 1753, ordained Sept. 22, 1762,
dismissed Nov. 26, 1790, died Oct. 26, 1826, in the 96th year of his
age, having preached 28 years and 2 months.
Nathaniel Stone was the third minister. He graduated at Harvard
College in 1795, came from Provincetown, Mass. to this town, ordained
Oct. 1, 1798, dismissed Feb. 3, 1805, and is now living in Naples, Me.
Asa Lyman was the fourth minister. He was born in Lebanon,
Conn, about 1777, graduated at Yale College, 1802 or '3, mstalled
Nov. 30, 1809, dismissed June 1, 1810, died in the State of New York,
1836, aged 59 years.
Gardner Kellogg jvas the fifth minister. He was bom in Old Had-
ley, Mass. in 1765, graduated at Yale College about 1786, installed
April 25, 1811, and continued Pastor until his death. He died Nov.
29, 1826, aged 61 years.
William Gragg was the sixth minister. He came from Groton, Mass.,
graduated at Harvard College 1820, ordained Oct. 15, 1828, dismissed
Aug. 31, 1831, and is now living in Bedford, Mass.
Jonathan Lee Hale was the seventh minister. He was born in Ca
naan, Conn, in 1790, graduated at Middlebury College in 1819, came
from Campton, N. H. to this town, ordained Sept. 12, 1832, and con
tinued Pastor until his death. He died at Savannah, in the State of
Georgia, Jan. 15, 1835, aged 45 years.
John W. Shepard was the eighth and present minister. He came
from Gilmantown, N. H., and was ordained Aug. 3, 1836.
This society has two meeting-houses for public worship : one in the
south part of the town, standing on land given to the town by Joseph
Blaney and Paul Little, Esqrs. and Capt. Thomas Barker, for a training
ground, burying ground, and a site for a meeting-house, which was
erected in 1795, being the fourth Congregational Meeting-house erected
in Windham. The other, the north meeting-house at Windham Cor
ner, was erected in 1834, and is the fifth Congregational Meeting-house.*
They have a ministerial fund of the annual income of $225, being the
proceeds of the ministerial right reserved in the grant of the township,
for the support of the ministry.
The Friends Society are the next oldest in town. There were per
sons of this denomination in town anterior to 1774. At a town meet-
' ing, Oct. 13, 1774, it was voted to excuse eight persons of this society
from paying ministerial taxes. They had a meeting for worehip estab
lished in this town in 1779, a preparative meeting in 1793, a quarterly
meeting in 1801, and a monthly meeting in 1802. They have a large
and convenient meeting-house nearly in the centre of the town, erecte'^

See Note No- 16, in Appendix.

23 ¦
in 1800, There are forty-five families in town belonging to this society.
The Baptists are the ne.xt. They were incorporated in 1791 — they
have a meeting-house in the south part of the town, opposite the resi
dence ofthe late Dr. Rea, erected in 1822.
The Methodists are the fourth society. They have a small meeting
house at the centre of the town, erected in 1792. The number of fam
ilies in town belonging to this society are supposed to be about forty.
There are also persons of other religious denominations in town.
Doct. Caleb Rea was the first physician in this town. He was the
youngest son of Dr. Caleb Rea, of Danvers, Mass. and was born in that
town, March, 1758. He read medicine with Drs. Holyoke and Putman,
two eminent physicians of Salem and Danvers. Towards the close of
the revolutionary war he entered the navy as surgeon, where he ac
quired much practical information in that important branch of his pro
fession. At the close of the war he took passage to the East Indies,
where, and in Europe, he passed between two and three years. Soon
after his return to his native land he moved his family to Windham, in
1785 — 6, and entered upon the duties of his profession, where he con
tinued to labor until his death. He died Dec. 29, 1796, at the age of
39 years.
Dr. James Paine was the second physician. He was born Feb. 16,
1759, in Eastham, Barnstable County, Mass., where he lived until 1779,
engaged in studies preparatory to a profession under the instruction of
the Rev. J. Crocker. One year of this time he passed in the army,
serving in the revolutionary war as a volunteer. In 1788 he commen
ced the practice of medicine in Limerick, York County, where he re
mained until 1797. — He then removed to this town, and devoted him
self to his profession until 1818, when his health failed, he gave up his
profession, removed to Portiand, and acted as magistrate until his death,
which occurred Feb. 22, 1822, aged 63 years;
Drs.  Folsom, Calvin How, Jacob Hunt, James Merrill, John
Waterman, S. W. Baker, Charles G. Parsons and Joseph Addison Par
sons, have also practiced medicine in this town.
Joseph Pope first opened an office in this town, for the practice of
law, in 1803, since which Barker Curtis, Asa Mitchell, Hezekiah Frost,
Thomas Amory Deblois, and John Eveleth have successively practiced
law in Windham.*
The first post office established in Windham was in 1798, at Wind
ham Corner. Col. Edward Anderson was the first post-master. Since
which two others have been established — one at Littie Falls, in 1828,
(South Windham,) of which Jonathan Andrew, Esq. was the first post
master, and the other at Windham Upper Corner, in 1833, (North
Windham,) of which Daniel S. Littiefield was the first post-master.
The population of this town, at different periods since the first settle
ment, was, in 1759, 29 families ; in 1762, 39 families ; in 1764, 250
inhabitants ; in 1790, 938 ; in 1800, 1329 ; in 1810, 1613 ; in 1820,
1793 ; in 1830, 2186; in 1837, 2207 ; (and in 1840, 2274.) There
has never been any very rapid increase or diminution of inhabitants in
this town ; the population has increased but littie recentiy, owing to
emigration to the new settied towns. The increase of population for
the last ten years being only four per cent.
There was but one military cornpany in Windham until after the
Revolutionary war. At the present time there are two companies of
* See Note No. 17, ia Appendix,

,24
Infantry, one of Light Infantry, and one of Riflemen, composed of the-
citizens of this town and Gorham.
This town has five public Burying-grounds. The first and most an
cient is on the farm where Abraham Anderson now lives, which was
criven to the town by his father, Abraham Anderson, in 1768. The
second is on the farm now owned by Col. Edward Anderson, and for-
meriy the farm of the late Peter T. Smith, and ^ven by him to the
town. These depositories of the dead are in the centre of the " home
lots." In these cemeteries the bones of most of the early fathers of
the town are interred. The third is in school district No. 2. The
fourth at Windham corner, and the fifth at Windham upper corner.*
Thomas Manchester, son of Stephen Manchester the fifth settier of
this town, was the first child born in Windham. He was born in 1739.
Nancy Mayberry, daughter of Wm. Mayberry the second settier, was
the second child born, and first female birth. She was born May 23,
1740, and died Feb. 12, 1808, aged 68 years. Her remains are in
terred in a burying-ground on the farm formerly owned by Paul Little,
Esq. The committees of safety, correspondence, and inspection, were in
1775, Z. Hunnewell, Tho. Trott, David Barker, and Caleb Graffam. —
1776, Z. Hunnewell, Cabb Graffam, Richard Mayberry, Tho. Trott,
and Isaac Hardy.— 1777, Z. Hunnewell, Abraham Osgood, William
Knights, Daniel Pattengall, and Caleb Graffam. — 1778, Z. Hunnewell,
Paul Littie, and David Noyes. — 1779, Wm. Knights, David Barker,
and Daniel Pattengall— 1780, Caleb Graffam,''Paul Littie, and Zerub
babel Hunnewell. — 1781, Abraham Osgood, Richard Mayberry, and
Thomas Trott. — 1782, A. Osgood, Richard Maybeny, and Thomas
Trott. — 1783, Z. Hunnewell, David Barker, and Thomas Barker.
Windham was first represented in the General Court of Mass, in
1767, by Abraham Anderson. Josiah Chute and Noah Read, were the
delegates who represented the town in the convention which framed
the Constitution of Maine in 1819, and Gen. Daniel Hall first repre
sented the town in the Legislature of Maine, in 1820.
Many of the inhabitants of this town have attained to a great age.
Probably no town in the State, of the same population, can produce a
greater number of instances of great longevity. Since the first settle
ment of the town, 73 persons have died of 80 and under 90 ; 22 of 90
and under 100 ; 1 of 100, and 1 of 101 years — making 97 of 80 years
and upwards. At the present time, there are 70 persons living in the
town, of 70 and under 80, and 18 of 80 and under 90, one of 91, one
of 92, and one of 95 years, — making the whole number of persons liv
ing in the town, at the present time, of 70 years and upwards, 91. t
Time admonishes me that I should close this address. We have
been taking a retrospective view of the past. But who shall disclose
the future ? Of the immense number who compose the assembly on
this occasion, probably not one will survive the lapse of a hundred
years. Ere the return of another Centennial Anniversary, we, the in
tervening generations who connect the past with the future, shall have
passed from the stage of action, and shall have been gathered to the
graves of our fathers, and our places supplied by generations yet
unborn. •See Note No. 18, in Appendix.
t See Note No. 19, in Appendix.

26
May we be permitted to indulge the hope, that the example of our
ancestors, in all that is good and worthy of imitation, will not be lost
upon us, their descendants. Let us indulge the hope that the rich leg
acy bequeathed to us, and sealed with the blood of our fathers, will be
transmitted pure and untarnished by us and our posterity to the latest
period of time.
In conclusion permit me to say, fellow citizens, that I have endeav
ored to give as faithful a sketch of the early historical events of the
town, as the short notice, the little time I have had to devote to the
subject, and the difficulty of obtaining correct information, relative to
events which have long since transpired, would allow.
While contemplating the various scenes through which the inhabi
tants of this town and nation have passed during the past century,
and contrasting them with their present prosperous and happy condi
tion, let us ascribe all the praise to that Being from whom cometh ev
ery " good and perfect gift." Let every heart, on the present oc
casion, expand with gratitude to the God of our fathers who has raised
us from such small and feeble beginnings to be a large, prosperous,
and happy town, and exalted our nation to heaven in point of privileg
es, and given it the first rank among the nations of the earth.

APPENDIX. No. 1.
Names of the Grantees of New Marblehead, now Windham.
Jeremiah Allen, Micah Bowden, Robert Bull, Nathaniel Bartlette,
John Bailey, Thomas Bartiette, Nathan Bowen, Francis Bowden, Jed
ediah Blaney, Samuel Brimblecom, Joseph Blaney, Thomas Chute,
Peter Coleman, Mose's Calley, Nathaniel Cogswell, Richard Dana,
Benjamin Dodge, Humphrey Deverux, Nicholas Edgscome, Nathaniel
Evans, John Gelton, Thomas Frothingham, Joseph Gallison, Joseph
Griffin, WiUiam Goodwin, Robert Hooper, Ebenezer Hawkes jr., Abra
ham Howard, Benjamin Hendley, Edward Holyoke, Joseph Howard,
John Homan, Ebenezer Hawkes, Benjamin James, William Ingalls,
Giles Iremy, Samuel Lee, Joseph Majory, Isaac Maxfield, William
Mayberry, John Oulton, Robert Paramore, George Pigot, John Palmer,
Jonathan Proctor, James Perrimon, James Pierson, John Reed, Richard
Reed, Samuel Stacy 3d, James Sharrar, John Stacy, Ebenzer Stacy,
James Skinner, Joseph Swett, Joseph Smithurst, Andrew Tucker, Isaac
Turner, Calley Wright, Thomas Wood.
No. S.
The original boundaries of New Marblehead, as laid out May 15,
1735, were as follows, to wit :
" We began at a place called Saccarappa Falls, in Presumscot river,
and so as the river runs to a great pond called great Sebago Pond,
thence north 45 deg. east 4 miles and 120 rods, thence south 45 deg.
east to North Yarmouth back line, thence 3 miles south 45 deg. west
to the corner of North Yarmouth and Falmouth bounds, thence south
24 deg. 20 minutes west 8 miles and 60 rods to Saccarappa Falls."
No. 3.
Boundary lines between Windham and Falmouth, as established by
an act ofthe General Court, Nov. 27, 1761.
4

26
" Viz. Beginning at a white rock by the water side in Casco Bay
and running northwest ninety-five rods to the stump of a' red oak tree,
which was formerly marked F, and from thence northwest on the line
between the towns of Falmouth and North Yarmouth eight miles to a
pine marked F, for the northwest corner of the said town of Falmouth,
and from thenCe and the lines between said town of Falmouth and the
said New Marblehead. To run on a straight line to come fifteen rods
to the eastward of a brook, called Inkhorn brook, below the mouth of
said brook, whence h enters into the river called Presumscot river. —
To run again from the said pine tree back on the line of Falmouth,
ninety-five rods to tiie southeast corner of North Yarmouth, being a
stake, and from thence northeast three miles on the bounds between
North Yarmouth and New Marblehead to the lines of New Boston."—
(Gray)
Ho. 4.
The following exhibit shows the number of acres of land in Wind
ham, exclusive of reads, and how disposed of, viz :
1st division ten acre lots assigned to the 63 original rights, 630 acres.
2d do. 630 -
1st do. of one hundred acre lots do. 6300
2d do. do. 12600 ''^
1st do. of seventy-three acre lots do. 4599
24759
24749-^63=393
Twelve 100 acre lots sold by proprietors to individuals, 1200 "
^ Nos. 76 and 140 not drawn, 200 "
\  26159
No. 5.
Bolton was carried captive to Quebec ; here the captain of a French
frigate purchased him for a servant ; he went 'on^ board the French
frigate in that capacity. Shortly after she put to sea she came in con
tact with an English frigate — a severe engagement ensued — the French
frigate was captured, and her crew transferred on board the English
vessel. Lieut. Wallace, 2d Lieut, of the English frigate, having learn
ed the history of Bolton, out of motives of kindness obtained him for a
servant. He was directed to make tea for the Lieutenant's mess, — he
had a canister containing one pound of green tea, and a copper tea-
kettie large enough to contain two quarts. Bolton, who had never seen
any tea before, and wholly unacquainted with making it, put the whole
pound of tea into the kettie, filled it with cold water and put it over the
fire to ste.ep. In process of time the water waxed hot, the tea began to
swell, blew the " kiver" sky high and foamed out. Presently news
came to the Lieut, that there was a "tempest in the teapot," — he " pi
ped all hands," and in a few minutes Bolton found himself surrounded
by a dense little congregation, and stood palsied with astonishment at
the wonderful phenomenon before him. The Lieut, supposing that
Bolton had done this of his " malice aforethought," foamed with as
much violence as the teapot. He ordered Bolton to be lashed to the
gangway and whipped. The French captain believing Bolton had done
this through ignorance, soon ascertained the fact and communicated it
to Lieut. Wallace, when Wallace interrogated Bolton upon the " affair,"
and particularly whether he had ever made any tea before. Bolton
replied that he had not, but supposed he must make it as his mother did
herb tea. Upon hearing this the Lieut, was as much excited with
laughter as before with rage, — he ordered him to be discharged from

27
duress. The particulars of this transaction were soon communicated to
all the officers and crew of the vessel, and occasioned much merriment
and laughter. Eight or ten years after Bolton's return to this town, he
was at Falmouth, now Portiand, where he fell in company with his old
master, Lieut, Wallace — % cordial greeting ensued — Wallace was now
out of employ and poor, Bolton, who always entertained a strong at
tachment for Wallace, took him home with him to Windham, treated
him with great kindness, where he lived with him until his death. He
died at the advanced age of 80 years. His remains are interred in
Anderson's burying ground, the most ancient in town.
No. 6.
Ezra Brown, who was killed by Poland, left a wife and four children
— three sons, William, Ezra and Amos, and o^e daughter, Lydia, whose
descendants are numerous. One of his sons, Ezra, died in this town
March 31, 1826, aged 76 years. He was a man of superior abilities,
was representative of the town in the Legislature of Massachusetts in
1797, and 18 years one of the Selectmen of the town. He was one of
the Selectmen from 1782 to 1802, excepting 1789 and 1799 ; also, one
of the Selectmen in 1807.
Ephraim Winship, anterior to his being wounded by the Indians, had
been married, but at the time he was woiinded he had no wife, she
having deceased before, leaving six children. Winship recovered of
his wounds, notwithstanding the Indians had taken two scalps from his
head and gave him a blow with a hatchet, leaving him for dead. The
Indians took two scalps from Winship in consequence of his having two
crowns on his head. They left a narrow strip of skin extending from
the forehead directiy over the top to the back part of the head, between
the two scalps which they had taken off. In consequence of this
" searching operation" of the Indians upon the head of Winship, it ever
after presented a very singular appearance. Some time after this Win
ship was married to His seqond wife, by whom he had five more chil
dren, thereby strictly fulfilling the sommands given to Noah and his
sons, " Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth." He was a
native of Lexington, Mass., and died in Windham, June 4, 1766, aged
55 years.
No. 7.
Towns and Counties by the name of Windham, where situated, and
the population they contained in 1820 :
Towns. Counties. Stales. Pop. Towns. Counties.

Windham, Cumberiand, Me. 1793
Windham, Windham, Vt. 931
Windham, Rockingham, N.H- 889
Windham, Luzerne, Penn. 889

Windham, Windham,
Windham, Gregiie,
Windham, Bradford,
Windham, Portage,

States.

Pop.

Ct.

2489

N.Y.

2536

Penn.

350

Ohio,

472

28457

Population of the County of Windham, in Vermont,
" ", « " in Connecticut, 31684
" Windham or Wymondham, town in Phe county of Norfolk, Eng., market
on Friday, 9 miles W. S^-W. Norwich. 103 N.London, population 4,023.—
The chief trade ofthe place is making wooden ware."
No. 8.
In the summer of 1776, the great gun and one swivel were carried
to Falmouth and put on board the privateer Reprieve, commanded by
Capt. Joshua Stone. The other swivel was intentionally destroyed, a
few years ago, at Windham Upper Corner, so that none of these relics
of antiquity are now tfo be fotnd.

28
Wo. ».
The entire time from the commencement of hostilities at Lexington,
April 19, 1775, until Sept. 3, 1783, the time when the definitive treaty
of peace was signed at Paris, was 8 years 4 months and 14 days. —
Hostilities, however, ceased in a great measure after the surrender of
the British army under Lord Cornwallis, at Yorktown, in Virginia, Oct.
19, 1781.
Mo. 1®.
" The whole amount of continental money issued from June 22,
1775, to Nov. 1779, was 241,552,780 dollars. The depreciation was
rapid ; by an act of the General Court the rate of depreciation on all
contracts, was as follows : for every $100 in gold or silver, in January,
1777, $105 in paper ofthe United States was to be received ; in July,
$125 in paper ; in October, $275 ; 1778, Jan. $325 ; April, $400 ;
July, $425; Oct. $500; 1779, Jan. $745 ; April, $1104; July, $1477;
Oct. $2030 ; 1780, Jan. $2934 ; April, $4000 ; from April 1st to 20th,
1780, one Spanish dollar was equal to $40 in paper of the old emission ;
May 25, it was equal to $60. The paper depreciated gradually until
Feb. 27, 1781, when one Spanish dollar was worth $75 in paper. At
that time a new emission was made of paper, which was a little short
of $2 for $1 of silver. This, however, continually depreciated until
Oct. 1, 1781, it stood at $4 to $1." — Willis' History of For Hand, part
11, page 163.
No. 11.
"During the winter session (1776) the General Court arranged the
militia anew ; and formed Massachusetts proper into three divisions and
Maine into one." " All able bodied males between 16 and 60 years
were enrolled and compelled to do military duty, except Quakers, set
tled ministers of the Gospel, the officers of Harvard College, colored
men and Indians." — Williamson's History of Maine, vol. 2, page 445.
List of men belonging to Windham, who performed service in the
Continental array and drafted militia during the revolutionary war.
Those who served three years.
Elias Legrow, Joseph Legrow, Caleb Young, Richard Thurrill, Amos
Brown jr., Stephen Tripp, Samuel Knights, James Jordan, Job Hall,
Richard Mayberry, Josiah Chute, William Mayberry, John Swett, Sam
uel Tobin, John Mugford, Hezekiah Hall, Nathaniel Gammon, Stephen
Lowell, William Cammell, Enoch Hall, Jeremiah Small, Richard Dole,
Edward Webb, Samuel Chandler, Eli Webb, Samuel Lord, Amos
Brown,* Richard Presson, Stephen Hutchinson, William Hardy, John
Knight, Nicholas Hughes, Robert Millions, Ebenezer Barton, Enoch
Graffam, Stephen Manchester. Colored men — Flanders, Romeo, Lon-
non, Peter Smith.
* Killed at the Battie of Hubbardstown.
Those who served less than three years at one time.
James Chute, Ichabod Hanson, George Knights, John Winship, Na
thaniel Chase, Joseph Hutchinson, Samuel Hutchinson, George Crock
ett, Stephen Harris, Thomas Chute, Thomas Crague, Jeremiah Jordon,
Daniel Crockett, John Young, Edward Anderson, Abraham Anderson,
John Anderson, Thomas Trott, Benjamin Trott, James Mayberry, John
Mayberry, William Mayberry jr., Thomas Mayberry, David Mayberry,
Thomas Bolton, John Elder, William Elder, Joseph Elder, Richard
Hunnewell, Benjamin Bodge, Thomas Bodge.

23
i^'o. as.
" Muster Roll of Capt. Richard Mayberry's company in Battallion of
Massachusetts Bay Forces, in the service of the United States, com
manded by Col. Benjamin Tupper,' 11th Regiment 5th Company. —
Taken for Dec. 1778."
Commissioned Officers. — Richard Mayberry, Captain, W ; Silas Chadbourn,
Lieutenant ; Jonathan Libby, Ensign.
Serjeants. — Joab Libby, Josiah Chute, W, Amos Allen.
Corporals. — Nathaniel Lombard, Chandler Rackley, Ebenezer Barton, W.
Z)ru)nm«r.— Josiah Wallace,
Fifer. — Christopher Dunn.
Privates. — Joab Black, Sylvanus Brarahall, Charles Branscum, Geo. Berry,
Benjamin Cresey, Ephraim Dyer, William Davis, John Green, David Guston,
William Hunt, Nicholas Hughes, W, Hezekiah Jordon, Henry Jackson, James
Jordon, W, Robert Jackson, Jedediah Lombard, Butier Lombard, Caleb Lom
bard, Francis Libby, William Mayberry, W, Robert Millions, W, George
Robinson, John Swett, W, Walter Simouton, Ephraim Sawyer, Peter Smith,
W, Joseph Stone, Daniel Small, Elisha Small, Joseph Thompson, William
Thompson, Jesse Whitney, Joseph Webber, Jonathan Webster, Jonathan
Bean, Thomas Chute, W, Peter Crockett, Thomas Guston, Jeremiah Hodg-
don, Richard Hollis, Samuel Jordon, George Leach, David Mayberry, W,
John Orion, Joseph Phinney, Peter Sandborn, Jonathan Swett, Samuel Small,
Ebenezer Sawyer, Benj. Trott, W, David Truill, Daniel Whitmore, Robert
M'Farling. " West Point, Jan. 1, 1779, mustered then Capt. Richard Mayberry's
company, as specified in the above RoU."
No. 13.
Josiah Chute was the son of Curtis Chute, and grandson of Thomas Chute,
the first settler in Windham. Thomas Chute, the first settler, died in this
town in 1770, aged 80 years. He had one son and two daughters. His son
Curtis was killed by lightning at Portland, June 5, 1767. His daughter Sa
rah married to John Bodge, was drowned at Horse-beef Falls in 1776; his
other daughter, Abigail, married with Mr. Cobham. > Curtis Chute left a wife
and five children — four sons, Josiah, Thomas, John and Jame_s, and one
daughter. Three of his sons, Josiah, Thomas and James, were in the ser
vice in the course of the revolutionary war. Josiah was born in Windham,
. June 4, 1759, and died hei-e Oct. 2, 1834, aged 75 years. His brother, Col. ¦
Thomas Chute, died here several years since. James died at sea. John,
who now resides in Naples, is the only one ofthe family now living. Josiah
Chute served five years in the army of the revolution, he frequently repre
sented this town in the Legislature of Mass., was one ofthe delegates in the
State Convention that formed the Constitution of Maine, and for twenty years
one ofthe Selectmen ofthe town. He left a wife and seven children, all of
whom except one son (Josiah) are now living.
Mo. 14.
Expenses ofthe war of the revolution and the numher of men furnished hy the
several States.
" Owing to various causes the precise amount of expenditures for the war
cannot be ascertained. The following estimate is supposed to approximate
to the expense incurred :
Estimated expenditures of 1775 and 1776, in specie, $20,064,666 66
1777, 24,986,646 85
1778, 24,289,438 26
1779, 10,794,620 65
1780, 3,000,000 00
1781, 1,942,465 30
1782, 3,632,745 85
1783, 3,226,583 45
To Nov. 1st, 1784, 548,525 63
Forming an amount total of $92,485,693 15

30
To which should be added.
Array debt upon Commissioners' certificates, 11,080,576 01
Supplies furnished by citizens ofthe several States, 3,723,625 21
Supplies from the Quarter-Master and Commissary's Dep't., 1,159,170 05
Other supplies, certificates for which issued by Register, 744,638 49
The foreign expenditures, civil, military, &c. 5,000,000 00
Estimated expenditures of the several States, 21,000,000 00
Estimated expense of the war, in specie, $135,193,703 91
Goodrich's Encyclopedia, page 437.
Number of Troops (Continental and Militia) employed during the revolu
tion, and the quotas furnished by each Stale, taken from the Collections of
the Hampshire Historical Society.
1775 I 1776 I 1777 | 1778 | T779 | 1780 | 1781 | 1783 1783
Contl. Contl. Mil. Cont. Mil. Cent. Mil. Cont. Mil. Cont. Mil. Cent. Mil. Cont. Cont.
N.Hampshire, 2,824 3,019 1,172 1,111 1,283 1,004 222 1,017 760 700 744 733
Massichusells, 16,444 13,3r2 4,000 7,816 2,775 7,010 1,927 6,287 1,451 4,553 3,438 3,732 1568 4,423 4,370
Khode-lsland, 2,193 798 1,102 518 630 2,426 50? 756 915 464 481 372
Connecticut, 4,507 6,390 5,737 4,563 4,010 3,544 3,133 554 2,420 1,501 1,732 1,740
New-York, 2,875 3,629 1,715 1,903 921 2,194 2,258 2,179 668 1,728 1,198 1,169
NewJeraey, 3,193 5,893 1,408 1,586 1,276 1,105 162 823 660 675
Penns^Ivama, 400 5,519 4,876 4,983 2,481 3,684 3,476 3,337 1,346 1,265 1,598
Delaware, 609 145 229 349 317 325 231 89 164 235
Maryland, 637 2,592 2,030 1,535 3,907 2,849 2,065 770 1,280 974
Virginia, 6,181 5,744 1,289 5,238 3,973 2,486 1,215 4,331 1,204 629
North Carolina, 1,134 1,281 1,287 1,214 545 1,105 697
South Carolina, 2,069 1,650 1,650 909 139
Georgia, 351 1,423 673 87 145
28,443 46,901 26,060 34,750 10,112 32,899 4,353 27,699 2,429 21,115 5,811 13,832 7,398 14,256 13,076
Tclai  Continental 231,971— Militia 56,163
No. 13.
No. of Dwelling Houses, No. of Families, and No. of Scholars in the sev
eral School Districts.

No.

of the Districts.

No. of houses.

No.

families.

No. scholars.

1838.
1839.
1840.
No.
1
or Anderson's,
16
18
35
40
40
It
2
" Little Falls,
29
30
59
47
52
it
3
" Gambo,
26
26
46
50
56
tt
4
" Pleasant river,
13
12
34
29
27
(t
5
¦' Windham corner.
21
22
39
47
40
tt
6
" Amos Hawkes,
25
25
69
56
63
tt
7
" Kenards'
17
20
37
44
54
tt
8
" Baker's corner,
24
26
66
68
68
IC
9
" Columbian or Dole's
27
28
75
74
73
"
10
" Ireland,
18
20
60
62
65
tt
11
" Scotland,
14
16
37
44
37
t:
12
" Hardy's,
7
9
18
13
15
tt
13
" Plains,
26
26
69
73
62
tt
14
" Windham upper corner.
25
26
51
64
65
It
15
" Hodsdon's,
29
26
63
67
64
tt
16
" Friends'
26
30
55
57
57
tt
17
" Great Falls,
12
12
32
30
34
It
18
" Outlet,
6
6
11
12
7
Total, - - 361 378 856 877 884
No. 16.
Between 1740 and 1795, two meeting house frames were erected by the
Congregationalists ; one near where Reuben Elder now lives, and one near
where Rowland Rand now lives, neither of which were finished, and subse
quently the frames of both were taken down. The fourth Congregational
meeting house is 50 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 22 feet posts, well finished
and painted. The fifth Congregational meeting house is 48 feet long, 38
feet wide, and 17 feet posts, well finished and painted, with a steeple, and
cost $1300. The Friends' meeting house is 45 feet long, 40 feet wide, and
20 feet posts,— they had a meeting house in this town prior to this, but not so
large. The Methodist meeting house is 28 feet long, 24 feet wide, and 9
feet posts. The Baptist meeting house is 38 feet long, 36 feet wide, and 12
feet posts, well finished and painted.
31

Proprietors of the Fourth Congregational meeting house, and the amount
subscribed by each. (Let out to Col. Edward Anderson to build. Feb 8
1795, for £160.) George Knights, £10,10s
Daniel Hanson, 7,00
William Knights, 9,00
Elizabeth Andrew, 6,00
Josiah Webb, 5,00
Edward Anderson, 12,00

Paul Little, £12.00s
Paul Little, Jr. 9,00
Thos. Barker, 11,00
Thos. Barker Jr 11,00
Thomas Chute, 10,00
Thomas Smith, 10,10

Thomas Cragi
Curtis Swett,
John Swett,
John Gallison,
Josiah Chute,
John Chute,
No.

le, £I3,00s 6,00
7,00 6,00
7,00
8,00-

63,10
Total, £160.

47,00
17.

49,10

Joseph Pope opened an office at Windham corner for the practice
of law in 1803. He was born in the town of Spencer, county of Wor
cester, Mass. Graduated at Dartmouth College, N. H. in 1798. Read
law with Pliny Merrick of Brookfield, Mass. Admitted to the Cumber
land bar as counsellor at law, in 1804, — delivered an oration before
the citizens of Windham, July 4, 1804, — moved from Windham to
Portland, 1805, — returned to Windham, 1813, and resided there until
1815, when he again removed to Portland, where he now resides.
Hezekiah Frost came to Windham and commenced the practice of
law in Feb. 1807. Born in Canterbury, Conn. 1778, — graduated at
Yale College in 1802, — read law with Judge Griswold of Conn.--re-
sided in Windham from 1807 until his death, — died May 27, 1827,
aged 49. He did much, while he resided here, to elevate the charac
ter of our primary schools.
Thomas Amory Deblois, — born in Boston, — graduated at Harvard
University, Mass. 1813, — studied law with Col. S. A. Bradley of Frye-
burg and Gen. S. Fessenden of N. Gloucester, — came to Windham
and commenced the practice of law in 1816, — removed from Wind
ham to Portland in 1819, where he now resides.
John Eveleth, — born in N. Gloucester, — graduated at Brunswick
College in 1814, — studied law with Gen. Samuel Fessenden of New
Gloucester, — came to Windham and commenced the practice of law
Dec. 7, 1819, where he has continued in the practice of the " glorious
uncertainty of the law " until the present time.
No. 18.
The first persons buried in Windham are on home lot No. 32, about
30 rods from the Presumscot. They are the first wife of Stephen
Manchester, a brother of hers, (Farrar,) and a child. I have not the
means of ascertaining the time when they were buried, it was probably
soon after the first settlement in the town. Although these graves
were on the first land cleared in Windham, they are now in the midst
of a thick forest of pines, some of which are 18 inches in diameter.
The first person buried in, Anderson's cemetery, is an infant child of
A. Anderson, the fifth settler. Rev. John Wight was the first person
buried in Smith's cemetery, May, 1753. Josiah Chute, Esq. was the
first person buried in the new cemetery in District No. 2, Oct. 1834.
No. 19,
Names of aged persons who died in Windham.
Eleanor Cobbey, 101. Robert Martin, 100. Nathaniel Evans, 99. Mrs.
Sarah Rogers, (1827) 98. Jonathan Wilson, (1823) 86,— his wife Mary, (1838)
97. David Purrington, (1816) 84,— his wife Sarah, (1830) 96. Thomas
Trott, (1821) 91,— his wife Sarah, (1837) 97. Matthew Tobey, (1810) 96,—
his wife Elizabeth, (1816) 83. Amos Hawkes (1826) 94,— his wife Deborah,

32
11818) '83. Peter T, Smith, (1826) 96. Zacheus Allen, (1829) 93. Mrs. Eu
nice Stevens ( 1800) 96. Mrs. Sarah Swett, (1819) 92, Stephen Manchester,
(1813)92,— his wife Mary, 81. Mrs. Rachel Bufibm, 90. Thomas Bolton,
90 Mrs. Martha Mayberry, 90. Mrs. Anna Hawkes, (1797) 92. James
Hawkes, (1828) 93. Andrew Dennis, 90,— his wife Elizabeth, 84. Mrs.
Mary Cook, ,91. Israel Hodsdon, (1833) 91,— hi.s wife Mary, (1827) 81.
Georffe Crockett, (1834) 90. Zerubbabel Hunnewell, (1803) 89,— hiff wife
Hannah, (1791) 80. John A.Knight, (1834) 81. Robert Millions, (1816) 84,
—his wife Mary, (1820) 87. Mrs. Sarah Lowell, (1833) 84. Mrs. Sarah
Knapp, 87. Jonah Austin, (1834) 80,— his wife Sarah, (1837) 80. Nathaniel
Jordon, (1829) 84. Margaret Mugford, (1833) 81. John Stevens, 85,— his
wife Elizabeth, 84. John Brown, (1836) 80. Thomas Chute, (1770) 80.
William Mayberry, [C B] (1829) 84. Mrs. Ann Anderson, (1801) 85. Sam
uel Webb, 80. Mrs. Lois Graffam, (1804) 83. Mrs. Rebecca Hunnewell,
(1830)83. Bathsheba Mayberry, 85. Mrs. Mary Elkins, 84. Jacob Elliott,
(1819) 84. Mrs. Lydia Lowell, 84. Jonathan Stevens, (1821) 80. Jonathan
Hanson, (1818) 80. Isaac Hardy, (1821) 85,— his wife Susannah, (1822) 86.
John Webb, (1835) 85. Thomas Barker, (1806) 80,— his wife Eunice, (1809)
80. Elijah Pope, (1828) 85. Mrs. Elizabeth Southwick, (1818) 80. Abra
ham Osgood, (1816) 87. Paul Stone, (1831) 86. Richard Dole, (1825) 89.
John Mayberry, [B] 88. Mrs. Rachel Bolton, (1813) 84. Mrs. Hannah Han
son, (1827) 84. John Bodge, (1798) 84. Samuel Elkins, 84. John Morrell,
(1817) 85. Mrs. Elizabeth Crague, (1810) 83. Mrs. Jane M'Intosh, (1826)
^1. Joseph Riggs, (1806)86,— his wife Anna, (1812)86. Thomas Kenard,
(1818) 84. Elisha Handy, 80. Mrs. Mary Bolton, 88. Samuel Kenard, (1817)
85,— his wife Elizabeth, (1815) 83. Wm. Proctor, (1806) 84. Stephen
Hutchinson, 85,— his son Stephen, (1826) 85,— his wife Elizabeth, (1827) 85.
Lieut. Wallace, 80. Joseph Griffin, 85. Mrs. Anna Johnson, (1838) 87.
Mrs. Abigail Hooper, (1798) 80. Mrs. Ellen Holmes, (18a3)-8]. Robert
Mugford, (1781) 81,— his wife Mary, (1796) 80. Robert Mugford, (1836) 80.
John Ingersol, (1811) 81,— his wife Lydia, (1825) 85. John Chase, C1829) 81.

STATISTICS AND GENERAL REMARKS.
The town ofWindham coiitains2fil59-Qcres of land, — 2274 inhabitants, — 361 Dwellmg Houaea, viz: 280 of one rtory,
80 of two, and one of three stories, — 5 Saw Mills,— 2 Shingle Mills, — 2 Carding Machines, — t Ciotiuer's Mill, for fullhig'
and dressing c1olh,~-l Factory for man'u&ctiiTing woolen clolh, — 1 Mill for manufacturing chajrBlufT, — I for manuCictaring-
kega,— 1 for cleansing saltpeter, — 3 Griat Mills, — 10 Blacksmith's Shops, — ^7 Groceries, — 5 Taverns, and 2 Tanneries.
There are 16 Brick andS Stone Buildinge'in town. The public proiierty belonging to the ton-n, consists c'liefl; of a poor-
house, fnrm and buildings, puichased in 1835, and cost $2500,— a brick town bouse erected in I£33, cost $~50, it is 50 feet
long, 40 (eel Wide, and 13 jeet walls.
Windham is a good agricullural town. The inhabitants are chiefiy agrictilturaJists. The soil in the south part of the
town is a moist yellow loam, Tree from stones, based upun an understratum of clay, about one foot from the surtkce,— ths
north-west corner ofthe town is plains, and approximates to a sandy soil. There are inexhaustible quarries of granite ia
the Bouth part of the town.
, The oldest building now standing in town, is the dwelling house where Reuben Elder now lircG, — it was built by Thom-
as Mayberry, the jiear when built not known.
The oldest Musical Instrument in town (and by some supposed to be the oldest in the U. S.) ia a Spinet, made in Lon
don, by Tho^nas Hitchcock in 1390. It was formerly owned by the widow Wendall, the third wife of the Rev. Thomas
Smith of Portland, and is now owned by Mrs. Lucy Anderson, wife of Abxahum Anderson, and daughter of the late Rer.
Peter T. Smith.
Abraham Anderson, son of Abraham Anderson the fifth settler, in the 82 year ofhia age, is the oldest person now liviDg*
in Windham who was born in the town, and the only person now living whawas bom in theold fort.
The Rockameecootc tribe of Indians mentioned in this Address, are reported to have been & branch ofthe Si. Francois.
The Presumscot, so frequently mentioned in the preceding Address, is a noble stream j it discharges the watera of Lake
Sebago into the Atlantic! is aboui20 miles in lenglh, and lalls370 feetin its passage to the ocean. It makes (he entirt
boundary line between Windham and Gorham, and a portion of the boundary line iwtween Windham and Standtsh. It
has 13 falls of water suitable lor mills, viz: Wescott'B, Steep, Anderson's, Great, Whitney's, Dundee, Loveitt's, Gambo, »
Little, Horaebeef, Saccarappa, Congini and Preaumscot Fnlfs. The ten first mentioned, aru pnrtiy in Windham. " The
Presumscot has a very devfous channel with abrupt banks and numerous f.tll8 and rapids, which afford excellent hydraulic
powers for miUs and manufactoTiaa. " It deceives four tributaries on the Windham side, vis : Plcaaant river, Black, Cal
ley Wright's and Inkhorn brooks. Probably no stream in the State, of equal magnitude, ia so little affected tty IhiflhetB,
ice, andi];lroughiaj and therefore 80 salb for iqUIb, aslho Preiumscot. Pleasant river passes through the middle 6f iho
tosvn. Black, Calley Wright's apdlnkliom brooks arc in the south part of the town. They all run a southwest course
from their several sources to their Junction with the Presumscot. Pleasant river has many fella suitable (or mills and
fiictbries. There are several small ponds ofwatcr in the north part oftlio town. The Duck pond, on the east side of tho town, is
partly in Windham and partly in Westbrook. Little Sebago, in the north part of Windham, is a pond of considerable
magnitude, about one thiul of which is in Windham, Ihe residue in Gray. A piirt of this pond, about one mile In length
and one half mile in width, has been drained ol its waters. Col. Kdward Anderson cansed an artifit^al outlet to bo made .
from the south end of Little Sebago into Smith's brook, which empties into Pleasant river, for the purpose of supplying Iha
mills on the latter with an additional quantity of water. This outlot gratiuallj increased In am, fill two saw-railUwere
erected upon It. June 4, 1814, the water undemiinod the mill-dam, awepl it and tho mills Irom their foundations, disrupt-
pred thflbed of the stream, rent away with irresistible force the opposing barriers of nature, and forced its way into Pleas
ant river. In a few honrs Iho outlet was increased 50 feel in depth aniTaoo feet in width. Thus this body of water, which

had bean copfined within its native embankments fl-om time Immemorial, rapidly disanpearQd, and was soou Bwollowednp
in the waters of tho Atlantic. The sudden irruption of this great body oF water carrieffaway one saw-milL one erisVttiill,
and six bridges on Pieaaant river, and also Gamhoajul,Ba«ftbMUcid£e8 on thoPresnmSoot ; inundated the intflrrate sjid
-_. - 1... . ¦ - Plenaaii^4rar«ndiy - .. —
9 unna^AtM^ltn

; — I,"" r " 111 " ' " ^"~" '  I i^i  Mil -" —« • .i.H".iioMi-. , muiiunkvu M><) intflrraiB miu
low Innda, cnuiod Iho water to run up Plmiaim).*rer«Sdi»l»i triKwTeS^ttho Pnsumioiil, and made many who saw tlie
lawi of nature thu» revoriid, and ware \in«jfii|i»«MVllll'(\iV«»tliil!,'lleliWW>e world would come to an end before 1648.