YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
Bought with the income
of the
ALFRED E. PERKINS FUND

OLiVEFlp MORTON
COVERf.'OR OF INDIANA

THE

SOLDIER OF INDIANA

WAR FOR THE UNION.

" Let all the ends thou aimst at be thy country's,
Thy God's, and truth's."— Shakspeare.

15 *-^

INDIANAPOLIS :
MERRILL AND COMPANY.
1866.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by
Merrill and Company,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of Indian*

INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA:
STEEEOTYPED AJID PEINIED BT DOUGLASS & CONNEE.

WHO HAVE GIVEN MORE TO THEIR COUNTRY THAN THE
itlcrtbers, tX)io«s, anb Sisters
op the
SOLDIERS OF INDIANA?
TO THEM IS THIS EEGORD OF THE HEROISM OF
SON, HUSBAND, BROTHER,
DEDICATED.

PREFACE.
On July 10th, 1862, we issued a circular, which was mailed
to the officers of every Indiana regiment, soliciting such
information as would enable us to prepare a complete record
of the part taken by our State in the suppression of the
rebellion. In addition to a full narrative, we proposed to give
the names of all Indianians who had fallen in their country s
service, if not of all who had enrolled themselves in her
firmies. Circumstances delayed publication and also compelled a
modification of our plan, especially in regard to the cata
logue of names. The men of Indiana must blame their
own patriotism, so promptly, loyally and gloriously displayed
that it would require the compass of a cyclopedia to contain
individual names. At the same time it is gratifying to know
that, under the able supervision of General Terrell, a work
of the kind is now in process of publication.
"The Indiana- Soldier" was undertaken with the same
motive and the same ardor which impelled the citizen to enter
the army, but it has not been carried on with equal courage.
To write worthily of the cause may be as much less diffi
cult than to fight worthily as it is less glorious, but it is hard
enough, and too hard. The mere reading of hundreds of
hastily written letters is no small task, to say nothing of
reconciling incongruous and deciding between contradictory
statements ; but this is light in comparison with gleaning the
history of a regiment from most inadequate materials, and,
in turn, this and all other toil sink into insignificance when
weighed with the disappointment of failing to portray the

vi PEEFACB.
privation, hardship, sickness, sorrow, patience, fortitude, gal
lantry, devotion and whatever else there may be of hard or
noble, which enter into the soldier's life.
Unfortunately, the scenes and people of his home are the
favorite subjects of the soldier's correspondence, conse
quently letters do not occupy the space that could be desired
in our pages.
While we cannot deprecate all criticism, without throwing
aside all claim to merit, we yet, in view of the difficulties
and obstacles with which we have had to contend, and in
view of our earnest and honest desire to do justice to patiiot
and traitor, ask indulgence.
"We owe our thanks to the many who have aided us with
information, especially to soldiers who ha-ve given us narra
tives, to officers who have furnished us with reports, and to
parents who have entrusted to us letters and diaries of their
sons. It is with something akin to awe that we take in our
hands the sacred memorials of the dead. Written in the
camp, on the picket line, or on the battle-field, with the
smooth pen of the ready writer, or in clumsy characters and
stiff" style, on a fair sheet or a crumpled scrap, and tied up by
fond mother with ribbon, or with. yarn, they are all sorted
and folded with the same care, and sanctified by the same
tenderness and heroism.
With these words we give to the public this venture.
Though it might seem immodest, perhaps ungenerous, to
claim that our State, whose sons fought beside the sons of
all her loyal sisters, encircling the rebeffion with her regi
ments, is prima, yet we may be allowed to say, that, wherever
any of the sisterhood, emulous in valor, endurance and
devotion to the union of the States, made themselves conspic
uous, there proudly stood Indiana inter pares. MEREILL & CO.
Augicst, 1866.

THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA

WAR FOR THE UNION.

CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.
Indiana is a young State with forests yet uncut, with
swamps undrained, and fertile accessible soil untouched by
the plough ; but she encloses within her borders, and shelters
under her laws, a population of near a million and a half, — ¦
representatives of every country in Europe. The history of
Vincennes and Fort Wayne dates back to the time of Louis
le Grand, when missionaries and traders led small colonies,
and ambitious statesmen sent military forces across the ocean
and along the lakes to isolated western wildernesses for the
promotion of their several objects ; and to this day the cus
toms and language of the French of that period may be found
to some extent in the region of these towns. ^ Swiss have
cultivated the sunny slopes of the Ohio since the beginning
of the present century. Irish in great numbers have within
the last twenty years established themselves along the rail
roads and in centres of business. Germans, their thrifty hands
having gathered silver in city employments, possess and culti
vate farms in every county. English and Scotch give their
national peculiarities to many a small settlement. Norwe
gians and Laplanders sprinkle the northern districts. In
addition to these members of the Caucasian race numbers
of negroes live independently and somewhat lazily along Blue
River and in other comfortable regions, and a few Indians
fish, hunt, and do some small trading where through suffer
ance they remain.

2 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Beholding this motley population, the transatlantic stranger,
and even the friendly countryman from the western shores
of the unfriendly ocean, are ready to declare that Indiana can
have no oneness, and in consequence no distinctive character ;
that, with materials unfitted and unfitting if not mutually
abhorrent, she is and must long remain an unconglomerate
mass. The inference is incorrect. A large majority of the
population is of one stock, — the sturdy old English, — which,
under the stirring influences of the seventeenth century,
spread along the Atlantic coast from the bleak rocks of
Maine to near tropical regions. Through the vicissitudes
of time and repeated emigration, the characteristics of the
English of that period have been retained. Indomitable
energy, ineradicable love of home, unquenchable and deep-
buried enthusiasm, only called forth by stroke of steelj and
" that spirit of personal independence which may be sharpened
into insolence or educated into manly self-respect," are as
remarkable in the feller of Indiana forests, and the plough
man of Indiana prairies, as they were in the self-exiled Puri
tan or Cavalier ; — '- and they form the outline of Indiana as
they do of all American character.
The filling up of this fine hard English outline is the
material derived from the various sources alluded to, and
modified by as great a variety of circumstances. It is neither
mean nor common, nor is it Irish, nor German, nor Swiss,
nor Yankee, yor Southern. Like a grand piece of mosaic
in which all colors are united to the obscuring of none, and
the enhancing of the lustre of each, the typical Hoosier is
¦ dependent on every element for completeness, yet as a whole
is dissimilar to any part. He is sensitive, excitable, bashful,
and it may be boastful, enterprising, ardent, and industrious ;
yet, as a farmer, is apt to leave weeds in his fence corners, and
as a merchant dislikes to bother his brains with one "cent
calculations. He is no bully, yet is able to use his fist, and
if he is accused of lying, — the vice most repugnant to his
nature, — he loses not a moment in applying his fist in a free
fight. In early times when an application to law required
long and inconvenient journeys, he administered justice in a
somewhat summary method : giving notice to an individual

INTRODUCTION. §
¦who disturbed a neighborhood to remove, and if the notice
was disregarded, administering a hickory limb or displacing
a cabin roof. No other approach to mob-law has the genuine
indianian ever known ; even in the case of an obnoxious
neighbor his first impulse invariably was to join the weaker
party; and he gave it up only when satisfied that neither
justice nor generosity required its defence.
A decidedly religious stamp was given to Indiana charac
ter by the preachers of an early day, — often men of intellect
as well as zeal, who found their way to the backwoods and
preached Christ from a cabin-door, or from the shade of a
spreading beech, to the sunburnt men and women gathered
from the region round about. Many an old man now re
calls with a thrill the majestic or fiery eloquence of an Arm
strong, a Ray, or a Strange, as it rang through the Gothic
aisles of the primeval forest. To those fervid laborers was
it owing that the little church was erected as soon as the
log-cabin afforded the shelter of a home. The contemptu
ous application of " North C'lina Church " to men of noto
riously worldly or otherwise wicked chartioter, implies a clas
sification of a community which is significant of religious
character. Many of the early lawyers were men of rare wit and
literary attainments, but they did not, like their preaching
contemporaries, permanently influence the character of so
ciety. Indiana's resources for material wealth are va^t, and being
rapidly developed. Little distinction in the condition of
citizens exists. A man might perhaps number the rich on his
fingers, and certainly could the beggars, except such as the
Old World has sent over the ocean with cards certifying to
an escape from a shipwreck or a volcano.
No young State shows finer institutions of learning or of
charity. Yet many a boy never sees the inside of a school-
house, and many a man drops into the ballot-box a vote he
cannot read, and makes the cross instead of his name to a
deed of sale or purchase.
There are in every community men who seem to be
Nature's step-sons, rather than the sons of the bond-woman,

4 THK SOLDIER OE INDIANA.
— their hand against every man, and themselves the object of
every man's upraised hand or foot. They form that float
ing population which is invariably borne on the first wave
of the tide of civilization, and is the deadly foe to the true
precursors of progress, — the farmer, the peddler, and the
preacher. They form, too, that deposit which lies normally
at the base, but penetrates sometimes to the very top of
the mass of society. They are the fighting, hating, bitter,
grasping element, — aristocrats in one position, levellers in
another. The objects of their special hate in our western
world are three : the negro, the abolitionist, and, somewhat
inconsistently, the aristocrat.
The first murder in the capital of our State was commit
ted by a member of a small but notorious association called
the Chain-gang, formed for the purpose of spattering the
three objects of detestation with rotten eggs ; of giving them
nocturnal airings astride of rails, and of indulging in other
disorderly and lawless proceedings. The sight of a son of
a Philadelphia clergyman, — a young school-teacher who wore
kid gloves and fashionable pantaloons, in those days called
"tightSj" — inflamed the wrath of one of the Chain-gang to
such a degree that nothing but death could appease its in
tensity. He was ferryman, and one fair day pushed from
the shore of White River with the unsuspicious young gen
tleman in his boat. In mid-stream the offence was expiated..
The ferryman reached the farther shore alone. For this
most cruel deed the perpetrator suffered an imprisonment
of two years in the penitentiary. That pardon is more effec
tual than chastisement in the correction of crime, seems to
be a principle of Indiana officials, as such leniency is by no
means uncommon.
The last victim of these murderous rowdies was a negro,
who, on the Fourth of July, had the impudence to walk on
the pavement of Washington Street.
The links of the Chain-gang have long lain in the dust,
or rusted in the wilderness beyond the Mississippi ; but pas
sions do not die ; and in the far more pretentious and widely
extended Golden Circle we find a new embodiment of the
principle of the ancient Chain^ang.

INTRODUCTION. • 5
At the first election for Governor in 1816, on the admission
of the Territory of Indiana into the Union as a State, the
contest naturally turned on the question of slavery. Settlers
from free and slave States were about equal in number, but
the friends from North Carolina voted with the emigrants
from the eastern and middle States, and the anti-slavery can
didate was elected. As the question was entirely local, party
lines of distinction rising from slavery were soon effaced,
and slavery was for many years a subject of neither political
nor social interest. A certain soreness, however, was pro
duced, and kept alive, by the escape of a slave, at rare in
tervals, in or through Indiana.
In 1824 or 1825, an individual informed a handsome slave-
woman, Nellie, who was accompanying her master from
Virginia to Missouri, that Indiana was free soil. In conse
quence she refused to proceed on the journey, and the master
had resort to law. Judge Morris of Indianapolis, before
whom the case was tried, pronounced the woman free. Judge
Park of the Supreme Court, to which the exasperated master
appealed, reversed the decision. Meantime the woman had
fled, and she could not for several weeks be found. At last
she was traced to a cabin occupied by a widow, on the bluffs
of White River. The sheriff with his attendants appeared
unexpectedly at the door. Admittance was delayed, and
while they waited, the woman of the house, her head en
veloped in Nellie's bright colored handkerchief, sprang from
the back window, and ran like a deer towards the woods.
With a whoop and hurrah, like hunters when the game is in
sight, the servants of the law followed. The moment they
turned, the cabin-door opened, and with stealthy steps the
fugitive, guided by a young girl, the daughter of the kind
countrywoman, sought and found shelter in a neighboring
cave. But Nellie was betrayed. With twenty dollars the
sheriff" beguiled the girl to point out her hiding-place. Inci
dents of this kind, serving as they did to awaken sympathies
which otherwise would have lain dormant, were like drops
gathering for the long delayed storm.
From the time of General Jackson's election to the Pres
idency in 1828, party spirit became warm in Indiana as

6 THE SOLDIER OF. INDIANA.
everywhere else, although it was not until 1840 that national
politics exercised a controlling influence in the election of
State officers. During the following twelve years party spirit
ran with great violence ; but the defeat sustained by the Whig
party, not only in Indiana but throughout the Union, in
1852, terminated its existence. In 1854, the slumbering vol
cano, which had shaken the nation in 1820, and again in
1860, was a third time evoked by a repeal of the Missouri
Compromise. The fathers of the Republic, with the fact that slavery had
been forced upon them by the mother-country in spite of
clerical and legislative opposition fresh in their minds, and
incapable of imagining their descendants seduced into an
affectien for and an approval of so vast an evil, regarded it
as doomed to gradual extinction. The middle of the nine
teenth century found many willing defenders of what they
called a divine institution. The citizens of the free States,
opposed in principle and feeling to slavery, regarded it as
the charge if not the curse of the South, and as such were
un'willing to trouble themselves with it; and yielded again
and again to its repeated claims for protection. Many young
politicians, blinded by personal ambition, gave their voices
to the support of Southern views for the sake of obtaining
Southern votes. In 1820 the State of Missouri was given
up to slavery, freedom receiving from slavery in return the
territory north of 36° 30'. In 1854 slavery denounced the
existence of this barrier as a reproach and stigma, and in
sisted that the territory of Kansas which lay above the
slave line, and was calling for admission into the sisterhood
of States, should be received as a slave State.
Opposition to this demand united large numbers of Dem
ocrats and Whigs with the small party of Free-soilers, and
formed a new organization styling itself the Republican party,
which by force of circumstances was confined almost exclu
sively to the free States. A small party ignoring the slavery
question was organized, and called itself the Know-nothing
or American party. The old Democratic name was kept by
those who were in favor of letting the people of each Terri
tory determine what should be the character of its institu-

"^«

i mNONGKLIA

"'¦e.

TArroR !

INTRODUCTION. 7
tions as a State. This party carried the election of 1856
Indiana voting with it.
Emigrants poured into Kansas from the North, determined
that it should be a free State ; from the South, determined
that it should be a slave State. Civil war, with horrors and
outrages unparelleled, resulted. Prominent in this strife on the
anti-slavery side was an old man, who, two years later, was
to shake the nation from centre to circumference. This man,
hating slavery as a personal enemy which had murdered his
sons, as well as an enemy to human rights, conceived it his
mission to destroy the monster. With an adaptation of
means to the end proposed, worthy of insanity, he took
twenty-two men, five of them of the oppressed race, organ
ized in Canada a provisional government of the United
States, with himself as Commander-in-chief, and penetrated
to the mountains of Virginia, whither he had arms secretly
shipped to furnish those who should join him.
Sunday night, October 16, 1859, he seized the unsuspect
ing village of Harper's Ferry and took possession of the
United States Armory. The nation was astonished, electri
fied, at the boldness of the attempt. State and national
troops poured to the spot, but were held at bay by the old
man for thirty hours, when, having lost two sons and eleven
others of his twenty-two, and having been himself repeatedly
and seriously wounded, he was overpowered. The fanati
cism, as it was almost universally called, North as well as
South, of John BrownJ was equalled by the unflinching
bravery, sturdy independence, patient endurance, and grim,
puritanic piety which extorted the admiration even of those
who demanded and took his life as the expiation of his crime.
These traits were remarkably exemplified when the magnani
mous mother of Presidents carried to her bar on his couch
her wounded, helpless prisoner, — pushed on his trial with
unseemly haste to conviction and the death sentence, and
guarded the short remnant of the life allowed him, — which
common humanity would have deemed properly passed in
a secure hospital, — by thousands of her soldiers from the
danger of an imaginary rescue to the scaffold.
This was in December 1859. In less than eighteen months

8 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
regiments of United States troops marched through the
streets of the most conservative city of the North singing
to a wild simple melody —
"John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave,
But his soul is marching on ! "
The growth in the North of the sentiment of opposition to
the extension of slavery, together with the division of the
Democratic party, broaght about by those who have since
led in the attempt to divide the Union, insured the election
of a Republican President in 1860 ; Lincoln being elected by
a plurality 30,000 larger than elected his predecessor. The
vote of Indiana, one of the most conservative States, had
changed from a Republican minority of 46,681 to a majority
of 5,923.
Although a Republican President was constitutionally
elected, the judicial and legislative branches of the government
were in the opposition, and would have remained so through
his term of office, so that no offensive measures could have
been passed, nor even objectionable cabinet ministers ap
pointed. Not only this. Congress declared its willingness to
incorporate into the Constitution a clause utterly prohibiting
interference with slavery in the States.
The loyal States, together with those which were trembling
in the balance, sent delegates to a pacificatory convention
presided over by an Ex- President of the United States, who
as President having betrayed the party which elected him,
has since eclipsed his old disgrace by the crime of treason
to his country. Among Indiana's delegates to this conven
tion were Mr. Lincoln's Secretary of the Interior and General
Hackleman, who lately gave his life to his country on the
field of Shiloh.
But no honorable concessions could satisfy those who had
predetermined the destruction of the Government. They un
derstood better than the North itself the deep significance of
the election of Lincoln. It was an assurance to them that
a spirit had moved upon the face of the chaos into which
the political parties of the North had crumbled, and that they
must break or be broken upon the new creation. It was an
assurance that the power, which had not only filled the presi-

INTRODUCTION. 9
dential chair and courts of law, term after term, but had
underreached and overreached, had misconstrued and misap
plied the Constitution, until the simplicity and integrity of
that document seemed forever gone, had reached its flood.
And it was an assurance, — but even the far-reaching states
men of the South did not recognize this, — of the upheaving
of the heads of the everlasting rocks of justice, and of the
utterance of the long silent divine voice : " No farther, ye
waves of barbarism, shall ye go ! "
The politicians of the South had not waited for this hour.
More than thirty years every art known to them, — and no
politicians are so wily as those of a Repubhc, — had been used
to bring the Southern public into subjection to an oligarchy.
Society itself fi-om its very base passively seconded their
efforts. The upper, middle, and Jower classes which are
usually found in civilized nations, and which the most demo
cratic communities have never yet been able to abrogate, are
here merged into two, standing at a formidable and almost
impassable distance. The common saying that " poor people
are mean," harsh as may be the sentiment, is not incorrect
in the society in which it originated. The poor whites of
the South are monstrously degraded. Red-skinned savages
were never more malicious and bloodthirsty. In the older
slave States they are lazier and feebler than the correspond
ing class in the North : they submit without resistance to
kicks, cuffs, and blows ; but let them scent the negro or the
abolitionist and they are no longer listless and spiritless : their
sallow visages light up, their skinny fingers clutch the rifle
or the stone, and they are as keen as bloodhounds. Yet
wide as the barrier between them, the proud and selfish slave
holders, whose souls swelled with the endeavor to grasp the
aggrandizement a future, independent of the plodding North,
seemed to off"er, and the luckless, slaveless dwellers of sandy
or marshy regions, whose only foothold for pr-ide is the
inferior position of the negro, have one common ancestry, . —
for whether descended from convict or cavalier, their origin
is English ; as the harsh, coarse hate which distinguishes
both, if not peculiar to the Anglo-Saxon, is at least incon-
testably one of his characteristics, until eradicated by intel-
2

10 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
lectual refinement or religious principle ; and is so certainly
alien to the French that it can be no heirloom of the nohle
Huguenots who sought a refuge on the west Atlantic coast,
and who, excepting a few Spaniards, were the only other
white settlers. They had also one common ground of in
terest and affection, and they burned with one common desire
" to carry war to the densely populated cities of the North,
which offered food for the sword and the torch, and to make
the grass grow on the pavements now worn off by com
merce." * The stream of emigration which set in from Euro
pean shores early in the present century, carried a large pro
portion, especially within later years, of Irish emigrants to the
South, where the element of .disorder, inherent in the son of
Erin, readily assimilated with the revolutionary tendencies of
slavery — aristocracy and. objectless discontent.
Immediately after the election of Lincoln, South Carolina
with dramatic dignity announced her determination to secede
from the Union. Secession was assumed to be a Constitu
tional right, and the provocation sufficient to warrant the
assertion of that right. The North was incredulous and
amused. Amusement became derision ; derision intensified
itself to scorn, and scorn blazed into a vast indignation when
the little arrogant sovereignty officially and formally carried
her announcement into effect; and one by one nearly every
other slave State followed her leading.
* Speech of Jeff. Davis in Stevenson, Alabama, February, 1861.

THE UPRISING. H

CHAPTER II.
THE UPRISING.
April 12, 1861, the telegraph flashed through the Union
the intelligence that a United States fort on the coast of
South Carolina — Fort Sumter — was bombarded. No man
living within the limits of America will ever forget that des
patch. The old earth itself seemed to reel under a blow, and
no longer to afford a sure foothold. Through the long Satur
day that followed, business was at a stand ; business houses
were closed, and men with clinched fists and high-beating
hearts stood on the street-corners and at the doors of the
telegraph office. That night, from the knobs of the Ohio
to the sand-hills of Lake Michigan, from the Quaker towns
on the eastern border to the prairie farms on the western
line, the streets of Indiana were black with breathless multi
tudes still awaiting tidings of the seventy loyal men in an
unfinished fort, bombarded by ten thousand raging rebels !
When the banner appeared, — the banner which within the
memory of the present generation had only idly fluttered in
holiday breezes, — a new meaning seemed to stream from its
folds : hats were taken off as in the presence of something
sacred; and shouts, beginning, it might be, brokenly and in
tears, rose and swelled and made walls and skies resound.
At ten o'clock a despatch was announced : " Sumter has
fallen." Young men and men in middle life looked at the
¦white faces and wet eyes of old and venerated citizens who
stood in the street waiting for tidings, and a great stillness
fell upon all. They turned to separate and creep silently to
their homes. Another despatch ! " Mr. Lincoln will issue a
Proclamation to-morrow, calling for seventy-five thousand
volunteers." Cheer upon cheer, roar upon roar responded.
The white-faced old- men grew red : they stamped, pounded,
wept, roared with the loudest, wildest, and maddest. Good,

12 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
cold-blooded people who had gone to bed, sprang up, threw
open their windows, screamed to passers-by for information,
and joined, too, in the national shout.
Sunday the tidings and events of the preceding day and
night seemed like an insane dream ; and the crowd again
hung about the doors of telegraph and newspaper offices, but
with anxious sickening hearts they turned away, when the
night's intelligence was confirmed past the shadow of a doubt,
and laid their grief and dread at the foot of the God of Na
tions. The voice of congregation and choir this day reunited
in the utterance of national songs, and sanctified them.
Governor Morton's proclamation followed the President's.
Indiana's quota of the seventy-five thousand was six thou
sand. Governor Morton's proclamation was the blast of a war-
trumpet. The clerk dropped his pen, the woodman his axe,
the ploughman left his plough in the furrow, the machinist
his hammer beside the locomotive boiler ; and before the blast
had dipd away in the forest and over the waves of Lake
Michigan, fifteen thousand stalwart soldiers stood ready for
war. Gray-haired men who had thought themselves pre
pared to depart in peace prayed that they might be longer
spared. Not content with prayers, many a shaking hand
took down the rusted rifle.
" No, no. You have served your country long enough,"
replied a captain to an applicant who had fought in the
battle of the Thames. By dint of colored hair and beard,
one old soldier of the war of 1812 found his way into the
ranks, and was mustered in with men young enough to be
his grandsons. " If I were only four years younger! " sighed
Major Whitlock, the contemporary of General Harrison.
" Ninety is not too old in such a cause ; and the young people
know nothing of war. Fifty years of profound peace have
made no soldiers."
Men who had more money than muscle did not lag behind
in generosity. Winslow and Lanier of New York, the latter
formerly an Indiana man, offered Governor Morton twenty-
five thousand dollars. William Morrison of Indianapolis, one
thousand. T. J. Brooks of Loogootee, to Captain Kimball's
company, one thousand dollars. The Indianapolis Branch of

UNANIMITY OF FEELING. 13
the Bank of the State, donated one thousand dollars for the
use of Marion County volunteers and their families. Evans-
ville gave fifteen thousand dollars. Madison, six thousand
dollars. The little towns gave without stint to the families
of volunteers. Union City, with a population of less than
one thousand, and not a rich man in the number, gave four
teen hundred dollars. Noblesville, twenty-five thousand dol
lars, collected at an evening meeting, within a few minutes.
Cass County, six thousand dollars ; Elkhart County, eight
thousand dollars ; Greensburg, two thousand dollars ; Win
chester, almost one thousand. The limits of a Gazetteer,
alone, would suffice for a full enumeration. Farmers, -without
the slightest thought or desire for remuneration, bestowed their
best horses ; women robbed their chests of well-preserved
blankets, and, dropping household needlework, sewed day
and night on soldiers' shirts and drawers.
The legislature, which met in pursuance of a call from
Governor Morton, April 24, transacted business without the
utterance of a party-word. The officers in both Senate and
House were elected unanimously ; — perhaps the State- Houfee
of Indiana will never again present such a spectacle.
In agreement with a suggestion in the Message of Gover
nor Morton, arrangements were made for the disposal of sur
plus troops,'and an appropriation of one million dollars for
army purposes.
The volunteers, almost without exception, made pecuniary
sacrifices : leaving positions on railroads and farms, in shops
and offices, all of which were respectable, and if not lucrative,
were at least comfortable. They rose in haste at their coun
try's call, with no time nor heart to count the cost, but ready
to give all. Would the means be forthcoming ? Would the
way to action be opened? In the words of the adjutant-
general: "The citizens of Indiana, belonging almost exclu
sively to the agricultural class, had been devotedly engaged, —
since the earliest settlement of tho State, beginning with the
close of the war of 1812, — in the peaceful pursuit of clearing
away the forests, cutting roads, and in various ways devel
oping the vast resources of her fertile soil. Thus for nearly
fifty years peace had held her willing sway, until the convic-

14 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
tion had almost escaped the minds of men that every able-
bodied man in the nation was bound to do his country mili
tary service in times of threatened public danger. Probably
at no period in the world's history has a people been found
so little prepared for war."
The military institutions of Indiana consisted of a quar
termaster-general and an adjutant-general, — who filled the
offices for some such sum as one hundred dollars annually, —
and of a militia which existed only in name.
The preceding winter Hon. Lewis Wallace, now General
Wallace, drew up a bill modelled after the law of Massa
chusetts, and labored earnestly to have it pass the legislature
for the organization of State militia. It failed, and when the
outbreak came there were, perhaps, five independent compa
nies in existence. There was not a shotted cartridge in the
State ; not enough effective arms for a single regiment ; no
knapsacks, haversacks, canteens, — in short, a total lack of
camp and garrison equipage. The States are each entitled
to a certain allowance of arms ; but Indiana had made no
requisition on the Government, and in consequence had not
for several years received any arms.
The finances of Indiana were in a lower condition than
they had been for twenty years. The State treasury was
empty. The school-fund had been largely drawn upon to
defray the expenses of the Government, including the pay
of the legislature. Moreover the new governor had not been
elected to the office. It had fallen upon him because his
superior had accepted a place in the United States Senate.
His executive abilities were unknown. Under these circum
stances, it was a hundred-fold more difficult to raise means
for the subsistence, equipment, and transportation of six thou
sand troops, than it would have been to form an army of
twenty thousand men. But if any man in the United States
has a right to look the nation in the face and say, " I have
done my duty," that man is Governor Morton.
The day before the President's Proclamation was issued
he sent two agents to the eastern cities and one to Canada,
to make arrangements for procuring arms and equipments.
Immediately after the Proclamation he summoned Lewis

ORGANIZING. 15
Wallace, Esq., of CrawfordsvUle, to assume the office of
adjutant-general. Before the 27th of April the six required
regiments were organized and formed into a brigade, with
Thomas A. Morris, brigadier- general ; John Love, brigade
inspector with the rank of major ; and Milo S. Hascall, aide-
de-camp, with the rank of captain. These gentlemen were
all educated at West Point, ahd possessed of experience and
ability. They assembled the throngs of volunteers, who were
streaming to the capital from every part of the State, in a
beautiful grove north of the city, where for many years Meth
odist camp-meetings had been held; established a military
camp, and named the formerly sacred spot, in honor of the
governor, Camp Morton.
The regiments were numbered not from one, but from six,
out of respect, it was publicly said, for the five regiments en
gaged in the Mexican war, and for the purpose of preventing
historical confusion. It was privately suggested, that the
cause lay deeper in the unenviable reputation gained by the
Indiana Second in the Mexican war, — a reputation now
understood to have been undeservedly bestowed by Jeff Da
vis, in the selfish desire to exonerate himself and his Missis-
sippians. But not even a slandered number should be affixed
to an Indiana regiment. Not the stern Roman of unrivalled
renown was more jealous of his honor, than the young State
which had yet no history.
' The subordinate officers knew little or nothing of military
rules or discipline, but they made up in diligence for what
was lacking in intelligence. Men who had scarcely opened
a book since freed from the trammels of school, became vio
lent devotees to learning. Hardee's " Tactics " came sud
denly into requisition ; dictionaries, English and French, were
equally in demand. Pupils and teachers alternated ; and
every secluded spot in the neighborhood of Camp Morton
was converted either into a class-room or a private study.
Privates were often not more ignorant than their officers ;
yet being more numerous were the butt of many a good-
natured jest, especially the strapping farmer youths who were
following the plough in their bare feet when the war sum
mons came, and joined the ranks unshod. It was said, that

16 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
the technical terms " right and left " were entirely above their
comprehension, and that it was necessary to substitute the
familiar words "gee and haw."
Between the words traitor and poison there seems to be a
relationship, at least one is suggestive of the other ; and as it
was known that traitors existed even in Indianapolis, — al
though now the boldest traitor dared not utter a word in the
face of the tempest of public opinion, — rumors of poisoning
soon excited attention and suspicion. The power of imagi
nation was never better illustrated than by the sudden convul
sions into which some in camp were thrown, in consequence
of eating oranges and drinking water reported to be poisoned ;
and by the instantaneous cure effected by the sight of the
young post-surgeon coolly and with impunity partaking of
the poisoned fruit and water. Men were actually cast into
and snatched from the very gripe of death.
There was, however, genuine sickness in camp. The rough
impromptu hospital was soon filled, and one stormy midnight
a man died. Poor soul ; he had done nothing for the cause
which had stirred his enthusiasm, but then he had had no
long marches, no hungry days, no weary, sleepless nights,
no neglect and abuse as hundreds and thousands of others
have had who since have died like him seemingly to no pur
pose !
The President's Proclamation, which stirred Indiana and
all the North to their very depths, was to the unruly spirits
of Virginia and Maryland, which together encircle the Dis
trict of Columbia, what the spark is to the weU-laid train of
gunpowder. Without awaiting the action of convention or
legislature they threatened the capital, and made it necessary
to order troops to Washington immediately after an army
had been called into existence. In obedience to the summons
a regiment of Massachusetts soldiers arrived at Baltimore,
on the way to the capital, — April 19, as it happened, — the
anniversary of the day on which the first blow for indepen
dence was struck in 1775. A mob, excited to madness by
individuals who themselves remained quiet and undiscovered,
attacked the soldiers before they had left the train and while
they were stiU unarmed, and shed there, — in the streets of a

THE FIRST BLOOD. 17
city of Maryland, Massachusetts blood. Sacred blood! The
first to be poured out in the assertion of independence, —
the first in defence of the Constitution !
Five weeks later a whisper thrilled all the North, — a
whisper (for no man dared say aloud) that a Rebel hand
had fired into the heart of Ellsworth. Ellsworth was a poor,
laborious young student, and small was the circle of his
acquaintance; but with his uplifted hand tearing down, his
eager foot trampling on, the emblem of the traitor, his im
pulsive heart pierced and bleeding, he stood to the nation
a type of the greatness and the woe which now hung over
her youth.

18 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER III.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Virginia was dragged out of the Union. Her people were
opposed to Secession. When the Convention, elected by a
large Union majority to discuss the subject, passed the Ordi
nance of Secession, the State presented, what was now no
longer an anomaly, the spectacle of the executive officers of
the Government, elected by the people, on one side, and the
people themselves on the other. -Emissaries, however, with
arguments as various as the minds which form a community, —
a pistol ostentatiously worn, — a Minie ball, with a hole perfo
rated, tied to a button, — a promise of position or a specious
misrepresentation, — achieved unanimity of opinion in East
Virginia and in the Valley. But west of the Alleghanies lay
a district which defied treason, however it might be enforced,
or in whatever guise it might be arrayed. This region, in its
alienation from the older parts of the State, affords not the
least among the many striking proofs of the preservation or
restoration of mediaeval traits in the slave States. In Europe,
in those times when communication between lands separated
by mountains was so difficult as to be almost impossible,
nations lay side by side in entire ignorance — or in ignorance
enlightened only by travelhng monks — each of the laws, cus
toms, and language of the other ; even the same nation, divided
by the emigration of a colony, or a roving tribe, beyond a
mountain-chain, grew in its parts unlike and often inimical.
It might be imagined that, in our new country, time had not
sufficed to alienate any one portion of the population, espe
cially of the same . State, from any other portion. But with
the assistance of numerous secondary agents, not much time
is necessary to rust the strongest bonds of union.
Poor sons of Virginia climbed the Alleghanies, settled on
the Cheat, the Kanawha, and the Big Sandy, and grew to be

ESTRANGEMENT. 19
another people. In the course of time, it is true, two fine
roads were made across the mountains: the northern, over the
ti'iple ranges of Laurel Hill, Cheat, and Alleghany, from
Parker^burg on the Ohio, through Clarksburg, PhUippi, Buck-
hannon, and Beverly, to Staunton, in the Valley ; the southern,
from' Chjarleston across the Gauley to Lewisburg; but the
journey along these roads was long and laborious, and never
could be undertaken unless prompted by necessity or the de
mands of the warmest affection. No railroad to this day dis
turbs the old-time quiet which prevails in all but the northern
line of West Virginia. There wa§ little then of intercourse to
keep alive old affections, or to preserve old ties of any char
acter. M-uch, on the contrary, tended to dissimilarity in character
and estrangement in feeling. Scarcity of slaves obliged the
new settlers to regard free labor with favor. An abundance
of salt-springs, coal-beds, and oil-wells induced respect for
commerce and manufactures, and for mechanical and trading
intelligence. A magnificent railroad, the work of Nortbern
enterprise, in connecting the Ohio with the seaboard, unites
West Virginia with both. The rivers of West Vii-ginia rise
and run their whole course within her own borders, and all
flow into the fr'ee Ohio. The odd-shaped, prolonged district,
squeezed between Ohio and Pennsylvania, and called the
Pan- Handle, contains the busiest, most flourishing, and most
intelligent town in the State, and is full of emigrants and the
descendants of emigrants from New England, New York, and
Pennsylvania. Thus shut off in her youth by bulwarks and
fastnesses of nature's own engineering and handiwork from the
blooming valley and fruitful plains of Old Virginia, and con
nected by rivers, railroad, community of interests, and con
geniality of pursuits with the ready and enterprising North, it
could not be that West Virginia should remain indissolubly
attached 'to the East; and it is quite conceivable that even
before the Secession movement the two portions of the State
regarded each other with no friendly eyes.
Yet the new territory was proud of the grand old historical
name; and the Old Dominion appreciated a region which has
nowhere its superior, if its equal, in beauty, in grandeur, in
variety, and in capacity for wealth.

20 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
These last and only ties the hand of loyalty was forced to
cut. A Convention, representing the counties west of the
Alleghanies, met at Wheeling after the passage of the Ordi
nance of Secession, and honestly carried out the wishes of
the people. Consequently, twenty-nine counties of Virginia
remained true to the United States Government.
These proceedings vastly increased the disgust of the old
families of the East to the upstarts of the West, while they
did not at all diminish their appreciation of the remunerative
valleys and the tax-paying manufactories between the Ohio
and the Alleghanies. They sent politicians to pursue dili
gently and cunningly the work of conversion, while they lost
no time in preparing an army to take forcible possession.
It may be thought, from their loyalty, from their comparative
enterprise, from the small number of their slaves, and from
their freedom from the most vicious influences of slavery, that
the West Virginians are a peculiarly intelligent people. On
the contrary, while here and there are highly cultivated indi
viduals and families, large numbers of the people are very
ignorant, — victims of the hatred borne by the Southern States
to fr^ schools. At the taking of the last census, the Virgin
ians unable to read were reckoned at a hundred thousand.
The proportion of this number found in the Western valleys
is not small. More than four fifths of the men arrested since
the beginning of the war have been obliged to make their
mark, in lieu of their names, to the oath of allegiance.
There is a region in Randolph and Webster counties, along
the sources of the Cheat and the Holly, where are forests as
savage as the unexplored wildernesses of Oregon. There the
growl of the bear, the cry of the panther, and the bark of the
wolf are sometimes still heard, and the dreary owl nightly
wakes the echoes. Laurel-brakes stretch out like inland seas,
and with never-fading leaves and snake-like branches inter
laced, forbid a passage to even the light-footed deer; black
berry bushes extend miles in compact masses ; superb firs lift
up their crowned heads to the height of a hundred and fifty
feet ; and silvery cascades never cease their solitary murmur.
Scattered wherever a clearing can most easily be made, in
log-cabins, which bear a closer resemblance to wood-piles than

IGNORANCE. 21
to d\Yellings, live mountaineers to whom a newspaper is a
curiosity, a book a sealed mystery, a locomotive an unimagi
nable monster, and a telegraph wire a supernatural agency, the
touch of which might produce some indefinable evil. Even
a tallow-candle is not a familiar thing, and a slip of pine
lights the narrow precincts of the rude cabin, or pine knots
send out from the wide chimney a glare more brilliant than
the gas of cities.
A mountaineer, who had lived thirty years on one farm in
this district, was asked by our scouts the name of his county.
" Virginny ! " he answered, and was positively unaware of
the subdivision of a State into counties. Yet this man was
in as good circumstances, and seemed as intelligent as his
neighbors. At the same time an oM woman, with impertur
bable gravity, insisted that her family were neither Unionists
nor Secessionists, but Baptists.
Even when education laid hold of the elementary sciences
of reading and writing, it stopped short of grammar and orthog
raphy. Captured mail-bags exhibited curious and sometimes
incomprehensible imitations of sound. Neither profanity nor
treason are discoverable in a resolution to support the Seces
sion cause " as shure as goddlemity ranes."
Ignorance tells more painfully upon women than upon
men ; and the women are listless, hopeless, sallow, lean, gaunt,
and ugly beyond description. Were it not for a certain ex
pression of sad patience on their face and in their demeanor,
they could not but be objects of ridicule or disgust to the
stranger. Their morbid imaginations have long received with
ready credence the wild stories of Abolition cruelty passing
from mouth to mouth, and they have been taught to regard
Abolitionists as moral outlaws, violators of every social, civil,
and divine ordinance. Secession agents found encourage
ment in every secluded valley, mountain forest, or mossy vil
lage, and had no difficulty in convincing even voters, that, in
order to preserve the Union, it was necessary to crush Aboli
tionism, the bugbear which for the last thirty years has fright
ened the refractory into submission. A hundred young men,
who joined Wise from one district, were fully persuaded that
they were engaged in a crusade against Abolitionism, which

22 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
was seeking the destruction of the Government. But it is a
great and happy truth, that, while prejudice, suspicion, and
hate find a genial soil in ignorant minds, the principles on
which the good of humanity depends may be apprehended
by the plainest understanding. We find many a man, to
whom the alphabet is a mystery as occult as Egyptian hiero
glyphics, looking straight at the right in this question of
Secession and Union, recognizing his duty to the Government
and disdaining disloyalty.
By the orders of the Confederate Government, General
Garnett, about the middle of May, with a force of ten or
twelve thousand, took possession of the gaps in the broken
range west of the Alleghanies, called Cheat Mountains, and
advancing along the turnpike, established his head-quarters at
Beverly, a village on the eastern base of a long ridge parallel
with the Alleghanies and the Cheat, and known as the Laurel
Hill. From this point he sent detachments to various places
in the valleys of the Tygart and the Cheat rivers. The de
tachment stationed at Grafton, which commands th^ railroad,
ih a little while destroyed the bridges in the direction of
Wheeling. General McClellan, whose department included
West Virginia, immediately ordered troops to advance into
the disputed territory, and issued proclamations at the same
time to his soldiers and to the inhabitants. He declared to
the people that his army should respect property of every
kind, in no way causing or allowing the institution of slavery,
whether among loyal or disloyal owners, to be disturbed. His
proclamation to the soldiers closed with the noble sentiment
of mercy: " Soldiers, remember that your only foes are armed
traitors, and show mercy even to them when in your power,
for many of them are misguided." General McClellan was
warmly seconded by his subordinate officers, and as warmly by
the privates. Every man in the United States uniform, called
to West Virginia, understood that mercy and justice were to
go hand in hand, and had at the same time a proud satisfac
tion in marching to the relief of a gallant people threatened
with destruction.
May 27th, the First Virginia, a regiment which was raised
and offered to the President immediately after the Convention

WEST VIRGINIA. 23
at Wheeling had resolved that the counties there represented
should not secede, and two Ohio regiments, were ordered to
drive the enemy from Grafton. After some delay, caused by
the necessity of building bridges, they arrived to meet, instead
of a warlike, an enthusiastically friendly reception. — The
Rebel troops had retreated to Philippi.

24 THE SOLDIER OF INDLANA.

CHAPTER IV.
GETTING INTO ACTION.
Before Indiana's first brigade has entered upon its career
of danger and duty, it may be well to form some acquaint
ance with the colonels, the men on whom, perhaps more than
on any other, privates are dependent for health and comfort,
for mental and moral improvement, for success in the day of
battle and on the perilous march, and for safety when for safety
the soldier may blamelessly strive ; — and an introduction
to Indiana's first Brigadier-General may not be amiss. They
are all men in their prime, although Milroy, the oldest, bears in
his gray hair and in the number of his years, fifty-five, tokens
that he has passed the line we call ^he meridian of life ; and
Wallace, the youngest, does not yet count thirty-five, and in
his buoyant step and lithe form gives no indication of the
insinuating influences which in the maturity of years seldom
fail to steal away the spring and gush of life.
Thomas T. Crittenden, Colonel of the Sixth, was born in
Alabama, educated in Kentucky, and had his first experience
as a lawyer in Missouri. In 1846, when war was declared
between Mexico and the United States, he threw aside his
books, left a lucrative and rapidly increasing practice, and
enlisted as a private in the Second Regiment of Missouri
Volunteers, then commanded by Colonel Sterling Price. He
remained in the service until near the close of the war, re
ceived promotion to a lieutenancy, and was afterwards selected
by his superior officers to write a history of the regiment. He
became a citizen of Madison, Indiana, in 1848, and pursued
the practice of law with energy and success. His Southern
training gave him such an insight into Southern character and
views, that, while almost every other individual in the State
ridiculed the idea of rebellion, he acknowledged the danger,
and endeavored to rouse a general anxiety. As early as
January 1861, he organized a company and offered it to Gov-

DUMONT. 25
ernor Morton. On the 19th of April he went to Indianapolis
with his company, and shortly after was elected and commis
sioned Colonel of the Sixth Regiment. Crittenden is stout
and ruddy, frank, genial, and cheerful, with the comfortable,
friendly aspect and manner which distinguish the Kentucky
gentleman. Colonel DuMONT, of the Seventh, .»— sallow, lean, and small,
with an irascible, melancholy countenance, lighted up by a
keen, deep-set eye, and sometimes additionally illuminated by
flashes of dry humor, — is not only strikingly unlike the good-
humored, hearty Crittenden, but is a sort of contrast within
himself, and consequently has earned an unenviable reputa
tion for eccentricity. Few men laugh so heartily, yet few
look so morose ; few are so tender, almost none so harsh ; not
many are so generous, yet many are more kind. He has
attacks of devoutness which would lead one to think him
most reverent and pious, yet his most partial friends do not
call him religious. As lawyer, politician, and banker he has
shown shrewdness, industry, and remarkable uprightness.
He was born in Indiana, in Vevay, a little Swiss town on
the Ohio, — was taught principally by his mother, a woman
of genius, who, if she had not been absorbed by the cares of
a large family, and worn by the privations of a new country,
would have won enduring fame as a writer, — and studied law
with his father, a man also of ability, education, and refine
ment of feeling. Almost the first act of the son, however, on
arriving at maturity, was to announce himself a Democrat in
a pubhc meeting, to the great disgust of the old Whig, his
father, who immediately rose and stalked out of the house.
Although not a man of military habits and tastes, and so
under the infiuence of passing emotions that tactics and army
discipline can be anything but agreeable, he volunteered even
before the present war, and served honorably and usefully
under General Taylor in Mexico. Such of the circumstances
of war as touch a poetic fancy no doubt warmed his enthu
siasm, but patriotism was the main incentive, and he then
was as eager for the growth and glory of his country as he is
now resolute for its preservation. He was prominent among
the speakers the night of the announcement of the surrender
3

26 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
of Sumter ; and his eloquence, made up of mingled pathos,
wit, and denunciation, and uttered in a voice so peculiar that
it seemed to mock at his own feelings, drew tears and laugh
ter and shouts from his excited audience. He led the list of
offerings to the Government that night by the contribution of
a horse with a man on his back.
Colonel MiLROY, of the Ninth, is also a native of Indiana.
His father was so strong a Democrat in theory and practice,
that he had an unconquerable aversion to colleges, and obsti
nately refused the earnest entreaties of his son Robert to be al
lowed a liberal education, — entreaties to which the son added
an offer to relinquish all claim upon the paternal estate. The
boy was obliged to content himself with books at home, -with
which his father, with an inconsistent liberality, supplied him,
until he was twenty-four years old ; when, taking advantage
of a visit to some relatives in Pennsylvania, he pursued his
way to a military institution in Norwich, Vermont. A gener
ous uncle gave him pecuniary assistance until the sturdy Dem
ocrat at home relented. In 1843 he graduated, taking the
degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Military Science, and
Master of Civil Engineering. He travelled several months
in New England, teaching fencing and acquiring an acquaint
ance with Yankee landscape and character. In 1845 he
went to Texas and took the oath of allegiance to the Lone
Star, but after a few months returned to Indiana and settled
down to the study of law. He was a captain in the First
Indiana Regiment in the Mexican War, and when his term
of service expired, endeavored unsuccessfully to procure' the
acceptance of himself, with a company of mounted infantry,
to serve during the war, — making application first to General
Taylor, afterwards to the Governor of Texas and the Secre-
tary of War. Repeated refusals left nothing to the disap
pointed captain but to return home and continue the study
of law. He attended lectures in Bloomington, received a
degree, and was admitted to the bar in 1849.
Early in 1861 Milroy was convinced that war was inevi
table, and February 7th issued a call for the formation of a
volunteer company. Up to the fall of Sumter he succeeded
in getting but two recruits : Gideon C. Moody, now captain

WAXLACE. 27
in the Eighteenth Regulars and member of General Thomas's
staff in the Army of the Cumberland; and Albert Guth-
ridge, now captain in the Forty-eighth Indiana regiment.
While it was still dark, on the morning after the announce
ment of the surrender, with the Court-House bell, a drum
and fife, he roused and assembled the town of Rensselaer,
his place of residence, and completed the number before
breakfast. The same day he reported to Governor Morton
in Indianapolis.
There is something in the majestic figure of Robert Mil
roy, in the erect head, held often as if watching or listening,
in the fearless, restless eye, and gray hair turned back from
the narrow forehead, so suggestive of the cognomen his sol
diers have bestowed on him, that one is tempted to wonder
why even in peace he was not called the " Gray Eagle."
Lewis Wallace is very American in appearance. His
deep, flashing, black eye, straight, shining, black hair, and
erect figure, would be no discredit to the haughtiest Aborigi
nal; and the boldness and sharpness, vigor and delicacy of his
features, the insatiable yet controlled mental activity pervad
ing the whole man, and still more the shade of sadness, tinged
with scorn, resting on his face, and seeming to indicate a sort
of self-pity, perhaps because of the contrast between the
transitory nature of the goods of ambition or business, and
the ardor employed in their pursuit, decidedly stamp him of
the Anglo-American race, which, as a late English traveller
says, " loses in the second generation all trace of European
parentage," certainly the quiet and apparent stolidity of the
genuine Englishman.
Lewis Wallace handles the pen and brush with ease and
taste, and the lawyer's tongue, in his mouth, has lost none of
its accredited skill. But his genius is military. The clash
of arms enticed him, when he was scarcely past his boyhood,
to the fields of Mexico ; and the years spent in the exercise
of his profession found their choicest recreation in the drill
of a company of home-guards, to which he taught the ma
noeuvres of Napoleon's Zouaves. Like Dumont, he was edu
cated in the Whig party, of which his father was a prominent
and able member, and adopted Democratic principles when

28 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
he arrived at an age to vote. Colonel Wallace is a native
of Indiana.
Mahlon D. Manson, Colonel of the Tenth, was born in
Ohio. He had few opportunities in his youth for intellectual
cultivation, and is a self-made man, possessing that accuracy,
ingenuity, independence, and self-satisfaction which he, who
battles unaided with fortune and knowledge from his youth,
is almost certain to acquire. He has spent the most of his
life in mercantile pursuits ; but he left the counter and the
ledger in 1846 to engage in the Mexican War, and there
received the instruction and the discipline which were to pre
pare him for a more responsible position in a more important
conflict. In politics he was always an uncompromising
Democrat. He is a solid, substantial, good-humored man in
appearance, with very pleasant and popular manners.
William P. Benton was educated at Farmer's College,
Ohio. He studied law early, and is a well-read lawyer. He
showed his devotion to his country by sacrificing a large
practice in the wealthy and pleasant town of Richmond to
accept the charge of the Eighth. He is a safe, reliable man,
unostentatious and earnest. He has the ruddy hue and
rotund form of John Bull.
Indiana's first Brigadier- General is a man so quiet, so
grave, so almost stolid in countenance and demeanor, with
features so blunt, and coloring so dark and dead, that the
eye of the observer, after resting with pleasure on the gallant,
or animated, or thoughtful, or dignified colonels of his brig
ade, might turn %o him with something like displeasure, —
displeasure however to be swept away by a sure if slow
recognition of the reserved power in the steady eye, of the
gentleness and modesty eye and lip and life alike express.
He stood high as a West Point student, being mentioned with
honor in the report of the graduating class of 1834 ; and as
a business-man, a gentleman, and a Christian, his reputation
is unspotted. Indiana fondly and proudly speaks the name
of Thomas A. Morris, although his military history is sug
gestive only of him who is immortalized in the reflections of
the royal misanthrope of Scripture,— the poor, wise man, who
by his wisdom delivered a city, yet was remembered of none.

CALLED TO THE FIELD. 29
The Volunteers expected to be led off to battle, to a
battle-ground at least, as soon as they enlisted; in conse
quence, they bore with extreme impatience the delay and the
confinement and preparation in Camp Morton. Nothing was
easier with their stalwart limbs and brawny fists than to
fight; nothing harder to practise or endure than the monot
onous manoeuvres of dress-parade. Officers were not less
impatient than privates, and earnest solicitations were for
warded to the President and General Scott for permission
to move the Indiana forces toward the East. At length
General Scott gave orders for the immediate removal of
the Sixth,. Seventh, and Ninth regiments to West Virginia.
It is impossible to describe the delight afforded to the desig
nated regiments by the announcement of these orders. The
long tedium broken, the dull monotony dispelled, the door to
action opened and the way made clear, life seemed, to have
a greatness hitherto unknown. The Volunteers felt that they
were born for this day, and for the proud work of redeeming
their country.
May 29th, the Seventh and the Ninth left Indianapolis.
The Seventh was composed of men chiefly from the river
counties. The Ninth was generally from the northwest. One
of the privates in the latter regiment was a senaj:or, and
several were representatives in the legislature. May 30th,
the Sixth followed. The Sixth was from the east and south
east counties ; some Kentuckians, attracted perhaps by the
name of Crittenden, one of their favorite statesmen and
the old friend of their especial pride. Clay, had joined the
standard of his nephew. It is said that one walked a hun
dred and twenty miles for the purpose. When the friends
and relatives of the Volunteers in Madison were shaking
hands and bidding good-bye, he said, sadly : " I 've no one to
say, 'God bless you!'" Instantly a hundred hands were
extended, and a hundred "God bless you's" were uttered.
As fife-major in the Sixth went an unmusical young
physician who had performed the duties of surgeon in camp,
and had expected the position of assistant-surgeon in the
field. But while he was practising in the hospital, somebody
else practised in the Governor's mansion and obtained the

30 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
place. Disappointed, but with undampened resolution, he
applied to each regiment for admission as private, without
being able to find a single vacancy. At last Colonel Critten
den kindly discovered that the Sixth was in need of a fife-
major, and, without a very scrutinizing examination, intro
duced the applicant to the situation. The talents of the
young doctor soon made his services in other quarters not
only acceptable but needful, and he had but one march at the
head of his regiment as fife-major.
On the route through Ohio, the troops met with welcoming
honors, which would not have been inappropriate if bestowed
upon returning victors. Dinners, breakfasts, and suppers were
prepared for them ; flowers were showered on them ; speeches
were made to them; ladies wept at the sight of them; old men
with outstretched hands called down blessings upon them;
infants were held above the heads of crowds to look at them.
No act that rapturous enthusiasm could prompt was omitted.
The Ninth reached Grafton on the evening of the day on
which the Ohio and Virginia troops arrived, and participated
in the noise and joy of the welcome. The Seventh came the
next morning ; the Sixth was delayed by broken bridges, and
Colonel Crittenden reached Webster, a few miles west of
Grafton, not until the evening of June 2d. But four com
panies were with him, the remainder of the regiment having
been left on the Ohio, to attack a little town where a muster
of Rebels was reported.
From Grafton the Confederates had retreated to Philippi,
a little town on Tygart's Valley River, and surrounded by hills
capable of being easily and strongly fortified. With the pol
icy of exaggeration they have never hesitated to pursue, they
gave out, and their friends industriously spread the report,
that their number amounted to not less than three thousand.
It did not in reality exceed fifteen hundred. General Morris
arrived at Grafton on the evening of June 1st, and found
that Colonel Kelley had organized an expedition for that
night against Phifippi. After a full conference with Colonel
Kelley, he deemed it advisable to postpone the attack until
the following night. The next morning Colonel Kelley re
ceived orders to take six companies of his own recriment

NIGHT-MARCH. 31
nine companies of Colonel Milroy's, and six companies of
Irvine's Sixteenth Ohio, to proceed on the railroad to a point
six miles east of Grafton, and to march by the shortest and
best route to Philippi. He must arrange his rest at night in
such a manner that he could be sure of coming before the
town at four o'clock next morning. Accordingly, at nine in
the morning Colonel Kelley moved off in the direction of
Harper's FeiTy. The spies, who were numerous and active
in Grafton, understood the movement to be against Harper's
Fen-y. General Morris then organized another attacking column
under Colonel Dumont. It consisted of eight companies of
the Seventh, to be joined at Webster (a point a few miles
southwest of Grafton) by five companies of Ohio Volunteers,
commanded by Colonel Steedman, and two field-pieces, to be
under the especial charge of Colonel Lander,* who volun
teered his services ; also by four companies of the Sixth In
diana. They were directed to reach Philippi at precisely four
o'clock. This column left Grafton after eight in the evening,
and at Webster found the expected troops, Colonel Critten
den having just arrived from the west. The darkness was
intense ; rain poured down in torrents ; mud was deep in the
ravines, slippery on the hill-sides ; the distance was twelve
miles. Circumstances could not be more untoward. But it
was the long desired moment for action, and the troops
started out gayly. All night they trudged up-hill and down,
- drenched and dripping. The last five miles were made in
one hour and a quarter. Many men fainted and were left
on the road. Others threw away their haversacks and pro
visions, and with desperate exertions kept from falling behind.
At daylight Colonel Dumont was heard shouting, " Close
up, boys ! Close up ! If the enemy were to fire now, they
could n't hit one of you ! " The order was well-timed ; — the
boys closed up and cheered up.
As they approached Philippi, they could perceive no evi
dences of the arrival of Kelley's detachment on the other side
of the town. The infantry was ordered to halt, the artillery
to advance and get the guns into position. Scarcely had this
* Colonel Lander was Aid to General McClellan.

32

THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

disposition been made when the pickets of the enemy com
menced a brisk fire from, the heights immediately above the
town, and from the woods and bushes on both sides of the
road. Colonel Lander opened fire. The pickets ceased.
Nothing now obstructed the way. The troops waited a mo
ment for orders ; and as they waited, perhaps there was not a
man whose eye did not glance with admiration upon the rare
beauty of the scene spread below, — a green valley, encircled

lOhLoSttt.,,,, .^<^

'fik

^y/.

.¦¦^ .#„

'%;,.0f^^lllf^ "''¦'¦

by forest-crowned cliffs and watered by a windino- river, a
little scattered village, and a snow-drift of tents on'^the dark
sward. The pause was but momentary. With a wild, ring
ing cheer, the infantry, the Seventh in advance, rush(^d down
the hill, through a narrow bridge, three or four hundred feet
in length, which spans the river, dashing aside a barricade
of boards as if it were of wicker, and poured on towards

SAUVE QUI PEUT! 33
the Rebel camp. Unable to withstand the fascination of the
shout and the race, the spirited, though moody, Lander left
the artillery and urged his gallant gray down tihe rocky
heights in front, with a temerity rivalling that of the old
Putnam of Revolutionary times.
At this moment an answering shout was heard, and Colo
nels Kelley and Milroy were seen on the brow of the hill
southeast of the town. In spite of a twenty-five mile march,
the last few hours through mud and rain and darkness, down
dashed the new-comers straight on to the Confederate camp.
Unfortunately, their delay, though of not more than fifteen
minutes' duration, left open one road. Toward this only door,
out of the trap, without one attempt to get into line of battle,
the whole body of Confederates turned face and foot.
" Great on a run, if not much for a fight!" muttered Colo
nel Dumont, as he reined in his horse and cast his eye over
,the scene.
Pell-mell, helter-skelter, without boots, without hats, with
out coats, without pantaloons, through the town, up the
southern road, over the wall of hUls, away they fled, inconti
nently, ingloriously, ignominiously. "Shirt-tail retreat!" No
other thing with so mean a name ever inspired so glorious
a pursuit. On, on came the Union troops, so tired an hour
before they could scarcely lift their mud-encumbered feet,
now fresh as pointers starting up the game. On they came,
shouting and yelling, pell-mell, helter-skelter, up the height,
down the height, and scattering through the wood. Peremp
tory orders at length recalled the unwearied Seventh, and
stopped the ardent Ninth. The Sixth, too much fatigued
to join in the pursuit, had quietly taken possession of the
camp. The immediate results of this affair were the capture of
twenty-five thousand dollars' worth of goods, 'including a
train, which had just arrived, with fifteen boxes of flint mus
kets ; a number of banners, one of which was a splendid
blue silk, presented by the ladies of Bath County two days
before, and still redolent of exhortations to bravery and vows
of fidelity ; — killed to the number, it was supposed, of forty ;
a few prisoners ; and such an inauguration of the campaign

34 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
as greatly discouraged one side and proportionably encour
aged the other.
One of the prisoners was taken in a somewhat singular
manner. Some half-dozen soldiers were thrusting their sharp
bayonets into a pile of hay, when a lawyer by the name of
Martin, the private secretary of Colonel Porterfield, the Con
federate commander, issued from under it in mortal terror.
Assuming a composed and candid countenance, he declared
that he had been thinking very seriously v^'ithin the last few
minutes about this secession movement, and was now ready
to take the oath of allegiance. No Union soldier was killed,
and but two wounded, — Colonel Kelley and a private.
More than three fourths of the inhabitants of Philippi had
fled, but their property was scrupulously guarded. A beau
tiful watch, found in a hastily-vacated house, was returned
to the owner, who was a lady, with the following note: —
" Our soldiers love and admire women. We come not to
plunder, but to protect, and to crush rebellion. My kindest
regards." Signed, " A soldier of the Ninth Reg. Ind. Vols,"
The tidings of the aff'air of Philippi excited an interest in
Indiana, as the fijst encounter, if encounter it could be called,
with the Rebels, scarcely less intense than that produced later
by the important battles of Stone River or Gettysburg, and
penetrated with little delay to isolated farms and dwellings
whither letters and newspapers seldom find their way.
One day in June, a lady with her family was slowly as
cending one of those long, lonely hills which the Blooming-
ton road through Morgan County so often climbs, when she
was accosted by a pale, sad-looking woman, who asked for a
newspaper. " I have none," said the traveller ; « but why do
you want a paper?" " I want to read about the battle of
Philippi," answered the anxious woman ; " I don't know the
particulars yet, and I have two sons in the Seventh."
The traveller immediately gave the sti'anger a seat in her
carriage, and as they drove leisurely along, related all she
knew of the battle and of the regiment. In return, the coun
try woman gave an account of her sons, how they were away
from home at work on a neighbor's farm when the call for
soldiers came. It was on a Saturday. The younger put his

THE SOLDIERS' MOTHER. 35
name down first. He was a good boy, but he was thought
less; then, too, he had a weak chest, and who knew what
he might have to bear of cold and hardship ! So the elder,
part for his country but part for his brother, enlisted too. He
was twenty years old, steady and religious. She was not
uneasy about him, nor about the younger either, for had n't
he his brother to take care of him, and was n't it in a good
cause? They did not come home Saturday nor Sunday;
she reckoned they could not tell her; and they went away
Monday without ever saying good-bye, — only in a letter
which somebody brought her the same morning. From In
dianapolis they sent her their " profile " ; and they wrote
another letter, which the mother repeated word for word, be
ginning with the date, and ending with, " Yours till death."
" I wander around these hills," she said, " day and night,
thinking about my two boys, for they are all I have, and
wondering if they will ever come home again."
The travellers had now reached the woman's house, a little
cabin, near a hazel thicket by the roadside, and they left her
there ; but many a time since they have recalled the plain
tive voice and lonely wanderings of the soldiers' mother.
General Morris hoped to atone for the escape of the Con
federate force from Philippi by resuming the pursuit, and
continuing it until the enemy had either been defeated in
battle, or driven beyond the mountains. But with a force
of little more than six thousand, a large portion of which
must guard the railroad and its two branches ; with insuffi
cient funds ; without quartermaster or commissary ; and
under the necessity of giving a careful and impartial ti'ial
to numerous prisoners ; it was impossible for him to make
any movement. Assured that the troops in Camp Dennispn
and Camp Morton were suffering from inactivity and disap
pointment, he requested reinforcements. General McClellan,
embarrassed by the want of wagon-trains and by his want
of confidence in undisciplined Volunteers, felt it impossible
to comply. Morris therefore continued at Grafton, and did
all that was possible under the circumstances. Mounted
scouts, few in number, but active and efficient, scoured the
country in search of Rebel citizens and spies. Captain Tripp,

36 THE SOLDIER OF INDLANA.
of the Sixth, headed a particularly efficient body of scouts.
Forces of fifty or a hundred were frequently sent t6 disperse
parties gathered for musW. Prisoners generally professed
themselves willing to take the oath of allegiance ; and they
received without compunction the forgiveness of the lenient
Government. They were also often the recipients of simple
and earnest instruction in regard to their duty.
The Confederates were thoroughly dissatisfied with the
inauguration of the campaign in West Virginia, but they
saw with surprise and pleasure, and proceeded at once to
take advantage of the enforced inactivity of the Federal
troops. They brought reinforcements through the Cheat
Mountain passes, and rapidly concentrated at Beverly and at
Huttonville. In the Laurel Hill Range they built fortifications
of great strength. The northern and principal, called Laurel
Hill Camp, formed the head-quarters of General. Garnett.
The southern, under the command of Colonel Pegram, was
established merely for the protection of Garnett's rear. The
forest from one camp to the other, and stretching away
along the mountains, was alniost unbroken, and so dense
that an army supplied with provisions might lie here months
undiscovered. Even this wilderness was penetrated and its
depths revealed by Morris's scouts : horsemen, where the
thickets were accessible to horse ; footmen, through every
glade and glen, in every copse, on every rock, scanning the
enemy's strength from overhanging cliffs, listening to the talk
of Rebel sentinels, and entering the very precincts of the
Rebel camp. The following narrative illustrates, better than
any description of a third party, the danger, daring, and toil
incident to a scouting expedition. SCOUTING.
narrative of w. b. e.
' June 27th, a man was wanted who would visit the Rebel
camp at Laurel Hill Mountain, to get the position and num
ber of the enemy, — also the fortifications, of which we had
heard much from the country-people. I volunteered and was
accepted by Colonel Dumont, then in command. I left head-

SCOUTING. • 37
quarters at nine p. m., with a rough but honest specimen of
Virginia backwoodsman for a guide, De Hart Wilson by
name. His father was then a prisoner for Union expressions.
We were clad in the guise of farmers. Colonel Crittenden
furnished us with horses as far as Buckhannon Bridge, where
we were to leave them with our scouts who were out on
that road. The moon was bright. At eleven, two hours
after we started, we were halted at a little church by our
scouts. We asked for an escort as far as the bridge, but the
officer in command refused it, saying the bridge was full of
Rebels. One of his men rode up and said, " Captain, I will
go with them to the bridge, and bring back their horses."
" All right. If you were not an independent, I would not
let you go. But don't go beyond the bridge with the horses."
The brave and kind offer of the stranger touched my heart.
I had never before seen him. He had a well-worn hunting-
shirt, belted about his waist with a raw-hide thong, from which
hung a long duelling-pistol. An old felt hat, full of holes,
was thrown on his head as if by chance, and seemed ready
to fall off. His little black eye was sunken beneath a heavy
eyebrow and a massive forehead. His black hair was cut
short. His blacker moustache and beard were heavy, but
neatly trimmed. Above all, his riding was peculiar, easy, and
balanced as if he were part of his horse, and light and grace
ful as the swinging of a canary bird in the ring that hangs
in its cage. He said not a word until we arrived at the
long dark bridge. Here he stopped. " I am sorry ; but my
orders. Look out, fi'iends. Enemy near. Lose your heads."
" Don't fear for us," said I, " the d — 1 take the hindmost ! "
" Good-bye ! God bless you ! " returned he. I felt queer at
this from so rough-looking a man. " What 's your name ? "
I asked. " Len' Clark," he answered, as he turned his horse
toward Philippi.
Wilson and I crossed the bridge, and hurriedly pursued our
way along the road, occasionally stopping to listen for Rebel
scouts, but not speaking a word. The moon still shone,
lighting up the gloomy arches of the forest. After walking
six miles, we left the road, and without pausing took a west
ern course through the wilderness. On we went, in pathless

38 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
woods, through ravines tangled with azalea, whose perfume
hung heavy on the midnight air; up the craggy mountain
side, saturated to the skin with cold dew; on through the
laurel thicket, scaring the whippoorwill from his home ; over
the mossy trunks of fallen forests ; down the steep bluffs ;
wading cold streams; on we went all night long. Near
morning the guide hesitated, and at length acknowledged
that we were out of our course. We threw ourselves down
on the pine logs, and took an hour's rest.
Just at daybreak we heard a cock crow, and following the
direction of the shrill clarion, we found a little farm-house.
We roused the frightened farmer, and Wilson inquired the
direction to Coon Carpenter's. We learned the course and
were off at full speed, for Coon Carpenter was a Union man,
and it was necessary to reach his house before sunrise. In
passing over a farm, two men saw us, and immediately hid
themselves in the woods. The Rebel camp was within seven
miles of us, and the people who professed Union sentiments
were very shy, sleeping in the woods in the daytime, and
only at night daring to come out of their mountain hiding-
places to visit their families. Everybody was suspicious of
strangers. We crossed the farm of an old Dutchman, by the name of
Rohrbach, and, wanting further information, we concluded to
make a halt at the rear of his cabin. Two half-black, half-
yellow, half-starved Virginia 'coon dogs came at us. Their
barking brought Mrs. Rohrbach to the door, where she took
up a position she seemed inclined to keep, while she with
frightened look surveyed us. She was six feet long, with an
iigly> angular face, the color of putty. Her nose was long
andtnin. Her mouth was like a gash in a frost-bitten
squash; ffopping open, it revealed three long front teeth,
blackened with smoke and calomel. On each temple were
three little, flat, blue-colored curls, which seemed to have
been made and put there under the pressure of a ton to the
inch. She had no other hair or hairs on her head. A black
clay pipe, with a long cane stem, was held tightly, upside-
down, between her snags. Her eyes resembled two larc^e
pewter -buttons, dipped in lard. Her frame was the onty

MOUNTAIN CABINS AND PEOPLE. 39
thing she retained of what may once have been a good-sized
body. I describe Mrs. Rohrbach so minutely, because she is
rather a type of a West Virginia wife at middle age. We
asked for her husband; she answered, interrogatively: "I
reckon you don't want to hurt him ? " We didn't wish to
hurt him. She pointed to a field with her long, bony finger,
and there we soon found Rohrbach. He was a quiet old
Dutchman, as ugly as his wife, whom, he said, he married
for " use, not looks." It was now only half-past four in the
morning, and he had been ploughing some four hours by moon
light, with his oldest boy. Two smaller tow-heads, dressed
in dirty homespun shirts and ragged pants, were stationed on
the fence at either end of the field, to tell the old man if any
Rebels or strangers were approaching, when he would make
tracks for the woods.
After some conversation, in which we learned that the road
to Carpenter's was scouted by the Rebels, and that they had
been at his house last night, we proceeded with caution on
our journey, and arrived within an hour at Coon Carpenter's.
Coon lived five miles from his nearest neighbor. His farm is
a specimen of the middle class of Virginia farms. It is a
small opening in the forest, from which the trees have been
"deadened," and is secluded from all the world. A few acres
of Virginia wheat, a few of corn, and a tobacco patch, are
surrounded by a rickety rail-fence, in the corners of which
weeds most do flourish. Another space, fenced in and called
the " Dead'nin," is used to pasture two or three old horses ;
one or two colts ; mane and tail matted with burs ; half a
dozen sheep; and a cow. A few long, land-pike, blue pigs
run at large. The cabin of Coon is, like all Virginia cabins,
composed of rough logs, sticks, pins, and mud.* Inside are
two huge feather beds, under which are a trundle-bed, boxes,
and all the odds and ends of the establishment. The window
(there is not always a window in these mountain cabins) is
small ; the fireplace large. A gun-rack, made of antlers, is
over the door. A shelf of rough boards supports the meagre
store of blue or red china.
* Many of the backwoods cabins are built without the use of iron fasten
ings, such as nails, screws, &c.

40 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Coon Carpenter and son are both Union men. Coon is tall,
and about fifty years of age. His son much like him, and
half his father in years. Both were barefooted, unwashed,
homespun men. Not a member of the family can read or
write, and no books or papers are seen about this primitive
house. The boy calls the father " dad," and the man calls
the boy " sonny." The mother and daughters are wild, shy
people, say nothing, but stare suspiciously. Women never
enter into conversation, in the company of strangers, and
never sit at the table with them.
We took breakfast, ham and ash-cakes, and after procuring
some tobacco, completed our journey in another five miles,
making a distance of thirty-five miles in ten hours, including
the rests. We were now a mile and a half from the Rebel
camp, at the house of Mr. Stephens, a good and remarkably
shrewd Union man ; and Wilson left me to visit his mother,
who lived some two miles north. Mrs. Stephens called her
two little boys from the cornfield, and directed them to keep
a sharp lookout. If they saw any one coming, they were to
whistle, but not to run to the house. She sent two wild-
looking girls to watch from a neighboring hill. They were
to pretend to pick strawberries, and if they saw any of the
Rebels coming over the river, they were ordered to walk slowly
homeward. After these directions were given, I was shown
to an old gum,* into which I crawled. Overcome with
fatigue, I soon fell asleep. At three p. m. I awoke refreshed,
but sore from my hard journey. My guide had not returned,
neither had Stephens, who was hid in the woods ; so, after
eating some corn-bread and wild honey, I started with a little
boy seven years old as a guide to Wilson's house. We were
obliged to keep in the woods, away from all paths, for fear
of meeting strolling parties of Rebels. Such a thing as a
wagon-road could not be found on that side of the Beverly
pike. A slight fall of rain had made the leaves damp, and
we could walk with less danger of attracting attention, which
was important, as we were now within the line of the Rebel
pickets. I noticed that my little guide broke twigs from the
^ * A section of a hollow tree, as large in circumference as a hogshead, but
higher, used by country people to put grain in, or to stow away meat.

OWLS. 41
overhanging boughs to mark the way, so that on his return
he might not get lost. He left me near the home of Wilson,
which was a very good double log cabin. I climbed into a
service-tree, and gave the signal we had agreed upon : three
deep, hollow hoots like an owl. An answer came from the
woods back of me. It was well for me that I did not ap
proach the house, for in it was a company of Rebel officers at
dinner. Wilson had fled at their approach, and was hid in
the woods, waiting their departure.
It was growing late, and we went off through the valley
to the east, and climbed a bluff" on the banks of Valley River,
from the top of which I could look into the Rebel camp. I
saw tents and horses and men, — men drilling, men working ;
I saw riffe-pits and fortifications, on which I could distinguish
guns mounted ; and I saw the flag, the stranger and traitor
to my soil, flaunting freely in the mountain-breeze. Now,
first, did I realize that war existed in my own country.
My guide left me to make observations, and to keep watch.
He was to come back at sunset. The Rebel camp was
perhaps five hundred yards in a direct line below and to
the east. The rain caused a fog in the valley, and put an
end to my observations for the night ; so I returned to the
woods below, hooting occasionally, but getting no reply. It
now began to rain very hard, and grew quite dark. I took
shelter on the dry side of a leaning oak, not far from a bridle
path, and sat quietly listening to that lonesome mountain
warbler, the wailing whippoorwill, whose notes send a pecu
liar thrill through the heart of the wandering scout. Soon
I heard the tramp of a horse ; nearer, the occasional clank of
a sabre ; nearer still, voices : " I say. Sergeant, this is a wild-
goose chase. Hart Wilson left these parts more than a week
ago." " We are in for a wetting to-night." " No danger of
Yanks along these roads, anyhow."
Soon the sounds grew indistinct and died away altogether
in the valley below. Six Rebel horsemen had passed with
in ten steps of me. I feared they might find Wilson at
home, for they hated and dreaded him ; and I renewed my
hooting. No answer but the dropping rain on the thick
roof of leaves overhead. I started off in the dark, forded the
4

42 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
river up to my arms, and followed up a little creek till in
fuU view of the smouldering camp-fires. I could hear the
sentinels, relief-guards, whistling and laughing at the guard
house. I could see a light in the house, Mustoe's, which I
supposed was used as a hospital. I was about to go nearer,
when a sentinel passed me, yawned, and struck his musket
on the ground.
This trip cost me many hours, and brought me nothing ;
for although almost in among their tents, I could see noth
ing of importance, and it took me until daylight to get back
to the cliff. In the early dawn I found my way to Wilson's,
and hooted him out. He invited me in, saying that he was
hid near the house till two a. m. ; that from the action of his
dogs he thought some one was watching him, but when day
dawned he found the coast clear. I went in, took some
breakfast, and was soon sound asleep ; but, for the first time
in my life, in a cellar !
At nine a. m. I went once more to the bluff, climbed a
tree, and made drawings of the camp and country. At half-
past ten started with my guide to Coon Carpenter's, where
we found that the Rebels were on our track. We also learned
from a Rebel woman, who had been through the camp that
morning, as she came from rhill, that a train of a hundred
wagons had started on the Moorefield road for corn. We
made ourselves good Rebels to our informant, and she ap
pealed to us to confirm the news she was telling to Mrs.
Coon and her daughters, evidently thinking we were just from
camp. Coon was away: so was his son, — hid, I suppose.
Wilson and I now started by a new route to Philippi, on
the double-quick. Seeing Rebels on our road, we followed
down the Valley River, frequently crossing it. The way
was very rough. My clothing hung in tatters. My feet were
very sore. When within six miles of camp, I procured a
horse, and leaving Wilson, arrived in camp at ten p. m., and
reported to Captain Benham, U. S. E., and General Morris,
who had arrived the day before from Grafton. I was forty-
eight hours on this trip, and marched over sixty^five miles,
with little sleep and food.
General Morris sent Major Gordon with despatches, and

GENERAL MCCLELLAN.

43

me to report in person, to the Commanding General at Buck
hannon. We started with an escort of six, led by the man
who had taken my horse, and bidden me God-speed at the
bridge, — Len' Clark, with his deep, intelligent eye peering
from beneath his ragged hat. We arrived at Buckhannon
without accident, just as the Major- General, with his splendid
troops, was entering. Colonel Lander received the despatches

for General McClellan, and, while we were eating dinner
at the hotel, came for me. We rode to a fine undulating
plain, south of the town, where head-quarters were situated,
and I was introduced to the little General. He was dressed
in a fatigue-cap, a loose blouse, without marks of office, and
light-blue pants. He was covered with dust, and was sitting
at a little camp-table, on which was a topographical map
of Virginia. He looked at me from head to foot before he

44 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
spoke ; then asked every particular in regard to my visit to
the Rebel camp, the names of persons whom I met, the route,
the hills, trees, streams, &c. I drew for him on a sheet of
paper a map of the Confederate camp.*
After I had left the General's tent, a brisk, pleasant little
man began talking with me, and seemed very much interested
in all I had to say. I supposed him to be a quartermaster,
but Col. Lander coming up introduced me to Gen. Rosecrans.
— Here for the present ends the narrative of the Scout.
General McClellan had assumed command in person in
West Virginia on June 21st. His head-quarters were first
at the venerable and sleepy town of Clarksburg, but removed
in a few days to Buckhannon, with the intention of advan
cing from this point to the rear of the fortifications on Laurel
Mountains, at the western base of which the village of Buck
hannon lies.
The Eighth and Tenth regiments, the former from the
eastern, the latter from the western counties of Indiana,
after two months in camp, left Indianapolis the 19th of June
to repair to West Virginia. The train containing the Eighth
stopped at North Bend, on the Ohio, and the aged widow of
the brave old warrior and true-hearted President, whbse name
is dear to the nation, most dear to the West, advanced to
the roadside to meet her grandson, Irwin Harrison, the ad
jutant of the regiment. As the young man bent before the
frail, bowed woman, while with trembling voice she invoked
heaven's richest blessings upon him, and upon all her coun
try's defenders, it almost seemed that the dead lips of a
buried generation said. Amen !
The cars were crowded and uncomfortable, but the enthu
siasm of the people, and the beauty of the scenery in Vir
ginia, — where men were reaping barley and ploughing corn by
the roadside and on the hill-sides, and where long and high
bridges, tunnels, grades, valleys, and mountains form a suc
cession of picturesque landscapes, — more than compensated.
The troops reached Clarksburg at six in the evening, and
encamped in the rear of the town, in an almost impregnable
* See preceding page.

FORBEARANCE. 45
position, on a bold hill which commands a circuit of three
miles. There was a rumor afloat that Governor Wise, with an
army somewhere between ten and fifty thousand strong,
was approaching, and the newly arrived regiments were
roused at two in the morning to work upon fortifications.
In eight hours a breastwork from four to six feet high was
thrown up on the north, east, and south sides, and a half
acre of timber felled on the west. But instead of Governor
Wise came a despatch from McClellan the next day, order
ing an immediate march to Buckhannon. Tents had not
yet arrived, but in a half-hour the troops were on their way.
That night and the next they lay on the ground in the
drenching rain, without any kind of shelter, and received
thus their introduction into the hardships of the soldier's
life, and their first lesson in the art of grumbling, — the sol
dier's peculiar and inalienable prerogative. An army, num
bering twelve thousand, was now assembled at Buckhannon,
and preparations for a speedy attack were unceasing and
vigorous. Meanwhile, the policy of forbearance was adhered to with
undeviating resolution. The case of Symmes, the man who
shot Colonel Kelley at Philippi, is but a fair example. Colo
nel Lander struck up the weapons pointed at him by the
enraged Virginians of Kelley's cohimand, and thus saved
his life. He was allowed to board at the best hotel in Graf
ton, and to be quite unmolested in the enjoyment of a
slightly circumscribed freedom. Avowed and active seces
sionists, even spies, were repeatedly released with no secu
rity for the future. In return, the most murderous and sav
age warfare was kept up by the enemy. Every forest, gorge,
and thicket teemed with lurking foes, who fired without a
challenge.

46 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER V.
LAUREL HILL, AND RICH MOUNTAIN.
The Sixth, Seventh, and Ninth, with the associated Ohio
and Virginia regiments, lay five weeks at Philippi and along
the road to Grafton, idly waiting, while the Rebel troops con
tinued industriously to fortify. The impatience of the sol
diers in the preparatory camps was slight in comparison with
the impatience of the troops now in the field. They burned
with desire for action. They raged against McClellan, be
cause he was weeks at Cincinnati, weeks at Clarksburg, and
weeks at Buckhannon, and because his orders were always,
to wait. But one day, as fretting and fuming they were scat
tered through the shady grove in which they were encamped,
they heard the sound of firing in the direction of the enemy,
whose outposts were at the little village of Bealington. At
first, here and there ; then, thicker and faster. " The Rebels
are on us ! " " The Rebels are on us ! " A cry of joy, a rush
to arms, a call to order, and almost instantaneously the line
of battle was formed. There was Morris, calm and grave
as usual ; Love, all animation ; Milroy, his eyes shooting fire ;
Dumont, haggard and ghastly, his uniform put on him by
unwilling physicians, tottering to his horse, but now sitting
firmly, steadily surveying his command, and saying with
spirit : " Let them come ; we are ready ! " Virginia and
Ohio were ready, too. But where was Crittenden ? Where
was the gallant Sixth? Surely the sound of firing ought
to rouse them from the sleep of death! As the question
ran from man to man, a reconnoitring party sent out by the
General returned with the information that Colonel Critten
den's regiment was drilling on the Bealington road, and at
this moment was engaged in a mimic battle. Deep as had
always been the disgust of the loyal troops towards the
Rebels, it never was so intense as at this moment, when,
chagrined and crestfallen, they dispersed to their tents.

MARCH TO LAUREL HILL. 47
At this time, and indeed during the whole year in West
Virginia, men were seldom or never detailed for a hazardous
duty, unless volunteers were so numerous it was necessary to
restrict the number. When a party was ordered to the execu
tion of some undertaking, it was not unusual to find in the
ranks double the proper number, — to find Company A, for
instance, counting two hundred instead of one, and each man
of the two hundred bearing in his countenance, if not on his
tongue, an assertion that he was in his proper place.
Colonel Dumont was ill during the gi-eater part of the stay
at Philippi,-— so ill that at one time alarm was felt, and his
officers urged him to be removed to Grafton, where he could
be comfortably accommodated. Stretched out on his camp-
cot, with no luxury, not even a comfort about him, the suffer
ing man replied : " No, never ! When my boys get sick they
lie here, and, if it must be, die at their posts. They don't get
off, and I won't go, either."
July Oth, the President's Message was received, and the
hearts of the Volunteers, as by the light of the setting sun
they read that manly, honest document, responded to the
great heart which throbbed in the breast of the ruler and
leader of the nation. That night, when they wrapped them
selves in their blankets, and lay down on their hard beds,
within them glowed the purpose and the enthusiasm which
lofty thoughts kindle, and which make the soldier's pallet
nobler than the king's couch.
Before many hours, the sleeping camp was aroused, and
midnight saw the long hoped-for march to Laurel Hill begin.
The Ninth, preceded and flanked by skirmishers, formed the
van. In order followed the Fourteenth Ohio, Cleveland
Artillery, First Virginia, Seventh Indiana, Body- Guard,
General and staff, three companies of the Sixteenth Ohio,
Sixth Indiana, and Guthrie Grays, — about five thousand in
all. Not a word was spoken, except of command, and not a
sound broke the silence of the night, but the rumbling of
wheels, and the steady, rapid tramp, tramp, of the troops. As
the thousands of glimmering camp-fires died away in the
distance, a misty moonfight half revealed and half concealed
the dangers of the winding road, the threatening forests, the

48 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
frowning rocks, and the ravines and gorges in which a thou
sand men might hide. Day lighted up the shaggy woods,
and rugged cliffs, and discovered the blushing laurel and the
bright azalea. Vigilance did not relax. The woods were
scoured, the rocks explored, the army halted, while the treach
erous turns of the crooked road were examined. The moun
tain farms were deserted, the houses closed, and no signs of
life were visible, except now and then an anxious face peering
through a curtained window. About half-past seven the
enemy's pickets first seemed aware of the approach of our
troops. They fired, but immediately fled. Just as the last
were driven in, our army came in full view of the position to
be occupied. In less than an hour it was successfully dis
posed on heights, which hemmed in the enemy, and General
Morris had established his head-quarters in the house of
Elliott, a noted Secessionist, who looked on with trembling
rage, while the Stars and Stripes were placed above his un
worthy door. In this prefatory skirmish, a private in the
Ninth, WiUiam T. Girard, was killed.
Garnett's camp was hidden by two conical eminences,
which, being densely wooded, furnished a fine cover for skir
mishing purposes. It extended over about a hundred and
fifty acres, and had a fine position, with a mountain wall
behind it as a background and a shelter. General McClellan
had already advanced from Buckhannon, and he issued orders
to Morris, by all means to avoid an engagement, until the
heavy column should ,appear in the rear. Whatever General
Morris's long-tried patience, his troops had no inclination to
employ themselves in the culture of a passive virtue, and
they engaged in skirmishing with a zeal that threatened to
anticipate McClellan's movements. Feats were daily per
formed, which, years from now, when veterans repeat tales of
their youth to eager listeners, will thrill many a shuddering
fireside. Sylvester Brown, a tall private of the Sixth, in the face of
six Rebels, who were behind an earthwork of rude construction,
carried from a tree, where they had been cooking and resting,
a quantity of blankets and some cooking-utensils. Placing
them safely, he returned; but, as he was again carrying a

SKIRMISHING. 49
parcel of blankets away, the Rebels stood up, took deliberate
aim, and fired. He wheeled around, fired with steady hand,
and stepping proudly and firmly as on dress-parade, reached
his comrades, who surrounded him with offers of assistance.
" I am shot," he said, " but the cowards don't know it ! " and
he would not be moved down to the hospital, lest they
should see that he was wounded.
West of the Staunton turnpike, and not far from the Rebel
works, was an old field, with here and there a clump of black
berries, a group of dead trees, or a pile of logs. On the east
was a dense wood, with an undergrowth of laurel. One day
field and wood were alive with skirmishers. In the wood the
Rebelg were comparatively safe, but our soldiers in the field
must creep stealthily from log to tree, and from tree to bush,
take aim with keen glance and rapid hand. A youth, with
delicate face and form and light curling hair, lay behind a log
near the road. He had in his hand a revolver, which he had
taken from a dead Rebel officer the day before. Restless and
impatient, he determined to cross the road and penetrate the
dangerous wood. With swift step he put the thought into
execution, cleared the road, hid in the thicket. A few min
utes, and two shots were fired ; then on the evening air rose
a scream, so awful that no manwho heard it will forget it
to his dying day. Mortal agony was in that shrill cry. The
skirmishers in the field sprang to their feet, and drew in
stantly together. The hasty and perilous resolve was made
to dash into the wood. In the laurel, a few steps from the
road, they found the bleeding, lifeless body of the reckless
boy. He was John Auten, of the Ninth.
The hill known as Girard Hill, was taken from a regiment
of Georgians, by fifteen privates without any officers. In
the attack, two soldiers, Bierce and Boothroyd, advanced
within fifteen paces of the enemy's fortifications, and here
Boothroyd received a wound in the neck, which paralyzed
him. His comrade immediately caught him in his arms and
carried him and his gun full twenty rods, bullets falling around
them at every step.
In the afternoon of the lOth of July, two large bodies of
troops were seen from a high hill in the neighborhood, leaving

50 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
the I^ebel camp. Instant preparations were made to meet
them, and in less than two hours the Fourteenth Ohio and
Ninth Indiana were actively engaged with twelve hundred
Georgians. The Rebels came forward under cover of the
woods, holding their cavalry ready to charge whenever our
men should attempt to move in anything like military order.
V Suddenly the Federals advanced, and poured in a sharp volley.
The Rebel cavalry, taking advantage of the movement, pro
ceeded to take them in flank. The Federals rapidly retreated,
and, as they retreated, threw out a couple of shells. In their
turn, the Confederates drew back, shouting, " Now, give it to
them ! " and springing forward at the same time, the Federals
poured in another volley. The enemy wavered and fell fur
ther back, but recovered in a moment and dashed forward.
" Rally to your logs ! " was now the cry of the Federals,
and back they fled behind trees and logs and blackberry
bushes. Shells were again thrown among the assailants, and
again they fled to their sheltering woods. The Ohio and In
diana boys broke cover, and forward they dashed once more.
Further, further they went until Milroy, who had charge of a
gun, sprang upon a log and shouted, waving his hat, " Fall
back, boys ! We 're going to fire another shell ! " He stood
several minutes, his head inclined, listening intently. At
length through the tumult he distinguished the shout from his
boys : " Fire more to the right ! " The enemy scattered be
fore this well-directed shell, and could not again be rallied.
" What troops are you ? " it is said a Georgian shouted
from behind a tree before any shells were thrown. " Ohio
and Indiana Volunteers," was shouted in reply. « Can't
make me believe that," called out the Georgian. "You
need n't tell me that Volunteers stand fire that way." He was
probably convinced they were Volunteers when he heard them,
if through the din he could hear, singing out their own
orders: "Now give it to them!" "Rally to your logs!"
and the like.
John R. Smith, a young, brave fellow, who had walked
thirty miles to volunteer, fell in this skirmish.
Milroy's men, like their leader, were madly in love with
danger. It is said that one of them took a newspaper, and

EVACUATION AND PURSUIT. 51
marching up the road at the foot of the hill, asked the Rebels if
they wouldn't like to hear the news. " Yes!" they shouted.
He unfolded his paper and began : " Great battle at Manas
sas Gap : one thousand Rebels killed ; ten thousand wounded;
nearly all the rest taken prisoners. All traitors to be hung,
and their property confiscated." Here the bullets began to
hail around him, and he beat a retreat.
It was almost impossible to restrain our men from making
an assault that night. They had no longer expectation or
hope of hearing the booming of McClellan's guns the other
side of Laurel Hill. The next day they were early on the
alert, eager at every point for skirmishing ; but the enemy
could not be induced to show himself. Not a gun was seen
or heard, while the blows of the axe and the crash of falling
timber never ceased. It was surmised that General Garnett
had determined to make a last stand here, and was strength
ening his intrenchments. Early the following morning, a
horseman, without saddle, whip,. or spurs, beating his horse
on with his sword, came galloping to head-quarters, and an
nounced that the Rebels had evacuated.
Intelligence so contrary to expectation and so disagreea
ble was received with suspicion, and General Morris ordered
three officers. Captain Benham, Sergeant- Major Gordon, and
Dr. Fletcher, with a company, to inspect. He also sent orders
to Colours Dumont and Milroy to march without a mo
ment's delay to the enemy's camp. In five minutes both
regiments were on the march. Along the smooth mountain
road, past the blackberry field, and around the wooded knoll,
they went, expecting to meet an open, or to hear an am
bushed foe. Uninformed of the reported evacuation, their
surprise and suspicion increased with every step. Not with
fear, but with some trepidation, they looked towards a turn in
the road before them, which might expose them to the raking
fire of the enemy's cannon; but instead of bristling guns,
the turn revealed a long line of unmanned intrenchments,
» silent batteries, and deserted tents.
" Where are General Garnett and his men ? " asked Dr.
Fletcher, who was first to cross the Rebel intrenchments,
of a frightened woman in a solitary house. " They 's done
gone," she said.

52 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
He went into an old log house on Mustoe's farm, and
found some eight or ten wounded' Rebels. They handed
him a note addressed to " Any officer of the U. S.," asking
that mercy be shown to these wounded men. The men
themselves begged him not to have them hung!
The Seventh and Ninth were joined at the camp by two
companies of Ohio artillery, under Colonel Barnett, and pushed
forward on the road to Bev^ly. It was now evident that
the felling of trees, the day before supposed to be for the
purpose of strengthening the intrenchments, was the work
of the rear-guard, to delay pursuit. The road was blocked
up with every possible obstacle, and strewed with the effects
of the Rebels. The pursuit was continued ten miles, without
further interruption than was necessary to drag trees out of
the road ; but at Leeds Creek was brought to an abrupt halt,
by the want of a bridge, which the Rebels had broken up.
While the bridge was undergoing repairs, a foraging party
was sent out to obtain food from the neighboring farmers ;
but it returned with such a scanty supply, that even after
one or two provision-wagons came up, many a man was
unable to obtain a morsel. Near night the Fourteenth Ohio
arrived. The advance was commanded by Captain Ben
ham, U. S. E., one of those unfortunate individuals who have
a peculiar facility for winning dislike ; but not hunger, fa
tigue, nor Benham could cool the ardor of the troops, and
they lay down on the ground to sleep with the utmost sat
isfaction. General Morris arrived at Leeds Creek some time after
dark, and was led among the sleeping forms of tired soldiers
to an old log house, in which Captain Benham directed him
by his voice, as no light could be obtained. The members
of the staff lay on the ground, with the other soldiers, and
endured a pelting rain.
Meantime events were occuiTing at Rich Mountain, which
changed the course of the retreat, and consequently of the
pursuit. At three o'clock on the morning of the 12th, the
same morning Mon-is started in pursuit of Garnett, General
Rosecrans, with the Eighth, Tenth, Thirteenth Indiana, and
Nineteenth Ohio, left McClellan's camp west of Rich Moun-

RICH MOUNTAIN. 53
tain, and proceeded along the line of hills southeast of the
enemy's intrenchments, with the purpose of entering the Bev
erly road on the mountain-top, and of attacking the camp
from the east. General McClellan was to assault the west
as soon as the firing should announce the commencement
of the attack.
I General Rosecrans occupied about nine hours in cutting
his way through the woods, climbing the rocks, logs, and
stumps, and wading the streams. The guide was David
Hart, whose father's farm was on the top of the mountain,
and who had escaped from the Rebels by this route. Colonel
Lander, who had spent the greater part of his life in explor
ing and engineering expeditions in the far West, and whose
experience in military, mountain, backwoods, and every va
riety of wild, adventurous, and exposed life, was unusual,
accompanied the guide, and declared the difficulties of the
march unequalled. The bushes were wet, the air was ex
cessively cold and full of rain ; and rain began to fall in
the course of the morning. About noon they reached the
top of the mountain, but instead of descending and quietly
taking possession of the Rebel rear, according to the plan, they
were here saluted by a volley from Rebel pickets, whose attack
was followed by cannon ; and they found themselves in the
presence of a large body of the enemy. A courier, sent by
McClellan to Rosecrans, had taken the broad Beverly road
which led directly through the Confederate camp, and had
of course been obhged to give up his despatches. In con
sequence, a body of twenty-five hundred men, with three can
non, had been sent to the top of the mountain, and had there
thrown up hastily some intrenchments. '
Rosecrans made an attempt to form his command into
line, but it was found impossible, on account of the irregu
larities of the position ; the troops were therefore ordered to
advance at intervals and fire; then throw themselves on the
ground. The Confederates fired steadily and rapidly, but the
screen of bushes prevented their taking correct aim, and they
fired generally too low. General Rosecrans attempted again
to form the troops into line, and after much difficulty, result
ing partly from the nature of the ground, partly from the rain

54 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
which was now pouring down, and partly from the eagerness
of the men to rush pell-mell into battle, he finally succeeded.
The Eighth was ordered to take the right, the Tenth the
centre, one half of the Thirteenth (the other half had been star
tioned at the forks of a road in the rear, with instructions to
hold the point at all hazards) the left. The Ohio regiment was
the reserve. The Thirteenth immediately advanced some dis
tance to the left and down the hill, to flank the enemy. While
directing its movements. Colonel Sullivan suddenly found him
self face to face with a Rebel of immense size. The Colonel
raised his sword and the Rebel his rifle. The sword bent and
the rifle missed, but the Colonel's face was burned with the
flash; and if one of his soldiers had not seen his danger,
shoved him aside, and brought the Rebel to the ground,
his first battle would probably have been his last. Some
delay was occasioned by the Tenth, under a misapprehen
sion of orders, taking the right. It marched down to with
in three hundred yards of the enemy, and engaged him hotly
for thirty minutes, unassisted by the Eighth, which, the mis
take having been discovered, was ordered to face about and
march to the right. Both regiments showed great steadi
ness in march, countermarch, and actual battle.
At length the three regiments fell back, and the reserve was
ordered forward. It advanced to a fence in line with the
breastworks, fired one round, then gave three cheers to the
Indiana boys, who fixed their bayonets with a clang which
resounded along the lines, and rushed forward to charge
bayonets. One man alone of the enemy stood his ground.
He coolly touched the match to his cannon, at the same
moment received a ball in his heart, and fell dead.
A general race now followed, so exciting that our men
were with difficulty recalled and reformed in line of battle,
to receive the enemy from the foot of the mountain. But
instead of following up the attack, the Confederates, as well
in the camp as on the top of the mountain, thought all was
lost, and sought safety in the woods, leaving their works,
tents, stores, cannon, and indeed all they had. The engage
ment lasted over an hour. On the battle-field was found a
sword, inscribed with the testimony of the gratitude of the

SURRENDER OF COLONEL PEGRAM. 55
State of Virginia to Midshipman Taylor, for his valorous
defence, on two occasions, of a United States frigate.
General Rosecrans was very conspicuous in this battle. He
was as cool and skilful as he was brave, and no higher praise
of his bravery can be given than to say it equalled that of his
men. They were all as brave as lions, but inclined to be
regardless of orders, unless accompanied by a rap with the
flat side of the'sword. Even wounds did not quench or cool
their ardor ; more than one man with a disabled leg crawled
to a stone and loaded for a comrade, or himself continued
firing. The only banner in the engagement was that of the
Eighth, the motto of which was : " Above us or around us."
The next day, after thirty-six hours' wandering in the woods
through rain and mud, without rest and without food. Colonel
Pegram and about six hundred of his command surrendered
themselves prisoners of war. They formed a melancholy
procession. Colonel Pegram wore an expression of the deep
est sadness, and the forlorn young faces of many students
from Hampden Sydney College appealed to the hearts of the
victors. The captain of the students was one of their pro
fessors. Did he feel shame, or is that last safeguard of the
soul lost to the traitor?
On the day of Pegram's s\irrender, General Garnett was
within three miles of Beverly, on his way either to unite his
force — which at the outset of his retreat numbered five thou
sand, — with that of Pegram, and then to give battle, or to
proceed for greater security to the fastnesses of the Cheat
Mountains. When he received the unwelcome intelligence,
he turned and retraced his march to Leeds Creek, from which
poiait a mountain-road leads northeast through the little town
of iSiew Interest, to St. George, Tucker County. He entered
this road early in the morning. The rain fell and continued
to fall in torrents, making a deep, sticky mud of the clay soil,
which the feet of the fugitives worked thin, and left rolling
down the hills after them in sluggish streams. Proofs of their
fatigue and of the lessening distance between them and their
pursuers became more and more numerous to the latter.
Knapsacks, trunks, clothes, beds, cards, everything that could
be thrown away, marked the route. Rebel axes forming bar-

56 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
ricades, and loyal axes, clearing away obstructions, answered
to each other. Rebel pickets protecting laborers were driven in.
A Rebel banner was taken, and borne back alongthe whole line.
Every step increased the exhilaration of the National troops.
As they waded a rocky, roaring stream, some freak of mem
ory suggested the singularly Spirited old hymn : " On Jordan's
stormy banks I stand." A thousand voices joined, and hill,
and wood, and rock echoed and reechoed the exalted strain.
The Cheat River, an exceedingly crooked and rapid stream,
crossing the road repeatedly, and always difficult of passage,
delayed the enemy. At the first ford. Captain Benham dis
covered the baggage-train at rest. He proposed an attack
as soon as Barnett's artillery and Damont's regiment should
have come up ; but the thoughtless firing of a musket gave
warning, and set the train in motion. At the second ford, the
Confederates were found to have left a few skirmishers. The
advance opened a brisk fire, and cleared the adjacent wood.
At the third ford, Carrick's, the rear of the wagon-train was
standing. " Don't shoot," cried the teamsters, " we 're going
to surrender ! "
The river at this point runs between a precipitous bluff of
some fifty to eighty feet on the right, and low meadows on
the left. The road on the left, passes between the meadow-
ground and the river, parallel to the river. The Confederates
were strongly posted on the high bank, and hidden from view
by a rail-fence and a tangled thicket of laurel.
As the Fourteenth Ohio advanced, a blaze of fire lighted
up the bank and revealed the ambuscade. The Fourteenth
halted, and, without a change of position, returned the fire.
Parnett's artillery and the Ninth Indiana hastened to its sup
port. The latter, being on the left, was obliged to fire ob
liquely, although the men crowded together, and next to the
Fourteenth were thirty deep. The firing on both sides was
rapid and fierce. Garnett's men aimed too high, and did
little execution. Colonel Dumont, approaching through the
meadow, (he had avoided the road on account of the mud,)
heard the firing and ordered his men to advance on the run.
He was met by a command from Captain Benham to cross
the river three hundred yards above the ford, climb the hill,

DEATH OF GENERAL GARNETT. 57
and attack the enemy in the rear. Without stopping. Colonel
Dumont dashed straight through the river, dismounted, and
climbed the hill by the aid of bushes and ledges of rock,
which it was necessary to grasp at almost every step. Man
by man, one company, two companies, almost three com
panies, followed, and reached the top, when an order was re
ceived to bring back the men, and to charge the enemy at the
ford and at the guns. Unfortunately, Captain ^l^enham had
been told that the ascent of the bluff, except at the ford, was
impracticable. His first order, had it not been countermanded,
would certainly have resulted in the capture of a large por
tion, if not the main body of the enemy, without further
pursuit or fighting.
Not a foot of ground lay between the river and the almost
perpendicular bank.- The river-bed was covered with loose
rolling boulders. The current was rapid. The water in
many places was waist-deep. Artillery was firing from each
side. As might be expected under such circumstances, the
passage from one point to the other was rapidly made. Guns
and ammunition, held at arm's length, were kept dry.
Not until Dumont reached the road and appeared on his
right, did the enemy turn to fly. A running fight ensued,
and was continued to the fourth and last ford. Here again
the enemy endeavored to rally. Through the tumult rose
the clear, loud voice of General Garnett, cheering and urg
ing his men to stand. In vain; and he stood with raised
hand appealing to them, a single Georgian youth by his side,
when a ball entered his back, and he fell. At the same mo
ment fell his companion. They lay together, the General
in his gorgeous Southern uniform, and the boy in his rustic
butternut, when our advance approached, both dying. Colo
nel Dumont's pitying heart yearned towards the fallen Gar
nett, and he requested Gordon, who was always at the point
of danger, to stay and guard the body. Gordon obeyed. He
closed the eyes, tied up the chin, and straightened the stif
fening limbs. No true and loyal man was ever more honor
ably cared for than this disloyal General. He fell strangely,
in the rear of his flying army, and deserted by his own troops.
Perhaps he was the victim of mortification and despair.

58 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
The sense of honor in the Southern gentleman is keener than
the sense of right, and while it arms a man with daring cour
age, robs him of the nobler qualities of patience and fortitude.
It impels him to rush on death rather than bear defeat.
Our soldiers buried the Georgian boy with gentle and
respectful hands. The honor they showed him was no con
ventional thing.
In consideration of the exhausted condition of his troops,
who had marched, almost entirely without food, twenty-seven
miles, eighteen of which had been over a frightful mountain
road, and in a pitiless rain. General Morris reluctantly ordered
the pursuit to be abandoned. Colonel Milroy, however, like
a man running down-hill, could not check himself short of
two miles further. The closing sentence of an address which
the General issued the next day, is : " Yoht cheerful endurance
of the privations you have undergone, and are now undergo
ing, from the necessarily scanty supply of provisions, and the
hardships of the march of yesterday over roads almost impas
sable, and through the storm of rain and battle, is — in the
language of the immediate commander of the advance col
umn, Captain Benham — most heroic, beyond all praise of
mine, and such as your country only can fully appreciate and
reward." About forty wagons and teams were captured in the pur
suit, also the colors of every regiment engaged. A Georgia
banner was inscribed with the favorite Southern maxim,
" Cotton is King." Eighteen or twenty were killed, and sixty-
three prisoners were taken. Of Morris's army, two were
killed and six wounded. The bluff on which the Rebel
dead lay, was a ghastly sight, and blanched the cheek of
the sturdiest.
The prisoners were not guarded, and were treated -with
cordial good-nature. Yet our men could not restrain their
curiosity in regard to the desertion of Garnett, nor tire of
asserting that they would stand by Morris to the last.
Among the prisoners was a surgeon by the name of Car-
rington. He was captured under a stable, but, even in this
trying situation, did not lose his self-possession. He intro-
duced himself as a member of one of the first Virginia

ABUNDANCE OF REBEL STORES. * 59
families, happily unconscious that to the rude Hoosier the
proud initials F. F. V. signified only fleet-footed Virginian.
He also announced himself a descendant of Pocahontas, a
fourth cousin of Mrs. General Scott, and an acquaintance of
General McClellan. Not at all abashed by the mingled
amusement and surprise in the faces of the gentlemen he
addressed, he proceeded to accuse one of our surgeons
of stealing a case of instruments, and threatened to report
him to General McClellan. Later, he actually did report
Federal officers to McClellan, and McClellan actually did
arrest Federal officers on the word of this braggart.
According to General McClellan's report, the national loss
on the two days, July 12th and 13th, was thirteen killed and
about forty wounded. The loss of the Rebels was not far
from two hundred killed and wounded, one thousand taken
prisoners, all the baggage, and seven guns.
In the retreat the Rebel army was more fatigued and dis
pirited, but in every other respect had the advantage. The
lowest number of the enemy engaged at Carrick's Ford was
four thousand, while only eighteen hundred of the Union
troops were up in time to take a part. Where Garnett was
killed, but six hundred were engaged ; they were members
of the Seventh.
An article, in a heavy army-chest captured, excited some
surprise. It was one of our bomb-shells. The prisoners said
it fell, the day before the evacuation, about twenty feet from
General Garnett's marquee, but failed to explode. The Gen
eral 'considered his escape so narrow, that he extracted the
fuse and preserved the shell as a memento.
' The camp-equipage of the Rebels showed long prepa
ration and lavish expenditure. The tents were the best Sib
ley ; the blankets, cots, litters, of which they had hundreds,
bandages, and surgeons' stores, were all of the finest quality ;
while the meagreness of the National tents, the coarseness
of the blankets, the scanty supply of all kinds of utensils,
the entire want of litters, and even of bandages, witnessed
to the haste witli which the National troops had been col
lected, and the unprepared state of the country. The con-
frast was significant and painful.

60 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
At St. George, to which place he proceeded next day,
General Morris received orders to return to Laurel Hill.
General Hill, who was at Grafton with fresh troops, was di
rected by the Major-General to intercept the enemy. Though
without a leader, and dispirited and fatigued to the last
degree, the Rebels eluded Hill and effected their escape.
The march of Morris's troops back to Garnett's old quarters
was followed by a stay long enough to insure the destruc
tion of the fortifications. The Eighth and Tenth, which had
accompanied McClellan in his pursuit of Pegram to Bev
erly, assisted at the work. Then the veterans of the three
months' campaign turned their faces homeward.

BUENA-VISTA. gl

CHAPTER VL
THE ELEVENTH.
The Eleventh was the first regiment ready to march. It
was trained by Lewis Wallace in the style of Napoleon's
Zouaves, and it adopted the name which those fierce Alge-
rines and their French successors have rendered a synonym of
victory. Perhaps three fourths of the men were from Indian
apolis and its vicinity. They were generally youths, high-
spirited, generous, and intelligent, eager to win renown, and
scornful of danger.
On the 8th of May they assembled in State House Square
to receive two banners from the ladies of Terre Haute and
Indianapolis. Tall, erect, in the bloom and vigor of young
manhood, and glowing with enthusiasm, their appearance
would have been striking without the aid of the showy for
eign uniform. Colonel Wallace, who might be called the
type of the regiment, received the banners, and turning tp the
soldiers, said, "Boys, will you ever desert these banners?"
" Never ! never ! " shouted every man. Wallace then spoke
of the disgrace cast upon Indiana by the alleged cowardice
of our troops at Buena- Vista. " Let us adopt for our motto,"
he continued, " Remember Buena -Vista ! " " We 'U adopt
it ! " responded the regiment.- " Then get down on your
knees and swear that you will remember Buena- Vista, and
that you will never desert your regimental colors ! " The regi
ment kneeled, and with uplifted hand swore to stand by their
flag and to remember Buena- Vista.
By a coincidence worthy of note, the same watchword was
recommended to the South, through " The Memphis Appeal,"
one of its leading journals, in the following words : " If the
great body of McClellan's forces be Hoosiers and Buckeyes,
as reported, the number of our men need give the depart
ment little concern. These fellows won't fight I We have

62 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
history for this. Remember Buena- Vista! One to four, our
boys will drive them into the lakes." *
The 1st of May, the Zouaves were ordered to Evansville.
* The statement already made, that Jeff. Davis is responsible for the un
fortunate reputation of the 2d Indiana, is based upon an assertion of Gen
eral Lewis Wallace. The following note, written by himself, gives his reasons
for the assertion : —
" According to history. General Taylor is responsible for the charge against
our troops at Buena- Vista. As usual, however, his report was based on the
statements, official and other, of subordinate officers, to whose conduct, sup
pressed and generally forgotten, my charge against Jeff. Davis is traceable.
" About two weeks after the battle, I had occasion to go to Saltillo. The
controversy about the 2d Kegiment was very warm. Being Hoosier-born, it
was natural for me to take interest in it ; and the conclusion I came to is reli
able exactly in proportion to the reliability of the information it is founded
upon. " According to that information, the story of misconduct proceeded origi
nally from General Jo. Lane and Jeff. Davis. A Court of Inquiry satisfied
the former that he was mistaken, not in the fact that a large portion of the
regiment retreated in disorder, but in his belief that it had no authority for
retreating. The testimony is said to have developed (and it is now my recol
lection that sifch was the finding of the Court) that Colonel Bowles had
ordered it to retreat in violation of tactical rules. Satisfied of this, Lane
amended his official report, and requested General Taylor to do the same
thing. General Taylor refused, instigated, as was understood by well-informed
Indianians at that time, by Jeff. Davis.
" The reasons for this belief may be summed up : Davis claimed the vic
tory for his regiment, the 1st Mississippi ; even went so far as to claim that his
was the only regiment that did not run that day ; all his assumptions were
vigorously disputed by officers from our State, who on their part asserted
that the 1st Mississippi had turned its back along with the others, and that, in
fact, the only regiment which had kept its front steadily to the enemy during
the whole struggle, was the 3d Indiana, commanded by Colonel James H.
Lane. Out of this dispute very naturally arose a red-hot quarrel.
" When the controversy among the officers from our State culminated in
a Court of Inquiry, Davis sidedy it was said, with Colonel Bowles. His regi
ment had formerly presented Colonel Bowles a Mississippi rifle, in token of
appreciation of gallantry displayed, and the fact was urged as proof of his
partiality. The particular accusation against the 2d Indiana, it must be
borne in mind, was cowardice ; and when in the dispute it was established
that its Colonel had ordered the retreat, no doubt was entertained by our
officers that General Taylor would officially relieve it from the charge. That
he did not do so was at once attributed to Jeff. Davis, whose malignity was
well known, while his near relation to General Taylor gave him influence to
accomplish the end."

THE ELEVENTH. 63
They left Indianapolis with delight at so soon getting into
action. Their delight was premature, as the duties they were
called upon to perform were no more active nor interesting
than those of an ordinary police force. They examined ves
sels passing down the Ohio, to prevent the carrying of contra
band goods, and they guarded Evangville, which was neither
attacked nor threatened. The monotony of the camp was
unendurable to men burning with the desire to do or die.
When the heart is strung to the performance of a great deed,
or to the offering of a great sacrifice, it is inexpressibly weari
some to be forced to count the moments, and to fill them with
the stiff trifles of military life. The departure of three regi
ments from Camp Morton to the East added fuel to the fire
of impatience.
June 5th, the Eleventh was' ordered to Cumberland, in the
department of General Patterson. Little time was ocQupied
in preparation. From one o'clock on the morning of the 7th,
at which time the train arrived, until daylight, when it de
parted, crowds of friends in the Union Depot at Indianapolis
were uttering last words and last cautions. Danger, death,
and grief, all the scenes and emotions of war, have become so
familiar to our minds through the terrible battles of Virginia,
Alabama, and Tennessee, that it requires some effort of the
imagination to appreciate the anxiety and sorrow of the
friends of our first Volunteers. Then the form of war was as
unfamiliar as it is awful. It blackened the very sky. Many
a true-hearted woman, who bade her son or her brother go,
shut down her windows and drew close her blinds, that she
might not see banners and blue coats, — might not hear the
drum and fife.
The interest of the warm-hearted people of Ohio, and the
ardor of the West Virginians, had not cooled; and the jour
ney to Grafton was different in no particular from that of the
regiments which had gone before. From Grafton to Cum
berland the railroad passes through some of the most magnif
icent scenery in the United States. In jvinding down the
slope of Laurel Hill, it springs over chasms of fearful breadth
and depth, and at the base leaps boldly across the Cheat, a
stream now dark with the sap of the laurel and spruce and

64 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
pine forests in which it has its rise, soon, like many another
American river, to be stained with brothers' blood. Almost
lost in a savage pass, through which Snowy Creek alone
sends a gleam, the rails again appear hanging on the rugged
mountain-side, as if at the mercy of a gust of wind ; then
gliding down from mountain and pass, they cut a straight
line through level and beautiful meadows.
Cumberland Hes in a noble amphitheatre, with the laughing
Potomac at its foot, and sunny slopes rising afar to forest-
crowned peaks, all around. The fine old town has a history.
Here the British, more than two hundred years ago, ¦wrested
an important fort from the French. Here the terror-stricken
forces of Braddock found shelter after their disastrous defeat
near Fort du Quesne. Here were Washington's head-quar
ters at one time, when he was in command of the Colonial
troops. The stump of the pine, to which, according to tradi
tion, he with his own hands nailed the Stars and Stripes, still
stands. Our soldiers were not sufficiently familiar with the
history of our flag to observe the anachronism ; and they cut
many a splinter from the venerable relic, and sent it home as
a memento of the past and a token of the present.
The Eleventh was scarcely encamped, before Colonel Wal
lace had an expedition planned. Romney, a town among
the mountains, on the west branch of the Potomac, in Vir
ginia, formed .the head-quarters of several hundred Rebel
troops. These he determined to disperse. On the morning
of June 12th, he went by railway, with about five hundred
men, twenty miles, to New Creek Station. From this point
it was necessary to proceed on foot over a rugged mountain-
road, which afforded rare facilities to an enemy. About four
miles from Romney the scouts captured a well-known Seces
sion officer. To men who had been walking twelve hours,
the sight of an important prisoner was agreeable. A little
more than a mile from Romney they were fired upon by the
enemy's advance guard, which then galloped forward and in
formed the camp. The approach of danger fired the spirits
of the Zouaves, and they increased their speed.
The enemy was drawn up on the bluff, on which the town
is situated, with two guns planted to sweep the road. Col-

SCOUTING AND SKIRMISHING. 65
onel Wallace called the attention of his men to a large house,
about seventy-five yards from the farther end of the bridge,
between them and the town ; then gave the order to advance.
They dashed over the bridge, leaped down an embankment
at the farther end, and, as had been expected, received some
scattering shot from the house. They rushed to the house
and surrounded it, but not in time to prevent the escape of
the pickets through windows and doors and up the hill be
hind. They now rapidly, but in a scattering manner, avoid
ing the road, pushed up the bluff to the right, with the double
purpose of escaping the g^ns and cutting off the rptreat. But
" the legs of the enemy, their only trusty weapon of defence,"
did not fail them now. When the hill was gained, the road
beyond was darkened with fugitives, — soldiers and citizens,
women and children.
The Zouaves seized a quantity of arms and ammunition,
some horses and provisions, then turned and walked back
over a road which to footsore and wearied men was doubly'
dangerous. This expedition occupied but forty-two hours,
although forty-six of the eighty-seven miles comprised were
performed on foot ; the road was rough, and not without dan
ger in the night. Two dead and one wounded Rebel were
left on tlfe field. There was no Union loss.
A few days later, the Rebels burned a bridge, six miles
from camp, and established themselves in force at Piedmont,
twenty -eight miles west, on the railroad. Colonel Wallace's
small force was now in a dangerous situation. The only
reinforcements he could expect on short notice were two
or three hundred Pennsylvania miners, who signified their
willingness in case of necessity. Colonel Wallace daily sent
mounted pickets, thirteen in all, to different posts along the
several approaches to Cumberland. June 26th, the whole
thirteen — D. B. Hay, E. Baker, E. Burkett, J. Hollenback,
T. Grover, J. Hollowell, T. Brazier, G. Mulbarger, L. Farley,
F. Harnson, H. Dunlap, R. M. Dunlap, and E. P. Thomas —
were directed to proceed to Frankfort, a town midway be
tween Romney and Cumberland.
In the evening of the same day, as the regiment was drill
ing on the hill-side, Harry Dunlap, his horse foaming and

66 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
panting, was seen hastening toward Colonel Wallace. The
word flashed along the line, surmise taken as fact : " All our
scouts are prisoners or killed ! " Anxiety was not allayed
when Colonel Wallace, after rapidly giving some orders to
an officer who stood near, called to Dunlap, as he turned :
" Get off that horse. There is a horse," — pointing to a fine
animal a citizen was riding up the hill, — " take him."
The stranger, seeming to comprehend the necessity for the
singular order, quietly dismounted. Dunlap instantly sprang
on the fresh horse, and away he flew. Fifty men, under
Major Robinson, followed. Soon a covered express-wagon,
surrounded by a large crowd of citizens, approached. Cor
poral Hay, the leader of the scouts, pale and bloody, lay
within. The wagon stopped before the hospital-tent. The
wounded man refused assistance, although he moved with
difficulty. He had one sword- and three bullet-wounds, and
had come ten or twelve miles since receiving them. Never
theless he was able to give a spirited history of a great part
of the day's adventures to Colonel Wallace.
The scouts went within a quarter of a mile of Frankfort,
to a point from which they obtained a view of the village.
To their surprise, they saw large numbers of both infantry
and cavalry in the streets. A short reconnoissance was suffi
cient. They turned their horses' heads in the direction of
Cumberland, and having come over the broad and direct road,
they now, the better to scour the district, took a different
route, which happened to be narrow, winding, and hilly-. At
a cabin-door they asked a woman, who stood watching them,
with an interested and alarmed countenance, if any of- the
enemy were near. « Yes," she answered, " I counted forty-
one, not five minutes ago, trotting along this very road."
" Boys, shall we fight, or turn back ? " asked the corporal,
fight gleaming in his own eyes. "Fight!" responded all,
and on they plunged. A man at the side of the road stopped
them. " Rebels just ahead ! " he said. " How far ? " " Not
fifty yards ; around that bend."
The hour had come for which they had volunteered; the
hour of revenge for Buena- Vista, and of glory. They reached
the bend. Before them, trotting along leisurely, was a small

PATTERSON'S CREEK. 67
body of cavafry. Clatter, clatter on the hill-side ! The Rebels
turned. Deceived by the bend, or by the furious onset of the
approaching party, they fancied a hundred men in pursuit.
One glance sufficed. " Neck or nought ! " The hdi'ses caught
the fear or the spirit, and neither whip nor spur they needed
as they dashed on. The Zouaves did not even rein up to
fire, but fired as they galloped. Suddenly the flying party
came upon a deep gully. Several of their horses fell. There
was no escape. The pursuers were at their heels. A des
perate hand-to-hand fight ensued. Farley and a noted Texan
ranger, a man of immense size, rolled down the bank, locked
in each other's arms. The Texan cried for mercy. Farley
loosed his hold, and sprang up. The Texan caught him by
, the legs and pulled him down again. Again there was a
deadly struggle. Now one, and now the other, had his gripe
on the throat of his foe. Both could never rise. Farley's
hand failed. His limbs relaxed. One more blow, and the
ranger would shake the dead man's hold from his massive
body. Just then a bullet. The ranger released his clutch,
and Farley staggered to his feet. Harrison had beaten off
an assailant, when his eye fell on the s'truggling form of
Farley, and he sent the ball which saved his comrade's life.
Eight Rebels fell at this point. The remainder of the party
fled on up the mountain. The scouts turned back into the
road, and were engaged in binding up the wounds of Hay,
when they saw the enemy returning, and in a force not less
than seventy-five. One of the Dunlaps had gone for a
wagon for Hay, and the scouts were now but eleven. Hay
was .placed on a horse and had sufficient strength to keep
his seat, and to escape to the woods.
The corporal could tell no more. What had become of
his comrades, he could not say. They came in, however,
during the night, except two, Thomas and Hollenback, and
finished the tale.
While Hay was 'making his escape into the woods, the
remaining scouts abandoned their horses and waded to an
island in the mouth of Patterson's Creek, which here flows
into the Potomac. They could not have found a better
position, but the odds were fearful. Eleven men on the low,

68 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
defenceless island, more than seventy on the shore. Not a
buEet must fail. Not a bullet did fail. With steady eye
and steady hand, the scouts aimed at every man who entered
the water ;' and Patterson's Creek was certain death to him
who was so bold as to leave the shore. But the contest was
too unequal to be kept up long. The .water was crossed,
the island gained, and yet not won. Foot by foot, inch by
inch, it was disputed in blood. It is a fearful sight, men
fighting for their lives ! Now teeth were set, and fists were
clenched. There was firing, and stabbing, and wrestling, and
swearing, and praying. There was even pity in the wild fury
of this combat. " I hate to kill you, but I must," muttered
a Rebel, leaning over a Zouave, with bowie-knife upraised to
give the fatal blow. A ball entered the divided heart, and the
lifted hand sank powerless.
Twilight came, and under its friendly cover the scouts crept
through the bushes, waded the stream, and hid in the woods;
,all but Hollenback. He lay helpless and bleeding on the
island. The next day HoUenback's lifeless body, shockingly pierced
and mutilated, was found. His appearance excited suspi
cion ; and the woman at whose housfe he was found asserted
that he had been murdered. He was buried with the honors
of war in the old cemetery of Cumberland, on the shore of
that river whose melancholy fame was just beginning.
Hollenback was dead, murdered ; and no man knew what
had befallen Thomas. He had been seen to fall, but the
island, the road, and the woods around had been searched in
vain. Perhaps he lay in some dark gorge, perhaps in the
river. Perhaps the Rebels had dragged him, wounded, into
imprisonment. A heavy gloom rested on the camp.
As the evening sun was sinking behind the mountains, a
cry ran from lip to lip, and swelled into a glad shout of
" Thomas ! Thomas ! " On the brow of the hUl the figure of
a man was thrown in strong relief against the sky. It was
the lost soldier. The regiment rushed towards him, and " every
man felt as if his own brother had risen from the dead ! "
Thomas had been knocked down by a grazing shot over the
eye. Scarcely had he fallen, when a hand was on his throat.

KELLEY'S ISLAND.— MARTINSBURG.— MANASSAS. 69
A shot from Grover delivered him from this second danger.
He crept into a thicket and remained quiet until he could,
unobserved, get to the hills.
The number of the enemy killed in this encounter was
surprising. The woman at whose house Hollenback was
found, said twenty-three were laid out on her porch. Neigh
bors confirmed her statement.
Certainly it was a most remarkable skirmish, whether we
consider the number of the enemy slain, or the physical
strength and skill, the steadiness of hand and eye, the readi
ness of thought, the coolness and resolution of the Zouaves,
the fiery bravery with which they made the onset, and the
patient bravery with which they withstood the assault. Kel
ley's Island is the least among battle-fields, yet its glory is
not small. Here fell the first Indiana soldier.
The Eleventh received many attentions from the good
people of Cumberland, but none which they appreciated
more highly than a present of a garrison-flag, — with compli
ments to the bravery, kindness, and courtesy of Colonel
Wallace's Zouaves — and a Fourth of July dinner. In honor
of the Fourth, the camp was decorated with evergreens and
flowers; and the exchange of positions, which imagination
sometimes attempts in society, was proposed and effected
with no confusion and much amusement. Officers carried
guns and walked the rounds, while privates entertained
company. July 7th, the Eleventh received orders to join General
Patterson at Martinsburg, and the same evening took up
the line of march. The distance, ninety-seven miles, was
accomplished in four days and a half. Forty thousand
United States troops were now at Martinsburg; and the
larger number, deceived by the easy conquest of West Vir
ginia, anticipated a rapid march to Richmond. The supe
rior officers, however, who knew the difficulty of obtaining
supplies, and the danger of a sudden decrease of numbers
arising from the expiration of the term of enlistment, looked
forward to a battle with anxiety, if not with dread. Gen
eral Patterson was ordered to prevent the arrival of General
Johnston with reinforcements at Manassas. He visited the

70 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
different brigades, in person, represented that a battle was
imminent, and urged them to stay a few days longer. Four
of the nineteen regiments whose time was expiring, among
them the Eleventh Indiana, came forward and announced
their determination to remain, but fifteen could not be moved
from their stubborn purpose to return to their homes. The
fact that many men had left families unprovided for, and that
their own clothing was worn out and could not be renewed,
forms some slight alleviation to the disgrace of men who
could march from the battle-field to the firing of the enemy's
cannon. With such a force as he could retain, and it was not small,
Patterson approached Winchester, where Johnston was for
tified, — approached, and stopped, and lay on his arms, while
all night long the puffing of locomotives announced the
departure of Rebel troops toward Manassas. He went to
Charlestown, then back to Bunker Hill, and farther back to
Harper's Ferry. He was not idle. In one or two warm skir
mishes his advance was successful; and if marching and
countermarching could have saved the battle of Manassas,
then would Patterson have done his duty and won great
renown. He was too far off to engage in the disastrous
conflict which opened and closed on the 21st of July. Thus
it happened that Indiana, in her grief for the national defeat,
was spared the additional pang of recognizing her own sons
among the sufferers in that strange panic which, for the hour,
unmanned the noble and the brave.
The last week in July witnessed the return of the six reg
iments from the mountains of Virginia and the meadows
of Maryland. They were engaged in no great battle in |he
three months' campaign; they did not suffer with heat nor
with cold; they had no experience of malarious swamps and
rivers, of thirsty sands, or of Southern prisons; and what
ever hardships they endured were made light by the prospect
of a speedy termination. The veterans, who_ have tramped
from one end of the Republic to the other, and back again ;
who have besieged cities, blockaded islands, and bombarded
fortresses; who have swept backward and forward, like a
surging sea, upon a battle-field, not one hour, nor four, but

-^1S*VC-eoE.PeriJie,"Sff»'

fto*-

qJ/i fif T^TV^-T-T-iJ

BRIG. GEN. THO? A.MORRIS.

Mejiill « C?

GENERAL MORRIS. 71
all day and all nighti; may smile at the three-months' cam
paign, and talk of summer soldiers. But it should not be
forgotten that these six regiments were among the pioneers
of the war. They first sprang to arms, they first shouted the
battle-cry of freedom, they first stood the shock of battle,
they baptized the now truly sacred soil of Virginia with
Indiana blood ; and it is their dead who lead the stately but
sad procession of Indiana's heroes.
The laurels won in the West Virginia campaign were
not divided. , The name of Morris does not occur in McClel
lan's reports. The nation, rejoiced in its hour of need to
find a great man, did not criticise nor doubt, but confidingly
placed the laurel wreath upon the offered head. Morris, who,
in spite of the restraint laid upon him by his slow and strat-
egetical superior, had shown himself quick, skilful, and pru
dent, and had won the greater part of the success unaided,
made no attempt to gain public attention. He quietly with
drew to the duties of civil life. His indignant friends ob
tained for him at length from the seemingly unwilling Gov
ernment the position of major-general, but could not induce
its acceptance. As for the privates who were engaged in the
three-months' campaign, hundreds of them, brave, intelligent,
patient men, are still in the war, and are still privates.

72 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER VIL
RESPONSE TO THE SECOND CALL OF THE PRESIDENT. - TROOPS
STATIONED IN WEST VIEGINIA.
Aptee the organization of the six regiments of three-months'
men, twenty-nine companies remained in Camp Morton, and
sixty-eight in different parts of the State, in readiness, and
begging for acceptance. Governor Morton, convinced that
the President would call for additional forces, and that the
State legislature, then in session, would provide by law for
the organization of troops for the defence of the State,
issued orders for five regiments of twelve-months' Volunteers.
Camps of rendezvous were established in the following
places : — Twelfth : Camp Morton, Indianapolis ; Thirteenth :
Camp Sullivan, Indianapolis ; Fourteenth : Camp Vigo, Terre
Haute ; Fifteenth : Camp Tippecanoe, Lafayette ; Sixteenth:
Camp Wayne, Richmond.
The State legislature did more than accede to the prop
osition of Governor Morton. It provided for the employ
ment of six regiments, and declared that they should be
subject to the order of the Governor of the State to fill any
requisition made for troops on Indiana by the President of
the United States.
For the Seventeenth a camp of rendezvous was estab
lished at Camp Morton. Colonel Joseph J. Reynolds was
appointed brigadier-general. General Reynolds is a citizen
of Lafayette. He received his education at West Point.
His name appears attached to the "Army Register of 1840,"
in conformity with a regulation requiring the names of five
of the most distinguished cadets' to be reported for this pur
pose at each annual examination. The legislature also made
a law for the organization of the militia, and divided the
militia into two classes — sedentary, and active. The sedeii-
tary militia comprised all persons liable to bear arms under
the State constitution, except those enrolled in the active

RESPONSE TO THE SECOND CALL OF THE PRESIDENT. 73
militia. The active militia, called also the home legion, con
sisted of all such citizens between the ages of eighteen and
forty-five as should enroll themselves and take the oath
of allegiance to the United States and the State of Indiana.
The State furnished these persons with arms, equipments,
and ammunition, and paid the expenses of drills. When
called into active service, they were to receive the same pay
as corresponding grades in the United States Army. They
were to provide themselves with uniforms similar to that of
the United States troops, and on being taken into the ser
vice of the General Government, were to receive compensa
tion for the cost of their uniform.
On the 3d of May the President issued a proclamation,
calling for Volunteer forces to serve three years or during
the war. Four regiments were assigned to Indiana, accom
panied by an earnest injunction to the Governor to call for
no more ; or if more were' already called for, to reduce the
number by discharge.
The second call of the President, and also the first, were
no doubt limited by the want of arms; as, while Southern
traitors were occufjying positions in the United States Gov
ernment, the armories in the Northern States had been almost
stripped, and the contents sent South. On the 19th of April,
fifteen thousand muskets in Harper's Ferry Armory had been
destroyed, to prevent their falling into the hands of the Con
federates; and the Springfield Armory, the only other de
pendence, was capable of producing only about twenty-five
thousand muskets annually. Much time must necessarily
elapse before arms could be brought from Europe. In addi
tion to the want of arms, the President and his Council were
greatly embarrassed by the continued discovery of traitors in
high places, and by the state of the treasury, which was pur
posely reduced to bankruptcy by the preceding administration.
In pursuance of the orders from the War Department, the
Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Seventeenth regiments
were transferred to the United States service in an incomplete
state. Governor Morton's policy of getting Indiana's quota
for three years accepted before any attempt was made to re
organize the three-months' men, prevented the confusion that

74 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
prevailed among the Volunteers of one of the neighboring
States, the Governor of which commenced 'to form the three-
years' regiments from the three-months' troops ; and had also
the effect of giving to Indiana six more regiments than
would otherwise have been allotted to the State. The
Twelfth and Sixteenth embraced all who declined to enter
the United States service for three years.
Before the close of the three months, the Thirteenth was
already in the field and actively engaged. The colonel of
this regiment, Jeremiah Sullivan, was a young man, little
more than thirty years old, but had served some time in the
navy, and learned there the importance and value of disci
pline, — a lesson now to be put in practice to the advantage
of himself and others. He arrived in Indianapolis from Madi
son, and reported to Governor Morton, with a company of one
hundred and two men, the Thursday after the fall of Sumter.
He was appointed commandant 'of a post, and engaged in
disciplining Volunteers, until, on the 4th of July, he left In
dianapolis as Colonel of the Thirteenth. Having arrived at
Buckhannon on the 8th, and the next day reached McClellan's
camp, twelve miles east, the regiment was in time to join in
Rosecrans's morning-walk over the rocks of Rich Mountain.
In the engagement with Colonel Pegram's rear, the Thirteenth
bore the hottest of the enemy's fire, and suffered loss in pro
portion. Seven men were killed on this their first battle-field,
and just seven days after their hopeful farewell to home.
They were buried with tenderness and care. Their graves
were covered with green sod, and marked with slabs inscribed
with name and age. A simple and transitory tribute, — but
their memory will ever be kept green.
The Fourteenth and Fifteenth regiments followed in the
wake of the Thirteenth as far as McClellan's camp. These
two regiments were made up respectively of Volunteers from
the western, southwestern, and northern portions of the State.
The colonel of the Fourteenth was Nathan Kimball, a grad
uate of Asbury University, and a physician in Loogootee.
He was a captain in the Second Indiana regiment in the
Mexican War, and distinguished himself in the battle of
Buena -Vista by the skill with which, during the retreat, he

FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH. 75
brought off his men in company form, and the coolness and
Dravery with whi?jh he conducted them back to the battle
field, and fought with them during the day. When Colonel
Bowles, who had given the disgraceful order to retreat, made
his appearance at dress-parade after the court martial, the
spirited captain refused to be inspected by him, and marched
his men off the parade-ground. He was court-martialled for
this offence, but his sword was soon returned to him.
The colonel of the Fifteenth was George D. Wagner, from
Pine Village, a man of energy and nerve, who with few
early advantages had made his way to a prominent place in
the State Senate, and was President of the State Board of
Agriculture. During the 12th of July, all McClellan's by no means in
significant army stood ready for battle, awaiting the concerted
signal, — the sound of firing from the rear of Pegram's camp.
They waited in vain, and moved only when a messenger
' from Rosecrans brought information of the defeat and flight
of the enemy. General McClellan then took up the line of
march to Beverly, which place he made his head-quarters
until called to a wider field. About the same time Rosecrans
went towards the Kanawha, which the Rebel General Wise
was threatening, and which was important as commanding
the road to Cumberland Gap and to loyal East Tennessee.
The Fourteenth and Fifteenth were left almost alone
guarding the Staunton turnpike from Beverly to Cheat
Mountain Pass, fifteen miles east. In a few days they re
ceived a reinforcement of a company of Rangers, and a day
later welcomed , their new General.
General Reynolds had no staff and no body-guard. A
member of General Morris's staff. Dr. Fletcher, formerly fife-
major of the Sixth, expressed his desire to remain, and was
at once transferred to the new General's staff, which he might
be said to form, as for a while there was no other member.
The company of cavalry known as the Bracken Rangers
offered itself to the General Government at the beginning
of the war, under the President's call for Volunteers; and
also to the State of Indiana, under an act of the legislature,
passed at the extra session, held in the spring.

76 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
The policy of the General Government was not then to
raise any but infantry regiments; and the* State authorities
declined to organize a force as provided by the act of the
legislature. In the eariy part of June, instructions came
from the War Department to have two companies of cav
alry immediately organized and prepared for the field. On
the receipt of these orders. Captain Bracken recruited his
company, and went into Camp Murphy. Such was the
enthusiasm in the formation of this company, that men too
late to find a vacancy offered from ten to two hundred dol
lars for the situation of private.
July 19th, the company left Indianapolis. The citizens
of Ohio were not yet tired of cheering, and the passage
through that State was, as usual, like a triumphal proces
sion. Although it was midnight when the train reached
Dayton, thousands stood ready with a joyful greeting and
more substantial evidences of consideration. At Webster,
between fifty and sixty prisoners, taken at various places,
were put under their charge and conducted by them to Bev
erly. While on the route an incident occurred showing the
dangers to which travellers and trains are frequently exposed.
In a narrow part of the road they met a train of wagons,
and the horses attached to a wagon containing fifteen pris
oners became unmanageable and plunged off the road, up
setting and dragging another wagon down the bluff. Tum
bling and rolling, horses and drivers, prisoners and wagons,
fell twenty feet together, without breaking a bone.
On their arrival at Beverly, the prisoners took an oath not
to bear arms against the United States Government, and
were released. Many of them immediately left for Staunton,
some not without returning thanks for the kind treatment
they had received. *
The battles of Laurel HUl, Rich Mountain, and Carrick's
Ford had driven the Rebels out cif Western Virginia, and
beyond the Cheat Mountain Range. The army of General
Reynolds, being only an army of occupation, was divided
into three camps, forming an almost equilateral triangle, with
a mountain bridle-path forming the base line between the
Elk Water and the Summit. The Staunton turnpike finds

BRACKENS RANGERS. 77
its way through Cheat Pass ; and a branch-road, connecting
Huntersville on the east with Huttonville, a village of some
half-dozen houses situated directly in the pass on the west,
runs a few miles to the south through Elk Water Pass.
General Reynolds established his head-quarters in the field,
near " Huttonville, and retained at this point the Thirteenth,
and nearly half the Bracken Rangers. A small detachment of
the latter was sent under Lieutenant Bassett to Elk Water,
with the Fifteenth. Colonel Kimball, with the Fourteenth,
already had possession of the Summit. Captain Bracken,
with the remainder of his company, was also sent to the
Summit. The Third Ohio, and batteries, consisting in all
of about fourteen guns, were about equally divided among
the camps. The whole force consisted of a little more than
four thousand. The Summit and Elk Water, by the wagon-
road, were eighteen miles apart ; Huttonville, between them,
was nearer the latter.
The Bracken Rangers were, not again together on duty
until the following February. Being the only company of
mounted men attached to the brigade during most of this
time, their duty as scouts, videttes, guards, and 'messengers
was constant, laborious, and dangerous. No expedition or
reconnoissance went out from any of the camps without
being accompanied by a detachment of Bracken's cavalry,
generally under command of a commissioned officer. The
character of the country through which they were operating
made it' impossible to move off the, travelled road, and ren
dered scouting on horseback extremely dangerous. At night,
if not on duty, standing picket with horse in hand or mounted,
they slept in their blankets, on pine or other boughs cut for
the purpose. Such was their mode of life, and such it
still is.

78 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER VIII.
GUARDING THE MOUNTAIN PASSES.
General Reynolds was fuUy aware of the responsibil
ity of his position, as warden of West Virginia, and he
immediately fell to work at the intrenchments. Both pri
vates and officers lustily plied spade and axe until this trin
ity of strongholds seemed invulnerable to any but an im
mensely superior force. The fortifications on the Summit
were built where the road makes an abrupt descent on both
sides, having no level land on top. The tall white piftes,
which here grow very close together, were cut down for
several acres, — the branches partially lopped and stripped,
and the trees arranged around the camp, with the points
out. Inside of this felled timber a strong wall of logs was
built, and . a deep ditch dug. Breastworks were thrown
across the road on either side, in a line with the fortifications,
and furnished with cannon, which on the east cotild sweep
the approach more than a mile. In the rear of the fortifi
cations there was no opening in the forest, except, at the
distance of a mile or two, an old road, long abandoned and
almost forgotten. The fortifications of Elk Water spanned
the valley, which was about three hundred yards wide. They
consisted of a deep and wide trench, and an embankment
thrown up with a regular gradation, that the men might
step up, shoot, and step back to load, in entire security. At
the ends of the embankment were pieces on batteries ranging
diagonally across the valley. The projector was Lieutenant-
Colonel Owen. «
On a fair day, a veil of blue mist hangs from two mas
sive peaks at the head of the passes, spreads over the jagged
outlines, north, east, and south, and lies along the rounded
western hills which guard the valley of the Tygart. A small
stream, showing in its sweet, transparent water the speckled

GUARDING THE MOUNTAIN PASSES. 79
mountain-trout and the white pebbles on its bottom, gives
its name, the Elk, to the southern pass. A mile and a quar
ter east of the Summit, the dark cold Cheat dashes along
its solitary and pine - bordered way to the Monongahela.
Summer never tarries long in the mountain - valleys, and
winter is always hovering over the mountain-tops. Even in
August snow sometimes falls. In this cold, rugged, yet pict
uresque and beautiful region our soldiers were destined to
remain many months. General Lee had collected Garnett's
scattered forces immediately after their escape, and so added
to them that in August he had an army of sixteen, thousand.
He fortified a position which nature had already made strong,
on the Staunton road, as it ascends the Alleghanies ; and sat
down cautiously to watch his foes upon the mountains in his
front. Lee is accredited by Pollard, the Southern historian,
with a " pious horror of guerrillas." However this may be,
our troops are confident that a regularly organized body of
bushwhackers, numbering five hundred, was connected with
his army, and that, though not acknowledged, they reported
to somebody. Their leader was Jim Gum, a man whose
appearance was suggestive of Lord Monboddo's theory of
the origin of mankind. His matted, tangled locks, wander
ing eyes, and claw-like fingers, — the mournful expression
which settled on his face when he was inactive, r — were aU
like those of some wild, shy, vicious, mountain-creature.
The laurel, growing like a dense hedge close to the path
and the roadside, afforded a hiding-place and safe retreat
to the guerrilla. The teamster on the wagon which carried
stores or mail to and from Beverly, Philippi, and Webster ;
the cavalry escort of an expedition sent out to buy forage ;
the picket at his distant post ; the sentinel on duty, not out
of sight of camp ; fell victims to the sure aim of the stealthy
murderer. On the 9th of August, three cavalry men came dashing
into the camp on the Summit, with the information, that,
as they, with two other horsemen and one infantry man,
were driving cattle along the Staunton road toward the
Summit, they had been fired on from the bushes. Unable
to turn out of the road with their horses, and unable even

80 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
to see the enemy, they had fled, leaving three of their nurar
ber, bleeding, on the ground, Exactly such an incident had
occurred the day but one before, except that two men in
stead of three had fallen. In consequence, the blast which
roused the camp explained itself. With no delay, cavalry
and infantry followed Colonel Kimball, and traced the steps
of the returned party. They had proceeded about four
mUes, when they met another party, bringing to camp two
prisoners taken the day before, near the place of the attack.
Colonel Kimball demanded of the prisoners — a sulky, almost
idiotic-looking couple — the number and whereabouts of their
gang. They refused to answer, — a right which all prisoners
but bushwhackers have. Colonel Kimball wasted a few
words in exhortations, a few more in threats ; then, exasper
ated beyond endurance, raised his pistol and fired. ¦ In the
words of one of the Rangers, " Then and there, in question
ing them, the Colonel shot one. of the prisoners, in order to
make him talk. After which proceeding the prisoner talked,
and was immediately cared for by a surgeon." The wound
was not severe. This man was a murderer, and was cap
tured as he lay in wait for assassination. As a partisan
ranger or bushwhacker, he was an outlaw. Yet the gener
ous and conscientious Kimball would surely not have fired
on an unarmed prisoner, who had npt yet received a trial,
had he not been greatly exasperated and excited.
A mile or two farther, the three wounded men were found
lying in the road. The guerrillas had appeared, after their
comrades had left, and had fired again on one, Han-y Cheyne,
adding a second to his already mortal wound. They were
taken up and carried carefully to camp. One died that night;
another in two days ; the third, Harry Cheyne, lay in the hos
pital on the mountain, until he was carried in a litter by his
comrades to Beverly, where he lingered two months, an un
complaining sufferer. His fellow-soldiers still speak of him
affectionately and sorrowfully. They repeat that he had no
hard feelings towards anybody but the man who shot him
after he was down. *
Only where the power of the United States Government
was forcibly felt, that is, only where guerrillas were seized

UNEXPECTED ENGAGEMENTS. 81
and punished without fail, did this sort of warfare become
less prevalent.
General Lee is a strategist, disinclined to bold and dashing
movements, averse to bloodshed, and fond of planning. He
proposed to surround and entrap the Union troops ; and to
accomplish his purpose, divided his forces, sending fifteen hun
dred men, under Colonel Rust of Arkansas, along the road
to the northern pass, while he himself crept toward Elk
Water. While the former should keep the Summit engaged,
the latter was to reach the rear and force the three camps,
one after the other, to surrender.
As the opposing forces were daily' brought nearer, recon
noitring parties frequently, and at many different points,
came in contact. The immense forest, the ragged rocks, the
winding course of the two roads and of the few by-paths,
by obscuring an approach or an encampment, sometimes
brought on unexpected engagements, and were conducive to
unanticipated successes. One exhilarating day in August,
a day inviting to adventure. Captain Hill of the Twenty-
Fourth Ohio, which had lately been added to the little army,
and Captain Thomson of the Fourteenth Indiana, left the
Summit with about two hundred men, and advanced along
the Staunton road two miles beyond our pickets. Here
they spent the night. At dawn they renewed their march,
although they were now almost within the enemy's outposts.
Journeying along the still mountain road, they examined every
opening and every ravine. Wherever on their return they
might be cut off, they left a small force. At Hanging Rock,
a dangerous point at the crossing of the Greenbrier, they left
ten men, and pushed across the shallow stream with the re
mainder of their number, now about thirty. A drizzling rain
and a heavy mist hid the mountains and obscured the valleys.
They saw but a short distance before them, and came unex
pectedly upon the Rebel pickets. Taking advantage of the
mist, which concealed, if it did not magnify their number,
they boldly attacked the pickets, drove them in, and captured
three cavalry horses with equipments. They also captured a
guard, quartered at a house on the roadside. Audaciously
pressing onward, they turned a spur of the hill and came in

82 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
full view of a thousand or more white tents, — infantry form-
ing in line of march, and cavalry moving in the meadow be
low to intercept their retreat. One glance was sufficient.
The thirty-two invaders of Rebel territory turned their back
to the foe, and with the steady tread of men and the rapid
tramp of horses behind them, reached and passed Hanging
Rock, which the ten pickets were preparing to defend from a
body of cavalry approaching by another route. Suspecting
an ambush, the enemy at this point stopped the pursuit.
General Lee considered the attainment of the position
he had planned by far the most difficult part of his under
taking ; and when, after almost incredible exertions in the
ascent of precipitous heights, and almost exhausting endur
ance of cold, he succeeded in planting himself on both sides
of Elk Water, and Colonel Rust gained the crags of Cheat,
he hoped to catch in his open hand the fruits of success.
The brave spirits within the mountain fortifications .were
not prepared to succumb, the less so as they were not aware
of the immense superiority in numbers of Lee's army. Since
the middle of August, reinforcements, consisting of the Sev
enteenth Indiana and several Ohio regiments, had been re
ceived. General Reynolds now moved his head-quarters and
all his available force to Elk Water, and prepared for a vigor
ous defence. The troops had every confidence in their Gen
eral, their cause, and themselves, and saw the. gathering and
thickening dangers with delight.
During the second week in September, the mountains
swarmed with Confederates. They were in front and in the
rear; to the right and to the left. General Reynolds kept
up constant skirmishing, kept men sleeping in the trenches,
and the Rangers with their horses saddled and bridled.
September 8th, Sunday, Lieutenant-Colonel Owen, with
two hundred and twenty-five infantry and four dragoons,
to be used as messengers, was ordered by Colonel Wagner
to proceed along the turnpike until he should meet the enemy,
but to bring on no general engagement. The first night one
half of the command slept on their arms, while the other
half kept guard. They made no fires and preserved entire
silence. Before daylight, they resumed their advance. They

RECONNOITRING. 83
carefully examined both sides of the road ; nevertheless they
came so suddenly and so close upon a troop of Confeder
ates, that a private of the Fifteenth, almost before he was
aware, was engaged in a hand-to-hand scuffle. It was im
possible to avoid an engagement, and Colonel Owen ordered
his men to fire by sections, then to countermarch, re-form, and
load in the rear. A brisk but brief action followed. A num
ber of prisoners was taken. Not a man was lost. The
prisoners represented their camp to consist of eight thousand
men. Monday, Colonel Wagner ordered Captain Templeton, of
the Fifteenth, to advance with two companies eight miles
along the Huntersville road, and hold a point four miles from
the enemy's camp. Major Christopher of the Sixth Ohio,
¦with a hundred men, was placed in the rear, as a support.
Wednesday morning. Captain Templeton's pickets were
driven in. He sent for reinforcements. Colonel Wagner im
mediately sent the left wing of the Fifteenth, with Major
Wood, and orders still to hold the position ; but when in a
short time a scout, who had been posted three miles to the
east, reported a column of two thousand moving with the
evident intention of cutting off Captain Templeton and
Major Christopher, Colonel Wagner sent orders for the
entire force to fall back instantly.
Wednesday night, Captain Coon, of the Fourteenth, was
ordered to guard the bridle-path leading from Cheat Summit
to Elk Water, a distance of seven miles. Taking with him
sixty men, he left the sleeping camp on the Summit and
proceeded down the mountain. Near midnight, finding the
darkness so great as to render the woods impenetrable, the
scouts bivouacked; but rousing at dawn, they set about
their duty. During the same night General !^ee had thrown
into these same woods three regiments ; and Colonel Rust,
from his position in front, two regiments. These were now
making their way to the right and rear of Cheat. Mountain,
and by this time were on every side of Captain Coon's com
pany of scouts. Nothing however suggested danger, except
the aspect of a farm-house, which, although known to be oc
cupied the day before, was now closed and deserted. Cap-

-- 84 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
tain Coon halted and sent two men forward. They returned
and reported traces of six horses. A corporal, with four men,
was immediately sent to reconnoitre more closely. The
little squad crossed a narrow meadow, entered a wood, and
commenced ascending a hill, before either sight or sound
occurred to confirm suspicion. When half-way up the height,
a salute of twenty or thirty muskets gave the required intel
ligence, brought the squad to a stand, and started Captain
Coon forward. Several hundred muskets from the rocks
above forced a retreat behind the steep bank of a small
stream. From this shelter. Captain Coon and his company
fired for a short time' in safety, and with great effect; but
by the threat of a flanking movement on the part of the
enemy, they were driven back to several piles of logs. Here
again there was a stand, and hot firing ; again there was a
threatened flanking movement, and again a retreat.
The great body of the Rebels, following the deserted road,
had unobserved come between the Summit and the outposts,
and concealed themselves within a few feet of the highway,
waiting for sufficient light to enable them to make an attack.
Not half a mile from camp they seized the supply - train,
which left every morning at daylight and returned every after
noon with provisions. Shortly after, a single Ranger, going
to his post, discovered the train without drivers and horses,
and gave the alarm. Colonel Kimball, with twenty officers
and two companies of the Fourteenth, Captains Williamson
and Brooks, repaired to the spot to reconnoitre. Discover
ing the enemy, yet unconscious of his strength, he opened
fire. He soon saw that he was opposed by a very large num
ber; nevertheless he ordered his men to hold their ground,
and had the pleasure of seeing the whole force of the enemy
throw aside gi^s, clothing, and everything that impeded
progress, and fly. Small scouting parties, at different points,
engaged the enemy under the same misunderstanding as to
numbers. .The boldness of these little parties misled the
Confederates. They supposed themselves discovered, and
were the more easily intimidated.
Meantime Captain Higgins, of the Twenty-fourth Ohio,
with ninety men, was out in search of Captain Coon. WhUe

HEROISM OF A RANGER. 85
pressing through the woods they received a volley from a
hundred guns. Two or three volleys were exchanged ; but
Major Harrow, of the Fourteenth, coming up with two com
panies, and learning from prisoners the number in front,
drew in the men and posted them, as advance guard, two
miles nearer camp. Late in the day, Captain Coon and the
larger portion of his men came in. They were torn and
scratched by briers, and wet from wading numerous streams.
They had been almost throttled by vines, had lost their hats
and their shoes, and bore in their whole appearance evidence
that they had barely escaped with their lives. Their com
rades, now fully aware of the dangers they had endured and
had escaped, greeted them with cheers and even tears of sur
prise and joy.
Lieutenant Junod, Company E, Fourteenth Indiana, at a
picket station east of the Summit, with a force of thirty -five
men, was attacked by five hundred. Junod was killed ; as
was also a private, George Winder. All the others escaped.
One saved himself by throwing up his hands and falling as
if lifeless.
In another warm engagement on the west, thirty were able
to keep a position against several thousand. The same day,
Thursday, early in the morning. General Reynolds despatched
Britz and Pulver, two of the Bracken Rangers, and a tele
graphic operator, with orders to Colonel Kimball. Not more
than a mile from Elk Water, the messengers were warned
by pickets of hidden danger along the bridle-path. Glimpses
of horses, tied in thickets, confirmed report and suspicion ; but
Britz, who carried the despatches, was resolved to proceed.
His comrades contended that to return would be in accord
ance with orders. Britz would hear no argument. " Go
back, if you will," he said, " but the first obstacle shall not
turn me from what I have undertaken. I'll go on if it cost
me my life ! " With that, he put spurs to his horse, and
the spirited animal sprang up the broken path. Unwilling
to desert their daring comrade, yet unwilling to proceed, the
others followed more slowly. Suddenly the sound of rifles
from behind the thickets ! Rifles of the unseen foe ! The
bold Britz fell, shot through the head, and dead on the instant.

86 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
In turning, the telegrapher's horse stumbled and rolled down
a steep declivity, crashing through bush and brier at least a
hundred feet. Two days after, the man came into camp,
unhurt. Alarmed for the safety of Colonel Kimball, General Rey
nolds determined to force communication with the Summit,
and he ordered the Second Virginia and the Third Ohio to
cut their way by the path, and the Thirteenth to do the
same by the road. The two commands started at three on
Tuesday morning. They met with no opposition, and arrived
at the Summit to find the camp rejoicing over the repulse '
of what was supposed to be mere reconnoitring parties.
On this same day. Captain Stough, of the Nineteenth, had
a sharp engagement with a small number of horsemen, and
carried from the field the body of an officer shot by Sergeant
Lieber. That dead officer was a handsome man ; but it was
not his robust beauty and strength, lying in the helplessness of
death, that hushed the group gathered around him in camp;
it was his name — Washington. The dead man was John
A. Washington, who made the burial-place of the Father of
his Country a thing of merchandise. His treason was in
accordance with his character, yet it was not in accordance
¦with the laws of nature: —
 " For not at once
Begets a house, a demigod, or monster ;
Only a line of evil or of noble
Brings forth at last the -wretch to curse, or him
Who sho^wers blessings." *
Men, rough in speech and thought, were conscious of the
unfitness of his name. " What wiU George say to John when
he goes up ? " one asked of a comrade. " John Avill never go
up," replied the other, gravely.
Saturday and Sunday very strong forces attempted flank
*  "Denn es erzeugt nicht gleich
Ein Haus den Halbgott noch das Ungeheuer;
Erst eine Reihe Boser oder Guter
Bringt endlich das Entsetzen, bringt die Freude
Der Welt hervor." Goethe's IpTiigenie auf Tauris.

THE VOLUNTEER NOT A "MACHINE." 87
movements, but with no better success than on the preced
ing day. General Lee then gathered up his troops and
retired, his rear completely routed on the retreat by the Thir
teenth Indiana. The roads were left full of knapsacks, guns,
and other proofs of the fatigue and alarm of the Confederates.
Seldom has a plan, so well laid as that of General Lee,
so well and boldly carried out to the very last stage, failed
so completely.
The mountains were climbed, the rear of the Union camps
was gained ; the camps were surrounded, and attacked re
peatedly from every quarter. Lee's force was overwhelming
in numbers ; yet he could find no vulnerable point, and did
not succeed in gaining a single salute from the batteries
within the intrenchments. The communication between the
camps was obstructed but one day. His failure was no dis
credit to him. It was due alone to the sleepless vigilance
of General Reynolds and his officers, and the number and the
daring of the scouting parties. Meeting armed men at every
turn and at every step of advance, the Confederates imag
ined their number discovered, and their enemy in force ;
while the Federal troops in almost every instance supposed
themselves engaging small scouting parties, and were re
joiced rather than elated at the series of victories.
Colonel Kimball had lost popularity since he had been
among the mountains, from an unfortunate use of the word
" machine," which, in insisting upon the necessity of discipline,
he had applied to the soldier. To the Volunteer, fresh from
the unrestrained and independent life of the American cit
izen, the term was suggestive only of the slavish life and
character of the European soldier, and was, in consequence,
inexpressibly distasteful. Probably no overt act on the part
of one in authority, and certainly no word, could have been
equally offensive. But in the hour of danger, Colonel Kim
ball showed himself so skilful in plan, so prompt in action,
so watchful, so brave, and so regardless of his own comfort
and safety, that the Volunteers, as generous in acknowledg
ing merit as they were jealous of an invasion of personal
dignity, not only forgave . the obnoxious term, but gave to
the Colonel the most hearty admiration and confidence.

88 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Our loss in the engagements was singulariy small — nine
killed, two missing, and sixty prisoners. The killed from
Indiana, besides those already mentioned, were two of the
Fourteenth and two of the Fifteenth.
The ambulance, sent to bring in the remains of Junod and
Winder, returned empty ; the affectionate sharers of their dan
ger insisting on carrying the dead in their arms.
The funeral ceremonies were performed the day of Lee's
retreat. The scene was solemn and was rendered peculiarly
impressive by the unusual circumstances and surroundings, —
the tall dark firs and hoary rocks, the piercing wail of the
trumpet and fife, the parting salute over the graves, and above
all that strange feeling of nearness to the Unseen, which comes
oftener and more thrillingly to the sojourner on the moi;in-
tain-top than to the inhabitant of the plain.
Successful as was General Reynolds's repulse of Lee, he
was convinced of the necessity of reinforcements, and ear
nestly represented his need to Governor Morton and to the
War Department. Without waiting for orders from the
Department, Governor Morton immediately sent to his aid
the Seventh and Ninth Indiana, which were barely organized.
When Milroy received orders to move, the regiment was not
full, but he obtained permission to complete the number from
the Twenty-eighth Indiana, which was recruiting at the same
place. Orders from the War Department came the day after
the regiments left.
During the latter part of September and the first of Octo
ber, the light showers, common to all mountain regions, gave
place to furious storms. Quiet brooks, which in summer
wind their rippling way around the rocks, and gently wash
the bared roots of pine and oak, now tore rocks and trees
from their foothold or dashed over them, sweeping along every
less firm obstacle. Summer breezes became roaring, howling,
shrieking blasts. The motionless mist was swept away by
a dull, driving army of clouds.
The night of September 27th was fearful. Rain fell in
torrents. The blast through the narrow gorge of Elk Water
was like the pealing of a gigantic trumpet. The trembling
tents started from their foundations. The Elk rose, and

THE PELTING OF PITILESS STORMS. 89
dashed down a great part of the fortifications, ana threat
ened to carry away blankets, clothing, and men.
None were so exposed in these autumn storms as the pickets
at their distant and solitary posts. A little party of soldiers
sometimes watched for days together in some untravelled
bridle-path or on some ledge of rocks, where the stillness of
day was not less than that of night, and was never broken
except by the rattle of the creeping snake, the stealthy step
of the mountain-fox, or the cry of some more savage animal.
The squirrel and rabbit live in milder regions ; birds also seek
a warmer climate. There could be few severer tests of physi
cal courage than the dreary beat of these distant sentinels.
One night, a single Ranger was riding along the mountain,
through a forest which added its shade to the darkness of
a moonless and cloudy sky. Unable to see, and therefore
unable to pick his way, he proceeded slowly, his horse's hoofs,
now crushing a dead limb, now starting a loose stone, alone
breaking the stillness. Suddenly a rustle, a gleam, the quick
springing and trampling of feet! Almost before the thought
of bushwhackers could form itself, a line of motionless fig
ures stood before him. That creeping, icy terror, which in a
moment of awful danger is not unknown to the stoutest
heart, froze his blood. He waited the deadly click of the
rifle, A minute, and no sound ; another, still no sound.
Then, to the equal amazement and relief of horseman and
horse, the foe turned, and swiftly leaping back into the forest,
revealed a body of startled deer.
The storms of September converted the turnpikes into long
and deep stretches of mud ; and wagons were three and even
four days coming from Webster, fifty miles, whence all army
stores and mail-matter were brought. Government horses
suffered sadly, drivers, in their impatience, neglecting alike
the dictates of humanity and honesty.
With the first week of October, the storms passed away ;
and the sun — shining over forests lighted up with the glo
rious hues of autumn, the dying leaf only the more brilliant
from its proximity to the fadeless needle of the evergreen —
revealed a magnificence double that of summer.
During the summer and the greater part of the fall, the

90 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
troops suffered for want of proper clothing. They had
scarcely built their fortifications before they felt the necessity
of a warmer dress, July though it was. General Reynolds
sent a requisition for overcoats, but it received no attention.
A second requisition met with no better success. He applied
to Governor Morton, but it was long before even Governor
Morton was able to elicit anything but despatches from neg
lectful officials. Agents asserted that clothing had been
bought ; clothiers, that it had been sold ; railroad-men, that
it had passed over the road. The information and reports
seemed satisfactory and accurate. But no clothing reached
the Cheat Mountains, and no railroad official could ever trace
its route. Three messengers, sent on an exploring expedition,
returned unsuccessful. A fourth, while burrowing in a ware
house on the. Kanawha, to his surprise and delight, came
upon several boxes of United States uniforms. They had
been soaked in a freshet, and had lain until they had rotted,
and were now useless. But the discovery added the impetus/
of hope to the search. More boxes were found. Yet thou
sands of suits were not discovered and not accounted for.
Though there never has been an exposure of all the cir
cumstances, it is certain that greedy men caused much suf
fering to our faithful and patient soldiers that summer and
fall. During the search and investigation, the Volunteers con-
tinned their acquaintance with mountain breezes and storms,
their tatters flying like flags, their blue fingers showing the
grip of ague, and their bare feet steadily pursuing the guard's
rough round. Not until November was passing into De
cember did rags yield to whole and comfortable garments
He who would rob our Government or our soldiers, is capa
ble of any crime, and incapable of any virtue.
General Lee went to the Kanawha region, immediately
after his unsuccessful attempt upon the Federal fortifications,
and left General H. R. Jackson with a large force strongly
intrenched ten or twelve miles southeast of Cheat Mountain
Summit^ on a series of natural terraces, which form the slope
of one of the Alleghany Mountains, and which offer an ex
traordinarily advantageous position for defence. The valley at

I TAX NOT YOU, YOU ELEMENTS. 91
the base of this slope is almost oval in form, encircled by hills,
and terminated at the northwest extremity by the Cheat Moun
tain, on the Summit of which had so long been Colonel Kim
ball's head-quarters. Its width varies from two miles to
half a mile ; its direct length, from the foot of one range to
the foot of the other, is little more than six miles. At the base
of the Cheat the road crosses a branch of the Greenbrier ; at
the foot of the Alleghany it crosses the Greenbrier. On the
road at the river-crossing stood a tavern called the " Travel
ler's Repose," and at a little distance a mill. The fortifica
tions began immediately behind these houses, the mill-race
serving as a moat for parts of two sides, and extended into
the forest which crowned the Summit and which stretched
down to the water's edge, completely concealing a great part
of the defences, especially on the left flank. Particulars in
regard to the position and strength of this camp, called ,Camp
Bartow, were unknown to General Reynolds, and, as the val
ley was held by Rebel pickets, their line extending to the very
base of the Cheat, could be obtained only by a reconnoissance
in force.
In consequence, he determined, in the latter part of Septem
ber, to make an armed reconnoissance, and sent the Ninth
and Fifteenth in advance from Elk Water to the Summit.
The commencement of the expedition was not auspicious.
Having been ordered not to encumber themselves with bag
gage, the men were without tents, and, during four days'
detention on the bleak Summit, were exposed, entirely
unsheltered, to fiercely inclement weather. Crouching amid
rocks and brush, in water and mud, they endured a rain which
poured down forty-eight hours without a moment's cessation.
The cold was so bitter, and the want of sleep so exhausting,
that some of those brave and patient men, uninured as they
yet were to hardship, wept like children ; and the officers,,
Milroy especially, full of affectionate concern and sympathy,
often felt their own eyes blinded with tears during those ter
rible hours. A number sank under the exposure and were
carried to the hospital. The suffering was not confined to
the men, — several horses and mules died from the cold.
At midnight of October ^d, the movement towards Green-

92 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
brier began. The force consisted of about five thousand :
three Ohio regiments, two batteries, and a part of a third;
three cavalry companies. Bracken's Indiana, Greenfield's Penn
sylvania, and Robinson's Ohio ; and the Seventh, Ninth,
Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Seventeenth Indiana.
The four last-named regiments had been greatly reduced by
exposure, hard service, and sickness. In September, when
Lee made his onset, the few sick threw down their blankets,
snatched up their guns, and ran from the hospitals to the
ranks ; but now about half the men, as they were roused at
midnight, lay and listened to the heavy tread of the depart
ing force with only a languid interest. The Ninth led the
advance. The night was dark. The march- was in silence,
except when trees had to be chopped from the road. At
daylight they arrived at the bridge over the north branch of
the Greenbrier, about four miles from the Confederate Camp.
A lively skirmish took place here between Confederate pickets
and two companies of the advance. One of the Ninth was
killed, and another slightly wounded. The pickets retreated
rapidly; and the Ninth dashed after them, not stopping
until ordered to halt, within two miles of the Rebel camp,
for the artillery.
The front of Camp Bartow was hidden from view by a
densely wooded hillock, which in its thickets now sheltered
between six and eight hundred of the enemy. Colonel Kim
ball was ordered to clear a place on this knoll for Loomis's
Battery, Colonel Milroy and Colonel Dumont to march along
the river to the right, and be prepared to give assistance if
needed. With a shout, the ragged Fourteenth rushed up the
hill-side. A warm contest ensued. The Confederates fought
with a spirit they had not before shown, and yielded the
ground only as they were driven. The Ninth and Seventh
.pouring on their flank, they were forced to the left, their own
right, and back to their fortifications.
Within about seven hundred yards of the intrenchments,
the National troops halted, and throwing themselves on their
faces, lay nearly an hour, while an arrillery duel took place
over them. It was a singular situation, at least for raw
troops, — Loomis and Howe and Daum in their rear, Confed-

AFFAIR AT GREENBRIER. 93
erate cannon booming in their front, the mountains echoing
the hollow roar of guns and multiplying the shrill shriek of
shells. Yet in spite of novelty, tumult, and danger, some
of the men were so weary that they fell asleep.
During the hottest of the firing, rockets were observed to go
up from the camp ; and soon after reinforcements of perhaps
five thousand were seen coming down the road behind the
enemy. General Reynolds, who stood on a knoll in a line
with the batteries, was able to observe the movements of both
armies without a glass. He thought the Confederate force,
before the arrival of the reinforcements, amounted to about
five thousand ; and he did not consider it prudent to continue
the attack, especially as he had gained the information he
desired. But some appearance on the part of the enemy of
a movement on our left flank, and the urgent entreaty of the
officers who surrounded him, induced General Reynolds to
give orders for an attack on the enemy's right. For this pur
pose the troops supporting the batteries were hastily sum
moned ; and the Rebel troops were met by the Seventh,
Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Indiana, and the Twenty-fourth
Ohio. The Seventh, a raw regiment, which had as yet
scarcely heard the sound of cannon, was put in the van, and
received a furious storm of balls. Some say it hesitated, oth
ers, authority as good, assert that it not only held its ground,
but advanced. Certainly it did not run; and when, after a
short but fierce contest, orders to retire were given, the Sev
enth, as well as-the other regiments engaged, retreated in good
order. The desire to resume the attack was loudly and universally
expressed, but the orders were peremptory, and the troops
were obliged to turn their back to the enemy. They marched
away slowly and sullenly, the Ninth bringing up the rear, and
burning with indignation as cannon-balls and traitor cheers
were hurled after them. They seized every pretext for linger
ing, in the hope of being pursued and forced into a decisive
engagement. But the Confederates could not be enticed from
their stronghold, and the Union troops reached Cheat Moun
tain Summit in safety and unmolested. They had marched
twenty-four miles, and had been under fire four hours.

94 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
The National loss was nine killed, six of these were Indian
ians ; thirty-two wounded, — an extremely small loss for so
severe a combat. It is affecting to see in the list of the killed,
after the name of J. Urner Price, a member of the Fourteenth,
the simple remark, " He died a Christian as he had lived one."
The Confederates had three guns disabled, and lost, accord
ing to their own account, fifty men. General Reynolds, wi[iose
estimation of numbers is always very moderate, reckoned
their loss over two hundred.
On the return the Seventh discovered, to its consternation,
that its banner was missing. The color-bearer, called to
account, was obliged to confess, that, when the troops sup
porting the batteries were ordered to throw themselves on the
ground, he had put the banner, for safe-keeping, in a fence-
corner, or against a tree, and having fallen asleep, had forgot
ten it when roused to join in the attack on the enemy's right.
This ridiculous incident gave to the Seventh the title of
Banner Regiment, — a title given in mockery, and received
in some mortification, but fitting to be worn now in all honor
by the men who fought at Port Republic. The battle of
Greenbrier closed the campaign.
Milroy had been appointed Brigadier- General, September
3d ; but a brigade was not assigned to him until the second
week in October, when he was given the command of the
brigade at Cheat Summit. He at once commenced an active
system of daily scouting, particularly in the direction of
Greenbrier, which place he supposed General Reynolds would
attack again. Milroy's scouts several times passed around
Greenbrier Camp, and had skirmishes with the Rebels on all
sides of , the fortifications. The enemy began to think their
position unsafe, especially as Jackson, who had now with
drawn from the Cheat Mountain region, had greatly dimin
ished their number ; and they fell back nine miles, to a point
on the Alleghanies, which they strongly fortified.
General Milroy, with a portion of his forces, followed them
up the day after they fell back ; he found a large amount of
camp equipage about the deserted fortifications, with several
pugnacious epistles addressed to him and his troops. He
followed to the immediate vicinity of Alleghany Summit,

IN THE WILDERNESS. 95
where he captured a Georgia soldier, from whom he learned
the situation and strength of the forces there.
G^eneral Milroy gave his personal attention to every duty,
and frequently hastened a lingering job with the strength and
skill of his own arm. On one occasion, thinking that his
men were long in repairing a bridge, he got off his horse and
went into the water up to his waist, to assist in arrang
ing the logs. While he was at this work, a teamster came
along and commenced cursing the men for their tardiness.
The General looked up and said, " You look pretty stout ;
suppose you give us a lift." " See you damnefl first!" was
the surly reply. " Look here," said the General, " if you give
us any more of your abuse, I'll come up there and pummel
your head with a stone." The teamster went on, and soon
met with an acquaintance of whom he inquired, " Who is
that gray-headed cuss back there at the bridge ? He 's mighty
sassy." "Why!" exclaimed the acquaintance, "that's our
Old Gray Eagle ! " The teamster, who already had had some
misgivings, returned to apologize.
Much time was spent in building substantial cabins. The
sound of the axe and the saw, accompanied by joke and
song, enlivened the forest, and gave promise of comfort to the
coming winter. The last week in October the troops were
inspected by Major Slemmer, of Fort Pickens' fame. He
gave them high praise, not only for the cleanliness of their
camps and clothes, and for the brightness of their arms, but
for the superiority of their discipline. He ranked them among
the best drilled in the service.
October 28th, the Thirteenth left camp on a reconnoi
tring expedition through the southern part of Randolph, and
through Webster county. They took no baggage, carried their
provisions, which consisted of four days' rations, on mules,
and were prepared with axes to chop their way. They
plunged, almost at once, into a pathless wilderness, through
which they were five days journeying. They were frequently
obliged to cut a passage through dense thickets ; and once
could find no place for their feet except in the bed of the
Holly, which they traversed eight miles. They slept nightly
on beds of moss, which were softer than the finest mattresses,

gg THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
but saturated with rain. The 1st of November, at noon,
while they were at the foot of a steep mountain covered with
trees and underbrush, a heavy volley was poured on them
from above. Two companies immediately charged up the
mountain, although no enemy was visible. They soon dis
covered the ambush, and drove the enemy back about three
hundred yards. At this distance the Rebels rallied, and again
seeking shelter, continued the fight for a very short time,
when they fled. The Thirteenth, being already weary with a
march of eighteen miles, encamped on the spot for the night.
Beyond the 'Little Kanawha they discovered a block-house,
evidently newly built. They approached with some caution,
but found, to their surprise and delight, that the garrison, con
sisting of nearly a hundred, was loyal. The mountaineers of
the region, who were faithful to the Government, had found
it necessary to defend themselves from the Moccasin Rangers,
a military company sworn to exterminate Union citizens,
and had just finished the fort, in which they expected to find
protection until they could call for and receive assistance.
The spectacle of sturdy patriotism afforded by these honest
mountaineers repaid the soldiers for many a weary mile; and
the hearty sympathy and admiration they bestowed was not
less grateful to the Virginians. They met and parted with
the cordiality of brothers.
The Thirteenth took the Rebel mail, on the line of commu
nication between two portions of the Rebel Army, a large
quantity of Confederate money, and thirteen rancorous Seces
sionists, four of whom were bushwhacking at the time of
then capture. The remaining seven belonged to the military
company of which mention has already been made. The
prisoners were preposterous specimens of humanity, savage
and snaky, like Indians, — but stupid in countenance, drawling
in speech, lathy in form, and dangling in movement. They
evinced no distress, nor_ anxiety, nor curiosity, nor regret
They seemed passionless, yet they had shown themselves
fearfully blood-thirsty.
The Thirteenth reached camp, hungry, haggard, and dilap
idated, but well satisfied with having explored in nine days
one hundred and eighty miles of the wildest region in West
Virginia.

BATTLE OF ALLEGHANY. 97
General Reynolds and the larger number of his troops
were ordered to leave West Virginia about the first of De
cember. General Milroy was put in command of Cheat
Mountain district, embracing the posts of Beverly, Hutton
ville, Elk Water, and Cheat Mountain ; and one regiment
was assigned to each post. Being left to himself, with the
Ninth Indiana, the Twenty-fifth and Thirty-second Ohio,
Second Virginia, and Bracken's Cavalry, Milroy immediately
commenced preparations to attack the Rebel works at Alle
ghany Summit. The Thirteenth Indiana, although under
orders to leave, had not yet left Beverly on the 12th of De
cember; and General Reynolds, who was also still at Bev-
erly, sent up about three hundred of the Thirteenth, and one
hundred of the Thirty-second Ohio. These, with the Ninth
Indiana, (five hundred,) Twenty-fifth Ohio, (four hundred,)
' Second Virginia, (two hundred and fifty,) and about thirty
of the Rangers, moved on the 12th toward the Confederate
camp. At Greenbrier, the old Camp Bartow, about eleven
o'clock at night, Milroy divided his forces, and sent Colonel
Moody with the Ninth and the Second Virginia to make a
dStour to the right for the purpose of reaching the left flank
of the Rebels, which commanded the Staunton turnpike.
Milroy left Greenbrier about an hour after Colonel Moody,
and going on the direct road, reached the vicinity of the Con
federate works about daylight, a little later than the concerted
time of attack.
He sent his detachment to the left up the hill. At the top
they fell in with a strong picket-guard, which they endeavored
to capture, to prevent discovery, as they were directed to
remain in the woods until they heard firing from Moody,
.at the other side of the camp. A part of the pickets escaped^
and gave the alarm ; and when Milroy's detachment emerged
from the woods, it was met by the whole Confederate force,
about two thousand strong. After a desperate engagement
of about half an hour, the enemy was driven into his works,
which' consisted of huts, built so that they formed fortifica
tions with a hollow square. Milroy's men charged gallantly
in after them, and for a time held part of their works. They
were forced back, but repulsed the Rebels with great loss to

98 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
them every time they attempted to advance beyond their works.
The fight was thus kept up until the Union troops had no
more ammunition, and hearing nothing of Colonel Moody
on the other side, became discouraged. General Milroy was
reluctantly compelled to retire from the conflict. He carried
with him his wounded, and thirty prisoners, and retired in
good order.
Scarcely had Milroy reached the base of the hill, when
Moody arrived at the top on the other side. He had been
detained, first by the wretched nature of the roads, afterwards
by obstructions of trees and brush. Near the camp the
obstructions were sO great, it was almost impossible to
advance. The sound of cannon seemed to restore the ex
hausted strength of his men. They made their way over
breastworks and through ditches until the very last line was
reached. There they fought four hours with fiery and desper
ate energy, but neither the valor nor skill of so small a force
could avail against the whole Confederate power massed at
this point ; and baffled, overcome, they were at last obliged to
turn and retreat.
Could Colonel Moody have attacked simultaneously with
Milroy, there is little doubt that the assault would have been
a complete success. As it was, it was a melancholy, an utter
failure. Costly blood sprinkled that Rebel hill; and not the least
precious was that of Joseph Gordon, a beautiful, brave youth,
whose culture, talent, and lofty aspirations gave promise of a
noble career. Shot in the forehead, he fell almost at the cab
ins of the enemy, and while his clear, young voice, caUing to
his comrades to " Come on ! " was still ringing through the
woods. The number of National troops killed was twenty-four;
wounded, one hundred and seven ; missing, ten. The exact
amount of the enemy's loss is not known.

BRACKEN RANGERS. 99

CHAPTER IX.
THE BRACKEN RANGERS.
During the months of August and September Bracken's
Rangers were employed night and day, — nearly all the time
on half rations, seldom on full, frequently without any. , Hay
was furnished as it could be procured in the neighborhood ;
corn and oats from Webster by wagon, a distance of over
fifty miles. Early in October they were sent to Beverly to
rest and to pasture the horses. In November they were
recalled, excepting a small number, and scattered about among
the different posts. Those remaining in Beverly had the
county jail — a large, comfortable, two-story brick building —
assigned them as winter-quarters. They had charge of the
prisoners captured, conveying them from time to time to
Grafton, for transportation to prison at Columbus, Ohio.
This duty was severe, as it was performed in midwinter,
when the roads were almost impassable. A progress of a
mile an hour was " on time." When from necessity the
speed was increased to a mile and a half an hour, both pris
oners and guard suffered and complained.
The efforts of the members of the company to be Rangers
not only in name but in fact, fully succeeded. They were to
be found wherever there was " forage and rations," and some
times where there was neither. They made an unusual
number of acquaintances. Even the Secesh girls, who had
"cousins" -in the Rebel Army, did not, hesitate to give them
a bright smile. This happy disposition to wander led to the
discovery of the hiding-places of wild turkeys, geese, ducks,
and such other animals as are accustomed to make sudden
attacks on soldiers, biting them severely. Their quarters.
New- Year's eve, were filled with these dangerous animals,
the Rangers intending to guard them till high noon, when they
would take ample satisfaction for all past sufferings. But

100 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
the General had prepared a different feast. Daylight found
them mounted, their horses' heads turned southward toward
their old camping-ground at Huttonville.
An expedition had been planned against Huntersville, a
rendezvous and depot of supplies for the Rebel Army and'
guerrillas. Detachments from the Second Virginia, Twenty-
fifth Ohio, Bracken's Cavalry (under Lieutenant Delzell), in
all six hundred men, under the command of Major Webster,
of the Twenty-fifth Ohio, formed the expedition. They
encamped that night at Big Spring, — so named from one
of tlie large and beautiful springs common in these moun
tains. No one in that command will forget the darkness
of that night, or the terrible wind which swept down the
mountain gorges.
Taking a soldier's breakfast, the troops pushed on, not
only success but their safety depending upon their reaching
Huntersville before reinforcements could be sent there. The
second night they encamped at the commencement of a
blockade of the road made by Lee's army on its retreat from
Elk Water the previous September. It was formed of felled
trees, was a mile in extent, and in some places twenty feet
high. It formed a complete defence, impassable even to a
footman. Gathering pine boughs for beds, the troops clus
tered around the fires which lighted the gloomy aisles of the
pine forest. The Rangers, as usual, faring better than their
comrades, had saddles for pillows. Leaving the wagohs the
next morning, they scaled the mountain sides, the cavalry
horses being led over untrodden paths. By ten o'clock they
had reached the open road. At the bridge over Greenbrier
River, the enemy was first discovered in strong works, pre
pared to dispute the passage; but the cavalry fording the
river above the bridge, the enemy fled without firing a gun.
Major Webster pushed on to Huntersville, six miles dis
tant, meeting with no resistance, until reaching the valley
in which the town is situated. The Rebels, strongly posted,
opened fire upon the advancing troops, who instantly formed
into line and charged into town. The Rebels retreated. It
was but the work of an hour to destroy the village and a
large amount of army stores. Major Webster immedig,tely

BRACKEN RANGERS. 101
started on his return. He reached camp the seventh day,
¦without the loss of a man.
The Rangers resumed their usual occupation of scouting,
guarding prisoners, and carrying messages, when Captain
Bracken was ordered to proceed, via Buckhannon and
Clarksburg, to Parkersburg. The place was readied about
the first of February. Comfortable quarters and sufficient
forage were for the first time furnished the horses.

102 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER X.
THE TWO SCOUTS. BY W. B. F.
On the morning of the 26th of July, General Rey-
nolds and staff left the little town of Webster, and took
up the line of march southward along the. Staunton 'pike.
The day was hot and dusty. A few straggling soldiers were
found along the road, — and occasionally an army-wagon
cams lumbering down the hills. One day's rations in our
haversacks prevented our stopping by the way for dinner.
So we rode steadily onward till we came to Philippi, where
Clark and I called upon some of our old acquaintances,
who were much surprised to see us, as they had bidden us
good-bye only a few days before, expecting never to see us
again. We told them that we had made up our minds to
serve under the new General during the war. Philippi had
resumed its business-looks, and we passed through, going
on some six miles, and reached our camp on the farm of
Mr. Thompson, — or the Half-way House, as it is called, being
half-way between Philippi and Bealington.
Early in the morning, as we were striking tents. Old
Thompson came down and presented a bill of ten dollars
for camping on his farm. General Reynolds asked if he was
a Union man. He said he was ; but nevertheless demanded
damages for our lodgings; and received a damning at the
hands of Captain Keyes of the First Pennsylvania Cavalry
who was acting as escort to the General.
We resumed our march, stopping a few moments at El
liott's, and at the old Rebel camp at Laurel Hill, where
we took in a stranger, who proved to be Larz Anderson, '
brother of Major Anderson, (of Fort Sumter,) who was going
to Beverly to see his sons, who were in the Sixth Ohio. We
had quite a pleasant ride over a good road, through a pictu
resque country, hot thickly inhabited, and at four p. m. arrived

A LAZY GENERAL. 103
at Beverly, where we made a halt of an hour, while General
Reynolds gave some orders. Here we found the Sixth Ohio
and First Virginia regiments, and Bracken's Indiana Cavalry.
About five we started on south\yard, crossing and recrossing
Tygart's Valley River, which grows smaller, continually and
more crooked, and more cramped in among the mountains.
The scenery was grand and imposing. The narrow valley
was locked in by mountain barriers, which seemed piled up,
roll upon roll, away into the blue mists of the summer even
ing. We advanced along narrow passes, turned and crossed
the river repeatedly, — and went on, — locked in by steeper,
more wild and wrangled heaps of land and rock and woods :
such was the journey on to Huttonsville.
Huttonsville consists of a bridge, a barn, storehouse, man
sion, and stable, — all but the bridge belonging to Mr. Hutton.
Crossing the river, and proceeding some three miles, we come
to what seems the end of the valley, where we see in the
twilight the flickering of a thousand camp-fires. We pass
the sentinel, cross Tygart's Valley River once more, and find
ourselves in camp at Cheat Mountain Pass. We ride down
the clean wide streets, and halt before the tent of Colonel
Sullivan, Thirteenth Indiana Volunteers, where we dismount
from our weary horses, and partake of the Colonel's coffee ;
and after listening to the band which serenade our General,
we roll ourselves up in our blankets, and are soon dreaming
as only a tired soldier can dream.
July 28th, we were up early, trying to draw rations for
our men ; but General Sleigh, who was then in command,
would not sign a requisition. In fact, he would n't " attend
to any d — d business " before nine in the morning. I did
not feel like waiting for General Sleigh that long. I knew
General Reynolds would take command that day, so I in
formed him what my opinion was of a young General who
would lie there in his tent and keep fifty men hungry. He
swore he would have that fool arrested, but did n't come out
of his tent. I went to a wagon and took what provisions
were needed, and at last we had our breakfast. In looking
around the camp, I found several Indiana boys, all looking
well and full of life.

104

THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

Camp Cheat Mountain Pass seemed shut in from all the
worid, for the mountains, with their tops lost in the cloudy
mist,' stand up on every side.

On the east side of the camp was the pass out of the
valley. Upon the highest peak, from the tallest pine-tree,
waved the Stars and Stripes.
On the 28th, by order of General Reynolds, Clark, John
ston, and myself explored the mountains on the east, to find
if it was possible for the enemy to make any approach from
that side. We found this wilderness of woods uninhabited
and inaccessible, except to deer and bear, or the most ener
getic scouts.

ANTICIPATIONS. 105
In the evening I examined a few men who resided south
ward among the mountains, and who were fleeing from the
Rebels, as Union men. I drew from their description a map,
giving every house, and the name and supposed sentiments
of the inhabitants.
On the morning of the 29th of July, General Reynolds
and staff went up the mountain to the camp and fortifica
tions situated on the top. The day was very pleasant. The
road is good, — winding, serpent-like, up the mountain-side.
Large trees, overhanging, shut out the sky above, and looking
downward, we see tree-tops pointing upward to us. We can
see the camp of Cheat ^Mountain Pass, like a map, in the
valley. The river winds away into the hidden passes that
give it outlet to the country beyond. The flag which, at the
pass, seemed so high above us, now is a speck at our feet,
whjch we can scarcely discern as it plays in the wild breeze.
Up higher yet among the mist, and we arrive at the top.
Here we find a level, where some bold farmer has located.
Yes, on a mountain-top we find fertile fields and springs.
This peculiarity of this branch of the Alleghany Mountains
has given it the name of Rich Mountain Range. We spent
some hours reviewing the works, and went to the very front
and watered our horses in Cheat River. I thought what a
pleasant trip it would be to^ start at its head-waters, and
follow its foaming current to where it empties into the Mo
nongahela. I asked Clark where it came from. He replied it came
from the " Big Spring," to whose waters were added a thou
sand other mountain springs, but the Big Spring, or " divid
ing' waters," gave it birth.
" We will take a trip up that way some day," said I.
July 30th, Clark and I were arranging our tent, when Gen.
Reynolds called us to him, and informed us that the enemy
were supposed to be somewhere in the neighborhood of the
Big Spring, and he wanted us to go out on the Huntersville
road and learn the situation of the enemy. He ordered us to
ride our horses as far as the pickets, and then go on foot, and
to report to him by the next evening. It was then about 7
A. M., and one of the pleasantest days we had had. We were

106 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
soon mounted. With a'little hard bread in our pockets, and
our revolvers in our belts, we were ready for a two days'
scout. Clark had on a pair of dark pants, an army shirt, and
a green flannel frock,— formerly a part of the uniform of the
(Rebel) Washington Battery, which had been given to him
by General Morris after the battle of Cheat River,— and
a black felt hat, the worse for wear. I had put on a dark
frock-coat of Clark's, a felt hat belonging to our ambulance-
driver, and a pair of gray pants, also captured among Jlebel
uniforms at Cheat River.
After starting, Clark says, " Fletcher, I don't like this
going on foot. Suppose we ask to go all the way, or as far as
we choose, on our horses." " I am in the habit of obeying or
ders just to the letter without questioning, but will venture to
ask a change in this case." So we rode back ; but the General
did not change his order, and away we went. On the road
leading southwest from camp, and right up Tygart's Valley
River, which we cross and recross any number of times, we
saw some men lounging by Conrad's Mills, and asked a few
questions, which were answered in a manner that led us to
think they were " Secesh." An hour's ride and we came to
the picket, six miles out. We gave an officer of the picket
General Reynolds's order to move four miles further and take
charge of our horses.
We left our horses with the picket, by a little log house,
which had long been deserted, or perhaps had been built
for a country school-house, and so little used that trees had
grown up under the eaves, hiding it from view.
After firing off our revolvers and reloading, we started off
down the road. Passing a few deserted farms, we found the
country more broken, the valley narrower, and the river cross
ing and recrossing the road every few yards. Soon we came
to a little farm-house, where a young man was mending a
harrow near the door.
" Can we get dinner here ? " I asked. " I reckon," was th'e
reply. We then had some conversation about the country.
He said the « Yankees had taken his corn, and paid him for
it in Ohio money, which he could not use. But he did not
seem inclined to speak out his Rebel feelings, as he did not

SCOUTING. 107
know how we stood. His wife came to the door ; she was of
the dish-rag and broomstick sort.
" How long will it be till we have dinner ? " Mr. Clark
asked. " Jist when you git it," said she, going into the house,
saying something about "nasty Yankees." We moved on,
giving up all idea of dinner at that house. Some two miles
brought us to another cabin, where we found a native, with a
wife and nine children, — the oldest about sixteen, — and all
living in one, small room. Each had a corn-cob pipe; —
even the baby was playing with one.
The old lady made us some corn-cake, and fried some salt
pork, to which we did full justice.
This man lived on neutral ground, which neither Yankees
nor Rebels frequented, and he seemed to have no opinions him
self; in fact, he knew as little as most of the wild men of
West Virginia, — nothing but what some cross-road stump-
speaker had said. He knew nothing of the country beyond ;
a high bluff near the house he had never been on, and thought
there might be a " heap of rattlesnakes " up there. We paid
for our dinner, and once more bent our steps southward.
The scenery was grand, the valley lonesome, the road and
river winding across each other at the very bottom of the nar
row valley. We met no one, and saw but one man, who, of
course, knew nothing by nature and less by cultivation, till
we came into a little settlement, at Mingo Flats, where we
saw three women standing in the door of a rather respectable-
looking frame-house. It was near 5 p. m., and we were quite
tired, — I, at least. I asked if we could stay all night. They
told us that we could find a good place a few miles further on.
They asked if we were soldiers, and from which army, and
seemed very kind. We asked if any of the Confederates had
been there lately. They said, none for two weeks ; they
had all gone into camp at Huntersville ; and, in answer to
our inquiry, it was four miles to the Big Spring, where we
could stay all night.
Bidding them good-night, we trudged on up a high hill,
leaving the valley to our left. Our road was over mountain-
spurs, and very tedious travelling. Some two miles further
on, we noticed the tracks of horses, — fresh ones, too, — and

108 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
the mark of a pistol-ball on an oak-tree. We now began to
look sharply about us,. for we knew that Rebel Cavalry had
been there.
The sinking sun had now cast the mountain-shadow upon
our path, and the way was more gloomy. I was so tired, it
was only by slow walking and great effort I could follow, —
stopping here and there to listen, or still oftener to drink from
the springs which all along come gurgling up from the rocks.
A fever seemed wprking in my veins. My companion and I
had talked freely all day, but now both were -silent. We had
stopped for a moment, when we heard a horseman coming
toward us ; and", looking up the narrow road, saw a native,
with an old horse, and a green hunting-shirt on, coming up.
We stopped him and asked the distance to the " Big Spring."
He thought it was about two miles. He said he had seen no
one on the road ; no soldiers had been in these parts for more
than two weeks.
We started on, my companion wishing to go from the road
and take to the forest ; but the craggy appearance was unin
viting to my weary limbs, and I said, " No ; let us keep the
path till we come to a more level spot." So on we went. I
thrust my staff into the damp ground, wondering if I would
take it up again in the morning. The road was beginning a
gentle descent ; the last gleams of the sun tinged the high
mountain-tops and the clouds before -us. A death-like still-
ness pervaded the scene around us, broken only by the note of
a solitary whippoorwill and the sound of our own steps, which
seemed to fall heavy on the damp ground. Directly in front
of us, at a distance of a hundred yards, stood "a large oak-tree.
My companion came to a halt. " I saw a man move be
hind that tree. Let us take to the woods, and go around."
" No ; I think you are mistaken. I can make out any form
I wish to on dark and shadowy evenings. I think it 's imagi
nation." He fell back near me, and we approached the spot, I almost
heedlessly ; and just as we neared the oak, — " HaTt !• Halt!
Halt ! " greeted us from every bush, tree, stump, and stone.
My companion, who was watching for this very thing, leaped
backward, with his revolver drawn, ready for battle.

CAPTURE. 109
The ambuscade was well laid, for just here was an open
space, where it was much lighter than any place along the
road. " What are you stopping citizens here for, in the public
highway ? " said I. " Surrender ! " said a tall Rebel, who
seemed to be in command, and who had a long deer-rifle,
with hair-trigger, levelled at my breast. (I could hear my
companion saying, in a low voice, " Run, Fletcher, run ! ")
" What do you want of us ? What will you do if we sur
render ? " " Only take you to camp ; and then, if you are all
right, let you go." " Run, Clark, run ! " said I : "I can't."
" Just you stand still. If your friend moves, I '11 blow you to
h — 1 ! " said the tall Alabamian. I looked about me ; bayo
nets and old rifles were looking at me. I felt too tired to
attempt a leap into the bushes, and spying, "I surrender!"
threw my revolver on the ground. Clark lowered his, which
had been pointed at the tall tnkn all the time,* and said, " I '11
go with you, then."
Approaching me, he said, in a whisper almost, " What shall
we tell them ?" " Truth only, and as little as possible." So,
under guard, without arms, we were marched down a wind
ing way, a mile perhaps, when we heard laughter and singing,
and soon came in sight of a two-story log house, with steps
up the outside to the first floor. We were at the " Big
Spring," our intended destination ; but this was not our in
tended condition.
" Who is you all ? " said a half-dozen voices, and a crowd
of homespun fellows crowded around us.
We refused to answer questions except to the commanding
officer, who soon made his appearance in the shape of a plain,
honest-looking man. Captain Bird, of the Sixth Alabama Regi
ment. " Where are you from, men ? " " We are soldiers
from the Federal Army, — were out scouting under orders, —
and walked into your ambuscade," I gave also my real
name and rank. Turning to Mr. Clark, he asked his name
and what State he was from. " I am from Wood County,
Virginia. My name is Leonard Clark. I am a soldier in the
* Mr. Clark did not fire, because he knetv it would cause my death ; and
gave himself up, — " For," said he, " I never could live happy had I left you
in that time of trouble."

110 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Union Army." "Don't you know, sur," said a- Rebel officer
who stood by, stepping up in an excited manner,^ — "don't
you know you are guilty of the most damnable treason, tafc
ing up arms against your native State, and leading -the Yan
kee Abolitionists to our homes, to burn our houses, and rape
our women, and steal our niggers ? I '11 cut your damned heart
out ! " and he made a pass at Clark with his drawn sword.
" I am your prisoner. I demand to be treated as a prisoner
of war." " You do not deserve to be treated as a prisoner of
¦war — but as a black-hearted traitor to your State. Did n't
you know, sir, that your State was voted out of the Union ?
and you have no right to serve against her."
" I know," said Clark, standing like a statue, firm and fear
less, with an eye fixed on his accuser, which made him fear
and tremble, — "I know Virginia* — free Virginia — is now
said to be out of the Union ;*but Virginia is only ruled by
despotism, and was voted out by force." I shall never forget
the tableau which ensued after this speech. The crowd
which seemed ready to tear him to pieces was only held back
by the iron face which showed no change, and the eye that
flashed truth and fearlessness. But a pang of sorrow came,
for I saw that Clark's position was one even worse than my
own ; — he would find persons who knew him, and enemies
who would like to condemn him ; but I was unknown, and
did not fear meeting any one. i
We were taken up the old wooden stairway, and put into
the room which was occupied by the soldiers. Captain Bird
said they could not give us much to eat, as they had just
come there, and their baggage had not come up. Some corn-
bread and a tin-cup full of coffee were given us. I remarked
I'd rather have Lincoln bread, and took some of our hard
bread from my pocket, which amused the fellows very much ;
they wanted a bit of it, to keep as a trophy. My papers,
map, &c. were still in my pocket, and weighed on my mind.
On the fire-shelf was a corn-cob pipe. I filled it, and draw
ing my papers out, stripped them through my hand slowly, as
though to make a lighter, and, touching them to the blaze,
puffed away till all were burned, without attracting any at
tention. We were surrounded by a crowd of curious ques-

THE BIG SPRING. HI
tioners, I talked with the intention of amusing, and created
quite a laugh occasionally, Clark was silent.
Two women came in to see the Yankees, — wives of offi
cers, I suppose. They were quite bitter in their remarks. They
knew we were spies, and had no doubt our capture prevented
our poisoning the spring, and murdering the babes of
women whose husbands were gone to the war.
Two guards were stationed at the door. The soldiers
threw themselves on the floor each side of us, and all be
came quiet within ; but outside I could hear the qjatter of
horses and the striking of sabres and stirrups, I saw Cap
tain Bird pass through the room with papers, and heard him
order the guard to be doubled, and every man be on the look
out. And then I heard the horsemen dash off. All became
still again, except occasional crackling of the dying embers in
the huge old fireplace, and the low whispering of the guard
at the door. I could hear them speculate as to our future,
— whether we were really spies or not, — and if we would be
shot or hung. " I would like to put a hole through that d — d
fellow in the green jacket," said one. " I '11 bet I could whip
ten Yankees like that smart fellow that thinks he can laugh
it all off, I '11 bet he 'II swing." Such was the conversation
of the night, whenever I roused up from a sleep made hor
rid by dreams. But, thank God, morning came at last. I
wanted to be moving. What I dreaded most was time, —
like a boy dr.eadiiig a whipping, — more dreadful by delay. I
wanted events to transpire with rapidity.
Early morning, and everything seemed like a dream. I
was taken out by a guard of three men to the Big Spring,
which gushes out of the rocks in a stream as large as a man's
body. I bathed my aching head in its cold waters. As the
bubbles danced under my eye, I thought, O that I could dance
and whirl on the sparkling stream down Cheat River, where
I stood two days before with Clark, asking where the Big
Spring was. I saw that we were to be closely watched, —
three or four guards with each of us wherever we went. I
noticed a Rebel lieutenant in the house as I returned, who
had been our prisoner a few weeks before ; he had been pa
roled by McClellan, and was now here, apparently on diity.

112 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
After a breakfast of cold corn-bread, we were marched out
in front of the cabin, and Captain Bird ordered a squad of
men to guard us. " It 's customary," said he, " to tie our pris
oners ; but if you will promise not to attempt to escape, you
shall not be tied." " It is not customary," said I, " to tie our
prisoners ; your men captured by us were hardly guarded ;
but if you think six armed and mounted men can't guard
us, you must have little confidence in them." After search
ing us, and taking every article from us except a small drink-
ing-cup which I had, and our clothing, we were told that we
were going to be sent to head-quarters, — that we were cap
tured under very suspicious circumstances.
He (Captain Bird) then charged the mounted guard, who
were to take us, to march us between them ; not to let us
talk ; and to shoot us if we attempted to move from the
road. Thus we left the Big Spring, — six horsemen, armed
with old horse-pistols and double-barrelled shot-guns, as an
escort. We found the country very wild, as we went south
ward, and noticed that we were almost constantly descending
steep hills, while the day before we were constantly ascend
ing. During the forenoon we met long trains of wagons and
hundreds of soldiers, all going on up toward the Spring,
Clark and I both felt our situation was one which would
need great patience, for the insulting remarks of many as
they passed were almost unbearable. Sometimes we were
permitted to ride a short distance behind some of the men.
At noon, after we had descended a very steep hill, we came
into a beautiful valley, where we found a large camp of about
four thousand men. The situation of the camp was most
beautiful, and the grounds were kept very clean and closely
guarded. The sergeant marched us around to the south side, where
we were halted before the tent of Colonel Lee, — a son of
Major-General Lee. The sergeant dismounted, went into his
tent, and the Colonel came to the door with some papers in
his hand, from which he read, and then looked at us sharply
for a moment, while I looked as sharply in return. He was a
man of medium size ; hair and beard a little sprinkled with
gray. His face indicated great sternness. He gave some

IN IRONS. 113
orders to a major, who said to rife, " I shall be obliged to
put you in irons." At the same time an orderly produced a
pair of those unbecoming and uncomfortable jewels, which
he began to unlock to put on,
" Is it customary to put captured soldiers in irons ? " said I.
" You have heard of the battle of Bull Run, have n't you ?
Well, these irons were captured by our men from you Yan
kees. You intended to put them on our men and march
them to Richmond, but we intend to make every Yankee
wear them that we capture,"
While I put out my wrist for the cursed fetters, I told the
major that I did not believe one word of any handcuffs being
captured. He assured me it was so, and that all the officers of the
Yankee army had their baggage marked " Richmond, Va."
He also informed us that General Scott was captured, and
his fine carriage, etc, etc. All the Southern brag that cpuld
be brought up, he furnished on this occasion.
This camp is, or was, known as Edri, — half-way between
Big Springs and Huntersville.
After our irons v^ere secure, Clark and I both wristed
together, we were taken by a guard to a brick house, which
wias quite large, and put in an upper roo'm, on the outside
of which two sentinels were placed. We sat on the floor
some moments, when a man came in with some cold corn-
bread and milk. He took off the irons, that we might eat.
He then retired.
Soon we heard a noise outside, as though some .one was
fighting, or trying to get away. The sound grew louder, and
our door was unlocked, when a tall, well-dressed Virginian,
heavily ironed, was thrown into our room, with apparent
force. The door was again shut, and we three sat for a
moment in silence ; when our new fellow-prisoner said, " Don't
give it up, men ! I was captured at the same place you
were, last night. I 'm not going to back out for these d — d
traitors ; it a'n't my way. I 've been leading Rosecrans and
General McClellan, and I am not done yet! Where are
you from, boys ? Don't look down. We '11 be even, by  .

114 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Come, be social. You dfin't say a word; you're scared, I
suppose." "We are not very badly scared," said I; "and as I have
seen first-class players, real stars on the boards, I can't
compliment your acting ; you overdo it ; and, besides, we are
not trying to make many new acquaintances down here."
This seemed to act like a cold shower-bath. The sergeant
(who, with others, had evidently been listening to us at the
door) now came in and abused our new prisoner, in all the
rough Southern cant, phrases, for being a Union man ; and
finally took him out of the room by great force, as though
to carry him to his execution. " Clark, we won't be caught
by stool-pigeons."
About two p. M. we were ironed and put in an old wagon,
with soldiers on each side, besides an escort of mounted men ;
and thus we travelled down the mountain, slopes, through
a wild country. We met two or three regiments marching
up, and at the crossing of Greenbrier River some large
wagon-trains, — all going one way, viz: up towards the
Cheat Mountains. At last, just as the sun went down, we
came through the pass into the little town of Huntersville,
county seat of Pocahontas County.
Our escort seemed at a loss what to do with us, or where
to leave us. So, driving up through the streets to the hotel,
he gave us a good view of the camp, which was very large,
situated all about the village. I think not less than seven
thousand men must have been in this camp.
After we had been waiting some time in front of the hotel,
where we were the centre of a crowd of curious questioners,
and where Clark was recognized by some old acquaintances,
we were driven back the road we had come, about a mile,
to a camp of the Forty-second Virginia Regiment, Colonel
Gilham* commanding; and here Clark and I were taken from
the wagon, and marched off in different directions. I saw
no more of him for several days. As for myself, I felt now
miserable indeed to lose my companion in trouble. I had
little time to grieve, however, before I was ushered into the
* Formerly Major Gilham, U. S. A., "of Indiana," alas I Author of a
Manual for Volunteers, S(c.

GENERAL LORING. 115
presence of Colonel Gilham, who, I believe, was in former
years a professor in tjie Virginia Military Institute. He was
a gentlemanly, kind-spoken man, and asked me many^ques-
tions about- the three-months' campaign. He then, told me
the latest news of the Bull Run battle, how badly we were
whipped, &c. He informed me that news of our capture
had been sent down the night before, and that we were to
be examined as spies. He spoke very kindly; said he was
sorry that one so young should be found in my condition.
My only reply to all he said was, " I am perfectly satis
fied, and don't need any sympathy." ' Colonel Gilham
wanted me to tell him plainly what I was doing when I
was captured, ana what my rank was in our army. I
answered that those who took me could answer his first
question, and as to the latter, I had no rank. I was a
soldier, on a scouting expedition. It was now quite dark.
A storm was brewing in the mountains, and I was in
hopes of being sent to some comfortable cell in the jail,
but Colonel Gilham ordered a guard to take me up to head
quarters. So a tall fellow, real F. F. V,, in a gray uniform,
which had any number of yards of gold lace and buttons
on, marched on one side, and a soft-clay-eater, from Georgia,
on the other, I was marched up to the 'centre of the town
to the hotel, up an old stairway to a large room, where sat an
Orderly, who informed some one in the inner room, in rather
a loud voice, " That Yankee spy is here. General," " Send
him in: send him in. Put a strong guard at the door, also
at the windows outside. Take off his irons, too, and let no
one in till I call." I was taken in. At a long table, covered
with maps and papers, sat a little man, a Malay in form
and complexion, and a demon in countenance; he had but
one arm, black hair, and dead eyes looking out from withered
eyebrows. Placing a large revolver before him, he motioned
i me to sit down on the other side of the table. I did so.
" What is your name, young man?" I told him, and asked,
" Whom have I the honor of speaking with ? " " You, sir, are
in the presence of General Loring, late of the United States
Army, but now of the Confederate Army."
General Loring kept me some two hours, questioning me

116 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
and trying to puzzle me; he was particularly anxious to
get from me some knowledge of our strength and position
on Cheat Mountain, — at times persuading, at times threat
ening. He said, "Before to-morrow's sun goes down, I'll
hang you both. Your only hope for mercy is in confessing
all, all you know." " General, you have the hanging power,
I admit ; but would n't it set a bad example to our army
to begin hanging soldiers who fall into your hands?"
General Loring was unkind, insulting, abusive, with noth
ing of the gentleman or soldier in him. Late in the night
he ordered the guard to take me back to camp. Tired, foot
sore, and hungry, I reached Colonel Gilham's quarters, where
he ordered a negro to give me some r rn-bread and meat.
After eating, I fell asleep, I was rou.-~ed up by falling from
a log on which I had been sitting, I found three men
guarding me, and the rain pouring down. How long I
had been asleep, I can't teU ; but a new guard came on duty,
and brought an old tent, which they put up for me ; and
into which they thrust me. Without straw or cover, I lay
on the soaking ground.
Since the days of the deluge, I do not think it has stormed
so hard and long; rain either fell by night or day, for the
next six weeks; seldom more than two or three hours of
sunshine, till the torrents came down. Colonel Gilham's
camp was in what had been a cornfield, and the water
came pouring down the old furrows, and through the
tent above. I was most terribly cold all night, the more so
as my feet were tied with a rope, which was held by the
guard at the door. The night was passed in as great mental
as physical agony. In the morning, at about ten o'clock, a
negro brought some corn-bread and fried pork, which made
me very sick. Crowds of men stood there in the rain, look
ing in at me and making all sort of remarks about my per
sonal appearance, and conjecturing what my feelings were.
None could talk with me, except officers who got permits from
General Loring. A few came in, only to provoke me into
saying something by abuse, as by reading- the outrageous lies
about Bull Run.
The topic which all the officers and soldiers seemed in-

GENERAL LEE. 117
clined to talk about was, when, how, and where we were
to be executed.
The second day 9,t Huntersville, I was taken again before
General Loring. This time General Robert E. Lee was in
command ; he had arrived that day. General Loring began
by asking the direction in which we had come, and many of
the same questions asked before. General Lee then said, —
" Young man, how long have you been soldiering ? "
" Three months, General."
" Were you persuaded to go into the army, or did you
choose it ? "
" I went in because of the cause."
" Have the people of Indiana confidence in Governor Mor
ton ? Can he get those six regiments into the field again ? "
" General, what I say to you, I know is true. Governor
Morton had to turn off thousands and thousands of men,
at the first call for Volunteers. The six regiments have
gone home, to be sure, but it is only to be better armed
and equipped, and to spread the fire, the military patriotic
contagion, into every heart."
" How many men from Indiana are in the field ? "
" As I said before. General, I was a three-months' man.
[ do not know how many are in the field now ; but if the
men of Indiana were to see me here in irons, and then re
member the treatment of prisoners at Cheat River and Lau
rel Hill and Rich Mountain, a hundred thousand men
would be in arms to-morrow, and , Governor Morton at
their head."
" I shall not let you talk so," said General Loring.
" Remember, you were not taken in battle," said General
Lee ; " if you were, you would not be in irons."
After a long conversation about Generals McClellan, Rose
crans, Morris, and Reynolds, in which he desired a minute
personal description, he said, —
" Young man, we will have to keep you very close, very
safe, until we can get the evidence of those who captured
you." When I was marched back to the tent, a mile off, I got a
good view of Huntersville; and if a sheep-skin, just taken
9

118 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
off, were spread on the ground, with the tail southwest, the
head northeast, it would convey a very good idea of the
shape of the valley in which the town is situated. The
mountains rise on all sides, leaving but four gaps, through
which pass the roads. It is impossible for any one to come
into or go out of the town without going through these
passes, or climbing the rough mountains. The town con
tains a few old frame buildings, one church, now used as
a hospital, (in fact, every house almost was a hospital at this
time,) also a brick hotel, now head-quarters, a brick court
house and a jail, two-stories, side by side, and not unlike.
In the valley, and up the mountain-slopes, were camps;
and every day new men were coming in. Alabama had
two or three regiments ; Tennessee had the Seventh, Four
teenth, and Sixteenth ; Virginia, the Forty-second and others,
— I could not get the number ; Georgia, the Sixteenth and
others, — number not ascertained ; also the Rockbridge Cav
alry, and a company of Mississippians, mounted as Rangers.
In all, my estimate of General Lee's forces amounted to over
eleven thousand men. This knowledge, and the fact that
General Reynolds had but a handful at Cheat Mountain,
with his works unfinished, made me fear that Lee mi^ht
advance immediately ; but, thank God, our capture had this
one good result, of delaying his advance for more than six
weeks. Both Clark and myself had refused to answer questions
in regard to our numbers and our artillery force, except that
we admitted having seen some ten or twelve large guns,
and a few howitzers, but knew nothing of the number of
infantry, beyond " some ten regiments which we saw on
the road."
After more than a week at Camp Gilham, the Forty-second
Virginia Regiment was ordered to the front, and I was moved
to the camp of the Fourteenth Tennessee, where I was happy
to be once more in prison with Clark, We w^ere in a tent
by ourselves, very closely guarded, with orders not to speak
to each other nor to any one else, except when permitted to do
so by the officer of the guard. We found the Tennesseeans
much kinder than the Virginians. Nothing of importance

MAGNANIMITY. 119
transpired here. The usual remarks and brag, so character
istic of Southerners, were gone through by almost every man.
Some of the officers were gentlemen in their deportment,
but the men were ignorant and sometimes unkind ; although
when our feet were to be tied at night, almost every man who
had the duty to perform, apologized, saying he was sorry, but
it had to be done, as he was obeying orders.
One Sunday, the chaplain of the regiment came in to
talk with us in regard to our spiritual state. He asked us
if we were " prepared to die." " As far as we knew, we had
no further preparation to make."
" Did we think we were doing right to come down South
to lead the Yankees to murder Southern innocence ? " We
thought he was partly mistaken as to our purpose ; neverthe
less we thought we were doing right. " Did we know the end
that awaited us ? " " No, not exactly ; we did n't know just
how cruel and barbarous it might be, but supposed that it
would be all right, whatever it was." In fact, we expected
nothing good of any one, and did n't seem to object to being
hung, either. So our chaplain left us.
I do not remember how long we were in this regiment.
We were poorly fed, but had good water ; no covering was
given us, nor straw to lie upon. We -were transferred to the
safe-keeping of the Sixteenth Georgia Regiment; and a
meaner, more cowardly, ignorant, and infernal set of heathen
were never assenfbled together. My friend Clark had been
sick for more than a week ; I could see his health failing ; he
was so weak he could hardly walk; he had fever night and
day ; — yet these villains tied him hand and foot at night,
and caused us to lie upon the wet ground. They furnished
us with rations unfit for dogs, and brought us water that
the filthiest hog would shrink from wallowing in.
One night I said to the officer of the guard, " Please, do
not tie this man to-night; he has been too ill to rise all
day, and the surgeon refuses to come."
" He 's a d — d traitor, and has said he could whip any two
men in our camp ; and d — d if he shall have any favors
of me ! "
" I know, sir, this is false : we are not allowed to speak ;

120 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
and I know he did not make boast or threat of any kind,
I will ask to be doubly ironed and tied, and if Clark shoult}*
move or do or say anything displeasing, just hang me in
the morning,"
" No more of your d — d nonsense," said he, coming in with
the rope, and beginning to tie Clark,
" It is my opinion, sir, that the boast of manliness and
generosity and noble feeling in the South is all humbug,
There is not a man in the North so mean and cowardly as
to do this act,"
" D  you ! Perhaps you think I won't tie you, too ? " —
for as I was not considered physically dangerous, and as they
supposed I knew nothing of the country, they often left me
untied, " I don't care what you do," said I, excitedly, losing my
temper for the first time, " You are mean enough to do
most anything." He did tie me, and that tightly, from head
to foot, so that the marks were on me for two days.
Hundreds of Confederate soldiers died at Huntersville,
of measles and camp-diarrhoea. Clark and I suffered with the
latter. To add to our misery, two lousy Georgians, who had been
found asleep on picket, were put in prison with us, where
they cried and whimpered like sick girls, day and night,.
for fear of being shot. Thank heaven, the Sixteenth Georgia
were ordered on, and we once more chailged camp. We
inquired what State our new regiment was from, and were
delighted to learn it was the Sixteenth Tennessee, Colonel
Savage commanding, and that it was now the only regiment
in Huntersville, We were put into the guard-tent, along with
three or four West Virginia men, who were charged with
disloyalty. Many unpleasant restrictions were removed. We could
talk ; we could stand outside the tent, and enjoy various
other small liberties. But this state of things did not last
long, A mean little lawyer came around and got the sup
posed Union men released. Having nothing further to do,
he must hurry up Clark's case before the authorities. 'Squire
Skeen was prosecuting attorney for the State.

GENERAL DONELSON. 121
One evening, near sundown, I was taken under guard to
General Donelson's quarters ; for he had arrived, and was
the commanding officer. His tent was pitched in a beautiful
grove. The venerable old man, with his gray locks combed
behind his ears, sat in the door, smoking his pipe. He was
exceedingly polite. He talked with me a long time. He had
been at Indianapolis, attending some Democratic convention.
He knew that Indiana had a majority in favor of Southern
Rights. Yes, he remembered a young man there, who was a
remarkable man, too, — a genius ; he met him at the Palmer
House ; he knew he must be on the right side.
" What was his name, General ? Perhaps I know him."
" I think," said the General, " his name is Ryan, — Richard
Ryan." " Yes, General, he is on the right side," said I. " I heard
him make the hottest war-speech I ever listened to, the very
night Fort Sumter fell."
" How uncertain men are ! " said the General, thoughtfully.
Mr. Skeen then questioned and cross-questioned me in
regard to Clark. There were two men, strangers, writing down
my answers. Several men were examined who had known
Clark at home, for years ; and, with one voice, they said he
was, at home, a steady, honest man, intelligent enough, but
a strong Union man, and they had no doubt could do, and
might have done, great harm to the Confederate cause. After
this examination, I was taken over to the tent, accompanied
by General Donelson's adjutant, whose name I think was
Elliott. He was formerly connected with one of the Nash
ville papers ; — I am not certain in regard to the name.
The moon was at its full, and had just rolled up over
the eastern mountains, lighting up the valley with a pale
glow, almost sufficient to read by. When I reached the
tent, Clark asked me where I had been. I told him Skeen
had brought some strangers there, and I had been examined
as to my knowledge of him.
" They are going to kill us, Fletcher, — me, at any rate."
" Oh, no ! don't get gloomy ; they will not dare to kill us."
While we were talking. General Donelson and staff, and
Colonel Savage and his staff-officers, rode up to the tent and

122 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
ordered a guard to conduct the prisoners out into the field,
beyond the camp. We went out. A crowd of men were
watching, and followed as far as the guard-lines permitted.
Clark and I stood side by side. Oh, how brightly the bay
onets glitter in the cold moonlight ; how heavily the soldiers
tread ; and how cold and uncheering is every sound !
We were halted in the middle of a large field. The offi
cers stood, in consultation, fifty paces off. I looked up to
the moon, that perhaps others, who had not forgotten us,
might look at, too ; — all the rest of the scene was ours alone.
Colonel Savage came up and said, " Prisoners, if you have
anything to say, you must say it now, as you will never have
another opportunity. You must hold all conversation in the
presence of these officers."
I turned to Clark. " Well, Clark, I am sorry to part with
one who became a prisoner to save my life. Your life as a
prisoner, under all your trials and tortures, has shown you
to be ever the same brave, unwavering, honorable man.
Whatever may be our future, I respect and love you. We
shall meet again, but till then good-bye. If you ever have
a chance, let some of our men know where I am ; and if
I have a chance, I will do the same."
Mr. Clark said : " Fletcher, I am not sorry that I gave
myself up to save you. I feel that you are a true man. If
you ever get home, see my wife and children ; tell her to do
for them as I intended to do. I am not afraid to die for
my country. This is all I wish to say."
" Return these men to separate quarters, Colonel," said
General Donelson ; " and do not permit them to speak to
each other," '
Colonel Savage did not separate us, however, but ordered
the guard doubled; and we promised to be quiet. Neither
of us slept that night. Clark felt that we were going to
be sent away to some other prison, I told him I thought
the whole thing was foolery, to get us to say something which
would condemn us.
But morning came, and just as we were getting our break
fast, four mounted men rode up, hurried Clark out without
allowing one parting word, and I saw them bind him to the

A PRISONER. 123
horse with chain and rope. While. I stood there, my heart
almost sank within me, but it roused up enough to heap a
heavy and audible curse upon the proceeding, which caused
me to be kept inside the tent and tied likewise. I now became
cross and sick. I gave few kind words to any one who spoke
to me. I made up my mind to escape. Twice before I might
have done so, but for leaving Clark when he was sick ; now
nothing kept me back but guns, I could get out, and I would.
Next day, after making this resolve, our camp was moved up
on higher-ground on the mountain-side southwest of the town.
Here I was so poorly fed, or so sick, that I began to think
I would die of fever. All day long I lay at the door of
the tent. Across the mountain-tops, wrapt in clouds and
Indian-summer haze, was my dream-land. Oh, how I longed
to cross the wilderness, to give Reynolds notice of the foe
that was threatening his front and crawling in his rear ; how
I prayed in feverish dreams that some spiritual communica
tion might reveal to him his danger! I fixed in my own
mind how Lee would draw Reynolds out for battle on the
'pike, near Cheat River or Greenbrier Bridge, and then fall
with his larger force on the flank and rear. So, after days
of waiting, I slipped my irons one stormy night, and making
my way out of the tent by lifting the curtain at the back,
I followed a little path down through the now almost deso
late camp, for all but one regiment had gone on, I was just
making my way cautiously along, between two tall pines,
when I ran against the sentinel, who was standing there to
keep out of the rain. .He was more frightened than I, but
he was kind enough to keep still. He told me I was a fool
for trying to get away ; I would die before I could get to
our lines. I gave it up for that night, got into my tent the
way I got out, and no one was wiser in the morning.
Next day an old man was put in prison with me'; he was
one of the wealthiest farmers in Greenbrier County. He was
seventy-two years old, and was imprisoned because, at the
time the vote was cast for testing Virginia's choice as to
Secession or Union, he voted for the old Union. The old
man was very cold at night and had a terrible cough. I
wrote several notes to General Donelson, telling him that

124 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
we had no clothing, little food, and no way to cook it. He
answered, in the most polite manner, that he would order the
evils remedied, but he never did. This old gentleman, Alex-
ander Mann by name, was released a few weeks afterwards,
upon his sons coming over and joining the Rebel Army.
One of the young men came into the tent to see his father,
and as a gift brought his pocket full of potatoes, which I
think were the only vegetables I tasted in Western Vir
ginia. Perhaps it was two weeks before I made another attempt
to escape. I succeeded in passing the Rebel guard-lines, and
was well round the valley toward the place where I intended
striking into the mountains, when I heard signal-guns firing,
which ¦were answered by shots all along the outposts. I
knew no pains would be spared to retake me, for they had
often told me that any attempt to escape would be followed
by a speedy hanging as a spy. They knew well the damage
I could do. *
On I went, through the tangled laurel-bushes, over broken
ledges, up slippery steeps, down through tangled ravines, cold
streams, and marshes, the rain pouring down in torrents, and
only a dim ray of light through the midnight sky. At length
I dragged my weary and chilled limbs up the mountain
which so long had seemed to shut my view from the old
flag waving on Cheat Mountain, Some picket's or patrols,
who were kept out on these mountains to prevent negroes
from running off, came down ngt far from me, and I think
either saw or heard me, or perhaps their dogs scented me;
at last, I heard them returning, 'Tis painful to write the
tortures of that night, toiling up the ascent, which in the
daytime, from a distance, seemed so smooth, like a sugar loaf,
rising from a broad base, sloping gently to a round apex, but
which I found to be as rough and wild as any other mountain.
Till morning I toiled like one in a horrid nightmare, trying
to get over the Summit, away from my pursuers, but always
coming back to the same place. As daylight dawned, I
stretched my wearied and torn limbs in a thick jungle of
laurels, upon the moss-covered rocks; and there I lay all
day, I could look southwest into the camp, across the little

RETAKEN. 125
town. I could see convalescent soldiers crawling about in
the sun, like flies after a frosty morning. But from head
quarters I could see mounted men dash off by every road,
and scouts coming toward the very mountain I was on.
Looking northeast, the scene was one unbroken wilderness
of wood and cloud-capped mountains, I formed my plans
for the next night's march, I had saved enough fat pork
(which I had tied round me with my shoe-strings) to keep me
alive, with the help of wild fruit, for four days' travelling,
I was to descend the mountain northeast at its base, I
was to follow up a brawling stream which had cut its bed
through the rocks, I was to follow it for six miles ; then
strike across another mountain to Greenbrier River, which I
expected to follow up for some twenty mUes; until I could
strike north to Cheat Mountain,
When night came, dim but starlit, I made my way down
the mountain, and keeping in the water of the little stream,
had gone perhaps two miles when I heard^' Halt, halt!" from
the bank above, followed by two or three shots. This only in
creased my speed up the slippery rocks, fighting the dashing
water. I climbed like a madman. Just as I turned under a
shelving cliff, " Halt ! " said a sti'ong voice, — " Halt ! " A
sentinel fired, — so near, I could have touched the end of his
gun ; but on I went up the rocks as if up a stairway, the foam
ing current dashing against me, — the sentinel close behind
me with fixed bayonet. I turned with a spring, threw myself
down upon him, hoping to throw him down and get his arms.
I was received on the point of his bayonet, which penetrated
my left hip, striking to the bone. I fell to the water. He
grasped me by the clothing and lifted me to one side, saying,
in an excited manner, " Fletcher, are you hurt ? " " Yes."
" Can you get up ? " " No." My only thought was. What
will become of our men at Cheat Mountain. What a fool
was I for trying to get out of the valley that way! Why
didn't I start out in some other direction?
While I thus reflected, the other men came down and,
making a litter, carried me back in triumph to my old
quarters. As I passed by the tent of a sneaking second lieu
tenant, he stood, with a torch in his hand, to have a look at

126 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
me. " Did you wound him ? " said he to the guard. " Yes."
" Well, you might as well have killed him, for he knew, if
he ever attempted to get away, he would be hung." This
was too much for me to take from the insulting scoundrel,
and for the second time I let fly at him, — " Hang and be
d — d to your whole cowardly crew ! "
Next morning I was visited by Colonel Savage, who ques
tioned me as to why and how I made my escape. The get
ting off my irons he could not understand, — thought some
one did it for me,- and wound up by saying, " If you don't
tell the clean thing, I'll send you to the jail."
" Colonel, I have desired to go to jail ever since I came into
this cursed community. I have had to sleep for two months,
almost, without clothing or straw. I have never had water
enough to wash hands or face. I have had to eat uncooked
rations very often, — and only the meagerest and meanest
rations at that."
" Take him to igail, Lieutenant. See how he likes his
change of quarters."
In half an hour I had an opportunity of examining one
of those tight institutions which some men build to put other
men in. In the centre of the two-story brick building was a
heavy oak door. We walk into an entry or hall. At our
right is an oak door filled with spikes, and furnished with a
large hasp and padlock. The jailer is an old man, with long
white hair, which he combs upward to cover the bald crown.
He has on a dirty white shirt, a pair of jean breeches, and
a pair of old shoes, cut down at the heel and out at the
toes, which only half hide his stockingless feet; his face is
as wrinkled as the crumply skims on boiled milk ; and his
nose and chin approach each other so closely, I venture to
say, although he is evidently a shoemaker, he has no need of
pincers. He is sitting at his bench when we come in, peg
ging an old boot; he looks up, lays down the boot, looks at
me, wipes his nose on the back of his hand, and then per
forms the same motion on his leathern apron.
" Well, you got de Yankee, did you ? "
" Yes. Where shall I put him ? "
"Oh, I'll fix that. There is the debtors' room empty.

JAILED. 127
Better put him in there. The cell 's full already : got a run
away nig' and Moses in there. They expect the Yank' in
there; but he's so sick-looking-like, I hate to."
" Never mind," said the Lieutenant; " "that's just the kind
he likes. Them Abolitionists, don't mind sleeping with nig
gers ; and ' Mose ' is as good as he,"
The old jailer took down two keys from a nail in the
wall, unlocked the padlock, J;hrew back the oak door, and
then a door, made of heavy iron cross-bars, presented itself.
I tried to see into the cell, while he fujnbled away at the
lock, but it was too dark within. " I hardly ever unlock this
door, and it's mighty rusty." Soon the door swung back,
shrieking on its rusty hinges. Putting irons on was hard,
but I shall never forget my repugnance at passing into that
cell, aiid hearing the iron door slam, and the lock grind.
And on this disgusting period it is painful to dwell. Hun
dreds came to look through at me, but I kept myself hid as
much as possible.
By kindness I soon won the confidence of the negro
"Jim," and the poor idiot "Mose."
Jim waited on me : he brushed my clothes with an old
broom, and tried to black my rusty old shoes by using soot
from the flue. When the jailer thrust the old wooden tray
under the trap-door, Jim set it before me, and he made Mose
wait till I had eaten. Mose was a poor idiot boy, nineteen
years old, who had been in this filthy place for months.
The cell was about fourteen feet long and twelve feet wide ;
two small double-grated windows let in the little light we en
joyed by day ; but early in the evening the heavy shutters
were closed, and all was dark as pitch. At this time, I felt
much like the fish that jumped from the frying-pan into the
fire, for when I was in the tent, although I suffered from cold
and rain, I could not complain of being stinted in the article
of pure air ; but I now suffered for want of it. It was my
custom to lie on the floor with my face as close to the very
small crack under the trap-door as possible.
• This Lieutenant was shortly afterward captured by our men. He told
them that I was well treated and on parole in Huntersville, for which infor
mation Lieutenant Delzell and all the boys in Bracken's Cavalry paid him
every kind attention.

128 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
In the morning, the guard came and opened the shutters,
and life was tolerable till evening.
Many citizens — men, women, and children — came to see
me. On Sunday I was more than crowded with visitors, who
stood at the iron door, gaping fike so many moon-struck
toads. Very seldom would I talk with them ; and I asked
the guard, who were detailed from the militia, not to allow
so many fools in the hall. Jim used to take his stand at
the door and do all the talking, as the keeper of wild animals
stands by their cage and explains where they were caught,
how trained, and their habits. So Jim told about the Yankecj
often spreading on to the story, which he manufactured,
some of the most wonderful traits that a man ever had.
Jim was anxious to get out : so was I ; and we began to
work on the east window. When people came about, Jim
talked to them, and whistled and sung, to deaden the noise
of cutting and sawing with my knife, which I was using as
cold-chisel and file on a bar of iron. We worked some
every day, but the knife was worn out before the bar was
half off.
Part of my time I spent in teaching Jim and Moses their
letters, by drawing them on the floor with bits of charcoal,
Jim learned very quickly, but Moses made no progress. The
jailer's daughter let me have a few books, " Paul and Vir
ginia," " Elizabeth ; or the Exiles of Siberia," " John Wes
ley's Sermons," "A History of Marion and his Men," etc,
etc, were all eagerly devoured, for they were more than com
panions to me now. Every book was a friend.
During all this time I was growing thinner and weaker
every day, I could not sleep at night, for the foul air was
poison to me. My head ached and my heart burned. In
one of these sad midnight hours, dark to me but bright
moonlight outside, I heard the guard, who were off duty,
sing out, in full, rich strains, an old Methodist tune which I
had heard years ago at camp-meeting, commencing with —
" There is a place where my hopes are stayed ;
My heart and my treasure are there."
With this song the flood-gates of pent-up feeling burst, and

THROUGH THE GRATES. 129
for the first time tears washed down my fevered cheeks.
Thoughts of liome an4 friends occupied the rest of tht night.
At length, my days at Huntersville came to an end. One
Sunday afternoon I heard that a big battle was going on at
Cheat Mountain, and that thousands of Yankees had been
killed and captured the day before. The prisoners were to
arrive at Huntersville that afternoon. Crowds of people
occupied the court-house yard and the streets, waiting to see
the " Yanks." I stood with my feet on the back of a chair,
and my hands holding to the iron bar above me, peering out,
trembling with excitement. Just at sunset I could see men
coming through the mountain-pass, and, as they came nearer,
I beheld the blue uniforms of the Union soldiers. On they
came, and were drawn up in line, about two hundred yards
from the jail. Would they be sent on without my having
a chance to speak with them, to find the truth ? Would I
be sent on with them ?
I walked back and forth. I pounded on the door till the
jailer came.
" Who is the officer in command of this town, this jail ?
What am I left here for ? "
" I don't know anything about it. I was told to keep you
till called for."
" I wish you would send the commandant of this post
this note," — and I handed him a scrap upon which I had
asked to see the commandant.
In an hour a captain, in the Confederate service, who had
once been in the regular army as lieutenant, came in, asked
my name, rank, and regiment, and some other questions ;
then he ordered me to be put in a better place, the debtors'
room, and said I should be sent on to Richmond the next
morning, with the other prisoners. I did not sleep that night.
I wanted to move — anywhere, anywhere, so that I was not
lying still. I prayed that wherever Clark was, I might be
sent, for since the day he was sent off, I had had that one de
sire above all others, to know where he was and be with him.
Next morning I was taken out to the table, breakfasted
with the jailer's family, and then was returned to my quar
ters. How long that day seemed. At four p. m., a guard

130 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
came. The door was thrown open. I walked across the
hall, atfd shook hands with Jim and Moses. Both, with tears
in their eyes, wished me good luck, and I was offT Oh, how
soft and balmy seemed the air; how quiet and free every
thing seemed ! I was surprised to find that I could hardly
move my limbs : a walk of two hundred yards seemed like
as many miles. I said nothing, for I was bound to leave
Huntersville. We came to an orchard, where the Yankees
were drawn up in line. They were ready to march. I
dragged myself along as fast as possible. I looked each
man in the face, in hopes to get one glance of recognition.
One or two of the Sixth Ohio boys I recognized, but they
didn't know me. Every one of them looked at me with
wondering eyes. The end of the column was reached, where
I was to march, when a young man stepped up to me, looking
me in the face. " My God," said he, " is this Dr. Fletcher ? "
" Yes," said I : "it is what remains of him."
Captain Bense came up ; and Corporal Frank Kistler, of
the 'Thirteenth Indiana, who had recognized me, introduced
me, saying "that he had heard of me before."
" Fall in ! Fall in ! " shouted the Rebel lieutenant, who
had us in charge. " Forward, march ! " and away we went,
Frank Kistler by my side, — who told me that only a picket
party had been captured, and that Reynolds would "lam
the Rebs like h — 1." Then he told me the late news, but in
few words, for no talking was allowed. In another hour,
Huntersville was at our backs, and we were plodding along
through the mountain-roads, wading deep, cold streams, and
climbing up steep hills. My feet were a mass of blisters,
and I was so weary that I would have given up ; but 1
knew I would be sent back. I told Kistler my condition,
and he put me on his shoulders, carrying me with as much
ease as if I were only his knapsack. That night we camped
in a swamp, without blankets ourselves; but Kistler soon
captured one for me. A little raw meat was served next
morning, and we were off, — I so sore, that only by bring
ing up the very utmost of my powers I travelled on.
That day at about two p. m. I could stand it no longer,
for our road was up, up, always up the mountain. I threw

" ON TO RICHMOND ! " 131
myself down by the road, telling the lieutenant they might
leave me, parole me, or shoot me, I had no choice, but to
walk one stSp further I would not. He told one of the guard
to stay with me till a government wagon came up, and then
bring me on to the Warm Springs, ¦where he would camp till
next day. So all marched on. My guard was an ignorant
Tennesseean ; and after talking to me a little, I pretended to
sleep. He was lying near me, a little off from the road, in
the woods. I soon noticed him sleeping, even snoring. I
took his gun in my hand and thought how easy I might
put an end to him. " Murder," responded my conscience, " to
kill a sleeping, ignorant man." I knew that for me to go
away would be folly : I could not walk the fourth of a mile.
In an hour, the wagons came up, and I was put in with three
wounded Rebels, At dark we came to the Warm Springs,
and found our boys in camp by the side of a brick church.
Flour had been given them, but nothing to cook it with.
So we mixed it up with water into thick paste, wrapped it on
sticks, and held it over the embers till cooked.
Next morning, we were paraded by the drunken lieuten
ant before the large hotel, for the criticism of the guests.
After going through this disagreeable inspection, we were
marched over the Warm Spring Mountain, t^ Bath Alum
Springs, where we were once more paraded, for the amusement
of the fashionable first families. Resuming our march, we
came to within five miles of Millsborough Station, which
was our destination ; but as it was climbing mountains all
the time, I gave out, once more refusing to walk ; so a guard
was left with me, with orders, after I rested, to walk slowly
on, and if we got to Millsborough after the train had gone,
to put me in the jail and leave me. This was sad, for I
wanted to go on with Captain Bense, Lieutenant Shafer,
Lieutenant Gilman, and Kistler, with whom I had formed
such pleasant acquaintance, and from whom I had received
so much kindness. While we sat by the way, a spring-
wagon drove by, with two Rebel officers sitting on the front
seat. We asked to ride. They said they were taking the
remains of Colonel Washington to Millsborough, and could
not make time for the train if they took us in.

132 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
As they passed by, a negro, driving three galled and broken-
down mules, came up;
" Where are you driving those mules, boy?"
" Gwine to pastor 'em at Millsborough, massa."
" I must ride one of them, then," said I.
" I got no 'jections, massa. Mighty 'fraid dat animal can't
hold you up, though."
The guard put me on the bare-backed and bridleless mule,
and walked behind, urging him up with his bayonet occa
sionally. We were soon up with our men, who all laughed
and cheered as I passed by them. I heard Captain Bense
say, " It 's hard to tell who looks the worse for wear, the man
or the mule."
At four p. M. we arrived at Millsborough, and in half an
hour, sixteen of us were put into a box-car, in most uncom
fortable quarters, and at ten p. m. we were in the city of
Staunton, where we were marched to an old depot, into which
straw had been put for our accommodation. I had no sooner
touched the straw than I was sleeping soundly; but I was soon
awakened by the noise of a drunken Rebel officer, who was
swearing at a great rate, and waking up the prisoners, to ask
them where they were from, and what they came down here
for. This first-family man flourished a huge knife, and told
how many men he could kill with it. At length he disturbed
the wrong man, when he got hold of a red-haired sergeant
of the Sixth Ohio Regiment, who drew himself up in Heeuan
style and told the F. F. V. in strong language, that, if he did
not let him go to sleep, he would kill him. The F. F. V.
did not use his knife, but swore vengeance next morning.
But when we marched out at daylight, I suppose this Confed
erate officer was sleeping off his drunk; and we marched to
the depot, and were off to Richmond, where we arrived at six
p. M. of, I think, the third day of October. We were marched
down Main Street amidst the hooting of soldiers and the
shouts of ragged little boys. " D-d Yankee ! " was all the
sound we could hear. At the lower end of Main Street is
situated several tobacco-factories. We were drawn up in
line in front of the officers' quarters, which at that time was
in Ligon & Co.,s factory. Here the roll was called, and a

"GOOD MORROW, RICHMOND!" 133
drunken lieutenant put down the names, rank, when and
where captured, charges, &c.
My name was called last. I was just going to give my
regiment, when the lieutenant who had come with us said,
" That man was captured several months ago as a spy, and
has been in jail at Huntersville."
I was heart-sick, for I thought I was free from that charge.
We stood there in the street till it was quite dark, when
we were marched into a factory opposite. The guards threw
up their guns, and we walked in amid the noise and bustle
of a soldier-prison. The rooms were very large, and the gas
burning brightly. Here were men from every State, in all
sorts of uniforms, laughing, singing, playing cards, and seem
ing very happy. We soon scattered through the building.
Each new-comer was the centre of some questioning crowd.
Before we had been in half an hour, I heard some two shots
fired at the new prisoners who had foolishly gone near a
third'Story window. In this way they told us several had
been killed within two weeks.
Next morning the sergeant came to call the roU, and'
ordered all new prisoners to stand on the east side of the-
room. He then commenced to call our names. But he
found that his roll, ¦written by the drunken lieutenant, was not
readable, and he called up one of his sergeants to copy it for
him on a blank, which he had with him. When he came
to my name, Captain Bense, who read the names off, instead
of reading my name as " captured in July as a spy," read,,
" captured in September, at Elk Water ; belonging to the'
Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteers." The sergeant now
caUed the roU ; then said, " All commissioned officers step two"
paces to the front." Captain Bense, Lieutenant Gilman, and
Lieutenant Shafer went out. Bense looked back, seeing me,,
and said, " There is Dr. Fletcher, Assistant Surgeon of the
Sixth Regiment" I took the hint, and was marched off with-
them to the officers' quarters.
We found some sixty Federal officers just at breakfast
Good bread, beefsteak, and coffee seemed to abound ; and I
for one did justice to these rarities ; and the result was that
in half an hour I was deadly sick. I found no one to talk
10

134 THE SOLDIEK OF INDIANA,
to. All our officers shunned me, for I was lean, long-hairtd,
ragged, and dirty. They were fat, slick, and in their new
uniforms, which they had worn on the Bull-Run field.
But in time I became well acquainted with all the officers,
received money from home, and spent as agreeable times as
a prisoner could be expected to. I used every endeavor to
learn if Clark was in Richmond; but he was not there. I
heard that a man of that description had been sent to New
Orleans.

KEMMENTS PORMINQ. I35

CHAPTER XI
INDIANA MUSTERING .HER FORCES,
¦"It is so ttttWersal to go •with joy, that do one can make a boast of it. To
%etray the contrary feeling would bring disgrace." — NiebuWs lAfe.
After the departure from Indiana of the six regiments or
ganized in accordance with the second call of the President,
there were left several companies and detachments, which, on
being assembled at Camp Morton, and re-organized, formed
a battalion of five .-companies, and received the name of the
*' Eighteenth Regiment in part."
For any future calls the War Department might make,
-companies from all parts of the S^tate continued to offer their
services, often coming to the capital to use the influence of
their presence with the'State authorities. When tfeey returned
to their homes, it was with disappointment, sometimes with
mingled anger and grief.
One day,in the ardent summer of Sixty-one, a member of a
rejected company, which was sullenly marching towards the
'Union Depot, started the spirited hymn, " I'm going home to
^e no more." It struck the fancy of his comrades. They
all joined lustily in tlie singing, and regained their good humor
either by the influence of the music, or the odd fitness of the
Tvords. GovernoT Morton, and other Indiana gentlemen, urged tipon
the Cabinet the danger of dampening enthusiasm by persist
ent refusals of the offers of volunteers, and represented the
necessity for more troops than had beeaa called into the ser
vice. At length, on the 11th of June, Governor Morton ob
tained EUJthority to accept six, and on the 22d four more
regiments. The Secretary of War desired that the troops raised under
the auspices of James W. McMillan and William L. Brown,
who had prcwjusly made a,pj)iication, should be oi^anized

136 THE SOLDIER OF INMANA.
among the accepted regiments. He afterv/ards added* the
regiment of Solomon Meredith.
The ten regiments formed in consequence of this permis
sion were — Nineteenth, under command of Solomon Mere
dith, and rendezvoused at Camp Morton; Twentieth, WUliam
L. Brown, Camp Tippecanoe, Lafayette; Twenty-First^
James W. McMllan, Camp Morton; Twenty- Second, Wil
liam G. Wharton, Camp Jefferson, Madison; Twenty-Thhd,.
William L. Sanderson, Camp Noble, New Albany; Twenty.
Fourth, Cyrus M. AUen, Camp Knox, Vincennes; Twenty-
Fifth, James G. Jones, Camp Vanderburg, Evansville;
Twenty-Sixth, under the auspicesof several gentlemsen. Camp
Sullivan, Indianapolis; Twenty-Seventh, under different indi
viduals, Camp Morton; Twenty-Eighth, Conrad Balcer, eight
companies organizied in camp, near Evansville, and six com
panies near Madison.
The last was a cavalry regiment, 'which the Government
¦Was induced to accept only after repeated solicitations. Cav
alry had not been an arm of the service during the revolu
tionary struggle; it had been little used in 1812, and not much
employed in the Mexican war. With all respect for that aged
servant of his country, it must be confessed that General
Scott had no love for innovation, and to this fact, probably,
was due the hesitation and delay with which ca-vahy ¦was
called. He was convinced that the war could be conducted
to a safe issue -without incurring the enormous additional
expense. In July a call for five hundred thousand volunteers was
issued by Congress. At this time the Secretary of War or
dered that the six regiments of three months volunteers should
be re-organized to serve three years, and that ten additional
regiments shoulibe accepted.
The Germans and Irish of Indiana proposed to form regi
ments to be composed exclusively of their own nationality.
Their propositions were accepted. The Germans selected
August Willich, the Irish John C. Walker, to engage in the
work of recruiting.
In August all restiictions on volunteering were removed.
The six earlier regiments were re-organized: Sixth, Colonel
Crittenden, Camp Jefferson; Seventh, Colonel Dumont, Camp

REGIMENTS FORMING. I37
Morton; Eighth, Colonel Benton, Camp Morton; Ninth,
Colonel Mihroy, in camp at WestviUe ; Tenth, Colonel Man-
son, Camp Tippecanoe; Eleventh, Colonel Wallace, Camp
Morton. Under the call for five hundred thousand, fifty regiments
of three years troops were raised, and eighteen batteries of
artillery. A number of regiments formed at that early period of the
war did not represent any particular Congressional District,
being hastily organized of such troops as were &*st on the
ground, -without reference to their locality. The generality,
however, were from particular Districts.
The Twenty Ninth wasorganized from the Indiana Legion,
for the Ninth Congressional District, by John F. Miller.
The Thirtieth was enlisted -in the Tenth District, and was
placed under the command of Sion S. -Bass, of Fort Wayne.
The Thirty-First was organized in the Seventh Disti-ict,
and placed under command of Charles Cruft
The Thirty- Second (First German) -was organized by
Colonel Willifeh, and was composed of men from almost
every part of the State.
The Thirty -Thfrd, from several Districts, was placed under
the command of Judge John Coburn.
The Thirty-Fourth, called also the " Morton Rifles," was
organized at Camp Anderson, in the town of Anderson, and
was mustered into the service under the command of Colonel
Asbury Steele.
The Thirty-Fifth (First Irish) was somewhat delayed in its
formation. It is said there was no difficulty in getting re
cruits, but that as the new recruits entered the camp, the older
volunteers, by a singular fatality, disappeared from it, and, in
consequence, for some time the number remained at a fixed
point. An attempt afterwards made to form a second Irish
regiment failed, and the recruits obtained were added to the
Thirty-Fifth, and filled up its numbers. The regiment was
under the command of John C. Walker, of Laporte.
The Thirty-Sixth was raised in the Fifth Congressional
District, under the auspices of William Grose, of Newcastle,
a,nd organized -with no delay.

:f 33 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
The Thirty-Seventh was formed from the Indiana Legion
in the Second Congressional District, and placed under the
command of George W. Hazzard, a Captain of artillery in.
the regular army.
On the application of Benjamin F. Scribner, of New
Albany, special orders were granted him, dated August 20,^
1861, to raise the Thirty-Eighth re^ment. His success was
rapid, and upon the Gom,pletion of the regiment, he was ap
pointed its Colonel.
Thomas J. Harrison, of Kokomo, and other gentiemen,.
offered their services, and' -were authorized by special orders
from the War Departmenttoraise aregiment of Sharpshooters.
The regiment was soon formed, and Mr. Harrison was com
missioned its Colonel.
The Fortieth, from the Tenth Distiict, was not recruited
so rapidly. William, C. Wilson -was appointed Colonel..
Under orders from the War Department, authority was con-
fen-ed on John A. Bridgeland, of Richmond, to form a com
plete regiment of cavahy, to- be mounted and equipped' in the
best style. This regiment was the Forty-First|^r the Second
Cavahy. The Forty-Second was raised in the First and Second Con^
gressional Districts, and organized at Camp Vanderburgh,
Evansville, by virtue of orders issued to James G. Jones, as
commandant On the completion of the regiment, he was
commissioned its ColoneL.
The Forty-Third was raised in the Seventh District, and
organized at Camp Vigo, Terre Haute. Special orders had
been issued to Hon. W. E. McLean, as commandant Gen
eral George B. Steele, of RockviUie, was commissioned its
Colonel. The Forty-Fourth was fi-om the Fourth District, and col-
Ilected imder the auspices of Hugh R Reed, who was ap
pointed its Colonel.
The Forty-Fifth regiment was formed of the six companies;
of the Twenty-Eighth^ which -were detached from the other
portion, united with fo.ux companies organized a month or
two later. Still later two other companies were added, ta
bring the regiment up to the full standard of twelve compa
nies required for cavalry.

REGIMENTS FORMING. I39
The Forty-Sixth was organized in the Ninth Congressional
District, at Logansport, under special authority issued to
Hon. Graham N. Fitch, who was appointed Colonel on its
completion. The Forty-Seventh was raised in the Eleventh District, and
organized at Anderson, under special orders to James R.
Slack, as commandant. He was afterwards appointed its
Colonel. The Forty-Eighth was furnished by the Tenth Congres
sional District, under special orders issued to Erastus W. H,
Effis, as commandant, and Dr. Norman Eddy. The latter
was commissioned Colonel.
The Forty-Ninth was chiefly from the Second District, and
raised under special orders issued to John W. Ray, Esq., of
Jeffersonville, as commandant He was appointed Colonel.
The Fiftieth was raised in the Second and Third Districts
by Hon. C. S. Dunham, who was appointed its Colonel. It
was organized at Seymour,
The Fifty-First was authorized by special orders to Abel
D. Streight, and organized at Camp Morton. Mr. Streight
was appointed its Colonel.
Special orders were given to W. C. McReynolds, of Rush-
viUe, to raise the Fifty-Second, and about the same time to
James M. Smith to form the Fifty- Sixth. The latter was to
be a Railroad regiment They progressed slowly, and were
united into one, called the Fifty-Second Raflroad regiment.
James M. Smith was made Colonel, and Mr. McReynolds
Lieutenant- Colonel.
The history of the organization of the Fifty-Third and
the Sixty-Second is similar. Walter Q, Gresham, of Cory-
don, who endeavored to raise the Fifty- Third, was commis
sioned Colonel, and William Jones, of Rockport, who was
active in efforts to form the Sixty-Second, was made Lieu
tenant Colonel.
The Fifty-Fourth and Fifty-Fifth were raised and organ
ized under special orders, for three months, to guard the rebel
prisoners at Camp Morton. D. Garland Rose was the Colonel
of the Fifty-Fourth, and John R. Mahan Lieutenant- Colonel
of the Fifty-Fifth.

140 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
John S. Mansfield was selected to raise a second German
regiment, but enlistments were tardy, and the companies
gathered for it were afterwards united with the Fifty- Third.
The Fifty- Seventh was authorized on the application of
Rev. John W. T. McMullen and Rev. Frank D. Harden, in
the Fifth Congressional and adjoining Districts. The regi
ment was organized at Richmond, and the two Reverend gen
tiemen were given command, ranking as their names are
mentioned. Dr. Andrew Le-wis, of Princeton, received orders to form
the Fifty-Eighth regiment in the First District. It was or
ganized -without delay, and the Colonelcy offered to the Doctor,
but he declined it Captain H. M. Carr, of the Eleventh
regiment, was then appointed ColoneL
The Fifty-Ninth, or " Noble Rifles," was formed by Jesse
J. Alexander, of Gosport
The Sixtieth was raised under orders granted to Colonel
Richard Owen, and rendezvoused at Evansville.
The Sixty-First, or Second Irish, never reached its full
number, and was consohdated -with the First L'ish.
A camp of rendezvous for the Sixty-Third was estabhshed
at Covington, under James M. Manomy. When only four
companies were enhsted their services were required at La
fayette to guard prisoners, and the fuU regiment was not organ
ized under the call for five hundred thousand.
It was intended that the Sixty-Fourth and Sixty-Fifth reg
iments should be formed of batteries of artiUery, but orders
from the War Department prevented their organization, and
announced that artillery would be received only as indepen
dent batteries.
The Sixty-Fifth was organized in the First Congressional
District, under Dr. Andrew H. Le-wis, commandant Major
Foster, of Evansville, was commissioned Colonel.
The Sixty-Sixth was furnished by the Second Congres
sional District, and organized at New Albany, under Roger
Martin. DeWitt G. Anthony was appointed Colonel.
The First Battery of Artillery was organized August 16,
rmder Captain Martin Klaus, of Evansville; the Second Bat
tery, September 1, under Captain David G. Rabb, of Rising

REGIMENTS FORMING. 141
Sun; the Third Battery, August 24, Captain Walton W
Frybarger, Connersville ; the Fourth Battery, September 30,
Captain Asahel R. Bush, Michigan City ; the Fifth, Novem
ber 22, Captain Simonson, Fort Wayne ; the Sixth, or Mor
ton Battery, September?, Captain Frederick Behr, Evansville;
the Seventh, December 2, Captain Samuel J. Harris, Colum
bus; the Eighth, January 24, 1862, Captain George T.
Cochran, Evansville; the Ninth, February 25, Captain Noah
S. Thompson, CrawfordsviUe; Tenth, Januaiy, Captain
Jerome B. Cox, Lafayette; Eleventh, December 17, 1861,
Captain A. Sutermeister, Fort Wayne; Twelfth, January 25,
Captain George W. Sterling, Jeffersonville ; Thfrteenth, Feb
ruary 22, Captain Ben. S. Nickhn; Fourteenth, March 11,
Captain Meredith H. Kidd, Wabash; Fifteenth, April, Cap
tain John C. H. von Sehlen, Indianapolis ; Sixteenth, May
26, Captam Charles A. Naylor, Lafayette ; Seventeenth, May
20, Captain Milton F. Minor, Rochester; Eighteenth, August
20, Captain Eli Lilly, Greencastle.
The mere enumeration of regiments and batteries is suffi
cient to show that it was no evanescent enthusiasm which
roused Indiana at the outbreak of the rebellion. The patriot
ism, which then seemed to spring into existence, not only did
not cool, but kept on warming, widening and deepening. The
recruiting drum and the recruiting officer summoned men
everywhere to consider the claims of their country.
The Annual Cyclopedia, for 1861, reports:
" As renewed calls for troops -were made, Indiana responded
with a promptness and patriotism unsurpassed by any State
in the Union. She sent into the field considerably more than
her quota of troops, and they Were adnurably equipped and
provided. The forces raised in the State and sent to the front
before the first of January, 1862, were, in round numbers,
about sixty thousand. Of these, fifty-three thousand five
hundred were infantry, four thousand five hundred were cav
ahy, and about two thousand artillery. During the year, fifty-
three thousand six hundred and sixty-six muskets and rifles,
and ten thousand four hundred and fifty-nine cavarly arms,
were distributed by the State to the different regiments."

142 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
Adjutant General Thomas, who, -with General Cameron,
Secretary of War, visited the State in October, says in his
report: "We found that the State of Indiana had come nobly up
to the work of suppressing the rebellion. She had raised and
equipped a larger number of troops in proportion to her pop
ulation than any other State in the Union. The best sphit
prevailed, and it was manifest that more troops could easily
be raised."
In Ms efforts to arm and equip the troops, Governor Mor
ton was ably seconded by all the good men in the State who
were in authority; nevertheless the work had peculiar diffi
culties. The Governor's manner of action and his degree
of success are shown in the foUo-wing extract from his message
¦written for the Forty-Second regular session of the Legisla
ture of Indiana:
" When the war began the stock of arms on hand, belong
ing to the Government, was small, and generally of a very
inferior quality. It was due to the lives and honor of the
brave men who went to the field, to the character of the State,
and the success of our cause, that our troops should be fur
nished -with the best arms that could be procured. Accord
ingly, I sent my agents into the market from -time to time,
and purchased the best arms that could be obtained upon
fan- terms, and this I continued to do until such time as the
Federal Government requested the States to desist from the
further purchase of arms, alleging that it increased the com
petition and raised the prices, and declaring that it would
supply all troops, and would pay for no more arms purchased
by the State. With the exception of a few thousand, all the
first class arms in the hands of Indiana tioops were purchased
by the State; but it has been a source of great trouble and
mortification that a large portion of our troops, despite of all
efforts made, have been supplied -with arms of an inferior
quality. "When our first regiments were ready to take the field,
they were unprovided -with ammunition, and as none could
be readily procured, it became necessary to have it prepared.
Mr. Sturm, now Lieutenant- Colonel Sturm of the Fifty-

REGIMENTS FORMING. 143
Fourth regiment, was engaged for that purpose. He had
studied the art in Europe, and was thoroughly instructed in
all its details. He succeeded well in the enterprise from the
beginning, and Ms ammunition was pronounced the very best
in use. Thus was the arsenal established, and as the demand
for ammunition daily increased, and the necessity so far from
passmgaway,becameconstantly greater as the -war progressed,
what was first intended as a temporary convenience, became
a large and permanent establishment. Colonel Sturm con
tinued to be at the head of the establishment, managing it
with great success and ability, preparing ammunition of every
description for artillery and small arms, not only supplying
our own troops when going to the field, but sending immense
quantities to the armies of the West and South. In several
emergencies, the armies in the West and South were supplied
from here, -when they could not procure it from other arsenals,
and serious disasters thereby avoided
"Shortly after the arsenal was fully estabhshed, it was
brought to the attention of the War Department, and the
ammunition having been thorougMy tested, the Government
agreed to pay for what had already been issued, and to receive
and pay for what should be prepared thereafter, at prices
wMch were mutually satisfactory. These prices were gen
erally below what the Government paid for ammunition, but
such as it was beHeved would fairly indemnify the State for
all costs and expenses incurred on that accoimt Every effort
was made to conduct the operations of the arsenal ¦with great
economy, while paying a fair price to the many operatives
employed. Persons have been employed, sometimes to the
number of five hundred, and profitable occupation has thus
been furnished to many who otherwise would have wanted
the means of support. My direction to Colonel Sturm was
to give the preference to those whose relatives and supporters
were in the field. Up to the first day of January, 1862, there
havebeenprepared at the arsenal ninety-two thousand romids
of artillery ammunition, and twenty-one million, nine hun
dred and fifteen thousand five hundred rounds of ammumtion
for small arms."

144 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
Although Governor Morton used every exertion to fill up
our regiments, and to provide the ti-oops wnth ammunition
and arms, he did not regard the men in the ranlcs as mere
fighting material. Thefr needs and pains and grievances were
real to Mm. Perhaps Ms efforts to relieve the sufferings of
the soldiers, and to lessen then- hardships, are more remarka
ble than Ms exertions in any other direction. One more
passage must be extracted from Ms message, wMch is simply
a report to his employers, i. e., the people of the State, for the
sake of sho-wing an outline of his course for the relief of suf
fering. Here, as everywhere, he was ably and warmly seconded
by all the Christian and patriotic community.
" Shortly after the war began, it became apparent that our
sick and wounded soldiers, when all had been done for them
that could be by regimental and hospital surgeous, under the
regulations, must, in very many cases, suffer greatiy from want
of attention, and necessary supplies. Accordingly, I very-
early adopted the plan of sending agents to look after the
condition, and as far as possible supply the wants, of the
Indiana troops. These agents had their instiuctions to follow
the track of our armies, to pick up the sick and the wounded
who had fallen by the wayside, visit the hospitals, report the
names of the sick, wounded and dead, afford relief whenever
it could be afforded, inform the State authorities what kind
of supplies were needed and where, visit the troops in the
field and ascertain their wants and condition, and aid in having
their requisitions for supplies promptly filled. These agents
have generally performed their duty well, and, I believe, have
been the instruments' of saving the lives of hundreds of our
gallant soldiers, and of relieving a vast amount of suffering
and destitution. Many of then- reports are descriptive of
sufferings, sorrows and death that would melt the stoutest
heart, and show better than can be learned in any other way
the dreadful horrors of war. The labors of these agents were
not confined to any particular duties, but extended to every
kind of relief that soldiers might need. They aided in pro
curing fm-loughs for the sick and wounded, discharges for
such as would not be able to serve again, in furnishing trans
portation at the expense of the State for such as had not the

REGIMENTS FORMING. 145
means of travel, and getting home; recei^ving the soldiers'
money and distributing it to their families; himting up de
scriptive rolls for such as had been long confined in hospitals,
but for want of their roUs could not be paid or discharged;
visiting the battle-fields, bringing home the wounded, and
distributing sanitary stores. In some cases I directed the
chartering of steamboats for the transportation of the sick
and wounded, and, in general, instructed my agents to incur
such expenses as were absolutely necessary to enable them
to execute their missions. But, notwithstanding aU that has
been done, I have to lament that the efforts have come far
short of the mighty demand; that much suffering has gone
unrelieved, and that many of our brave sons have languished
and died among strangers, in destitution and neglect, vwth no
friend present to soothe their last hours, or mark the spot
where their ashes sleep.
" I have employed and sent to the field many additional
assistant surgeons, to rem'ain until the emergency they were
sent to relieve had passed. After severe battles the regimental
surgeons, worn down by fatigue and exposure, were found to
be inadequate to the care of the wounded, and additional aid
became indispensable. r
" Many times all the surgeons of a regiment were either
sick or absent on detached duty, and their places had to be
suppfied by temporary appointments. They have generally
discharged their duty with ability, and to the satisfaction of
those to whom they were sent, and for the promptitude with
which they left their business -and responded to the sudden
calls, are entitled to the thanks of the State."

J46 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER XJL
MISSOURI.
Next to Virginia, Missouri was dragged into the war.
Her Legislature would not vote for Secession, and the Con
vention elected by her people voted decidedly against it
The Governor of the State, a violent and servile adherent
of the South, was able to promote revolutionary measures
only by the most Mgh-handed assumption of authority.
To the Confederacy, it was a matter of special pride to
gain and hold a State wMch had been snatched from Uberty,
ahnost -with battle, on her entrance into a political existence;
it was also the plainest wisdom, not simply because of the
value of territory and numbers, but on account of the
natural endowments of the State. Her rolling prairies, of
unsurpassed depth and richness of soU; her dense 'forests;
her mountams burdened with ore; her rivers, many and
broad, gave rich and rare promise; and her population,
mingled German and American, insured, the one by its bold
and ready ingenuity, the other by its faithful industry, the
development) or the application of aU this power. Moreover,
the acquisition of Missouri would involve the destinies* of
the Indian Nation, Arizona, New Mexico, and even Kansas,
all, indeed, of the vast territory to the West and South-
West But Missouri was not Southern. In geographical position,
and in all material interests, she was more nearly allied with
the North than with the South; and she was so fortified,
with slave-hating Kansas for her western bulwark, and loyal
and Uberal St. Louis on her eastern border, that she could
not, -without a mortal struggle, be drawn into Secession;
neither could she, -without Secession, be long retained in the
bonds of Slavery.

BOMBAST. 147
The loyalty of St Louis was due to the extraordinarily
mixed character of her population. In the shops and offices
of the city lives another New England. In the streets walks
all Europe, from the stubbed Hebridean to the taU Tyrolese,
to whom their native rock, denying everything else, gives
most bountifally of loyalty, the one luxuriant mountain
growth. A large majority of the population of the State, at the
beginmng of the Secession movement, spoke out in favor of
continuing the old relations. AU the Germans, of whom
there were many thousands in the agricultural districts, and
the most of the intelligent native Americans were patriotic.
Slavery formed a strong bond to the South ; stronger to
the rich slaveholders, whose farms lay along the Missouri
River, than the ties of trade, friendsMp, family or refigion.
Moreover, not only the Governor, but all the cMef executive
officers, in 1860 and 1861, were Secessionists, and were
unscrupulous in the choice of means for the furthering of
their ends. They schemed at home and -with each other:
and they had personal and epestolary correspondence with
the leaders of the Cotton States, who exerted aU their not
insignificant powers of diplomacy to win so valuable a
territory. WMle other States, in the same latitude, roused with
enthusiasm at the caU of the President for seventy-five
thousand troops, Missouri replied to the demand in the
following terms : " The requisition is illegal, unconstitutional,
revolutionary, inhuman, diabolical, and cannot be complied
with. Missouri won't furnish a single man for such an
unholy crusade."
In the name of Missouri the reply was given, but the voice
was Jackson's voice.
It is not unwise to observe the contrast in the tone of the
Confederate authorities, and of the Colonial Representatives
at the beginning of the Revolutionary struggle. The one
grave, dignified and self-respecting, as became men who
honored authority, and regarded the interests of the people ;
the other fiery, spiteful, piping, the voice of mutinous, iU-bred
children.

148 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
The struggle wMch a man makes for independence that he
may control Mmself, and the struggle wMch a man makes
for independence that he may contiol others, differ not only
morally, as De Tocquevflle says, but rhetorically.
The Missouri Legislature was too cowardly to come out
plainly in favor of Secession, but it was decidedly in the
interest of the slave-holding aristocracy; and was easily
cajoled into investing the Governor, -with despotic power,
and into presenting him for military purposes an immense
fund, wMch was obtained by appropriating the income of
educational and benevolent institutions. The same assembly
showed an appreciation of the sort of stiuggle wMch would
ensue, and of the sort of force which would be required if
once the domineering party should be arrayed against the
General Government, by passing a biU for cultivating
friendly relations with the Indian tiibes.
The Unionists of Missouri were watchful and zealous.
At their entieaty the General Government promptly inter
fered. Had it been otherwise, the State, bound hand and
foot, would have been given over to the Southern Confed
eracy; and the contest which succeeded, and which was
bitter enough and long enough, would have been intensified
and prolonged. Several gentlemen in St Louis hastily
consulted -with each other, and promised the President, on
their own responsibility, the four regiments required of the
State. The Secretary of War, accordingly, sent orders to
Captain Lyon, who was at the time in command of the
United States Arsenal in the city, to enrol the regiments in
the United States service as soon as they were raised.
Ten days after the reply of Gov. Jackson to the President's
requisition, a national force took possession at night of the
contents of the Arsenal, and carried them off to Springfield,
Illinois. It was a masterly stioke, but Gov. Jackson was
prepared for emergencies.. A few days later, he received a
quantity of arms which had been taken from the United
States Arsenal in Baton Rouge, aud sent up the river in
boxes marked "marble." These he put into the hands of a
force wMch was called together ostensibly for military
instiuction. In addition to the arms from Baton Rouge, a

M4J- GEH. IJ; S V;

CONFUSION AND DISTRESS. 149
large supply was obtained by the robbing of an arsenal in
Clay County, of a magazine in St Joseph, and of scattered
Union families.
The fact that the Governor favored Secession opened the
door to every evil. No exhortation to peace could influence,
and no law could control the idle, uneducated, constitu
tionally rebellious sons of rich planters ; and the rowdies and
rascals who had everything to gain, nothing to lose by
revolution. They seized with a mad eagerness opportunities
for lawless roving and robbing, and infficted untold outiages
upon Union families. No farm nor vUlage was safe from
their intiusion. Furnished -with a commission to "hunt,"
they pursued a system of horse-steahng and general robbery,
and dehghted in inspiring the helpless and unprotected with
terror. Not satisfied, with robbery, and with the terror their
oaths and outcries excited, they committed more hideous
crimes, " Their hands shed innocent blood ; and their feet
were swift in running to mischief," They murdered loyal
men at midnight on their own thresholds. No day, no hour,
no place was secure. St. Louis, crowded with Umonists
and Secessionists escaped from the open country or the
smaller towns, was daily and nightly threatened with
riots. Many fled from the State. It was calculated that
at least fifty thousand inoffensive persons fled from Missouri
to the Free States, cMefly to Illinois, before the Autumn.
Those who were so bold as to remain in sparsely settled
districts tried to provide means for self-defense, and kept
ready places for hiding. Volunteer companies for and
against the Government were raised in every populous
county. Home guards were formed of such as could not
leave their homes. Often in reUgious meetings, in the-
summer of Sixty-one, and in the three foUo-wing years,, the-
solemn prayer in the house of God was broken in upon, by
a loud voice at the door, caUing "Every man must report for
duty within five minutes! Price is upon us!"' or, "The-
Guerrillas are coming!"
From side to side, and end to end, the State was rocked
and tossed in the turmoil of confficting interests and
passions. 11

150 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
The officers of the regular army in command in Missouri,
and the Unionists of the State used every means in theh
power to preserve peace, and to lighten the wide-spread
gloom. Harney, Lyon, Boernstein, Sweeny, Sturgis, Hurl-
but, issued proclamations, in which they exhorted the people
to peace and loyalty. But thefr zeal and activity were
outdone by the zeal and activity of the opposite party.
Jackson, Price, Thompson, McCuUoch cried, "War! War to
the knife! War to the hilt!" They studiou.sly made use
of every expression which could inflame the unthinking and
the passionate. Tyrants, despots, invaders, usurpers, minions,
mercenary hordes — ^these, and the like of these, were the
terms in which they spoke of soldiers, and of aU supporters
of the Government,
" Come now, strike while the iron is hot ! " exhorted Jeff
Thompson, in a proclamation issued the first of August
" Our enemies are whipped in Virginia^ They are whipped
in Missouri. Gen. Hardee advances in the centie, Gen.
Pfllow on the right and Gen. McCuUoch on the left, with
twenty thousand brave Southern hearts to our aid. So,
leave your ploughs in the furrow, and your oxen in the yoke,
and rush hke a tornado upon your invaders and your foes, to
sweep them from the face of the earth, or to force them from
the soil of our State ! We have plenty of ammunition, and
the cattle upon ten thousand hflls are om-s. We have forty
thousand Belgian muskets coming, but bring your guns and
muskets with you, if you have them, if not, come without
them. We wfll strike your foes Mice a Southern thunderbolt,
and soon our camp-fires -will iUumine the Merrimac and
Missouri. Come, turn out ! "
Such eloquence was irresistible. Jeff Thompson's poetry
also stirred the Southern Missouri spirit. One of his
productions, entitied "Home Agaui," shows the same
famiharity with sacred tMngs which is noticeable in his
proclamation. "I •will return, though foes may stand
Disputing every rod :
My own dear home, my native land,
I'll win you yet, by  !"

tJENERAL PRICE BEGINS HIS CAREER. 151
in June, Governor Jackson appointed Steiiing Price, an
unscrupulous and popular man, -with some military experience,
having been an officer in the Mexican War, major-general
of the State forces. The Camp of Instruction which he
formed directly after the President's first requisition, was
early broken up by Captain Lyon. But the loss of troops
was but temporary. Governor Jackson called for fifty thou
sand volunteers, and young men from all parts of the State
flocked to his standard. He appointed nine brigadier-
generals. The same month, with as much of an army as
they could collect in so short a time, Governor Jackson and
General Price started west to Jefferson City.
General Lyon lost no time in gomg in pursuit Near
Booneville, he came up with the Rebel army and routed it
Price gathered his men together again, and moved on toward
the South- West, Lyon following.
The retreat and pursuit continued two or three days, when
Lyon was so delayed by lack of transportation, that he feU
far behind. But just as Jackson and Price were rid of Lyon,
Colonel Sigel, who had been sent from St. Louis by a
different route, with a Union force of fifteen hundred,
appeared in their front, and attacked them with spirit.
His number, however, was greatly inferior, and he was forced
to fall back by a movement of the enemy threatening to
outflanlc him both right and left Sigel arranged his cannon
so as to keep the Rebel cavalry at a distance, and retreated
more than twenty miles, ¦without the loss of a man or a gun,
and carrying ¦with him aU who were Idlled and wounded in
the battle. General Price's army continued to increase by
reinforcements from the South, and by the daily enhstment
of Missourians.
General Lyon, on the contiary, although he stopped at
Springfield -and waited for assistance, received no addition to
his numbers, while he suffered such decrease as must
result from the ordinary amount of sickness. His entire
number, including Sigel's force and the inmates of his
hospital, was five thousand three hundred and sixty-eight
He urged the Government to send Mm men. But the three-
nnon^^s' troops had just, been mustered out of service; the

152 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
battie of BuU-Run had just been fought; WasMngtoM was
threatened, and the Cabinet had neither eyes nor ears for
anything but the dangers and needs of the East Instpad
of receiving reinforcements, Lyon received an order to send
his regulars to Washmgton. The order distressed and per-
¦ plexed him. He -wrote on July 15th, " I must utterly fail if
my regulars aU go. Troops from the Northern, Middle and
Eastern States are available for the support of the army in
Virgima, and it seems steange that the West must be stripped
of the means of defence."
The causes wMch affected the East operated -with equal
force on the West. If any slave-holders in Missouri had
hitherto hesitated, after the battle of Bull Run they hesitated
no longer to know and declare their sentiments. They
threw of aU disguise, snatched their rifles and their horses,
and joined the Rebel army ; or if debaiTcd by age from the
use of arms, they freely gave of their substance, confident
that the early establishment of the Confederacy would repay
four-fold their losses. If Union citizens were cautious,
slow, reticent and timid before, after the battie of Bull Run
they were cowed and cowardly.
About the middle of July, John C. Fremont was appointed
commander of the Western Distiict, including the States of
Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri and Kansas, -with the territories
west of these.
The new commander was no unlaiown aspirant for glory.
Raising the American flag in California, when her gold was
yet undiscovered ; flinging out its folds from the highest peak
of the Rocky Mountains, he seemed born to be the herald
of freedom. The desert and the mountain gave Mm a name.
Hungary and Poland, and aU the oppressed of Europe knew
the " Pathfinder," His fame had even reached the slave
quarters of the South, It warmed the heart of every intelli
gent black man. It burned in every slave-holder's soul.
It is said that in the summer of the Fremont-and-
Buchanan Presidential campaign, ten or more negroes were
hung, near GaUatin, Tennessee, for showing an interest in
the election of Fremont. In the same state, about the same
time, a. slave, who suffered death under the tortures of the

FREMONT'S WORK. 153
whip, prophesied as each lash fell, " Fremont will come ! "
"Fremont ¦will come!" and died moaning, "Fremont!"
But, if the helpless bondmen's love was stionger than
death, the master's hate was grimmer than the grave. Our
good President the slave-holder dared to scorn ; but ridicule,
the most acrimomous, never lighted up the regards of the
South for Fremont
General Fremont was therefore acceptable to his Depart
ment. With the exception of a few, who bore a personal
grudge against Mm, and who, unfortunately, were influen
tial and prominent men, even Ms old political opponents
generously welcomed him. They expected great things
from him, while Ms friends encouraged impossible hopes.
He did not arrive m St. Louis until the 25th of July, not
having left New York, where he was engaged procuring, or
attempting to procure arms, until after the battie of Bull
Run set everybody in motion. He was to raise Ms o-wn
forces, orgamze them, arm them and discipline them. He
was to protect a Department of immense extent, and threat
ened along its whole southern frontier, from invasion ; and
to suppress in the same immense distiict, heaving -with
discontent, any attempts at insm-rection. He was to cut the
Confederacy m two by clestring the banks of the Mississippi
of the enemy, and by going down the river to the Gulf. No
instiuctions and no plans were given him. All was to be
done by Ms own ingenuity, skill and power.
It was a herculean task which was before him. He
undert.ook it thoughtfully, but boldly, trusting in himself and
in his countiymen.
The Union tioops aheady assembled for the defence of
Missouri were few and in LU condition.
General Prentiss held the httle, old, dirty town of Cairo,
important from its position, lying as it does on the point of
land between the OMo and Mississippi Rivers, and com
manding -the entianee by water into the two States of
Illinois and Missouri. He had eight regiments, six of wMch
were three-months' regiments, re-enlisted, but not yet re-or
ganized, and therefore not reliable. A single regiment, with
a single battery, held Cape Girardeau. At Ironton, seventy-

154 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANJI.
five mUes from St. Louis by railroad, was one regiment
General Pope was in Northern Missouri with a few thousand
men. General Lyon was at Springfield with the force
aheady described.
These troops were not clamoring for pay, but tliey were in
need of it, and consequently were dissatisfied.
Within a circle of fifty miles round General Prentiss were
twelve thousand Confederate volunteers. At New Madrid
General Pillow had a force of fifteen or twenty thousand
infantry, also cavalry and artillery. Another force was
gatheringunder Brigadier-General Jeff.Thompson. Hovering
near Springfield was General Price, with an army varying in
number from ten to twenty thousand, but neither better
armed nor disciphned than the National forces.
Anxious to allay or prevent discontent, one of the fii-st
subjects to which General Fremont turned his attention was
the payment of the tioops. But the United States Treasurer
in St. Louis, though he bad in his possession three hundred
thousand dollars, refused to put any part of the sum in the
bands of the General. Fremont, in consequence, sent a
small force to the Treasury, ¦with orders to seize one hundred
thousand dollars. With this amo-unt he directed such pay
ments to be made as he thought the emergency required.
In a private letter to President LincoM. in -which he makes a
statement of his intention to seize the money, be says ; " I
will risk everything for the defence of the Department you
have confided to me, and I ti-nst to you for support,"
General Fremont's first effort was in favor of General
Prentiss, as Lyon, if necessary, could save Mmself by a
retreat, which would cost only Springfield, but Prentiss could
not abandon Cairo without risldng the loss of St, Louis, and
the whole North- West, a loss which, after the defeat of
Manassas, might have been irretiievable. Cape Girardeau
and L-onton were immediately reinforced j and, five days
after his arrival at St, Louis, Fremont embarked -with a force
of three thousand eight hundred men for Cairo, Returning
to St, Louis, he sent a pressing appeal to Governor Morton,
to which the latter repHed, August the fourth : " Can send
five regiments,, if leave is granted by the Department, as 1

"HE KNEW HOW TO DIE, BUT NOT HOW TO SURRENDER." 155
am ordered to send them East as fast as ready." General
Fremont immediately prepared to send tioops to liyon from
new regiments which were now arriving, though they were
all undriUed, without transportation, almost -without arms,
and as yet there were no arms nor accoutrements in the city.
He ordered a regiment which was guarding BooneviUe, and
another which was in Kansas, to go -without delay to
Springfield. It was already too late. General Price, weU aware of
the vigorous character of Fremont, and informed of Ms
present alacrity, delayed not an hour after he heard of orders
for the reinforcement of Lyon. A bloody battle was fought
on Wilson's Creek, near Springfield, on the tenth day of
August The Federals were defeated by overwhelming
numbers. General Lyon, after two wounds, in spite of
which he held his place on the field, feU while crying to a
regiment which had lost its leaders, "I -wiU lead you, men!
FoUow me!"

15g THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA,

CHAPTER XIIL
INDIANA TO THE RESCUE.
The loss of the battle of Wilson's Creek, so soon after the
disaster of Bull Run, and the death of General Lyon, one
of the most efficient commanders in the service, were deplo
rable events. The Government was roused to the danger,
and, at the same time, to the value of Missouri, and made
immediate efforts to increase Fremont's strength. AU the
Indiana regiments which had not already been sent to the
East were, without any delay for preparations, ordered off
to the West. Before the middle of September the Twenty-
Second, the Twenty-Third, the Eighteenth, the Twenty-
Fourth, eight companies of the Twenty-Eighth, the Twenty-
Fifth, the Eleventh, the Eighth, and the Twenty-Sixth, with
three batteries, the First, Second and Third, had reached the
metiopohs of Missouri.
The Twenty-Second and the Twenty- Third -were the first
to arrive. They left Indiana on the same day, August 17,
-with high hopes of spending Thanksgiving in Memphis and
Christmas in New Orleans. They were both unarmed, and
were the first unarmed regiments wMch left the State.
The Twenty-Second was particularly happy in its com
manding officer. Colonel Jefferson C. Davis. He had received
a thorough military training in active life, and had aheady
won a degree of military distinction. He entered the Mexi
can war when he was little more than a boy, and sers'cd
through the whole war without the loss of a day. For gaUant
conduct he was promoted to a Ueutenancy in an artrUery regi
ment, which, as it happened, was remarkable for its talent
Twenty-one of the officers -with whom he was daily associated
in this regiment gaiaed, during the rebeUion, either a bad or
good eminence as Generals in the Confederate or in the

TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 157
National army. In 1852, and afterwards in 1857, he was
engaged in settiing Indian difficulties in the South. He was
the first commander of the first garrison in Fort Sumter.
Here he had charge of the cargo of a slaver which had been
captured, and, although several -writs of habeas corpus were
served against him by the excited and angry people of Charles
ton, he refused to surrender the helpless Africans. The ques
tion was settled by the yeUow fever, which set in with violence,
and carried off so many of the captives that Lieutenant Davis
was aUowed, -without opposition, to send the poor remainder
to Liberia.
During the siege of Sumter, Davis was the only Indianian
in the garrison. He was on the ramparts when, in the morn
ing twilight of AprU 12th, the first shell of the Rebellion ex
ploded over the Fort. He had command of a battery during
the bombardment, and silenced, with his weU-directed guns,
a floating battery of which the Rebels had great expectations.
After the surrender he went with Major Anderson to New
York, where he received promotion to a Captaincy, accom
panied -with orders to repair to Indianapolis as mustering
officer for Indiana. He preferred service in the field, and after
several months of severe labor in organizing and equipping
regiments, he was commissioned Colonel of the Twenty-
Second Indiana.
The men were delighted with a commander who was thus
identified with the war from the beginmng. They liked him
none the less for bearing the arch-traitor's name. To fight
Jeff. Davis -with Jeff. Davis put a little fun into the serious
business of war.
The Twenty-Second went into camp in the suburbs "of St.
Louis, and waited impatiently nearly two weeks for arms.
But almost as soon as the anxiously looked-for muskets were
put into the hands of the men they were stacked, their worth-
lessness was so evident The locks of some could not be
moved, and of others. were entirely gone. The next supply could
be fired, but from their habit of kicking were nearly as danger
ous behind as before. It was not unusual to see a man fall flat
when his guu went off. These arms were calculated, accord-

158 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
ing to the wits of the regiment, to favor the movement of
rising to fire and faUing to reload.
The Eighteenth regiment went tMough various mutations
before it was fairly organized, owing to the fact that its first
companies were enlisted for the State service, and for only one
year. At one time notMng existed of the regiment but the
name. It was, at last, organized hastily to meet the imme
diate demand for tioops consequent upon the disaster to our
arms at Wilson's Creek. The day after its organization,
August 17th, having been partially suppled with camp and
garrison equipage, grey uniforms, and old-fasMoned muskets,
with five Enfield rifles to each company, the regiment started
to St. Louis. The men pitched their tents, for the first time,
in Lafayette Park. They caUed their first encampment, hi
honor of General Fremont's wife. Camp Jessie.
Thomas Pattison, of Aurora, was Colonel of the regiment.
He was an Irishman by birth, had served in the British army,
and was acquainted with the duties and responsibilities of an
officer. This was quite satisfactory to Ms regiment, as there
was then, if not a land of distiust of American officers, what
ever their talent and patiiotism, some shght prejudice in favor
of gentlemen of European birth and parentage, war in
Europe and peace in America being considered the normal
state of affairs.
The Colonel of the Twenty-Fourth regiment, which was
the next after the Eighteenth to arrive in St. Louis, was an
able and successful lawyer from Mount Vernon, Indiana. He
was an ardent Democrat, and stood high in the estimation
of his party, the leaders of which, tMoughout his previous
public career, wiMngly bestowed favors on him. When he
was twenty-four years old Governor Whitcomb appointed
him First Lieutenant in a company raised to join our army
in Mexico. When he was twenty-nine Governor Wright
appointed him President Judge of the Fourth Judicial Cir
cuit The next year, 1852, he was elected and commissioned
Judge of the same Circuit In 1854 Governor Wright ap
pointed him one of the Supreme Judges of the State. Pres
ident Pierce, in 1856, appointed him United States District
Attorney for Indiana.

( FIRST CAVALRY. 159
James Buchanan removed him from this position for the
lack of Lecomptonism, and put in his place Hon. Daniel
Voorhees. K proof was needed, the list of appointments is
enough, to show that it was not disappointment, but solid
principle, which led Judge Hovey to sink the Democrat in
the Patriot.
His reputation, his fine soldierly air, and the way he set
about his work, intioduced Mm favorably to the Twenty-
Fom-th. In Camp Knox no muskets were to be had, but as
time could not be lost, clubs were substituted. Tramping up
and down on guard, with a shouldered shUlelah, the new sol
dier looked as formidable, and felt as warMce, as necessary in
a peaceful community ; but they were quite wUling, before
¦ leaving for St. Louis, to reHnquish their clubs for smooth
bore muskets.
The Twenty-Eighth Indiana regiment, as has been men
tioned, was a cavahy regiment. Its origin is not without
interest. Conrad Baker, of EvansviUe,,was in Indiaiiapohs in June,
1861, when he was approached by Governor Morton with the
proposition to raise and take charge of a cavahy regiment.
Pvli-. Balcer had been an active Repubhcan since the organi
zation of the party. He was a warm supporter of Fremont
in the canvass of 1856, and was a thorough-going Lincoln
man in I860.
He looked with horror and dismay upon the proceedings
of the South, and often, while m his office, quietly unraveling
the intiicacies of a law-suit, or in the court room pleading the
cause of a clien|;, he felt a pang of self-reproach that his in
dividual life was secure and peaceful in the midst of impend
ing national ruin. It sometimes seemed that a voice outside
of himself put the reproach into form, with the question: "Is
there notMng you can do?" But he had no knowledge of
mUitary affairs, and was no more of a horseman than might
be expected of a sober, middle-aged gentleman, an industiious
lawyer, and an elder in the Presbyterian church.
The subject was serious enough, yet he could not help
laughing at Governor Morton's proposition. The Governor
answered his objections, and surprise by asking him to

160 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
name a sufficient number of men with military education to
officer the regknents required from the State. The Ust was
painfully smaU. In the extiemity but one test could be ap
plied — the energy with which men pursued and the abUity
with which they controUed thefr private business.
Mr. Baker could not but admit the justice of the criterion.
He acknowledged himself devoted to Ms country. It is
scarcely probable, too, that he did not feel conscious of that
veracity which, when united to good sense, above anything
else, fits a man for a place of command, because, above any
thing else, it wins the faith of subordinates. Such a man
need not reflect long. The stiuggle preparatory to the great
step had aheady, although unconsciously, taken place.
He went home to form a regiment on the the terms pro
posed by Governor Morton. The men were to provide their
own horses and arms, keep themselves ready for active service,
and receive pay during the time they were in active service.
They were not to leave the State, and were to guard the river
from Dearborn county to Posey.
Mr. Baker found it impossible to organize a regiment on
these terms, and he offered his resignation, but withdrew it
before it received consideration, as, meantime, a caU for cav
ahy regiments for the Umted States service was m-ade by the
War Department He recruited only in the river counties,
and united in himself, while organizing, and for some time
after the organization of the regiment, the offices of Colonel,
Quartermaster and Adjutant He so managed money affairs
that untU the 23d of August his expenses were but five
thousand eight hundred doUars, littie more than half as much
as the expenses of any other cavalry regiment in the same
length of time.
The regiment consisted of fourteen companies, six of which
were recruited in Madison, under Lieutenant- Colonel Scott
Carter, and were early ordered to join the army of the Poto
mac. When the eight companies, which were organized by
Colonel Baker in EvansviUe, were ordered, in accordance with
a request of General Fremont for six thousand cavalry, to
join the army of the Mississippi, they had no uniforms, nor

TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 161
saddles, nor bridles, nor carbines, nor sabres. Colonel Baker^
however, obeyed without hesitation.
He arrived in St. Louis August 23d, and was met by aU
the loyal people of the city, who turned out with acclama
tions to receive the Indiana cavalry. Fortunately for the
dignity of our State, night threw her friendly mantle over the
unsoldierly appearing tioops. The clatter of the horses' hoofs,
the cheers of the horsemen, suggested to the excited imagina
tions of the welcoming crowd a tiain of splendidly equipped
cavaliers. Governor Morton succeeded in getting clothing to Colonel
Baker by the 10th of September, and two days later sabres
and other equipments sufficient for one battaUon. But the
carbines, though of two kinds, were wretched. No holsters
could be found. Cases for pistols were indispensable, but
Colonel Baker found, after making every effort to procure
them, that there were absolutely none in St. Louis. Driven
to the exercise of his ingenuity he went to several saddlers,
and dhected the preparation of leather stiaps with eyelet holes,
through which stoings could be laced. These stiaps, fastened
to the saddles, served a long time for holsters.
The Twenty-Fifth was made up of men. Here and there
a boy of eighteen had found his way into the ranks, but nearly
aU the thousand and forty-six soldiers of the Twenty-Fifth
were hardy and experienced, of mature years, and having
famiUes and farms ; and the youngest were ready to prove, and
did afterwards prove, on march and in battle, thefr equal
claims to manhood. Colonel Veatch was a prominent lawyer
in Spencer county, and also a man of experience and activity.
There was heavy grief in many a farm-house near New-
burg and Medora, and the many small towns which are little
more than post offices in the southern part of the State, when
the regiment in Evansville drew its members into camp ; and
heavier .grief still when, on the 26th of August, the regiment
departed to St Louis. Not only famUies and social-cfrcles,
but the pubUc, the schools, the Sunday schools, lost their most
useful and beloved members. The poor children of the Mis
sion Sunday School in EvansvUle, gave up thefr superinten-

162 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
dent -with the touching sorrow of childhood, to which parting
seems death.
The Twenty-Fifth went into camp beside the Twenty-
Second, south of the Fafr Grounds of St Louis.
The Twenty- Sixth regiment reached St Louis the 7th of
September. Its Colonel was WiUiam M. Wheatiey, who
left a lucrative business and a happy famUy cfrcle to serve his
country in the army. The regiment was of the best material,
and principally from the farms near Indianapolis.
" hi the three months' service the Eighth, both officers and
men, acqufred an enviable distinction during the campaign in
Western Vfrginia, especiaUy in the fight at Rich Mountain,
and this prestige seemed to be singularly weU sustained in
recruiting the regiment for the present service. Retaining the
same regimental organization entire, and, with few exceptions,
the same company officers, its ranks were completely filled in
the brief period of about thirty-three days, and much sooner
than any of the six three-months' regiments, exceptmg the
Eleventh. This was accomplished, too -without sending out
recruiting officers in advance of the expfration of the former
term of service; without the display of 'fuss and feathers' by
its officers, or the aid of outside influences, except as they
were freely tendered in evidence of the confidence reposed in
those who were to be m command of the men thus enlisted.
It was also significant that the regiment retained so large a
number of those who were in. its ranks in the three-months'
service. These facts of record teU thefr own tale."*
The Eighth left IndianapoUs the 10th of September, clothed
in the new pale blue uniform.
The Indiana tioops in St Louis were the subject of con
siderable attention. Before their arrival it had been prognos
ticated that they would not only be unruly in thefr camps,
> but would create disturbance throughout the city. It is found,
however, by reference to the St. Louis journals of that date
that the contiary was the case. The St Louis Democrat
says: "The exceUent order which has prevaUed among the
Ohio and Indiana tioops since thefr encampment, both at the
« Letter by Rev. A. W. Sanford, in Indianapolis Journal, of December
IL 1861.

OPINIONS OF STRANGERS. 163
fafr grounds and at Lafayette Park, is well worthy of men
tion. In aU the regiments we have not heard of a single
case of disturbance or disorderly conduct among the soldiers,
or improper action towards civilians. This is owing both to
the general manly disposition of the men, and to strict miU-
tary discipline."
And again, in an account of a visit to Camp LaFayette :
"Approaching the grounds we met the Indiana Twenty-
Fourth regiment, numbering one thousand and forty-six men,
led by Colonel Hovey, and just leaving the Park to encamp
at Carondolet, where water is more abundant, and where
there is room for regimental driUs, A large proportion of the
soldiers are very young men, who have fuU chests and full
cheeks, and joy and youth and stiength in them. They are
not outcasts, enUsting for money. The officers are young,
bright-faced feUows, and look fit to lead men who have health
and soul in them."
Again: " If an Indiana boy catches your eye he says, ' How
do you do, sfr?' very poHtely, and this gives you a good opin
ion of the whole regiment" *
* An employee at tho Union Depot, Indianapolis, says he always recognizes
an Indianian in the crowds which hourly come and go, by this friendly
custom.

164 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER XIV.
MOVING FORWARD.
General Fremont endeavored to have the new soldiers in
St Louis drUled and fitted for service without waiting for the
arrival of arms, and, that thefr time and stiength might be
reserved for the one purpose of acqufring military discipline,
he had aU digging, chopping and labor of every kind per
formed by hired hands. Barracks and encampments were
made as comfortable as the means aUowed, and aU unneces
sary expense was avoided. No care, however, could keep out
contagious diseases, and nearly every soldier in St. Louis had
the measles. This disease seemed to be a degree in the ser
vice following closely the mustering in.
The General Commanding was indefatigable in his own
exertions, rising with the ffrst stieak of dawn, and accom-
pUshing hours of labor before the most of the world had left
the breakfast table. He began to build gunboats and floating
batteries to fortify the city in order to make it a base of opera
tions ; to fortify also Ironton, RoUa and Jefferson City, and to
provide each with a garrison. His preparations, though
rapidly made, were on a gigantic scale, and the plan of his
campaign was equal in grandeur. As soon as Ms army was
equipped, he expected to sweep over the State, drive out or
capture all rebel forces, and, after estabUsMng peace in the
rear, to move down to New Orleans, reachmg the great South
ern city early in the spring of Sixty-two.
General Fremont began to send rfeinforcements to the out
posts shortly after the arrival of the new tioops in St Louis,
August 27. Colonel Davis was ordered to reUeve General
Grant of the command of all the forces between the Osage
and Missouri, rivers. The next day Colonel Davis removed
his regunent, the Twenty-Second, and, with it, the Eighteenth,

IN THE NICK OP TIME. 165
from St. Louis to Jefferson City, the principal point in Ms
district. He began at once to fortify the place, and to dis
pose his forces — about fifteen thousand m number — ^for its
defence. The Twenty-Second and Eighteenth went into
camp on the river bank, above the city, and zealously im
proved the opportunity for instruction in drUl and discipline.
Here the ffrst picket duty in these two regiments was per
formed. About the 10th of September, a rumor having been re
ceived that BooneviUe had been captured by a small force of
Rebels, the Eighteenth, with a portion of the Twenty-Second,
leaving thefr baggage and thefr sick, which were already be
coming numerous, went by the Pacific railroad to Tipton,
and reached it a short time before dark. Great haste being
thought necessary, in Order, if possible, to surprise the
Rebels at Booneville, this force started at night on the
first march. Soon after dark a heavy rain began, which lasted
the entire night, malting the road, -Which was bad enough at
any time,, almost impassable for new soldiers. At one o'clock
they were glad to lie down in a wayside meadow, to sleep,
unconscious of the drenching rain. •
Many never recovered from the effects of this march, and
it was long remembered and talked about by the men, who
were then just beginmng to learn what a sacrifice they had
undertaken for thefr countiy.
On moving to BooneviUe the next day, they found that the
Rebels had been driven off by the home-guard, which had
fortified a hiU in the fair ground, near the river, and had held
it against all attacks of the enemy. The hUl was now occu
pied by the Sixth Iowa, which had arrived by the steamer
latan, and here the Eighteenth and Twenty-Second alsa
bivouacked after; thefr tfresome march.
General Fremont ordered Colonel Baker to send a battahon
to fronton on the very day the Colonel finished his pistol-
holders, and fastened them to the saddles of his first battahon.
Not an hour's delay was necessary. Colonel Baker was alsO'
ready when he was dfr acted to be off to the same point with
the remainder of Ms men. Thefr equipments, however,, were
12

166 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
something in the style of thefr holsters, and it was two years
before they received good arms.
The Eighth Indiana was ordered to Jefferson City the 14th
of September, only a day or two after its arrival in St Louis.
It was foUowed on the next day by the Twenty-Sixth.
August 31, General Fremont issued the foUo-wing General
Order:
"Headquarters op the Western Department,
St. Louis, August 31.
" Cfrcumstances in my judgment of sufficient urgency,
render it necessary that the Commanding General of this
Department should assume the administiative power of the
State, Its disorganized condition, the helplessness of the
civU authority, the total insecurity of Ufe, and the devastation
of property by bands of murderers and marauders who infest
nearly every county in the State, and avaU themselves of the
pubhc misfortunes and the vicinity of a hostUe force to gratify
private and neighborhood vengeance, and who find an enemy
wherever they find plunder, finally demand the severest meas
ures to repress the daUy increasing crimes and outiages wliich
are driving off the inhabitants and ruming the State, In this
condition, the public safety and the success of our arms re-
qufre miity of purpose, without let or hindrance to the prompt
administiation of affafrs.
" In order, therefore, to suppress disorders, to maintain, as
far as now practicable, the public peace, and to give security
and protection to the persons and property of loyal citizens,
I do hereby extend and declare established martial law
tMoughout the State of Missouri. The fines of the army
of occupation in this State are, for the present, declared to
extend from Leavenworth, by way of the posts of Jefferson
City, RoUa and Ironton, to Cape Gfrardeau on the Mssis-
sippi river. AU persons who shaU be taken -with arms in
thefr hands, within these Lines, shaU be tiled by court-martial,
and, if found gmlty, wUl be shot The property, real and
personal, of aU persons in the State of Missouri, who shall
take up arms against the United States, or shaU be directly
proven to have takon active part with thefr enemies in the

MORE HASTE THAN SPEED. 167
field, is declared to be confiscated to the pubhc use, and their
slaves, if awy they have, are hereby declared free men.
" All persons who shaU be proven to have destioyed, after
the pubUcation of this order, railroad tracks, bridges or tele
graphs, shaU suffer the extierae penalty of the law.
'¦All persons engaged in treasonable correspondence, in
giving or procuring aid to the enemies of the Umted States,
in disturbing the pubhc tranquillity by creating and cfrculating
false reports or incendiary documents, are in thefr own inter
est warned that they are exposing themselves,
" All persons who have been led away from thefr aUegiance
are requfred to return to their homes forthwith; any such ab
sence, -without sufficient cause, -will be held to be presumptive
evidence against them.
"The object of this declaration is to "place in the hands of
the mUitaryau^orities the power to give instantaneous effect
to -existing laws, and to supply such deficiencies as the con
ditions of war demand. But it is not intended to suspend
the orduiary tribuneds of the countiy, where the law wiU be
administered by the ci'vil officers ia the usual manner, and
with thefr customary authority, whUc the same can be peace
ably exercised.
" The Commanding Oeneral -will labor vigilantiy for the
pubhc welfare, and, in his efforts for thefr safety, hopes to
obtain not only the acquiescence, tout the active support of
the people of the coimtiy.
"J. C. Fremont,
" Major General Commanding,"
In tliis Order General Fremont violated aii act of Congress,
which hmited the penalty of confiscation to property actuaUy
employed in the rebellion, with the 'knowledge and consent
of its owners, and which, instead of icmancipating slaves thus
employed, left thefr status to be determined either by the courts
of the United States or by subsequent legislation. He was
probably led to the tiansgression by his disgust with the cow
ardice and tieachery of Missouri slaveholders, and his con
viction that they wouldnot. and could not be conquered wMle
the Government protected the dearestof aU thefr possessions;

168 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
by his fear of the slowness of the President, who had not yet
set do-wn the foot which, when once planted, was to be im
movable, and by his confidence in the taeit approval with
which ,his assertion " I wUl hazard everything for the defense
of the Department and I tiust to you. for support,'' was
received. The order enraged the Rebels of Missouri. General
Thompson immediately issued a proclamation, in which he
solemnly asserted that for every Southern soldier or citizen
executed, he would "hang, draw and quarter a mimon of
Lincoln;" that he would "exceed the excesses of Fremont,
and retaUate tenfold, so help Mm God! " He and other Rebel
leaders, without pubUcly proclaiming it,encour aged the opinion
that Missouri ought not to have either raifroador telegraphic
communication with the Free States. Raifroad tiacks were,
in consequence, frequently torn up. The 4th of September
a band of Rebel soldiers saturated -with turpentine the planks
of a bridge over the Platte river, ten mUes from St. Joseph,
and at night set it on fire. In an hour or two its destruction
was complete. The night was pitch darlc At midmght a
tiain contaimng nearly a hundred passengers plunged twenty
feet into the river. Such atrocities wUl men commit when
they are under the restiaint of neither law nor decency.
The offense, however, was not confined to Rebels. Loyal
Missourians, felt outiaged by the stringency of Fremont's
order. The two members of the Cabinet from Missouri were
loud and warm in their expressions of displeasure. Kentucky
was also indignant. Ohio, Indiana and Illinois stood aghast,
confounded by the boldness which so roughly handled the
sacred and dehcate institution of slavery. Even the good
President disapproved.
It was soon seen that, if not he, the members of Ms Cabi
net looked upon the Western General as a dangerous man.
A latent feeling of suspicion was roused in them. Perhaps
they recalled in those deep,restiess eyes, set so close together,
a something wMch had baffled thefr scrutiny, and interpreted
it ambition. The words "ambition," "dictator," "despot,"
•began to be wMspered about Men's minds -were unsettledw

THE STAFF AND BODY-GUARD. 169
Now that the great fact of rebeUion was proved, they -were
ready to doubt a deviation from any trodden path.
Fremont from this time worked under a cloud, and agauist
a current. In every quarter he met opposition. In every
dfrection his purposes were thwarted. He went on, however,
laying plans and preparing for their execution with an inde
pendence and vigor which were very near audacity. The for-
tificationsof St. Louis were continued on the same magnificent
scale. Five thousand laborers were employed, and in thirty
days the works were so far complete as to render the city safe
in the caje'of a .small force.
As General Fremont was almost the only mUitary man in
America who had a European reputation, he attracted
foreigners to his standard. These were generally men of
culture and force of character, and men who had stiuggled
and suffered for liberty in their own countiy. His life of
adventure, danger and toil had endeared him to the noble
American youth, and he gathered about him, in various
capacities, hosts of generous young men. He formed his
staff, it is said, with less reference to moral character than to
abihty. However that may be, two of Indiana's sons were
members of this singularly gifted staff, and Indiana claims
Hudson and Shanlts as good and tiue men. lUinois, also,
loves few names more than that of the warm-hearted and
righteous Lovejoy, who was one of the number.
To Zagonyi, a Hungarian exile of much mUitary expe
rience, permission was given to raise a cavalry company to
form the General's Body- Guard Applications for a place in
the Guard were received from almost every loyal State.
Numbers were refused, and the Guard was formed of only
three hundred, one hundred of whom were frOm Kentucky,
the others chiefly from Missouri, although among them were
Tepr.esentatives of other Western States.
Early in September, the Western Army numbered fifty-
five thousand six hundred and ninety-three men, and was
dispersed over the entire department — eleven thousand at
Fort Holt and Paducah, guarding St. Louis from an advance
up the river; ten thousand at Cafro and in its vicinity; five
thousand five hundred in Nortbern Missouri under General

179 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Pope ; nine thousand six hundred at Jefferson City under
Colonel Jeff. C. Davis, who was now Acting Brigadier-
General;, four thousand seven hundred at RoUa; tlirec
thousand at Ironton; two thousand twa hiandred ora the
frontier of Kansas under General Lane, and the remainder,
less than seven thousand, in St. Louis. At that time it -was
the opinion in the city that Fremont had there twenty
thousand men ; and only this opinion kept the city from the
Rebels. The District of Jefferson City included Lexington, at
which place was a part of Colonel Davis' force. Before
nearly every one of these points Rebel tioops were assem
bled in large numbers. Price's army,, especiaily formidable
in numbers, was swinging about with the- evident intention
of deaUng a heavy blow somewhere.
After the battle of Springfield,, Price and McCufiocli^ a
Rebel General of the fiercest stamp, who had united with
Price just before the battle, disagreed and separated, with
the loss to Price of more than half his army. But, in no
wise- discouraged, he recruited vigorously in the western
part of the State, and soon had a force ten thousand strong.
Fremont was aware of his movements in general, but
tiusted Mm to Davis, Lane and Pope, who could send parts
of their respective commands ta Lexington, or any other
point, in the centre and west, threatened with attack.
In the middle of September, the demands for tioops in
nearly every portion of the Department were urgent Gen
eral Robert Anderson, then commanding Kentucky, declared
that LouisviUe would be lost unless reinforcements were sent
to him immediately. General Grant, in command at Cairo-,
was equaUy pressing. Colonel MuUigan, who had just gone
to Lexington, with a CMcago frish battalion, to reinforce the
small body of troops there, represented Ms danger to be
extreme and imminent. At the same time. General ScOtt,
who seemed to repent his late generosity, gave peremptory
orders to General Fremont to send five thousand weU-armed
infantiy, vs^ithout delay, to Washington.
General Fremont immediately started two regiments from
Cafro to Washington, and prepared to send the tMee otheis

SURRENDER OP LEXINGTON. 171
requfred. For this purpose, he sent down to Carondelet,
and ordered the Twenty-Fourth Indiana regiment, one of
the only two full regiments he had in St. Louis or its vicin
ity, to proceed to Washington ; but the officers of the regi
ment came up to his office and urged him to aUow them to
remain in Missouri. He then changed the order, and
dfrected Colonel Hovey to move to Jefferson City.
The same day, the fourteenth of September, in which
General Fremont received so many demands for troops, he
sent urgent dispatches to the Governors of Indiana and Ohio
for help. Governor Morton replied: "We have received
orders to send all avaUable forces to Washington." The
Governor of Ohio answered to the same effect.
Also, on the same day, Fremont telegraphed to Colonel Davis
to send two regiments to Lexington, and to move promptly ;
to General Sturgis, from Pope's command, to go there him
self with his entire force ; to General Lane to co-operate with
Sturgis. Two days later. General Pope telegraphed to the
Commanding General that two regiments of infantiy, four
pieces of artUlery, and one hundred and fifty cavahy would
arrive in Lexington by the day foUowing, reinforcements
amounting to five thousand.
WhUe Fremont was endeavoring to comply with the
various demands, Price was marching stiaight toward Lex
ington. As early as the eleventh of the month, he drew up
before Mulligan's command of not quite three thousand
soldiers, with harely forty rounds of ammunition and eight
small guns. It was posted on a hUl north-east of the town,
and surrounded by substantial earth-works. MuUigan was
confident of bemg able to hold the position untU the arrival
of reinforcements. He did not even haul the ferryboats, by
which he might have escaped, Out of the reach of the Rebels.
His expectations were disappointed. Reinforcements did
not come. The Rebels destioyed the boats. On the twen
tieth, having been several days surrounded, deprived of
water, suffering from a hmited allowance of rations, and
from the stench of horses which had been IdUed -witMn the
entienchments by Rebel cannon, the Union force in Lexing
ton surrendered.

172 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
On that day several bodies of reinforcements were almost
within caU. Colonel Davis sent from Jefferson City, on
steamers, the Twenty-Sixth Indiana, with a portion of the
Twenty- Second. At BoOnevUle, Colonel Wheatiey was
joined by the Eighteenth, under Lieutenant-Colonel Wash
burn, and by the portion of the Twenty-Second which v,ras
there. In four steamers the force then proceeded up the
river, and arrived on the night of the nineteenth near the
town of Glasgow, where it was supposed the Rebels had
planted a battery. The boats landed on the north side of
the river at short distances from each other. The Twenty-
Sixth ffrst effected a landing. Colonel Wheatiey immediately
led it into a wood, which was near the shore, and stationed
pickets. Shortly after, the regular tiamp of soldiers marching
was heard. The gleam of arms in the frioonlight revealed
troops moving along a road which ran between the woods
and a corn-field. The sentinels gave the alarm and fured.
The ffre was returned, A spirited musketiy engagement
ensued, and lasted untU the approaching party, wMch was
no other than a reconnoitiing force from the Twenty-Second
and Eighteenth, under Major Tanner, turned and retieated
slowly toward the river, carrying the leader, who was
mortally wounded, and the hfeless bodies of several comrades.
By tMs mistake the three regiments lost thfrteen men.
The Twenty-Second and Eighteenth had been ordered by
Colonel Davis to accompany the Twenty-Sixth to Glasgow,
and return from that point. Accordingly, on the mornmg
of the twentieth. Colonel Hendricks went back to Boone
ville, sending the wounded in the unfortunate engagement
of the night before on to Jefferson City. Here, after eleven
days of great suffering. Major Tanner died. His eariy death
cut short a miUtary career which the vivacity, dash and force
of his character promised to render distinguished and
honorable. The Eighteenth, unwilling to leave the Twenty-Sixth to
advance alone, went eight miles above Glasgow, But after
a consultation with Colonel Wheatiey, Lieutenant-Colonel
Washburn, who was in command, decided that it was his
duty to return. Capturuig the steamer SunsMne. which had

FAILURE OF REINFORCEMENTS, 173
just carried a Rebel force to General Price, he went bade
¦ttdth it to BooneviUe.
Colonel Wheatiey went on alone. At dark he reached
Bruns-wick, where he learned that Mulligan had surrendered
a few hours before. Accordingly, he too went down the
river. General Sturgis, from Pope's command, reached the north
bank of the Missouri before the surrender, but learning that
the ferry-boats had been destroyed, and that it was impossible
for him to cross the river, he retired. Troops from Lane also
arrived near the ground.
Still another force was too late. It consisted of farmers,
laborers and mechanics from the high prafries of the north
west corner of the State, and numbered some two or three
thousand. These volunteers trudged along without uniform
or uniformity, without drums and fifes, without flags, without
officers, but with a sturdy determination to free the cooped-up
frishman in Lexington from Price's "Border- Ruffians." To
thefr subsequent bitter grief, they were turned back by the
reports they everywhere met, of the immense stiength of the
Union force. With the return of these generous country-
people, ended all possibiUty of relief or escape to the Ul-fated
MuUigan.

174 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.

CHAPTER XV.
FREMONT'S PURSUIT OF PRICE.
"The noble Brutus
Hath told you, Caesar was ambitious.
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answered it."
The surrender of MuUigan was a severe and unexpected
blow to General Fremont. He hastened to retrieve the loss.
With everything which he could control progressing accord
ing to his wishes — all the raUroads of the State running every
mile of thefr length, and to thefr full capacity; his garrisons
in good hands; reinforcements stUl coming in to the defense
of his Department; the gunboats on the Mississippi rapidly
approaching completion; the fortffications of St. Louis pro
gressing — he moved forward on the 27th of September to take
the field. Two days later he went into camp in Jefferson
City. Before the arrival of General Fremont, Colonel Davis had
begun to move his forces along the Pacific raifroad towards
the West. The Twenty-Fourth Indiana, scarcely aUowed to
stop in Jefferson City, was the first to pass over the road,
which had been so long unused that it was overgrown with
weeds. Forty-eight hours were spent on a raUroad journey
of one hundred and twenty-five mUes, the men being forced
to push the engine before them a great part of the way. They
encamped near Syracuse, and remained there untU requfred
to guard a party of pioneers who were repafring the road, and
rebuUding the La Mine bridge, burned by Price. After the
bridge was buUt, the Twenty- Fourth went on to Georgetown,
and the Twenty- Second, Eighth, Eighteenth, Twenty-Fifth
and Twenty-SLxth and Frybarger's battery foUowed. Duruig
the next two or tMee weeks ahnost an army of Indiana sol-

PRAIRIE SCOUTS. 175
diers was encamped in and around Georgetown, Sedalia and
Syracuse, small towns near the terminus of the road.
General Fremont hoped to find Price in the center of the
State, which was the great slave-holding portion. But the
wary Rebel retrea.ted towards the southwest, leaving in Lex
ington only a small guard. Having few guns, little baggage
and much cavalry, and living on the country, he moved rap
idly, and reached the Osage without obstiuction. His in
fantry crossed in boats, and his cavalry swam their horses,
and feeling secure for a time, he rested or moved leisurely,
as suited his convenience. Yet he did not neglect to keep a
sharp lookout for danger, as his force grew daily smaller from
desertions, and from the .expiration of terms of service, and
his prospect of success, should he be forced to fight, lessened
in proportion.
After gathering in the vicinity of Jefferson City, and con
solidating into one army aU the troops north of the Missouri,
General Fremont started in pursuit of Price, moving along
the line of the railroad towards Tipton.
A band of Prairie Scouts, one hundred and fifty in num
ber, under Major White, who scoured the country in advance
of the Union army, and in every direction, discovered that
Price's rear-guard still held Lexington, and lost no time in
moving towards the place. They were in no condition to
make an attack. Their horses were all unshod, and their
ammunition had been destroyed by rain. But they had the
skUl and readiness which redeem deficiencies. Blacksmiths
from the ranks took two unoccupied shops, and with a few
shoes and some old iron, shod two hundred and thirty-two
horses and mules. With lead and powder, and with two
little bullet-moulds, which they had with them, they went to
a carpenter's shop and made two thousand cartiidges. Thus
prepared, they gaUoped towards the town. The rebel guard
fled without striking a blow, and Major White and his men
peacebly entered.
At Tipton General Fremont delayed several days to finish,
as far as possible, the organization and equipment of his
army, before venturing farther into the enemy's countiy.
While he was there. General Cameron, Secretary of War,

176 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
and Adjutant General Thomas came to examine into the
state of affafrs, and to bring an order relieving him of his
command. They were to present the order, or not, accord
ing to their own judgment.
They were but lately from heated Cabinet discussions of
General Fremont's offending proclamation; and they had
just witnessed a review of the grand Army of the Potomac,
a magnificent body of men, thoroughly drilled, armed and
equipped, encamped in an old and friendly country, -with
smooth, open, dry roads about them, bright, clear skies above
them, abundant tiansportation, ready means for obtaining all
necessary comforts, good hospitals, and excellent surgical
department. The Western Army -was in sad and striking contrast The
¦;-v-eather was dark and dreary. Rain fell daily in torrents.
The grass was beaten down, and the melancholy, boundless
prairie was a sea of black mud. In the direct route lay the
broad, deep andunbridged Osage. Fremont's infantry, though
generally well armed, was poorly provided -with blankets. His
cavalry was badly armed. Two or three regiments had no
sabres. Several companies carried lances, in lack of some
thing less unwieldy. He had comparatively few wagons, no
ambulances, and no surgical conveniences.
To the city gentlemen the prospect was deplorable ; and
they departed, to predict that the army never would move
from Tipton, except as it moved baekwEirds, and stUl farther
to harass and perplex the commander, to whom, however,
they had said nothing of the power they had in thefr hands
to dismiss him from his position.
The day after the departure of General Cameron and Gen
eral Thomas, Fremont's army was on the move. It was ar
ranged in five divisions, under Generals Hunter, Pope, Sigel,
McKinstiy and Asboth, and numbered about thirty thousand,
including over five thousand cavafry, and eighty-six pieces
of artUlery, a large proportion of which were rifled.
Far in advance went Sigel's division, which took the short
est route. With ox-teams, with horses, oxen and mules
hitched together, -with army wagons and hay wagons, buggies,
barouches, and carts, and with no food but fresh beef and

MARCHING ON. 177
what else they could get from the country. General Sigel car
ried his men forward. Fremont, on a black horse, with his
body-guard, three hundred beautiful youth, aU of nearly the
same hight, dressed, in unadorned, dark blue uniforms, and
mounted on fine bay horses, rode at the head of the main
army. Sharp-shooters protected the ti-ain. AU things seemed
auspicious. The sky, so lately wet and lowering, was blue
and bright. The autumn sun lighted up the crimson and
gold of the forests, and the shadows of chasing clouds skimmed
fleetly over the long grass of the prairie. The army — cav
alry, infantiy, artiUery, wagon trains — stretched along as far
as the eye could reach, and, under smiling heavens, made a
beautiful and wonderful picture.
The troops were full of hope. On the prafrie farms the
finest cattle were raised, and could easUy be secured. All
along the route the forage was in the right state. Corn was
getting ripe and hard. Mills were not scarce, and grain could
easily be ground. The Sanitary Committee in St, Louis
was laboring assiduously for the improvement of the surgical
department. Sabres and guns were expected every day. The
General had the soldiers drink strong coffee every morning at
daylight to warm them up and keep off the ague. What the
men lacked to strengthen or to comfort them they expected
to receive, or were wilUng to do without. They were ready
to make every sacrifice for success. They felt nothing a
sacrifice. The daily march began at three or four o'clock, but " We
never saw the time," wrote a young soldier of the Twenty-
Fifth, "when we were too tired, or when our throats were too
dusty, to cheer ' Hail Columbia,' or ' Yankee Doodle.' "*
" General Fremont inspired the utmost confidence. His
soldiers loved him, and his Officers would have died for him.
Everything was impressed with activity, and everything moved
with a system which bespoke the master-mind eontioUing all.
There was no hurry, but dUigence— no rush, but method."!
The Indiana Eighth, Eighteenth and Twenty-Second were
* Ross Jones from Medora.
t Letter of Colonel Hudsoa in Indianapolis Journal.

178 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
brigaded together, under Colonel Davis, and were in General
Pope's division. The Twenty-Fourth, Twenty-Fifth and
Twenty-Sixth were in General Hunter's division. The bat
teries, like the regiments, were separated.
Lane and Sturgis were to come from Kansas, and Wyman
from RoUa, and join Fremont on or south of the Osage.
The commanders at Paducah, Cairo, Bird's Point, Cape
Girardeau and Ironton were dfrected to engage the hostile
forces in their front, as soon as Price should be caught, and
to pursue them if they should retreat
General Fremont was expected, after defeating Price, to go
to Bird's Point or to Little Rock, Arkansas, as circumstances
at the time should seem to direct. If he should go to Little
Rock, the position of the enemy on the Mississippi would be
completely turned. He would be forced to retreat or to sur
render, and the gunboats, now in preparation, could descend
the river to assist in the attack on Memphis, and afterwards
in the attack on New Orleans. The present expedition was
thus a part of a combined and extended movement.
General Price stopped at Osceola, as if to await the Union
army. He paused again at Stockton, a little town, which
was originaUy called Fremont by some Missouri admirers of
the Pathfinder's early career. At Neosho he united with Gen
eral McCuUoch, who was there with five thousand Arkansas
Rebels. Governor Jackson was also there, with forty-five
members of the Legislature. These, assuming the authority
of a perfect Legislature, ostentatiously passed an Ordinance
of Secession, and took Missouri, by an affectation of legal
forms, out of the Union and into the Confederacy. From
Neosho General Price went to PinevUle, in the extreme south
west corner of the State, and, fearing that the Missourians,
who had enlisted with the provision that they were not to
fight out of thefr own State, would consider themselves re
leased from the service if he crossed the line into Arkansas,
he determined here to await a battle.
The main body of the Union army was greatly delayed by
lack of transportation, and was not able to reach the banks
of the Osage until the 17th of October. General Sigel was
there, with nearly half his men afready transported by means

CAMERON AND THOMAS FALSE PROPHETS. 179
of boats to the south side. General Fremont had been as
sured by professed Union men, aU along the latter part of the
route, of the impracticabihty of bridging the Osage; but he
was convinced by an examination of ten minutes that there
was no insuperable difficulty. Quartering on the enemy in
that stage of the war, when everywhere there was an extreme
anxiety lest somebody, or somebody's feehngs, should be hurt,
was a very bold thing, nevertheless General Fremont quar
tered his officers in the adjacent town of Warsaw, which was
a nest of traitors.
The banlts of the Osage are bare, rocky cUffs rising per
pendicularly a hundred feet from the water's edge. The river
is broad and s-wift, and liable to be changed, by a night's rain,
into a torrent. The skiU of the most efficient engineers, and
the labor of the most wUling workmen would soon have con
quered the obstacle, aided by tools. But these fingers of civ-
Uization were not at once forthcoming. One of General
Fremont's aids in a private letter, which was pubUshed a year
or two later, says: "Armed with the Provost Marshal's pass
I had to go into every store, question and cross-question the
Secesh owners, -who ' didn't care to sell, and didn't know what
they'd got,' root and ransack in every corner, trip -and stumble
through every ceUar, over barrels and kegs, untU, finally, for
my pains, I scraped together a few augurs, one or two sledges,
and a half dozen chisels. To get spilics I went to a large
forge with four ffres, where about fifty horses were waiting,
and being shod; and to the infinite disgust of the various
regunents whose horses were there, to the surprise of all the
smiths, and -with some explanation to thefr independent
Western minds that the General's orders must pass over all
others, I seized the ffres and set the men all at hammering
out my spikes. The iron I had to find, hlie the tools, in
warehouse, cellar, barn or store."
Ropes, teams and drivers were also impressed when refused
by thefr secession owners.
On the north side of the river empty log houses and stables
were puUed.down to furnish timber. On the south side the
busy ax took from a convement forest its tiibute. On both
sides hundreds of workmen screamed and bawled at thefr

ISO THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
oxen and mules, chopped and hauled and sawed. The steady
crealdng, rattUng, sa-wing and vociferation were now and then
drowned by long and loud shouts of triumph as a trestle was
successfully laid. Labor extended far into every night, untU,
on the fifth day, the bridge was finished.
General Sigel's division was afready over. General As-
both's, which came next, was scarcely delayed. General Pope
arrived just as Asboth's division crossed, and represented that
McKinstry and Hunter were yet waiting at Tipton for wagons.
The commissary stores were also stiU at Tipton, for want of
tiansportation. General Fremont sent back a long tram of
wagons -with camp-beds and aU superfluous baggage.
On leaving the Osage, the whole army was reduced to
beef and salt for food, and to stiaw, or leaves, or corn-stalks,
or stones for beds, but it continued its march -with fresh vigor,
convinced that the Rebel army would soon be out of the
State with or without a battle, and that the work of estab
lishing Union and peace in Missouri was on the point of
being accompUshed.
The General kept Ms headquarters -with the extieme ad
vance, riding almost without attendance, and in Ms manner
showing an enjoyment and an eagerness to which he had
hitherto been a stranger.
A day or two after the crossing, at the earnest entieaty of
Major Zagonyi, who says, he remarked to the General with
respect, that if he could not succeed in getting an order he
would run away in the mght. General Fremont sent one hun
dred and fifty of the Guards forward to unite with one hun
dred and eighty Prafrie Scouts, the boldest of the bold, who
were afready reconnoitring in the advance, and to drive from
Springfield, forty-eight mUes distant, three or four hundred
Rebels who were reported to be there.
The road was smooth, the sky was clear, and Major Zago-
nyi's tMee hundred and tliirty men tiotted along briskly and
merrUy. But Zagonyi found, as they approached Springfield,
that he had been misinformed, the Rebel tioops were at least
two thousand, a large number having arrived the day before
on theirway torefriforce Price. General Fremont had dfrected
Mm not to be rash. General Sigel had sent a note after Mm

"FREMONT AND THE UNION 1" 181
with advice to the same effect, and urging him lo make no
attack until the main army was near, but promising at the
same time to send forward his own cavalry, which consisted
of but one or two saberless companies. Accordingly Za
gonyi reported the number of the enemy to the guards,
stated the danger, and gave permission to any who chose to
turn back.
Seven days, with no food but saltiess mea;t, they had been
scouring the countiy for the foe. In the last seventeen hours
they had ridden fifty mUes. Here was the foe before them.
Since the day they enlisted, now six weeks, they had been
taunted, and jeered, and scoffed by newspaper -writers in
every part of the countiy as ornamental soldiers, holiday sol
diers, fit for show, unfit for fight. The hour for self-assertion,
for vindication had come. "Every eye," says Zagonyi, "was
a fist big." Faces were pale, and teeth were set, and hearts
beat high ; but no one among those proud youth turned his
horse's head.
It was thefr first battie, and their leader gave a few direc
tions. " Use only right cut and thrust. Never defend your
selves. Better make your enemy defend himself, and you go
in. Take for your battle-cry 'Fremont and the Union!' —
Charge ! "
Charge they did, with clatter and clang and shout, sparks
flying from the ffinty road, a fence laid low by s-wift hands
under a deadly fire, with comrades reefing and horses falling.
Like the roar of a tempest was the rebel fire, but it went
over their heads. Up the hiU, on whose crest a thousand foot^
on whose sides a thousand foot and five hundred horse were
posted, up the hiU they sped. They broke through the first
fine of horse and foot. The boldest Rebel Captains could
not form that line again. They broke through the second
line, and drove the enemy back into Springfield.
Not two hours after the first onset, a fierce, running fight
fiUed the sfreets of the town. Women stood in their garden,
gates and waved littie Union flags, which they had long kept
hidden. Sfreet by stieet, house by house, the fight went on^
The Guards lost their caps; they tore their clothes; their
13

182 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
horses were shot under them, but they utterly routed the
Rebels. The Prafrie Scouts, by some stiange mistake, were sepa
rated from Zagonyi just before the charge. They tiied to
foUow, and many were wounded in the effort; but they knew
not in which way to move, or where to strike. Zagonyi's
men, therefore made the charge alone.
The next day in the hospital fourteen of the Guards, stUl
clothed in thefr dark blue, lay side by side in narrow, rough,
planli coffins. One of the dead was John Morrison, an In
dianian. While Fremont stood looking at thefr young faces,
another was brought in who had been taken prisoner, and
had apparently been beaten to death -with muskets.
They were buried with miUtary honqirs. A procession of
Umon women, grateful and weepmg, waUied beside the tiain
to the grave. One of these mourners moved on crutches.
She had been wounded by guerrUlas, who, at the same time,
had kiUed her husband and her son.
The loss of the Guards was fifty-two kUled, wounded and
missing. More th-ari half the horses were lolled, and nearly
aU were wounded.
The day after Zagonyi's charge General Sigel entered
Springfield. He was received -with mingled smUes and tears
by men, women and chUdren, who rushed down to the road
sides. Once before a Union army had been here, and twice
Confederate armies had occupied the place. After the defeat
of General Lyon hundreds of citizens were obUged to fly
towards the North and East, or to seek hiding places among
the hiUs and the prafries around. But there were stiU enough
brave men in the town to hoist the American flag on the
court house two or three days before Zagonyi's dashing en
trance, though they had to fly for thefr lives on the mght in
which they accompUshed the deed.
DaUy maUs were re-estabUshed, and Sjirfrigfield was at once
put in connection with St Louis. General Fremont made
an agreement with General Price by which hostUities were to
be confined to regular armies in the field, and guerrUla parties
were to be suppressed.
After a Uttie rest General Sigel pressed on. The other

AJSTE-W COMMANDER. 183
dlvi^oris canw up rapidly. General AsbOtli catne in on the
30th. General Jim Lane, with his Kansas brigade, the 31st
About two hundred mounted and armed contrabands accom
panied Lane. Their appearance was approved by Fremont's
army, which, even before the obnoxious proclamation, ex
pressed without reserve the belief that slavery once abolished,
secession would be kiUed. Negroes thronged the camp, and
General Fremont never aUowed one to be returned One day
a slave appeared riding bare-backed a horse which he guided
fey a rope about the nose. He had traveled in this way eighty
mUes in eighteen hours.
General Pope's division began to come in the nigkt of No
vember 1st, having marched seventy mUes in two days. Gen
eral McKinstiy arrived the next day.
The condition of the army in point of comfort was not sat
isfactory. General Fremont had repeatedly enti-eated the
authorities for tiansportation^ but he never received means
to get even blankets enough for his men. The nights were
now frosty and chUl. Yet such inspfration was drawn from
the massing of the forces, from the nearness of the enemy,
from the fact that the army was further South than any army
in the Union, from the wonderful spfrit and success of Zago-
iiyi's ^charge, which was read as the harbinger of glorious
victory, and from the belief that aU was ready for the grand,
finishing blow to Missouri secession, that the men were strong
and well, eager, a;nimated and full of hope.
Just then, November 2d, an order came from General Scott
removing General Fremont from his command, and putting
in his place General Hunter, who had not yet reached Spring
field. A councU was immediately held, and, as it was offi-
ciaUy reported, by the Colonel at the head of the scouts that
the whole Rebel array was within eleven mUes, it was deter
mined to march out the next morning aad fight* But Gen
eral Hunter came up that night His command had marched
two days and nights without rest, and at da,ylight had waded
an ice-cold stream, nearly waist deep. Utterly worn out it
halted a few mUes above Springfield, whUe the General
hastened into the town,
* The report was incorrect. It was, he<w-ever, believed at th« ¦tame.

&

184 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
The next morMng before dayUght, that hiS^appeBTance
might not excite the indignation of the tioops, General Fre
mont in sUent anguish turned his back on the ardently sought
goal, the battle and the victory, which he beUeved just before
him. With his body-guard, and aU of his staff except Colonel
Lovejoy, Colonel Shanks and Colonel Hudson, he moved
rapidly towards St. Louis.
Major Zagonyi says : " Our band played its gayest music
as we foUowed our leader past the outside pickets round
Springfield, but to me it was lUce a funeral dirge. And it
was a funeral — there were buried the fruits of three months'
labor of the General — ^the aspfrationsof thousands of ambi
tious men who foUowed his standard, and gone, too, the hopes
of patriots that the war in Missoufri was ended."
" We met Fremont," -wrote a young privave in the Twenty-
Fifth, "before we entered Springfield, and presented arms.
He has gray hafr, a keen dark eye, and a bold, daring look,
lUce a true General, He rode by waving Ms cap. It was
enough to make the hafr stand on any tiue soldier's head to
see him leave the field in the midst of his work, just as be
was gomg to leap on the enemy, and for nothing but to an
swer charges which might be from some mean, plotting man."
A sharper tiial Fremont had yet to endure in his reception
at St. Louis. WhUe stung to the quick by the pubUc affront
that had been put upon liim, and wounded almost to the
death by the disappointment he had borne, he was softened
to weakness by the weeping sympathy and homage of a vast
multitude. He turned upon his flower-carpeted tMeshold to
speak his thanks. His words were few, broken and bitter.
Now, if never before, that noble heart failed. He uttered a
doubt of his countiy, a disti-ust of Repubhcan institutions.
One more thrust was given to the unhappy Western Com
mander before he was left to the inaction he abhorred. His
beloved Guards were tieated with singular indignity. Forage,
rations, pay and clothing were denied them, and at last, by
order of General McCleUan, they were dismissed the servicp.
All tMs because, when they heard the order for General Fre
mont's removal, some high-spfrited and hot-headed young men
had thoughtlessly expressed their indignation.

SPRINGFIELD ABANDONED. 1§5
At u later day President Lincoln interfered, and dfrected
that fuU payment should be made.
General Hunter, after Fremont's departiure, re-called Gen
eral Sigel, who was forty mUes in advance, and without waiting
for him, abandoned loyal Springfield, and left the frightened
and broken army of Price to recruit and return.
' The tioops, so wrote soldiers in the different Indiana regi
ments, were " sulky and crest-faUen to turn round and come
back without wMpping the old Serpent they had been so
long chasing."
But stern, old General Hunter made them march. They
were just half the time in returning to the line of the raifroad
that they had occupied in advancing from it to Springfield,
notwithstanding that they were incumbered on thefr return
by a long tiain of emigrants — ^weeping women and chUdrea
and -wretched men, whose homes were no longer safe.

186' "SSE. SOLMEE OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER XVI.
THE FIRST CAVALRY.
While General Fremont was in pursuit of General Price,
several little skfrmishes occurred in the southeastern part of
Missouri, and one quite important affair. At two in the
afternoon of the 20th of October, an infantry force and Col
onel Baker's cavalry started from Pilot Knob to make a night
attack on Fredericktown, where Gfeneral Jeff. Thompson was
with a large Rebel force. As usual with night marches, much
more time was consumed than had been anticipated. It was
eight before the Federal troops arrived, and then the town
was deserted. About eleven another force, sent by General
Grant from Cape Girardeau, to cut off General Thompson,
came up.
Eight colonels were now on the field, with about five thou
sand men. Some dispute as to precedence rose, and it was
only settled by a compromise between Colonel Carlin and
Colonel Plummer, -who had the best claims. Colonel CarUn
was to remain with one half in the town, and Colonel Plum
mer was to engage in the pursuit -with the other half of the
troops. The pursuers found one division of the enemy a mile from
the town, and put it to rout, after kUMng the commander,
Colonel Lowe. By the gleam of bayonets Captain Stewart,
one of Colonel Baker's officers, discovered another body of
troops, which was under General Thompson, and was far
along the road. Colonel Plummer ordered Colonel Baker
to send forward a battalion to charge upon them.
No sooner was the order understood than the two cavahy
Majors, Gavitt and Wood, fell into a warm altercation for
the honor of leading the charge. Colonel Baker inteprosed

REBELS BEATEN AT FREDERICKTOWN. 187
in favor of Major Gavitt, who at once dashed forward. But
as soon as the battalion was gone. Colonel Baker felt con
vinced that the movement was premature, and hastened to
foUow. He was just in time to see his men faU into an am
buscade, the Rebels having Md themselves beMnd a fence on
one side of .the road, and behind tiees on the other. Major
Gavitt and Captain Highman were shot at the moment
Colonel Baker gave Ms order to fall back. General Thomp
son immediately resumed his retieat It soon became a rout,
and his men were driven in wUd confusion twenty mUes,
when they were scattered in every direction.
The Indiana cavalry suffered no loss except in the two offi
cers, who feU at the ffrst fire. FalUng in the foremost ranks
of our country's defenders, thefr names are honored by their
death. Although there -was a respectable number of infantiy at
PUot Knob, Colonel Baker's was the only cavalry there. From
September untU February his men scoured a distiict extend
ing eighty mUes in every direction. They were constantly on
the alert, unresting, but also unwearied and uncomplaining.
The commanding officer forbade the sale or giving away of
hquor to soldiers anywhere within five miles of headquarters,
consequently his men were always sober and reUable.
The antipatMes and attachments of regiments are said to
be unaccountable. Between two which march days together,
or which lie side by side for weeks, there may exist a feeling
of indifference, but there is more likely to be a cordial hate
or a hearty love. A simple explanation may be tiaced to the
character and deportment of officers. WMle at PUot Knob
a warm attachment sprang up between the Twenty- Ffrst Ilh-
nois infariti-y and the Ffrst Indiana cavalry, and it continued
during the war. The commanding officers, the genial Colonel
Baker and the gentle, generous Colonel Alexander, loved each
other no less.
The regimental affection, on one occasion, displayed itself
ill such away as to cause the Indiana colonel not a little em
barrassment In the latter part of the -winter the cavafry was
sent from Pilot Knob to Reeve's Station, where, after a long

188 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
separation, it was j oined by Alexander's infantry. The latter
had a splendid band, and to show thefr pleasure in a reunion
they serenaded thefr old friends.
Colonel Baker's quartermaster, in the excess of his dehght
and gratitude, exclaimed, "Let's give them a salute!"
"O, no," said the Colonel, "we might alarm the troops on
the other side of the river."
His no, however, was so good humored, that it had no
force, and the quartermaster forthwith fired a rousing salute
with the tMee Uttie cannon in possession of the regiment.
As the sound died away Colonel Baker's anxious cars
heard the long roU beat on the other side of the river. Colonel
CarUn, as he had feared, was caUing his men to arms. In
less than a half hour one of Carlin's aids entered with a de
mand for the arrest of the officer who had ordered the salute,
"I am responsible," said Colonel Baker, deUvering his
sabre with no little chagrin. The aid received it with poUte
surprise. He had not expected to find so respectable an
offender. After the lapse of an hour or two he returned with
the sabre, and Colonel Baker was released from Ms Ifrst and
last arrest.
Late in the -winter the men folded their tents and went
into quarters. The Colonel took possession of a double log
cabin, which a vender of pies had lately vacated. One night
as he lay in his bunk reading, his candle on a camp-stool
beside him, he was disturbed by a knock at the door. He
opened the door, and a soldier standing there, asked him with
a drunken afr, if he kept pies for sale. An answer in the
negative seemed to offend the man, and he said, roughly:
" Stianger, you oughtn't to keep your fight burning way in
the night, making folks beUeve you have pies, when you
haven't. The old woman that used to seU pies here never
took a hungry feller in that bad! You mind your business,
stianger, and another time either blow out your candle or
have some pies."
Muttering angrily he turned away, but readily gave Ms
name as WiUiam N. Jackson when the Colonel asked it,
•wdth his regiment and company.

THE MIDNIGHT VISITOR. 189
As the reputation of being a pieman was not desirable to
an offifter who liked retirement. Colonel Baker searched the
muster-roU of the company designated, but he was not able
to find his visitor's name.

190 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.

CHAPTER XVII.
WINTER.
"The good soldier is he who nobly discharges his duty, and his musket,
regardless of kicks."
After a fatiguing and uninterrupted march of an entfre
week, General Hunter reached the Pacific raUroad. With
General Pope, he there awaited the orders of General HaUeck,
lately arrived at St. Louis to take command of the Western
Department. Generals Sturgis and Wyman, Sigel and As
both went on to St. Louis. Lane returned to Fort Scott in
Kansas. The Twenty-Fourth Indiana went into an encampment
near Tipton. The Eighth and Eighteenth encamped in Ot-
tervUle, but moved shortly to Syracuse. The Twenty-Fifth
encamped near OttervUle. The Twenty-Sixth near Sedaha.
None of these were permanent stations, and the regiments
were almost constantly changing thefr quarters. Late in
December the Twenty- Sixth had not been two weeks in one
place since it left Indianapolis. A force, however, always
remained in charge of LaMine bridge. The Twenty-Second
for several weeks did little but march from Syracuse to Otter
vUle, and from OtterviUe back to Syracuse. The road ac
qufred the name of "the old beat."
"Very ingenious devices were resorted to for warmth and
comfort in the canvass dweUings. Some excavated the entire
space witMn thefr tents, about eighteen inches deep, then dug
a sort of furnace on one side, communicating -with a sod,
mud or stick chimney on the outside, which, when properly
constructed, worked admfrably. Others contented themselves
with simply sinldng a fire-place and flue at the side of the
tent with a simUar outside arrangement."*
*A. M. Sandford.

SUFFERING. 191
After the laborious march from Springfield there was much
sickness among the men. Beside the Ulness incident to ex
posure and fatigue, the measles came back, and attacked with
virulence all who had escaped in St Louis, During the latter
part of the returning march every regiment was followed by
a long tiain of wagons, loaded with sick. The Eighth regi
ment alone hauled in its rear one hundred and forty who were
afflicted -with measles. At that early period of the war
little was known to the soldier of the means necessary to
preserve health in camp; the facilities of the medical depart
ment were stiU few; and many who had been used to the
comforts of happy homes yielded up thefr lives for thefr coun
tiy in Missouri hospitals before they had tiodden a single
battle-field. Often then in the cold tent, or the rough hospital, as often
afterwards on the hungry march, the soldier recaUed the grasp
of friendly hands, the kind faces and the pleasant gifts of
the countiy visitors in " old Camp Knox" or Camp Jefferson.
The remembrance of the great amount of sickness in the fall
and winter of 'Sixty-one in the encampments along the Pacific
raifroad, still saddens the veteran soldier long used to privation
and suffering.
After the withdrawal of the army to the line of the rail
road, guerrillas again infested almost every part of the State
of Missouri, or " Misery," as our soldiers hked to call it. Again
Union men were hunted Uke wUd beasts, Jeff, Thompson
agam advanced up the western bank of the Mississippi.
Rice returned to Springfield. McCuUoch moved up out of
Arkansas. Incendiaries burned Warsaw to prevent its being
occupied by Union tioops.
The first man of the Eighteenth who lost Ms life by the
enemy was private James Fox. He had been left sick in the
hospital at Syracuse, and having recovered enough to walk
about, was shot tMough the head by a guerrUla whUe gath
ering nuts near the hospital.
General'Pope, who was assigned to the command of all
the forces in Central Missouri, received inteUigence from his
scouts, about the ffrst of December, that Price was moving
from Springfield towards Osceola, and that recruits and sup-

192 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
pUes were moving down from the northern part of the State
towards General Price.
He made arrangements to intercept and capture recruits
and supplies.
About nine o'clock on the night of Stmday, the 15th of
December, Colonel Davis, with the Eighth, Eighteenth and
Twenty- Second Indiana, and Frybarger's Indiana battery,
and with a smaU force of Iowa and Missouri cavafry, left
OttervUle. Reaching SedaUa the nextmorning, he was joined
by an equal number of tioops, among wMch were the Twenty-
Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Indiana, under Colonel Steele.
The -whole force was about four thousand, General Pope com
manding in person.
The object of the movement was to get between Price's
army, on the Osage, and the recruits, escorts and supplies on
thefr way south from the Missouri river. The troops'encamped
the ffrst evening fifteen mUes west of SedaUa, in the woods,
and slept without other covering than what they carried on
their shoulders and saddles ; but with hundreds of camp fires
gleaming bright and warm tMough the frosty night To de
ceive the enemy (nearly aU the citizens of the region belonged
to the enemy,) as to the destination of the expedition, it was
given out that Warsaw was the pomt aimed at, and the force
pursued the road towards that place several miles beyond
Sedalia. On the 17th the troops were caUed at tMee in the morning,
and marched seventeen miles before noon. WMle Davis'
men were resting, and eatmg thefr dinner of crackers and
cold meat, they were called to " attention,'^ and informed by
thefr commander, in a short address, that the Rebels were in
large force thfrteen miles in advance, and were endeavormg
to escape ; that to intercept them would requfre a hard and
hurried march added to the afready tfresome tiamp of the
morning, and would insure a fight, but that a fight would
give certain victory. A long and loud shout was the soldiers'
reply, and officers and men, who, a moment before, could
scarcely drag one tired foot after the other, started off with
fresh stiength. After nine more mUes it was discovered that
report had deceived them. They encamped in an old field

STRATEGEM OF COLONEL HOVEY. 193
on the prafrie, and slept on thefr arms, burning thousands of
raUs to keep themselves comfortable. The position was be
tween the direct road from Warrensburg and Clinton, and
the road by Chilhouwee, the latter being the route usuaUy
taken by returning soldiers and recruits.
Shortly after sunset the advance captured the enemy's
pickets at ChUhouwee, and learned that he was encamped in
force (about two thousand two hundred) six mUes north of
that town. After resting a few hours. General Pope threw
forward ten companies of cavalry and a section of artUlery
in pursuit, and foUowed with his whole force, posting the
main body between Warrensburg and Rose HiU, to support
the pursuing column. The cavalry continued the pm-suit aU
night and part of the next day.
The enemy began to scatter as the pifrsuit grew close,
disappearing in bushes and by-paths, driving the wagons
into farm-yards off the road, and throwing out the supplies.
When the pursuing force reached Johnstown, the enemy, re
duced to about five hundred, scattered completely.
Sixteen -wagons, loaded with tents and supplies, and one
hundred and fifty prisoners were captured.
On the morning of the 18th three hundred men, detached
equally from the Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Indiana
and the Fifteenth lUinois, were snugly stowed away in about
forty wagons, and ordered to keep as stiU as possible. The
covers of these wagons were drawn down. Colonel Hovey
and Lieutenant Colonel Gerber, mounted on mules, took the
place of wagon-masters, and the train set forth on a foraging
expedition. After a few mUes the attractive line of wagons, as had been
expected, caught the attention of a smaU force of Rebels, but
when, as the latter approached, armed men came swarming
out to meet them, they turned and fled tMough bush and
brush. Nearly aU effected thefr escape. The Colonel, how
ever, succeeded in burmng a large mUl, used by them, and
belonging to a noted Secessionist, and in getting several hun
dred bushels of meal.
The cavalry rejoined the main body, and General Pope
contmued to move slowly towards Warrensburg. Scouts

194 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
reported that a large force coming from Waverly and Arrow
Rock would encamp that night at the mouth of Clear creek.
General Pope immediately divided Ms cavafry into two
bodies, sending it out to flank the enemy right and left, and
placed his main force so that it must intercept the dfrect
march south,
Colonel Davis, with a portion of the cavalry, came upon
the enemy late in the day, on the west side of the Black-
water, opposite the mouth of Clear creek. The Blackwater
is a deep, mfry stieam, and is spanned by a long, narrow
bridge. The bridge was carried by assault, and the Rebels
surrendered. General Pope, gathering up his scouting pajrties, with pris
oners and suppUes, the weU-earned reward of the expedition,
returned to camp, wMch he reached on Sunday, just a week
after he left.
The weather turned bitterly cold, and the return march was
attended with suffering, especiaUy on the part of the cavahy.
The thermometer averaged below zero during the march, and
about six inches of snow lay on the ground. Many had feet
and ears frozen.
The Twenty-Second made no stay in Sedalia, but pro
ceeded to OtterviUe, -twenty mUes, tMough a heavy snow.
The wagons were overturned on the way, and the men were
obUged to choose between sleep in the snow and exercise to
keep themselves awake and aUve. They chose the exercise,
and the morning found them weU suppUed -with chickens and
stands of honey.
Even such of the tioops as succeeded in getting into their
encampments suffered from the cold of this terrible night
The following passage from General Pope's report sums
up the character and result of the expedition:
" Within seven days the infantiy composing this expedition
have marched one hundred mUes,the cavalry more than double
that distance — have swept the whole countiy of the enemy
west of SedaUa, as far as Rose HiU, to a fine within fifteen
mUes of the Osage — have captured nearly fifteen hundred
prisoners, twelve hundred stand of arms, nearly one himdred

PATIENT IN PRIVATION, I95
wagons, and a large quantity of supplies. The march alone
would do credit to old soldiers."
A more accurate calculation of the prisoners reduced the
number to thirteen hundred. Another result of the expedi
tion was to drive General Price back towards the southern
part of the State.
The prisoners were sent to St Louis under the care of the
Twenty-Fifth Indiana. Captors and captured seemed to
enjoy the tiip with equal good humor.
The tioops commenced buUding winter quarters before the
Warrensburg expedition, buton thefr return they were ordered
not to resume the work, as Sibley tents would soon be received,
and would be warm enough for a Missouri winter. Only a
partial supply, however, of the boasted tents arrived, and these
did not answer the general expectation. The winter -was ex-
fremely cold, the mercury being frequently below zero. Frozen
fingers and feet sometiines resulted from the performance of
ordinary duties. The warming apparatus, whatever it was,
whether stoves or the contiivance afready described, requfred
space, and the men, especially if aU the occupants of a tent
were -within it, could seldom stand or even sit upright. They
spent the coldest days crouched under thefr bent canvass roofs,
and sMvered during the long nights, sometimes with the actual
fear of freezing before them. Many placed their camp kettles,
fiUed with live coals, in thefr tents at night, but they frequently
suffered from the generation of carbonic acid gas. Allen
Schultz, a private in the Eighth, was suffocated by this
means. The men had no lack of employment during these -winter
days. They tMew up an embankment, enclosing five or six
acres, on a MU commanding the new bridge over the LaMine ;
they did an immense amount of work on the wagon roads in
the vicuiity of OttervUle; they procured forage at long dis
tances from camp, and in addition performed the detaUs ne
cessary for grand, provost and brigade guards.
They performed thefr labor and endured their discomforts
with patience and cheerfulness. They were convinced that
Governor Morton did aU that man could do to provide them -with
necessaries. They were remembered by thefr friends at home,

196 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
who often sent them tokens of affection in the form of boxes
of warm clothing. They expected to endure hardships when
they enUsted. PubUshed and private letters both show the
manly patience of our soldiers on the La Mine.
Some energetic young men found time and means ts con
tinue the studies the war had interrupted. Arithmetic, geol
ogy or French engaged many of the few leisure hours.
The 7th of February the Twenty-Fourth left the encamp
ment near Otterv'Ule, and started to Jefferson City, which it
reached on the 10th, after a terrible march through cutting
prairie cold. It endured without shelter three more days of
snow and cold, then it was moved into the State House. The
capitol, which of late years had protected the worst traitors
in the State, now did good and redeeming service in warming
up the half-frozen patiiots. Two days later the Twenty-
Fourth was removed to St. Louis, taMng a final fareweU by
this removal of the scenes of its first mUitary experience.

SPRINGFIELD AGAIN. 197

CHAPTER XVIII.
PURSUIT OP GENERAL PRICE.— BATTLE OF PEA RIDGE.— ON THE
MARCH AGAIN.
In wasting march, in bloody fight,
AU in loTe, yet half in fear,
We pray from morning until night
That God will save our volunteer. — M. C. Ames.
January 24th, 1862, Colonel Davis succeeded to the com
mand of the division, General Pope having been tiansferred
to the scene of operations on the Mississippi. Shortly after,
he was ordered to join General Curtis' column, which was
moving from RoUa, preparatory to an advance upon forsaken
and forlorn Springfield. Remonstrances from military men
of position and influence were presented to General HaUeck
on account of this order, as it was asserted that in the thaw
ing and freezing month of February Missouri roads were
utterly impassable. But General HaUeck was inflexible. He
was confident that Colonel Davis' skUl and energy, -with the
eagerness of the soldiers for an advance, wotUd carry the
division safely through.
Accordingly the tioops set out, leaving behind tents and
every article of baggage which could possibly be spared. In
a few days they reached the banks of the Osage. The waters
were running high and swift, and no bridge joined the oppo
site banks. In a heavy snow storm the tioops were forced
to ferry themselves on rafts. They were three days in effect
ing the perilous crossing, but, safely landing, they soon reached
Lebanon, and, joining Curtis, became a part of the Army
of the Southwest.
The army assembled at Lebanon on the 7th of February
consisted of twelve thousand men, and were arranged hi four
divisions, under Sigel, Asboth, Davis and Carr. Major Gen
eral Samuel R. Curtis was in command.
14

198 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA. '
The ardor -with which the tioops four months before had
chased General Price revived, and they moved on so rapidly
that they were within ten mUes of him before he was aware of
thefr approach. He decamped without delay. The Twenty-
Second Indiana entered Springfield at the head of the army,
unfurled the colors from the top of the court house, cheered
the flag, cheered the gaUant division commander, Colonel
Davis, and in high good humor cheered themselves, and con
tmued thefr scarcely interrupted march.
As it was impossible for the supply tiains to work then
way through the almOst bottomless roads of the prafrie fast
enough to keep pace with the army, the last crackers were
eaten at Springfield, and from this point corn, foraged from
farmers' cribs, parched or raw, formed the food of the greater
number of the troops.
During nearly two weeks Curtis, at the rate of twenty miles
a day, foUowed close on the heels of Price, finding at evening
the smouldering ffres which marked the Rebel bivouac of the
previous night, and expecting every morning immediate battle.
The way grew rough and rougher. It cut through the
Ozark mountains, and wandered through umrihabited dis
tricts. But the foot of Price never failed. The fleetest horse
men seldom came in contact -with his rear picket line, although
when the pickets of the two armies met the Rebels showeid
they could fight as weU as run. In pluck and grit the en
counter was even.
In one of these running fights Sergeant John A. Edwards,
" of the Eighth, was shot through the arm, the bone of which
was broken ; he had two horses shot under him, mounted a
thfrd, and was shot through the thigh, before he left the
field. Once while the Eighth was waiting at the crossing of a
stieam for an Iowa regiment to pass, the sound of skirmish
ing was heard from the front Instantly the Eighth dashed
through the stream, through the Iowa regiment, and on to
wards the sound, but it arrived only m time to see the smoke
clearing away from the field.
The Rebels fled into Arkansas. The Federals foUo-wed,
shouting as they crossed the boundary line, and left the old

A SHOUT REST. 199
State of " Misery" beMnd them, but, in spite of thefr eager
ness to push on, they halted to hear the assembled bands play
the mspfriting National afrs, " HaU Columbia," and " Star
Spangled Banner."
Price pressed on tlirough a narrow mountain road. Curtis
pressed on after him. At Sugar Creek, a clear, shaUow stieam,
in a deep, broad valley, commanded on both sides by high
hills, the hostUe armies for the first time came in sight of each
other. But Price could not be induced to stay. He stiU
pushed forward, while his rear, fighting hard, kept back the
van of Curtis.
Fifty mUes further, to the Boston mountains, the Rebel
General continued his flight, burning on his w^y the greater
part of FayetteviUe, to prevent the refreshment and shelter
of the Union aarmy there. Now he was safe, for Curtis was
at last exhausted.
The 5th of March -was cold. Blustering winds from the
western prafries blew in fitful gusts over the Ozark mountains.
A Hght snow lay on the ground. Sheltered m the Cross Hol
lows, a pass in the MUs, twelve mUes south of Sugar creek.
General Curtis and his fourth division rested after the con
flicts and the long, weary, forced marches of the pursuit The
fii-st and second di-visions, under General Sigel, lay almost due
west, extending from Osage Springs to Liadsey's prafrie, and
back to BentonviUe, four or six mUes in the rear. The thfrd
division, under Colonel Davis, had, four days before, gone
back from Cross Hollows to the hiUs which form the northern
boundary of Sugar Creek HoUow.
Large numbers from all the divisions, and especiaUy from
¦General Sigel's commaad, were scattered over the country in
¦every direction, reconnoitring, grinding grain and foraging.
Several smaU forces were garrisoning important posts m the
tear. The entfre Union army in Arkansas was not more than
ten thousand five hundred, cavafry and infantry, -with forty-
nine pieces of artiUery, including four mountam howitzers.
About two in the afternoon of that bleak March day the
qniet and test of the camp at Cross Hollows were broken by
fugitives from the farms «nd viUages of the neighborhood, in

200 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
terror and haste, claiming the protection of the national forces.
General Price was impressing eVery man in the region into
his service, and was rapidly approaching to attack General
Curtis. General Van Dom and General McCuUoch had
joined him with large reinforcements, and his numbers now
amounted to thfrty thousand or thirty-five thousand men.
Scouts came gaUoping in with the same inteUigence.
General Curtis determined on an immediate concentiation
of his forces in the stiong position north of Sugar Creek,
afready occupied by Colonel Davis j and be at once marched
back to that point, sending, at the same time, an order to
General Sigel to make the same movement. Owing to the
greater number and distance of Sigel's scouting parties, he
could not move so readUy, and it was two in the mornmg be
fore he was in motion. General Price overtook Mm, fought
him, almost surrounded him ; but Sigel covered his tiains,
made constant use of his artiUery, and crossed the HoUow,
reaching the hUls on Davis' right witii Uttie loss.
General Curtis' army now fronted Sugar Creek HoUow,
and commanded the main road, and two other roads which
converge from the southwest. General Carr, with the fourth
division, held the extreme left -wing towards the East, Davis,
¦with the thfrd division, the center, and Sigel, with the first
and second, the right, towards the West Carr's Ime extended
back nearly to Elkhorn Tavern on the main or Springfield
road. Davis commanded the dfrect approaches from the
South. His Indiana brigade, consisting of the Eighth, Eigh
teenth and Twenty- Second regiments, and the Ffrst Indiana
battery, Captain lilaus, was dfrectly west of the road, on
pomts which were separated from each other by deep ravines.
Within the last five hours intienchments had been thrown up
on these pomts. In the rear of Colonel Davis' position spread
a high, broken plain, caUed Pea Ridge, which was partly
under cultivation, partly covered -with densely gro-wing scrub-
oaks. Farther back was the deepvaUey of Big Sugar Creek,
or Cross Timbers. Some distance in the rear of both Davis
andJ Sigel was Leetown. The position was stiong if assailed
in front, where alone assault could be reasonably expected;

PEA RIDGE. 201
but too full of points and gorges, and of too wide extent to
be guarded from attack in the rear.
The men slept on thefr arms, and scarcely slept, expecting
every moment to be roused by the call to battle. But the
night passed quietly, and morning found Sigel, Asboth, Davis
and Carr -w^iere evening had left them, on the hights over
looking Sugar CreekHoUow, keenly watching the roads from
the South.
But they were deceived. In the darkness of the night, of
the ravines and of the woods, the Confederates outflanked
them, gained thefr rear, cut them off from their supplies, and
now Price and Van Dorn were marshaling thefr tioops from
Sugar Creek Hollow, on Sigel's right, to Elkhorn Tavern, in
Carr's rear. At daylight the two Confederate leaders were
at Elkhorn Tavern with Price's tattered, hungry, but valiant
Missourians. General Van Dorn was Commander-in-Chief of the trans-
Mississippi Distiict, and consequently out-ranked Price. He
was a coarse, dissipated, lawless man, but clear-headed, prompt
and brave, and adopted Price's plans with good will.
On the rear of Davis, and the rear and flank of Sigel, were
General McCuUoch -End General Mcintosh, with fresh, spfr-
ited but untried troops, Louisianians, Arkansians and two
thousand or three thousand Indians, in all the glitter of
feathers, nose-rings and paint.
Many of the Arkansians engaged were volunteers and con
scripts for this single battle, and were directed to rush on the
Union trains during the confusion of the stiuggle, knock
down or shoot the teamsters and drive off the wagons.
General McCuUoch was an original Texan Ranger, and had
won an unrivaled reputation for boldness and hardihood during
more than twenty years of border life. The Southwest loved
to caU him Garibaldi. With large, brown, quiet eye, heavy
dark beard and hafr, and tall, slender form, he was not unlike
the great Italian Liberator in appearance. He was fond of
dress, and was always attired so as to attract attention. For
this great day, the greatest, with all his fighting habits, that
he had ever seen, he had discarded mUitary dress, and wore

202 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
a black Vel-vet suit, -with fine, high-top boots, and a low broad
brimmed hat or sombrero. It was his death suit.
General Mcintosh -was much less noticeable, and was less
influential; The Cherokee chieftain, Ross, and the renegade
New Hahipshfre lawyer, Albert Pike, led the Indians.*
All odds on the morning of the 7th were in favor of the
Confederates. But General Curtis was not long in learning his critical
position, nor slow in turning to meet the increased danger.
His whole line faced abofrt. He sent Colonel Osterhaus, from
Sigel's force, with cavafry and artUleary, to make an attack
upon the Rebel center.
Colonel Osterhaus advanced about a mUe beyond Leetown,
and found McCuUoch's tioops streaming along the road from
BentonvUle to Elkhorn Tavern. They recrived him with
shouts of defiance. One of his regiments fled, but the others
took a position on the left of the road, with a small infantry
force, part of which was the Twenty- Second Indiana, under
Lieutenant Colonel Hendricks, which had foUowed as a sup
port, and held thefr ground until Colonel Davis, -with nearly
the whole of his division, joined them.
The check which Davis offered was Uke a dam cast across
an impetuous river, delaying only to throw the frresfrainable
torrent out far beyond its banlcs. McCuUoch's front swept
across an open field to the west of the road, the bed of th&
current, Ms flank swarmed in an oak thicket, which extended
southeast to Davis's camp.
*In 1837 Albert Pike wrote a hymn to the air ot the Marsellaiae. On*
stanza is: "Now! Nowl The traitors' hearts are aiming
To shiver Freedom's golden chain,
Disunion's fires are wildly flaming;
The starry heart of peace doth wane.
Lol Freedom's eye and cheels are paling t
And shall we tamely sit and smile
While Slavery's feet our land define,
And anarehy and wrath are wailing?
To armsl To armsl Ye brave I
The avenging sword nnsheath.
March on I March on I All hearts resolved
On. victory or death."

LEETOWN. 203
Davis steadUy met both front and flank. The two forces
locked in battie. AU was now smoke, dust and din. The
shriU whoop of the Indian rose above the shout of the white
soldier, and pierced tMough the dull, unceasmg boom of
artiUery. The second brigade -was overwhelmed, and lost two guns
from Davidson's Peoria battery. The first (Indiana) brigade,
under Colonel Pattison, pushed through the woods to McCul-
loch's rear, drove him from the front of the second brigade,
and the Eighteenth, dfrected by Colonel Washburn, charged
upon the captors of the guns and retook them. Colonel
Davis thanked the regiment on the field. The Twenty-Sec
ond was pressed hard by Arkansas tioops and Indians. Colonel
Hendricks, receiving two shots at the same moment, died in
the thicket A very short time the Twenty-Second was with
out a commander, and in some confusion, but when order
was restored it rout£d the enemy in its front.
McCuUoch feU. Mcintosh fell. The Indians, confused
by the novelty of " shooting wagons," as they caUed the artU
lery, could not be made to advance, or even to hold thefr
ground. The Confederate fine once broken, the voice of the favorite
General no longer heard, aU order was lost; the battle was
lost, but it was won to the good cause, and won by desperate
fighting. The struggle at the east end of the line, three mUes off,
began at the same time, but, tMeatened from the beginning
to be disastious. General Carr begged General Curtis for re
inforcements. But troops could not be sent from Sigel, be
cause an attack on the extreme left was momentarUy expected ;
neither could they be taken from Davis, because his whole
division, except the few tioops guarding the road from the
south, was already and hotly engaged. General Curtis sent
him al^the disengaged soldiers he could gather, a few horse
men beside his body-guard.
Again Carr implored help. Curtis gave aU he had — a
promise, with the order to persevere.
Carr did persevere ; but as the weighty moments moved by
aud no help came, he sent the^-Comiuandijag General a

204 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
declaration that, without help, further effort to hold his ground
was useless.
General Curtis then ordered Colonel Benton to send half
Ms little force. Colonel Benton made the division, but the
two halves disputed sohotiy forthe privUege of rushing into
the ffre to the help of thefr comrades, that the lot was resorted
to for a decision. It became Lieutenant-Colonel Shunk'slot
to go -with a battaUon of infantry and three pieces of artil
lery, under Captain Klaus.
Soon after the enemy's forces had melted away in the
brushy center, and the fire had slackened and ceased, General
Curtis dfrected the remainder of Benton's regiment and also
General Asboth and General Sigel to move up to Carr's help.
General Carr was covered -with wounds; he had been fight
ing seven hours, had been driven back a half mUe, and had
lost a great number of his men before help reached him. The
Fourth Iowa was faUing back for cartridges when Curtis ad
vanced; he instantly dfrected it to face about and join the
Ninth Ulinios, which stUl was on the field, in a bayonet charge.
General Asboth at the same time opened a close and fre-
mendous fire. General Sigel, who had had nearly four mUes
to move, sent word that he was close at hand.
Encouraged and cheered, strengthened and lengthened,
Carr's Une resumed the fight. But Price and Van Dorn were
not to be easUy beaten. Stubborn as bears they held the
ground they had gained, and victory seemed deciding in thefr
favor, when happUy night put an end to the day's stiuggle.
Every preparation was now made for the desperate and
decisive conflict of the morrow. Men were hurried after the
caissons. •> A detaU from each company was sent to bruig
water and provisions. The weary soldiers were not aUowed
to move from the ground they had trampled in the battle.
They lay that night within a few yards of the foe, with thefr
dead and wounded comrades scattered round them.* Dark
ness, sUence and fatigue secured for them repose; but the
awful memories of the day, and the chiU wind, untempered
by the soldiers' great consoler, heaps of burmng logs, rendered
slumber but gloomy.

ELKHORN. 205
At midnight Colont'l Davis' division left the battie-ground
at the center to join General Curtis.
The Confederates also concentrated in the night, and when
the sun rose they were aU in readiness. But their position
was not good. They were crowded and cramped in broken
defiles. The Federal Une, on the contrary, was ranged along
an open plain, with nothing dfrectly in front to obstruct
view, or movement, except the low oaks at the head of the
ravines. Though concentrated, the relative positions of the
divisions were the same as on the previous day — from left to
right, the first, second, thfrd and fourth, or Sigel, Asboth,
Davis and Carr,
General Sigel had nOt yet assumed his position when
Colonel Davis ordered the batteries of Davidson and Klaus,
wMch were on his left, to open fire, and the Twenty-Second,
Eighth and Eighteenth Indiana to advance. The Rebels re
turned the salutation from a battery which was hidden m a
thicket, not two hundred yards distant lOaus was forced to
retire, the Eighth and Twenty-Second to foUow. The Eight
eenth, after a Uttie delay, also slowly drew back.
The day could scarcely have opened less auspiciously. But
when Sigel was once in Une the rising Rebel tide was checked.
The Indiana tioops again, but more slowly and more cau
tiously, moved to the front, the right somewhat in reserve.
The drove the hidden battery, which had been the cause of
thefr discomfiture, from the field, with drawn bayonets, and
hotly, though steadUy, pushed thefr way forward.
The field was bounded east and west by eminences, which,
shortiy after the opemng of the struggle, became objects of
contest Colonel Carr's batteries easily gained the eastern
ridge, and while the battle lasted rained down an unceasmg
cross-fire. The enemy was more resolute in Ms efforts to
get a stand-point on the western hiU, the base of which
Sigel held. Confederate infantiy was afready lodged on
the hUlside, seeldng shelter behind rocks and stones ; Con
federate artiUery was working round stiU further, when Gen
eral Sigel's batteries gained a position wMch commanded

206 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
them, and began a vigorous ffre, "the rocks and stones work
ing as hard as the sheU and shot"*
" General Sigel ordered the Twenty-Fifth RUnois to take
a position along a fence in open view of the enemy's batteries,
which at once opened fire. Immediately a battery of six of
our guns was thrown into Une a hundred paces in the rear
of our advanced infantiy, on a rise of ground. The T"Welfth
Missouri then wheeled into line on the right of the EliMos
regiment, and another battery was disposed in the same way
in its rear. This movement continued untU thfrty pieces of
artiUery were in a Une, -with infantry lying down in front
Each piece opened ffre as it came into position."t
After an hour's close and hard fighting the enemy fell back.
Sigel then advanced his line, and shortly after issued an order
to charge. The brave men, who had lain for hours -with the
haU of the enemy falling upon them, and thefr own cannon
playing over them, rose up and moved in compact line upon
the now broken Confederate ranks.
The first tioops in the race down the defiles were the
Twenty-Fifth lUinois, the Twelfth Missouri and the Eigh
teenth and Twenty- Second Indiana. Davis' division captured
five cannon, but the chase met -with little farther success.
Here and there a frightened foot-soldier or a straggUng wagon
were aU the results. When the rebels fell back they sank
beyond recaU down the Ozark gorges, and scattered beyond
pursuit; but they lived to fight another day.
The battle was over by noon. " It was a deUghtful moment
when we aU met after twelve o'clock on the eminence where
the enemy held position but a few minutes before."*
The total Federal loss in this great battie was thfrteen hun
dred and fifty in kiUed, wounded and missing. The Confed
erate loss, according to General Van Dorn, was six hundred.
When the attention of the army was turned to the mournful
duties of burial, horror was added to grief " The Texans,
with thefr large, heavy knives, had driven skuUs in twain,
* General Sigel's report.
t Letter from a regular officer in <^' Rebellion Eecotd."

DDLCE ET DECORDM EST PRO PATRIA MORI. 207
mingling blood, brains and hair, a sight," one of Price's
ofiicers had the heart to -write, "not devoid of satisfaction."*
¦ The torn and bloody field also bore the too weU-known
marks of Indian warfare. The savage knife had severed the
scalp from many a head, and lacerated many a face out of aU
hlceness to humanity.f
General Curtis remonstiated, by letter, with General Van
Dorn for aUowing such deeds. Van Dorn retorted by accusing
the Germans, "Sigel's Dutch," of equal brutaUty.
The 7th of March, the first day of the battle, was the birth
day of Colonel Hendricks. His wife, in thefr home in Mad
ison, Indiana, celebrated it by inviting to dinner his best
beloved friends. He was a man whose heart was fuU of the
mUk of human kmdness, and he had many and loving friends.
He was the subject of fond story and of fonder hopes at the
very hour when he lay dying in the scrub-oak thicket, -with no
word to cheer and no hand to soothe. But death comes to
aU, and on the field, battUng for the right, is the noblest place
to meet him.
The battle of Pea Ridge was as decisive as any engage
ment of the whole war. It definitely determined the fate of
the campaign in the southwest by effectuaUy puttmg an end
to the active resistance of the Rebels, who did not stay thefr
retieat tiU they had reached the Arkansas River.
The Union army suffered greatly at this time from scarcity
of food. Being at so great a distance from the depot at RoUa,
whence the supplies were conveyed in wagons over almost
impassable roads, the provision from this source was neces-
sarUy insufficient, and the deficiency could not long be sup
plied from the poor and thinly settled mountain regions.
Whole regiments frequently subsisted for days on nothing but
•Letter to 0. d. West, published in the Richmond (Va.) Whig.
tJames R. Smith, Lieutenant in company H, of the Eighth, was wounded
in the leg during a change of position by the regiment, but he would not
allow his comrades, who were deeply attached to him, to carry him from the
field. "No, you must push forward with the command," was his settled
reply to their entreaties. The regiment had no sooner passed on than the
Rebels occupied the ground on which Smith fell. His friends sought him at
the earliest possible moment, but he was dead— his neck pierced through
with a bayonet. His person was robbed of everything of value.

208 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
parched corn, sometimes with the addition f blue oeef,
which, the soldiers said, was the remains of cattle so poor that
they had to be supported to the place of execution. From
the 24th of January to the 17th of March the army subsisted
on fifteen days' rations. Stinted food could more easily
have been borne with comfortable shelter and clothing. But
even these were denied. The men slept -without tents, and
did duty in tatters, sometimes in bare feet In consequence
of these privations much sickness foUowed during the month
the array lay in camp at Sugar Creek Bottom and at Cross
Timbers. Cross Timbers was caUed from the tiees feUed by
the Rebels across the road, which here runs through a deep
and narrow vaUey.
On the 6th of AprU the "Army of the Southwest" left its
dreary camping ground among the hiUs of northwestern Ar
kansas, and commenced another long march. Returning to
Missouri, it proceeded eastwardly through CassvUle, Bull's
MiUs, Forsyth and West Plains, whence, turnmg southward,
it re-entered Arkansas, and marching by way of Evening
Shade, reached Sulphur Rock. WhUe on the march Major
Dailey was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the Twenty-
Second, and Captain Gooding was appointed Major. About
the same time Colonel Benton received Ms commission as
Brigadier General.
General Curtis' army remained at Sulphur Rock and in
its neighborhood tUl the last of June. BatesvUle and Jack-
sonport were occupied, and expeditions were made across the
river in the dfrection of Little Rock, proceeding as far as Little
Red river, but returning without accompUshing any important
result, except the severe chastisement of numerous bodies of
guerrillas. Subsistence was obtained by foraging in the fer
tile White River VaUey, which at ffrst yielded a sufficiency
within the limits of safety for foraging parties. But the
immediate region becoming exhausted, and the remoter dis
tricts being infested with smaU roving bands of Rebel cavalry,
which rendered it unsafe to proceed far from camp without
a stiong guard, the array, during the latter part of its stay,
suffered much from scarcity of food. For daily allowance the

PROMOTIONS. 209
commissaries issued to each man four ears of corn, which,
with meat, constituted aU the rations.
Soon after the arrival at Sulphur Rock, Colonel Pattison
was placed in command of the post of BatesvUle, and the
Eighteenth Indinna was detached from its brigade, and re
moved to that post for duty.
Encamped in a beautiful cedar grove in the suburbs of
town, the regiment now had its first wholesome rest since it
entered the field, for, with such surroundings, they regarded
the frequent details for guard duty as nothing compared with
their previous long marches, or short sojourns in dreary and
unhealthy camps.
At this place Colonel Pattison resigned his comraission.
He was succeeded in the coramand of the post by Lieutenant-
Colonel Washburn, who was now promoted to the vacant
Colonelcy. Major Thomas was coramissioned Lieutenant-
Colonel, and Captain Jesse L. Holman Major.
Colonel Pattison early gained and always retained the love
and respect of his command. When he was about to leave,
the regiment marched to his quarters in a body to bid him
good-bye. Lieutenant Black, of company H, addressed him
in behalf of the regiment, and the Colonel, overcoming his
emotion with visible difficulty, responded to the farewell of
men he had so ably led at Pea Ridge.
Adjutant George S. MarshaU here received the appointment
of Captain and Assistant Adjutant General on the staff of
Brigadier General Benton. He was a young man of great
promise, and a thorough soldier. The faUure of his health
afterwards compelled him to quit the army, but he left behind
him hosts of friends and admirers. He died shortly after
near Panama, on a voyage to California for the recovery of
his lost health.
May 10th Colonel Davis received orders to proceed with
severd regiments, one of which was the Twenty-Second In
diana, with aU possible speed, to Cape Girardeau, and thence
to General HaUeck's army before Corinth, The troops se
lected to go with him threw away everything that might
impede thefr movements, burned their tents, and started on
the march. Moving rapidly two hundred and fifty nnUes

210 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
through a rough, sparsely settled district, they reached Cape
Gfrardeau in ten days, but in an almost exhausted condition.
Without delay they embarked on steamboats, which were
waiting for them, and went down the Mississippi.
On the march from Sulphur Rock, Colonel Davis received,
by a courier, his commission as Brigadier General, dating from
the day of the Blackwater fight

SOLDIER, WILL YOU WORK? 211

CHAPTER XIX,
THE TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT.
" They also serve who only stand aud wait." — Milton.
The Twenty-Sixth Indiana, the Sixth Missouri and Fry
barger's battery saw one after another of the regiraents and
batteries, with which they had been connected in the faU and
winter, sent up to St, Louis or down towards Arkansas untU
aU were gone, and they were left alone to guard and finish
the fortifications, A letter from a soldier in the Twenty-
Sixth, published in the Indianapolis Journal, in the latter part
of February, shows the dissatisfaction with which the tioops
submitted to their lot :
" Our letteis are stUl headed La Mine Cantonment ; our
address is still OttervUle; Missouri mud stiU sticks to our feet
and settles in our storaachs; butternut breeches stiU are the
prevaUing costume of our visitors, and the aguish faces which
appeaiyin our encampment denote that we are stiU in the land
of blue mass and quinine. We had settled in our minds
that long ere this we should be with our gallant Hoosier boys
in Kentucky, who have been gaining for themselves bright
laurels on the battle-field ; but the powers that be have over
ruled all the nice plans we had laid dO-wn for our future ; and
instead of sending us down South, have given us a contiact
to throw up a great many square yards of dirt to constitute
Camp Pope a safeguard for commissary stores and home-
guards. " Why we were assigned to this delectable duty deponent
saith not; perhaps we were considered better mud-diggers
than the other regiments, and, maybe, because we were of
no account for anything else; be that as it may, here weare,
with the dim hope of being able to get away when we have
thrown up breastworks so high that the blood-thirsty home-

212 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
guards of this State -wiU be wilUng to trust thefr precious car
cases behind them.
" When it is considered that an embanlcment from seven to
fourteen feet Mgh, and half a mUe long, is to be thrown up,
a stockade of heavy timber some two hundred yards long to
be put in, besides the gates and magazines to be buUt, it -will
be seen that quite a large amount of labor -will be necessary
to fiU the contract The question, ' Soldier, -wUl you work?'
which is supposed to be always answered in the negative, is
now, much to the dissatisfaction of the boys, answered in the
affirmative, and we are compeUed to work aU the time.
" We have faithfuUy clung to our old muskets, tMough evil
as weU as good report — ^we have scoured them, cleaned them
and carried them for six long months, and, save in some rare
instances, when they have protected the boys from the violent
attacks of secesh pigs and chickens, they have been articles
of ornament, not utUity.
" OtterviUe and the vicinity are quite attractive in sceneiy
and society, there being a lovely bottom on one side and a
magnificent forest of oak-grubs on the other. The view is
not so pleasant now as it was when we first encamped here,
as the bottom is overflowed, and the forest has been mosflv
cut down for ffre-wood. The society is good — ^there being two
famUies which keep open house for the defenders of thefr
countiy. One of these bakes pies at twenty-five cents each,
and the other does what Uttie washing the soldiers requfre.
" To-day the news of the surrender of Fort Donelson was
received, and caused much rejoicing. Thirteen guns were
fired m honor thereof, and the fatigue parties saluted by
throwing their picks as far as possible.
" AU that the Union-loving inhabitants here want is the as
surance that there is no possible danger of their bemg injured
in person or property, and good pay besides, and they -wUl rally
in large numbers round the flag of our country. B."
One or two passages from private letters end, for the pres
ent, the picture of Indiana life in Missouri :
" Last Friday a train of fifteen teams, with about fifty men
to guard it, was sent on a foraging expedition some fifteen mUes
distant We passed tMough the prettiest portion of Missouri

J^'S V G-EPtrm. «cC" lit"f

;ERlo[MC®.©Effi¥ araDiffi

FORAGING. 213
that I have yet seen — wide-spreading, rolling prafries, skirted
by dense \yoods of a species of oak, with here and there a
stately monarch of the forest standing proudly out in the
prairie. Splendid farms and buildings, some with and some
without orchards, were hurriedly past, until we came to one
which seemed to be of a different cast from the others. It
was the plantation of a Mr. Cockrell, who is in 'Uncle Sam's'
college in St. Louis, where I hope he is well attended to. We
drove into his meadow and up to his corn-crib, and helped
ourselves without waiting for an invitation — indeed there was
none there to invite us. When the loading was finished, we
drove back to the house, where we put up unconditionally
for the night.
" Some of the slaves, in talking with us, gave us a little
intimation of the delights of slavery in this style. One of
the unfortunate wretches had, in some way, given offense, for
which his master chained him to the joist of an old house, so
high that the victim could just stand on tip-toe, then applied
the lash to his naked back until it was completely lacerated.
When the chain was removed he sank to the floor and ex
pired. Our informant showed us the very lock and part of
the chain which were used in this worse than inhuman act.,
" The poor Africans seemed almost overjoyed to see us, and
said they wished we could remain with them. The 'Missus'
dhected us to sleep in an out-house. The slaves said had we
been secessionists the parlor would have been appropriated
to our use.
"The paymaster has been coming 'to-morrow' for weeks,.
but 'to-morrow never rose to man, nor set,' and the paymas
ter has not yet been seen.
" I do beUeve, were it to rain or pour, it always pours here,,
forty days and forty nights, the dry land would appear by
noon on the forty-first day.
" This morning before sunrise two slaves came into camjp..
They ran away from their master, traveled aU night, stopped
with us, told their tale of sorrow, and, after eating a hearty
Federal breakfast, and fiUing thefr spacious coat pockets -with
meat and sheet-iron crackers, they pressed on with blistered
feet, bound for Jefferson City. Rest would have been accept-
15

2J4 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
able, but tiiey feared their masters were after them, and were
eager to be going. Such occurrences are not rare."
"We have a good many secesh prisoners in Sedalia, taken
princiiially at Warrensburg lately. One of them is a Colonel
Parker. He was lying in a ditch acting 'possum,' but one
of our boys thought he would proceed according to scripture
and prove whether or not little secesh was dead, so he tickled
the Colonel in the short ribs with his toe, and Reb. went
'ugk!' Of course the Union man declared the accused
'guUty,' and brought him to his footing.
" The -weather is fine, warm days and cold night, with frost
Those verses you sent, ' No letters to-day,' are appropriate to
my case nearly every day. The boys unanimously agreed
one night that if I received more letters than anybody else
when the train came in, I should have the tent all to myself
one whole hour. I went to work and wrote a lot of letters
which I addressed to myself I determined that I would get
some, if I had to do the -writing as w-ell as the reading. I
put all the boys out of the tent in double-quick time.
" You think the war wUl soon be over; weU I don't. I look
upon our men as more than fools for feeding the Rebel pris
oners so well, whUc they let the Union soldiers suffer for food.
I think Morton, kind as lie is, has one bad eye.
The work on the fortifications near the LaMine was some
times varied by expeditions in search of bands of guerrUlas
who committed depredations on the Union farmers. As the
robbers scattered when threatened by the approach of Fed
eral soldiers, the pursuit was generally but a hasty march,
with no other result than the capture of a few prisoners, often
citizens who were in secret alliance with the enemy, and the
establishment for a time of some degree of quiet and safety
among the country people.
Colonel Wheatiey endeavored to preserve the moraUty of
his regiment by enforcing rules, early introduced into the
camp, forbidding drinking and gaming. The regulations
were generally approved, nevertheless there existed some dis
satisfaction with the Colonel, the inevitable result of a mo
notonous camp-Ufe-

AN OFPICER-S TRIALS. 215
Few regiments, in the ffrst three months of their career,
regarded thefr commanding officers with affection. Unused
to restraint, accustomed to yield obediaiice oiUy to the invisi
ble and commonly infliexible andinfaUible power of law, men's
feehngs revolted against the orders of an officer, who was
but a man Uke themselves, often no older, no wiser and no
better, and who was daUy in thefr presence. They first learned
obedience on the battle-field, and having then from necessity
heartily accepted tiieir leader, they afterwards acknowledged
ids authority as just, and even agreeable. But if months of
quiet camp-Ufe continued, the Colonel had little opportunity
of gaining the willing and affectionate submission of his
command, AprU, May and June were spent in SedaUa. With the
sprmg health improved, and the camp became more cheerful
Inaction, however, continued to be distasteful.

gjg THE' SOLDIER OF INDIAN/I.

CHAPTER XX.
KENTUCKY.
The civil war had just begun,
And caused much consternation,
While 0. P. Morton governed one
Great State of this great Nation,
So it did
"Magoffin governed old Kentuck, ..-,,- ,
And Dennison Ohio^
And no three humans had more piust
Than this puissant truB So they iiadn-'«
"No matter what they found to do,
'Twas done with all their pawer;
What other men would do in two,
They did in just one hour. So they did.
— The Meeting on the Gorier.
There was once, a very longtime ago, though not so many
generations back that the tiaces of thefr Franco-Germanic
cruelties are faded out of their race, a parcel ©f undutU'iil
princes who tied thefr mother to two wUd horses,- and thai*
-with shout and ktsh, drove the creatures violently apart.
The old lady had lived more than eighty years, and had
queened it right royally. But her sons were bold, young
blades. They fretted and chafed in her traces, they stiuggled
Under her resistless rule; thefr high wUls rose in rebeUion r
thefr youthful hearts burned -with the love of liberty, and at
Sast they sought the aid of death to gain thefr deliverance,-
But they doubted if even death had power to touch that iron
frame whUe it held together. Therefore it was that they tore
her to pieces.
Tlie disloyal chUdren of Kentucky behaved in the very
same way. They taunted their mother's old-fa»hioned love for

¦SONS OP KENTU-CKY. 217
the Union:; they jeered her cowardly dependence on it; they
essayed to drag her from its protection ; they bound her openly
to NeutraUty and secretiy to Secession. They stretched and
bruised and tore her tough old sinews, -they racked her bones,
and lacerated her flesh, and grieved her heart; they trailed
her gray discrowned head in the dust But Kentucky was
loyal to herself. She held her own.
Her sons, bad and good, (she was happier than the ancient
queen in that she had good as well as bad sons,) ran off. They •
formed the largest portion of Fremont's Body-Guard. They
mingled with the Sixth and other Indiana regiments. They
enlisted under Kentucky officers on Ohio, Indiana and Illinois
soil, but especially they joined the Confederates of Missouri,
Vfrginia and Tennessee.
The Louisville Journal said of this last class: "Hundreds
of thoseexceedingly sensitive lientucldans, who so eloquently
proclaimed that they could never take up arms against the
Southern States, inasmuch as those States were Kentiicky's
sisters, have now taken up arms for the conquest of Kentucky
herself. Isn't that enough to make the devil laugh?"
By this state of affafrs the comraerce of Kentucky was in
a great measure cut off, except by the LouisviUe and Nash
ville railroad. This last line of communication was shortiy
rendered uaavaUable by tlie authorities of Tennessee, who,
fancying that the smaU quantities of rice, cotton, turpentine
and tobacco which weait to the Nortli, were of more impor
tance than the vast amount of provisions and clothing which
came to the South, forbade exports from Tennessee. In homely
phrase, Tennessee "cut «ff her nose to >spite her face."
The act was of advantage to the Federal Government,
which had long been embarrassed by the manifest fact that
the blockade of the South could not become complete until
the passage of suppUes through Kentucky was stopped; and
by the inabUity to stop tMs passage without violating the
iieufrality of Kentucky. The blockade could now be enforced
at LouisviUe.
The next step on the part of the Tennessee authorities
was tostop altogether the running of cars on the road. The
road was entfrely closed m consequence, commerce destroyed.

218 THE SOLDIER OP INDiIANA.
tiade almost extinguished, and industrial pursuits of every
kmd injured, if not ruined. Union men of Kentucky were
only stimulated by the arbitrary temper of thefr southern
neighbor to an active support of the Government Seces
sionist, however, were stimulated by the same inflluenee to
the opposite line of action.
There existed in Kentucky before the commencement of
the war the nucleus of a military organization, called the
State Guards, which was formed chiefly of very pro>-slavery
young gentlemen. Simon B. Buekner -was the commander
and instructor of this organization, and being a fine Kentucky
gentleman, which means that he shook hands with everybody,
had a smooth tongue, a ready smile and a pleasant bow, he
was a man of almost unbounded influence. Under his
auspices the State Guards now fUled up rapidly. He labored!
assiduously to impart mUitary instruction^ and lost no* oppor
tunity to instU the insidious and treasonable doctrine of se
cession. PEs pupUs were apt, and after they were armed and
suppUed with all needed accoujterments, they stole in squads
out of the State.
General Bnckner's movements intbe beginning were covert^
yet they were soon -weU understood. The Governor and
Lieutenant-Governor were violent secessionists, and the Na
tional Government not only made no attempt at friterfcrence,
but even allowed Buekner to visit Washington, and examine
the fortifications lately erected for the defence of the city.
"Hurra for Jeff. Davis!" was !*lK>uted with impunity in the
stieets of LouisvUle.
Encouraged by tire leniency of the Government, the Con
federate Congress passed an -act authorizing enlistments m
Kentucky; some Tennessee forces entered the State and
took away with them six cannon and one thonsand stand of
arms ; and Senator Johnson, from the northwest corner of the
State, addressed to Mr. I^incoln a solemn and emphatic pro
test against the planting of cannon at Cafro, declaring that
they pointed towards the sacred soil of Kentucky.
Of the protest the President disposed by replying that if
he had known e-arlier that Cairo^ Elinois, was in JohnsoH/d

HAQAMUPPINS. 219
Kentucky Senatorial District he would not have established
either the guns or troops there.
No notice was yet taken of the other acts, except by loyal
Kentuckians, some of whom made an attempt to form Union
camps within the State. Lieutenant Nelson, of the United
States Navy, requested permission to use his influence for
the Government in his native State, and, obtaining it, formed
in Garrard county a small Federal encampment, afterwards
noted as Camp Dick Robinson.
Governor Magoffin addressed a letter of remonstrance on
the subject to the President, but the latter replied that, after
talcing all the means within his reach to form a judgment,
he did not believe it to be the popular wish of Kentucky
that this force should be removed beyond her limits, and with
this impression he declined to remove it.
Lovell Rousseau, a Kentuckian, although Indiana lays
some claim to him, as he began his career as a lawyer in In
diana, and laid during the eight or ten years of his residence
in this State the foundation of his reputation, drew out from
the State Guard a number of young men, who, not having
originaUy been Rebels, were not yet converted to Secession,
and used his influence to have them organized into Home
Guards. He saw that every young man seduced, into the
ranks of treason, took with him the sympathies of his friends,
and he was convinced that it would be the part of wisdom to
recruit for the Union within the State, in order, by enlisting
men on the side of the Nation, to give a loyal du-ection to the
sympathies of the people. He therefore endeavored to obtain
permission from the President to raise tioops in Kentucky for
the service of the United States. With difficulty he obtained
a sort of half permission, on condition that his recruits should
not be encamped within the State. So cautious was the
President not to offend or wound the sensitive Kedtucldans.
Rousseau set to work, established a camp, which he caUed
"Joe Holt," in the edge of Indiana, opposite LouisvUle, and
soon had two regiments and a battery. Secessiomsts caUed
his men ragamuffins, in reference to the poverty of their
origin. Many of them were from the mountains, and clothed
in home-spun, simple, true-hearted men, but not fit subjects

220 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
for scoffs, as the enemies of their countiy learned in the course
of time.
Federal and Confederate forces gathered aloiig the borders
of Kentucky. PiUow, Polk and Thompson on the Missis
sippi; ZoUicoffer on the Tennessee line; Prentiss and Grant
at Cafro. The Governors of Ohio, Indiana and IlUnois held
themselves in readiness to send ten thousand men to Ken
tucky when they should be needed. The heaving and seeth
ing, the waiting and working and watching could not long
continue without an encounter of the hostUe forces.
General PoUc looked with covetous eyes towards Paducah.
Situated at the mouth of the Tennessee, and connected by
raUway with aU the principal Southern raifroads, its possession
was invaluable. A large commerce had passed up the Ten
nessee — vast quantities of flour and bacon, ammumtion,
equipments and clothing had gone to the South by the rail
roads alone. It was necessary as a defence for the rear of
his positions on the Mississippi. Twice he threw aside the
dictates of prudence, and moved a large force forward with
the purpose of laying hold on the place, but a sober second
thought both times caused him to retreat.
Each side waited for the other to give the signal to step
with armed men on Kentucky's soU. At last a move was
made. On the 3d of September General Polk crossed the
river from New Madrid, and with a large force took posses
sion of Hickman on the Mississippi, and of Columbus, also
on the Mississippi, and about twenty miles below Cafro.
Scarcely had General Polk thrown down the glove, when
General ZoUicoffer also made an advance, entering Kentucky
through the Cumberland Gap, in order to cut off from faithful
East Tennessee its only mode of communication with the
loyal States.
General Grant was not slow to accept the chaUenge of the
Confederate Generals. The 6th of September, with two
regiments and a battery, he seized Paducah, and thus block
aded one of the principal entiances into the Rebel States.
Later in the month. Grant also blockaded the Cumberiand,
by taking possession of Smithland.
Between the removal of General PoUc across the Missis-

KENTUCKY FOR THE UNION.

221

sippi to Hickman and Columbus, and the advance of General
Grant to Paducah, the Legislature of Kentucky passed the
following resolutions :
'^Resolved, That Kentucky's peace and neutiality have
been wantonly violated, her soil has been invaded, and the
rights of her citizens have been grossly infringed by the so-
caUed Southern Confederate forces. This has been done
without cause ; Therefore,
" Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Commo7t-
wealth of Kentucky, That the Governor be requested to caU
out the miUtary force of the State to expel and drive out the
invaders. " Resolved, That the United States be invoked to give that
aid and assistance, that protection against invasion, which is
guaranteed to each one of the States by the 4th section of
the 4th article of the Constitution of the United States.
=' Resolved, That General Robert Anderson be, and he is
hereby, requested to enter immediately upon the active dis
charge of his duties in this mUitary distiict.
" Resolved, That we appeal to the people of Kentucky, by
the ties of patriotism and honor, by the ties of common in
terest and common defence, by the remembrances of the past,
and by the hopes of future national existence, to assist in ex
pelling and drivmg out the wanton invaders of our peace and
neutraUty, the lawless invaders of our soU."
Governor Magoffin, with characteristic audacity, vetoed
the resolutions, but they were passed over his veto by an
ovenvhelming majority.
Forty thousand volunteers for the defense of the State and
the Union were caUed out. Any volunteer Rebel was declared
incapable of inheriting property in Kentucky. The State
was now fuUy committed to the Union. General Anderson,
known and honored as the commandant at Sumter at the
time of the surrender of that fort, assumed command of the
Department. Kentucky prejudices were stUl consulted, and
General Anderson received the appointment mainly because
lie was a native Kentuckian.
General Thomas was sent to relieve Nelson of the care of
Camp Dick Robinson, where were now more than six thousand

222 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Kentucky and Tennessee tioops, and Nelson, commissioned
General, was ordered to form another camp in the eastern
part of the State, on the Big Sandy.
Before the meeting of the Kentucky Legislature, and be
fore the forward movements of Polk and ZoUicoffer and Grant,
the most active of the Kentucky Secessionists retfred to
Tennessee, from which General Buekner now moved towards
Bowling Green, with nearly ten thousand men. Bowling
Green, situated at the junction of two Kentucky raUroads
which enter Tennessee, possesses facUities for transportation
to an almost unUmited extent, and being on the south bank
of the Barren river, and almost encfrcled by hiUs, can be de
fended by a small force.
Buekner, however, did not desire merely to make a sfrong-
hold at this point. He moved forward, rapidly, in order to
insure secresy, towards LouisviUe. Further to insure that no
inteUigence of his movement might be carried to that city,
he cut the telegrapih -wfre and seized the upward-bound rail
way train.
The managers of the road, with no suspicion of danger,
sent from LouisviUe another train to bring up the passengers,
who, they supposed, were delayed by some accident. This
was also seized, and, as it did not, of course, return, the man
agers, stUl unsuspecting, dispatched a single engine. This
also was captured, but a single fireman escaped, and worked
his way back on a hand car in time to give the alarm.
General W. T. Sherman, second in command to General
Anderson, was immediately sent by the latter with orders to
Colonel Rousseau to bring his men to the defence of Louis
vUle. Sherman reached Rousseau's camp at nine o'clock in
the evening. At once aU was in motion. With speed and
in sUence the river was crossed, tents, camp-equipage and
supplies being left behind for some cavafrymen, who, as yet,
had no horses, to bring on the next day.
At midnight Colonel Rousseau's tioops marched through
LouisviUe. The rumbling of artiUery wheels and the solemn
tiamp of the march rose and died away without exciting
tumult or attention. The slumbering city was aware neither
of its danger nor of its deliverance.

ADVANCE AND RETREAT. 223
With the addition of a large portion of the city Home-
Guards, the force proceeded down the road, under the general
command of Sherman. The army thus hastily collected was
smaU, and would, probably, have fared ill in an encounter
with Buekner.
Happily there was to be no such premature tiial of stiength.
A loyal yoimg man of BowUng Green, a raifroad official,
hastened in advance of the Rebel army, and displaced a rail
a few mUes above that town. The engine, of course, ran off
the track. Time was requfred to repair the road, replace the
engine, and start the tiain again. General Buekner, in con
sequence, did not reach EUzabethtown untU General Sherman
was in position to offer battle. His heart then faUed him at
the prospect of the unexpected difficulties gathering in his
front, and he went no further. He, however, employed agents
to destioy a high bridge over the RoUing Fork of Salt river,
in order to retard the progress of the Union force.
Contiary to his expectations the want of the bridge did not
delay the Union force. When the command to cross was
given, Rousseau rose in his saddle and, crying out, " FoUow
me, boys. I expect no soldier to undergo any hardship that
I wUl not share!" sprang from Ms horse and waded the river.
The men could scarcely have crossed as rapidly on a bridge
as they followed him through water four and five feet deep.
Buekner retfred before this rapid advance, and General
Sherman estabhshed his camp on Muldraugh's HiUs, a series
of rugged elevations, forming the southern extremity of the
plain on which Louisville is situated, and about three railes
north of EUzabethtown, leaving guards at every important
point in his rear. There he waited for the loyal border States
to redeera thefr pledge.
General Buekner, also having his rear well guarded, slowly
moved back to Bowling Green, which he immediately began
to fortify.
Humphrey MarshaH, in the eastern part of the State, col
lected a force,. and appeared in front of General Nelson.
General ZoUicoffer threatened to approach General Thomas
from the Cumberland river, in the southeastern extremity.
His troops scoured south-central and southeastern Kentucky,

224 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
destioying the property of Union men, and evidently endeav
oring to advance to the blue-grass region, a wealthy district ui
the center and north, the owners of which, from the force of
cfreimistances, being large slave holders, were generally Se
cessiomsts, and as generaUy men without principle.
Thus, with MarshaU in the east, ZolUcoffer in the south
east, Buekner in the south, on the LouisviUe and NashviUe
raUroad, and Polk in the west, on the Mississippi, -with Grant
at Paducah, Sherman at EUzabethtown, Nelson in Mason
county, Kentucky was waUed in with soldiers. And not
merely her border lines were in the possession of armies,
armed forces were seated at her very heart
When September came in there was not a single body of
troops within aU her borders, except a smaU unorganized force,
half of Kentuckians, half of fugitive Tennesseans, at Camp
Dick Robinson. Before September went out MUs, fields and
towns were aUvewith thethrumingof martial music and the
trampmg of martial feet, and the neutral ground had become
a field of Mars.
In October General Anderson's health faUing, he was
obUged to resign. General Sherman succeeded him in the
care of the department.
General Sherman regarded Kentucky as a superintendent of
poUce might look on a vast city bursting into blaze in a hun
dred different points. Resolved to master the flames before
they should sweep together in one wide sea of ffre, he plunged
into business with aU the energy of a strong, deep feeling
soul ; he infused into every worthy subordinate his own vigor,
and he urgently called on the Government for more tioops.
General Cameron and General Thomas, the two sedate
visitors of General Fremont, returning from Missouri, called
on Sherman at tMs juncture, and found Mm in this "noble
rage," " Come and see -with how littie capacity the world is gov
erned!" said ChanceUor Oxenstiern once, in a candid and
satfrical moment Through the centmies which have inter
vened, and which have iUustrated the wisdom of the experienced
Swedish minister, the saying points to the interview of the
yet unknown American General with the weU-known and

•'MOST POTENT, GRAVE AND REVEREND SEIGNORS." 225
aged American statesmen, whose opinion and whose word,
weighty at all times in the Cabinet, were indubitable when
founded on personal observation, and corroborated by the
testimony of a miUtary officer of years and experience. Sher
man's lean, long face, high head, and nervous, fretful manner
impressed these censors; his sharp statement of the condition
of affairs startled them ; his gruff replies offended them ; and
they were thunderstruck by an earnest representation which
he made of his need of two hundred thousand men, A mole
and a bat, they sat in judgment on the course an eagle had
out-lined for his career, and now suUenly submitted to their
inspection. They shook their unwise heads over it ; they pro
nounced it impracticable ; they judged him insane, and with
their budget made up, they proceeded on their way.
It was a peculiarity of General Cameron and General
Thomas that before they presented their reports to the Presi
dent they allowed their opinions and the facts on which their
opinions were founded to be spread abroad. The rumor of
Sherman's insanity was like running fire. It was a new dis
aster heaped on an almost overwhelmed country. The West
especially was alarmed. The fate of the Republic and the
lives of the soldiers were more endangered by the caprices of
a lunatic than by the ambition of a would-be despot. The
public moreover believed Sherman crazy. There was no
reason in this case to suspect the motives of the investigating
committee. It was, therefore, with intense relief that intel
ligence of Sherman's resignation was received.
After the traduced and displaced Sherman, it was neither
a sick man nor a crazy man, not even an earnest man, who
was placed at the head of the Department, Don Carlos BueU
probably had no hand in naming himself; his name, therefore,
is not taken in account against him. He was born in Ohio,
grew up in Indiana, was educated at West Point, and had
served usefully in the army, with distinction in Mexico. His
antecedents, so far as they were generally known, were all in
his favor, and he was received with the prognostications of
greatness and glory which ushered aU our early Generals into
lofty positions.
" The Department which General BueU received compre-

226 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
hended the States of Indiana, Ohio and Michigan, aU of Ken
tucky lying east of the Cumberland river, and the State of
Tennessee. The Department of Missouri, commanded by
General HaUeck, lay west of the Cumberland, and in the
foUowing March General HaUeck's command was extended
eastward to a north and south line passing through KnoxvUle.
This command was called the Department of the Mississippi,
and in June was made to include the whole of Kentucky and
Tennessee. UntU November 24, 1862, the title and limits of
the District of the Ohio were retained."*
During October and November Federal and Rebel troops
and stores continued to accumulate in Kentucky. According
to the report contained in the Annual Cyclopoedia for 1861,
on the first of December the Federal troops in the State were
estimated at seventy thousand, of which nine regiments were
from lUinois, sixteen from Indiana, seventeen from Ohio, three
from Pennsylvania, one from Michigan, tMee from Wiscon
sin, two from Minnesota, and at least twenty-five thousand
of her own soldiers. The army was well appointed, and with
batteries of artillery and squadrons of cavafry to give it
greater efficiency.
* Annals of the Cumberland.

HASTENING TO KENTUCKY. 227

CHAPTER XXI.
ADVANCE FROM LOUISVILLE TO MUNFORDSVILLE.
"Fifty years ago Kentucky at Tippecanoe saved tho infant Territory of
Indiana from the merciless tomahawk of the savage, and the bones of her
Bona repose upon that bloody field. Kentucky is now invaded, and asks In
diana to como to her rescue." — Normam Eddy to the Citizens of the Ninth Con
gressional District.
It was said in the previous chapter that General Sherman
followed General Buekner to EUzabethtown, and there waited
for the gathering forces of the neighboring States. They
were not slow.
Indiana seemed ill prepared to give help to another. She
was herself defenceless. Her regiments, as fast as they were
formed, had been sent off, East and West. Her border had
no fbrtifications, no forces, and not guns enough along the
whole line to arm three thousand men. In the whole State
there was not a piece of artUlery larger than a six-pounder,
and not a regiment fully armed and equipped.
Yet, even before General Sherman reached EUzabethtown,
Indiana troops were swelling his numbers. As soon as Colo
nel Rousseau left Camp Joe Holt, Colonel Crittenden asked
and obtained leave to move to the reUef of Kentucky. Only
about five hundred of his men were yet collected in Madison,
and these were not uniformed, and not provided with tents.
But on the day permission was received, which was also the
day the regiment was rc-organized for the three years' service,
September 20th, it went down the river and marched through
LouisviUe. The city, now thoroughly alarmed by Buckner's
attempt to get it under Rebel rule, welcomed the Sixth with
vehement demonstration. Thatthe Colonel was a Crittenden
uo doubt added to the warmth of the reception.
Whatever may be the faults of Kentucky, she can never
be accused of ingratitude to her distinguished men. She

228 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
goes indeed to the other extreme, giving to a name such
weight as to surprise the plain Hoosier, with whom "every
tub stands on its own bottom," There is, however, something
charming, something feudal-Uke, in this devotion of man to
man, in this affection for a word. It is useful, too, when a
Crittenden, or a Breckenridge, is on the right side.
Carrying a beautiful flag, the present of the beautiful
Louisville ladies, and fired anew with patriotism by the aspect
of helpless and trusting women and chUdren, the Sixth has
tened forward, and encamped at Muldraugh's HiUs on the 22d
The Thirty-Eighth was but one day behind the Sixth.
When orders to march were received it lacked two hundred
and fifty of the fuU number, one hundred being absent from
camp, and one hundred and fifty not being yet recruited. It
was also entfrely without equipments. But hastUy and with
difficulty procuring knapsacks and muskets, it started without
delay. At Louisville it received cartridge boxes and belts.
At Lebanon it obtained haversacks and canteens. At last
fitted out, it arrived at the RoUing Fork, which it waded like
its predecessors, although the water was w-aist deep, and -very
cold, and marching eighteen miles further it joined Rousseau's
command. The Colonel of the Thfrty-Eighth, Benjamin F. Scribner,
belongs to that class of men whose worth is best known by
the vacancy their absence creates.
On the same day, immediately after the Thfrty-Eighth, the
Thirty-Ninth waded the formidable stream, and marched up
the vaUey to Camp IMuldraugh, It was welcomed -with en
thusiasm to the post of honor and danger, and ordered almost
immediately into line of battle, as the enemy was reported
approaching. Buekner, however, did not make his appear
ance, and the soldiers, after thefr weary march, slept that night
undisturbed on the ground and under the stars.
The Thfrty-Ninth, from Colonel to drummer, was a splen
did regiment The men were robust and vigorous to an
unusual degree. At least twenty-five were each six feet or
more in height. Captain Whitesell's company was from Ham
ilton county, chiefly from Wayne township, from which, out
of two hundred and thirty-seven voters, at this early period

THE THIRTY-NINTH. 229
of the war, one hundred and sixteen had been mustered into
service. Colonel Harrison was educated in Wabash CoUege, an in
stitution which has been remarkably successful in infusing
into the minds of its students serious and lofty views of duty.
For many years he had been a successful lawyer in Kokomo.
He was a Captain in the three months' campaign, as were
also Lieutenant- Colonel Jones and Major Evans.
A military Masonic Lodge, under dispensation, was organ
ized and accompanied the regiment. J. C. Linsday, W. M,,
and M, Garrigus Secretary, both of Howard county.
The Thirty-Ninth received muskets and ammunition in
LouisvUle, and fared sumptuously at the expense of the hos
pitable Kentuckians in the city, and on the way to Sherman's
camp. As communication with the North by rail was destroyed,
there was some delay in the arrival of rations and tents. The
men, meantime, spent the nights without shelter, and sub
sisted on fresh beef, bought of the country people, and apples,
pears, persimmons and other fruits, which were abundant.
Troops poured in from almost every county in Kentucky,
and regiments came rapidly from Ohio and lUinois.
The first of October General Sherman moved forward.
Eight men of the Sixth Indiana, commanded by Captain P.
P, Baldwin, entered EUzabethtown a mUe in advance. For
tunately for this daring party, the Rebel rear had left the town
a short time before.
At this time there was no definite miUtary organization,
AU the regiments in EUzabethtown were in one brigade.
When General Sherman was -withdrawn to LouisviUe to suc
ceed General Anderson, Colonel Rousseau was promoted
Brigadier General, and assumed command of tMs brigade.
At this time the field and staff officers of the Sixth Indiana
-were elected. Colonel Crittenden had the confidence and
affection of his men, and it was with satisfaction they saw
him reinstated in the command.
The 7th of October General Rousseau moved on from
EUzabethtown to NoUn, a station on the Louis-viUe and Nash-
vUle raUroad, fifty-three mUes from Louisville.
16

230 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA,
Before he was encamped in NoUn he was reinforced by
three more Indiana regiments— the Thfrtieth, Twenty-Ninth
and Thirty-Second,
The Thirtieth left Fort Wayne the 2d of October, amid
waving of handkerchiefs, beating of drums, sobs and tears,
blessings and prayers. It was detained a week in Indianapo
Us, where the regiment procured uniforms, and four compames
were provided with Enfield rifles. The Colonel, Sion S. Bass,
gave up a business which is one of the most lucrative of
mechanical employments, that of machinest, and wMch he
weU understood, to undertake a work, of which, Uke the ma
jority of his coadjutors, he knew nothing. He was intelUgent
and energetic, and had a noble uprightness, which won the
esteem and love of aU who knew him. Uniting in himself
the learner and teacher, he set to work with good "wUl and
good sense, and soon had both Ms men and himself in excel
lent training.
The Twenty-Ninth reported to Rousseau the day after the
Thfrtieth. It left LaPorte the 2d of October, without equip
ments. Four companies were armed and equipped m Indian
apoUs, and six in LouisviUe. John F. MUler, the Colonel, a
gentleman of modest and amiable disposition, and of fine
culture, his native abUity having had the tiaining of travel,
study and extensive reading, was a member of the State
Senate, and had a good law practice, but he promptiy relin
quished his practice, and resigned his seat in the Legislature,
when he conceived it to be his duty to volunteer.
The Thfrty- Second left Indianapolis the 28th of Septem
ber. As it marched through the streets on its way to the
raifroad, the steady, subdued, yet sturdy and manly bearing
of the men elicited a degree of admiration greater than had
been given to any other of the volunteers. Since the organ
ization of the regiment, August 24th, Colonel WilUch, assisted
by the subordinate officer and many of the men, who had re
ceived mUitary instiuction in Europe, had been indefatigable
in camp drUl,
Colonel WUUch was selected by his countiymen for his
present position as one of the most distinguished German
exiles in America. He began his mUitary career in the Prus-

THE THIRTY-SECOND. 231
siian army as a Captain of artUlery, but his sympatMes were
with the people, and at the brealdng out of the Revolution
of 1848 he espoused the cause of liberty, and became a Gen
eral in the service. In the United States he was for a time
employed in the coast survey; afterwards in Cincinnati he
edited a newspaper, which barely gave him support. On the
formation of McCook's German regiment he received the
appointment of Major; but, although several months in the
service, he had not received pay, when he was removed to the
Thirty-Second Indiana. His cfrcumstances were so strait
ened that he had not the means to buy a horse, and -when his
regiment made its last parade in Indianapolis, to the surprise
of the spectators, the Colonel accompanied it on foot
In the Thfrty-Second were twenty or thirty citizens of
Tennessee. They had been forced into the Confederate army
and had deserted. Making thefr way by night through northern
Tennessee and southern Kentucky, sometimes on foot, some
times in wagons, which were furnished by Union citizens,
they reached Indiana shortly before the completion of the
German regiment. They were men of respectable standing
and character, as Germans generally are, and they appreciated
Liberty, Law and Union, as tiue Germans must*
Passing through Madison and LouisvUle, the Thirty- Second
vent into camp near New Haven, Kentucky, where it re
mained a short time before moving towards EUzabethtown.
Colonel WiUich formed a pioneer corps of forty of his men,
providing them with wagons, and all the tools necessary for
pioneer service. The bodies of the wagons were so con
structed that they could answer for pontoons in bridging
small streams.
General Rousseau's brigade encamped on the farm of a
Mr, Nevin, to whom the presence of United States tioops
?'Shortly before the outbreak of the rebellion in the United States, a veh»-
SHent appeal for a union of the German States appeared in a newspaper of
Southern Germany. When the States were united, said the writer, when
tie government was one, Germany was the power of the world. Now, broken
in pieces, ruled by a score of petty princes, who are jealous of each other,
Suspicious of the people, and afraid of, neighboring nations, Germany is in
significant and contemptible. Union3 Union! is the agonized cry of every
true heart from tlie Alps to the Seal

232 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
was hateful. Returning good for evU, the soldiers gave his
name to the camp.
Ototober 11th a scouting party from the Thirty-Ninth In
diana was organized, under Lieutenant- Colonel Jones, to
scour the country in advance. It numbered forty officers and
men. On its first expedition it foUowed the raifroad south
fourteen mUes on foot, when, about two o'clock,, nearly one
half the party stopped at two houses, which were close to
gether, on the side of the road, for dinner,, the rest going on
in quest of something to eat.
The first party was waiting unpatiently for dinner to be
announced, when Captain Herring from the advance was seen
coming at full gallop, and in breatUess haste. Instantiy the
situation of the foremost scouts was surmised, muskets were
snatched up, and, scarcely waiting for a word of explanation,
the men dashed forward more than two mUes at fuU speed.
They found thefr comrades hotly engaged with upwards of
eighty Rebel soldiers, in and around the house of the landr
pfrate John A. MurreU, who died too soon for the glory that
awaited spfrits of his caUbre in the Southern Confederacy,
and under the command of John Morgan, who was now en
tering upon his career of guerrUla renown. Thus it is that
partial fame comes with open hand to one, wMle she leaves
another, whose heart is as bold, and whose arm is as stiong,
tp sink in ignominy or oblivion.
The advance had come upon Morgan's men as they were
about to sit down to a dinner provided by the wUUng hands
of Mrs, MurreU. Captafri Herring, being some distance in
front on horseback, crossed over an eminence, and came sud-
deiUy withm a few paces of the Rebel guards. They leveled
thefr guns, and he wheeled Ms horse at the moment they fired.
His cap faUing off, he caught it mider his arm, doubUng him
self down at the same time to avoid thefr aim, and escaping
unscathed. Colonel Jones, who was but a few rods behmd
with the twenty or twenty-five men of the squad, rushed up
to engage the Rebels, whUe Captain Herrmg gaUoped back
for the remainder of the scouts.
Unaware of the number of the approaching force, the
Rebels hastUy fled out of the house, mounted thefr horses,

ORGANEZATION OF SECOND DIVISION. 233
and reached the cover of bushes at a short distance, where,
concealed and protected, they stopped. Colonel Jones and
his men as hastUy entered the house, an old two-story log
building, and, knocking the plastering from the cracks up
stafrs and down, they fired between the logs into the bushes.
The Rebels returned the fire. The old lady scolded in a shriU
stream of angry words, and the engageraent for a few minutes
was hot. A ball stiuck a bucket of water close to Sergeants
Boring and Ogden, and knocked the bucket to pieces, but
nobody was hm-t in the fight, except Mrs. MurreU, who, as a
neufral and a lady, considered her rights invaded and her sen
sibilities wounded. Captain Hening brought his reinforce
ment up on the run, but was only in time to see the Rebels
disappear over a distant hUl.
The scouts returned to Camp Nevin about midnight, having
been unable to find other traces of the enemy.
The middle of October Brigadier General A. McD. McCook
assumed command of the ti-oops in Camp Nevin and its
vicinity, and organized them into brigades and a division,
¦which he caUed the Cential Division of the United States
Army. A month later, when General BueU assumed command of
the Department of Ohio, the division was re-organized, and
caUed the Second Division. It then contained four brigades,
under Rousseau, Wood, Johnson and Negley.
The Fourth Brigade, under General Rousseau, consisted
of the Ffrst Ohio, Fifth Kentucky, Sixth Indiana, and two
battalions of the Fifteenth and Nineteenth United States
infantry. The Fifth Brigade, under Colonel Wood, was composed
of the Twenty- Ninth and Thirtieth Indiana, Thfrty-Fourth
llinois and Seventy-Seventh Pennsylvania.
In the Sixth Brigade were the Fifteenth and Forty- Ninth
Ohio, the Thirty-Second and Thirty- Ninth Indiana.
In the Seventh Brigade were the Ffrst Wisconsin, Thfrty-
Eighth Indiana, Seventy-Eighth and Seventy- Ninth Penn
sylvania. Near Nolin creek, on which Camp Nevin was situated, the
land is roUing, but it setties down in a flat plain, which was

234 THE SOLDIEK OF INlflANA.
convement for miUtary instiuction. Here for several monthsi
was a vast school of volunteers. In squads and in companies,
in regiments and in brigades, the men were in action from
dayUght untU dark, acqufring gradually, but rapidly, the elas
ticity and precision which mark the movements of the dis
ciphned soldier. Picket duty was rigidly observed, and was
often dangerous, as during this period the enemy was in force
on the banks of Green river, his scouts daUy approached
within a few miles of our lines, and not seldom the thicket
near some lonely beat concealed a sly secessionist.
The tents were miserable wedge tents, incapable of givuig
comfortable shelter to three men, yet crowded with five and
six. Mud was deep and everywhere. The low, flat ground
wMch served so weU for parade and drUl did not dry after the
November rains began to faU, and seemed to breed disease
and death. Beautiful as was the sight of the soldiers on
parade; of the vv^hite tents spreading miles away, of the camp
fu-es stietcMng off to the horizon, the long months at Camp
Nevin were indescribably gloomy.
Measles, typhoid fever, pneumonia, dysentery were preva
lent, and were much oftener fatal than in home life. Com
fortless sickness, disconsolate death-beds, burials -with the
doleful waU of martial music and the presence of no weeping
woman — ^these are the foremost recoUections of the encamp
ments on NoUn creek.
December 10th General Johnson's brigade moved towards
the South, and encamped at night on Bacon creek. Lieuten
ant-Colonel Von Trebra, of the Thfrty-Second Indiana, pre
ceded the brigade, and went as far as MunfordsvUle, without
finding the enemy. The bridges on the route were aU de
stioyed, but Colonel WUlich's pioneers, under the dfrectioa
of Lieutenant Pietzuch, prevented the delay of artiUery and
wagons by the prompt erection of temporary bridges. On.
the 12th the entfre brigade reached MunfordsviUe.
The next day Colonel WUlich tMew two companies across
Green river to guard the approaches, while the remainder of
the regiment feU to work at a temporary bridge, toiling -with
the utmost vigUance. The stroke of the axe, the hum and
stfr of hurrying voice and foot never ceased a moment day

HOWLETT'S STATION.

235

or night, from the laying of the first plank to the bracing up
of the last. At noon of the 17th of December, thirty-six
hours from the beginning, the task was complete.
The troops guarding the approaches lay in a strip of woods
which ran along the base of a ridge in their front. Behind
them spread a bare flat, which slopes upward toward the river.
The banks of the river are high, the northern bank rising
somewhat above the southern. From the summit of both a
view of the flat, the woods and the hUl beyond is unob-
stiucted. Not more than a half hour after the workmen had left the
edge of the river, the pickets discovered evidences of the
vicinity, if not the approach, of the enemy. They dispatched
to the commandmg officer of the regiment inteUigence that
Rebel soldiers were in the woods to thefr front and rio-ht.
Colonel WiUich was a mUe or two back from the river, at
General Johnson's headquarters, but Lieutenant- Colonel Von
Trebra was at once on the alert. He ordered the pickets to
advance on the Rebels, and attack them if they stood thefr
ground. The two advanced companies moved rapidly for
ward in skfrmish line, the enemy faUing back before them,
untU suddenly a band of Texan Rangers galloped over the
hiU and saluted them -with a voUey. The pickets retm-ned
the fire, and for a moment scattered the horsemen, but fearing
an ambuscade they moved back. The Rangers, collecting
themselves, dashed in a body out of the woods into the open
plam towards the picket line, wMch was now somewhat with
drawn. The pickets met them steadily, drove them back and
pursued them.
The pm-suers, as they cautiously advanced, were checked
in turn by the approach of a large force of Rebel infantiy.
They retfred, hard pressed, but fighting as they feU back. The
bugle was sounded to call the disengaged companies of the
regiment to the front They rushed forward from the north
hank across the little bridge, so hastUy constructed, so oppor
tunely fimshed, and from the south bank, over the plain, and
up to the right and left flank of thefr steadfast countrymen;
all except company A, Captain Erdelmeyer, which was sent
round to the left to advance through the woods upon the flank

236 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
of the enemy. The new line, formed of nine companies,
moved forward and attacked the Rebel infantiy, tMowing it
mto confusion, and forcing it to retreat. As the infantry feU
back, the Rangers again swept down the hiU, shouting and
yeUing, but not ffring until they were -within fifteen paces
of the Federal line. The Federals also reserved thefr fu:e,
and the steady Germans and the wUd Texans could almost
look mto each other's eyes when they sent out sudden voUeys
from carbine, revolver and musket. Again the Rebels fell
back, only to raUy and return.
On the extieme left, Lieutenant Max Sachs, with a portion
of company C, advanced further than any other part of the
Federal Une, through the woods and into an open field, as if
daring the enemy to an almost personal combat. The rash
young officer moved to his own death. The Rangers met
him in overwhelming force, four to one. Ten of his men fell
with him, and all would have met a swift desti-uction had not
Adjutant Carl Schmidt and Colonel Von Trebra, each with
a company, marched to the right and left of the little band,
and vaUantly effected thefr deUverance. Forced back also
from the right, the Rebels endeavored to draw the Federals
up the hUl, close under a masked battery near the summit
StiU fearing an ambush. Von Trebra would aUow no forward
movement. He was content to hold his ground. The battery
was then unmasked, and opened ffre. But its fire was not
effective, and added only to the tumult.
Seizing the opportumty, Von Trebra re-arranged his Une,
deploying three companies as skfrmishers on the right, and
drawing up one, company G, in column for their support
The Une was scarcely formed when down came the Rangers,
striking with especial force against company F, which was
behind a fence. The company -withstood the blow, and held
the Rangers in check untU the latter crossing the fence threat
ened its rear. It then withdrew behind company G, which
was drawn up in a square. Captain WelschbUUg command
ing. FuU two hundred troopers dashed impetuously to
wards the front and left of the Uttie square. Motionless it
stood untU but sixty yards intervened, then it poured a fire
upon the Rebels which staggered them, and drove them back.

ROWLETT'S STATION. 237
The Rangers ralUed, and dashed do-wn, now on right and
front and leift Again the waUs of bristling steel repeUed
them, A third and last time, in bUnd bravery, the horsemen
threw themselves on the unbroken square. The dauntless
Germans watched the mad riders as they s-wiftly neared, then
poured upon them a ffre which feUed thefr leader, and scat
tered them so that they formed on that field no more.
Before they fled, and -whUe company F was retfring, and the
whole regiment seemed in imminent danger from two advan
cing regiments of Rebel infantiy, Colonel WilUch came gal
loping to the field. His bugler, at his order, sounded the
signal for retiring slowly, and the regiment was forming in
obedience to the order, when, startled by the unexpected ap
pearance of Captain Erdelmeyer, who at this moment moved
from cover as if to flank them, the Rebel artiUery and infantiy
joined in the flight of the cavah-y.
More than an hour the Thirty-Ninth Indiana and the Forty-
Ninth Ohio were witnesses of the combat. At the first alarm
they went double-quick over a mUe towards the Thfrty-Second,
crossing the river and forming on the high bank on the south
ern side. Like huntmg hounds straining at -the leash, or like
unhooded falcons struggUng in the jesses when the game is
within reach, they watched the desperate conflict. When the
cavahy Colonel fell, and the cavafrymen scattered and fled,
they gave vent to thefr almost intolerable emotions in a long,
exulting shout of relief. When the remainder of the Rebel
force foUowed the Texan Rangers, and the brave Thfrty-
Second turned and marched slowly and steadily towards the
river, the Thfrty-Ninth was allowed to move forward. It
moved as far as Rowlett's Station, and coUected arms, and
the dead and wounded from the battle-field.
The evenmg sun shone upon the solemn ceremonies of
burial. Colonel WiUich paid a toucMng and beautiful tiibute
to the dead, and every man of the regiment tMew a handful
of earth into the last resting place of the slain defenders of
freedom. The Rebel forces engaged were under General Hindman,
and consisted of eleven hundred infantry, four pieces of artU
lery and a battaUon of Texan Rangers, under Colonel Terry.

238 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
The Rebel loss was thirty-three kiUed and fifty wounded.
The Union loss was twelve Idlled, eighteen wounded, and
eight missing.*
General BueU acknowledged the merit of the Thfrty-Sec
ond Indiana in the affafr at Rowlett's Station in the foUowing
terms :
"The (7eneral tenders Ms thanks to tho officers and soldiers
of the regiment for thefr gaUant and efficient conduct on this
occasion. He commends it as a study and example to all
other ti-oops under his command, and enjoins them to emulate
the discipline and instiuction which insure such results.
" The name of Rowlett's Station -will be inscribed on the
regimental colors of the TMrty- Second Indiana regiment"
The day after General Johnson's brigade left Camp Nevin
the remainder of General McCook's division advanced twelve
mUes to Bacon's creek, where it encamped on high, roUing
ground. Springs of good water were abundant, the landscape
was pleasant, the afr was bracing, and from the moment of
arrival there was no more sickness or despondency among the
troops. A new day seemed to dawn. If the hospitals could
have been moved forward, many would have Uved who were
left to languish and die in the humid and hea-vy air of the
muddy plains near the NoUn.
December 17th, a fair, spring-Uke day, the division resumed
its march. General McCook and his staff, with his cavahy
escort, rode at the head of the column. The white covered
baggage wagons, with their guard of picked men, brought up
the rear. Low hiUs waUed in the road on either side, and
cast back the stiains of martial music, which, sweUing above
the hum and tiamp and rumbling of the army, di-owned all
thoughts but of manly action and of martial glory.
On nearing MunfordsviUe, the sullen roar of artiUery was
heard. At ffrst it was indistmct, soon it was loud and plam.
Sharp musketiy fiurmg broke on the heavy boommg. The
excitement of the soldiers grew with every step. Reachmg
thefr new campmg ground they flung off thefr knapsacks,
and, shouting as men never shout to enter thefr second battle,
* There are some discrepancies in the reports of casualties on both sides,

CAMP WOOD. 239
they formed in Une along the north bank of the river. They
waited an hour, but the fire slackened and ceased, the enemy
disappeared, and they had nothing of the conflict but a dis
tant view.
General McCook's division now encamped at Munfords
viUe, which became from this time a place of importance. It
is seventy miles south of LouisviUe, on the east side of the
raih-oad, and on the north bank of Green river, which is a swift
and beautiful stream, with high, steep banks. The country
is undulatmg, with alternate stietches of well cultivated farm
land and unbrokeft woodland. Corn and tobacco are the
chief growths of the fields, though a few smaU cotton planta
tions show an approach to the long summers of the South,
On the southern side of the river, on the turnpike, is Wood-
sonvUle, The population of the two places is not more than
six hundred. The raUroad bridge had been a superb struc
ture. It rested upon four massive piers, three of wMch were
eighty feet high, and the fourth, the only one which had its base
in the river, was about one hundred and twenty feet in height.
The southern end of tMs costly work was now a mass of
ruins, Repafrs were immediately commenced, and the bridge was
soon restored. Colonel WiUich's temporary bridge was super
seded at the same time by regular and substantial pontoons.
Much other labor was requfred of the soldiers during two
months that they lay at MunfordsvUle. They buUt field
works over a long Uns of frregular ground. They made a
new road. The picket Une was extensive, and the duty was
arduous, DaUy reconnoissances were made.
Several important organizations were made or completed,
A Pioneer Corps, on Colonel WUUch's system, was organized
and put under the contiol of Colonel Inms, of the Ffrst reg
iment of Michigan Mechanics and Engineers, A Signal
Corps was estabUshed, the object of which was to keep up a
communication -with different parts of the army, and to watch
and report the movements of the enemy. A PoUce Depart
ment, wliich had afready been partiaUy organized, was com
pleted, and Captafri Orris Blake, of the Thfrty-Ninth In
diana, was made Provost Marshal. Violations of public

240 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
order and aU questions of trade and passes were referred to
him, and managed by him with integrity and good sense.
Sibley tents were obtained. Quartermasters' suppUes were
procured in greater abundance than whUe the tioops lay at
Camp Nevin. Hospitals were more afry and more numerous.
Medical attendance was better, Ofiicers of every rank were
more famUiar with thefr duties, and the wheels of business
ran with less friction, MiUtary drUl did not occupy more than
half as many hours.
The drawbacks to comfort were few, but they were real.
The tents were stUl crowded, and, in consequence, unhealthy,
only five being aUowed to a company. The requfred labor
was very severe. The season was rainy, and the mud was
deep. But on the whole the condition of the Second Division
at Camp Wood on Green river was much more comfortable
than it had previously been, and its affafrs were admimstered
in such a manner as to fit it for futm-e usefulness and promi
nence in the army. *

JOURNEY TO DICK ROBINSON, 241

CHAPTER XXH.
THE THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT.
"Hoi soldiers to your gallant rest,
Your truth aud valor bearing ;
The bravest are the tenderest,
The loving are the daring."
When on Sunday, the 29th of September, church-goers in
Indianapolis paused on the stieet to look at the Thfrty- Thfrd
regiment, as it marched towards the raUroad to set out for
Kentucky, they expressed an unusual degree of mterest and
anxiety. The regiment was weU dressed and well armed.
The stout frames, and fresh, healthy, honest faces of the
farmer boys who filled the irregular ranks, showed the best
of material, but their bearing displayed an utter lack of mU
itary ijistruction. They had been in camp little more than a
week. Even thefr number was not yet complete, and of the
eight hundred and twenty-five whose names were on the roUs
one hundred were off on furlough. But the summons was
as imperative as it was sudden, and if it had not been, no tiue
Indianian could delay with Kentucky in hourly danger,
AU along the route the men were met by shouting crowds,
with hands and basketsfuU of good things, LouisvUle espe
ciaUy bestowed favors on them. The universal welcome
added greatly to the zest with which the untraveled enjoyed
the journey. In Lexington many of the regiment hastened
from the depot to visit the lofty monument of Henry Clay.
Pity for the memory of the dead would have given a shade
of sadness to the reverence -with which they stood round the
great man's grave, had they known that James B. Clay was
at that moment, and in that town, -within sight of his father's
tomb, a prisoner for disloyalty.
At NicholasvUle, twelve miles south of Lexington, the rail
road was abandoned, and the tiamp to Camp Dick Robinson

242 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
began. Knapsacks were heavy, but thefr weight only made
the reaUzation of being off for the war more entfre. This
march was tMough the beautiful blue-grass countiy of which
Lexington is the center. Pastures and groves, with the under-
gro-wth all cleared away, long lines of white fences, large, old
mansions, with soft green sward stietcMng down from the
doors, aU bespoke an age and dignity to vsrhich the countiy in
Indiana had not yet attained.
Kentucky river, -with its steep cliffs clad in stunted cedar,
its rugged rocks mastered by the smooth, vidnding turnpike,
and with its stories of Daniel Boone, Robinson Crusoe's only
rival in the affections of a bold Hoosier boy, had a different
but not less deUghtful charm.
General Nelson, in choosing a stiong position for Ms camp,
had selected one of the most picturesque spots in Kentucky,
It lay in the angle formed by the Kentucky and Dick rivers,
but at a distance from thefr almost precipitous banks, and on
gentiy roUing, highly cultivated lands. Men and tents and
banners and unrestiained enthusiasm gave to the scene a life
and warmth which stamped it ineffaceably among the recol
lections of the arriving soldiers.
The Kentuckians and Tennesseeans afready in camp were
not fully organized, nor entfrely equipped. The Tennesseeans
were poorly clothed, were gaunt, and pale, and haggard. In
effecting their escape fi-om thefr own State they had endured
almost incredible hardships, and had been exposed to terrible
risk; they had left their famUies in poverty and danger, and
were extiemely anxious for an immediate advance upon Gen
eral ZoUicoffer, and an immediate effort to free East Tennes
see from the contiol and presence of the Confederates.
Shortiy after the arrival of the Thfrty- Thfrd at Camp Dick
Robinson, General LesUe Coombs, a loyal Kentucltian, sev
enty years old, but warm-hearted as a boy, visited the soldiers
and encouraged them to persevere in the punishment of
treason. After talldng with different regiments aU day, he
was caUed out at night by a crowd of all on the ground. He
addressed them, saying he was not astonished to see Ohio and
Indiana tioops in the center of Kentucky. He had been
wounded in defending thefr mothers and grand-mothers at

CRAB ORCHARD. 243
River Raisin and Fort Meigs, and tMough the Maumee val
ley, from the scalping knife of the savage; he stiU carried a
buUet which he received then, and he had been expecting the
grand-chUdren of those OMo and Indiana women to come
down in tmn and defend the mountain gfrls of Kentucky from
the worse than savages that dared to cross their border.
General ZoUicoffer, already many miles north of Cumber
land Gap, was ravaging the hilly region in the southeastern
part of Kentucky. It was of the utmost importance that he
should not be aUowed to cross or to approach the Kentucky
river, to strengthen by the presence of his army the secession
sentiment among the rich and disorderly young men of that
region. His stay among the hUls had the contrary effect of
sfrengthening to violence the Union feeling in resistance to the
oppression of the southern invaders ; yet it was an imperative
duty to relieve the oppressed mountaineers at the earUest
|)ossible moment. From Camp Dick Robinson the main road
leads dfrectly to Cumberland Gap, through Lancaster, Stan
ford, Crab Orchard, Mount Vernon, London and Barbours-
ville. Another route, a little to the east, unites with this a
few mUes north of London.
General Thomas was making vigorous preparations to
thwart the designs of ZoUicoffer by taldng possession of these
roads. He sent Colonel Garrard with his regiment, a Ken
tucky regiment, to Rockcastle HiUs, thirty miles southeast of
Dick Robinson. He advanced other bodies of troops to points
in the rear of Garrard, among them the Thirty-Thfrd to Crab
Orchard, a little old vUlage, situated among hUls and min
eral springs, and called from the natural growth which once
covered the hills and valleys of the region. Until the present
year it had been a favorite summer resort for many Tennes
see and Mississippi famUies, and for their accommodation it
possessed two or three large hotels, and around the springs a
number of comfortable cottages.
On its way to Crab Orchard, the Thirty-Thfrd passed a
negro church during the time of service, Distm-bed by the
tiamp and hum, the Uttie congregation poured out, and has-
tened -with respectful but eager interest to the side of the road,
the preacher conspicuous by his gray hafr and dignified de-

244 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA,
meanor. One of the foremost soldiers gravely stepped from
the ranks, grasped the old man's hand with a hearty " How
are you?" then moving back to his place, resumed his march.
The act was contagious. Every man behind him did the
same thing, in the same orderly manner. The preacher, bow
ing and smUing, extended his old black hand with the ur
banity and digmty of a President, whUe the faces of his
congregation shone -with the warmth of thefr welcome to
"Linkum's men," and with gratification forthe attention be
stowed on thefr spfritual leader.
Crab Orchard was the terminus of the turnpUte. From
that point the road was rough, broken and narrow, and en
tirely without bridges. It wound among rocks, hung on the
edge of precipitous ridges, plunged abruptly into ravines,
dashed recklessly tMough stieams, and scorned iraprovement
or change, except under winter rains and summer suns.
The Thfrty- Thfrd encamped two mUes south of Crab
Orchard. It was scarcely established when Colonel Coburn
received inteUigence from the commander of the Kentucky
tioops, twenty-two mUes beyond Crab Orchard, that they
were in imraediate danger of an attack from the whole of
ZoUicoffer's force, which was not more than eight or ten mUes
distant frora thefr front. As it was impossible to move his
regiment with rapidity over the mountain road. Colonel Co-
burn procured all the horses he could find, only about forty,
and with this number of mounted men hastened to the threat
ened point. At Rockcastle river Colonel Garrard met hun,
and represented that it might he possible to bring up his reg
iment in time for an encounter -with the enemy, and that it
,was not possible for the Kentucky soldiers -without aid to offer
any resistance. He had but six hundred effective men, num
bers of his regiment being sick -with measles, or from the ex
posure to which they were yet unaccustomed.
Accordingly Colonel Coburn went back, and as the Gov
ernment wagons which accompanied the regiment to Crab
Orchard had returned to Dick Robinson, he impressed uito
the service the teams of neighboring farmers.
Eajrly the next mormng, Saturday, the 18th of October,
eight companies, -with baggage and ammunition, took up the

WILD CAT. I 245
line of march. They were overtaken by three hundred and
fifty of Wolford's Kentucky cavalry, and by Brigadier Gen
eral Schoepf, a distinguished Hungarian exile, who, having
entered the United States service, and having been ordered
to Camp Dick Robinson, was by General Thomas dfrected
to hasten forward and take command of the forces advanced
towards ZoUicoffer, With the utmost speed they were not
able to reach the ground untU Sunday afternoon.
The Seventeenth Ohio, which had had charge of an out
post to the left, had already arrived, and there were now nearly
four regiments assembled in one of the most rugged spots
among the Rockcastle hUls, Colonel Garrard's encampment,
which Ms men, with reference to the fierce aspect of the re
gion, caUed " Camp Wild Cat," was on an eminence a little
west of the road. The Seventeenth Ohio was posted on^
another hill east of the road. Both positions commanded
the road. Having approved of this disposition of the tioops
which had already arrived. General Schoepf divided the In
diana regiment into two parts, and sent four companies under
Lieutenant- Colonel Henderson to a hill on the extreme right,
a mUe to the east of the camp ; the remaining four companies'
he dfrected Colonel Coburn to lead to an eminence on the-
extieme left, a half mUe southeast of the camp.
This latter hUl was, perhaps, four hundred feet high, round;
rough, steep and woody, with an open space of several acres
on the top.
It was seven o'clock in the morning. Colonel Coburn,,
with Captains DUle, Hauser, McCrea and Hendricks, and
with less than four hundred men, started immediately in a
round trot across the ravine which lay between them and the
pomt designated. Mounting the hiU, Coburn deployed his-
men as skfrmishers on the top, behind a slight breastwork of
logs, and on the side among the trees.
In twenty minutes the advanced troops of the enemy, who
had also been racmg for this point, began firing. One of the
first buUets entered the breast of a private, Louis McFarren.
Putting his hand on the wound, he said to his Captain, " They
have killed me!"
Ten minutes after, the Confederates appeared in great num-
17

246 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA
bcrs a half mile to the south. They were a half hour passing
an open space in the road. Very soon they drew near, under
cover of a wood, wMch entirely concealed them untU they
were withui a hundred and thfrty yards of the hiU top, when
they began ffring, at the same time fiUing the woods, which
an hour before were utterly sUent, with ferocious and deaf
ening yeUs. At this moment the round hUl was reinforced by
Colonel Wolford -with two hundred and fifty of his cavahy,
-without their horses. The hot ffring from Rebel guns, and
stiU more the fearful screaming from thousands of Rebel
throats, threw the new-comers off thefr guard. They wavered
and turned to run. Colonel Wolford, Colonel Coburn, Cap
tain DUle and Adjutant Durham sprang before them, raUied
them, and caUed their courage into action.
Suddenly the enemy leaving the cover of the woods charged
boldly through a cornfield, up the hUl. They were met and
scattered by a galUng fire. RaUying, they came up again,
and after a furious fight of about an hour retieated, leaving
on the field some of their dead and wounded.
About the close of the engagement four companies of the
Seventeenth Ohio came on the MU, and eagerly formed in line
of battle, pursuing the enemy with their ffre.
As soon as the Confederates disappeared, the Union tioops
feU to work to fortify the hill, and they continued at the work
during the greater part of the day and night, " slaying more
timber in that time," the Kentuckians said, "than the whole
State had cut down in a year."
About two o'clock another reinforcement was received— a
company from the Fourteenth Ohio — and at the same time
another unsuccessful attack was made by the enemy. Later
the Fourteenth and Thfrty-Eighth Ohio, the Tennessee regi
ments and Standart's battery arrived. Just as the heavy
artiUery was dragged up the hiU, the enemy made the third
and last approach. TMee rounds from the battery drove
him back.
AU was now still untU about two in the morning, when it
was plain that ZoUicoffer's camp was in motion. The tioops
in every quarter stood ready to receive him, but no demon-

«,ESULT OF THE BATTLE. 247
sttation was made. Daylight revealed the Confederates in
rapid movement towards the South.
The Rebel loss was about one hundred. The Union dead
and wounded about half as many.
The Kentuckians in the region reckoned the loss in the
battie and on the retreat, during which ZolUcoffer was repeat
edly fired on from the roadside by the exasperated mountain
eers who had suffered in his advance, at not less than one
thousand. They were greatly excited, however, by the inva
sion, and, in the want of newspaper reports, heard with cre-
duUty the exaggerations of rumor.
The battle of WUd Cat needed no alteration of circum
stances to make it a remarkable affair. In the ffrst ensraee-
ment six hundred raw troops, not one of whom, officers or
men, excepting the Adjutant, had ever had either miUtary
experience or instiuction, untU within a month, drove back
two complete regiments with almost no loss to themselves.
ZoUicoffer's whole force consisted of six thousand infantiy,
sixteen hundred cavafry and one battery of artillery. The
whole National force was two thousand two hundred infantiy,
three hundred and fifty cavafry and one battery of artUlery.
It was the first battle in Kentucky, and, therefore, decided
many who had been wavering.
The danger to Colonel Garrard's regiment had been sudden
and immment The succor was prompt and complete. The
blue^grass country was now, for a time, closed against attack,
and safety was secured to cential, northern and the greater
part of southern Kentucky.
Coionel Coburn's conduct during the battle won the con
fidence of Ms men. " He always seemed so easy," said one
of his soldiers afterward, "that I thought he would not be
brave. But I teU you he showed himself clear grit" " I was
skeiered to death," added another; " I could have run behind
wagons or anything, tiU I saw the Colonel's face. Something
there put the spfrit into me. AU the time the buUets were
whistUng and whizzing and tearmg every way, not minding
a bit who they hit, he walked round jast as cool as anythmg.
Only Ms eyes fafrly blazed."
WhUe he was raUying the flying Kentuckians, it is said that

248 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Colonel Coburn found a number skulking behind a stumpv
" PUe out! PUe out, boys," he cried ; " it don't take seventeen
men to guard a black stump."
The Adjutant also distinguished himself. Captain Hauser
had a finger shot ; he ran to the surgeon, had it amputated,
and hastened back to the field.
Colonel Coburn complimented in his report aUthe Captains
enga-ged, and the men as not less brave.
One of the privates, Jacob Memherter, gained a mckname
which stuck to him. He stationed himself, in the heat of the
engagement, behind a log, and did much execution with Ms
rifle. He was peeping over, taking aim, when a buUet stiuck
the log a few inches from him, knocking dust and splinters
in his face. "-BuUy for Jake!" he said, and coolly took an
other position. BuUy-for-Jake, as the man was afterwards
caUed, was a brave soldier, except when he met -with the
bottie. One Of the prisoners was wounded raortaUy in the head.
He refused the food offered him, fancying it was poisoned,
and spent every painful breath he drew in cursing the aboU-
tiomsts. Such an exhibition of hatred was then novel, and
excited much attention and conversation.
Another prisoner, after a month or two in the hospital, de
clared he " never would have fit if he had known the war
wasn't made by aboUtiomsts to take the niggers away." This
last man had a splendid physical development, but was an
utter animal. With his sharp eyes glancing out from his
bushy hair and beard, his wide, distended nostrUs, and his
quick, watchful motions, his head looked like that of an in-
teUigent and hungry dog. He refused the offer of a good-
natured Union soldier to teach him to read, whUe he was in
the hospital, and seemed qmte resigned to a crippled and
ignorant Ufe, though he was not more than twenty-five years
old. Brutal and bloated he was a disgusting and melancholy
spectacle of uninformed, undeveloped manhood;, secession
ladies came to visit him, threw their arras round him and
kissed him for what he had suffered in the cause of slavery.
Generd ZoUicoffer's troops did not rest untU eighteen mUes
were between them and tiiefr foes. An. immediate pursuit

CUMBERLAND -GAP EXPEDITION. 249
would have destioyed them; but it was not practicable, as
all the men at Wild Cat, except Colonel Garrard's six hun
dred, had reached the scene of action only by forced marches,
and were now so exhausted that rest was an absolute neces
sity. No long stay, however, was made. A week after the
battle General Schoepf 's brigade, which was the whole force
at Wild Cat, moved towards Cumberland Gap, But, on ar
riving at London, it was again exhausted, and again rest was
an absolute necessity. No class of men in the brigade was
so worn out as were the young men from farms. Being un
used to irregular hours, to exposure, to privation or over toil,
accustomed to homes than which none in the land were more
comfortable, and to tables bountifully spread, they had little
power of endurance. Many also were now for the first time
exposed to diseases to which the inhabitants of cities are sub
jected in chUdhood, The number of sick became very large,
in several regiments amounting to one hundred, in the Thirty-
Third to one hundred and eighty-nine, and the halt in London
was prolonged a month. The Uttie town with the encamp
ments round it seemed to be one great hospital. To add to
the discomfort supplies were scarce, as roads were almost too
bad to aUow of tiansportation, and the country was too poor
to furnish anything.
Great numbers of heroic Unionists fi-om East Tennessee,
among them preachers, judges, legislators and Congressmen,
joined the troops in London. Led to believe, by the victory
at WUd Cat, and by successes which General Nelson had
gained in the extieme eastern part of Kentucky, that Gen
eral Schoepf 's brigade would soon enter Tennessee, they had
stolen over the mountains, hunted on the w^ay like wolves,
a reward offered for their scalps, their comrades shot dead
in their ti-acks, to hasten the Union advance. Thefr hearts
were on ffre, and they urged and entieated that there might
be no delay. As the time dragged its slow length along, they
impatiently repeated, " Must we forever stay and guard Ken
tucky? ShaU we never go back to our homes, to our un
protected families? Wait to be disciplined! Wait to be
drilled! How can men, smarting under every insult and
injury that can be heaped upon them, quietly submit to learn

250 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
discipUne and drUl? " With their feces towards thefr native
mountains, these men, pennUess, sick and in rags, earnestly
and solemnly affirmed they would go back no further; they
would wait little longer; they would advance alone if the
Union army would not adv^ance -with them.
One Sunday evening, to a home-sick group which sur
rounded him, a Tennessee Captain read aloud from the
sixty-eighth Psalm: "God setteththe soUtary in fanuUes, He
bringeth out those wMch are bound -with chains; but the
rebellious dweU in a dry land." No honest soul can resist
the marvellous sweetness of Scripture, and the words were
balm. Early in the evenmg of November 13th, after the sick, on
thefr heaps of straw, for they had no beds, were prepared for
the night, and while the weU, or the so-caUed, around thefr
camp-fires were taUdng and coughing, orders were received
for an immediate march. The sick -were included. The bag
gage and stores, such as could not convemently be carried,
were to be left.
In the camp orders to march were construed as orders to
advance, perhaps to an immediate attack on ZolUcoffer; in
consequence preparations were made -with alacrity, especially
by the Tennesseeans, eager to return to the rescue or the sup
port of their famUies, The brUUant engagement at WUd Cat
encouraged them to hope for another and a decisive victory,
one that would force the arbitrary and cruel Rebel authorities
in East Tennessee to leave the State.
But in the hospitals, where nearly a thousand sick were
hmTiedly rolled up, and packed in the clumsy hearse-Ulic am
bulances, and in open wagons, the order was understood, and
was explained only by the supposition that the enemy, near ,
at hand, was ready to swoop down and annihUate the brigade.
Notwithstanding this supposition, earnest remonsfrances
against the movement were made. The surgeons entreated
that the very sick might be left behind. In vain ; orders were
imperative; and aU were prepared but a few who were neaa-
death. These unhappy men entieated thefr comrades not to
abandon them, and watched the arrangements for departure
with agonized eyes.

THE DEAD MARCH. 251
Before the tiOops were fafrly off they began to understand
the order, and to denounce the movement. The Tennesseeans
showed a mutinous spfrit They asserted that they would
not give up a foot of the ground that had been conquered;
that their famiUes were dying of stai-vation ; that they would
desert; they would go back to Tennessee at all hazards ; they
would no longer .be tampered with. Some of these poor
exUes thre-w themselves on the ground weeping with vexation
and grief.
The Fourteenth Ohio moved off first, its band playing
"The Dead March." The Seventeenth Ohio feU in behind,
and, when the band ceased, struck up a paraphrase of a song
which was improraptu at Wild Cat. One verse of the ori
ginal is , "Old ZoUicoffer can't take us,
Can't take us, can't take us,
On a long summer's day."
On the present occasion it was sung:
"Old ZoUicoffer can't catch us,
Can't catch us, can't catch us,
'Cause we're running away."
Each regiment was foUowed by its baggage and procession
of invaUds. The Tennesseeans at last feU in behind the Sev-
.enteenth Ohio, some saying they would foUow the flag where
ever it went, but adding, "It's hard on Tennesseeans, boys;"
some swearing fiercely, others pale and silent. In the first
fom- miles more than a hundred left the ranks, insensible to
exhortations or threats, and, weeping or sullen, stood and
watched the lurabering ti-ain.
The Thfrty-Eighth Ohio followed. The Thfrd Kentucky
refused to raove. The Thirty-Thfrd Indiana brought up the
rear. Next to the Tennesseeans, the Indiamans formed the
most momnful part of the procession. No band, and no sing
ing, no joking, and no talking, were heard in thefr ranks. The
great number of sick depressed the spfrits of all. Thefr
blankets, made by dishonest contractors, half of cotton, were
double the proper weight. On the best of roads, and in the
best of cfrcumstances, they would have been heavUy loaded.
As it was, after the first hour, thefr weariness was sufficient to
warrant a halt But on they trudged tUl, near dayUght, they

252 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
overtook thefr more cheerful Ohio comrades, who had been
resting since midnight.
The weather, wMch, during the past month, had been fafr
and warm, turned cold in the night, and a steady, chUUng
November rain began to faU. The soldiers were roused from
their tired sleep to fmd thefr blankets, clotMng and knapsacks
saturated with water.
Rockcastle river, just north of WUd Cat, was swoUen by
the rain, and the soldiers of the Thirty-Thfrd were obUged to
stand in mud which was over thefr shoe-tops, soraetimes up
to thefr knees, until evening, when thefr turn came to cross.
Rain all the time poured down, and the sick lay in their wet
blankets, or sat in pools of water which had dripped from
thefr clothes. Their beds that night were in the mud, -with
only the rainy sky above them.
The sun came out the next day, but the tiamp was stUl
through cold November mire. The soldier's life is a life of
hardship ; yet few days have ever seen so worn and pale a
multitude of armed men as were on the march this day. Here
and there a soldier sat, with livid Ups and closed eyes, on a
log, or on the ground, leaning against a tiee or fence for rest
Colonel Coburn walked much of the way, to let others ride
his horse. The officers were aU kind, refusing even to see
insubordination. In the evening of Noveraber 15th, with the sick now num
bering two hundred and fifty, the vn-etched Thirty-Third
reached the old caraping ground, and again slept -without tents,
and in the cold and damp.
The Ohio tioops, starting in advance, in better spirits, -with
a sraaUer number of sick, in better general health, and reach
ing the point of destination first, suffered neither the physical
nor mental prostiation which reduced the Indiana regiment
to the verge of destiuction. The Tennessee soldiers showed
90 mutinous a spfrit that they were allowed to return after
they had marched twenty-four mUes.
The order for retieat was occasioned by a report which
reached General Schoepf that General Johnson was advanc
ing rapidly frora BowUng Green with a force that would de
stioy hun. There was not a shadow of a foundation for the

CRAB ORCHARD A HOSPITAL. 253
report Not only no moveraent was made from Bowling
Green towards the East, but ZoUicoffer was actuaUy running
away at the same time that our forces were hurrying off in
the opposite dfrection.
In the battie of WUd Cat the Thfrty-Thfrd lost but five,
while, as the imraediate result of this retieat, between fifty
and sixty of the regiment died; and before the next summer
a large but unknown number from disease occasioned by the
retieat Thefr graves are among those desolate Kentucky
hUls, in the Uttie lonesome town of Crab Orchard, and in
many an Indiana grave-yard.
Crab Orchard became a general hospital. The taverns
were full of the sick, the cottages around the springs, the
school house, the two churches and many private houses.
The encampments all resounded with a hoarse, hoUow, heavy
coughing, which he who heard can never forget. One
made a sorry jest of it, saying "they coughed by platoons, in
volleys rattUng quick and hollow, like the musketry at WUd
Cat." Colonel Coburn, after a few days' absence, returned
to find more than five hundred of his men sick, and but few
more than one hundred fit for duty.
" When he went round among the boys," said one of his
soldiers afterwards, " and saw how they were lymg on heaps
of straw, with nothing, not the smallest thing, to make them
comfortable, lying and dying that way, he just cried like a
chUd." Unfortunately, the Colonel himself was taken down with
typhoid fever, and lay long at the point of death. The sur
geons and all the officers were most kmd and attentive to the
sick; the men who acted as nurses did what they could to
aUeviate suffering. The people of Crab Orchard, the few
that are patiiots, and some ladies m the countiy, in the course
of time, gave food, clothmg and beds. Mrs. Henderson, the
wife of the Lieutenant- Colonel, Mrs. Captain Hendricks, and,
before tlie Ulness and after the recovery of her husband, Mrs.
Coburn devoted themselves to the sick. But for many weeks
thefr presence and thefr labor was all they could give, with
such of their clothing as they could tear up for bandages,
pillow-cases, sheets and towels.

254 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Crab Orchard was so out of the Une of dfrect communica
tion with any place of importance, that it was after the middle
of December when the condition of the Thirty-Thfrd became
known. Every church in Indiana then put up prayers for
our brave, suffering men. Individuals went from several
towns for thefr reUef, among them Dr. Wright, of Martins
ville, whose kindness and patience were inexhaustible, .Great
quantities of comforts and deUcacies were sent by ladies from
various points.
In the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis the
minister on Sunday read a request from the Chaplain of the
Thirty-Thfrd for several hundred hymn books and CromweU
Bibles. A voice in the gaUery answered, " The amount is
subscribed." The gentleman who spoke went the next day
to Cincinnati, roused the pubUshers at night, bought and
packed and sent off the books before Ught
Miss Bettie Bates, who afterwards spent many months in
miUtary hospitals, and whose name is now a famUiar and be
loved word to hundreds of veteran soldiers, went to the Thirty-
Thfrd on her first pUgrimage of reUef to the suffering. Bred
in ease and indulgence, yet forbidden by an over-fond father
to exercise her talent in a congenial way, she had hitherto been
afflicted -with nothing to do, and had felt herself "caniedon
a cushion -with hands and feet bound." Her father's consent
was now gained, and with great boxes of bedding, clothing,
fruits, books and pictures, but -with nothing so good as her
own hands and feet, her sharp wit and her generous purse, she
hastened gladly to her work.
The fathers and brothers of the sick soldiers, however
anxious they might feel, were bound to thefr homes by double
care since the war commenced ; yet some, who seldom left
thefr farms, and had never been out of thefr native State,
found thefr way now to the hUls of Kentucky.
The midnight coach of Crab Orchard brought a plaui, old
farmer, whose son had long been UI. In answer to a timid
inqufry, the father was reUeved to hear that the invaUd was
stUl living. In the morning, bright and early, he presented
himself at the door of the cottage in which his boy lay. On
the bed was a breathing skeleton. Was that the boy who so

SOLDIER NURSES. 255
stiong and hearty left his home not four months before? The
old man scarcely knew. Afflicted and bewUdered, he dropped
on his knees by the bedside. But the sick eyes knew him,
the emaciated arms found thefr way to his neck, and a feeble
voice stammered, " I never knew before how good it was to
have a Pap!"
" My brother has come!" eagerly exclaimed one who had
been at death's door, but was recovering, to one of the ladies
who waited on hira. His eyes filled with tears as he added,
" He's the poorest brother I've got, too. I'U remember it of
him the longest day I live."
Want of physical stiength seemed to intensify feeling.
The patient sufferers embraced in their affection all that had
been part of their past. The dear, old State of Indiana
represented to them aU which was good and beautiful. "You
ought not to eat that jeUy," a nurse said, in surprise, to one
who, -with pain and difficulty, was swallowing spoonfuls of
jeUy, administered by a brother fresh from home. " Oh, let
me," entieated the sick man; "it was sent to me from old
Indiana!" In his beloved Indiana his poor body now rests,
sleepMg the long, painless sleep of death.
The men, who were detaUed to act in the capacity of nurses,
v/ere as gentle and tender and patient as brothers. It was
affecting to see robust, sturdy arms, all unused to tendance
on the sick, -wrapped round a feeble creature whose face was
wan and worn, and whose fingers were like bfrds' claws, the
sturdy arms stiiving to ease the poor back which had so long
ached on hard straw; to see broad, healthy hands smoothing
the hafr, or softly bathing the pallid faces of the dying, and
to hear rough voices, toned down to womanly softness, speak
of mother or sister, or of the blessed Saviour of sinners.
These kind nurses slept on the bare floor or pew without
pUiow or blanket, and day and night breathed the poisoned
hospital afr, even eating thefr plain meals in a corner of the
church or large roora which held the sick.
One day a young man, a stalwart fellow, but -with a face
as gentle and fafr as a gfrl's, stood leaning on a broom with
which he had been sweeping, and looMng intently out of the
"Window. His expression attiacted. -the attention of a lady

256 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA,
who was in the hospital, and she appoached him. "The poor
soldier," he said, when he saw that she was near ; " the poor
soldier, I ara sorry for hira, if I ara one myself." Before the
door of the opposite house were ranged two files of soldiers,
and through the passage others were carrying a coffin.
Music and the firing of artUlery were early forbidden, on
account of the depressing influence the soleran and oft-re
peated sounds had on the sick, and now in sUence the dead
were borne to the grave-yard and laid away in the earth.
Another time this same nurse said to the lady, " I thought
you would like to know that I am a meraber of the church,"
" I am glad to know it," she replied. " Yes," he continued,
"I joined four years ago, and I have never sworn a word
since," A good many of the young men were pious. Joseph
Drake was sick a long time, but he was always uncomplain
ing. A lady who feared he was going to die asked, " Is he a
good man?" "If ever there was a good man," answered one
of the boys, who was from the same part of the country,
"it's Joe Drake. He was a class leader in Hope. He's a
scholar, too, Joe is. He was in college there in Hope four
years. His father's very well off. He has a good farm, and
Joe is used to having things comfortable. It's been hard on
Joe, this soldier's life ; but he knew it -would be, BefOre ever
he volunteered he said he didn't believe he could stand the
hardship ; ' he never was very stout," " Why did he volunteer
then?" "Oh, Joe isn't the kind to turn his back on his coun
tiy. He said it was a righteous cause, and he wouldn't shfrk.
What life he had he'd give freely."
The next night Drake was so low that one of the nurses
watched beside him till morning, bathing his parched lips,
-wiping the death-sweat from his forehead, and listening to
his broken sentences. In the middle of the night the sick
man said to his corapanion, " I've got a furlough." " Have
you?" exclairaed the other in surprise; "they'll be mighty
glad at home." " It's not for that home," repUed the dying
man; "it's for that," looking upward. At nine o'clock in the
mormng the angel of death brought the furlough, aud the

CORRESPONDENCE. 257
soldier of the Union, who was also a soldier of the Cross,
went to his heavenly home.
Two extracts frora private letters, -written by a lady nurse
in Crab Orchard, give a faithful and unstudied tiibute to the
inmates of the hospitals :
"No, I ara not as you say an ^ exile of patiiotism.' The
men are friends and acquaintances, and the work is only hard
and sad because it is terrible to see these brave feUows suffer.
I want to do it above everything. I never was half so happy
in aU my life. Of course Mrs.  envies me, for what
woman now-a-days does not sicken of a life at home, safe but
not happy, because aU we hold dear is at stake? It is the
best blessing God ever gave me, to let me come and help in
the only way a woman can. If I may only have this work
untU the war is over, and the strength to do it, I wiU never
complain of anything again. I would buy the privUege with
the happiest hour and memory I have.
" There is less sickness now, only one hundred and fifty
very sick, though many are on duty who are really what we
should call very sick at home. The Lieutenant-Colonel's wife
is a good nurse, and is now here, so we are comparatively
weU fixed. TeU  her bump of order would never quit
aching if she had to cook a week in a Kentucky kitchen.
'Where is the tea-kettle?' ' Won't dat da pot do ? ' 'liaven't
you got a tea-kettle ? ' ' Yes, Missus, but Aunt Sue's bilin'
close in it ; better take de pot.' 'Very well ; give me the cover.
What's in it?' 'De lard I jis done fried out. Missus.' The
lard is poured into a mUk-pan; Peggy sends Maria to bon-ow
Aunt Jinny's dish-rag; BUI tells Jim to send Uncle Spencer
to the barn for soap, and finally Hoosier fists conquer impos-
sibiUtics, and I get a cup of tea for a sick man after he has
waited an hour for it."
"Oh, how brave and patient these men are! In aU the
suffering I have seen I have never heard the first regret at the
giving up of home and health and life itself for the country.
When I have tried to find out, the spfrit of the answer has
almost invariably been, ' What I have done I would do again,
even if it brought me here ! ' This is a great deal when these
men beUeve their terrible sickness was the result of the drunken

258 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
mistake of one officer, and the abominable inhumanity of
the General in command,"
In connection with a notice of the Thirty-Thfrd, but -with
reference to aU the soldiers of Indiana, Henry Ward Beecher
says in the Independent of February 20, 1862:
" Indiana came out of the Mexican war with a cloud on
her fame for valor. It was always bitterly felt. The privates
declared that bad officers were the cause of thefr disgraceful
retreat. They have justified themselves in this war. No
State has done better than Indiana, and no troops have fought
with more skiU and indomitable bravery. Every spot is gone
from her escutcheon. Indiana has no cause of shame for her
noble sons!"

THE TENTH REGIMENT, 259

CHAPTER XXIII,
INDIANA SOLDIERS MOVING TO THE RESCUE OF KENTUCKY.
"A place in the ranks awaits you,
Each man has some part to play;
The Past and the Future are nothing
In the face of the stern To-day." —A
The Tenth regiment left Indiana and entered Louis-vUle
the 22d of September. It was received with aU the rejoicing
a city on the brink of destruction might be expected to feel
and to show to its deUverers. After being arraed and equip
ped, the regiment proceeded to Bardstown, whence five hun
dred Rebels fled as it approached. Many of the inhabitants
of Bardstown were either lukewarm Uniomsts or outspoken
Secessionists, and they looked upon the Federal troops of In
diana with suspicion and aversion. Even loyal citizens
watched the deportment of the regiment with Ul-concealed
anxiety. Hostility was graduaUy overcorae, fear quieted and
anxiety aUayed, according to the report of the regiraent and
of the LouisviUe Journal.
"The Tenth Indiana," said the latter, "is a tiied regiment,
and distinguished itself in West Virginia for bravery at Rich
Mountain and other places. By order of the General Gov
ernment it has found its place among us. When it ffrst made
its appearance, people felt great dread that more of their
'rights' might be taken from them, but all now testify life and
property are more secure than before. At the present time
nothing would quiet the people of the State so much, and so
completely remove groundless prejudices, as the presence of
such a regiment as this Tenth Indiana in every county."
Several members of the Tenth were printers, and taking
possession of a secession printing estabUshment they pub-

260 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Ushed a newspaper which they caUed the Chronicle. The
foUo-wing was published as part of the platforra of the Chronicle:
"Governor Morton. — The praises of Governor Morton
are in the mouths of all Union men tMoughout the countiy,
and especially of citizens of Indiana. When inferior arms
were placed in the hands of the soldiers of the Tenth regi
ment at LouisvUle there was a general expression of Mdig-
nation, untU it was understood that Governor Morton had
pledged himself to replace thera at the earliest possible mo
ment. Then every man brought Ms gun to his shoulder and
marched off. Some guns, manufactured over a hundred years
ago, were entfrely useless, but every soldier was satisfied it
was the best that could be done at the time, and asweli satisfied
that the pledges of the Governor would be redeemed. It has
proved so, and could the Governor have seen the enthusiasm
of the men when the Enfield rifles were placed in thefr hands
in place of the old muskets, and have heard the shout after
shout that went up, it would have stimulated him to stUl
greater exertions in favor of the soldiers, if that were possible.
The Tenth is now as weU armed as any regiment that ever
left the State."
After remaining about a month at Bardstown the Tenth
was advanced to New Haven and Lebanon.
The Thfrty-Fourth, or " Morton Rifles," was organized at
Anderson the 15th of September, and was detained there
nearly a month. It remained on Rousseau's old camping
ground, near the falls of the Ohio, more than a month. In
both places the time was industiiously employed in drUUng
andpreparingfor anactivewintercampaign. With apatience
which was not common in those days of excitement, and
which showed that afready the war was beginning to produce
the fruits of steadiness and forethought, the regiraent sub
mitted to prolonged weeks of tedious driU in Indiana camps.
The men generaUy were farmers. They were inteUigent and
cheerful, and in the bloom and vigor of early manhood, few
being under twenty and scarcely any over thirty-five years
of age.
Colonel Steele could scarcely be called self-sacrificing to
take command of such a regiment, although to do it he was

THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 261
obUged to leave, besides a home, which every man left, an
extensive law practice.
From Camp Joe Holt the Thirty-Fourth went to New
Haven, Kentucky.
At the time the Thirty- Fourth went into camp near New
Haven, large numbers of troops were coUecting in that vicin
ity. The Fifteenth and Seventeenth regiments were both
there, and attracted a considerable degree of attention as
veteran regiments, both having seen hard service in West
Virginia. M four months spent in Vfrginia the Seventeenth marched
more than five hundred miles, assisted in the work of two
fortifications, and was engaged in several skfrmishes and one
battle. The first encampment of the Seventeenth was on the
north branch of the Potomac, sixteen mUes from Oakland
Here it was engaged two weeks in constiucting the fortifica
tions known as Camp Pendleton. Its second camp was on
the EUiwater, where the second work of the same kind was
done. In the battle of Greenbrier the Seventeenth was very
efficient. Orders to move to Kentucky were received on the 19th of
November. Winter had set in, and snow lay six inches deep
on the mountains, yet the tioops were stUl living in tents,.
which had been blown and beaten, ripped and torn so long
by mountain storms that they scarcely held together, and
afforded the semblance rather than the reaUty of protection.
Any place was more comfortable than West Vfrginia in
winter, and no place, to which soldiers could be ordered, was
so agreeable as Kentucky, standing as it does next door to In
diana. Orders were obeyed, therefore, not only with prompt
ness, but with unalloyed satisfaction.
The roads were bad, and after the march was commenced
much of the baggage had to be thrown away before it could
be continued.
At LouisviUe new tents and equipments of every kind were
received. At Camp BueU, tMee mUes from LouisviUe, a
public dinner was given the Seventeenth. Here the regiment
Kmained untU it was brigaded and assigned to General Nel-
18

252 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
son's division, when it marched to Camp WickUffe, near New
Haven. Colonel HaskaU was educated at West Pofrit, and served
a year in the Third Regular ArtUlery. His education and
experience made him very acceptable to his regiment
The outiine of the early Mstory of the Fifteenth is shnUar
to that of the Seventeenth, differing only in having less ex
perience in constructing fortifications, and more with the
enemy, as it was included in the force which pursued the
fugitive Rebels frora Rich Mountain.
The Fifteenth and Seventeenth, vdth two Ohio regiments
which accompanied them from the East, felt great enjoyment
in the change from bleak, barren and desolate mountains to
pleasant fields which spread away under the wide scope of
the sky, and frora poverty7stiicken an'^ ignorant raountaineers
to wealthy and inteUigent lowlanders. Araong these last,
however, they heard the expression of as bitter secession sen
timent as they had ever been forced to Usten to among the
ffrst, and with far greater surprise. They scarcely beUeved
thefr ears when they heard "-mouths which were made for
singing" in coarse scorn caU them " Union dogs" and " AboU-
tion snakes."
Three other Indiana regiments, the Thfrty-Sixth, the
Forty-Sixth and the Forty- Seventh, were encaraped during
a part of the faU and a part of the winter in the vicinity of
New Haven or Lebanon. They were commanded respect
ively by WiUiam Grose, of Newcastle, one of the best and
most prominent pubhc men in the State, and one of the most
successful lawyers; by Graham N. Fitch, a man of equal
talent, and who early forsook the modest path of the physi
cian for the ambitious career of the poUtician; and by James
R. Slack, an aspfring lawyer and poUtician.
The Thfrty-Sixth was composed of men from the staid
Quaker region round Richmond. It was completely eqmpped
and armed, the flank companies with Enfield rifles, the others
with an excellent French musket, when in the last of Sep
tember it moved toward the South. It was very common
for citizens who remained at home to present a horse to th0
Colonel of a regiment in token of thefr gratitude for Ms offer-

A SINGITLAR COINCIDENCE. 263
ing Mmself for their defence, but the Chaplain did not so
often receive a gift wMch was equaUy appropriate. In the
Thfrty-Sixth it was the Chaplam, Rev. Orange Lemon,' on
whom the favor was bestowed. Before the close of the next
December company B, of the Thirty- Sixth, sent home to
Muncie and its vicinity nearly a thousand doUars.
The Forty-Sixth left Logansport in the latter part of De
cember, affld passing through Indianapolis reached Madison,
and embarked on steamboats to go down the river, on a Sxm-
day morning. As the boats, loaded with troops, pushed off
from the shore crowded with people, the band playing, hand
kerchiefs and hats waving fareweUs, the church beUs began
to ring for morning service. A similar, but long past, scene
rose as vividly as the present to the minds of many. In 1846
two con^pames of soldiers from Logansport, going to join
the army in Mexico, embarked from the crowded shore of
Madison on a Sunday mornmg when the church beUs were
ringing. Some of the citizens who were then on the shore
now stood on the shore; some of the soldiers who were on
the river then were now on the river; and the same drummer
was plying his drum-stick, and as vigorously now as then.
The Forty- Seventh went first to Bardstown. Remaining
there only a few days, it encamped on New Year's Eve at
Camp Wickliffe, near -New Haven.
Two companies of Indiana cavalry were also at Camp
Wickliffe, and were kept in active employment as scouts.
Captain Moreau's company was from Knightstown ; Captain
Klein's from Florence. They were early included m the Thfrd
cavalry^ although not united with the regiment.
Calhoun, a Utile town seated in the mud on the banks of
Green river, -wasanother spot which was thronged -with Union
troops. The Thfrty-First, Forty- Thfrd, Forty-Second and
Forty- Fourth Indiana regiments were encaraped here, al
though frequently one or another was obUged to remove to
Henderson, O-wenslsoro or South Carrolton. These regiments
Were under the command of an editor, a farmer, a lawyer and
a druggist The Thirty-Ffrst moved down to EvansvUle about the time
the Teath was sent into Kentucky, ft was entirely fuU,

2^ THE' SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
thoroughly equipped, and had received some mUitary instruc
tion. The citizens of EvansviUe, alarmed for the safety of
thefr town by the bold movement of Buekner, desired to re
tain the protection of the Thirty-First until the Home-Guard
could be properly formed and arraed. But after only a short
delay in EvansvUle, the regiment was ordered to Calhoun,
For a time it was stietched along the river for the protection
of its locks, which, it was discovered by an intercepted letter
forwarded to Governor Morton, were in danger of destiuc
tion. For a time, also, it was encamped at Henderson, where
the conquest it made over prejudice was even more striking
than that of the Tenth, as the citizens of Henderson were
stUl less loyal than the citizens of Bardstown.
It is doubtful, however, if any conquests of this land, al^
though much boasted of at the moment, were real. They
were certainly not lasting. Kentucky secessionists were never
generous enough to be convmced or persuaded. They are in
the category of the blind who wUl not see.
Colonel Cruft is a graduate of Wabash CoUege. He was
an editor and la-wyer. His position as a business man was
good, and Ms attention to his new duties, -with Ms abiUty in
grasping them, promised an equal position in the army. He
is said to have a cold, unimpressible temperament, but it is
impossible to read his character in the light of the battles in
which he has taken part and believe Mm incapable of warmth.
Under the inspfration of cannon balls he is a hero.
The Colonel of the Forty-TMrd, George K. Steele, was a
farmer, the ffrst up to this number in the Ust of Colonels, and
he cannot truthfuUy be caUed simply a farmer, as he is also a
banker. Whatever the reason may be, the fact remains, that
whUe the ranks are filled from the country and the Une ofiicers
are often farmers, and whUe farmers form a large part of onr
Legislature, and fiU other civU offices, they are almost never at
at the head of regiments.*
In October the Forty-Thfrd moved from Terre Haute to
• Seteral gentlemen who became prominent in the army were engaged in
farming as a seisondiry pursuit. Two of our Generals, for instance, wew
farmers, at the s»mo time that they were lawyer and politician.

A REGIMENTAL CHtTRCH.

263.

gpottsviUe, Kentucky. Remaining there but a short time it
encamped for the winter at Calhoun.
The Forty-Second, under the command of Colonel Jones,
a prominent citizen of EvansvUle, and formerly Attorney
General of the State, marched to Henderson in the middle
of October. It endured a few weeks of mud in Calhoun ; a
short time of stiU greater mud at Owensboro, and a little
period of unparaUele d mud at South Carrolton. At this latter
place it tMew up a long Une of earthworks, and feUed a quan
tity of timber. Its presence was very acceptable to the coun
try people, A scouting party from the Forty- Second was
received with most grateful demonstiations at GreenviUe,
which Union tioops had not before visited, wMle it had been
long annoyed by parties of Rebel cavafry.
The Forty-Fourth was organized in October, but remained
in Fort Wayne untU Deceraber, when it was sent to Ken
tucky, Going first to Henderson, it did not encamp at Cal
houn untU the close of the year.
The first encampment of the TMrty-Seventh Indiana was
in La-wrenceburg, where it remained about a month. Here
the Chaplain, Rev. John H, Lozier, organized a regimental
church, composed of different religious sects, and of indi
viduals who had not previously been church members. He
took the name and post offi<ie address of some friend of each
member, in order to make a report, whether the man Uved or
died, of his standing in the regiment.
Colonel Hazzard was educated at West Point, and had
served as Captain of artiUery. He was a thorough tactician,
and an extiemely rigid disciplinarian, with none of the arts
¦which seek or gain popularity, although he was a highly pol
ished and refined gentleman, drawing to Mm with "hooks of
steel" those who understbod him.
In the latter part of October the Thfrty-Seventh was re
moved to the mouth of Salt river, where it was joined by
two Ohio regiments and one Michigan. They were aU em
ployed in b-uilding earthworks on the MUs south of a Uttie
town ambitiously caUed West Point, and in guarding with
seven six-pounders the LouisvUle and NashvUle turnpike. In
*he middle of November the Thirty- Seventh marched twenty-

26S THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
five mUes over a rough road and through a poor country,
covered with low red oaks, to EUzabethtown.
The ffrst Sunday in December the sacrament was celebra
ted in the regimental church, the Eighteenth Ohio also par
ticipating. Like little chUdren recaUing sweet remembrances
of horae, and of the self-sacrificing love of parents, the
CMistian soldiers partook of the sacred emblems, yet feeUng
they could not be separated from the love of Christ. "-Severaf
applied for church membership, and the day closed with a
narrative of Christian experience, so mingled with the motives
which moved the speakers to enUst, as to show the foUy of
attempting to ignore from reUgion or the pulpit the claims
of patriotism in this war. No mercenary spirit, no thirst for
fame, but duty to God and their countiy alone had taken
them from thefr peaceful homes and remunerating toUs. If
the highest motives make the best soldiers, these men cannot
be surpassed. They would do for Cromwell's soldiers who
"trusted in God," or for Havelock's saints who were "turned
out in every crisis," and they may yet prove to be " the sword
of the Lord" against Southern Rebels.*
Two companies of cavafry went from Lidiana to the mouth
of Salt river the first of November, and there joining the
Thfrty-Seventh, moved on -with it to EUzabethtown. One,
under the command of CaptEiin ©rstham, was frora Clermont
and Franklin; the other, under Captain Gaddis, was from
Frankfort With the two companies at Camp WickUffe,
they were included in the Thfrd cavalry, and were the only
compames of the regiment which served in the West. They
were constantly employed in scouting.
The Second cavafry, or Forty-Ffrst regiment Indiana vol
unteers, although mustered into the service the 2&th of Sep
tember, -was 'dUowed to remain in Indianapolis until December
was half gone. It -was not then fully equipped, nor was it
fuUy suppUed with transportation until the next AprU, though
many a long day's march intervened. The unreadiness was
not due in any degree to the ofiicers of the regiment, who
were thorough western men, fuUof enterprise, ardor and that;
* J. D- in the Cincinnati Qazette.

SECOND CAVALRY. 267
abandonment of themselves to thefr plans or projects, wMch
is commonly understood to be a characteristic of young com
munities, and to be exceptional in long-settled regions.
Colonel John A. Bridgland was a wholesale tobacco mer
chant in Richmond, He was strict, almost severe, in his
management of the regiraent.
Lieutenant-Colonel Norris was a graduate of West Point,
and had served in Mexico, where he was one of the first to
scale the waUs of Chapultepec. He was in the expedition
across the Rocky Mountains which made Fremont's name
the delight of every bold boy in the United States, and had
his full proportion of the honor which all the members of the
expedition shared with the leader. He was the companion
of Kit Carson in several hardy undertakings.
Adjutant WooUey was also a West Pointer, and, though
he had no brUUant stories of daring and danger to relate, his
present prompt attention to duty, and a peculiar kindness and
good humor, set Mm high in the estimation of the regiment.
The man in the regiment who, above all others, united in
himself and even intensified western characteristics, was the
senior Major, Robert Read Stewart. Being the son of gen
uine Irish parents, his western character was grafted on an
frish stock. His early career, controUed only by caprice, was
as free and wild as it was singular.
In his boyhood, foUowed up on some ti-uant expedition,
captured and led horae by an iraperious elder brother, he, at
the door, assumes a grave demeanor, and presents his brother
as the culprit to an offended mother, who, sUencing all attempt
at explanation, vigorously applies the rod to the wrong back.
But Uttie later he is an enlisted soldier in Captain Kearney's
company of United States dragoons, now boldly carrying
important dispatches alone through fifty mUes of the enemy's
countiy; then modestly serving General Scott as orderly; at
one time fighting at Contreras, Molino-del-Ray, Garito-san-
Cosmo, Lake Chalco, plunging headlong on an unmanageable
horse over the breastworks at Cherubusco; and at another
time, for this last act of distinguished bravery, receiving a
certificate signed by the President of the United States, .and
saying bluffly, « You'd better give it to jny .hoisei"

26S THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
In 1850 Stewart is seen in California, engaged in com
mission busmess, but he tMows his tame employment aside
when Colonel Walker, of fUUbuster fame, caUs for men to
assist in the deUverance of Nicaragua, and raising a company
he starts -with it, but at San Francisco he is checked by an
unforeseen affliction, and forced to abandon the expedition.
He does not, however, lose his elasticity, and when he is
heard from again he is settled, if such a man can be settled,
on Frazer river, in the British Possessions, and is there en
gaged in trade. Soon he disappears from this quiet region,
but only to re-appear in the Sandwich Islands, a stiU more
narrow and uncongenial field. Next he is tiaversing Lower
California, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. In this last countiy,
reached too late for action, he hears the rumor of war at home.
Bronzed, bearded, long-hafred, in nothing but the old, unresting
ffre lUce the stiipUng who went to the Mexican war, he arrives
at home, and recalls the fading remembrance of himself.
Under the first caU for troops Bob Stewart raised two com
panies of cavalry, one of which was unaccepted; the other
was mustered into the United States service, at first for twelve
months, afterwards, when the term of enlistment was changed,
for three years. The services this company performed in
West Virginia, as the body-guard of General Rosecrans, have
already been mentioned. Captain Stewart remained under
Rosecrans untU recaUed to IndianapoUs to take the position
of senior Major in the Second cavafry.
The junior Major, Edward M. McCook, Uke the Lieuten
ant-Colonel, was tiansferred from the Umted States army.
He was one of the "fighting McCook faraUy," which lost its
youngest at BuU Run, its oldest in the pursuit of Morgan,
and its most distinguished member by assassination, and he
was a worthy scion of the old stock.
One of the Captains in the Second cavafry was John W.
Stewart, who was like his brother in spfrit, with something
more of fun and less of ffre. He was proprietor of a hotel
in Terre Haute when the war broke out, and known through
the Wabash Valley for his practical jokes. In September he
raised a corapany, and boarded it at his own expense, until
it was mustered into service. He went into the Second cav-

MILITARY INSTRUCTION. 269
afry as a private, but was unanimously elected Captain of
company E.
The Second cavalry, twelve hundred in number, left In
dianapolis on the afternoon of the 16th of December. The
beauty and power of the horses, the spirit of the riders, the
length of the Une, more than a mUe, attiacted much attention
along the route, which led tMough MartinsvUle, Blooming-
ton and Bedford. At the last place the regiment was thrown
on the hospitality of the citizens, as their tents and rations,
the fram being delayed by the state of the roads, did not arrive.
The Second cavafry went dfrectly to Bardstown, thence to
Green river, where it did picket duty nearly two months.
During the time it was engaged in one skfrraish.
On the 24th of December, Brigadier General Thomas J.
Wood, commanding the Fifth Brigade of the Second Divis
ion, was ordered to take charge of a camp of instruction at
Bardstown. General Wood was already well known, having
been very efiicient in Indianapolis during the spring and
summer in mustering and discipUning the new recruits. His
indefatigable industry and his famiUarity with mUitary affairs
brought order out of confusion, and taught invaluable lessons
to the new soldiers. It was in consideration of his services
in Indianapolis that he was appointed Brigadier General in
the Second Division, and that he was now removed from
that position to the work of organizing and discipUning the
new troops at Bardstown. He found here a large number
of regiraents, whUe others were stiU arrivmg.
The Forty-Ninth regiment crossed the Ohio the 11th of
Becember, and marched to Bardstown in two days and a half
The field officers waUced the greater part of the way, giving
thefr horses to the most fatigued of the men, who, with the
unaccustoraed burden of knapsacks, found the ffrst march fuU
as much as they could bear.
In the dead of night, December 21st, as all lay quiet in
sleep, the bugle sounded a hurried and fearful caU to arms.
In less than twenty minutes the men were rushing together
to form in Une of battle for the reception of Buekner, who
was said to be within three mUes. Some were without caps,
others -without boots, some in thefr comrades' clothes, a few

270 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
in no clothes at aU were wofully searching the dark tents for
something to wear. Flushed and pale, composed and quiv
ering with excitement, the men looked to the Colonel for a
word of advice before the shock of battle. To thefr surprise
they were informed that no enemy was near, and that the
alarm was simply a tiial, and a lesson to teach the necessity
of being prepared for an emergency.
Colonel John W. Ray was practising law in JeffersonvUle
at the time he entered the array. He is the son of Edwin
Ray, whom every old Indianian knew as an eloquent and
saint-like Methodist preacher. Left fatherless in mfancy he
suffered a loss for which no guidance or teaching could atone,
but free from the imbecUity wMch would cast responsibihty
upon cfrcumstances, he has honored his father's memory by
Ms Ufe. He is a graduate of Greencastle.
The Fiftieth regiment, with its Colonel, Cyrus L. Dunham,
a former meraber of Congress, and Secretajy of State, and a
man of force and fire, left Seymour on the 25th of October,
and, marching slowly through the counties of Jackson, Law
rence, Washington, Orange and Floyd, recruiting on the way,
reached Bardstown on Christmas.
"The Fifty-First left IndianapoUs the 16th of December, at
the same time the Second cavafry left, and with that regiment
made a greater miUtary display on the stieets than Indianapo
lis had yet seen. Colonel Stieight abandoned a flourishing
book-bmdery to enter the army. He is entirely a self-made
man, and possessed of a hard, resolved purpose, which carries
him over or through obstacles, or faUing to do that leaves him
unscathed. The Fifty-Seventh was-recruited mainly through the efforts
of Rev. J. W. T. McMuUen and Rev. F. A. Hardin. It was
mustered into the service at Richmond, but it reraoved to In
dianapolis early in December, and the same month went to
Bardstown. The Fifty-Seventh was of peculiar character, containing
at least eight Methodist preachers, and being composed al
most entirely of religious men.
Colonel McMuUen is one of the most popular preachers in
the State. He has something of that wMch makes the great-

THE PREACHER COLONEL. 271
ness of Spurgeon, the power of penetrating with deep and
tender feeUng into the truths of Scripture, and the mysteries
of human nature, and of handUng both with a sort of rev
erent familiarity. He entered the rainistiy quite young, with
mind undeveloped, taste uncultivated and ardor uncontioUed
and bemg by bfrth or parentage an Irishman, he obtained for
himself the cognomen of " Wild Irishman." His voice was
stentorian ; he exhorted sinners as old people talk to foreign
ers, beUeving that the higher he pitched his tone the better
they could understand, and he could easily be heard at the
distance of a half mile. He felt his deficiencies, however,
and possessed at the same time an honest love of knowledge.
He, consequently, divided Ms devotion between the church
and his study, and as time passed acqufred a more subdued '
and thoughtful style. His health was broken with close ap-
pUcation to books and a conscientious attention to mimsterial
duties, but he could not resist the caU to arms.
The Fifty-Eighth left Princeton early in December, and went
directiy to Portiand, Kentucky, where it received arms and
accoutiements. It lay in camp several days a few raUes from
LouisvUle, then marched four miles beyond Bardstown to
Camp Cedar Grove. The position being cold and exposed,
the regiment went seven mUes the other side of Bardsto-wn,
and forraed a more comfortable encampment, ditching around
it and sheltering it as much as possible frora rain and wind.
The Colonel of the Fifty-Eighth was H. M. Carr, who had
served as Captain in the Eleventh regiraent during the three
months' carapaign.
On the evening of the 13th of December, to the music of
one of the finest bands in Indiana, the Thirty-Fifth marched
down the stieets of Indianapolis to take its departure. The
beautiful green flag which floated above the regiment bore
upon it, beside the Harp and Shamrock of the Emerald Isle,
the American Eagle and the motto, " Be just and fear not."
The Thirty-Fifth, in its regimental character, can be com
pared to nothing so fitly as to the wonderful figure of Neb
uchadnezzar's dream, except that instead of fine gold, its head
-Was of capper, whUe the noble metal was in the body, or in
the subordinate members.

272 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
The Irish regiment spent two weeks in camp in Jefferson
vUle, leaving on the first day of the new year for Kentucky.
TMough LouisvUle, where it was received vnth courtesy and
attention, it proceeded to Bardstown, where its appearance
drew out aU the Union flags which could be found or made,
even secessionists protecting themselves for the occasion un
der the folds of the Stars and Stiipes.
The cause of this extended devotion to the flag was a rep
utation which the frish regiment had unconsciously obtained
of possessing the ferocity of the Hessians in the British army
who did not hesitate to devour an enemy.
The Fortieth regiment arrived at Bardstown, and entered
the camp of instiuction the 9th of January. Its commander.
Colonel WilUam C. Wilson, was an attorney in Lafayette
when he entered the army. He was an efiicient officer.
Beside the infantiy and cavalry, five Indiana batteries of
artUlery joined Buell's army in October, Noveraber, Decem
ber and January.
The Fifth Indiana battery, recruited by Captain Peter
Simonson and Lieutenants Rankin and Morrison, was mus
tered into service in Indianapolis on the 22d of November.
It went a few days afterwards to Camp GUbert, near Louis
vUle, where it was placed in a school of instiuction under
Captain TerriU of the Fifth ArtiUery. Its armament con
sisted of two twelve-pounders, two six-pounder rifle and two
six-pounder smooth bores.
The Sixth or " Morton" battery was entirely made up of
Germans, the most of whom had learned artUlery service in
Europe. The battery went from Indianapolis to EvansviUe
the 2d of October, and thence to Henderson, Calhoun, South
Carrolton and Owensboro, raoving from place to place duruig
the winter.
The Fourth battery, which was under the coramand of
Asahel K. Bush, the Seventh, under Captain Harris, and the
Eighth, under Captain Cochran, aU entered camps of in
stiuction in Kentucliy.
The first Indiana troops to enter Kentucky were the Elev
enth and the Twenty-Thfrd, which, coming frora St Louis,
landed at Paducah the 11th of September. Colonel WaUace

IN PADUCAH.

273

BtUl coraraanded the Eleventh. Colonel WUliam L. Sander
son, who had been an officer in the Mexican war, was in com
mand of the Twenty-Thfrd. The regiments encamped beside
each other on a beautiful spot. Paducah was the principal
towninnorthwestem Kentucky, and had been very prosperous,
but it now looked deserted and mournful. Stores were closed,
miUs were idle, many of the best' houses were vacant, and
even the churches, with one or two exceptions, were aban
doned, the clergymen having gone with thefr straying sheep
into the wUdemess of rebellion.
When the Indiana regiraents arrived nearly ten thousand
tioops were afready in Paducah. In regard to property the
most rigid discipUne was enforced by General Smith, the
officer in command. Grog-shops of high and low degree
were aU closed. Men were advised to take no notice of in
sults which were sometimes showered on them ; and officers,
privates and servants belonging to the regiments were ordered
not to hold any conversation with slaves, or with the free
colored people of the town. So desfrous was General Smith
to avoid unnecessary irritation of the feelings of frrascible
Kentuckians, that he even aUowed a Rebel flag to float over
the house of a secessionist. This the Eleventh Indiana
would not aUow, and the flag was torn dorn, producing some
commotion and disorder. The circumstance was mortifying
to General Smith, who, in the observance of a strict obedience
to his superiors, found the loyalty of his soldiers mutinously
opposing him.
With the arrival of the tioops fortifications were com
menced. A powerful abatis was made of the heavy shaggy-
topped oak tiees and undergrowth of the same character,
which covered the countiy. By this means every access to
the town was cut off except the pubUc roads, which were but
three m number, and were commanded by heavy artUlery^
The enemy was near and daring. Scouts were constantly
on the look out, alarms were frequent, and several times the
regiments were forced to stand aU night in the ram or cold
watching for the enemy.
Glay King, formerly a citizen of Paducah, had a Rebel
force of five or six thousand men encamped near Mayfield

274 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
thfrty miles south of the Federal force. He ravaged and
plundered the homes of loyal people, occasionally sending out
foraging parties on the railroad within a few miles of Padu
cah. To intercept the trains carrying large foraging par
ties four expeditions, at different times, were sent out as far
as Viola, a station twenty mUes from Paducah. In the first
expedition the Eleventh was engaged; in the second the
Eighth Missouri; in the thfrd the Twenty- Third Indiana; in
the fourth the Eleventh again. They all met with equal UI-
success, marching through a lonely and desolate region, which
even the birds and squfrrels had deserted, and where nothing
was abundant but secessionists; floundering through mud
and mfre, stumbUng in ruts and cuts, climbing rough hillocks,
wading streams, and at last reaching Viola only to find that
thefr approach had been announced, and an informer had
hastened to arrest and save the train. Each expedition was
a degree more disagreeable and more laborious than the pre-
cedmg one, as the road was each time worse. The last
reached a cUmax, the Eleventh being forced on its return to
assist the horses and mules in dragging the Chicago Light
ArtiUery, by which it was accorapanied, through roads which
a beating rain raade more toUsome at every step. After this
fourth attempt Clay King remained unmolested.
On the 21st of November, General HaUeck issued an order,
setting forth that, as iraportant information respecting the
number and condition of his forces had been conveyed to the
enemy by fugitive slaves, no such persons should thereiafter
be permitted to enter the lines of any camp, nor of any forces
on the march. It was a cruel and unjust order, and thrust
back into slavery thousands who tiemblingly touched the
sldrts of liberty. Seldom has a sadder sight been seen than
a poor, wearied, hungry slave, all the way from Tennessee,
in search of freedom, standing in his rags and submissive
helplessness before a General, who delivers him to the Pro
vost Marshal to be returned to his master They who reached
the picket Une and were not aUowed to pass were not so utr
terly cast down and lost as he who had penetiated to the
inner circle, to fall thore into the clutches of law. General
Smith, although he allo-wed the Rebel flag to .fly, replied to.^

LIFE IN CAMP. 275
gentleman, who asked his aid in searching for his servant,
" Sir, I have been in the service of my countiy thfrty-five years,
and I -wiU not disgrace my old age by beconung a slave-hun
ter. K you can find your negro, take hfrn, but neither I nor
my men shaU hunt him for you."
Colonel Wallace was made a Brigadier General in Sep-
te'mber, and placed in coramand of the Eleventh and Twenty-
Thfrd, the Eighth Missouri, Smith's company of the Chicago
Light ArtiUery, and two companies of United States cavafry.
He was tfreless in instiuction, and was assisted by able sub
ordinates. Colonel McGinnis, who succeeded him in com
mand of the Eleventh, was as indefatigable and as skilful in
the care of his regiment A worthy spfr-it of emulation in-
spfred aU the officers and aU the men. As might be expected
the brigade soon excelled in mUitary exercises, and as long as
it held together it was accounted unsurpassed, if not un
equalled, on the parade ground.
Wherever regiments were, on the Tennessee, the Salt or
the Green, with scarcely an exception, they were in tents, pro
tected frora the open afr by nothing but a sheet of cloth. AU
discomforts were ascribed to the form of these canvass dwell
ings until the Sibley was received, and the first novelty was
worn off, when the new tent came in for a full share of cen
sure and complaint. Among twenty men crowded into one
httle roora, which was now insufferably warm, and in five
minutes insufferably cold, cooking over a stove in the cen
ter, eating together, sleeping together, getting thefr guns mixed
and their hats lost, (after a little experience socks and boots
were never taken off,) peace was out of the question. Even,
when taught by stUi fm-ther experience, a man's hat was
put under his head, and his gun was hugged in his arms
while he slept, there were stUl subjects of dispute. If
nineteen were agreed, the twentieth was sure to be a crooked
stick, which would fit into nothing. Patriots, though they
are the noblest men fri the world, cannot bear every an
noyance with amiability. Many a good soldier, with dish
cloth in one hand and pot in another, with smoke in his
eyes and Ms feet sUpping in water or grease somebody had

276 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
spiUed, scolded Uke a vixen. If he had an opportumty he
urged the return of his former tent; while the occupant of
the old wedge, cooldng out of .doors in rain and snow, looked
¦with an envious eye upon the sheltered inmate of the Sibley
and besought a like accommodation.
About the middle of the winter the Thirty-Seventh made
itself somewhat comfortable by means which George Buffing.
ton, a private in the regiraent, devised. A smaU stick chimney,
besmeared with mud, was built at the entianee of the wedge
tent, and the canvass was closed round it, so as to leave the
fireplace inside and the top of the chimney outside. An India
rubber blanket closed the opening caused by partmg the folds
of the cloth. This was cheerful, but it had some objection
able points, as must be the case with all inventions for the
warming of houses with thin cloth waUs ; and not a few sol
diers, impatient of smoke, or the extiemes of heat and cold,
actually spent the winter without ifre.
The inconveniences of camp Ufe were sUght in comparison
-with the ill-health produced by bad air and sudden changes
of temperature.
To give an account of the sanitary condition of the regi
ments which have been enumerated in the present chapter,
would be to repeat an afready more than twice told tale of
suffering and sorrow, and one to wMch no repetition and no
attempt at deUneation can do justice.
Influenced by various causes the regiments suffered M dif
ferent degrees. The Thirty-Sixth, for example, composed
of men of mature years, who knew how to take care of them
selves, and were not driven to forced marches, had compara
tively Uttie sickness. The regiraents at Paducah suffered less
than the most of those in cential Kentucky. The hospitals
in some were much better than in others. Dr. T. W. Fry,
who went out as surgeon to the Eleventh, but soon had the
whole brigade in his care, took possession of the vacated
Presbyterian parsonage in Paducah, of General TUghman's
residence, of a large boarding-house, and of several other
houses of like commodious dimensions for his sick, and made
them quite comfortable. The Thirty-Seventh, at Elizabedi-

HOSPPTALS. 277
town, also had a fine hospital, wMch loyal ladies kept cheer
ful with hot-house flowers. But many others found smaU
comfort in Uttie school houses, dirty court houses, and churches
withhardand sloping benches, or in buUdings wMch were more
commodious, but situated in low and sickly regions.

19

278 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER XXrV.
ON TO THE CUMBERLAND.— UP THE TENNESSEE,
During the -winter Bowling Green was the center of the
Rebel line of operations in Kentucky. On the left was
Columbus, situated on a lofty bluff, and so stiongly fortified
that it seepied almost impregnable, and Forts Henry and Don
elson, commanding the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers.
On the right was General ZoUicoffer, who had advanced, in
spite of a renewed movement on the part of General Schoepf,
and entienched himself with about eight thousand men on
the north side of the Cumberland, opposite MUl Spring, He
of com-se held the road leading through Cumberland Gap to
East Tennessee, and to the line of the Richmond and MobUe
railway. Northeast of ZoUicoffer was General MarshaU in
the VaUey of the Big Sandy river, on the border of Vfrginia,
and with the Confederate troops in that State completing the
Rebel Une frora the Mississippi to the Potoraac.
General Grant, frora Cairo and Paducah, tMeatened Colum
bus. General BueU, whUe organizing and preparing for future
operations an army of more than a hundred thousand men,
kept his eye upon Buekner at Bowling Green, ZolUcoffer and
MarshaU. Marshall's flying forces, always ready to pounce on Schoepf,
had kept the attention of the latter engaged, whUe ZoUicoffer
crossed the Cumberland,
General Thoraas organized at Lebanon the First Division
of the Army of the Ohio, and had his command in readiness
to take the field for the purpose of opposing the further pro
gress of ZoUicoffisr by the last of December. On the 31st
he commenced to move over roads which in mid-summer are
difficult and painful, and in mid-winter are indescribably bad.
After a most laborious march he reached, January 17th, a

MILL SPRING. 279
point len m'Ues north of MiU Spring, caUed Logan's Cross
Roads. Here he had an interview with General Schoepf,
who had at Somerset a force of four infantry regiraents and
two batteries of artillery. A combined raoVeraent was agreed
on, and Schoepf returned to Soraerset to bring his tioops
forward. General Thomas, placing twenty of Wolford's cavafry and
two companies of the Tenth Indiana about a half mile in
front, went into camp with the sraaU nuraber of his troops
which were with hira in the advance, and awaited the arrival
of the remiainder of his division. On the 18th three or' four
regiments emerged from the rear, and reported the chief part
of the train up to the hubs of the carriage "Wheels and im
movable in mud.
In the evening of that day General Thomas had with hira
at Logan's Cross Roads, the Ninth Ohio, Second Minnesota,
Tenth Indiana and Fourth Kentucky regiments of infantry,'
Wolford's regiment of cavalry, four corapanies of the First
]\liichigan EnginOei-s, and an Ohio battei-y of artiUery, He
expected to be joined oh the 19th by the Fourteenth Ohio,
Tenth Kentucky, and by three of General SchOepf's regi
ments, and to make a combined movement on the 20th upon
the enemy's entrenchments.
General Crittenden, however, who had joined ZoUicoffer a
fe-w days pre-viously, and, outranking him, had taken com
mand, determined' not to await an attack. Thfe Rebel troops
in spite of the stiength of t;hefr position were in a critical
condition, having on hand but two' or three days' rations^
•wliUe it' -was hot possible for foraging parties to squeeze food
from the starved region around. Because of this scarcity they
'could support themselves within thefr entrehohraents but a
very short time. Moreover, General Crittenden received in-
forrhatioh that only two of Thomas' regiments had succeeded
in reaching Logan's CrOss Roads, arid that aU the rest of
Thomas' division, exhausted and discouraged by the difficul
ties it' haid encountered, was stiU behind. He left his en
tienchments, therefore, on the evening of the 18th, -with the
intention of surprising and overwhelming the smaU fordealt
liOgan's.

280 THE SOLDIEK OP INDIANA.
It was scarcely daybreak, on a cloudy, rainy Sunday morre-
ing, when the twenty horsemen on the watch saw the Rebel
flag advancing. They warned the two companies of the
Tenth Indiana -syhich stood in their rearj,and galloped with
the inteUieence to Colonel Manson, , Colonel Manson sent
the regiment forward under Lieutenant-Colonel Kise to sup
port the pickets, who were bravely standing their ground, and
went himself tO several Colonels and to the headquarters of
General Thomas in the rear.
General Thomas hastened the rear regiments forward, but
the Tenth bore the brunt of the attack, and was engaged
quite a half hour before any tioops came to its aid. The
Fourth Kentucky reached its left in time to prevent the con
summation of a flanking movement which the Rebels were
making, and stood resolutely at its side while the fight went
on with increased vivacity. The enemy stiU attempting the
flankmg movement, a part of the Tenth was ordered to the
left of the Kentucky regiment. CUmbing over logs and fences,
it reached the position, to be ordered, when the course of the
enemy was turned, back to its original place.
But the Second Minnesota shortly reUeved the Tenth, and
the Ninth Ohio marched to the right of the Minnesota regi
ment The Confederates fought desperately, but they met
desperate fighting. The slight protection given by a rail
fence was eagerly sought by both sides, and guns were poked
at each other between the raUs. Meantime the Twelfth
Kentucky and Ffrst and Second East Tennessee advanced
on the enemy's right and rear.
General ZoUicoffer feU, shot by Colonel Fry, but his men
did not seem to mind his faU. Many of them were Ken
tuckians, and, though double-dyed toaitors, false aUke to coun
tiy and State, they were braye in battle. They loved to fight ;
to gouge out eyes and bite off noses, to pound a man to a
jeUy was more in their style than to ply musket and cannon;
but they knew how to stand up before any anticipated dan
ger ; they could even dare artiUery. They were now fatigued
with their hard night's march, and were surprised to meet
more than double the force they had been told to expect, but
they did not waver until the Ninth OMo, a regiment of sturdy,

MILL SPRING. 281
stnbborn Germans, under one of the devoted McCook's, ad
vanced upon them with drawn bayonets. The Confederates
¦stood a moment, and saw the line of glistening steel, heard
the heavy, rapid tread, then they gave way, the advance fall
ing back in confusion behind the reserve, which, in its turn,
gave way and foUowed in retieat.
As soon as the tioops could refiU their cartridge-boxes
General Thomas pursued the Confederates, reaching their
entrenchments about an hour before dark. He opened on
them with cannon. They replied feebly. Night closed in,
and the firing ceased, but preparations were made to storm
the entienchments the following morning. Supperless and
dinnerless the troops slept on their arms. They started up at
dayUght, and eagerly moved forward to the breastworks. AU
was quiet within. Cannon were fired without calling forth
a response. Skirmishers approached cautiously and examined
the fortifications. They were abandoned. The Confederates
had fled, leaving wagons, artillery, ammunition, provisions,
personal property and equipage of every kind. They had
crossed the river in an undisguised panic, and had met with
some disasters; but they were now safe from imraediate
pursuit. Their flight disheartened the secessionists of Middle Ten
nessee, many of whom left the State, carrying -with them all
their movaMe property, especially that mOst uncertain kind
of property which was provided with means of locomotion,
and with reason and will.
The Rebel flight also opened a path into East Tennessee,
but it was impossible to take advantage of it so early in the
season without more subsistence than General Thomas had
been able to obtain, and that beautiful raountam region, "af-
.flicted, tossed with terapest and not coraforted," was again
disappointed of the deliverance that was again just at her
doors. Rebel rule becarae more rigorous than ever, and in a
short time Jeflerson Davis proclaimed martial law throughout
ihe Department of East Tennessee. The following extracts
from the Rules and Articles of War were pubUshed for the
information and guidance of the people :
¦"Any officer or private who shaU use contemptuous or dis-

282 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
respectful words against the president of the Confederat;©
States, against the Vice ^President thereof, against the Coi>
gross of the Confederate States, or against the CMef Magis
trate or Legislature of any of the Confederate States in
wMch he may be quartered, if a commissioned officer, shaU
be cashiered, or otherwise punished as a court martial may
decide ; if a non-commissioned officer or soldier be sbaU suffer
such punishment as sbaU be inflicted by the sentence of a
court-martial. "Whosoever shaU reUeve the enemy with money, victuals
or ammunition, or shall knowingly harbor or protect an enemy,
shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shaU be in
flicted upon hira by the sentence of a court-martial.
"Whosoever shaU be convicted of holding correspondence
with, or giving inteUigence to, the enemy, either directly or
indirectly, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall
be ordered by the sentence of a court-martial."
The day after taking possession of the Rebel entrench
ments opposite Mill Spiring, General Thomas returned to his
encampment at Logan's Cross Roads. It is said that when
the MUinesota men went back to thefr quarters they marched
with banners flying, and thefr splendid band playing " HaU
Columbia," past a tent in front of which stood two prisoners.
Dr. Cliff, ZoUicoffer's brigade surgeon, and Lieutenant-Colo
nel Carter, of the Twentieth Tennessee. They were both
affected to tears, and Carter remarked that " he loved the old
flag stUl."
Tlie enemy's loss in kiUed and wounded in the battle of
Logan's Cross Roads, or of MUl Spring, as it is generally
caUed, and in the retieat, was very severe. The Union loss-
was much less. , Our dead were buried in separate graves,
and for head-stones young cedars were planted, living and
ever-green monuraents.
TheintelUgence of General ZoUicoffer's death was received
by the country people with a pleasure that was painful to
witness. He was a man of gentle and even noble qualities,
yet he was regarded by the region in which he had so long
been entrenched with an abhorrence that was personal in its
character. His camp, a real stionghold on thie point of six

THE NAVAL FORCE. 283
hiUs, which were abrupt in thefr rear, -with the river at their
base, was caUed " ZoUicoffer's den," as if it were the dwelling
of a wild beast, and the appeUations which were bestowed
on Mm were of the same character.
General Thoraas remained at Logan's only long enough to
allo-w the troops a little rest, then moved to Somerset, where
he made preparations to enter East Tennessee.
Meantime the plan for active operations in the West was
changed so as to require a concentration of aU the forces in
Kentucky, and a consequent abandonment, for the present,
of an advance beyond the Cumberland mountains. General
Fremont's plan for the western campaign had been for a mU
itary and naval expedition to proceed from St. Louis and
Cairo down the Mississippi, as soon as he should have cleared
Missouri of Rebels, and for this purpose he commenced the
construction of gunboats. It was found now that the gun
boats were of sufficiently light draft to navigate the Tennes
see and Cumberland rivers, and it was determmed to reach
the rear of BowUng Green by proceeding up the Cumberland
against NashviUe. A successful movement might result in
the capture of the Confederate forces, and certainly would
compel the evacuation of Kentucky.
"The naval force," as described in an article on army oper
ations in the American Cyclopoedia, "consisted of twelve
gunboats, carrying an arraaraent in aU of one hundred and
twenty-six guns. None of the guns were less than thirty-two
pounders, some were forty-two pounders, and also nine and
ten inch naval columbiads. In addition, each hoat carried a
rifled DaMgren twelve-pounder boat ho-witzer on the upper
deck. Several of the larger guns on each boat were rifled.
" The boats were built very wide in proportion to their
length, giving them almost the same steadiness in action that
a stationary land battery would possess. They were con-
stiucted so that in action they could be kept 'bow on,' and
the bow battery for this reason was of very great strength.
Broadsides were so arranged as to be deUvered with terrible
effect while shifting position. To facUitate moveraents in
action, the engines and machinery were of the most powerful

284 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
kind. The boUers were five in number, consteucted to work
in connection -with or independent of each other.
" Seven of these boats only were fron-clad. The number
of mortar boats ordered was thirty-eight. Each one wMch
was built carried a mortar of thirteen inch caUbre. The
charge of powder for the mortar was about twenty-three
pounds. Each boat was manned by a Captain, Lieutenant
and twelve men. The fleet was coraraanded by Commodore
A. PI. Foote, a brave and righteous man."
Meantime important reconnoissances were made in west
ern Kentucky, extending even to the Tennessee Une, for the
purpose of ascertaimng the length and condition of roads, the
number and stiength of bridges, the depth of unbridged
streams, and the sentiments of the inhabitants.
One of the most important of these expeditions was made
by General Smith -with nearly all the force at Paducah, di
vided in two unequal parts. The sraaUer division left Padu
cah, January 6th, on the stearaer V. F. WUson, accompanied
by the gunboats Lexington and Conestoga. The main force
started on Wednesday, the 15th, over frozen ground and
through a faUing snow, TraveUng along the Mayfield road,
which had so often been pursued in search of Clay King's
foraging parties, the tioops marched twelve miles the first day,
Thursday they marched fifteen mUes, still in high spfrits, the
general expectation being that the enemy was to be encoun
tered at Camp Beauregard, a few mUes from Mayfield, Friday
the ground thawed, the march was toUsorae, and few reached
their camping ground before eleven at night. Saturday rain
was faUing when the soldiers prepared to resume their march,
and the wagons of the train were so fastened in the mud that
no moveraent beyond prying them out and starting them for
ward could be made untU three in the afternoon. Clark river,
which it was necessary to cross, was so swoUen that the whole
bottom on both sides was covered. The entfre force could
not get over, and the Eleventh Indiana, wMch brought up the
rear, after working aU day, encamped on a beautiful eminence,
a half mile in advance of the previous night's encarapment.
Sunday was lovely. The storray clouds faded away, and the
tioops, who had been depressed by the toU and exposure of

PRESIDENT'S WAR ORDER. 285
Saturday, were again in good spfrits. The progress of the
force was, however, but two and a half mUes. Monday they
reached Murray, in Calloway county, and met the party
which had come up the river, it having marched sixteen miles.
The whole division took up its march from Murray on
Tuesday, and reached CaUoway Ferry, twenty mUes below
Fort Henry, and seventy mUes above Paducah. The steamer
was waiting at the landing with seven days' provisions, and
to carry the sick or worn out back to Paducah. As nearly aU
the provisions in the wagon train were lost in crossing Clark
river, this new supply was needed.
About two hundred sick and exhausted were taken on
hoard and comfortably provided for, while the rest raarched
back to Paducah, having accomplished a cfrcuit of one hun
dred and twenty-five mUes.
WhUe the steamer waited at CaUoway Landing, the gun
boats went up the river to Fort Henry and fired into it, but
excited no response.
Commodore Foote sent the Lexington again up the Ten
nessee, and satisfied himself that the fort coiUd easUy be taken.
On the 27th of January President Lincoln appeared as
commander-in-chief of the army and navy, aud issued the
following order:
President's General War Order, No. 1.
Ordered, That the 22d day of February, 1862, be the day
for a general raoveraent of the land and naval forces of the
United States against the insurgent forces.
That especially
The array at and around Fortiess Monroe;
The Array of the Potomac;
The Army of Western Vfrginia;
The army near MunfordsviUe, Kentucky;
The army and flotiUa near Cafro :
And a naval force in the Gulf of Mexico,
be ready tor a movement on that day.
That all other forces, both land and naval, virith thefr re-

286 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
spective commanders, obey existing orders for the time, and
be ready to obey additional orders when duly given.
That the Heads of Departments, and especially the Secre
taries of War and of the Navy, with all their subordinates,
and the General-in-Chief, with all other commanders andsub-
ordinates of land and naval forces, will severally be held to
their strict and fuU responsibiUties for the prompt execution
of this order. Abraham Lincoln.
The order was unproductive of military effect in the East,
but hastened the movements of the forces in the West.
As the possession of Fort Henry would open a passage to
the rear of Columbus on the Mississippi, and of Donelson on
the Cumberland, and thus would aid essentially in an attack
upon both places, it was determined to make the first advance
up the Tennessee.
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson are almost on the boundary
line between the States of Kentucky and Tennessee, and are
not more than twelve miles apart. The former is on the east
bank of the Tennessee, the latter on the west side of the
Cumberland. A good road was cut through the woods
between thera, so that tioops and suppUes could readUy be
reraoved from one to the other. At high water both rivers are
navigable for the largest steamboats far above these points,
the Tennessee to Florence, in northern Alabama, and the
Cumberland to NashviUe. Troops could, therefore, be tians-
ported by water to the center of the Confederacy when once
the possession of the stieams should be secured.
Fort Hemy stands on the lowlands adjacent to the river,
on a level -with the high water raark, and commands a stiaight
stietch of the river about two miles in length. A smaU creek
is on each side of the position. A mUe below is Panther
Island, a long, narrow sand bank, covered with a thicket of
wUlows. The fort, as it stood before the attack, consisted
of an frregular pile of earth, with embrasures, which looked
like blocks of stone, but which were in reaUty meal bags
stuffed with sand. It was armed with seventeen guns, the
most of which were pivoted, and could be turned on the river
or on an enemy approaching from the interior. Rifle-pits and

PORT HENRY. 287
breastworks encircled Fort Henry, and enclosed an area of
twenty or thirty acres. An extensive abatis rendered approach
stiU more formidable. The garrison included from four to
five thousand soldiers.
On the west bank of the river, on higher ground, another
fort, caUed Heiman, was in process of consti-uction. Two or
three Alabama regiraents were within the unfinished breast
works, but cannon were not yet raounted.
On Monday afternoon, February 2d, the gunboats Cincin
nati, Essex, St. Louis, Carondelet, Lexington and Tyler
steamed away from Cafro up the Ohio to Paducah, where
they were joined by the Conestoga and a fleet of transports
with a land force under Genenal Giant They entered the
Tennessee at dark, and anchored a few raUes below Fort
Henry about dayUght.
Commodore Foote iraraediately explored the bed of the
river in search of torpedoes, finding six, and made a reconnois
sance to find a suitable place for landing and for a general
rendezvous of the troops. A spot just below the range of the
guns of the fort was selected, the troops were landed during
the afternoon, and three vessels were sent forward to recon-
noiter. At the distance of two raUes and a half, a twenty-
four pounder rifle ball entered the Essex, penetrated the state
room of Captain Porter, passed under his table, and cut off
the feet of a pafr of stockings, which hung against the waU,
as neatly as scissors could have cut thera.
" Pretty good shot," said Porter, " Now we -wUl show them
ours," And he dropped a mne-inch sheU right into the fort.
The remainder of General Grant's force, including the
Eleventh and Twenty-Thfrd Indiana, left Paducah aUttle after
noon on Wednesday, and, with the sun shining, bands play
ing and people along the shore waving good wishes, pro
ceeded up the river. The Union people in the country had by
this time heard of the movement, and stood here and there in
groups indicating by voice or hand their welcome. At one
place three men stood motionless and sullen. " Off with your
hats, and huzza for the Union!" shouted a voice from the Elev
enth. The hats did not move. "They're secesh; hand me ray
gun ! " cried the sarae voice. Immediately the three hats were

288 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
waving, and the three voices sulkily cheering. Long shouts
of laughter responded to the sudden conversion to loyalty,
Merrily the boats went up the river, everybody as Ught hearted
as if on a pleasure excursion, and landed after dark, where
thousands and thousands of camp-fires illuminated the tented
shores. By Thursday morning a large force was on both sides of
the river, the force on the west, under General Smith, to at
tack the Confederates at Fort Heiman, the division on the
east to advance to the rear of Fort Henry, and prevent the
escape of the garrison. General McClernand, under General
Grant, had charge of the latter. In the division of the former
was the brigade of General Wallace,
General Grant and Coramodore Foote agreed to make a
siraultaneous attack on Fort Henry at twelve o'clock. As
near the sarae tirae as possible, General Smith was to attack
Fort Heiman,
About eleven o'clock the three divisions began to move.
General Smith up the left bank of the stream, the Eleventh
Indiana in advance. General McClernand on the right bank,
and Commodore Foote up the river. The roads were -wretched,
and two or three little sti-eams, wMch were in the way, were
swollen by a heavy rain of the previous night, in consequence
the progress of the land forces was slow. Commodore Foote
dfrected the four iron-clads, Essex, Carondelet, Cincinnati and
St. Louis, to keep in line, the wooden boats, Conestoga, Lex
ington and Tyler, to foUo-w the iron-clads, and throw shell
over them. To the commanders he said, " Do just as I do,"
To the crews, "Fire slowly and deUberately; keep cool; make
every shot tell." Commodore Foote had on his vessel a corner
which he caUed the sacred place, where any one of the crew
who loved to read his Bible and pray might do so undisturbed.
This little institution had an influence upon the whole fleet,
but much greater was the unconscious influence of a com
mander who worked as if he must do everything, and trusted
as if he could do nothing.
With decks cleared for action, guns run out, shot and shell
pUed at their side, men confident of success, and the Com
modore determined to take the fort or go to the bottom, the

PORT HENRY, 289
boats steamed slowly up the river, taking the current on the
west side of the island. The Essex was commanded by W.
D. Porter, the son of Commodore Porter who commanded
the Essex in the last war with Great Britain, and she was
partly manned by men from corapany B, under Lieutenant
Trotter, of the Twenty- Third Indiana. Preserving the line
which had been forraed at the first moveraent, the Carondelet
came next, then the flag-ship, the Cincinnati, with Coramo
dore Foote on board, and then the St. Louis, with the wooden
gunboats in reserve.
The fleet reached the head of the island at half-past twelve.
The fort was in full view, with the rebel cabins and tents and
fluttering flag within the entienchments. All eyes w-ere upon
the flag-ship. Suddenly a flash and a cloud of smoke were
seen at her bow, and the boom of cannon was heard. In fif
teen seconds a puff of smoke and a cloud of sand were seen
within the fort, and the explosion of the shell from the Cin
cinnati was heard.
The other boats did just as the flag-ship did. Each threw
a sheU within the fort. Instantly shell and shot rained from
the fort on the river. Round after round of artUlery from
fort and fleet shook the placid air, and awoke unaccustomed
echoes. The troops, stiuggling through mud and woods two
miles away, tried to quicken thefr march, but the roads were
too bad for any other than the slowest movement, and no
attack was made on the rear of the fort; the way to Fort
Donelson was not even obstructed. The slow, steady fire
of the gunboats, however, was enough. Every shot told,
knocking sand bags about, tossing up the logs of the cabms,
and confounding the men. All but a smaU band of Rebels
fled, some along the road leading to Fort Donelson, some to
a smaU steamer which lay in the creek above the fort
The fight went on, for the little band was brave. It was
skilful, too. Nearly every shot stiuck the boats, but, though
the iron plating rang with sharp blows, though bolts broke
and the vessels tiembled under repeated shocks, they moved
on, none crippled or delayed, untU a shot struck the Essex
between the iron plates and tore tMough her thick timbers
into one of her steam boUers, Wrapped in a white cloud the

gQO THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
stricken boat floated helpless down the stream, twenty.nine
of her officers and raen scalded and dying. David Wilson,
the gun-captain, was mortaUy injured, but heke[)r.on working
his gun. Lieutenant Trotter and nearly all of the Twenty-
Third who were on board, were scalded.
The Rebels were encouraged by the disappearance of the
Essex, but the Commodore was not discouraged, and he con
tinued his steady firing untU the Rebel flag came down and
a white flag went up.
The repeated and prolonged shouts which greeted the flag
of surrender frora the crowded steamers, roused the dulled
senses of a poor, scalded raan on the Essex. " What is it?"
he asked, " The fort is ours," Springing from his bunk, he
ran up the hatchway, and cheered untU he feU senseless on
the deck. He died the same night.
The first person met by the officers, who went ashore to
bring General TUghman to the flag-sMp for an interview with
the Commodore, was a black mail. With deUght and terror
struggling on his face, and with upUfted hands, he asked)
"Afore God, sir, is Massa Linkum comin' in dat boat?"
The surrender was unconditional, and took place only an,
hour and twelve minutes from the firing of the first shot.
Commodore Foote could not sleep that night "for thinking
of the poor feUows on board the Essex," The loss by scald
ing was nearly equal to the kUled and wounded on both sides
by EirtiUery,
When the Eleventh reach Fort Heiman, nobody was to be
seen but an old, frightened black man, who stood at the en
trance of a deserted camp. He said the Rebels had been
gone an hour or t^vo, and had left aU thefr camp equipage,
with provisions, many guns and some ammunition. The uni-
finished state of the fort was ascribed by the negro to the
fright his masters had received at the tirae of the Federal
exploring expedition from Paducah to CaUoway Landing,
as they had then sent off the slaves to safer territory, and
were unwUling to continue the labor themselves. " Dey were
bro't up to 'pend on de mgger, arid dey couldn't work dem*
selves." General Smith was desfrous of sending dispatches to Gen-

A TROUGH AND A SPADE. 291
eral Grant on the evenmg of Ms arrival at Fort Heiraan, but
there were no boats, and the river was swift and a half raUe
•wide. His engineers tiied to construct a raft, but faUed,
Lieutenant McMuUen, company C, of the Eleventh Indiana,
offered his services. General Smith accepted them, caution
ing him at the same time against exposing his Ufe, and dfrect-
ing him, if he found it dangerous to cross, to go down the
bank and tiy to hail a gunboat. Mc Mullen went to the wagon
tiain, provided himself with a feed-trough and a spade, and
boldly paddled out into the river. In the middle the current
was stiong, and threatened to engulf his clumsy craft; but
after a stiuggle he landed safely, and deUvered his dispatches.
The praises of the old Coramodore were on every tongue,
because he declared to the Rebel coraraander, " I was deter
mined to take the fort or goto the bottora;" but his spirit
was no bolder nor firraer than that of the Lieutenant who
made his way through the rushing -waters -with only his
tiough and his spade.
Dfrectly after the capture of Fort Henry Comraodore Foote
sent Captain Phelps, of the Conestoga, with his own boat,
the Lexington and the Tyler, on a reconnoissance up the
river. The Tyler was under the coramand of Lieutenant WUliam
Gwin, who was an Indianian by bfrth, and whose home was
still in Indiana. He was educated partly in Cincinnati,
partly in Vincennes and partly in the Naval Academy in An
napolis, He had spent the most of his life since 1847 on the
sea, and had met with "moving accidents by flood and field,"
He was cruising in the East on a vessel officered almost en-
thely by Southern traitors when the rebeUion broke out. All
hastened home to take part in the war, Gwin was employed
by the Government inthe servicealong the Atlanticcoast untU
in January, at. his own request, he was directed to report to
Commodore Foote at Cairo. He was by the Comraodore
placed in coramand of the Tyler.
The reconnoitring vessels left Fort Henry on the Gth of Feb-
mary, and returned on the 10th, having been as far as Florence,
Alabama. They pajTtly destroyed the bridge by which raUroad
communication was made between Columbus and BowUng

292 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
Green, chased and captured several steamboats, with great
quantities of supplies for the Confederate army, took a large
amount of timber and lumber, enlisted twenty-five Tennes
seeans for the Union army, and broke up a Rebel encamp
ment. With gi-eat delight they discovered the existence of
undying patiiotism far within the Confederacy. In many
places enthusiastic joy was manifested on thefr appearance.
Men, women and children stood in crowds of hundreds on the
shore, shouting thefr welcome and haiUng the National flag
with heartfelt happiness, whUe tears flowed down thefr faces,
A few passages from a baUad published among the floating
literature of the day may depict better than an attempted
description, the mingled joy and sorrow, and also the instinctive
desire of the loyal heart to bestow the now appreciated boon
of Uberty on the slave. The generous soul would share all
its joys. ON THE SHORES OP TENNESSEE.
"Move my arm-chair, faithful Pompey,
In the sunshine bright and strong,
For this world is fading, Pompey —
Massa won't be with you long;
And I fain would hear the south-wind
Bring once more the sound to me,
Of the wayelets softly breaking
On the shores of Tennessee,
Mournful though the ripples murmnr
As they still the story tell,
How no vessels float the banner
I have loved so long and welL
I shall listen to their music,
Dreaming that again I see
Stars and Stripes on sloop and shallop
Sailing up the Tennessee.
And, Pompey, while old Massa' s waiting
For death's last dispatch to come,
If that exiled starry banner
Should come proudly sailing home,
You shall greet it, slave no longer—
-Voice and hand shall both be free
That shout and point to Union colon,
On the Waves of Tennessee,''

"HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE." 565
" To the Twenty-First Indiana a high meed of praise is
awarded. ' Honor to whom honor is due.' Deprived of the
services of their brave Colonel, who, suffering under wounds
previously received, essayed twice to join his regiraent in the
fight, but fell frora his horse from weakness, with every field
officer wounded and borne from the field, their Adjutant, the
gallant Latham, killed, seeing their General fall while uttering
his last known words on earth, * Indianians, your field officers
are all killed, I will lead you!' stUl this brave corps fought on
without a thought of defeat. Lieutenant- Colonel Keith was
everywhere, cheering on his raen, and directing their move
ments, and even after his very severe wound, he gave them
advice and assistance. Major Hays, while sustaining the
charge of the enemy, wounded early in the action, showed
himself worthy of his regiment,"
Among those who have honorable mention in General
Butler's order, occur " Captain James Grimsley, Twenty-First
Indiana, who commanded the regiment after Colonel Keith
was wounded, for his gallant behavior in following up the
battle to its complete success ; Adjutant jftatthew A, Latham,
Lieutenant Charles B. Seely, Orderiy- Sergeant John A Boy-
ington, Corporal Isaac Knight and private Henry T. Batch-
elor, aU instantly kUled; Captain Noblet, for detailing men
from his compajiy to assist in working the guns of the Sixth
Massachusetts battery, after the gunners were disabled; Lieu
tenant Brown, commanding a battery improvised from his
regiment He deserves promotion to a battery."
It may be added here that the battie of Baton Rouge was
fought with great bravery by aU the troops in General WU-
Uams' Uttie army, as even the unfortunate Vermont regiment
was exonerated from the charge of cowardice by a mUitary
court; and it may also be added, without vanity or exagera-
tion,that the regiment which most distinguished itself on the
5th of August was the Twenty-First Indiana.
The gunboat Arkansas took no part in the engageraent
Having broken her machinery, and run aground, she was
destioyed by her coraraander. Her destiuction raay be con
sidered as forming the conclusion of the Baton Rouge
battle.) 37

56Q THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA
Colonel Paine, of the Fourth Wisconsin, succeeded Gen
eral WiUiams in comraand of the forces at Baton Rouge.
Under his direction we threw up fortifications. In tho middle
of August General Butler withdrew aU the land forces from
Baton Rouge, and stationed our regiment at Carrolton.
From this time throughout the year our history consists of
little but a succession of reconnoissances and fights %vith
guerrUlas. On the 4th of September we dispersed a band of
guerrillas in the cane-brakes a few miles above Algiers, and
rescued nine wqunded Vermonters who had faUen into their
hands, and had been treated with great inhuraanity.
September 8th, in corapany with two other regiments, we
went twenty-five miles above New Orleans, and in the Des
AUemand's swaraps we encountered a regiment of Texan
Rangers which had been firing on our steamers on the river.
After a scattering ffre we drove them through rice-fields and
cane-brakes into the morass, where we found their horses,
with all their accoutiements. We killed twelve and took
Ihirty or forty prisoners, without losing any from our force.
General Butler never had a large force in his department,
and either because as a prudent and humane officer he thought
it unadvisable to make conquests which he might not be able
to hold, or because, as the Southern historian suggests, "the
tyrant of New Orleans was a man utterly destitute of mili
tary ability, whose ferocious genius was expended on a war
of non-combatants," he made little attempt to extend the
area of conquest. Nevertheless, when the enemy ceased to
threaten New Orleans and its outposts, he determined to
establish the authority of the United States in the Lafourche
district, and open communication with Berwick bay, both
by land and water. General Weitzel nobly executed the
task with a force which consisted almost entirely of Ver
mont, Connecticut and Massachusetts troops, the Twenty-
First having no part in the expedition, except in the previous
reconnoissances. Our raost important reconnoitring expedition commenced
on the 22d of September, when three hundred and fifty raen,
under Colonel McMUlan, went to DonaldsonviUe, and imme
diately after landing proceeded down the south side of Bayou

NEAR BRASHEAR. ggy
Lafourche, in search of a reported encampment of five hun
dred of the enemy. We sheUed cane-fields and sugar-houses
started a few squads of cavalry, and captured several horses'
but we did not find the encampment The next morning we
crossed the bayou and went down the other bank on a single
narrow road, with fields on one side and the stream on the
other. We had constant evidences of the proximity of the
enemy, but did not discover his presence untU we commenced
with our three brass cannon to sheU a sugar-house, in which
we understood a smaU force was concealed.
Our fire was replied to by nine weU-directed guns. The
eneray in large nurabers was in ambush. Nevertheless, we
not only held our ground, but, partially concealed and shel
tered by cane-fields, our sldrmishers crawled forward very near
the Rebel position, and Colonel McMUlan was preparing to
give an order to charge, when he discovered a force advancing
towards our rear. We immediately retreated, and, though
pursued, reached the river with no loss, except of Lieutenant
Harding, who was captured while climbing a fence.
October 24th we embarked on the St. Mary, and went to
Berwick bay, where, with other forces, we were to cut off the
enemy as he was driven out of Lafourche by General Weitzel..
We were detained, however, four days by the bars at the
mouth of the bay, and during the time the Rebels escaped,.
We did not return to CarroUton, but encamped near Bra-
shear, where we resumed operations against guerrilla parties
and portions of the Confederate army which were collecting
in this region. None of these operations were of great im
portance, yet all were of such a character as to require con
stant watchfulness and exertion on our part, with sometimes-
no little suffering. In December companies A and C, which
were sent up Vermillion bay to destroy the salt works there,,
and which, not expecting to be absent a night, took no blan
kets along, were aground on a sand-bar sixteen days. Oysters
were easily caught, and they prevented starvation, but the
cold w-as painful.
The Rebel gunboat Cotton, which fired on us when we first
entered Berwick bay, was a constant annoyance, and its
destruction was repeatedly attempted by General Weitzel's-

568 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
force. At last, after a two days' battle in Bayou Teche, the
Confederates were defeated, and destioyed the vessel to pre
vent her falUng into Union hands. In several attacks on the
Cotton the Twenty-Ffrst had taken an active part, but in the
last decisive engagement the regiment was in reserve, and
did not participate.
The year 1862 closed with the Twenty-Ffrst Indiana regi
ment stUl at Brashear, advanced Uke a sentinel on the extieme
southwestern point held by the National forces.

GENERAL POPE.

569

CHAPTER XL.
GENERAL POPE'S CAMPAIGN IN VIRGINIA.
'The true hero of the war is, after all, the American people."— rAomaj
Hughes. June 27th, 1862, Major General Pope entered upon the
comraand of the Array of Virginia, which was formed of the
right wing of the old Army of the Potomac, the corps of
Fremont, Banks and McDoweU.
A mischievous boy, thrusting a stick into a yeUow jacket's
nest, could not have made proportionately a greater stfr or
stinging than this western commander on his introduction
into his new and lofty position.
The first to take offense was General Fremont, whose skin
was thin and doubtless sore. Regarding the appointment of
a personal enemy, and a subordinate, to the position of his
immediate superior as a suggestion that his services were no
longer desfred, he resigned.
The army on the James was the next party offended. Gen
eral Pope's more frank than gracious introduction of hiraself
to the Array of Vfrgiraa was the occasion. He said:
" I have come to you from the West, where we have always
seen the backs of our enemies, — from an array, whose busi
ness it has been to seek an enemy, and beat Mm when found,
whose policy has been attack and not defence. I presume I
have been caUed here to pursue the same system, and to lead
you against the enemy. In the meantime, I desire you to
dismiss certain phrases I am sorry to find much in vogue
amongst you. I hear constantly of taking strong positions
and holding them, of lines of retieat and bases of supplies.
Let us discard aU such ideas. The strongest position a sol
dier should desire is one from which he can most easUy
advance against the enemy. Let us study the probable Une

570 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
of retieat of our opponents, and leave our own to take care
of itself. Let us look before us, and not behind. Success
and glory are in the advance — disaster and shame lurk in the
rear." The zealous General further offended the army on the
James by declaring his headquarters to be in the saddle, which
was understood to be an assumption of superior activity. He
offered a reward of five cents for the return of an officer who
was absent from duty on account of a cut in the finger. Offi
cers who were visiting their homes, and officers who were on
the point of requesting furloughs, regarded this issue as the
unkindest cut of aU,
But by far the most deadly affront given by the porcupine
General waste the Confederacy, which instantly pronounced
him an unchivalrous foe, declared him and his officers not
entitled to be considered soldiers, ordered such as were captured
to be held in close confinement, without hope of exchange,
and directed that a commissioned officer should be hung for
every citizen killed.
Stringent orders of General Pope in reference to citizens
within his lines formed the dfrect occasion of the Confederate
indignation. These orders were to the effect that the army
should be subsisted on the country if proper officers could
collect sufficient supplies ; that the inhabitants should be held
responsible for injuries to raifroads, telegraph lines and routes
of travel, and for the acts of guerrUlas, and that all disloyal
citizens within the lines of the army should take tho oath of
aUegiance or be conducted to the South, to return at the peril
of their lives. As citizens within the lines were almost with
out exception in the enemy's service, and as such orders had
long been the law of the whole South, the Confederate indig
nation might be caUed extieme.
People Uke grit, provided they themselves are safe from
exposure or injury, and a loyal citizen of Fredericksbmg, a
South CaroUnian by birth, expressed a wide spread ojiinion
when he said, " I had begun to despair, but at last .1 see a
gleam of light" General Pope's own troops were generally
satisfied. His messengers were chiefly Indianians, of the
First cavalry, who, whUe they were Fremont's escort, had

INDIANA TROOPS. 57I
often felt themselves half rewarded for sleepless nights and
restless days by the kind consideration of thefr commander.
« General Pope treated us Uke dogs," said one of them, as he
thoughtfully reviewed the Virginia summer campaign of
1862; "he never noticed us except to give us an order. But
we Uked Mm. We thought him a great man."
The Army of Virginia, when General Pope assumed com
mand, numbered forty thousand. He partiaUy concentrated
it by removing General Banks, and General Sigel, Fremont's
successor, to points east of the Blue Ridge, posting them so
that no considerable body of the enemy could enter the vaUey
without being intercepted. He advanced Ricketts' division
of McDowell's corps to Waterloo bridge over the North Fork
of the Rappahannock, leaving King's division at Fredericks
burg. The Indiana troops in the Army of Vfrginia were the
Seventh, Nineteenth and Twenty- Seventh infantry regiments,
the Thfrd cavalry, Sharra's and Majthenyi's companies of the
First cavafry, the Sixteenth battery, and the battaUon of the
Sixty-Third infantry, which, until the last of May, hadguardcd
the prisoners of war in Indianapolis.
' The Nineteenth spent the first year of its military life in
driUing, building forts, making bridges, repairing roads, doing
picket duty, and in suffering measles, small pox and all other
Uls the soldier is heir to ; in consequence its number was
much diminished. In May it moved with McDoweU's corps
to Fredericksburg, and the same month marched as far west
as Warrenton, Returning to Fredericksburg, it encamped
on the opposite side of the river. It was in Gibbon's brigade,
King's division.
The Seventh Indiana, with the other regiments of its bri
gade, was united to General Ricketts' division of McDowell's
corps on the departue of Shields to join the army on the
James, and remained at Alexandria.
The Twenty-Seventh was still in Gordon's brigade of
WUliams' division of Banks' corps, which had a season of
rest after the departure of General Jackson from the valley.
The Sixteenth battery, under the superintendence of
Charies A. Naylor, one of the best, and most beloved citizens

572 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA,
of Lafayette, was organized in IndianapoUs in February, and
encamped in Washington in June. In the sarae month it
was attached to Banks' corps.
The Third cavalry marched from Bristow station, on the
Orange and Alexandria raUroad, the 7th of July, to report to
General King. It went into camp at Falmouth, and was
iraraediately engaged in picketing and scouting,
Sharra's and Majthenyi's companies were Sigel's escort, but
were chiefly employed as messengers.
The Cabinet, of which General PlaUeek, now commander
of all the land forces of the United States, was a member,
weighed the question of uniting the armies of McCleUan
and Pope, as, in its present condition, the old Army of the
Potomac was split into two parts, between which^was the
entire force of the enemy. After much consideration McClel
lan was ordered to unite with Pope on the Rappahannock,
and to effect the purpose, aU the vessels in the James and the
Chesapeake, together with the transports which carried the
corps of General Burnside frora Newport News to Aquia
creek, were placed at the disposal of McClellan.
About the sarae time Mr. Lincoln issued an order, caUing
out an additional three hundred thousand men to serve nine
months; and the Confederate Government determined to
abandon the defensive policy by recovering Tennessee and
Virginia, invading Kentucky, freeing Maryland from the
National authority, and capturing Washington, Harrisburg,
Philadelphia and Cincinnati.
The removal of the array on the James, without involving
the destiuction of the army on the Rappahannock, was a
problem which required that the commanders should work
not only with skiU, but in harmony. It was necessary that
Pope should threaten the north and northwest approaches of
Richmond in order to draw attention from the embarkation
of McClellan, and equally important that the latter should
unite his forces with the Army of Virginia before Lee could
mass his troops in its front.
Twelve days after McCleUan received his orders he set his
army in motion towards Yorktown, The Twentieth Indiana
was a portion of the flanli guard ; the Thfrteenth and Four-

SCOUTING AND SKIRMISHING. 573
teenth, as part of Sumner's corps, protected the rear. These
two regiments had seen hard times on the peninsula, having
been employed, during twenty days as outlying pickets, with
out tents, or other covering, and alraost night and day in
contact with the eneray.
Late in July General Pope advanced beyond the Rappa
hannock, General Banks moved to the neighborhood of Cul
pepper, and two bodies of cavafry, under Bayard and Buford,
to the fords of the Rapidan, the south branch of the Rappa
hannock, The cavalry kept a sharp lookout, and none were
more active than the Third Indiana, before Pope's extreme
left at Fredericksburg, On the 21st, Lieutenant Mofiitt and
six enlisted men were captured, about twenty-five miles from
Fredericksburg. The next evening a detachment, about one
hundred and thirty strong, under Major Chapman, with an
equal force of Harris' light cavalry, the whole under the com
mand of Lieutenant- Colonel Kilpatrick, was sent out with
orders to proceed to Mt Carmel church, some thfrty mUes
distant, on the telegraph road to Richmond, and break up a
camp reported to be there. The same evening the column
marched fourteen mUes and halted. Early in the morning
the march was resumed, and Mt, Carrael was reached at eight.
A squad of Rebel cavah-y had been encaraped near the church,
but had withdrawn to the south side of the North Anna river,
and taken position on the Virginia Cential raifroad, at Ander
son's Tm-nout. Colonel Kilpatrick, accordingly, after consul
tation with his officers, determined to continue the recon
noissance. A sraall scouting party of the Rebels, coming in contact
with the advance, gave notice of the approach of a hostile
force, and the squadron was found drawn up under arms.
Major Chapman, with about forty men of his command,
charged and routed them, taking several prisoners, and cap
turing and burning aU their camp and garrison equipage.
The column now started on its return, and reached camp
the sarae evening, having marched seVenty mUes in about
twenty-nine hours.
On the 5th of August the Third cavalry and Nmeteenth
infantiy formed part of a force which was dfrected to damage

574 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
the Vfrginia Central raUroad, General Gibbon was in com
mand. The Third cavafry skirmished slightly with a consider
able body of the enemy at the Matta river, but the expedition
was not successful.
August 8th General Jackson began a reconnoissance in
force, with his own troops, and portions of Ewell's and Hill's,
to discover the strength of Pope's army about Culpepper.
Forcing Bayard to retreat, he crossed the Rapidan, and during
the night took possession of Cedar or Slaughter mountain,
on the cleared slopes, wooded sides and ravines of which he
advantageously posted his forces.
Early in the morning of the Oth, General Banks, who, on
the previous day, had sent forward Crawford's brigade to
support Bayard, moved, with the rest of his corps, south of
Cedar run, and towards the base of the mountain. He moved .
cautiously, as, whatever the force of the eneray, his position
was such as to render him formidable, and as he approached
he formed in line of battle.
Gordon's brigade had the extreme right; Crawford's was
next; Geary and Prince had the centie, and Green the left
The chief of artillery had a large number of batteries at his
command, but could find position for only four, one of which
was the Sixteenth Indiana.
Late in the afternoon General Pope at Culpepper was
reading a message frora Banks, assuring him that there was
no prospect of a battle, when a sudden increase in the rapid
ity of firing, which had continued at intervals through the
day, made him spring on his horse, and, with Sigel and
McDowell, hasten towards the swelling sounds of conflict.
The battle was brought on by the di-awing together of the
opposing lines of skirmishers, and was taken up by Geary's
brigade, which advanced to meet the enemy's advancing
front. Prince foUowed Geary, and both, fighting sturdily,
moved on steadily. General Crawford's brigade raoved from
a grove, in the shade of which it stood, into an imraense
field, and over the stubble of newly reaped wheat, towards
the enemy's left, which was silent and dark in the thick woods
of the mountain. All at once the woods -were ablaze with
musketry, Crawford poured back as hot a fire, but the enemy

CEDAR HILL. 575
-was protected while he was exposed, and he could not stand.
As he retreated, out of the woods, into the wide stubble field
came the Third Wisconsin, the Second Massachusetts and
the Twenty-Seventh Indiana, making their way over dead
and wounded towards their own death. Thirty minutes they
stood unflinching under a steady fire. The spot that had
witnessed the decimation of Crawford's brigade, seemed des
tined to see the destruction of Gordon's ; but a flanldng move
ment of the enemy warned the commander, and a retreat
was ordered.
When General Pope reached the ground, he ordered Rick
etts to the right of Banks, and raoved Gordon's broken regi
ments to the centie, but twUight put an end to the battle.
General Milroy's brigade arrived at the front after eight
o'clock, and was posted on the left of Banks, Ms cavalry in
line, under protection of the woods near the enemy, Milroy
advanced alone and reconnoitred,
A Confederate battery suddenly opened on the batteries of
Banks, near which fires had been incautiously made. The
Seventh Indian-a, which was standing far in the front on
guard, had discovered the battery not fifty yards to the left
of the regiment, but its report was regarded as a mistake and
received no attention. Under a weU dfrected fire, the Seventh
feU back over the brow of a hUl, and formed again in ranks ;
but a general alarm, out of aU proportion to the cause, was
produced, and infantiy, cavalry and artUlery rushed headlong
to the rear. The confusion was not controled untU two
o'clock. At daylight the Union pickets advanced slowly, supported
by Milroy's brigade. Within two hundred yards of the Rebel
skirmishers they came to a stand untU noon, the enemy occa-
sionaUy firing by companies, and Mifroy occasionally sending
out a few sheUs. Dming the afternoon the Confederates were
pushed back three-quarters of a mUe, and late in the day
MUroy succeeded in getting and carrying from the field about
a hundred of the wounded.
Monday was spent by both armies on the battie-ground, m
burial services and attending to the wounded, who had lam

576 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA,
aU Sunday under a burning sun, with no companions but
the dead.
The loss was heavy, more than fifteen hundred kiUed,
wounded and missing out of eight thousand engaged.
On the evening of the 11th Pope was reinforced by the
whole of King's division, except the Thfrd Indiana cavafry,
which was left in front of Fredericksburg, He iraraediately
pressed on towards the South, driving the Confederates in
fuU flight On the 15th, strengthened by General Reno, with
eight thousand raen from Burnside's corps, he advanced his
whole army to tUe Rapidan, placing the right, under Sigel,
on Robertson's river, where the road from Cedar mountain to
Orange Court House crosses the stream; the centre, under
McDoweU, on both flanks of Cedar mountain ; and the left,
under Reno, near Raccoon ford, and covering the road from
the ford to Stevensburg and Culpepper, Cavafry guarded
the front from Raccoon ford to the base of the Blue Ridge.
The position was excellent, the tioops were buoyant, the Gen
eral felt strong.
At an early hour on the morning of the 18th, three Gen
erals, Pope, McDowell and Reno, met in the tent of General
Reno on the bank of the Rapidan, and discussed the situation.
While they quietly taUced, and reckoned on McCleUan's early
arrival, they stood unconsciously on the brink of a vast dan
ger. Beyond the low range of hUls which bounded thefr
vision on the further side of the river, rapidly massed and
overwhelming hostUe forces were even now harnessing thefr
horses, and sounding the call for advance.
The conference was interrupted by a note from General
Buford, calUng their attention to a man who accompanied
the bearer, and who, dripping wet, and in his shirt sleeves,
irapatientiy waited to irapart inteUigence.
To understand the intrusion, it is necessary to go back a
month, and give the adventures for that period of an indi
vidual. Sometime about the middle of July, whUe the first corps
of the Array of Virginia was still at Newtown in the vaUey,
Captain Sharra, of the First Indiana cavafry, caUed for a man
to carry an order from General Sigel to a small detachment

ONE STEP LEADS TO ANOTHER. 577
on Lost river, thfrty mUes southwest. There was a littie
delay before any one accepted the service, as a solitary jour
ney through Vfrginia mountains requfred more than ordinary
courage; but the delay was terminated by Thomas O. Harter,
an active and faithful scout. In accepting the service he
probably becarae a candidate for the higher and raore dan
gerous duty he was shortiy after called to perforra. An order
for the withdrawal of the exposed troops was given him, and
he set out, reaching Lost river at two in the morning, without
meeting a danger of which he was aware. His return was
as unmolested and as prompt.
July 21st, headquarters having been reraoved meantime to
SperryvUle, Harter was sumraoned to the presence of Gen
eral Sigel, who sraUingly asked him if he would like to go to
Richmond. Harter was surprised, and not knowing what to
say, he laughed. He had an innocent, boyish way of laugh
ing. He had, besides, a very fair complexion, and the wide,
open, clear blue eye often associated with extreme simplicity.
His glance was steady, his forehead broad, and his manners
easy and indifferent, with, perhaps, a touch of audacity. A
heavy yellow beard covered the lower part of his face.
General Sigel resumed : " I must have information in regard
to the reinforcements and movements of the Rebel army, and
I want a man to go to Staunton, Stannardsville, Gordons-
vUle, Charlottesville, through Central Virginia indeed, as far,
if possible, as Richmond." He then detaUed minutely what
he desired, spoke also of the consequences of discovery, but
added, " I could do such a tMng myself, and I think you can."
The soldier reflected; he was not an imaginative man, but
involuntarUy he saw the crooked path of the spy leading under
the gaUows, into the noose, down into the open coflin, down
further into shame and ignominy. But it was for his country,
and was it not somebody's duty? How was he better than
another, that he should shirk fr? Few could be spared so
weU, for his parents were dead, and he was not married. What
had he enUsted for? Death, if it came in his way, certainly.
What was this, but the very thing, right in his way? And,
after aU, it was only risk, not certain death; many spies
escaped, and he was as sharp as anybody. ¦ He Uked the

578 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA,
exercise of ingenuity and skUl; it was worth something to
see the inside of the Confederacy, and besides he justiy felt
complimented to be chosen for a service which requfred rare
intelligence and coolness.
" When do you want me to start? " " To-night" " I wUl
go. When do you want me to be back?" "Within three
weeks." " You wiU fit me out with a citizen's suit ? " "Yes,
and an unbranded horse ; of course there must be nothing in
your appearance to show that you have been in the service
of the Government."
At nine in the evening, Harter started on his perilous jour
ney. Crossing the dark wUdernesses of the Blue Ridge, he
reached the western side of the mountains by morning, and
he rode solitary and undisturbed along the crooked highways,
which in that region are called nigger-paths, until he arrived
at Luray. Enqufring how he raight avoid the Federal lines,
he was directed to the Sheriff, who shut all his doors and
windows before, in frightened whispers, he ventured to point
out a mountain road to Honeyville, which was in possession
of the Confederates. After pursuing the road designated t-wo
hours, and passing Honeyville without seeing it, Plarter
stopped at the house of some Germans, who were violent
secessionists. Here he discovered, what he afterwards had
abundant occasion to verify, that woraen are more suspicious
or keener of vision than men. The mistress of the house,
after sharply eyeing him, denounced him as a spy to a party
of soldiers who entered. They instantly arrested him, and
conducted him back to HoneyviUe, On the. way he managed
to destroy the pass given him by General Sigel. It was a
very little piece of paper, hidden in the lining of his drawers.
An examination produced no proof, but did not aUay suspi
cion, and he was sent the next morning across the river to
Ashby's cavalry, by whom he was forwarded to Horrieonburg,
Here he boarded himself a few days, but had no other lib
erty. Time was precious, and he urged the authorities to set
him free, or to send him to Richmond.
At length he was ordered to join twelve prisoners from
Sigel's army, and go with them to Staunton. He met the
party with some tiepidation, but fortunately the prisoners

TOWARDS RICHMOND. 579
were aU stiangers. At Staunton he was brought before the
Provost Marshal, Captain Avis, the executioner of John
Brown, and a man who looked the executioner, " To what
regiment do you belong?" he asked, in a surly tone, and being
answered evasively, without a word more, he put the prisoner
in irons.
The next day Harter was set to work to assist an Irishraan
' at the depot load and unload flour wagons. The second day
of this work, he stepped on an engine, and entering into con
versation -with an engineer, said that he had forraerly been
engaged on railroads, and would like to be employed in the
same way again. The man advised him to make application
to H, D. Whitcomb, superintendent of the Vfrginia Central
raifroad, Whitcomb was at hand, and learning that the
applicant had been employed on the Terre Haute and Alton
railroad, questioned him as to the names of the officers of
that road, with some of whom he was acquainted, and closed
the interview by giving Harter a recommendatory letter to
Captain Avis, As railroad men were in such demand in the
Confederacy that they were exempt from,military duties, and
received high wages, it was not thought strange that a North
erner should seek a situation on a Vfrginia road.
Harter gave his guard a silver half dollar to put the letter
in the hands of Avis as if it came directly frora Whitcomb.
In consequence he the next day received an examination.
Nothing could be proved against him, but Avis, stUl regard
ing him with suspicion, sent him under guard to Richmond,
The day before. General Pope had cut the Virginia Cen
tial raUroad at FrederickshaU, and the first Richmond train,
forced to return, entered GordonsviUe just as the train con
taining the prisoner arrived. Taking advantage of the
confusion, Harter stepped on the engine and looked on at
the frightened and wrathful crowd, amusing himself with the
anxiety of his guards, who sought him in every dfrection.
When the train had retiaced its way thirty miles to Char-
lottesviUe, he showed Mmself, laughing, to his keepers, and
they, from that moment, had no further suspicion as to his
character. He invited thera to a hotel, gave them supper and
lodging, discussed with them the propriety of going back

580 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
to Staunton, or on to Richmond, and influenced them to
proceed. The route they now pursued took them through Lynchburg,
and brought them into Richmond on the Danville roa,d. The
guards received a receipt for the delivery of the prisoner,
shook hands with him cordially, wished him his freedom, and
left him standing alone at the door of the Provost Marshal's
office. As the marshal was ranch engaged, and had given
him only a careless glance, Harter determined to dispose of
Mmself, accordingly he went to a hotel and enjoyed a com
fortable night,
"Here's the very man we are looking for!" exclaimed the
neglectful officer, as Harter, the next morning, entered his
office, with an indifferent air, "What does this mean sir?"
"What?" asked Harter, innocently, though he could not but
know that soldiers had been looking for him aU night; " I'm
not under arrest now, am I?" " Certainly you are!" was the
indignant reply. " Why, I didn't know it," said Harter, " you
must really excuse me."
His siraple surprise put the Provost Marshal in a good
huraor, and, after a little friendly conversation, during which
he read Mr. Whitcorab's letter to Captain Avis, he sent the
prisoner to General Winder.
At the close of a rigid exaraination, in which Harter uttered
no word of falsehood, Winder asked, "Young man, what
assurance have I of the truth of what you say?" "You
have nothing but my word. General," said the spy, " unless
you wiU let me go to work." General Winder looked hard
into the eyes of the prisoner, and seeraed to weigh the tones
of his soft, shaUow voice. Harter did not wince under the
scrutiny, and Winder, stiU looking at him, and speaking slowly
as if not quite assured, said, " You may have the liberty of
the city, while I make further inqufry."
The city was fuU of exultation over the withdrawal of
McCleUan's humbled and disappointed array. Personal
griefs were lost in the pubUc joy. AU the inspfriting sounds
of war constantly rang along the streets, as tioops day and
night passed through on thefr way to reinforce General
Jackson.

IN RICHMOND, 581
At this time occurred the execution of Wheeler, a Union
spy, who was betiayed by the confession of his dying com
rade, a Catholic, to a Confederate officer disguised as a priest.
Every man, woman and chUd was on the lookout for enemies
to the Confederacy, and Harter, while he was much on the
stieets, prudently kept aloof from intercourse with the citi
zens. He was full of anxiety; the time allowed him by Sigel
was sUpping by, and every hour increased the vast force which
threatened Pope's front. Three times he petitioned General
Winder for a pass to Charlottesville. After eight days in
Richmond, he received a pass, and set out, ostensibly in search
of railroad employment, really on his return. General Lee
and other prominent officers were on the same train. They
stopped at GordonsviUe, where General Jackson and the
greater part of his army was encamped, and Harter stopped
at the sarae place.
The next morning, August 16th, the army took up the Une
of march to the Rapidan, Harter, as if fired with enthusiasm
by the sight of the grand array, went to General A, P. Hill
and offered his services as scout. General HUl complimented
the applicant for preferring the dangers which beset the scout
to the lucrative security of the railroad engineer, and prom
ised to get him a horse, giving Mm meantime permission to
rideln an ambulance.
The Confederate army, shielded frora the view of the Union
outposts by a ridge of hiUs extending along the right bank
of the Rapidan, marched almost to Raccoon ford, and en
camped under Clark's hill. No fires were made.
The next day, Sunday, not a wheel was turned; stiUness
prevailed through the army; the vast multitude seemed
imbued with the devotional spirit of General Jackson. He,.
however, attended to such business as he considered neces
sary. In the afternoon, as the spy, with his eyes shut, lay laai
clump of low cedars, three ofiicers of Mgh rank threw them
selves on the ground in the shade of the empty ambulance,
which was near. One, with long, Ught hafr curUng on his-
shoulders " like the ringlets of a great, big giri," he recognized
as General HUl. Another he heard addressed as General
38

582 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
TaUaferro. The singular appearance of the thfrd convinced
the spy that he was no less a personage than General Jackson
The Generals spread out maps, and in low tones talked of
movements to be commenced the next day. Harter gathered
that Longstieet waste cross the Rapidan some distance above
Pope's right, and get round to his rear, while Lee and Jack
son were to attack the Union front The Generals seemed
united in their belief that Pope's forces would be captured or
scattered after suffering a total defeat, and that the way to
Washington would then be open, as certainly would be the
case. Harter's budget was now full, and his anxiety was intol
erable, but his mind could suggest no feasible plan of escape.
Early Monday morning he went up on Clark's mountain to
get a view of the situation ; there he found many Confederate
officers with their glasses exaraining the approaches to the
Union army. He went back, and entered a farm house for
his breakfast. While he sat here, pickets came running in,
hatless and breathless, with the intelligence that a troop of
Pope's cavafry had surprised them, and had captured several
of a signal corps on Clark's raountain.
General Jackson sent two regiraents to the right and left
to surround the cavalry. Harter, unnoticed in the excitement,
followed the right hand regiraent, until he was beyond obser
vation, when he stole into the woods and cautiously made his
way to the river bank. He left his coat on the ground, and,
with his boots swung round his neck, swam the Rapidan. He
entered the Union lines without any difliculty, and went to
the tent of General Buford, who recognized him, and sent
him, dripping as he was, to General Pope. Barely an liour
had elapsed since he left Jackson's camp.
McDoweU and Reno Ustened calmly as he stated the posi
tion of the Confederate army, and related what he had over
heard of the Confederate plans. - General Pope was much
excited. " I did not know there was an armed Rebel this side
of GordonsviUe," he exclaimed. Harter was subjected to an
examination, during which he showed his pass from the War
Department at Richmond, Mr. Whitcorab's letter, and a late
Rebel paper. His inteUigence was confirmed by a letter,

TESTIMONY. ggg
written by General Lee at GordonsvUle, August 15th, to
General Stuart, and taken from the person of a prisoner cap
tured by a skirmishing company of cavalry.
It is needless to say that no time was lost by General Pope
in ordering a backward movement, but before detaiUng the
retieat, the foUowing letters, which witness to the tiuth of
Harter's story, are inserted.
Letter from Franz Sigel, Major General commanding first
corps of Army of the Potomac; "Near Fort DeI^alb.
To whom it may concern:
This is to certify that Thomas O. Harter, Sergeant in com
pany A, First regiment Indiana volunteer cavalry, was, on
the 21st day of July last, employed by me to go on a secret
mission. Furnished with a citizen's outfit, together with
horse and bridle, he left my quarters at SperryvUle on the
above mentioned day, with instiuctions to penetrate the
enemy's lines via Staunton, Charlottesville, StannardsviUe
and GordonsviUe, and, if possible, to report to me within
three weeks.
On the 18th day of August he reported at my headquar
ters, on the Robertson river, near the Rapidan, that the enemy
was advancing upon us in great force, where he was encaraped,
the names of the general officers comraanding, the probable
stiength of the eneray, and the contemplated plan of attack.
Subsequent information substantiated the correctness of Ser
geant Harter's statements.
The information being comraunicated to General Pope, he
was thereby enabled to take such measures as he deemed
necessary and prudent for the protection of his army.
I would, in consideration of the services of Thomas O.
Harter, recommend him to the favorable consideration of the
General Government" (Signed.)
Second letter from General Sigel:
"Near Fort DeKalb, Virginia, September 17, 1862,
Hon. John P. Usher:
Dear Sir— Sergeant Thomas O. Harter has requested me

584 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA,
to address you a note, and mention therein the value of the
service rendered our army by the information furnished by
him. I have already given him a certificate to that effect,
and have only to add that, but for the opportune arrival of
Harter at our headquarters on the Rapidan, on the 18th of
August, with a fuU account of the plans and designs of the
enemy, which were stated to General Pope, enabling him to
take such measures as the exigencies of the castf demanded
for the ptotection of Ms army, we should have labored under
much disadvantage, I had sent Harter out on the 21st of
July for the purpose of gathering such information as would
be useful to us in the conduct of the carapaign, and he ac
quitted himself in a manner to satisfy the confidence I reposed
in him,"
Letter from General McDowell: Washington, October 22, 1862,
" On the 18th of last August, being in company with Major
General Pope at the headquarters of General Reno, not far
from the Rapidan, at Raccoon ford, a person, representing
himself as a spy sent out by Major General Sigel, came to
General Pope, and represented himself as having just come
from the enemy's lines ; that he had been through thefr army
the larger part of which was but a short distance from the
river, in oui front,, behind a mountain ridge running parallel
with the river; that this army was on the point of marching,
had their teams ready to hitch up, and were evidently to
move at an early moment to turn our left. The information
as to the condition, position and force of the enemy induced
General Pope to order his own army to retreat immediately
behind the Rappahannock, The inforraation, given at the
tirae above stated, proved to be correct, and was of the high
est importance, as it enabled us to defeat the plans of the
enemy to get between us and the forces coraing to join us by
way of Fredericksburg and Manassas. I do not recoUect the
name of the raan who gave us the information, nor do I think
I should now recognize him,"
General Pope was no sooner satisfied of the truth of the

ON THE RAPPAHANNOCK. ggg
jy's report, than he gave orders for retieat behind the North
Fork of the Rappahannock. By meansof railway andwac^on
tiain, horse and foot, it commenced that very hour, and onWie
20th was entfrely effected, in spite of burning suns and chill-
ing dews; of crowded roads and choked up streams; of
the burden to each man of sixty pounds, which was the wei-ht
of the equipments of a soldier in the Eastern army; of fre- '
quent halts, three minutes or three hours long, always uncer
tain; of dust and tiiirst and haste, and of the enemy's cavalry
In his new position. General Pope had the short range of
the BuU Run mountains on his right, the Orange and Alex
andria raUroad on his left and rear, and the river on his front,
which was six or eight miles in extent. Thoroughfare Gap'
through which the Manassas raifroad passes, is not difficult
of defence, for, though it aUows the crooked passage of a
creek, a turnpike and a raifroad, its north side is almost inac
cessible to the foot of man, wMle the face of the southern
rock scarcely affords on its smooth surface foothold to a cling
ing plant; but, unfortunately, the mountains are accessible in
two other places. On the railroad are the stations of Manas
sas Junction, Bristow, Catiett's, Warrenton Junction, Beals-
ton, and, where the road crosses the river, Rappahannock.
The river is long, and in low water can be forded in fifty
places, yet it is often impassable, as, in the somewhat exag
gerated language of Mr, Lincoln, a heavy dew causes a
freshet. At every ford and at every bridge. General Lee tiied to
cross. On Pope's right Sigel met him, on his centre McDow
eU, and on his left Banks and Reno, Brigades, divisions and
corps were hm-ried from point to point as danger threatened.
On the 21st Sigel went down towards the railroad to the
assistance of McDoweU; on the 23d he hastened back to
Sulphur Spring, followed by McDoweU, Banks and Reno,
Artillery, crowning each height and commanding each bridge,
was almost constantly in play. On the mornings of the22d
and 23d the Sixteenth Indiana battery was the first in action.
On the 23d it stood in a group of pines, while they were
shorn by the enemy, and poured its fire until every gun of six
teen on the opposite height was silenced and withdrawn.

586 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA,
When Sigel started up the river to prevent the crossing of
the enemy near Sulphur Spring, General Mifroy was in the
rear of his corps, but gaining a direct road, the Indiana Gen
eral was soon in the advance. He crossed a bridge on sleep
ers, from which the Rebels had torn the planks, and drove the
eneray beyond a second stream ; but there he found himself
in a "hornet's nest. As if by magic, the woods and hiUs
were alive with the enemy; the deserted batteries were sud
denly raanned, and a serai-circle of guns, nearly a raile round,
poured a steady stream of shell and canister on the bridge."
Federal batteries hastened to the rescue, and under shelter
of their fire Milroy recrossed the sti-eam, and rejoined his
command. Neither vigUance nor valor, nor both together, availed. The
Confederates gained Pope's rear. First General Stuart, with
his cavalry, found his way round to Catiett's station, where
he burned wagons, captured horses, stole clothing and took
prisoner the sick and wounded in the hospitals. Next, Gen
eral Jackson, with all his men, came through Thoroughfare
Gap, before Pope had been able to get a force in its front,
and marched unopposed to Manassas and Bristow stations,
where they did not stint their enjoyment of the vast Federal
stores collected at both places, and where they also tore up
the raifroad, and destroyed the rolling stock.
During seven days, in which Pope with his single strength
beld off the mighty force of Lee, he almost hourly entreated
HaUeck for reinforcements, and HaUeck, in his turn, urged
McClellan to hasten to the field. At last the troops from the
peninsula began to di-ibble into the Army of Virginia; but
they reached the field unprepared for service. Heintzelman's
corps arrived at Warrenton Junction without artillery, with
out wagons, without even horses for the general and field
officers, and with only four rounds of ammunition to the man.
The corps of Porter had a very smaU supply of provisions, and
but forty rounds of aramunition to the man.
The Third Indiana cavalry was daily required to furnish
escorts and guides to the arriving tioops; it also furnished
details for picket duty. The Twentieth Indiana, as soon as
it arrived, was placed at Rappahannock station on guard.

BATTLE NEAR GAINSVILLE. 587
Near Bristow station General Hooker came in contact
with General Ewell's division of Jackson's corps, and routed
it after a sharp battle. General Kearney hastened to the
ground, joined Hooker, and, with him, followed the Confed
erates through CentrevUle and along the Warrenton turnpike.
On the 28th the two armies were oddly mixed together.
Longstreet's corps, nearing Thoroughfare Gap, and Rickett's
division guarding the gap, faced each other with very few
intervening miles. King's division. Gibbon's brigade in
advance, and Jackson's corps were rapidly moving, the one
west, the other east, on the Warrenton turnpike, while Heint-
zelraan was in the rear of Jackson, and hastening after him.
The circumstances of the two armies were similar in several
respects. Jackson was cut off from Lee; Pope was cut off
from Washington. Longstreet's troops were hungry ; Pope's
army had not enough to eat, Sigel was heard to say, "A biscuit
is worth more to us now than a bayonet." Jackson was
dependent on Longstreet's promptness and good faith ; Pope's
chief hope was in McClellan.
About sunset sudden and sharp artillery firing, having the
exact range of his brigade, informed Gibbon of the proximity
of the enemy. He immediately ordered his men to move up
and storm the battery. Tearing down a fence in their front,
they moved a few hundred feet through woods, and up a slope.
Doubleday's brigade was not slow to foUow. The Nineteenth
Indiana, now first in battle, had Gibbon's left " The com
manders of companies seemed to vie with each other in the
discharge of their duty. When the ranks were thinned out
by the deadly fire of the enemy, they were closed up with as
much promptness as if on drill." Major May was wounded
and crept into a thicket to avoid the tramp of fighting men.
The Confederates brought a battery to their right and threat
ened Meredith with an enfilading fire; but before it was in
action companies B and G wheeled at right angles to the
Une of the regiment and forced it back. Scarcely was this
success achieved, when a large force of infantry appeared on
the left, and Meredith in turn withdrew a few yards; but his
horse was shot, and faUing upon him, forced him to leave the
field. Lieutenant-Colonel Bachman assumed coramand, and

588 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
dfrected the regiraent with gaUantiy and skill, maintaining
the second line until, at night, the enemy ceased firing. The
battle lasted scarcely an hour, yet more than one-third of the
troops engaged were kUled or wounded.
The great slaughter is accounted for by the closeness of the
lines. During sorae moveraents, they were within easy speak
ing distance. A Lieutenant, with a few raen, standing on
the left to give notice of any attempt at flanking, saw in the
dark a body of soldiers move up towards the Rebel lines.
" Who goes there ? " he asked. " Twenty- Fourth Virginia,"
was the reply. "AU right. Pass Twenty-Fourth Virginia,"
said he, with a presence of mind which saved him and his
men from capture.
Several hours were spent in looking up the wounded, and
carrying them out of the forest to a temporary hospital, yet aU,
as it was afterwards discovered with grief, were not found.
The Nineteenth lost one hundred and eighty-seven killed
and wounded, and thfrty-three missing.
On the morning of the 29th Jackson's right rested above
and near the viUage of Groveton, which is on the Warrenton
turnpike, his left on the old battle-field of Manassas and near
Sudley Springs, Sigel, with Schurz on his right, fechenck on
his left, and Milroy on his centre, advanced towards him at
dawn. Near Young's creek, Milroy and Schenck, leaving
thefr men at breakfast, reconnoitred five hundred yards in
advance, and, discovering sharpshooters concealed in a wood,
called up a battery and chased them out The corps advanced
with skfrmishers deployed, and almost reached Jackson's main
force, which was securely posted behind a raUroad embank
ment Here a vehement artUlery and infantry contest lasted
four hours. At length Sigel's corps feU back, Mifroy being
the last to withdraw.
Heintzelman was early in position. Kearney held his rio-ht
wing, and Robinson, partiy in Une, partly in support, had
Kearney's right Early in the afternoon Robinson was sent
to the aid of Sigel. He drove forward several hundred yards,
but Sigel being forced back, he was left in front of all others,
with both flanks in air, and could advance no further, la
this exposed position his raen fired and hacked away with the

PREMATURE REJOICING.

589

same valor wtiich marked thefr career on the peninsula.
Colonel Brown feU at the hand of a sharpshooter. He spoke
no word after the bullet struck him, but he needed no confes
sion nor preparation, for his peace was already made with
God. At five o'clock General Kearney brought up reinforcements;
other troops foUowed, and soon the enemy's left was doubled
back upon his centre.
Suddenly a sharp, quick fire announced a fresh and firm
division of the -enemy. Ricketts, having been threatened in
the rear by a Confederate force which had found its way over
the mountains, had retreated, and the consequence was the
rapid advance of Longstreet through Thoroughfare Gap. The
enemy, however, was not able to gain the ground he had lost,
and the day closed with the greater part of the field of battie
in the possession of our army.
In the morning paroled prisoners brought the report that
the Confederates were retreating, and their report was con
firmed by skirmishers. An exulting messenger departed with
the blessed tidings to Washington. Not only Pope, McDow
ell, who was modest and cautious, announced to the Cabinet,
"We have gained a decided victory."
On the morning of the 30th, General Pope was convinced
that the enemy, instead of retreating, was concentrating before
him, and in more than double the force of the previous day.
At the same time he felt persuaded that General McCleUan,
instead of seconding him, was withholding food, forage and
troops. It was with much anxiety, therefore, and in no little
bitterness of feeling, that he made arrangements for a des
perate battle. His line was in the form of a bent bow, the
convex side toward the enemy, and Porter, who had hitherto
quietly but resolutely avoided obedience to orders, was placed
in the centre, where he must either fight or run. Heintzel
man, Reno and McDoweU had the bent sides of the bow.
Sigel, at first in the rear of Porter, afterwards moved to his
front and left. A few of McDoweU's tioops, among which
was the Seventh Indiana, had the extieme right. Hooker and
Kearney had the chief part of the right Une. Pope's batteries
were in the rear of the infantry, on Mgh, advantageous ground.

590 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
General Banks, with his comraand, covered tJie extrerae left,
in order to keep off reinforcements for the enemy, and to be
used as a reserve.
General Lee's line bent inward, and stretched at least five
mUes,from Sudley Springs on BuU Run, beyond the Manassas
raUroad, The centre, consisting almost entfrely of artUlery,
was on a commanding height, a mUe and a half west of
Groveton, Longstreet had the right wing, Jackson the left,
behind the raifroad embankment, which had protected him
the previous day.
Artillery firing and sldrmishing occupied the day until four
o'clock, when Porter raoved towards the Confederate centre.
He quickly and confusedly fell back, but recovered and made
a brave stand. The hostile wings now swung together, and
the two armies wrestled in awful battle, while the undulations
of the plain aud even the Ught of day were hid by dust and
smoke, Jackson's powerful corps, with all Jackson's power
ful energy, pounded Hooker and Kearney. They did not
break nor bend, and the best and bravest regiraent there was
no better nor braver than the Twentieth Indiana, under the
command of Lieutenant- Colonel Wheeler. One in three of
Kearney's men fell ; none smTcndered, and not a foot of ground
was given to the enemy.
The left and centre were graduaUy forced back, A long
time Milroy held his ground, ffrst with his own brigade, then
troops he gathered up and held whUe his men went back
for ammunition. His patched up line grew thin, and he gal
loped to McDowell for reinforcements. With these he main
tained his position until night stilled the tumult, and stopped
the commotion of the battle. He then turned back in search
of his brigade, fri order to prepare for a renewal of the con
test in the morning. What was his astonishment to find that
aU the troops near him had withdrawn. Where he expected
to see thousands he found not a soldier. He went on and on
in painful, bewildering doubt and uncertainty. At last he
met with General Sigel, and learned that the array had been
ordered to retreat across BuU Run to CentrevUle, One raoment
he was overcorae with a terrible grief; the death-knell of our
glorious Government sounded above the murmur of flying

SECOND BULL RUN. 59I
troops, the rumble androU of artillery and wagon trains. But
a leader cannot despair, and shaking off paralyzing thought.
General Mifroy hastened to the further side of Bull Run, and
stood in the darkness from ten until midnight, calling to his
men as they crossed the bridge, and gathering them together.
WhUe thousands and thousands of troops, bewildered by
the loss or the neglect of their officers, wandered about with
out aim or rest, Mifroy's brigade was refreshed with coffee, a
few hours' sleep, and the kind companionship of their com
mander. The falling back of the left and centre forced the right to
retreat, and bleeding and faint, their best men dead or help
less, Kearney's and Hooker's corps reached Bull Run near
midnight The Seventh Indiana, far on the right, and closely
pressed by infantiy, lost its color-bearer and many more, and
in the end was cut off from its brigade. Following a round
about road, it came upon a hospital, and joined a force
which there relieved Robinson's brigade. "What force is
that? " the officers demanded of troops which, in the darkness,
were seen close in their front, " Stm-gis' brigade," was the
reply. " Show your colors!" was now the demand, but the
colors could not be distinguished, and the enemy, for such the
new troops proved, fired a volley. The Seventh fell to the
ground, and but few were wounded, although Colonel Gavin
was of the number. The fire was returned, and Sturgis' bri
gade fell back.
General Gibson, General Kearney and General Reno were
assigned to the rear guard. The Nineteenth Indiana, which,
with all of Gibbon's brigade, remained in McDowell's front
line until it was flanked right and left, and supported on the
retreat a battery which repeatedly checked the progress of the
enemy, crossed the bridge while the engineers were cutting
away its supports.
" Franklin with his corps had arrived at CentreviUe, six
miles in the rear. Sumner was four miles behind FrankUn.
These fresh troops could be brought on the field in -the morn-
in- in time to renew the action, but starvation stared both
men and horses in the face, and, broken and exhausted as
they were, they were in no condition to bear hunger also,"

592 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
In these words General Pope explains the necessity for
retieat. Many of the wounded dragged themselves from the battle
field ; many were carried by their comrades in blankets ; many
were moved in vehicles sent from Washington ; but thousands
were left to the mercy of Rebel surgeons, who, four days
afterward^:, had not been near them for want of time.
The dead covered the ground, especiaUy in front of Jack
son's position; and, says PoUard, the Southern historian,
" There was not a dead Yankee in all that broad field who
had not been stripped of his shoes and stocking, — and, in
numerous cases, been left as naked as the hour he was born."
The Confederates discovered Major May, of the Nineteenth
Indiana, eight days after he feU. He was stiU in the thicket
to which he crept for shelter from artillery wheels and horses,
and the tramp of hurrying men. Who can know the eternity
of pain that gallant, good man suffered, — in solitude while in
the midst of swarming thousands, in silence while the crash
of meeting armies shook the ground ; with no hand to wipe
away the death dews, no tender voice to soothe the dull, cold
ear, while wife and lisping babe loved and prayed for him ;
with thirst unquenched, and tortured head unpiUowed; and
sun, rain and wind playing with his helplessness? He was
carried dying to a hospital, where, under a Rebel flag, he
breathed his last.
The Union army, in the second battle of BuU Run lost
from fifteen to twenty thousand men.
General Lee hastened to gain the right of the Federal
forces, in order to cut off' thefr retreat to Washington, but he
was met and baffled at every turn. At Chantilly, a few
mUes north of CentreviUe, a short but warm engagement
resulted in the death of General Kearney. September 1st
Banks fell back from Bristow station, Burnside retreated from
Fredericksburg, and the troops holding Aquia creek aban
doned that point. On the 3d the Union array was within the
fortifications of Washington, and, in the words of Pollard,
" The long harassed soil of Vfrginia was cleared of the foot
steps of the invader."
The hardships of Pope's campaign were borne by the sol-

PATIENT IN TRIBULATION. 593
diers with soldieriy patience. A private in the Seventh -writes
from a hospital : " The only complaint among the convalescent
boys is that they can't get enough to eat We have not had
anything since yesterday morning, but a littie coffee and a
piece of bread the size of a hen's egg. Yet, if I was weU
and at home, and as weU acquainted with the hardships of
camp life as I am now, I don't believe anything could keep
me at home while our counti-y is in such a condition."
Harrison Mullen of the Thfrteenth, having been discharged
on account of his feet, which were cut to pieces in the march
to Port Republic, found himself, after the lapse of two months,
able to march again. He re-enlisted, and in the battle of BuU
Run was severely wounded.
This man had seven brothers in the array, and a few mUes
west of Indianapolis he had a widowed raother, who was not
less brave than her sons. Many a long day that gray-hafred
woraa.n sat by her deserted fireside, waiting tidings from the
East, the South and the West; and often she was sick with
fear and anxiety, but she never regretted that- her boys had
gone to fight for their countiy, and she never failed to rebuke
with stern indignation the Southern sympathizer who dared
express his opinions in her presence.
A. J. Buckles, of the Nineteenth, at that time a boy, scarcely
sixteen years old, writes the foUowing:
" For several days we had had nothing but green corn to
eat, and we were glad when, on the 28th, as we were resting
on the Warrenton pike, an ox was kiUed, but before the beef
was issued we were ordered to march. Many of us cut off
chunks and ate them warm and raw as they were.
"In the battle of GainesvUle I received a flesh wound
through the right thigh, about three inches above where my
leg has since been amputated. I went to the rear, where they
were dressing the wounded, and at sun-up found myself a
prisoner, together with a great many other wounded, but I
hobbled through the woods to a ravine, from which I slipped
out to our lines. Our tioops were then falUng back to a new
position, and I had to use every exertion to keep out of the
way until I came to an ambulance. At a field hospital my
wound was dressed agam, and I rested until the next day.

594 THE SOLDIER OF INDUNA.
when the army again feU back. As the ambul-ances were aU
out on the field, I started once more on foot. Night overtook
me, and I slept on the banks of BuU Run, under a drenching
rain. In the morning I pursued my way with great difficulty
to CentievUle. From there I -was taken to a hospital in Wash
ington, where I was obUged to stay untU December."
This siraple narrative is the story of many thousands. The
country from Bull Run to Washington was covered with the
wounded crawUng towards safety, and with the soldiers of
two beaten armies. Dark days had come before, but never
one so dark. Not even in the West was there now a stieak
of light.
They who saw President Lmcoln describe him as a haggard,
hopeless man, weighed do-wn as if he bore the burden of a
world.

BUELL'S GREAT MARCH, 595

CHAPTER XLI.
THE PURSUIT OF BRAGG.
Shortly after the taking of Corinth, the Array of the Ohio
began a march, which embraced the extiemes of heat, drouth,
dust, haste and toU, of cold, storm, mud and slowness. It
led down to a region where a cup of cold water was grudo--
ingly given to " Vandal invaders," and a young onion was
sold at enormous price, and up to a district where the costliest
food and drink were pressed to the lips of welcome deliverers.
It comprised in its course long stretches of miles and of days,
in which the main body of the enemy neither made nor
received hostile demonstrations ; and it was marked by some
of the sharpest skirmishes and two of the bloodiest battles
of the war.
This extraordinary march divided itself into three parts,
each about two months long. The first extended from Corinth
to HuntsviUe, and neighboring points in northern Alabama
and southern Tennessee, and had for its object the acquisition
of Chattanooga, that faiUng, its endeavor was the protection
of the Tennessee river and the possession of the Charleston
and Memphis railroad. The second division of the march
continued frora the Tennessee river and the Cumberland
mountains to the Ohio, and was an effort on the part of Buell's
main army to keep Bragg out of Kentucky, and after his
entrance to prevent his march through the State, while on the
part of his left wing it was merely an escape from the cooped
up fastness in Cumberland Gap, In the events connected
with this part of the march large numbers of new troops
were engaged. The third, from the Ohio to the spurs of the
Cumberiand and back to Middle Tennessee, was undertaken
to prevent the escape of Bragg from Kentucky.
The Indiana troops, engaged in the first division of the
march, were the Ninth, Tenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, Twenty-

596 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
Ninth, Thfrtieth, Thfrty-Ffrst, Thfrty-Second, Thfrty-Sixth,
Thfrty-Ninth, Fortieth, Forty-Fourth, Fifty-Ffrst, Fifty-
Seventh and Fifty-Eighth infantry regiments, with the Second
cavalry, and the four western companies, G, H, I and K, of
the Third cavafry. In addition to the above, the Twenty-
Second, Thirty-Fifth, Thfrty-Seventh, Thfrty-Eighth and
Forty-Second were in the march to the Ohio, while the Fif
tieth, Sixtieth, Sixty-Seventh, Sixty-Eighth and Eighty-Ninth,
also the Twelfth, Sixteenth, Fifty-Fifth, Sixty-Sixth, Sixty-
Ninth and Seventy-Ffrst were engaged in the effort to drive
the Confederates back. In the pursuit from LouisviUe to the
Cumberland mountains were engaged, over and above nearly
all the preceding regiments, the Sixty-Fifth, Seventy-Sec
ond, Seventy-Third, Seventy-Fourth, Seventy-Ninth, Eigh
tieth, Eighty- Ffrst and Eighty-Sixth. Nearly all the Indiana
ba,tteries yet organized were enlisted in this chase.
Notice of the organization of the new volunteers who sud
denly and unexpectedly becarae involved in the whfrl of
events in Kentucky is deferred to a succeeding chapter, whUe
in the present raerely such things as cannot be separated from
the Army of the Ohio are mentioned.
June 11th General BueU left Corinth to march to Chatta
nooga. During the march the weather was sultry and dry,
and the army was enveloped in a vast cloud of fine dust
When the country was. not miserably poor, as in northern
Mississippi, its fertility was of Uttie advantage, as the com
mander-in-chief was jealous of the shadow of occasion for
offense tothe inhabitants, who were frequently so hostile that
if a man was left behind, or if he strayed away from the
army, he was almost sure to lose his life.
Somewhere in Alabaraa a citizen, one evening, raade appli
cation in the carap of McCook's division, for his horse. The
Adjutant-General gave him an order, but added, " You must
go with us to the next encampment, as we start too early to
give you time to look for the animal in the morning, and if
we send a man back with it, your brother or son might be
hidden in the woods to shoot him." The man assented, and
he trudged along with the troops aU day, getting his horse in
the evening.

ROSE-WATER POLICY. 597
A day's march in Mississippi and Alabama was of irregular
length, but generaUy frora fifteen to twenty-five mUes. During
long halts of ten d-ays or two weeks, reconnoitring expedi
tions were usuaUy made, and in consequence the tioops had
littie rest. The foUowing notes, taken from the diary of a
private in the Fifty-Eighth, show the rate of movement:
July 5. — We crossed the river at Tuscumbia, and marched
a mUe. July 14 — We marched t-wenty-eight miles.
July 15 — We marched twenty-one miles.
July 16. — We started at two in the morning, and marched
twenty mUes.
July 17. — -Fifty raen were worn out and feU beMnd. We
were very anxious about them, but they escaped guen-Ulas
and reached camp safe.
July 20. — This is the tenth Sunday we have marched.
When General BueU left Corhith, General Bragg left
Tupello. He beat BueU to Chattanooga, and when the latter
made his appearance on the opposite side of the river, the
Confederate army was sti-ongly estabUshed.
General Bragg divided his force into three corps, under
PoUc, Hardee and Kirby Smith. He retained the ffrst and
second at Chattanooga, and sent the third to Knoxville to
watch Buell's left, General Morgan's division.
General BueU established his quarters at HuntsvUla Pie
admmistered affairs ih the conquered region in what was con
sidered by the Southerners as a delicate, gentlemanly and
chivafrous manner. Thefr friends m the North observed his
course also with admfration. The American Annual Cyclo-
pcedia says: "Depredations by soldiers were stopped, disci
pline restored and order estabUshed," which means that in
less than a week after the arrival of General BueU at Hunts
viUe, nearly every negro who, in return for labor or informa
tion, had found shelter and protection in Mitchell's division,
and 'had received the assurance from Mitchell that this pro
tection should be continued, was basely and meanly given up
to Ms master; that secessiomsts in search of runaway slaves
were aUowed to go freely tMough aU the encampraents, noth
ing being requfred of them except that they should identify

598 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
thefr property; that returned raembers of the Confederate
army were tieated with attention and respect;- that rich men
who loudly protested no circumstances would ever induce
them to take the oath of aUegiance to the hated government
of the United States, obtained guards for their property, and
that the Union soldiers, though frequently reduced to half and
quarter rations by the destruction of the communications of
the army, were forced to pay extravagant prices for the abun
dant necessaries of life.
Many subordinate officers, even of the regular army, were
watchful over the smaUest interests of the men, and they
avoided and evaded, to every extent that was possible, obe
dience to Buell's hard requirements. The affection which
begem on the hot soU of the battle-field was in many cases
strengthened or developed by this natural though sometimes
unexpected consideration. Even General Nelson was unwUl
ing to see Ms men imposed on. The tiuth of the foUovidng
amusing story, which early found its way into print, is testi
fied to by Indianians in Nelson's division :
"The General hates peddlers, and there are many that
come about the camp, selling hoe-cakes, pies, milk, &c., at
exorbitant prices. Cracker-fed soldiers are free with thefr
money; they will pay ten tiraes the value of an article, if
they want it. The other day the General came across a ped
dler, selling something that he called pies, not the delicious
kind of pies that our mothers make, — the very thought of
which even now makes me homesick, — but an indigestible
combination of flattened dough and woolly peaches, minus
sugar, minus spice, minus everything that is good — any one
of which the General swore would kill a hyena. ' What do
you charge for those pies?' roared he. 'Fifty cents a piece,'
responded the pieman. 'Fifty cents apiece for such piesV
was the reply. ' Now, you infernal swindling pfrate, I want
you to go to work and crara every one of those pies down
you as quick as the Lord wiU let you — double-quick, you vil
lain!' Expostulations, appeals or promises were of no avaU,
and the peddler was forced, to the great amuseraent of the
soldiers to ' down' a half dozen of his own pies, all he had
left. ' Now,' said the General, looking at the feUow after he

CHANGES AMONG OFFICERS. 599
had finished his repast, and who stood as death-like as the
doctor who took his own medicine, 'leave, and if ever I catch
you back here again swindUng my men. III hang you I ' The
raan departed."
In the course of time General BueU modified his policy,
aUowing foraging parties under properly appointed officers,
requfring the oath of aUegiance in return for a slave, and
sometimes even permitting negroes to be employed on for
tifications. During the months of June, July and August a nuraber of
proraotions occurred among Indiana officers. Colonel Crit
tenden, Colonel WUlich and Colonel Cruft were all comrais-
sioned Brigadier Generals, and were succeeded respectively
by Captain Bald-win, Lieutenant-Colonel Von Trebra and
Lieutenant- Colonel Osborn. Lieutenant-Colonel Blake be
came commanding officer of the Ninth, in place of Colonel
Moody, who was tiansferred to the regular army. Lieuten
ant-Colonel Gazlay was raade Colonel of the Thirty-Seventh,
was dismissed and succeeded by Lieutenant- Colonel HuU.
Lieutenant- Colonel BueU becarae commander of the Fifty-
Eighth, on the resignation of Colonel Carr, whom the regi
ment lost with regret, testifying that " he was a brave soldier,
and a kind officer, and that he always treated his raen with'
respect." Other changes more remotely affected the regiments. Rous
seau succeeded MitcheU, who was removed. McCook was-
made a Major General, and given a command, which con
sisted of his old division and parts of Rousseau's and Crit
tenden's. General Johnson took command of the second
division. The Army of the Ohio-^vas not concentrated about Hunts-
vUlc, but was divided among many points, and, being depen-
dent on Louisville for provisions and munitions, it guarded
Ion- routes of travel. Many brigades and regiraents were in
alm°ost constant activity. Colonel Grose's regiment, the
Thirty-Sixth, whose inovements may be considered as repre
sentative, reached Athens on the first of July, and rested
there a few days; after which it went to Pulaski, then to
Nashville, tiience by rail to Murfreesboro. which had been

600 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
captured by Foi-rest, and which it assisted in retaking. Shortly
afterward it advanced to McMinnville, forty raUes east, then
to Sparta in the raountains, back to McMinnviUe, and on to
Murfreesboro for supplies. Two mUes east of Woodbury it
was attacked by General Forest's cavafry, which, -with the
assistance of the Twenty- Third Kentucky, it repulsed and
routed, with but few men wounded, whUe about thirty of the
enemy were kiUed, wounded and prisoners.
The activity of guerrillas formed the occasion for this state
of movement and watchfulness. Leadbetter, Scott, Wheeler,
Forrest and Morgan led roving bands in search of conscripts,
to tear up raUroads, and to make depredations on the property
of Union men and of the Government. They were brave,
of course, but they relied chiefly on surprise, gaUoping half
the night, to apply the torch at midnight, or to attack a
sleeping camp at daylight.
General Dumont, the comraandant at NashviUe, scoured
the countiy in hot and skilful pursuit, and more than once had
the chief of the guerriUas alraost within his grasp. One night
in May, whUe Morgan and his band were sleeping at Leb
anon, where they had captured a small detachment of Federal
soldiers, Dumont surrounded thera, and took prisoner or kUled
one hundred and fifty; but Morgan was hard to hold, and
with a number of his men he cut his way out and escaped,
after a running fight of eighteen mUes. Dumont's health,
unfortunately, was extremely poor, and shortly after this occur
rence, he was obUged to go home on sick leave.
The last of June, John Morgan joined Kirby Smith in East
Tennessee, but July 4th, with nine hundred raen, as bold and
hardy as himself, he scaled the mountains again, determined
to tiaverse Kentucky in search of recruits, horses and arms,
A telegi-aph operator rode with Mm in advance, and by attach
ing a pocket instrument to the wfre, gained a knowledge of
the positions, plans and moveraents of the Union forces,
which he then, by false orders, scattered, or concentrated on
useless expeditions.
Encourged by the advent of these gay and gaUant cavaliers,
weU described as "the finest kind of chivalry, fiery-eyed, long
haired, and swearing vengeance on aboUtionists.-with a swing

BACK TOWARDS THE NORTH. 601
of thefr revolvers," and emulous of their black-mail deeds, a
a gang of bad young men, calUng themselves Morgan's guer
rUlas, robbed Henderson, and another crew crossed the Ohio,
and coramitted depredations in the little town of Newburg,
Indiana. Meantirae Morgan jauntUy pursued his way, and reached
KnoxvUle with twelve hundred raen, after an absence of
twentiy-four days. He boasted that he had traveled raore
•than a thousand railes, captured seventeen towns, destroying
all the Government property in them, had dispersed fifteen
hundred home-guards, and paroled nearly twelve hundred reg
ular troops.
WhUe John Morgan was enjoying Kentucky, his coadju
tors continued their depredations in Tennessee, although not
having so clear a field, their' excursions were more hmited,
more cautious and less successful. In his capture of Mur
freesboro, Forrest took nearly two thousand troops. None,
however, were Indiamans, except General Crittenden, who,
having arrived only the night before, had not yet assumed
comraand, and was sleeping at a hotel.
In accordance with the Confederate plan of making a gen
eral advance into the free States in August, and capturing
the chief cities of the North, General Bragg moved from
Chattanooga and Knoxville about the 20th of the month.
With the two corps he had retained at Chattanooga, he
crossed the Tenneseee at Harrison.
McCook started towards the East as if to meet him, but
after dragging his heavy artUlery to thesummit of the moun
tains at a more southern point than that reached by the Con
federates, he took a last look towards Chattanooga, turned
round and marched back to Battie Creek, General Bragg,
meanwhile, moving swiftly on his unobstructed way towards
Dunlap. J
The first stage of General BueU's march was now ended,
and he made haste to enter upon the second by concenlTating
his stores and his forces at Stevenson, Decherd and McMinn
vUle, and turmng the face of his army towards the North.
One or two smart skirmishes with Bragg's left, wMch was
advanced to reconnoitie, took place near McMinnvUle, but

602 THE SOLDIER OP INDLANA.
no other approach to the Union army was made by the enemy,
though BueU looked for him at Murfreesboro, and expected
to meet hira at NashvUle. Leavmg at the latter place a smaU
garrison, in which was included the Thirty- Seventh Indiana,
General BueU moved on, stUl -with the expectation of a battle,
which would keep the Confederates out of Kentucky. His
army comprised about forty thousand effective men, including
the division of General J. C. Davis, about five thousand
stiong, which was united with it at NashvUle.
The Thfrty-Fifth Indiana, which joined the march at
McMinnviUe, was fuU, having been completed by the Sixty-
Ffrst. It was m fine condition, and under the command of
Colonel Mullen, an efficient and popular officer.
The last of August John Morgan, who briskly scoured the
countiy far in advance of th^ Confederate army, captured a
small Federal force at GaUatin, pushed forward to the Nash
vUle raih-oad, and, by destioying the track, cut off the supplies
of Buell's army. Retm-ning to Gallatin, he with about eight
hundred men was resting, when he was warned of the near
and rapid approach of General Johnson, -with a force of six
hundred and forty from the Second Indiana, Fourth and Fifth
Kentucky and Seventh P^ennsylvania. Shortly after sunrise
the two forces met Success, for a time, seemed to incUne
to Johnson, but a causeless panic seized some of his men,
and. spread untU half the nuraber fled. He withdrew the
remamder of his force, and as he was not pursued sent a flag
of truce with a request for permission to bury his dead. The
request was refused, and as he decUned to sun-ender, the fight
was renewed with such of his force as had remained steady,
the Fifth Kentucky and Second Indiana. In less than a half
hour it was ended by the capture of a part of Johnson's force,
and the flight of the remainder.
A detachment of twenty men, belonging to the Fiftieth
Indiana, while in a stockade near Edgefield Junction, repulsed
Morgan's band three times during a three hours' fight, Mor
gan's adjutant and seven privates were left dead on the field,
and eighteen others were wounded. Captain Atkisson was
the commander of the gaUant littie garrison.
A march could not be less disturbed than was that of the

DEFENCE OP GREEN RIVER BRIDGE. 603
main body of the Union army. The sun was hot, the roads
were dusty; subsistence was confined to green com, and fresh
beef without salt; shoes waxed old, and feU to pieces, whUe
bhstered feet pressed the burning ground; yet it was only
when Bragg was fax ahead that the march was hurried; when
the smoke of the Confederate camp-fires was visible BueU
rested, or crawled along at the slowest rate.
The fortifications near MumfordsviUe were defended by
tiie Sixty-Seventh and Eighty-Ninth Indiana, two companies
of the Seventy-Fom-th,the Thirteenth Indiana battery, under
Lieutenant Mason, Thirty-Thfrd Kentucky, one company of
Kentucky cavalry, and one of the Eighteenth regulars. To
these were added two hundred and four recruits for the Sev
enteenth regiment, under Colonel Wilder, who, on his retm-n
to BueU's army, was here stopped by the approach of the
enemy. Sunday morning, September 14th, General Chalmers
attacked the pickets in the woods south of the river, drove
them back, and assaulted the main redoubt, which was on
the western side of the fortifications. He was repulsed, and
he discontinued the attack in this quarter, only, however, to
fall in larger force and with greater impetuosity on the eastern
redoubt He was met firmly, and an exceedingly fierce sti-uggle
followed, during which Maj(jr Abbett, of the Sixty- Seventh,
sprang on the parapet, and, with sabre in one hand and hat
in the other, exhorted the men to stand to the work. More
than a hundred buUets pierced the flag above him, eleven
stiuck the flag-staff, and one entered the gallant officer's
heart He fell, but not a step was gained by the enemy-
Lieutenant Mason kept his battery steadily firing, and the
men were worthy of their fallen leader.
Shortly afterwards a demand for surrender was received.
Colonel Wilder returned an assurance that he would tiy to
defend his position, and that he thought he should be able to
do so, as he was now receiving reinforcements. Knowing
that BueU was near, -and having informed him of his condi-
ti'on, the commanding officer confidently expected assistance
from hun.
The refriforcements to which he referred consisted of six

604 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
companies of the Fiftieth Indiana, and one company of the
Seventy-Eighth, attached to the Fiftieth for duty, in aU four
hundred and forty-six men. They left the raifroad tiack where
Confederate cavahy had tom it up, and managed to escape
the notice of a force which was on guard on the north side
of the river, waded the water, and entered the intrenchments
shortly after sunrise.
Skirmishing, with work on the intrenchments, occupied
Monday. At night Colonel Owen arrived from Lebanon
-with the Sixtieth and a part of the Sixty-Eighth Indiana,
one company of the Twenty-Eighth Kentucky and a battery
of six pieces.
Tuesday morning the enemy forced back part of the Fif
tieth, which went out to meet hira, and Under cover of the
woods gained the west of the line. After several hours of
desultory ffring, another demand for surrender was made.
Colonel Wilder carried back the reply, which was a refusal,
but he was convinced, when he saw the force of the enemy,
that further resistance would be useless, and advised Colonel
Dunham, who, as the ranking officer, was now in command,
to that effect.
Colonel Dunham telegraphed to .LouisviUe, but received no
other reply than an order to turn the command over to Wilder.
A councU of war, afready caUed by Dunham, -was held. It
was stated that no help could come from LouisvUle, that none
would come from BueU, that ammunition was lunited, that
the troops were fatigued, that General Bragg's whole array
was in front, and that the hUls north of MunfordsviUe com
manded the intienchments and were accessible to the enemy.
In consequence of these facts it was determined to surrender.
On the morning of the 17th, with drums beating and colors
flying, the Union tioops marched out of the intienchments,
gave thefr parole, and on the next day marched to BowUng
Green, where BueU was idly lying.
The Confederate army leisurely moved on towards Louis
vUle, but unexpectedly turned from the dfrect course, and
stopped at Bardstown, whUe the Union army marched into
the city, the foremost troops entering on the 27th of Septem
ber. The tioops were affected by the grateful enthusiasm oi

KENTUCKY IN DISTRESS. 605
their reception, nevertheless they were dissatisfied. They
considered BueU "the most stupendous faUure on record."
Twice Bragg had escaped them, and now they could scarcely
teU whether they were the pursued or the pursuers. More
over, Indiana was just across the river, and only a few miles,
it might be a few hours, were between them and the homes
for which they pined when they were away down in Alabama.
Copperheads with sUver tongues praised the taste of forbidden
fruit, and in three days seven thousand men deserted. An
other raost sad occurrence added to the excitement of this
state of affairs. General Nelson was kiUed by the hand of
General Davis in retaliation for a personal insult.
It is time now to give some account of General Bragg's
right wing, which crossed the Cumberland mountains at the
same time the left and centre commenced the march. Gen
eral Smith rested a few days at Cumberland Ford, completely
shutting off all access to the gap. On his way to Lexington
he captured the Union supply trains. His appearance pro
duced immense alarm, and Kentucky authorities dispatched
to neighboring States entreaties for troops, raw, undisciplined
troops, if they could have no other. The manner in which
Indiana responded is narrated in the following article from
the Indianapolis Journal, of August 21, 1862:
\
what INDIANA HAS DONE.
To-day Indiana wiU have in Kentucky nearly fourteen
thousand men of the neiv levy. All but two of the thirteen
full regiments, numbering one thousand and forty men each,
and a portion of the cavalry regiment, were gone by midnight
last night, and the other two wUl leave to-day. Fourteen
thousand men have been organized, equipped and sent to the
field in four days. We don't believe this promptness has been
equaled in any emergency by any State in the Union. The
news of the invasion of Kentucky reached Governor Morton
on Sunday. The necessity for a speedy and strong accumu
lation of forces on the main lines of the Rebel advance was
obvious. Ohio had been appUed to, but, in spite of her
gigantic efforts, could not be ready with any effective force
for a week. lUinois, like Ohio, was stiaining every nerve,

606 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
and pushing forward preparations with most commendable
speed, but she could not send any men immediately. The
Rebels had cut off our army at Cumberland Gap, and were
advancing with alarming speed. Men must be thrown in to
resist them, or the war would be transferred to our own bor
der. Governor Morton determined that the men should be
¦sent. Enough of our regiments were fuU to furnish them,
but they were scattered all over the State, unorganized, un
disciplined and unarmed. One, the Seventieth, had been
sent away a few days before, but the remainder were totaUy
unprepared to move. They were to be coUected together,
uniformed, equipped, arraed, officered, paid and transported
to the field. The money to pay thera was not on hand, and
had to be obtained of our banks. Equipments were insuffi
cient, and had to be supplied. The tiansportation for such
an immense influx of men had to be arranged. Everything
had to be done that was necessary to change men just out
of their shops and off their farms into soldiers, and put them
into the field. And all this had to be done for a large army
of nearly fourteen thousand men in four days. It was a task
for a giant, but happily there were gigantic energies at the
head of the government to undertake it. Since Monday
morning this really formidable army, as large as that with
-which. General Scott marched upon Mexico, has been col
lected from thefr many rendezvous, organized, paid, fuUy pre
pared, and sent to the field. Our sister States, though moving
fully up to the vigorous action of the past, have not yet been
able to send out a single regiraent. Indiana has met the
crisis alone, and we trust so met it that the peril has been
stayed till the vast legions of Ohio and IlUnois can be hurried
to her aid.
General* Nelson, who had lately arrived in the North, was
placed in command in Central Kentucky, and hastened to
Lexington, where he attempted to give miUtary instiuction
to the new tioops. He was exceedingly harsh and impatient,
and had succeeded in teaching the men nothing but to hate
hira, when Kirby Sraith's rapid approach deraanded his imme
diate attention.

MOVING TOWARD KIRBY SMITH. 607
On the 23d of August he sent from Lexington the Twelfth
and Sixty-Sixth Indiana regiments and the Ninety-Fifth Ohio
to join Colonel Metcalfe, who, with six hundred Kentucky
cavalry and a Tennessee infantry regiment, was at the foot
of Big HiU, forty miles southeast.
The day was one of the warmest of August days, and the
new troops, wearied by the unaccustomed tramp, were pre
paring to bivouac for the night on the bank of the Kentucky
river, when a courier hastily announced Colonel Metcalfe's
immediate need of reinforcements to resist an attack of Kirby
Smith's advance. The sun was still high, but the men took
up their knapsacks and their guns, and resumed their march
with a round of hearty cheers. Near the little town of Rich
mond, twenty-five miles from Lexington, they met many of
Metcalfe's horsemen, who, to use Nelson's language, had
"turned tail and fled Uke a pack of cowards" at the onset of
the enemy. Colonel Link, who was in advance, could not
induce them to get out of the road until he ordered company
A, of his regiment, to charge bayonets on them.
South of Richmond the three regiments formed in line of
battle in the rear of their artillery, and waited, with that
anxious desire only new troops feel, for the approach of the
enemy. He did not appear, however, and almost a week
passed without further hostile demonstrations. In that time
nearly five more regiments arrived, and two brigades were
formed. One, composed of the Sixteenth, Fifty-Fifth, Sixty-
Ninth and Seventy-First Indiana, was put underthe command
of General Manson ; the other, consisting of the Twelfth and
Sixty-Sixth Indiana, Eighteenth Kentucky and Ninety-Fifth
Ohio, was given to General Cruft, One half of the Fifty-
Fifth was kept at different points guarding bridges. The
great length of the picket line it was necessary to maintain,
and the number requfred on scouting expeditions, which, how
ever, were never distant, with the confusion attendant on the
formation of new encampraents, occupied so much time or
so many men, that littie opportunity was afforded for military
instruction ; in consequence the few days of respite were of
little advantage.
Meantime the Confederate rear came up, and Kirby Smith

608 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA,
concentrated his forces, and informed himself, by means of
his citizen friends, who were numerous and zealous, of the
condition and strength of the little Union army. Before noon
of Friday, the 29th, he moved forward in strong force, and
drove back Metcalfe's cavalry, posted six miles south of Rich
mond, and a line of infantiy pickets, who were chiefly from
the Sixteenth Indiana, and under the command of Lieuten
ant-Colonel Wolfe.
General Manson immediately sent a courier to Lexington
to inform Nelson. He then, forthe sake of obtaining a posi
tion which would command the approaches, moved his brigade,
with a battery of artUlery under Lieutenant Laraphere, three
quarters of a mile towards the south. Discovering a troop
of cavalry a half mile east of the road, he stopped untU
Lamphere turned his guns upon it and dispersed it. Moving
on then a raile further, he took possession of a ridge, and
arranged his brigade in line of battle, with artillery protecting
each flank, Manson's artillerymen were chieffy teamsters,
train-guards and infantry belonging to different regiments at
Cumberland Gap, and cut off as they were returning with
forage. Thirty were from the Thirty- Third Indiana, After
an artillery duel of an hour's duration the enemy retreated,
with the loss of a gun, sorae horses and some prisoners.
Still dissatisfied with his position, Manson raoved a mile
further, to a little group of houses called Rogersville, where
his infantry stopped, while the cavahy pursued the eneray six
or eight railes, but without making any discovery as to his
numbers. The troops slept on their arms. They were roased atfour
and placed in line of battle, whUe details were raade from
each company to prepare coffee and to fiU the canteens with
freshwater. At six the enemy was reported advancing. The
brigade moved forward, Manson, with a portion of the Fifty-
Fifth, in advance. Half a mile beyond RogersvUle, the sldr
mishers met, and after some firing the Confederates feU back.
General Manson selected his ground, and placed his troops, the
Fifty- Fifth on the left of the road, behind a fence, with the
artiUery on its left, the Sixty-Ninthonthe right of the road, the
Seventy-First in the rear as a support for the battery, the

BATTLE OP RICHMOND.

609

Sixteenth, as soon as it came up, on the left of the artillery,
in woods. The opposing forces presented an amazing contiast Gen
eral Snnth had sixteen thousand soldiers, who, having been
in the army since the war began, had all the cUscipline that
could result from driU, marching, exposure and battie. They
were indeed old soldiers, but they were ragged, dfrty and
hungry. General Manson had less than six thousand five hundred,
of whom not more than three thousand were yet on the bat
tle-ground. They had been in the service from ten to twenty-
five days, and they had all the ignorance and awkwardness
of new soldiers. Their equipments were of course all bright
and new, their banners unfaded and unstained. That such
men could fight through a long, hot August day, could rally
again and again with overwhelming numbers pouring on them
is a marvel.
ArtiUery opened the battle, and for an hour the two lines
remained stationery. At the end of that time, the gleaming
of arms in the dry bed of a creek revealed the beginning of a
flank movement on the part of the enemy. Seven companies
of the Sixty- Ninth went towards the left to meet it, while the
Seventy-First marched to the front, both regiments moving
through a storm of buUets. The Sixty-Ninth sustained the
ordeal; but the Seventy-Ffrst was disheartened and horror-
struck when men fell on every hand, when Major Conklin
was kiUed, Colonel Topping was mortally wounded, and it
was left without a field officer.
When Colonel Cruft arrived on the ground, he sent his
Ohio regiment to the right, where the Sixty-Ninth had first
stood. It was iraraediately ordered to take a battery, which
threatened the right flank, but was unable to perform the task,
and was thrown into confusion by the attempt. Citizens,
who, with a dreadful love of excitement, had followed the
army, now fled with outcries; ambulance drivers caught the
alarm, and the left wing, after neariy four hours of battie, fell
back towards the centre. Disorder prevailed. At this critical
moment the Eighteenth Kentucky reached the ground, and
coolly forming in front of the enemy, prevented iramediate

610 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
pursuit The Twelfth and Sixty- Sixth Indiana foUowed,
marching down the road with waving banners, and pushing
through the fugitives with steady steps. WhUe the first kept
the enemy back. General Manson ralUed his men round the
two last; but he continued his retreat until he reached the
ground where he had skirmished with the enemy the evening
before. Here he made a second stand, his own brigade on
the left of the road, Craft's on the right, artiUery and cavalry
in the rear and on either wing. Corn-fields, woods and fences
protected the front. The line was scarcely forraed when the
enemy attacked it with fury. He was repulsed by the left
wing, and he turned aU his force against the right. After a
terrific struggle he succeeded in outflanking Cruft, A retieat
was again ordered, and all was again in confusion.
It was now noon, and the sun's rays were pitUess, but once
more the Union troops endeavored to form. The new
stand was taken on high ground, three-quarters of a mile
south of Richmond, Here, whUe rallying the brave but now
broken Kentucky regiment. Colonel Link was mortaUy
wounded. General Nelson reached the ground as the little army was
gathering up its last energies. He knew beforehand that a
battle could only result in disaster, and as he came he turned
back to Lexington all the wagons on the road, and ordered
out of Richmond all the stores, but when his eyes beheld the
disaster, he swore and stormed, brandished his sword and
knocked men down as if he were a madman. Balls falUng
all round him cooled his passion at length, and he shouted,
" Come on! If they can't hit me, they can't hit a barn door!
I'll show you how to whip the scamps! Stand only a little
longer, reinforcements are coraing!"
The false promise cheered the fainting tioops, and they
strove to stand and fight But their brave spirits could not
conquer impossibilities, and in thirty minutes after Nelson's
arrival, they were routed. The General, growling with a
buUet in his thigh, gaUoped back to Lexington, but the men
did not get off so well.
With a rear-guard formed from aU the scattered regiraents,
the raain body reached a point two miles north of Richmond,

CONDUCT OP THE RAW TROOPS. 611
when Confederate cavafry appeared across the road in front.
A hundred men, raUied by General Manson, met a short
success in scattering the horsemen, but ammunition was gone,
wagons were jammed together, everything was in confusion,
and continued effort was not to be thought of; every man,
therefore, took care of hiraself Lieutenant-Colonel Wolfe,
of the Sixteenth, lost his life in attempting to cut his way
out. Many, however, got clear of the enemy, and sped
straight along the road, and many more escaped through
fields and woods to the right and left.
General Manson, flying across a field, tumbled into a ravine,
and his horse, with a bullet in his head, rolled on him. His
capture was inevitable.
During the night fugitives were pursued in every direction.
The next day two thousand were paroled, amidst taunts and
jeers from dirty, shirtless Rebels. They endured in silence.
In kiUed and wounded the Twelfth lost one hundied and
seventy-three, including its commander. Colonel Link, The
Sixteenth lost two hundred, with its Lieutenant-Colonel, Joel
Wolfe. The Sixty- Ninth lost two hundred and eighteen.
The Seventy-First, two hundred and fifteen, among them its
commanding oflicer, Lieutenant-Colonel Topping, and its
Major. The losses of the Sixty-Sixth have not been pub
Ushed. They were probably equal to the Twelfth. Two
Ffrst Lieutenants in the Sixty-Sixth were kiUed.
General Manson bears the foUowing testimony to the con
duct of the men :
" Taking into consideration the rawness of the troops, there
has been no battie during the war where more bravery was
displayed by officers and men than in the four battles near
Richmond." j , -
General Cruft stated thatthe Indiana tioops behaved«plen-
didly, tm the loss of officers and the overpowering strength
of the Rebels threw them into disorder.
Other testimony declares they were thoroughly brave when
m position, but were thrown into disorder when a move was
attempted. Some of the movements, however, were certainly
made with much coolness. ,:„¦ -d ^ „
Several color-bearers distinguished themselves. Eh Randall,

612 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA,
of the Sixty- Ninth, while the second Une was forming, stood
on a fence, and, waiving a flag in the very face of the enemy,
cried, "Rally, boys! Rally to the colors!" When the third
line was formed, again he stood with his banner, and caUed
for its defenders.
B, C, StiUinger, of the Sixteenth brought off his banner,
with the spear head shot away, and eleven holes shot through
the colors.
The regimental flag of the Twelfth was taken from the
dead hand of young Edwin Lennox, as he lay on the field.
The responsibility of the reverse at Richmond, ascribed by
the wounded and bereaved State of Indiana to various high
officials, and anxiously disclaimed by each in turn, was laid
by the commander of the department, himself a Kentuckian,
at the doors of IlUnois, OMo and Kentucky, as shown by
the foUowing telegrara: Louis-viLLB, Septeraber 1st, 1862.
President Lincoln :
The battle near Richmond was disastious to us. Six
Indiana, one Kentucky and one Ohio regiment, besides some
Kentucky cavalry were in the engagement. Our troops, es
pecially the Indianians, fought with the courage and gaUant-
ry of veterans. If Ohio and Illinois had supported Indiana,
and had sent their troops on, the issue of the battle would
have been different. Governor Morton has sent to this State,
since I have been in coramand here, over twenty thousand
men. If other States had done as well, we could have over
whelmed the enemy. I deplore the loss that noble Indiana
has sustained under the circumstances. It was important to
raeet the enemy before he reached the center of the State, or
crossed it, and Indiana, appreciating the importance of it, sent
her gallant soldiers to meet the insolent foe, no doubt feeling
that they would be supported by Ohio, lUinois and Kentucky,
Lexington is reported in possession of the enemy,
J, T, Boyle, Brigadier-General,
The victorious forces of Kfrby Smith raarched on to Lex
ington, Paris, Cynthiana, and stUl further north; but after
approaching and threatening Cincinnati, they retfred, and
directed their course to Frankfort, which they reached about
the time Bragg arrived at Bardstown, and BueU entered
Louisville.

RETREAT OP MORGAN'S DIVISION. 613
It remains to foUow General Morgan's division of the Army
of the Ohio frora the mountains, before returning to the pur
suit of Bragg. During one month the division was shut up
in the gap, and employed in stiengthening the fortifications,
in foraging and skfrmishing. The skirmishing resulted in the
capture of nearly five hundred Confederate soldiers. The
foraging was Uraited to the corn-fields in the immediate
neighborhood of the troops. The subsistence consisted of
green corn, rice and beans. The men had nothing to replace
thefr worn clothing, and as the mails were of course cut off,
no news penetiated to Cumberland Gap, except distorted
inteUigence from prisoners, or from Southern papers obtained
on the exchange of prisoners. According to such information
nearly aU the fchief cities in the North had faUen a prey to
Southern conquerors.
Notwithstanding the state of affairs, the troops received,
with indignation and regret, orders to abandon the position.
On the 17th of September, at one in the morning, the
Thirty-Third Indiana, with thirty pieces of artiUery, and a
train of three hundred wagons, commenced the movement
At eleven at night, the Forty-Ninth, with the rest of the-
division, except a blockading squad, followed. The fortifi
cations were left a mass of smoldering ruins. General Mor
gan ordered all who were unable to march to remain behind,
but several regimental coraraanders interceded or disobeyed,.
and in consequence but few sick were deserted.
The march was two hundred and fifty mUes long, and
through the eastern part of Kentucky, which is poor and
mountainous. The raen all carried graters made of tin plates,
and grated corn for thefr bread and mush. Several times
they marched a day without anything to eat. Once they
were thirty-six hours without food and eighteen hours without
water. Confederate cavalry hovered round, destioying mUls-
and gmin, blockading the narrow road, burning bridges, pick
ing up hungry soldiers, and skfrmishing daily. At Mt Ster
ling they ceased thefr attentions, and from that point the
march proceeded unmolested.
On the 3d of October, having slept nineteen nights without
tents, and having matched seventeen days without rations, the-.

614 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
tired and dusty, but stUl healthy and vigorous, soldiers reached
the Ohio river. On the 5th they crossed the river, and went to
Oak HUl, where they were received with affectionate and
grateful sympathy. A great feast was made for them, and
their wants, which were many and various, were soon all
supplied. The Forty-Ninth went to the Kanawha. The Thirty-Third
was sent on transports down the Ohio, but arrived at Cov
ington too late to take part in the pursuit of Bragg.
October 1st, General BueU, with his army newly clothed
and equipped, re-organized, and enlarged by the addition of
many thousand new tioops, commenced a slow and cautious
moveraent towards the southeast. One corps, under General
Crittenden, formed the right wing, another, under McCook,
formed the left, and a third, under General Gilbert, composed
the centie. On the 7th, at noon. General Gilbert stopped
three miles northwest of PerryvUle, and waited for the arrival
of the right and left wings, the increased warmth of the skir
mishing having convinced him that he was close upon a large
force of the enemy. General BueU, who accompanied the
centre corps, sent raessengers to Crittenden and McCook to
hasten their advance. He ordered the latter to march at tMee
in the mornmg, leaving behind all teams, except aramunition
wagons and ambulances, to advance untU he was abreast of
Gilbert, and to report in person iraraediately after he had
formed his line in order of battle.
It was half past two in the morning when the message
was received, but long before the sun was up, Rousseau's and
Jackson's divisions of McCook's corps were on the march to
PerryvUle. The road was csooked and hiUy; the dust was
excessive ; water, which had been scarce several days, now
disappeared altogether; frequent halts were raade to wait for
the report of scouts, who scoured the country in advance,
and, in consequence of these various drawbacks, McCook did
not reach the ground until ten o'clock, and was not able to
report to General BueU untU alraost twelve. He received
an intiraation frora the coramander-in-chief that there would
probably be no battle, owing to the lateness of his arrival,

¦CONCENTRATION OF FORCES. 615
?ind the non-arrival of Crittenden, but he was directed to
-make a reconnoissance to ChapUn river.
General Bragg, however, was determined to give BueU a
iblow before the separated corps could be brought together,
¦and inteUigence from Hardee and PoUi, who brought up his
rear, recalled him from Harrodsburg for that purpose. During
the night of the 7th, his outposts hotly contested the passage
of GUbert's advance division, Sheridan's, over Doctor's creek,
and at sunrise they made an effort to drive Sheridan's left
from a height which it had gained a half mUe or more in
advance of the position of the evening before, but they were
repulsed, and were retreating when McCook's corps appeared
on the MaxvUle road, and in the fields and woods to the right
of the road.
PerryvUle, around which the two armies were now drawing
together, is southwest of Hai-rodsburg, south of MaxviUe,
southeast of Springfield and east of Lebanon. Bragg
•came fr?om Harrodsburg, McCook from MaxvUle, GUbert
from Springfield, and Crittenden was approaching along the
Lebanon turnpike, having gone out of his way in the hope
of finding water. North of PerryvUle are ChapUn HiUs, a
range of frregular and stony ridges, among which winds a
Tiver of the same name. Springs of delicious water flow from
the hiUs between the stream and the town, but none are on
the northern side, and in dry weather scarcely a single tribu
tary flows into Chaplin river from the north. Corn-fields and
woods alternating cover the hUls, The corn was now cut
and shocked, the foUage of the trees was afready thinning,
and little, except the brokenness of the ground, obstructed
vision. General 'Bragg, on his arrival, found his army in Une of
battie on a high, convenient position, fronting the northwest,
General Hardee with the left wing, two divisions, Buekner
and Cheatham the centie, each wdth a division, and Ander
son, with one division, on the right. He approved the arrange
ment, and requested General Polk, who had made it, to retam
command. The Confederate Generals raade aU haste to begin
the battie before Crittenden's arrival, and before McCook's
division was fully in line.

616 THE SOLDIER OF INDIAlTA.
As if to further their views, though in reaUty to find water
for his suffering raen. General Rousseau, during McCook's
absence, advanced his division, which formed tfie right of the
corps, towards ChapUn river. He had not moved more than
eight hundred yards, when three Confederate batteries, from
a concealed position, began an active fire. Rousseau imme
diately ordered the batteries of Loomis, Simonson and Harris
to the top of a ridge, and ai-ranged his infantry behind them,
placing Colonel Lytie's brigade, to which belonged the Forty-
Second and Eighty-Eighth Indiana, on his right, behind
Loomis and Simonson; Colonel Harris' brigade, which in
cluded the Thirty-Eighth Indiana, on Ms left, behind and to
the right of Harris' artUlery.
A raile in the rear of Rousseau were two farra houses, one
of which belonged to a Mr. Russell.
General Jackson's line coramenced near Russell's house^
His left turning back to the rear in order to take advantage
of high ground. Parsons' battery was in his front The
division was coraposed entirely of raw tioops. It included
two Indiana regiraents, the Eightieth and the Hundred and
First. The latter had been detaUed as guard to a train
ordered that morning to Springfield, and did not participate
in the action.
Starkweather's brigade, having been separated from Rous-
seau-'s division, to which it belonged, did not approach untU
the line of battle was forraed and artiUery firing was afready
brisk. It then abandoned the road, moved round Jackson's
column, and fell in on the left. Captain Bush's Fourth Indiana
artiUery, and Stone's Kentucky battery, taking high ground
on the extieme left. This hastily assumed position protected
the ammunition train, which stood on the Max-viUe road.
Hardee began by throwing his division impetuously on
Rousseau, whUe Buekner advanced towards Jackson. Gen
eral Polk's two remaining divisions soon joined in the action.
It would not have been difficult at this tirae for BueU to fling
GUbert round on the Confederate left, and break it to pieces,
but the General was uninforraed of the condition of things,
and of course raade no such raove.
Every part of McCook's corps Was at once engaged,

BATTLE OF CHAPLIN HILLS. -61.7
nevery battery at work, and musketiy firing all along his line.
Parson's battery, directed by General Jackson, made havoc
in tile assailing Confederate force, but no check in its pro
gress, and Jackson being one of the first to faU, the battery
was captured, and the division driven back, or scattered ui
confusion. Starkweather's brigade, with Stone's and Bush's
batteries, though now separated from every other command,
Tcmained firm.
Rousseau's division, through the day, even in defeat, pre
sented a grand spectacle. Every man stood at his post, as
if aU depended on him alone. Even those whose positions
excused them from active participation, threw themselves
into the struggle,
James Connelly, of the Thirty-Seventh Indiana, left the
signal corps and stood by Rousseau's side, or galloped through
4he rain of bullets with his messages. More than once
McCoolv'seye Ughted up with approval as it feU on his order
lies, three of whom were privates of the Second Indiana cav
alry, Isaac Bailey, WUliam Edwards and Henry Knowles, so
distUiguished even among the brave was their cool bearing.
The Thirty-Eighth Indiana and the Second Ohio, after
exhausting their ammunition, emptied the boxes of the dead
and wounded, and at last, with fixed bayonets, held their
jwsition twenty-five minutes. While they stood there, the
great gap on their left, where Jackson went down, was threat
ened by the triumphant Buekner, but Starkweather, having
¦cleared his own front, now turned artiUery and musketry in
defence of Rousseau's left flank. Repeatedly Buekner was
repulsed, and repeatedly he came back ; but at last Stark
weather shook him off. Captain Bush lost thirty-five horses,
but with the assistance of the First Wisconsin, his guns and
caissons were drawn off and saved*
The second onset on Lytie's brigade was in the sight of a
large part of the army. The Confederates advanced in heavy
masses down the slopes of the hills. The sunbeams glanced
on ten thousand bayonets, and on a long line of haughty
-» The artillerymen afterwards presented the Wisconsin regiment with a
jsfit of colors iu acknowledgement of their brave aild friendlj assistance.

618 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
banners. On they came in the face of pouring artiUery. The
Union infantry rose from the ground, met them with despera
tion, and checked the direct current, but only to turn it to a
ravine on the right, tMough which it came with such advan
tage that the brigade was forced to retieat Colonel Lytle
was mortally wounded, but he would not be carried from the-
ground. " No," he said to the sergeant, who stooped to lift
him in his arms; ^'¦yeu raay do sorae good yet; let me die
here." .»
The fire of two batteries and of a heavy infantiy force-
swept over Simonscm's artillery, kUling sixteen horses and four
teen men, and forcing the guns from their position. The-
Thirty-Eighth Indiana marched into the space, and with the
Tenth Wisconsin three times repulsed the enemy.
Gradually faUing badi, in spite of stubborn fightingy
McCook's corps stood at length near and behind RusseU's
house and barn. At this time four of the guns of Harris*^
battery were taken.
No assistance had as yet arrived, although an aid had been
dispatched by McCook to ask Gilbert to look to his right,
and two other messengers had been sent for reinforcements,
one to the nearest commander, and the other to General
Schoepf, commanding the first division and reserve of Gil
bert's corps, or to the commander of the nearest troops in
the rear.
The messenger directed to the nearest commander, first met
Gfeneral Schoepf, who sent him to Gilbert, who sent him to
BueU, Gfalloping from one point to another, the harassed!
officer at last found the commander-in-chief, to whom he was
the first to announce that a battle was in progress. Two
hours it had raged, "the severest and most desperately eon-
tested engageraent, for the time occupied, witMn Bragg's
knowledge," and not an inlding had reached the rear, but two
and a half miles distant. General BueU hastened to the
field, McCook's corps was on the verge of destruction ; the enemy
only eight hundred yards distant was coming nearer every
moment, regardless of artUlery and musketiy stiU poured into
his face, when Colonel Gooding's brigade of Pea Ridge mens

BATTLE OF CHAPLIN HILLS. 619
hastening from Gilbert's corps, boldly pressed forward and
drew upon itself nearly the whole of the enemy's attention.
It fought alone and unsupported two hours, holding the Con
federates back, but scarcely making them falter. Once the
Twenty-Second Indiana, charging with fixed bayonets, suc
ceeded in tMowing them from their position on the right, but
a fresh force came in on the left, and nothing was gained.
When the sun set, and the gloom of evening began to
gather, the ffre gradually slackened, the Confederates par
tiaUy disappeared, and Gooding cautiously moved forward.
He had not taken many steps when he found the enemy close
at hand, and becarae engaged in the fiercest struggle of the
day. The courage of the men was equal to the occasion.
Lieutenant- Colonel Keith, of the Twenty-Second, waving his
sword, and shouting, "We are moving on to victory!" was
kiUed with the inspfring words on his lips, John Adams, the
color-bearer of the sarae regiraent, was shot through the right
aim ; he seized the staff with his left hand ; it too was shot,
and he caught the flag -with his teeth, and held it untU he was
shot dead,* The second color-bearer was wounded, and the
third was kiUed. Gooding's horse was shot under him, and
before he could get away, he was a prisoner.
General PoUc, having crowded McCook's troops back and
too-ether, turned a large force against Sheridan, and advanced
it to his very Une through the heavy fire of two batteries, but
it was repulsed and driven back through PerryvUle, At the
same time his right, meeting reinforcements brought up by
General BueU, and confused by the dusk of evening, began
to slacken its firing and to retieat.
During the early part of the night many were taken pris
oners wMle they wandered in search of water,
fri the morning the dead and wounded lay on ChapUn
HUls, where they had fallen, and the captured cannon stood
where they were captured, but General Bragg, with aU Ms
army, was gone. General BueU, after the lapse of two or
*John Adams was the only child of a poor widow in Madison. With the
fi.,t money he received from the Government, he paid his mother s rent on
^IZ, bought her a blanket shawl, flannel, caUco, flour and meat. He
left her as comfortable as his means would allow.

620 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
three hours, sent several bodies of tioops in pursuit, directing
them to return before night, but he detained the main army
on the ground, and spent the day in burying the dead,, and in
counting up his losses.
The battle of PerryvUle was almost as unequal a contest
as that of Richmond, Bragg having thirty thousand engaged,
and BueU not fourteen thousand, of which a large portion
consisted of new troops. In this estimate Sheridan's di-vision,
which fought but a short time, is not included.
Three hundred of the Twenty-Second Indiana -were en
gaged, and one hundred and seventy-two were Idlled, wounded
and captured; of these fifty-six were kiUed. The Forty-
Second had sixty-four kiUed and wounded. The Thfrty-
Eighth lost one hundred and fifty-seven, not more than six
being captured. The Eightieth lost one hundred and fifty-
seven. Harris' battery lost nineteen. The Second cavafry had
two kUled. The losses of Simonson's and Bush's batteries,
and of the Eighty-Eighthregimentarenot known.
In skfrmishing or on picket during the battie, the foUowing
Indiana regiraents were engaged slightly : the Ninth, Tenth,
Fifteenth, Thfrty-Fifth, Thfrty-Sixth, Fortieth, Fifty-Seventh,
Forty-Fourth, Eighty-Ffrst and Eighty-Seventh. The For
tieth had one man wounded in the hand, the fU-st blood cfrawn
from that regiment by the enemy.
General McCook in his report compliments Dr. Beckwith,
of the Thirty-Fifth, for his kind care of wounded men. Gen
eral Mitchell said of Colonel Gooding, " He did his whole
duty as the coraraander of one of the very best brigades in
the service of the Governraent, and Indiana may feel proud
of his conduct in the bloody conflict."
The foUowing letter frora Major ShankUn records the part
taken by the Forty-Second:
" The night before the battle we encamped near MaxvUle.
Our orders were to march at six in the morning, but events
transpfred during the night which caused us to inarch at four.
After a few mUes we heard cannonadmg, increasing in volume
and intensity, until we reached a hUl from which our batteries
could be seen. The Rebel artUlery bemg beyond in a strip

THE FORTY-SECOND OUTFLANKED. 621
of woods, which concealed it from our view, the smoke of
tiieir guns alone showed us their position.
"We were first ordered to support one battery, Loomis',
which had been thrown rapidly forward, and was then beo-in-
ni ng to open fire. Scarcely had we taken this position, when
one of Rousseau's aids rode up, stating that the occasion for
supporting the battery had ceased, and ordering Colonel Jones
to take the regiment down into a ravine in front of Loomis'
battery to get water. This ravine was nothing less than a
creek, which, owing to thp drouth, never in the memory of
the oldest settlers equalecrbefore, had become completely dry.
In front of the creek, that is facing the enemy, the bank rose
graduaUy towards the woods, where the Rebel guns were, the
space between the creek and the woods, about a quarter of a
mile, being an open field. All back of us, excepting the road
down which we came, and which had been cut out, was a
precipitous rocky bluff, from twenty-five to fifty feet high, up
which it was impossible to ride a horse, and only possible for
a man to climb. This bluff extended down the creek about
a quarter of a mUe, where the bank graduaUy ascended again
to the place where Loomis had his guns.
" While we were down here an incessant cannonading was
kept up, our regiment being between the two ffres. Loomis'
sheUs passed over our heads, and although the Rebels did not
see us, their sheUs occasionally dropped in among us. About
one o'clock. Captain Bryant and I were lyuig under a tree
eating a sweet potato, when the Captain remarked, ' Loomis
must have dismounted some of their guns, they have quit
firing,' I said, jokingly, ' Suppose a couple of regiments of
' ' cavalry should come down on us through this ravine, wouldn't
we be in a nice fix ? ' We talked several minutes in this way,
not dreaming that our conjectures were soon to be realized.
The truth is, our Generals did not dream anything of the kind
either, or we never should have been put down into such a
slaughter trap.
" The Rebel guns had really ceased, but our cannomers
kept blazing away at the place where they had been, jubUant,
I suppose, at the idea of having sUenced them. The cause
of the silence was soon explained. It seems that about half

622 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
past twelve, Rebel scouts discovered us, and reported our
position to one of their Generals, who is said to have ex
claimed, 'There is one regiment gone up, anyhow.' He
immediately ordered the batteries which were playing against
Loomis to raove to our right, to a position comraanding the
ravine. I can imagine how they laughed in their sleeves at
our batteries blazing away at thefr position, while they were
quietly puUing thefrs round to a point which would give them
every opportunity they could ask. We had no pickets nor
skirmishers in that direction.
" I had hardly finished my remark to Captain Bryant when
he said, 'Listen! Do you hear that?' We could plainly
hear the command given by the Colonel of some regiment
up in the woods marcMng towards us by the flank, ' By com
pany, into line! March!' and immediately afterwards, 'For
ward into line by company, left half wheel H!' to form the
regiment into line of battle.
" So confident was I, even then, that there was no enemy
up there, that I said, ' That is one of our regiments taking
position on our right.' The men were lying round with their
guns stacked, when suddenly a few stiay shots frora some of
the enemy, whose impatience got ahead of the word of com
mand, came wMzzing by us. Colonel Jones immediately
called attention, and the men sprang to their arms. The
enemy poured down a volley of musketiy, and comraenced
sweeping the ravine with the artiUery which we had thought
silenced. The first three or fomr rounds they did not get our
range, consequently few were stiuck,
"At the first shot I raounted ray horse, a young stray colt,
wMch, ray own horse being lame, I had picked up on the
road. He became unmanageable at once ; the saddle turned
with me, and I dismounted, holding him by the bridle,
" Colonel Jones swung the right wing round, and gave orders
to fire ; but the enemy was completely hidden by the woods
and the ffre was quite ineffectual. At this juncture Colonel
Jones received an order to fall back. He told Colonel Denby
to take the right wing out, and he would accompany the left.
I remained in my position, and saw Colonel Jones come down
past me. I could not hear what he said, but seeing the right

TRUE METAL. 623
wing give way, I supposed the intention was to take the reg
iment out of the ravine, if possible.
" It was a terrible position. In front a concealed enemy
firing volley after voUey; on our right a battery throwing
grape, with little accuracy, it is tiue, but all the time getting
nearer the range; behind, a steep precipice, up which the men
must cUmb, exposed to the fire of sharpshooters. Colonel
Jones rode down the ravine to the place where the bluff ceased^
and managed to get out; Colonel Denby and a part of two
companies succeeded in getting back up the road that we
came down ; but the main body was compeUed to clamber up
the bluff the best way it could. I started up the bluff, cUmb-
ing rock by rock, grape-shot stiiking all round. I did not
know what the orders were, or whether there were any, and
when, on looking back, I saw Captain French's and a part
of Captain Eigelman's corapanies stiU down in the raviue,
ffring from behind a little island in the bed of the creek, I
turned round and went back, thinking it best for all of us to
stay with them. I had been there but a few minutes, when
Lieutenant St John, of Lytie's staff, rode down to the edge
of the bluff and waved his hand. His words I could not
hear, but I supposed that we were ordered to leave the ravine.
Captain Eigelman ran up ahead, and shouted back to me,
'-Major, they are flanking us ; they are coraing down the ravine.'
We aU then started up the bluff.
"It is a mfracle the regiraent got out so weU. I thought
we never could get the regiment together again, and my
misery was great; but the men proved themselves tiue metal,
coraing up slowly over the hill in line of battie, and looMng
desperate and determined. We were ordered across the field
by the flank, to take position in the woods, and wait the
advance of the enemy, now coming up the hiU in beautiful
style, cheering as though the victory were won, and throwing
SheU and grape furiously. The screams the wUd, terrible
demon yells of the bombs, and the snake-hke hissing of the
buUets, made that march over Peter's farm decidedlyithe raost
interesting tiip I ever took. We were very near the woods
when, sfrnultaneously with the bursting of a sheU over my

624 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA,
of the men sprang to me, and carried me off. It was only a
scalp or flesh wound, however.
"A Uttie after sunset the firing ceased alraost entfrely. Our
regiraent had made a splendid charge, during which Captain
Olmsted was instantly kUled while bravely leading his men
and cheering them on. The regiment was again met by
overwhelming numbers, and feU back in perfect order, after
firing every round in thefr cartiidge-boxes. At this time Col
onel Denby's horse was kiUed, and feU on hira. In extrica
ting hiraself he got behind, and got lost, and he did not find
the regiment until late the next morning.
" Do not think the regiraent feU back in disorder. None
could have done better. The whole brigade was forced back.
It was no retieat, only a faUing back in obedience to orders.
The whole battle was disastious. BueU is the most stupen
dous failure on record."
Crittenden's corps came up abreast of GUbert as early as
four, A member of the Eighty-Sixth Indiana, which was in
Van Cleve's division of Crittenden's corps, -writes:
" We were at hand during the battle of PerryviUe, in Une
of battle, and moved across the country the next day in battle
array, through brier-patches, corn-fields and duck-ponds, but
we camped that night near the battle-field. We visited the
scene of the terrible conflict, where the Rebel dead and
wounded were stiU lying. Some of the wounded were curs
ing the Yankees for invading their country, and others were
cm-sing the Confederates for leaving them in the hands of the
enemy." When General McCook, with Rousseau and Jackson,
moved towards PerryviUe, he directed General SUl, now in
command of the second division, to continue his course along
the Frankfort road. General SUl had already been engaged
in several skirmishes, since leaving LouisviUe, and he advanced
with a proper mixture of caution and courage. Li the van
of his division were three compames of the western detach
ment of the Third Indiana cavafry, on this march under fire
for the first time.
At Dog Walk General Withers made an effort to capture
the division. A portion of his tioops attacked SUl in front.

PURSUIT RECOMMENCED. 625
and was repulsed only after a warm engagement of tliree
hours, duration. Another portion would have fallen upon his
rear at the same tirae, but for mistaking a small wagon train
with a guard of convalescent soldiers forthe object of attack.
The tiain -was captured, and with it four hundred and ten
prisoners. Some were paroled the first night, after being
marched twelve mUes; the rest went on to NicholasvUle,
thirty-five and a half mUes, through rain and mud. All the
rations given them in two days and two nights were one pint
of flour for each man. After being paroled at NicholasvUle,
they were robbed by Morgan's and Scott's cavafry of the most
of the private property their captors had left them. Happy
was the man who kept his shoes, his coat, hat, blanket or
canteen. General Bragg expected a close pursuit after the battle of
PerryviUe, and went towards the North for the sake of the
good position at Harrodsburg. Not being attacked, he retired
to Camp Dick Robinson, from which he receded as the Union
army approached. The Ninth Indiana drove his rear out of
DanviUe. General BueU raade a desperate attempt to catch
hira before entering the hilly country near the Cumberland,
sending McCook and Crittenden by way of Stanford, and
Gilbert through Lancaster, and concentiating the three corps
in front of Crab Orchard, where Confederate cavalry arid
artiUery rnade an imposing display. He threw out skirmish
ers, put his guns in position, arranged his infantry in line, and
made every preparation for battle with caution, exactness and
minuteness. When he was aU ready, the Confederate army
melted away.
The advance divisions pressed on over roads, bad at aU times,
and now cut to pieces by General Bragg's immense train.
As it was impossible for wagons to foUow, worn out shoes
could not be replaced, and many soldiers were again barefoot.
The weather was growing cold, and the pursuit, hurried and
hard, yet hopeless, was in its most disagreeable stage. At
WUd Cat, Hazen's brigade had h severe skfrmish with the
enemy's rear. The Ninth Indiana lost four, the Thirty-Sixth
lost ten kiUed and wounded.

626 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
The foremost division went thirty mUes further, almost to
Cumberland Gap, before it gave over the pursuit
General Bragg took out of Kentucky with Polk's and
Hardee's corps, nearly four thousand heavily loaded wagons,
and many thousand cattle, sheep, mules and horses.
General Smith's spoils were even greater. He came into
the State without a wagon, and his soldiers had nothing but
rags on their backs. He went out with a tiain which was
forty miles long, which contained a million yards of jeans,
¦with a corresponding quantity of everything else civUized
life affords, and which was followed by fifteen hundred mules
and horses and eight thousand beeves.
General BueU's army rested a few days, then pursued the
route to NashvUle. The march of one regiment teUs the
story of all.
A member of the Eighty-Sixth -writes :
" There was not enough level ground where we halted at
WUd Cat for a man to sleep on, and we scattered in all
directions, through the woods and down the mountain side.
After the first day, when we began to reaUze that we had
actuaUy stopped, we wandered off beyond the pickets in small
parties, in search of corn, pumpkins and grapes, A sentinel
frora the Eighty-Sixth, guarding one \9f the roads, halted one
of these parties, and inforraed the men that they could not
pass unless they could say ' Washington,' the countersign,
" There was but one inhabited house anywhere in the coun
try, and that was a smaU cabin, situated so far from any pos
sibility of a road that it was a wonder to us how the woman
who lived in it, -with some little chUdren, ever got there. She
no doubt heard the guns at the battle of WUd Cat, and, if she
knew what they were, thanked her stars that she did not Uve
araong men.
" We spent our evenings araong the raountains around our
fires, eating grapes and parched corn, brought many a weary
mile. " Our next march led us back the way we came as far as
Mt Vernon, where we turned to the left. Our marches were
raore regular than when folio-wing the enemy. Our route lay
tMough Somerset, Columbia, Glasgow, ScottsvUle and Gal'

EFFECT OP MARCH, 627
latin. At Somerset we were caught in a great snow storm.
It snowed aU night, and all we could burn did not keep us
-w-arm. At Columbia we got our Sibley tents and overcoats.
The former we seldom took the trouble to put up, and the
latter served only to burden those who were thoughtless
enough to receive them. At Gallatin we crossed the Cum
berland on a trestle bridge,
"Our division encamped a few days at Silver Springs,
eighteen mUes from NashviUe, and then inarched to Rural
HiU, where we were attacked one foggy morning by Wheel
er's cavalry, which expected to surprise the camp; but we
were ready for anything by daylight. The brigade was en
caraped so that the moment the regiments took arms a square
was formed. The Eighty-Sixth was on the side on which
the attack was made, and the men stood their ground with
coolness, though the Rebel sheUs made an ugly noise and dug
up the earth about thera.
"On the 20th of Noveraber, Lieutenant-Colonel George
F. Dick joined the Eighty-Sixth, He had been Major of
the Twentieth Indiana, and was haUed-with joy as an officer
of experience and reputation. His he-art alraost faUed him
when he saw our condition. Our march through Kentucky,
which was as dry as powder, no water being found sometimes
for thirty-six hours, and the weather generally being exces
sively warm, was enough to lull old soldiers, and of course
almost ruined our regiment. An hour often fagged the men
out and laid them by the roadside. Many were sent back to
hospitals; sorae died along the road; raany, who were left
behind, found their way home, and were dropped from the
rolls as deserters, so that in November we had lost half our
number. Colonel Dick, however, lost no time. Beginning
with the work of cleaning arms, which scarcely anybody in
the regiment understood, he found guns which had been loaded
ever since the battie of PerryvUle.
" On the 26th of November we moved into camp near Nash
viUe, where, before the close of the month, the entfre array
was concentiated.'*

628 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.

CHAPTER XLIL
POLITICAL HISTORY.— THii GENERAL ASSEMBLY OP INDIANA IN
1861.— REGULAR SESSION.— CALLED SESSION.
" When the hour strikes for a people, or for mankind, to pass into a new
being unseen hands draw the bolts from the gate of futurity; and all sub
duing influences prepare the minds of men for the coming revolution; those
who plan resistance find themselves in conflict with the will of Providence,
rather than with human devices ; and all hearts and all understandings,
most of all, the opinions and influences of the unwilling, are wonderfully
attracted and compelled to bear forward the change which becomes more an
Obedience to the law of universal nature than submission to the arbitrament
of men." — Bancroft.
A history in detail of the relations of the poUtics and pol
iticians of Indiana to the rebeUion, would exceed the scope
of this work ; but at the sarae tirae the connection between
the two is • so intimate as to render it impracticable to give
anything like a correct view of the efforts put forth by the
people of this State in the prosecution of the war, and the
difficiUties with which they were surrounded, without at least
noticing some of the most prominent features in our political
history during the sarae period.
The General Asserably of Indiana met m regular session
on the 10th day of January, 1861, after President Buchanan
and Attorney General Black had officially proclaimed to the
world theimpotency of the National Government to preserve
itself from destiuction. In the Senate, the RepubUcan can
didate for the Presidency of that body was elected, the vote
standing twenty-seven to nineteen, and in the House a Re
pubUcan Speaker was elected, the vote standing fifty-nine to
thfrty-six. These votes sufliciently indicate the poUtical com
plexion of the Legislature. By the death of Governor A.
P. WUlard in October, 1860, the oflSce of Governor devolved
on the Lieutenant-Governor. Hon. A. A. Hammond, who,

GOVERNOR HAMMOND'S MESSAGK 629
Uke Governor WiUard, belonged to and had been elected by
the Democratic party.
On Friday, January 11th, 1861, Governor Hammond deUv
ered his annual message before the two Houses of the Gen
eral Assembly, met in joint convention. On the 14th day
of the sarae month, the two Houses again assembled in joint
convention, and the returns of the votes cast for the offices
of Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, at the preceding Octo
ber election, were opened and pubUshed by the Speaker, and
the result proclaimed was, that for Governor Henry S, Lane
had received 136,720 votes, and Thomas A, Hendricks had
received 126,768 votes, and that for Lieutenant-Governor,
Oliver P. Morton had received 136,470 votes, and David
Turpie had received 126,192 votes,
Hon, Plenry S. Lane was thereupon declared to be duly
elected Governor, to serve for four years from and after the
second Monday in January, 1861, and Hon, OUver P, Morton
was declared to be duly elected Lieutenant-Governor for the
same period. Governor Lane thereupon delivered his inau
gural message to the joint convention by whom Ms election
had just been proclaimed.
The messages of Governor Hararaond and Governor Lane,
delivered only three days apart, raay be supposed to afford a.
correct index to the sentiment at that time of the two great
parties to which they respectively belonged.
In discussing the condition of the country, Governor Ham
mond, in imitation of President Buchanan and Attorney
General Black, declared the General Governraent to be "a
Government of affection, and not of force." He exhorted the
General Asserably " to show to the people of the Confed
eracy that Indiana wUl maintain the constitutional right of
every State in this Union ; that she wUi extend to the South
aU rights in the Territories belonging to the Government that
she would claim for herself; that she wiU look to the Consti
tution and the laws to determme rights of property, and not
permit any moral question to interpose to affect that deter
mination, and that aU property recognized by the Constitution.
and laws should be alike protected."
Governor Lane, in his inaugural, proclaimed the doctrine
41

630 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
"that secession is tieason, and that every citizen of the Union
is under an obUgation to defend the countiy and its consti
tution and laws against the attacks of foreign enemies and
the assaults of domestic traitors," He gave the assurance
that the people of the State, -with very few exceptions, were
resolved to support the President of the United States in the
free exercise of aU his constitutional powers with the manU-
ness and courage of a free people. And whUe Governor
Lane announced that "if the anti-Deraocratic, anti-Republi
can position now assumed by a large party at the South be
tiue, that the result of a Presidential election, legally and
constitutionaUy conducted in all respects, is to be held a good
reason for a dissolution of the Union," then the Union can
only be preserved by a base surrender of the rights of the
majority to rule, and by stiiking down that liberty and equal
ity which the Constitution was ordained and estabUshed to
guarantee and perpetuate. He at the same tirae proclaimed
that the people of Indiana were in favor of an amicable set
tlement of the existing difficulties between the different parts
of the RepubUc, but that such settlement, to be permanent
and final, must be based upon measures equal and just in
thefr operations, and alike honorable to all portions of our
common countiy. The Governor concluded by asserting
that there were certain rights (which he enumerated) belong
ing to every citizen of the Umted States by the laws of God
and man, and that these rights would be maintained and per
petuated by the people of the United States in defiance of
all opposition, and even by the free use of the sword, if all
other means should fail.
The sentiment of the two parties may also be gathered
from the proceedings of the two Houses of the General
Assembly at the sarae session. Early in the session in the
Senate a majority of the Committee on Federal Relations,
consisting of the RepubUcan raembers of that committee,
reported the foUowing joint resolution, which subsequently
passed both Houses of the General Assembly :
" Whereas, The peace and harmony of the Republic are
so disturbed as to excite in the mind of all patiiots the most
serious apprehensions of the pubUc welfare.

'COMMITTEE ON FEDERAL RELATIONS. 631
¦^And Whereas, It is the duty of aU loyal citizens of om-
beloved country to exert themselves to the utmost to avert
the dangers that threaten to overthrow the stabiUty and per
manence of our free institutions, and to remove the cause or
•causes, if any such exist, that have arrayed one portion of a
once united and happy people against the others
"And, whereas. We duly appreciate the blessings of the
Union under the operation and control of the Federal Con
stitution, as they were devised and intended by the fathers
of the Republic;
"And, whereas, We regard the dissolution of the Union
and the subversion of the Constitution as a calamity so ter
rible in its consequence that we can conteraplate it only as a
mighty evU, the extent and magnitude of which we can esti
mate when we shaU have become a broken, disjointed people,
at war among ourselves, and a prey to our enemies ;
"And whereas. In view of aU these considerations, we, as
a part of the people of this Republic, inviolably attached to
its government, and owing the most undivided allegiance to
all of its laws enacted by authority, and in compliance -with the
provisions of its Constitution, do hereby earnestly pledge
ourselves, and resolve by the Senate, the House concurring
therein, that, as we have not in the past contributed in any
¦degree to bring about the state of things which tMeatens to
result in overwhelming calamity and unparaUeled crime, we
wiU not hereafter do any act or acts that wUl tend to weaken
the bands of Union, violate the Constitution of the United
States, or oppose or otherwise interfere with any of the laws
passed under and by authority of the sarae.
" Resolved, That the maintainance of the rights of the
State, and especiaUy the right of each State to order and
contiol its own domestic institutions according to tis own
judcrment exclusively, is essential to the balance of power on
whidi the perfection and endurance of our political fabric
depends, and that we, as a portion of the people, wiU abide
bv and maintain the same in theory and practice; and m
view of the fact that several of the States in the Federal
Union have placed tiiemselves in an attitude of hogtUity

632 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
towards the Government, in our opimon,, without justifiable
cause, therefore,
"-Be it resolved, by the Senate, the House of Representatives
concurring therein, that aU ffrm, wise, dignified and. patriotic
measures, having for their objectthe preservation of the Union
and maintainance of the National authority under the Con
stitution of the United States, whether adopted by the present
or incoming administiation, should be sustained with firmness
and deterraination; and in behalf of the people of the State
of Indiana, we hereby pledge to the Federal Government
whatever of power or purpose a loyal and patiiotic State
should contribute m the effort to preserve the only govern
ment on earth, wherein the rights of man constitute the foun
dation of its laws and the measm-e of its civU authority.
" Resolved That the citizens and Representatives of Mary
land, Delaware, Vfrginia, North CaroUna, Kentucky, Missouri
and Tennessee, who have patrioticaUy resisted the progress
of secession, are entitled to our admfration and the gratitude
of all other Union-lovmg citizens."
Simultaneously with the reporting of the above recited
joint resolution by the majority of the Committee on Federal
Relations, the minority of the members of that comraittee,
consisting of Democrats, raade a rainority report, m which
they dissented from the raajority report, because its recom
mendations were equal to the demands of the crisis, and pre
sented in lieu thereof a memorial to Congress, the adoption
of which was recommended. This memorial and the accom
panying resolution are too long for insertion here, but its
spfrit is sufficiently indicated by the following extiact, viz :
"While the State of Indiana is ffrmly attached to the
Union of the States, and regards the unbroken peace of the
country as an indispensable condition of its continuance, and
while she denies the asserted constitutional right to secede
frora the Federal Union, and while she recognizes a plain
duty in the Federal Government to enforce the Federal laws
and maintain the Federal supreraacy over Federal property,
yet she recognizes the duty and the poUcy of moderation and
forbearance on the part of the Federal Government towards
the seceding States, and at this junctm-e only the civil powers

VOTE ON REPORT. 633
of the 'Government can safely be used to enforce the laws.;
and in behalf of the Union and the peaceful enforcement of
the laws, the State of Indiana exhorts the National Congress
to second by legislation the efforts of the Executive to enforce
the laws by civU process; and whUe the State of Indiana
recognizes as the last resort the inaUehable right of revolution
by a State, for sufficient cause, and whUe she does not regard
the election of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency alone as fur
nishing a sufUcient cause for revolution, yet, in frankness
and justice to her sister States, she is bound to say that the
aggregate of grievances which the South has sustained at the
hands of the North, including the election of a sectional
President, upon a simple anti-slavery issue, does furnish good
grounds of alarm to the slave-holding States, and justifies
them in demanding concessions and new guarantees for the
safety of their institutions."
The memorial then endorses the Crittenden compromise,
and prays for its passage, and in the event of its defeat, prays
that a National Convention of the States be called to consider
amendraents to the Constitution of the United States, and in
conclusion the memorial asserts "that the solution of the
impending calamity is to be found in concUiation and com
promise, and not in the power of the sword, — ^which, if once
drawn, -wiU never be returned until every State ii^ the Union
has become a blood stained desert."
On the 23d day of January, 1861, the vote was taken on
the preamble and joint resolution reported by the majority
of the Committee on Federal Relations, and resulted in thefr
adoption by a vote of twenty-eight to eleven, aU of those
yotino- in the affirmative being RepubUcans, except two, and
all of those voting in the negative being Democrats.
February 21, 1861, the same joint resolution was put upon
its passage in the House, and the result of the vote was that
fifty-eight RepubUcans voted for the preamble and resolu
tions, and twenty-six Democrats voted against them, and six
Democrats were present refusing to vote. TMs joint resolu
tion of the Senate had been referred in the House to a select
committee of thfrteen, and the RepubUcan raajority of that
committee had reported it back and recommended its passage.

634 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
The Democratic members of the same committee made sn
lengthy minorityreport. Space can only be here afforded forthe
following significant extract frora this rainority report, viz:
" They (the minority of the committee) would further say-
that they believe tMs Government ' derives its just powers-
from the consent of the 'governed,' and that it would become
subversive of the very spfrit of Uberty and natural right to
attempt by the stiong arm of Federal power, backed up as
it would be by the army and navy, to coerce or compel the
people of any State or States to remain an integral part of a
government they desfre to separate frora, and that -we cannot
view but -with serious alarra any attempt on the part of the
General Government to make vassals and serfs of the freemen
of the countiy, to do homage to a great power at the pomt
of the sabre or bayonet. If such a course should be pursued
and be successful, the free citizens of Indiana would have no
guarantee of thefr Uberties worth the name; and when a
dominant party, placed in power upon the very question which
is now disrupting the governraent, attempts to enforce its
poUtical creeds and dogmas at the point of the bayonet and
at the connon's mouth, it becomes every freeman to say
whether he -wUl stand idly by and see despotism flourish, or
whether he shall take the part and espouse the cause of those
who shoulder their arms to protect and preserve thefr rights
and liberties. We beUeve we will be safe in saying that we
speak the sentiments of more than one hundred thousand
freemen of Indiana that we will not assist in the scheme,
that we will not stand idly by, but, remembering the Ulustiious
examples of thefr fathers, fight to keep the fires of equal rights,
justice and Uberty."
Accompanying the report from which the above is extracted
were five resolutions, the adoption of which were recom
mended. The first of the resolutions named five commis
sioners to the Peace Congress, -viz : Henry S. Lane, Caleb B.
Smith, WUUara T. Otto, Cyrus L. Dunham and Thomas A.
Hendricks ; the second endorsed and accepted the Crittenden
propositions ; the tliird instiucted the Senators and requested
the Representatives of Indiana in Congress to use thefr in
fluence to have said propositions accepted by Congress, and

PEACE CONVENTION. 635
that they do all in thefr power to have a convention of dele
gates to amend the Constitution ; the fourth, that the people
of Indiana should have an opportunity to express their opin
ions upon said propositions at the baUot-box ; and that a law
should be passed as soon as possible to allow the people to
vote for or against such propositions on the 22d day of Feb
ruary next ensuing.
During the pendency of the rainority report in the House,
a motion was made by a Democratic Representative to amend
that report by adding the foUowing resolution, viz:
" Resolved, That it is impoUtic and inexpedient to coerce
by force of arms any seceding States."
This resolution was tabled by a vote of fifty-tMee to thirty-
three, those voting for the motion to lay on the table being
RepubUcans, and those voting against the motion being
Democrats. The General Assembly also at the same session adopted
a joint resolution, of which the foUo-wing is a copy:
"Whereas, The State of Virginia has transmitted to this
State resolutions, adopted by her General Assembly, inviting
aU such States as are wUling to unite with her in an earnest
effort to adjust the present unhappy contioversies in the spirit
in which the Constitution was originally formed, to send com
missioners to raeet those appointed by that State in conven
tion, to be held in the city of Washington, on the 4th day
of February next, to consider and, if possible, to agree upon
some suitable adjustment;
"And whereas, Some of the States to which invitations
were extended by the State of Vfrgima, have afready re
sponded and appointed thefr commissioners, therefore
"^e it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of
Indiana, That we accept the invitation of ^^e State of Vir
ginia in the tiue spfrit of fraternal feeling, and that the Gov
ernor of tMs State is hereby dfrected and empowered to
appoint five commissioners to meet the commissioners ap-
oofnted by our sister States to consult upon the unhappy
Serencesnow dividing the countiy; but the said coramis-
doners shaU take no action that wiU commit this State untU
^^teen of the States (of the Union) are represented, and

636 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
without first having communicated -with this General Assem
bly in regard to such action, and having received the authority
of the same so to commit the State.
"Resolved, That whUe we are not prepared to assent to the
terms of settlement proposed by the State of Virginia, and
are fuUy satisfied that the Constitution, if fafrly interpreted
and obeyed, contains ample provision within itself for the
correction of the evUs complained of, still, with a disposition
to reciprocate the patiiotic desire of the State of Virginia,
and to have harmoniously adjusted all differences existing
between the States of the Union, tMs General Asserably is
induced to respond to the invitation of Vfrginia by the ap-
pointraent of the comraissioners herein provided for, but as
the time fixed for the convention to assemble is so near at
hand that the States cannot be represented, it is expected
that the commissioners on behalf of this State wiU insist that
the convention adjourn untU such tirae as the States shall
have an opportunity of being represented.
" Resolved, That his ExceUency, the Governor, be requested
to transmit copies of these resolutions to the Executives of
each of the States of the Union."
This joint resolution passed the House by a vote of ninety
in the affirmative to six in the negative, all the RepubUcan
members voting in the affirmative and six Deraocratic mem
bers voting in the negative.
Two days after the passage of the above recited joint res
olution, twenty-seven Deraocratic members of the House,
who voted in favor of its passage, signed and presented tothe
House a protest against its passage in these words, to wit:
" The undersigned members of the House of Representa
tives of the State of Indiana, who voted 'aye' upon the
passage of House Joint Resolution No. — , providing for the
appointment of commissioners to meet the commissioners
of other States at Washington, on the 4th of February, 1861,
under certain restrictions, do hereby enter thefr protest against
the passage of said resolutions in the shape in which they
werepassed. They deem it unwise and improper to confer upon
the Governor a power which rightly belongs to the representa
tives of the people; that it was wrong and impolitic to

PEACE CONVENTION. 637
declare in such resolutions that the General Assembly does
not assent to the Virginia basis of settlement, believing as
we do that even if the General Assembly would not recognize
the innumerable petitions and requests of our constituents in
favor of the substance of said basis of compromise, it would
have been better to have given no instiuctions to said com
missioners. And we further protest against the unwise lim
itations in said resolutions as to the number of States to b©
represented in the conference. For these reasons we protest
against the passage of said resolutions in the manner and
form in which they were offered and voted upon. It is scarcely
necessary for us to say that we have been and are desirous
and anxious that commissioners should be appointed in
response to the patriotic caU of Vfrginia, and for that pur
pose we have aU labored earnestly and zealously from the
day the resolutions of Virginia were laid before the General
Assembly," When this joint resolution was under consideration in the
Senate, it was moved that so much thereof as relates to the
appointraent of the commissioners by the Governor be stricken
out, and that the names of Thomas A, Hendricks, Cyrus L,
Dunham, Henry S, Lane, Caleb B. Smith and WiUiam T.
Otto be inserted in the proper place as such commissioners.
This motion to amend was laid upon the table by a vote of
Twenty-seven to eighteen, those voting in the affirmative
being Republicans, and those voting in the negative, with one
exception, being Democrats.
It was further moved to amend by adding a resolution
setting forth "that the proposition lately submitted by Hon.
John J. Crittenden to the Senate of the Umted States, con
stitutes a fafr basis for the action of said commissioners in
the adjustment of our National tioubles." On motion, this
amendment was laid upon the table, twenty-six RepubUcans
voting in the affirmative, and nineteen Democratic Senators
votin- in the negative. The joint resolution then passed the
Senate by a vote of forty-tiiree to tMee, the tMee voting m
the neeative being Democrats.
Having made the political record of which the_ foregoing

638 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA,
is beUeved to be a correct index, the Legislature adjourned
sine die on the 11th day of March, 1861,
Governor Morton appointed the foUo-wing named gentle
men comraissioners to the Peace Congress under the joint
resolution: Hon, Caleb B, Smith, Hon, P, A, Hacldeman,
Hon, G, S, Orth, Hon. E, W. H. EUis and Hon. T. C.
Slaughter. Fort Sumter surrendered on the 14th day of AprU, 1861,
and on the same day the President issued his proclamation
calling upon the raiUtia of the several States of the Union
to enter the military service of the United States to the aggre
gate number of 75,000 raen, "to raaintain the laws and the
integrity of the National Union and the perpetuity of popu
lar governraents, and redress wrongs that have long been
endured." On the 15th day of April, Governor Morton received an
official dispatch from the Secretary of War caUing upon
Indiana for six regiments as her quota of the 75,000 men
required by the President's proclamation, and on the next day
the Governor issued the following proclaraation :
" Whereas, An armed rebellion has been organized in cer
tain States of this Union, having for its purpose the overthrow
of the Government of the United States;
"And whereas. The authors and movers in this rebellion
have seized by violence various forts and arsenals belonging
to the United States, and otherwise plundered the Govern
ment of large amounts of money and valuable property ;
"And whereas. Fort Sumter, a fortiess belonging to the
United States, the exclusi-ve possession and jurisdiction over
which was vested in the General Government by the Con
stitution of the United States, has been beseiged by a large
array, and assaulted by a destructive cannonade, and reduced
to submission, and the National flag hauled down in dishonor;
"And whereas, The President of the United States, in the
exercise of the power vested in hira by the Federal Constitu
tion, has caUed upon the several States remaining true to
their aUegiance to aid him in the enforceraent of the laws,
the recovery of the National property, and the maintenance
of the rightful authority of the United States:

COMMENCEMENT OP RECRUITING. 639
" Now, therefore, I, OUver P. Morton, Governor of the State
of Indiana, caU upon loyal and patiiotic men of this State, to
the number of six regiments, to organize theraselves into
military companies, and forthwith report the same to the
Adjutant General in order that they raay be speedily mus
tered into the service of the United States.
" The detaUs of the organization are set forth in the in
stiuctions of the Adjutant General, herewith pubUshed.
" Oliver P, Morton, Governor,
" By Lewis Wallace, Adjutant General,
" IndianapoUs, AprU 16, 1861,"
On the day of the issuing of this proclamation, recruiting
immediately commenced at Indianapolis, and within one week
not only the six regiments caUed for reported for duty, but
forty additional companies were tendered, but could not be
received, because the quota of the State was fuU, The six
regiments consisted of the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth,
Tenth and Eleventh Lidiana volunteers, aU of which were
mustered into the service of the United States on the 25th
day of AprU, 1861, for the period of three months.
On the 15th of AprU the President issued Ms proclamation
calling upon the Congress of the United -States to meet in
special session, on the 4th day of July then next ensuing, and
on the 19th day of AprU Governor Morton issued his pro
clamation, requfring the General Assembly of the State to
meet in special session on the 24th day of the same month.
The Legislature met at the time appointed, and on the ffrst
day of the session the foUowing resolutions were adopted by
the Senate without opposition, viz:
"Resolved, That Indiana is a unit in sustaining the Gov
ernment, in enforcing the laws, mamtaimng the Union of the
States, and protecting the honor of the American flag, and
to that end the Legislature wUl vote aU the men and money
necessary. "And be it further resolved. That the Governor of the State
be and he is hereby requested to hold and retain aU the vol
unteers now in Camp Morton not mcluded in the six regi
ments, untU otherwise ordered by the Legislature."
The Senate was also organized on the same day by the

640 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
election of Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Principal Door
keeper, and Assistant Door-keeper by unanimous votes of
the Senate, the persons elected bemg selected equaUy from
the two great political parties of the State.
In the House of Representatives, Hon. Cyrus M. Allen,
Speaker of the House, presented the resignation of hiraself,
and the Clerk, Assistant Clerk and Door-keeper. The House
then proceeded to the election of a Speaker, and, thereupon,
Hon. Horace Heffren, who had been the Deraocratic candi
date for the office of Speaker of the House at the preceding
regular session of the General Asserably, addressed the House
as follows:
" Mr. Clerk : Scarcely four months since you and I met
in this hall as members of two opposing political parties. At
that time the honorable gentleman frora Knox (Mr. Allen)
was selected as a candidate for Speaker of this House by
one of those political parties, and I was selected as the can
didate of the other political party. Times have changed.
The Union that you and I love, and we aU love, the Star
Spangled Banner which my hands, and the hands of my gray
haired friend here, assisted in raising over the dome of this
building, is in danger. Union and harmony and concession
should now be our motto. Our coraing together now faUs
upon a tirae when our countiy is raenaced with danger, and
when our horaes and our firesides should be protected. It is,
therefore, that on this occasion I take great pleasure in having
the privilege of norainating for Speaker of the House of
Representatives, the Hon, Cyrus M. AUen, of the county of
Knox." The vote was thereupon taken, and Mr. AUen, having
received all the votes cast, was declared unanimously elected
Speaker of the House. A Clerk, Assistant Clerk and Door
keeper were also elected by unanimous votes, thereby com
pleting the organization of the House.
On the next day, AprU 25th, Governor Morton deUvered to
the two Houses of the General Assembly, in joint conven
tion met, the foUowing message :

GOVERNOR MORTON'S MESSAGE. 641
Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Representatives:
You have been sumraoned together under circurastances
of the most grave and iraportant character. Our country is
placed in a condition hitherto unknown in her history, and
one which aU patiiots and lovers of liberty tMoughout the
world had fondly hoped would never occur. CivU war, that
has ever been the bane of Republics, has been inaugurated
by certain rebeUious States, which, unmindful of thefr con
stitutional obligations, and regarding not our comraon history,
blood, interests and institutions, are seeking to dismember the
Nation and overthrow the Federal Governraent, so wisely,
and as we had believed, perraanently estabUshed by our
fathers. The origin of this raost wicked rebeUion dates back more
than thirty years. It is weU known that distingmshed South
ern statesmen, as early as 1829, cherished the dream of -a vast
Southern Slaveholding Confederacy, comprehending the con
quest of Cuba, Mexico and Central America. The deter
mination was then formed to break our Republic into pieces
by any avaUable pretext. The first one seized upon by South
CaroUna, was the tariff question ; and had not the Nation had
for its Executive a man greatly distinguished for patriotism,
courage and decision of character, wide spreading and dis-
asti-ous consequences might have foUowed. By prompt and
energetic action, the rebeUion was crushed out for a time, to
be revived, as subsequent events have shown, on new pretenses
and in another form.
The election of a President of the United States through
the forms of the Constitution, entertaining opinions obnox
ious to certain States of the Confederacy, is boldly pubUshed
to the world as just cause for the dissolution of the Union,
and bringing on if necessary for that purpose aU the horrors
of a bloody revolution. It would be an insult to your inteUi
gence to argue that the admission of this pretence as a justi
fication would be clearly fatal to aU repubUcan government;
that popular institutions can only be sustained by submission
to the wiU of the people as expressed through the forras of
the Constitution, tiusting to the peaceful reraedy of the bal
lot-box for the redress of grievances. And the wickedness

642 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA,
of this pretence is greatly aggravated by the reflection that
it is utterly hypocritical, that it was only put forward in fur
therance of scheraes entertained for years, and supported by
notoriously false assumptions of fact and logic.
When we read the history of the late Democratic conven
tion at Charleston by the light of subsequent events, can we
,fail to see that the scheme of secession and dismeraberraent
of the Republic was then corapletely forraed, and that the
disruption of that convention was one of the steps towards
its consummation? If confirmation of this opinion -were
needed, it will be found in the fact that certain tiaitorous
members of Mr. Buchanan's Cabinet were systematicaUy
engaged, for many months before the late Presidential elec
tion, in placing the arms and defences of the Nation in a
position to be readily seized by the seceding States.
Secession was at first argued as a right springing from the
Constitution itself, but as the movement gained stiength, the
flimsy pretext was abandoned, and ceased to be a subject of
discussion, and what in an hour of weakness was claimed
by feeble argument, is now boldly asserted by military power.
The North, conscious of her strength and the rectitude of
her intentions, has hitherto reraained quiet, raaking no pre
parations whatever for a confUct of arms. Her forbearance
has been constiued into cowardice, and her efforts to keep the
peace have but provoked increased insolence and aggression.
The secession moveraent has frora the beginning been an act
of war. Ordinances of secession have been iraraediately
foUowed and soraetiraes preceded by the violent seizure and
plunder of National property, and the forcible expulsion of
the agents and officers of the Federal Government. From
the very first, and at every step in its progress, it has been dis
tinguished by acts of hostUity and outrage, alike injurious to
the Nation and insulting to the people of the loyal States.
The secessionists were profoundly convinced that the co
operation of the Border Slave States could not be procured
without a conflict of arms between them and the Federal
Governraent, and hence have labored assiduously to place the
Governraent in a position that a colUsion could not be avoided,
except by the most abject submission and humUiation. The

GOVERNOR MORTON'S MESSAGE. 643
intention to force a conflict has been most apparent, and delay
was suffered only that they might complete thefr preparations,
and when at last their preparations were complete, and
wearied by the long forbearance of the Government, they
inaugurated hostUities by assaulting and reducing Fort
Sumter. The place where Fort Sumter is situated had been regu-
lariy ceded by the State of South CaroUna to the Federal
Government, and by an express provision of the Constitution
was under the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States.
It was unfinished, and held by a garrison of less than one
hundred men, and whUe in this condition was invested by a
large array, cutting off aU approach to it by land or sea. The
stock of provisions was almost exhausted, and the immediate
prospect was presented to the feeble garrison of starvation
or yielding up into the hands of an avowed enemy a fortiess
of the United States. At this juncture, the Federal Gov
ernraent, which had waited long, perhaps too long, declared
its determination to send provisions to the garrision. Before
this attempt could be made, and before a single sail of the
fleet was seen off the harbor, a powerful cannonade was
opened upon Sumter, which resulted in its destiuction and
surrender. Every day brings us inteUigence of new outiage and assault
Throughout the rebellious States is heard the note of prepa
ration for an extensive and aggressive campaign. The National
capital is menaced, and every avenue of approach for Fed
eral troops and provisions is attempted to be cut off. The
free navigation of the Mississippi river, the great artery of
commerce of the Northwest, is obstiucted; and the usurping
government of the rebeUious States has issued a proclama
tion inviting the freebooters of aU the worid to prey upon our
National commerce.
We have passed from the field of argument to the solemn
fact of war, which exists by the act of the seceding States.
The issue is forced upon us, and must be accepted. Every
man must take his position upon the one side or upon the
other. In time of war there is no ground upon which a third
party can stand. It is the imperative duty of aU men to

644 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
raUy to the support of the Governraent, and to expend in its
behalf, if need be, thefr fortunes and thefr blood. Upon the
preservation of this Governraent depends our prosperity and
greatness as a nation ; our liberty and happiness as individ
uals. We should approach the contest not as poUticians, nor
as arabitious partizans, but as patriots, who cast aside every
selfish consideration when danger threatens their countiy.
The voice of party should be hushed, and the bitterness that
may have sprung out of political contests be at once forgiven
and forgotten. Let us rise above these paltry considerations,
and inaugurate the era when there shaU be but one party,
and that for our country. The struggle is one into which we
enter with the deepest reluctance. We are bound to the
people of the seceding States by the dearest ties of blood
and institutions. They are our brothers and our feUow coun
tiymen. But if they regard not these tender relations, how
can we? If they wage war upon us and put theraselves in
the attitude of public enemies, they must assume aU the
responsibiUties incident to that position. But whUe I deplore
deeply the character of the contest in which we are engaged,
nevertheless we should meet it as raen.
To our sister State of Kentucky we turn with hope and
affection. She has grown rich and prosperous in the Repub
lic; could she do raore if she were out of it? It would be a
sad day that would sever the bond which binds these States
together, and place us in separate and hostUe nations. I
appeal to her by the ties of common kindred and history; by
our community of interest; by the sacred obligations that
bind us to maintain the Constitution inviolate, to adhere to
the Union, and stand fast by that flag in defence of which
she has so often shed her best blood. I pray her to examine
her past history and perceive how the tide of her prosperity
has flowed on unbroken, and ever increasing, until her liraits
are fiUed with raaterial wealth, and her people are respected,
elevated and happy; and then inquire if aU this is not the
result of that Union she is caUed upon to break, and of that
government she is invited to dishonor and overthrow. To
ask Kentucky to secede is to ask her to comrait foul dishonor
and suicide. I tiust that the good sense and patiiotism of

GOVERNOR MORTON'S MESSAGE. 645
her people will not suffer her to be dragged by the current of
events, wMch has been cunningly invented for that purpose,
into the vortex of disunion, nor permit her to be artfuUy in
veigled into an armed neutraUty between the rebelUous States
and the Federal Government. Such a position would be
anomalous and fatal to the peace and perpetiiity of the Union,
There is no ground in the Constitution midway between a
rebeUious State and the Federal Government upon which she
can stand, holding both in check, and restraining the Govern
ment from the enforcement of the laws and the exercise of
its constituted authority. Such an attitude is at once uncon
stitutional and hostile. At a time like this, if she is not for
the Government, aiding and raaintaming it by the observance
of all her constitutional obligations, she is against it. If the
voice of her people can be heard, I fear not the result. Seces
sion can only triumph, as it has tiiuraphed in other States,
by stifling the voice of the people and by the bold usurpation,
by demagogues and tiaitors, of the powers which rightfuUy
belong to thera alone. And I raight here reraark, it is quite
manifest that the schemes of the authors and managers of
the rebeUion extend far beyond the dissolution of the Union,
and embrace the destruction of the deraocratic principle of
government, and the substitution of an aristocracy in its
stead. In the seceding States the control of pubUc affafrs
has been withdrawn substantially from the people, and every
proposition to submit to thefr consideration, measures of the
most vital importance, has been conteraptuously overruled ;
and we are in truth caUed upon to fight not only for the Union,
but for the principles upon which our State and National
Governments are founded, _ _
If the rebelUous States hope to profit by dissension in the
North, they have erred egregiously, and have wholly failed to
comprehend our people. Our divisions were merely political,
and not fundamental; and party Unes faded instantly from
sight when the intelligence went abroad that war was being
wLed against the nation. When the sound of the first gun
^vfrberaid through the land, the people of the North arose
as one man, and dtclared that the Governmen must be sus-
teini, and the honor of our flag preserved mviolate at what-

646 THE SOLDIER OP INDIANA.
ever cost The events of the last ten days are pregnant -with
i nstruction and moral grandeur. They present the action of a
people who have suffered much and waited long; who were
slow to take offence and incredulous of tieason and danger ;
but who, when the dread appeal to arras was made, and the
issue could no longer be avoided with honor or safety, promptly
abandoned the peaceful pursuits of life, and devoted them
selves to the service of their country. I trust that the force
of this lesson raay not be lost upon our erring brethren of the
South, and that they will at once perceive they have inaugu
rated a contest frora which they cannot eraerge -with honor
and profit.
On the 15th day of the present month, the President of the
United States issued his proclaraation caUing upon the loyal
States to furnish 75,000 men for the protection of the Gov
ernment, the suppression of rebeUion and the enforcement .
of the laws. Subsequently the quota to be furnished by
Indiana was fixed at six regiments, of seven hundred and
seventy raen each. In obedience to this caU, I issued my
proclamation, calUng for volunteers, and in less than eight
days more than twelve thousand men have tendered their ser
vices, and the contest among the companies has been earnest
and exciting as to which shall secure a place within the quota.
This response has been most gratifying and extraordinary,
and furmshes indubitable evidence of the patiiotism of In
diana, and her entfre devotion to the Union. Without dis
tinction of party, conditon or occupation, men have ralUed
around the National standard, and in every part of the State
may be heard the sound of martial music, and witnessed the
mustering of companies into the field. In view of this re
markable response made to the proclamation on the 20th
instant, I tendered to the President for the service of the
United States six additional regiments ; but telegraphic and
postal coramunication having been cut off with Washington,
no answer has been received up to this tirae. A carap was
formed in the neighborhood of this city for the reception of
the tioops, and Major Wood, of the United States array, has
been busily engaged for several days in mustermg them into
the service. There are in camp  companies, bemg an

GOVERNOR MORTON'S MESSAGE. 647
ex(jess of the number caUed for by the President, and in addi
tion to that, every company largely exceeds, and in some
instances more than doubles the number that can be finaUy
received into the company. Some companies came by mis
takes unavoidably occurring in the office of the Adjutant
General, and others without marching orders. They will be
retained in camp, and provided with quarters and subsistence,
awaiting the action of the Legislature. I cannot refrain from
here expressing the opinion that has been uttered by many
who have visited the camp, that finer material for a gallant
array was never assembled.
The report of the Adjutant General, Lewis WaUace, is
herewith tiansmitted, and I beg leave in this manner to ten
der him my hearty thanks for his able and efficient services
in that department.
In view of aU the facts, it becomes the imperative duty of
Indiana to make suitable preparations for the contest by pro
viding ample supplies of men and money to ensure the pro
tection of the State and General Government in the prose
cution of the war to a speedy and successful termination. I
therefore recommend that one miUion of dollars be appropri
ated for the purchase of arms and munition of war, and for
the organization of such portion of the MUitia as may be
deemed necessary for the emergency. That a mUitia system
be devised and enacted, looking chiefly to volunteers, which
shall insure the greatest protection to the State, and unity
and efficiency of the force to be employed That a law be
enacted defining and punishing tieason against the State.
That a law be enacted suspending the coUection of debts
a-ainst those who may be actually employed in the military
service of the State or the United States. That suitable pro
vision be made by the issue of the bonds of the State or
otherwise for raismg the money herein recommended to be
appropriated. And that aU necessary and proper legislation
be had to protect the busmess, property and citizens of the
State, under tiie circumstances in wMch they are placed.
^^^^^ 0> P. Morton, Governor.

THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
On the 26th day of April, 1861, the foUowing resolutions*
were unanimously adopted by the House of Representatives :
" Whereas, Treason, as defined by the Constitution of the
United States, prevails to an alarming extent in several of
the States of the Union;
"And whereas. In view of this fact, it has becorae the duty
of the President of the United States to call upon the mUi
tary power of the country to quell the insurrectionary and
rebeUious proceedings in the said States, and to enforce the
laws and preserve the Union from disruption ; therefore,
" 1. Be it resolved by the General Assembly of the State of
Indiana, That to suppress such insurrections, to enforce the
laws of the General Governraent, and restore peace and good
order to the country, the entire resources of the State are
hereby tendered.
"2. Resolved, That we call upon all good citizens, irre
spective of party, to rally in solid phalanx to the rescue of
their common countiy, pledging their lives, their fortunes and
their sacred honors to redeem it from the danger in which it
has been placed by the hands of traitors.
"3. Resolved, That in our neighbors of Kentucky and
other border States, whose loyalty to the Union has been and
is unshaken, we have the utmost confidence, and assure them
of our faith in their patriotism.
"4. Resolved, That the Governor be requested to transmit
a copy of these resolutions forthwith to the President of the
United States and to the Governors of all the States,"
On the 6th day of May, 1861, the General Assembly passed
an act appropriating the sura of one hundred thousand dol
lars ($100,000,) to the Governor's contingent fund for the
purpose of paying the expenses of calling out and sustaining
the militia under the requisition of the President of the
United States.
On the 9th day of the same month an act was passed en
titled "An act to define certain felonies, and to provide for
the punishment of persons guUty thereof." By this act it
was provided that any person or persons, belonging to or
residing within this State, or under the protection of its laws,
who shall take or accept a commission or comraissions from.

PUNISHMENT FOR ABETTING TREASON.
any person or persons. State or States, or other eneraies of
this State or of the United States, for the purpose of joining
or conimanding any array or band of men hostile to or in
rebeUion against this State or the United States, or who shaU
knowingly and wilfuUy aid or assist any enemies in open war
or persons in rebelUon against this State or the United States
by joining their armies or by enlisting or procuring or per
suading others to enlist for that purpose, or by furnishing such
enemies or persons in rebeUion with arms or aramunition or
provisions, or any other articles for thefr aid or comfort, or
by shipping, sending or carrying to such enemies or rebels, or
theiir agents, any arms, ammunition or provisions or other
articles for thefr aid or comfort, or by carrying on any tiaitor
ous correspondence with them, or shaU form or be in anywise
concerned in forming any combination or plot or conspfracy
for betraying this State or the United States, or the armed
forces of either, into the hands or power of any foreign enemy,
or of any organized or pretended governraent engaged in
resisting the laws or authority of the Governraent of the
United States of Araerica, or shaU give or send any inteUi
gence to any such eneraies or pretended government, or their
forces, for that purpose, every person so offendmg shaU, upon
.conviction thereof, be imprisoned in the State Prison for a
term not less than two nor raore than twenty-one years, and
be fined a sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars.
By the second section of the same act it is provided that
every person who shall within this State build, constiuct,
alter, fit out, or aid or assist in buUding, constiucting or fitting
out any vessel or boat for the purpose of making war or pri
vateering or other purpose, to be used in the service of any
person or parties whatsoever, to make war on the United
States of America, or to resist by force the execution of the
United States, or for the purpose of privateering underthe
authority of any organized or pretended government shaU,
noon conviction thereof, be imprisoned in the State Prison
for a term not less than two nor more than twenty-one years,
^nd be fined in a sum not exceeding ten thousand doUars.
On the 11th day of May, 1861, the General Assembly
passed an act entitled "An act for the organization and reg-

650 THE SOLDIER OF INDIANA.
ulation of the Indiana mUitia, prescribing penalties for viola
tions of said regulations, providing for the election and
appointment of officers, defining the duties of militaiy and
civil officers, and penalties for the neglect or violation thereof,
providing for courts martial, councils of administiation,
making appropriations for the support of said militia, repeal
ing all laws heretofore enacted on that subject, saving certain
acts therein named, and declaring an eraergency for the imme
diate taking effect thereof."
The Legislature also passed an act assuming a loan made
by the Governor, Auditor, Treasurer, and Secretary of State
of twenty-five thousand doUars, borrowed from the Indian
apolis Branch of the State Bank of Indiana, upon the private
credit of the said officers of State for the use of the State,
to enable the Governor to comply with the requisition for
tioops made by the President of the Umted States, as before
stated. Another act was passed authorizing a loan of two miUions
of dollars, and the issuing of bonds therefor, to furnish the
means for repelling invasion, and providing for the pubUe
defence. It was also provided by an act of the Legislature, approved
May lltb, 1861, that the Boards of Comraissioners of the
several counties of the State, and the incorporated cities and
towns of the State, should be authorized to appropriate out
of their respective county, city or town treasuries such sums
of money as they may deem proper for the protection and
maintenance of the famiUes of volunteers in the army of the
United States and of the State of Indiana during the con
tinuance of such armies, and to make such appropriations for
the purchase of arms and equipments, for the raising and
maintaining of mUitary companies within their respective
jurisdictions, either for home defence or for the service of this
State or the Umted States, and such other necessary expen
ditures for the defence of their respective counties, cities and
towns as the exigencies of the times may in their judgment
demand, and authorizing the municipal authorities of said
counties, cities and towns to make such regulations as they
might think right and proper in the disbursement of said

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY ADJOURNS. 651
appropriations. The same act also legaUzed aU appropria
tions heretofore made by countifes, cities and towns for the
same purpose, and authorized the county, town and city
authorities to levy a special tax each year upon aU taxable
property witliin thefr respective jurisdictions for the purpose
of paying appropriations made or to be made in pursuance
of the act.
Acts were also passed to render efficient the Quartermas
ters' and Commissary departments of the State, to define the
crime of tieason, and the crime of concealment of tieason,
and the punishment therefor, and to provide for the employ
ment of six regiments of volunteers for the protection of the
property and citizens of the State, and also to provide for the
appointraent of a Paymaster, defining his duties and fixing
his compensation.
A joint resolution was also passed requesting the Governor
to send five thousand stand of arms, teraporarUy, to the sev
eral counties bordering on the Ohio river, to be distributed
in the manner therem designated.
The General Assembly, after a harmonious session of forty
days, during which aU the measures supposed to be deraanded
by the exigencies of the tiraes were passed, adjourned sine die
on the 2d day of June, 1861.

iisr r> EX .

A.

Abbett, Major Augustus H. — His gal
lantry, 603.
Abercrombio, General, 435.
Abolitionist — ^An effective nlfekname,
854 ; rebel soldiers' hatred of, 248.
Abolitionism in West Virginia, 21 ;
southern hatred of, 248.
Adams, John — His devotion, 619.
Adams' cavalry, 412.
Alabama, troops at HuntsviUe, 118.
Alcibiades, in the Army of the Po
tomac, 515.
Aldie, 449 ; Third cavalry at, 472.
Alexander, Colonel Jesse J., 140 ; his
early military history, 346 ; his po
sition in civil life, 346.
Alexander, Colonel Washington, 187.
Alexandria, embarkation at, 514.
Algiers, Twenty-First at, 552.
Alleghanies, Lee'a encampment on, 75;
Milroy's scouts among, 94.
Alleghany, battle of, 97 ; losses at, 98.
Allen, Hon. Cyrus M., 186 ; his resig
nation and re-election, 640.
Ammon, Colonel, 379.
Ammon's brigade, 370; its position
at Shiloh, 373.
Anderson, General Robert, demands
reinforcements, 160 ; in Louisville,
221.
Anderson, Larz, 102.
Anderson, camp, 137.
Anderson, General, his night at Shi
loh, 372..
Annals of the Cumberland, 226.
Annual Cyclopoedia, quotation from,
141 j quoted again, 226.
Anthony, Colonel DeWitt C, 140.
Arkansas, gunboat, 665. (653)

Arkansas, in Fremont's plan, 178;
troops at Pea Ridge, 201 : Governor
of, 345.
Arms, of the first volunteers, 142 ;
Governor Jlortou's efforts to obtain,
14; distributed in 1861, 141; bought
by the State, 142; of the First cav
alry, 161; of the Tenth infantry,
260; of the Thirty-Ninth, 229; of
the Twenty-Ninth, 230; of the
Twenty-First, 544 ; of the Missis
sippians at Fort Donelson, 313.
Armstrong, preacher, 3.
Army of the Mississippi, moves, 346 ;
lands, 346 ; its size, 346 ; moves to
Now Madrid, 346 ; on the Tennes
see, 394 ; its position, 305 ; forms
part of HaUeck's army, 394.
Army of the Ohio, divisions of, 329 ;
ordered to move, 329 ; its march
through Kentucky, 330 ; its stay in
Nashville, 342, 355 ; its march
through Tennessee, 355 ; its arrival
at Shiloh, 373; in line of battle,
373 ; in ihe battle of Shiloh, 377 ;
on the Tennessee, 394 ; reorgan
ized, 394 ; its position, 395 ; its long
march, 695; leaves Corinth, 597;
its treatment at HuntsviUe, 597 ; its
activity, 599 ; on the march through
Kentucky, 603; arrival at Louis
ville, 604; desertions from, 605;
reorganized, 614; renews its march,
614; in battle at PerryviUe, 615;
on the chase again, 626 ; makes a
great effort at Crab Orchard, 625 ;
gives up, 626 ; marches to Nash
viUe, 626.
Army of the Potomac, its employment,
501; its condition in July, 1861,
508 ; its employment, 509 ; its first

654

INDEX.

review, 509 ; its place in public es
timation, 509; its growth, 510; its
maximum, 510; its inactivity, 510;
its inactivity twice broken, 510;
stir in, 512; marches to Manassas
Junction, 513; is at Alexandria,
514; embarks, 514; at Hampton,
515; before Yorktown, 516 ; its la
bors before Yorktown, 616; its
work done, 517 ; its condition on
the close of siege, 517 ; in battle of
Williamsburg, 518 ; its march to
the Chiokahominy, 518; resumes
its work, 518; its position last of
May, 518; its labors, 521; its suf
ferings, 521 ; its sick, 621 ; its fur-
loughed men, 521; its number fit
for duty, 501 ; its patience, 522 ; its
love for McClellan, 522 ; its posi
tion, 522 ; its danger, 523 ; begins
the seven days' battle, 525 ; is en
gaged from one end to the other,
528; its spirit, 580; its position
and condition, 532 ; is concentrated
near Savage's station, 632 ; is in
motion, 633 ; its anxiety, 533 ; its
sadness, 634; destruction in, 534 ;
on Malvern Hill, 538; in battle,
639 ; its indignation, 689 ; its march
to Harrison's Bar, 540; is forced to
leave its dead, 640 ; its losses^ 640;
its isolation, 541 ; is superior to the
Greek army, 641 ; receives rein
forcements, 542 ; is offended, 669 ;
joins General Pope, 586.
Army of the Southwest, in four di
visions, 197; pursues Price, 198;
without rations, 198; enters Ar
kansas, 198 ; at Sugar Creek, 199 ;
exhausted, 199 ; in the Cross Hol
lows, 199 ; number of, 199 ; concen
trates on Sugar Creek, 200 ; in bat
tle of Pea Ridge, 201 ; its sufferings
in Arkansas, 207 ; its march to Sul
phur Rock, 208; its condition at
Sulphur Rock, 208.
Army of the Tennessee, 394.
Army of Virginia, its formation 569 ;
its size, 571 ; Indiana troops in, 671 ;
its position in July, 573 ; in battle
of Slaughter mountain, 574 ; on the
Rapidan, 676 ; its retreat 586 ; its
activity, 585 ; mixed up with tho
enemy, 587 ; its condition, 587 ; its
fights, 687; its defeat, 690; its
losses at Bull Run, 592.
Arn, Major Frederick, in siege of
Donelson, 305 ; in assault, 307 ; at
Shiloh, 363 ; his last words, 382.

Arsenal, Indiana, its establishment,
142; its eflScioncy, 142.
Arsenal, in Baton Rouge, 148.
Arsenal, in St. Louis, 148.
Arsenal, at Harper's Ferry, 143.
.4?-fc'Mc!-y, orders in regard to, 140; or
ganization of batteries of, 140, 141;
in Fremont's army, 178.
Ashby, Colonel, guards Jackson's
rear, 448 ; follows Banks, 450 ; at
-Winchester Heights, 461 ; his ap
pearance, 451 ; covers Confederate
rear, 454 ; gains Banks' front, 459 ;
his failure, 459 ; is killed, 462.
Ashby's Gap, I'hird cavalry in, 472.
Asboth, in Fremont's army, 170; at
Springfield, 183 ; at St. Louis, 190.
Atkisson, Lieutenant-Colonel Horace
N., at Edgefield Junction, 602.
Auton, John, his daring and death,
49.
Avis, Captain, examines spy, 579.

B.

Bachman, Lieutenant-Colonel Alois
0., at Gainesville, 687.
Bacon Creek, Johnson's brigade at,
234; McCook's division advanced
to, 328 ; Mitchell's division on, 329.
Bailey, Isaac, distinguished at Chap
Un HiUs, 617.
Baker, E., a scout, 66 ; at Patterson's
creek, 67.
Baker, Colonel Conrad, his politics,
159 ; his patriotism, 169 ; his inter
view with Governor Morton, 159,
160; his acceptance of Morton's
proposition, 160; his success in re
cruiting, 160; his economy, 160;
his departure from Evansville, 160 ;
his reception in St. Louis, 161 ; his
ingenuity, 101; his promptness,
165 ; his departure from St. Louis,
166; in affair at Fredericktown,
186, 187 ; his opposition to liquor,
187 ; his affection for Colonel Alex
ander, 187 ; his arrest, 188 ; his oc
cupation of a pie-woman's cabin,
188.
Baldwin, Colonel P. P., in advance,
229 ; is promoted, 599.
Ballad, extract from, 292.
BalVs Bluff, 510.
Baltimore, massacre in, 16 ; Twentieth
in, 486 ; churches in, 545.
Baltimore & Ohio railroad, scenery
of, 68, 64.
Bank, Indianapolis branch, 13.

INDEX.

655

Banks, General, 435 ; advances, 448 ;
at Winchester, 449; leaves Win
chester, 452 ; gives a captured gun
to the Fourteenth, 454 ; pursues
Jackson, 454 ; at Harrisonburg,
455 ; diminishes his force, 456 ; re
treats, 458; gains the Potomac,
460 ; his losses, 460 ; moved from
the Valley, 571 ; on Slaughter
Mountain, 574 ; on tho Rappahan
nock, 685 ; covers the left, 589 ;
falls back to Washington, 592.
Banner, Union, its new meaning, 11 ;
at Rich Mountain, 55 ; presentation
to Eleventh, 09 ; forgotten, 94 ; in
assault on Donelson, 308; on the
capitol at Nashville, 339 ; of calico,
344 ; of the Forty-Fourth at Shiloh,
366 ; in Memphis, 420 ; given to
Twenty-Fourth, 421 ; cut to pieces,
474 ; in battle of Richmond, 012 ;
at PerryviUe, 619.
Bardstown, 259 ; Tenth at, 259 ; For
ty-Ninth at, 269 ; Forty-Seventh at,
263 ; camp of instruction at, 269 ;
its reception of the Thirty-Fifth,
272.
Barnett, M. R., 323.
Barnett's artiUery, at Carrick's Ford,
56.
Barton, camp, its situation, 91 ; at
tacked, 92 ; losses in attack on, 94.
Bass, Colonel Sion S., 137 ; his busi
ness, 230 ; his character, 230 ; at
ShUoh, 3S1.
Bassett, Lieutenant Edward, in com
mand of Rangers at Elkwater, 77.
Bassett, Harvey, describes evening in
camp, 485 ; his impression of Bal
timore, 485 ; his discouragement,
501 ; on the Congress, 503 ; on es
caping slaves, 505 ; is wounded and
captured, 526 ; his death, 526.
Bachelor, Henry T, 565.
Bates, Miss Bettie, 254; letters by,
259.
BatesvUle, occupied by Curtis, 208.
Baton Rouge, Twenty-First at, 5o8;
its situation, 560; Union forces at,
500; Rebel forces at, 569; battle
of, 561 ; casualties of, 564.
Battle Creek, troops at, 412.
Bayard, Chevalier, unlike Beaure
gard, 354. '
Bayard, General, joins Fremont, 462 ;
hastens after Jackson, 462; on the
Rapidan, 573. _
Bayou Teche, battle m, 568.
Bayou Lafourche, engagement on, 567.

Beauregard, General, his command,
346 ; falls back from Columbus to
Island No. 10, 346; at Corinth,
352; his character, 358; his ap
pearance, 854; recommends the
word abolitionist, 354 ; his in
struction to his troops, 360; his
haste, 360 ; his difficulties, 360 ; his
army near Grant's, 360; his line
of battle, 360; he makes attack,
361 ; meets little opposition, 361 ;
is still successful, 362; his dispatch
to Richmond, 371 ; confusion in his
army, 376 ; his exertions to restore
order, 372 ; his night on the field,
373 ; his line of battle on the 7th,
375; driven, 382; extracts from
his report, 387; his epitaph, 388;
leaves Corinth, 399 ; at Tuscumbia,
400; at Baldwin, 400; at Tupelo,
400 ; his army at^ Richmond, 523.
Behr, Captain Frederick, 141 ; is
killed, 361.
Benham, Captain, reconnoitres Lau
rel HiU, 51 ; pursues rebels, 52 ; at
Carrick's Ford, 56.
Bense, Captain, a prisoner, 130; his
stratagem, 133.
Benton, Brigadier General William
P., his education, profession and
character, 28 ; is re-appointed, 137 ;
at Pea Ridge, 204 ; his promotion,
208.
BentonvUle, 199.
Beverly, taken by Confederates, 22 ;
occupied by Confederates, 36; oc
cupied by McCleUan, 75.
Bierce, daring of, 49.
Big Creek Gap, 425.
Big Spring, night at, 100 ; source of
Cheat river, 105; Fletcher at, 111.
Bird, Captain, captures scouts, 109;
his orders, 112.
Birds, dead, 603.
Bison, Mrs., her journey, 500.
Black, Major James B., represents his
regiment, 209.
Blackwater, surrender of Rebels on,
194.
Black, Attorney General, declaration
Blake, Colonel John W., his promo
tion, 395. .
Blake, Colonel WiUiam II., his pro
motion, 599.
Blenker's division, its condition,
497.
Bloomesry Oap, 448.
Blue's Gap, 446.

656

INDEX.

Bobbs, Doctor, 319.
Boernstein, 150.
Boothroyd, his daring, 49.
Boring, Sergeant, 233.
Boston Mountains, Price retreats to,
199.
Bough, Captain William, goes to Terre
Bonne, 554 ; captures cannon, 557.
Bourbon, 354.
Bowles, Colonel, at Buena Vista, 62 ;
on dress parade, 70.
Bowen, General, 372.
Bowling Green, its situation, 222; is
fortified, 223 ; centre of Rebel
operations, 278; is evacuated, 331 ;
its condition on Mitchell's arrival,
332.
Eoyington, John A., is commended,
565.
Bracken Rangers, their services offer
ed, 75 ; refused, 76 ; accepted, 76 ;
journey to Beverly, 77 ; duties, 99 ;
party of attacked by guerillas, 80 ;
in battle of Alleghany, 97 ; mode
of life, 99 ; march to HuntsviUe,
100; winter quarters, 101; put in
First Cavalry, 434.
Braden, Captain David, his capture,
343 ; his escape, 343.
Brakeman, Rev. Nelson L., his atten
tion to duty, 664.
Brashear, raid to, 552; its situation,
652 ; Twenty-First encamped at,
528.
Brazier, T., scouting, 65, 06 ; at Pat
terson's Creek, 67, 68.
Briokett, Lieutenant Henry L., at
Shiloh, 365.
Bridgland, Colonel John A., au
thority conferred on, 138 ; his po
sition in civil life, 267; resigns,
395.
Bridgeport, surprised, 411,
Brigunier, Daniel on pickett, 89.
Britz, his boldness and death, 85,
Brooks, T. J., liberality of 12.
Brooks, Captain, reconnoissance of, 84
Brown, John, enterprise of, 7 ; execu
tion of, 7 ; spirit of, 8 ; his last
look, 442.
Brown, Lieutenant James H., his bat
tery, 669 ; at Baton Rouge, 563.
Brown, William S., authorized to
raise a regiment, 135 ; character of,
483 ; his visitors, 484 ; his resolu
tion, 484; reconnoitres landing,
487 ; sends for help, 488 ; retreats,
488 ; in fight with Merrimao, 503 ;
in battle of the Orchards, 526 ; in

battle of Glendale, 536 ; at Bull
Run, 589.
Brown, Sylvester, his coolness, 49.
Bryant, Captain James H., in battle
of Chaplin Hill, 621.
Buekner, Simon B., his position, char
acter and labors, 218 ; visits Wash
ington, 218; advances from Ten
nessee, 222 ; takes Bowling Green,
222; moves towards Louisville, 222;
is disappointed, 223 ; retires, and
fortifies Bowling Green, 223 ; in
Fort Donelson, 295 ; his duty in in
tended assault, 302 ; fails to do his
part, 306; objects to Floyd's pro
posal, 309 ; assumes command, 310;
surrenders, 310; reproves Grant,
310; reproves Grant again, 313; is
abashed, 314 ; in battle of Chaplin
HiUs, 667.
Buchanan, President, declaration of,
628.
Buckhannon, its situation,' 44; army
at, 45.
Buena Vista, motto of the Eleventh,
61; battle of, 62; at Patterson's
creek, 66 ; at Shiloh, 379.
Buf&ngton, George, his invention, 276.
BueU, General Don Carlos, birth of,
225 ; home of, 225 ; education of,
225 ; assigned to Department of the
Ohio, 225 ; compliments Thirty-
Second Indiana, 238 ; organizes an
immense army, 278; ready to move,
329 ; determines to besiege Bowling
Green, 329 ; gives out orders, 329 ;
confers with Mayor of Nashville,
339; reassures citizens, 339 ; gives
strict orders to soldiers, 339 ; de
taches several small forces, 355 ;
moves with main army south, 355 ;
his march, 356 ; hears the battle of
Shiloh, 357 ; hastens on, 357 ; his
arrival unknown, 372 ; at Shiloh,
373 ; feelings of soldiers for, 396 ;
refuses Morton's request, 428; his
long march, 595; leaves Corinth,
696; his forbearance, 696; at Hunts
viUe, 697 ; modifies his policy, 599 ;
moves towards the north, 601;
troops dissatisfied with, 606; leaves
Louisville, 614 ; his orders to Mc
Cook, 614; knows nothing of the
battle, 618; pursues again, 625.
BueU, Colonel George P., is promo
ted, 599.
BuUard, Dr. Talbut, his hospital pre
pared, 321 ; his patriotism, 321 ; his
charity, 321.

INDEX.

657

Bull Run, first battle of, Indiana no
share in, 70 ; its effect on Missouri,
152.
Bull Run, second battle, Pope's po
sition in, 590 ; movements of 590 ;
losses of 592.
Bull's Mills, Army of the South
west at, 208.
Bunker Bill, 442 ; Patterson at, 443 ;
Banks at, 448.
Burkett, G., scouting 65 ; at Patter-
sou's Creek, 69.
Burnside Expedition, ships from, 49.
Bush, Captain Asahil R., 141 ; in
camp of instruction, 272.
Bush's Battery. See Fourth Battery.
Butler, General Benjamin P., his ill
humor, 549 ; speaks to an Indiana
offiioer, 549 ; his entrance into New
Orleans, 551 ; his trial of Dr.
White, 563 ; his verdict on Houma,
556; compliments the Twenty-
First, 565; Pollard's opinion of
566. a
Cabins for winter quarters, 95.
Cairo, force at, 153.
Calhoun, troops at, 263.
Calloway Ferry, reconnoissance to
285.
Cameron, General, visits Fremont,
176; visits Sherman, 224; reports,
225.
Cameron, Brigadier General Robert
A., at Osceola, 415.
Campbell, Captain John T., his cool
ness, 563.
Carondelet, its rudder chains cut, 301 ;
runs batteries, 301.
Carlin, Colonel, at Fredericktown,
186.
Carpenter, Coon, 39.
Carr, General, in Curtis' army, 197;
at Pea Ridge, 200.
Carr, Colonel H. M., 140; m three
months' campaign, 271 ; commands
brigade, 335 ; resigns, 599.
Carrick's Ford, fight at, 56.
Carrington, Dr., his capture, 58.
Carroll, Colonel, marches to Port Re
public, 461 ; loses an opportunity,
464; is joined by Tyler, 465.
Carrolton, Twenty-First at, 565.
Carter, General, 427. ^ „ ,,
Carter, Colonel Scott, 160; at North
Madison, 438; joins McDowell, 472.

Carter, Colonel, feels HaU Columbia,
282.
Casey, General, at Fair Oaks, 519 ;
guards raUroad, 522; destroys
railroad, 532.
Cass county, liberality of, 13.
Cassville, Army of the Southwest at,
208.
Cavalry, unacceptable to War Depart
ment, 136 ; first regiment of, 136 ;
second and third regiments of, 138.
Cavender's artiUery, in siege of Don
elson, 30S; at Shiloh, 366.
Cedar Mountain, see Slaughter moun
tain.
Cedar Run, 441.
Chain-gang, 4.
Chalmers, General, at MumfordsviUe,
603.
Chalmette, reconnoissance to, 557.
Chantilly, engagement at, 592.
Chaplin Hills, battle of, 615; forces
engaged, 620 ; losses in, 620.
Chapman, Brigadier General George
H., 439 ; checks contraband inter
course, 439 ; is commended, 440 ;
in reconnoissance to Anderson's
Turn out, 573.
Charleston and Memphis railroad,
Confederate line of defence on, 352 ;
its importance, 401 ; Mitchell on,
403.
Charlestown, in Virginia, 442 ; Banks
at, 448.
Charlottesville, prisoners in, 475.
Chattanooga, its position, 401 ; is can
nonaded, 412.
Cheat Mountains, fortified by Union
army, 76; summit, 76, 77; pass,
78, 79; guerillas on^ 79; climbed
by Lee's army, 22; engagements
in, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87 ; loss in
skirmishes, 88; burial on, 88;
storms on, 88 ; pickets, 89 ; cli
mate, 79, 91 ; suffering on, 91 ;
cabins, 95; in October, 87;
Cheat River, source of, 105; course
of' '^5. . . J
Cheatham, General, 355 ; is wounded,
372
Chesapeake Bay, its harbor 499.
Cheyne, Harry, his death, 80.
Chicago Light Artillery, 294.
Christopher, Major, 83.
Cincinnati, gunboat,before Fort Henry,
287 ; in the attack, 288.
Clark, Leonard, 47; in service of
Reynolds, 102; scouting, 105; his
dress, 106 ; his capture, 109 ; in-

658

INDEX.

suited, 112; separated from his
comrade, 114; his character, 121;
his removal, 125.
Clark River, 284.
Clark's battery, at -Winchester
Heights, 452.
Clark, General, is wounded, 372.
Clark, Fort, its situation, 385; its
danger, 493.
Clarksburg, fortified, 45.
Glarksville, 337; its submission, 338.
Cliff, Dr. 282.
Clinton, 193.
Clothing, lost among the mountains,
90.
Cluseret, Colonel, 456 ; engages Jack
son's rear, 462.
Coburn, Brigadier General John, 137;
hastens to relieve Colonel Garrard,
244; returnsfrom Rockcastle Hills,
244 ; leads his regiment to Wild
Cat, 244 ; in battle of Wild Cat,
245 ; talk of soldiers about, 247,
248 ; on the retreat, 252 ; his pity,
253; his illness, 253.
Coburn, Mrs., her kindness to the
sick, 253.
Cochran, Captain George T., 141 ; in
camp, 272; arrives at Nashville,
341.
Cochran's battery, see Eighth battery.
Cockeysville, 484.
Cockrell, his plantation, 213 ; in
prison, 213.
Colfax, Hon. Schuyler, his remem
brance of prisoners, 498.
Colgrove, Brevet Brigadier General
Silas, his position in civil life, 437.
Columbia, Tennessee, 356.
Columbia, South Carolina, prisoners
in, 496 ; prisoners' rations in, 498.
Columbus, its capture and its position,
228; forms Confederate left in
Kentucky, 278; is taken by Illi
nois scouts, 344.
Committee on Federal Relations, ma
jority report, 630; minorityreport,
632 ; vote on its report, 633 ; dis
cussion of report, 633.
Conestoga, 284; at Fort Henry, 287;
up to Florence, 292 ; at Fort Don
elson, 301.
Conger, Captain, 455.
Congress, call of for troops, 136.
Congress, in fight with Merrimac, 502;
is destroyed, 503.
Congress, surgeon of, on Twentieth
Indiana, 503.

Confederate authorities and colonial
representatives, 147.
Confederacy, its interest in Missouri,
146 ; effects of defeat upon, 345 ;
its losses, 344; starts measures
which lead to a stringent conscrip
tion act, 345 ; takes offence, 570;
abandons the defensive policy, and
determines to make a general ad
vance, 272.
Connelly, James, in PerryviUe, 617.
ConneUy, Lieutenant-Colonel James
¦W., captured, 558.
Conrad's 3Iills, Fletcher at, 107.
Conrad's Store, Seventh Indiana at,
454.
Constitution, its voyage to Ship Island,
548.
Cook, Colonel, in assault on north
west angle of Fort Donelson, 308.
Cook, Sergeant, 559.
Coombs, General Leslie, at camp
Dick Robinson, 242.
Cooper, Captain Elder, at War Trace,
406.
Corcoran, Colonel, in Columbia, 496.
Corinth, Confederate forces concen
trated in and around, 452; its
situation, 353 ; its vicinity, 353 ;
its fortifications, 353 ; is approach
ed by National army, 399 ; is
abandoned by Confederates, 399 ;
is entered by Union army, 400 ;
Mitchell's guns heard at, 403.
Cornwallis, Lord, 516.
Cotton, gunboat annoys Union force
and is destroyed, 567.
Cotton, shipped from Memphis, 419.
Couch, General, at Fair Oaks, 519;
in the siege of Richmond, 522.
Council of War held in Dover, 302 ;
in Fort Donelson, 308 ; on the St.
Louis, 303 ; in Richmond, 526 ; in
an arbor, 530.
Cox, Captain Clayton, captured 558.
Cox, Captain Jerome B., 141.
Cox's Battery, see Tenth Battery.
Crab Orchard, 243; Thirty-Third
near, 244; almost a battle in, 625.
Craighead Point, troops located at,
414.
Crawford's Brigade, 514.
Crittenden, General Thomas T., birth,
24; education, 24; early profes
sional career, 24 ; in Mexican war,
24; appearance, 25; in attack on
Philippi, 31 ; re-enters service,
136; hastens to Kentucky, 227; is
welcomed in Louisville, 227 ; con-

INDEX.

659

tinued in command, 229 ; is pro
moted, 599 ; is captured, 601.
Crittenden, General Thomas L., at
Shiloh, 373; beloved, 403; com
mands a corps, 614.
Crittenden, General George B., takes
command at Mill Spring, 279;
meets Thomas, 280; is defeated,
280; flies, 281.
Cross Hollows, 192.
Cross Keys, battle of, 463 ; after the
battle, 465; losses at, 467.
Cross Timbers, its situation, 200 ;
name, 208.
Cruft, General Charles, 137; his po
sition in civil life, 264; tempera
ment, 264 ; his position at Donel
son, 300 ; his brig,ade, 300 ; moves
to MoClernand's aid, 303; is mis
led, 304 ; becomes engaged with
enemy, 304; falls back, 305; forms
new line, 305 ; joins in assault, 306;
'wounded at Shiloh, 363; is promo
ted, 598 ; at Richmond, Kentucky,
607 ; his opinion of the conduct of
the troops at Richmond, 611.
Crump's Landing, Wallace at, 358;
army reaches to, 396.
Crusoe, Robinson, comforts the Twen
tieth, 494.
Cumberland, in fight with Merrimac,
502.
Cumberland Ford, troops at, 426; its
beauty, 425.
Cumberland Gap, its situation, 425 ;
its fortifications, 425; road to, 243;
fortified, 425; entered by the Sev
enth division, 429.
Cumberland Gap Expedition, moves
from Wild Cat, 249; faUs, 250.
Cumberland River, its importance, 286;
at Fort Donelson, 295 ; near the
mountains, 425.
Curtis, General, his army, 197; pur
sues Price, 198 ; at Pea Ridge, 202 ;
remonstrates with Van Dorn, 207.

Daily, Lieutenant Colonel, promoted,
208.
Dark day, 594.
Daum's Battery, at Greenbrier, 92.
Davidson's Battery at Pea Ridge,
203.
Davis, General Jeff C, his early ca
reer, 156, 157; in Sumter, 157; is
promoted, 157; in Jefferson City,
165; disposal of his forces, 165;

in Warrensburg expedition, 192;
command of division, 197 ; moves
towards Springfield, 197; joins
Curtis, 197; ou Sugar Creek, 200;
position at Pea Ridge, 200, 201 ; in
battle, 205; goes to Cape Girar
deau, 209; is promoted, 210; goes
down the Mississippi, 210; kills
Nelson, 505.
Davis's Division, its march to Spring
field, 197 ; crosses the Osage, 197 ;
reaches Lebanon, 197; becomes
part of Curtis' army, 197; at Pea
Ridge, 200; marches to Sulphur
Rock, 208; to Cape Girardeau,
209; goes down the Mississippi,
210; joins BueU, 602.
Davis, Captain, succeeds Foote, 415.
Davis, President Jeff., his slander of
Indiana troops, 62 ; cheered in
LouisviUe, 218; disapproves Floyd
and Pillow, 310 ; poetical effusion
about, 326.
Deer, frighten picket, 89.
Delzell, Lieutenant, in expedition
against HuntsviUe, 100 ; his kind
ness, 127.
Democratic party, its characteristic
doctrine, 6 ; its division, 8 ; mi
nority report of, 631 ; in harmony
with Republican party, 640.
Demotte, C. W., his story, 494.
Denby, Lieutenant Colonel, is silent,
404 ; sends out scouts, 406 ; in bat
tle of ChapUn HiUs, 622.
Department of the Ohio, 226.
Department of the Mississippi, 226.
Department of Missouri, 226.
Des AUemands, fight in the swamps
of, 566.
De Tocqneville quoted, 148.
Dick, Lieutenant Colonel George P.,
welcomed by the Eighty-Sixth,
627; his labors, 627.
Dick Robinson, Camp, its establish
ment, 219; its situation, 242;
troops at, 242; Kirby Smith at,
625.
DUle, Captain Israel C, at Wild Cat,
245.
Dirt eaters, 357.
Dix, General, likes the Twenty-First
Indiana, 544.
Dix, camp, 544.
Donelson, Fort, its surrender causes
rejoicing ou the La Mine, 212 ; pro
tects Bowling Green, 278; its situ
ation, 286; its defences, 294; its
vicinity, 295; its garrison, 285;

660

INDEX.

line of its investment, 297 ; its
siege on Wednesday, 297; its siege
on Thursday, 297, 298 ; its siege on
Friday, 300, 301 ; council of war
held in, 302 ; its siege on Saturday,
302 ; confusion in besieging force
at, 304; northwest angle of, 307;
second council held in, 308 ; sur
renders, 310; Sunday in, 311 ; joy
in, 311 ; is girdled with dead and
wounded, 312 ; troops surrendered
with, 313.
Donelson, General, in conversation,
221; his attempt to frighten pris
oners, 122.
Donnelly's brigade, retreats from
Strasburg, 458 ; on Winchester
Heights, 459.
Douglass, John, gives alarm, 406.
Dover, council of war in, 302.
Drainesville, engagement of, 511.
Drake, Joseph, his character and
death, 256.
Duck river, is bridged, 356.
Dumont, General Ebenezer, his ap
pearance, character, birth and edu
cation, 25 ; career previous to the
war, 26; eloquence, 26 ; march to
Philippi, 31 ; attack on Philippi,
32, 33; his resolution, 46; his
health, 47 ; at Greenbrier, 92 ; his
promotion, 329 ; at Elkwater, 329 ;
is assigned to Mitchell's division,
329 ; his horse captured, 343 ; keeps
Morgan's horse, 343; assigned to
command of Nashville, 355; chases
Morgan, 600 ; goes home, 600.
Dunham, Colonel C. L., 139 ; his po
sition in civil life, 270 ; his char
acter, 270; at railroad bridge of
MunfordsviUe, 604; is proposed as
commissioner to peace convention,
634.
Dunlap, H., scouting, 65 ; at Patter
son's creek, 67, 68.
Dunlap, R. M., scouting, 65 ; at Pat
terson's creek, 67, 68.
Dunlap, Dr. Livingston, hospital in
care of, 324; declaration of, 325;
number of sick in his hospital, 325.
Dunning, Colonel, at Blue's Gap.
446.
Durham, Adjutant, at Wild Cat, 246.

E.

East Tennessee, fugitives from at
Camp Dick Robinson, 242 ; at Lon
don, 249; on the retreat, 251;

martial law proclaimed in, 281 ;
joy in, 430.
Edgefield, BueU's advance reaches,
333 ; McCook arrives at, 334.
Edgefield Junction, fight at, 602.
Eddy, Dr. Norman, 139.
Edri, Camp, pioneers at, 113.
Edwards, William, his bravery, 617.
Eigenman, Captain John, in battle
of Chaplin HiUs, 623.
Eighth Battery, its organization,
141; in camp of instruction, 272;
in Nelson's division, 336 ; is first
in Nashville, 341.
Eighth Regiment, its departure from
Indianapolis, 44; journey to
Clarksburg, 44; its labors at
Clarksburg and march to Buck-
hannan, 45 ; march up Rich moun
tain, 54 ; in battle of Rich moun
tain, 54 ; at Laurel Hill, 60 ; return
to Indianapolis, 60 ; its reorgani
zation, 162; is ordered to St. Louis,
156; to Jefferson City, 166; moves
to Georgetown, 174; is at Otter
viUe, 190; at Syracuse, 190; in
Warrensburg expedition, 192 ; in
winter quarters, 195; on the march,
198; its position at Pea Ridge,
200 ; in battle, 204.
Eighteenth Battery, organization,
141.
Eighteenth Regiment, its nucleus,
135; its organization, 158; in St.
Louis, 158; in Jefferson City, 165;
its march to Booneville, 165; moves
towards Lexington, 172 ; captures
the Sunshine, 1'72; moves to
Georgetown, 174; at OtterviUe and
Syracuse, 190; in Warrensburg
expedition, 192; in winter quar
ters, 195; its position at Pea
Ridge, 200; in battle, 203; at
BatesvUle, 209.
Eightieth Regiment, in pursuit of
Bragg, 596 ; in battle of Chaplin
mils, 616.
Eighty-First., in pursuit of Bragg,
596 ; at ChapUn HiUs, 620.
Eighty-Sixth, in pursuit of Bragg,
596 ; the day after PerryviUe battle,
624; at Wild Cat, 626; its march
to Gallatin, 627; is attacked at
Rural Hill, 627 ; its ignorance, and
its wretched condition, 627.
Eighty-Seventh, at Chaplin Hills,
620.
Eighty-Eighth, at Chaplin Hills, 616.

INDEX.

661

Eighty-Ninth, in army of the Ohio,
596 ; at CrawfordsviUe, 603.
Ekin, General, appropriates gymna
sium for prisoners, 320.
Eleventh Battery, 141 ; in Army of
the Ohio, 335 ; at Pittsburg Land
ing, 396.
Eleventh Regiment, its character,
appearance, banners and motto,
61; guards tho river, 63; goes to
Cumberland, 64; its expedition to
Romney, 64; its fight on Patterson's
Creek, 67 ; its Fourth of July cele
bration, 6'7 ; march to Martinsburg,
69; waits, 70; returns, 70; is at
Paducah, 272; in expedition, 274;
up the Tennessee, 287; marches to
Fort Heiman, 290 ; reaches Donel
son, 300; joine in assault, 306; at
Shiloh, 374; its losses, 383; in
Memphis, 422.
Elizabethtoum, Sherman's arrival at,
229; religious services at, 266.
EVaabethriver, its warlike appearance,
501 ; its color, 506.
Elkhorn Tavern, 200.
Elkwater, 78 ; its sudden rise, 88.
Elkwater, camp, its fortifications, 76 ;
Reynolds at, 82 ; skirmishing near,
83.
EUis, Hon. Erastus W. H., 139 ; ap
pointed commissioner to peace con
vention, 638.
Ellsworth, his death, 17.
Elzey, General, on Winchester
Heights, 459.
England, talk about, 500.
Erdelmeyer, Colonel Francis, at Row
lett's Station, 235.
Essex, gunboat, before Fort Henry,
287; in the attack, 288; bursts her
boiler, 289 ; heroism on the, 289.
Evans, Major John D., in three
months' campaign, 229.
EvansviUe, liberality of, 13 ; sends aid
to the wounded, 313.
Eve, her poUtics, 423. ^ ^ „ ,,
Evening Shade, Army of the South
west at, 208.
EweU, General, in front_ of Banks,
456; on Winchester Heights, 459.
P.
Fair Oaks, battle of, 520.
Falmouth, Shields' division ai,i5e
Fanny, steamer, approaches Cbm^a-
macomioo, 487; is captured, 488.
43

Farley, L., scouting, 65; on Kelley's
Island, 67.
Farmers, liberality of, 13 ; their want
of endurance, 249; are seldom at
the head of regiments, 264.
FayetteviUe, its desolation, 408 ; Neg
ley at, 412.
Fifth Battery of artillery, its organi
zation, 141 ; in school of instruc
tion, 272; its armament, 272; in
Turchin's brigade, 329 ; on the
route to HuntsviUe, 401 ; stops a
train, 402 ; in battle of Chaplin
Hills, 618.
Fifth division of the Army of the
Ohio, ordered to move, 330 ; goes
to Nashville, 335 ; crosses Duck
river, 356; at Shiloh, 373.
Fifteenth regiment, its place of ren
dezvous, 72; its transference, 73
its removal to West Virginia, 74
skirmishes with Lee's troops, 83
at Greenbrier, 95 ; its labors and
battles in West -y-irginia, 262; in
Nelson's division, 235 ; in Wood's
division, 235 ; at Shiloh, 381 ; in
pursuit of Bragg, 595 ; at Chaplin
Hills, 620.
Fiftieth regiment, its organization,
139; leaves Indianapolis, 270; in
Wood's division, 335; in Army of
the Ohio, 586 ; at Edgefield Junc
tion, 602 ; at MunfordsviUe, 604.
Fifty-First regiment, its organization,
139; leaves Indianapolis, 270; in
Wood's division, 335; arrives at
Pittsburg Landing, 395 ; in BueU's
long march, 596.
Fifty-Second, its formation, 139; its
equipments, 269 ; its character, 296;
joins Grant's army, 295 ; its posi
tion before Fort Donelson, 297; sup
ports a battery, 299 ; joins in as
sault, 308 ; its arrival at Pittsburg
Landing, 395; in BueU's long.
march, 596.
Fifty-Third, its organization, 139, 140;:
guards Camp Morton, 327; unites
with Sixty-Second, 327; arrives at
Pittsburg Landing, 395.
Fifty-Fourth, its formation, 139.
Fifty-Fifth, its organization, 139; in
Army of the Ohio, 596 ; near Rich
mond, 607.
Fifty-Sixth, its consolidation with the
Fifty-Second, 139.
Fifty-Seventh, its formation, 140;
goes to Bardstown, 270 ; its char-

662

INDEX.

acter, 270; its colonel, 270; in
Wood's division, 335; at Shiloh,
381; loss at Shiloh, 383 ; in BueU's
long march, 576; at Chaplin's HiUs,
620.
Fifty-Eighth, its formation, 140; first
movements of, 271 ; its colonel, 271 ;
in Wood's division, 335 ; arrives at
Pittsburg Landing, 395; in BueU's
long march, 596 ; rate of marching,
597.
Fifty-Ninth, its formation, 140; joins
Pope's army, 346; at Pittsburg
Landing, 395 ; leaves the Missis
sippi, 414.
First battery of artillery, its organi
zation, 140; at Pea Ridge, 200.
First cavalry regiment, its organiza
tion, 137; ordered to Missouri, 156;
its colonel, 159; its size, 160; ar
rives in St Louis, 161 ; its arms
and equipments, 161 ; at Pilot
Knob, 187; at Fredericktown, 186;
its activity, 187; its attachment to
the Twenty-First Illinois, 187.
First division of the Army of the
Ohio, its organization, 278; marches
towards Cumberland Gap, 278; at
Logan's cross roads, 279 ; enWrs
ZoUicoffer's entrenchments, 281 ;
at Somerset, 283; moves towards
Nashville on steamers, 335 ; arrives
at Nashville, 341 ; before Corinth,
394.
Fletcher, Dr. William B., in Camp
Morton, 16; as Fife Major, 29; as
scout, 36; arrives at Buckhannan
and reports, 43 ; reconnoitres Lau
rel Hill aud enters the Rebel camp,
51 ; on Reynolds' staff, 102 ; ex
plores, 104; ordered to scout, 105;
in search of dinner, 107; captured,
109; in irons, 113; his journey to
HuntsviUe, 114; is examined, 115;
removed to Tennessee camp, 118;
removed to Georgia camp, 119 ;
back to Tennessee camp, 120; tried
and threatened, 121; sick, 123;
attempts to escape and is recaptur
ed, 123; his second attempt, 124;
in jail, 126; on exhibition, 128;
joins Union prisoners, 130; march
to Staunton, 132 ; arrival at Rich
mond, 133; in Libby, 134; in
charge of hospital for prisoners,
320.
Fletcher, Professor Miles J., his death,
397; his talents, goodness, useful
ness and patriotism, 398.

Florence, reconnoisance to, 291;
guarded by Confederates, 352;
Negley at, 412.
Floyd, General, at Carnifax Ferry,
431 ; retreats, and goes to Rich
mond, 433; arrives at Donelson,
295 ; his opinion of the situation,
and his plan, 302; changes his
plan, 305; in his second council,
309 ; his personal appearance, 309 ;
his determination, 309 ; he resigns
and steals away, 310; is despised
by Northern men, 309 ; hated by
Southern men, 315; epigram on,
315.
Foote, Commodore, 284; reconnoitres
Fort Henry, 185; explores the bed
of the Tennessee, 287; makes ar
rangements with Grant, 288;
makes attack, 290 ; his sympathy
with sufferers, 290; goes to Cairo,
295; moves up the Cumberland,
296; bombards Island No. 10, 350;
moves towards Memphis, 414; re
tires from service, 414.
Forbearance of the soldiers in West
Virginia, 22; of the Government
in West Virginia, 36 ; of General
-Lander, 45 ; of the Government for
Kentucky, 218; of BueU at Nash
ville, 339 ; of General HaUeck, in
regard to fugitives within the
lines, 274; of Colonel Fitch at
Memphis, 418; of the President,
towards Grant, the army and ihe
country, 388; of BueU on the
march to HuntsviUe, 596 ; of BueU
at HuntsviUe, 598 ; of the army on
the James, 506; of the President
towards McCleUan, 511.
Forrest, his depredations, 600 ; is
routed, 600 ; captures Murfrees
boro, 601.
Forsyth, Army of the Southwest at,
208.
Fortieth regiment, recruiting of, 138 ;
its arrival at Bardstown, 272 ; in
Wood's division, 345; at Shiloh,
381; in BueU's long march, 596;
at Chaplin Hills, 620.
Forty-First regiment, see Second
cavalry.
Forty-Second regiment, its organiza
tion, 138 ; arrives at Henderson,
265; in Calhoun, Owensboro and
South Carrolton, 265; i;s scouts at
Greenville, 265; it embarks, 336;
leaves Nashville, joins Mitchell and
marches southeast, 403; gives up

INDEX.

663

'Slaves, 404; atWar Trace, 405; in
-fight, 406; at Murfreesboro, 405;
at FayetteviUe, 408 ; at HuntsviUe,
410; in pursuit of Bragg, 596; at
Chaplin HiUs, 616; its losses at
Chaplin HiUs, 620; letter about,
620.
Forty-Third, its organization, 138; at
Calhoun, 263; at Spottsville, 264;
its colonel, 264; joins Pope's army,
346 ; at Osceola, 414 ; on the boats,
419.
Forty-Fourth regiment, its organiza
tion, 138; remains in. Fort Wayne,
266; goes to Henderson, 265; at
Calhoun, 265 ; its position in siege
of Donelson, 300 ; moves to Mo
Clernand's aid, 303, 304; its posi
tion at Shiloh, 359 ; hastens to the
front, 362 ; rallies round the flag,-
367; four color-bearers are shot,
367; its position second day, 374;
makes a charge, 381 ; loss at Shi
loh, 383; in BueU's long march,
596; at Chaplin Hills, 620.
Forty-Fifth, see Third cavalry.
Forty-Sixth, organization of, 139;
leaves Logansport, 263 ; singular
coincidence in the history of, 263;
at New Haven, 262; joins Army of
the Mississippi, 346 ; at Osceola,
415; on the boats, 419.
Forty-Seventh, its organization, 139;
at Bardstown, 263 ; near New Ha-
ve-n, 262; joins Army of the Mis
sissippi, 346; at Biddle's Point,
349 ; at Osceola, 415 ; marches
through Memphis, 419.
Forty-Eighth, its organization, 139 ;
at Pittsburg Landing, 395.
Forty-Ninth, its organization, 139;
its first march, 269; is surprised,
269; its -colonel, 270; its march to
Cumberland Ford, 426 ; approaches
Cumberland Gap, 427; letters from
ofacer of, 427; its sickness, 428;
its sick removed, 428 ; its retreat
to the Ohio, 613 ; is sent to the Ka
nawha, 614.
Foster, Colonel John W., his letters
about Shiloh, 363, 367.
Foster, Brigadier General Robert S.,
is promoted, 444 ; is in a skirmish,
455.
S-ourteenth regiment, place of rendez
vous, 72 ; transference of, 72 ; re
moval to West Virginia, 74; em
ployment, 73 ; 'loss in skirmishes

with Lee's army, 88 ; condition, 92 ;
conduct at Greenbrier, 93 ; in Vir
ginia, 431 ; leaves West Virginia,
444; at Romney, 444; in expedi
tion to Blue's Gap, 446 ; at Win
chester Heights, 452; its shout,
453 ; its loss, 454 ; is presented
with a gun, 454 ; it reaches the
James, 542 ; in march across the
Peninsula, 573 ; its hardships on
the Peninsula, 573.
Fourth or Nelson's division of Army
of the Ohio, moves towards Nash
viUe on steamers, 335; crosses Duck
river, 356; atShUoh, 383; at Bat
tle creek, 598.
Fourth battery of artillery, its organ
ization, 141 ; in camp of instruc
tion, 272 ; in march to Bowling
Green, 335; in battle of ChapUn
Hills, 616.
Fourteenth battery of artillery, 141,
Fox, capture of, 555 ; value of, 557.
Fox, James, murdered, 191.
France, talk about, 500.
Franklin, Kentucky, welcomes Mitch
eU, 333.
Franklin, General, joins McClellan,
517 ; moves to "West Point, 518 ;
defends White Oak Creek, 535 ; his
position on Malvern HiU, 538.
Fredericktown, affair at, 186.
Fremont, General, his department,
152; his fame, 152; his powers,
153; his duties, 153; difSoulty
with U. S. Treasurer, 154; pre
parations, 154, 155; liis care for
soldiers, 164; his industry, 164;
his plans and expectations, 164;
send3.troops forward, 164; declares
martial law, 166; excites anger,
168; his independence, 169; his
staff, 169; his guard, 169, 177; his
army, 169; his situation, 170;
asks reinforcements, 171; orders
aid to Lexington, 175; is ready
to move, 174; pursues Price, 175;
at Tipton, 175; his visitors, 176 ;
moves from Tipton, 177; on the
Osage, 179; beyond the Osage,
180 ; advises, Zagonyi, 180 ; makes
an agreement with Price, 180;
is superseded, 183; his departure
from the army, 184; his recep
tion at St. Louis, 184; his
plan for the western campaign,
283; at Wheeling, 456; his corps,
456 ; -at Franklin, 458 ; moves to-

664

INDEX.

wards the east, 460 ; on the march,
461; enters Strasburg, 462; hast
ens on, 462; at Cross Keys, 463;
his report, 463 ; his disappointment,
467 ; is offended and resigns, 569.
Fremont's Army, as he received it,
152, 154; moves toward the west,
174; is consolidated, 175; is de
layed at Tipton, 175; contrasted
with McClellan's army, 176; its
organization, 176; it moves on,
177; its appearance, 177; its spir
it, 177; its affection for the com
mander, 177; delayed, 178; bridg
ing the Osage, 179; its reduced
rations, 180; at Springfield, 183;
loses Fremont, 184; retreats, 185.
Fremont's Guard, its formation, 169;
its approach to Springfield and its
charge, 181; its dead, 182; returns
to St. Louis and is dismissed, 184;
is paid by the President's order,
185.
French, Major Nathaniel B., in battle
of ChapUn HiUs, 623.
Front Royal, surprised, 458 ; retaken,
461.
Fry, General, kills ZoUicoffer, 280.
Fry, Dr. Thomas W., his hospital ar
rangements, 276; in siege of Don
elson, 312.
Frybarger, Captain Walton W., 141.
Frybarger's battery, see Third battery
Fulkerson's brigade, at Winchester
Heights, 451.

G.

Gaines'' Still, battle of, 529.
Gainesville, battle of, 587. -
Gallatin, fight near, 602.
Garnett, General, in West Virginia,
22; his camp, 48; his retreat, 52:
his death, 57.
Garnett's brigade, at Winchester
Heights, 451.
Garrard, Colonel, advanced to Rock
castle Hills, 243; meets Coburn,
244.
Garrigus, M., secretary of Masonic
Lodge, 229.
Gauley, Wise on, 431 ; fight on, 433.
Gavin, Colonel James, at Port Re
pubUc, 466; at Bull Run, 591.
Gavitt, Major John Smith, at Fred
ericktown, 186; his death, 187.
Gazlay, Colonel Carter, at HuntsviUe,
402 ; promoted and dismissed, 599.

Geary's brigade, on Manassas Gap
railroad, 471 ; at Ashby's Gap, 472;
at Piedmont, 472 ; at Slaughter
mountain, 574.
General Lovell, is sunk, 416.
Georgetown, troops at, 175.
Georgia troops, at Huntersville, 118';
their unkindness, 1 19.
Gerber, Lieutenant-Colonel John, is
kUled, 377.
Germans, proposition of, 136; their
patriotism, 147; their love of
Union, 231 ; in Missouri, 146 ; from
Tennessee, 231.
German regiment, first, s«e Thirty-
Second regiment.
German regiment, second, its failure,
140.
German patriot in prison, 496.
Gibbon's brigade, in a reconnois
sance, 573; at Gainesville. 587.
Gibson, Colonel, at Shiloh, 380.
Gibson s brigade, at ' Shiloh, 380 ;
guards the rear, 591.
Gilbert, General, commands a oorpSr
614; in battle of Chaplin HUls,
618.
Gilham, Colonel, his position and
character, 114; his examination of
Fletcher, 115.
Gillespie, Dr. William, 460.
Girard, William T., his death, 48.
Gladden, General, 355; is mortally
wounded, 372.
Glendale, battle of, 536.
Gooding, Colonel Michael, promoted,
208 ; his horse shot, 619 ; captured,
619; is commended, 620.
Gordon, Major Jonathan W., carries
dispatches, 43 ; reconnoitres Laurel
HiU, 51 ; his dairing, 57 ; takes
charge of the body of Garnett, 57.
Gordon, Joseph, his cliaracter and
death, 98.
Gordon's brigade, on retreat from
Strasburg, 458 ; in battle of Slaugh
ter mountain, 574.
Grafton, taken by Union troops, 23;
troops leave, 31.
Grand Junction, guarded, 352.
Grant, General U. S., demands re
inforcements, 170; sends troops to
Fredericktown, 186; seizes Padu
cah, 220; takes Smithland, 220;
watches Columbus, 278; before
Fort Henry, 287, 288 ; fails to keep
his agreement, 289 ; orders all his
forces before Fort Donelson, 295;
Ms march to Fort Donelson, 296 ;

INDEX.

665

Hs army, -296 ; arranges his line,
297; his anxiety, 299; sends a
courier, 299 ; holds off, 300 ; in
conference with Foote, 303 ; directs
an assault on Pillow, 306 ; directs
an assault on north - west angle of
the works, 307; prepares for gen-
¦eral assault, 308; his terms at
Donelson, 310; lands at Dover,
310; his congratulations, 311 ; dis
arms Confederate ofiicers, 313;
talks to Buekner, 314; moves up
the Tennessee, 358-; lands at Sa-
-vannah, 358 ; moves up to Pitts
burg, 358 ; his coolness at Shiloh,
'366 ; in conference with Sherman,
368 ; is almost alone in his hope
fulness, 369; breaks Beauregard's
line, 381; claims victory, 387; is
¦censured, 387; defends himself,
S88 ; is not trusted, 396 ; is con-
¦siderate for the enemy, 410 ; at
Memphis, 422.
Gray Eagle, MUroy caUcd, 27.
irreat Republic, aground, 549 ; in mo
tion, 550 ; its condition, 550.
Green's Brigade, 574.
G.reen River, enemy on, 234; des
cribed, 239.
Greenbrier, affair at, 83 ; Union loss
in, 94; flight of Rebels from, 100.
Greensburg, liberality of, 13.
Gresham, Colonel Walter Q., 139;
made Colonel of the Fifty-Third,
327.
Grimsby, Captain James, is commend
ed, 565,
Grose, General WilUam, 137; his
position in civil life, 262.
Grote, his introd-uction to Syracusan
expedition, 514 ; his fflose of S. E.
541.
Orover, T., scouting, 65,; at Patter-
¦son's Cree-k, 67.
Guerrillas, believed to be sanctioned
by Lee, 79 ; hiding places for, 79 ;
attack on Bangers, 79 ; pursuit of,
•80; captured, 80; numerous, 45;
in Missouri, 191; at MurreU s
house, 232; harass Union arniy
near NashviUe, 342 ; attack pickr
ets of the Thirtieth regiment, 342 ;
harass army in southern Tennessee,
..600 ; at Henderson, 601 ; at New
burg, 601.
Criim, Jim, appearance of, 79; cap
ture of, 79.
Gunboats, construction of, 283; man-
ling 0^ 384; to .go up.the Cumber

land and Tennessee, 283; before
Fort Henry, 287; reconnoitre to
Florence, 291 ; arrival at Fort Don
elson, 301 ; their part in the battle
of Shiloh, 371 ; at Island No. 10,
350; before Fort Pillow, 414; in
battle at Memphis, 416.
Guthrie, Albert, Milroy's second re
cruit, 2 7 ; captain in Forty-Eighth,
27.
Gwin, Lieutenant William, his birth,
education and early career, 291 ;
in command of the Tyler, 291 ;
goes up the Tennessee, 291 ; is
anxious to take partat Shiloh, 359;
obtains leave to fire, 370 ; fires
through the night, 371.
H.
Hackleman, General Pleasant A., del
egate to peace convention, 8 ; his
position in civil life, 435 ; his self-
denial, 436; his appointment to
peace convention, 638.
Hail Columbia, relieves fatigue, 177;
on entering Arkansas, 199 ; affects
prisoners, 282.
HaUeck, General, at St. Louis, 190 ;
his orders against slaves, 274; at
Pittsburg Landing, 394 ; feeling of
soldiers for, 396; his prudence, 398;
enters Corinth, 399 ; is considerate
for the enemy, 410 ; in the cabinet,
572.
HamUton's division, 395 ; moves to
wards Memphis, 414.
Hammond, -Governor, succeeds WU
lard, 628 ; his message, 629.
Hampden-Sydney,stndeiita of, 55.
Hampton, 499.
Ham2)ton Roads, warlike appearance
of, 501.
Handcuffs, fable about, 113 ; put on
prisoners; 113.
Hanging Rock, 81.
Hanson, General, in Fort Donelson,
295.
Hardee, General, a word about, 355;
his position atShiloh, 360.
Hardin, Lieutenant-Colonel Frank D,
140. .
Harding, Lieutenant George C, his
capture, 567.
Harney, General, 150.
Harpers's Ferry, seized by John
Brown, 7; muskets destroyed at, 73.
Harris, Captain Samuel J., 141.
Harris' battery, see Seventh battery^

666

INDEX..

Harris, Governor, is frightened, 336 ;
files, 337.
Harris, Major, 573.
Harrison, P., scouting, 65 ,- at Patter
son's creek, 67.
Harrison, Brevet Brigadier General
Thomas J., 138; his education and
profession, 229.
Harrison's Bar, army at.
Harrisonburg, Banks at, 455; illumi
nation of, 458 ; skirmish near, 463.
Harrow, Colonel William, on picket
duty, 84 ; is promoted, 444.
Harter, Thomas 0., in Reno's tent,
576; carries a message to Lost
river, 586; his interview -with Sigel,
577; his appearance, 577; starts to
Richmond, 578; arrested, exam
ined and sent to Harrisonburg, 578;
set to work at Staunton, 579 ; sent
to Richmond, 579; his interview
with Winder, 580 ; his stay in
Richmond, 581 ; goes to Gordons
viUe, 581; overhears an important
consultation, 582 ; escapes, 582
tells his story in Reno's tent, 532
his story is confirmed by Sigel, 583
and by McDoweU, 584.
Hascall, Brigadier General Milo S,,
15 ; his education and experience,
262 ; his promotion, 395.
Hatch's cavalry, on retreat from
Strasburg, 458.
Haiieras, Cape, 485.
Hatteras, Fort, its situation, 486;-
scenery about, 491.
Hatteras Inlet, its diflicult passage,
486 ; force on, 492.
Hatteras Island, the Twentieth ap
proaches, 486; its character, 491 ,
October on, 492.
Hauser, Captain William A. W., at
Wild Cat, 245; is wounded, 248.
Hawkins, Colonel, removed, 492.
Hay,. D. B,, scouting, 65 ; his return
to camp, 66 ; his story, 66.
Hay, assistant quartermaster, pre
pares hospital for prisoners, 321.
Hayett, Lieutenant, 474.
Hayne, Colonel, assaults a redoubt,
497.
Hays, Bev. Mr., aUows Federals in
his church, 525.
Hays, Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin
F., 570 ; in battle, 562.
Hazen's brigade, its position at Shi
loh, 373 ; in pursuit of Bragg, 625.
Hazzard, Colonel George W.,. 138; his

education, 265; not in command,.
402.
Head, General, in Fort Donelson, 295v
Heffren, Hon. Horace, his speech, 640.
Heiman, General, in Fort Donelson,
295
Heiman, Fort, its co-ndition, 287; is
deserted, 290 ; is entered by "Union.
troops, 290.
Heintzelman, General, his assertion,
520 ; in battle of the Orchards, 525 ;
falls back, 5.28 ; his night march
through White Oak Swamp, 535;
in battle of Glendale, 536 , assumes^
responsibility, 537; at Malvern
Hill, 538 ; reaches the RappahojU-
nock, 586 ; hastens after J ackson,
587 ; in battle of Bull Run, 588.
Henderson, Lieutenant-Colonel James-
M., at Wild Cat, 245.
Henderson, Mrs., her kindness, 253..
Hendricks, Captain Isaac, at AVild
Cat, 245.
Hendricks, Mrs., her kindness, 253.
Hendricks, Lieutenant-Colonel John.
A., 172; in command, 172; at Pea
Ridge, 202; his death, 203; his
birthday celebration, 207.
Hendricks, Thomas A., his votes for
Governor, 629; is proposed as peace-
commissioner, 634.
Henry, Fort, commands the Tennessee,
278 ; its position and defences, 286;
its garrison, 287; is attacked, 289;
surrenders, 290 , loyalty of people
in the region, 314.
Herring, Captain, scouting, 232.
Hickman, taken by Polk, 220.
Higgins, Captain, in search of Cap
tain Coon, 84.
Highman, Captain John K., his-
death, 187.
Hildebrand, Colonel, his position at
ShUoh, 359; is driven, 161.
Hill, Captain, adventure of, 81.
Hill, General A. P., in council, 526 ;
attacks McCall, 528 ; pursues-
Heintzelman, 535.
Hindman, General, at Rowlett's Sta
tion, 237 ; is wounded, 372.
Hodges, Adjutant Joseph C, at Shi
loh, 362.
Hollenback, J., scouting, 65; is
wounded, 68; found dead, 68 ; his
burial, 68.
HoUowcU, J., scouting, 65 ; at Pat
terson's creek, 67,.
Holly river,. 95v

INDEX.

667

Holman, Lieutenant-Colonel Jesse L.,
his promotion, 209.
Hooker, General, his division, 439:
commends Third Indiana, 440 ; re
sembles Lamachus, 515; his posi
tion inbattleof Fair Oaks, 519; re
connoitres, 522 ; his position in the
siege, 522 ; in battle of the Or
chards, 525; holds intrenchments,
532 ; in battle of Glendale, 536 ;
his report, 537; fights EweU, 587.
//oosiers, loyalty of, 315; in Wash
ington, 545.
Hospitals, in Camp Morton, 16; on
Mustoe's farm, 52; in London, 250;
at Crab Orchard, 253; at Paducah,
276; at EUzabethtown, 276; else-
¦where in Kentucky, 277; before
Fort Donelson, 311 ; in Indianapo
lis, 320 ; at Cumberland Ford, 428 ;
in siege of Richmond, 523; aban
doned, 533 ; privations of, 493.
Houma, outrages committed in, ^5 ;
punishment of, 556 ; amount of
property destroyed and carried
away from, 557.
Hovey, Major General Alvin P., his
politics and his success in civil life,
158; displeases Buchanan, 159; his
popularity with his regiment, 159 ;
in Warrensburg expedition, 193 ; at
Shiloh, 374; is promoted, 395; his
administration at Memphis, 423.
Howell, James, his coolness, 558.
Howe's battery, at Greenbrier, 92.
Hudson, Colonel R. N., on Fremont's
staff, 168; quoted, 177; remains
with the army, 184.
Huger, General, in council of war,
256; follows Heintzelman, 535.
Humphreys, General George, in Mex
ican war, 434.
Hundred and First regiment, 616.
Hunter, General, in Fremont's army,
176; in the march to Springfield,
183 ; succeeds Fremont, 183 ; re
treats, 185 ; on the Pacific railroad,
190.
Hunter, Colonel James S., is promo
ted, 599.
Huntersville, its situation, 77 ; valley
of, 118; expedition against, 100;
sickness in, 120; jail in, 126.
HuntsviUe, its situation, 401 ; its cap
ture, 402.
Hurlbut, General, 150; at Shiloh,
359 ; in second day of Shiloh, 3(4.
Huttonsville, in possession of rebels,
30 ; in possession of Union troops.

77; ownership of, 103; Sullivan's
camp near, 103.

Illinois troops at Pea Ridge, 202 ; in
Kentucky at the close of 1861,
226; in siege of Donelson, 301; in
Turchin's brigade, 329; enter Co
lumbus, 344; spike guns, 350; at
ShUoh, 359.
Imagination, power of, 16.
Indiana, material condition of, 1, 3 ;
population, 1, 2 ; character of its
people, 2, 3, 4 ; schools of, 3 ; vote
of in 1860, 8; quota under the
first call, 12; military institutions,
14; finances, 14; troops in St.
Louis, 162; custom of country
people, 163; regiments in Ken
tucky in December, 1861, 226; its
condition in September, 1861, 227;
promptness in helping Kentucky,
227; beloved by her soldiers, 255;
her troops before New Madrid,
348 ; her troops everywhere in the
front, 431 ; regiments in Valley of
Virginia, 445 ; not yet in a defeat,
491 ; her troops in the new levy,
605; her promptness ia giving as
sistance to Kentucky, 606.
Indianapolis Journal, on the treatment
of prisoners, 316 ; on what Indiana
has done, 605.
Indians, action of Missouri Legisla
ture in regard to, 148 ; at Pea
Ridge, 201.
Iowa troops, at Pea Ridge, 204; at
Donelson, 298.
Irish, proposition of, 236.
Irish Regiment, see Thirty-Fifth.
Irish Regiment, Second, failure of,
140.
Island No. 10, its situation, 346; is
bombarded, 350; surrenders, 351.
Ivy Station, iii.

Jackson, General H. R., at Camp Bar
ton, 91.
Jackson, Governor, his reply toi the
President, 147; is prepared for
emergencies, 148 ; continues pre
parations, 151 ; retires into the in
terior, 151.
Jackson, General, his division at
Chaplin HiUs, 616; is killed, 617.
Jackson, General T. J., his character,

668

INDEX.

442 ; at Harper's Ferry, 443 ; sum
mary of his movements in the Val
ley, 445 ; marches north, 446 ; ar
rives at Romney, 447; at Mount
^ Jackson, 449 ; at Kernstown, 450 ;
" his position, 451 ; his mistake, 452 ;
in the battle, 452; his disappoint
ment, 454 ; his resolution, 454 ; his
plan, 455 ; drives Milroy, 458 ; on
Winchester Heights, 459; on the
Potomac, 460 ; retreats, 460 ; has
tens his flight, 462 ; at Cross Keys,
462; at Port Republic, 465; his
secresy, 524; is at Ashland, 524;
in council, 526 ; his regard for Lee,
526 ; at Gaines' Mill, 529 ; at White
Oak creek, 535; at Slaughter
mountain, 574; in conference with
Hill and Taliaferro, 582 ; at Grove
ton, 588; in battle of Bull Run,
590.
Jackson's brigade, lost at Shiloh, 372.
Jacksonborough, 427.
Jacksonport, 208.
Jail, in Huntersville, 126 ; in Norfolk,
in Columbia, 496.
James river, its source, 441 ; army on,
538.
Jameson, Dr., in charge of Camp
Morton, 325.
Jim, in jail, 127 ; learns his letters,
128.
Joe Holt, camp, 219.
Johnson, General Richard W., his
brigade, 233 ; succeeds McCook in
command of the second division,
599 ; in fight at Gallatin, 602.
Johnson, Dr., 460.
Johnson, Senator, remonstrates with
the President, 218.
Johnson, General Bushrod, in Fort
Donelson, 295; fights, 302; is
wounded, 372.
Johnston, General A. S., assumes
command in Bowling Green, 332;
at Edgefield, 336 ; at Murfreesboro,
342 ; at Corinth, 352 ; his reputa
tion, 353 ; is killed, 372.
Johnston, General Joseph E., report
about, 408 ; at Harper's Ferry,
Winchester and Manassas, 443 ; at
Winchester, 444; determines to at-
aek McClellan, 518 ; makes attack,
519; is wounded, 520.
Johnston, General Edward, rein
forces Jackson, 456.
Joinville, Prince de, on battle of
Fair Oaks, 521; in council of war,
531.

Jones, Colonel WiUiam, 139; made
Lieutenant Colonel of the Fifty-
Third, 327.
Jones, Colonel Fielder A., in three
month's campaign, 229; scouting,
232.
Jones, Colonel James G., 138; his
position in civil life, 265 ; gives up
fugitives, 404 ; in battle of Chaplin
Hills, 622.
Junod, Lieutenant, his death, 85.

Kanawha River, its source, 441.
Kanawha Valley, its importance, 75;
Lee in, 90 ; movements in, 431.
Kansas, struggle for, 6.
Kearney, General, like Lamachus,
515; his position in the battle of
Fair Oaks, 519; his position in the
investment of Richmond, 522; in
the .battle of the Orchards, 525;
holds intrenchments, 532; in bat
tle of Glendale, 536 ; his protest at
Malvern Hill, 540; in battle of
Bull Run, 588; guards the rear,
591; his death, 592.
Keigwin, Colonel James, at Cumber
land Ford, 427.
Keith, Colonel John A., his expedi
tion to Houma, 556; captures
rebels, 559; in battle of Baton
Rouge, 561 ; is wounded, 564.
Keith, Lieutenant Colonel Squire
Isham, killed at Chaplin HiUs,
619.
Kelley, General, plans attack on
Phillippi, 30 ; leads a column, 31 ;
is wounded, 33; his command,
444.
Kelley, Captain James R., in battle
of Winchester Heights, 454.
Keys, General, in Fair Oaks, 519;
his assertion, 521 ; guards the train,
536; at Malvern HiU, 538.
Kemper, John Wesley, his anxiety,
490 ; his resolution, 500 ; scares a
lady, 506; his hardships and his
hopes, 521.
Kentucky, compared to an ancient
queen, 216; divisions in, 217; its
commerce, 217; recruiting within,
219; invaded, 220; its legislature,
221 ; walled in, 224 , as it appeared
to Sherman, 224 ; accumulation of
troops and stores in, 226; its blue
grass region, 224; its gratitude to

INDEX.

669

distinguished men, 227; its deliv
erance. 344.
Kentucky kitchen, scene in, 257.
Kentucky troops, at WUd Cat, 245; at
Logan's cross roads, 279 ; in siege
of Donelson, 300 ; at Shiloh, 347 ;
• in fight at Gallatin, 602; at railroad
bridge of MunfordsviUe, 604; in
battle of Richmond, 607 ; in battle
of Chaplin HiUs, 616.
Kernstown, its situation, 450 ; battle
of, 452.
Kidd, Captain Meredith H., 141.
Kilpatrick, Colonel, 573.
Kimball, General Nathan, his educa
tion and profession, ii ; distin
guishes himself at Buena Vista,
and is court martialed, 75 ; o-n the
summit of Cheat mountains, 77 ;
in search of guerrillas, 80; i-econ-
noitei-s, 83; offends his soldiers,
and regains their esteem, 87; his
conduct at Greenbrier, 92 ; is pro
moted, 444 ; commands Shields' di
vision in the battle of Winchester
Heights, 450 ; defeats Stonewall
Jackson, 453 ; drives rebels from
Front Royal, 461.
King, General, 437.
King, Clay, ravages the country near
Paducah, 273; eludes the forces
sent against him, 274.
Kinnykeet, Twentieth at, 489.
Kirk, Colonel, at ShUoh, 380.
Kirtley, Captain Levi, in command
of cavalry company, 434.
Kistler, his kindness, 130.
Kise, Colonel William C, at Logan's
cross roads, 280; his promotion,
395.
Kitchen, Dr., in charge of hospital,
325.
Klaus, Captain Martin, 140 ; at Pea
Ridge, 204.
Klaus' battery, see First battery.
Klein, Major Robert, his company at
Camp -Wicklyffe, 263 ; his company
at ShUoh, 383.
Knight, Corporal Isaac, is commend
ed, 565.
Knowles, Henry, commended, 617.
Know-nothing party, 6.
Knox, Camp, remembered, 191.

Laird, Captain Samuel, his ardor,
312.

Lamachus, urges speed in the siege
of Syracuse, 516.
La Mine, embankment on, 195, 212;
winter quarters on, 216.
Lamphere, Lieutenant, in battle of
Richmond, Kentucky, 608.
Lander, General, in attack on Philip
pi, 3 1 ; in ascent of Rich INIountain,
53, his command, 444 ; arrives at
and retreats from Romney, 445 ; his
expedition to Bloomery Gap, 448;
his death, 448 ; his services, 448.
Lane, Henry S., elected Governor,
629; his message, G30.
Lane, General .Tames, 170; ordered
to Lexington, 171.
Latham, Adjutant Matthew A., 559
reconnoitres to the Amite river, 559
in charge of the regiment, 561
his death, 564 ; is commended, 665,
Lauman, General, his b-igade, 297
feels the works at Donelson, 298
assaults the north-west angle of
the fort, 308; assumes command
of brigade at Shiloh, 359 ; attacked
by Texans, 366 ; makes a charge,
367 ; retreats, 367.
Laurel Hill, General Garn'ett at, 36
march to, 47; skirmish near, 48
.is abandoned by Confederates, 51
entered by Union troops, 52; its
fortifications destroyed, 00.
Lee, Colonel, his appearance, 112.
Lee, General Robert E., his army in
'\Vest Vii-gina, 79 ; encampment,
79 ; his plan of advance, 81 ;
climbs the mountains, 82; gains
the rear off fortifications, 82, 83;
attacks in every quarter, 84, 85,
86; retreats, 87; cause of his fail
ure, 87; removal to Kanawha re
gion, 90 ; blockade of Huntersville
road, 100; his examination of
Fletcher, 117, enquiries, 117 ; his
force at Huntersville, 118; at Mt.
Sewell, 433; goes to Richmond,
433; his army grows, 523; his
council of war, 520; his plans,
527; his directions, 528; his ex
pectations, 528; at Gaines' MiU,
529, his army deceived, 532; at
Glendale, 536; his army at Mal
vern, 538; pursues Pope, 585; at
Bull Bun, 592; hastens towards
Washington, 592.
Leetown, Army of the Southwest at,
200.
Leesburg, battle of, at Hatteras, 492.
Legion, Home, its duties, 73.

670

INDEX.

Legislature, Indiana, its regular ses
sion in 1861, 620; elects ofBcers,
628 ; passes joint resolutions of
committee on federal relations, 630;
adopts resolutions to accept the in
vitation to Virginia, 635; adjourns,
638 ; its special session, 639 ; its
unanimity, 640; elects ofScers, 640;
adopts resolutions and passes acts
in favor of quelling rebeUion, 643 ;
appropriates money for the pay
ment of militia, 648 ; passes an act
for the organization of militia, 650 ;
assumes a loan made by the Gov
ernor, 650; authorizes boards of
commissioners to appropriate mon
ey for certain purposes, 650 ; passes
other acts of the same general ten
dency, 651.
Legislature of Kentucky, its patriotic
resolutions, 221.
Legislature of Missouri, its servility,
148; renounces loyalty, 178.
Lemon, Rev. Orange V., receives a
present, 263.
Lenox, Edwin, faithful in death, 612.
isKJmsjJjMe, fikirmish near, 437.
Lewis, Dr. Andrew H., 140.
Lexington, Kentucky, Clay's monu
ment in, 241.
Lexington, Missouri, is besieged, 171 ;
s-di-renders, 173; retaken, 175.
Lexington, Virginia, its name, 443.
Lexington, gunboat, goes up the Ten
nessee, 284; before Fort Henry,
287; goes to Florence, 292 ; before
Donelson, 301 ; at Pittsburg Land
ing, 369.
Libby Prison, cruel regulations of,
133 ; guards of, 495 ; rations of, 396;
William Reed in, 523 ; Harvey Bas
sett in, 526.
Lilly, Captain Eli, 141.
Lincoln, President, his election, 8 ;
his first proclamation, 11 ; his mes
sage, 47 ; his embarrassments, 73 ;
his reply to Johnson, 218; issues
general war order, 285 ; his pa
tience, 387; described by a soldier,
469 ; visits Norfolk, 506 ; his inter
view with McDowell, 511 ; assumes
his proper position, 511 ; his war
order, 512 ; remonstrates with Mc
CleUan, but yields to him, 512;
urges speed, 516; is pained, 524;
calls for more troops, 572 ; after
Pope's defeat, 694.
Lindsay, Sergeant, his coolness, 349.

Link, Colonel William H., in Mexican
war, 434 ; his care of his regiment,
435; meets flying cavalry, 607; in
battle of Richmond, 610.
Linsday, J. C, 229.
List, Samuel -V., his letter from near
Fredericksburg, 468; his patriot
ism in a hospital, 593.
Little Rebel, in naval engagement,
416.
Little Rock, threatened by Curtis,
208.
Lockwood, General, his expedition,
545.
Logan, Captain Thomas H., his efforts
to destroy the Fanny, 488.
Logan's Cross Roads, 'Thomas at, 279;
battle of, 280; losses at, 282; ef
fect of battle of, 281.
Loggerhead Inlet, 486.
London, Kentucky, rendezvous for
fugitives, 249; sickness at, 250.
Longstreet, General, in battle of
Gaines' Mill, 529; in council of
war, 525; follows McClellan, 535.
Loomis' Battery, Greenbrier, 92 ; in
battle of Chaplin Hills, 616.
Loring, General, his interview with
Fletcher, 116; moves toward Rom
ney, 446.
Louis, le Grand, 1 ; his politics, 423-
Louis, Philippe, his sons, 531.
Louisville, threatened and saved, 222;
threatened and saved again, 604.
Louisville Journal, on renegade Ken
tuckians, 217.
Louisville and Nashville Railroad,
blockaded, 217; a war path, re
paired, 243.
Lovejoy, Colonel, on Fremont's staff,
remains at Springfield, 184.
Lowe, Colonel, killed at Frederick-
town, 186.
Lozier, Rev. John IL, organizes a
regimental church, 265.
Lying, southern habit of, 408.
Lyon, Genera], in command of St.
Louis arsenal, 148; his efforts to
preserve peace, 150 ; pursues Price,
151; his anxiety, 152; his death,
155.
Lynchburg, prisoners at, 475 ; prison
grounds at, 476.
Lytle, Captain James N., his death,
526.
Lytle, Colonel, his noble words, 618.
Lytie's brigade, in battle of Chaplin
Hills. 617.

INDEX.

671

M.
McCalT, General, his position in the
siege of Richmond, 522; at Me-
chanicsvUle, 528 ; at Glendale, 536.
McCleUan, General, his advance, 22 ;
his diflaoulties, 35 ; his appearance,
44 ; at Buckhannon, 48 ; his report,
59 ; his forbearance, 59 ; reported
killed, 408 ; his promotion, 508 ; his
standing in public estimation, 508 ;
his mode of action, 509 ; is made
commander-in-chief, 510 ; is doubt
ed, 511; changes his plan, 512;
gives orders to move, 513; on bat
tle ground of Manassas, 513; pre
pared to go to the James, 513; em
barks, 514 ; is compared with Ni-
cias, 515 ; changes second plan,
and moves to Yorktown, 516 ; de
lays, 516 ; changes plan again, 517 ;
his unfairness, 517; his dispatch
from Yorktown, 518; his dispatch
from Williamsburg, 518; his rea
sons for continuing his present
ro"atc, 518 ; extends his Une, 518 ;
loses an opportunity, 520; finishes
his defences, 522; his quarters, 523;
entreats reinforcements, 523; wants
to write an article, 523; prepares
for advance and for retreat, 523;
moves forward, and casts off re
sponsibility, 524; his orders at Fair
Oaks, 125 ; begins change of base,
530 ; holds council of war, 530 ;
leaves Savage's Station, 533; at
Malvern Hill, 538 ; his grave, 541 ;
is ordered to unite with Pope, 572 ;
is urged to hasten, 586 ; his troops
begin to arrive, 586 ; holds back,
589.
McClernand, General, before Fort
Henry, 288 ; his position before
Donelson, 297; is attacked, 302;
holds his ground and sends for aid,
303; is driven, 304 ; his position
at ShUoh, 359; his promptness, 362;
in second day of the battle of Shi
loh, 374.
McCook, General A. McD., organizes
troops at Camp Nevin, 233 ; arrives
at Shiloh and is engaged, 373; is
promoted, 599 ; looks towards Chat
tanooga, 601; commands corps, 614;
reaches Chaplin HiUs and reports,
614. .
McCook's division, see Second divis
ion.
McCook, Brigadier General Edward

M., his family, 268 ; is promoted,
305.
McCuUoch, General, quarrels with
Price, 170; unites with Price, 175;
returns to Missouri, 1 91 ; his ap
pearance, 201 ; his death 203.
McCrea, Captain Edward T., at WUd
Cat, 245.
McDowell, receives Lincoln, 469;
concentrates his forces, 471; his
interview with the President, 511 ;
is retained for the defence of
Washington, 517; in Pope's army,
571 ; in conference with Pope, 576 :
his letter about Harter, 584; at
BuU Run, 588.
McDowell, Milroy at, 455; engage
ment at, 457.
McFarren, Louis, killed at Wild
Cat, 245.
McGinnis, General George P., his
diligence and his promotion, 275;
at ShUoh, 874.
McGrifiin, Captain, at Shiloh, 377.
McHenry, Colonel, in siege of Fort
Donelson, 307.
McHenry, Fort, guarded by Indiana
troops, 544.
Mclntire, Lieutenant Colonel William
T. B., at War Trace, 406.
Mcintosh, General, at Pea Ridge,
201 ; his death, 203.
McKinstry, General, commands di
vision in Fremont's army, 176; at
Springfield, 183.
McLean, Hon. W. E., at Camp Vigo,
138.
MoLernan, J. C, prisoner, his letter,
323.
McMillan, General James W., au
thorized to raise a regiment, 135 ;
is wounded, 559 ; goes down the
Lafourche, 567.
McMillan, John, 559.
McMinnville, skirmish near, 412.
McMullen, Captain Henry, crosses
the Tennessee in a sugar trough,
291
McMullen, Colonel John W. T., 140 ;
his popularity, 270 ; his style of
eloquence, 271.
McPherson, murdered, 4.
McReynolds, Lieutenant Colonel W.
C, 139.
Madison, its liberality, 13 ; departure
of the Forty-Sixth from, 263.
MagofSn, Governor, his politics, 218 ;
writes to the President, 219 ; exer
cises the right of veto. 221.

672

INDEX

Magruder, General, at 'Yorktown, 516;
at Fair Oaks, 525 ; in council, 527;
follows Heintzelman, 535.
Mahan, Lieutenant-Colonel John R.,
139; in expedition to Blue's Gap,
446.
Maine troops, at Baton Rouge, 550.
Majthenyi's cavalry, escorts Fre
mont, 462 ; employed as messen
gers, 572.
Malvern Hill, its situation and form,
537; army on, 538; battle of, 539.
Mann, Alexander, in prison, 123.
Manomy, Colonel James M., 140.
Mansfield, General John S., 140.
Mansfield, General J. R. ]?., on the
Twentieth, 500.
Manson, General Mahlon, his birth,
character and early career, 28; re
enters tho service, 137 ; at Logan's
cross roads, 280 ; his promotion,
395 ; at Richmond, 607 ; sends a
message to Nelson and moves for
ward, 608; his force, 609; in the
battle, 610; his opinion of the con
duct of the troops in the battle of
Richmond, Oil.
MarshaU, Humphrey, recruits in Ken
tucky, 223; threatens Nelson. 223;
holds Confederate right in Ken
tucky, 278.
Marshall, Captain George S., his pro
motion, his resignation and his
death, 209.
Martin, Dr. W. W., his efficiency,
389.
Martin, Colonel Roger, 140.
Martin, his capture, 34.
Martinsburg, Banks at, 448 ; is fright
ened, 459.
Jlason, Lieutenant, at Munfords
viUe, 603.
Mason, Colonel, his mistaken report,
452.
Mason, Commissioner, his house, 449;
his capture, 500.
Masonic Lodge, in Thirty-Ninth regi
ment, 229.
Massachusetts troops, in Baltimore,
16; enter Winchester, 437; on
Winchester Heiglits, 459 ; at Baton
Rouge, 560 ; at Slaughter Moun
tain, 575.
May, Major Isaac M., is wounded,
587 ; overlooked and deserted, 592 ;
his death, 592.
Jlfay^eJcf, rebel force at, 273; expedi
tions against, 274.

Measels, in St. Louis, 164; in Camp
Nevin, 234.
Mechanicsville, battle of, 528.
Meikel, Colonel George W., writes to
Mrs. Bassett, 526.
Meldrum, Mr. Richard, at a burial,
421.
Memphis, is threatened by Foote, 414 ;
its anxiety, 415; looks on at tho
naval combat, 416; surrenders,
417; is insulted, 417; is concilia
ted, 418; is under the command of
Fitch, 417; is entered by Union
troops, 419 ; is under the command
of Slack, 420; is exasperated, 422;
is subdued, 425.
Memphis Appeal, on Hoosiers aud
Buokeys, 61.
Memphis Argus, on Federal soldiers,
418; has new editors, 422.
Memphis Avalanche, on Federal sol
diers, 418 ; on Fitch's order, 418.
Memwhorter, Jake, his coolness, 248.
Mendenhall's battery at Shiloh, 378.
Meredith, General Solomon, author
ized to raise a regiment, 136; his
. height, 437; in battle of Gains-
viUe, 587.
Merrimac river, to be illumined by
southern camp-fires, 150.
Merrimac, vessel, rumor about, 501 ;
appears, 501 ; her fight with Cum-
land and Congress, 502 ; threatens
the Minnesota, 503 ; causes univer
sal alarm, 503; fights with the
Monitor, 504 ; her guns, 504.
Messengers, Pope's, 570.
Metcalfe's cavalry, meets Kirby
Smith, 607; meets Colonel Link,
607.
Michigan troops, in Kentucky, 226; at
Logan's cross roads, 279; on the
Constitution, 548 ; at Baton Rouge,
560.
Militia, two classes of, 72.
Miller, General John P., 137 ; his pro
fession and his position in civil life,
230 ; in command of barracks at
Nashville, 355.
MiU Spring, its situation, 278 ; Thomas
advances to, 281.
Milroy, Major General Robert II., his
age, 24 ; his education and career
previous to the war, 26; his prompts
ness in recruiting, 26 ; his daring
on Laurel Hill, 50 ; his entrance
into rebel camp, 51 ; his pursuit of
Garnett, 52 ; at Carrick's Ford, .")9 ;
is the last to stop, 58 ; on the sum-

INDEX.

673

mit of Cheat mountain, 91; his
night march, 92 ; at Greenbrier, 92;
his promotion and his activity, 94;
offends a teamster, 95 ; in command
of Cheat mountain district, 97 ; in
battle of Alleghany, 97; re-enters
the service, 137; at McDowell, 455 ;
in Fremont's corps, 456; his en
gagement at McDowell, 457; re
treats to Franklin, 458 ; at Cross
Keys, 463 ; at Slaughter mountain,
575; on the Rappahannock, 586 ;
at Groveton, 588; at Bull Run, 590;
in the retreat, 591.
Minnesota troops, in Kentucky in De
cember, 1861, 226; at Logan's cross
roads, 279.
Minnesota, ship, at Fortress Monroe,
501 ; is threatened, 503.
Minor, Capton Milton P., 141.
Mississippi troops, at HuntsviUe, 119.
Missouri, given up to slavery, 6 ; its
importance, population and posi
tion, 146 ; its action on the break
ing out of the rebellion, 147; its
perplexities, 148 ; its disturbance,
149; its struggle, 150; its condi
tion on Fremont's arrival, 153; is
taken into the ' Confederacy, 178;
soldiers' name for, 199.
Missouri Legislature, its character
and action, 148 ; its remnant 178.
Missouri troops, at Pea Ridge, 206 ;
on the La Mine, 211 ; at Paducah,
275; at Donelson, 300; at Shiloh,
374.
Mitchell, General 0. M., his char
acter, 329; his division, 329 ; ad
vances, 330; his address to his
soldiers, 331 ; pursues the enemy,
333 ; encamps near Edgefield, 333 ;
waits for BueU, 337; moves to
wards HuntsviUe, 352 ; his march,
401 ; captures railroad stock, 403 ;
compliments his troops, 409; is
complimented, but neglected by the
Government, 409; surprises Bridge
port, 411 ; his report, 411 ; his
word falsified, 597; is removed,
599.
MoccasinRangers, their character, 96;
fire on the Thirteenth, 96.
Moffet, Captain W., his capture, 573.
Monroe, Fortress' its situation, 500 ;
Twentieth at, 485; forces before,
501.
Montgomery, Commodore, at Mem
phis, 115; in naval combat, 416.
Moodey, Colonel Gideon C, volun

teers, 27; in battle of AUeghany,
97; at Shiloh, 373; transferred to
the regular army, 5S9.
Moorefield, movement from, 445.
Moreau, Captain WiUiam c'., his
company at Camp Wicklyffe, 363.
Morgan, General George, in com
mand of the Seventh division of
the Army of the Ohio, 426; is
prejudiced, 426; aUows the remo
val of the sick, 428 ; takes Cum
berland Gap, 429; abandons the
Gap, and orders the sick to be left
behind, 613.
Morgan, Brevet Brigadier General
William H., at Shiloh, 364 ; his pro
motion, 395.
Morgan, General John, skirmishes
with a party of Indiana scouts, 232;
harasses the army at NashviUe,
342; his adroitness, 342 ; near Shel-
byville, 411; is almost caught, 600;
his raid through Kentucky, 600; in
fight at Gallatin, 602.
Morrell, General, his position in the
siege of Richmond, 522.
Morris, Judge B. P., his decision in
a slave case, 5.
Morris, General Thomas A., made
Brigadier General, 15; his educa
tion and character, 28 ; at Grafton,
30 ; his attack on Philippi, 30 ; his
difficulties, 35; his vigilance, 36;
his advance to Laurel Hill, 51 ; his
pursuit of Garnett, 52 ; his thanks
to his troops, 58 ; his victory, 53 ;
his services unacknowledged, 71 ;
his withdrawal from military ser
vice, 71.
Morrison, William, his liberality, 13.
Morrison, John, one of the dead at
Springfield, 182.
Morrison, Lieutenant, recruits for
battery, 272.
Morton, Governor Oliver P., his pro
clamation calling for troops, 12;
encounters difficulties, 14; his
measures, 72 ; prevents confusion
in volunteering, 73 ; sends troops
to General Reynolds, 88; his search
for soldiers' clothing, 90 ; repre
sents to the cabinet the need of
more troops, 135; obtains atithor-
ity to accept more troops, 135; pro
cures arms, 142 ; establishes an ar
senal, 143; sends agents to relieve
suffering, 144 ; sends additional
surgeons, 145 ; his dispatch to Fre
mont, 171 ; his appointment of Mr.

674

INDEX.

Baker, 162; sends equipments to
St. Louis, 163; is criticized, 214;
has the confidence of soldiers, 260;
goes to Fort Donelson, 313; sends
stores and surgeons to Pittsburg,
397 ; visits Indiana regiments, 397;
his tribute to Professor Fletcher,
397 ; his efforts to relieve the For
ty-Ninth, 428; his present, 557;
his votes, 629 ; is declared elected,
629 ; appoints peace commissioners,
638 ; his proclamation calling for
six regiments, 638 ; calls the legis
lature in special session, 639 ; his
message to the legislature in special
session, 641.
Morton battery, see Sixth battery.
Morton, Camp, once a camp meeting
ground, 15; becomes a military
school, 16; becomes a prison, 317;
its situation, size and character,
318 ; its want of conveniences, and
its improvement, 319; largest
number of prisoners in, 327;
greatest number of deaths in, 327;
its guards, 326.
Morton Rifles, see Thirty-Fourth
regiment.
Mother, waiting for tidings, 34; gives
up her son, 484 ; of eight soldiers,
593; like time, 470; follows her
sons, 324; last thought of the
dying, 313.
Mountaineers, their patriotism, 96;
homesick, 249 ;' joy among, 430.
Mount Jackson, Confederates on, 450.
Mulbarger, G., one of Wallace's
scouts, 65 ; in skirmish on Patter
son's Creek, 66.
Muldraugh's Hill, 223; arrival of
Indiana troops at, 228.
Mullen, Harrison, is lamed and dis
charged, 593; re-enlisted and is
wounded, 593.
Mullen, Mrs,,*her patriotism and her
loneliness, 593.
Mullen, Colonel Barnard F., guards
prisoners, 327.
Mulligan, Colonel, demands reinforce
ments, 170; surrenders, 171.
Muncie, soldier's pay sent to, 263.
MunfordsviUe, arrival of McCook's
advance at, 234 ; arrival of the
Second division at, 239 ; its situa
tion, vicinity and railroad bridge,
239 ; its fortifications attacked and
captured, 603,
Munson's Hill, Confederates at, 510.
Murder, first, in Indianapolis, 4 ; last,

by chain-gang, 4; of James Fox, 191;
of stave, 213.
MarfreesboTo, captured, 601 ; recap
tured, 599.
Murray, reached by reconnoitering
party, 285.
MurreU, John A., died too soon, 232.
MurreU, Mrs., entertains Confeder
ates, 232; scolds Union troops,
233.

N.

Nashville, rejoicing in, 336 ; conster
nation in, 336; confusion in, 337;
its aspect from the river, 338 ; dis
play of welcome in, 339 ; capitol
of, 339 ; is entered by Union troops,
341 ; women of, 342 ; is full of
spies, 342 ; activity in, 343 ; under
Dumont, 600.
Naval battle, before Memphis, 416.
Naylor, Charles A., 141 ; his charac
ter, 571.
Nebraska troops, in siege of Donelson,
301 ; at ShUoh, 374.
Negley, General, his brigade, 233;
detached from Army of the Ohio,
356; at Columbia, 411; his expedi
tion to Florence, 412; his demon
stration on Florence, 412 ; retreats,
413.
Negro, welcome at Fort Henry, 290 ;
little gii-1 at Columbia, 498 ; likes
the eagle, 547 ; welcomes the Thir
ty-Third, 243 ; finds refuge in Fre
mont's army, 183; feeds an escaped
prisoner, 478 ; murdered in Galla
tin, 152 ; murdered in Missouri,
215; turned back into slavery, 274;
not given up by General Smith, '
275.
Negroes, in Fremont's army, 183 ; at
LaMine Cantonment, 213; deliv
ered into captivity, 404; Fitch's
order about, 419; HaUeck's order
about, 274 ; give food to an escaped
prisoner, 479 ; give food and clothes
to an escaped prisoner, 480; their
manner of escape on the James,
505.
Nelly, her case, 5.
Nelson, General, forms Camp Dick
Robinson, 219; is relieved, 221; is
sent to the Big Sandy, 222 ; is
threatened, 223; arrives at Shiloh
and rages at fugitives, 370 ; his sug
gestion, 371; forms his line and
advances, 375; thanks the Ninth,

INDEX,

675

379 ; makes a man eat pies, 598 ;
in command in Central Kentucky,
606 ; sends troops forward, 607 ;
reaches Richmond battle-ground,
610 ; his conduct in battle, 610 ; is
wounded and escapes, 610; is kill
ed, 605
Neosha, Confederates at, 178; legis
lature at, 178.
Nevin, Mr., 232.
Nevin, Camp, 232 ; its activity, 233 ;
sickness in, 234.
Newburg, plundered, 601.
New Haven, Thirty-Second regiment
at, 231; large force at, 261.
New Madrid, its situation and forti
fications, 347; defended by gun
boats, 343 ; cannonaded, 348 ; aban
doned by Confederates and taken
by Federals, 349.
Newman, Captain Jacob, wounded at
Shiloh, 367.
New Orleans, battle of, 550; its sur
render, 551 ; its reception of But
ler, 551.
Newport News, forces before, 501.
New Year's address, 390.
New York Herald, on General Hovey,
423.
Nicias, like McClellan, 515; his
grave, 541.
Nicklin, Captain Ben. S., 141.
Nicknames, Beauregard on, 354; ap
plied to prisoners, 474; used by
Kentucky women, 262.
Night march to Philippi, 31 ; Laurel
HiU, 47.
Ninth Regiment, its character, 29;,
its departure for the field, 29 ; ar
rival at Grafton, 30 ; its march to
Philippi, 31; its attack on PhUip-
pi, 32 ; its pursuit of Rebels, 33 ;
incident in, 34 ; its impatience, 46 ;
its march to Laurel Hill, 47; its
daring 50 ; march to Rebel camp,
52; in pursuit, 52; at Carrick's
Ford, 56; at Laurel Hill, 60; its
return, 70; in West Virginia
again, 88; its sufferings 91; its
march to Greenbrier, 92 ; in battle
of Alleghany, 97; its reorganiza
tion, 137; leaves Virginia, 335;
in Nelson's division, 336; brig
aded, 336, its position at Shiloh,
377; is warmly engaged, 378; is
thanked, 379; in Buell's long
march, 595; drives Bragg's rear
out of DanviUe, 625 j in skirmish
at Wild Cat, 625.

Ninth battery, its organization, 141 ;
its position at Shiloh, 375 ; its ac
tion, 376 ; its loss, 383.
Nineteenth regiment, its formation,
136 ; in Virginia, 431 ; leaves In-
dian.a, 437; at Washington, 437;
in skirmish, 437 ; is brigaded, 437 ;
its first year, 571 ; its expedition to
injure the Central railroad, 573; at
Gainesville, 587; its losses, 588; at
Bull Run, 591.
Noble Rifles, see Fifty-Ninth regi
ment.
Noblesville, its liberality, 13.
Noblet, Captain Thomas W., is com
mended, 565.
Norfolk, prisoners in, 49 ; surrenders,
505 ; its appearance, 506.
Norfolk Harbor, boats in, 501.
Norris, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles
E., his education and early career,
267.
North river, 464.

0.

Ogden, Sergeant, at Mrs. Murrell's,
233.
Oglesby, General, his position in siege
of Donelson, 302.
Ohio, its encouragement of Indiana
troops, 30.
Ohio river, guarded, 63.
Ohio troops, at Rich Mountain, 53;
in affair at Greenbrier, 93 ; in
march to Laurel Hill, 47 ; in battle
of Alleghany, 97; in expedition
against Huntersville, 100 ; in Ken
tucky, in December of 1861, 226;
at Wild Cat, 245; in the retreat
from London, 251; at Logan's
Cross Roads, 279; in siege of
Donelson, 301; at Shiloh, 371; at
Blues' Gap, 446; .at Winchester
Heights, 452; at Port RepubUc,
466; captured, 474; in battle of
Richmond, 607.
Olmstead, Captain G., his death, 624.
Opportunity, at Port Republic, 464;
to enter Richmond, 520.
Orchards, battle of the, 525.
Orth, Hon. G. S., is nominated Peace
Commissioner, 638.
Osage River, its character, 179 ; is
bridged, 179.
Osborn, Colonel John, is separated
from his regiment, 304 ; is pro
moted, 599.
Osceola, Price at, 178.

676

INDEX.

Osterhaus, Colonel, • at Pea Ridge,
202.
OtterviUe, described, 212.
Otto, Judge William T., is proposed
as Commissioner to Peace Conven
tion, 644, is appointed, 638.
Owen, Robert, 327.
Owen, Colonel Richard, his parent
age and character, 327; plans
Cheat Mountain fortifications, 78 ;
in skirmish, 82; is promoted, 140;
guards Camp Morton, 327; at rail
road bridge near MunfordsviUe 604,
Owl, its cry, 41.
Owl creek, bounds Shiloh, 358.
Oxenstiern, Chancellor, quoted, 224.

Paducah, force at, 169; coveted by
Polk, 220; its importance, 220;
siczed by Grant, 220 ; its condition,
273; its fortifications, 273; is
threatened by rebels, 274 ; hospi
tals, 276.
Prince's division, 395. ,
Palmer, General, moves to the relief
of the guard before New Madrid,
348 ; at Riddle Point, 249 ; moves
towards Memphis, 414.
Palmerston, Lord, on injuries, 492.
Panther Island, 286.
Parker, Colonel, captured, 214.
Parkersburg, cavalry quartered in,
101.
Parsons' battery.
Party spirit, 5, 6.
Patterson, General, during the battle
of BuU Run, 70.
Patterson, Lieutenant, at Shiloh, 366.
Patterson's creek, fight at, 69.
Pattison, Colonel Thomas, his birth
and training, 158 ; at Pea Ridge,
203; at BatesvUle, 209; resigns,
209.
Patriotism, its sudden development
and universality, 11; its earnest
ness, 141 ; Thomas on, 142 ; among
wounded, 213 ; on the Essex, 290 ;
on the shores of Tennessee, 292.
Peace Convention, held, 8 ; resolutions
of the Indiana legislature on, 635 ;
commissioners nominated for, 637 ;
commissioners appointed by the
Governor, 038.
Pea Ridge, described, 200.
Pea Ridge, battle of, 203 ; losses In,
206 ; result of, 207.
Pegram, Colonel, his surrender, 55.

Pendleton, Camp, 261.
Pendleton, General, 443.
Pennsylvania troops, in Kentucky,
December, 1861, 226 ; in battle of
Winchester Heights, 453 ; in Banks
retreat, 459; at Fair Oaks, 519;
at GaUatin, 602.
Peppinger, Corporal, carries General
Williams from the field, 564.
PerryviUe, its situation, 615 ; battle
of, see Chaplin Hills.
Phelps, Captain, goes up the Tennes
see, 291; his success, 292.
Phillippi, its situation, 30; its recep
tion of Union troops, 33 ; its re
sumption of business, 102.
Picayune Butler, favorite of New
Orleans, 552.
Picket guards, among the mountains,
89.
Pietzuch, Captain Joseph, commands
pioneers, 234.
Pike, Albert, at Pea Ridge, 202 ; his .
character and poetry, 202.
Pillow, General, at New Madrid, 154;
on the edge of Kentucky, 202 ; in
Fort Donelson, 295 ; his duty in
an assault, 302; attacks MoCler
nand's division, 302 ; his despatch
to NashviUe, 305, 306; in council
of war, 309 ; resigns and escapes,
310; joins Beauregard, 352.
Pillow, Fort, its situation, 414 ; its
bombardment, 414; is entered, 415.
PinevUle, Price makes a, stand at,
178.
Pioneers, organized by WUlich, 231 ,
make bridges, 234; disbanded;
334.
Piraeus, scene on the, 514.
Pittsburg, gunboat, its helm split,
301; runs the batteries of No. 10,
350.
Pittsburg Landing, its situation, 358 ;
battle of, see Shiloh.
Plummer, Colonel, at Fredericktown,
186.
Politicians of the South, 9.
Polk, General, on the Mississippi,
220 ; covets Paducah, 220 ; takes
Hickman and Columbus, 220 ; joins
Beauregard, 352 ; his character,
352 ; his position at Shiloh, 360 ;
his position at PerryviUe, 615;
commands the army during the bat
tle, 615.
Pollard, 'his opinion of Nashville
women, 348 ; on Beauregard's
army, 353 ; on Butler, 566 ; on the

INDEX.

677

field of BuU Run, 592 : on Pope's
retreat, 592.
Pope, General John, in Northern Mis
souri, 154, 170 ; his promise to Fre
mont, 171 ; in march to Springfield,
183 ; on the railroad, 190; his War
rensburg expedition, 192 ; his re
port, 194; moves down the Mis
sissippi, 346 ; arrives in the vicin
ity of New Madrid, 346; sends to
Cairo for siege guns, 347; makes
preparations to attack New Madrid,
347; begins attack, 368; cuts a
canal, 350 ; requests a gunboat,
350; receives the surrender of the
Confederate army, 351; at Pitts
burg Landing, 394; feeling of
troops for, 396 ; joins HaUeck, 414 ;
takes command of the Army of
Virginia, 669 ; gives general of
fence, 559 ; advances, 573 ; at
Slaughter mountain, 575; advances
to the Rapidan, 5'i'6; in Reno's
tent, 576 ; his examination of a
spy, 582 ; orders a retreat, 583 ; his
position on the North Fork, ,585 ;
keeps the enemy back, 586; his
rear gained, 586 ; at Bull Run, 589;
onnounces a victory, 589 ; his dis
tress, 589 ; explains the necessity
for retreat, 591.
Porter, Captain W. D., before Port
Henry, 289.
Porter, Rev. William C, brings in
pickets, 488; his fidelity, 491.
Porter, General, in battle of Gaines'
Mill, 529; in council, 530; guards
the ,tjrain, 535; at Malvern Hill,
538.
Port Republic, its situation, 464 ; bat
tle of, 466.
Potomac river, burial on, 68 ; all quiet
on, 435; its source, 441 ; separates
Banks and Jackson, 460 ; is block
aded, 511 ; as part of a striking
scene, 514.
Fowhite creek, battle on, see Gaines'
Mill.
Prairie Scouts, take Lexington, 175;
near Springfield, 180, 182.
Preachers, their influence on Indiana
character, 3 ; in military ofEce, 140;
their number in the Fifty-Seventh,
270.
Prentiss, General, at Cairo, 153; his
position at Shiloh, 359; is sur
prised, 361 ; sends for aid, 362; is
44

captured, 366; presence of mind,
588.
Price, General Sterling, his appoint
ment, 151 ; is routed, 151 ; pursues
Sigel, 151; near Springfield, 154;
on WUson's Creek, 155; loses
half his army, 170; recruits, 170;
beseiges Lexington, 171; retreats'
to the Osage, 175; at Osceola, at
Stockton, at Neosho, and at Pine
vUle, 178; returns to Springfield,
191; retreats to Arkansas, 198;
- pursues Sigel to Pea Ridge, 200;
gains Curtis' rear, 201 ; his posi
tion at Pea Ridge, 201 ; holds his
ground, 204.
Price, J. Urner, his death, 94.
Prisoners, Union, are insulted, 110,
116, 126; their rations, 130; their
march from Port Republic, 473 ;
hide the flag, 474; their rations,
475; their prison at Lynchburg,
476; in jail, 495; shot, 493; in
the streets of Columbia, 496 ; in
State prison, 496 ; their rations at
Columbia, 496 ; their condition bo-
fore Richmond, 540; are robbed,
625.
Prisoners, guarded by Bracken Ran
gers, 76 ; taken by Thirteenth, 96 ;
taken in the Warrensburg expedi
tion, 194; their hate of abolition
ists, 248 ; th,eir conduct at Fort
Donelson, 313; are objects of curi
osity, 316; arrive in IndianapoUs,,
317; their appearance, 317; their
rations, hospitals and medical at
tendance, 319 ; their sickness, 320 ;
their letters, 322 ; their visitors,
323; their spirit, 325; their privi
leges, 326 ; their cousinly feelings,
326 ; their coming and going con
trasted, 327.
Proclamation of the President calling:
for seventy-five thousand, 12, 646 ;;
of Governor Morton, for six regi
ments, 639 ; of McCleUan in West
Virginia, 22 ; of General Thomp
son exhorting Missourians, 150; of
General Thompson threatening Fre
mont, 168; of Fremont, 166; of the-
Governor of Arkansas, 345; of the-
Governor of Tennessee, 345 ; of the-
Governor of Mississippi, 345 ; of
McCleUan on his departure for the-
Peninsula, 513.
Pulaski, Negley at, 412.
Pulver, his escape, 85.
Purdy, expedition to, 39S.

678

INDEX.

Queen, torn to pieces, 216.
Quota of Indiana under the first call,
12.

R.

Rabb, Captain David Gj, 140.
Rabb's battery, see Second battery.
Railroad regiment, see Fifty-Second
regiment.
Raisin river. General Coombs' refer
ence to, 243.
Randall, Eli, his courage, 611.
Randolph county, its wildness, 20.
Randolph, Fort, is abandoned, 415.
Rankin, Lieutenant, recruits for bat
tery, 272.
Ray, Rev. Edwin, his eloquence, 3.
Ray, 'Colonel John AV., 139; his posi
tion in •civil life, his education and
character, 2J0 ; ills <care of his reg-
ment, 426; his efforts to relieve
suffering, 428.
Ray, Peter, a prisoner, his letter,
323.
Read, Dr. Ezra, his courage, and his
arithmetic, 564.
Read, Mrs., her charity and her dis
like of laziness, 326.
Reed, Lieutenant Colonel Alfred, in
the retreat from Chickamacomico,
489 ; in fight with the Merrimac,
503; at Glendale, 537; is captur
ed, 537.
Reed, William, is wounded and cap
tured, 537; dies, 537.
Regiments, their numbering, 15.
Regular troops, ordered to leave Mis
souri, 152.
Reno, General, joins the Army of
Virginia, 576; in conference with
Pope, 576 ; guards the river, 591.
Republican, party, its formation, 6;
its sentiments, 627.
Rerick, Dr. John H., his faithful
ness, 387.
Reynolds, Captain WiUim B., in
fight with the Merrimao, 50S.
Reynolds, Genera'l Joseph J., his ap
pointment, 72 ; his education, 72 ;
on Cheat Mountain, 76 ; his labors,
78; his vigilance, 82, 87; commu
nicates witi the Summit, 86 ; forces
Lee to retreat, 87; requests rein
forcements, 88 ; reconnoitres Camp
Barton, 91 ; leaves Webster, 102.
Rbeinlander, Major John, skirmishes

before Fort Donelson, 298 ; is first
over the wall, 311.
Richardson, General, his position in
the siege of Richmond, 522; holds
the intrenchments, 532.
Richmond, Virginia, its siege com
menced, 520; is alarmed, 521; re
joices, 580.
Richmond, Kentucky, battle of, 607 ;
forces engaged, 609 ; conduct of
troops in, 611; responsibility of,
612.
Rich mountain, its name, 105 ; battle
of, 54.
Ricketts' division, 571.
Riddle's Point, is attacked, 349; is
successfully defended, 351.
Rifle-pits, their construction, 294,
Rip-Raps, sol.
Roanoke, ship, before the Rip-Raps,
501.
Robinson, Colonel M. S., at Biddle's
Point, '349.
Robinson, Johny, his daring at Shi
loh, 386.
Robinson, Major, his expedition, 66.
Robinson, old, 404.
Robinson, J. T., his letter, 322.
Robinson's brigade, in battle of the
Orchards, 525; at 'Glendale, 536;
at Bull Run, 588.
Rockbridge cavalry, at Huntersville,
118.
Rockcastle Hills, their situation, 243.
Rock river, delays Schoeipf'^s brigade,
252.
Rogers' (?op, 425.
Rogers, Rev. John D., his goodness,
386.
Rogers, B. H., his letter, 323.
Rohrbach, Mrs., a specimen of Vir
ginia women, 38.
Rolling Fork, its bridge destroyed,
223 ; is no obstacle, 223.
Romney, its situation, 64 ; expedition
to, 64 ; Union force at, 444; Lander
hastens from, 447; is taken by
rebels, 447.
Rose Colonel Garland D., 139.
Rose Hill, 193.
Rosecrans, General, his appearance,
444 in the battle of Rich. Moun
tain, -53.; goes to the Kanawha, 75 ;
at Clarksburg, 432; his march to
the Gauley, 432 ; his figlit on the
Gauley, 433 ; fortifies himself, 433 ;
i attacks Floyd, 434.
Ross, Cherokee chief, at Pea Ridge,
202.

INDEX,

679

Honsseau, General Lo-vell, his activi
ty and loyalty, 219; enters Ken
tucky, 222 ; marches through
Louisville, 223 ; wades the Rolling
Fork, 224; in command of the
army, 225; moves to Nolin, 229;
his brigade, 232 ; at Shiloh, 379 ;
succeeds Mitchell. 599 ; advances
towards Chaplin river and ar
ranges his line, 616; in battle of
ChapUn Hills, 616.
Rowlet's Station, engagement of, 235;
inscribed on the banner of the
Thirty-Second, 238.
iRoy, Major AVilliam, gathers crops,
558; is attacked by guerrillas.
558.
Ruggles, General, 355.
Rust, Colonel, his movements, 81.
Kyan, Lieutenant-Colonel Richard J.,
-disappoints General Donelson, 121.

S.

Sacks, Lieutenant Max, his daring
and death, 236.
St. Lawrence, before the Rip-Raps, 501.
St. Louis, its population, 147 ; its con
dition, 14-9 ; its reception of Fre
mont, 183.
St. Louis, gunboat, before Fort Henry,
287 ; in the attack on Fort Henry,
288; in the siege of Donelson, 301.
St. Phillip, Fort, 550.
Saltzman, Captain George W., skir
mishes in the siege of Donelson,
298 ; his courage at Shiloh and his
death, 364.
Sanderson, Colonel William L., 136;
at Paducah, 273 ; at Shiloh, 374.
Sandford, Rev. A. W., quoted, 162, 190.
Saunders, Captain James W., sent out
to scout, 406.
Savannah, Tennessee, its size, 358;
the quarters of Grant, 358; becomes
depot for stores, 358 ; is a great
liospital, 384.
Savage's Station, 519 ; plam near,,532 ,
army concentrated near, 532 ; bat
tle of, 532. .
lavage, Colonel, tries prisoners, 122,
visits prisoners, 126. _
Sawyer, Rev. Samuel W., preaches m
Memphis, 419. , ,, t. n
Schenck, General, 456; at McDowell,
457; at Groveton, 588.
Schmidt, Major Carl, at Rowletts
Station, 236.
Schoepf, General, assumes command

at Wild Cat, 245 ; moves to London,
249; gives his attention to Mar
shall, 278 ; meets General Thomas,
279; at Chaplin Hills, 618.
Sohulz, Allen, is suffocated, 195.
Schurz, General, at Groveton, 588.
Scott, General, his dislike of innova
tion, 136 ; his orders to Fremont,
178 ; removes Fremont and makes
Hunter commander of the Western
Army, 183; is practically super
seded, 508.
Scott, Captain, harasses Union army,
342.
Scouts, their activity in Western
Virginia, 36; story of two, 10.2;
enter Lexington, 175; their fight
round Morrell's House, 231 ; their
activity in Kentucky, 266.
Scribner, General Benjamin F., 138 ;
before Chattanooga, 413.
Second Battery of Artillery, its or
ganization, 140; in camp of in
struction, 272.
Second Cavalry regiment, its forma
tion, 138; makes a long stay in
Indianapolis, 266; its of&cers, 267;
leaves Indianapolis, 269 ; its route,
269; its duties at -Green River,
269; in Wood's division, 335; in
BueU's long march, -596; in fights
with Morgan, 602.
Second division of Army of the Ohio,
its organization, 233; at Camp
Nevin, 234; advanced to Mun
fordsviUe, 238 ; encamped at Mun
fordsvUle, 239; its condition -on
Green River, 240; excitement in,
333 ; marches towards Donelson,
333 ; at Upton, 333 ; is disappoint
ed, 333 ; marches to Bell's Tavern,
334; repairs railroad, 334; moves to
Camp Rousseau, 334^ crosses Bar
ren river, 334; encampsatEdgefield,
334; alarmed by guerrillas, 343;
bridges Duck river, 356; its posi
tion at Shiloh, 373; near the
church, 381; changes in, 699; on the
Frankfort road, 624 ; at Dog Walk,
624.
Second infantry regiment, its conduct
at Buena Vista defended, 62.
Secretary of War, orders of, 136.
Sedalia, is in possession of Union
troops, 175.
Sedgwick, General, his position in
the siege of Richmond, 522 ; holds
intrenchments, 532; guards the

680'

INDEX,

Quaker road, 536 ; at Glendale,
536,
Seely, Lieutenant Charles B., is com-
mended^ 565.'
Sentinel, rebel, his kindness, 122.
Seven Days' Battle, begins, 525; ends,
539.
Seventh battery of artUlery, 141 ; in
Buell's army, 335.
Seventh division of the Army of the
Ohio, is concentrated at Cumber
land Ford, 426 ; reconnoitres the
region round Cumberland Gap, 427;
makes an attack, 428 ; crosses and
recrosses the mountains, 429; takes
possession of Cumberland Gap, 429;
its condition and its retreat, 613.
Seventh regiment of infantry, leaves
Indianapolis, 29; its journey, 30;
its march to Philippi, 31 ; its pur
suit of rebels, 33 ; its impatience
at Philippi, 46 ; its march to Laurel
Hill, 47 ; skirmishes, 48 ; enters the
enemy's camp, 51; pursues Garnett,
52; fights at Carrick's Ford, 56;
returns to Laurel Hill, 60 ; returns
to- Indianapolis, 70 ; is reorganized,
136; is hurried to the field, 88;
marches to Greenbrier 92 ; its con
duct at Greenbrier, 92; loses its
banner, 94 ; leaves the mountains,
444',; is isolated and on guard, 447 ;
retreats, 447 ; goes to Bloomery
Gap,. 448 ; in the battle of Win
chester Heights, 443 ; pursues Jack
son up the Shenandoah, 464 ; -ifl the
battle of Port Republic, 466 ; in the
Army of Virginia, 571 ; at Slaugh
ter mountain, 575; at Bull Run,
589.
Seventeenth battery of artiUery, 141.
Seventeenth regiment, its camp of
rendezvous, 72 ; its transference
from the State to- the United States
service, 73 ; arrives at the Cheat
mountains, 82 ; skirmishes, 86 ; its
reduced condition, 92 ; in the battle
of Greenbrier, 92 ; removes to Ken
tucky, 261 ; its marches and labors
in Virginia, 261 ; its manner of
living in Virginia, 261; assigned
to Nelson's division, 261 ; marches
to Camp Wickliffe, 262; in BueU's
long march, 595; at MunfordsviUe,
603.
Seventieth regiment, hurried to Ken
tucky, 606.
Seventy-First regiment,, in. Army of
theOliioj 576.

Seventy-Second, in Army of the Ohio,,
596.
Seventy-Third, in Army of the OhiOr
596.
Seventy-Fourth, in Army of the Ohio,.
596 ; at Munfords-ville, 603.
Seventy-Eighth, in Army of the Ohio,.
596; at MunfordsviUe, 603.
Seventy-Ninth, in Army of the Ohio,
596.
Shackleford, Colonel, in sige of Don
elson, 307.
Shafer, Lieutenant, 131.
ShankUn, Lieutenant-Colonel James,
describes the journey up the Cum
berland, 337; describes the ent
rance into Nashville, 338; relates
the movements of his regiment,
403 ; is indignant, 404 ; his ac
count of the fight at War Trace,
405; sendsforreinforcements, 407;:
is at Shelbyville, 407 ; describes
the country, 408 ; on the character
of .the gentleman, 409; his letter
about the battle of Chaplin HillSf
620.
Shanks, Colonel J. P. C, on Fre
mont's staff, 169; remains with
Hunter, 183.
Sharp shooters, a regiment of, 138 ;
in the siege of Donelson, 300.
Sharra, Captain Abraham, his pro
motion, 434.
Sharra's cavalry becomes the escort
of Fremont, 434; is Sigel's es
cort, 572 ; Pope's escort and mes
sengers, 571.
Shelbyville, made a depot of supplies,
401 ; Forty-Second at, 405.
Shell Mound, hill at, 412.
Shenandoah river, its source, 441.
Sherman,. General W. T., carries
orders' to' Camp Jo. Holt, 222;
marches to meet Buekner, 223 ;
assembles an army on Muldraugh's
Hill, 223.; succeeds Anderson, 224;
his view of Kentucky, 224 ; is
visited and inspected, 225; is re
ported and disgraced, 225 ; his po
sition at Shiloh, 359 ; his narrow
escapes, 362; sends for aid, 362;
in conference with Grant, 368 ; in
the second day of Shiloh, 374; his
line broken, 377; his severity at
Memphis, 423.
Shields, General, succeeds Lander,
448 ; pursues Jackson, 449 ; falls
back to Winchester, 450 ; is wound-

INDEX.

ed, 450 ; in conference with Banks,
452.
^Shields' division, joins Banks, 448 ;
marches to Falmouth, 456 ; marches
back to tho valley, 461 ; hastens up
the Shenandoali, 463; its labors,
character and condition, 468.
¦Shiloh, topography of, 358; church
of, 388.; selected by Smith for an
enoampmout, 358; without de-
fenses,.359 ; after the battle, 385.
.Shiloh, battle of, is heard by the Army
of thovOhio, 357; position of forces
in, 358; surprise aud confusion of,
361; its desperation, 366; troops
engaged, 366; Grant everywhere
in, 336-; close of the fii-st day of,
368 ; prospect of, 368 ; the wound
ed and fugitives of, 369.; artUlerj
makes a stand, 370 ; BueU arrives,
370; Wallace arrives, 370; night
<>n, 371; begins on the 7th, 375;
Us progress, 377 ; its numbers, 382;
Federal and Confederate losses in,
382; Indiana's loss in, 384; day
after the, 384 ; tho field after the,
385; incidents in, 386 ; courage<if
rebels in, 387; its results, 387; re
marks on, 389 ; ballad about, 390.
¦Ship Island, its size, 549 ; its dreari
ness, 549.
.Shuuk, General David, at Pea Ridge,
204.
.Shyvers, Captain, compliments his
prisoners, 497.
¦Sibley tents, anxiously desired in
Missouri, 195 ; obtained at Mun
fordsviUe, 240 ; their inconve
nience, 275.
.Sickness, in Fremont's army after _its
return to the Pacific railroad, 191;
among the troops at Gamp Nevin,
234; in London, 249; at Crab
Orchard, 253; among all the troops
in Kentucky, 276; among die Don
elson prisoners, 320; in the army
before Corinth, 3,94.
¦Sigel, General, his retreat from Price,
151 ; position in Fremont's army,
176; reaches the Osage, 178; ad
vises Zagonyi, 180; is beyond
Springfield, 183; is recalled, 185;
at St. Louis, 190; in Curtis' army,
197; near BentonvUle, 199; re
treats to Pea Ridge, 200; his posi-
Uonat Pea Ridge, 200; in Pope's
.army, 571 ; sends a spy to Bich-
anond, 577; letter from, 583; de

fends the Rappahannock, 585 ; in
the battle of Groveton, 588.
Sigel's division, on the march, 176;
on the Osage, 178; across the Osage,
180 ; position near BentonvUle.
199. '
Sill, General Joshua, is in Mitchell's
division, 329; protects Negley's
right, 412 ; commands the second
division, 624.
Sill's division, see second division.
Simonson, Captain, 141 ; recruits for
his battery, 272; before HuntsviUe,
402.
Simonson's battery, see Fifth battery.
Singing, in pursuit of Garnett, 56 ; its
effect on a prisoner, 128 ; -comforts
rejected volunteers, 185; on the
field of ShUoh, 386 ; by moonlight
in an encampment, 485; on a ship
in a storm, 486.
Sixth battery of artiUery, its organi
zation, 141 ; its character and first
movements, 272; its action in the
battle of Shiloh, 361 ; its casualties
at Shiloh, 383.
Sixth division, at Bardstown, 334 ;
Indiana soldiers in, 333; moves to
wards Bowling-Green, 334; arrives
at Bowling Green, 335 ; arrives at
ShUoh, 381.
Sixth regiment, leaves Indiana, 29,;
its colou'.'l, 24; its fife major, 29;
its journey through Ohio, 30 ; its
march to Philippi, 31 ; its impa
tience at Philippi, 46; its mimic
battle, 46 ; marches to Laurel HiU,
47 ; skirmishes, 48 ; pursues -Gar
nett, 52; at Carrick's Ford, 56; re
turns to Indiana, 70; hastens to
Kentuckj', 227; recievesaflagfrom
LouisviUe ladies, 328; its advance
enters EUzabethtown, 229; is or
ganized, 229; is brigaded, 233 ; its
position at Shiloh, 374; is under
fire, 379 ; its loss at Shiloh, 383.
Sixteenth battery, 141 ; in Army of
Virginia, 571 ; at Slaughter moun
tain, 574 ; on the Rappahannock,
585.
Sixteenth regiment, camp of rendez
vous, 72 ; in Virginia, 431 ; leaves
Indiana, 436 ; term of service, 434;
its colonel, 436 ; is brigaded, 436 ;
on the Potomac, 436 ; at Snicker's
Gap, 449; at Aldie, 449; at Ball's
Bluff, 511 ; in Army of the Ohio,
596; advanced to meet Kirby Smith,

682

INDEX.

607; in battle of Richmond, 609;
its loss, 611.
Sixtieth regiment, guards Camp Mor
ton while it is forming, 327; its
place of rendezvous, 140; in the
Army of the Ohio, 596.
Sixty-First regiment, guards Camp
Morton, 327 ; is merged in the
Thirty-Fifth, 140; completes the
Thirty-Fifth, 602.
Sixty-Second regiment, is partially
recruited, 139; is merged in the
Fifty-Third, 827
Sixty-Third, its camp of rendezvons
aud its early services, 140 ; guards
prisoners, 327; in the Army of Vir
ginia, 571.
Sixty-Fourth regiment, is counter
manded, 140.
Sixty-Fifth, its organization, 140 ; in
the Army of the Ohio, 596.
Sixty-Sixth regiment, its organiza
tion, 140 ; in the Army of the Ohio,
596 ; moves towards Kirby Smith,
607; in the battle of Richmond, 609.
Sixty-Seventh, in the Army of the
Ohio, 596 ; at MunfordsviUe, 603.
Sixty-Ninth, in the Army of the Ohio,
596 ; advanced to meet Kirby
Smith, 607 ; in the battle of Rich
mond, 609 ; its losses at Richmond,
611.
Skeen, Attorney, examines a pris
oner, 121.
Slack, General James R., 139; his
position in civil life, 262 ; wants
every man to carry his gun, 348 ;
arrives at Memphis, 419; assumes
command, 420; exasperates Mcm-
phian.s, 422.
Slaughter, Hon. T. C, appointed com
missioner to peace convention, 638.
Slaughter's mountain, battle of, 574.
Slavery, change of feeling in regard
to, 6, 8; its delights, 213.
Sleep, under batteries, 93.
Slemmer, Major, commends Indiana
troops, 95.
Slidell, Commissioner, his capture,
500.
Slocum, General, his position in the
siege of Richmond, 522 ; holds in
trenchments, 532 ; guards the road,
536.
Smith, Caleb B., proposed as peace
commissioner, 634 ; appointed, 638.
Smith, Colonel James M., 139; his
position in civil life, 296.
Smith, Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin

H., reconnoitres, 487; his perilous
undertaking, 493.
Smith, John R., his patriotism and
death, 50.
Smith, James R., his death, 207.
Smith, General Charles P., his disci
pline at Paducah, 273; refuses to
be a slave-hunter, 274; makes a
reconnoissance to Calloway Ferry,
284 ; his position before Fort Don
elson, 297 ; prepares-to storm rebel
works, 307; makesthe assault, 308;
enters the fort, 310; occupies
Clarksville, 338 ; selects Pittsburg
Landing for an encampment, 358;
his death, 359.
Smith, General William P., his posi
tion in the siege of Richmond, 522 ;
hold intrenchments, 532.
Smith, Colonel, before Donelson, 306 ;
his position at Shiloh, 374.
Smith, General B. Kirby, at Cumber
land Gap, 412; at Chattanooga,
413; goes to Knoxville, 497; en
ters Kentucky, 605 ; meets Manson,
509; threatens Cincinnati, 612;
moves towards Frankfort, 012.
Southern people, in classes, 9 ; their
hate and falsehood, 408.
Southwick, Lieutenant, atShiloh, 377.
South Carolina, its secession, 10; a
friend in, 49'7.
South river, 464.
Spaulding, S. R., carries the Twen
tieth, 486 ; its employment, 492 ;
arrives with clothing, 493 ; arrives
with orders, 494.
Spiceley, Colonel William T., his pro
motion, 395.
Spears, General, 426.
Springer, Austin D., his diary, 470;
captured, 473 ; at Ivy station, 474;
at Charlottesville and Lynchburg,
475; escapes, 477; rejoins his reg
iment, 482.
Springfield, its welcome to Fremont's
troops, 181 ; its patriotism, 182 ; its
improved condition, 182 ; its aban
donment, 185 ; is re-entered by
Price, 191.
Springfield armory, muskets produced
by, 73.
Spy, story of, 577.
Standart's battery, at Wild Cat, 246.
Stanley's division, 395 ; moves to
wards Memphis, 414.
Stanton, Edwin M., 428; described
by a soldier, 469 ; visits Norfolk,
506,

INDEX.

683

Starkweather's brigade, at Chaplin
Hills, 616.
Star Spangled Banner, on entering
Arkansas, 199; on the Cumberland,
296 ; on entering Winchester, 449.
Staunton, pioneers in, 132 ; is threat
ened, 455 ; Jackson at, 456.
Steedman, in the march to Philippi,
31.
Steele, Colonel Asbury, 137; his pro
fession, 281.
Steele, General George K., 138 ; his
occupation in civil life, 264.
Stephens, Mrs., her hospitality, 40.
Stevenson, an important position, 352 ;
is captured, 403 ; is held by "Union
troops, 413.
Stewart, Lieutenant-Colonel James
W., his readiness, 268.
Stewart, Colonel Robert E., his char
acter and early career, 267.
Stewart's cavalry, in the Kanawha
Valley, 431 ; employed as escort,
432 ; becomes I in First cavalry,
434.
Stiles, Major Israel N., lands at
Chickamacomico, 487.
StiUinger, B. C, his devotion to the
flag, 612.
Stockton, its former name, 178.
Stone, General, at Ball's Bluff, 510.
Stoneman, Gener.al, allures the enemy
532.
Stores, Union, their inferiority in
Western Virginia, 59.
Stough, Captain George W., skir
mishes with Lee's troops, 86.
Streight, Colonel Abel D., 139.
Stuart, Colonel, his position at Shi
loh, 359 ; sends for aid, 365; falls
back, 366.
Stuart, General, 443.
Stump speaker, at ShUoh, 369.
Sturgis, General, 150; ordered to
Lexington, 171; is too late, 173; at
St. Louis, 190.
Sturm, Lieutenant-Colonel, engaged
to prepare ammunition, 142 ; his
cfaciency, 143. ,„ c n
Sulgrove, Berry, on Shiloh battlefield,
386.
Sullivan, Brigadier General Jerre.,
his promptness in recruiting, 74 ;
his services at Camp Sullivan, 74 ;
eoes to Buckhannon, 74; m the
battle of Rich mountain, 52; exer
cises hospitality, 103; is promoted,
444 ; in the battle of Winchester
Heights, 450.

Summerville, Mississippi, brave girl
at, 421.
Summerville, Virginia, skirmish at,
455.
Summit of Cheat Mountain, camp on,
77 ; fortifications of, 78 ; is ap
proached by the enemy, 82; skir
mishing near, 84.
Sumner, General, like Lamachus, 515;
bridges the Chiokahominy, 518 ; his
position on the last of May, 518 ;
moves to Heintzelman's <aid, 520 ;
retreats and guards the rear, 534 ;
in battle of Savage's station, 535;
in council, 536 ; assumes responsi
bility, 537 ; his position at Malvern
Hill, 538.
Sutermeister, Captain A., 141
Sutermeister's battery, see Eleventh
battery.
Sutler, in the Hatteras retreat, 490 :
eats pies, 598.
Sweeney, 150.
Sykes, General, his position in the
siege of Richmond, 522.
Symmes, his treatment, 45.
Syracuse, troops at, 174.
Syracusan expedition, its beginning,
515 ; its end, 541.

Taliaferro, General, in the battle of
Port Republic, 466; in conversa
tion with Jackson, 581.
Tanner, Major Gordon, his death and
character, 172.
Taylor, General, at Port Republic,
466 ; in the battle of Winchester
Heights, 459.
Templeton, Major William J., an-
vance guard on Cheat mountains,
83.
Tennessee authorities, forbid exports
from the state, 217.
Tennessee fugitives, at Camp Dick Rob
inson, 224; join the Thirty-Second
Indiana, 231; their hardships in es
caping, their ill health and anxiety,
242; their dissatisfaction and home
sickness, 249 ; their mutinous spir
it, 251 ; their disappointment, 429 ;
their return to the mountains, 430.
Tennessee people, their reception of
the Army of the Ohio, 355; their
schools and want of schools, 356.
Tennessee river, its importance, 286;
" On the Shores of," 292 ; recon
noissance up, 291.

684

INDEX.

Tennessee troops, their kindness to
prisoners, 118 ; in the Army of the
Ohio, 426.
Tenth battery of aftillery, 141 ; in
BueU's army, 335 ; in Thomas' di
vision, 336.
Tenth regiment, its journey to West
Virginia, 44; work at Clarks
burg, 45; march to Buckhannon,
45 ; march up Rich mountain, 53 ;
in engagement, 54 ; at Beverly, 60 ;
return to Indiana, 70 ; reorganiza
tion, 137; its departure from In
dianapolis, 259 ; its arrival at
Bardstown, 259 ; its conduct, 259 ;
publishes a paper, 259 ; its arms,
260 ; moves to New Haven and
Lebanon, 260 ; on guard al Logan's
cross roads, 279; in battle at Lo
gan's cross roads, 280 ; in BueU's
long march, 595 ; in battle of Chap
Un HiUs, 620.
Tents, hard to warm, 190 ; their dis
comforts, 275; are every where, 275.
Terre Bonne, expedition to, 554.
TerriU, General, his school of instruc
tion, 272.
TerriU's battery, at ShUoh, 378.
Terry. Colonel, at Rowlett's station,
273'.
Texan troops, on Patterson's creek, 67;
at Pea Ridge, 206 ; at Rowlett's
station, 235; at Donelson, 366; in
an engagement in Des AUemands
sv/amps, 666.
Thayer, Colonel, his command before
Donelson, 300 ; his position at Shi
loh, 376.
Tho Old Sergeant, 390.
Third battery, its formation, 141 ; in
the Warrensburg expedition, 192 ;
at La Mine Cantonment, 211.
Third cavalry regiment, formation
of, 138, 439.
Third cavalry, western detachment
of, moves to Georgetown, 174 ; part
of at Camp Wickliffe, 263; part of
on Salt river, 266; at Elizabeth-
town, 266 ; put in McCook's divis
ion, 333; in Buell's long march,
596 ; on the road to Frankfort, 624.
Third cavalry, eastern detachment of,
its history as part of First cavalry,
438; assigned to Third, 338; its
horses, 439 ; its duties, 439 ; is
commended, 440 ; in barracks, -471 ;
joins Geary's brigade, 471 ; goes
near Warrenton, 471 ; near 'Win
chester, 471 ; bivouacs in Ashby's

Gap, 472; on Manassas railroad,
472 at Front Royal, 472 ; at Bris
tow station, 472 ; in Army of Vir
ginia, 572; its reconnoissance to
Anderson's Turnout, 573; on the
Virginia Central railroad, 573 ; at
Fredericksburg, 576; its duties in
the retreat, 586.
Third division of the Army of the
Ohio, on Bacon creek, 329; on the
march to Bowling Green, 330 ;
crosses Barren river, 331 ; thanked
by General Mitchell, 331 ; pursues
enemy, 333 : encamps at Edgefield,
333 ; its march to HuntsviUe, 401 ;
its success, 403 ; is complimented,
409 ; exasperated, 410.
Thirteenth battery, its organization,
141 ; at MunfordsviUe, 603.
Thirteenth regiment, its camp of ren
dezvous, 72 ; its transferrence, 73 ;
in battle of Rich mountain, 54 ; its
loss at Rich mountain, 74 ; on Cheat
mountains, 86; routs Lee's rear,
87 ; its condition, 92 ; its march to
Greenbrier, 92 ; its expedition
through the mountains, 95 ; in a
skirmish, 96 ; its condition on
reaching camp, 96 ; leaves Bever
ly, 444 ; at Green Spring Run, 444 ;
at Sir John's Run, 444 ; hastily re
tires, 446 ; it position on Winches
ter Heights, 451; its loss, 454;
hardships of, 469; reaches the
James, 542 ; in march across the
peninsula, 573; its hardships on
the peninsula, 573.
Thirtieth regiment, formation of, 137;
leaves Fort Wayne, 230 ; is detain
ed in Indianapolis, 230 ; its colonel,
230; is brigaded, 233; its pickets
attacked, 342 ; its position at Shi
loh, 375 ; near the church, 381 ; loss
in, 383; in BueU's long march, 596;
at Dog Walk, 624.
Thirty-First regiment, its organiza
tion, 137; character of, 263; moves
to Evansville, 264; moves to Cal
houn, 264; guards river, 264; at
Henderson, 264; its colonel, 264;
its position in siege of Donelson,
300; moves to MoClernand's aid,
304; joins in assault, 306 ; its po
sition at Shiloh, 359; hastens to
the front, 362 ; in second day, 374,
375; charges the enemy, 381; its
loss at Shiloh, 383 ; in BueU's long
march, 596 ; at Dog Walk, 624.
Thirty-Second regiment, its organiza-

INDEX.

685

tion, 137; it leaves Indianapolis,
230 ; its appearance, 230 ; is bri
gaded, 233; at Rowlett's station,
237 ; burial of the dead, 237 ; its
position at Shiloh, 375 ; its struggle
near the church, 380 ; drilled under
¦fire, 381; loss in, 383; in Buell's
long march, 596 ; atDog Walk, 624.
Thirty-Third regiment, its organiza
tion,- 137; its departure from In
dianapolis, 241 ; its incomplete
condition, 241 ; journey, 241 ; its
first march, 242 ; arrival at Camp
Dick Robinson, 242 ; march to Crab
Orchard, 243 ; in camp near. Crab
Orchard, 244 ; march to Wild Cat,
-245 ; in battle at WUd Cat, 245, 246;
march to London, 249 ; its exhaus
tion, 249 ; its sfay in London, 249 ;
its retreat to Grab Orchard, 251, 252;
consequences of tho retreat, 253; its
sickness, 253; sympathy for, 254;
anecdotes of, '255 ; patience of, 257 ;
testimony to, 258; arrives at Cum
berland Ford, 429 ; teamsters and
soldiers of, at Richmond, 608 ; its
retreat to the Ohio, 613.
Thirty-Fourth i-egiment, its organiza
tion, 137; stay in Anderson, 260;
at Camp Joe Holt, 260 ; good sense
of, 200 ; moves to New Haven, 261 ;
joins Pope's army, 346 ; enters Fort
Thompson, 349; at Osceola, 415;
arrives at Memphis, 419.
Thirty-Fifth, organization of, 137;
character of, 271 ; its departure for
the field, 271; at Louisville, 272;
at Bardstown, 272; in Wood's di
vision, 335; in pursuit of Bragg,
596 ; completed, 602 ; in battle of
ChapUn Hills, 620.
Thirty-Sixth, organization of, 137; its
character, 262 ; at Now Haven, 262;
its colonel, 262 ; its chaplain, 262;
pay sent home by one company,
263 ; not much sickness in, 265 ; in
Nelson's division, 336 ; arrives at
ShUoh, 370; forms, 370; becomes
engaged, 370; its position on the
7th, 373, 374; its courage, 379 ; its
loss at ShUoh, 383 ; in BueU's long
inarch, 596; in battle of Chaplm
HiUs, 620; in skirmish at Wild
Cat, 625.
Thirty-Seventh, organization of, 138;
in Lawrenceburg, 265 ; its church,
265; on Salt river, 265 ; at EUza
bethtown, 266 ; reUgious character,
266; its health, 267; in Turchin's

brigade, 329; enters HuntsviUe,
402 ; at Stevenson, 413 ; in pursuit
of Bragg, 596 ; its activity, 599 ;
left at Nashville, 602.
Thirty-Eighth, organization of, 138 ;
its arrival at Muldraugh's Hills,
228; its condition when orders to
march were received, 228; itsfitting
out, 228; its colonel, 228; wades
the EoUing Fork, 229 ; is brigaded,
239; detached from the main army,
355 ; in pursuit of Morgan, 411 ;
before Chattanooga, 413; at Shel
byville, 413 ; at Stevenson, 413 ; in
pursuit of Bragg, 596; inbattleof
Chaplin HiUs, 616 ; its losses in
battle of ChapUn HiUs, 620.
Thirty-Ninth, organization of, 138;
joins Sherman's army, 228 ; its ap
pearance, 228; its character, 228;
its first night on the field, 229;
scouting party formed from, 232 ;
is brigaded, 233; at Rowlett's sta
tion, 237; at SMloh, 375; in the
heat of battle, 381 ; its loss at Shi
loh, 383 ; scouting, 399 ; in pursuit
of Bragg, 596.
Thomas, E. P., scouting, 65 ; at Pat
terson's creek, 67 ; escape, 67; sur
mises about, 08 ; his return, 08.
Thomas, Adjutant General, quoted,
142; visits Fremont, 176; visits
Sherman, 234; reports, 225.
Thomas, General George H., at Camp
Dick Robinson, 221 ; threatened by
ZoUicoffer, 223 ; his movements to
thwart ZoUicoffer, 243 ; marches to
Logan's cross roads, 278; makes
arrangements for an attack, 279;
his force, 279; in battle, 280 ; pur
sues the enemy, 281 : opens the way
to East Tennessee, 281 ; at Somer
set, 283.
Thomas, Colonel DeWitt C, his pro
motion, 209.
Thomson, Captain, adventure of, 81.
Thompson, Captain Noah S., 141.
Thompson, General Jeff, his proclam
ation, 150; his poetry, 150; his
threats, 168; his inhumanity, 168;
at Fredericktown, 186 ; skirmishes
with Pope, 346.
Thompson, Fort, entered by Indiana
troops, 349.
Thompson, Dr., in hospital before
Donelson, 312.
Three-months' men, organization of,
15 ; honor due to, 70, 71 ; re-organ
ization of, 136.

686

INDEX.

Thucidides, his tribute to Nicias, 541.
TUghman, General, terms of surren
der made with, 290 ; his house, 276.
Tilly, John Tzerkles, count of, his
politics, 423.
Tiptonville, its distance from Island
No. 10, 347 ; forms the only way of
access, 349.
Topping, Lieutenant^Colonel Melville
D., is mortally wounded, 609.
Torpedoes, found by Commodore Foote,
287.
Trotter, Lieutenant Daniel, on the
Essex, 289 ; his death, 290.
Ttirohin, General, in Mitchell's divis
ion, 329; his brigade, 329; his
march to Barren river, 330 ; crosses
the river, 331 ; his march to Hunts
viUe, 401 ; his entrance into Hunts
viUe, 402 ; his retreat, 409 ; is at
Athens, 410; is reprimanded, 411 ;
is before Chattanooga, 412.
Tuscumbia, captured by Mitchell, 403.
Twelfth battery, its organization, 141;
in Thomas' division, 336.
Twelfth regiment, place of rendez
vous, 72 ; one year regiment, 74 ;
in Virginia, 431 ; time in service,
434; its organization, 434; on the
Ohio, 434 ; at Sandy Hook, 434 ; is
brigaded, 434 ; its character, 435 ;
its duties, 435 ; enters Winchester,
449 ; in Army of the Ohio, 596 ;
advanced to meet Kirby Smith, 607;
in battle of Richmond, 609 ; its
loss, 611.
Twentieth, organization of, 136; in
Virginia, 431 ; its first march, 483;
at Camp Tippecanoe, 484; leaves
IndianapoUs, 484 ; at Cockeysville,
484 ; at Baltimore, 485 ; on ship
board, 486; on Albermarle Sound,
486; at Chickamacomico, 487;
loses everything, 488 ; prepares for
battle, 488 ; retreats, 489 ; at tho
lighthouse, 489 ; its loss, 490 ; forms
encampment, 490 ; quarrels with
Zouaves, 492; its labors, 492; its
wants, 492 ; its narrow escape and
retreat, 493 ; at Fortress Monroe,
500 ; in fight with Merrimac, 503 ;
monotony in, 504; its march to
Fortress Monroe, 505 ; enters Nor
folk, 506; near Portsmouth, 506;
joins Army of the Potomac, 507;
at Fair Oaks, 507; in Robinson's
¦brigade, 525; in tho battle of the
Orchards, 526; guards Heintzel
man's rear, 535; at Glendale, 536;

its numbers in the battle of the
Orchards and at Harrison's bar,
540; in march across the penin
sula, 572 ; at Rappahannock Sta
tion, 586; in battle of Groveton,
588.
Twenty-First, organization of, 136 ;
leaves home, 543 ; at Camp Morton,
543; its ignorance, 544; leaves In
dianapolis and goes to Baltimore,
544; its occupations, 544 ; its win
ter quarters, 545 ; takes part in
Lockwood's expedition, 546; goes
to Fortress Monroe, 547 ; at Now-
port News, 548 ; its voyage to Ship
Island, 548 ; its stay on Ship Island,
54S ; its voyage to the Mississippi,
549 ; its landing, 550 ; is quartered
at Algiers, 552 ; -its rest, 552; com
mences operations, 552 ; its raid to
Brashear, 552 ; its raid to Terre
Bonne, 554 ; its expedition to Hou
ma, 556; its capture of the Fox,
554; its reconnoissance to Chal
mette, 557; its activity, 558; its
agreement with Brashear, 558 ; ar
rives at Baton Rouge and encamps,
558 ; its expeditions from Baton
Rouge, 559; its battery, 559; its
conduct in battle of Baton Rouge,
561; is commended, 565; throws
up entrenchments, 566 ; goes to
Carrolton, 566 ; disperses guerril
las aud fights with Rangers, 566 ;
its reconnoissance down bayou La
fourche, 567; goes to Berwick Bay
and to Brashear, 567; its activity
and vigilance, 567.
Twenty-Second regiment, organiza
tion of, 136; ordered to Missouri,
156; its hopes and condition, 156;
its colonel, 156; in St. Louis, 157;
its arms, 157; in Jefferson City,
165 ; its first march, 165 ; in Boone
ville, 165; moves towards Lexing
ton, 172; cngagemcni. near Glasgow,
172; return to Booneville, 172;
moves to Georgetown, 174; is bri
gaded, 178 ; on the march, 190 ; on
Warrensburg expedirlon, 192, 193,
194; in winter quarters, 195, 196;
march to Lebanon, 197; enters
Springfield, 198; position at Pea
Ridge, 202; in battle, 202, 203,
205; change in its ofBcers, 208;
marches to Cape Girardeau, 209;
goes down the Mississippi, 210 ; in
pursuit of Bragg, 596 ; in battle
of Chaplin Hill, 619 ; its losses, 620.

INDEX.

687

Twenty-Third, organization of, 136;
ordered to St. Louis, 159 ; at Pa
ducah, 272; in expedition against
Clay King, 274 ; goes up the Ten
nessee, 287; marches to Fort Hei
man, 288 ; suffers on the Essex,
290 ; at Shiloh, 374, 375.
Twenty-Fourth, organization of, 136;
ordered to St Louis, 156; its colo
nel, 153 ; complimented by the St.
Louis Democrat, 163 ; ordered to
Washington, 171; to Jefferson City,
171 ; moves to Georgetown, 174; in
Hunter's division, 178; at Tipton,
190; in Warrensburg expedition,
192, 193, 194; in winter quarters,
195; marches to Jefferson City, 196;
removed to St. Louis, 196 ; at Shi
loh, 374; its loss at Shiloh, 383;
receives a flag, 421.
Tv.'onty-Fifth, its organization, 137 ;
its character, 161 ; in St. Louis, 162;
moves to Georgetown, 174 ; in Hun
ter's division, 178; near OtterviUe,
190; in Warrensburg expedition,
192, 193, 194; takes prisoners to
St. Louis, 195; in Benton barracks,
296; arrives at Fort Henry, 296
position before Fort Donelson, 297
makes an attack, 298 ; retires, 298 ,
joins in assault, 308; enters the
fort, 311; its position at Shiloh,
359; hastens to Sherman, 362; its
action, 363 ; its position second day,
375; its loss at Shiloh, 383; Us
honor dear, 389.
Twenty-Sixth, organization of, 137;
ordered to Missouri, 156; its char
acter, 162; its colonel, 162; order
ed to .Jefferson City, 166; moves
towards Lexington, 172; its en-
o-agement near Glasgow, 172; moves
to Georgetown, 174; in Hunter's
division, 178; near SedaUa, 190;
in winter quarters, 195, 196; its
dissatisfaction, 211 ; its labors, 212;
on a foraging expedition, 213; in
search of guerrUlas, 214 ; its moral
ity, 214.
Twenty-Seventh, organization of, 137;
its colonel, 437; at Washington,
, 437 ; in Maryland, 437 ;_ guards
railroad, 458; on Winchester
Heights, 459 ; its losses m Banks
retreat, 460 ; in Army of Virginia,
571 • at Slaughter mountain, 5<5.
T,^enty-Eighth, see First cavalry
Twenty-Ninth, organization of, 137,
leaves LaPorte, 230; in Indianapo

lis, 230; in Louisville, 230; its
colonel, 230 ; its arrival at EUza
bethtown, 230 ; its position at Shi
loh, 374; near the church, 381 ; its
loss at Shiloh, 383; the ground
where it stood, 385 ; inBuelVslong
march, 595 ; at Dog Walk, 624.
Tygert's Valley, its scenery, 78, 103.
Tyler, Colonel, in battle of Winches
ter Heights, 453; reaches the bat
tlefield of Port Republic, 465 ; in
the battle of Port Republic, 466.
Tyler's brigade, on Winchester
Heights, 450 ; in the battle of Win
chester, 452; in the battle of Port
Republic, 466.
Tyler, gunboat, before Fort Henry,
287; in the attack on Fort Henry,
589; reconnoitres up the Tennessee
291 ; its part in battle of Shiloh,
369. U
Union City, its liberality, 13.

Vallandigham, known in Houma, 556.
Vanderburg, Camp, 138.
Van Dorn, General, joins General
Price, 200; his character, 201; in
battle of Pea Ridge, 201, 204; ac
cuses the Germans of brutality,
207.
Veatch, General James C, his profes
sion and character, 161; in the
siege of Donelson, 298; in assault
ou northwest angle of the fort, 311;
his courage at ShUoh, 368 ; is pro
moted, 395.
Veatch' 3 brigade, in the siege of Don
elson, 298; assaults the works, 311;
its movements in the morning of
the Oth of April, 363; in the after
noon, 367; is in reserve on the
second day of ShUoh, 374; makes
a charge, 381.
Vermont troops, in a reconnoissance
near Washington, 437; in distress,
455; at Baton Rouge, 560; rescued,
566.
Vigo, Camp, 138.
Vincennes, its age, 1.
Virginia, stirred to her depths, 7 ; her
vengeance, 7 ; is dragged into re
beUion, 18; her character and pol
itics, 18.
Virginia, eastern shore of, its poverty

688

INDEX.

and people, 546 ; expedition to, 546;
force left on, 547.
Virginia, Western, its form, wealth,
poverty and isolation, 19 ; its loy
alty, 20 ; its forests, 20 ; its ignor
ance, 21; its women, 21; its cli
mate, 90; its hospitality, 107; given
up by the Confederates, 441.
Virginia, VaUey of, its importance,
strength and beauty, 441 ; its people
and politics, 442 ; becomes a stage,
445.
Virgima troops, at Alleghany, 97 ;
against Huntersville, 100; at Win
chester Heights, 453.
Volunteers in Indiana, their multi
tude, their enthusiasm and their
ignoranee, 15; their impatience,
29; surplus of, 72; their reception
in Ohio, 30 ; organization of, 135 ;
disappointment of, 135 ; their num
ber in the first autumn, 141 ; their
hardest task, 543.
Volunteering, restrictions removed
from, 136.
Von Sehlen, Captain John C. H., 141.
Von Trebra, Colonel Henry, precedes
his brigade to MumfordsviUe, 234 ;
in engagement at Rowlett's station,
235 ; is promoted, 236.
Voorhees, Daniel, known in Houma,
556. W.
Wabash College, mention of, 229.
Wagner, Brigadier General George
D., his position in civil life, 75; at
Cheat mountain, 83 ; at Shiloh, 81 ;
pursues Beauregard, 382.
Walker, Colonel John C, 136.
VTallace, Major General Lewis, his
age, appearance, characteristics and
politics, 27; at Cumberland, 64 ;
his vigilance, 65 ; his interview
with scout, 66 ; re-enters service,
137 ; at Paducah, 272 ; is promo
ted, 275; his diligence, 275; his
brigade, 275; ordered to Donelson,
299; arrives at Donelson, 300; or
ganizes and posts a division, 300 ;
desires permission to move, 303 ;
assumes responsibility, 303; his
impatience, 305; forms column of
attack, and exhorts his men, 306 ;
enters Donelson, 311; at Crump's
Lauding, 358 ; skirmishes with the
enemy, 360; expected at Shiloh,
369; receives orders to move, 370 ;

his course changed, 370 ; takes po
sition, 371, 374; engages in the
battle, 376; pursues Beauregard,
382 ; in reserve, 395 ; his promo
tion, 395 ; his expedition to Purdy,
398 ; enters Memphis and ass-ames
command, 422.
Wallace's division, is organized tem
porarily, 300 ; is arranged, 300; at
Crump's Landing, 358 ; marches to
Shiloh, 371; in line, 374; its regi
ments, 374 ; becomes engaged, 376 ;
gains ground, 377; its march to
Memphis, 421.
Wallace, General AV. H. L., reconnoi
tres Dover, 297 ; his position when
Pillow makes assault, 302 ; holds
his ground, 303 ; his position at
Shiloh, 359 ; is the last to yield,
368 ; his fall, 368 ; is found, 385.
Wallace, Colonel John M., on the
Ohio, 434 ; leaves regiment, 434.
War Department, orders the Ninth and
Seventh to the field, 88 ; objects to
cavalry, 140; calls for cavalry,
160.
War Order, for a general advance,
285.
War Trace, camp at, 405; fight at,
406.
Warrensburg, expedition, 193.
Washburn, Brevet Brigadier General,
near Glasgow, 172; at Pea Ridge,
203 ; his promotion, 209.
Washington, General George, before
Yorktown, 516.
Washington, John A., his death, 86 ;
soldiers' opinion of, 86 ; his re
mains, 131.
Washington, its defences, 508 ; troops
pour into, 509 ; its defenceless con
dition, 511; receives Pope's army,
592.
Webster, Major, at Huntersville, 100-
Webster county, 20; Thirteenth regi
ment in, 95.
Webster, Colonel, at Shiloh, 370.
WelschbUUg, Captain Peter J., at
Rowlett's station, 236.
West Plains, A.xva.j of the Southwest
at, 208.
West Point, national academy of, its
graduates at Corinth, 353; its grad
uates at Richmond, 527.
Weitzel, General, opens communica
tion with Berwick Bay, 566.
Wheatiey, Colonel William M., 136 ;
in civil life, 162 ; moves towards

INDEX,

Lexington and back, 173 ; his ree-
ulatious, 214. ^
Wheeling, its situation, 19.
Wheeler, the spy, his execution, 581.
Wheeler, Colonel John, at Bull Run
590. '
Whig party, its end, 6.
Whitcomb, Governor, 158!
Whiteomb, H. D., 579.
White, Major, takes Leglngton, 175
White, Bob, his whistle, 485.
White, Dr., his insolence and his cap
ture, 552 ; his trial and sentence,
5o3 ; offers to take the oath and is
refused, 554.
Whites, in the South, 9.
White House, guarded by McCleUan,
522; IS depot of suppUes, 523; is
abandoned and burnt, 535.
White Oak Swamp, bounds McClellan's
left, 519; not examined, 528 ; filled"
with workmen, 528; engagement
in, 535.
White River Valley, supports Curtis,
208. '
Whitlock, Major, his age and patriot
ism, 12.
Whitesell's company, 228.
Whittlesey's brigade at Shiloh, 374.
Widow, her house guarded, 410.
Wild Cai, battle of, 245; cheers the
troops at Hatteras, 492.
Wilder, Brigadier General John. T.,
distinguished in Western Virginia,
395 ; at MumfordsviUe, 603.
Wilkes, Captain, 500.
WUlard, Governor, his death, 628.
Willard's battery, at Shiloh, 367.
Williams, Benjamin, a prisoner, letter
from, 322.
Williams, William, a prisoner, letter
from, 322.
Williams, Colonel John S., guards
prisoners, 327.
Williams, Lieutenant Henry M., ex
tract from a letter by, 396.
Williams, Colonel Reuben, captured,
436.
Williams, General Alpheus S., his di
vision in pursuit of Jackson, 454 ;
in the battle of Cedar HUl, 574.
Williams, General Thomas, on west
ern soldiers, 492 ; his want of feel
ing, 558; his gallantry and his
death, 564.
Williamsburg, 499; battle of, 518.
Williamson, Captain Thomas Oi., re
connoitres on the Chest mountains,
84.

689

Williamson county, Tennessee, votes
war s'se "''' " '''''"S"^ ^^ *^«
WiUich, General August, chosen to
recruit, 136, 137; his previous his
tory, 231; forms pioneer corps, 231-
builds bridge over Green river 234-
reaches the battlefield of Rowlett's
station, 237; at the funeral of his
dead, 237; his pioneer system bro
ken up, 334 ; superintends bridge
making, 356 ; at Shiloh, 380 ; his
coolness, 381 ; is promoted, 599.
Wilmington, 399.
Wilson, Colonel William C, his char
acter, 272 ; resigns, 395.
Wilson, DeHart, is guide, 37.
Wilson's Creek, battle of, 155.
Winchester, Indiana, its liberality, 13.
Winchester, Tennessee, Negley at, 412.
Winchester, Virginia, its situation
and importance, 443; its chief
roads, 450 ; abandoned by Confed
erates and entered by Federals
449. '
Winchester Heights, first battle of,
452 ; second battle of, 459.
Winder, George, his death, 85.
Winder, General, in battle of Win
chester Heights, 459 ; in battle of
Port Republic, 466 ; examines Har
ter, 529 ; gives a pass, 581.
Windham, Colonel, is killed, 462.
Winslow and Lanier, their liberality,
12.
Wisconsin troops, in Kentucky, 226 ;
on Winchester Heights, 459 ; on
board the Constitution, 548; at
Baton Rouge, 560; at Slaughter's
mountain, 575; in battle of Chap
lin Hills, 616.
Wise, General, disTikes authority, 431;
fortifies Mount Sewell, 432 ; is too
late at Glendale, 536.
Withers, General, at Corinth, 355.
Wolfe, Lieutenant-Colonel, in battle
of Richmond, 608 ; is kiUed, 611.
Wolford's cavalry, at Wild Cat, 245 ;
at Logan's cross roads, 279.
Woman, effect of ignorance on, 21 ;
her appearance in West Virginia,
38 ; her patriotism and self-denial,
324; a nurse in Union hospitals,
254 ; a visitor in rebel hospitals.
321; welcomes BueU's army, 339;
spits like a snake, 342 ; sells pies,
404 ; is charitable, 480 ; is fiendish,
421 ; is angelic, 543; soldiers' opin
ion of, 544 ; giyes a flag to Wal-

690

INDEX.

laces division, 497; hastening from
f ' ebels, 489.
Wood, General Thomas J., his bri
gade, 233; his efEciency in Indiana,
269 ; forms camp of instruction in
Bardstown, 269.
Woodsonsville, description of, 239.
WooUey, Major John, his education
and popularity, 267.
Worthington, Captain, 498.
Wright, Governor, 150.
Wright, Dr., his kindness at Crab
Orchard, 254.
Wright, Colonel, perplexed, 495.
Y.
Yancey, General, his position ot Shi
loh, 361.
Yankees, everybody afraid of, 507.
Yankee Doodle, cheered in Nashville,
338 ; played as negroes are carried
off, 404; cheered in Fremont's
army, 177.
Yorkriver, 499.
York river railroad, 523.
Yorktown, 499 ; ita situation, C16 ; is :

famous, 516 ; Army of Potomac be
fore, 516; Magruder within, 516;
its siege, 517; its bombardment,
517; is evacuated, 517.

Zagonyi, Major, organizes Fremont's
guard, 169 ; gains permission to
attack Springfield, 180; hastens
forward, 180 ; orders a charge, 181;
retires, 184.
ZoUicoffer, General, his entrance into
Kentucky, 220; threatens Thomas,
223; ravages southeastern Ken
tucky, 224; makes people patriotic,
243 ; in the battle of Wild Cat, 245 ;
retreats, 247 ; roves about, 247 ;
entrenches himself on the Cumber-
laud, 278; is outranked by Crit
tenden, 279; is killed, 280; his
daughters, 337.
Zouaves, Indiana, see Eleventh regi
ment.
Zouaves, New York, are captured,
487; their kindness, 490; their
laziness, 492,