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THE RECORD OF THE
FIFTY FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY

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TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS

John C. Lee
Colonel, Fifty-Fifth and One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Ohio
Yoluntff.r Infantry. Brevet Brigadier-General
Died March 24, 1S91

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS

THE RECORD OF THE
FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY

BY
CAPTAIN HARTWELL OSBORN
AND OTHERS

WITH EIGHTY PORTRAITS, FOUR VIE WS,
AND TEN MAPS

CHICAGO
C. McCLURG & CO.
1904

Copyright, 1904
BY
HARTWELL OSBORN
PubUshed Dec. j, 1004

The leaves that green to summer branches clung,
Lit by the torch of autumn, fare and burn
In radiance more than summer s; then — they fall,
And leave the branches lone and tenantless.
The torch of Time with autumn splendor lights
Tour summer memories, who here have told
Of battle front and camp-fire comradery.
Viewed through the mist of years, you see your past
Aglow like autumn woods through autumn haze —
The glamour and the glory more than June' s.
Too soon — O wearers of the sacred blue —
The frost that falls shall bare those golden boughs;
But as one lays away the autumn leaves
Between the pages of his book, so, here,
Forever safe from storms that dull and Jade;
Forever safe from snow's oblivion;
Forever to your children's children's eyes
As bright and glory-hued as to your own,
These martial memories of your youth are kept.
Marian Warner Wildman.

CONTENTS PAGE
Introductory  13
Preface  15
Chapter I. Organization  17
Chapter II. The Ohio Brigade in Western Virginia 23
Chapter III. Movements of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Vol
unteer Infantry  35
Chapter IV. The Virginia Campaign of 1862 Under
Generals Pope and Sigel  47
Chapter V. On the Right at Chancellorsville . . 58
Chapter VI. Recollections of Chancellorsville . . 75
Chapter VII. The Gettysburg Campaign  83
Chapter VIII. The Eleventh Corps in East Tennessee 113
Chapter IX. Campaigning with Sherman in Georgia 139
Chapter X. The March to the Sea  168
Chapter XI. From Savannah to Goldsborough . . 186
Chapter XII. The Last Campaign .  207
Chapter XIII. Women's Work During the War . . . 221
Chapter XIV. Sketches of Officers and Citizens . . 230
Chapter XV. Personal Notes and Recollections of
Soldiers  249
RECORDS AND STATISTICS
Roll of Honor and Statistics ...  261
Roll of Veterans  267
Itinerary of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry 271
Roster of the Command  284

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PORTRAITS
FACING PAGE
Alonzo D. Barber, Corporal, Co. I  92
Hugh H. Benfer, Corporal, Co. A  192
Russel H. Bever, Captain, Co. A  158
Charles L. Boalt  230
Frederick H. Boalt, Captain, Co. D  no
Charles F. Boos, Leader of the Band  52
Edward Bromley, Second Lieutenant, Co. G  126
William E. Childs, First Lieutenant, Co. H  212.
George Collingwood, Sergeant, Co. D  166
Daniel F. De Wolf, Major, 55th O. V. 1  48
Charles G. Drake, Corporal, Co. C  182
Charles D. Dudrow, Co. H  64
Mrs. Lizzie H. Farr  222
Edmund Franklin, Co. I  88
Charles B. Gambee, Colonel, 55th O. V. 1  20
John B. Gatchell, First Sergeant, Co. F  182
Ulysses S. Grant, General, U. S. A  114
Ozro B. Gould, Captain, Co. G  84
Joseph Hebble, Surgeon, 55th O. V. 1  178
Henry C. Henney, Co. A  32
Samuel Henney, Co. A  32
George W. Holloway, Co. D  166
Clay Holtz, Co. H  146
Joseph Hooker, Major-General, U. S. A  58
Charles H. Horton, Sergeant, Co. D  142
Oliver O. Howard, Major-General, U. S. A  76
9

10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FACING page
John Hoyles, Co. I  88
Evelyn E. Husted, Sergeant, Co. D  208
Henry W. Husted, Co. D  208
Hiram Johnson, Co. I  92
Rev. William A. Keesey, Co. 1  3°
Henry M. Kellogg, Co. G  64
Jay Kling, Surgeon, 55th O. V. 1  178
Philetus C. Lathrop, First Lieutenant, Co. A  158
John C. Lee, Colonel, 55th O. V. I  Frontispiece
John R. Lowe, Captain, Co. H  68
Nathaniel C. McLean, Brigadier-General, U. S. V  96
Francis H. Morse, Captain, Co. E  no
James C. Myers, Assistant Surgeon, 55th O. V. 1  178
William Negele, Corporal, Co. H  152
Albert G. Niles, Co. C  122
Hartwell Osborn, Captain, Co. B  186
Albert E. Peck, Captain, Co. H  132
Henry J. Pelton, Quartermaster Sergeant, 55th O. V. 1  174
Benjamin F. Perkey, Co. H  142
Lewis Perkey, Corporal, Co. H  142
Robert W. Pool, Captain, Co. A  158
Moses Pugh, Sergeant, Co. H  170
Charles D. Robbins, Captain, Co. F  126
Rudolphus Robbins, Major, 55th O. V. 1  48
Horace Robinson, Captain, Co. G  40
George H. Safford, Lieutenant-Colonel, 55th O. V. 1  20
Robert C. Schenck, Major-General, U. S. V  76
James L. Seeley, Co. D  170
William T. Sherman, General, U. S. A  139

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS n
FACING PAGE
Franz Sigel, Major-General, U. S. V  58
Charles M. Smith, Captain and Color-Sergeant  284
Orland Smith, Brevet Brigadier-General, U. S. V  96
James M. Stevens, Lieutenant-Colonel, 55th O. V. 1  20
Charles Stillman, Second Lieutenant, Co. D  24
Charles M. Stone, Captain, Co. G  84
Benjamin C. Taber, Quartermaster, 55th O. V. 1  174
Thomas C. Taylor, Bugler, 55th O. V. 1  212
Ira C. Terry, Captain, Co. I  36
George H. Thomas, Major-General, U.S. A  114
Abner D. Twaddle, Co. D  24
Thomas G. Valentine, Co. B  192
David A. Warren, First Sergeant, Co. C  118
Henry B. Warren, First Lieutenant, Co. D  118
Enoch B. Watson, Co. H  152
Pliny E. Watson, First Lieutenant, Co. K  68
Rev. Alfred Wheeler, Chaplain, 55th O. V. I  52
Charles P. Wickham, Lieutenant-Colonel, 55th O. V. 1  186
Frederick Wickham  230
William S. Wickham, Captain, Co. D  132
Frederick A. Wildman, Captain, Co. D  40
William Winch, Co. K  122
James Wood, Jr., Brevet Major-General, U. S. V  96
Mrs. Henry M. Wooster  222
Hon. Samuel T. Worcester  230
Mrs. Samuel T. Worcester  222
VIEWS
Monument Erected to the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry at Gettysburg  106
Company H, Mess  218
Monument Erected to Colonel Lee at Tiffin, Ohio  236
Monument Erected to Colonel Gambee at Bellevue, Ohio 244

12 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS MAPS
FACING PAGE
Battle of McDowell  28
Battle of Cross Keys  44
Second Battle of Bull Run  54
Battle of Chancellorsville, May 2  72
Battle of Chancellorsville, May 1,3, and 5  80
Battle of Gettysburg  100
Battle of Resaca  148
Battle of Peach Tree Creek  162
Battle of Averasborough  198
Battle of Bentonville  202

INTRODUCTORY
AT the opening of the Civil War, in April, 1861, a contest that had
been fermenting for many years, there was an almost universal
belief in the minds of the people of the North that the conflict would
be of short duration; that a preponderance of men and means must
of necessity greatly outweigh the advantages of position held by the
seceding States, and that the North must win, and that speedily. In
the South the common people — the men who were destined to do,
and who did, the real fighting in the stupendous conflict that followed
for four weary years — were led to beheve that in valor and tenacity
of purpose one of their number was the equal of five " greasy mechan
ics and horny-handed farmers" from the North, and that the final
result could not be doubtful, namely, the triumph and independence
of the Confederacy.
The first serious battle of the war, waged on the field of Bull Run,
July 21, 1 86 1, dispelled the illusions of both sides, and thoughtful
people were made to realize that only through many months of trial
and the prodigal expenditure of blood and treasure could the integrity
of the Union be maintained.
It was during the depressing period following that battle that
orders were promulgated for the organization of the regiment whereof
the following pages recount the strenuous history. Its camp of
instruction was located on the banks of the Huron River, near Nor-
walk; and, while the first enthusiasm of war had been chilled by
adversity, and enlistments were somewhat slow in consequence, the
ranks of the battahon were in due time filled, and it was reported
ready for duty.
The companies were recruited from the counties of Erie, Huron,
Sandusky, Seneca, and Wyandot; and as it was one of the earliest
organizations raised exclusively in this territory, and perhaps because
its camp of instruction was here, it soon became and ever remained
the people's favorite regiment.
As showing the estimation in which it was held by the public,
13

14 INTRODUCTORY
the foUowing extract from the Norwalk Reflector, pubHshed on the
eve of the battalion's departure to the front, is quoted:
"The regiment broke camp Friday, January 24, 1862, leaving
Norwalk Saturday morning at n o'clock. The regiment had been
camped near us for many weeks, and during all this time scarcely a
day passed that our citizens, more or less, had not visited the camp
and mingled with the officers and men. The quiet, orderly conduct
of the men, the courtesy and kindness always extended to visitors
by the regimental and company officers, the kindness of the officers
to the men, while they always preserved strict discipline, have taught
our people to regard them almost as brothers. Many of the families
of this place are represented in the regiment by some brothers or
husbands, and it is not extravagant to say that the sympathetic
feelings of our citizens have rarely, if ever, before been touched as
they were on Saturday last."
The coming pages will demonstrate how well the regiment
deserved, and how gallantly it maintained through four years of
the most active service, the reputation it had gained in its camp of
instruction on the banks of the Huron.
William S. Wickham.

PREFACE
THE following pages do not assume to be history — they are rather
a storehouse of facts which some future historian may use when
his inspired pen shall tell the story of the great war between the
States, by which the principles of free government were firmly
established. The Historical Committee of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry desires to give proper credit and to return sincere thanks
to all the Comrades who have assisted in the preparation of the
story which is here related.
ResponsibUity for the compilation and generally for the facts and
opinions expressed must rest upon Captain HartweU Osborn, as the
greater part of the labor was performed by him. The chapters in
the book not credited to other writers are from his pen. Several of
the papers, by Captain Osborn and by others, were prepared
originaUy for the purpose of being read to Comrades of the Army
at their gatherings.
The chapters by Lieutenant- Colonel C. P. Wickham, Captain
W. S. Wickham, and Rev. W. A. Keesey have special value and ex
ceptional interest, and the chapter entitled "The Women in the
War" is from the versatile pen and warm heart of the wife of one
of the best loved officers of the command. To Mrs. Bertha Henney
Thompson is due the credit for the drawing of aU the maps.
In reciting minutely the incidents of four years of service, almost
entirely at the front and on the firing line, it is impossible to escape
errors, but it is hoped these wiU be found few in number and unim
portant. The substantial facts furnish a record of which aU survivors
of the Regiment may be proud, and in which future generations of
their descendants wiU find not only incidents of interest, but argu
ments and reasons for holding fast to the appeal of our martyred
President, "That government of the people, by the people, and for
the people, may not perish from the earth."
Hartwell Osborn
Robert W. Pool
Chicago, September i, IQ04. W. A. KEESEY
!5

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
THE RECORD OF THE
FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY

CHAPTER I
ORGANIZATION
THE first indication on record of interest in the promoting and
organizing of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer
Infantry consisted of a petition addressed to Governor Dennison, not
dated, but evidently prepared as early as August 25, 1861, which
recommends the appointment of A. G. Sutton as Colonel, George H.
Safford as Lieutenant-Colonel, and Calvin Carr as Major, of a regi
ment of infantry to be raised in Huron and Erie counties and vicinity.
The petition also suggests the establishment of a camp at or near
Norwalk. This document is signed by the following well-known
citizens of Norwalk:
John F. Dewey, Treasurer of Hu- Horace Beardsley.
ron County. R. T. Rust.
G. M. Cleveland, Sheriff of Hu- John Beardsley.
ron County. E. A. Pray.
Julius S. Coe, Postmaster at Nor- Jos. M. Farr.
walk. John Kennan.
Asa R. Hillyer. W. O. Parker.
George Q. Adams, Probate Judge. C. I. Parker.
James Brown, Recorder of Huron Samuel T. Worcester, M. C.
County. F. A. Wildman.
J. C. Curtiss, Jr., Clerk Huron O. Jenney.
Common Pleas.
It is more than probable that the project was originated by
17

18 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1861
Charles L. Boalt, who was at that time Chairman of the Military
Committee of Huron County, and was prominent in its develop
ment. A letter from Governor Dennison to him of date August
26, 1861, is evidence of his active co-operation and assistance.
There is evidence, too, of the sympathy and aid of the Hon.
Samuel T. Worcester, of Norwalk, Member of Congress for the
Tenth District of Ohio. His legal training and ability gave him
great influence in the departments at Washington, and his high
character and fine attainments were always exerted on the side
of the right.
Under these auspices and with the active support of all the loyal
men and women of the district, recruiting began. In spite of much
delay, principally on account of the number of organizations seeking
recruits at this time, enlistments were good, and the various com
panies graduaUy completed their organizations. On the 7th of
October the companies were sufficiently recruited to warrant assem
bling, and a camp ground was selected about one and a half miles
west of Norwalk, upon high ground overlooking the Huron River,
on the farm of Isaac Underhill. This camp, named Camp Mc
CleUan, was established under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel
George H. Safford, who had been commissioned on the nth of Sep
tember. Upon the same date John C. Lee was commissioned Major,
and Daniel F. De Wolf First Lieutenant and Adjutant, on the 18th
of September. The company commanders assembled their companies
as fast as recruits were secured, and the regular duties of drill and
camp routine were undertaken.
Vigorous efforts were made to secure the appointment of a grad
uate of the Mihtary Academy at West Point as Colonel of the regi
ment, but without success, and it is worthy of note that the Fifty-
Fifth Ohio Infantry was organized, equipped, and trained for service
without the assistance of any officer of mihtary education. No
doubt this was a disadvantage, and better progress could have been
made and many mistakes avoided if expert knowledge and ability
could have been secured.
The temper of both officers and men, however, was of the best.
Their country needed their services as soldiers, hence they submitted
to the harsh discipline of mihtary Life with perfect good humor, and

i86i]'! [!: ORGANIZATION 19
with a zealous anxiety to learn the military art and to assist in preserv
ing the liberties of their land.
This spirit was never quenched, and although their four years of
service was filled with much labor and many dangers, there was
never any doubt in their minds as to the final result, or any faltering
in their activities.
Adjutant D. F. De Wolf was promoted to Major on the 21st of
November. His experience as a teacher had taught him valuable
lessons in the art of education, and as a result of his efficient training,
the regiment took on a form and bearing which always distinguished
it as an orderly, self-respecting, well-trained, and obedient command.
Daily lessons in the officers' school and severe drilling twice each day
on the parade ground soon brought even the most stupid recruit to a
reahzing sense of the meaning of a military command, and to the use
of arms. On the 21st of November, Major John C. Lee was commissioned
Colonel and took command of the regiment, and under his vigorous
hand disciphne was learned, and the command became an organiza
tion fit for the service it was destined to undertake. Few regiments
in the army were blessed with a commander more just or more sym
pathetic. He possessed the kingly faculty of remembering names
and faces, and knew every man in the regiment by name. His influ
ence was therefore great, and his resignation after two years of service
was one of the most serious losses the command ever experienced.
A band of twenty-four pieces was enlisted and assembled early
in October under the leadership of Charles F. Boos, of Tiffin, an
accompUshed musician who wore the shoulder straps of a First Lieu
tenant. One of the first productions of Lieutenant Boos was a regi
mental call, consisting of a few notes upon the bugle, which were
so original and significant as to become a distinctive characteristic
of the regiment. This call preceded the/egular calls upon the bugle,
and proved in service to be always desirable, and often exceedingly
useful. Upon more than one occasion the soldiers far away on the
picket or skirmish Une heard the famihar notes and received the
message, knowing it was meant for their ears alone. This principle
of having a distinguishing signal for each command is recognized
in modern tactics.

20

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS

[1861

On the ist of December the organization was complete, and most
of the men had become acquainted with the driU and discipUne of
a soldier's Ufe.
On the 18th of December a stand of colors was presented to the
regiment by the citizens of Norwalk. The ceremony took place
at Camp McCleUan, and was an event in the history of the com
mand. An address prepared by Hon. S. T. Worcester, M. C,
was read by Joseph M. Farr, and responded to by Colonel Lewis
Zahm of the Third Ohio Cavalry. Hon. P. N. Schuyler foUowed
with an eloquent speech, to which Colonel John C. Lee of the
Fifty-Fifth repUed. The colors were presented by John Whitbeck
of Norwalk, and were received by Lieutenant- Colonel George H.
Safford. Eloquent speeches were also made by Charles L. Boalt
and Major D. F. De Wolf.
An immense throng of citizens attended the ceremony. The
regiment made a very creditable appearance and marched very well,
being encouraged by the enthusiasm and sincere interest of their
friends and neighbors, so gracefuUy expressed. This stand of colors,
faded by hard use and torn with buUets and sheUs of the enemy,
was brought home and placed in the hands of Charles Stacey of
Company D, who as Color Bearer of the Regimental Association
has preserved them with religious care.
On January 25, 1862, Camp McCleUan was abandoned, and
the regiment with fuU ranks marched through Norwalk en route
to the tented field, and began that tour of active service in the
field from which it returned on July 20, 1865, for final muster
out.

The roster of the regiment at this time was as foUows:

Colonel
Lieutenant- Colonel
MajorSurgeon
Assistant Surgeon
Chaplain
AdjutantQuartermaster

John C. Lee \
George H. Safford V Field
Daniel F. De Wolf )
Jay KUng
Henry K. Spooner
John G. W. Cowles
Frank W. Martin
Robert G. Pennington

Charles B. Gambee
Colonel, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry-
Killed May 15, 1864, in Battle of Kesaca, Ga.

George H. Safford
Lieutenant -Colonel, Fifty-Fifth
Ohio Volunteer Infantry-

James Al. Stevens
Lieutenant-Colonel, Fifty-Fifth
Ohio Volunteer Infantry

i86i]

Quartermaster Sergeant
Commissary Sergeant
Sergeant-MajorHospital Steward
Leader of the Band and
Principal Musician
Second Principal Musician
Band Company A
Captainist Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Noncommissioned Officers
Privates
Company B
Captain ist Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Noncommissioned Officers
Privates
Company C
Captain ist Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Noncommissioned Officers
Privates
Company D
Captain 1st Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Noncommissioned Officers
Privates
Company E
Captain 1st Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Noncommissioned Officers
Privates

ORGANIZATION

Benjamin C. Taber

James G. Millen

Mahlon Lambert

Noncom-

WilUam E. Childs

- missioned

Charles F. Boos

Staff

in Peter Remming

Charles B. Gambee
Benjamin F. Eldridge
WUUam H. Long
Augustus S. Bement
WiUiam D. Sherwood
FrankUn J. Sauter
Horatio N. Shipman
Henry W. Persing
Arthur Cranston
Frederick A. Wildman
Charles P. Wickham
Frederick H. Boalt
Edwin H. Powers
Albert E. Peck
Francis H. Morse
Officers
Officers
Officers
Officers
Officers
13
83
13 73
13
85
1379
13
67
24
99
89
95
»3
TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS

[1861

Company F
Captain ist Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Noncom missioned
Privates
Company G
Captain ist Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
NoncommissionedPrivates
Company H
Captain 1st Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Noncommissioned
Privates
Company I
Captain ist Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Noncommissioned Privates
Company K
Captainist Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Noncommissioned Privates

Daniel S. Brown
Jacob Thomas
Charles D. Robbins
Officers

Horace Robinson
Robert Bromley
Charles M. Stone
Officers

James M. Stevens
Randolph Eastman
Robert W. Pool
Officers

Ira C. Terry
Richard F. Patrick
Hartwell Osborn
Officers

Rudolphus Robbins
Henry W. MiUer
James K. Agnew
Officers

Officers

Officers

1371 87

13
68 84

> Officers 3

13
83 99

,- Officers 3

13
76 92

Officers 3

967

CHAPTER II
THE OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA
DURING the War of the Rebellion the State of Ohio furnished,
in response to caUs for troops, 313,000 men of all arms.
Under the first call, April 15, 1861, Ohio placed in the field twenty-
three regiments of three-months troops, and these commands, after
serving their term, re-enUsted, almost to a man, for three years.
Early in April, 1861, General Robert E. Lee, as Major-General in
command of Virginia State troops, assigned certain points in that
State to be occupied, among which were Fredericksburg, Manassas
Junction, Harper's Ferry, and Grafton. It was essential to the Con
federate plans that the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
should be permanently broken, and it was equaUy essential to the
Union Army that this great commercial artery should be kept in
tact; thus the Maryland- Virginia frontier became at once the scene
of activity. General Robert E. Lee and General T. J. Jackson essayed cam
paigns against Generals McCleUan and Lander in West Virginia,
and General Johnston against General Patterson in the Shenandoah
vaUey; but the Confederate generals gained no laurels in their
efforts, and were expeUed from West Virginia by McClellan. The
armies of both the Union and Confederate governments were des
tined to meet in front of Washington, on the historic field of Bull Run,
July 21, 1861. This battle, so disastrous to the Union Army, opened
the eyes of the North to the real nature of the conflict, and there was
no uncertainty in the response to the urgent call for troops.
On the 22d of July, 1861, President Lincoln caUed for 500,000
men for three years' service. In response to this call the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio was organized, at Norwalk, October 17, 1861, and took the
field on the 25th of January, 1862, having a muster roll of 967
officers and men. Arriving at Grafton, West Virginia, January
28, it made a short stay, being ordered, February 3, to New Creek
(now Keyser), West Virginia, from which point it made two ex-
23

24 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
peditions into the enemy's country, — one to Romney, sixteen miles
distant, February 6 to 8 ; and one to Moorefield, forty mUes distant,
February 12 to 16. These marches, over a rough country, in the
depth of winter, over trails covered with snow, and across moun
tain streams swoUen and almost impassable, were a rough intro
duction to a soldier's Ufe.
The detaUs of these expeditions are given in the foUowing
chapter by Rev. W. A. Keesey, who was at that time a member of
Company I and preserved the record in his diary.
On the 19th of February the command returned to Grafton,
where it was for a time decimated by measles and camp diseases,
occasioned by exposure to the trying winter weather.
On the 31st of March the regiment moved to Green Spring, Vir
ginia, where it received equipment and enjoyed the pleasure of break
ing in green mules to its wagon-train — an experience amusing enough
as memory recaUs it, but at the time exasperating to the last degree.
Moving by slow marches via Romney, about April 15 the com
mand reached Moorefield and became a part of the brigade of Gen
eral Robert C. Schenck, an Ohio general of distinction and force.
This brigade consisted of the Fifty-Fifth and Eighty-second Ohio,
the Fifth West Virginia, De Beck's Ohio Battery K, and a battaUon
of Connecticut cavalry.
The mountain department was at this time commanded by Gen
eral John C. Fremont, who had reheved General Rosecrans on
March 29. The department was divided into four districts, as fol
lows: First, the Raihoad District, under General B. F. KeUey;
second, Cumberland District, under General R. C. Schenck; third,
Cheat Mountain District, under General Robert MUroy; fourth,
Kanawha District, under General J. D. Cox — the total force under
these commanders aggregating about 19,000 men. General Schenck
had been assigned to the Cumberland District upon the death of
its former commander, General F. W. Lander, March 2, 1862.
General Fremont had planned a campaign against KnoxvUle and
the East Tennessee and Virginia Raihoad, intending to move via
the vaUey of Virginia, having the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for
a base, and with the intention of taking Staunton en route. To this
end instructions were issued to General MUroy to move from Cheat

Charles Stillman
Second Lieutknyxt, Company D

Abner D. Twaddle
Company D
Killed May 15, 1864. in Battle of
Resaca, Ga.

1 862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 25
Mountain, via Monterey, and, if possible, join the troops under
General Banks, who were threatening inferior forces under General
Jackson in the vaUey.
General Schenck was instructed, on April 7, by General Fremont,
to advance via Moorefield and Franklin and to co-operate with Gen
eral MUroy, whose advance guards had passed Monterey and were
skirmishing with the command of General Edward Johnson on Shen
andoah Mountain. General Fremont appreciated the difficulties of
his proposed task, and pressed vigorously for additional troops, with
the result of persuading the President to direct, on March 31, that
Blenker's division of the Second Corps be detached from McDowell's
command. General McClellan reluctantly assented to this depletion
of his reserve force, to which had been assigned the duty of covering
Washington whUe his grand army essayed the capture of the Con
federate capital.
This division of German troops consisted of twelve regiments of
infantry in three brigades, commanded respectively by Stahel,
Bohlen, and Von Steinwehr, and four batteries of artillery, with one
regiment of cavahy. The aggregate of the command was about
12,000 men. On the 7th of March it moved from its permanent
camp at Hunter's Chapel, Virginia, being directed to march toward
Fort Monroe. On the ioth of March it was directed to march
toward Harper's Ferry, and to report for orders from that point.
Up to AprU 12 no report was received, and the command was prac
tically lost. General Rosecrans was then directed to find the division
and conduct it to Moorefield, where General Fremont would give
orders. The march of this command from March 31, when it was assigned
to General Fremont, to May 11, when it reached Petersburg, Vir
ginia, would be comical were it not so pitiful. Poorly equipped at
best, having abandoned aU its tent and garrison equipage, it seems
to have been entirely neglected by the War Department, whose
energies were directed towards furnishing McCleUan's grand army
with complete equipage and stores. General Rosecrans reported
that for forty days, during a most inclement season, the division had
had no tents or shelter of any kind, and at Winchester, April 19,
reported necessary delay, caused by lack of shoes, forage, provisions,

26 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
and horses both for batteries and trains. On the 15th of April,
whUe crossing the Shenandoah at Berry's Ferry, upon an improvised
ferry, Bohlen's brigade lost forty officers and men by the sinking of
the ferry-boat, caused by carelessness and panic.
General Schenck, with his Uttle command of about 2,400 men,
arrived at Petersburg AprU 29.
The march of the brigade was preceded by Company A of the
Fifty-Fifth Ohio, which, under Captain Gambee, was detailed to
construct a telegraph Une from Moorefield to FrankUn.
The adventures of this pioneer company are detailed in a letter
from Henry C. Henney, a private in Company A, to his famUy in
Ohio. This is given verbatim at the end of this chapter.
The route led up the valley of the south branch of the Potomac,
a stream which flows between the ridges of the Alleghany Mountains
paraUel to the Shenandoah vaUey. The mountain trail was difficult,
and, arriving at Petersburg, May 3, the swoUen waters of the South
Branch presented a serious obstacle. With his accustomed energy
General Schenck pressed his command forward and the stream was
passed, but not without serious danger and many exhibitions of
courage and skill in braving and overcoming the opposing elements.
The brigade reached Franklin May 5, and encamped nine mUes
south on the 6th, when word was received from General Milroy that
his advance was checked, and that he had retired and concentrated
at McDoweU, a hamlet about ten miles east of Monterey, where he
was threatened by a superior force and needed help. Three com
panies of the Fifty-Fifth had been detaUed to scout the adjacent
country and could not be reached in time, and General Schenck
ordered a forced march to McDowell. For twenty-four hours the
command trod the mountain trail, covering thirty-four mUes without
rest, and at noon of May 7 their timely arrival dehghted the hearts
of MUroy* s command.
The few companies of the Fifty-Fifth were placed in reserve with
the battery on a commanding elevation, while the Eighty-second
Ohio and the Fifth West Virginia were placed in Une with Milroy's
command, and took part in the battle.
The Confederate General, T. J. Jackson, on April 5 (his com
mand numbering then about 4,000 men) called for reinforcements,

1862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 27
having been defeated at Kernstown by General Banks in the engage
ment of March 23. Ewell's division, 8,000 strong, with two regi
ments of cavalry and fourteen pieces of artillery, was directed to
report to him, and on April 21 the two commands were united near
Swift Run Gap. General Robert E. Lee, at this time fearing that
McDoweU's command would move to reinforce McClellan before
Richmond, or that Banks and Fremont would move on Staunton,
directed General Jackson so to dispose his forces as to neutralize this
threatening combination, favoring a blow at the force under Milroy.
On the 4th of May General Jackson moved with his command to
join General Edward Johnson, having a force of 8,000 infantry, in
three brigades, five batteries of artillery, and one battalion of cavalry.
General Johnson's command consisted of six regiments of infantry,
three batteries of artiUery, and five squadrons of cavalry, a total of
3,000 men. Directing General Ewell to watch the Union Army
under General Banks, then near Strasburg (EweU's command con
sisted of 8,000 infantry, two regiments of cavalry, and fourteen
pieces of artUlery), General Jackson marched rapidly to Staunton,
where he united with General Edward Johnson, and thence passed,
via the turnpike, over the Shenandoah Mountain. On the 8th of
May the opposing commands of Milroy and Johnson met upon Bull
Pasture Mountain, near McDowell.
General Milroy's command comprised four regiments of infantry
and one battery of artillery. General Schenck, arriving about noon,
sent forward the Eighty-second Ohio and the Fifth West Virginia
to join MUroy; the Fifty-Fifth Ohio remained in reserve. The
position at McDoweU being untenable, General Schenck directed
an attack upon the enemy, who were rapidly taking position on
SitUngton's HUl, a spur of the mountain commanding the Uttle
valley of BuU Pasture River. The attack was made with skill and
intrepidity, and a sharp contest ensued, resulting in serious loss to
the enemy, who had 498 killed and wounded, while Schenck's com
mand lost 256 kUled and wounded.
Under cover of night General Schenck retired, and by easy
marches on the 9th, ioth, and nth of May, reached Franklin, where
position was taken in the rear of the vUlage upon commanding
ground.

28 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
Company D of the Fifty-Fifth, under Captain F. A. Wildman,
was detached from the regiment on April 7 and stationed as a guard
at a ford over the South Fork of the Potomac River at Moorefield.
On the 14th of May a surgeon in charge of an ambulance arrived at
Moorefield, and reported having been fired on by bushwhackers near
WardensvUle, a smaU vUlage about thirty miles east of Moorefield,
and that his patients had been murdered.
General Fremont at once organized a force to punish these
scoundrels, and Lieutenant-Colonel Downey of the Maryland Poto
mac Home Brigade with fifty men of Captain WiUiam Firey's cavalry
and sixty infantrymen of Company D, Fifty-Fifth Ohio, under
Lieutenant F. H. Boalt, marched from Moorefield at 5 a. m. of
May 17 with orders to burn the viUage. This order was, however,
recalled, as the citizens were able to prove their innocence of the
crime. The expedition moved rapidly, reaching WardensviUe just
at night. The guerrillas were surprised, ten of their number being
captured, and Captain Hanson was killed. Returning by another
road, the command unexpectedly came upon the headquarters of
Captain John Umbaugh, a noted bushwhacker, who, with two of his
men, was kiUed, and five were wounded and captured. The expedi
tion then returned to Moorefield.
Colonel Downey, in making his report, failed to mention Company
D or to note the fact that it was with him, and therefore no credit
for its good service is recorded in the Official Record. Corporal
Stacey of Company D was present and still preserves the charge
from Captain Umbaugh's shotgun as a souvenir of the affair. By a
curious lapse Colonel Downey in making his report places the date
of the expedition at May 7, a week before the outrage was com
mitted. (See Official Record, Volume XII, Part I, pp. 457.)
General Fremont, with the troops of Blenker's division, crossed
the South Branch at Petersburg on the 12th and reached FrankUn
on the 14th. The Fifty-Fifth now experienced a serious shortage
of suppUes; provisions and forage were scarce, and both men and
beasts suffered great inconvenience.
The enemy for a day or two pressed our lines about FrankUn,
but soon retired; Jackson was next heard from in the Shenandoah
vaUey. With his wonted energy, he crossed Shenandoah Mountain

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1 862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 29
on the 14th, and at Lebanon Springs gave his troops a short rest.
Moving again May 17, he joined Ewell on May 25, and with the
combined force attacked Banks at Front Royal, capturing 700
prisoners, a battery of ten-pounder Parrotts, and a large quantity
of commissary stores. Pursuing vigorously, Banks's division was
forced from Middletown through Winchester, and finally across the
Potomac at WUliamsport.
A memorable experience of Schenck's brigade was its acquaint
ance with General John C. Fremont and his miUtary family. The
fame of this distinguished general had reached even to the Western
Reserve of Ohio, and his exploits as the Pathfinder of the Great
West had led our volunteers to look for a typical American soldier.
Our surprise may be imagined when we found the General-in-Chief
haughty and reserved, with a privacy secured by a retinue of aides-
de-camp dazzhng in gold lace, and, unfortunately, but few of them
at aU intimate with the American tongue. A report on file in the
War Records, by Colonel Albert, Chief of Staff, shows ninety-two
officers credited to General Fremont's headquarters, of whom fifty-
two were attached to his personal establishment. A number of
these were foreign soldiers who had satisfactory records in the pro
fession of arms; but there were also many "soldiers of fortune,"
greedy of personal gain, and vain to a degree. The Blenker com
mand, composed of the foreign-born, looked upon this display, so
out of place in the wilds of Virginia, with equanimity, if not with
approval; but the Western men, unused to trappings of state, were
first amused, then angered by the airs of superiority and authority
assumed by the gUded servants of the General, albeit their plumes
were by this time somewhat soiled and their gold lace was torn and j
rusty. Their disgust at the situation took a humorous form. Many ;
of these staff officers rode their horses with the EngUsh rising seat, ]
as it is sometimes caUed. To them, it was remarked, the sentinels \
and guards paid special honor, always saluting in due form, but '
also always with some ejaculation, which at last aroused curiosity. \
One of these gentlemen complained, investigation followed, and it *
was learned that some wag, amused at the " rising seat movement
of the aides, had accompanied his salute with the apologetic exclama- {
tion, "Don't rise for me, sir," which pleased all hands so much thati

)> 1

30 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
it became the custom, much to the disgust of the aides, who faUed
to see anything funny in it.
General Fremont was advised May 24 of Jackson's march against
Banks, and was directed to move against him at Harrisonburg. He
moved from Franklin May 25, directing his march via Petersburg,
which he reached May 26 (where tents and extra baggage were
stored), and Moorefield May 29. The forced movement over the
execrable roads was very trying to the half-starved troops, who had
been on short rations; the Blenker command, too, made marching
difficult by interfering with the orderly arrangement of trains.
On the 15th of May, before moving from FrankUn, Schenck's
brigade had been reorganized, and now consisted of the Thirty-
second, Fifty-Fifth, Seventy-third, Seventy-fifth, and Eighty-second
Ohio regiments of infantry, DeBeck's and Rigby's batteries, and one
battaUon of Connecticut cavahy. On the 30th of May the command
crossed Branch Mountain, ten miles east of Moorefield, toiUng over
muddy roads in drenching storms. On the ist of June, near Stras
burg, Jackson's column was struck, but too late to cut off his retreat;
and on June 2 the pursuit began, reaching Woodstock the same
night. Mount Jackson was passed June 5, Harrisonburg June 6,
and at Cross Keys, on June 7, the enemy was discovered ready to
dispute further advance.
In this battle, which took place the 8th of June, the Ohio brigade
occupied the right, being posted as a reserve to General MUroy. In
General Schenck's report of this battle he states that the enemy
stretched his Unes beyond our right flank, which compeUed him to
foUow the example, and he had reached a commanding position
upon the enemy's left and proposed to push an attack which promised
weU, but Stahel's brigade on the left of our Une was compeUed to
retire, and Schenck's brigade was withdrawn to concentrate toward
the weaker portion of the Une; as a consequence, the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio reported no casualties. The losses in the battle of Cross Keys
were, Union 635, Confederate 287.
Jackson crossed the Shenandoah by a bridge which should have
been destroyed by Shield's command, and on the 9th of June fought
the battle of Port RepubUc, in which his command largely outnum
bered the Union force, and was successful. He was at once directed

1862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 3 1
to join General Lee's army in front of Richmond, and, leaving his
feebler regiments to guard the passes of the Bull Run Mountains,
joined the forces of General Lee with all speed. With his force of
20,000 men he had, by energy and celerity, paralyzed a force
of three times that number, and illustrated vividly the error in
herent in a divided command.
The enemy now were beyond pursuit, and General Fremont
marched his command to Harrisonburg in torrents of rain and over
roads almost impassable. Here the command rested a day or two,
but on the 12th retired to Mount Jackson, and on June 24 reached
Middletown, where a junction was made with the commands of
Generals Banks and Sigel.
The tents and baggage left at Petersburg on May 27 now reached
the command, and for the first time in two months the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio had a comfortable camp and sufficient food.
The necessity of reorganization was apparent, and on June 26
the Army of Virginia was organized under General John Pope.
The organization into corps, as proposed, did not please General
Fremont; he asked to be relieved, and with his numerous staff dis
appeared from the scene.

From a Letter Written by Henry C. Henney, at Franklin, W. Va.,
May 14, 1862
From April 23 to May 5, 1862, Company A, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, was engaged in constructing a telegraph Une from Moorefield to
FrankUn, a distance of about forty miles. The wire was fastened to trees
whenever practicable, otherwise poles were cut and set in the ground where
needed, and the Une fastened thereon. In this way about four miles of wire
was strung a day. A strong picket line encircled the camp at night, and con
stant telegraphic communication was kept up with the rest of the army at
Romney and New Creek. As we neared FrankUn we were twenty miles dis
tant from the rest of our regiment and brigade, but there was a cavalry patrol
back and forth on the road every day.
A sparse population dwelt in the valley of the South Fork of the Potomac,
and pretended to be loyal to the United States. We used to buy ham, eggs,
and butter from them, and pay for same with silver coins, which were still
current in the Union Unes, but which had ceased to circulate in the South.
The people were glad to get something more substantial than Confederate scrip.

32 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
The rest of the regiment and brigade came up the valley after us, and on May 5
we were all together once more, and went into camp just north of Franklin.
On Tuesday morning, May 6, a forage train belonging to General Milroy's
brigade was attacked by bushwhackers on the South Fork about eight miles
distant and nearly captured. General Schenck sent a squad of cavalry around
the mountain and a detachment of volunteers under Lieutenant-Colonel Safford
over the mountains to try and capture the bushwhackers. The soldiers on this
detail were selected from Company A, and left FrankUn about 4 o'clock p. M.,
on May 6. In crossing the rapid stream on a foot-log six or eight of the boys got
dizzy and tumbled into the water, but no Uves were lost. One or two guns,
however, were drowned in the stream, and were accounted for on the accoutre
ment rolls as "Lost in action."
After cUmbing up the rough, rocky, mountain road for about three miles
we neared the summit, where we saw some men in an open space, and we de
ployed in a Une at the foot of a hiU and commenced ascending. When near
the top a man was seen scampering down a. ravine with a cartridge-box on.
He was ordered to halt, but he failed to do so, and several shots were fired
after him, with no other effect than to make him run all the faster. We searched
the entire settlement that evening, and found nothing that could be caUed con
traband of war save some saddles which were hid under some brush. We also
found and confiscated some maple sugar, which the inhabitants had made
from the maple-trees that grew on the mountains. Company A quartered in
a dooryard that night, and it was necessary to bum a good deal of wood in
the open air and sleep close by the fire to keep warm. I went out with four or
five others and slept in a hay-mow, and slept sounder than I have any time
since I have been in the army. The next morning we scoured the neighbor
hood, but got no trace of the bushwhackers. We succeeded, however, in getting
a good warm breakfast of corn bread, coffee, ham, and eggs from the natives,
who furnished everything but the coffee, which we suppUed from our haver
sacks. We returned to FrankUn about dark, and then learned that General Schenck's
whole brigade had left about noon for Monterey, having received word that
General Milroy's brigade at McDoweU was in immediate danger of attack
and overthrow by a much larger Rebel force under Generals Jackson and
Johnson. We quartered in a house in town that night, and early next morning
started for Monterey, distant twenty-four miles, where we arrived a Uttle after
sundown, and quartered in the court-house, intending to get up early enough
to reach McDoweU, eight miles distant, by dayUght. This march from
FrankUn to Monterey, twenty-four miles, was a very severe one.
During the night a messenger came to us at Monterey with the news that
our boys had been pretty severely whipped the evening before at McDoweU,
and were retreating towards FrankUn, and that we should faU in with the rear
train at eight o'clock in the morning. We then quietly withdrew from the place,
and at the stated time fell in with the retreating forces. I haven't heard how

Samuel Henney
Company A
Died June 7, 1864, of Wounds Received
in Battle of Resaca, Ga.

Henry C. Henney
Company A

1862] OHIO BRIGADE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA 33
many were killed and wounded on our side, as the report has not been made
out to my knowledge I saw wagon-loads of wounded, and am satisfied that
the Rebels beat us this time. It was an infantry fight altogether, as the artil
lery did not open on either side; for the belUgerents were so close that neither
party dared use sheUs or cannon-shot, as such use would have endangered
their own soldiers. Samuel saw the fight from a hill where our regiment was
stationed to support a battery. What he saw and experienced he may write
himself. We retreated to this place (FrankUn) in good order, though the enemy in
strong force was close on our heels, and his cavalry succeeded in capturing some
prisoners from our rear guard. Last Sunday was the most eventful day, and
we were called out long before day by the "Long Roll Call." Our pickets
were attacked, and there was shooting around camp, and the Colonel ordered the
drummer to beat a quick continuous roll on the drum, which brought us
out of our tents in a hurry. We returned to camp after a while, but were kept
close in hand, and about nine o'clock it seemed as if we would surely have to
set to with the Johnnies. We were formed in battle-Une across the narrow valley
about a mile south of the outskirts of FrankUn, but a few successful manoeuvres
by General Schenck made the enemy so cautious that we got our forces all in
advantageous position before they discerned what we were at. The Fifty-Fifth
supported the battery, which sent a number of shells in the direction of the
Rebels. Colonel Lee rode along our line and announced to us the victory of
the "Monitor" over the "Merrimac" on the James River, and had us give three
cheers over that and for the "60-round boys," so as to make us feel better, and
to discourage the Rebels. (The "60-round boys" was the name he called us
by, from the fact that we carried enough ammunition in our pockets to make up
that number of shots, which we were expected to fire at the enemy in the im
pending battle.) We gave the cheers in our best style.
Our position was such that the enemy could not flank us, and where we
could command the approaches from the south (the Rebel side), for over a mile.
General Schenck had some haystacks and fences fired so as to conceal our
movements from the enemy. The Rebels repUed to our artillery with a few
harmless shots from their batteries, which hurt nobody. When our arrange
ments were completed, the General ordered us to retreat through the pass
double quick into Franklin for a bait to lure the Rebels on. They followed in
good style, and when within range of our guns a volley was discharged at them,
which evidently satisfied their curiosity, for they kept at a respectful distance
the rest of the day. There was some skirmishing, however, aU day, in which
our brigade lost three killed and several wounded. The enemy tried every
possible way to reach our flanks. We remained in Une of battle that night,
sleeping on our arms, expecting an attack; but morning found the enemy just
as cautious as ever. Monday there was sUght skirmishing until in the after
noon it became evident that the Rebels were retreating. Thus ends this affair.
Why and with what results we have had aU this forced marching, fighting,

34 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
and retreating I don't know. Perhaps if the papers noticed it you may under
stand it better than we do who are the principal actors in the scene.
I saw General Fremont yesterday. He was accompanied by his staff. He
is a wiry, active-looking man, but is quite small in size. General Schenck
would make two Uke him in weight.
Two large reinforcements came in yesterday, and I think there are 15,000
troops concentrated here. We may make a forward movement before you get
this. General Blenker's brigade is here.
There has been fire in the mountains for several days, and it is so smoky
that we can hardly bear it. This is a very mountainous country, and the people
are very ignorant, and most of them are Secesh. The band has just struck up
"Do They Miss Me at Home ?" WeU, if they do, then why don't they write ?
But I must stop, not because my news is exhausted, but I am cold and tired,
having been out in the rain part of the day, and writing letters the rest of the time.
Please remember us to our friends, and beUeve us faithful to our country
every time. From your brother,
Henry Henney.

CHAPTER III
MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY FROM FEBRUARY 9 TO JUNE 4
By Rev. W. A. Keesey
ABOUT the 9th of February, 1862, the regiment left Romney and
started for New Creek, now called Keyser. It had come from
this place on a forced march to Romney and left its camp equipment
and non-combatants at New Creek, and was now anxious to reach
the camp, as the weather was very cold and disagreeable. It there
fore took a shorter but more difficult route back to New Creek.
At 3 o'clock p. m. it reached the summit of the hill and was
halted for dinner. Some beeves were hastily cooked and parcelled
out to the men. I do not know that I ever relished a morsel more
in my Ufe than I did one of the kidneys, which fell to me in
parceUing out those cooked beeves.
After this hastUy improvised dinner was dispatched Colonel Lee
caUed the men into Une and asked the regiment which they pre
ferred — to go on the remaining twelve miles into camp at New
Creek, or to attempt to camp there for the night on the bleak hills.
This was the only time I ever knew Colonel Lee to leave the regi
ment to decide such questions. Remember, reader, these men were
footsore and weary from the previous march, and the scorching winds
and icy sleet were cutting through their clothing as through a sieve.
Nearly all the men voted to go on to camp. I think many would
have perished had we tarried for the night on the barren hills. On
our way down and into the valley a stream crossed the road in such
a zigzag manner as to compel us to wade or ford it twenty-one
times. At midnight the head of the column reached camp at New
Creek. But the line was wonderfully elongated. Some of the
weaker men were yet four miles in the rear. Captain Boos's cornet
35

36 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
band was brought out of camp and struck up in Uvely fashion,
"Away down south in the land of cotton,
Cinnamon seed and sandy bottom,
Look away, look away — "
It is astonishing how this music put new hfe into the soldiers. Men
all played out now hurried on into camp with elastic step.
On the nth of February, 1862, the Fifty-Fifth, in company with
another regiment (the Seventy- third Ohio), two brass guns, a few
cavalrymen, and some wagons, left camp at New Creek and
marched southward. The weather was clear but crisp, and the
command awoke after a night's rest greatly refreshed. But it also
ought to be remembered that there always are guards, — picket and
camp guards when in camp, and when on the march there usuaUy
are advance and rear guards. These, to some extent, are not en
abled to get the benefit of an undisturbed rest, but must faithfully
attend to their respective duties at any expense, and trust to future
opportunities when off duty to make up for the rest they have lost.
On the 12th this little army took up the Une of march, and as
Colonel Lee, on leaving camp at New Creek, had told his men to
watch and pray and keep their powder dry, no questions were asked.
This day the line of march was continued into the foUowing night.
Possibly about midnight the Potomac River was reached about three
mUes north of Moorefield. The ferry, which was the only means of
crossing the river here, had been destroyed or hid, the enemy no
doubt having learned of the approach of the Union forces. We
now learned that this movement of the command was with the object
of crossing the river here and in the morning faUing upon and rout
ing or destroying a Rebel force occupying Moorefield. While the
officers were consulting what to do, some of the men, experts at the
business, had whittled some of the fence-rails into kindling and
started a fire. The blaze had hardly attained the size of a mule's
ear when, — bang-bang-bang-zip-zip-bang-zip-bang! — the enemies'
pickets were blazing away at us, while the Colonel's angry order
clearly rang out, " Extinguish that fire I "
This was the first time the Fifty-Fifth was under fire. AU had
been breathless sUence until that flickering blaze invited the vigUant
enemy's fire. The pickets were on the opposite side of the river,

Rev. William A. Keesey
Company I

Ira C. Terry
Captain, Company I. Brevet
Colonel, March 13, 1865

1862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 37
evidently, but the darkness prevented our knowing their presence,
and the silent approach of our troops was only revealed to the enemy
by the reckless, hasty kindling of that fire. With what a peculiar
feeling then did we realize for the first time that we were under the
enemy's fire! We did not know but that ten thousand weU-armed
troops were ready to pour volley upon voUey into us. Breathlessly
we awaited some signal or order for action, and we were hastily but
sUently marched away in the darkness. I do not remember ever
doing more difficult marching than that of this dark night, or rather
morning. The road was rough and covered with sleet, making it
almost impossible to stand.
Just at the break of day on the 13th of February we came to the
river on the west side of town. We had made a detour and had
struck the river at another point, but the enemy was there to obstruct
our way. A lively skirmish ensued, in which our cannon were un-
Umbered and brought into action. The enemy had a very formidable
line beyond and overlooking the town from the towering hills. The
first shot aimed at this Une did not quite reach it, but tore up the
ground some distance in its front. A great cheer went up from the
Rebels, as they supposed they could not be reached by our guns,
which had not yet crossed the river. But the next shot went tearing
through their Une and took a file of men with it, while another went
screeching through the court-house and made it interesting for the
darkies, who were very glad "de Yankees had come." Our wagons
were run into the river and bridged over, and the men crossed on
them. The enemy retreated; we went into the town and took
thirty-two prisoners, two hundred and forty head of cattle, and a load
of bacon. The bacon was returned, I do not know why. The
river was recrossed and our return march began for New Creek,
which was reached in due time.
On coming to this place the first time the Fifty-Fifth relieved
some other command, which had previously camped here. Al
though not occupying this old camp, some of the boys had the good
fortune to find on the old camp ground a five-dollar gold piece, a
pocket-knife, and other trinkets. This gave them a Klondike craze
for rich finds, and all the old bunks were stirred up. This proved
very disastrous, for the former command, who had occupied these

38 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
bunks, had there had the measles. On the 18th of February the regi
ment came again to Grafton. Everything got soaking wet. It
rained constantly during the time of going into camp. The ground
upon which the tents were pitched was soaked; in a few days two
hundred of the men were down with the measles and in two weeks
nineteen of these had died. The field hospital was filled to over
flowing, and some were lying in the mess tents, while officers were
provided with shelter in some of the dwellings.
In this camp at Grafton the regiment received its first pay from
the government. Here, at its first encampment, it had had its in
troduction to the immortal "hardtack." And here, on its return, it
was introduced to the important " greenback." I shall not attempt
to say when it had its first engagement with the omnipresent " gray-
back." On the 31st of March the Fifty-Fifth boarded the Baltimore and
Ohio train and supposed it was destined to Cumberland, Maryland.
WhUe the train conveying it was making twenty or twenty-five
miles an hour around a curve in the side of a mountain a few miles
west of Piedmont, Virginia, the brake-beam on the hind truck of the
tender dropped down and deraUed that particular pair of trucks.
These trucks, as they bounded over the lies, soon refused to run with
the speed of the train, and were left behind. In this movement they
derailed the car foUowing, whUe this in turn threw the next car off
the track, and in the mean time the hind end of the tender had dropped
down on the track. This general mix-up, of course, brought the
train to a very sudden standstiU; but fortunately no one was seriously
hurt. A new engine was brought up, the wreckage cleared away,
and the regiment was taken on to Green Springs, where on the ist of
April it went into camp. On the 3d of AprU it marched on to Spring
field. Here the river was spanned by a wire suspension bridge.
On the 6th of April the regiment marched on to Romney and went
into winter quarters, for, although late in the spring, there was severe
winter weather. Here, by some means, the officers got a clue to an
intended feigned or real attack by a Rebel force lying at Winchester.
This necessitated extra picket service. Fourteen men were sent four
mUes out on the Winchester road to do picket duty. It was a fear
ful, stormy night, and no attack was made. Colonel J. C. Lee of the

1862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 39
Fifty-Fifth was in charge at Romney. There was a battery of
artillery, and possibly some other troops in his command at the
time, but there was comparatively little to do but guard duty,
the inclement weather preventing even the usual drilling of the men.
On April 15, 1862, the regiment left Romney. The first thing to
do was to cross the Potomac River. It will be remembered that the
enemy had burned the bridge here on our first visit in February. A
ferry, therefore, had to be hastily constructed upon which to
cross the river. This was an awkward concern, capable of trans
porting about two hundred men at a trip. There were pulleys upon
either end, through which a large rope ran, and this was made fast
to a tree on either side of the river. The water here was very deep and
had a powerful current. The men by pulling upon the rope could
convey themselves across, but it was a dangerous operation, as when
the upper or current side was loaded rather heavily the boat would
dip, and was likely to slide the men off into the water. It is said that
in one instance sixteen men were drowned by this sort of mishap.
From the river the hne of march was taken up for Moorefield.
This place was reached on the 17th, and here Camp Lee was estab
lished. At this place in February some slaves concluded to go with
the regiment ; they all cherished the idea that the Yankees had come
to deUver them from slavery. Some of the more daring ones con
cluded to have their liberty as soon as possible, so they were taken as
cooks, some for the officers, and some as company cooks. On the
regiment's return to Moorefield these colored boys sauntered on be
fore the column to meet their kinsfolk, who had come out of town on
learning of the return of the Yankees, and were sitting Uke ravens on
the fences. When the returning ones greeted these friends and told
them of their exploits " wid de Yankees," their ejaculations and ex
clamations of joy knew no bounds. Their hearty " Yah-yah-yah I
Hiee-hiee! Ha-ha-ha!" with tears of joy, was not only amusing
but touching, and many an old soldier was brought to appreciate
more fuUy what slavery was, and what liberty is. The colored peo
ple wanted these boys to return with them, but they preferred to re
main "wid de Yanks." Some of their masters or masters' friends
afterwards came into camp and wanted the officers to return their
slaves. This frightened these colored boys very much, giving them

40 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
an ominous foreboding of what might be in store for them in case
they were returned to their former cruel masters. But the officers
of the Fifty-Fifth gave all to understand that we were now in Dixie
for other purposes than to catch and return the bondman.
At Moorefield the men by hundreds went bathing in the
Potomac. One man, whose name I cannot give, from near RepubUc,
Ohio, while trying to swim across the river, was drowned.* While in
Camp Lee we had to guard and protect the person and property of
an old planter by the name of McNeal. Our boys could take the
rough side of the weather while doing guard service for him, and all
the while McNeal could eat at his table, sleep in his bed, and work
his slaves on his plantation unmolested, even protected, by our men.
But we shall have occasion to give him notice further on. Here at
Moorefield the Fifty-Fifth was made a part of the brigade in com
mand of General Robert C. Schenck. This brigade was composed
of the Fifty-Fifth and Eighty-second Ohio, the Fifth West Virginia,
DeBeck's Ohio Battery K, and a battalion of Connecticut cavalry.
The mountain department was now commanded by General John
C. Fremont, who had reUeved General Rosecrans.
About the 29th of April we left Moorefield, and our march took
us to Petersburg. Of all the rocky scenery, this march capped the
cUmax. For mUes upon miles along the Potomac the rock work,
piled up and hewn down by the hand of the Almighty, with here and
there a beautiful grotto in the towering walls, cast up against the
sky — oh, what scenery! At Petersburg we established Camp Zeig-
ler. Here General Schenck was in command.
On the 3d of May, 1862, a forward movement was ordered, and
the first thing to do was to cross the river. Here at Petersburg the
rocky bed spreads out in such a way as to form a ford. Of course,
in order to give this shaUow water the swift-running Potomac has
to be widened out considerably and have a very rapid current. It
is about a half-mile in width at the ford. The teams were taking
the men across, and probably two regiments or more were safely
over, when a battery of artiUery was crossing. They got into deep
water, and in less than half an hour two men and eight horses were
drowned. The writer of this narrative, who was crossing with an
* George W, Minus, Company E. — Editor.

Frederick A. Wildman
Captain Company D

Horace Robinson
Captain, Company G
Died of Wounds Received in Battle of
Chancellorsville, Va., May io, 1863.

1862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY- FIFTH OHIO 41
ambulance loaded with two women, two soldiers, some camp ket
tles, and other traps, was among those who got into deep water;
after floundering and losing a wheel off his ambulance, he barely
escaped without loss of life.
Colonel Lee came up at this juncture — he had been on a court-
martial at Winchester — and on seeing the drowning men and horses,
said, "Not another man of my command shall cross there."
"Do you intend to disobey orders, Colonel?" said General
Schenck. "Not when they are according to the regulations of war," said
Lee. "Show me the regulations," said Schenck.
Whereupon Colonel Lee took from his portmanteau the regula
tions and read that, "you cannot force man nor beast through stand
ing water" — I think it read — "more than three feet and ten inches
deep." This, however, was much deeper, and had a current against
which a horse could scarcely stand.
"Take your men, Colonel, and go into camp up there on the
hill," said the General. Some men were put to work constructing
rafts, and by the next morning the rest of the men were ferried
across. The command then marched to FrankUn, West Virginia, which
was reached on the 6th of May. Here rations were very scarce.
The feed was stolen from the teams by the hungry men. On the
8th the march was resumed, and at 10 p. m. we went into camp.
Here the teams were left under guard, and the command was rushed
on to McDowell, where Stonewall Jackson had Milroy cooped up,
the swift march being made to reUeve him. There was a sharp en
gagement, but the Fifty-Fifth Regiment suffered no serious casualty.
On the nth of May the head of the column was turned back to
ward FrankUn, which was reached on the 12th. On going into camp
near Franklin Lieutenant Patrick of Company I, with a number of
men, was sent back on the pike to estabhsh a picket post. They
were driven in by the enemy, with a loss of two of their number, who
were taken prisoners and sent to Libby prison. On the 13th of May
General Fremont came to Franklin with twelve thousand men. This
army left Franklin on the 25th of May; so the Fifty-Fifth became

42 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
connected with a very formidable army. Petersburg was reached
on the 26th, and at twelve o'clock the 27th of May the march was
taken up for Moorefield, which was reached in the night. On the
28th we forded the Potomac River. A rope was fastened across the
river, and the men waded over in single file. This was a tedious
and dangerous task, on account of the depth of the water and force
of the current. The army was next rushed on to Pine Summit.
On leaving Moorefield we passed the McNeal plantation again.
But how changed was the pohcy of war now ! Before when here we
had to guard and protect this man and his estate. This time the
boys were turned loose, with the result that a cyclone seemed to have
been at work. CeUar, larder, and garret disgorged and paid tribute
to the boys in blue. And what a sight! As this marching column
moved on they strung the contents of that rich plantation for ten
miles along the route. Hogsheads of molasses, barrels of sugar,
casks of preserves, caddies of tea, coffee, spices, fruits, with
loads of bacon, flour, and produce from the garden, all were
melting away as if by magic, while everywhere could be seen men
with aU manner of vessels conveying away what they could take as
their share of the spoUs. Some had jars, pitchers, pails, vessels of
every known and some unknown descriptions, filled with anything
coming to hand — a wash-dish filled with honey, a slop-pail dripping
with molasses, a scoopshovel carrying pickles, a dipper with flour,
a cuspidor filled with peanuts. One feUow had tied up some onions
in the misses' underwear, while another one was carrying stockings
filled with sugar. We were four miles from the McNeal plantation,
and here was a fellow with a pail two-thirds full of what to me looked
like preserved cranberries. "Pard, for heaven's sake divide," said
I. He replied: "Just help yourself." I did. I took a whole tin
cupful, he was so good-natured about it. And everybody was good-
natured then. Why should they not have been ? Meanwhile we
were hurried on to Pine Summit.
On the 31st of May, a terribly hot day, we were put on a forced
march to Strasburg. The troops in front of the Fifty-Fifth led off
at a fearful rate. Of course, we were bound to keep up. Soon it
was raining. Again the sun came out and everything was steaming.
Lo, they are double-quicking, and flap, flap, flap, sound the cartridge

1862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 43
boxes on the men's hips — Uke loose heavy harness on horses when
trotting — as they run to keep up with those ahead of them. At
times the Colonel would ride along the line and in turn scold and
beg, saying, "Men, we must hold our position; do hurry up."
We are doing our very level best. Some are throwing away their
overcoats and blankets as the sharp orders of the officers along the
line ring out, "Hurry up, there. Move on rapidly."
And now the roar of the not distant cannon explains this haste
and confusion, while here come aides galloping along, crying out the
orders, " Hurry up there, Fifty-Fifth. Turn to the right down there,
Colonel, and form on the left of the command just in front of you."
Our position is soon found in a rye-field, through which the line
is formed, and we are supporting a battery which has already begun
its terrible work of death and destruction. Oh, how terrific! How
the guns do roar!
A terrific storm had been gathering in the skies ; the black clouds
were streaked with forked hghtning. But little heed was paid to
the muttering batteries of heaven; for General Fremont had found
General Jackson, and dire punishment must foUow the latter's
audacity in coming down into this valley and doing up General
Banks's little force, as Jackson had done a short time before. The
lines are closing up. Battery after battery is brought into action.
The indications are that with Fremont and twenty thousand men,
and Jackson with perhaps twenty-five or thirty thousand, a general
decisive engagement will be brought on; and as the day is too far
spent the very bloody work will be left for the morrow. But this is
no trifling introduction to battle. We see our guns cutting great
gaps through the enemy's Unes. The gunners are doing their best.
But now the batteries of heaven are vying with the batteries of
earth. The storm bursts upon us in all its fury. Hail, vapor,
fire, and smoke. Oh, how terrible! You could scarcely distin
guish between the crash of roaring cannon, bursting shell, Ughtning
flash, and thunderbolt. The pelting hail and pouring rain compel
the gunners to let up a little. Men all heated with a twelve-mUe
run under a scorching sun in a temperature up in the nineties, un
der the strain of a terrible battle, taking this sudden coohng bath in
a deluge of hail and water, surely have their physical powers well

44 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
tested. A kind Providence seems to interpose, for night is coming
on, and the roar of battle is dying away with the receding storm.
We must now sleep on our arms in this rye-field. In that latitude
and season of the year rye is about in blossom. But the thousands
of men and teams, with the pouring rain, have churned the rye and
soil into a mortar about eight inches deep; and this is to be our bed
for the night, with the probability of a terrible renewal of the battle
on the morrow.
During the storm and night, however, the enemy improved his
chance and sUpped away. The next day, June 1, Jackson being
routed and fleeing up the Shenandoah valley, we set out after him.
This is known as Fremont's raid up the Shenandoah valley. The
forced march, the battle, and the night in the mud were not designed
to fit men for capturing a wily foe in a military race on muddy roads
under a scorching June sun. But these difficulties were as trying on
the enemy as on us.
This beautiful luxurious valley, subjected to frequent raids, gave
evidence of the terror in the track of war. June 2 and 3 were put
in as the first heavy marching. At Mount Jackson the bridge was
burned. This place was left behind on the 4th. At Newmarket
we were close on to the enemy. At Harrisonburg the advance guard
had a skirmish in which the Rebel General, Ashby, was kiUed. On
the 5th, 6th, and 7th we put in some hard marching in rain and hail
showers, or under June sun, as the weather changed. On the 8th
we were nearing Cross Keys when "the cannons' opening roar" pro
claimed the kind of work on hand for us to do. Although we had
marched at a very rapid rate on this entire raid, the usual hurry pre
ceding a battle ensued.
We are nearing the roaring guns. Colonel Lee comes along
the line and says, "Now, boys, if we hold our position, we shall
have the enemy foul. Shields and McDowell are obstructing his
front and we can press him." Aheady the rattUng musketry and
the booming cannon add interest to the excitement of battle. We are
rushed up in close reserve. Yonder in the woods the roar of battle
indicates that a heavy engagement is on.
The Fifty-Fifth is taken across an open field where some solid
cannon-shot come very unpleasantly near. Colonel Lee cries out

c=b'c&
'III'  '/,, , "--^ ^t'lll,,^
'din"' 'inii.it"'

<?, 
y
%ltfii'/v>'t'\..",,""""uM STAKEX'S Sr!
¦-''"''' '\n^w''ii, ,,„•"'/, ,.''"''/' 

TRIMJIE

1862] MOVEMENTS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 45
the order clear, "Lie down!" Here we waited, expecting to be
called into action. But after some delay we were moved to the rear
of twenty-four guns which had not yet been brought into action.
They were unlimbered and ready for execution. As night was near
at hand, and the terrific roar of battle was slacking, the indications
were that the Fifty-Fifth would not be called into action until morn
ing. A six-horse team, with driver in the saddle, hitched to a wagon
loaded with ammunition for the artillery, was standing near by, and
an officer mounted on a fine horse was awaiting the signal to direct
the team to any part of the line where it might be needed, when, in
the very lull of battle, as the shades of night were beginning to fall, a
Rebel battery on a distant hill got an alignment on that team and
opened a murderous fire on it. The first shot took the officer's
horse in the hip. Of course the horse went down. What became
of the officer I do not know, nor do I think the driver knew, by the
way that load of ammunition was jerked out of danger. In a moment
the heavens were aglare and the hills trembled in the rage of battle,
as the twenty-four guns belched forth defiantly their missiles of death.
That inviting challenge had been promptly and effectively answered.
The Rebel battery was completely silenced, and again the luU of
battle followed. We slept on our arms, ready for any emergency, but
our night slumbers were much disturbed by thoughts of the wounded
and dying and dead around us, and in wondering who of our num
ber would be added to them on the morrow.
At break of day on the 9th Colonel Lee, from the saddle in front
of the line, said, "Now, boys, we have the hardest work to do
to-day, for we are on the centre and we must do our part well. For
ward, march!"
The line moved out onto the ground where the previous day's
conflict had raged, expecting every moment to meet the enemy in
force. It came to an old frame church. This had been turned into
a hospital and was filled with the wounded of the battle of the day
before. Just behind this structure, at an open window, lay a great
pile of arms and legs which the surgeon's knife and saw had helped
the shot and shell to take off. Many of the men, undergoing the
torturous pain necessarUy accompanying such operations, were
without bread. The Colonel asked the boys to share their hardtack

46 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
with these wounded men, and they hustled out their crackers
at once. As the Une advanced, aU of a sudden a huge black smoke ascended,
as if issuing from a great smokestack about a half-mUe in front.
Some horsemen were instantly rushed ahead, and soon returned
with the information that the enemy had crossed the river and fired
the bridge.
Our Une was now advanced to the river; the bridge was falling
to pieces in the flame. Port RepubUc, about a mUe or a mile and a
half away, could easUy be seen ; and on its streets we could see some
army wagons and a few troops hustUng away "right smart." As
Shields's and McDowell's troops were supposed to be across the river,
it was not certain whether these were some of their men or whether
they belonged to the enemy. General Schenck ordered our color-
bearer to dip the flag. Receiving no response, he ordered the artil
lery to give them a few shots. He also sent a courier to General
Fremont or the division general that the enemy were across the river
and the bridge was burned.
Thus ended the battle of Cross Keys. Five hundred and fifty-
nine of the enemy were killed. The wounded are not given, and
our loss is unknown.

CHAPTER IV
THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862, UNDER GENERALS
POPE AND SIGEL
DURING the month of June, 1862, while the Union Army under
McClellan was fighting about Richmond, the armies of Mc
Dowell, Banks, and Fremont had been, with varying fortunes, fighting
the Confederate General Jackson in Western Virginia and in the Valley.
FoUowing the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic General
Jackson had slipped away to join the army of General Lee, leaving
only a rear guard of his feebler troops to occupy the southern passes
of the Blue Ridge. The Union Armies located on the eastern slope
of the Blue Ridge were recovering from the losses and waste of their
exhausting campaigns. President Lincoln, recognizing at last, the
evil effects of attempting to direct campaigns from the capital, on
June 26 called from the West Major-General Pope, giving him com
mand of the three corps now organized into one army, caUed the
Army of Virginia. The army of Fremont became the First Corps,
that of Banks the Second, and that of McDowell the Third, the total
force aggregating about 45,000 men of all arms. The success
ful campaigns of the armies in the West had impressed the mind
of the President, so he chose General Pope to lead the army
collected for the defense of Washington, and on July 11 assigned
Major-General Halleck to the position of Commander-in-Chief of
the Armies of the United States. On the 14th of July General Pope
addressed his command in a general order, the tone of which was
offensive, breathing a spirit of braggadocio which did not commend
itself to the hardened troops who had learned by experience the
wisdom of the Bible about the futility of boasting before the battle.
The order, while it offended good taste, hurt no one except its author.
In the general reorganization of the army the Ohio Brigade be
came the Second Brigade of the First Division, First Corps, Army
of Virginia. The brigade consisted of the Twenty-fifth, Fifty-Fifth,
47

48 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
Seventy-third, and Seventy-fifth Ohio Infantry and DeBeck's Bat
tery K, Ohio Light Artillery. Colonel McLean of the Seventy-
fifth Ohio commanded the brigade, General Schenck the division,
and Major-General Franz Sigel the corps. The effective strength
of the First Corps was 11,500; that of the Second Corps was 8,000;
and of the Third Corps 18,500. The cavahy numbered 5,000, and
the artillery, including the reserve, thirty batteries.
That part of Virginia in which General Pope was to operate hes
between the crests of the Blue Ridge on the west and the Atlantic
seaboard. The principal watercourse is the Rappahannock River
which, rising in the Blue Ridge and flowing to the east, bisects the
principal road between Washington and Richmond, about equidis
tant from either city. Its principal tributary is the Rapidan, which
skirts the elevated and sterile plateau called the Wilderness. The
raihoad from Alexandria to Richmond crosses the Rappahannock
at Fredericksburg and continues by way of Culpeper Court House
and Gordonville. In order to relieve the pressure of the Confed
erate Army about Richmond upon the Army of the Potomac, which,
after the terrible struggle during the " seven days' fight," was recu
perating upon the James River, General Pope made his dispositions
to threaten the Confederate left and rear at Gordonsville. He
directed the corps of General Sigel to move on July 7 from Middle-
town via Front Royal to Luray, and thence by way of Thornton's
Gap in the Blue Ridge to SperryviUe on the eastern slope of that
range. The division arrived at SperryviUe after a march of three
days over good roads and through a country interesting not only for
the beauty of its scenery, but on account of historic associations.
Here, from July 10 to August 8, rest, good food (the ration being
supplemented by an abundance of berries, just ripening, and vege
tables), and the easy routine of the bivouac brought the command
into the best physical condition. The command of General Banks
(Second Corps) was placed at Hazel River Bridge on the Une be
tween SperryviUe and Culpeper, and a division of McDowell's Third
Corps was pushed on to Culpeper. The available force for field ser
vice was about 28,000. During this month General Jackson with
a small corps moved up to GordonsviUe, but feared to attack
Pope's army, and asked for help. General Lee, on the 5th of

Rudolphus Robbins
Major, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry
Killed May- is, 1R64, in Battle of Resaca, Ga.

Daniel F. DeWolf
Major, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry

1862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 49
August, learned from Colonel John Mosby, who had just been
exchanged, that Burnside was moving to Aquia Creek from Fort
Monroe, and, rightly divining that this was the prelude to the move
ment of McCleUan's army to northern Virginia, did not hesitate to
reinforce General Jackson; accordingly, on the 7th of August that
officer advanced from Gordonsville to attack Pope at Culpeper, hav
ing a force of about 30,000 men in three divisions, commanded
by EweU, Winder, and A. P. Hill. General Pope at once
gave orders to concentrate at Culpeper, and the First Division moved
at 5 p. m., August 8, marching all night. General Sigel had
caused a delay of several hours by a question about the proper road
to take; but at 11 a. m., August 9, the command came within
sight and hearing of a fierce battle which was being waged between
the small corps (7,000 in number) of General Banks and about
double the number of Confederates under Ewell and Winder upon
the slope of Cedar or Slaughter Mountain. This is an elevation
of considerable height, running north and south, and is a prominent
feature of the landscape, about two miles south of Culpeper. In
spite of the disparity of numbers, the corps under Banks inflicted a
severe check upon Jackson's command, and had reason to congrat
ulate itself on the result, although its losses were severe, being nearly
one-third the number engaged. Jackson felt keenly the loss of
1,283 kiUed and wounded, and retired to the south bank of the
Rapidan before advising the Confederate authorities of his doubtful
victory. General Pope pushed his pickets forward and confronted
the Rebel Army at all the fords of the Rapidan. The First Corps
took position on Robertson's River, six miles south, where heavy
duty, picketing, and observing the enemy occupied the command
until August 18, when it became certain that the Confederate forces
had been reinforced and were again on the offensive. On the 16th
a cavahy expedition had captured the Adjutant-General of the Rebel
General Stuart, and had secured an autograph note of General Lee
to General Stuart, dated August 13, disclosing his plans for an ad
vance in force of the Confederate Army with the intention of over
whelming Pope's army before it could be reinforced by the army
under General McClellan, now withdrawing from the Peninsula.
On the 16th of August HaUeck advised General Pope to retire be-

50 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
hind the Rappahannock, where he could be more readily reinforced
and suppUed. Being convinced of the necessity for prompt action,
General Pope began the movement in retreat. On the 18th the First
Corps marched to Culpeper Court House, thence to Sulphur Springs,
and from that point to Rappahannock Station, where sounds of
battle indicated that the corps of Banks and McDoweU were resist
ing the attempt of the enemy to cross the river.
On the 22d it became evident that the enemy was in great force
before the river, and the corps marched to Freeman's Ford, where a
severe artiUery duel took place, lasting at least two hours. The
Second Brigade, concealed by thick woods, was formed along the
road, and witnessed the exciting duel from a position of safety. At
about 3 p. m., firing having ceased, General Bohlen crossed the
river with his brigade and reconnoitred the enemy's position. Skir
mishing ensued, in which General Bohlen was kiUed. His brigade
retired and crossed the river in haste. The pursuing enemy were
received and checked by a voUey from the Belgian muskets of the
Twenty-fifth Ohio, whose ancient arms resounded Uke cannon.
On this date General Stuart with 300 Confederate cavahy crossed
the river at Waterloo Bridge, and by evening reached Catlett Station,
where he demorahzed the raihoad and train service, and captured
General Pope's headquarters train, a prize of great value to
General Lee. He quickly retreated, evading with Uttle difficulty
the few hundred train guards and escort.
Early in the morning of the 23d the corps moved up the river
toward Sulphur Springs, which was reached on the 24th. The heavy
rains had flooded the streams, and the enemy's artiUery at Sulphur
Springs was a menace. The command, however, was pushed for
ward, and about 5 p. m. on the 24th reached Waterloo Bridge,
which had been held by Early's command, which had crossed the
stream and had been prevented by the high water from returning.
The energy of General Jackson, however, improvised a bridge, and
Early escaped. During the 24th General Pope was endeavoring to
place his army in line to resist the menacing enemy. He was
greatly hampered by his trains, which at that period of the war
were excessive, and the service, both of wagon and raihoad trains,
had been almost disorganized by the bold raid of Stuart and by

1862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 51
General Pope's brutal dismissal of Colonel Haupt, who had charge
of the railway service. So serious did the evil become that on August
18 Colonel Haupt was reappointed by Secretary Stanton and given
full authority.
Meanwhile, the Confederate Army was massed upon the right
bank of the Rappahannock and, well rested, was preparing to take
the offensive. August 25, at daybreak, General Jackson put in
motion his three divisions of infantry, with Stuart's cavalry in the
lead, and accompanied by the usual artillery. He crossed Hedg-
man's River, principal affluent of the Rappahannock, at Hinson's
Ford, and proceeding in a northeasterly direction reached Orleans
by evening. Colonel J. S. Clark, of the Signal Service, a member of
General Banks's staff, with the usual daring of that corps, had suc
ceeded, on the 25th, in gaining an elevation from which, at great peril,
he watched the march of Jackson's corps and reported thirty-six
regiments of infantry with cavahy and artillery in the Rebel column.
Separated from the Union forces and hidden by the Bull Run Moun
tains, the Rebel column was hurried forward with aU the speed it
could endure. Over fields and through paths hardly visible, forcing
its way through woods and over streams, by midnight it reached
Salem, on the Orange and Alexandria Railway, and but a short dis
tance from Thoroughfare Gap. Early in the morning of the 26th
General Jackson seized this defile, and his columns at once poured
down in the rear of General Pope's army upon the raUroad on
which he reUed for suppUes and reinforcements. At 8 p. m. the
telegraph Une between General Pope's headquarters and Washing
ton became silent, as General Stuart reached Bristoe Station. Gen
eral Jackson, with the infantry, arrived later in the evening and at
once began his work of destruction. Two Confederate regiments,
the Twenty-first Georgia and the Twenty-first North Carolina, with
Stuart's cavalry marched on Manassas Junction, seven miles east,
and as day broke on the 27th, captured the post. An immense booty
was the result, and the greatest confusion prevailed among the Union
forces and in Washington. Having no wagons, the Confederates,
after filUng haversacks, applied the torch, and soon nothing remained
but smoking ruins. General Pope, threatened by Longstreet along
the river front, does not seem to have appreciated the significance of

52 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
Colonel Clark's report, but appears to have had the intention of
crossing the Rappahannock in front of his left flank and attacking
Lee in the rear. He had been assured that General McCleUan's
army would reinforce him at once, and appears to have relied on
General HaUeck to protect his depots. During the night of the 26th
he learned, however, that Stuart was at Bristoe Station, and that
Jackson had been at Salem the night before. The inference was
' obvious, and he at once abandoned the Une of the Rappahannock to
concentrate between Manassas and Thoroughfare Gap. The main
road from Alexandria to Warrenton intersects the turnpike and also
the raihoad from Manassas Junction through Thoroughfare Gap,
at GainesviUe, and this was, therefore, the strategic point which it
was necessary to reach in order to intercept the force which Jackson
had so daringly placed in his rear.
In the mean time General McCleUan's army had begun to arrive.
Heintzelman's corps, which he had landed at Alexandria on the 22d,
was on the march to overtake General Pope's army, but it was not
until the 24th, late at night, that Warrenton Junction was reached.
The First Corps remained at Waterloo Bridge aU day of the 25th,
and it was nearly sunset when General Sigel discovered that his sup
ports upon either flank had disappeared. He was threatened upon
each side and menaced by a strong force of the enemy in front.
Fortunately an officer from General Pope brought orders in time,
and the corps marched aU night over country roads, arriving at War
renton about daybreak. The 26th was a day of rest for the First
Corps at Warrenton. General Pope had his army well in hand at
Warrenton, FayettevUle, and Warrenton Junction when he learned
of Jackson's presence in his rear. He also knew that the largest
part of the enemy's force was in front of him at Sulphur Springs and
Waterloo Bridge. It became a necessity to march on GainesvUle,
meet Jackson, crush him if possible, and regain communication with
Washington. During the 27th it became certain from scouts and
spies that Longstreet's command, composed of five divisions of aU
arms, had foUowed the route taken by Jackson, and that his head of
column was near Salem, and therefore not far from Thoroughfare
Gap. It was imperative that the passage of the Gap should be
prevented and with it the concentration of Lee's army. The First

Rev. Alfred Wheeler
Chaplain, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry

Charles F. Boos
Leader or the Band

1862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 53
Corps reached Buckland Mills early in the day and drove the
enemy, who had posted cavalry and artillery at the ford, Milroy's
command taking about 150 prisoners. By night a force of about
25,000 men under McDowell was concentrated at Buckland Mills,
while two divisions of Heintzelman's corps under Kearney and
Reno were at Greenwich in support. General Pope marched with
Hooker's division along the railroad from Bristoe Station toward
Manassas. In the afternoon Ewell's division of Jackson's command
was encountered at Kettle Run. A severe engagement ensued,
each command losing some 300 men killed and wounded. General
EweU retired and closed up on the retreating column of General
Jackson, who had directed his march upon Centreville. Jackson
continued the march directly to Sudley Springs (Hill's division
moving to CentreviUe, thence via the Warrenton turnpike), where,
on the 28th, his entire command was united between Sudley Springs
and Groveton behind the unfinished branch of the Manassas Gap
railroad, thus being effectually screened from hostile observation.
The Fifth Army Corps, under General F. J. Porter, had disem
barked at Aquia Creek August 22, and proceeded by rail to Falmouth,
whence it marched via Kelly's Ford and reported to General Pope
from Bealton Station, August 25. Orders were given for this corps
to move to Warrenton Junction, which point was reached August 27;
at the same time General Pope was advised that the corps of General
Franklin, 10,000 strong, had disembarked at Alexandria, and that
the division of General J. D. Cox, from West Virginia, had reached
Washington. Beheving that Jackson was between Manassas and
Centreville, General Pope felt that his converging columns would
interpose between Longstreet at Thoroughfare Gap and Jackson's
force, and that he would be able to crush him before help could come.
It now seems plain that he erred in drawing toward his right. Had
he concentrated toward the Gap, the hiding-place of Jackson's corps
would have been uncovered, and a decisive action would have taken
place before Longstreet could have reached him.
Upon the 28th, therefore, all of General Pope's forces were march
ing toward Manassas. The First Corps moved from the Warrenton
turnpike southeast and crossed the Manassas Gap railroad. General
McDowell had directed General Sigel to move, having his right

54 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
resting on the raihoad; but the order was misunderstood, and the
corps took greater distance to the right than was expected. General
King's division marched on Sigel's left, and General Reynolds's
division on the left of King's, his command being astride of the turn
pike. General McDowell sent General Ricketts's division to the
support of the cavahy to retard or prevent Longstreet from passing
Thoroughfare Gap; but the effort was too late. His division was
attacked on both flanks, and retired, leaving Longstreet free to join
Jackson near GainesvUle.
The marching on the 28th was tiresome in the extreme. The
weather was intensely hot, the roads were exceedingly dusty, and the
supply of water for the troops, aheady worn by the demands of the
campaign, was scanty. The commands had reached a point upon
their march two and a half miles from Manassas when the cavahy
announced that that point had been evacuated. Orders were
received to march on CentreviUe, and, when near the fords of BuU
Run, clouds of dust from Hill's retreating column gave promise of
speedy action. At last General Pope located the position of General
Jackson's army; attracted by the opportunity of attacking the Union
left as the army marched on Manassas, General Jackson moved
against General Reynolds on the Warrenton pike, and Gibbon's
brigade had a sharp and bloody contest, which ended with the day.
Orders were sent General Sigel to change direction on his left, and
the First Corps went into bivouac on the heights near Groveton,
paraUel to the Warrenton pike. The gloom of the summer night
was for an instant Ughtened by a Une of fire, as General King's
division, planted squarely on General Jackson's right, dehvered a
final voUey.
Early in the morning of the 29th the First Corps prepared for
the work of the day. The First Division had bivouacked on the
Henry House Hill, which was one of three hills running perpendic
ularly to the Warrenton turnpike. General Sigel pushed the com
mand forward during the morning, foUowing the turnpike, and
passed Groveton, manoeuvring against the enemy's right flank.
ArtiUery firing was constant during the day, but few casualties
resulted. The First Division, being the left of the army, made the
farthest advance, marching by 10:30 A. m. about two miles from the

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1862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 55
bivouac of the 28th. At this moment the enemy began to resist our
advance, and endeavored to turn our left flank, and General Schenck
found himself unable to execute his orders to change front to the
right and. attack General Jackson's right and rear. But General
Reno now appeared, marching down the turnpike, and reinforced
the right of the division, while General Reynolds, about noon
took position on the left. The aggressive attitude of the enemy was
explained by the arrival of Longstreet's advance, which reached the
turnpike at Gainesville at 10 a. m., thus protecting and relieving
Jackson's right flank. About 2 p. m. General Hooker with his
division, consisting of three brigades of the Third Corps, arrived on
the field, and at once relieved the tired soldiers of Mihoy and Schurz,
who had for eight hours borne a heavy burden. Relieved by these
accessions of fresh troops, the First Division retired to the position
occupied during the previous night and bivouacked.
When the morning of Saturday, August 30, dawned, it found the
army of General Jackson strongly posted on the road from Sudley
Springs to Gainesville. General Longstreet's command was posted
on Jackson's right near Gainesville, Hood's Texas brigade being
formed astride the turnpike. All the morning was occupied in recon
noitring and adjusting positions. The corps of General Porter,
which had, by an unfortunate misunderstanding, been idle up to
this time, now took position in front of the First Corps. The Second
Brigade of Schenck's division was in line north of the Warrenton
turnpike near the Dogan House. About noon the Fifty-Fifth Ohio
was posted as a reserve behind the battery on the left of the turnpike,
being directed to act as a vidette and to connect with Reynolds's
division, which was posted on the Bald Hill, lying just west of the
Henry House Hill. About 4 p. m._ General Pope made a determined
attack on Jackson's front and right; General Porter's corps charged
with great vigor, but was met by an enfilading fire from eight Con
federate batteries, which General Longstreet had placed upon a
commanding eminence where his army joined Jackson's, and about
half-past four it fell back in disorder upon Sigel, who had massed
his corps in reserve. Before General Sigel had time to deploy, the
Confederate troops were in motion upon his right. But King's di
vision came speedily and repelled the assault. On the left of the

$6} TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1862
turnpike General Reynolds found himself in serious trouble, being
attacked upon his left. The brigade of General Schenck was sent
to the Bald HiU, where, facing to the west, they resisted the attack
of General Longstreet's troops. In the mean time the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio, retiring by the rear, reached the summit of Bald Hill, and there
formed hne, facing north ; but perceiving that the attack was coming
from the west, it wheeled by regimental front to the left, and amid
the cheers of the brigade came on the double quick into line. Hood's
Texas brigade, following the turnpike, came forward with tremendous
dash and force, but failed to break the stern front of the Buckeye
troops, and feU back in disorder. General Schenck rode up to the
Une and cheered on the exultant division (receiving just then a bullet
wound in his sword hand which disabled him permanently); but
the Confederate hne made good their attack on the left, and soon the
supporting troops on both left and right began to retire from the
storms of shot and shell which enfiladed theh ranks. The brigade
fell back over Young's Branch to the CentreviUe turnpike, where
broken ranks were restored.* In crossing the valley of the stream
Corporal WUUam Bellamy of Company G, a color-bearer, was
struck down by a cannon-ball, which tore the colors into fragments
as well. It was a glorious sight to see Upon the left the brigade of
Tower, of Ricketts's division, and the Regular brigade, under
Buchanan, firmly resisting the Confederate assault. Other troops
under Meade and Seymour joined them, and McLean's brigade
soon reported for orders. In checking this offensive movement of
Longstreet the Union Army was saved from a great disaster. Had
Longstreet's corps succeeded in its attempt to reach the Warrenton
turnpike at the stone bridge over BuU Run, the Union Army might
have been divided and ruined. The obscurity of the night and the
uncertainty of the fords at Bull Run compelled the Confederate
*John C. Ropes, in his "Army Under Pope": "The struggle for tbe possession of
the Bald Hill was most obstinate and sanguinary. McLean's brigade of Schenck's divis
ion was first sent to hold it, and did hold it handsomely, repulsing several attacks both in
front and rear, until the command was reduced to a skeleton  In their first violent
attack on this strong position, even the impetuosity of Hood's Texans failed to make any
impression. Hood was compelled to fall back, and all that could be done, says Evans, who
commanded the division, was to hold the enemy with the other brigade until Anderson's
division came up  The account which Generals Benning and Anderson give of their
experience with these two brigades is very interesting, it was evident that the troops who
held the hill held it with obstinate courage, and that they yielded only to assaults of fresh
troops."

1862] THE VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN OF 1862 57
commander to suspend operations. Amid pouring rain the Union
troops retired to CentreviUe for food and much needed rest. The
First Corps covered the retreat, deploying behind the bridge until
the trains had passed. After destroying the bridge it marched in
retreat, reaching Centreville Heights at daybreak of August 31.
The losses of the Fust Corps attested the severity of this engage
ment. The command numbered scarcely 12,000 for duty, of whom
2,087 were killed, wounded, and missing. The proportion of kiUed,
289, is unusuaUy large. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio reported kUled, 14;
wounded, 16; missing, 21 — a total of 95 out of 540 in action.
All day August 31 the troops rested. The enemy reconnoitred
the Une with cavahy, but made no attack. General Jackson, how
ever, had executed one of his characteristic manoeuvres by moving
rapidly via the Little River turnpike to turn the Union right, but
was checked at Chantilly and Ox HUl by the divisions of Hooker,
Kearney, and Reno in a short but sharp engagement, in which
Generals Kearney and Stevens were killed, a loss to the army which
was well nigh irreparable. On the 2d of September the army was
withdrawn to the defenses of Washington. The First Corps found
a resting-place at Upton's Hill and time to recruit its diminished
ranks, wasted by the severity of the campaign, which, from August
8 to September 5, had been one of constant and unremitting labor.
The Confederate Army, under General Lee, soon made a fresh
assault upon the rear of the Union Army by the series of manoeuvres
which culminated in the battle of Antietam. In this campaign the
First Corps took no part, but in the reorganization of the army was
henceforth known as the Eleventh Corps, Army of the Potomac.
The specific movements of the regiment from September 22 to
December 9 are noted in the Itinerary, but it has been impossible to
find records or diaries covering this period as minutely as could be
wished. The movements during this period were, however, not
important.

CHAPTER V
ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE
THE soldier of the hne in the infantry can have but Uttle oppor
tunity to learn the general scope of a battle ; the limit of vision is
usually the limit of knowledge, and this chapter therefore describes
but one phase of the battle of ChanceUorsviUe, an engagement, or
rather a tragedy, fuU of disaster and sorrow to our cause, but fuU of me
mories of glorious deeds, of self-sacrificing effort, and heroic courage.
The Army of the Potomac passed the winter of 1862-63 in Vir
ginia upon the left bank of the Rappahannock, opposite the town
of Fredericksburg. Major-General Burnside was in command,
having replaced General McClellan. On the nth of December a
most disastrous battle was fought, which resulted in great loss of
hfe, and, what was worse, in serious disaffection among the generals,
who blamed each other for the disaster. The Eleventh Corps,
which was organized and so named in September, 1862, having
been much shattered by long marches and hard fighting, had been
stationed in the defences of Washington, but was now caUed to hasten
to the scene of active operations. Marching from ChantiUy Decem
ber 10, the command on December 11 was within hearing of the
sound of battle all day. The recollection of that rapid march with
the muffled sound of cannon away in front remains with the survivors
to this day. The corps arrived too late to take any part in the battle,
but was soon caUed out to undertake that trying and futile effort
which has gone down into history as the "Mud March," and then
went into winter quarters near Brooke Station.* General Joseph
*" Morning dawned upon another day of rain and storm. The ground had gone from
bad to worse, and now showed such a spectacle as might be presented by the elemental
wrecks of another deluge. An indescribable chaos of pontoons, vehicles, and artillery
encumbered all the roads, — supply-wagons upset by the roadside, guns stalled in the mud,
ammunition trains ruined by the way, and hundreds of horses and mules buried in the
liquid mud. The army, in fact, was embargoed: it was no longer a question of how to go
forward — it was a question ot how to get back. The three days' rations brought on the
persons of the men were exhausted, and the supply-trains could not be moved up; to aid
the return, all the available force was put to work to corduroy the rotten roads. Next
morning the army floundered and staggered back to the old camps; and so ended a move
ment that will always live in the recollectionlof the army as the " Mud March," and which
remains a striking exemplification of the enormous difficulties incident to winter cam
paigning in Virginia." — Swinton's " Campaigns of ihe Army ofthe Potomac."
58

Joseph Hooker
Major-General, U. S. A.

Franz Sigel
Major-General, U. S. V.

1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 59
Hooker replaced General Burnside, taking command of the Army
of the Potomac January 26, 1863. The order assigning him to this
post was accompanied by a personal letter from President Lincoln,
which discloses his native good sense and strength of character, and
at the same time sheds a strong Ught upon the condition of affairs
in the army. It is as follows: Executive Mansion,
Washington, D. C, January 26, 1863.
Major-General Hooker:
General: — I have placed you at the head of the Army of the Potomac. Of
course, I have done this upon what appear to me to be sufficient reasons, and
yet I think it best for you to know that there are some things in regard to which
I am not satisfied with you. I believe you are a brave and skilful soldier, which,
of course, I like. I also believe you do not mix politics with your profession, in
which you are right. You have confidence in yourself, which is a valuable, if
not indispensable, quality. You are ambitious, which, if within reasonable
bounds, does good rather than harm; but I think that during G eneral Burnside's
command of the army you have taken counsel of your ambition and thwarted
him as much as you could, in which you did a great wrong to the country, and
to a most meritorious and honorable brother officer. I have heard in such
way as to beUeve it, of your recently saying that both the army and government
needed a dictator. Of course, it was not for this, but in spite of it, that I have
given you the command. Only those generals who win successes can set up as
dictators. What I now ask of you is miUtary success, and I will risk the dicta
torship. The government will support you to the utmost of its abiUty, which
is neither more nor less than it has done and will do for all commanders. I
much fear that the spirit which you have aided to infuse into the army
of criticising their commander and withholding confidence from him, will now
turn on you. I shall assist you as far as I can to put it down. Neither you
nor Napoleon, if he were aUve again, could get any good out of an army while
such a spirit prevails in it.
And now, beware of rashness — beware of rashness; but with energy and
sleepless vigilance go forward and give us victories. Yours very truly,
A. Lincoln.
With these words of counsel and warning ringing in his ears,
General Hooker addressed himself to his task. Under his vigorous
and skilful hand desertion was stopped, recruits came in, clothing,
equipment, and ammunition were received, and the spring of 1863
opened with a well-rested, fully prepared army of 113,000 men, eager

60 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
to retrieve mistakes and whip the Army of Northern Virginia which
confronted them 60,000 strong, under General Robert E. Lee.
Among other regulations one of the most valuable was the intro
duction of corps badges, as directed in the foUowing order.
Headquarters Army of the Potomac,
March 21, 1863.
For the purpose of ready recognition of corps and divisions of the army,
and to prevent injustice by reports of straggUng and misconduct through mis
take as to their organizations, the chief quartermaster wiU furnish, without
delay, the following badges to be worn by the officers and enlisted men
of all regiments of the various corps mentioned. They will be securely fastened
upon the centre of the top of the cap. The inspecting officers wiU, at aU in
spections, see that these badges are worn as designated.
First Corps — A sphere: red for the First Division; white for the Second;
blue for the Third.
Second Corps — A trefoil: red for the First Division; white for the Second;
blue for the Third.
Third Corps — A lozenge: red for the First Division; white for the Second;
blue for the Third.
Fifth Corps— A Maltese cross: red for the First Division; white for the Sec
ond; blue for the Third.
Sixth Corps — a cross; red for the First Division; white for the Second; blue
for the Third. (Light Division, green.)
Eleventh Corps — A crescent: red for the First Division; white for the Sec
ond; blue for the Third.
Twelfth Corps — A star: red for the First Division; white for the Second;
blue for the Third.
The sizes and colors will be according to pattern.
By command of Major-General Hooker. S. Williams,
Acting Adjutant-General.
The Eleventh Corps at this time consisted of twenty-seven regi
ments of infantry and six batteries of artUlery. Sixteen of the
regiments were veteran, having served with Fremont in the Mountain
Department, and with Sigel in West Virginia; they had also taken
an active part in Pope's Virginia campaign in 1862. The other
eleven regiments were new. The corps was sometimes caUed the
foreign contingent of the Army of the Potomac, owing to the large
number of German-speaking commands it embraced. In fact, there
were fifteen of these so-caUed foreign regiments in the corps, eleven

1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 61
of which were exclusively German, and numbered about 4,500 men;
the other four regiments were of mixed nationalities, and numbered
some 2,500 men. There was a great population of German born
or of German descent in the North when the war broke out, and
statistics show that nearly 190,000 men of German birth were en
hsted in our army during the Rebellion. The Eleventh Corps
contained perhaps the largest number in any one corps. Probably
three-fifths of the command were foreign born. Among the dis
tinguished names of which the corps could boast were Sigel, Schurz,
Prince Sahn-Salm, Von Steinwehr, Bohlen, Von GUsa, Buschbeck,
Frederick Hecker, and, not least, EmU Frey, who now holds a
distinguished position in the Swiss Republic. The Chief Engineer
of the corps was Colonel E. F. Hoffman, a Prussian of military
education, who had been decorated by the king of Prussia at the
age of twenty-four, and who had enjoyed the friendship and esteem
of General James H. WUson, as shown by a tribute to him in the
National Tribune of March 5, 1885. The corps received for its
commander, on March 2, 1863, General O.O. Howard, who, by his
empty sleeve, showed that his rank had been won by active field
service. The First Division was commanded by Brigadier- General
Charles Devens of Massachusetts; the second by Brigadier-General
A. von Steinwehr; the third by Major-General Carl Schurz.
General Devens was appointed to the First Division just nine
days before the battle, displacing Brigadier- General N. C. McLean;
he had previously served with the Sixth Corps under McCleUan.
His appointment was an unpleasant surprise, for the command had
served with and under General McLean during 1862 and had learned
to love and esteem him. Other changes were made in the corps,
which, in the event, justified Lincoln's maxim, that "it is not safe
to trade horses when crossing a stream." Had McLean been in
command of the division, Jackson could not have estabUshed himself
on the flank of the corps without being discovered, for the troops of
McLean's brigade had fought Jackson in Western Virginia and in
the Valley, and were aware of his "surprising" tactics. The First
Division was made up of two brigades; the first, under Colonel
Leopold von Gilsa, a veteran of the Prussian army, consisted of four
regiments, three from New York and one from Pennsylvania, and

62 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
numbered 1,400 men; the second brigade, commanded by General
N. C. McLean, consisted of five regiments, one from Connecticut —
the Seventeenth — and four from Ohio, viz., the Twenty-fifth, Fifty-
Fifth, Seventy-fifth, and One Hundred and Seventh, the last named
being German born or German speaking. The Ohio regiments had
been first brigaded by General Robert C. Schenck in January, 1862,
and had served continuously together since. I wiU not weary you
with further details of the organization of the corps, as it is with
those named that my statement deals.
On Monday morning, April 27th, the Eleventh Corps broke
camp and stretched away to the west. The day was warm and the
troops, full of Ufe and enthusiasm, rejoicing at the prospect of active
service and release from the duU routine of the winter's camp, left
Brooke Station without regret. Eight days' rations of bread and
three of meat had been issued. Each man carried one hundred
rounds of ammunition, and, as usual, an overcoat and blanket in
addition to the hundred and one accumulations of a permanent camp,
The April sun soon did its work, and by the time Hartwood Church.
fourteen miles distant, was reached, the roadside was covered with
overcoats and other articles, abandoned as too heavy or cumbersome
to be borne. Tuesday, April 28, was soon gone, and found the
corps at KeUy's Ford, on the Rappahannock River, about twenty-
five miles from Fredericksburg. Wednesday, the 29th, the Eleventh
Corps foUowed the Twelfth Corps, crossing the river, and also the
Rapidan at Germanna Ford, and encamped for the night upon
ground made historic the next year as the scene of the Battle of the
Wilderness. The Wilderness region consists of an elevated plateau, from
which numerous smaU streams descend toward the Rapidan and
Rappahannock rivers on the north, and to the sources of the Po and
the Ny at the south. Its soil is sterile, and its former dense forests
have been cut down to feed the furnaces erected for smelting the bog
ores which, from colonial times, have been dug from its surface.
The second growth of trees is stunted and mingled with a dense
growth of vines and bushes, through which are narrow, winding
roads, used only by the few denizens of the poverty-stricken
region. This forest is traversed on the south by the Orange

1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 63
and Fredericksburg road, sometimes called the Plank road, a good
highway. Thursday, the 30th, the long line of singing, shouting soldiers
moved on this Plank road southeast, and at night were safely estab
lished at and near ChanceUorsviUe, a point about four miles directly
south of the junction of the Rappahannock and Rapidan rivers, and
about twelve miles from Fredericksburg.
The operations of the army up to May 1 afforded the greatest
satisfaction to General Hooker. On Friday evening, about 5 o'clock,
he appeared with his staff at the Chancellor House and exhibited
his gratification in general order No. 47, dated April 30. In this
order he stated that " the operations of the last three days had deter
mined that our enemy must ingloriously fly, or come out from behind
his defences, and give us battle on our own ground, where certain
destruction awaits him." This vainglorious order was, to say the
least, premature.
General Hooker had committed a most serious blunder in the
part assigned to the cavalry. This arm of the service he had con
soUdated into one corps under General Stoneman, an experienced
and zealous officer and leader; but instead of utiUzing this force in
observing the movements of the enemy and retarding his offensive
movements, he retained only a small division under General Pleas
onton, the rest of the force being directed to make a raid upon the
communications of the enemy. The force assigned to the First
Division of the Eleventh Corps was just thirty-five men, a number
barely enough for orderly duty. Never was there a situation where
cavahy was more necessary, and never had a great army so small
a force. The situation of the Union Army upon the morning of Saturday,
May 2, was, therefore, as follows: beginning on the left, the Fifth
Corps faced east, having its left near the Rappahannock and its
right connecting with the Second Corps, which faced east and south
east, about ChanceUorsviUe; on its right was the Twelfth Corps,
facing south, reaching from Chancellorsville to Fairview and west
to Hazel Grove. The right of this corps was refused and supported
by Birney's division of Sickles's Third Corps. Next on the right
came the Eleventh Corps facing south and southwest, having its right

64 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
refused by foUowing the old turnpike (to Germanna Ford) which
leaves the Orange Plank road at WUderness Church, a point at which
the Plank road turns to the southwest, whUe the old turnpike road
leads northwest. The army thus faced east and south, with its right
flank refused.
Devens's division of the Eleventh Corps formed the extreme right
flank of the army. The First Brigade (Von GUsa's) was posted on
the extreme right, having two regiments in the thick woods facing
west and two regiments on the road facing south. It had no reserve,
and no protection except a slashing of smaU trees and bushes. Mc
Lean's brigade connected on its left, having three regiments on the
front Une and two in reserve, the Seventy-fifth Ohio being placed
about 700 yards in rear of the right, with instructions to act as a
reserve to the First Brigade if necessary. Von Steinwehr's division
was posted upon the right of Birney's division of the Third Corps.
He had but one brigade on the front line, the Second, under
Barlow, being in reserve. Schimmelfennig's brigade of Schurz's divis
ion fiUed the space between Devens's left and Von Steinwehr's right;
the remainder of Schurz's division was in reserve, and so located that
it could face either south, west, or north. This reserve under Schurz
was massed with instructions from General Howard that they should
change front and deploy according to the point of attack. Busch-
beck's brigade was fairly weU intrenched, but the value of intrench
ments was not so fuUy recognized then as later in the war, and the
protection afforded by the works made was of the slightest.
The reserve artUlery of the corps, which consisted of the batteries
of DeBeck, HiU, and Jahn, was located en echelon to the right and
rear of Von GUsa's brigade, on a knoU covered with smaU pines.
Some rifle pits were constructed near these guns, and Barlow's
brigade was posted there as a support to the reserve artiUery. This
reserve was in a good natural position, and available to meet an attack
either from the west or north. The earthworks at this point were
thrown up early in the afternoon of May 2, the work being done
under the supervision of experienced artiUery officers.
In forming his Une for a further advance upon the enemy, on
May 1, General Hooker discovered that General Lee, upon learning
of the successful flank march of the Union Army, had hastened from

Charles D. Dudrow
Company H

Henry M. Kellogg
Company G

1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 65
Fredericksburg with the bulk of his army and had formed a Une
about three miles in length, running from the Rappahannock River
to Massaponax Creek, and had his centre upon high ground at
Tabernacle Church, about two miles east of Chancellorsville. He
had left General Early with some 10,000 men to hold the defences
of Fredericksburg, and with some 50,000 men of aU arms at his
command prepared to meet the issue forced upon him. The Second
Corps of his army, under General T. J. Jackson, arrived about sunset,
and about 9 p. m. these two generals, by the light of a camp-fire,
considered the situation and prepared their plans. The Army of
Northern Virginia at this moment consisted of the flower of the
Confederate Army. Hard campaigning and much fighting had
inured them to all the vicissitudes of a soldier's life, and they were
filled with the enthusiasm of success. General Lee hesitated to
wear out his troops by attacking General Hooker upon his chosen
ground, weU fortified, and having superior numbers. At this moment
General Stuart, who commanded the Confederate cavalry, reported
to General Lee and advised him that the Union Army had no cavalry
upon its right flank between Dowdall's Tavern and Germanna and
Ely fords of the Rapidan. General Jackson then conceived the
briUiant idea which was to give him undying fame. He proposed
to take his Second Corps with fifteen or eighteen batteries of artiUery
and four brigades of cavalry and place himself behind the right wing
of the Union Army. This made necessary a march of fifteen miles
right along the front of the Union Army in daylight, evading pickets
and scouts who might give early notice of the movement. General
Lee would thus be left with only 10,000 or 12,000 men to occupy
and possibly fight the Union Army, and the Confederates would be
broken into three divisions, neither of which could assist the other.
The pecuUar nature of the Wilderness region favored the plan,
however, and he assented. Accordingly, at daybreak, on May 2,
General Jackson began the movement. His force consisted of
seventy regiments of infantry in three divisions: that of Rhodes,
twenty-two regiments; of Colston, twenty regiments; and A. P. Hill,
twenty-eight regiments. He had sixteen batteries of artillery and
four brigades of cavalry, a total of 33,400 men of aU arms. The
Confederate divisions of Anderson and McLaws were posted in line

66 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
facing the Twelfth Corps at Fairview Heights, and the Third Corps
at Hazel Grove; and behind this force which screened them, Jackson's
army followed the mine road to an abandoned furnace, called
Wefford's, about two miles south of the Third Corps front. The
movement of so large a force upon roads parallel to our line was
noticed by our pickets, and the Une advanced to observe it. At this
point the Furnace road, so called, runs south and southwest, and to
our pickets the Confederate forces appeared to be moving away from
our front. It was at once reported and believed that the Confed
erates had left Fredericksburg and were in fuU retreat on Richmond.
General Sickles hastened to get permission to follow the enemy, and,
with Birney's division and Pleasonton's cavalry, reached the scene
of action about 2 p. m., deploying two brigades of infantry and using
artillery against the Rebel column. At this time most of Jackson's
infantry had passed and were concealed in the dark recesses of the
forest. Not having sufficient force, as he thought, General Sickles
caUed for Whipple's division of the Third Corps, and also for
Williams's division of the Twelfth Corps, and finally also called for
and secured Barlow's brigade of the Eleventh Corps, which was in
reserve near the Wilderness Church, his total force being about
20,000 men. General Sickles's plan of following up, as he supposed,
the retreating army and giving battle had an important relation to
the Eleventh Corps. First, his movement left a gap on the left of
the Eleventh Corps and resulted in the large force under his command
— the two divisions of the Third Corps, one of the Twelfth, and a
brigade of the Eleventh — moving off two miles out of line and out
of touch with or supporting distance from the Eleventh Corps.
Besides, in taking away Barlow's brigade, the reserve artillery was
deprived of its infantry support.
General Sickles had sent Captain Moore of his staff to request
from General Howard a brigade to join his command and co-operate
in his attack. General Howard, always courteous and obUging,
regretted that he had no brigade which he could properly spare, and
pointed out to Captain Moore that Barlow's brigade was the only
one not in his line of battle or in near contact with it, and that that
was one of his largest and best brigades, in which were the Thirty-
third Massachusetts, Seventy-third Ohio, One Hundred and Thirty-

1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 67
fourth and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York, regiments of
splendid material and well officered, and that its commander was an
experienced officer, who had seen service with him in the Second
Corps (for General Barlow was at General Howard's side when he
lost his arm at Fair Oaks, and by his order took command of the
brigade) — that he could not, therefore, think of detaching that
brigade. In about an hour, as I learn from a staff officer who was
present, Captain Moore returned with an order from General Hooker
detaching Barlow's brigade and directing that it should report to
General Sickles. General Hooker thus entirely annulled his warn
ing telegram of 9:30 a. m., directing the right to be watched and
strengthened. General Howard, though keenly feeling this disregard of his own
judgment, and regretting the depletion of his force at such a time,
was too good a soldier to hesitate, and promptly gave orders to his
senior aide, who was his brother, Major Howard (General C. H.
Howard, now living in Chicago), to take the brigade to General
Sickles, and to observe its exact location, so that, when the duty for
which it was detached had been accomplished, the brigade could
be readily brought back. Major Howard first galloped to General
Sickles quickly, who pointed out the position where he wanted the
brigade, saying he was just ready to give battle, and that the Rebels
were retreating before him. Returning, Major Howard soon met
Barlow at the head of his brigade, and with him General Howard,
who had taken this opportunity to examine the ground between his
left and Sickles, thinking if the battle became general in that quarter
he might have to move his entire corps to the support of Sickles.
General Howard then returned upon a gallop to his own headquarters
at DowdaU's Tavern.
This removal of Barlow's brigade by request of Sickles and by
order of Hooker was one of the worst blunders of that fateful day.
It not only deprived the Eleventh Corps of a strong brigade, well
commanded, located, and fortified in a position to meet an attack
from the west and north, but it made the whole force of reserve
artillery comparatively useless. Had all the guns of this splendid
artillery enjoyed the infantry support which General Howard had
planned, they would, in all probability, have held the enemy in

68 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
check till night. This at least has been the conviction of many
officers of the Eleventh Corps.
Barlow's brigade marched fuUy two miles south of the Furnace,
but discovered no enemy. A sharp contest had taken place at the
Furnace about 3 p. m., in which the Twenty-third Georgia was
surrounded and captured. Jackson's column was not troubled
further, but pursued the march toward the west, and upon reaching
the Brock road to Germanna Ford turned north, and at 2:30 p. m.
the advance regiments began to form Une across the Ely's Ford road
on the right rear of the Union force. From a hiU on the Burton
farm General Jackson had a clear view, about 2 p. m., of the Unes of
the Eleventh Corps about DowdaU's Tavern and the Wilderness
Church, and placed his force with exact knowledge of the position.
He posted his command with its centre upon the old turnpike not
far from the Luckett House, the front being about two miles in
length. Rodes's division held the front Une, Colston's the second
line, and A. P. HUl's, partly in line and partly in column, the third.
A small force of cavalry and the Stonewall Brigade were placed upon
the Plank road, which joins the old turnpike at DowdaU's Tavern,
where the Eleventh Corps headquarters were estabUshed. Jackson
had thus a force of about 30,000 men on the flank and rear of the
Eleventh Corps, which, depleted of Barlow's brigade, numbered less
than 9,000 men, only about 1,400 of whom were posted to resist an
attack. About 5 p. m. a force of Rebel cavalry and artillery ad
vanced upon our right, and receiving a fuU volley from the One
Hundred and Fifty-third Pennsylvania, which was one of the flank
regiments, retired, having located our extreme flank.
AU that May morning was marked by a strange quiet which
settled down upon the corps as the soldiers rested in line, arms in
hand, waiting the coming battle. At noon guns were stacked for
dinner, but were resumed when the meal was finished. The whole
right wing was on tiptoe with suppressed excitement. Since 11 a. m.
the picket Une of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, under Captain Robbins, had
been sending in every half-hour reports of a movement in our front
to the right. Two or three shots were heard, first to our left, then
in front, then to the right, and rumor spread about that pickets had
heard artiUery moving in our front; but about noon General Hooker,

John R. Lowe
Captain, Company H

Pliny E. Watson
First Lieutenant, Company K

1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 69
superbly mounted, a picture of manly beauty, accompanied by a
large staff, came riding the lines. He was greeted with cheers as
he passed to the west and upon his return, and we all felt relieved
as we felt that our position had been personally inspected by the
commanding general and was safe. General Howard at this time
directed General Hooker's attention to the fact that there was a wide
gap between the right of the Eleventh Corps (which was the extreme
right of the army) and the river, and that there was therefore no
obstacle for the right to rest upon — nothing to prevent its being
turned. General Hooker replied that he would send a division of
cavahy to occupy that gap. It need hardly be added that General
Hooker never did this, and that the flank of his army was neither
protected by a natural obstacle nor watched by cavalry, and it was
impossible for the Eleventh Corps to stretch farther to the right.
The colonels of the regiments in line were, however, very anxious.
As the afternoon wore away the reports from the pickets came in
often and were so specific and imperative that Colonel Lee of the
Fifty-Fifth took the men to brigade headquarters, and then, with
General McLean, to division headquarters, expressing his deep con
cern and anxiety and requesting some immediate action. General
Devens received the information coldly, and upon the third visit
grew impatient, and at last said to' Colonel Lee, " You are frightened,
sir," with another remark about Western colonels being more scared
than hurt. Colonel Richardson, of the Twenty-fifth Ohio, brought
in four scouts who had been far to the front and reported that the
enemy were massing on our right. General Devens dhected General
McLean to send him back to his regiment. Colonel ReiUy, of the
Seventy-fifth Ohio, sent his Lieutenant-Colonel, Friend, with an
urgent message of like import; but General Devens said he had no
such news from corps headquarters and did not believe it. Colonel
Friend then went to corps headquarters, where he was laughed at
and warned not to bring on a panic. But the most convincing
evidence was from an artiUery officer, a prominent character in the
Eleventh, and afterwards in the Twentieth Corps, on account of his
dare-devil gallantry in action, and also because he had a habit of
wearing leather breeches. Captain Hubert Dilger, of Battery I,
First Ohio Artillery, was a trained artiUeryman holding a commission

70 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
in the Baden Mounted ArtiUery, and on leave of absence to enable
him to take part in our war. About 2 p. m. Captain DUger deter
mined to investigate the rumors of a large force on our right, and with
an orderly rode west beyond our line after vigorous remonstrance from
Colonel von Gilsa, who was very much disturbed and anxious over
the situation. Captain DUger soon ran into the enemy and had much
difficulty in escaping capture, being chased several miles, but he at
last eluded his pursuers, and about 4:30 p. m. reported, first at
corps headquarters, and then, by direction of General Howard, to
army headquarters, where he says a long-legged major of cavalry
laughed at his story and refused to allow him to report. Captain
DUger claims that his report was not seriously treated at corps head
quarters; but a corps officer who was present states that not only
was Captain Dilger sent to the army headquarters, but that other
scouts who came in from the front with simUar reports were sent
forward to General Hooker; but that the Army Commander had
become possessed with the same conviction that actuated Sickles, and
returned word to General Howard that the enemy were retreating
on the Plank road and that General Sickles was following him.
Brigadier- General van Alen, chief of Hooker's staff, wired at 4:10
p. m. to General Butterfield, "We know the enemy is fleeing and
trying to save his trains. Two of Sickles's divisions are among them."
It would seem that Jackson's strategy in putting out a skirmish line
in his rear was completely successful in creating the impression at
army headquarters, and even at the headquarters of the Eleventh
Corps, coming down from the army commander himself, that the
battle was to take place two or three miles south of the place where
the onset was made. Captain Dilger returned sadly to his battery,
and made preparations for the fight, even refusing to allow his horses
to go to water. Before he had completed his arrangements the storm
broke. From aU sources the news came frequently and persistently
that our right was seriously menaced, but these reports did not agree
with the one that the enemy could be seen retreating, and they were
rejected. About 5:30 p. m. General Devens rode down our line and,
halting just in rear of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, had some conversation
with a captain of cavalry, who appeared to be making a report.
WhUe they were talking a sheU from the right came down the road

1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 71
and burst right over our heads. The explosion was well timed and
the effect was immediate. There was a scattering of mounted men
and non-combatants, and the hne stood to arms, not, however, before
the writer had burned his fingers trying to handle the pieces of shell
which rained about us. This was the signal for Jackson's Une to
advance. Scattered shots and volley firing began on the extreme
right, and along our front deer and wild game came scurrying out
of the woods. The firing increased to a roar and soon came nearer.
The right was steadily falling back. The right regiment of the
brigade, the Seventy-fifth Ohio, having changed front, now began
firing, and bullets began to hail down our line from right and rear.
We had no enemy in front and yet had no orders to change front.
It was the most trying experience the command ever endured. We
now know that General Devens had been repeatedly urged to
permit a change of front, but had refused. At last the storm signal
reached us. From away to our rear and close at hand upon our
right came the "Rebel yell." Comrades of the Fifty-Fifth have all
heard that shrill note and know how it stirs the blood and caUs out
aU the impulses of resistance. The men of the right brigade now
began to come back in panic. The open ground to our rear
was a mass of yelhng Butternuts as the left of Jackson's line charged
the three batteries of reserve artiUery and the two regiments —
the Eighty-second Illinois and Twenty-sixth Wisconsin — upon the
Ely's Ford road. The Twenty-fifth Ohio at last changed front and
began to fire. The Fifty-Fifth formed behind it. After about three
voUeys the Twenty-fifth broke. The Fifty-Fifth held for two volleys
and then broke back, and the whole clearing became one mass of
panic-stricken soldiers flying at the top of their speed.
To mention a httle personal experience. While in line, trying
to hold back the enemy, one bullet was certainly marked for my
name; for, upon reaching the line of the Second Division near Dow
daU's Tavern, I discovered some difficulty in moving, and further
examination showed a shoeful of blood, and at this point I am con
strained to say that I rested. General Howard I now saw for the
first time that day. He was the last man off the field. He sat on
his horse in the roadway, as cool as if on parade, but urging and
insisting and entreating the flying men to go slower. General

72 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
Schurz had formed a line facing west, and although his line was
afterwards broken and went to the rear, the Rebel column was halted
and re-formed at this point. Buschbeck's brigade held its ground
the longest of aU the corps; climbing over to the reverse side of
theh intrenchments, they steadily faced the overwhelming numbers
and deUvered theh fire. Colonel Buschbeck reported that they
clung to the earthworks until theh position was completely turned,
and that they retired in comparatively good order. Buschbeck was
a cool, skilful, and experienced officer.
Being now helpless and in the hands of the enemy, my occupation
was principaUy to observe the Rebel troops. They came on with
very Uttle attention to line formation, and clad in as motley an array
of uniforms as could be imagined; but they were weU disciplined
and eager to go on. I heard one officer cry, " Oh, for only one more
hour of dayUght!" General Jackson and his staff rode by about
seven o'clock and another effort to advance was made, but the thick
shrubbery and difficult roads made it a faUure. A heavy artUlery
fire about ten o'clock made sleep impossible; it was during this firing
that General Jackson was wounded.
It was for a long time a mystery to the soldiers of the First Division
why Jackson's right did not come down the turnpike as soon as his
left, for Colquitt's and Ramseur's brigades took no part in the firing
and came up to the firing-line an hour later; and I wish here to make
record of one of those nameless heroes whose valor was none the less
earnest because unnoticed. The picket-line of the Fifty-Fifth was
under the command of Captain R. Robbins. The right of the Une
consisted of some forty men under Lieutenant John R. Lowe. This
officer had just been promoted from First Sergeant and was wearing
shoulder straps for the first time. He had sent frequent reports of
the march upon our flank, and when the Rebel Une showed signs of
activity, sent an urgent message for support. Receiving no orders,
he put aU his men on the skirmish line and resisted the enemy's
advance, retiring slowly and keeping up a vigorous fire upon the
approaching Unes.
The RebeUion record contains the reports of Generals Colquitt
and Ramseur, from which it appears that the determined resistance
of this Uttle band of skirmishers caused Colquitt to fear an attack

1863] ON THE RIGHT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 73
upon his right. He halted Ms brigade and that of Ramseur, and
marched to the right clear over to the Plank road before advancing
in hne with the corps. In this way eight regiments of the Rebel
right were put out of the fight, and as many more were delayed from
moving up the Plank road. In aU probability the whole of the First
Division would have been surrounded and taken prisoners if this
Uttle Une of pickets had not done its best. As it was, about hah of
them were captured.
To complete the story of ChanceUorsviUe, let me say that General
Sickles learned of the disaster to the Eleventh Corps about 7 p. m.,
and returned to the main hne during the night. Barlow's brigade
had some difficulty in reacMng our hnes safely, but succeeded, and
on Sunday, May 3, the Eleventh Corps was in line of battle on the
right, sadly depleted, but ready to meet the enemy. General Lee
pushed the battie the next day. From the field hospital at the
TaUey House, where I was lying, could be seen the smoke of the
firing, and the noise of battle was very near. During the day General
Hooker was disabled by the shock received when a Rebel sheU struck
one of the pUlars of the ChanceUor House against wMch he was
leaning at the time. His army was retired to a defensive position,
covering United States Ford, and word was sent to General Sedgwick
of the situation. That officer had performed the task assigned to
him perfectly. He had driven Early's command out of the defences
of Fredericksburg, and was prepared to co-operate with the rest of
the army. The disaster to the Eleventh Corps, the terrific fighting
of May 3, and the accident to General Hooker all combined to
render further operations undesirable, and the army crossed the
Rappahannock on the night of May 5.
To return to personal experiences. The field hospital at the
TaUey House was a scene of pain, distress, and anguish for seven or
eight days. Several thousand wounded men of both sides lay on
the ground, receiving such scanty attention as the smaU force of
surgeons from both armies could render. The operating-tables were
like butchers' blocks. The dying and dead lay among the Uving,
and burial parties were very slow in removing the dead. Finally
food gave out and many must have starved but for the supply of
wMskey and condensed milk which had been sent over for our relief

74 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
by permission of General Lee, it being our only resource. But at
last the paroling officers arrived; papers were made out, the am
bulances were provided, and the long line of groaning victims was
jolted over four miles of corduroy road to the river and to the sight
of " Old Glory." The corps was found in its old quarters at Brooke
Station, occupying the huts it had left so gayly only a few days before,
but saddened by the daUy sight of the empty quarters, whose occu
pants had given theh Uves for their country.
The losses of the Eleventh Corps at ChanceUorsviUe were large.
It had 9,000 men in action, and reported 2,512 casualties. The
Fifty-Fifth OMo, with 442 officers and men in Une May 2, lost two
officers and twenty-seven men kUled and five officers and eighty-two
men wounded and fifty-seven men captured, a total loss of 175.
Other regiments lost in hke proportion, and the pity of it aU was
that it seemed such a useless sacrifice. It is interesting to note that
General Devens made a good record afterwards in the Army of the
Potomac, but he never again refused to beUeve what Ms pickets
reported, and was known many times to spend long hours both of
day and mght in personaUy inspecting the flanks of his command.
General Hooker afterwards commanded the troops of the Eleventh
Corps when consolidated with the TweUth, and caUed the Twentieth
Corps, and it was the writer's privUege to hear from Ms Ups the
warmest commendation of the bravery of the corps upon more than
one bloody field. "When the Twentieth Corps was finaUy mustered
out, in July, 1865, General Sherman addressed the assembled com
mand. He recited its Mstory, and in a few weU-chosen words paid
such a tribute to its courage and heroism, to its faithful service and
uncomplaining spirit, as to forever wipe away any reproach that
may have rested upon it by its conduct on the right at Chancel-
lorsville.

CHAPTER VI
RECOLLECTIONS OF CHANCELLORSVILLE
By Captain W. S. Wickham
ONE of the incidents most indelibly fastened in my memory in
connection with the battle of ChanceUorsviUe was the sudden
and altogether unexpected boom of a hostile gun close on our flank,
foUowed by hurtUng missiles as they went screeching up the country
road along the side of which our regiment lay in hne of battle. There
were other scenes and incidents that fiUed the closing hours of that
awful day, — scenes and incidents inseparable from a crushed army
in fuU retreat, with Death reaping a rich harvest and sparing not, —
and yet the remembrance of this "cannon's opemng roar" Ungers
with me still, indeUbly. Perhaps it impressed -me thus because it
was so unexpected; perhaps because it was so close at hand; but
more than likely because it so forcibly foretold the opemng of the
contest in which we were so soon to be involved. With you who are
so familiar with aU the detaUs of our march from winter quarters
at Brooke Station to and across the Rappahannock and Rapidan
rivers, and with the successful manoeuvring of the General com
manding wMch placed us unknown to, and unopposed by, the enemy
on Ms very flank; with you who, besides, were so seriously wounded
on that field, it is scarcely necessary to enter into any lengthy review
of matters preceding and leading up to the opemng hour of that
Mstoric battle — six o'clock in the evening of May 2, 1863.
You wiU remember how we were posted, beside a nearly east and
west road, facing southerly, with a rail fence cMnked with broken
wood our only protection. You wiU recaU, no doubt, a Umited open
field in our front across which scampered wild animals of the country,
including deer, roused from theh rest by the manoeuvring forces of
StonewaU Jackson, who were hastily forming for the attack — and how
aU else, so far as we could see or so far as we in the ranks could know,
was densely wooded country — a wilderness indeed. My heart sickens
even now when I tMnk how easUy we might have been prepared for
75

76 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
the struggle that was about to open, and how, through criminal care
lessness or gross incompetency — perhaps a combination of the two —
a probably glorious victory was turned into disaster, and for a time
into utter rout.* I have well-defined opinions as to who were cMefly
responsible for titis serious check to the Army of the Potomac, and,
while I do not propose to name them here, it is but proper for me to
say that I do not include among them General Ohver O. Howard.
I know that a good deal of criticism has been visited upon the General
during aU these years, and for a time I myself could have been classed
among Ms critics; but careful study of all the facts has long since as
thorougMy convinced me that he was wrongfully condemned, as
subsequent service on Ms staff during the war and occasional inter
course since have proven to me Ms worth as a soldier, as a citizen,
and as a Christian gentleman.
Instead of coming in our front, the attack was made on our right
and rear by Jackson's fuU corps, 25,000 strong. The Fifty-Fifth
OMo held the right of our brigade on that day, and, with the exception
of Von Gilsa's brigade, wMch was stiU farther to the right and some
what "refused," the extreme right flank of the Union Army. So
unexpected was the assault that the guns of Von Gilsa's brigade were
in stack at the time, and the men were actually engaged in preparing
theh evening meal, with scarcely a thought that their repast was to
consist of steel and lead rather than of their almost equaUy unim
pressionable hardtack and their guileless bacon, f And you will
recoUect, no doubt, that at tMs very moment the band of the Fifty-
Fifth was in the pines just across the road from us engaged in laudable
efforts to cheer the hearts of the boys with such famUiar pieces as
"The Girl I Left BeMnd Me," and "Get Out of the Wilderness,"
and how their endeavor to accomphsh the latter on foot were ac
celerated by the crash of Jackson's guns and the "Rebel yell" from
more than twice ten thousand throats.
* " Hooker, about daybreak (May 21), rode along his right, which|he apprehended was
too far extended, or not strongly posted, and which he found nowise prepared by earth
works and batteries for a flank attack; but he was assured by Slocum and Howard that
they were equal to any emergency." — Greeley's "Conflict."
¦(¦The Rebel movement .... culminated a little before 6 p. m. in a grand burst of
Stonewall Jackson with 25,000 men on the exposed flank of that (the Eleventh) corps.
Emerging suddenly from the thick woods which enveloped that flank, and charging it from
three sides, as it were, the Rebels caught some of our men preparing their suppers, with
arms stacked, and gave them no time to recover."— Greeley's " Conflict."

Oliver O. Howard
Major-General, U. S. A.

Robert C. Schenck
Major-General, U. S. V.

1863] RECOLLECTIONS OF CHANCELLORSVILLE 77
Stricken as we were in flank, there was but a single thing to do
— fall back across the road and attempt a re-formation behind the
Twenty-fifth and Seventy-fifth Ohio regiments, which were lying
there in reserve in column formation — and this was what was at
tempted. I can stUl see, despite the lapse of more than a third of a century,
our regiment faUing back from the worse than useless position it was
occupying, breaking away from right to left with a regularity that was
simply wonderful under the circumstances, and the change of base
might well be described as a change of front to the rear en echelon.
The only guns the enemy could bring to bear, owing to the heavily
timbered condition of the country in which they were operating,
were those I have aheady referred to as posted in the road above us,
and which startled us with their crash, but they did their work with
a too fatal precision and decimated our ranks with fearful rapidity
during the brief moments they had us witMn theh range. The road
was a narrow one, however, and soon traversed, though many were
destined never to cross it. It was here that I saw Captain Sauter,
of Company B, who was a few yards to my right and a little in front,
fall headlong by the roadside, dead in his tracks — the first officer
and perhaps the first soldier to die on that day.
Reaching the pines on the farther side of the road, wherein lay
the Twenty-fifth and Seventy-fifth regiments, which by this time had
hastily deployed and changed front, the men of the Fifty-Fifth, as
weU as those of the balance of our brigade who had been with us in
line, to wit, the One Hundred and Seventh OMo and Seventeenth
Connecticut, did aU that mortal men could do to stem the tide of
battle; but it was only for a time, and a very short time at that, that
the enemy was checked in Ms course; soon the whole right flank of
the Union Army, overwhelmed and outclassed from the first, was
in fuU and unorganized retreat. I am not now, I never have been,
and I never shaU be, in a frame of mind to blush for the part wMch
fell to my individual lot that day, nor to apologize in faintest terms
for the conduct of my comrades in that awful time. I speak now
especiaUy of McLean's brigade, and particularly of the men of the
Fifty-Fifth, of course, that brave body with whom for four long years
I was so closely associated, with whom I "touched elbows" and

78 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
" drank from the same canteen" ; men who, on a former field, properly
commanded, had shown such special coolness and courage under
fire as to eUcit the applause of surrounding commands,* and who, in
the years that succeeded and in the scores of engagements that fol
lowed — at Gettysburg, at Chattanooga, at Mission Ridge, at Buzzard
Roost, at Resaca, at Dallas, at Peach Tree Creek, at Atlanta and
Savannah, at Averasborough and BentonviUe — proved themselves the
equals of any among the selected sixty thousand that Sherman led
in his famous campaign "from Atlanta to the Sea," a force which
some one has aptly and knowingly described as " the best army on
aU the earth."
I have said that our reserve (the Twenty-fifth and Seventy-fifth),
reinforced by the shattered remnants of the balance of the brigade,
checked for a time the assault, but as to the duration thereof I have
not now the least conception. That it was a "hot" place I know
full weU. It was pandemonium — "hell let loose for a nooning" —
a veritable Inferno set upon a living stage, with an accompaniment
of Rebel yeU and rattling musketry that surfeited the ear, and of
kiUed and dying and grievously wounded men that sickened the
sight. The air seemed UteraUy filled with leaden missiles — their
constant "zip, zip" as they continued their flight singing a song so
painfully suggestive to those who were forced to listen, a melody to
wMch none, not even the bravest, ever grows thoroughly accustomed.
I know the thought occurred to me then, as doubtless it has occurred
to others under similar circumstances, how wonderful indeed it
"General John Pope, in an article on the second battle of Bull Run, published in the
Century Magazine shortly before his death, said: " McLean's brigade of Schenck's
division, which was posted in observation on our left flank, and in support of Reynolds,
became exposed to the attack of the enemy on our left when Reynolds's division was drawn
back to form line to support Porter's corps then retiring from their attack, and was fiercely
assailed by Hood and Evans in greatly superior force. This brigade was commanded in
person by General Schenck, the division commander, and fought with supreme gallantry
and tenacity. The enemy's attack was repulsed several times, with severe loss, but he
returned again and again to the assault.
"Itis needless for me to describe the appearance of a man so well known to the coun
try as General R. C. Schenck. 1 have only to say that a more gallant and devoted soldier
never lived, and to his presence and the fearless exposure of his person during these
attacks, is largely due the protracted resistance made by this brigade. He fell, badly
wounded, in the front of his command, and his loss was deeply felt and had a marked
effect on the final result in that part of the field. Tower's brigade of Ricketts's division
was pushed forward to his support, and the brigade was led by General Tower in person,
with conspicuous gallantry. The conduct of these two brigades and their commanders, in
plain view of our whole left, was especially distinguished and called forth hearty and
enthusiastic cheers. Their example was of great service, and seemed to infuse new spirit
into the troops that witnessed their intrepid conduct."

1863] RECOLLECTIONS OF CHANCELLORSVILLE 79
was that comparatively so few were injured and so many went
unscathed. One incident occurred at this point which I cannot pass unmen-
tioned, proving as it does that we must have maintained our position
here for a considerable period, as well as demonstrating the coolness
with wMch a brave man may maintain himself under the most
trying and exciting circumstances. To you who so weU remember
the accoutrement of the army of forty years ago, it is unnecessary
for me to mention the fact (and I only do so for the benefit of others
who possibly may scan these lines) that breech-loading and rapid-fire
guns were practically unknown in those days, and that our regiment,
in common with nearly aU others, was armed with the ordinary
muzzle-loading musket, each man carrying attached to Ms belt a
cartridge-box, ordinarUy accommodating forty rounds of ammunition,
and a cap pouch, inside the latter of which was always to be found a
"primer," a prepared wire with which to prick and free the mpple
in case it should become obstructed, a not altogether uncommon
event with the arms then in fashion. After the men had for a time
settled steadily to their work, Jacob Brown, of Company D — "Little
Jake" we called Mm, because he happened to be a trifle less in stature
than another Jacob Brown attached to the same command — came
to me in the thickest of the fray and said, "Lieutenant, something
is the matter with my gun; I can't fire it." Advising Mm to use his
"primer" and open the vent, he informed me that he had al
ready tried that plan without result. Just at this moment I noticed
Charley Streeter a short distance to our right and front, drop Ms
piece, spin partiaUy around, and fall to the ground. To me he
appeared to be thorougMy done for, though such was not the fact,
albeit he was seriously wounded; so I said to Brown, "There,
Charley Streeter is killed; take Ms gun." MarcMng to the spot
he possessed Mmself of Ms faUen comrade's weapon, and resumed
Ms work as cooUy, and, to me, apparently as unconcernedly as
if he were but going upon parade. I had no time to ponder the
problem then, but often since have I asked myself how it was that
' this soldier, midst aU the din and turmoil with wMch he was sur
rounded, and half-bUnded with the smoke of battle, could determine
that his musket had refused its office; and the only reasonable solution

8o TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
I have been able to adduce is that once it failed to explode, unnoticed
by Mm, and he continued feeding it cartridges until the ramrod's
ever-shortemng journey disclosed to Mm the situation.
At the annual reumon of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment, soon to be
held in Norwalk, Ohio, it is practically certain that both these tried
soldiers wiU be present, and it seems to me but fair that they should
be caUed upon — Brown to explain the story of Ms musket's froward-
ness, and Streeter to demonstrate by his appearance that the writer,
for once in his Ufe at least, was mistaken, and that he was not only
not "thorougMy done for" on the occasion in question, but, though
a little battered, is "still in the ring," a vigorous veteran of the most
stupendous conflict of recent times.
After leaving this part of the field and reaching an open space,
across which ran a line of earthworks/thrown up, I believe, by Schurz's
men, but for unaccountable reasons abandoned by them,* I met at
its western edge several comrades, among them Captain C. P. Wick
ham and Lieutenant E. C. Culp of the Twenty-fifth, from whom,
after a brief and hurried conversation, I parted, and immediately
reached the works above mentioned. Everything here was in the
sorriest of pUghts. There was not a single organized military unit
in sight. Regiments and compames were mingled indiscriminately,
and, whUe the men were loading and firing theh pieces as a matter
of course, each individual was acting upon Ms own account, without
efficient dhection by recogmzed commanders. Most, perhaps all,
of the general and field officers were on foot, their ammals having
been shot from under or escaped from them. Riderless horses were
scampering wildly in aU dhections, and a battery of artiUery which
had attempted to get into action on the right of the line beMnd the
breastworks had been flanked out of position and was rushing
madly to the rear in an effort to reach a new point of vantage and
to save its guns. It was here that I again ran across known com
rades — Colonel Lee, whose black horse I had seen galloping about
bearing an empty saddle, the sight of which had sadly impressed
"Greeley, in his " American Conflict," says: "Driven back [the Eleventh Corps] in wild
rout down the Chancellorsville road upon the position of General Schurz, it was found that
his division had already retreated,— perhaps fled is the apterword, — and an attempt made
to rally and form here proved abortive." And Greeley might have added, truthfully, that
as a military man Schurz was one of the most conspicuous failures of the War of the Rebel
lion, and his appointment as Major-General in the Union Army a serious mistake of
Lincoln's administration.

1863] RECOLLECTIONS OF CHANCELLORSVILLE 81
me with the thought that he must have been killed or wounded,
and Sergeant (afterwards Lieutenant) A. B. Chase.
AU this time the enemy was continuously pushing his advantage
with accustomed energy, and persistently turning our right flank, in,
as it proved to be, a vain effort to reach the road leading to United
States Ford, and thus cut us off from our line of retreat. The open
space in which aU this was occurring was perhaps half a mile in
extent from east to west, and as I drifted across it to an adjoining
piece of timber, with the now thoroughly demoralized and broken
remnants of Howard's corps, I stopped a moment before entering
the wood, impelled by curiosity to witness the efforts of some artiUery-
men to extricate a twelve-pounder brass howitzer wMch had become
staUed in a ditch they had attempted to cross. They had not time
to relieve it, and, cutting the traces, hurried away on the backs of
the horses, leaving the gun as spoil for the enemy. WMle thus en
gaged in pandering to my curiosity I heard a peculiar noise close at
hand, somewhat resembling the sound of a smart slap on the face
with an open hand, and turning toward it I saw, almost within the
touch of my extended arm, an infantryman of splendid physique,
stiU standing erect as a soldier at attention, with a hole squarely
through the centre of his forehead as large as a sUver half-dollar,
evidently made by the contact of a Minie" ball. He was dead, of
course, and must have fallen almost immediately, but not before
my gaze had left him, and in my mental vision he stands there yet,
and ever will, with gaping wound and form erect, a monument to
the wretched mismanagement that sent him to his death.
It was here, or near this point, that I met Lieutenant StUlman,
and together we remained until we rejoined the scattered members
of our regiment near the Chancellor House late that mght. We
passed through the heavy timber close to which I had been standing,
avoiding the road along which the missUes from the enemy's guns
were winging theh unfettered way, and after proceeding to a com
paratively safe distance, stopped for rest. It was after sunset and
we were sorely fatigued, but as the firing and victorious shouting in
our rear were stUl of a vigorous character, and evidently approach
ing, our tarry was of limited duration. ReUeving ourselves of all
unnecessary impedimenta, we continued on our way until, in a short

82 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
time, we came under the guns of General Pleasonton, who had
posted several batteries in strong position on a considerable rise of
ground west of the ChanceUor House, and whose exceUent service
rendered impossible the further advance of the enemy, and virtually
effected the close of the contest for the day.,* In front and below
these guns, where aU arrivals were hastUy formed in Une of battle
in ever-increasing strength and with some approach to discipline,
we remained undisturbed, untU about 10 o'clock, when we were
reUeved and rethed to seek and rejoin our various commands.
There is Uttle more to add concermng our experience at the
battle of ChanceUorsviUe. The Eleventh Corps was next day posted
in reserve beMnd strongly constructed works of earth and logs, and
passed the intervening time uneventfuUy until May 5, when it, with
the entire army, recrossed the Rappahannock, and, going into camp
in its familiar quarters at Brooke Station, there remained until
about the ist of June, when it was caUed upon to enter into the
campaign that led to Gettysburg, — the most sanguinary struggle of
the war and the Mgh-water mark of the great RebeUion, — wherein
the Eleventh Corps won its laurels and retrieved the disaster of Chan
ceUorsviUe. *Three batteries (Battery H, ist Ohio, and ioth and nth Batteries, New York Inde
pendent Artillery) were posted by Captain James F. Huntington of Battery H, First
Ohio Light Artillery.— Editor.

CHAPTER VII
THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN
ON May 7, 1863, the Army of the Potomac had returned to the
lines before Fredericksburg, from which, on April 27, it had
marched with so much confidence. As the Fifty-Fifth OMo reoccu
pied the camp at Brooke Station, where it had spent the previous
winter, the vacant huts, all too numerous, reminded the survivors
of its losses in the recent battle. Numerous changes took place in
the regiment. On May 8, Colonel John C. Lee, who had organized
the regiment and led it to the field, smarting under the storm of unjust
criticism which now broke upon the Eleventh Corps, resigned his
commission and left the army. TMs step was deeply regretted by
every man in the regiment, and he afterwards doubtless felt that the
act was a hasty one. His last communication to the regiment was
the foUowing address : Brooke Station, Va., May 8, 1863.
Officers and Soldiers of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry: —
You and I are about to separate. My connection with the regiment and
the army for the present now terminates. We have been united in our coun
try's military service for nearly two years. That service has been directed
toward the upholding of the Federal constitution and the Federal authority.
You gathered at Camp McClellan, Norwalk, Ohio, from civil pursuits, and
took up camp-life. With merciless vigor, you were crowded into the routine
and formulas of camp instruction. In January, 1862, you were hurried into
Western Virginia, encamping at Grafton. In a few days, having passed to
New Creek, you made the remarkable marches to Romney and Moorefield,
where you first met the enemy, with high credit to your patience and soldierly
endurance. Subsequently, under the gallant and patriotic Schenck, you made
the campaign of the South Branch Valley. Following close upon that was the
remarkable passage of the Shenandoah Mountains, led by Major-General Fre
mont. You forded streams, climbed mountains, contended with hunger, en
dured the bitterest of storms, marched by night and by day, led by the patri
otic impulses of generous hearts, challenging the admiration of your officers and
of the country. While others were marauding, you were in ranks ; while others
straggled, robbing and disgracing the American army, you were distinguished
by your order and exemplary conduct. 83

84 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
You fell under the command of the kind and soldierly Sigel. Again you
passed eastward and southward to the Robertson's River, from whence you
were moved in the rear of a retreating though fighting army, to the left bank
of the Upper Rappahannock.
From the 18th of August to the 2d of September you were daily and nightly
in fight or on the march, in the presence of the enemy. The blood and bones
of your comrades enrich the Bald Hill, on the Bull Run battle-ground.
As a part of the reserve of the army, you were not engaged with the enemy
until the late conflict at Chancellorsville. There you bore a part which your
depleted ranks too plainly tell.
When you came to Virginia your number was 960; now it is, present for
duty, not over 350. You began in the West and have fought your way to the
banks of the Lower Rappahannock. From civilians you have become soldiers;
and from honest patriots you have ripened into life-sacrificing devotees to
your flag.
You have animated me with pride over your high-toned soldierly life, at
once standing acquit in the forum of enlightened conscience, and furnishing a
grand example to others.
You cannot, shall not, be forgotten. My boast will always be that I com
manded the Fifty-Fifth Ohio. When your flag shall float over Richmond,
Charleston, and the other strongholds of rebellion, many more of you may
have passed into the great embalming house of the illustrious dead, but your
kindred will reiterate your names and perpetuate your memory.
Let all mere political considerations be dismissed, and your sole ambition
be the preservation of our liberty's charter and the restoration of the unbroken
authority of a defied government.
To the command of Colonel Gambee I commit you with the most unfal
tering trust. Your discipline cannot deteriorate nor your conception of a
manly patriotic soldierhood be lowered. God's blessing go with you, officers
and soldiers, and a united and prospering country be the crown of your labors.
John C. Lee.
Lieutenant-Colonel Gambee assumed the command and was
soon commissioned Colonel. Captain James M. Stevens, of Com
pany H, was commissioned Lieutenant- Colonel, a suitable reward
for the gaUantry be had displayed in the battle of ChanceUorsviUe
and for the fortitude with wMch he endured the pain of severe wounds
there received. Captain Rudolphus Robbins, of Company K, was
commissioned Major. He, too, had earned promotion, for Ms brave
and steady hne of skirmishers at ChanceUorsviUe had saved the
division from capture. These promotions brought advancement to
numerous officers of the Une, and the regiment soon began to recover
from the depression of a bloody battle and a fruitless campaign.

Charles M. Stone
Captain, Company G
Killed March 16, 1865, in Battle of
averasborough, n. c.

Ozro B. Gould
Captain, Company G

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 85
The company lines steadily lengthened as men returned from
hospital and sick leave; and with daily driU and the routine of camp
and picket duty confidence was restored. The enemy was stiU
before us on Fredericksburg Heights, a daUy reminder that the work
was not yet done. Under General Hooker's practised hand, the
army soon regained its moral tone and confident purpose. Rein
forcements were needed, for, besides the losses in the recent campaign,
heat and rains of the early summer in that latitude brought sickness,
and the expiration of terms of service of some 15,000 men had also
to be taken into account. But General Lee was not to aUow time
for reinforcements, or indeed much time for reorganization.
On the 31st of March the Fifty-Fifth Ohio was assigned to the
Second Brigade, Second Division, of the Eleventh Corps. It left
its friends of the Twenty-fifth and Seventy-fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry with regret, but found in the Thirty-tMrd Massachusetts,
the Seventy-third Ohio, and the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth
New York staunch and brave comrades. With one or two additions
afterwards, tMs orgamzation continued to the close of the war.
The commander of tMs brigade was an OMo soldier, Orland Smith,
Colonel of the Seventy-third OMo, whose record as a brave, wise,
and far-sighted commander was unsurpassed. His memory wUl
always be cherished by those he led so wisely and cared for with
such sympathy and kindness.
The Confederate Army and the Rebel Government, although
fully aware that their losses had been severe and could hardly be
replaced, were encouraged by the late successful campaign to carry
the war into the enemy's country. General Lee reorganized Ms
army, dividing it into tiiree corps, each commanded by a Ueutenant-
general. He recaUed General Longstreet with his three divisions
from Suffolk, and placed Mm in command of the First Corps. To
General EweU he gave the Second Corps, in wMch were troops
lately commanded by General T. J. Jackson, and the TMrd to
General A. P. HUl. His infantry numbered 68,352 muskets, the
artUlery eighty guns, and the cavahy, under General J. E. B. Stuart,
12,000 sabres. His total force numbered 85,000 men of aU arms.
These troops were aU veterans, seasoned by hard service and ammated
with a devotion worthy of a better cause.

86 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS ' [1863
The month of May passed without event, both armies vigorously
preparmg for the struggle of the coming summer, wherever that
might occur. General Hooker, always on the alert, noticed early
in June sigmficant changes in the camps of the enemy. On the
5th of June, in order to develop the exact positions of the Confederate
Army, he ordered the Sixth Corps to march to Frankhn's Crossing
below Fredericksburg. Howe's division crossed the stream and forti
fied a position, but afterwards returned, having developed a large
force of the enemy. On the 9th of June he sent a large force of
cavalry to cross at Beverly Ford west of Fredericksburg and advance
on Brandy Station, four and one-half mUes distant. This force was
supported by a picked command of infantry selected from the
Eleventh and Sixth Corps. The cavahy soon found theh enemy,
and a hot fight ensued, the Confederates being surprised. General
Stuart narrowly escaped capture and Ms headquarters ambulance,
with its records and papers, was captured. Among the papers was
a letter from General Lee to General Stuart, wMch gave some detaUs
of the proposed campaign, information of the Mghest value to
General Hooker at that moment. The cavahy movement had un-
veUed the presence of infantry in large numbers near Culpeper, and
General Lee was unmasked. With tMs information General Hooker
could now plan counter-movements. The cavalry encounter was a
costly one to both sides, but the results to the Umon cause were
worth the cost. General Lee had indeed begun the invasion of
Pennsylvama. General Longstreet's corps began the march on
June 3d. General Ewell foUowed on June 4th, having planned to
concentrate near Culpeper, and from thence to march to the VaUey
of Virgima, and, foUowing its war-worn roads sheltered by the Blue
Ridge, cross the Potomac at the western base of South Mountain;
and, once established near Hagerstown, Maryland, tMeaten Harris
burg, Baltimore, and even WasMngton. A successful campaign
would gain not only mUitary, but poUtical advantages of the utmost
value to the Confederacy.
Imperative orders from General HaUeck and from the President
prevented General Hooker from carrying out a bold plan he had
conceived, of marcMng on Richmond with the bulk of Ms army
when the enemy should be well advanced toward the Potomac, and

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 87
he accordingly prepared to follow the movements of the Confederate
Army. He sent his right wing, consisting of the First, Third, and
Eleventh corps, to cover the Upper Rappahannock and so disposed
as to afford mutual aid, should the enemy threaten the crossings of
the river, or Warrenton, or even Manassas. The cavalry under
General Pleasonton was sent to follow the Confederate Army, to
locate its route, and to harass and annoy its march if possible. The
left wing, consisting of the Second, Fifth, Sixth, and Twelfth corps,
still faced at Falmouth HiU's corps, wMch had been left there to
cover the dispositions of the invading army and draw attention away
from the marcMng column. General EweU marched his corps (the
Second of General Lee's army) from the vicimty of Culpeper on
June 10, by way of SperryviUe and Chester Gap, and by the 14th
had reached BerryvUle near Winchester, where he fell with over
whelming numbers upon General Milroy's division of the Eighth
Corps, consisting of about 6,900 effectives, and drove it in confusion
across the Potomac, with a loss of 4,000 men captured, and also
twenty-three cannon and 300 wagons. The Confederate loss was
but forty-seven killed, 219 wounded, and three prisoners.
On the 1 2th of June General Hooker had been advised by a
negro boy that EweU's corps had passed SperryviUe, and at once
placed Ms army in position. He echeloned the left wing along the
Orange and Alexandria RaUroad, placing the Third Corps at Rap
pahannock Station, the First at Bealton, and the Eleventh at Catlett's
Station. He left the Fifth Corps to face the enemy at Falmouth,
and about-faced the Second, Sixth, and Twelfth corps for a march
north. By the 15th of June he had concentrated the enthe army,
having Ms right at Fairfax Court House and Ms left at Manassas.
TMs movement reversed the wings, and the former left now became
the right. It enabled him to cover Washington perfectly and to
keep pace with the marching enemy, whose exact positions were
unknown. As quaintly expressed by President Lincoln at the time,
"If the head was at the Potomac and the tail at Fredericksburg,
the ammal must be very thin somewhere."
The Fifty-Fifth Ohio with its brigade broke camp at Brooke
Station on the 12th and marched ten miles on that day, the route
leading via Hartwood Church. On the 13th the march of twenty-

88 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
two miles was over a fine country, to camp at Cedar Run, near the
raihoad bridge of the Orange and Alexandria RaUroad. The
weather was warm and the roads very dusty, and there was painful
lack of water. The march of the 14th covered twenty miles over
roads weU known to the command, being near the battle-field of
BuU Run. The corps headquarters were at CentrevUle, and the
camp of the Fifty-Fifth was made at Blackburn's Ford on BuU Run,
about two miles south of CentreviUe. TMs was another dusty, hot,
and waterless march, wMch exhausted many of the men, unused
to such strenuous work. But the 16th was an idle day, and a good
rest restored the energies of the tired soldiers, so that the march
north upon the 17th, of twenty miles, was not so great a hardsMp.
The command camped on Goose Creek, a tributary of the Potomac,
at Cow Horn Ford, sometimes caUed Trappe Rock, about six miles
from Leesburg. The stream was clear and cool and afforded grateful
relief to the soldiers who had strained every nerve to keep up with
the colors. The regiment rested here two days, acting in concert
with the Sixth Corps as a support to a powerful cavahy reconnais
sance toward the Blue Ridge. The Umon cavahy were met by the
Confederates under General Stuart, and sharp fighting ensued, in
wMch General Pleasonton's force was successful and pushed the
enemy through Ashby's Gap in the Blue Ridge. General Long-
street with the First Corps of Lee's army was near by and detached
McLaw's division to support the routed force. The Umon cavahy,
however, had reached the summit of the Blue Ridge, where they
had a fuU view of the Shenandoah vaUey for miles in each direction.
The vaUey was fiUed with the long Unes of gray-coated Confederates
and their trains as far as the eye could reach, aU hastening with
rapid steps toward the Potomac. The entire Confederate Army
was rapidly marcMng to invade the North.
On the 20th rainy weather made Goose Creek muddy, and
water for cooking and drinking was scarce. The regiment changed
camp to the east bank of the stream. Cannonading was heard
toward the north, and marcMng orders were hourly expected. On
the 2 ist the regiment was detached to guard Grimes's Ford, one and
a half mUes north. Grounds for a fine camp were selected and the
command enjoyed the rest from hot and dusty roads. The band

Edmund Franklin
Company I

John Hoyles
Company I

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN ] 89
had a few hours for practice, and an eight days' mail fiUed up idle
hours. But on the 24th marching orders arrived, and the regiment
broke camp again. The brigade was joined about noon, and after
a march of ten miles, passing on the way through the Catoctin range
of hiUs, camped on the bank of the Potomac near Edwards Ferry.
Thursday, June 25, the Eleventh Corps crossed the Potomac at
Edwards Ferry and that day made a hard march of eighteen mUes,
passing tMough PoolesvUle, Maryland, where Union flags were dis
played, and, in spite of the rain, the natives gave friendly greetings
and more substantial refreshments. The band played in the streets,
and all rejoiced at the unaccustomed reception. About noon of the
26th the Fifty-Fifth was sent on in advance to Middletown, eight
miles, and there, too, rain wMch fell heavily failed to quench the
enthusiasm of the people. The fine farms and well-tilled fields
were in pleasant contrast to the Virginia country we had lately
marched over. The regiment acted as provost guard in Middletown
and enjoyed a brief rest and the hospitaUty of Union citizens. The
band played its best and rejoiced the hearts of the people, who came
in crowds to witness army life. The command rested on the 27th
at Middletown. On Sunday, June 28, the brigade marched to
Turner's or Boonsborough Gap in South Mountain. The Fifty-
Fifth was posted at the east end of the Gap and many visited the
scenes of the battle of the year before, when the Confederates were
signaUy defeated, being both outflanked and outfought. In his diary
Comrade H. C. Henney of Company A notes that he was shown a
great rock in the vaUey where the bodies of seventeen dead Rebels
were found. The brigade took up the march in the afternoon of
tMs day, and joimng the corps, passed tMough the outskirts of
Frederick, and at 1 A. m. bivouacked for a few hours; then, resuming
the route, marched straight tMough to Emmettsburg, making a
distance of thirty-seven miles in twenty-four hours. Rain feU heavUy
during the day, but the road from Frederick and Emmettsburg is
a good stone pike and the marcMng was comparatively easy. The
brigade had by this time got into marching trim, and it is worthy
of note that the entire command made tMs exhausting march and
came into camp without a straggler. Henney says in Ms diary:
"As the command passed stragglers from the other commands, we

9° TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
bullyragged them and asked if this was 'a good platz for a caffe
mache.' " On June 27 General Hooker's entire army was concen
trated on the left bank of the Potomac. His operations had been
well conceived and admirably executed. On June 15, when at Fair
fax Station, he had foreseen the possibility of a campaign north of
the Potomac and had sent two pontoon bridge trains to the mouth
of the Monacacy. These bridges were laid on the 18th and were of
course available whenever the necessities of the campaign required
their use. On the 25th, 26th, and 27th the seven corps of the Army
of the Potomac, with the cavahy, the artillery, and all the supply
trains, were safely placed on the north bank.
This movement was ordered immediately upon receipt by General
Hooker of the news that Hagerstown, Maryland, had been occupied
by General Ewell's Confederate Corps. From various sources, but
principally from Rebel deserters, General Hooker was advised also
that Longstreet's and HUl's corps were either about to cross or had
crossed the Potomac at Shepherdstown and Williamsport; there
fore, at the time when General Lee had concentrated most of his
army at Chambersburg, where he was concealed and sheltered by
the great South Mountain, General Hooker had quite kept pace
with him and had Ms army well in hand and in the best possible
position for the protection of Washington and Baltimore. General
Hooker could not, however, keep pace with the advanced corps of
General Lee's army. Ewell's corps had marched fast and far.
On the 27th he had with two divisions reached CarUsle, Pennsyl-
vania, and Ms advance threatened Harrisburg. General Early's
division had turned northeast from Hagerstown, and on the 28th,
having passed through Gettysburg and York, was threatening to
seize the wooden bridge across the Susquehanna at Wrightsville, a
few miles below Harrisburg. TMs project was defeated by the
burning of the bridge by the Home Guards on the approach of
Gordon's troops. General EweU's command was, therefore, dis
tributed on the arc of a circle from York to CarUsle and Chambers
burg. The presence of Confederate troops so far north as actually to
tMeaten Harrisburg and Baltimore created the most intense excite
ment in the North. General Couch had been placed in command
of the Department of the Susquehanna on June 10, and at once began

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 91
the organization of a force of Home Guards and reserves for local
service. General Schenck, commanding at Baltimore, sent forward
such troops as he could spare, and the defences of Washington were
caUed on to contribute to the common need. On the 27th the head
quarters of the Army of the Potomac were at Frederick, Maryland.
General Hooker had disposed his forces on lines south and west of
that place, facing the west. The Twelfth Corps had moved up to
Knoxville, about three miles east of Harper's Ferry, where General
French was stationed with a division of the Eighth Corps numbering
about 11,000 men. General Hooker planned and asked authority
to umte the Twelfth Corps with French's command and a large
force of cavalry (for Stahel's cavalry division had been added to his
command) and make a bold attack on General Lee's communica
tions west of South Mountain. General Longstreet in Ms memoirs
says: "If General Hooker had been granted the authority for which
he appUed, he would have struck our trains exposed from Chambers
burg to the Potomac without a cavahyman to ride and report the
trouble." The situation of the Confederate generals in the enemy's
country brought a new and strange experience to them. When
operating in their own country, information came to them at every
hour of the day, and from every viUage and hamlet. In the enemy's
country tMs source of information failed, and, strange as it may
seem, the news of the crossing of the Potomac by Hooker's army
did not reach General Lee till the concentration was completed.
General Lee, by a misunderstanding of orders, had been completely
deprived of the use of his large cavalry force, which, under General
J. E. B. Stuart, had undertaken a spectacular raid around the Umon
Army. After the cavahy combat at Ashby's Gap, tMs brUUant
cavahyman had concentrated three brigades at Salem Depot upon
June 27, and marcMng by day and night via Wolf Run Shoals, Fairfax
Court House, and DranesviUe, crossed the Potomac at Rowson's
Ford, and on June 30 reached Hanover, having taken a few hundred
prisoners and destroyed about a hundred wagons at Hood's MUls,
twelve miles from Washington. General Kilpatrick's division of
Union cavahy intercepted him at Hanover and compeUed him to
make a detour via York and Dover, where he learned the position
of the Confederate Army, which he rejoined upon July 2d. It was

92 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
a curious instance that the cavalry, the "eyes" of the army, should
be in search of its location. The raid deprived General Lee of the
information of wMch he stood in greatest need, and no doubt had
an important influence on the whole campaign. In his memoirs
General Longstreet comments on the whole affair in severe terms.
General Halleck refused to aUow General Hooker the authority
he desired; and he, feeUng that he did not enjoy the confidence of
the Commander-in-CMef, asked to be relieved of Ms command.
His request was granted, and on the morning of June 28 he turned
the command over to Major-General George G. Meade, who was
at the time commanding the Fifth Corps. This General, upon
whom this great responsibiUty was so suddenly placed, was born at
Cadiz, Spain, in 181 5, and was therefore in Ms forty-eighth year. He
was a natural-born citizen, for Ms father was a citizen of PMladelphia.
He entered the MiUtary Academy in 183 1, and graduated with honor.
He had served in the regular army in the topographical department,
and he saw service in the Mexican War. His campaigmng had been
on the Pemnsula, at Antietam, at Fredericksburg, where he made a
most gaUant assault. He led the Fifth Corps at ChancellorsvUle.
No doubt he was the man for the hour. General Lee said of Mm
after the war that he feared him more than any man he had ever
met in battle.
General Meade had the good judgment not to make any changes
in the general staff, and even retained General Butterfield as Chief
of Staff. He seems to have agreed with General Hooker as to the
plan of operation. General Hooker, after the disapproval of Ms
plan to fall upon General Lee's commumcations, had decided to
cover the passes of South Mountain and harass the enemy untU he
should be brought to battle. General Meade recogmzed that it
was of the first importance that General Lee's army should be
checked in its victorious march on Harrisburg and Baltimore. With
tMs in view he dhected Ms army corps to march north in three
diverging columns, and by forced marches had in two days so dis
posed them as to cover the roads leading from Chambersburg,
CarUsle, and York to Baltimore and Washington. A strong position
on Pipe Creek between Manchester and Middleburg was indicated
as a probable battle-ground should the enemy appear in force.

Alonzo D. Barber
Corporal, Company I

Hiram Johnson
Company I
Killed May 15, 1864, in Battle of Resaca, Ga.

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 93
June 30 the Eleventh Corps was encamped at Emmettsburg.
The First Corps was at Marsh Run, six miles in advance, and but
six miles from Gettysburg. The Third Corps ' was near EmmettSr
burg, but farther to the east. The Twelfth Corps was at Littles-
town, but nine miles from Gettysburg. The right wing, namely,
the Second, Fifth, and Sixth corps, were en echelon to the north
east, the Second Corps being farthest away, at Umontown, twenty-
two miles from Gettysburg. The Second Cavalry Division, com
manded by General Buford', was under the orders of General Rey
nolds, commanding the left wing, and had been directed to take
possession of Gettysburg and hold it tiU infantry could arrive.
Accordingly the mght of June 30 found Buford with the brigades
of Gamble and Devin picketing WiUoughby Run, northeast of
Gettysburg, and preparing for a fierce combat, for during the day
they had encountered both cavalry and infantry on the Cashtown
Road, and were satisfied of the presence of a large force. These
encounters had been reported to General Reynolds, and by him to
General Meade, who was also advised on the same night by a tele
gram from General Herman Haupt, Chief of MiUtary Railroads, that
General Lee's forces were hastUy falling back from Harrisburg and
he must be prepared for a sudden attack from his whole army. Gen
eral Haupt, at Harrisburg, on the 30th had been informed of the
sudden departure of the enemy from the vicimty, leaving so quickly
as to abandon theh dinners uneaten. The Home Guards were dis
posed to take credit for a repulse of the invading army, but the weU-
trained soldier looked deeper into the problem and sent his warmng
telegram at once. It reached General Meade at 12:45 p- M- °f tne
same night, and confirmed previous information from other sources.
General Longstreet relates in his memoirs the arrival at General Lee's
headquarters on June 28 of the scout, Harrison, with the information
that five corps of the Umon Army, wMch he had supposed were
watcMng the passes of the Blue Ridge, south of the Potomac, were
on the eastern slope of South Mountain and dangerously near Ms rear.
His complete ignorance of the situation was, of course, due to the
absence of Stuart's cavahy, who had by a foolish adventure placed
themselves on the other side of the Union Army, where they were
useless to their friends, and not very harmful to their enemy. General

94 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
Lee at once prepared to concentrate Ms army, and selected Cash-
town, at the eastern end of a defile tMough South Mountain and
about eight miles northwest of Gettysburg, as the point of concen
tration. That a battle would probably be fought at or near Gettys
burg was weU understood by the officers of the Umon Army nearest
that vUlage on the night of June 30. General Buford said that
evemng to General Devin, one of Ms brigade commanders, "Rest
assured that the enemy will attack us in the mormng. Their skir
mishers wiU come thundering along three deep, and we shall have
to fight Uke devUs to maintain ourselves until the arrival of the
infantry." General Charles H. Howard, senior aide on the staff of
Ms brother, General O. O. Howard, relates that he was present
that evening at a conference with General Reynolds (who had been
placed in command of the left wing), in which the conviction was
expressed by both generals that a battle was imminent and that there
would be fighting the next day.
On July 1 the Second Division of the Eleventh Corps marched
from Emmettsburg at 8:30 a. m., having the Second Brigade in rear.
The First Corps had left Marsh Creek, six miles in advance, at an
early hour, hastemng to the support of the cavahy under General
Buford, who, as he had anticipated, was having a desperate fight
to retard the advance of the Confederates under General Hill on
Gettysburg. The First Division of the Eleventh Corps, under
General Barlow, marched on the Emmettsburg road, following the
First Corps. The Thhd and Second divisions, in the order named,
were marched by a cross-road to Horner's MUl on the Taneytown
road, and thence had an unobstructed march to the scene of action.
The Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel Orland Smith, marched
in the rear of the corps and reached Cemetery Hill at 2 p. M., having
marched about thirteen miles.
From the elevation of Cemetery HiU some idea of the battle
ground could be obtained. Before and below us was the viUage of
Gettysburg, having perhaps 1,500 inhabitants, located on the south
side of Stevens Creek, a small stream wMch, runmng east and
west, empties into the larger stream of Rock Creek, wMch runs
north and south between the bold Mils. The town lies at the north
end of Cemetery Ridge, wMch by gentle acclivities rises to a height

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 95
of eighty feet above the vaUey and, continuing south for a distance
of a mUe or more, graduaUy lessens its height, but ends in two
wooded knobs, of which the one farther south, called Round Top, is
the higher, its summit reacMng an altitude of 210 feet above the vU
lage; the other, caUed Little Round Top, is separated from the
greater elevation by a ravine perhaps 1,500 feet in width and is but
one-half as high. A valley sometMng like a mile in width separates
Cemetery Ridge from its sister elevation, Seminary Ridge, on the
west, generally parallel, but extending north and west of the viUage in
broken masses, some of wMch were wooded. A Lutheran college
adorns the latter ridge west of the town, from wMch it takes its
name. From the summit of Cemetery Hill (so called from the
burial-place which occupies a part of the elevation) could be seen the
various roads wMch approach the town from all points of the compass.
This position had been selected by General Howard as he
reached the field, at 11 30 a. m., as a suitable position for the reserve
of Ms corps. The MU was flanked on the right by the Baltimore
Pike, beyond wMch was the defile through wMch runs Rock Creek,
bounded on the east by the elevation of Culp's HiU, about equal
in height to Cemetery HiU. On the left the Emmettsburg road
approaches from the southwest, and near the village joins the Taney-
town road coming directly from the south.
As General Howard and his staff reached Cemetery Hill at 1 1 :3o
a. m., the sound of heavy infantry and artiUery firing from Seminary
HiU indicated a severe battle. General Reynolds had reached the
field at 9:30 A. M., and with Ms infantry had reinforced the cavahy,
and by daring and persistent courage had checked the enemy and
compelled him to bring up a large force of both infantry and artUlery.
General Howard sent notice of his arrival on the field to General
Reynolds and also sent orders to Ms division commanders to come
on with all haste. General Schurz with the Third Division reached
the MU at 12 45 p. m. At tMs moment General Howard was advised
that General Reynolds had been killed as he was placing Ms com
mand on the field near Willoughby Run, and that the command of
the left wing and of the field now devolved upon him. General
Schurz was at once placed in command of the Eleventh Corps and
General Schimmelfennig of the Third Division.

96 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
The Second Division of the Eleventh Corps arrived at 1 -30 p. M.
It was commanded by Brigadier General A. von Steinwehr, an
officer of great merit, trained in the German school and possessing
the confidence of his superiors. Recogmzing the importance of the
position in case the battle of the day went against us, the artiUery
of the corps was massed on the summit and created havoc in the
burial-grounds as the teams and heavy guns crashed over the sodded
MUocks, or sent gravestones flying, regardless of everytMng save
the necessity of placing the guns to meet the enemy.
The infantry was located lower down on the slope of the MU,
taking advantage of the stone fences, wMch were numerous. TMs
force comprised two brigades (of four regiments each) under Colonels
Costar and Smith, and numbered about 3,000 men.
At the intersection of the Emmettsburg and Taneytown roads
the Fifty-Fifth Ohio was placed, holding the right of the brigade Une
near the southwest corner of the town. The Seventy-third OMo
joined on the left, and the One Hundred and TMrty-sixth New York
held the left of the position connecting with the Second Corps. The
TMrty-tMrd Massachusetts was placed on the northeast side of the
MU, and came, by reason of tMs position, later in the action under
command of General Ames of the First Brigade.
The batteries of the corps were five in number. Four of these
took part in the battle of July 1, and were, at the close of the day, in
need of rest and repairs. Six batteries were added by General Hunt,
CMef of ArtUlery of the Army of the Potomac, so that the position
was defended by no less than fifty-two guns on the morning of July 2.
The Confederate Army was making its fierce advance from the
northwest upon the Cashtown or Chambersburg Pike. General
Schurz was directed to advance tMough the town and gain position
on the right of the First Corps, but was unable to reach the position
deshed, and fought the enemy on a Une connecting with, but nearly
at right angles to, that of the First Corps. The artiUery under
Captain DUger was attacked by four batteries of the enemy coming
from the north, and was reinforced by Lieutenant Wheeler's New
York battery, and also by Lieutenant Wilkeson's regular battery.
The artUlery was handled in a most efficient manner, dismounting
five guns of the enemy; but EweU's troops appeared from the north-

Nathaniel C. McLean
Brigadier-Gexeral, U. S. V

Orland Smith
Brevet Brigadier-General, U. S. V.

James Wood, Jr.
Brevet Major-General, U. S. V.

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 97
east, and the First Division under General Barlow was deployed on
the right. The fighting was very severe, and the enemy was checked ;
but fresh troops appeared on the Harrisburg Road from the east,
and it soon became clear that a withdrawal to the heights was a
necessity. Heckman's battery was sent to stay the tide; the flanking
force was too strong, and Fleckman withdrew at the last moment,
losing one gun. He had been engaged but thirty minutes, and in
that time expended 113 rounds of camster and suffered a loss of
fifteen men and nine horses.
At 4 p. M. the positive order to withdraw was given. Costar's
brigade was sent from Cemetery Hill through the town and took
position on the right near the edge of the town, where it held the
epemy untU the troops could reach the position assigned them ori
the slopes of the MU behind the town. The retiring commands of
both corps reached the village at about the same time, and the
streets, although wide and straight, were soon filled with a confused
mass of troops, artUlery, and ambulances. The enemy pushed on
closely, and with musketry and artiUery added to the confusion and
captured many men of the corps. General ScMmmelfennig was
especiaUy unfortunate, being concealed in the town for three days
during the battle.
A little after 4 p. m. General Hancock arrived. He had been
appointed by General Meade to take command of the left wing to
succeed General Reynolds, and was directed to take command of
the field upon Ms arrival. In a private letter written very soon after
the battle, Colonel Orland Smith, who commanded the reserve
brigade, describes General Hancock's arrival. He says:
After taking my position, and when everything looked like disaster, Gen
eral Hancock arrived. He immediately rode along my lines and complimented
the men and the dispositions. He saw Captain Madeira and inquired who
commanded tha&4wigade. On being told, he desired to see me. I was called
and introduced. Said he: "My corps is on the way, but will not be here in
.time. This position should be held at all hazards. Now, Colonel, can you
hold it?" Said I, "I think I can." "Will you hold it?" "I will." And
we did. Though frequently under the most terrific fire, never during the whole
of it did a man of that brigade think of leaving that position unless wounded,
or dying  While some brigades have fearful lists of killed, wounded,
and missing, ours is confined to killed and wounded; we have very few missing.

98 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
At this moment General Hancock met General Howard, and
informed him of his order from General Meade to take command of
the field, at the same time stating that the order was a surprise to
Mm, and that he had not sohcited the appointment. It was soon
agreed that tMs was not a time to discuss matters of etiquette, and
both generals set about the task of placing the troops as they arrived
at the position. The presence of a powerful artillery force, supported
by a weU-ordered reserve, had a reassuring effect upon the disor-
gamzed commands, and one incident may be noted here. As one
of the regiments marched past, the Colonel failed to recognize or
respond to the order to about face and form line facing the enemy,
and was leading his command to the rear. He was arrested and
another officer placed over the regiment, which, under a courageous
leader, responded with good will. In another case General Howard,
noticing some reluctance to halt and form hne when the buUets of
the enemy began to whistle from the buildings in the town, took the
colors from the hand of the color-bearer and, carrying them with
difficulty under his only arm, started to the front of the new line,
where a staff officer placed them in position. The whole brigade
saw the incident and came forward with a cheer. The importance
of Cemetery Hill as a raUying-point was more and more evident as
the lines extended to right and left. No doubt General Lee noticed
the weU-ordered lines and the artUlery crowmng these heights, and
hesitated to order his corps to attempt its assault. The position was
circular in shape, and when the army was deployed the Une of battle
resembled a fish-hook, the right curving back to its point upon Culps
Hill and the centre and left reacMng the Round Tops in nearly a
straight hne facing west.
General C. H. Howard, at that time semor aide on the staff of
General O. O. Howard, his brother, had been sent at 4 p. M. with a
message to General Slocum, who commanded the Twelfth Corps.
TMs corps had bivouacked at Middletown, but nine miles from
Gettysburg, the night before, and, moving very leisurely, had reached
Two Taverns, about five miles from Gettysburg, at 11 a. m. Here
it rested in hearing of the battle tiU 2 p. m. Moving slowly, it had
at 4 p. m. arrived at a point on the Baltimore Pike but one mile from
the viUage, when a second and urgent message was deUvered by
General Howard, who recited the condition of affairs and requested

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 99
him to send one of his divisions to the right and one to the left of
Cemetery HUl, and that he should come in person to the summit
of the bill. It is due to General Slocum to say that probably he
was influenced by the memorandum of General Meade relating to
a possible concentration of the army on the position chosen for that
purpose on Pipe Creek, and had been led to beheve that a battle
was to be avoided at Gettysburg. He also dreaded the respon
sibUity of the command of the army, which his rank would have
demanded if he had been on the field. The presence of his corps
on the right at an earlier hour would have checked the enemy and
prevented the confusion of the retreat. General Slocum reached
the summit of Cemetery Hill at 7 p. m. By this hour the Unes
had been formed, Wadsworth's division and the First Corps
occupying Culps Hill, with a division of the Twelfth Corps on the
right in support. Another division of the First Corps was formed
on the left of the Eleventh Corps, and the Second Division of the
Twelfth Corps was in reserve. The day had been a bloody one:
18,000 Umon troops had successfully resisted more than 25,000
of the enemy, and had secured a commanding advantage in posi
tion. The mght was spent in forming the troops of the other
corps as they arrived. At 3 a. m., July 2, General Meade reached
the scene, coming from Taneytown, and by the light of a full
moon rode the Unes and made his plans for the day's work. The
pickets and skirmishers kept up a skirmish fire which, as day broke
on the 2d of July, became deadly, and many incidents of courage
and daring were witnessed by the long lines of hostile soldiers arrayed
upon the widespread open fields, and upon the heights where the
artillery and infantry masses waited the command to advance. The
skirmishers of the Eleventh Corps were thrown out toward the
enemy and were sharply engaged during the whole battle. The
position was one of great danger, as the men were subjected to a fire
from both front and flank, and sharpshooters from the houses in the
town picked them off at every opportunity. Several instances of
great courage and endurance were exhibited by these men. Corporal
Charles Stacey, of Company D, received from the War Department a
bronze medal for daring and efficient work in this Une.
During a lull in fighting, but under cover of the smoke which

ioo TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
hung like a paU over the battle-field, a company of Rebel sharp
shooters had gained possession of a house between the Unes, but so
low down the sweep of the MU that the Umon artUlery could not
be depressed sufficiently to dislodge them. Every shot from tMs
house brought down a man, an officer, or a horse, until the situation
became unbearable. To dislodge them was a dangerous mission.
It had to be done with a rush over mostly open space, and rushing
against trained and barricaded sharpshooters is not conducive to
long Ufe. Volunteers were caUed for, and Captain F. H. Boalt
responded. He caUed for volunteers among the men of the regiment,
and instantly secured as many as were needed. He did not take
many, possibly twenty or twenty- five; more would have attracted
attention. With tMs httle force crawUng along the Taneytown road
leading into Gettysburg and keeping under cover as much as possible,
he was discovered by the Rebel Une of battle before the sharpshooters
in the house had grasped the situation. There was but one tMng
to do, namely, to go ahead, and that he did. He made a rush for
the house, captured it, and held it during the remainder of the battle;
most of the men, however, were afterwards taken by the enemy.
TMs occurred when great Mstory was being made, and beyond the
view of ordinary observers. It was one of many like incidents for
wMch medals of honor were issued; but Captain Boalt never made
any claim for superior valor. He was as modest as brave. His
death at the hands of an assassin many years after was mourned by
every survivor of the regiment, who remembered Mm as a brave
and gallant gentleman and a warm hearted comrade.
The main hne of battle was protected by a stone waU, but the
losses from the sharpshooters were heavy. The position was one
that tried the courage of both officers and men far more than active
fighting. Except for incidents Uke tMs the day was quiet. The ar
riving troops of the Second, TMrd, and Fifth corps were placed in
Une as they reached the field. The Sixth Corps arrived last, having
been far away, and was massed in reserve near the bridge over
Rock Creek on the Baltimore Pike. At 4 p. m. the batteries on
the ridges west, north, and east of the village opened upon Ceme
tery HUl, and the fire continued vigorously for about two hours.
Many projectiles feU among the troops, and many were kUled

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1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 101
and wounded. In one case twenty-seven men were kiUed and
wounded by the explosion of a shell, but no man, unless wounded,
left the ranks. This artillery attack was replied to with great
spirit by the batteries on the hill, and especially on the east
the enemy suffered from it. As the firing ceased, the sounds
of infantry firing came to our ears from the left, where the fierce
attack of Longstreet upon General Sickles's Third Corps took place.
This desperate combat was fought on the left, near the Round Tops,
and was a determined effort to secure a footing on those elevations
from wMch the Union line could be enfiladed. The peculiar form
of the Umon Une of battle enabled General Meade to reinforce the
weak places in quick time, and after drawing into the storm of battle
the TMrd, Fifth, and Second corps, General Longstreet withdrew
his decimated command. Between six and seven o'clock the Second
Corps of the Confederate Army made a vigorous attempt to gain a
foothold upon our right. Culp's Hill and the ravine of Rock Creek
was the scene, and finally the northeast side of Cemetery Hill became
the ground of one of the most determined and headlong assaults
ever made by any troops. Reinforcements from the First and from
the Eleventh Corps and Carroll's brigade of the Second Corps were
hurried and arrived just in time to defeat the attempt to gain the hill.
The charging enemy, by their desperate energy, actually reached the
batteries on the summit, the cannoneers repeUing the charge with
rammers and hand-spikes before the infantry support reached the
scene. In this attack the Louisiana Tigers were almost destroyed.
The force defending the right flank had been depleted by the call for
help on the west front, and the Twelfth Corps had sent two divisions
in response. The division of General Ed. Johnson, of Ewell's corps,
had pushed into the deserted works and bivouacked that night
within a few rods of the Baltimore Pike, and but a short distance
from General Meade's headquarters. The mormng of July 3
opened with one of the most terrific struggles of the battle, as
Greene and Geary attacked the intruders and at last wrested
from them this menace to the very heart of the army; for the
ammumtion train was parked on the Baltimore pike but a mile
from the scene.
General Slocum's corps began the battle on the right at 3 :30 A. M.,

102 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
and at 11 A. m. had succeeded in regaimng its Unes, having fought
eight hours without breakfast.
During tMs time the cavahy, under General Gregg, had defeated
General Stuart's cavalry on the Bonaughtown road, three mUes east
of Gettysburg, in an attempt to ride around the Umon right flank.
General Gregg had tMee brigades under Generals Custer, Mcintosh,
and Irving Gregg, against the commands of the Confederate Generals
Fitzhugh Lee and Wade Hampton. The engagement was a furious
one, resulting in a loss of about 1,000 men on each side; but
General Stuart was foUed in Ms attempt, and soon found enough to
do in guarding the flanks of Ms own army. Upon the Umon left,
near Round Top, two brigades of cavahy under General Kilpatrick
were at the same hour massing for an attack on the Confederate right
and rear. Two brigades of Longstreet's corps were withdrawn from
Ms fighting hne to defend the tMeatened flank. The Umon cavalry
was adventurous and met with loss, but its services were of value
in weakemng the Confederate hnes at a critical moment in the
battle. After the repulse of Johnson's division on the Umon right flank
at 11 a. m., there was a lull in the battle. General Meade, being on
the defensive, now prepared to meet General Lee's next move, wMch
he felt would be an important one. He is reported to have said to
General Gibbon that General Lee had made attacks on both flanks
and had faded, and that Ms next assault would be in the centre. A
prominent landmark near the centre of the Umon Une of battle and
not far from the left flank of the Eleventh Corps was a smaU clump
of trees of umbreUa shape, caUed Zeigler's Grove. The ridge at
tMs point is nearly flat. The ground declines gently for a distance
of nearly a mUe to the slope of Seminary Ridge. Near tMs grove
General Hunt, CMef of ArtiUery, posted about thirty pieces of
artiUery. Upon Cemetery HUl he had aheady about fifty more,
and on the left, near Little Round Top, were forty, besides thirty
pieces in the artUlery reserve, a total of nearly 150 pieces avaUable
for use to defend the hne. Upon the Confederate side, the CMef
of ArtiUery was General Pendleton, but for tMs combat the work
of arranging the artiUery was assigned to General E. P. Alexander,
a graduate of West Point, where he had studied Ms profession with

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 103
General Hunt. On the crest of Seminary Ridge and opposite
Zeigler's Grove he placed seventy-five guns, and also arranged the
artUlery on the Mils to right and left of this main battery so as to
deliver a converging fire on the point of assault. Altogether he could
muster about 150 pieces. The Confederate infantry detailed to
assault the Union centre was now massed near the main battery.
It consisted of twelve brigades or forty-six regiments of infantry,
comprising Pickett's division of the First Corps, Heth's division of
the Second Corps under Pettigrew, and several other commands —
in all about 18,000 men.
Before taking position, Longstreet tried to persuade Lee to adopt
some other plan, or at least choose another point for the assault, but
Lee was not to be moved.
At one o'clock the impressive silence wMch brooded over the
field was broken by a signal gun from the Confederate line, and in
thirty seconds more another like a warmng knell boomed sullenly
forth. Another moment of silence, and then the most tremendous
artiUery battle on record crashed over the field and along the Unes.
Three hundred pieces of artillery flashed and thundered, sending
their dreadful bolts and bursting shells with fearful accuracy and
awful results. The whole two miles of battle-field was ablaze and
sMouded in smoke. The Confederate batteries were weU served.
Their range was accurate, and the rounded top of the field where
the Umon lines were placed was swept as with a besom of destruc
tion. General Meade's headquarters, in a small farm-house near
the grove, was repeatedly struck. Sixteen horses of officers and
orderUes about headquarters were killed in a few minutes. Meade
Mmself was nearly hit, and he remarked to the officers about Mm
that they must seek other quarters if they expected to live. Fifteen
artillery caissons were exploded, and it became impossible to send
or receive orders in the storm of bursting shells and amid the smoke,
noise, and confusion of that unexampled tornado of Rebel wrath.
As Umon batteries were put out of action, fresh ones from the reserve
were brought forward. It was noted that the fire of the Confederate
artiUery was spread along the lines, and that the Umon batteries
concentrated their fire on particular points. This terrible combat
continued for nearly two hours, when the fire of the Umon batteries

104 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
slackened by order of General Hunt, who wished to save ammunition
for the assault wMch he was sure would foUow. The enemy, sup
posing their grim work had silenced our guns, graduaUy ceased firing
also. General Lee is reported to have said to the officer in command
of the charging column, "You can go ahead now; you won't find
any one ahve on that ridge."
From the elevation of Cemetery HUl a fine view of the plain and
of the opposing ridge can be had, and now the spectators on the
elevation saw the long Unes of Confederate infantry take position
for their desperate assault of the Union centre. The assaulting force
was deployed in tMee Unes with supporting lines in the centre and
brigades in column on the flanks. One spectator described it as
"acres of soldiers in soUd mass." The front hne, consisting of two
brigades of Pickett's Virginia division, covered nearly a mile. Six
brigades of Longstreet's corps supported the left, and three brigades
from HiU's corps supported the right. It was the very flower of the
Confederate Army.
As soon as this magmficent array reached the open field, directing
its march upon the grove, the artillery about the grove and Cemetery
HUl opened fire with soUd shot and shell. The steady march was
not delayed; the gaps and empty spaces closed up, and like a storm
cloud, terrible in its irresistible force, the great mass came nearer and
nearer the Umon hnes. As soon, however, as the Rebel right flank
was presented to theh view, the artiUerymen of the Round Tops
began to tMow from forty pieces a terrible storm of missUes, wMch
was so well dhected as to weU-mgh destroy that part of the column.
It was with the greatest difficulty that theh officers prevented a pamc
and retreat, for General Hancock's command now opened fire from
the front, and the artiUery about the grove and cemetery used canister
with deadly effect. A Vermont brigade, just from the defences at
WasMngton, had been posted at an angle to the main line, and de
Uvered an effective fire on the wavering Rebel right. On their left
CarroU's brigade of the Second Corps advanced square on theh flank
with equal effect. The Confederate centre, however, now presenting
but a narrow front, led by General Armisted on foot, hat on sword,
and by General Garnett on horseback, reached the stone waU at
Zeigler's Grove, and for a moment it seemed as if the Union centre

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 105 ^
had been pierced. A furious melee of troops almost without or
ganization ensues, the dense masses fighting hand to hand; but the
Confederate column has no support and can do no more. As a great
tidal wave rolls in overwhelming force and sends its spray far up the
beach, so a few of the most adventurous reach the wall and vainly
struggle with fate; but the impulse was gone, and of the 18,000
vaUant men who started on that fearful journey, barely half returned
straggUng back to hear General Lee say, "Too bad; it's all my fault."
The general dhection of the march of the left of the Confederate
column appeared at first to be straight upon the position of General
von Steinwehr's division, and preparations were made to meet the
assault; but the column moved to its right as it advanced, and although
Pettigrew's division was under fire at long range for a short time, but
little part was taken by the Eleventh Corps in repelling the charge.
SmaU wonder is it that General Meade, as the assaulting column
retired amid the storm of shot and shell wMch poured upon the
broken and retreating lines, should reverently raise his hand and
ejaculate a fervent "Thank God!" for the frightful losses of the
Confederate Army were almost equalled upon the Union side. The
Rebel Army is computed to have lost in kiUed, wounded, and cap
tured, 28,063 men, including five general officers kiUed, and nine
wounded. The official report of the Union losses is 23,049, with four
general officers killed, and thirteen wounded. In the artillery, Gen
eral Hunt, Chief of ArtUlery of the Union Army, reported a loss of
737 men and 881 horses. Doubtless the Confederate loss was
equaUy great. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio in tMs battle numbered barely
320, and lost twelve kiUed, thirteen wounded, and eleven captured,
a total of thirty-six; many men, too, were used up by the hard
marches and exposure. The losses of both armies were 52,112 men
put out of action in three days. Nothing could more clearly demon
strate the fighting qualities of the Anglo-Saxon race.
The Mght of July 3 was marked by a relief from the extreme
tension of the preceding days. A furious rainstorm came on about
midnight and drenched the field. Tents could not be pitched, of
course, and even the general officers were without the usual comforts
of camp. Even General Meade sat out the mght exposed to the
driving rain. One of his biographers says that he did not get a

io6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
mght's rest tiU the mght of the 5th, and was almost exhausted by
the strain and loss of sleep.
On July 4 General Meade issued a general order to Ms army in
weU-chosen words and reverent in tone, in wMch he commended it
for courage and endurance, and gave thanks to the Almighty for
the victory.
Under cover of the darkness and the rain, upon the Mght of July
3, General Lee withdrew Ms left wing from Gettysburg, and the next
morning found the Confederate Army occupying the heights of Oak
HiU, north of the SerrUnary, theh Une being straight from north to
south. Reconnaissances were pushed tMough the town, wMch was
occupied by the Umon Army, and many prisoners, among whom
was General Schimmelfenmg, were restored^ to the ranks. The
Rebel sltirmishers were as bold and active as ever and kept up a
deadly fire, but it was now possible to move about with some degree
of safety. It rained hard aU the afternoon, and tMs may have
changed General Meade's purpose to push the enemy sharply with
the Fifth and Sixth corps on the left near the Round Tops. Con
federate reports state that General Lee started Ms train to the rear
m the afternoon, under charge of General Imboden and Ms cavalry.
TMs train was seventeen miles in length. A large part of it consisted
of wagons used as ambulances for the wounded. General Imboden
declared he never realized the horrors of war so fuUy as upon that
mght march, as he convoyed that procession of wagons filled with
groaning and shrielring men whose cries fiUed the ah, and at every
halt unloading and burying those who had succumbed to their
wounds and whose cries had been stiUed m death.
The Fourth of July was spent in gathering the wounded from the
field and in burymg the dead. Rain came down m torrents, and it
was the afternoon of the 5th before the Eleventh Corps marched
from that field, now forever memorable. At the junction of the
Taneytown and Emmettsburg roads now stands a monument of
OMo sandstone marking the position held by the regiment during
the battle. TMs spot, made dear to every member of the regiment,
and to those who cherish the memory of the men who here gave the
full measure of theh devotion to the cause of Uberty, was almost
witMn the sound of the voice of President Lincoln, as he pro-

Monument Erected to the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, September, 1887
At the Crossing of the Emmettsburg and Taneytown Roads, on the
Battle-field of Gettysburg

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 107
nounced the greatest of funeral orations upon the dedication of
the National Cemetery.
General Lee withdrew his army from the field of Gettysburg on
the night of July 4. Having sent his trains via Cashtown and
Chambersburg, he directed the infantry via the Fairfield road, which,
running southwest, covers and protects the former route. His aim
was to reach the Potomac at WilUamsport and Falling Waters,
where a pontoon bridge had been laid. This bridge was broken
and destroyed by a Union force from Harper's Ferry, but was soon
replaced by boats made at WilUamsport and other points above. On
July 7 the Confederate Army was deployed upon an elevated plateau
about three miles east of the Potomac. The line was more than seven
miles in length, having its right near the Potomac, where a bend in
the stream affords a position for defence. The line was near and
paraUel to the Antietam River. The Union cavalry under General
Pleasonton pursued sharply on the Chambersburg road and cap
tured a few wagons and some prisoners, but the Confederate Army
reached its position in fairly good order, and its trains were
sent safely across the river at WilUamsport, where its Unes were
fortified and an attack was expected.
General Meade pursued the retreating Confederates by directing
Ms army on Unes paraUel to and on the southeastern slope of South
Mountain. The First, Second, and Sixth corps moved via Em
mettsburg, marching thence due south through Creagerstown and
thence to Middletown. The third column, the Twelfth Corps, and
General French's command, moved via Taneytown to Frederick,
where the raihoad afforded facUities for a base of suppUes.
The Fifty-Fifth, with its brigade, marched on Sunday evemng,
July 5, to Rock Creek, five miles over a rough and muddy road, camp
ing at 11 p. m. It rained furiously during the night, and the march
was constantly interrupted by the wagon-trains. On the 6th a march
of ten miles brought the command to Emmettsburg, where an after
noon's rest near the coUege was a grateful reUef. The march of
July 7 was a severe one, covering twenty miles over roads miry and
worn by the trains; but cherries were ripe, the air was warm, and the
army was pursuing the enemy— conditions to which the spirits of the
men responded — and, singing and joking, they at last made camp

108 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
six miles northeast of Middletown. The march of July 8 was a short
one, being but four miles, leading tMough High Knob Gap of the
Catoctin Mountains; but mist and fog covered the MUs and the com
mand became confused in the pouring rain, marcMng back and forth
tiU the men were nearly exhausted. At noon the rain ceased. The
fog lifted, and the beautiful landscape of the Catoctin vaUey was
spread out before the eyes of the column as it wound down the
mountain, with the vUlage of Middletown nestled in the middle of
the picture, surrounded by well-improved farms, whose yeUow fields
of wheat and green orchards moved Comrade Henney almost to
forget Ms hunger as he made an admiring note in his diary. On
the 9th a rest put the regiment in good condition, and when the
supply train uMoaded a consignment of shoes, the barefooted re
joiced. News of the capture of Vicksburg and its army under
Pemberton had reached the army on the 8th and fiUed aU hearts with
rejoicing. July 10 the command marched through Turner's Gap
in South Mountain to Beaver Creek, seven miles from Boonsborough,
and rested that day and the next, wMle the corps on the left were
deployed to locate the enemy. Sunday, July 12, the corps moved
to Funkstown, seven miles, the First Division going on three miles
to Hagerstown. On the 13th the corps passed a quiet day massed
between Funkstown and Hagerstown, observing the enemy, whose
left flank could be plainly seen from the towers of the Mgh buildings
in the viUage. General Lee was straimng every nerve to cross his
army into Virgima by the ford at WilUamsport and the bridge at
Falhng Waters, in the mean time keeping up a bold front. His army
covered seven mUes of front and was fortified. TMs, with a cheerful
order he had issued to Ms troops, deceived General Meade and his
corps commanders into the beUef that Ms force was larger than it
reaUy was. Upon the mght of July 12 General Meade had caUed
Ms corps commanders to a council, at wMch a majority expressed
theh opimon as against an attack on the enemy's Unes. It was
afterwards reported that three officers, namely, Generals Wadsworth,
Howard, and Pleasonton, had voted for an advance and a fight if
necessary. Generals Howard and Pleasonton were of the opimon
that General Lee's left flank was open to an attack from Ms left and
rear, wMch, if properly supported, would probably be successful.

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN 109
General Meade was influenced by the negative vote, but decided to
move forward his whole army on the 14th. On that date the Eleventh
Corps marched to Williamsport, ten miles, only to find the defences
empty and the Rebel Army safely across the river. Undoubtedly
General Meade afterwards regretted his decision not to assault the
enemy at this time; with the Potomac flooded by the recent heavy
rains, his bridges gone, and with ammunition almost exhausted,
General Lee's case was a desperate one; but fortune favored him
and he escaped.
General Meade, on learning of the escape of the enemy, imme
diately issued orders for pursuit, sending the First, Fifth, Sixth, and
Eleventh corps tMough Crampton's and Turner's gaps in South
Mountain to cross the Potomac at Berlin; and the Second, Third,
and Twelfth via Harper's Ferry. The Eleventh Corps on the 15th
made a long and exhausting march. Leaving Williamsport early in
the morning and marching via Hagerstown and Funkstown, the
corps crossed South Mountain late in the day and camped at Middle-
town, having covered twenty miles. Rations were scarce, and the
roads were much cut up and heavy. The march of the 16th covered
ten miles via Jefferson to Berhn. It rained on the 17th, but the
Fifty-Fifth remained in camp and enjoyed the rest, while the Fifth
Corps crossed the river, and on the 18th still waited the crossing of
the First Corps. On Sunday, the 19th, the Eleventh Corps crossed
the Potomac at Berhn, and in spite of the oppressive weather,
covered eighteen miles, marching via LovettsvUle and Waterford
to near Hamilton. The 20th was cooler and the march of eighteen
mUes was not so difficult. The route was over a MUy country via
Mount GUead to Mountsville. Camping before sunset gave the
boys a chance to forage for blackberries, which were just getting
ripe. The command had two days' rest here and enjoyed the reUef
from the hard work of the preceding week. Meade was desirous
of harassing the enemy as much as possible, but Lee had the Blue
Ridge and the Shenandoah River between Ms army and ours, and
could afford to aUow his army time to recuperate. Meade marched
the Second, Third, and TweUth corps to cover Smckers Gap, and
pushed on with the rest of Ms army to reach Ashby's Gap, and from

no TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
thence hoped to pass tMough Chester Gap, or possibly Manassas
Gap, and strike Lee's army in flank. He did not move fast enough,
and Lee had only to defend with Ms rear guard a feeble attack from
French's corps at Wapping Heights in the defile of Manassas Gap.
General French was a regular officer of mature years, who had suc
ceeded General Sickles in command of the TMrd Corps. On July
29 the Fifty-Fifth marched to Aldie and made preparations to camp
there. The band comphmented a Union lady there by playing
several pieces for her. At night orders came to return to Goose
Creek. The weather was very hot, and the abundance of black
berries made an important addition to the rations. A hard march
of twenty-four miles on the 23d, in the intense heat, to New Baltimore,
wiU long be remembered; but an all-day rest on the 24th enabled
the men to recover their sphits and strength, which were both needed
on the 25th, for a severe march of seventeen miles was made before
noon to Warrenton Junction. The day was very hot and the roads
ankle deep with dust. The necessity for so severe a march does not
appear, but some one probably blundered. The command rested
at Warrenton Junction from the 26th to the 31st.
At 2 a. m. of August 1 orders to march were received, and the
brigade at dayUght started on one of the hardest marches it ever
undertook. The distance was but twelve mUes, but the route led
over a fairly level country, waterless and treeless. The day was one
of the hottest of the season, and the roadbed was composed of a
black slate which the sun heated to almost furnace heat. Most of
the command fell out on the way, and when the regiment arrived
at Brentsville there were but few guns to stack.
On August 2 another hot march of twelve miles brought the
command to Catlett Station, where camp was made and prepara
tions for a long stay. On August 6 the First Division of the corps
under General Gordon left the army to reinforce the army operating
about Charleston, South Carolina. This division had been rein
forced at BerUn by ten regiments, four of them being nine months
troops. It was a serious loss to the corps, which needed but the
encouragement which might have been given by reinforcements and
discipline to be recognized as one of the best in the army. Captain
C. P. Wickham, who had been appointed an aide on the staff of the

Frederick H. Boalt
Captain, Company D

Francis H. Morse
Captain, Company E

1863] THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN in
division commander during the campaign, went with the division to
Charleston, but afterwards returned to the Fifty-Fifth.
On August 18 the regiment broke camp again, and marched to
Bristoe Station, where it had been encamped the year before. But
few houses composed the place then, and they had disappeared to
make soldiers' huts and cookhouses. At this station, during the
retreat of Pope's army in 1862, a train of eighty cars loaded with
suppUes for the Umon Army had been burned when attacked by
Stuart's cavalry to prevent theh falUng into the hands of the enemy.
The sheet-iron roofs that encumbered the right of way served a good
purpose in supplying material for soldiers' quarters. The strips
were nailed to posts set in the ground, and, with shelter tents for
roofs, good shelters were soon made.
At Bristoe Station, and along the Orange and Alexandria Raihoad,
the Eleventh Corps covered the routes of supply to the rest of General
Meade's army, wMch was now posted on the left bank of the Rappa
hannock River, the right resting on Waterloo Bridge, and the left
at EUis Ford, the raihoad being about midway and perpendicular
to the Une of the army. Cavahy protected the flanks.
The campaign now ended. During the fifty days from June 12
to August 1 the Eleventh Corps had marched 350 miles, enduring
heat, rain, and all the trials of one of the severest campaigns of the
war. The records show that the Army of the Potomac during this
time fought the enemy in sixty-seven different engagements, losing
a total of 32,043 men in killed, wounded, and missing, or captured.
The loss of the Confederate Army was fully as great and propor
tionately much larger, especially as their losses could not be
restored. Every soldier of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, and every loyal heart that
rejoiced in their brave and untiring efforts in this campaign, will
read with admiration the joint resolution passed by Congress,
January 28, 1864:
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled :
That the gratitude of the American people, and the thanks of their repre
sentatives in Congress are due, and are hereby tendered to Major-General
Joseph Hooker, and the officers and soldiers of the Army of thePotomac, for the

112 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
skill, energy, and endurance which first covered Washington and Baltimore from
the meditated blow of the advancing and powerful army of Rebels led by
General Robert E. Lee; and to Major-General George G. Meade, Major-General
Oliver O. Howard, and the officers and soldiers of that army, for the skill and
heroic valor which at Gettysburg repulsed, defeated, and drove back, broken
and dispirited, beyond the Rappahannock, the veteran army of the Rebellion.

CHAPTER VIII
THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE
THE month of September, 1863, found the Eleventh Corps
guarding the commumcations of the Army of the Potomac
upon the line of the Rapidan River in Virginia, where it confronted
the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia on ground aheady
familiar to both commands. Having borne an honorable part in
the Gettysburg campaign, the corps had now returned to the scenes
of its former trials under Generals Pope, Burnside, and Hooker.
The First Division, under General Gordon, had been transferred
to the command besieging Charleston, and the two remaimng
divisions numbered about 7,500 men.
On September 23 the foUowing identical telegram was sent by
Secretary Stanton to Messrs. J. W. Garrett, President of the Balti
more & Ohio Raihoad, Baltimore; S. M. Felton, Vice-President of
the Pennsylvama Railway, PhiladelpMa, Pennsylvania ; and Thomas
A. Scott, General Manager of the Pennsylvama Railway, PMladel-
pMa, Pennsylvama: Washington, D. C, September 23, 1863. 11:15 p. m.
Please come to Washington as quickly as you can.
Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary.
These dispatches, among many others, indicated the decision of
the government to reinforce the army under General Rosecrans,
which, shattered by the disastrous battle of Chickamauga, was
maintaining a precarious foothold upon the left bank of the Tennessee
River at Chattanooga. The situation of that army was indeed
almost desperate. The Confederates, flushed with victory, had
drawn theh Unes close about Chattanooga, holding on the west the
point of Lookout Mountain and the left bank of the river for some
miles beyond (a strong force being posted at Brown's Ferry), and on
the east holding Missionary Ridge to the mouth of CMckamauga
Creek. "3

114 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
President Lincoln and his advisers at Washington now felt that
speedy action was imperative. The confidential reports of Charles
A. Dana, who was at tMs time visiting the armies of the West for
the purpose of arriving at and reporting the exact condition of affairs
to the President and the Secretary of War, indicated in most forcible
terms the necessity for reorgamzation and reinforcements, and es
pecially for a change in commanders. Accordingly, orders were sent
to General Sherman to march the Fifteenth Corps to Stevenson,
Alabama, foUowing and repairing the line of the Memphis and
Charleston Raihoad in his movement. General Burnside's com
mand had already arrived at KnoxviUe, but the necessity for retaining
a firm hold on the passes through the Blue Ridge to the east and a
painful lack of supplies prevented Ms movement toward Chattanooga.
Orders were issued calhng General U. S. Grant to the command of
the MiUtary Division of the Mississippi, which comprised the three
armies of the Ohio, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee. These
orders did not reach General Grant until October 13, when he at
once appointed General Sherman to succeed Mm as chief of the Army
of the Tennessee, and indicated his wish that General Thomas
should succeed General Rosecrans as Chief of the Army of the Cum
berland. On October 10 Jefferson Davis made a visit of congratulation
to General Bragg and his victorious army, and from the summit of
Lookout Mountain, pointing to the besieged Union Army, he
prophesied a bold campaign wMch would either destroy that army
or hurl it back to its farthest base.
MarcMng from the bank of the Rapidan, the Eleventh Corps,
on September 25, reported at Washington to General Hooker, who,
by order No. 427 of the War Department, upon that date had been
assigned to the command of the Eleventh and Twelfth corps. A
telegram from General Slocum, dated Brandy Station, September
25, to President Lincoln, contained a vigorous protest against serving
with General Hooker, and offered his resignation. Pending reply,
the Twelfth Corps, under General Slocum, followed the Eleventh
Corps to Washington and reported to General Hooker. The move
ment of these two corps from Washington to Bridgeport, Alabama,
a distance of 994 miles, was a remarkable acMevement. In addition

p%'.

Ulysses S. Grant
General, U. S. A.

George H. Thomas
Major-General, U. S. A.

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 115
to the 7,500 men of tlie Eleventh Corps, the Twelfth Corps required
transportation for some 10,000 men. The batteries of the two
corps numbered twenty-five guns and twenty guns, respectively,
while the train of wagons and ambulances numbered 717 vehicles,
requiring 3,402 animals for their use. This immense army and its
material were transported to their destination in nine days, a triumph
of good management, due to the energy and talents of Quartermaster-
General Meigs, General McCallum, Director of Military Railways,
and to the citizen railway officers who executed the movement. The
journey was fuU of interest and incident. The men were conveyed
in box cars, rudely seated, and accommodating some tMrty-six to forty
men each; one passenger coach to each train provided partial quar
ters for the officers, and the impedimenta were loaded in such equip
ment as chance provided. The contrast with the luxurious mode
of modern conveyance is striking. The route followed was via the
Baltimore and Ohio Railway and the Pennsylvania lines to Louisville,
thence via the Louisville and Nashville and the Nashville, Chatta
nooga and St. Louis roads, passing Wheehng, Columbus, Dayton,
IndianapoUs, Louisville, and Nashville. An amusing incident
occurred en route. On September 27 Superintendent Smith, of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railway, wired Secretary Stanton that some
officer had dhected that the Third Division, Eleventh Corps, be
held at Grafton for his arrival. The Secretary at once demanded
the name of the offender, and, learning that it was General Carl
Schurz (who then, as always, was ready to suggest improvements
upon existing methods), addressed him the foUowing characteristic
dispatch : War Department, September 27, 1863, 9:40 p. m.
Major-General Schurz, Fairmont.
Major-General Hooker has the orders of this department to relieve you
from command and put under arrest any officer who undertakes to delay or
interfere with the orders and regulations of the railroad officers in charge of
the transportation of troops. Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War.
The energetic Secretary also suggested to the superintendent to
delay forwarding such telegrams untU the troops had gone forward,

n6

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863

a method wMch had been foUowed by the tram dispatcher. In
spite of Ms remonstrances General Schurz faUed to reach the head
of Ms column. His final protest is dated October 1, and bears an
indorsement, October 8, of General Hooker, to the effect that it
was fortunate that Ms repeated attempts had not caused delay.
General Hooker's orders forbade Mm to go beyond Bridgeport,
and Ms troops were, therefore, echeloned on the raUway between
XashviUe and Bridgeport, acting as guards agamst the formidable
cavalry raids set in motion by General Bragg, and bemg more readUy
suppUed than would have been possible nearer Chattanooga. The
Umon cavahy, findmg it impossible to subsist at Chattanooga, had
been distributed along the Tennessee River, both north and south
of Chattanooga, presenting but a feeble curtain to the aggressive
movements of the Confederate cavalry under Wheeler, Forrest, and
S. D. Lee. On September 29 General Lee, who occupied northern
Alabama, was directed to cross the river with a force of 2,500 well-
mounted men; and General Roddy, with Ms brigade of 1,500 men,
then at Tuscumbia, was ordered to join him. General Wheeler,
with some 4,000 efficient sabres and several batteries, on September
30 crossed the river at Cottonport, some sixty mUes north of Chat
tanooga, and dhected Ms march upon PikevUle, in the SequatcMe
vaUey, marcMng aU mght, and thus reachmg a commanding position
before the Umon cavalry could concentrate to forbid Ms march
down the vaUey. By a most unfortunate chance, a provision train
of some tMee hundred wagons was en route from McMinnville to
Stevenson at the moment. Defeating the Umon cavahy in detaU,
General Wheeler sent the major part of Ms command against
McMinnviUe, where was a depot of considerable importance, and
with some 1,500 sabres made a dash at Anderson, wMch he reached
October 2, before help could arrive, and captured the entire train,
wMch was promptly destroyed. Retiring, and avoiding serious
fight, he jomed Ms command before McMinnviUe, wMch he found
defended by oMy 600 men, and it feU a speedy prey with its depots
of subsistence, ammumtion, and equipment. On October 4 General
Crook entered McMinnville, only to find smoking embers of the
stores, the rolling stock, station house, and neighboring bridges.
Pursuing sharply, General Crook prevented an attack upon Mur-

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 117
freesborough, but was unable to avert the destruction of several
mUes of the raihoad between Murfreesborough and Wartrace.
General Wheeler avoided further fighting as far as possible, and
on October 9 crossed the river at Muscle Shoals. His successful
expedition compeUed Rosecrans to put his command upon half
rations, and heavy rains destroyed the country roads so that he was
compeUed UteraUy to live from hand to mouth, and was in great
danger of famine.
About this date General Grant arrived at Cairo, and, having
been informed by the Secretary of War (who journeyed to Indian-
apoUs to meet Mm) of the order of the President investing him with
the supreme command of the tMee great armies of the West, made
his plans for meeting the situation so alarming and so critical. He
whed General Thomas at Chattanooga on October 19 not to give
up the place at any price. The new commander of the Army of the
Cumberland replied at once, " We wUl hold the town tiU we starve."
He did not have to face that dire necessity, for General Grant was
already on Ms way to Chattanooga, although suffering severely from
a fall with his horse which, since August, had prevented him from
mounting. He was to afford another instance of that method and
order wMch always foUowed Ms sole command. Instead of divided
commands and divided responsibilities, his iron will inspired respect,
confidence, and obedience, and success as uniformly foUowed.
On October 24 Mr. Dana telegraphed the Secretary of War from
Chattanooga as foUows: "Grant arrived last night, wet, dirty, and
weU." The master was now at hand. General HaUeck's reign was
ended. General Rosecrans had left Ms army on the 19th of October,
cheerfully sacrificing Ms feelings upon the altar of common devotion
to the cause. He met General Grant in Ms car at night (at Stevenson,
October 21), and cordiaUy gave him considerable information as to
the situation and the proposed operations for relief, and then passed
off the scene— more sinned against than sinning. General Grant
arrived at Stevenson October 21. Upon his arrival, General Howard,
accompamed by his staff, proceeded to the raihoad station and called
upon him in his car. General Hooker's headquarters were at
Stevenson, and, learning of Grant's arrival, he sent a staff officer

n8

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863

to present Ms compUments and also an invitation to General Grant
to visit Mm. General Grant decUned to leave the car, and re
turned word by the officer that he would be pleased to see Gen
eral Hooker in his car, if he wished to see Mm. The aide gal
loped back to headquarters, and very soon General Hooker, with
Ms aides, appeared on horseback and made a formal caU on Gen
eral Grant in his car. General Grant spent that night in General
Howard's quarters at Bridgeport, making use of General Howard's
tent, which that officer vacated for him. Near the foot of the
camp-bed he spied a flask of whiskey and said to General Howard,
"That looks suspicious, General." "Yes," said General Howard,
" but that is not my flask. It was left by General Rosecrans, who
occupied my tent one night on his way North. I do not use wMskey,
and cannot teU its quality. WiU you try it?" "No," replied
Grant, "I do not drink whiskey. I do not drink at all." And so
that flask did not lose any of its contents that mght.
General Grant's first effort was to supply the starving army. A
plan, first suggested by General Rosecrans, had been matured by
General Thomas and General WUliam F. Smith, Chief Engineer,
Army of the Cumberland. At daybreak on the 24th, General Grant,
in company with Generals Thomas and Smith, visited the scene of
operations, approved the plan, which was simple and practical, and
at once ordered it put into operation. The whole army knew before
the day was ended that a master's hand had seized the helm. The
problem was by no means an easy one. The Tennessee River,
flowing southwest from Chattanooga, is soon deflected to the east
and then to the north by the mighty base of Lookout Mountain.
The peninsula formed by the eccentric course of the river resembles
the moccasin worn by Indians, and is called Moccasin Point. Op
posite Chattanooga tMs peninsula is a little over three-fifths of a
mUe in width, and a direct road from Chattanooga to Brown's Ferry
affords an ideal route for supplies. Farther to the west and south
Raccoon Mountain dominates the river and the pass over the base
of Lookout Mountain, as weU as the roads leading to the upper
crossings of the Tennessee. It wiU always be a mystery to the
miUtary student why General Bragg did not occupy the terraces of
Raccoon Mountain. It was the key to the situation, and had it

Henry B. Warren
First Lieutenant, Company D

David A. Warren
First Sergeant, Company C
Commissioned Second Lieutenant
July io, 1865 (not mustered)

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 119
been boldly occupied the fate of the Army of the Cumberland would
have been soon decided. Between the mouth of Lookout Creek
and Brown's Ferry a range of low hills, steep and well wooded
divides Lookout Valley. Between the narrow wooded crests of
these hills runs the raUway, the road from Brown's Ferry to KeUy's
Ferry, and the road over the base of Lookout Mountain to Chat
tanooga. General Smith at once perceived the value and impor
tance of this ridge of MUs to the success of the scheme he proposed,
and reported a plan, wMch was accepted and put in action at once.
On October 24 General Thomas directed General Hooker to
mass Ms command at Bridgeport, leaving one division of the TweUth
Corps to guard the raUroad between Murfreesborough and Bridge
port, and at the same time ordered General Granger to send the
First Division of the Fourth Corps and one brigade of the Fourteenth
Corps and a battery to cover RanMn's Ferry and Love's Ferry upon
the right bank of the river opposite SheUmound and WMtesides, to
support and remforce Hooker's command, should it be necessary.
General Grant also immediately sent a telegram to General Sherman
as follows: "Drop everything east of Bear Creek and march for
Stevenson at once." TMs telegram did not reach General Sherman
until the 30th, having been forwarded to General Crook at Athens
by wire, and by him intrusted to Corporal Pike, an intelligent and
adventurous soldier, fond of daring enterprises, who paddled down
the river alone in a canoe, and, fortunately escaping the guerrillas,
reached the Umon hnes at Tuscumbia, and was at once sent by
General Blah to General Sherman at Iuka. General Sherman
had foreseen the possibility of an order of tMs nature, and pushed
forward Ms tMee divisions without a moment's delay, at the same
time ordering forward from MempMs Dodge's division of the Six
teenth Corps, 8,000 strong, and Tuttle's division of the Fifteenth
Corps, from Vicksburg.
On the 31st of October General Grant had under Ms hand in
the tMee departments of the Cumberland (97,016), the OMo (49,367),
and the Tennessee (84,159) — 230,558 men of aU arms,aU moving upon
practical Unes to one purpose. The operations proposed by General
Smith were eMarged by General Grant, who arranged for a move
ment by which the armies under Generals Thomas and Hooker

120 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
should umte at Brown's Ferry. Combined operations of tMs nature
are dangerous, and must be carried out with great precision to avoid
faUure; but the troops were veterans, and General Grant's instruc
tions could not be misunderstood. General Smith had charge of
the movement to capture the guard at Brown's Ferry and lay a
pontoon bridge at that point. At about 4 a. m. on the 28th fifty
pontoons, each one loaded with twenty-four men and one officer,
and two floats, carrying sixty men each, aU of Hazen's brigade,
Fourth Corps, sUently pushed off from the wharf at Chattanooga,
and, concealed by a sUght mist wMch covered the water, and huggmg
the farther shore, drifted the six miles wMch intervened, passing
the enemy's pickets, and at daylight disembarked almost unnoticed
at Brown's Ferry. When the enemy perceived the danger it was
too late. The combat was sharp for a few moments, but Generals
Hazen and TurcMn soon brought forward the rest of their brigades,
wMch had been Mdden upon the peninsula, and Brown's Ferry was
won. The Confederate batteries on Lookout Mountain essayed the
destruction of the bridge, but to no purpose, and by noon the passage
was secured. The Union loss was twenty-one kiUed and wounded.
Meantime General Hooker had foUowed his instructions to the
letter. Early in the morning of October 27 General Howard moved
Ms command across the pontoon at Bridgeport. It consisted of two
divisions of the Eleventh Corps, under Schurz and Von SteinweM, and
had two compames of cavalry as advance guards. General Geary
foUowed with one division of the TweUth Corps. The route lay
along the base of Raccoon Mountain, foUowing the line of raUroad
to RunMng Water Creek, and passed SheUmound near a cave re
markable only for the mtre works which had been operated by the
enemy. Four roads from the southeast required picketing as the
command advanced. The road was exceedingly rough, and, as
caution was necessary, progress was slow; but the corps camped at
WMtesides at 8 p. m. and spent an anxious mght Ustemng to the
roar of the pontoon wagons as they jolted over the rocky mountain
road en route to Love's Ferry, near SheUmound.
At 5 a. M. on Tuesday, October 28, the column advanced,
General von SteinweM's division leading. The head of the command
debouched into Lookout VaUey through the pass now caUed Hooker's

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 121
Gap, about noon, and halting, the column was massed until all the
troops had assembled. Scouts and cavahy preceded the movement,
which continued without interruption to Wauhatchie. Lookout
VaUey is about two miles in width, and is completely overlooked by
the lofty crests of Lookout and Raccoon mountains on either side.
A range of hills some 300 feet in height, broken with narrow wooded
crests, divides the valley for some three miles. From the lofty pali
sades of Lookout a Rebel signal flag waved defiance to the column
and advised Generals Bragg and Longstreet of our numbers. In
deed, these generals were on the mountain at the time and had full
knowledge of the movement from personal observation — for General
Bragg had up to that moment refused to credit the reports which
Longstreet had pressed upon his attention that the Umon forces
were about to advance by Whitesides and Wauhatchie. The columns
marcMng below him were proof positive, and he directed General
Longstreet to move against the enemy with two divisions at once.
FoUowing the Eleventh Corps, General Geary reached Wauhatchie
at 4:30 p. m., and, fatigued with the hard marcMng of the day, went
into camp, not, however, without taMng extraordinary precautions
against surprise. General Howard continued his march from Wau-
hatcMe about 2 p. m., and about one mile from that point encountered
the enemy in small force, apparently. General Longstreet had
placed a brigade on Raccoon Mountain near the river some days
previously, and his sharpshooters had driven the Union trains from
the road upon the north side of the river. Scouts and skirmishers
from this force retired before Howard's advance, but the artillery
posted on the point of Lookout vigorously sheUed the column. So
httle attention was paid to this artiUery practice that at the junction
of the Chattanooga and Brown's Ferry roads the marching column
passed General Hooker, sitting on Ms horse quietly, as if to assure
the troops that there was no sort of danger; and at 4:30 p. m. the
Army of the Cumberland and the Army of the Potomac shook hands,
rejoicing at giving and receiving timely aid.
The two divisions of the Eleventh Corps bivouacked near Brown's
Ferry, Von Steinwehr's division on the left and Schurz's division on
the right, just covering the valley from the river to Raccoon Moun
tain and facing south toward Wauhatchie.

122 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
General Geary, at Wauhatchie, was some tMee miles from
Howard at Brown's Ferry, and Longstreet was not slow to see the
opportunity for a surprise and a mght attack on both commands;
but the divisions promised by General Bragg were so late in arriving
that he supposed the plan had been dropped, until General Jenkins,
commanding Hood's division, reported at 6 p. M. that Ms command
was in position and that McLaw's division had not been ordered
forward. General Jenltins was a gaUant soldier and persisted in
attempting the enterprise with his command alone. Accordingly,
about 10 p. M., the outposts of Schurz's division, posted near the
road, wMch, crossing Lookout Mountain and Lookout Creek, runs
east to Kelly's Ford, were disturbed by the advance of the enemy,
and the Umon forces began picket firing, which alarmed both
General Howard and General Geary; but it soon subsided. The
bright moonlight of the October mght enabled General Jenkins to
place his troops with precision, and about midmght Bratton's brigade
made a sudden and determined attack on Geary's isolated command
of some 1,500 men. The contest was fierce and the valley re-echoed
with the din of arms as the intrepid Geary repeUed an attack which
at one time almost enveloped Ms command. Major C. H. Howard,
semor aide upon the staff of General O. O. Howard, was awake
and was writing in Ms tent a letter to Ms sweetheart when the noise
of battle of Wauhatchie broke the silence of the mght. Possibly the
boys and girls who comprise General C. H. Howard's famUy may
take some romantic interest in that letter; but at any rate he was
awake about n P. M. and gave the alarm when the picket firing
began. General Howard at once sent Mm to Von SteinweM with
orders to drive the enemy from Ms front, and another aide to
General Schurz directing the latter to march Ms division quickly
toward the firing, wMch was in the direction of WauhatcMe, and
wMch grew heavier every moment.
General Howard Mmseff, with a squadron of cavalry, struck out
for Geary's command at once, bearing to the right along the foot
hills of the Raccoon Range. He reached Geary just after his son,
Lieutenant Geary, had been killed, and brought Mm the cheering
news that Schurz had been ordered to march Ms division to his aid
and ought to arrive very soon, or at least reach the flank of the

Albert G. Niles
Company C

William Winch
Company K

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 123
attacking force. General Howard had galloped rapidly with his
escort and on the way feU in with some of the enemy who had strag
gled in the darkness in the woods. When asked to what commands
they belonged, these men repUed, to Alabama and other Confed
erate regiments. General Howard caUed out to them to fall in, and
took them along without explaining at the moment that he was a
Umon officer. The capture of these troops confirmed the idea that
General- Longstreet had attempted a night attack on the Twelfth
Corps, and, guided by the artiUery and infantry firing, he was soon
at Geary's side, who was hard pressed and greatly relieved to learn
that the Eleventh Corps was on the way to his aid. The tMee
brigades of General Schurz turned out with rapidity and were under
arms before midmght. Tyndale's brigade, moving toward Geary,
was fired upon from the hill south of the Chattanooga Road, and
General Hooker, who, at sound of firing, was in the saddle, directed
him to advance and drive the enemy from the MU. The firing from
Tyndale's HUl delayed the march of Hecker's brigade about forty-
five minutes, but he at last received orders to move, and joined
General Geary about 5 A. m. In the mean time Colonel Orland
Smith's brigade of the Second Division had marched upon the
Brown's Ferry road south to the sound of battle, and, passing near
the MU just north of the Chattanooga road, was fired on by the
scouts of Law's brigade, wMch was intrenching on the MUs at the
foot of wMch the Second Division was marcMng to the sound of
Geary's battle. Halting the command, Colonel Smith prepared for
offense. Major Howard at tMs moment arrived with an inquiry from
General Howard and an order to attack at once. Colonel Smith
had at hand but three regiments, the Thirty-third Massachusetts,
Seventy-third OMo, and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York,
the Fifty-Fifth Ohio having been placed on picket at once upon
arriving at Brown's Ferry. Two officers of that regiment, Lieu
tenants Boalt and Osborn, not being on duty, attached themselves
to the Seventy-third OMo, and took part in the engagement. Colonel
Smith, placing the Seventy-third Ohio and the TMrty-tMrd Massa
chusetts in line (the One Hundred and TMrty-sixth New York
being in reserve), gave orders to storm the MU with the bayonet.
The first attempt was not successful, but, making a second effort,

124 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
placing the One Hundred and TMrty-sixth New York on the left,
the brigade of but 700 men crowned the MU and dislodged Law's
brigade of some 1,500 men, capturing about forty men, together
with a quantity of intrencMng tools. The loss of Smith's brigade
was 162 kiUed and wounded, among the former being Captain Book-
waiter, of the Seventy-third OMo, and among the latter Colonel A.
B. Underwood, of the Thirty-tMrd Massachusetts. This feat of
arms received, as it deserved, heartfelt praise from General
Thomas, and an especial tribute from General Meigs, Quarter
master-General, who was on the field the next day.
The failure of Law's brigade to arrest the movement of the
Eleventh Corps alarmed General Jenkins, who withdrew Bratton's
brigade at once and retired his entire command as day broke upon
the field. Geary had lost some 216 men and the enemy probably
twice as many. TMs failure of the Confederates to drive away the
reheving force under Hooker surrendered the line to the Umon force.
MitcheU's and WMtaker's brigades of Davis's division, Fourteenth
Corps, reinforced General Hooker, and wagon-trains of provisions
at once began to move from Kelly's Ferry by the new and short
route to Chattanooga, thus insuring full supplies to the starving
army; for steamers loaded with provisions had foUowed Hooker's
expedition, and both the route via Whitesides to Brown's Ferry and
the Jasper route were made use of.
As day broke on the MUs, since dignified with the names of the
victors (Smith's HUl and Tyndale's Hill), a general strange to the
command strode down the Une, attracting attention by Ms energetic
praise of the action and Ms vigorous compUments to the troops.
It was General P. H. Sheridan, who, at the sound of cannon, had
mounted Ms horse in Chattanooga and traversed the difficult road,
crossing the river twice, to satisfy Mmself of the success of the scheme
to supply the army, and to welcome the victors. During the day
General Hooker formed a strong line and Ms command of the river
below Chattanooga was not again tMeatened. The Fifty-Fifth
Ohio was posted on Smith's HiU and for some weeks picketed the
bank of Lookout Creek while the wagon-trains moved continuously
from Kelly's Ferry to Chattanooga, passing under the fire of the
batteries on Lookout Mountain, but without casualties. The com-

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 125
mand was camped just under the brow of the hill and lost but one
man from the enemy's fire during the occupation. General Schurz,
having failed to reinforce General Geary as General Hooker had
ordered and intended, was made the subject of uncomplimentary
remark in General Hooker's report of the battle. He demanded,
as did also Colonel Hecker, a court of inquiry, and exhibited much
skUl in his defence before the court, which exonerated him. Colonel
Hecker was relieved of blame, having been able to show that the delay
of his command was by order of General Hooker Mmself.
The conduct of the two corps from the Army of the Potomac
in the engagements in Lookout VaUey received ample praise in the
foUowing telegram from Quartermaster-General Meigs to Secretary
Stanton : Chattanooga, October 29, 1863.
E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War:
Last night the Eleventh Corps entered upon this central campaign. Gen
eral Geary, some four miles up the Lookout Valley, being attacked by Long-
street, the Eleventh Corps marched to his aid, and in a night attack accom
pUshed one of the most brilliant feats of the campaign. Only after walking
over the ground to-day do I fully appreciate the exploit. The whole affair is
most creditable to those troops from the Army of the Potomac. M. C. Meigs,
Quartermaster-General.
On November 7, also, General Thomas issued a comphmentary
order, in which he said:
The column under Major-General Hooker, which took possession of the
Une from Bridgeport to the foot of Lookout Mountain, deserve great credit for
their briUiant success in driving the enemy from every position which they
attacked. The bayonet charge made by the troops of General Howard up
a steep and difficult hill, over two hundred feet high, will rank among the most
distinguished feats of arms of this war.
The tide of fortune, which up to this time had so signally favored
the Confederate cause, now began to set strongly in favor of the
Union armies. The Confederate troops, seeing the situation grad
ually changing against them, demanded to be led to new enterprises.
But General Bragg had not secured the confidence of Ms army.
The tremendous losses at Chickamauga, dissensions among the
generals, and inaction in the presence of an enterprising foe discour-

126 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
aged the rank and file of Ms army. At a council of war held Novem
ber 3, General Longstreet had proposed a movement against Hooker
in Lookout Valley, and had urged, also, the abandonment of the
Unes about Chattanooga, taking position behind the CMckamauga
and moving in force against Burnside in East Tennessee. His argu
ments were unsuccessful, and he felt that he did not possess the con
fidence of the General-in-Chief, who, cold, distant, and Uving within
himself, did not know how to make Mmself popular with either his
generals or Ms soldiers. Bragg's total force now consisted of about
64,000 men. General Burnside had posted the Army of the Ohio
upon the southeastern slope of the Cumberland Mountains, occupy
ing Knoxville. His right extended to the Tennessee at Loudon,
the cavahy holding Philadelphia, three miles south of that river.
The Confederate General, Samuel Jones, with a small division,
tMeatened his left on the Watauga River. General Bragg, appre
ciating the movement of Sherman toward Grant's right, proposed to
send Longstreet with Ms corps of 20,000 men against Burnside,
and by a quick movement crush the Army of the Ohio and return
in time to meet the reinforcements under Sherman. Misjudging the
force required, he withheld Walker's division at the last moment,
and General Longstreet moved on November 4, having a force of
about 15,000 men, to meet and defeat General Burnside, with an
available fighting army of 20,000 men. General Burnside was alert
to the situation. He retired before General Longstreet slowly, re
tarding his march and delaying without fighting more than was
necessary, and kept Longstreet so fully employed that General Bragg
was constrained on November 23 to send Mm aid, part of which was
recaUed in great haste by the threatemng events wMch culminated
in disaster. In the mean time General Sherman was pusMng Ms column
along with aU the energy of which he was capable. The situation
is well described in one of his immitable letters to Admiral Porter,
with whom he kept up a breezy correspondence. Writing from
Iuka, October 25, he says:
"It is not villainous saltpetre that makes one's Ufe so hard, but grub and
mules. Still, we will make it all right."
General Grant appreciated the fact that General Bragg had

Charles D. Robbins
Captaix, Company F

Edward Bromley
Second Lieutenant, Company G
Killed Nov. 24, 1863, in Battle
of Missionary Ridge

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 127
repaired Ms losses in great measure, and, advised of Longstreet's
departure, was anxious to strike the depleted enemy, for General
Bragg's army, on November 15, after Longstreet's departure, com
prised only about 43,000 infantry; but it had 112 pieces of artillery
and some 12,000 cavahy; and he awaited the arrival of General
Sherman with anxiety. We can understand his pleasure at learning,
on November 15, from General Sherman in person, that his head of
column was at Bridgeport, and that he would have his command
massed by the 17th.
The plan of operations which General Grant had matured during
the long wait for Sherman's command proposed to attack the Con
federate Army upon the north end of Missionary Ridge, where it
slopes down to the Tennessee River, and by bringing successively
his divisions to bear from left to right, complete the movement
by turning the left of the Confederate Une, which rested upon Look
out Mountain. He had at his command nearly 60,000 men, but
the execrable roads, made worse by a furious storm, delayed the
movement, wMch was set for November 20. The intention was to
place the Eleventh Corps upon Moccasin Point Peninsula, where it
could reinforce Hooker at Wauhatchie or Sherman at the north end
of Missionary Ridge.
The head of General Sherman's command did not reach Brown's
Ferry until the 20th, the rear of the column being still near Bridge
port, and the operation was suspended until the 2 2d. A fierce
storm on the 21st tMeatened the safety of the pontoon at Brown's
Ferry, after two divisions of the Fifteenth Corps had crossed, and
Ewmg's and Osterhaus's were unable to pass — and the 23d was
set for the day of battle. At 1 p. m. on the 22d the Eleventh Corps
crossed the pontoon at Brown's Ferry and at MghtfaU bivouacked
in Chattanooga upon the slope of the plateau crowned by Fort Wood,
having at last joined hands with its comrades of the Western Army.
The passing of Sherman's forces over the pontoon bridge at Brown's
Ferry was of course noted and reported to General Bragg; but he
does not seem to have apprehended General Grant's design, and,
evidently supposing the movement was one to reinforce Burnside,
on the 2 2d dhected General Buckner to move two brigades to
reinforce Longstreet, now pressing hard upon KnoxviUe. Other

128 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
troops were detached toward Gordon's MUls, which Ewing's divi
sion had seemed to threaten from Trenton. On the 23d, there
fore, the Eleventh Corps, massed before Fort Wood, witnessed the
deployment of the Army of the Cumberland as it left the Unes about
Chattanooga and advanced upon the enemy which had so lately
held it at bay.
The massing of the Eleventh Corps upon the sloping plateau
northeast of Chattanooga had not escaped the attention of the Con
federate generals. An eye-witness, who was in fact telegraph
operator for General Bragg during the battle, related this incident
to the writer. It was the custom for the Confederate general officers
to assemble at General Bragg's headquarters daUy soon after the
morning meal, for conference and to observe the Umon Army, whose
Unes were in full view. On this mormng General Bragg announced
that his spies had reported Grant's arrival in Chattanooga,
and that the massing of troops on the slope was evidently with the
intention of holdmg a review in Ms honor. General Breckenridge
stood apart, intently regarding the Umon Unes through his field-glass
for some time; but at length, shutting up his glass abruptly, he
strode to the group and remarked, "General Bragg, in about fifteen
minutes you are going to see the damnedest review you ever saw.
I am going to my command." The remark broke up the session,
all the officers foUowing Ms example at once, and soon the "review"
began. It would be difficult to imagine a grander theatre for a great battle
than the one upon wMch Grant's 60,000 soldiers were to manoeuvre
against the 43,000 of Bragg. From the frowmng mass of Lookout
upon the south, to the north where Missionary Ridge abuts upon
the waters of the Tennessee, the numerous elevations of the plain,
nearly two miles in width, afforded unusual opportunity for the pomp
and circumstance of war. It is interesting to note the composition
of the forces arrayed for deadly contest. On the right, General
Hooker's command was composed of one division from the Army
of the Potomac (Geary's, of the Twelfth), one from the Army of
the Cumberland (Cruft's, of the Fourth Corps), and one from the
Army of the Tennessee (Osterhaus's, of the Fifteenth Corps), num
bering in aU 9,680 men. In the centre General Thomas had two

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 129
divisions of the Fourth Corps under General Granger, and two
divisions of the Fourteenth Corps under General Palmer, with two
divisions of the Eleventh Corps under General Howard. Upon the
left General Sherman had, besides the two divisions of the Fifteenth
Corps, General Jefferson C. Davis's division of the Fourteenth
Corps and General John E. Smith's division of the Seventeenth
Corps. The movement of General Sherman's command to its assigned
position opposite the north end of Missionary Ridge being practi-
caUy assured, General Grant ordered a reconnaissance in force by
Wood's division of the Fourth Corps, supported by Sheridan,
Howard's Eleventh Corps being in reserve. From the summit of
Fort Wood, from Cameron HiU and numerous other elevations,
groups of spectators watched the imtial movements of the battle, —
Generals Grant, Thomas, Granger, Wood, Hunter, Quartermaster-
General Meigs, Assistant Secretary C. A. Dana, and other important
officials. On the other side the novelty of the spectacle caused the
Confederate officers to group themselves at points of vantage and
to become targets for the great guns which began hurhng missiles
from Fort Wood and the fort on Cameron HiU. Wood's division
of the Fourth Corps deployed and moved forward to its outposts
immediately in front of the Eleventh Corps, Hazen's brigade on
the right and WilUch's brigade on the left, with Beatty in support
of the left near Citico Creek. General Sheridan's division prolonged
the Une to the right, the Fourteenth Corps continued the formation
to Chattanooga Creek. The right division formed en echelon.
From the elevated position of the Eleventh Corps the scene
was magnificent, as at 1 p. M. the Union Une advanced, preceded
by a cloud of sMrmishers. There was sharp fighting at several
points on the Une, but in a short time Orchard Knob was taken,
and on the right, where Hazen's command met with severe resist
ance, Brushy HUl was captured. All the ground taken was covered
with breastworks. Bridge's battery of the Fourth Corps, Lieutenant
Merkle's regular battery, and Dilger's Ohio battery of the Eleventh
Corps were sent forward to points on the advanced line, and their
volleying discharges during the rest of the afternoon assured us of
the complete possession of the Une. At 3 p. m. General Howard

13° TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
deployed the Eleventh Corps upon the left of Granger's corps,
General Schurz upon the right, General von SteinweM upon the left.
Tyndale's brigade of the TMrd Division connected with Sam Beatty's
brigade of the Fourth Corps, the left of the corps resting upon
Citico Creek, a smaU stream runmng northwest from Missionary
Ridge to the Tennessee River. Preceded by a strong skirmish Une,
the corps was rapidly moved forward, driving the enemy over the
East Tennessee Railroad, where the Une rested, the skirmish line
of Smith's brigade occupying an elevation upon which was a brick
house that had been used as a defence by the enemy. Colonel
Orland Smith, commanding the brigade, reconnoitred the position,
and during the evemng adjusted the line to the situation. In this
advance the TMrty-tMrd New Jersey was for the first time engaged,
losing three killed and twenty wounded.
During this afternoon's engagement the Eleventh Corps was
more directly under the eye of General Grant than at any other
time. Reports from the front were taken to Mm while he made Ms
headquarters in Fort Wood, and he sent orders directly to General
Howard approving of his dispositions. One of these orders, written
in pencil by General Grant in Ms own order book, with date and
hour, and handed by him to a staff officer to take to General Howard,
was, afterwards, when the battle was over and the fruits of victory
fuUy reaUzed tMoughout the country, sent to the Samtary Fair at
Cincinnati, and sold at auction to raise funds for the hospitals. It
brought, as was reported, the sum of $1,100. About 5 p. m. General
Grant, with General Thomas and a smaU retinue of staff officers,
visited the Une of battle of the corps. The skirmisMng was still
sharp and bullets flew across the field as they reached the Une.
There was some good-natured chaffing about the propriety of
ducking when it was certain to be too late, but it was agreed that it
was proper to dodge the big ones.
The mormng of the 24th found the Unes weU protected by earth
works and rifle pits, but the Fifty-Fifth OMo lost a valuable officer-
Lieutenant Bromley — by the fire of a sharpshooter on the Une of
the East Tennessee Raihoad. The Seventy-third OMo was at 9 a. m.
sent across Citico Creek near its mouth, and, deploying a strong
line, swept the front of the left flank clear of the enemy as far as

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 131
the East Tennessee Raihoad. This regiment was retained in this
position to cover a later movement. All that day the line rested,
but the day was not one of rest for the soldiers of Hooker's com
mand in Lookout VaUey. Although complete strangers to each other,
the divisions under Cruft, Geary, and Osterhaus were not unknown,
for each command had a Mstory which commanded respect and
confidence. At 8 A. m. the Twelfth Corps, under Geary, moved up
Lookout Creek beyond the Unes of Stevenson's division, which occu
pied the western front of the mountain, and, ascending the steep
slope tiU its right rested upon the palisade near the top, turned to
the north and began the movement wMch ended late at mght with
the complete overtMow of the enemy. From the picket Une of the
Eleventh Corps the smoke of battle was visible and the distant roar
of heavy guns was heard as the batteries on Moccasin Point battered
the sides of the mountain wherever the retreating enemy appeared.
As the victorious flags passed the Craven House at dusk, and the
flashes of the guns were visible in the darkness late at night, great
exultation fiUed our hearts. Lookout Mountain had fallen and
General Hooker's command was now the right wing of Grant's army.
During the 24th, wMle the Army of the Cumberland tMeatened
the Confederate force upon Missionary Ridge, and wMle Bragg
was forced to witness the turning of Ms left flank without the power
to hinder or stay the disaster, General Sherman had completed the
massing of Ms army and its artUlery opposite the mouth of the South
CMckamauga. General Giles A. Smith's brigade had reached the
banks of the North CMckamauga prepared to embark in the pontoon
boats wMch would compose the bridge. Frequent and violent rain
storms had caused the river to rise so rapidly as to carry away the
Brown's Ferry Bridge, by wMch accident Osterhaus had found him
self under the orders of General Hooker. This mormng, therefore,
found General Sherman's command actively engaged at a very early
hour m crossing the Tennessee opposite General Bragg's right flank.
Giles A. Smith's brigade made use of the pontoon boats, floating
down from North Chickamauga to the mouth of South Chicka
mauga Creek, and at 2 130 A. m. effected a landing on the left bank,
surprising and capturing the Rebel picket. By dayUght a force of
8,000 men had entrenched themselves and fortified the bridge head.

132 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
The steamer Dunbar came up from Chattanooga and was of great
service in crossing the horses of the officers and of the artiUery.
The bridge was completed by 1 p. m., and Sherman's whole force
at once crossed and took position for offence. On the 2 2d General
Howard had prepared for connecting with Sherman's command by
placing Wheeler's Thhteenth New York Battery on a prominent
knoU upon the north bank of the river, where Ms guns commanded
a good portion of the interval between Fort Wood and the raihoad
tunnel through the ridge. Being caUed to open communication with
Sherman's right, about 9 a. m., with tMee regiments of Buschbeck's
brigade and a smaU escort of cavalry, he marched on a road near
the river at very considerable personal risk from the enemy's sharp
shooters, and arrived at the pontoon just as the last boat was placed
in position. General Sherman Mmself was on this boat and re
sponded heartily to the welcome given him by the one-armed general,
who was henceforth to be for the rest of the war Ms faithful and
trusted Ueutenant. General Howard had taken the precaution to
deploy Krzyzanowski's brigade on the northeast of Citico Creek,
under the range of Wheeler's guns, and thus insured open commu-
mcation along the river with Buschbeck, whom he left to skirmish
on Sherman's right, and returned to Ms corps headquarters. Early
in the mormng of the 25th, in accordance with instructions from
General Thomas, he prepared to co-operate with General Sherman.
General von Steinwehr was directed to advance Ms left to the rail
road, wMch he did with little opposition, his extreme flank resting near
the crossing of the East Tennessee and Western and Atlantic roads.
At 9:45 a. m. the corps was rejoicing over the display of the Union
flag, wMch could be seen floating in triumph upon the summit of
Lookout Mountain, when orders were received to move to the left
and join Sherman's command. At 10:45 A. m. the corps arrived
at the pontoon bridge, where it was massed, awaiting Sherman's
order. General Sherman, upon developing the position of the
enemy, soon discovered that there had been a serious misapprehen
sion as to the character of the ground; for Missionary Ridge, wMch
from Chattanooga had seemed to be continuous, was in reaUty
broken by transverse ridges having deep ravines between them.
General Hardee, who commanded the Confederate right wing, knew

Albert E. Peck
Captain, Company H
Killed May 15, 1864, ix Battle of
Resaca, Ga.

William S. Wickham
Captain, Company' D

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 133
weU how to take advantage of these conditions and had taken posi
tion upon the most commanding of these ridges near the tunnel,
and, having strongly fortified it, awaited attack. Cleburne's division,
wMch its chief had inspired with his own fiery spirit, occupied the
post of danger and held its ground in spite of the most daring assaults,
in wMch Buschbeck's brigade, now serving with Ewing's division,
took part, the Twenty-seventh and Seventy-thhd Pennsylvama
earmng special mention for good conduct. General Howard was
soon directed by General Sherman in person to take position on
the extreme left of the Une, reUeving troops that were needed for
attack on the ridge. As his corps moved to its position the fighting
seemed furious to the marcMng troops, but General Sherman in
his report calls it a "pretty smart" engagement. The corps formed
with its left on CMckamauga Creek, near Boyce's Station, and
remained in that position all night. Late at mght the news reached
us that Hooker had crossed from Lookout Mountain via Rossville
to the left rear of the enemy and that the Army of the Cumberland,
in one of the most heroic charges of any war, had broken the enemy's
centre, and driven it in confusion from its chosen position.
At dayUght on the 26th the corps moved in pursmt of the enemy.
General Davis had moved at midmght, crossing the CMckamauga
on the pontoon near its mouth, and, after vaiMy trying to reconstruct
the bridge at Boyce's, General Howard followed, and soon came
upon evidences of the hurried retreat of the Confederate Army.
CMckamauga Station had been the main subsistence depot for the
enemy. Stores of provisions, ammunition and forage, a bridge
train and some guns of large bore, recently arrived, were here, and
General Hardee had made some preparations for defence, sufficient
to aUow Ms command to replemsh their haversacks at least. The
defence was soon overcome by General Davis, and the Eleventh
Corps found only smoking ruins and a road strewn with abandoned
miUtary stores as far as GraysviUe, where it camped for the night.
The Fifty-Fifth OMo, while guarding the flank of the corps as it
passed the Tyner Station road, captured one Confederate officer
and five men bearing dispatches.
General Eli Long, with a cavahy brigade about 1,500 strong, had
marched toward Cleveland on the 24th with orders from General

134 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
Thomas to destroy the enemy's commumcations in that direction.
The same Mght he destroyed a depot at Ooltewah, and on the
following day drove the cavahy of the enemy from Cleveland and
sent detachments to destroy the raihoad between Cleveland and
Dalton, wMch was successfully accompUshed, and the large copper
rolhng-miU at Cleveland was also destroyed. Early on the 27th,
bemg attacked by the Rebel General KeUy with a superior force
having artiUery, he retired on Chattanooga, where he was directed
to report to General Sherman.
On Friday mormng, November 27, the corps marched from
GraysviUe to Parker's Gap, near the Cleveland and Dalton Rail
road, and about noon Colonel Orland Smith was sent with Ms brigade
and Hecker's brigade of the Thhd Division to break the raihoad
at Red Clay. No mcident worthy of note occurred on the
march except the capture of Lieutenant Mason and two men
of the enemy's cavahy endeavoring to communicate with General
Bragg. The raUroad was reached about dark and thoroughly
destroyed for two miles, the rails being heated in fires made
by using cross-ties and afterward being bent and twisted. TMs
detachment returned without delay to the Gap, reacMng camp
at midmght. Saturday was spent in resting, but on Sunday,
November 29, the command set out for the relief of KnoxviUe.
General Grant had in mind the necessity for sending speedy
reUef to General Burnside, and had ordered General Granger, with
the Fourth Corps, to undertake the expedition; but, impatient at
the evident reluctance of General Granger to move at once, and
finding it difficult to provision Ms army about Chattanooga, he gave
the direction of the short campaign for the reUef of Burnside to
General Sherman, directing Mm to feed his command from the
country bordering on the Hiawassee River, wMch was rich in cattle
and grain. General Granger was directed to march by the river
road and was to be followed by a steamer loaded with provisions
for ten days, wMch could supply them en roule. The troops of
Sherman's new command were iU equipped for such service. Both
the Eleventh and Fifteenth corps had stored their knapsacks before
entering upon the battle at Missionary Ridge, and were in strictly
Ught marcMng order; even blankets had been discarded by most

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 13 5
of the men; but Burnside's army was reported to be in distress, and
no word of complaint was heard as the long column filed north,
marching in the cold and rain to the reUef of comrades in dire need.
General Longstreet had been deprived of telegrapMc communi
cation with General Bragg since November 24. When the wires
suddenly became silent tMs energetic Confederate, feeUng Mmself
isolated and menaced, at once determined to attempt the assault
of the works about KnoxvUle. His lieutenants protested and raised
objections, but faded to shake Ms resolution, Ms answer being that
there was honor and safety only in a brave attempt. Accordingly,
at daybreak on the 29th, a determined assault was made by tMee
Confederate brigades, well supported by sufficient reserves, upon
Fort Sanders, an earthwork on the south of the city near the Ten
nessee River, garrisoned by 220 men of the Seventy-seventh New
York and Seventeenth MicMgan and two batteries of artiUery. The
attack faUed, the column meeting with serious loss. Upwards of
570 men were kiUed and wounded and 216 taken prisoners, the
Umon forces sustaimng a loss of oMy thirteen men disabled. WitMn
half an hour after tMs repulse General Longstreet was advised that
General Bragg "had retired before superior numbers," and later
in the day that "he had retired to Dalton, and General Longstreet
must depend upon Ms own resources." There was need, therefore,
for prompt movement, although some days elapsed before General
Sherman was advised of the situation.
On Monday, November 30, the Eleventh Corps, havmg camped
at Cleveland the previous mght, marched for Charleston, where the
raUroad crosses the Hiawassee River. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio in
advance threw out a skirmish Une and meeting the enemy's pickets
drove them at the double-quick, General Howard being with the
advance. The picket fires were burmng, but the raihoad bridge
and a rude pontoon had been damaged. Crossing in boats, the
advance secured five cars of provisions and forage. By midmght
the bridge had been repaired and aU the command crossed over.
Continumgin the advance, Howard marched, December 1, to Athens
and, passing tMough PMladelpMa on December 2, camped near
Loudon, where the Tennessee is spanned by a raUroad bridge. TMs
had been broken by the enemy, who had assembled a train of three

136 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
locomotives and forty-eight cars and plunged them into the river
through the broken spans.
General Sherman, with three divisions of the Fifteenth Corps,
reached PMladelphia on the 2d of December, "and was also joined
at that point by General Granger, who had hastened his march
and crossed the Hiawassee at Kincannon's Ferry, ten miles west of
Charleston. General Sherman had then eight divisions to bring
against Longstreet. He had directed Colonel Long with the cavalry
to move on Ms right. On the mght of the 2d, desiring to reach
General Burnside with news of his advance, he directed Colonel
Long to move upon Knoxville with a picked force from his command.
Colonel Audenreid of General Sherman's staff rode with this force,
wMch reached Knoxville in safety on the morning of December 4,
assuring the army of the Ohio of the near approach of the relieving
army. Thursday, December 3, the Eleventh Corps marched through
Loudon and camped on the bank of the Little Tennessee, where it
remained till December 5 at 1 a. m., when it crossed the stream on
an ingenious bridge composed of wagons that had been abandoned
by Vaughn's Confederate brigade, which had been resisting our
advance. The corps marched via Unitia and reached Louisville
by dark, having marched more than twenty miles. The Fifteenth
Corps marched via Morganton, where General Wilson displayed
unusual ability as an engineer by constructing a bridge out of most
indifferent materials, and with few or no tools. General Davis had
crossed Ms division over the bridge at Davis's Ford, and Granger at
Morganton; so that on the evening of December 5 General Sherman
had his entire army in position for hostile advance on the Confederate
force about Knoxville. Happily, a messenger from General Burn
side reached Mm at night with the news of Longstreet's departure.
On Sunday, the 6th, General Sherman, with his corps commanders,
rode to Knoxville, and the troops enjoyed a much needed rest.
General Burnside's command was not found starving. On the con
trary, they had been able to secure abundant supplies by means of
the river, and could have held out a long time.
The reUef of Knoxville having been accompUshed, orders for the
return march to Chattanooga were given. General Granger and
the Fourth Corps remained with General Burnside, who was soon

1863] THE ELEVENTH CORPS IN EAST TENNESSEE 137
relieved by General Foster. The Union force in Knoxville carried
on a winter campaign with only moderate activity against Longstreet,
who passed the winter in the rich valleys of the Holston and its
tributaries. The Eleventh Corps upon its return march crossed the
foot-bridge of wagons at Davis's Ford Saturday, December 5, and
halted at Athens. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth corps stretched
out to the east near Tellico Plains, threatening General Bragg's
right flank. Colonel Hecker's brigade marched to Charleston and
repaired the bridge over the Hiawassee, which the Rebel cavalry had
broken after our march to the north. Monday, December 7, the
command again moved to the south by easy marches, halting at
Cleveland, where coffee and hard bread once more cheered our tired
souls. Upon the afternoon of Wednesday, December 16, the corps
passed through McDamel's Gap in the White Oak Range. As the
head of the Second Division emerged from the Gap it was halted
by some unknown obstacle, and the column, gradually pressing
forward, in the course of an hour packed the defile as closely as men
could stand. A heavy rain poured down unceasingly. As the
minutes increased to hours the men passed through all stages of
feeling. They sang army songs, they shouted and swore, and still
the head of the column halted; and it was past midnight when the
last water-soaked, tired soldier waded in the darkness to his bivouac
on a rail, if so fortunate as to secure one. It was reported in the
morning that General Schurz had passed the defile early and had
appropriated the best location he could find for Ms division camp,
and that it consumed some hours to reach General Howard, who
directed General Schurz to march his command to its appointed
camp. This was at last effected, and discipline restored.
Early in the morning of December 17, the writer was detailed
to report at corps headquarters for special service. Upon reporting,
he was assigned to the duty of marching the barefooted men of the
corps to the camp in Lookout Valley, as the corps wished to move
more quickly and to arrange for permanent quarters. More than a
thousand men reported, aU without shoes, or unable for other reasons
to keep up with the command. Moving at a rate of about two miles
an hour this column followed the railroad track to the battle-field
of the 24th, passing through the tunnel, and, as night drew on,

I38 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1863
crossing the foot of Lookout Mountain. The weary, straggUng
column reached its camp in Lookout VaUey late at night and sought
rest and sleep, thankful to have seen the end of this campaign of
battles, marches, exposure, and toil almost without a parallel.
To say nothing of the campaign in Lookout Valley, the corps
had, to quote General Howard's report, "endured the extreme
fatigue of three days' battle and of two days' pursuit, and had then
turned north, marched one hundred and twenty miles to the reUef
of KnoxviUe, and then returned immediately to its old camp." The
wretched roads, inclement weather, lack of supplies, of transporta
tion, and of bridge trains, with few blankets or tents — aU afforded
proof of the abiUty, courage, and endurance of all the troops that
under Sherman marched to the reUef of KnoxviUe.
One more incident, and I have done. After food and clothing
had restored the health and spirits of the volunteers, the regiments
whose terms of service would expire in the coming year were given
an opportunity to re-enlist. With unexampled patriotism more than
tiiree-quarters of them accepted the offer, and theh orgamzations
were continued under the proud title of Veteran Volunteers. General
Howard, on December 17, issued a general order to the corps, ex
tending Ms warmest congratulations and hearty thanks for their
services. He recited letters from General Sherman and General
Burnside expressing their gratitude and praise for services wMch
had been so valuable and so glorious.
The Fourteenth Corps returned to its quarters in Chattanooga.
The Fifteenth Corps passed the winter guarding the railroads from
NashvUle to Decatur and to Stevenson. The Eleventh Corps in
Lookout Valley during the winter prepared for the campaign of
1865. It had in store trials and triumphs greater than any it had
yet endured or enjoyed, but its career as a corps was now ended.
It was merged with the Twelfth and formed a new corps known as
the Twentieth, being commanded during the Atlanta campaign by
General Hooker; and under General Slocum it formed, with the
Fourteenth Corps, the left wing of Sherman's army on the March
to the Sea.

William T. Sherman
General, U. S. A.

CHAPTER IX
CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA
THE Umon armies which, under General Grant at Chattanooga
and KnoxviUe, had checked the victorious Confederates, passed
the winter of 1863-64 grouped about those centres, but so disposed
as to protect the lines of supply leading from the OMo River. The
Fifteenth Corps, under General Logan, and two divisions of the
Sixteenth Corps, under General Dodge, were at HuntsvUle, Alabama.
Two divisions of the Seventeenth Corps were during the early spring
concentrated at Cairo and reached the army later in the season.
The winter being one of unusual severity, new enterprises were
not undertaken. The Army of the Cumberland was reorganized,
and many regiments which had re-enlisted were given furloughs.
There was, too, a great scarcity of animals, due to losses and hard-
sMps during the Chickamauga and Knoxville campaigns.
Having in mind the operations proposed for the coming summer,
General Sherman organized at Vicksburg and MempMs a raid on
the interior Unes of the Confederacy, and during February, in the
Meridian expedition, destroyed many miles of raihoad and much
valuable property of the enemy in the State of Mississippi. During
the months of March and April, reorganization and the accumulation
of supplies were vigorously pushed. The Eleventh and Twelfth
corps of the Army of the Potomac were, by special field order No.
105, on April 14, consolidated into one army corps, named the
Twentieth, and placed under the command of Major-General Joseph
Hooker. The corps was composed of tMee divisions commanded,
respectively, by Generals WiUiams, Geary, and Butterfield.
The Union Army, which was now, under General Sherman, about
to undertake one of the greatest campaigns in history, was composed
of three armies, namely, the Army of the Cumberland, the Army
of the Tennessee, and the Army of the Ohio. By far the largest
force was assigned to Major-General George H. Thomas, who,
with the Army of the Cumberland, consisting of the Fourth, Four-
139

140 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
teenth, and Twentieth corps, was expected to bear the great burden
of offensive work. In addition to the army corps named, General
Thomas had three divisions of cavahy, his total force numbering
60,773 men. The Army of the Tennessee, under General J. B.
McPherson, was composed of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth army
corps, and, after June 8, two divisions of the Seventeenth Corps,
under Major-General Blair, joined the army at Allatoona. General
McPherson's command numbered 24,465 men, and the Army of
the OMo, under General J. M. Schofield, numbered 13,559 men>
consisting of the Twenty-third Corps and one division of cavalry.
This arrangement permitted the use of the two smaller armies as
flanking forces, while the mass of General Thomas's army was the
weapon of offence. General Sherman's total force numbered 98,787
men and 254 pieces of artiUery.
As this narrative is concerned principally with the fortunes of
the TMrd Division of the Twentieth Army Corps, and especially with
the TMrd Brigade of that division, more specific details are recorded
of these commands. The Third Brigade was, during the entire
campaign, commanded by Colonel James Wood, Jr., of the One
Hundred and TMrty-sixth New York Volunteer Infantry, and con
sisted of the foUowing regiments, viz., Thirty- third Massachusetts
Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel Godfrey Rider, Jr. ; One Hundred and
Thirty-sixth New York Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel L. B. Faulkner;
Fifty-Fifth Ohio Infantry, Colonel Charles B. Gambee; Seventy-third
Ohio Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel S. H. Hurst; Twenty-sixth Wis
consin Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel F. C. Winckler. During June,
1864, the Twentieth Connecticut, Lieutenant- Colonel Buckingham,
was added. A large majority of the men in these regiments had re-
enhsted during the preceding winter, and the brigade, aggregating
some 2,500 men, was composed of officers and men who had been
seasoned by much service and were in a highly efficient condition.
To glance a moment at the theatre of the proposed operations.
Northwestern Georgia presents to an army of invasion conditions
of peculiar hardship. The southern extension of the great mountain
ranges of the Blue Ridge, running from northeast to southwest, is
here strongly marked by parallel ridges which at times attain the
proportions of mountains, and are so called. Between the Ten-

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 141
nessee River and Dalton, Raccoon Mountain, Lookout Mountain,
Missionary Ridge, Taylor's Ridge, and lastly, Rocky Face Ridge,
intervene in paraUel Unes, protecting Dalton, where General Joseph
E. Johnston had assembled his army for the defence of Georgia and
the interior lines of the Confederacy. The rugged tops of these
mountain ranges are, when not wooded, broken by palisades of
rocks, and, having few openings, are readily defended. The country
is well watered. Rising east of Dalton, the Coosawattee and Con-
nesauga rivers unite near Resaca to form the Oostenaula, which,
some fifty miles south, near Rome, unites with the Etowah and,
under the name of Coosa, flows south to the Alabama and so to the
Gulf. General Johnston had made fuU use of his opportunities. He
had in hand at Dalton, on May 1, according to the Confederate
returns for April, some 52,992 men and 250 pieces of artillery.
TMs was reinforced at Resaca about May ioth by Polk's corps,
numbering nearly 19,000 men, so that Johnston's army numbered
quite 71,000 men and 250 pieces of artillery. The relative pro
portion between General Sherman's advancing army and General
Johnston's army of defence was as ten to seven during this entire
campaign. The position at Dalton was strongly fortified upon the
east and north, and upon the west enjoyed the sheltering elevation
of Rocky Face Ridge, which had few openings, and those easy to
be defended. On May 2, 1864, General Sherman moved his entire army upon
the position of the enemy at Dalton. Butterfield's division of the
Twentieth Corps left its winter camp in Lookout Valley at daylight
on Monday, May 2, marching over the nose of Lookout Mountain
via Rossville and the Chickamauga battle-field to Lee and Gordon's
MUls on West Chickamauga River, some fifteen miles. The advance
rested May 3, and on the 4th pushed on some eleven miles to Pleasant
Grove Church, on East Chickamauga Creek, and on the 7th, having
marched via Gordon's Gap in Taylor's Ridge, reached Wood's
Store, about two miles southeast of Buzzard Roost Gap in Rocky
Face Ridge. This gap is a defile commanded by Chattooga Mountain
on the east, and is a narrow pass through which run the Western &
Atlantic Railroad, a wagon-road, and also Mill Creek, a mountain

142 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
stream wMch had been considerately dammed by the enemy for our
benefit. TMs defile was occupied by the enemy in force. On May
7 the Fourth and Fourteenth Corps had, by the converging of their
Unes of advance, been brought to Tunnel HiU, a spur of Rocky Face,
tMough wMch the raihoad passes, wMch was occupied by the enemy
as an advanced outpost. Almost without halting, tMs force was
brushed away and the elevation occupied, from wMch a full view
of the Gap and the frowmng chffs beyond could be had.
On the mormng of May 8 General Butterfield's division held the
left of the corps Une, and being directed to reconnoitre the Gap,
assigned that duty to Colonel Wood's brigade. Major Higgins,
of the Seventy-third OMo, was officer of the day. The Fifty-Fifth
OMo was designated as the advance regiment. Company B, under
Captain HartweU Osborn, were deployed as skirmishers, and, ad
vancing toward the Gap, he was accosted by General Butterfield,
who rode up from a cross-road and called out, " Captain, keep your
eye skinned." Major Higgins pointed out a conical MU in the
mouth of the Gap as the position to be secured, and the enemy began
to Me at the skirmish line as it came within range. The MU was
beyond the flooded stream, and as Company B numbered for duty
but thirty men, Company D of the Fifty-Fifth OMo, under Captain
F. H. Boalt, was added to the command. Crossing the stream on
a foot-log, one by one, the command of about sixty men found itself
at once in a dense thicket of vines and shrubs wMch grew luxuriantly
and were in bloom. From this point the wooded MU ascended
sharply some 400 feet. Never was the value of training by actual
service better iUustrated than when this Uttle force was ordered to
advance and take the MU. Moving upward quietly but steadily
the command kept its line, but each man had his eyes open for the
first sight or sign of the enemy. At last Corporal Charles Hurlbut,
Company D, shouted, "I see a son of a  ," and instantly Captain
Boalt's ringing order " Charge !" was responded to by a cheer and a
desperate effort to double-quick uphill to reach the position of the
enemy. The Confederates did not defend the MU long. Firing one
voUey, they fled to the shelter of their artiUery, wMch now began
firing shells, bursting them fairly in our midst. Felix A. N. Beck,
of Company B, and Adolph Sibold, of Company D, were killed at

Charles H. Horton
Sergeant, Company D

Benjamin F. Perkey Lewis Perkey
Company H Corporal Company H
Killed May 15, 1864, in
Battle of Resaca, Ga.

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA H3
once and five men were wounded, but the Union artiUery soon found
the range and silenced the Rebel battery. The summit was held,
and after dark reinforcements were sent up and the assaulting force
reUeved. Bearing its dead it returned to the command in the valley.
This assault was in fuU view of both the division and the corps
officers, and received special commendatory notice in the reports of
the campaign. Bridges being laid over MiU Creek, the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio again occupied the MU on the 9th, lying all day under a severe
fire of artillery. At mghtfall, having been reUeved by a division
from the Fourteenth Corps, the division rethed to Wood's Store.
WMle the demonstration of the Third Division upon Buzzard
Roost was progressing, the Second Division, under General Geary,
covered itself with glory, assaulting the Rebel lines at Dug Gap,
some five mUes south.
The First Division of the Twentieth Corps, during the 9th and
ioth, had been massed at Trickum, about half-way between Buzzard
Roost and Dug Gap, to cover the movement of the Fifteenth Corps,
which, leaving Chattanooga on May 4, had marched via Ship's Gap,
in Taylor's Ridge, through Snake Creek Gap and Sugar Valley and
was menacing Resaca directly in the rear of the Confederate force at
Dalton. General McPherson found the enemy in force, he thought,
and retired to the mouth of the Gap, where he made some fortifi
cations. General McPherson has been criticised for not seizing
and holding Resaca, which General Sherman, in his report of the
campaign, says he intended should be done. It is possible that
General McPherson did not appreciate the fact that the Twentieth
Corps was near at hand and could support Mm if necessary. The
discussion of this subject has brought out the fact that General
Thomas had suggested to General Sherman tMs movement, offering
to move the Army of the Cumberland tMough Snake Creek Gap,
the commands of Generals McPherson and Schofield to be em
ployed against the enemy at Dalton. This, General Sherman
thought, was too fuU of risk, but he afterwards during the campaign
took much greater chances. The admirers of General Thomas
beUeve that, if his suggestion had been adopted, the campaign would
have resulted in the destruction of General Johnston's army. Snake
Creek Gap is a narrow defile runmng east of south, having on the

144 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
east Mill Mountain, and on the west Horn Mountain. At Sugar
VaUey on the south an opening affords a way to Resaca, but the
road was a difficult one ; and, accordingly, having rested on the ioth,
Butterfield's division marched at 4 a. m. of the nth, and having
made fourteen miles by noon, had reached the middle of the Gap.
The division was occupied all the rest of the day, with the other
divisions of the corps, in clearing the road and preparing it for the
easy movement of troops and trains wMch were to foUow. At 10
a. m. of the 1 2th the corps marched east via Sugar Valley some four
miles, and camped at night in rear of the Fifteenth Corps, wMch
had moved forward and now faced Resaca. Upon tMs date the
enemy reconnoitred Tunnel HiU, displaying considerable force,
evidently with the view of developing the strength of General Sher
man's left wing, but did not attack. On the night of May 12 General
Johnston, having discovered the movement against Resaca, aban
doned his extensive works at Dalton and retired to meet the danger
which threatened his communications, thus giving up the first of
the many fortified lines occupied and defended by the Confederate
Army during this campaign.
General Johnston's retreating army was sharply pursued by
General Howard, who, with the Fourth Corps and the cavahy,
pressed hard upon his heels through Dalton, marcMng south upon
the road runmng east of Rocky Face Ridge, generally foUowing the
raihoad. The Fourteenth and Twenty- tMrd corps marched via
Snake Creek Gap and took position upon the line facing Resaca.
During the 14th of May very sharp skirmishing and some severe
fighting ensued as the opposing lines took position and battled for
advantageous points. At daylight of May 15 General Sherman's
army confronted the whole of the Confederate Army, wMch was
posted having its left on the Oostenaula at Resaca. The Army
of the Tennessee on Sherman's right covered with its artUlery the
railroad bridge over that river, and the Twentieth Corps, having
been reUeved by the Fourteenth Corps, was marched to the extreme
left of the Une. The Fourth and Fourteenth corps covered the
centre. General Hooker was now directed to place his corps across
the Dalton and Resaca road and, turning the enemy's right flank,
march south upon Resaca. General Butterfield's division was the

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 145
column of attack. This column was prepared by placing General
Ward's Fhst Brigade in advance, having the Second and Third
brigades as supports on the right and left, respectively. The rolling
wooded ground was interspersed with few clearings, and the depres
sions between the hills had grown up to dense thickets of small pines,
making reconnoitring very difficult, so much so that Colonel Wood's
brigade was finally directed to advance on General Ward's left, and
attack the enemy independently, preserving the connection on the
right. Colonel Wood had much trouble in forming his line, for he
had no opportunity to inspect the ground.
Lieutenant PUny Watson, of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, was serving as
an aide on Colonel Wood's staff, and about 12:30 p. m. brought the
orders to the commanding officers of the regiments of the brigade.
The Fifty-Fifth Ohio was moving in column of fours at the head
of the brigade and had halted for orders, when he came galloping
up to Colonel Gambee to advise him that "the position would be
forced at once." Colonel Gambee was a veteran of many battles.
He had won Ms eagles by hard service, and had proved Mmself a
very brave man, but when he received this order he turned pale,
trembled in Ms saddle, and did not recover Ms composure for some
moments. He was soon called upon to form line, and showed no
further signs of emotion; but the writer was greatly moved by the
incident, which afterwards seemed prophetic*
It must have taken quite half an hour to form the hne, and about
1 p. m. the brigade advanced. No sooner had the skirmish line
crowned the wooded knoll in front than sharp skirmishing began,
and when, a moment later, the Une of battle reached the summit,
the roar of full volleys of musketry and cannon from the strongly
fortified Unes of the enemy showed that they were prepared to resist
to the utmost. The Confederate Une of battle crossed the Dalton
road at right angles, resting upon the summit of some round-topped
wooded MUs, which offered fine positions for defence.
Their Mst volley nearly decimated the command, but did not
check the advance. I heard a voice call out, " Captain Peck, your
brother is killed." "Yes," said the Captain, "there'll be more of
us soon," and as he spoke he feU. In that moment Major Robbins
*ln connection with Colonel Garabee's death, the reader is referred to an interesting
note by Sergeant Moses Pugh, given on page 25c

146 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
feU, and the place seemed ahnost untenable; but a sUght swell in the
open ground in front promised shelter and the command fled forward.
By lying down some shelter was obtained, and the men rested for a
moment. The Captain of Company B was fortunate in finding on
the right a clump of cedars where the enemy had made some defences
for an advanced post. By reversing these the company secured a
fairly good position for offence, wMch it held during the engagement.
Upon the right of the brigade the supports from the Fhst Division
came up to find the ground filled with a mixed group consisting of
men from the First Brigade who had been crowded out of Une, owing
to an error in formation. From tMs point the writer saw Colonel
Harrison (afterwards President Harrison) lead Ms command, a
brigade, in four successive charges against a battery of the enemy
consisting of four brass guns, wMch, having been planted in advance
of the Confederate Une, were doing us much injury. TMs battery
was sUenced and was secured at mght by diggmg tMough the works.
The action for some time was very severe. BuUets fUled the ah,
and the noise of musketry deepened to a continuous roar. Amid
the smoke wMch fiUed the vaUey came the crash of bursting sheUs
and the shock of faUing trees and branches. In spite of the smoke,
the noise, and the confusion, the soldiers kept theh nerve. Sergeant
Henry W. Crosby, of Company D, distingMshed himseU by con
spicuous bravery, and was carried to the rear mortaUy wounded.
His last hours were soothed by Ms famUy physician, Dr. A. N. Read,
who, as a member of the Samtary ..Commission, was on the field
carrying out the mission of that noble charity. Upon going down
the Une Colonel Gambee was found dead; only a smaU hole over
Ms heart showed Ms wound to have been instantly fatal.
The foUowmg personal note on the death of Colonel Gambee
by Lieutenant P. C. LatMop, Company A, is mteresting:
WeU do I remember the events of the day of the battle of Resaca — the death
of Major Robbins, as we charged down the hiU, and of our beloved Colonel
Gambee later in the day. In our charge down the hill we reached a. sUght
depression or ravine separating the higher from a much lower hiU along the
brow of which the Fifty-Fifth boys, all along the Une, were lying flat upon their
faces, but firing at every head that appeared above the enemy's breastworks,
only about thirty rods away, the Johnnies returning the fire at a Uvely rate.
Of course, many of our boys were hit — some wounded, and many kiUed.

Clay Holtz, Company H

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 147
I was in command of Company A (Colonel Gambee's company), and lying
upon the ground some ten or fifteen feet lower down the hiU, but immediately
behind my company. Just behind me, and to my right, sat Colonel Gambee,
behind a pile of rails. Having several times been soUcited to do so, I arose
and went and sat down beside the Colonel. It was only a few minutes after
wards that the Johnnies made a charge upon our Une. We immediately jumped
to our feet, and as the Colonel opened his Ups to isssue a command, a bullet struck
him in the breast, and he fell backward into my arms, dead— kiUed instantly.
A glorious death, as I view it now, but his sudden and unexpected fate seemed
at the moment to madden me. I laid him down carefully, and, taking his
revolver from his belt, I ran forward to rejoin my company. Halting, I tried to
shoot the Rebel Colonel, who came within a. few feet before he was shot. But
I could not make the revolver work. I threw it down in disgust, but after
wards picked it up, and I think it was sent home with the Colonel's other per
sonal effects. I do not now recall that I saw the Colonel's body after I laid it
down when he was kiUed.
Captain Boalt, of Company D, was found amusing Mmself by
catching an occasional bullet that struck the two or tMee raUs he had
coUected before Mm, wMch proved just able to check the missUes, as
they dropped to the ground, hot but harmless. The contest raged along
the entire Une for at least tMee hours, neither side gaimng advantage ;
but at last the writer heard Captain H. E. Tremain, a volunteer aide
on General Butterfield's staff, caUing out to Colonel Wood, "Sir,
you must not expose yourself in tMs way." "But," said Colonel
Wood, in Ms Mgh-pitched voice, "I want to see what they are doing;
they are getting out of theh works." It proved to be true. The
Fifty-fourth Virginia Regiment of infantry formed under that terrific
Me and charged our Une. It was, of course, captured to a man and
was hurried to the rear, where the captives saw to theh disgust the
Second Division of the Twentieth Corps massed in support of the
fighting line and the Twenty-tMrd Corps moving up on the left flank.
The brigade was reUeved after dark and passed the mght massed
upon the Dalton road in rear. At midnight a furious burst of
musketry and cannon wakened the exhausted soldiers, but it was
the last effort of despair, and no other attack was made. At dawn
the works of the enemy were found empty, save for the dead and
those too badly wounded to be moved.
The Fifty-Fifth OMo suffered severely in this battle, losing
twenty-tMee kiUed and seventy wounded, and indeed, never re-

148 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
covered from the loss of so many officers. It never paraded with
fuU ranks again. Captain E. H. Powers took command, Captain
C. P. Wickham Acting Major. Leaving the care of the dead and
wounded to other hands, at 8 a. m. of the 16th the Twentieth Corps
marched in pursuit of the enemy, who now retired from Ms second
fortified line.
The scene on the inside of the Confederate works was ghastly
in the extreme. Dead men lay in aU directions and in every position.
Improvised field hospitals filled with the wounded and dying, broken
muskets, disabled artiUery, and dead ammals were on every hand.
The trenches were stained with blood and Uttered with abandoned
clothing and equipments of aU descriptions. It was May in Georgia,
the trees were in fuU leaf, the ah was balmy, but it was war-time, and
the army was pursuing.
As some evidence of the impression made upon the enemy by
the attack upon and capture of the four-gun battery before men
tioned, the following letter picked up on the field by a member of
the One Hundred and Fifth IUinois, and Mst published in the Mstory
of the Hundred and Second IUinois in 1865, is given. The author
was probably W. W. Corput, captain of the battery that lost its guns.
Resaca, May 15.
My Dear Wite:
John Thompson is going home to CassviUe wounded, I thought I would
drop you a Une by him. The Yankees charged on my battery this P. M. and
captured two sections of it. Many of our men and attendants were wounded.
It was as daring an exploit as when my brothers was charged at Antietam,
Va., by a New York Reg. They threw themselves into the front as unconscious
of danger as ducks into a pond. I teU you and WiU to stow away everything
of value, fearing we shall have to faU back from here; if we do, the Yankees
wiU get everything in reach. We had to fight Hooker's command here, or
else the battery never would have been taken. I hear we are gaining on the
Yankees in Va. and we would have whipped them here if it had not been for
Hooker's command. They aU wore a star. If we hold our ground here I
wiU see you ere long. I want you to send Sis and James to Grandpa's and you
go to Uncle John's. Take aU the things you can. I must close, as the train
will leave immediately. Your husband, unto Death. W. W. C.
p. s. — Our position here was very good, but we have to fall back. Keep up
good courage. I hope what I have said will not prove discouraging to you.
W. W. C.

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1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 149
We now crossed the Coosawattee River at Field's Mill, about
tMee miles east of Resaca. The enemy having destroyed the bridge,
the crossing was made by a rope ferry, and was necessarily slow;
but by n 130 p. M. the command was over the stream and encamped,
having marched sixteen miles. To the excitement of pursuit was
now added the exMlaration of perfect weather, and the beauty of
the champaign country of northern Georgia. The broad rolUng
plain was diversified by many farms and clearings and the pine-
covered tops of the rounded hills. The pursuing army covered a
front of some twelve miles. The Twenty-thhd Corps marched on
roads to the east of the railroad. Davis's division of the Fourteenth
Corps marched on the right flank, following the right bank of the
Oostenaula River to Rome, wMch was occupied by the enemy; but
the smaU force defending the place was soon expelled. The Fifteenth
Corps foUowed the left bank of the river, having on its left the Twen
tieth Corps and the Fourth Corps. These corps pressed the enemy
sharply aU day and found a strong rear guard contesting every
avaUable position. The Twentieth Corps followed the CassvUle
Road to Calhoun, and on the 17th covered some seventeen miles.
General Johnston expected to find a suitable battle-ground at Adairs
viUe, and halted about two mUes north of that place; but he says
the position did not offer the advantages he expected, and on the
17th he retired to AdairsviUe and there concentrated Ms army. In
his memoirs he states that tMs position, although previously fortified,
proved to be too extensive to be properly defended, and on the 18th
he again retired, giving up the thhd fortified hne which he had pre
pared. Doubtless the menace of the Fifteenth Corps to his left
flank and the movement of the Twenty-third Corps upon his right,
wMle the Fourth and Twentieth corps pressed him in front, were
arguments too potent to resist. He marched his army to Cassville,
some twenty-two miles south of Adairsville, and about three miles
from the Western and Atlantic Raihoad. TMs railroad from Adairs
viUe to Kingston runs due south, but at that point turns east a few
miles before crossing the Etowah River. The main wagon-road from
Adairsville to this railroad bridge runs southeast to Cassville; thus
the commands following these highways would become graduaUy
separated, the distance between Kingston and CassviUe being about

150 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
eight miles; and General Johnston, always alert, hoped to be able
to catch one of General Sherman's corps unsupported and destroy
it before the others could come to its rehef.
On the 1 8th the Third Division of the Twentieth Corps, finding
the main road obstructed by troops and trains, marched across
country some miles to the southeast, and reached a country road
which afforded a clear way. A gradual ascent of some miles brought
it about 4 p. m. to a gravelly plateau, about ten miles from Kingston,
where resistance was met and skirmishing continued all the after
noon, but the advance was not checked. The opposing lines were
so near each other that the orders of the officers of each could be
plainly heard by the others, and mocking voices repeated Colonel
Faulkner's orders, " Up, on the right, Captain Brown ; close up the
left flank," etc. A piece of artillery was brought into action by the
enemy, but its Mst discharge was greeted with a burst of laughter
from the Union line. It had been loaded without a ball, and the
hoUow sound of a blank cartridge was recognized at once. Both
lines set up a cheer and a merry time ensued for men who were
seeking each other's lives. The day's march covered seventeen and
one-half miles, and camp was a grateful relief as we bivouacked in
the shelter of some great trees near a cool brook.
On the 19th the brigade was directed to reconnoitre forward
toward Two Run Creek, and moving straight south soon lost its
connection with the division. About 2 p. m. the skirmish line devel
oped the enemy, and, finding superior forces in front, rethed in haste
to a defensive position. Surrounded by dense woods and threatened
by a menacing enemy, defences were speedily improvised, much to
the disgust of the farmer, who saw his outbMldings and fences torn
down in a twinkling and arranged in a shape far from attractive to
him. To the soldiers and officers of the line who were not informed
of the situation matters looked serious enough ; but about 4 p. m. an
aide dashed up mounted upon a UteraUy foaming steed and gave
the commanding officer some directions. Instantly the artillery
moved to the front, a most surprising manoeuvre; orders to follow
reached the infantry; moving out of the dense woods, the line en
countered the creek, and on the opposite bank General Butterfield
appeared, urging speed by voice and gesture. Into and through the

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 151
stream the line advanced, mounted a small elevation and found
itself part of a long line of Union troops moving forward with banners
waving and guns flashing as if on parade. It was a magnificent
display of the pomp and pageantry of glorious war; fronting us was
a beautiful plain or savannah, bounded by lofty hills, and in the
immediate front the serried lines of the enemy were seen retiring
with the precision of a great machine. Rarely does such quick
transition come even in war from imminent danger and dark shadows
of ill to great beauty of landscape, enlivened by the panoply and cir
cumstance of arms. The magnificent spectacle made so deep an
impression upon all who took part in it that nearly every history of
the Twentieth Corps and the writings of those who were witnesses
make record of it. President Harrison, on the occasion of a meeting
of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, used the
incident in an especially happy manner in his opening address.
Cassville was in our front, and we were menacing General John
ston's right flank. The Twenty-tMrd Corps, which was stiU farther
on our left, was moving up toward Cassville on the Canton road.
Serious contention now arose in the Confederate camp as to the
chances of a successful battle at that place. It was ended by General
Johnston's order to abandon his fourth defensive Une — and at dawn
another empty Rebel fortified camp was occupied by General Sher
man's enthusiastic armies.
General Sherman rested his army at CassviUe and directed
preparations to be made for a new and serious move. Rigid inspec
tion of trains and baggage was ordered; commissaries and quarter
masters were directed to provide supplies for twenty days, and on
the 23d the army was ready for another south-bound march.
General Johnston had crossed the Etowah River at the raihoad
bridge and held as his base the fortress of Allatoona, so called from
the Allatoona Hills tMough wMch, by means of a deep cut, the rail
road passes. TMs position had been fortified and was very strong.
Learning that the Umon Army was crossing the Etowah, and an
ticipating General Sherman's move, he marched to cover the roads
leading from Dallas to Marietta and Atlanta.
The country in the vicimty of the Etowah River is fertile and
fairly well cleared and settled, but a few miles south of that stream

152 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
the AUatoona Range presents a gloomy aspect, as the soil is tMn and
the country rough and broken, covered with pine forests, and along
the streams tMckset with a brushy growth of vines and saplings.
The roads are of the rudest — mere paths — except where the main
routes of travel have compelled clearing.
Into these dark shades the Umon Army plunged, marching
southwest to avoid the fortress of Allatoona, and endeavoring to gain
a position of advantage upon the left flank of the enemy. After a
rest of three days, General Sherman moved forward, sending the
Fifteenth Corps toward the right via Van Wert upon Dallas, and
the Twenty-third Corps toward the left, crossing the river at the
Etowah CUffs near the raihoad bridge. The Army of the Cumber
land covered the centre as usual, and on May 23, crossing the Etowah
at Island Ford and Gillens's Bridge, about four miles south of Kings
ton, marched to Euharlee, sixteen miles. On the 24th the Twentieth
Corps in advance crossed the Allatoona Hills via HuntsviUe, or Burnt
Hickory, covering eighteen miles. On the 25th the leading division
(Geary's) encountered the enemy about four and one-half miles
from DaUas, and pushing forward a mile and a half, developed a
strong force near New Hope Church, where roads from Dallas,
Marietta, and Ackworth converge. General Geary called for help.
The Third Division lengthened its stride, and, reaching Geary's
position at 3 p. m., was at once deployed for attack. Wood's brigade
was formed upon the left of the corps, with the Fifty-Fifth Ohio and
One Hundred and TMrty-sixth New York in the front line and the
Seventy-third Ohio and Twenty-sixth Wisconsin in the second line,
the Thirty-third Massachusetts- being in reserve. As the Une ad
vanced tMough the dense wood, its left flank was first assailed by
the enemy, and the Thirty-third Massachusetts and Seventy-third
OMo were faced to meet this danger, but a deep and swampy ravine
afforded protection. The right of the Une advanced under a sharp
Me of musketry and cannon, and at short range, with no protection,
replied. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio was not in direct range of the enemy's
Me and sustained a loss of but four wounded, but by an oblique fire
assisted the right of the line.
The action was a severe one. The enemy had prepared some
defences, but the Union forces were not so favored, and their attack

William Negele
Corporal, Company H

Enoch B. Watson
Company H

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 153
was daring and persistent. As night came on a heavy rain fell and
the darkness was intense. Supperless, the brigade held its position
till midnight brought relief and a bivouac in rear of the line. On
the 26th and 27th the lines were adjusted and two strong lines of
breastworks were made. The brigade was placed in the front line
on the 28th, where constant work upon the breastworks and per
sistent deadly skirmishing ensued. The lines of both armies were
advanced so near to each other that thepickets could not be advanced,
and many men were killed and wounded daily in the breastworks.
The Army of the Tennessee had approached Dallas from the west
and was separated from the Army of the Cumberland by a gap of
about three miles, which was defended by a division of the Four
teenth Corps, placed a Uttle in the rear of the Une. General Mc
Pherson made repeated attempts to move to the left, but General
Johnston was very aggressive, and pressed the lines daily at all points
so closely as to render the attempt abortive. More than once the
thunders of a mght attack broke the silence of the forests, and the
ist of June was at hand before the lines were connected. In the
mean time General Sherman endeavored to interpose the Army of
the Cumberland between the right flank of the enemy and Marietta,
but, although on the 28th at Pickett's Mills the Fourth Corps, sup
ported by the Fourteenth, made an almost desperate attack upon the
Rebel right, it was not successful, except that our lines were there
by extended to our advantage. In this engagement General Howard
was shghtly wounded in the foot by the explosion of a shell.
May 29 John Webb, of Company K, was wounded.*
On Wednesday, June 1, the Twentieth Corps, being relieved by
the arrival of the Fifteenth Corps in its rear, moved from its fortified
line near New Hope Church, some five rmles east to the extreme left
of the army, where it bivouacked in support of the Twenty-tMrd
Corps. On the 2d and 3d the brigade moved by short marches to
the left, encamping near Morris Mill Church, supporting Hovey's
division of the Twenty-third Corps.
This side-stepping to the left had at last stretched the enemy's
Une to the breaking point, and on the night of Saturday, June 4,
General Johnston retired his army from his fifth fortified line and
*The loss of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment during May was three officers and twenty-
seven men killed and sixty-six men wounded. Total, ninety-six.

154 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
took up a new position. His line ran from Kenesaw Mountain to
Lost Mountain, and had as a central advanced bastion the bald
knob caUed Pine Mountain.
General Sherman's tactics had now placed Ms left flank across
the Western and Atlantic Raihoad near Big Shanty Station, and had
given him command of the AUatoona position, which was now
strengthened and made a base of suppUes, and the army prepared
for further offensive operations. A line of breastworks was
erected covering the brigade deployed in a single line near
Mount OUvet Church, where, during the heavy rains which con
tinued from the 5th to the 16th of June, a sodden, moist, but
determined army skirmished with an equaUy wet and equally
determined foe. During this time the Army of the Tennessee,
having cut a road for its trains in rear of the lines of the army,
was rapidly sMfted to the extreme left of the line. Reinforced by
two divisions of the Seventeenth Corps, under General Frank P.
Blair, wMch had marched via Rome, on the 5th of June this army
reached the railroad at Ackworth, and marcMng due south, by the
1 6th had fairly attained position upon the enemy's right flank,
posted strongly upon the northeast slope of Kenesaw Mountain.
TMs movement, in the face of daily torrents of rain over improvised
roads, and in the face of an enterprising foe, was one of the marvels
of the campaign.
The Fourth and Fourteenth corps had also pressed the enemy
closely upon his left and centre, and on June 10 the central fortress,
Pine Mountain, was abandoned by the enemy, adding a sixth for
tified line to the Ust of those abandoned by the enemy. On the 14th
General Polk of the CoMederate Army was killed by a cannon-
shot from Simonson's Indiana Battery. General Sherman noticed
a group of Confederate officers observing the advancing Union line
from the summit of Pine Mountain, and sent an order by the hand
of Lieutenant-Colonel C. H. Howard to the captain of the battery
to Me on the group. General Polk's loss was deeply felt by the
Confederate Army. On the 16th of June General Johnston retired
from Ms position at Lost Mountain, and a seventh fortified line was
abandoned. The general line of the enemy was now curved from
Kenesaw south of west, and tMs enabled General Sherman to reach

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 155
out with Ms right wing toward Powder Springs and Sandtown. On
June 15 five men of the Fifty-Fifth were wounded by a shell.
On the 17th, 18th, and 19th the Twentieth Corps pushed back
the retiring enemy across Noyes Creek on the DaUas and Marietta
road, a position about five miles southwest of Kenesaw Mountain.
The Twenty-third Corps at the same time swung forward upon the
right and secured positions of advantage almost enMading the Con
federate line. A feature of tMs advance was the briMant work of
the artiUery of both corps, wMch from a bald MU in fuU view of
both hnes sustained the credit of the Umon arms for accurate aim
and persistence under fire. On June 19 the TMrd Brigade (Wood's)
attacked the enemy's Une with a loss to the Fifty-Fifth of six men
wounded, viz.: T. B. Fox, Company H; Joseph Hoover and Sergeant
Isaac Dippery, Company K; J. S. Robinson, Company I; J. H.
Stage, Company C ; John Saltman, Company E.
On the 20th the division advanced upon the Marietta road some
two miles nearer Marietta, and on the 21st two regiments of the Thhd
Brigade were detailed to reconnoitre the enemy's lines. The Fifty-
Fifth OMo and the Hundred and TMrty-sixth New York were placed
under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Faulkner, and the Seventy-
third OMo was afterwards added as a reserve. The Fifty-Fifth
OMo was pushed forward and skirmished very sharply with the
enemy, who was strongly posted on a commanding elevation. Com
pany B was on the Une and pushed close to the enemy's advanced
post. Owing to the constant and unremitting pressure of the ad
vance the men had been unable to wash their clothing, and on this
mormng four members of Company B had secured permission to
be absent a few hours for that purpose. In the mean time the detail
for the reconnaissance had been made and the regiment had moved
from camp. When the men returned to camp they discovered the
movement, and to our astonishment, in the midst of a sharp en
counter, here came the absentees, daring the enemy's fire, and oMy
asking where they could "go in," and if they could not get closer.
This was a good example of the spirit which animated the entire
command. During this engagement First Sergeant Cramer
(Little Adam) was severely wounded and lost to the command;
Robert Vangorder, Company C, killed; Benjamin Tanner and

IS6 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
Jerome Welch, Company C, and MelviUe Jamieson, Company E,
wounded. On the foUowing day the TMrd Division of the Twentieth Corps
successfuUy assaulted the enemy's lines, strongly located upon a
ridge two miles east of the Powder Springs and Marietta road. The
TMrd Brigade was posted on the right, the Second Brigade on the
left, and the First in reserve. The division at once intrenched its
line under a severe Me, and at 5 p. m. was reUeved by a command
from the Fourth Corps. The First Division of the Twentieth Corps
upon the right of the Une and General Hascall's division of the
Twenty-third Corps upon its right sustained during the day a terrific
onslaught near Kolb's House, on the Powder Springs road, by Hood's
Confederate corps. The attack was made in the vain hope of
checking the turning movement which had now placed General
Sherman's right nearer Atlanta than the enemy's left. The Con
federate loss was very severe, and the attack proved to be another
of those futile and bloody ventures which marked General Hood's
career. The Third Division of the Twentieth Corps moved that night
to the support of the First Division and bivouacked in rear of the
Une. During the 23d the writer saw General Sherman pass tMough
our camp and witnessed a spirited interview between Generals Sher
man, Schofield, and Hooker. The incident is noted because it was
probably the beginning of a series of misunderstandings which at last
ended in General Hooker's leaving the army, an act which he doubt
less often regretted. It now appears from reports and correspondence
that General Hooker had made a report of the action of the previous
day which failed to do justice to General Schofield's command, and
which was sharply resented. General Sherman insisted upon proper
courtesy between commanders and reproved General Hooker in
severe terms. This rankled in Hooker's mind, and he took the Mst
opportumty to sever his connection with Sherman's army.
On the 23d the hne was fortified and the command rested until
the 27th.* On that date, marching before dayUght, the brigade
was placed in the front line near the Powder Springs road, and
witnessed in the distance the assault upon Kenesaw Mountain made
* Twenty-sixth, loss: F. A. Crum, Company H, killed; J. H, Larkins, Company E,
Frank Davenport, Company A, wounded.

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 157
by parts of the Fourth and Fourteenth Corps. From the summit
of the mountain clouds of smoke arose and the thunders of cannon
added interest to the beauty of the landscape.*
Lieutenant Lathrop's experience in the assault of June 22 is
thus related by himself:
"On the morning of June 22, as we were in camp before Kenesaw Moun
tain, we were aroused early by the glad cry of 'Mail! Mail!' It had just been
brought in by an orderly; and the word was passed around that we could send
out letters by the returning orderly. No one had ink, and few had pencils, but
I had in my pocketbook a powder which required but the addition of a little
water to make it available as ink. While I had the package of ink powder in
my hand we were ordered to faU in Une. I put the powder back in my pocket-
book, which I dropped into my left pocket, and almost immediately we marched
into the open. As we reached the foot of the hill upon which the enemy were
posted, I received a Minie* ball in my left thigh, the bullet first going through
the pocketbook, and carrying the ink powder with it. The powder made a black
spot three or four inches in circumference and prevented aU flow of blood. I fell
down, but immediately arose, and shifting my sword to my left hand, I used it
as a cane, and when I found that my leg was not broken a feeling of quiet happi
ness came over me which I cannot describe. I lay in the hospital in Nash
ville until about the ist of October, when I got twenty days' leave of absence,
and went home to Milan, Ohio. It is useless to mention the suffering I have
endured on account of my 'Rebel leg' during all the forty years that have
passed since that day. It is stiU doing "me fairly good service, although to-day
I weigh only one hundred and twelve pounds instead of one hundred and sixty-
five pounds, as on the day I was wounded."
General Butterfield on the 29th left the command on leave of
absence, and was succeeded by General W. T. Ward, who had com
manded the First Brigade of the division. General Butterfield did
not return, and General Ward's assignment became permanent.
On July 2, and again on July 4, General Johnston gave testimony
to General Sherman's skUl by abandoning his eighth and ninth Unes
of works which covered Marietta and Kenesaw Mountain, and
retiring to the Chattahoochee River, where a carefully prepared line
of breastworks, ampUfied by slashings and abatis and strong pal
isades, had been erected by the Georgia militia and a force of negro
?Casualties in June: killed, six men; wounded, one officer and twenty-five men.
Charged hill at foot of Kenesaw Mountain. Loss: killed, Sergeant Eri Mesnard, Com
pany H; Sergeant George Collingwood, and Private Alex. Kennedy, Company D.
Wounded, Lieutenant Philetus C. Lathrop, Company A; Corporal J. H. Rowland, Private
J Zimmerman, Company D; Corporal Milton N. Cowles and Corporal Francis M. Nichols,
Company C; Private J. C. Jones, Company B; Clark M. Cline, Company H.

rS8 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
laborers. TMs position did not prove so successful a means of
retarding our arms as General Johnston had hoped. Indeed, the
judgment of General Sherman, as well as that of many miUtary
authorities, was that a Une south of the Chattahoochee River could
have been better defended. At any rate, on July 9 the Confederate
Army retired across the river, and the tenth empty Confederate
position was added to our Ust of victories. The Union line pushed
forward on the 3d and 4th, the TMrd Division meeting some op
position on the Turner's Ferry road. The Fourth Corps had very
heavy fighting on the 4th of July, in which their artillery was very
prominent and very effective.
The dense forests and tangled undergrowth of the Allatoona
Hills now gave way to a country better cleared and affording facilities
for transportation. Here, until Sunday, July 17, there was rest and
some relief from the intense strain of the pursuit. From a hill near
Vinings Station the spires of Atlanta could be seen, some ten miles
distant. The coveted prize was in view, and the exhausted com
mand drew fresh energy from the sight.
The month of June had been one of intense activity for all of
General Sherman's army. During the entire month never did the
bugle sound "Forward" without severe skirmishing and fighting.
The month was also marked by constant and severe rainstorms,
making the roads quagmires, and adding enormously to the diffi
culties of the advance. The enemy had been able to retire into
positions thoroughly fortified beforehand, having all the appoint
ments necessary for defence, thus largely neutrahzing the prepon
derance of force enjoyed by the Union Army. The country was
almost an unbroken wilderness, and the Union commanders displayed
sMU of a very uncommon sort in moving their long lines through
the tangled and pathless woods without maps and with a minimum
of loss. The average daily loss for the army in killed, wounded, and
missing was about 200 men.
But General Sherman had a task before him worthy of his great
powers. The crossing of the Chattahoochee River in the face of
the Rebel Army commanded by a leader whose Fabian skill we had
tested to our sorrow was the next problem. On June 8 General
Sherman had anticipated this problem and had said to General

Robert W. Pool
Captain, Company A

Philetus C. Lathrop
First Lieutenant, Company A

Russel H. Bever
Captain, Company A

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 159
Halleck: "If he (Johnston) selects the line of the Chattahoochee,
then I must study the case a little." As a result of this " little study"
the Twenty-third Corps had been relieved from duty on the right
at Turner's Ferry, on the Chattahoochee River, and, by a rapid
march, was sent some twenty miles up the river to Roswell Factory,
where a crossing was effected. The Army of the Tennessee followed,
and on the 17th aU the armies were in motion. General McPherson
on the left, General Schofield in the centre, and General Thomas on
the right. As the right of General Thomas's army was but seven
miles from Atlanta, the movement contemplated a right wheel of
the entire line, and the left flank would march four or five times as
far and as fast as the pivot command.
On the 17th the Thhd Brigade marched at 3 p. m. and, crossing
the Chattahoochee at Pace's Ferry, encamped on Nancy's Creek,
three miles northeast. On the 18th, having reconnoitred the posi
tion, the Third Division marched some five miles to Buckhead, and
went into camp on the left of the Buckhead-Atlanta road.
On the 19th, while in bivouac, a commumcation from the Com
manding General announced a change of commanders in the Con
federate Army. General Johnston had been superseded by General
John B. Hood. The notice to the command was unusual, stating
that the new Confederate General was a graduate of West Point,
and that his classmates reported that he was of an impetuous, rash,
and confident disposition, and that all commanding officers must
be governed accordingly.
The prospect of meeting the enemy in the open field was hailed
with satisfaction by the whole army, who were heartily thed of
butting up against well constructed breastworks.
Peach Tree Creek, upon the south bank of which General John
ston had planned his advance hne for the defence of Atlanta, runs
nearly due west from the junction of its three branches north of
Atlanta and empties into the Chattahoochee near the raihoad bridge.
General Johnston had planned an attack upon the Umon armies
when they should be somewhat separated by the different crossings,
and General Hood seems to have endeavored to carry out the plan.
The 20th of July, 1864, is a date to be remembered so long as
the Twentieth Corps shall live in history. The Third Division

160 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
crossed Peach Tree Creek not far east of Howell's MiU at 11 A. M.
Upon reaching the Mgher ground south of the stream we found that
the Fourteenth Corps had marched to the right and formed the right
of the army near the railroad bridge. The First Division of the
Twentieth Corps connected with the left of the Fourteenth Corps,
Geary's second division prolonged the line to the east, and the TMrd
Division was assigned to cover the ground up to the right of Newton's
division of the Fourth Corps, which was posted on an elevation to
our left and front. It was an intensely hot day, and as the rear of
the command slowly climbed the MU we noticed an effort to hurry
the formation and to double-quick the last regiment into position.
The Une was formed upon a ridge parallel to Peach Tree Creek,
and overlooked the valley of Shoal Creek, a small stream flowing
north. Upon a ridge paraUel to, and south of, the one upon wMch
the Umon hne was located ran a country road leading from the
Buckhead road to the main Atlanta road. The line was formed,
havmg upon the front the Twentieth Connecticut and Twenty-sixth
Wisconsin; the second Une was formed by the Seventy-third Ohio
and the Fifty-Fifth OMo. On the 17th the Thirty-tMrd Massa
chusetts had been detailed as train guard for the division, and was
not present with the command. The One Hundred and Thirty-
sixth New York had been detailed to cover the front of the division
as skirmishers. In adjusting the line this regiment was left in front
of the First Division and did not return to the brigade tiU night.
The skirmishers of the brigade advanced to the ridge in front,
but no immediate movement of the enemy was indicated. About
2:30 p. m., however, signs of activity in the Fourth Corps upon our
left front excited interest; especially the fact, of wMch the entire
line became aware, that General Thomas was gaUoping his horse.
The General was a very heavy man, and was methodical and careful
in movement. Riding to a battery near our Une he gave orders, and
as the battery moved, by voice and sword urged it to speed. The
pickets in front began to Me. On our left the Fourth Corps, non-
combatants, ambulances, and camp-foUowers began to retire rapidly.
VoUeys of musketry and cannon began, and it was evident that the
enemy was attacking. The Mst Une of the brigade marched down
the hUl and a sharp combat began. The right of the Fourth Corps

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 161
broke back a httle, but was soon stayed. Into this gap the enemy
rushed, presenting as they did so their flank to our line. The front
line had been somewhat concealed by bushes in the valley of Shoal
Creek, and the attacking line was delayed by the swampy nature
of the valley. The front line delivered a most effective fire upon the
Rebel line, which came on with the dash and spirit of veterans.
This Confederate force consisted of Featherstone's brigade of Loring's
corps, and comprised the First Mississippi Sharpshooters, the
Thhty-thhd, Third, Twenty-second, Thirty-Mst, and Fortieth regi
ments Mississippi infantry, formed from right to left as named.
The roar of voUey firing from the entire front of the division as
the attack roUed on Uke a wave to the west disclosed the plan of the
action, wMch was to assault the Union line by successive division
attacks, beginning on our left. Upon the front of the Third Division
the assault was repulsed, but the Confederate line came on again
and again, suUenly retiring and again coming forward as if to reclaim
the dead and wounded which covered the field. For four hours the
contest raged along the whole front of the corps with the same result.
The Seventy-tMrd Ohio was sent to relieve the Twenty-sixth Wis
consin in the front Une, and the Fifty-Fifth Ohio was moved at the
double-quick to fiU a gap between our left and the right of the Fourth
Corps. Colonel Ross, who commanded the Twentieth Connecticut upon
this day, in Ms report of the battle says of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio:
In the early part of the action the Fifty-Fifth Ohio was moved from the
second line to our left to fill the space between our left and the right of the
Fourth Corps. The regiment stood for four hours in the open field, and both
officers and men are entitled to praise for their steadiness in this most obsti
nate battle.
For the Twentieth Corps this engagement was a most brUUant
feat of arms. Without defences and in the open field, it sustained
an unexpected and furious attack of the enemy. It met this attack
with a counter-charge, repulsed all subsequent attacks, kUled and
captured many of the enemy, and held the field. When General
Sherman took final leave of the corps at LouisviUe one year later,
he referred to tMs day as the one which gave Mm absolute confidence
in the valor and reUabUity of the Twentieth Corps.

102 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
The enemy retired to their fortified line after dark, and the tired
soldiers slept on their arms in line of battle. The morning of the
2 ist showed the ground about Collier's Mill covered with the Con
federate dead and wounded. Colonel C. P. Wickham relates that
among the dead he noticed a striking figure in the lifeless form of
Colonel J. B. Drake, of the TMrty-thhd Mississippi, whose tall
form was stiU in death, but with extended arm, sword in hand, had
an air of resolution and defiance.
The casualties in Featherstone's Confederate brigade of about
1,800 men were: killed, officers, 13; men, 65; wounded, officers,
47; men, 346; captured, officers, 10; men, 135 — a total of 616.
General Hooker estimated the entire Rebel loss at 6,400, viz., 4,400
killed and wounded, and 2,000 prisoners. The Union loss was
much less. General Newton reported 100, General Williams 580,
General Geary 476, and General Ward 550 — an average of one-fifth
being kiUed. General Geary reported 165 missing, doubtless
prisoners, as there was some confusion on his right until the First
Division advanced.
General Hood criticised General Hardee for being slow in his
attack on the Fourth Corps, but a study of the subject leads one to
the behef that the Confederate Army profited by the delay com
plained of. The Fourteenth Corps was during this time moved to
the right flank and was thus deprived of the opportunity of meeting
the advancing enemy. Besides, Generals Schofield and McPherson
had advanced so fast and so far upon the left as to seriously imperil
General Hood's right flank, and this compelled Hood to call for a
division from General Hardee; he sent General Cleburne's, and
without that command feared to renew the attack.
The 2 ist of July was spent in the position captured on the 20th.
General Hooker rode the line in the forenoon, and congratulated
Ms victorious troops in person. The enemy had withdrawn during
the night, thus surrendering his eleventh fortified position, and retired
to the works which contrabands and state troops had erected for
the defence of Atlanta. On July 22 the advance was resumed and
by a march of tMee miles the division reached a point but two miles
from the centre of the city. Here, deployed in two Unes, the com
mand fortified a position, although under a severe picket fire. On

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1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 163
the 23d the brigade marched about a mile to the right and worked
all mght bmlding works between the Marietta road and the raihoad.
On the 24th the left of the brigade Une was advanced to correct
the alignment, and at dayUght of the 25th the position was occupied.
The intense heat caused much suffering, wMch was abated by sub
stantial screens of poles roofed with boughs and leaves, wMch were
erected in aU exposed positions. The brigade was reUeved on the
26th by General Ruger's brigade of the Fhst Division, and took a
position in the second Une, thankful to get a respite for oMy a few
hours from the intense strain of skirmishing and picket duty.
WMle the Twentieth Corps was, on the 21st, 22d, and foUowing
days, pressing close upon the forts and hnes which defended Atlanta
on the north, the Confederate General had rapidly moved Hardee's
corps of four divisions to the extreme right of his Une, and by a
march wMch mihtary students have pronounced admirable, placed
Mmself square on- the flank and rear of the Umon left, near Decatur.
The right and centre of the Confederate Army co-operated with this
movement, wMch resulted in the battle of Atlanta, in which General
McPherson was kUled, but the CoMederate forces were repulsed
with a loss of fuUy 10,000 men; the Umon loss being 3,521 kiUed
and wounded, and ten pieces of artiUery. In tMs battle the troops
of the Army of the Tennessee and the Army of OMo exMbited
unequalled fighting abiUty, and theh commanding officers cool-
headed, resourceful strength equal to any emergency.
The death of General McPherson resulted in the selection of
General O. O. Howard as Ms successor, and the choice proved to
be an ideal one. Conscientious, loyal, and true, he had a happy
faculty of obeymg orders with cheerful alacrity. The soldiers of
the Eleventh Corps were interested in the appointment, as they had
served with General Howard at ChanceUorsviUe and at Gettysburg,
and also in tbe campaign about Chattanooga. His appointment
was recommended by both Generals Sherman and Thomas. His
experience m handUng large bodies of men in the field had been
gained by service with General McClellan in the battles about Rich
mond (where he lost an arm), with General Burnside at Fredericks
burg, with General Hooker in the ChanceUorsviUe campaign, with
General Meade in the Gettysburg campaign, and with both Generals

164 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
Sherman and Thomas in the Chattanooga and Knoxville campaigns.
TMs experience had made him a fit companion for Thomas and
Schofield, and subsequent events proved the wisdom of General
Sherman's selection.
General Hooker felt aggrieved by this appointment, and on the
29th inst. met the officers of the Third Division and bade them
adieu. He had won the esteem and confidence of the corps as a
commander in the field, and his departure was sincerely regretted,
as thoughtful soldiers felt that he was missing a great opportunity.
General Sherman's armies had now pushed the enemy back
into the defences of Atlanta, and for two or three days picket Ming
and fierce skirmishing continued, as the lines were pushed closer
and closer to those of the enemy. On the 27 th General Sherman
marched the Army of the Tennessee from the extreme left to the
extreme right of his line, which followed the defences of Atlanta,
curving to the west and south. Davis's division of the Fourteenth
Corps was marched via the Turner's Ferry road to the right flank
of the hne. On July 28 General Hood again assaulted the Union
flanks, choosing on this occasion the right flank. At Ezra Church,
near the Almshouse, he made a daring attempt to envelop the Union
right, but was repulsed, losing about 5,000 men. Upon this occa
sion General Logan, although aggrieved by the appointment of
General Howard to the command of the Army of the Tennessee,
wMch he had a right to expect would be awarded to him, served so
cordially, so loyally, and so efficiently as to win imperishable laurels
as the ideal volunteer, knowing not his own but his country's welfare.
On July 30 the Third Division of the Twentieth Corps was
marched to the extreme right, where it formed line in support of
the advanced position and remained there until August 2. On
that date it returned to the right of the Twentieth Corps, near the
railroad, having the Second Division on the left and the Sixteenth
Corps on the right. Breastworks were made, only to be abandoned
on the 8th as the line moved forward closer to the defences of the
enemy. Again on the ioth a new advance line was occupied and
stiU another on the 13th. About August 10 a battery of four and
one-half inch Parrott guns was established near the left of the brigade,
which Med into Atlanta along the line of Marietta Street. This

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 165
battery fired a shot every five minutes with a regularity which became
monotonous. The elevations near at hand were also armed with
guns of various calibre, and these joined daily in bombarding the
town. The ceaseless picket Ming, skirmishing, and daily combats,
large and small, rendered the service upon this part of the line the
most trying yet experienced.
General Sherman at last determined to make a general move
ment which should bring on a general engagement or force the
evacuation of the city. On the 24th of August he gave orders to
cut loose from the breastworks and, leaving the Twentieth Corps
to guard the rear, to march far south upon the communications of
the enemy. On the morning of August 25 the Twentieth Connec
ticut, of the Third Brigade, marched to Turner's Ferry, on the
Chattahoochee River, north of Atlanta, where it was directed to
prepare a line of works for the brigade. At 8 P. M. the brigade
retired from the scene of so much labor and danger and marched
across Proctor's Creek, where it halted until 2 a. m., awaiting a
movement of the Fourth Corps. The march was then continued,
and at 5 a. m. of the 26th the command went into line of battle,
covering Turner's Ferry, facing Atlanta, having the left resting on
the Chattahoochee River and the right connecting with the Second
Brigade, which extended to the river below the ferry. The First
Brigade and the other divisions of the corps were placed to protect
the railroad bridge and other crossings of the river to the east.
The 26th and 27th passed in vigorous work on a hne of breast
works; but about 2 p. m. of the 27th a Confederate force, said to be
two brigades of infantry and four guns, under command of Major-
General French, made a sharp attack upon the position, evidently
with a view to learn its location and strength. The attack was
received with spirit, and the Confederates soon retired. Major-
General H. W. Slocum, who had been appointed to the command
of the Twentieth Corps on General Hooker's retirement, arrived at
the railroad bridge on the 27th, and at once assumed command,
relieving General A. S. Williams, temporarily commanding.
The position at Turner's Ferry was held until September 2
without loss, except that private John Shea of Company I was
captured while foraging almost in sight of the position, and with

166 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
Mm Major Wickham's horse. John Shea was a good soldier, and
when he came back to the command in WasMngton at the Grand
Review he was sorely tried by the good-natured chaffing he received.
On September 2 a reconnoitring expedition under command of
Colonel John Coburn was sent out. The force consisted of 500
men from the Second Brigade and 400 men from the TMrd Brigade,
the latter detachment being commanded by Major C. P. Wickham
of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio* This force skirmished with a few mounted
men and sentinels, but soon drove them, and in the outskirts of the
city was met by Mr. Calhoun, Mayor of Atlanta, and a party of
citizens, who formaUy surrendered the place.
General Sherman had, since the 25th of August, marched the
armies under his command to the south of Atlanta, and by a series
of masterly movements so threatened General Hood's communica
tions as to draw his enthe army from the city. At Rough and
Ready, at Lovejoy's, and at Jonesborough the Rebel forces were deci
sively beaten. One can imagine the exultation which filled Sherman's
heart and that of his army as he read General Slocum's dispatch that
Atlanta was occupied by our army. He expressed the joy of all his
soldiers when he telegraphed President Lincoln, on September 2,
"Atlanta is ours, and fairly won." When General Hood rode out
of Atlanta on the night of September 1, he knew that the army
under his command had given up to the Union forces in this cam
paign twelve fortified positions, of which Atlanta was the chief and
last. The force under Major Wickham did not return to the camp at
Turner's Ferry, but was posted as guards, and on September 4 the
brigade marched into Atlanta and encamped on the McDonough
road south of the city. Here the Twentieth Corps rested and
repaired the fatigues and losses of the campaign. The four months
of 1864 from May 2 to September 2 had taught officers and soldiers
many lessons in the art of war. The skill of the generals of the con
tending armies was supplemented by the courage and activity of
Anglo-Saxon volunteers, who, to bravery, joined ingenuity and intel
ligence of a high order. General Sherman had the satisfaction of
seeing in the armies he led a real patriotic orgamzation, ammated
*The detail from the Fifty-Fifth Ohio comprised forty men under Captain Charles
M. Smith.

George Collingwood
Sergeant, Company D
Billed June 22. 1864, in- Battlf. 01-
Kknksaw Mountain

George W. Holloway
Company D

1864] CAMPAIGNING WITH SHERMAN IN GEORGIA 167
with respect for each other's soldierly qualities, and as loyal to each
other as to the cause for which they fought. It is true, mistakes
were made during the campaign, as they always will be made, but,
in the language of General J. D. Cox, "He would be a rash critic
who would confidently assert that he could find better means to
attain desired ends than those which were employed in attack, or
defence, over a hundred miles of mountains and forests in northern
Georgia in 1864."

CHAPTER X
THE MARCH TO THE SEA
THE occupation of Atlanta by the Twentieth Corps marked the
cessation of active operations by General Sherman's armies,
wMch since May 2 had endured a terrific strain. The Confederate
Army concentrated near Lovejoy's Station was not molested, and
the Umon armies rethed, the Army of the Ohio to Decatur and the
Army of the Tennessee to East Point. The Army of the Cumber
land had been grouped around Atlanta. The Twentieth Corps
occupied the city and its environs. A new line of defences suited
to a smaller force was laid out by Colonel O. M. Poe, CMef of
Engineers on General Sherman's staff, and details from the several
corps of the Army of the Cumberland were set actively to work on
them. The strenuous activity of the summer was relaxed, and a period
of rest was enjoyed. A raid upon our raUroad communications by
the Rebel cavahy under General Wheeler made forage scarce, and
foraging expeditions were sent out. One of these, under Colonel
Dustin of the One Hundred and Fifth IUinois, consisted of 928
wagons and ambulances, guarded by a force of 400 cavalry under
Colonel Garrard, and about 2,800 infantry, all from the Twentieth
Corps, Lieutenant-Colonel Hurst of the Seventy-third Ohio Infantry
being chief field officer. One hundred and seven of the wagons were
in charge of Lieutenant Taber, Regimental Quartermaster, Fifty-
Fifth Ohio Infantry. TMs expedition marched to Decatur, from
wMch place convoys of wagons were sent to plantations where corn
was stored, and on the 23d of September the train returned, having
secured more than 600,000 pounds of sheUed corn and a great quan
tity of other suppUes. Subsequent expeditions were sent out October
11, 16, 21, and 26, but they comprised fewer wagons and were more
easily handled.
The City of Atlanta had as a mihtary governor Colonel WUliam
Cogswell of the Second Massachusetts, who had as a Provost Guard
168

1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 169
the Second and TMrty-third Massachusetts and the One Hundred
and Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry. The bands of the Second and
Thirty-thhd Massachusetts, which were superior orgamzations, had
time for practice, and dress parades and guard mounting gave
opportumty for some of the display of garrison life.
General Sherman's expressed intention to make Atlanta a fortified
base for further operations led to his celebrated order directing
citizens to remove from the city with their families. This order
gave rise to an acrimonious exchange of letters between General
Sherman and General Hood, the latter vigorously remonstrating
against what he termed an inhuman order. General Sherman's
terse reply left Uttle to be said. The evacuation was conducted
tMough commissioners from both armies, who co-operated in a
friendly manner. The hardships of enforced leave-takings were
Ughtened as much as possible, and when the commissioners separated
it was with mutual respect.
The Fifty-Fifth had a pleasant camp on the McDonough road
and passed the month of September comfortably, save for the daily
detaUs for work on the defences. Rest, ample food, and an occa
sional foraging expedition brought the command into splendid con
dition. On September 26 Newton's division of the Fourth Corps,
and on the 29th Morgan's division of the Fourteenth Corps, were
sent to Chattanooga to reinforce the troops operating against General
Forrest's Confederate cavalry, who were endeavoring to destroy the
Umon lines of supply leading from Nashville and MempMs to
Chattanooga. General Thomas was directed to take command of
all troops operating in defence of those lines, and he moved his
headquarters to Nashville, arriving October 3.
Early in October signs of activity gave notice of a pending move
ment, occasioned by the movements of General Hood's army.
Having been manoeuvred out of Atlanta, General Hood on September
18 assembled his discouraged forces, and after a short rest at Love
joy's, moved to the west a few miles, covering the Atlanta and West
Point Railroad at Palmetto Station, and threw a pontoon bridge
across the Chattahoochee River.
From September 25 to 27 President Davis visited Hood's army
and endeavored to restore its confidence and renew its courage by

170 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
promising a campaign against the Umon commumcations. Acting
upon this suggestion, General Hood began Ms movement on October
1, and by October 4 had encamped Ms whole army in General
Sherman's rear, near Lost Mountain. Hood's corps, now commanded
by General A. P. Hill, was detached to move against Big Shanty on
the Atlanta and West Point Raihoad, wMch he occupied October
3, destroying the railroad toward Acworth and Allatoona. General
Wheeler at the same time with a large force of cavahy appeared
before Resaca, demanding its surrender; but General Weaver refused,
and Wheeler retired, having damaged the raihoad. General Stewart
returned to the main army at Dallas, but detached the division of
General French to capture the fortress of Allatoona, wMch was
attempted on October 5. The heroic and successful defence of this
post by General Corse, with a force of but 1,800 men to meet the
Confederate column of 5,000, was one of the notable events of the
war. General Sherman made it the subject of a congratulatory
order, wMch emphasized the valuable results of determined resistance
in Uke cases. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio heard with pleasure of the
heroism of a signal officer, Mr. John Q. Adams, who there gave
evidence of that gaUantry wMch afterwards in the regular army
gave Mm distinction.
General Hood, desiring to draw General Sherman away from
Georgia, continued his march northward. He crossed the Coosa
River ten miles northeast of Rome on October 11, and by the 20th
had reached Gadsden, Alabama, where he rested and prepared for
that reckless campaign which ended in Ms complete destruction
December 25, before Nashville.
General Sherman marched his army in pursMt of General Hood
on October 3, and, following through Rome and Resaca, concen
trated at Gaylesville, Alabama, October 20. This ended the pursuit
of Hood. In Ms memoirs General Sherman says that the movement
wMch he now began took form in his mind when Hood began Ms
march for the Union commumcations. It is certainly a demonstra
tion of Ms genius for war that he then clearly saw that he could
divide Ms army, leaving a portion to defeat his enemy, and with the
other portion go on to fresh fields and to the very heart of the enemy's
source of suppUes. He now felt certain that General Thomas could

James L. Seeley
Company D
Died Sept. 8, 1864, of Wounds

Moses Pugh
Sergeant, Company H
Commissioned Second Lieutenant
July io, 1865 (not mustered)

1864I THE MARCH TO THE SEA 171
with the forces assigned Mm protect the territory north of Atlanta
and wMp any Confederate force that could be brought against him.
He had aheady sent the Fourth Corps to Chattanooga, and on
October 30 decided to send the Twenty-third Corps to General
Thomas. These detachments reduced Ms armies to four corps,
namely, the Fourteenth, Twentieth, Fifteenth, and Seventeenth.
Every energy was directed toward preparation for the projected
campaign. General Howard was directed to concentrate the Army
of the Tennessee near Kingston on the Etowah River. The Four
teenth Corps was grouped about Marietta, and the Twentieth Corps
in and about Atlanta.
The raihoad, wMch had been broken in many places by General
Hood's army, was repaired in an amazingly short time.
Rigid inspections eliminated aU sick men and those unable to
do heavy duty. These were sent back to Chattanooga, and there
organized by General Thomas into guards for forts and depots of
suppUes. Wagon- trains were carefully loaded with ammunition,
hard bread, and coffee, and on November 10 the movement began.
General Corse at Rome began the advance, Mst destroying all mills
and factories wMch might be useful to the enemy. On November
12 General Sherman received his last telegram from the North. It
was from General Thomas, and stated that he was confident of his
ability to destroy the enemy in Ms front. General Hood began Ms
march toward the Ohio River November 13. General Sherman
noted this as an interesting coincidence — " two hostile armies march
ing in opposite directions, each in the fuU beUef of reacMng a final
conclusive result in a great war."
The Twentieth Corps had not been molested in Atlanta during
tMs campaign to the rear, except that on November 9 the Rebel
General Iverson, with a force of about 800 cavahy and four guns,
made a dash upon the lines to learn whether they were strongly
held. No harm resulted, but a lively fire from the pickets assured
him of the presence of the Union troops in force.
By November 14 aU the detachments of General Sherman's army
between Rome and Atlanta had arrived at or near the latter city,
having destroyed as they marched the raihoad and bridges behind
them.

T72 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
On November 8 and 9 General Sherman had prepared two
special field orders, wMch were now issued to the army. These orders
are so complete and admirable that the full text is given.
Special Field Order No. 119.
Headquarters MiUtary Division of the Mississippi. In the field, Kingston, Ga.,
November 8, 1864.
The general commanding deems it proper at this time to inform the officers
and men of the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Twentieth corps that
he has organized them into an army for a special purpose, well known to the
War Department and to General Grant. It is sufficient for you to know that it
involves a departure from our present base, and a long and difficult march
to a new one. AU the chances of war have been considered and provided for,
as far as human sagacity can. All he asks of you is to maintain that discip-
Une, patience, and courage which have characterized you in the past; and he
hopes, through you, to strike a blow at our enemy that will have a material
effect in producing what we all desire, his complete overthrow. Of all things,
the most important is, that the men, during marches and in camp, keep their
places and do not scatter about as stragglers or foragers, to be picked up by a
hostile people in detail. It is also of the utmost importance that our wagons should
not be loaded with anything but provisions and ammunition; all surplus ser
vants, non-combatants, and refugees should now go to the rear, and none should
be encouraged to encumber us on the march. At some future time we will
be able to provide for the poor whites and blacks who seek to escape the bond
age under which they are now suffering. With these few simple cautions, he
hopes to lead you to achievements equal in importance to those of the past.
By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,
L. M. Dayton, Aide-de-Camp.
Special Field Order No. 120.
Headquarters MiUtary Division of the Mississippi. In the field, Kingston, Ga.,
November 9, 1864.
1 . For the purpose of miUtary operations, this army is divided into two
wings, viz. The right wing, Major-General O. O. Howard commanding, com
posed of the Fifteenth and Seventeenth corps; the left wing, Major-General
H. W. Slocum commanding, composed of the Fourteenth and Twentieth
corps. 2. The habitual order of march will be, wherever practicable, by four
roads, as nearly paraUel as possible, and converging at points hereafter to be
indicated in orders. The cavalry, Brigadier-General Kilpatrick commanding,
wiU receive special orders from the Commander-in-Chief.
3. There will be no general train of suppUes, but each corps wiU have its
ammunition-train and provision-train, distributed habitually as follows:
behind each regiment should follow one wagon and one ambulance; behind
each brigade should follow a due proportion of ammunition-wagons, provision-

1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 173
wagons, and ambulances. In case of danger, each corps commander should
change this order of march, by having his advance and rear brigades unen
cumbered by wheels. The separate columns will start habitually at 7 A. M.,
and make about fifteen miles per day, unless otherwise fixed in orders.
4. The army will forage UberaUy on the country during the march. To
this end, each brigade commander wiU organize a good and sufficient foraging
party, under the command of one or more discreet officers, who will gather
near the route traveled corn or forage of any kind, meat of any kind, corn meal,
or whatever is needed by the command, aiming at all truces to keep in the wagons
at least ten days' provisions for his command, and three days' forage. Soldiers
must not enter the dwellings of the inhabitants; or commit any trespass; but
during a halt or camp they may be permitted to gather turnips, potatoes, and
other vegetables, and to drive stock in sight of their camp. To regular foraging
parties must be intrusted the gathering of provisions and forage at any distance
from the road travelled.
5. To corps commanders alone is intrusted the power to destroy mills,
houses, cotton-gins, etc.; and for them this general principle is laid down: In
districts and neighborhoods where the army is unmolested, no destruction of such
property should be permitted; but should guerrillas or bushwhackers molest
our march, or should the inhabitants burn bridges, obstruct our roads, or other
wise manifest local hostility, then army commanders should order and enforce
a devastation more or less relentless, according to the measure of such
hostihty. 6. As for horses, mules, wagons, etc., belonging to the inhabitants, the
cavalry and artiUery may appropriate freely without limit; discriminating,
however, between the rich, who are usually hostile, and the poor and industrious,
usually neutral or friendly. Foraging parties may also take mules or horses
to replace jaded animals of their trains, or to serve as pack mules for the regi
ments or brigades. In all foraging, of whatever kind, the parties engaged will
refrain from abusive or threatening language, and may, where the officer in
command thinks proper, give written certificates of the facts, but no receipts;
and they will endeavor to leave with each family a reasonable portion for their
maintenance. 7. Negroes who are able-bodied and can be of service to the several columns
may be taken along; but each army commander will bear in mind that the
question of supplies is a very important one, and that his first duty is to see
to those who bear arms.
8. The organization at once of a good pioneer battaUon for each army
corps, composed, if possible, of negroes, should be attended to. This battalion
should foUow the advance guard, repair roads, and double them if possible, so
that the columns will not be delayed after reaching bad places. Also, army
commanders should practise the habit of giving the artillery and wagons the
road, marching their troops on one side, and instruct their troops to assist
wagons at steep hills or bad crossings of streams.

174 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
9. Captain O. M. Poe, chief engineer, wiU assign to each wing of the
army a pontoon train fuUy equipped and organized; and the commanders
thereof wiU see to their being protected at aU times. •
By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,
L. M. Dayton, Aide-de-Camp.
The army was divided into two wings. The right wing, com
manded by Major-General O. O. Howard, comprised the Fifteenth
Corps and the Seventeenth Corps; and the left wing, commanded
by Major-General H. W. Slocum, comprised the Fourteenth and
Twentieth corps. The latter corps was commanded by Brigadier-
General A. S. WiUiams, an officer of great experience, who had the
confidence of the men and officers, and was Mghly esteemed by
General Sherman. The three divisions of the Twentieth Corps
were commanded by Brigadier-Generals N. J. Jackson, J. W. Geary,
and W. T. Ward. The cavalry of the army consisted of two brigades
under Brigadier-General Judson Kilpatrick, and numbered about
5,000 sabres. The entire army numbered 62,264 men of all arms
and sixty-five cannon. The trains comprised 2,500 wagons, having
six mules to each, and 600 ambulances, with two horses to each.
The trains were divided equally between the corps, so that each
corps had about 800 wagons, wMch on the march occupied about
five miles of road. The troops carried about forty rounds of ammu-
mtion per man, and 160 rounds per man was carried in the train.
General Sherman was now in personal command of an army of
60,000 veteran troops, fully equipped, enthusiastic, and in aU respects
equal to the task proposed, wMch was to demonstrate to the world
the force and strength of the Union, the abUity of its generals, and
the hoUowness of the Confederacy. On November 14 the work of
destroying the miUs, warehouses, and depots in Atlanta was com
pleted by a corps of engineers under Colonel Poe. The walls and
supports of the bmldings were knocked down by an ingenious
battering ram constructed of bars of raihoad hon swung in chains
from a tripod, and Me completed the destruction. Great care was
taken to burn only bmldings of public importance, and very few
if any dweUings were destroyed.
Early in the mornmg of Tuesday, November 15, the long Unes
of the Twentieth Corps began to pour out on the road leading east,

Benjamin C. Taber
Quartermaster, Fifty-Fifth Ohio
Volunteer Infantry

Henry J. Pelton
Quartermaster-Sergeant, Fifty-Fifth
Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
Commissioned First Lieutenant
July io, 1865 (not mustered)

1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 175
and the cheerful columns, with elastic step, leaving the smoking ruins
behind them, marched on, singing "John Brown's body lies moulder
ing in the grave, but his soul is marcMng on." The roads upon
wMch the four corps marched quickly diverged beyond the city limits.
The Twentieth Corps, upon the left, marched nearly east via Decatur
and Stone Mountain, and seemed to tMeaten Augusta. The Four
teenth Corps took a road a little south, but stiU bearing east. The
right wmg marched almost south via Jonesborough and tMeat
ened Macon, but soon turned east. At the farthest point of diver
gence from right to left the front of tMs great army covered fifty miles
of country, thus conceaUng the real objective point and confusing
the plans of the enemy. WitMn the Umits of this broad swath the
people felt the hand of war. General Sherman's orders provided
for an orderly system of coUecting provisions and forage. The men
detailed were assembled before dawn, placed in charge of an officer,
usuaUy a major appointed for the day by the general commanding
the division. They were informed where the camp for the night
would be found, and started out ahead and on each flank of the
marching column to seek farms and plantations where food for man
or beast could be obtained. The enemy, at first supposing the move
ment of the army to be upon Macon, assembled their cavalry on
the right flank, and few or none were seen by the foragers of the
left wing. The absence of an opposing force made them bold, and
when after a few days smaU squads of the enemy's cavahy appeared,
these veteran infantrymen, accustomed to the skirmish line, showed
a bold front and proved themselves fuUy competent not only to
defend themselves, but often to act as scouts and to secure valuable
information. On more than one occasion the generals were advised
by the foragers of the enemy's movements before the regular cavalry
force could perform that service.
The State of Georgia, from the Mils upon wMch Atlanta is situated
to the sea, is a gently rolling plain, fahly fertile, especiaUy along
the streams, which, rising in the foothiUs of the AUeghames, flow
generaUy in a southeasterly direction. The principal rivers east
of Atlanta are the Oconee, Ocmulgee, Ogeechee, and Savannah.
The march of General Sherman's army was at first between the
Ocmulgee and the Oconee. From the first day out of Atlanta the

176 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
foraging squads brought in an abundance of suppUes. As the march
ing column neared its camp at mght, at each cross-road would be
found the party waiting to join its command. The abUity of the
American soldier to get fun out of any and every tMng came out
strong. Wagons, carriages, buggies, in short, every vehicle was
seized and loaded with the spoils of the day. Animals of every
description and all sorts and sizes furnished power; and too often
the foragers presented themselves arrayed in motley finery of ancient
date and fasMon, and of no earthly use, except to add a fantastic
ah to the march of the invading army. These rolling plains were
fairly weU cleared and cultivated, and proved to be a veritable
granary. The grotesque cavalcades mghtly unloaded bacon, hams,
sides, smoked and fresh meats, sweet potatoes, flour, meal, molasses,
corn, fowls, ducks, geese, and turkeys; cows, often yoked with mules
or horses, and drawing carts; sheep and hogs; and on more than one
load a Mve of honey gave evidence to the enterprise as weU as the
sweet tooth of the forager. The appetite of an army on the march
depending on the country for subsistence is large, and the waste was
enormous. General Sherman told a. member of the band of the
Thirty-third Massachusetts that Ms armies were destroying one
and a half mUUon doUars worth of suppUes daily. We were fighting
the armies of the Confederacy by depriving them of subsistence.
The Mst two days upon the road were tiresome enough. The
advance moved with ease, but the long train of artUlery and wagons
did not get its marcMng orgamzation adjusted at first, and tiresome
delays ensued. Only nine mUes was covered on the 15th, and the
rear marched or loitered aU night. The route passed Decatur and
the great boulder of gramte caUed Stone Mountain, and on the 16th
fifteen miles was easUy made, camping on the YeUow River. The
17th found us at Sheffield, seventeen miles farther, and on the 18th
Social Circle gave us a good camp, but httle rest, for here began the
destruction of the Georgia RaUroad. Geary's division was sent a
few mUes east to destroy the raihoad bridge over the Oconee River
at the junction of the Appalachee.
The troops were weU versed in the destruction of railroads by
tMs time. The usual method was to form a Une of men facing the
track, each one at a command Ufting on a rail or tie and raising

1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 177
it to the height of the shoulder. At a signal the line, stepping back
a pace, threw the structure violently down, which resulted in a break
at a weak point. Sturdy arms and willing hands detached a rail
here and there and soon the line was broken to fragments. The
ties, piled up cob-house fashion, were fired, and the rails, laid on top
of the burning ties, soon heated and became soft, easily twisted, and
bent, so as to be unserviceable. A favorite method was to wind
the hot rails about trees, where, when cooled, they were destined to
furnish a serious problem when repairs were undertaken. Often
the softened irons were bent into the letters U. S. and, when displayed
on an inclined surface, such as a cutting afforded, they furnished a
mute reminder to the advocate of States' rights of the strength and
majesty of the Umon cause.
General Sherman did not cross the Oconee here, but began to
concentrate his forces at and near Milledgeville, keeping within
the peninsula formed by the Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers. Follow
ing and destroying the Georgia Railroad, on November 19 the
Twentieth Corps marched via Rutledge to Madison. This was a
beautiful village sixty miles east of Atlanta, and was the home of
Senator Joshua Hill, who, although conservative, did not escape
loss. Cotton stored near the railroad station was Med, and the
jail near the public square gave up its whips and paddles to increase
the big bonMe in the public square. The bands played as the
column marched tMough the town, attracting crowds of negroes,
who often joined the marching column, sure that their day of freedom
had arrived.
At mght the camp was crowded with the contrabands. Leaving
their homes, they attached themselves to the Mst soldier who spoke
kindly to them, and blindly followed the army in march and camp.
The night marches, illuminated by blazing fences and cotton-gins,
vocal with songs and at every halt enlivened with dances, was more
like a picnic than the march of an invading army. On Sunday,
the 20th, rain feU heavily, the roads were heavy, the weather grew
cold, and there was much discomfort; but twelve miles was soon
marched and the advance had a comfortable rest. The cold rain
continued tMough the 21st, and the command made fifteen miles,
moving southeast to Eatonton. On the 22d the corps reached

178 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
MiUedgevUle, the capital of Georgia, and learned of the ludicrous
scenes of the day before, when the Governor, Joseph Brown, and the
legislature made an undignified exit. The Fourteenth Corps
arrived and camped near the city, and the right wing under General
Howard was reported at Gordon, on the Central Railroad about
six miles south. The right wing had enjoyed a prosperous march;
the raihoad from Atlanta to Jonesborough and from near Macon to
Gordon had been thoroughly destroyed without casualty worthy of
notice, except that at Griswoldville, near Macon, a hastily organized
force of militia had engaged Walcutt's brigade of the Fifteenth
Corps, and had been repulsed with serious loss. These Confederate
troops were marched south, and, taking the Savannah and Gulf
Raihoad at Thomasville, reached Savannah in time to take part
in the defence of that city.
The armies concentrated about MilledgeviUe were in high spirits.
The State House, a handsome structure of Grecian style, was made
the scene of a mock session of the legislature, at wMch, among other
pranks, the ordinance of secession was duly repealed after furious de
bate and much display of wit and eloquence. More serious business
was transacted at the arsenal, wMch contained a few thousand pikes
and cutlasses and also twenty or thirty cases of muskets, all of
wMch, with some ammunition and other miUtary supplies, were
burned. Few citizens remained in the town, but the streets were
fiUed with a crowd of curious and delighted negroes, who indulged
in fantastic mamfestations of joy. The camp of the Fifty-Fifth
Ohio was on the west side of the town, and the 23d was a day of
rest. On Thursday, November 24, the march was resumed, but
the order of the columns was changed. The Fourteenth Corps
took the outside roads on the left, the Twentieth and Seventeenth
corps the centre, and the Fifteenth Corps the extreme right, aU
marcMng east. The cavalry, which had covered the right and rear,
now moved across our front and took a route leading both north
and east, on the left front, and threatened Augusta. General Kil
patrick intended to cross the railroad leading from Savannah to
Augusta, and if possible release the prisoners confined in the MiUen
prison pen, who were reported to be suffering from hunger and cold
and the lack of all comforts; but they were removed before he could

Jay Kling, M.D.
Surgeon, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry

Joseph Hebble
Surgeon, Fifty-Fifth Ohio
Volunteer Infantry

James C. Myers
Assistant Surgeon, Fifty-Fifth Ohio
Volunteer Infantry

1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 179
reach that point. General Wheeler, with a large force of Confederate
cavahy, met General Kilpatrick near Waynesborough, and severe
skirmishing and fighting ensued. The Union cavahy retired upon
the infantry column, and then, supported by General Baird's division,
advanced, and, after a severe battle, routed the Confederates and
pursued them beyond Waynesborough.
The Twentieth Corps had two toilsome days on the 24th and
25th, marcMng twenty miles over the swamps of Bluff Creek and
Buffalo Creek, corduroying the bottomless roads with small trees,
wMch enabled the trains to move, although so slowly that it was
morning of the 26th before the town of SandersvUle was reached.
The Fourteenth Corps arrived by a converging road the same day.
The First and Second divisions of the Twentieth Corps were now
sent south six mUes to TenmUe Station, on the Central Raihoad,
which was destroyed to the Ogeechee River, and the long bridge
over the river as weU. The Third Division, with the trains, marched
directly east tMough Davisborough to LouisviUe and crossed the
Ogeechee River at Conrad's Bridge on the 29th, having marched
forty miles. The corps was umted at Louisville and camped about
the town. SuppUes still were abundant and the roads good, except
at river swamp crossings.
Having passed the Ogeechee River, we now entered the pemn-
sula formed by the Ogeechee and Savannah rivers. Cypress
swamps, whose trees were adorned with festoons of Spamsh moss,
appeared. The long waving tufts of moss look Uke bunches of flax
ready to spin. The pine forests are interspersed with laurel, and
with an occasional live-oak spreading long level arms. The soil
grows sandy and tMn, and foragers find supplies begin to be less
abundant. From December 1 to 3 the column marched forty miles,
passing Buckhead Church, and on the 3d crossed the Augusta Rail
road three mUes above MiUen. Many of the soldiers visited the
Rebel prison and returned full of the horrors of the place, finding
only sod houses or holes in the earth, and bodies of Umon prisoners
lying unburied. The march now turned southeast via Springfield,
wMch was reached December 6, after a hard march of thirty-four
miles. Cold rains, miry roads, and a dense forest of pine and
cypress hung with long festoons of moss, made it a gloomy route.

180 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
We had rumors of fighting toward Augusta by the cavahy and the
Fourteenth Corps, which proved afterwards to have been a severe
cavalry contest, in which General Kilpatrick, with the brigades of
Murray and Atkins, supported by General Baird's division of the
Fourteenth Corps, whipped General Wheeler and his seven brigades
of cavalry very thorougMy. After this battle at Waynesborough the
enemy was more respectful. General Wheeler sent a large part of
his force across the Savannah River and observed the progress of
our army as the corps marched south with ease toward Savannah.
On December 8 the TMrd Division of the Twentieth Corps marched
due east, crossing the Monteith Swamp with much difficulty. Here,
at the station on the Augusta Raihoad called Monteith, an effort
was made to stop our progress, and we encountered a fort armed
with artiUery and manned by a force of some 400 men. A flanking
force of the First Brigade soon routed the enemy out of the fort
and the column marched south on the Planters' Causeway, with no
delay. General Hardee had arranged to defend Savannah by a
line of forts from Monteith Station on the Augusta Railroad to
King's Bridge over the Ogeechee River, hoping not only to delay
the approach of our army, but also to save the railroad bridge over
the Savannah River; but the march of the Fifteenth Corps on the
right bank of the Ogeechee flanked all these defences and compelled
the enemy to retire upon the defences of the city proper. On
December 10 the First Division of the Twentieth Corps held the
advance, marching along the raihoad and destroying as they marched.
The Third Division proceeded to the front to guard the force at work,
and this arrangement brought the TMrd Division to the main line
of the defences of the city, about four miles out, at 2 p. m. A strong
line of earthworks, wMch also displayed artillery, compeUed the
column to halt and form in line of battle.
The city of Savannah had a population of some 25,000 people.
It is located upon an elevation some five miles by eight miles in
extent, rising about forty feet above the surrounding country. The
region between the city and the open sea, about fifteen miles distant,
is scarcely above tide water, and is strongly marked by numerous
water-courses, very crooked and bordered by salt marshes, which are
afloat at high tide. Upon such elevations as were suitable were

1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 181
constructed defences against attack from the side toward the ocean,
and in the rear, where the Union Army approached, the numerous
ditches and canals where rice was cultivated proved a valuable aid
to the defence of the city, as they were flooded and proved more
effective than earthworks.
The pemnsula formed by the Ogeechee and Savannah rivers is
for a long distance from twelve to fifteen miles in width. It is also
divided by the Little Ogeechee River. About four miles north and
west of Savannah a succession of elevations affords sites for planta
tions, and upon these, running from Williamson's Plantation on the
Savannah River opposite the head of Hutchinson's Island to King's
Bridge over the Ogeechee, a distance of fifteen miles, General
Sherman placed his army, having the Twentieth Corps on
the left, and the other corps, the Fourteenth, Seventeenth, and
Fifteenth, in the order named.
The Savannah River is marked by numerous islands, which divide
it into two and sometimes three channels, which are navigable.
At its mouth upon Cockspur Island were the ruins of Fort
Pulaski, where an Ohio general, Quincy A. Gillmore, gave, in 1862,
an object lesson to the world by battering down a fortification with
artillery at a distance. HutcMnson's Island, about five miles in
length, Ues opposite Savannah, its lower end being occupied by a
portion of the Confederate Army for the protection of the pontoon
bridge to the Carolina shore, which was General Hardee's only
line of supply and retreat. Above tMs Ues Argyle Island, two miles
in length, which, with Onslow's Island, divides the stream into three
channels. The Ogeechee River, receiving the Little Ogeechee near
the ocean, flows in a crooked and tortuous way to Ossabaw Sound,
where our navy was on the watch for signs of our arrival. Only
Fort McAlUster prevented the immediate presence of our supply
vessels at King's Bridge. This fort, situated on Genesis Point,
was fairly well armed with seven heavy guns and eight field pieces,
and garrisoned by a force of 200 men under Major G. W. Anderson.
It was of course built to face the ocean, and the rear was not well
protected, but some attempt was hastily made to strengthen that
face by a ditch, abatis, and by torpedoes, which had been thickly
planted near the ditch. General Hazen's division of the Fifteenth

182 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
Corps had been designated to assault the fort, and at sunset of
December 13, under the eyes of General Sherman, who was on the
roof of a rice-mill about two miles distant, tMs division charged, and
in fifteen minutes captured the fort and garrison, sustaimng a loss
of twenty-four kiUed and 101 injured, the defenders losing forty-
eight men kUled and wounded. This capture was of immense
importance to General Sherman's army, as it opened up a line of
supplies to the army, now greatly in need of clothing and ammuni
tion. In the mean time the army subsisted, the men upon rice and
the animals on rice straw. A visit to the rice-mill at Tweedside on
the Savannah River was a most interesting incident. The miU was
located on an elevation made very attractive by a noble grove of
live-oaks, whose massive trunks sent out their level arms sometimes
a hundred feet in length, clothed with Spamsh moss, presenting an
inviting shade from the fierce rays of the sun. The rice kernel,
when threshed, still retains its covering of chaff, which must be
removed by pounding. The mill was furnished with machinery,
which was soon set in motion, but the negroes preferred their ancient
custom of pounding the grain in a bowl hollowed out of an oak
stump and winnowing it by throwing it into the air. The rice proved
a poor substitute for hardtack and sowbelly, and a raid was made
on an oyster bed in the river, wMch furmshed some variety to the
biU of fare not named in the regulations. Communication with
the Umon fleet was announced by December 15, and twenty tons of
mail soon gladdened our hearts. On December 11 the Second
Division of the Twentieth Corps took post at Cherokee HiU, about
five miles in our rear, near the Charleston and Savannah Railroad
bridge, and guarded the army against the inquisitive Confederate
cavalry. General WUUams placed some companies of the Third
Wisconsin on Argyle Island, and on the 12th the whole regiment
followed. As these troops were crossing the river, three Confederate
steamers coming from Augusta attempted the passage. Winegar's
New York battery went into action and soon drove two of them
back disabled, and captured the Resolute, with five officers and nine
teen men. On the 16th Colonel Carman and the rest of this brigade
joined the Third Wisconsin on Argyle Island, and some troops were
landed on the CaroUna shore. The Third Division of the Twentieth

Charles G. Drake
Corporal, Company C

John B. Gatchell
First Sergeant, Company F

i864J THE MARCH TO THE SEA 183
Corps held a front of about a mUe and a half, extending from the
Central RaUroad near its junction with the Charleston and Savannah
Raihoad to the east. This front was frequently and thoroughly
explored, especially at night, as the enemy was alert and picket Ming
was constant during the day. The defences of the enemy in our
immediate front were manned by a force of Georgia militia under
General G. W. Smith, and were provided with batteries containing
twenty siege guns of large calibre and a number of light batteries.
General Sherman made a demand for the surrender of the city on
December 17, which was refused by General Hardee; who declared
his lines were open for supplies, and he was not in need of anything.
Preparation for an assault was begun along the whole front, and by
December 21 had been completed; but at 3:30 A. m. of that date
our pickets heard a joyful voice upon the left shouting, "They've
gone! They've gone I" The good news travelled fast and the picket
lines pushed forward over the swamps and canals to the defences of
the enemy, wMch were found empty, except for a few stragglers,
deserters, and escaped prisoners. Among the latter was Sam Ash-
bolt of Company D, famous as a forager and cook, who had been
captured on the march whUe foraging. He had made use of his
skUl at the cook's range to secure employment with an officer's
mess, which gave him an opportumty to escape. Sam came down
the raihoad early in the mormng, and meeting his captain, shouted,
"Captain, come right with me, and I'll show you where you can
get the best biscuits you ever ate."
General Hardee, finding the Umon forces advancing upon the
CaroUna shore and threatening Ms line of supply, made vigorous
efforts to secure assistance, but failed, and determined to save his
garrison by evacuating the city while he could safely do so. On the
mght of December 20 he crossed the Savannah River on his pontoon
bridge, abandoning considerable artillery and a large amount of
stores, besides about 25,000 bales of cotton. On the 21st he reported
his movement to General Beauregard and also to President Davis,
adding that his entire force for the defence of the city summed up
9,089 men, counting, after Rebel fashion, only muskets.
General Sherman at once telegraphed to President Lincoln a
message which brought joy to his heart and to the hearts of the

184 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1864
miMons of loyal citizens who had been watching the fortunes of our
briUiant General and his veteran troops.
Savannah, Ga., December 22, 1864.
(Via Fort Monroe, 6:45 v. M., 25th.)
His Excellency, President Lincoln:
I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah, with
150 heavy guns and plenty of ammunition, and also about 25,000 bales of cotton.
W. T. Sherman, Major-General.
The Twentieth Corps entered Savannah on December 21, having
marched from Atlanta on November 15. This campaign of five
weeks covered marches aggregating 295 miles. Two hundred miles
of raUroad in the central granary of the Confederacy had been de
stroyed ; 1 7 ,000 bales of cotton of 500 pounds each had been destroyed
by Me, and 31,000 bales captured in Savannah; by the left wing alone
were captured 4,090 animals (horses and mules) and more than 7,000
negroes marched with the column when it reached the sea. The
immense quantity of provisions and forage consumed and destroyed
was a blow fatal to the resources of the Confederate Army in Vir
ginia, and the unopposed march, almost without casualties, was a
demonstration of the weakness of the Confederacy. Events fully
justified General Sherman's strategy, and to add confirmation, now
came news of the destruction of General Hood's army in the battles
of Franklin and NashviUe by the forces left with General Thomas
for that purpose and the reinforcements which had been ordered to
Mm before the march to the sea began.
It was with exultant steps that the Union soldiers trod the streets
of Savannah. General Geary, whose forces had first detected the
retreat of the enemy, was placed in command of the city. Guards
and patrols soon checked the disorderly element, and in a few hours
the city was as qdet and safe as it had ever been in times of peace.
The friends and admirers of General Hazen caUed on him and
tendered congratulations upon Ms successful assault of Fort
McAUister, and some who at the beginmng of the war had heard
him express Ms deep distrust of the volunteers now rallied him upon
those dark forebodings, so soon to be found groundless.
General Sherman reviewed his command, appointing a separate
day for each corps. There was not much display in the way of dress,

1864] THE MARCH TO THE SEA 185
but the troops had their arms in perfect condition, their marching
had the free and steady stride of the veteran, and notMng could be
more perfect than their aUgnment. General Sherman himself, who
was often rather careless in dress upon the march, was resplendent
in full dress, and presented a commanding and inspiring presence as
he returned the salutes and cheers of his admiring columns.
Confederates and their sympatMzers looked on with astonish
ment day after day at the numbers and the perfect disciphne of an
army they had been taught to beUeve was an undisciphned horde
of bummers, and gained a wholesome respect not only for Sherman's
army, but for aU defenders of the Union. The Twentieth Corps was
reviewed on December 30 and 31, and the Third Division made
arrangements to cross to the Carolina shore. A cold rain, which was
intensely penetrating, prevented on that day, and another effort was
made on Sunday, January 1, 1865. Again a failure to complete the
pontoons made it necessary to return to camp, where the comfortable
huts prepared for a winter camp were found occupied by the First
Division. DoubUng up was the only alternative, and the wet and
cheerless mght was passed by the two divisions packed, like sardines
in boxes, in the huts. On Monday, January 2, however, the steamer
Planter was used as a ferry and landed the command at Cheves's
Landing, where a temporary camp was made upon the sacred soil
of South CaroUna. Our ferry-boat was commanded by Robert
SmaU, a negro pUot, who had succeeded in running his steamer away
from Charleston harbor to the sheltering arms of Uncle Sam's fleet
blockading the city.
On January 4 the Third Division marched about six miles north
of Cheves's Landing to Hardee's Farm, and then prepared a camp
as if for a permanent stay. And now began preparations for a cam
paign more arduous than the command had yet endured, wMch was
to end in the final and glorious return to home and a united country.

CHAPTER XI
FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH
THE capture of the city of Savannah, wMch marked the successful
termination of the march to the sea, gave General Sherman
opportumty to rest and refit his command. TMs march, so spectacu
lar and interesting, was but one step in the plan which contemplated
Ms junction with General Grant's army before Richmond. General
Grant at Mst favored a movement from Savannah to City Point
by water, but difficulties of transportation at once presented them
selves, and he cordiaUy gave assent to General Sherman's plan to
march by land from Savannah to Raleigh, or to Weldon on the
Roanoke River in Virginia. This movement would be difficult
indeed. It contemplated a march of about 500 miles over difficult
roads, hindered by many swamps and streams, and especially
by an enemy who, in spite of decreasing numbers and resources,
was active and enterprising, and was rapidly gathering to oppose
the advance, although confused by uncertainty as to the objective
point of the campaign.
On December 26, 1864, in Special Field Order No. 143, General
Sherman announced that Savannah would be held as a military
post, and gave orders for the government of the city. General
Geary, of the Second Division, Twentieth Corps, was appointed
Governor and assumed command. Colonel Poe, of General Sher
man's staff, organized defences, and Generals Easton and Beckwith
depots of suppUes of quartermaster and commissary stores. The
right wing, viz., the Fifteenth and Seventeenth corps (except General
Corse's division) were sent by transport to Beaufort, South CaroUna,
and to the head of Broad River, relieving troops of General Foster
(among them the Twenty-fifth OMo, with which the Fifty-Fifth OMo
had once been brigaded) that had been tMeatemng the Charleston
and Savannah Raihoad, and were gradually massed in the neighbor
hood of PocotaUgo, twenty-five miles iMand from Beaufort. Ad
miral Dahlgren suppUed steamers for the transfer, and Ms sailors
186

Charles P. Wickham
Lieutenant-Colonel, Fifty-Fifth Ohio
Volunteer Infantry

Hartwell Osborn
Captain, Company B
Commissioned Major June 4, 1865
(not mustered)

i86s) FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 187
were heartily amused at the seasick agomes of the landsmen, who
would rather march a hundred mUes than travel ten miles by sea.
By January 15, 1865, tMs wing was massed at Pocotaligo ready
for the campaign. On January 19 General Geary's command was
relieved by the division of General Cuvier Grover of the Nineteenth
Corps, and an effort was made to cross to the Carolina shore; but
the incessant January rains had flooded the Savannah River, the
pontoon bridge was carried away, and the Union causeway so dam
aged by high water that General John E. Smith's division of the
Fifteenth Corps was almost lost; and Corse's division of the Fifteenth
and General Geary's division of the Twentieth were directed to
march north on the right bank of the Savannah to Sisters' Ferry,
about forty miles north of Savannah, where a pontoon was laid,
and on February 4 a crossing was effected.
WMle these combinations were being made, the Fifty-Fifth Ohio
with its brigade remained in camp at Hardee's Farm until January
17. On the 16th Colonel WiUiam CogsweU, of the Second Massa
chusetts, Brevet Brigadier- General, was placed in command of the
brigade, reUeving Brigadier- General Ross, who took a leave of
absence. On January 17 camp was broken and a march of ten
miles brought the brigade to Hardeeville, a station on the Charleston
and Savannah Railroad. The First Division of the Twentieth
Corps and one brigade of the Third Division encamped at Purys-
burg on the Savannah River, about six miles west of HardeeviUe,
where a good landing and wharf were available and where boats
could land supplies.
The brigade organization under General CogsweU was, the Twen
tieth Connecticut, TMrty-third Massachusetts, Fifty-Fifth and Sev
enty-third Ohio, Twenty-sixth Wisconsin, and One Hundred and
Thirty-sixth New York: a total force of eighty-eight officers and
1,400 men.
The camp at Hardeeville was soon made. The houses in the
village furnished material for huts, which were essential for comfort,
for the weather was intensely disagreeable, cold, rainy, and with
that piercing wind which makes Southern winters so difficult to en
dure. From the 18th to the 27th an alternation of unpleasant con
ditions continued, and the order to march came as a welcome relief.

188 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
Adopting Ms customary tactics, General Sherman sent the cavalry
under General Kilpatrick to skirmish toward Aiken, threatening
Augusta, Georgia, where valuable shops and depots of military
supplies were established, and supporting the cavalry with infantry
near by, succeeded in holding a considerable body of the enemy
there, and in delaying their concentration in his front or on his flank.
On Sunday, January 29, a bitterly cold day, the command
marched from Hardeeville north and northwest, and camped at
Bethel Church, fifteen miles distant. On the 30th the march con
tinued seven miles to Robertsville, where the whole division was set
vigorously to work making a corduroy road to Sisters' Ferry. The
troops that had marched from Savannah on the right bank of the
river were crossing at Sisters' Ferry, where the floods had spread out
the stream to a width of three miles, and road building was a simple
necessity. TMs work occupied the command till February 2, when
the march was resumed, still northwest, to Lawtonville. Wheeler's
Confederate cavahy resisted this advance, and the First Brigade
had a smart skirmish on the edge of a swamp near Lawtonville.
Flanking tactics were resorted to, and although the TMrd Brigade
formed line of battle, the march was not delayed. Although the
country was sandy, barren, and poor, yet as forage and provisions
were scarce, the foragers were organized as in the Georgia march,
and with like result. Meats not named in the army ration appeared
at the camp-fires, and honey, vegetables, and even eggs, were not
unknown. The Carolinas are distingmshed by their swift and numerous
streams, which, rising in the foothills of the Alleghanies, run south
east to the sea, passing from the mountains over the great rolling
plain wMch, gradually declimng toward the Atlantic Ocean, becomes
at last low and marshy near the coast. The route selected by General
Sherman led across these swift and deep streams, which near the
coast were bordered by wide cypress swamps. The few roads tMough
these swamps and the bridges over the streams had been blockaded
or burned, and it was often necessary in securing positions to wade
in water up to the shoulders. General Sherman, from his knowl
edge of the topography of the country, had laid out the route along
the Une where the sand of the low country and the clay of the upland

1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO COLDSBOROUGH 189
joined. He was asked by one of his quartermasters before the
march began if trains could move through the swamps, to which he
replied, " Certainly, you will find hard white sand on the bottom all
the way." And this proved true. On February 3, 4, and 5 the
division, marching ten miles per day, covered thirty miles via Duck
Branch and Moore's Crossroads to Allendale, and thence marched
northeast to Beaufort's Bridge over the Big Salkehatchie River. This
bridge had been destroyed and earthworks built commanding both
the bridge and the narrow causeway through the swamp. The
right wing had, however, made this position untenable, having forced
a crossing at Rivers Bridge, lower down, and no serious defence was
attempted. On the 6th the brigade marched with the wagon- train,
making but nine miles, to the Little Salkehatchie, and on the 7th,
after marching eight miles over a swampy road in a pouring rain,
camped at Graham's Station on the South Carolina Railroad. On
February 7 the right wing had reached the South Carolina Railroad
at Midway and Bamberg. General Sherman's army was now in
line of battle on this railroad, with its right threatening Branchville
(the junction of the railroads from Columbia and Augusta to
Charleston), and the left at Aiken menacing Augusta. The forces
of the enemy guarding Charleston and Augusta were divided, and
concentrated effort was rendered impossible. The South Carolina
Raihoad was for thirty miles destroyed after the most approved
method. The left wing worked from Midway to Graham's. Noth
ing of value was left. The rails were twisted and the ties burned,
station houses on the line and mills near by were destroyed, and
thousands of bales of cotton were burned. The manufacturers of
rosin and turpentine had collected great stores of those articles,
which were soon sending clouds of smoke to the skies. 'The dry
pine-trees and the fences caught fire, and for five days the whole
country was swept with a besom of Me and destruction.
The foragers got very bold. General Howard relates that, as
his advance deployed to meet an expected enemy near Midway, a
bummer came furiously down the road to meet the line. He was
mounted on a white horse with a rope bridle and rope stirrups, but
no saddle; he wore a swallowtail suit and a plug hat. Nearing the
General he shouted, "Hurry up, General; we've got the road." The

190 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
foragers had driven off the enemy's skirmishers, and no fight was
necessary. The division marched thirty miles on the 8th, 9th, and
ioth, destroying the raihoad toward the west, and on the nth,
abandomng the raihoad, marched north. The route led by Gui-
gnard's Bridge over the south fork of the Edisto River and over
Goodland Swamp.
The bridges had been burned and the swamp was deep, in many
places three feet. A heavy frost covered the ground, and ice had
formed. During the 12th nine of these swampy streams were forded
and several bridges built, the men working up to the waist in the icy
stream. It was a severe experience even for these hardy troops,
but by night thirteen mUes had been covered, and camp was made
at the crossing of the north fork of the Edisto River. On the 13th
the brigade moved but six miles, camping at Jeffcoat's Farm, on the
Columbia road. Upon this ground, wMch was high, foraging was
easier, and the supphes were more abundant. Leaving here,
the ancient shore-line of the Atlantic Ocean, the higher elevations
were covered with jack-oak and lofty pines, and a clay soil replaced
the sand. On the 14th the division marched in the rear of the whole
army, guarding trains, which was slow work, and but six miles was
made. On February 15, stiU guarding trains, the division crossed
a branch of the Congaree River on the Lexington Court House road.
A Mgh wind prevailed, and Mes begun by foragers or raiders ran
along the fences. Great pUes of burning rosin and cottonseed gave
out clouds of smoke, and the dry pine-trees flared like giant torches.
This march was fitly called "that smoky march," and although but
nine miles long, will be long remembered. On the 16th, as we
neared the Congaree opposite Columbia, preparations for meeting
the enemy were made. The trains were parked, artiUery and am
bulances were sent to the front, and stretchers were prepared for
unpleasant contingencies. The division moved but eight miles east
and camped about two miles from the river. A few scattered cannon-
shot from the opposite bank gave us notice that the right wing was
up and was exchanging compUments with the enemy. From an
elevation near by the spires of the city could be seen, and many
looked curiously at the place fitly called "the cradle of Secession."
But the Twentieth Corps were not to have the satisfaction of visiting

i86s] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH IQ1
Columbia. The right wing, wMch had upon the 12th tMeatened
Branchville, an important railroad junction, and had destroyed
many miles of those roads, now crossed the Saluda and Broad rivers
just above their junction, north of Columbia. The pontoons had
been found too short to bridge the Congaree, but were used to ad
vantage over the smaller streams, and thus that army marched into
Columbia from the north, driving before them the rear guard of
cavalry, which was observing our advance. The abandoned cotton
Med by the retreating Confederates set Me to warehouses and stores,
and, carried by a high wind, soon began a conflagration which
tMeatened the entire city. Officers and soldiers vied with each
other in efforts to stay the flames, but great loss occurred, wMch close
investigation has proved to be due to the retiring Confederates
rather than the Union soldiers. The occupation of Columbia made
certain the evacuation of Charleston, and upon Friday and Saturday,
February 17 and 18, it was quietly effected. General Sherman was
advised on the 22d. He had caUed at division headquarters and
was conversing with General Ward when an orderly rode up with a
message. General Sherman read it, and turmng to General Ward
said, " Well, General, you can inscribe Charleston on your banners.
I propose to march this army to Washington in less than two months."
The brigade did not enter Columbia, but marched with the
wagon-train at 10 A. m. on the 17th, via Saluda Factory, wMch had
been burned. The road was Uned with sad-faced, snuff-dipping
women, who looked stolidly at the martial display. Camp was
made at Zion Church, but five miles from Columbia. At 8:10 A. m.
on the 18th the division, stiU with the trains, crossed the pontoon
over the Saluda and the Broad near their junction, which forms the
Congaree. The slow movement of the wagons, the high wind, the
smoke from burning trees and piles of rosin, made camp fairly suf
focating. At 7:30 a. m. of Sunday, the 19th, the division marched
four miles north upon the road to Newberry, and relieved a division
of the Fourteenth Corps guarding the flank against Cheatham's
command, which, marcMng from Augusta with Lee's corps, was
trying to make a junction with Hardee's army, wMch had just evac
uated Charleston. General Sherman's adroit and swift marches
had interposed between these scattered forces, and they were straimng

I92 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
every nerve to umte and present an opposing front. The division
returned at mght, having covered eight miles. On the 20th, stiU
guarding trains, the division moved at 3:15 p. m., crossed Broad
River on a pontoon at Alston's Ferry, and camped eight miles from
the stream on the road to Winnsborough, where all the armies were
concentrated for the night. As we were foUowing the Fourteenth
Corps, foraging was a difficult proposition, the country being well
eaten up.
At Winnsborough, February 21, the corps marched through the
town and passed in review before Generals Sherman, Slocum, and
Ward, camping three miles north on the Rocky Mountain road,
having marched twelve miles. The Charlotte and South Carolina
Railroad was destroyed for miles each way from the town by the
advance corps. The strap rails were easily heated and readily
twisted into corkscrews, and the pine-trees burned like tinder.
On Wednesday, the 22d, reheved from duty with the trains, the
division marched sixteen and one-half miles east along a high ridge,
which afforded a beautiful view. The country was rough and the
roads were heavy, but the command at last reached camp at mid
night, having crossed the Catawba River at Rocky Mountain Post
Office. At Winnsborough the march of General Sherman's armies,
which had been northward, now turned to the east, and no longer
threatened Charlotte, but rather Cheraw, which was the appointed
junction of Hardee's army and the forces under General Cheatham
from Augusta. This part of the route presented serious difficulties,
owing to the treacherous character of the soil. On the 23d, moving
north on the Lancaster road, but tMee miles was covered; but Lieu
tenant-Colonel Winckler of the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin, having
learned that two escaped Union officers were near by, sent a company
for them and brought them into camp. February 24 the brigade
moved but one and one-half miles. The horrible roads had to be cor
duroyed every inch of the way, and tMee regiments of the brigade
were hard at work aU day, while the other regiments were helping
wagons out of the mud. February 25 was another day of incessant
rain and hard work. The brigade corduroyed three and one-half
miles of road, and camped in the rain at Russell's Store, at the crossing
of the Camden and Lancaster roads. Foragers found abundant

Thomas G. Valentine
Company B

Hugh H. Benfer
Corporal, Company A

i86s] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH IQ3
supplies, but had to fight for them, as the Rebel cavalry were now
close at hand, and very aggressive.
Sunday, February 26, was a day to try men's souls. The com
mand marched at 8 A. m. in pourmg rain; was ordered back to camp
after reaching the road; again, at 10:15 A. m., was ordered to proceed,
and, marching six miles, reached Hangmg Rock Post Office and
went into camp. This place has a Revolutionary fame from a sharp
contest which took place between the cavalry of Gates and Carlton.
The rock is a natural curiosity, being an immense boulder poised
on a ledge of rocks at the brow of the MU and nicely balanced.
Here, too, on August 13, 1780, six American soldiers were hanged
upon a scaffold by the British. An equally interesting rock near by
has its lower face scooped out, forming a concave waU and roof of
smooth stone, probably by the action of Mes during long ages.
The trams had a serious time crossing Hangmg Rock Creek, and
the command rested in camp all day the 27 th. Foragers found it
necessary to go far and were attacked by Wheeler's cavalry, who
compelled them to seek safety. The treacherous roads compeUed
slow movement on the 28th. The brigade crossed the stream at
8 A. m. and then waited tiU 4 p. M. for the wagon-train, wMch marched
one mUe and then parked tiU 6 p. m., then marched till midmght,
having accompUshed six miles.
During the day foragers from the Thhd Division captured the
Bank of Camden, wMch was m flight, seeking to avoid Sherman's
army. TMee wagons, one horse and buggy, and twelve mules were
captured. The funds captured were seven hundred doUars in specie,
two thousand five hundred doUars in bullion, and thirty-five thousand
dollars in Confederate bonds.
March 1 the division marched twelve miles with the wagons,
crossing Lynch's Creek and camping two mUes beyond. The
brigade and division marched at 6 A. m., March 2, and crossed Black
Creek after much delay, due to bridge buUchng. The stream was
at last crossed, and marcMng four mUes northeast, camp was made
at 4 p. M. On March 3 the division marched eleven miles north of
east over very heavy roads, encumbered by wagons, and went into
camp at Chesterfield Court House at 4 P. m. Every soldier of the
TMrd Division wiU remember General Sherman's erect figure as

194 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
he sat on Ms horse and saluted Ms marcMng troops. Soldiers of
other divisions record Ms appearance as he sat in his tent that evening
and watched his columns gathering for the advance on Cheraw,
where Hardee was assembling Ms command to dispute our advance.
Foraging was at its height, but as the returns increased, so the dangers
multiplied; foragers were found with their throats cut, and General
Kilpatrick threatened retahation.
The Twentieth Corps moved from Chesterfield by a country
road northeast, and crossing Westfield Creek, marched two miles,
camping on Grady's Farm in North CaroUna near Sneedsborough, on
the bank of the Yadkin River, which in South Carolina is caUed the
Great Pedee. This movement was no doubt to guard our left flank
against the Augusta troops under General Cheatham, who were
marching hard to join General Hardee and his Charleston garrison.
General Sherman's adroit and bold marches had prevented the
enemy from penetrating Ms design. Sunday, March 5, was a day
of rest greatly needed by the tired soldiers, exhausted by the trying
marches and the labor of building corduroy roads and bridges in
water up to their knees, or in dragging wagons out of miry depths.
Monday, March 6, was a beautiful day. The brigade marched
almost due south twelve miles to Cheraw. While on the march,
toward noon a low rumbling noise was heard, which seemed to travel
along the ground, increasing in volume until it reached us with the
roar of an earthquake and died away. We learned in Cheraw that
tMs was the result of an explosion of several tons of powder captured
from the enemy and accidentally ignited. The shock killed several
soldiers, threw down buildings, broke glass in buildings for miles
around, and injured many in the hospitals of the town. Cheraw
proved to be a most interesting old town, being full of Revolutionary
traditions and reUcs, the graveyard especially containing many
quaint tombstones with antique inscriptions. Besides the ammuni
tion, the Seventeenth Corps captured two thousand muskets and
twenty-five Parrott guns when they entered Cheraw on March 5.
Citizens flying from Charleston with Hardee's army had brought
great stores of wine and provisions, which were UberaUy distributed
among the troops, and connoisseurs of port and sherry pronounced
the taste of the bons-vivants of Charleston to be excellent. General

1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 195
Sherman relates that General Blair sent to his headquarters a Uberal
assortment of rugs and carpets which were used for horse blankets,
saddle blankets, and to make the mounted officers comfortable at
the expense of the chivahy.
General Hardee retired before our troops, having burned the
bridge over the Great Pedee. General Sherman now learned that his
old foe, General Joseph E. Johnston, had been restored to command
and might be expected to meet him at any time with such troops as
he could concentrate. Caution was more than ever necessary, as he
made preparations for the next move from Cheraw to Fayetteville,
North Carolina, on the Cape Fear River.
On March 7 the brigade marched at 2 45 a. m., crossed the Great
Pedee on a pontoon at Cheraw, and bivouacked four miles east.
At 10:30 the march was resumed and fourteen miles was covered,
to Laurel Hill, where camp was made. March 8 and 9 but sixteen
mUes was covered, owing to much swampy road and consequent
road-making. Camp was at last made on the bank of Lumber
River, much swoUen by the rains. March 10 Lumber River and the
long corduroy road through its swampy margin were passed, and
the division was massed, waiting the slow progress of the train.
On the ioth the cavalry, now under Kilpatrick, operating on our
left flank, having camped too far from the army, General Kilpatrick' s
headquarters were captured and Ms small force of three regiments
driven into a swamp; but, mounting a horse bareback and in his
night clothes, he ralhed his men and in a most daring charge recovered
his camp and drove the enemy in confusion, infficting much damage.
General Mitchell's brigade of the Fourteenth Corps came to his
assistance, but the General had recovered his ground before help
arrived. On March n the division moved without incumbrance
and covered twenty-two miles, reaching camp at 10:30 p. m. The
last ten mUes was marched in two and one-half hours on a plank
road, and brought us within a mile and a half of Fayetteville. The
sixty-four miles between Cheraw and Fayetteville proved to be a
hard and barren country. The pine forests were magmficent, but
given up to makers of rosin and turpentine, who Uve a lonely Ufe in
their sohtudes. Houses were few and the people were poor. As
at Winnsborough and Cheraw, the Scotch parentage of the settlers

196 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
was in evidence, and in spite of its poverty the Old North State pre
sented a favorable contrast to its more favored sister of the South,
for thrift and good management were evident. Fhe stUl marked
our advance ; turpentine stiUs and rosin factories were in flames, and
clouds of inky smoke told of the march of our columns. The troops
of the right wing reached FayetteviUe on the same date as our columns.
They reported heavy rains, overflowed streams, broken bridges, and
unremitting labor on the enthe march. Nowhere do the untiring
and persistent force and abiUty of General Sherman's armies appear
more fully displayed than in tMs great march, overcoming daily a
thousand natural difficulties.
The city of FayetteviUe was a beautiful place, and had been dig-
mfied by a Umted States arsenal, covering several acres. It had
been enlarged by the Rebels and made into a factory of war material.
The macMnery was destroyed and Me was apphed to the buildings,
for, as General Sherman remarked, "the government would never
want to trust North CaroUna with an arsenal again."
Sunday, March 12, was a day of rest and thoroughly enjoyed by
the travel-worn command, now much in need of shoes and clotMng.
Our base of suppUes was stiU distant. It did not seem so far off,
however, when at noon the wMstle of a steamer was heard, and
crowds gathered on the river bank to greet an army tug from Wil
mington, wMch brought dispatches to General Sherman from General
Terry, commanding the Tenth Corps. On March 7 Sherman had
sent two scouts from Laurel HiU to make their way to Wilmington
and request the commanding officers there to send messages to meet
the army at FayetteviUe. The scouts made a successful journey,
and tMs was the prompt response. Sherman sent the boat back at
night with letters to the Secretary of War and to General Grant, and
reported his command in splendid condition in spite of hard work
and exposure. The army had an opportumty to send mail home,
and thousands of short but reassuring letters were despatched by
the soldiers to theh anxious friends at home in the North. General
Sherman also disencumbered Ms army of several thousand negroes,
refugees, and other useless mouths, who marched with a smaU escort
to WUmington. Knowing that the Confederate general must have
a pretty clear notion of Ms objective point, Sherman ordered the

1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 197
trains of the Fourteenth and Twentieth corps to march in the centre
of his line, and those corps were directed to march, having only the
ammunition wagons to guard, being thus prepared for any sudden
attack from the enemy, now close at hand and concentrating to
oppose the march. On March 13 the left wing marched through
Fayetteville, passing in review before Generals Sherman, Slocum,
WiUiams, Geary, and Ward. The Third Division, being in advance
of the corps, camped about four miles east of the Cape Fear River,
but the Fifty-Fifth Ohio and TMrty-third Massachusetts were sent
on two utiles farther and posted as an advance guard. Early in the
mormng of the 14th Major Wickham and Captain Osborn were
advised that foragers were making trouble at a plantation house
about a mile from camp, and at once went to the scene. The oc
cupants of the place were an old man and a matronly young woman
and her two children. No damage had been done beyond fright-
emng the inmates of the house, and the intruders were speedily
tirrown out. The place was, however, well stocked with provisions,
which furmshed many a good meal to the command. The owner
of the plantation proved to be an officer in Stuart's cavalry, and was
at the time enjoying the hospitaUty of Uncle Sam on Johnson's
Island in Lake Erie. At 10 A. M. the brigade marched and the ad
vance regiments rejoined the command. The route lay almost north,
following the peninsula formed by the Cape Fear and Black rivers,
which here run almost parallel and are at Averasborough but four
miles apart. The cavalry having reported a heavy body of the
enemy in front, the brigade was ordered to reconnoitre the peninsula.
Foragers had also reported the enemy in force too great for them
to resist. The command was now divided and reconnoitred in two
directions. General CogsweU, with the Twentieth Connecticut,
TMrty-third Massachusetts, and the One Hundred and Second Illi
nois, from the Second Brigade, marched north to SUver Run Creek,
developing a small force of the enemy. Under Lieutenant-Colonel
Hurst, the Seventy-third OMo, Fifty-Fifth Ohio, Twenty-sixth Wis
consin, and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York marched nearly
east to Great Creek on the Goldsborough road near the Black River,
meeting no opposition. General Cogswell left the Mst named de
tachment near Silver Run, and by a country road joined Colonel

198 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
Hurst's force and pushed the reconnaissance to the bank of the Black
River, where five companies of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio were deployed
as skirmishers. The cavalry pickets of the enemy were driven in
and a strong force of the enemy developed on the farther bank of
the stream. Artillery Me was drawn from four points. In the skir
mish Adam Ditto, of Company H, was killed, and Daniel Leiser,
of Company E, mortally wounded. At dark the command returned
to camp, having marched twenty-two miles. The three regiments
on the left under Lieutenant-Colonel Buckingham, of the Twentieth
Connecticut, advanced to Taylor's Hole Creek, and, after developing
a strong force in intrenchments, returned to camp. On March 15
the division marched north fourteen miles to Taylor's Hole Creek.
The enemy retired before us, and camp was made at 5 p. m.
The cavalry advance on the Raleigh road reported on March 16
that the enemy were in force and near at hand. General Sherman
had directed General Slocum, commanding the left wing, to march
far enough on the road toward Raleigh to ensure the safety of the
left flank of the army, and the precaution was a wise one. Cogs-
weU's brigade marched at 6:30 a. . m. prepared for battle, and at 9
a. m. reached Smith's Farm, some four miles south of the hamlet of
Averasborough, where Hawley's brigade of the First Division was
skirmishing sharply with the enemy, having been engaged since
daylight. The commander of the Rebel brigade opposing our line
had been captured by General Kilpatrick's scouts the day before
when incautiously reconnoitring in front of his command. He
proved to be Colonel Alfred Rhett, of a South Carolina regiment
of heavy artillery, and was much distressed at his mishap. He told
General Sherman that his command had been in the defences of
Charleston and had never been in a field engagement, but he thought
the men would fight. Our division (Ward's) was formed across the
Raleigh road near Smith's House, having the First Brigade on the
right of the road, the Third Brigade across the road, and the Second
on the left of the line. Heavy skirmish Unes were advanced and
pushed forward to develop the enemy, who were soon provoked to
use artillery, having a battery placed to command the road. Colonel
Reynolds, Chief of Artillery of the Twentieth Corps, placed three
batteries (I and M, First New York, and Battery C, First Ohio

i86s] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 199
ArtiUery) together behind a sUght rise in the nearly level plain, com
manding the open ground in front. The skirmishers of the Fifty-
Fifth Ohio had been posted with their left on the road, and, taking
advantage of a pine forest, had worked well to the front, being about
one hundred paces beyond the battery. From tMs point the line
of the enemy was in plain view, and the effect of the shells from our
guns was plainly visible. One discharge by battery was very de
structive, seeming to blow up caissons, dismount cannon, and kill
horses. From this position, about 4 p. m., across an open field to
the left could be seen the colors of our Second Brigade as that com
mand rapidly formed on the right flank of the enemy's Une. The
First Division of the corps had been deployed on the enemy's left,
but owing to the swampy ground, had not cleared that flank. Colonel
Case, commanding the flanking brigade on the left, sent his command
forward with a cheer, which came faintly over the field, the artillery
poured in a terrific Me, and the whole Une charged in unison, with
such success as to Uft the Rebel Une clear out of its works. The
South CaroUna troops left their works in such haste as to abandon
guns, swords, and knapsacks, and many a souvenir was picked up by
the pursmng force. A Une of works had been prepared some three
hundred yards to the rear, but the flying command could not be
ralUed, and found safety only in a strong Une of works which had
been made and occupied by Elliott's brigade six hundred yards
farther back. These two Confederate brigades (Rhett's and El-
Uott's) constituted TaUaferro's division of General Hardee's army,
and numbered some 4,500 men. McLaw's division was now hurried
forward and occupied the left of the Confederate line of works, which
had been constructed to cover the entire space between the rivers.
The advance of the two divisions of the Twentieth Corps against
this strong and weU-defended position over a flat, swampy country
tMnly wooded, was received with a storm of artillery and musketry
Me, and as night soon came on, the attack was not pushed. The
brigade retired a short distance, leaving the Fifty-Fifth Ohio and
Thirty-third Massachusetts as an advance picket, and bivouacked in
the rain. The Fifty-Fifth OMo suffered severely in this engagement
in the loss of Captain Charles M. Stone, of Company G, a veteran
of many campaigns, and a man who had endeared Mmself to the

200 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
whole command by his bravery and fortitude and by his genial
character. The total loss of the regiment during the operations of
the 14th and 16th was seven killed and thirty-two wounded. KiUed
in Fifty-Fifth OMo: Company B, Ezra Leather; Company D, Evelyn
E. Husted; Company E, Daniel Leiser; Company F, Sergeant W.
D. Craun; Company G, Captain C. M. Stone; Company H, Adam
Ditto ; Company I, E. Stille. The loss to the brigade, which num
bered about 1,400 men, was 109 killed and wounded, and fifteen
prisoners. The total loss of the Twentieth Corps was fifty-six killed and 354
wounded, a total of 410.
The enemy retired during the night, and on the 17th the division
marched five miles to Averasborough, near the Cape Fear River,
and enjoyed a day of rest.
The hamlet of Averasborough was full of the Rebel dead and
wounded. In one house were sixteen dead, and in the town were
some thirty wounded. Every indication pointed to a serious loss
on their part, which was on good authority computed at 850 kiUed
and wounded. The Third Division captured 217 prisoners and
three cannon.
Reconnoitring during the day developed the fact that the enemy
had retreated on the Smithfield road and not toward Raleigh, and
on Saturday, March 18, the Third Division marched early, taking
a by-road to a ford over Black River. Time did not permit a bridge,
and the men stripped and waded with water to their armpits. As
the command covered the rear, the march was leisurely, but the
trains moving on the BentonviUe road were reached about 9 p. m.
The horrible roads, which had to be corduroyed almost the entire
way, the long train of wagons, and the ambulances filled with wound
ed made progress slow. The division marched all mght in the rain
covering but ten miles, and camped at Lee's Store.
On Sunday, March 19, the Third Division rested a few hours,
and at 9 A. M., still covering and assisting the trains, marched east
on the BentonviUe road. At 1 1 130 A. m. the sound of cannon reached
our ears, but caused little remark, for we knew the enemy was in our
front retiring on Smithfield, where there was a bridge over the
Neuse River. As we advanced the artillery firing increased in

1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 201
volume, and shortly after the noon meal an order came to leave the
wagons and hurry to the front. The road was crowded with ar
tillery, the infantry marched alongside or in the fields, and a great
rush to reach the front ensued. By fast marching the scene of action
was reached at 2 p. m. amid all the confusion of a battle in progress.
We soon learned that our advance column of the Fourteenth Corps
had developed a strong force of the enemy near BentonviUe, at a
point where the roads leading to Raleigh and Goldsborough crossed,
and that CarUn's division of the Fourteenth Corps had been severely
handled, but that Morgan's division had stayed the tide and was
holding its ground. As the Third Division formed in support of
the fighting Une on the left of the Goldsborough road the enemy
made several bold attempts to advance, and the crash of musketry
and roar of artiUery were deafening. About 3 P. M. an officer rode
rapidly to General CogsweU, commanding the Third Brigade, and
explained that there was a gap between Carlin's and Morgan's divis
ions of the Fourteenth Corps which needed but one brigade to fill it,
and gave an order from General WiUiams to advance and fill the
space. The Fifty-Fifth Ohio was the advance regiment of the
brigade and promptly plunged into the dense swampy forest of pines,
followed by the other regiments, marching parallel to the Golds
borough road. The command had marched but a few rods when
it discovered marching directly across its path a Rebel command
wMch had found the gap, and was marching to flank Morgan's
division. The two lines were both amazed at the encounter, and but
few shots were Med. The Confederate command, which proved
to be the Consolidated Tennessee Brigade of General Palmer, at
once retreated; but parts of the Twenty-sixth and Forty-fifth Ten
nessee were cut off, some were made prisoners, and a small detach
ment escaped, and after a detour of many miles, got safely away.
The colors of the Thirty-sixth Tennessee were captured by Captain
Blasland of the Thirty-tMrd Massachusetts. General Cogswell's
brigade was now formed in two Unes and, having located the right
of Carlin's division, advanced upon the enemy. The swampy forest
was not an ideal ground for marcMng, and the Une was much broken,
but advanced till near the farther edge of the swamp ; a line of thick
bushes indicated the main road, and from this line came a tremen-

202 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
dous Me of musketry- The Me was vigorously returned, the men
lying down and seeking the cover of the forest. The enemy were
reinforced by Pettus's brigade, and endeavored by sheer weight of
Me to drive our hne, but failed, and the contest was fierce tiU night
fell. Adjutant Chase and Captain Osborn, of the Fifty-Fifth, ex
plored the right of the line and found that the gap was not by any
means closed; the ground had evidently been fought over, for they
secured and brought to the regiment a dozen muskets each, and
as many cartridge boxes. Darkness brought comparative quiet,
the pickets were carefully advanced only to find the pickets of the
enemy close at hand, and Sergeant Robert Fewson, a veteran of Com
pany I, was captured. Defences were erected in the night in rear
of the advanced line, and at midmght both Unes were sleeping the
deep sleep of exhaustion. Shortly after midnight the roar of mus
ketry from a full Une of battle woke the tired soldiers; but it ceased,
and quiet again reigned. This tremendous volley was for a long
time a subject of wonder among the men, and was afterwards
explained by an officer of Mitchell's brigade of the Fourteenth Corps,
who related that upon that mght, as General Mitchell was preparing
to rest after placing Ms picket line, as he sat by his bivouac fire of
pine-knots, a young officer, neatly dressed in a new Confederate
umf orm, stepped out of the darkness, and, saluting, said : " Sir, General
Hardee presents Ms compliments, and says he is about to charge the
enemy in your front; please be governed accordingly." General
Mitchell at once saw that this was a Rebel aide who had lost Ms
way in the darkness and the rain, and had thus disclosed the plan
for a night attack on the Umon Unes. Calling an orderly, General
Mitchell asked the officer, "Have you had anything to eat? Or
derly, take this young gentleman to the rear and give him something."
The aide was overwhelmed as the situation dawned upon Mm, but
it was too late. General Mitchell caUed his regimental commanders
together and gave orders to advance the Une of battle to the picket
line, and at a given signal to deUver a volley. This was the volley
that had awakened our Une. General Mitchell described the result
afterwards. As the noise of the Ming ceased sounds of pain, distress,
and dismay were heard mingled with the sound of retreating foot
steps. He met the Colonel of the Fhst South Carolina Infantry

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1865] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 203
afterwards in Raleigh at a private house where he was staying, a
wounded prisoner, and learned from him that this regiment had
served as heavy artillery in the defences of Charleston, and had seen
very little fighting. Both men and officers were anxious to take
part in this battle and had persuaded him, though reluctantly, to
arrange this night attack. The Colonel ruefully remarked that he
hadn't seen a man of them since that night, and he imagined they
had all they wanted of night fighting.
On the morning of March 20 Cogswell's brigade was relieved
by Hobart's brigade of the Fourteenth Corps and returned to its
division, now in trenches behind the artillery of the corps. Before
noon, however, the brigade marched to the left of the line some two
miles and erected a line of works, while two regiments supported
the pickets in a reconnaissance. The command was much depleted
by the casualties of the action and details for hospital and camp
work. On the 21st the command marched back to the entrenched
line in rear of the artillery. On Wednesday, the 2 2d, the whole
army moved toward Goldsborough and the brigade marched eight
miles to Falling Creek, which it crossed on about the most rickety
bridge which ever did duty. The brigade was two hours in passing
the stream. The rehef from the strain of close contact with the
enemy made the marching delightful. There was bright sunshine
with a Mgh wind. Venus shone brightly in the heavens and " Sher
man's Star" was the universal exclamation.
On the 23d the march continued eight miles east, crossing the
Neuse River at Coxe's bridge, and on Friday, March 24, after a cold
and very dusty march of eleven miles, the corps reached Golds
borough, passing on the way Ferry's Tenth Corps, which had marched
from Wilmington, and, under General Schofield with the Twenty-
tMrd Corps, was destined to form the centre of General Sherman's
army. One division of the Tenth Corps was composed of colored
troops; their clean and whole uniforms and generally well-kept
condition was in strong contrast with the ragged, shoeless, but
hearty veterans who, under Sherman, now ended the great march
which for the right wing (Fifteenth and Seventeenth corps) had
begun at Memphis, and for the left wing at Chattanooga on
May 2, 1864.

204 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
The battle of BentonviUe, wMch proved to be the last battle of
the army under General Sherman, was one of the great battles of
the war. The important and absorbmg nature of the events wMch
foUowed m qmck succession have obscured its importance and
detracted from its interest, but in no single engagement was the
fighting quality of the volunteer soldier more fuUy displayed.
Eight brigades of Sherman's army withstood the shock of a
headlong assault made by 20,000 Confederate veterans, and held
their ground till reinforcements could arrive.
It was, too, on the part of the Confederate General, Johnston,
an example of briUiant generalsMp. The records of the RebeUion
show that he had carefuUy chosen a time when, being near Golds
borough, General Sherman had allowed Ms right wing to reach out
for its final destination, and become somewhat separated from the
left wing, marching over difficult roads and near the enemy. General
Johnston had, by forced marches, concentrated Ms forces and
suddenly pounced down upon the Fourteenth Corps, marcMng with
difficulty over the swampy country through dense pine forests. He
intended to crush the divisions as they slowly emerged one by one,
but the veterans of Chickamauga and Atlanta had great powers of
resistance, while the losses of General Johnston's army could not
be repaired. The First Division of the Fourteenth Corps could
not be driven, and, although in sore distress, held on until the TMrd
Division of the Twentieth Corps came to its relief.
The right wing responded instantly to the call for help. Hazen's
division of the Fifteenth Corps marched nearly all mght to reach
the scene of action. They closed in on General Johnston's left and
soon convinced Mm of the hopeless nature of Ms operations. He
manoeuvred a day or two till Ms wounded could be removed, and
on the 22d retired over Mill Creek by his sole remaining bridge,
then seriously tMeatened by the Seventeenth Corps, and marched
for Raleigh via Smithfield.
The Fifty-Fifth OMo suffered severely in tMs battle. Seven
were killed and twenty-three wounded. The killed were: R. S.
WiUiams, Corporal, Company A; W. L. Sisty, Company C; John
M. Young, Company C; David Francis, Company D; David Gates,

i86s] FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBOROUGH 205
Company E; John H. W. Dildine, Company H; John Freeh, Com
pany I. TMs loss, with that of thirty-mne kUled and wounded at
Averasborough, and the necessary details for hospital and extra duty
service, depleted the regiment till it was but a remnant of the com
mand that marched from Chattanooga in May, 1864, to begin the
great march now so successfuUy ended.
As compared with the March to the Sea, the campaign of the
CaroUnas was, in respect to labor, hardsMp, danger, and difficulties
to be surmounted, as ten to one.
The march from Savannah to Goldsborough covered 465 miles
of roads generally of the worst description, comprising aU varieties
of soil, and of which fully 150 miles were corduroyed. Five
great rivers were crossed, usually on canvas pontoons. Num
berless smaller streams were either waded or bridged, and
these streams were swampy and miry beyond description. An
engineer officer computed the bridges at a total length of forty-
seven miles. The troops marched usually alongside of the
wagons, affording assistance when needed. More than fifty
miles of railroad was thorougMy destroyed, the ties being burned
and the rails twisted. The average day's march was fifteen miles.
After sixty days of tMs toilsome and laborious work, two battles
were fought, wMch fuUy tested the courage and endurance of veteran
troops. The army destroyed 22,000 bales of cotton by order, not
counting that burned by foragers. At least 500 cotton-gins were
destroyed, and over fifty rosin and turpentine stUls, with 20,000
barrels of rosin. There were taken for use in the trains at least
2,000 horses and 3,000 mules, besides 4,500 head of cattle killed for
food. The amount of food taken by the foragers and consumed by
the army can hardly be estimated, but not less than 30,000
rations of beans, peas, sweet potatoes, and corn meal were con
sumed daily for the sixty-seven days of the campaign, and not the
least of the trials of the march was the fact that rain feU on twenty-
one days.
On March 22 General Sherman issued a special congratulatory
order, wMch summed up the results of the campaign in his peculiarly
terse and vigorous style.

206 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
Special Field Order No. 35.
Headquarters MiUtary Division of the Mississippi, in the field, BentonviUe,
N. C, March 22, 1865.
The general commanding announces to this army that yesterday it beat on
its chosen ground the concentrated armies of our enemy, who has fled in disorder,
leaving his dead, wounded, and prisoners in our hands, and burning his bridges
on his retreat. On the same day Major-General Schofield, from New Berne,
entered and occupied Goldsborough, and Major-General Terry, from Wilmington,
secured Coxe's Bridge Crossing, and laid a pontoon bridge across Neuse River,
so that our campaign has resulted in a glorious success. After a march of the
most extraordinary character, near five hundred miles, over swamps and rivers
deemed impassable to others, at the most inclement season of the year, and draw
ing our chief suppUes from a poor and wasted country, we reach our destina
tion in good health and condition. I thank the army and assure it that our
government and people honor them for this new display of the physical and
moral quahties which reflect honor upon the whole nation. You shaU now have
rest and aU the suppUes that can be brought from the rich granaries and store
houses of our jnagnificent country before again embarking on new and untried
dangers. W. T. Sherman,
Major-General, Commanding.

CHAPTER XII
THE LAST CAMPAIGN
ON March 24, 1865, General Sherman's armies were grouped
about Goldsborough. The Army of the OMo, which, under
General Schofield, had advanced from New Berne and Wilmington,
occupied the town and guarded the avenues of supply from the
seaboard. This army now consisted of the Twenty-third Corps
under General Cox, and the newly organized Tenth Corps under
General Terry.
General Howard's command, the right wing, was encamped
north and west of the town; and General Slocum's, the left wing,
on the west and south; while General Kilpatrick and Ms command
of cavalry were posted at Mount Olive Station, south of the city.
The raUroad from Wilmington had been repaired, and supplies
came in freely. New clothing shone brightly in the ranks of faded
umforms, and the barefooted rejoiced in new shoes. A few days
of rest repaired the fatigue of the long march, and officers and
soldiers were ready for another campaign. From March 25 to April
10 appeared a long rest for these hardy campaigners; but the events
wMch proved the total exhaustion of the Confederacy came on in
startUng succession.
On April 2 General Joseph A. Mower was placed in command
of the Twentieth Corps, and General A. S. WUUams returned to
the command of the Fhst Division. This seemed but a poor return
for the long and admirable service which General WUUams had
performed, but General Mower had impressed General Sherman
as an adventurous fighter, and he was determined to have Ms army
in the most efficient condition for a final campaign. He feared a
possible union of the armies of Lee and Johnston as a last resort,
and a sudden and overwhelming attack on his command. On
AprU 5 he issued orders contemplating a movement to a point north
of the Roanoke River, where, having Norfolk as a base, he would
be in direct communication with the Army of the Potomac.
207

208 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
General Mower reviewed Ms new command in Goldsborough,
April 6, and on that date the news of the fall of Richmond and
Petersburg was received, and that the Rebel Army and the Rebel
Government were in fuU retreat. The excitement was intense;
brigades and divisions cheered in unison. The TMrd Brigade was
marched to the front, Med a salute in line of battle, and returning,
drank General Cogswell's health in tin cups out of a barrel of com
missary (with the head out) at his headquarters. At parade General
Grant's telegram was read, announcing the capture of Richmond
and Petersburg, closing with the injunction, "Push on from where
you are, and let us see if we cannot finish the job with Lee's and
Johnston's armies." Johnston's army was now our objective; the
whole army was ready to push on; and, having drawn rations, tMee
days' bread and ten days' sugar, salt and coffee in haversacks, and
twenty days' in wagons, it concluded that about thirty days would
finish the job.
General Johnston's army posted in front of Smithfield was es
timated at 35,000 infantry and 10,000 cavahy. The three armies
of General Sherman comprised 75,000 infantry and 6,000 cavahy,
and about one cannon to each thousand men. On Monday, April
10, the whole army marched straight to the front against the Con
federate position. Ward's division broke camp at 5:30 A. m., and
following the Fourteenth Corps, marched west upon the Smithfield
road. Rain fell heavily during the day and the roads were, in the
lowlands, very bad. We crossed Little River, Beaver Dam, Moc
casin and Raccoon creeks. At the latter crossmg the enemy had
broken a dam and flooded the road. Eleven mUes was made.
FoUowing the same road on the nth, fourteen mUes was covered in
a rapid march, hoping to catch the rething enemy at the crossing
of the Neuse at Smithfield; but the advance under General Geary
could catch only the rear guard and found the bridges destroyed.
On AprU 12 seventeen mUes was covered, the men crossing the Neuse
upon a pontoon bridge and camping near Swift Creek at 3 130 p. m.
The advance had encountered the enemy's cavahy within six miles of
Goldsborough, and at Smithfield expected to find the enemy in force;
but General Johnston with Ms usual skill had made effective use
of the railroad and had retired his army in good style. He had

Evelyn E. Husted
Sergeant, Company D
Died April io, 1865, at Goldsborough, N. C.
of Wounds Received Makch 19, 1865

m0

Henry W. Husted
Company D
Killed May 2, 1863, ix Battle of
Chancellorsville

i86s] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 209
reason enough for prompt action, for General Howard had pushed
tbe right wing far to the north and west, and Geneial Terry, with
the Tenth Corps, had marched up the right bank of the Neuse,
threatening him from the south and west. Delay would have re
sulted in the capture of his army. He moved rapidly through
Raleigh and found rest at HiUsborough, on the raihoad, twenty-one
miles west of Raleigh. General Sherman issued, on April 12th,
a special field order to the army, as follows:
"The general commanding announces to the army that he has official notice
from General Grant that General Lee surrendered to him his entire army on
the 9th inst. at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Glory to God and our coun
try; and all honor to our comrades in arms, towards whom we are marching.
A Uttle more labor, a little more toil on our part, and the great race is won, and
our government stands regenerated after four long years of war."
Lee's surrender was announced to the marching column on the
13th by an aide, who shouted the glad news as he rode by. The
bands broke out into patriotic music, the columns cheered and
cheered, and went forward with renewed vigor.
The Twentieth Corps reached Raleigh at 6:30 p. m. and went
into bivouac near the Insane Asylum, about two miles from the
centre of the city. April 14 was a day of rest, but in the evemng
orders came to march at 6 a. m., and on the morning of the 15th,
as the leading brigade filed out of camp, a furious rainstorm made
life very unpleasant. Before the Third Brigade had begun its march
the movement was countermanded. General Johnston had sent a
letter to General Sherman by flag of truce through General Kilpatrick
at Durham Station, requesting a temporary suspension of hos
tiUties and a proposal to discuss the subject of terminating the
existing war. General Sherman at once repUed that he was em
powered to arrange for a truce, and was prepared to abide by the
same terms and conditions as had been agreed upon between Generals
Grant and Lee. On the 16th General Sherman received a second
communication from General Johnston proposing a meeting between
Durham Station and Hillsborough the next day. On April 17, at
8 a. m., General Sherman took a railway car for Durham Station.
Before leaving he received a telegram which was of such serious
import as to cause him to order the operator to keep it absolutely

210 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
secret until his return. Having reached Durham at 10 a. m. he was
escorted by General KUpatrick and a squadron of cavahy about
five miles further on the Hillsborough road, and there met General
Johnston and General Wade Hampton and their aides. The prin
cipal figures in tMs drama had never met before, although each had
tested the other's mettle on many a hard-fought field. After the
usual formahties and introductions, they rethed to the house of a
farmer named Bennett near by and were soon alone. General
Sherman at once showed General Johnston the telegram announcing
the assassination of the President and the attempt on Secretary
Seward's life. General Johnston was deeply moved. He denounced
the crime, and hoped the Confederate Government would not be
suspected of comphcity in it. General Sherman assured him that
he did not believe that he or General Lee or any other Confederate
general or officer was responsible; but that he reserved his opinion
as to Jefferson Davis and some others. Discussion of terms of
surrender foUowed, and the generals parted to meet at noon of the
foUowmg day. The news of the proposed surrender reached Raleigh
on the 17th, and the whole army gave itself to unrestrained joy
and hUarity, but joy was turned to mourmng when the news of
Lincoln's assassmation was received. Sorrow fiUed every heart,
and the officers found it necessary to double the guards and take
special precautions to prevent an outbreak against the Confederate
office-holders and sympathizers of the city. General Sherman took
counsel of Ms principal officers on the 18th. AU advised him to
agree to moderate terms, as it was feared that Johnston's army might
break up into a horde of smaU commands and cause endless worry
and trouble. General Sherman accordingly made a tentative agree
ment with General Johnston, arranging for a truce untU the Govern
ment could be consulted, but to be terminated at any time at forty-
eight hours' notice.
On April 19 the Twentieth Corps arranged for a permanent
camp, and settled down for a few days of quiet until the negotiations
could be concluded. The soldiers admired the beautiful State
Capitol, of Grecian design, and the bronze statue of General Wash
ington in front. The spacious grounds about the Capitol, the
handsome residences and well-kept grounds of the houses of the

1865] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 211
city, were in striking contrast to the usual ill-arranged and worse
kept towns and villages we had visited. Among the citizens was a
man named Husted, who was pleased and saddened to find in
Company D some of Ms nephews. General Sherman reviewed the
Twentieth Corps on April 22, and on the 24th the Seventeenth
Corps. These parades were most imposing. The reviewing officers
took their stand before the Capitol and presented an array of dis
tinguished commanders rarely equalled. The troops were a bronzed
and sinewy column, vigorous and sturdy, hardened by theh long
service and equal to any enterprise. The surprise of the day was
the presence of General Grant, who rode with General Sherman.
It was soon known that General Sherman's agreement had been
disapproved at Washington, and at night orders for marching the
next day were received. The necessary forty-eight hours' notice
of the termination of the truce had been given, and General Sherman
prepared to move at once against his enemy. At 9:30 a. m., April
25, Ward's division moved west upon the Aven's Ferry road or
Fayetteville pike to Holly Springs, fourteen miles. In the mean time
General Johnston asked for another conference, and on the 26th
final terms were agreed upon at Bennett's house; and an agreement,
which General Johnston, to soften the blow, explained to his troops
was a convention and not a surrender, was signed. This included
aU the Confederate troops in Georgia and Florida also, and a
total of 90,000 officers and men were surrendered to the United
States. The terms of surrender having been arranged, the troops returned
to Raleigh on the 28th. General Grant returned to WasMngton
on the 27th. He had performed an unpleasant duty with tact and
without interrupting the warm friendship which existed between
General Sherman and Mmself, and had secured the surrender of
the principal armies of the Confederacy. General Sherman called
all his army and corps commanders together on the 28th, explained
his plans, and gave orders for future movements. He dhected
General Schofield's army and the cavalry to remain in North Caro
Una. The right and left wings were directed to march by easy
stages on parallel roads to Richmond, and there await further orders.
The Twentieth Corps reached its old camp at Raleigh on the evening

212 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
of April 25, and the last campaign was ended. It now only remained
to prepare for the homeward march.
Having given his armies marcMng orders, General Sherman
took his departure for the South to inspect the captured cities of
Charleston and Savannah, and to arrange details for the good order
and safety of the people now about to receive their defeated
veterans. Preparations for the homeward march began at once. All
ammunition was turned over to the ordnance officers except twenty-
five rounds per man. The wagons were loaded for a march of
twenty days, and on April 30 the march began. The columns
moved, having the Seventeenth Corps on the right, the Fifteenth,
Twentieth, and Fourteenth in order from right to left as named.
The orders prescribed easy marches, but there was a good deal of
emulation among the division commanders, and the Mst week was
marked by longer and harder marches than was really necessary.
Leaving the camp near the Insane Asylum on Sunday, April 30, at
7:30 A. m., Ward's division marched in rear of the corps and reached
the Neuse River at Manteo's Paper Mill at 8:30 p. m., covering
twelve miles. The bridge was rickety, and broke with Geary's
trains, and the division camped on the south side. On May 1 the
Neuse was passed, and in the afternoon the Tar River at Dickerson's
Bridge. Having made twenty miles, camp was made at 8:30 p. m.
May 2 the division covered sixteen miles, marching via Salem Church,
and went into camp at 6 p. m. May 3 the march covered twenty-
two miles, crossing the Roanoke at Taylor's Ferry upon a double
pontoon. May 4 the division marched nineteen and one-half miles,
tMough WiUiamsborough, crossing the Meherrin River at Saffold's
Bridge, and camped at 3:30 p. m. May 5 the route crossed the
Nottaway River, and being in the advance, the division made nine
teen mUes and camped at 3 :30 p. m. On May 6 the division marched
fifteen miles, reaching Blacks and WMtes Station on the South
Side RaUroad, and camped at 1 p. m. On May 7, Sunday, the
divisions having the advance marched at 4:30 a. m. and, having
crossed the Appomatox River upon pontoons, camped at Clover
HiU Coal Mines, having marched sixteen miles. May 8 a march of
thirteen miles brought the command to camp about five miles from

William E. Childs
First Lieutenant, Company H

Thomas C Taylor
Bugler, Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, Co. D

i86s] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 313
Manchester, a suburb of Richmond, at noon. On May 9 the division
moved two miles nearer Richmond and bivouacked.
Major-General HaUeck had, on April 22, been placed in com
mand of the Military Division of the James, with headquarters at
Richmond, and upon the arrival of General Sherman's armies gave
orders for a march in review as the Western armies passed through
Richmond. He wrote General Sherman on May 8, asking him to
stop at his headquarters, where he would provide rooms for his aides
as well. General Sherman had seen a telegram of date April 26, from
General Halleck to the Secretary of War, in which General Halleck
advised the Secretary that he had given orders to Generals Meade,
Sheridan, and Wright not to obey any orders from General Sherman
and to disregard the truce. General Sherman was outraged at the
undue haste exhibited by General Halleck to take action that would
discredit him in the eyes of the whole nation, and replied, declining
the invitation in emphatic terms, saying he would march with his
troops, and preferred they should not meet. General Halleck re
pUed, disclaiming any intention of offence, but the angry general
refused to be placated, and countermanded the orders for review.
At 10 a. m., May n, the corps left its bivouac near Manchester
and marched in triumph tMough the capital of the Confederacy.
General Devens of the Twenty-fourth Corps turned out his command
as the corps passed Manchester and did honor to the marching
column. He had at Chancellorsville commanded the Second Divis
ion of the Eleventh Corps, and was known to many of the Twentieth
Corps who had taken part in that battle. The march through the
Rebel capital was a memorable one for the regiments of the Third
Brigade. Two years ago we had threatened it from the north, and
now, after many weary marches and toilsome campaigns, our reward
had come. The triumphant columns, attended by cheering crowds
of wMtes and blacks, passed Capitol Hill, and for a brief moment
the arms, as if in review, came down from a "right shoulder" to a
"shoulder" when passing the equestrian statue of Washington, doing
honor to the Father of his Country; passed Jefferson Davis's White
House, now deserted; passed the prisons of Castle Thunder, Libby
Prison, and Belle Isle, and, marching north, encamped at 6 p. m.
on Brook Creek, four miles from Capitol Hill, on ground made

214 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
Mstoric by General Kilpatrick when he trained his guns on Rich
mond in 1862. We bad marched ten miles from our bivouac.
The march of the 12th was only eight miles, through the CMck-
ahominy swamps and crossing the river of that name. From here
the country was all historic, almost a succession of names made
famiUar by daily reports of marches, skirmishes, and battles for all
the four years of the war. Saturday's march of sixteen miles took
the command through Ashland, and after crossing the South Anna
and New Found rivers, we camped at 5 p. m. On Sunday, the 14th,
a march of mneteen miles brought us over the Virginia Central
Raihoad and the North Anna River at Anderson Bridge, to camp
at 6 p. m. Monday, the 15th, the command covered nineteen miles
to famiUar grounds, as we passed through Spottsylvania Court
House and into the tangled Wilderness region. We crossed the
Ta, Po, and Ny rivers and camped at iU-fated Chancellorsville.
Our comrades of the Fourteenth Corps examined the ground with
the interest of soldiers and commented freely as the veterans of
ChanceUorsviUe piloted them to the points of interest and pointed
out the positions of the contending armies. No member of the old
Eleventh blushed for his corps. Theh record in the past two years
had been proof of theh quahty, and that the errors of that field were
not those of the rank and file. Our march of the 16th stiU north
covered twenty-two miles, over the Rappahannock at United States
Ford, to camp on ground familiar to those who made that horrible
journey in rain and mire after the battle. Some of them, too, remem
bered all too vividly a long train of army wagons fiUed with groamng
men, who endured the torture of the corduroy road all night, till
dawn brought rest and the ministrations of the sanitary camp. We
dined at Hartwood Church just as when we had marched from
Brooke Station in 1863; then moved north to Town Creek and
camp at 7:30 p. m. May 17 in our seventeen miles we passed camp
grounds and places familiar in our mouths as household words.
Catlett Station, Brentsville, Kettle Run, and Broad Run recalled
memories of the early summer of 1863, and the expedition under
Colonel Buschbeck after a raihoad train, besides a hundred simUar
incidents. Friday, the 18th, we passed just east of Centreville,
and after a march of twenty miles camped at Fairfax Station.

i86s] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 215
The march reminded aU of Bull Run Second and of the Gettysburg
campaign, which for us began on tMs route. A short march of nine
miles on Saturday, the 19th, and we had reached Fairfax Seminary,
four miles west of Alexandria. Our march of twenty days from
Raleigh had covered 286 mUes.
General Sherman reached his camp near Alexandria on the 19th,
and announced his arrival in a note to General Grant's chief of
staff, so characteristic as to be worth preserving:
Headquarters MiUtary Division of the Mississippi. Camp near Alexandria,
May 29, 1863.
General John A. Rawlins,
Chief of Staff, Washington, D. C
General: I have the honor to report my arrival at camp near the Washington road,
three miles north of Alexandria. AH of my army should be in camp here to
day. I have seen the order for the review in the papers, but Colonel Sawyer says
it is not here in official form. I am old-fashioned and prefer to see orders
through some other channel, but if that be the new fashion, so be it. I wiU be
aU ready by Wednesday, though in the rough. Troops have not been paid for
eight or ten months, and clothing may be bad, but a better set of legs and arms
cannot be displayed on this continent. Send me all orders and letters you may
have for me, and let some one newspaper know that the vandal Sherman is en
camped near the canal bridge, half-way between the Long Bridge and Alexan
dria, to the west of the road, where his friends, if any, can find him. Though
in disgrace, he is untamed and unconquered. As ever your friend,
W. T. Sherman, Major-General.
From May 20 to 23, inclusive, the four corps of Sherman's army
rested and prepared for the Grand Review, which had been ordered
for May 24. The Army of the Potomac marched in review on the
23d. Many members of the Western army visited Washington and
enjoyed, as only soldiers can, the pomp and magmficence of a weU-
driUed and weU-appointed army displaying the resources and strength
of a great country.
The 24th day of May, 1865, was one memorable forever in the
Mstory of Sherman's armies. Leaving camp at an early hour, the
sinuous Une marched over ArUngton Heights, from wMch elevation

216 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
many saw the Capitol for the Mst time, crossed the Long Bridge,
and at last passed out of Secession's domain. The head of the
column passed around the Capitol, and foUowing the General and
Ms staff, entered Pennsylvania Avenue at exactly 9 a. m. Dense
masses of spectators filled doorways, windows, balconies, and every
available place of observation. They gazed with curious and admir
ing eyes at General Sherman as he rode at the head of Ms command,
and after he had passed, at his scarred and war-worn legions,
remembering their record of heroic service, their march of 2,000
miles from the Mississippi to the Potomac, their bloody battles
recorded on the tattered banners now flung proudly to the breeze.
For six and a half hours the avenue, from the Capitol to the Presi
dent's House, heard the steady tramp of regiments, brigades, divisions,
and corps, till 70,000 veterans had passed by, rejoicing with the
wildly enthusiastic crowds in their great and final triumph. Proudly
the veterans of the Fifty-Fifth received the greetings of their OMo
friends as they displayed the blue banner of the State and the faded
and tom colors of the Umon, inscribed with the names of more
than twenty great battles and marches, from FrankUn and Bull Run
to Averasborough and BentonviUe. Their umforms were faded,
but theh arms were bright, and their free and vigorous swing and
the uniformity of motion which distinguished the enthe column,
told a tale of disciphne and drill hardly expected of "Sherman's
Bummers." The rear of each division, too, afforded interest and
amusement; for the army was not only marching in review, it was
changing its camp, and as the pack animals appeared carrying their
accustomed load of camp-kettles and frying-pans, neatly stored, and
bearing aloft a pet dog or a rooster, a 'possum or a negro boy, the
mascot for the command, cheers and laughter foUowed the sight.
In its turn each regiment of the brigade — the Fifty-Fifth Ohio, the
Seventy-third OMo, Thhty-third Massachusetts, Twenty-sixth Wis
consin, Twentieth Connecticut, and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth
New York — dipped its colors before the President, General Grant,
General Sherman, Generals Logan and Slocum, and a host of digni
taries, both home and foreign, who stood on the reviewing platform
before the President's house.

i86s] THE LAST CAMPAIGN 217
After passing the reviewing stand, the corps took up its Une of
march to a new camp-ground on the north, near Fort Lincoln, on
the Anacostia River. The day's march had been twelve miles, and
most welcome was the camp by the cool stream after a fatiguing
tramp over the unyielding cobblestones of the streets of WasMngton.

THE MUSTER-OUT
WMle encamped in the environs of WasMngton, the orgamza-
tion of the Twentieth Corps was discontinued. The veteran regi
ments were orgamzed into a provisional division and, under command
of General A. S. WiUiams, were attached to the Fourteenth Corps,
wMch was then commanded by General Jefferson C. Davis.
The OMo regiments were brigaded under General J. S. Robinson;
the brigade comprised the Fifty-Fifth, Sixty-sixth, Seventy-tMrd,
and Eighty-second regiments of infantry; and on June 15 it left
WasMngton for LoMsviUe and final discharge.
The brigade left WasMngton late in the afternoon by the Balti
more and OMo Raihoad, and notwithstanding an hour's delay at
Cumberland in the mormng, reached Parkersburg in good time by
dayUght of the second day. From Parkersburg the command
traveled by steamer to LouisviUe — an uneventful journey. The
steamer tied up for the night near GaMpolis; and in the mormng,
as the OMo towns were passed, the soldiers crowded to the OMo
side of the boat, cheering the grateful throngs who crowded the banks
and waved their salutes. Guards had to be stationed along the
center of the deck to keep the boat on an even keel. Cincinnati
was passed on the afternoon of the 19th, and LoMsviUe was reached
about 10 a. m. of the 20th.
The division was marched to camp at Speed's Plantation about
tMee mUes east of the city on the Bardstown pike, where great trees
afforded a welcome shade, and the work of preparing the final rolls
was taken in hand.
On July 4 the command paraded in honor of the day, and also
to welcome General Sherman, who came to bid the veterans of the
Twentieth Corps a final adieu. It was an intensely hot day, and
some men gave out under the strain.

218 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
The remnant of the corps was drawn up in mass at the foot of
a sUght elevation, from the summit of wMch the General gave us
his last word as our commander. No one who heard Ms somewhat
low, but resonant, voice can ever forget the emotions wMch were
expressed in his simple but forceful words; sorrow for the heroic
dead, sympathy for the broken and disabled, and joyful congrat
ulations for the^Uving who had done so much to redeem and to save
the Umon. He frankly told that portion of the corps wMch had
come to Ms command from the Eastern Army of his lack of complete
confidence in it at Mst in its abiUty to meet the assaults of our vaUant
enemy; but he said that after Resaca, and New Hope Church, and
especiaUy after Peach Tree Creek, Ms confidence was completely
gained, and he never afterwards hesitated to rely on the Twentieth
Corps as completely as he did on the Fifteenth Corps, and he could
say no more than that. He recited the Mstory of the corps under
his command, and gave it Ms warmest commendation. With sincere
words he counselled the men to equal in civU Ufe the record wMch
they had made as soldiers; and with Ms best wishes for our welfare
he gave us Ms blessing and fareweU.
On July 11 the roUs were completed and, the regiment was mus
tered out of service. It was ordered to Cleveland for pay and final
rendezvous. On July 12 we left camp at Louisville, and were
separated from the Seventy-third Ohio Infantry, with wMch we had
been brigaded for nearly four years. The Seventy-third was drawn
up in Une, and as the Fifty-Fifth marched past both regiments gave
tMee cheers as a final salute to each other. The journey to Cleveland
was by steamer as far as Cincinnati, and thence by train ; and on the
fair grounds, southeast of the business portion of the city, our final
camp was made. Some days were occupied in preparing pay-rolls,
but at last the demands of red tape were satisfied, and, having been
paid in fuU, on July 20, about noon, the regiment was drawn up in
Une for the final command. The names of more than 500 officers
and men were on the roUs, but absences on sick leave, in hospital,
and on detached service had reduced the number of fit for duty;
only 298 officers and men remained of the 1,384 who had at one
time or another been counted as members of the regiment.

Company H, Mess
Tittle Armstrong Watson Negele Holtz Gittinger Pool Bever McLaughlin Burket Boroff
Lt.-Col. Stevens _Dudrow

i86s] \THE LAST CAMPAIGN 219
Colonel E. H. Powers made a short address, as foUows:
"Officers and soldiers of the F.fty-Fifth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry:
The hour has come when this regiment is to disband, and its members to return
to civil Ufe. Its history as an organization is completed. When you break
ranks now, there wiU be no longer a Fifty-Fifth Regiment in existence. You
will then, each and aU, be private citizens of this great nation which you did so
much to preserve from destruction. Let it be the proud aim of every member
of this grand regiment to return to civil Ufe better prepared, if need be, to dis
charge the duties of citizenship than before joining the army, because the
sacrifices made' to preserve our Uberties have been so great that we are better
fitted to properly appreciate their value.
"The Fifty-Fifth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry is one that Ohio may
weU be proud of. It participated in many of the great battles of the war,
and scores of smaller engagements, as weU as in some of the severest marches.
It was many times on short rations; but notwithstanding its great loss of Ufe
in killed and died of wounds, its loss by disease and the hardships of camp-Ufe
was very small — the percentage of desertions much less than is ordinarily the
case in regiments that see such hard service.
"It was the Fifty-Fifth's great privilege to serve at the front^during four years
of as hard fighting as this world has ever seen, and that service was rendered
cheerfuUy and loyaUy. We soldiered in the Eastern Army two years, and in
the Western Army two years, and in both were always at the front, and we
know what active campaigning means. We can proudly point to our record of
deeds weU done. Many of our brave comrades — Colonel Gambee, officers,
and men — have given their Uves to perpetuate our glorious Union, while we
have been graciously spared. Let us keep their memories green; and as we
return to our several homes, let us show to our neighbors and the world that
patriotic citizen-soldiers are not necessarily demoraUzed and unfit for the
ordinary avocations of Ufe by war's desolations.
"With these parting words I now declare the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Veteran Vol
unteer Infantry disbanded."
There was a moment's pause, the company officers gave the
command "Break ranks!" — and the long term of patriotic service
was ended. The members of the regiment hastened to join their
friends, some of whom had come to Cleveland to see the final cere
mony, and others of whom had gone to seek them at theh homes,
where many a joyful reumon took place.
The members of the Fifty-Fifth OMo were strongly attached to
each other, as might well be expected; and as these Unes are penned
it is worthy of record that for thirty-mne consecutive years the

220 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [1865
regimental association has held annual reumons, wMch have been
largely attended. On September 20 and 21, 1904, at BeUevue, O.,
one hundred and twelve survivors of the regiment met to dedi
cate a monument to Colonel Gambee, a Uke tribute to Colonel Lee
having been erected at Tiffin, O., in 1898.
It has not been possible in a simple record of this kind to do
justice to the loyalty, courage, and endurance which marked the
Mstory of tMs command ; but as its members one by one pass beyond
the veil they will leave a record of duty faithfully performed as a
precious legacy to generations yet unborn who may read hereafter
of the Trials and the Triumphs of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer
Infantry.

CHAPTER XIII
WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR
By Charlotte Wooster Boalt
WHEN the nation was at war, the business of carrying on the
war was paramount. We aU went into that business, even
we women, our part being to find and forward the tMngs necessary
to the comfort of the soldiers in the field, and to add to that comfort
by lookmg after their famUies wherever there was need. At the
very beginmng, every woman foresaw that there would be dire need
of comfort. Our soldiers were not out of first camps when our
women — almost aU of them — aU over the North, in every hamlet,
town, or city, were orgamzed into the great Army of Aid. The
caU did not come to one woman alone, and then from her to the rest
of us — we all had the call. If one voiced it, it was simply to make
a raUying point. We took up our scissors, thimbles, needles, tiiread,
our jellies and household stores, and flocked to those points, hundreds
of thousands strong. April 19, 1861, — four days after President
Lincoln's Mst caU for troops, — the ladies of Cleveland pubUshed a
caU for a general meeting next day. The haU was fuU, and they
orgamzed and went to work.
Thirty-five years ago, 1869, some one wrote about that begin
mng, some one who still felt the sthrings of heart of 1861 and whose
memory was fresh and true: "There were flushed faces aglow with
exalted feeUng, troubled brows shaded by vague apprehension,
grave countenances pale with nameless forebodings, eyes that
sparkled with excitement, and eyes with a startled outlook, or dim
with gathering tears."
The same tMng was going on all over the land. Down in Huron
County, in dear old Norwalk, the same caU came, was heard, and
obeyed. The same excitement, startled outlook, forebodings, tears,
were there; and there, too, was the same determination to work.
Out from those maple-shaded homes flocked the best women who
ever Uved, in obedience to that call.

222 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
I quote from a Mstory written by Mrs. H. S. Mitchell twenty-
three years ago, in 1881, when memory was stiU fresh and true:
"Women took but Uttle time to weep for the loved one gone
to the front. Not five days after President Lincoln's caU for troops,
mothers, wives, and sisters were banded together, eagerly inquiring
what there was for them to do."
The first orgamzation in Norwalk was in 186 1. At first it was
composed of both sexes, the part of the gentlemen being to furnish
the money by quarterly subscriptions, the Mst installment of which
is dated May 18, 1861. The officers were:
President  Charles B. Stickney.
Secretary  J. C. Curtis.
Treasurer  David H. Pease.
f Mrs. G. G. Baker.
I Mrs. J. W. Baker.
Board of Directors  { Mrs. O. Jenney.
Mrs. C. E. Pennewell.
Mrs. S. T. Worcester.
Owing to the perplexing, harassing conditions of all business,
sure to come in war times, the gentlemen found difficulty in doing
their part of the work, namely, collecting the quarterly subscriptions.
Therefore, in August, 1862, the Alert Club, an orgaMzation of
young women and ghls — mostly girls — was formed for the purpose
of collecting funds, and in November of the same year all the offices
of the Aid Society were transferred to the ladies. The officers,
after said transfer, were as follows:
President  Mrs. J. M. Farr.
,,. -r, ¦ , . j Mrs. W. O. Barker.
Vice-Presidents  < „ , „„„
( Mrs. C. E. Pennewell.
Secretary  Mrs. M. A. Corwin.
Treasurer  Mrs. N. S. Moulton.
Other and later presidents were Mrs. C. Gallup and Mrs. John
F. Dewey. Another vice-president was Mrs. E. E. Husted. Another
treasurer, Mrs. F. Sawyer.

Mrs. Samuel T. Worcester

Mrs. Lizzie H. Farr

Mrs. Henry M. Wooster

WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR 223
The officers of the Alert Club were:
President  Mrs. S. T. Worcester.
Secretary  Miss Lizzie Gallup.
( Miss Mary Graves.
Treasurers  ¦] Miss Lucy Preston.
( Mrs. T. W. Christian.
t,. ( Miss S. Rowland.
Directresses   , „ ,. „ TT _
' Miss C. H. Jenney.
Collectors  The Whole Society.
Later a new office — that of recorder — was created, and Miss
S. C. Mason was elected thereto. Later, also, there were vice-
presidents, Mrs. T. W. CMistian and Miss S. Rowland. Mary
Wickham was made corresponding secretary, and later Mrs.
William CUne became treasurer.
November 27, 1863, a new society, called the Norwalk Union,
was organized, of which the officers were :

Vice-Presidents  j

President  Mrs. Henry M. Wooster.
Mrs. Eli Peters.
Miss Mary Ann Watson.
Secretary  Mrs. J. M. Farr.
Treasurer  Mrs. D. W. Newton.
[Mrs. D. H. Pease.
Mrs. E. Peters.

Finance Committee ... ,
] Mrs. T. Tilton
I^Miss C. H. Jenney.
In the records of the Norwalk Union Society is found the follow
ing: "July 10, 1863, the President reported as having received from
the BeeMve (CMldren's Aid) Society $21.98, as one share in their
Fourth of July Festival. We take pleasure in acknowledging it,
and also in commending the energy and industry of the little girls."
Also: "August 11, 1863, quite a number of little girls came in and
industriously hemmed handkercMefs, notwithstanding the extremely
uncomfortable state of the weather."

224 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
The work of these societies, as shown m figures of the Norwalk
Soldiers' Aid Society, is as foUows:
Total money raised  $3,455.94
Total money disbursed  3,385.94
The balance, $70.00, was given to help to found the Young
Men's Library. The stores, sent out before the transfer of offices
to the ladies, were not counted or valued, but they were known to
be creditable. After the transfer, 225 barrels, boxes, or kegs were
sent forward.
The Alert Club records show:
Total money raised and disbursed  $3,932.93
They sent forward 37 boxes, barrels, or kegs. They gave after
the war was over $900.00 to the Young Men's Library. (This is
included, I suppose, in above disbursements.)
The Norwalk Union, for the eighteen months of its existence,
reported :
Total money raised and disbursed  $1,860.41
Total value of stores (200 boxes)  1,000.00
The society at the close of the war distributed the money on hand
as foUows: Columbus Soldiers' Home  $100.00
Umon Commission, New York  100.00
Cleveland Soldiers' Home  50.00
Young Men's Library, Norwalk  80.00

$330.00
(This is included in above disbursement of $1,860.41.)
There were mistakes, of course. The government made them;
the army made them; why shouldn't we ?
The Mst mistake of record was Havelocks. We sewed our Mst
beautiful enthusiasm into expensive, stiff white linen, resulting in
bonnets that our soldier boys thought very funny, played pranks
in, and then threw away — hundreds of thousands of Havelocks.
The next notable mistake was Canned Chicken. "CMcken had

WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR 225
been prescribed for the soldier boys, and chicken they should have,"
says the Cleveland historian. The whole army of women went to
kilUng and canning poultry. Then the "bouquet de concentrated
cMcken" began to fill the Aid rooms. "Business meetings were
conducted with great gravity, each member holding a saucer of
disinfectant under her nose." The Norwalk historian says they
"smelled to Heaven." And another, Mrs. D. H. Pease, writing
only the other day, says, "My standard may be low in the smelling
Une, but the fragrance of that canned chicken, which came in from
the country to be packed, has been with me, lo, these forty
years." I quote again from the Norwalk historian, Mrs. H. S. Mitchell:
"Great roUs of bandages and lint, prepared by loving and un
skillful hands, in every way but the right one at first, were embalmed
in tears and sent on their errand of mercy. Barrels of dry toast,
which became sour and mouldy, or were ground to powder in trans
portation, were shipped by fastest freight. Had the kind sugges
tion of one wise lady among us been heeded, the novel spectacle
would have been presented of long freight trains on their way to
the seat of war, loaded with umbrellas.
"But the days of experiment passed at last, and the Soldiers'
Aid Societies settled down to five years' steady, systematic work,
as surprising as it was gratifying in its immense results. Nothing
was too precious to be sent where the most precious had gone before."
Steady? Systematic? I should say so. The Alert Club, for
example, sixty in number, immediately revived the gentlemen's
quarterly subscriptions and coUected the money. They estabUshed
a monthly subscription list for everybody in town, as low as a penny
a week, if I remember rightly, from those who could not give more,
and then went regularly after it. They divided the town into dis
tricts, two girls to a district, and then they trudged miles every
month, rain or shine, cold or heat, after those pennies. Result, the
first year, $824.75. Steady ? Systematic ? Surely.
One day into Norwalk rooms came a pile of costly, beautiful,
unimpaired linen sheets, a part of the marriage outfit of the mother
sending them. They were for the Boy in Blue, of whom her boy
was image and representative. And so it was with everything and

226 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
every one. The most precious having gone to the front, the irresist
ible impulse was to send everything that was valuable after them.
Women gave up even precious old prejudices, and of these they
were the cheerfulest kind of givers. I quote from an old secretary
book, in which were recorded the minutes of meetings:
"July 21, 1863. Dr. Read has returned from NashviUe. He
makes a piteous appeal for tobacco for the men; speaks of their
self-demal to get a small quantity for a single day; of men crawling
out of trenches in the face of the enemy to procure a certain kind of
moss they had discovered.
"Our good friend, Mrs. Boalt, to whom I told this, says: 'Our
boys must have what they want, no matter what.' I am very much
of her opinion. When the lack of an accustomed article interferes
with their health, strength, and courage, it is no time to cure the
bad habit. And if our boys fight our battles, undergoing every
privation, we, at ease at home, have no right to deny them every
thing that adds to their few comforts."
Under date July 28, 1863, the minutes record a discussion indi
cating that the children wanted their gift (hereinbefore mentioned
as part of proceeds from a Fourth of July Festival) appropriated
for tobacco, and to this was added: "The ladies had become so
much interested in the tobacco question, as well as the children,
that it was finally decided to appropriate that (the children's gift),
and a sum not to exceed fifty dollars, for the purpose of supplying
tobacco to the Fifty-Fifth and One Hundred and First regiments."
Then under date of August 4, 1863, we read: "We also sent
to the same regiments, to the Fifty-Fifth 135 pounds of tobacco,
and to the One Hundred and First 100 pounds, there being about
200 men in the latter regiment and 300 in the former."
We had fairs, festivals, and shows without end in those days,
and we spent our money, ate, drank, danced, and gazed unweariedly.
The sounds of fair, festival, show, the bustle and the buzz, the
music and the murmurs of appreciation, were aU in harmony with
one umversal deep emotion that moved in all our souls. Adoration
of the heroism down in Dixie, an emotion that was a theme of music
running through all those times, every thought, word, and deed
being set to it.

WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR 227
"Smiles and tears," says the Norwalk historian, "grew very close
together in those days, and, as we look back upon the time, we
wonder that the acMng, anxious hearts could, even for a few moments,
have been so charmed into forgetfulness."
But so it was. We were so charmed; but, though outwardly
forgetful, accompanying everything all along was the deep-toned
harmony I have spoken of, adoration of the heroism down in Dixie,
that never left us. < '•¦} i-}i$
"And now began an era," continues the historian, "of cake and
ice cream. The frigid luxury was made away with in quantities
which seemed to set all rules of health at defiance. Gallons upon
gaUons were, every few weeks, concocted in Mrs. Wickham's
hospitable kitchen, and eaten in old Whittlesey for the good of
the cause."
And then came the tableaux, the "Thousand and one nights"
of entrancement, the deep-toned harmony I have spoken of running
through everything the orchestra played and associating itself with
all the pictures.
"And such dramatic talent," says Mrs. Mitchell, "as those days
developed! Stars of the Mst magnitude burst suddenly upon the
astonished gaze of admiring friends. Statuary that the most eminent
sculptor might sigh in vain to equal, night after night charmed the
gaze of multitudes, who were glad even to find standing room in the
densely packed hall. At the very name of 'Night of Oppression
and Dawn of Liberty,' who does. not see the curtain rising to soft,
sweet music as the fair-haired angel comes floating gently down, to
the intense dehght of a breathless audience ? The magnificence of
'Belshazzar's Feast,' the quaint attractions of 'The Cotter's Saturday
Night,' the lovely dream of 'Abou Ben Adhem,' the unspeakable
horrors of 'Blue Beard's Chamber,' or 'Witch of Endor's Cave' —
are they not pictures still to memory dear?"
Indeed they are. Over forty years again come the sights, the
sounds, and the old harmony of adoration of heroism that moved
the soul so constantly in the sixties. And among the sounds is
that of laughter when the machinery, by which the fair-haired angel
(Mary Wickham, I think) floated downward, stuck midway; and I
hear again the voice of Miss Lila Yale reading "The Cotter's Saturday

228 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Night," and that of Oscar E. KeUogg tomng impressively our
favorite, "Abou Ben Adhem."
Smiles and tears are very close together still. The curtain is
down, the Ughts are out, but we remember. And the music of
adoration of heroism is deeper, more solemn, more sweet, for the
heroes are fast going over to the Immortals.
I have spoken of women's part in the war as part of its business.
And it was business; it constantly engaged us, and it was exacting.
Every day, aU day, those women were at their posts. This
business dominated them, and would not even "let their reUgious
hours alone." Said Mrs. Farr, one Sunday, "I couldn't tMnk of a
tMng in church to-day but potatoes." Scurvy was making trouble
down in the army. Pickles of all sorts, especially artichokes and
omons, had been hurried to the front. The materials for pickles
were giving out. Word had come that pickled potatoes were next
to artichokes in merit, and so the country for miles around had been
canvassed for potatoes. The farmers had promised liberally.
Mrs. Farr, looking intently at the preacher, Dr. Newton, was
tMnkmg about those farmers. Would they come as they were ex
pected, on the morrow ? And how many potatoes would they bring ?
And how could she best and most quickly distribute them among
the housekeepers for pickling, and how best regather, barrel, and
sMp them ? She went over and over in her mind aU the busy days
of the week before her, for "those soldiers must have those pickled
potatoes, and must have them quick." Potatoes, potatoes, potatoes !
They were hymn and prayer and sermon that Sunday to her.
The farmers came. I can remember the teams and teams, and
the bushels and bushels. I hear again their hearty words of cheer,
and their laughter of gladness that they could bring the soldiers so
much. I don't know how many potatoes went. But I do know
that over 1,000 gaUons of "chopped pickle" went from the Norwalk
Umon one summer.
Says Mrs. Pease, once before quoted:
"If any of the faithful show signs of being stoop-shouldered,
I tMnk we can lay it in part to doubling up in those flour barrels
in wMch we packed our army stores. It was a long time before I
could pass one without taking its measurement."

WOMEN'S WORK DURING THE WAR 229
I fancy it was a long time before we could accustom ourselves —
when the war was over — to our ways of life before the war. Indeed,
some things have never left us. Women found out then what they
could do, especially if organized. And although orgamzation may
be carried too far, the knowledge of the usefulness of allied woman
hood dates from 1861.
And now the total results in dollars and cents. The three
Norwalk societies gave:
Money  $9,249.28
Stores (a very incomplete estimate)  2,310.00

$11,559.28

The Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, headquarters at
Cleveland, had as its allies 321 societies in eighteen counties of
northeastern Ohio. Norwalk societies early arranged to sMp
tMough the Cleveland society, which greatly facihtated the move
ment of goods to their purpose and destination. The reports of
tMs Aid Society of Northern Ohio do not include the reports of these
branch orgamza tions.
The money and army stores reported by the Cleveland officers
were of their own gathering; but the fact that all northern Ohio
contributed makes it proper to present the summing of their reports
here: Money from April 20, 1861, to January 1, 1869  $170,942.17
Supplies from April 20, 1861, to January 1, 1869  982,481.25

$1, 153*423.42

If all the summaries of all the societies could be brought together
and added, we could have, in dollars and cents, the value of the
women^in the business of war, and it might reach far over the miUion
mark. But nowhere — except in the memories that shall speak only
at the Last Day, when aU the summaries shall be given — is it
known exactly what the women did.

CHAPTER XIV
SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS
By Lieutenant-Colonel Charles P. Wickham
IN the spring of 1861, when it became apparent that the real
purpose of the Southern conspirators was the destruction of the
Umon, and not alone the conservation of the institution of slavery,
the iron entered the soul of the North, and its patriotic people re
solved that, come what would, the rebellion should be crushed. To
that end the great North became almost literally a military camp.
From farm, and shop, and office, the youth of the land hastened to
enroll themselves in the service of their country. This situation was
brought about largely by the efforts of patriotic men who were too
old to enUst, but who could aid the great cause by the use of voice,
pen, and influence. When the Fifty-Fifth Regiment was orgamzed
such friends of the cause were not wanting. There were many who
lent their aid, but, for want of space, only a few can be referred
to. Judge Samuel T. Worcester, Charles L. Boalt, and Judge Fred
erick Wickham were among those who, by their influence and ener
getic efforts, rendered great assistance in bringing about the rapid
and successful orgamzation of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment.
Judge Samuel T. Worcester was born in the family homestead
in Hollis, New Hampshire, which had been occupied by his ancestors
for three generations at least; by his great-grandfather, Rev. Francis
Worcester, his grandfather, Captain Noah Worcester, and his
father, Jesse Worcester. He was the thirteenth child of a family
consisting of mne sons and six daughters. He early exhibited
a taste for literary pursuits. He graduated from Harvard Col
lege, with honors, in 1830. He removed to Norwalk in 1834,
where he was admitted to practice in the OMo courts in 1835. Here
he practiced law most successfully, until his removal to New Hamp-
sMre, in 1867, attaining an exalted position in his profession. He
was a member of the Ohio Senate during the years 1848-50. He
230

Hon. Samuel T. Worcester

Charles L. Boalt

-;

""•i

Frederick Wickham

SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 231
was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in October, 1858.
In the spring of 1861 he was elected Representative in Congress to
fill the vacancy occasioned by the elevation of John Sherman to the
United States Senate, to accept which he resigned the office of judge.
He served during the remainder of the term. He was greatly inter
ested in the improvement and support of common schools, and while
in the Legislature was the author of a law "for the support and better
regulation of the public schools in cities and towns," which was the
foundation of our present admirable system of graded schools.
He was always deeply interested in poUtical questions, intensely
patriotic, and profoundly hated the system of negro slavery existing
in the South before the war. In Congress and at home he did all
he could to strengthen the hands of the government in the War of
the Rebelhon. He took a lively interest in the enlistment and organ
ization of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment, by his word and active influence
encouraging its formation and advancement. He was a man of the
highest character, and one against whose reputation as a man of
honor and uprightness no word was ever heard. He was a religious
man, having the most profound reverence for God, sincere gratitude
for His providence and mercies, a true love for His character, and a
deep sense of accountability to Him.
In 1835 he was married to Miss Mary F. C. Wales, of Stoughton,
Mass., who died at HoUis, New Hampshire, in the spring of 1874.
Judge Worcester departed this life December 6, 1882.
Charles Leicester Boalt was the second son of Captain John
and Ruth Lockwood Boalt, emigrants from Norwalk, Connecticut,
to Norwalk, Ohio, who had been "sufferers" during the Revolu
tionary War by reason of the burmng of Norwalk, Connecticut, by
the British, the destruction of which was so extensive as to leave
oMy five houses to mark the site of the pretty village. The family
availed themselves of the land bounty offered them by the Western
Reserve Firelands Association, and left relatives and home for a
pioneer life. At that early day the perils and dangers of such a
journey were great. A prayer-meeting was held at the old home
stead before the family left, at wMch every blessing imaginable was
petitioned for, to lighten the privations and anxieties of the journey.

232 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Charles was about ten years old when the family reached their land
in Norwalk, part of wMch now constitutes beautiful Woodlawn Cem
etery. In after years Mr. Boalt recalled with great pride Ms share in
planting the noble trees, many of which now adorn those beautiful
grounds. Mr. Boalt's early years were filled with struggle, industry,
and energy, traits so strong and enduring as to carry the boy tMough
many trials. Working diligently through the day he secured, by
studying nights, a respectable knowledge of letters. Schools were
few and far between; wild ammals and Indians were plenty. In
Ms 'teens he began teaching school, and secured, through his own
efforts, an excellent knowledge of Latin. His pecuUar traits of char
acter were observed by aU his friends. No trouble was too great to
secure his objects, and no labor was too severe to secure Ms ends.
He chose law as his profession, and entered the law office of his
brother-in-law, Judge Ebenezer Lane, for preparation. In 1827,
when twenty-five years of age, he was admitted to the bar. He be
longed to the then so-called second generation of lawyers of the West
ern Reserve. He Mst settled in Marion, Ohio, remaimng there nearly
two years. In 1829 he formed a partnersMp in Columbus with the
elder Judge Parish. The death of his mother calUng Mm to Nor
walk, upon consideration he determined to remain there, where he
secured immediately a large and lucrative practice. In 1854 he
graduaUy withdrew from active practice, and engaged in railroad
and kindred pursuits. His were the heart and brains that insti
tuted and successfully carried tMough the building of the Cleve
land, Norwalk, and Toledo Railroad, placing its bonds, and buying
the rails in England through Baring Brothers. He returned from
Europe to become the Mst president of the company, which position
Be held for several years, being succeeded by another Norwalk gen
tleman, Mr. John Gardiner. Mr. Boalt was retained by eastern
capitaUsts as counsel and collecting attorney, and had many of the
prominent New York, Albany, and Buffalo Mms as chents. In
1864 Mr. Boalt became president of the Sandusky, Mansfield, and
Newark Railroad Company, and was very influential in securing its
lease to the Baltimore and OMo Railroad Company, himself drafting
the lease, wMch resulted in great benefit to both bondholders and
stockholders of the former company. He was a most enthusiastic

SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 233
hunter and angler, and was at one time president of the Winous
Point Shooting Club, whose grounds were located at the head of
Sandusky Bay. Mr. Boalt died August 10, 1870, regretted by all
who knew him. He was a man of strong constitution and vigorous
make up, but an accidental injury two years before his death brought
on Bright's disease, wMch resulted fatally. He filled many positions
of trust, was president of several corporations, and was repeatedly
soUcited to aUow his name to be used for political preferment, but
always repUed: "I cannot afford politics." Of his patriotism it
seems hardly necessary to speak. His sympathies were always on
the alert in this direction. He gave largely for his means, and was
instantly ready to respond when asked to aid the Northern cause
in the Civil War. He gave his permission for his son of mneteen
years to enhst in the eighth regiment of OMo volunteer infantry,
and also for the same son to enlist for the war in the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment. He made pubUc speeches, and urged those men whose
enUstments were thought doubtful, to enhst at once and so help to
save theh country. In a mass convention in WMttlesey Hall, Nor
walk, he declared that, if necessary, he Mmself would enUst and would
shoulder Ms musket and head a company of enlisted men. Forty
years ago Mr. Boalt was of a type of manhood styled "self-made."
His career had been carved out of struggle for and by Mmself. This
he was very proud of, insisting that this free country of America could
stimulate the faculties of boy and man, and foster in him those qual
ities necessary to success.
Judge Frederick Wickham was, at the time the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment was orgamzed, editor and proprietor of the Norwalk Re
flector, a paper wMch was established at Norwalk by Samuel Preston,
father-in-law of Judge Wickham, in the year 1830, and which had
been from that time one of the most influential journals in northern
OMo. Mr. Wickham was born in New York City in 181 2, whence
Ms father removed with his family to Sodus Point, Wayne County,
New York, where the subject of this sketch grew up to manhood.
In 1833, when twenty-one years of age, he came to Norwalk, where
he Uved until Ms death. In 1835 he was married to Lucy B. Preston.
Of this marriage there were born thirteen children, of whom twelve

234 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
grew to maturity, Lieutenant-Colonel C. P. Wickham of the Fifty-
Fifth Regiment being the eldest of the family.
Judge Wickham was a man of strong convictions, of the strictest
integrity, and intensely patriotic. He was, during the life of the
WMg party, an adherent of that party, and after its dissolution he
became an enthusiastic and consistent RepubUcan upon the organi
zation of that party. PersonaUy, and as editor of the Reflector, he
persistently, unceasingly, and ably advocated the principles of the
Repubhcan party, and by all honorable means sought and promoted
its success. He supported President Lincoln in his war policy, and
through the columns of his paper urged and encouraged the organi
zation of regiments under the President's calls. The Fifty-Fifth
Regiment was greatly indebted for its rapid and successful organiza
tion to his patriotic efforts and the encouraging editorials of the
Reflector. He was entitled to be regarded as one of the promoters
of the regiment. Judge Wickham was for several years one of the
associate judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Huron County, as
it was organized under the old constitution. He was a member of
the State Senate in the time of the war, and in Ms later life Mayor of
Norwalk, besides having held other responsible official positions.
He died in January, 1901, in the 89th year of his age, on which occa
sion the city councU of Norwalk, although comprising gentlemen of
opposing politics, unanimously adopted resolutions expressing un-
quaUfiedly theh high appreciation of his character, abilities, and
official conduct.
The Fifty-Fifth Regiment was extremely fortunate in its original
field officers. They were gentlemen of ability, energy, and enthu
siasm. They spared no effort looking toward an early enhstment
of the regimental quota; and after the ranks were full, they proceeded
with great energy and intelligence to instruct both officers and men
in tactics and aU the other essentials of military knowledge. No other
regiment from OMo entered the field better prepared so far as tech
nical knowledge was concerned. The men were systematically and
persistently driUed from four to six hours a day for more than four
months. The Une officers, in order to be prepared for that work,
were nightly instructed in an officers' school, which was held five

SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 235
nights a week during the same period. When the regiment left for
the front, it could be handled in the manual of arms and in company
and regimental tactics with the precision of regulars.
When the regiment left Ohio, its field and staff officers were:
Colonel, John C. Lee; Lieutenant-Colonel, George H. Safford;
Major, Daniel F. De Wolf; Major-Surgeon, Jay Kling; Assistant
Surgeon , Captain Henry K. Spooner ; Quartermaster and Commissary,
Lieutenant R. G. Penmngton; Adjutant, Lieutenant Frank W.
Martin. This was the original field and staff. The regiment, as it
went to the front in all its fine efficiency, was the creature, so to speak,
of their handiwork. All of them had contributed to it by their
energy, ability, unceasing labor, and watchfulness. It was a crea
tion to be proud of, and they were proud of it. The history of the
regiment, thereafter to be written in toil and blood, justified their
hopes. Colonel John C. Lee was born January 7, 1828, in Brown's
TownsMp, Delaware County, Ohio. His ancestors on both sides
were from the North of Ireland. His parents, Hugh Lee and Mary
A. Lee, were natives of Virgima, and came to Ohio soon after their
marriage, settling in Delaware County. The mother died in 1836,
and the father in 1859. The family removed to the town of Dela
ware in 1838. The educational privileges of the son began in a rude
log school-house, and were limited to that until the removal of the
family to Delaware, Ohio, where the way was opened for his prepara
tion for Central College, FrankUn County, where he studied for one
year. Thence he went to Western Reserve College, at Hudson,
Ohio, in 1845, where he was graduated in 1848. Selecting law for
his profession, he entered the office of R. G. Penmngton, of Tiffin,
in 1850, and pursued his reading until July, 1852, when he was
admitted to the bar and became a partner of his tutor whom he soon
succeeded in the practice. Upon the outbreak of the Rebellion in
April, 1861, Mr. Lee surrendered Ms professional business to enter
the military service of the government, enlisting in the Fifty-Fifth
OMo Volunteer Infantry, of which he was appointed Major, October
20, 1861, and was promoted to Colonel, November 28, 1861. At
Moorefield, W. Va., the regiment Mst met the enemy, who were

236 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
defeated and the town taken. After spending the month of March
as a member of a court martial at Charleston, Colonel Lee rejoined
the regiment at Romney. By order of General R. C. Schenck, he
was given command of the district of the South Potomac, and in
May, 1862, marched for the rehef of General MUroy at McDoweU,
took part in the Shenandoah campaign, and was in the battles of
Freeman's Ford, White Sulphur Springs, New Baltimore, New
Market, Thoroughfare Gap, GainesvUle, ChantUly, the Second Bull
Run, and others, in which he bore a part wMch challenged the appro
val of Ms superior officers. At ChanceUorsviUe, in 1863, Colonel
Lee commanded his regiment in a brigade, consisting of the Twenty-
fifth, Fifty-Fifth, Seventy-fifth, and One Hundred and Seventh Ohio
Regiments, Ms bravery being evidenced by the fact that his horse
was shot under him. In consequence of the death of a child and the
serious iUness of Mrs. Lee, the Colonel was forced to leave the field,
and Ms resignation was accepted May 18, 1863. The condition of
Ms family warranting Ms absence from home, in the spring of 1864,
he accepted the command of the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth
Regiment of the OMo Volunteer Infantry, wMch was assigned for
service chiefly about the fortifications of Washington City, where it
remained with more or less activity, until the aggressive movements
against the Capital. During May, June, and July of 1864, he was
in command of aU troops from Long Bridge to Chain Bridge in the
defences of WasMngton. His military service tMoughout was
marked by a degree of intelligence, earnestness, devotion, and con
sideration for Ms command, wMch from the Mst challenged the ad
miration and confidence of superiors and subordinates. On March
13, 1865, he was commissioned by the President Brigadier- General
by brevet, "for meritorious service in the field." The reports of the
second battle of Bull Run made special mention of Colonel Lee's
efficiency in command. His regiment had been sent to an advanced
position of great peril, and during the fight a rebel force made a flank
movement, forming a Une at right angles with the Umon lines, making
necessary a change of front by Colonel Lee, whose command was
already largely disorgaMzed by being compelled to fall back to the
main Une from the advanced position to wMch he had been assigned.
Regardless of company organization, wMch was lost, and under the

Monument Erected to Colonel Lee
At Tiffin, Ohio, in 1898, by the Regimental Association of the
Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteers

SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 237
raiting fire of the enemy, he was able to change front successfully by
bataUion, instead of by compames. Such an operation, under the
circumstances stated, could be possible oMy with men well disci-
pUned and having full confidence in their commander. Upon leaving
the army, General Lee resumed the practice of law at Tiffin. In
addition to tMs, he was largely identified with various interests of a
pubhc nature, serving for five years as a member of the City Board
of Education, and for seven years as CMef Engineer of the Fire
Department. In 1869, he removed to Toledo, where he then formed
a partnersMp with James M. Brown, who had been a student with
Mm at Tiffin. TMs Mm continued until 1882, when a son of the
semor partner, Harry E. Lee, was admitted, the Mm's name becoming
Lee, Brown and Lee. This arrangement continued until the retire
ment of the junior partner in 1887. For a few years after becoming
a voter, Mr. Lee acted with the WMgs, but from the time of its organi
zation he co-operated with the Republican party, both as a voter and
in such more general methods as occasion offered him. Upon the
dechnation by Samuel Galloway, in 1867, of a nomination as the
RepubUcan candidate for lieutenant-governor, General Lee was
selected for that position and was elected. He was again nominated
and elected to the same place in 1869, serving for both terms with
Governor R. B. Hayes. As presiding officer of the State Senate, he
commanded the respect and confidence of that body irrespective of
poUtical divisions. On the occasion of three State RepubUcan Con
ventions, he was called to preside over the same. In 1868, he was a
delegate-at-large from OMo to the Republican National Convention
and was a presidential elector-at-large from OMo, and president of
the State Electoral College in 1872. He was appointed United States
attorney for the Northern District of OMo, in 1877, Ms term expiring
in March, 1881. His special qualities both as a debater and orator
early made Mm a favorite at public assemblages of all kinds. His
power in poUtical discussions was exceptionaUy great. The appre
ciation of Ms talents and character is best seen in the extent to wMch
his services were caUed in public ways. Though without church
connections, he was for many years identified with Presbyterian and
Congregational churches; and wMle an earnest advocate of temper
ance, he did not act with any temperance party. He was a trustee

238 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
of Western Reserve CoUege from 1874 to 1891. On May 20, 1853,
at Tiffin, General Lee was married to Miss Charlotte E. Hoffman, a
native of Germany. General Lee died March 24, 1891, and was
buried at Tiffin, Ohio, where Ms survivors of the Fifty-Fifth and
One Hundred and Sixty-fourth regiments erected to his memory, in
1898, a beautiful gramte monument.
Lieutenant-Colonel George H. Safford, at the time that he entered
the service, was successfully practicing law at Norwalk, Ohio, where
he at one time held the office of prosecuting attorney of Huron
County. He was born in 1824 and at the time he entered the ser
vice in September, 1861, was thirty-seven years of age. He was com
missioned Lieutenant-Colonel on the nth of that month. During
the orgamzation of the command he was untiring in securing enlist
ments, and labored zealously in that field. He was with the com
mand during the West Virgima and Cross Keys campaigns and was
appointed to take charge of a detail of officers on recruiting service,
which left the command early in August, 1862. Upon his return the
regiment was in winter quarters at Stafford Court House. He re
signed March 4, 1863, and resided for many years in Cleveland,
OMo, engaged in the practice of law. He died at the house of his
son, Charles M. Safford, at North Judson, Indiana, April 21, 1903,
and was buried at Ms old home, Norwalk, Ohio, upon the 23d day
of the same month. The services were in charge of the Knights
Templar, of wMch order he was a member.
Lieutenant-Colonel Safford preserved many records of his miU
tary life. The writer of these lines is indebted to him for much
valuable information. He was of a Uterary turn, and at a reunion
of the regiment at Norwalk in 1882 read a poem, the concluding
verses of wMch are here recorded.
By rivers of fraternal blood,
Poured for the nation's weal,
Ye met almost an equal foe,
And worthy of your steel.
The past is past, my brothers,
Old comrades tried and true;
Let the passions of that period fail,
But not its memories too.

SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 239
Let's plant our trophies where we will,
Bring the Starry Banner out,
But silent be the voice of hate
And mute the battle shout.
Men i' the olden time have warred
For masterdom and sway,
And'poured their blood Uke water out,
To moisten kindred clay.
And sometimes on the blackened leaf
Of Greece or haughty Rome,
Appear the names of demi-gods,
Who died defending home.
But where shaU you, on history's page,
A miUion freemen see,
Who sank, in death's undreaming sleep,
That others might be free ?
No herald's blazon decks the breast,
Of those who Uve to tell,
Nor nation's apotheosis
To honor those who fell.
But long as memory keeps her post
And guard within the brain,
The Uving shall strike hands, as now,
And tears embalm the slain.
Daniel Fowler De Wolf was born in Sackett's Harbor, New York,
January 9, 1823. His father dying in 1829, he hved on a farm with
Ms uncle David Fowler, in Madison County, New York, until 1837.
During these years he was kept too busy to attend school. Then
for two years he worked by the month, attending school in the winter.
He taught school during the winters of 1839 and 1840. Having
prepared for college at Fayetteville, New York, he taught during the
summers in Ohio, and attended Oberlin College. He was in due
time graduated at that institution and afterwards it conferred upon
Mm the degree of Master of Arts. His leisure hours having been
employed in the study of law under the guidance of Hon. Samuel
T. Worcester, of Norwalk, OMo, he was admitted to the bar, and in
1857 he became an equal partner in the firm of Noble, DeWolf and
Noble, of Tiffin, Ohio. He helped to raise the Fifty-Fifth Regiment

240 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
and was for a time its first adjutant. When the Mst officers of the
field and staff were finally appointed, he was commissioned and
mustered as Major November 25, 1861. Having received an injury,
resulting in physical disability, at Cross Keys, Virginia, he resigned
October 2, 1862.
In 1863, he raised and thoroughly driUed the One Hundred and
Sixty-fourth OMo Volunteer Infantry, which entered the service under
the command of Colonel Lee.
He was superintendent of the pubhc schools of Toledo, Ohio,
from 1864 to 1876. After this he became Professor of Literature and
Modern Languages at Western Reserve CoUege, at Hudson, OMo,
and while occupying that important position, received from that
institution the degree of Ph.D. WhUe so connected with that coUege,
he did much to increase the size of the freshman classes, by addresses
made to the graduates of high schools on the advantages of a full
collegiate course of study.
In 1880 he left the college, having been elected State Commissioner
of Common Schools, wMch office he held for two terms. When run-
mng for the tMrd term in 1884, he led his ticket by many hundreds,
but was defeated with Ms party. He then went to live in Georgia in
the hope of saving the hfe of Ms only son, whose health had given way
under the strain of too close application to work. He hved in Madi
son, Georgia, until the summer of 1900, when he returned North, but
finding the cUmate too severe, he went back to Georgia, and resided
with Ms daughter at Marietta, Georgia, until Ms death, in his eighty-
first year, on August 18, 1903.
He was an ardent supporter of the theory of Dugald Stewart that
the exercise of the contriving, inventive, and creative faculties is one
of the most effective sources of mental growth. He vigorously
advocated the manual training school for city youth; and had the
satisfaction of seeing Ms own city, Toledo, OMo, fuUy equip the Mst
manual training school that ever formed a substantial part of a purely
public school system.
During his residence in Georgia on Ms plantation, Ms leisure
hours were occupied in writing on reUgious and social subjects.
These writings were afterwards gathered into book form under
the title of " Character, not Creeds." He was also the author of

SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 241
many poems which have been published considerably by the public
press. He was for many years closely identified with the Masons in Ohio,
occupying many positions and being advanced to the thirty-second
degree. Major Jay Kling, Surgeon, was born in Sharon, Schoharie County,
New York, November 14, 1828. He graduated from Albany Medical
CoUege in February, 1850, and during the same year commenced the
practice of medicine and surgery in his native town. He was married
to Miss Maria T. Beekman October 30, 1850. He removed to Ply
mouth, OMo, in December, 1858, and continued the practice of his
profession in that place. He passed the examination as Major Sur
geon at Columbus, Ohio, in September, 1861, and was appointed
Surgeon of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment by Governor Tod, October 3,
1861, and immediately entered upon duty in the organization of the
regiment. He was mustered in as surgeon October 7, 1861. He
was appointed one of the operating surgeons in 1862, and acted in
that capacity until mustered out. In the summer of 1863 he received
the appointment of Brigade Surgeon of the Third Brigade, TMrd
Division, Eleventh Army Corps, and soon after that received the
appointment of Acting Division Surgeon of the Third Division,
Eleventh Army Corps. The duties of this place he performed until
reUeved by the return of the Division Surgeon from sick leave in
October, 1863, at Bridgeport, Alabama, when he was ordered to
report for duty as Brigade Surgeon again.
In December, 1863, after the transfer of Assistant Surgeon H. K.
Spooner to the Sixty-Mst Regiment, OMo Volunteer Infantry, of
which he had been appointed Surgeon, Dr. Kling, at his own request,
was reUeved from duty as Brigade Surgeon and returned to duty in
Ms own regiment. He was mustered out on account of expiration of
term of service at Atlanta, Georgia, October 12, 1864, but remained
on duty at Division Hospital, until October 16, when he left for home.
He was captured by the Confederate cavalry about fifteen miles from
Atlanta, Georgia, and held as a prisoner of war in Libby Prison,
Richmond, Virginia, until January 16, 1865. When Uberated, he
returned to his home, and as soon as his health and strength per-

242 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
mitted, resumed Ms practice, but was compeUed to relinquish it in
the summer of 1873, on account of returmng iU health. Soon after
the death of Ms wife, which occurred January 7, 1880, he repahed to
the South, spending Ms winters there. Here, on the 1 ith of November,
1886, he was married to Miss Adell C. Foster, of Madison, Georgia.
Soon after, he removed to Atlanta, Georgia, where he now resides.
Captain John G. W. Cowles was the first Chaplain of the Fifty-
Fifth Regiment, having been appointed December 10, 1861. He
was born in 1836. He resigned from the army August 7, 1862, and
settled in Cleveland, OMo, where he became one of the most promi
nent and successful business men in that great and thriving city, and
where he stiU resides. While in the regiment, he was zealous and
faithful in the performance of his duties; and although a young man
for such a position, he showed the qualities which insured the large
measure of success that has marked Ms subsequent career.
Captain Frank W. Martin was born in Pennsylvama in 1829.
He came to Upper Sandusky about the year 1852, and was employed
as resident engineer in the construction of the Pittsburg and CMcago
Railway. Afterwards he engaged in the dry goods business at
Upper Sandusky, and continued in it, until the breaking out of the
War of the RebelUon, when he enlisted in Company C of the Fifteenth
Regiment, OMo Volunteer Infantry, and was commissioned in that
regiment as First Lieutenant. At the end of his term, wMch was
three months, he enlisted in Company F of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment,
and was made First Lieutenant and Adjutant December 1, 1861.
On the ioth of March, 1863, he was promoted to Captain, and as
signed to Company F, which office he resigned June 6, 1863. After
the war, he returned to Pennsylvania and engaged as civil engineer
upon a raUroad running tMough Oil City. While Uving there, he
was successful in business and amassed considerable property. He
died there not long after. He married Mary Pierson, who died in
1856. Captain Martin was a man of more than ordinary abiUty.
He had had exceUent business traimng, and was a most competent
and efficient regimental adjutant. He was possessed of a keen sense
of humor, was not easily imposed upon, and was a good judge of

SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 243
human nature. He was, as such characteristics entitled him to be,
very popular in the regiment, and the news of Ms untimely death
saddened the hearts of many of Ms comrades in arms.
Assistant Surgeon Captain Henry K. Spooner was born in 1837.
He was the first Assistant Surgeon of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment, re
ceiving his commission as such October 3, 1861. He was promoted
to Surgeon of the Sixty-Mst Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
November 20, 1863, and after that served with that regiment as its
surgeon until the end of the war. Since the war he has resided in
RepubUc, where he has successfully pursued the practice of his pro
fession. He faithfully served his fellow-citizens during one term as
representative in the OMo Legislature from Seneca County, to wMch
office he was elected in spite of the fact that he was opposed by the
nominee of the dominant party in that county.
Fhst Lieutenant Robert G. Pennington was born in 18 17. He
was the Mst Quartermaster of the Fifty-fifth Regiment, having been
appointed August 22, 1861. He resigned Ms office July 23, 1862,
when he returned to Tiffin, Ohio, where he resided until his death not
many years since. He was a lawyer by profession.
Colonel Charles B. Gambee was born April 5, 1827, on a farm in
Seneca County, New York. When he was nineteen years of age, he left
the farm and went to Lockport, New York, and entered a dry goods
store as clerk. When he was twenty-three years old he was united
in marriage to Rhoda Ann Peck of Orleans County, New York.
Four years after that he removed to Bellevue, Ohio, and entered a
dry goods store there, as clerk, where he remained a few years. He
then engaged in the same business for Mmself, and in tMs he remained
until he entered the army September 12, 1861. He was the Mst
captain of Company A of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment, having been
commissioned as such September 30, 1861. He was promoted to
Major October 2, 1862, Mling the vacancy occasioned by the resigna
tion of Major De Wolf. On the 4th of March, 1863, he was appointed
Lieutenant-Colonel, succeeding Lieutenant-Colonel Safford, who
resigned that day. He was commissioned Colonel May 8, 1863,

244 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
succeeding Colonel Lee, thus becoming the second colonel of the
regiment. He was killed at Resaca, Georgia, wMle leading Ms regi
ment in the bloody battle at that place. His remains were brought
to OMo and deposited in the beautiful cemetery at Bellevue, where
on the 22d of September, 1904, Ms survivors of the Fifty-Fifth Regi
ment, with appropriate ceremomes, erected to his memory an appro
priate and costly gramte monument. Colonel Gambee was a man
of courage, abiUty, and patriotism. He was respected and beloved by
his regiment, and had the entire confidence of his superiors.
Lieutenant-Colonel James M. Stevens was born in Erie County,
New York, January 1, 1817. His parents came to Melmore, Seneca
County, OMo, at a very early date, and when he was a small boy.
His father was quite an extensive land-owner in Melmore and its
vicinity. Colonel Stevens, when the Fifty-Fifth Regiment was organ
ized, was engaged at Melmore in the manufacture and sale of cabinet
ware. He enUsted the men that later formed Company H, and with
them enUsted in the regiment September 16, 1861. He was com
missioned Captain of Company H, October 16, 1861, the Mst to fill
that position. He was promoted to Major March 4, 1863, and to
Lieutenant-Colonel May 8, 1863. He was severely wounded, losing
an arm at the battle of ChanceUorsviUe, May 2, 1863, and he resigned
May 25, 1864. Shortly after the end of the war, he was elected
Auditor of Seneca County, and with his family removed to Tiffin,
where he lived until the death of his wife. He then removed to
Garnett, Kansas, where he lived with Ms daughter, Mrs. J. B. Thorn
ton, until Ms death August 25, 1895. His remains are interred in
Rock Creek Cemetery, Seneca County, Ohio. Colonel Stevens was
a reUgious man, being a staunch Presbyterian. He and Ms brother
WiUiam contributed the land on wMch the Mst Presbyterian church
in Melmore was erected. He possessed the homely and old-fashioned
virtues of honesty, sobriety, and industry. He was large-hearted
and intensely patriotic. He had a lively sense of humor, and always
saw the bright and funny side of things — a trait which served in no
small degree to relieve the tedium of camp life for Ms comrades.
Captain Alfred Wheeler was born in 1836. He was appointed

Monument Erected to Colonel Gambee
At Bellevue, Ohio, September 21, 1904, by the Regimental Association
of the flfty'-flfth ohio volunteers

SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 245
Chaplain of the Fifty-Fifth Regiment September 15, 1862. He re
signed August 16, 1863, and died in 1892. At the time of his death
he was editor of the Pittsburg Christian Advocate. Chaplain Wheeler
was a mimster in the Methodist Episcopal church, in wMch he was
recogmzed as a man of piety and exceUent ability. WMle with the
Fifty-Fifth Regiment, he endeared Mmself to both officers and men
by Ms uniform kindness and affabiUty, and Ms evident soUcitude for
the welfare, both temporal and spiritual, of all under his charge.
Major Rudolphus Robbins was of good old New England ances
try. His mother, Laura Nash, was one of the New England Nash
family, whose ancestor, Thomas Nash, a gunsmith, came from Eng
land on the good sMp Hector (or her compamon sMp) in 1637, with
the Reverend Davenport's party, who located their colony at Quine-
piac (New Haven), Connecticut. Major Robbins's father was
Nathan P. Robbins, son of Asa, a New Englander of Massachusetts.
Nathan left the Boston Latin School, without consulting his parents
when he was 18 years old, and enlisted in the War of 181 2, in wMch
he was commissioned Second Lieutenant. Later, when mustered
out, he was made Captain of the Home Company. So one may see
that Major Robbins came honestly by his patriotism. He was born
in Fremont (then Lower Sandusky), Sandusky County, OMo, where
his parents had located. He moved with his parents later to Attica,
Seneca County, and thence in 1846 to Upper Sandusky, Wyandot
County, Ohio. In the fall of 1854, he was appointed conductor on
the Ohio and Indiana Railroad, and later on the Pittsburg, Fort
Wayne and Chicago RaUroad, now belonging to The Pennsylvama
Railroad Company. He was married October 30, 1855, to Miss
Sarah C. Roberts, of Newton, New Jersey. He was a merchant in
Upper Sandusky from that time until Ms enUstment in the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment, October 8, 1861. He held at Mst a commission as Second
Lieutenant, but upon the final organization of the regiment, he was
commissioned Captain of Company K, November 21, 1861. He
was promoted to Major May 8, 1863. He was killed at Resaca,
Georgia, May 15, 1864, while gallantly supporting Colonel Gambee
in leading the regiment in that memorable and desperate fight. His
remains are interred in Oak HiU Cemetery, Upper Sandusky.

246 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Robbins Post, G. A. R., Upper Sandusky, is named for Mm. Major
Robbins was an intelUgent, just, and brave officer, and a conscien
tious and patriotic man. His name is enroUed among those of the
immortals. Colonel Edwin H. Powers was the Mst Captain of Company E.
He was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel May 25, 1864, and to Colonel
June 6, 1865. Colonel Powers served in this position until the muster-
out of the regiment, July n, 1865. After the war he Uved for a time
in Saginaw, MicMgan, where he was elected and served as Prose
cuting Attorney of the County of Saginaw. He subsequently re
moved to Denver, Colorado, where for a number of years he practiced
law. He died about the year 1900.
First Lieutenant Benjamin C. Taber was born August 12, 1840.
He enhsted in Company D, and was appointed Quartermaster Ser
geant September 13, 1861. He was the first person to enUst in the
Fifty-Fifth Regiment. He was promoted to First Lieutenant and
Regimental Quartermaster July 17, 1862; the latter office he held
until Ms muster-out on expiration of term of service, January 1, 1865.
He was detailed as Brigade Quartermaster in the summer of 1863,
and served in tMs capacity untU the Atlanta campaign, during which
he acted as Division Quartermaster. He was a most efficient and
reUable officer, never absenting Mmself a single day from duty.
Shortly after leaving the service he engaged in mercantile pursuits,
and has ever since been proprietor of one of the largest mercantile
estabUshments in Norwalk and its vicinity, in wMch business he has
been eminently successful.
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Preston Wickham was born at Nor
walk, September 15, 1836. He is the son of Frederick Wickham
and Lucy B. Preston Wickham. Both of his parents were of EngUsh
descent : the father was born in New York, and the mother in New
Hampshire, their ancestors having been among the very early settlers
of New England. Colonel Wickham received his education in the
public schools and the old Norwalk Academy ; this was supplemented
by several years' instruction in the printers' art in the office of the

SKETCHES OF OFFICERS AND CITIZENS 247
Norwalk Reflector. In his twentieth year, he entered the law office
of Worcester and PenneweU as a student, where he remained eighteen
months. In 1857 ne entered the Cincinnati Law School, where he
graduated in 1858, and was at once admitted to the bar. He com
menced the practice of the law in Norwalk. From 1867 to 187 1 he
was Prosecuting Attorney of Huron County. In 1880, he was elected
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, wMch office he resigned in
October, 1886, to run for the position of Representative in Congress.
He was elected to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses. Upon
leavmg Congress, he resumed his practice at Norwalk, in which he
has smce been engaged. He was married in i860 to Miss Emma J.
Wildman, daughter of Captain F. A. Wildman of Company D.
Colonel Wickham enUsted as a private in Company D of the Fifty-
Fifth Regiment, September 13, 1861. He was commissioned First
Lieutenant October 20, 1861; Captain October 31, 1862; Major
June 27, 1864, and Lieutenant-Colonel June 6, 1865. On the 13th
of March, 1865, he was commissioned by the President Lieutenant-
Colonel of Volunteers by brevet, for "gaUant and meritorious ser
vices in Georgia and the CaroUnas," upon the recommendation
of General William Cogswell, commanding Third Brigade, Third
Division, Twentieth Army Corps.
Lieutenant John H. Boss enlisted as a private in the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment when twenty-tirree years of age, on the first day of October,
1861. He was appointed Sergeant of Company E, December 31,
1 861; Fhst Sergeant January 1, 1864; Quartermaster Sergeant April
16, 1864; and promoted to First Lieutenant of Company E, August
19, 1864. He was appointed Regimental Quartermaster January 1,
1865, and served as such until the muster-out of the regiment.
Major HartweU Osborn was born at Norwalk, OMo, August 17,
1840. He is the son of Hon. John R. Osborn, who was for many
years one of the most able and successful attorneys at the bars of
Huron and Lucas counties. Major Osborn entered Western Reserve
College in the class of '63, and received the degree of A.B. from that
institution in 1890. He enlisted in the Fifty-Fifth Regiment in
October, 1861, and was commissioned Second Lieutenant in Com-

248 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
pany I. He served with the regiment until its muster-out, holding
successively the rank of First Lieutenant, Captain, and Major, his
commission as Major bearing the date June 6, 1865. From 1867 to
1869 he was Deputy Collector of Customs at Toledo, Ohio. From
1870 to 1883 he was engaged in manufacturing at Toledo. Since 1883
he has been Raihoad Commercial Agent in the South and at CMcago.
He is married and resides at Evanston, IMnois. Major Osborn was
one of the most inteUigent, efficient, and enthusiastic officers in the
Fifty-Fifth Regiment, enjoying the respect and confidence of Ms
compamons in arms, without an exception.
Major Joseph Hebble was the second surgeon of the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment, joimng the regiment as Assistant Surgeon February 13,
1864. He was promoted to Surgeon November 1, 1864, after the
muster-out of Surgeon Jay Kling. Dr. Hebble served with the regi
ment as its surgeon until its muster-out. He was a faithful and
efficient officer. Since the war he has resided in Clark County, Ohio.
Captain James C. Myers was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the
Fifty-Fifth Regiment January 25, 1865. He remained with the
regiment until its muster-out. After the war Dr. Myers returned to
Ms former residence in Attica, Seneca County, OMo, and resumed
the practice of his profession, wMch he continued until his death.
Dr. Myers was a large-hearted, patriotic man, and an efficient and
learned surgeon and physician. The short time during wMch he
did duty with the regiment served to endear him to all the officers
and men in it. He died many years ago.

CHAPTER XV
PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS OF SOLDIERS
RECOLLECTIONS OF FIRST SERGEANT MOSES PUGH, COMPANY H
AS I reflect upon the four years spent in the war for the Umon, sad
. memories float before my vision; yet there are many fraught
with pleasure. I participated in mneteen battles, and in skirmishes
by the dozen. As I think now of the battle-field of Gettysburg, where
we could have stepped on a dead man every step for eighty rods,
it seems like a horrible nightmare instead of a sadreality. I recall
vividly that at the time it seemed to me I was in more imminent
danger than at any time during my sojourn in the Sunny South.
Not far from Atlanta, on Sherman's march to the sea, when we
had marched several days, the corps on the extreme right faUed in
the evemng to give a signal of its whereabouts, and a call came to
our regiment from headquarters for volunteers to reach the missing
corps. John Burket and I responded, and we were told not to
return until we could locate the lost corps. After I left my com
rades on that dark mght in an enemy's line, among those mountains
infested with wild ammals, I thought of "Mother, Home, and
Heaven," and of many incidents that had happened in my otherwise
almost uneventful Ufe. After we had traveled about six mUes
(during wMch time I never asked Burket what he was tMnking
about), near eleven at mght we came to a halt to listen for a moment,
and heard what we pronounced horses' hoofs approacMng. TMs
opimon was verified in a few minutes, when a horse and Ms rider
came into view. We gave the chaUenge, " Halt ! dismount and give
the countersign." He was a messenger sent from the lost corps
to discover the location of the main army; we therefore marched
Mm to General Sherman's headquarters and found all was right.
At the second day's battle of Gettysburg there was the greatest
cannonading the world ever knew. I was stationed near a battery,
and counted one hundred and fifteen holes in the ground that had
been made by cannon-balls. On this field I spied a beautiful, new,
249

250 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
bright musket lying by the side of a dead Rebel, which I was not
long in taking in exchange for my own, for mine was somewhat
rusty and old. Upon examination I found it to be a Richmond rifle
of the same caUbre as the Springfield, the one I had been using near
Hagerstown, Maryland. WMle in close pursuit of Lee's retreating
army, on the eve of July 5, we were ordered to sleep on our arms, and
as it was raimng slightly I greased my precious gun with a piece of
bacon rind. When I awoke in the morning my Mst act was to
remove the cap from the tube. Pressmg the greasy hammer with
my thumb, I accidentaUy let it shp, whereupon my Mst Johnny ball
went tMough the blouses of tMee of my comrades and kiUed my
colonel's horse, wMch was tied to a stake about twenty rods away.
The boys often laughingly told me my gun would turn traitor, and
at that terrific report I began to beUeve it. But I must be brief.
Colonel Gambee was incensed at the death of his faithful horse.
He ordered my corporal's stripes to be taken off, and demanded pay
for the horse; but as we had not drawn any pay for six months,
money was scarce; so I gave Mm my note, payable on Mst pay-day.
But just before the battle of Resaca, Georgia, May 15, 1864, seeming
to have presentiments of impending danger, he came to me, gave
me the rank of a sergeant, and burned the note in my presence.
The brave, good Colonel was killed in that battle.
I did not bring my trophy home, for at the battle of BentonvUle,
North Carolina, it was struck wMle I was loading it by a piece of
shell, and maimed so severely that I pronounced it unfit for duty
and turned it over to the Southern Confederacy. During the re
mainder of the time I used the gun of a comrade who was killed by
my side. Moses Pugh,
Tiro, Ohio.
INCIDENTS IN HOSPITAL, CAMP, AND FIELD
BY SUMNER A. WING, PRIVATE, COMPANY D
Comrades: Many years have elapsed since we stood shoulder
to shoulder upon the tented field. The years have mustered out
many of our comrades of the old Fifty-Fifth. Our friendship and
love have been cemented by many of our annual reumons, which

PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS 251
have warmed our hearts until another year. The years are not far
distant when those happy meetings will be a thing of the past.
Comrades, have you forgotten old Camp McClellan and our
leaving Norwalk for the front ? Oh, what memories come back to
us of those eventful days — our march to the depot, and the many
trying scenes enacted there ! Home and friends we bade adieu, and
with many it was a final one. Who can forget our ride through the
mountains and valleys to Grafton, West Virgmia, our first camping
place. Our boys were wild with delight at the reception given them.
Old and young came out of their cabins on the hills, waving all sorts
of things in token of welcome. It was one wild huzza all the after
noon. Sickness came to our regiment, and some twenty-two died
there. Company D lost their Uttle drummer, a fair-faced boy of
less than sixteen, a mother's darling. He died for his country as
much as if he had fallen in battle.
One year made a great change in our regiment. We had been
sifted, as it were, and those that fell tMough were soon discharged.
Those that were left were tough, so to speak. The hardships they
could bear are almost beyond belief. The casualties of battle and
disease came to us as the war progressed. Captain Horace Robin
son, of Company G, I tMnk, was the Mst captain mortally wounded
in battle. He was a warm personal friend of mine even before the
war. How he did love Ms home and family ! His continued thought
of them was much against Ms recovery.
On the mormng that our troops left for ChanceUorsviUe I was
detaUed to remain at our hospital, where our wounded would be
brought. It would appaU a stout heart to see the number that came.
I will only mention tMee. Major James M. Stevens lost an arm.
He was cheerful amid all Ms surroundings. John J. Duesler, of
Company A, lost his right arm. C. B. Streeter, of Company D,
received a bad wound. I thought it was good-bye, Charley; but
pluck and a brave heart puUed Mm through.
Four days after the battle I went to our old camping place and
witnessed our regiment's return. I stood where I could see it for
some time. I shall never forget how our regiment looked as it came
back to take up its old quarters, and so many of our boys left beMnd.
I am not ashamed to tell you that it was with moist eyelids that I

252 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
gazed upon the sad scene. I thought of the tents and messes that
would miss some hght-hearted comrade, the Ufe and joy of the com
pany. Then the thought came that we were engaged in a terrible
war, and that war meant loss of life and many hardships.
In our regiment were a Klinefelter and a Kline. Now, Bama
KUne had frequent spells of great pain, and only sometMng hot
and fiery would help Mm. Klinefelter one day took Barna's disease,
and an order came for some of the medicine at once. Somehow I
thought it was for our Kline feUow, and so I went to Barna's tent
and found him having a four-handed game ; all was quiet and peaceful
with Mm. I said, "Bama, I have something for you." I cannot
tell you what he may have thought, but he took it down with a wry
face. KUnefelter was not benefitted, and a rush order soon came,
and both were made happy. Barna and I used to laugh over the
matter, and we thought the joke was on both of us. I remember
WUliam E. Pollock, a stalwart man of Company C, who was mor-
taUy wounded at Gettysburg. He was torn by a piece of shell — a
terrible wound. I remember just how he looked, with Ms pale,
pleading face. Poor fellow, we could do but a Uttle for him.
In the fall of 1863 we were sent into the western department at
Chattanooga, Tennessee. Comrades, do you remember Sunday
night, October 25, 1863 ? We made a short night-march from
Bridgeport, Alabama, to near SheU Mound, some eight miles. It
was a beautiful mght. Never before had I seen fair Luna shine
with so much brilhancy and beauty. It was almost as Ught as day;
the fields and troops were revealed to us clearly; some of our boys
said they could read a letter or print easily. We encamped close by
Nicajack cave. Our adventures in the cave were sometMng to be
remembered. The rooms and arches, with the stalactites that were
revealed to us by the Ught of our candles and torches, were beautiful.
Captain Fred Boalt and, I tMnk, GUbert Gordon, of Company E,
got an old boat and went far up the dark stream. Our band went
into the cave and I doubt if those old vaulted chambers had ever
heard such fine music; the effect was grand beyond description.
The last days of November were tMilUng days for us. The
taking of Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain will long Uve in
song and story. I remember brave, noble Ed Bromley, of Com-

PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS 253
pany G, as he was borne back to the rear, shot through the breast.
His face revealed nothing of the fearful struggle he had passed
through, but was calm and peaceful as though asleep. Another,
whose name I cannot recaU, came back shot through the jaw. He
took it as a huge joke, for he said to Surgeon Spooner, with all the
laugh he could give, "I can learn to talk Dutch, now that my jaw
is broken." Resaca brought sorrow to our regiment. Colonel Gambee and
Major Robbins were kiUed, also Captain Albert E. Peck and brother,
of Company E. What a fine officer Captain Peck made I Sergeant
Henry W. Crosby, Company E, was mortaUy wounded. Abner
Twaddle, of Company D, was shot through the left breast. No
position gave Mm any reUef, and he died while I held him at the
back. Few took army life easier than Abner. I don't know that
I ever saw him angry. He was slow but sure; he was always in
Ms place when needed. We cared for 613 wounded in our divi
sion hospital. I want to mention Sergeant George ColUngwood,
Sergeant Evelyn E. Husted and Ms brother Henry, and James L.
Seeley, of Company D. What grand boys they were, and how
we revere theh memory! Brave Captain Charles M. Stone, of
Company G, feU at Averasborough, North Carolina. One wound
did not daunt him. He stood by Ms boys until the fatal shot
struck Mm.
I must not forget the part that our noble women of the North took
in our great struggle. I have seen the fruits of their labor in hos
pital, and on many a field after a battle, when our boys had been
torn by shot and shell. What would we have done without the
clotMng, jeMes, canned fruits, and other gifts of love and tenderness
from the fair ladies of the North ? I wish I could weave you a tribute
that would portray their love and devotion for our soldier boys.
As I cannot, pardon me if I quote a few words from that gifted writer
of the war, B. F. Taylor:
"How many noble women have threaded, Uke rays of sunshine, the heavy
cloud of war, women of the nineteenth century, fit to be named with Rachel,
Ruth, and Florence Nightingale 1 No better epitaph could be traced upon their
tombstone than this: 'Each soldier's sister and each soldier's friend.' As with
the angel of the Crimea, so with them: the soldiers kissed the shadow that fell

254 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
upon the piUows as they passed by. When these scenes amid which we wait
and labor pass into the grand eternity of the historic page, the heart of the
world will warm to the women of the North; soldierly daring and womanly
deeds wiU be blended forever."
I have land words for our surgeons and for WUl CMlds, our
hospital steward. Associated as I was with them so long, I learned
to love them for their many vhtues and their kindness to me.
A. P. Smith, of Company A, WiU Sabins, of Company B, were
fine nurses, kind and pleasant to all.
On the 1 6th of June, 1864, on our Atlanta campaign, among the
wounded was one borne to the hospital on a stretcher. He belonged
to the One Hundred and Fifth IUinois. He was shot tMough the
body. I looked at his wound, and caUed the surgeon's attention
to Mm at once. On examination he shook Ms head, and I knew
that he was slowly bleeding to death. I could not bear to see Mm
die without knowing something of Ms far-away friends. With a
low, pleasant voice he told me of Ms home, of the wife that would
mourn for Mm. I took her name and address and promised to
write her. After Ms death I found a new silk handkercMef. It
was saturated with Ms blood, but on washing it, all the blood came
out. At Atlanta I sent it to Ms wife in a letter, teUing her aU I could
of one whom she would never welcome at the old home, for he had
given Ms hfe for Ms country. At Savannah, Georgia, I received a
letter from her thanking me kindly for what I had done for her.
In our hospital at Savannah, Georgia, one of our sick boys had
a longing for mUk, an article with wMch we were scantily suppUed.
Ever mindful of their wants, I saUied forth, much as a tramp would
have done. I soon found a house that looked inviting, and on
knocking at the door, a young person made her appearance. She
looked Uke a lady. Over three years of army Ufe had not brushed
away the poUteness of many of our boys. I told her pleasantly of
my errand, the wants of one of our sick boys. She did not seem
to be in a hurry, but began to tell me about our troops occupying
theh city, and the bitter feeUng they had for us Yankees. She told
me how they had intended to treat us when we came. I cannot teU
just what changed her mind, but she said, " After aU I have told you,
I am standing here talking with you." The mother was not at home,

PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS *>5S
but she soon came. The daughter explained the cause of my visit,
and what she had said to me. The feeling the daughter had ex
pressed seemed to have fled from both of them, for they kindly
invited me into their home. When I went away I carried what
the boy longed for, and I trust the mother and daughter had kinder
feeUngs toward our soldier boys.
A large share of my army service was caring for our sick and
wounded. I should not have been so weU satisfied with my work
had it never brought me mto the storm of battle and danger. Those
dark days wiU never be forgotten. They were the saddest, and
the brightest, days of my Ufe. Saddest, that so much hardsMp and
suffering were shown me; brightest, for the mimstrations of love,
for the care and attention I could give our noble boys. It was not
deeds of bravery that I witnessed, but patient suffering under many
discouraging circumstances. I am proud of my hospital work.
What a field it was for a willing worker! It was not a thankless
work. The many expressions of gratitude that were so kindly
given me have been cherished tMough aU the years that have since
come to me. To my Uving comrades I have a warm heart. To
the dead, a loving memory of their virtue and worth.
Your Loving Comrade.

REMINISCENCES OF BAXTER TREVOR, COMPANY D
At the age of 18, and almost before the guns of Sumter were
sUenced, an EngUshman, I reached the country of my adoption,
America. "Hello Johnme, you came to help fight the rebels, did
you ?" and like remarks greeted my ears. I thought them very bold,
for I had been raised reservedly, and the change was very noticeable.
My money was gone, and I went to work on a farm for a feUow-coun-
tryman near Monroeville, who, at that time, was called an "old cop
perhead," and who felt it his duty to convert me to Ms poUtical views
by constantly condemmng the black Republicans. I cared nothing
for tMs talk, but it caused me to think, and I went to James Rad-
cUff, a Republican neighbor, who explained to me the causes wMch
led up to the RebelUon.
I joined, at MonroeviUe, a company raised upon the call of Gov-

256 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
ernor Tod for the protection of Cincinnati, called the Squirrel
Hunters, and served eleven days. I was solicited to enUst in the 3rd
OMo cavahy, and m the 101st Ohio infantry, but my time had not
come. Later I joined a company for the protection of Put-in-Bay
Island, whose captain was young John Brown, of Harper's Ferry
fame. When Lincoln's caU for 75,000 troops, to close the RebeUion, was
made, I was so impressed by the masterful efforts of James A. Gar
field, and convinced of my country's need, that I enUsted in the Fifty-
Fifth OMo, at Sandusky, Ohio, on October 7, 1864. My Mst night
as a soldier was spent on Johnson's Island without food and with
the floor for a bed, in the clothes I wore. From there we went to
Chattanooga and camped on the MUs. When mormng came my
chum woke me by tMowing water from Ms rubber blanket down
my neck as notice that it had rained during the mght. From the
river bank came the melodious voice of Ed Dunlap singing, "Away
down there on yonder plain, some time ago a horse was slain — sing,
brethren, sing" — and in five minutes the whole camp was joining in
the chorus. Then came the duty of getting driftwood for the break
fast Me, and then a tramp through mud (and such mud I), to our box
cars for the journey to Atlanta, where I was assigned to Company D,
and met with a very different reception from the one at Johnson's
Island. The boys shared theh rations, and said: "We haven't
much to eat, but we'll divide the last cracker." Here driUing and
picket duty fiUed the time till November 15, when we began that
memorable "march to the sea," the first part of which I felt was
rather hard. I was so tired, and ached so after a rest of a few min
utes, that I could hardly move or place to my Ups the hot coffee that
my Mnd messmates, Auble and Osborn, handed me, until I had
stretched my arms and Umbered up my legs.
There were few incidents in my brief army life — but it was glory
enough to participate in those memorable marches, tMough mud, Uft-
ing wagons, and building corduroy roads, of which hundreds of miles
were laid. My only complaint against Uncle Sam was rebuked by
Alonzo B. Keeler, who said, "Trevor, did you ever acquaint Uncle
Sam with Ms Ul treatment of you ? If you have, I think he wiU fix
it aU right." I never complained again.

PERSONAL NOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS 257
At Savannah we guarded some large Parrott guns, near the river.
The enemy were active, but got away, as usual, and gave us the sUp.
At Averasborough, N. C, on March 16, Mat. Donnelly, Potts,
and myself were detailed to skirmish and feel the enemy. Both of
my companions were wounded, and I was the only one of the detail
to return. Captain Wickham for a long time blamed himself for
the loss of my arm, but that was lost tMee days later at BentonviUe,
N. C. Just before entering that fight I had filled my canteen with
water from a spring, and as the fever from loss of blood came on, I
found it the best water I ever drank. Now, for the Mst time in my
life, I was brought face to face with one of the misfortunes of war,
and with the problem before me of getting a living with only one arm.
I was taken in an ambulance thirty miles over a corduroy road to
Goldsborough, N. C, and from there on a flat-car to Newbern, N. C,
where we were placed on the hospital steamer, "Northern Light,"
and carried to the Umted States general hospital on David's Island,
New York Harbor. There, on the nth day of June, 1865, I was
discharged. It is said that Americans put down the RebeMon, and I think this
is true, for no one could act or feel as I did when I entered the army
without being a true, patriotic American citizen, who would wittingly;
if need be, lose Ms Ufe for the best country on earth, and for the most
beautiful flag afloat. Baxter Trevor,
Co. D., 55th O. V. Inf.
COURAGEOUS EXPLOIT OF BENJAMIN PEASE, COMPANY E
On July 3, 1863, at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., rebel sharp
shooters, from the houses and barns in the outskirts of the viUage,
caused great annoyance and loss of life to the Union troops by pick
ing off the men as they moved about in the rear of the Ming line.
General Howard called for volunteers to drive the sharpshooters out
from their hiding-places, and to capture them if possible. Five
members of the Fifty-Fifth responded. Upon a given signal this
force was directed to charge and drive away or capture the enemy.
The signal was given, but for some reason the line failed to respond,
except one man, Benjamin Pease, of Company E; he, supposing the

258 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
rest were with him, charged up to a brick barn, from which the fire
had been especiaUy annoying, and pounding on the closed doors
with the butt of Ms musket, called loudly on the inmates to surrender.
One by one the rebel soldiers on the inside dropped their guns and
crept forth, till five had given themselves up. They were chagrined
to find their captor had no support; but it was too late, and they sul-
leMy preceded him to the Umon lines, wMch cheered the vaUant
soldier again and again.

RECORDS AND STATISTICS

how bright are the honors which await those who, with sacred
fortitude and patriotic patience, have endured all things that they
might save their native land from division and from the power of
corruption! The honored dead! They that die for a good cause
are redeemed from death. thelr names are gathered and garnered.
Their memory is precious. Oh, tell me not that they are dead I That
generous host, that airy army of invisible heroes, they hover as a
cloud of witnesses above this nation. are they dead that yet speak
louder than we can speak and a more universal language ? are they
dead that yet act ? are they dead that yet move upon society and
inspire the people with nobler motives and more heroic patriotism?
Till the mountains are worn out and the rivers forget to flow, till
the clouds are weary of replenishing springs and the springs for
get to gush, and the rills to sing, shall thelr names be kept fresh
with reverent honors which are inscribed upon the book of national
remembrance. HENRY WARD BEECHER.

ROLL OF HONOR.

LIST OF OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS KILLED OR MORTALLY
WOUNDED

Name

Co. Rank Place

Date

Remarks

Chas. B. Gambee
Rudolphus Robbins
Duesler, Miles
Franklin, Arthur
Fulkerson, Benj. F.
Williams, Russell S.
Barber, Nelson
Herring, Daniel
Chinrock, John
Ford, Ozias
Henney, Samuel
Haler, Chas.
Mohr, Mandes
Norris, John H.
Riley, Silas P.
Sowards, James
Sauter, Franklin J,
Beck, Felix H.
Ostien, John
Broka, William
Durfee, Homer A.
Fell, Nicholas
Harris, Benjamin
Hyler, Frank H.
Headley, James A.
Leather, Ezra
Martin, John
Stock, Christian

Col. Resaca, Ga,
Maj. Resaca, Ga.

Sergt.Corp. Corp.
Corp.Corp.
Mus.
Priv. Priv.Priv. Priv.
Priv.
Priv.Priv.Priv.
Capt,Corp.
Corp.
Priv.
Priv.Priv.
Priv.
Priv.
Priv, Priv.
Priv.Priv.

Chancellors ville, Va.
Chancellors ville, Va.
BentonviUe, N.C.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Franklin, W. Va.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Gettysburg, Pa.
Resaca, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors- ille, Va.
Resaca, Ga.
Bull Run fad)
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Buzzard Roost, Ga.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors ville, Va.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors ville, Va.
Bull Run (2d)
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors ville, Va,
Averasbor ough, N. C.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors ville, Va.

May 15, '64
May 15, '64
May 2, '63
May 2, '63
Mar. 31, '65
Mar. 19, '65
May 2, '63
May 27, '62
May 2, '63
July 2, '63
May 15, '64
May 15, '64
May 2, '63
May 15, '64
Aug. 30, '62
June 14, '64
May 2, '63
May 8, '64
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
Aug. 30, '62
May 15, '64
May 2, '63
Mar. 16, '64
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63

Killed.
Killed.Died of wounds, June 3,
1863.
Killed.Lost on steamer "Gen.
Lyon" off coast of N. C.
Killed.Died of wounds May 20.
Died in prison, Lynch
burg, Va., July 25, 1862.
Died of wounds, Washing
ton, D.C., July 31, 1863.
Killed.Died of wounds at Louis
ville, Ky., June 7, 1864.
Killed. Died of wounds at Wash
ington, D. C, July 14,
1863.
Died of wounds, May 27,
1864.
KilledDied of wounds, July 7,
1864.
Killed.
Killed.
Killed.Died of wounds, Brooke
Station, June 2, 1863.
Died of wounds, Washing
ton, D.C., Sept. 11, 1862.
Killed.
Killed. Died of wounds, Nash
ville, Sept. 1, 1864.
Died of wounds at Annap
olis, May 28, 1863.
Died of wounds, April 25,
1864.
Killed.Died of wounds, Philadel
phia, Pa„ July 18, 1863.

261

262

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS

Name

Co. Rank

Place

Date

Remarks

Shesley, David
Tyler, Providence
Wolfret, John
Barnett, Albert G.
Barton, Frank P.
Crawford, William H.
Bellamy, William
Seaman, William B.
Bemis, Benjamin F.
Hess Henry H.
Hull, Sylvester
Lenox, George
Myer, John R.
McGuckin, Samuel
Mitchell, Jacob
Pollock, Wm. E.
Sisty, Wm. L,
Van Gorder, Robert
Welch, Jerome
Young, John M.
Collingwood, George
Husted, Evelyn E,
Fetterman, Jacob
Emrick, Peter
Francis, David
Hannerott, John
Husted, Henry W,
Kennedy, Alexander
Keeler, Clarence L.
Lynch, Owen
Sibold, Adolph
Seeley, James L,
Twaddle, Abner D.
Volck, Edward
Wilson, Thomas
Cowpe, John
Crosby, Henry W.
Peck, Chauncey T.
Sharp, Edward

Priv.
Priv. Priv. Corp.
Corp. Corp.Corp.Corp.Priv.Priv. Priv.Priv. Priv.Priv.Priv. Priv.Priv.Priv. Priv.
Priv,Sergt. Sergt. Corp. Priv.Priv.Priv. Priv.
Priv.Priv.Priv.
Priv.Priv.
Priv. Priv, Priv.
ist Serg
Sergt. Corp. Corp.

Bull Run (2d)
Louisville, Ky.
Bull Run (2d)
Va.
Peach Tree
Creek, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Bull Run (2d)
BentonviUe, N.C.
MissionRidge
McDowell, Va
Resaca, Ga.
Madison, Ga
Gettysburg, Pa.
Bull Run (2d)
Gettysburg, Pa.
Gettysburg, Pa.
BentonviUe, N.C.
Kenesaw Mountain
Kenesaw Mountain
BentonviUe, N.C.
Kenesaw Mountain
Averasbor ough, N. C.
Bull Run (2d)
Near Davis-
borough, Ga
BentonviUe, N.C.
Siege of At
lanta
Chancellors ville, Va.
Kenesaw Mountain
Moorefield, W.Va.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Buzzard Roost, Ga.
Siege of At
lanta.
Resaca, Ga.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors ville, Va.
Peach Tree
Creek
Resaca, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Near Mem
phis

Aug. 30, '62
July 6, '65
Aug. 30, '62
July 20, '64
May 15, '64
May 15, '64
Aug. 30, '62
Mar. 19, '65
Nov. 25, '63
May 8, '62
May 15, '64
Nov. 19, '64
July 3. '63
Aug. 30, '62
July 3, '63
July 3, '63
Mar. 19, '65
June 21, '64
June zi, '64
Mar. 19, '65
June 22, '64
Mar, 16, '65
Aug. 30, '62
Nov. 26, '64
Mar. 19, '65
Aug. 12, '64
May 2, '63
June 22, '64
June 7, '62
May 2, '63
May 8, '64
Aug., '64.
May 15, '64
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
July 20, '64
May 15, '64
May 15, '64
April 27, '65

Killed.Killed (accidental gun
shot wound).
Killed. Killed.Died of wounds, May 22,
1864.
Killed.Killed,Killed.Killed.Diedinprison,July29,i862,Killed.
Diedinpnson, ) an, 29,1865.
Killed.Killed. Killed. Killed.
Died of wounds at New
York, May 28, 1865.
Killed. Died of wounds at Nash
ville, July 10, 1864.
Died of wounds, April 16,
1865.
Killed.Died of wounds at Golds
borough, April io, 1865.
Killed.
Captured and missing.
Died of wounds, Mar, 22,
1865.
Killed,Killed.
Killed.
Accidental pistol shot.
Killed.Killed.Died of wounds, Nash
ville, Sept. 8, 1864.
Killed, Died of wounds at Wash
ington, D.C., Sept. 25,
1862.
Killed. Killed.Died of wounds, May 22,
1864.
KiUed.Explosion of Steamer
"Sultana" on Missis-
I sippi. 

ROLL OF HONOR

263

Name

Brumby, Thomas
Gates, David
Leiser, Daniel
Minus, George W.
Opher, Henry
Shaner, Adam J.
Craun, William D.
Rumbaugh, James
Reynolds, David C.
Rumbaugh, William J.
Bridenstine, Joshua F.
Boyd, Geo. W.
Edwards, William F.
Kime, James M.
Klinefelter, Joseph
Nye, Benjamin F.
Sprout, Michael
Robinson, Horace
Stone, Charles M,
Bromley, Edward
Hopkins, Romain C.
Neiman, Herman F.
Burmingham, Patrick
Burr, Ira
Crater, Abraham
Dwire, William J.
Farr, Haskell
Fisher, William H.
Otto, Peter
Longstreet, Thomas A
Park, David W.
Smith, Giles F.
Thompson, Wm. H.
Troxel, Henry
Albert E. Peck
Mesnard, Eri
Conger, John B.
Perkey, Lewis
Spurrier, Dennis

Co. Rank

Priv.Priv. Priv.
Priv. Priv.
ist Serg
Sergt. Corp.Corp.Corp.Priv.
Priv.Priv,
Priv.Priv.
Priv.Priv.Capt.
Capt.
2dLieut Sergt. Corp.Priv.
Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.
Priv. Priv.Priv.
Capt.
Sergt. Corp.
Corp.
Corp.

Place

Chancellors ville, Va.
BentonviUe, N.C.
Averasbor ough, N. C.
Moorefield, W.Va.
Gettysburg, Pa.
Resaca, Ga.
Averasbor ough, N.C
Chancellors ville, Va.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors ville, Va.
Gettysburg, Pa.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Chancellors ville, Va-
Averas1 or-
ough, N. C.
MissionRidge
Resaca, Ga.
Bull Run (2d)
Peach Tree
Creek.
Gettysburg, Pa.
Resaca, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Gettysburg, Pa.
MissionRidge
Chancellors ville, Va.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors ville, Va.
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Bull Run (2d)
Resaca, Ga,
Kenesaw Mountain
Bull Run (2d)
Resaca, Ga.
Siege of At
lanta

Date

May 2, '63
Mar. 19, '65
Mar. 14, '65
April 14, '62
July 3. '63
May 15, '64
Mar. 16, '65
May 2, '63
May 2, '63
May 2, '63
May 15, '64
May 3, '63
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
July 3, '63
May 2, '63
May 2, '63
May 2, '63
Mar, 16, '65
Nov. 24, '63
May 15, '64
Aug. 30, '62
July 20, '64
July 2, '63
May 15, '64
May 15, '64
July 2, '63
Nov. 23, '63
May 2, '63
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
May 15, '64
May 2, '63
Aug. 30, '62
May 15, '64
June 22, '64
Aug. 31, '62
May 15, '64
Aug. 17, '64

Remarks

Died of wounds, Aug. 23,
1863.
Died of wounds, March 21,
1865,
Wounded, and left on
field.
Drowned while scouting.
Killed.
Killed,Killed.Killed.Killed.Killed.Killed.Killed.
Killed.Killed.Killed.
Killed. Died of wounds at Brooke
Station, May 24, 1863.
Killed.
Killed. Killed.Killed.Killed.
Killed. Killed.Died of wounds, May 31,
1864.
Died of wounds, May 31,
1864.
Died of wounds, Nov. 19,
1863.
Killed.Died of wounds, May 29,
1863.
Killed.Died of wounds, May 4,
1863.
Killed.Killed.Killed.Killed.
Killed.Killed.Killed. Died of wounds, Chatta
nooga, Sept. 3, 1864.

264

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS

Name

Case, Joseph E.
Case, Augustus B.
Crum, Frederick A.
Ditto, Adam
Dildine, JohnH. W.
Falkner, Abraham D.
Green, Ebenezer B.
Hinchey, Edward
Kuhlman, Samuel
Livensparger, Philip
Runner, George W.
Steward, George W.
Starkey, William
Seawalt, John A.
Tallman, William H.
York, John B.
Sykes, Andrew J.
Catlin, Mason
DePuy, Isaac
Beard, Randolph M.
Beck, Jacob F.
Freeh, John
Hunt, Edward M.
Johnson, Hiram M.
Pratt, George W.
Robinson, Joseph S.
Robinson, Jerome
Rawson, Oscar
Stille, Ernest
Welsh, Benjamin
Weise, Christian
Gilliland, David
Price, George B.
Berry, James
Henry, James
Hoover, Joseph
Ketterman, Levi
Leith, Francis M.
McFarland, Edward E.
Marquot, Peter
Sohn, John 

Co. Rank

Priv.Priv. Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv,Priv,
Priv.Priv.Priv.
ist Serg
Sergt.Sergt, Priv, Priv.Priv. Priv.Priv.Priv.Priv,
Priv.Priv. Priv.
ist Serg
Sergt,Corp.
Corp.Priv.Priv.
Priv. Priv.
Priv. Priv.
Priv.
Priv.

Place

Bull Run (2d)
Resaca, Ga.
Kenesaw Mountain
Near Fayette
ville, N. C.
BentonviUe, N.C.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Chancellors ville, Va.
Gettysburg, Pa.
Gettysburg, Pa.
Turner's Ferry, Ga.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors- s,Va.
Resaca, Ga.
Chancellors- i,Va.
Resaca, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Gettysburg, Pa.
BentonviUe, N.C.
Resaca, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Resaca, Ga.
Kenesaw Mountain
Chancellors ville, Va.
Bull Run (2d)
Averasbor ough, N. C.
Bull Run (2d)
Chancellors ville, Va.
Bull Run (2d)
Siege of At
lanta.
Franklin, W. Va.
Bull Run (2d)
New Hope
Church, Ga.
Bull Run (2d)
Magnolia Sta
tion, N. C.
Resaca, Ga.
Lookout Val
ley, Ga.
Bull Run (2d)

Date

Aug. 30, '62
May 15, '64
June 26, '64
Mar. 12, '65
Mar. 19, '65
May 2, '63
May 15, '64
May 2, '63
May 2, '63
May 2, '63
May 2, '63
July 4. '63
July 3. '63
Aug. 27, '64
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
May 15, '64
May 2, '63
May 15, '64
May 15, '64
July 3. '63
Mar. 19, '65
May 15, '64
May 15, '64
May 15, '64
June 19, '64
May 2, '63
Aug. 30, '62
Mar. 16, '65
Aug. 30, '62
May 2, '63
Aug. 30, '62
July, '64
May 27, '62
Aug. 30. '62
June 27, '64
Aug. 30, '62
April 12, '65
May 15, '64
Nov. 9, '63
Aug. 30, '62

Remarks

Killed.Killed. Killed.
Killed.Died of wounds, May 22,
1865.
Killed.
Died of wounds, July 27,
1864.
Killed.
Killed.Killed.
Killed. Died of wounds, July 14,
1863.
Killed.Killed.Killed.Killed.
Killed. Died of wounds, May 3,
1863.
Killed.Killed.Killed Killed.
Killed. Killed.
Died of wounds, July 2,
1864.
Died of wounds, June 26,
1864.
Killed.
Died of wounds, Sept. 4,
1862.
Killed.Killed.
Killed.Killed.Died of wounds, Aug. 31,
1864.
Died of wounds at Lynch
burg, Va.
Killed. Died of wounds, June 29,
1864.
Died of wounds, Sept. 27,
1802.
Killed.Died of wounds, May 17,
1864.
Killed by shell from Look
out Mountain.
Killed.

LIST OF KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED
BY BATTLES AND BY COMPANIES

Field and
Staff

COMPANIES

BATTLES

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

1

K

Total

i
23
I
5i
6 5
i5i i
23
II
i
7 I
342
362
I2
M
34
i
32 I
2
z
4
i
i
ii
2
2
4
42
6
i
29
b
i2
I
3 5
I
2
I
III
I
I2
II
I
II
II
I I
I
8
BentonviUe, N. C 
I
8
I
I
I
i
I
3
Total 
2
14
15
17
14
9
12
17
21
13
12
146
265
ORIGINAL MUSTER AND ADDITIONS DURING SERVICE
DECEMBER 7, 1861, TO JULY n, 1865

.2 4J
lie

ADDITIONS

Field Officers 
Staff Officers 
Non-Commissioned Staff 
Company Officers and Enrolled Men
Company A 
Company B 
Company C 
Company D 
Company E 
Company F 
Company G 
Company H 
Company 1 
Company K 
Band 

Total .

81
9726

1818
23 12
30
2728 14
3b

929

967

118

417

37
9
130 129
145144136
124
137134 13b 26

1,384

LOSS WHILE IN SERVICE

DEAD

DISCHARGED TOTAL

CASUALTIES

COMPANY

P-.
"fflA 4)
0 c
il

OJ
(/)<u
Q 0
-o
3

'a a *¦
aU
P

-a v
u
a
H

a0
a]
x a
ws oHo_ao
D

•a V
abo
'55

CO
9 ca
£*S
J* -a
en a
P <u
S

-a
TJ a90

0)
3
a.ra
O

Field and Staff 
A 
B 
C 
D 
E 
F 
G 
H 1 
K

2
14
1517
14 9
12 17
21 1312

II 3I
4 2
3 2 22
6
5o5i
44 59s 53533
19
130129 us144 136124 137i3i I3A 26
3
19 143 21 lb2134 1417
8
1211 8
IB 11 9
1013 4
313°
$ 32 26
28 3i 3i
12
13 977
10 887 9
12 5
1521 II
IS 13 II
?26
7 3b
15 3 I 5
24
146
101
321
90
151
38
537
1,384
200
78
*By order of War Department.
266
"One equal temper oj heroic hearts."
ROLL OF VETERANS.
List of members of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry who
re-enlisted as Veteran Volunteers, at Lookout Valley, Tennessee, in
1864. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF
January i, 1864: William E. Childs.
COMPANY A
January i, 1864: William E. Miller, Ross C. Tremain, Thomas
Beckley, Henry R. Carver, Stephen Beckley, David McCormick,
Martin J. Ford, George B. Goodell, Charles Haler, Henry Henney,
John Gleason, Henry J. Hay ward, Elias Smith, Alonzo Corser, John
Peightal, Lyman T. Ford, Wilham Sowards, Asahel P. Smith,
Russell S. Williams, George O. Winters, James Sowards, Jonas
Shumaker, Moses W. Wilt, Thomas A. Kunkel, Benjamin Zim
merman, WiUiam Stegman, Samuel Henney, George W. Orwig,
Charles H. Welch, James Slinker, Benjamin F. Fulkerson, Uriah M.
Eckhart, Philip Beckley. February 23, 1864: William H. Hassinger.
I COMPANY B
January i, 1864: Orrin Stearns, David Baird, William Sabins,
Celius W. Worman, William Werner, Charles Beckwith, Felix H.
Beck, John Barrie, Abraham Burket, Adam L. Cramer, James F.
Cook, Adam Cramer, Samuel Disinger, Leonard Doke, John Fink,
John G. Green, Alonzo L. Heminger, Frank H. Heyler, Rufus R.
Harris, John A. Jones, Charles F. Munger, Martin Nighswander,
Andrew Nighswander, Robert Nighswander, Henry J. Pelton, John
W. Rumple, John F. Swaney, Solomon Sheller, William H. Baird.
February 25, 1864: Socratus Brooks. 267

268 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
COMPANY C
January i, 1864: Jonathan Welch, Andrew W. Clawson, Albert
Miles, Wilham A. Crawford, Charles C. Lowe, Henry J. Fay, William
B. Seaman, James Hartney, Henry Sheminaur, James H. Stage,
Robert Young, Alonzo Keeler, Robert A. Baldwin, Xavier Burgmeyer,
Hiram Gregory, Silas Brown, Anthony A. Simmons, John Taylor,
Lewis Roberts, Frank P. Bartow, Azenia A. Nichols, John C. Purdy,
Henry Hess, Francis M. Nichols, Robert Blake, Enoch M. Bell,
Benjamin Tanner, David A. Warren, Henry B. Warren.
COMPANY D
January i, 1864: Evelyn E. Husted, Loren C. Hill, Charles L.
Hurlbut, Charles H. Horton, Michael Hartnick, Alonzo B. Keeler,
Gustave Knapp, John Keller, Peter Ludwig, Luther B. Mesnard,
Jairus H. Rowland, John Stoutenour, William K. Starr, Adolph
Sibold, Anthony Steinley, Abner D. Twaddle, Thomas C. Taylor,
Sumner A. Wing, Theodore M. Wood, Joseph Zimmerman, Jacob
Brown, Robert E. Bailey, Finley Benson, George H. Bailey, Alvin
B. Chase, George Collingwood, Charles Florence, Jacob Goble, John
Hannerott, Samuel Ashbolt.
COMPANY E
January i, 1864: George H. Motley, Benjamin Proute, James
H. Lowry, Anson Pease, Myron B. Runyan, Henry Heffron, Ambrose
Rice, Henry Baxtine, John Cowpe, John W. Saltman, John Winkle-
pleck, John Bellman, Alpheus J. Peck, John H. Boss, Jr., Robert
R. Scott, Allen E. Winters, John Coppin, Sterling H. Post, Benjamin
Pease, Melville Jameson, John Bowers, Edward Sharp, Frank Wyatt,
Ira S. Jump, Edwin T. Hood, William Callin, Benjamin C. Robinson,
David Gates, William Jones, Jedediah D. Smith, Henry W. Crosby.
COMPANY F
January i, 1864: William E. Luman, John B. Gatchell, Taylor
Filson, John Lambright, John Mirar, Henry Hapwood, James A.
Kittle, WilUam Rook, Jeremiah Pisel, Hugh M. Vanwagoner, Ben
jamin F. Meyers, John R. Meyers, William Harley, Anson Brewer,

ROLL OF VETERANS 269
Francis M. Edwards, Joseph N. Lane, David Warner, William D.
Craun, Adam J. Shaner, Joseph Schindoff, John Byers, Moses Brown,
Uriah Sour.
COMPANY G
January i, 1864: Albert Bloomer, James Lanning, George W.
Wert, George A. Blackwell, James T. Boyd, Isaac Bowerman, James
McGrady, Darius C. Harris, WiUard J. Davis, William H. Karschner,
Robert R. Gardner, Charles F. Ricketson, Murray Bromley, Patrick
Burmingham, Hobart B. Olds, Asa F. Osborn, Burton H. Parsons,
Romain C. Hopkins, PhUip Cann, Otho H. Hull, Clinton Paines,
William H. Robison, Samuel Sherman, Elisha P. WUkinson, Joseph
Fisher, Charles W. Shetterley, William J. McFarland, Amos Metzgar,
Jason H. Osborn, Abraham Crater, James H. GaUup, William H.
Rodgers, Return B. Forster, Charles A. Lapham. February 24,
1864: Joseph E. Osborn.
COMPANY H
January i, 1864: James P. Boston, Enoch B. Watson, Charles
L. WUson, Michael Shinier, Thomas B. Fox, Horace R. Starks,
Samuel Stom, Jonathan Shell, Dennis Spurrier, Corwin K. Sites,
Moses Pugh, Lewis Perky, Lewis Peck, Lewis Mesnard, Edwin S.
Morse, Joseph McConahy, Eri Mesnard, Jacob Myer, William W.
Lawton, John L. King, Clark M. Kline, Ebenezer B. Green, Addison
Golden, Jacob Fronce, Benjamin Dunlap, Adam Ditto, Robert G.
Dutcher, John H. W. Dildine, Augustus B. Case, Horace M. Cham
berlain, Frederick A. Crum, George W. Button, Sidney C. Brown,
Charles H. Boroff, John Burket. January 16, 1864: Thomas S.
Hosier. March io, 1864: Isaac Reid.
COMPANY I
January i, 1864: Joseph McConnell, Charles Clark, Joseph S.
Robinson, Burdett Goodell, Edmund Franklin, George F. May, John
Fewson, John Shea, Randolph M. Beard, Joseph Benson, Charles
A. Carr, OUver B. Johnson, Harvey A. Coss, Warren V. Franklin,
Minor L. Day, William H. Barber, Andrew J. Sykes, Robert Fewson,
Jerome Franklin, Jonathan L. Shamp, Emory Owen, Hiram M.

270 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Johnson, Isaac Depuy, Alonzo D. Barber, Henry E. Boroughf.
January 3, 1864: John Reimal. February 24, 1864: Joseph Zuber.
COMPANY K
January i, 1864: George B. Price, Isaac Dippery, Nelson H.
Counterman, Calvin Dodge, Henry J. Compton, Samuel P. Doebler,
Henry Farenbaugh, WiUiam H. Cole, Henry W. Miller, Reuben
Dodge, Aaron McCoy, George Rineberger, Frederick Rieser, An
thony Vogel, WilUam Winch, Henry Carr, Francis M. Leith, David
Malay, Hugh Guthrie, John Halbedal, Joseph Hoover, Levi Adams,
John Bowsher, Frederick Althauser, John Quackenbush, John
Rinkard, Charles Tucker, Henry Little, Conrad Miller, William
Farenbaugh, George W. Hawk, WiUiam Goodin, George H. Clark,
Jesse W. Branderburgh, Charles McClary, Samuel Cox, Elias Morris,
PhUetus C. Lathrop, Charles D. AUison. February io, 1864:
Alvarado Quackenbush. February ii, 1864: WilUam H. Edging-
ton.
CHAS. P. WICKHAM, C. B. GAMBEE,
Captain 55th Regt. O. V. I., Col. 55th Regt. O. V. I.
Special Mustering Officer.

ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH
OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY
1862
The West Virginia Campaign
January 25: Traveled from Camp McClellan en route to Grafton, W. Va.,
by railroad. January 26: Arrived at Grafton (passed Benwood at night).
Joined Schenck's brigade, Lander's division, Army of West Virginia, W. S.
Rosecrans commanding. 302 miles.
February 3: Grafton to New Creek by railroad. 79 miles. February 6:
Expedition to Romney; camped in the snow. 15 miles. February 9: Returned
to New Creek. 15 miles. February 10: Expedition to Moorefield; 73d Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Orland Smith commanding, accompanied. 10 miles.
February 11: Marched 20 miles. February 13-14: Returned from Moorefield to
New Creek. 30 miles. February 18: Returned to Camp Kelley, Grafton, by
railroad; measles in camp. 79 miles.
March 31: Moved from Grafton to Green Spring Run by rail. 116 miles.
April 1: In camp at Green Spring Run, Va.; order issued by quartermaster;
train, wagons, mules, etc. April 3: Marched to Springfield, Va. 6 miles.
April 6: Marched to Romney, Va., Colonel Lee commanding; distance from
Springfield, 8 miles. April 15: Marched en route to Moorefield. 22 miles.
April 17: Arrived at Moorefield; Schenck's brigade organized. April 29:
Marched from Moorefield; followed the south branch of the Potomac River;
difficult mountain trail; companies D, G, and E left at Moorefield. 6 miles.
[Note. — Expedition under Lieutenant Boalt, Company D; Umbaugh killed,
and others wounded.]
May 1: Arrived at Petersburg. 10 miles. May 3: Marched from Peters
burg towards Franklin, crossing the south branch of the Potomac River. 10
miles. May 5: Arrived at Franklin; camped 9 miles south, rr miles. May 6:
Marched south toward Monterey; Lieutenant-Colonel Safford detached to scout,
with three companies. May 7: Joined Milroy at McDowell; forced march —
34 miles in 24 hours. May 8: Battle of Bull Pasture Mountain. May 9:
Marched north. May 10: Marched north; halted at the junction of the road
to Monterey, 13 miles from McDowell; remained there from 8 a. m. to 2 P. M.
12 miles. May 1 1: Arrived at Franklin. 9 miles. May 14: Arrival of Blenker's
division. General Fremont arrived with advance brigade; serious shortage of
provisions; skirmishing at Franklin. May 15: Reorganization of Schenck's
brigade. 271

272 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
The " Cross Keys " Campaign
May 25: Marched from Franklin north. 12 miles. May 26: Arrived at
Petersburg. 9 miles. May 29: Arrived at Moorefield. 16 miles. May 30-31:
Crossed Branch Mountain, Shenandoah Mountains. 30 miles.
June 1: Marched at 7 a. m.; cannonading; in line of battle at 10:30 A. M.;
heavy rains. 15 miles. June 2: Marched early, over heavy roads. 10 miles.
June 3: Passed through Woodstock in the morning; dinner at Edinburgh;
camped at Mt. Jackson at n p. M. 22 miles. June 4: Bivouacked at Mt.
Jackson. June 5: Crossed the Shenandoah River; camped at New Market.
8 miles. June 6: Marched early; halted near Harrisonburg and supported the
cavalry in action; Rebel General Ashby killed. 17 miles. June 7: Made a
reconnaissance toward Cross Keys, returning at 10 P. M. 10 miles. June 8:
Battle of Cross Keys; thunder storm. 5 miles. June 9: Pursuit of Jackson
to Shenandoah River. 5 miles. June 10: Marched to Harrisonburg. 10
miles. June 12: Marched to Mt. Jackson. 18 miles. June 19: Marched
to Woodstock. June 20: Marched to Strasburg. June 24: Marched to
Middletown. 24 miles. General Pope assumed command of the Army of
Virginia; reorganization. June 27: Arrival at Middletown of the camp equipage
left at Petersburg; General Schenck assumed command of the ist Corps, Army
of Virginia; General Pope issued a general order; General Fremont relieved of
command. June 30: Camped at Middletown; General Sigel assumed command
of the ist Corps, Army of Virginia.
The "Second Bull Run" Campaign
July 4: At Middletown; reorganization of the 2d Brigade. July 7: Drew
Enfield rifles; marched via Front Royal from Middletown. July 8: Marched to
Front Royal. 10 miles. July 9: Marched to Thornton's Gap; cherry-trees in
fruit. 18 miles. July 10: Marched to SperryviUe, crossing the Blue Ridge.
12 miles. July 14: In camp at SperryviUe. July 25: Quartermaster A. G.
Pennington resigned.
August 8: Marched at 5 p. m. toward Culpeper; on the march all night;
distance about 28 miles. August 9: Battle of Cedar Mountain; arrived
at Culpeper at 11 A. M.; marched 3 miles south; bivouacked on the battle
field. August 14: Marched to Robertson's River. 5 miles. August 18:
Marched to Culpeper. 8 miles. August 19: Marched to Rappahannock
Station. 15 miles. Band mustered out by order of the War Department;
recruiting party sent home. August 22: Marched northeast. 8 miles. Ar
tillery duel at Freeman's Ford. August 23: Marched up the river. 5 miles.
August 24: Marched from Sulphur Springs Station to East Waterloo Bridge.
5 miles. August 25: Marched at midnight for Warrenton. August 26: Reached
Warrenton at daybreak. 10 miles. Rested all day. August 27: Marched via
Buckland's Mills to Gainesville. 13 miles. August 28: Marched southeast;
crossed Manassas Gap Railroad; very hot and dusty; much useless manoeu
vring; camped at night near Groveton, parallel to Warrenton turnpike on the

ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 273
Henry House Hill. 8 miles. August 29: Manoeuvred past Groveton, south
west. 2 miles. Artillery shelled our woods. August 30: In line north of
Warrenton pike, near the Dogan House, till noon; then moved to the left of
the pike, supporting a battery; at 4:30 P. M. retired to Bald Hill and, wheeling,
joined the brigade amid hot firing; at 6 P. M. Corporal Bellamy was killed by
a solid shot in the Valley of Young's Branch; marched for Centreville at 10 p. M.
5 miles. August 31: Arrived at Centreville at daybreak. Bivouacked all day.
September I: Marched from Centreville to Fairfax. 8 miles. September 2:
Marched from Fairfax Court House to Chain Bridge. 17 miles. General
Order No. 129 issued: ist Corps, Army of Virginia, changed to nth Corps,
Army of the Potomac. September 10: Marched to Fort DeKalb. 2 miles.
September 22: Marched to Centreville. 22 miles. September 25: Buschbeck's raid.
Marched from Centreville at 2 p. M. to Weirs House, 1 mile from Manassas
Junction. September 26: Marched at daybreak; halted at Bristoe Station at
11 a. m.; advanced to Catlett; attacked the enemy, 300 strong, in cars; camped
at Warrenton Junction. 12 miles.
In the Defences of Washington
September 27: Marched to Bristoe Station. 9 miles. September 28:
Marched to Centreville. 9 miles. September 29: Camped at Centreville.
October 1: At Centreville; Major DeWolf resigned. October 2: Captain
Gambee promoted to Major. October 27: Reorganization of the nth Corps
as follows: General Sigel commanding the nth Corps; General J. Stahel the
ist Division; and General N. C. McLean the 2d Brigade, consisting of the 25th,
55th, 75th, and 82d Ohio. October 31: Captain Ira C. Terry resigned.
November 2: Marched from Centreville to Manassas Junction. Ordered to
cover Thoroughfare and Hopewell Gaps and New Baltimore. 9 miles. No
vember 3: Marched to Gainesville. 9 miles. November 6: Thoroughfare Gap.
November 7: Waterloo Bridge. 5 miles. November 9: General Burnside
assumed command of the Army of the Potomac, reUeving General McClellan;
marched to Hopewell Gap. 5 miles. November 18: Marched from Hopewell
Gap via Sudley Springs to Stone Bridge, Bull Run. 12 miles. November 19:
Marched from Stone Bridge to Chantilly. 8 miles. November 20 to December
9: In camp at Chantilly. The Fredricksburg Campaign
December 10: Marched from Chantilly south. 15 miles. December 11:
Marched via Wolf Run Shoals. December 12: Marched to near Dumfries. 10
miles. December 13: Marched from Dumfries, via Aquia Creek, to Falmouth.
18 miles. December 17: Camped at Stafford Court House. During the month
the brigade was reorganized at Stafford Court House (2d Brigade, ist Divis
ion, nth Corps). December 18 to January 19: In camp near Stafford Court
House.

274 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
1863
January 20: Marched to Belle Plain Landing. 10 miles. Ordered to cover
ground from Falmouth to Hartwood Church, ist Brigade moved to Belle
Plain Landing; nth and 12th Corps, Grand Reserve Division, General Sigel
commanding; General Stahel assigned to command of cavalry; General Carl
Schurz commanding the corps; McLean the ist Division; Richardson (25th
Ohio) the ist Brigade. January 22: Marched to Brooke Station. 8 miles.
January 20 to January 24: The " Mud March." 8 miles. January 26: General
Hooker assumed command of the Army of the Potomac.
"Winter Camp"
February 1: Marched to Belle Plain Landing. 8 miles. Grand Reserve
Division abrogated; General Sigel assumed command of the nth Corps.
February 12: General Sigel requested to be relieved of the command; General
Hooker reluctantly consented; Captain F. A. Wildman resigned. February 13:
General A. von Steinwehr temporarily in command.
March 1: Bristoe Station; George H. Safford, Lieutenant-Colonel, resigned.
March 4: Major C. B. Gambee promoted; Captain D. S. Brown resigned,
March 6: Captain H. N. Shipman resigned. March 16: Captain A. S. Bement
resigned. F. J. Sauter promoted to Captain Company B; corps badges first
used. March 18: Review by General Stahel ; bade troops adieu ; Colonel Lee
replies in happy style. March 31: General O. O. Howard assigned to the nth
Corps temporarily. The Chancellorsville Campaign
April 1: At Brooke Station. April 8: Review by President Lincoln of the
2d Corps, General Couch; of the 5th Corps, General Sickles; of the 6th Corps,
General Sedgwick. April 10: Review of the nth Corps, General Howard.
April II to 27: In camp at Brooke Station. April 15: General Order War
Department No. 96; General O. O. Howard assigned to command of the nth
Corps. April 20: Brigadier-General Charles Devens assigned to the nth Corps.
AprU 27: Marched from Brooke Station to Hartwood Church; 8 days' rations;
hot weather. 14 miles. [2 Field Officers, n Staff, 23 Line, 99 Non-commis
sioned Officers, 343 Men.] April 28: Marched from Hartwood Church to
Kelly's Ford, Rappahannock River. 14 miles. Camped at 4 P. M. April 29:
Marched from Kelly's Ford to Germanna Ford, Rapidan River; followed the
12th Corps; camped very late. 12 miles. April 30: Marched on Plank road.
9 miles. May 1: In line of battle near the TaUey House. May 2: Same till 5 =30 p. M.;
attacked by the enemy on right flank and rear; formed at 10 p. M. near the Chan
ceUor House. May 6: Crossed the Rappahannock River at United States Ford.
Marched 12 miles. Camp at Brooke Station. May 8: Lieutenant-Colonel C.
B. Gambee promoted to Colonel to succeed John C. Lee, who resigned on the

ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO **7S
same date; Major James M. Stevens promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel to succeed
Gambee; Captain R. Robbins promoted to Major to succeed Stevens. May
li: Brooke Station. May 31: 33d Massachusetts, 136th New York, 73d
Ohio, 53th Ohio, assigned to 2d Brigade, 2d Division, Colonel Orland Smith
commanding. The Gettysburg Campaign
June 12: Marched to Hartwood Church. 14 miles. June 13: Marched
to Catlett Station. 22 miles. Camped on Cedar Run near Orleans and
Alexandria Railroad bridge; water very scarce. June 14: Marched through
Manassas Junction toward CentreviUe. 20 miles. June 15: Marched to
CentreviUe. 4 miles. June 17: Marched to Cowhorn Ford or Trappe Rock,
Goose Creek; very hard march; hot; camped 6 miles from Leesburg. 20 miles.
June 20: Moved to east bank of the creek. June 21: The 55th was detached to
guard Grimes's Ford, \yi miles north; fine water. June 24: Marched to Ed
wards's Ferry, Potomac River; joined division en route. 10 miles. June 25:
Marched to Jefferson, Md.; crossed the Potomac River; marched via Pooles-
viUe; many Union flags and friendly greetings. 18 miles. June 26: Marched
from Jefferson to Middletown; band played for the citizens; rain all the morning;
citizens demonstrative; 55th on provost duty. 8 miles. June 28: Marched
from Middletown to Turner's Gap, South Mountain; ist Brigade further up the
pass; bivouacked at 1 A. M. 12 miles. June 29: Marched to Emmettsburg;
started at 7 A. M.; marched straight through, 37 miles in 25 hours; Stone pike;
rain. 25 miles.
July 1: Marched to Gettysburg, following ist Corps, ist and 3d Divisions;
nth Corps in advance. 12 miles. Posted as a reserve at the comer of Em
mettsburg and Taneytown roads; slept on arms in the cemetery. July 2:
Battle of Gettysburg; fierce attack of Louisiana Tigers; hand-to-hand fight on
Cemetery Hill over the artiUery; complete repulse of the enemy. 4 miles.
July 3: Battle of Gettysburg; fierce fighting; Pickett's charge. July 4: Battle
of Gettysburg; hard rain in the morning; shortage of rations. July 5: Marched
to Rock Creek; camped at 11 p. M.; muddy roads. 5 miles. July 6: Marched
to Emmettsburg; camped at 1:30 A. M. 10 miles. July 7: Marched to near
Middletown (6 miles northeast); severe march over awful roads; cherries ripe.
20 miles. July 8: Marched to Turner's Gap, South Mountain; over the moun
tain in hard rain; scene from the summit when the fog fifted. (News of Vicks-
burg's surrender.) 4 miles. July 10: Marched to Beaver Creek. 7 miles.
July 12: Marched to Funkstown. 7 miles. July 14: Marched via Hagerstown
to Williamsport. 10 miles. July 15: Marched via Hagerstown to Middletown;
forced march. 20 miles. July 16: Marched via Jefferson to BerUn. 10 miles.
July 17: Rain. July 19: Crossed the Potomac; marched to near Hamilton, via
Lovettsville and Waterford; oppressive weather. 18 miles. July 20: Marched
via Mt. Gilead to MountsviUe. 18 miles. July 23: Marched to New Balti
more via Middleburg and White Plains; very hot; blackberries plenty. 24
miles. July 25: Marched to Warrenton Junction, arriving at noon; severe

276 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
march; very hot. 17 miles. July 30: BrentsviUe; camped at 2 a. m. on the
ist of August.
August 1: Marched at daylight; severest march of the campaign; great heat;
no water. 12 miles. August 2: Moved to Catlett Station. August 3: Sheet
iron from cars burned in Pope's campaign used for huts. August 6: General
Gordon's Division (ist nth Army Corps) leaves the army for Charleston,
S. C; Captain Wickham with Gordon. August 18: Marched to Bristoe Station.
September I: Camped at Bristoe Station; Catlett Station. September 24:
Marched to Manassas Junction; started at midnight; General Joseph Hooker
assigned to command of the nth and 12th Corps. Total distance marched
on Gettysburg campaign, 341 miles.
Chattanooga — The Knoxville Campaign
September 2$: Marched from Manassas Junction to Washington; got cars
at noon; left Washington at sunset. September 26: At Harper's Ferry in the
morning; New Creek at sunset. September 27: Grafton at daylight; Benwood
at noon; passed ZanesviUe and Columbus at night. September 28: Dayton in
the morning; Indianapolis about sunset; marched to soldiers' barracks for
supper. September 29: Passed through Louisville, Ky.; Nashville in the after
noon. September 30: Arrived at Bridgeport at noon. 994 miles in 6 days.
Explosion of fixed ammunition.
October 10: Marched to Stevenson, Ala. October 13: Election for Governor;
Regiment gave unanimous vote for John Brough. October 21: General Grant
arrived at Stevenson en route to Chattanooga. October 27: Crossed Tennessee
River at Bridgeport; marched to Whitesides at 8 p. M. 6 miles. October 28:
Marched at 5 a. m to Lookout Valley (noon); camped at Brown's Ferry at
5 p. M.; skirmish with the enemy from Lookout Mountain; on picket duty at
night. 28 miles. October 29: Camped on slope of Smith's Hill; enemy used
artiUery on the wagon-train from KeUey's Ferry. 2 miles.
November 22: Marched at 1:30 p. M. to Chattanooga, crossing river at
Brown's Ferry and Chattanooga; bivouacked in front of Fort Wood. 5 miles.
November 23: At 3 P. M. advanced to the railroad; in reserve to 14th and 4th
Corps; advanced on Orchard Knob. 2 miles. November 24: In line all day.
Lieutenant Bromley killed. November 25: Marched at 10:45 a. m. to Sher
man's pontoon bridge; thence to Boyce Station; assault of the Army of the Cum
berland at 5 P. M. 3 miles. November 26: Marched at dayUght in pursuit of
the enemy; camped near Graysville. November 27: Marched from Graysville
to Parker's Gap and to Red Clay Station, and returned n P. M.; destroyed
railroad at Red Clay. 27 miles. November 28: Camped all day near Parker's
Gap. November 29: Marched from Parker's Gap to Cleveland, Tenn. 18
miles. November 30: Marched to Charleston on the Hiawassee River. 10 miles.
December I: Marched to Athens. 17 miles. Camped at 5 p. m. December
2: Marched to Philadelphia. 20 miles. Camped near Loudon at 8 p. M.
December 3: Marched through Loudon; camped on the Little Tennessee. 5

ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 277
miles. December 4: Camp near Loudon. December 5: At 1 A. M. marched
across the river toward Unitia; camped near LouisviUe, arriving via Morganton.
24 miles. December 7: Started march in return. 15 miles. Camped at 5 P. M.
December 8: Marched toward Chattanooga. 12 miles. Camped at Sweet
Water. December 9: Marched at 7:30 p. M. to Athens. 12 miles. December
12: Marched at 7 a. m. to Charleston. 18 miles. Camped at n A. M. Decem
ber 13: Marched at 7 a. m. to Cleveland. 9 miles. December 16: Passed through
McDaniel's Gap. 12 miles. Big rainstorm. December 17: Marched from
the Gap to camp in Lookout Valley. 24 miles. Large number of bare-foot
men; Captain Osborn in charge. 232 miles, total.
I864
January 11: Re-enlistment as Veterans, and Veteran furlough. January 11:
27 officers, 423 men (118 men transferred to 136th New York Volunteers).
February 11: Returned from Veteran furlough. February 12: In camp at
Lookout VaUey. 520 miles.
April 10: General O. O. Howard supersedes General Granger in command
of the 4th Corps. April 14: 20th Corps organized by consoUdation of nth
and 12th Corps, General Joseph Hooker commanding; 3d Division, Major-
General D. Butterfield commanding; 3d Brigade (20th Connecticut, 33d Massa
chusetts, 136th New York, 55th Ohio, 73d Ohio, 26th Wisconsin), Colonel James
Wood commanding. (20th Connecticut joined late in May.)
The Atlanta Campaign
May 2: 6 a. m. marched from Lookout VaUey to Lee and Gordon's Mills
via Rossville and Chickamauga battle-field. 15 miles. May 4: Marched
from Lee and Gordon's MiUs to Pleasant Grove Church, near Taylor's
Ridge on East Chickamauga Creek, n miles. May 6: From Pleasant Grove
Church to Leet's Tannery on Pea Vine Creek. 6% miles. May 7: From
Leet's Tannery to Wood's Store, passing through Gordon's Gap, Taylor's Ridge.
15X miles. May 8: Moved to reconnoitre Buzzard Roost Gap. Companies
B and D assaulted and captured hill in the Gap. May 9: Regiment moved to
foot of captured hill; marched in the afternoon to Pleasant Grove Church, near
Wood's Store. 2 miles. May 11: Marched at 4 A. M. to and into Snake Creek
Gap. 14 miles. Camped at noon; did work on road in the Gap. May 12:
Marched at 10 A. M. toward and through the Gap. 4 miles. May 13: Marched
toward Resaca; formed Une in rear of left of 15th Corps; relieved at midnight
by Morgan's brigade, 14th Corps. 3 miles. May 14: Skirmished with the
enemy; erected breastworks. May 15: Marched at dayUght to the left of the
army, near the Dalton and Resaca road. 3 miles. Assaulted the enemy's
line at 1 P. M.; Colonel Gambee, Major Robbins, and Captain Peck killed.
May 16: Marched through Resaca; crossed the Oostenaula River at Field's
Mill, 11:30 p. M. 16 miles. May 17: Marched from Field's Ferry on the

278 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
CassviUe road. 17 miles. Camped at 9 p. M. May 18: Marched toward
CassviUe "cross-lots." 17^2 miles. Reached GraveUy Plateau at 4 P. M.;
skirmished with the enemy. May 19: Marched due south toward Two Run
Creek. 10 miles. Enemy in force very near; advanced on Cassville at 5 p. M.
May 20: In camp near CassviUe. May 23: Marched to Euharlee (south of
the Etowah River). 16 miles. May 24: Marched to Burnt Hickory. 18
miles. May 25: Marched from Burnt Hickory to near New Hope Church. 8
miles. Attacked enemy on their left flank at 4 p. M. ; reUeved at midnight; heavy
rain. May 26: Bivouacked. May 27: Marched to the right and rear of the
Corps. 3 miles. May 28: ReUeved the ist Brigade, 3d Division, in the front
line; worked on intrenchments.
June 1: Marched at noon from New Hope Church to the left of the army.
5 miles. June 2: Marched to the left near McLean House, 2 miles in the rear
of Hovey's brigade, 23d Corps. June 4: In bivouac. June 6: Marched on
the Ackworth road, near the Sandtown road crossing. 2 miles. June 7:
In trenches. June 15; Marched at 2 p. M. on the Sandtown road. 2 miles.
June 17: Marched at 9 A. M. toward Noyes Creek. 2 miles. June 18: Biv
ouacked in the trenches. June 19: Marched on DaUas and Marietta road,
crossing Noyes Creek. 3 miles. In Une near Kenesaw Mountain. June 20:
Marched to the right to support the ist Division; returned to camp. 3 miles.
June 21: Marched to reconnoitre the enemy in front at n A. M. 2 miles.
136th New York, 55th Ohio, and 73d Ohio Volunteer Infantry in reserve; the
55th did all the work. June 22: Marched against the enemy's Une; charged
the hill; were reUeved at 5 P. M.; marched to right in support of the ist Division.
3 miles. June 23: Marched to the Powder Springs road; position behind two
brigades. 2 miles. June 24: In the works near Powder Springs road. June
27: Moved to the front hill.
July 1: The enemy retired from Kenesaw Mountain at night. 3 miles.
July 2: Marched on the Marietta road two miles, then south on the Sandtown
road. July 3: Bivouacked. July 4: Marched south; built works; enemy
retreated. 2 miles. July 5: Marched in pursuit, very slowly; crossed Nickajack
Creek. 3 miles. Camped on the west bank, two miles from the Chattahoochie
River. July 6: Moved to the east bank of Nickajack Creek. 1% miles.
Camped. July 17: Marched at 3 p. m.; crossed the Chattahoochie River at
Pace's Ferry; marched northeast three miles; camped near Nancy's Creek.
July 18: Marched toward Buck Head on the Dalton road; arrived at 5 P. M.
5 miles. Took position on the left of Buck Head south of the Decatur road.
July 20: Marched, crossing Peach Tree Creek at n A. M.; deployed to the right;
enemy assaulted the line at 3 p. m.; sharp fighting. 2 miles. July 22: Marched
to near Atlanta; made breastworks. 3 miles. July 23: Moved to right; re
lieved Ruger's brigade, ist Division. 1 mile. Worked aU night on breast
works. July 30: Marched to the right to support Davis's division near East
Point. 5 miles.
August 2: Returned to the main line; built works on the right of the 2d

ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 279
Division, near 16th Corps. August 3: Built breastworks. August 7: Worked
all night on new line of works in advance. August 8: Moved into new line.
August 9: Worked at night on advance Une. August 10: Moved to advanced
Une. August 25: Withdrew from Une across Proctor's Creek. 2 miles. Halted.
August 26: Marched at 2 A. m. to Turner's Ferry, Chattahoochie River. 5
miles. Built breastworks. August 27: In the defences at Turner's Ferry;
attacked by the enemy under General French.
September 1: Enemy retreated from Atlanta at night. September 2: Detach
ment of 400 men under Major Wickham and Captain Smith entered Atlanta
and remained there. September 4: Marched into Atlanta. 7 miles. Camped
on the south side. Distance marched from Chattanooga to Atlanta, 261 miles.
The "March to the Sea"
November 11: Army of Georgia organized, Major-General Slocum com
manding; Brigadier-General A. S. WiUiams commanding the 20th Corps;
Brigadier-General W. T. Ward the 3d Division; Colonel Samuel Ross the 3d
Brigade (20th Connecticut, 33d Massachusetts, 136th 'New York, 55th Ohio,
73d Ohio, and 26th Wisconsin). November 75.- Marched from Atlanta at 7
A. m. east to Stone Mountain. 9 miles. November 16: Marched to the YeUow
River at Rock Bridge. 15 miles. Camped 1 mile east. November 17:
Marched to Sheffield. 16 miles. November 18: Marched [to Social Circle.
15 miles. Camped; destroyed railroad. November 19: Marched to Madison
through Rutledge; destroyed railroad and cotton at the depot. 7 miles.
Camped 4 miles southeast. November 20: Marched to Eatonton. 12 miles.
Hard frost at night. November 21: Marched through Eatonton toward Mil-
ledgeviUe. 13 miles. Camped at Dennis Station. November 22: Marched
to MilledgeviUe. 10 miles. November 24: Marched to Hebron, crossing
Bluff Creek. 13 miles. November 25: • Marched to SandersviUe, crossing
Buffalo Creek. 8 miles. November 26: Were posted to guard trains and
artiUery aU day. November 27: Marched 'to Davisborough. 15 miles.
November 28: Marched with train to Louisville. 12 miles. November 29:
Guarded trains at Louisville; crossed the Ogeechee River. 9 miles. Novem
ber 30: At LouisviUe.
December I: Marched through Birdville. 13 miles. Camped on Bark
Camp Creek. December 2: Marched to Buck Head Court House. 11 miles.
December 3: Crossed railroad 3 miles above MiUen; camped on Horse Creek
at midnight. 15 miles. December 4: Broke camp at 7:30 A. M.; marched to
the Little Ogeechee River. 15 miles. Rain; horrible roads. December 5:
Marched south toward Sylvania. 6 miles. December 6: Marched to Spring
field. 13 miles. December 7: Marched south toward Monteith to Turkey
Creek. 10 Miles. December 8: Marched toward Monteith plantation. 10
miles. December 9: Marched to Monteith. 9 miles. December 10: Marched
south to the defences of Savannah. 10 miles. The 55th in advance. December
11: Camped before defences; Winegar's battery captured the steamer "Reso-

280 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
lute" and 7 officers and 16 men. December 19: In line between the Savannah
River and the Georgia Central Railroad; skirmishing and picket duty. Decem
ber 21: At 6 A. M. found the enemy's Une abandoned and entered Savannah.
Distance marched from Atlanta to Savannah, 295 miles.
1865
The Carolina Campaign
January 1: In camp 1 mile northwest of Savannah, Ga.; marched across
to the river. 3 miles. Heavy rains; went back to camp. January 2: Crossed
the Savannah River on the steamboat "Planter"; landed at Cheves's Landing;
marched to Hardee's Farm via Union Causeway. 6 miles. January 4: In
camp at Hardee's Farm. January 16: Brevet Brigadier-General Wm. Cogswell
took command of the brigade (Colonel Ross on leave of absence); brigade
organization, 20th Connecticut, 33d Massachusetts, 55th and 73d Ohio, and
136th New York: 88 officers and 1,399 men. January 17: Marched to Hardee-
viUe on Charleston and Savannah Railroad. 8 miles. January 29: Marched
north on the RobertsviUe road; camped near Bethel Church. 15 miles. Very
cold. January 30: Marched north to RobertsviUe. 7 miles. January 31:
Marched to Maner's Plantation and camped. 1 mile. Worked on Sisters'
Ferry (corduroy) road. 1 mile.
February 1: In camp on Sisters' Ferry road, near RobertsviUe. February
2: Marched northeast to near LawtonviUe; advanced to the left in Une of battle.
15 miles. February 3: Marched northwest to Duck Branch Post Office. 10
miles. February 4: Marched through Smyrna to Moore's Crossroads. 10
miles. February §: North and northeast toward Buford's Bridge, Salkehatchie
River. 10 miles. February 6: Northeast with wagon train at 7:30 A. M.;
crossed the Salkehatchie River and marched toward Graham Post Office on
the Augusta and Columbia Railroad. 9 miles. February 7: Marched northwest
on Augusta and Columbia Railroad. 8 miles. Cold rain; swampy roads.
February 8: Northwest on the railroad; destroyed the railroad; sandy barrens.
8 miles. February 9: Marched northwest on the railroad to Blackville Station.
11 miles. February 10: Marched west to White Pond. 12 miles. Destroyed
railroad. February 11: Marched east and north to the south fork of the Edisto
River. 12 miles. February 12: Marched and crossed the north fork of the
Edisto River; waded in water 12 to 36 inches deep. 13 miles. Heavy frost.
February 13: Marched at 8:15 A. M.; crossed the north branch of the Edisto
River. 6 miles. Camped 6 miles beyond, on the Columbia road; hard-wood
timber. February 14: Marched at 12:30 p. M. toward Lexington Court House.
6 miles. February I J: Marched at 8 A. M., guarding trains; crossed a branch of
Congaree Creek on Lexington Court House road. 9 miles. High winds;
burning fences; smoky march. February 16: Marched east to a point 2 miles
from Columbia. 8 miles. February 17: Marched northwest to Zion Church,
near Saluda River. 5 miles. February 18: Marched at 8:10 A. M.; crossed
the Saluda River; marched northwest toward Broad River. [The Saluda and

ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 281
the Broad rivers form the Congaree.] 7% miles. February 19: Marched
toward Broad River 4 miles on the Newberry road, and back at 1 P. M. by a
crossroad. 8 miles. February 20: Marched north at 3:15 P. M. towards Winns
borough. 8 miles. Camped near the town; crossed Broad River. February
21: Marched at 7 A. M.; passed through Winnsborough at noon. 12 miles.
Camped 3 miles beyond, on the Rocky Mountain road. February 22: Marched
at 7:15 A. M.; crossed Wateree Creek to Rocky Mountain Post Office on the
Catawba River. 16% miles. Crossed the Catawba and bivouacked at
midnight. February 23: Marched at 7 A. M. north on the Lancaster road. 3
miles. Camped for the day. February 24: Marched aU day, guarding trains. 1 %
miles. February 25: Marched at 6 A. M.; heavy rain; made corduroy road to
RusseU's Store. 3% miles. February 26: Marched at 8 A. M.; ordered back;
marched again at 10:45 A- M-> to Hanging Rock Post Office. 6 miles. Feb
ruary 27: In camp all day. February 28: Marched at 10 A. M.; crossed Hanging
Rock Creek; waited for the wagon-train till 4 P. M. 5 miles. Moved 1 mile;
rested until 6:30; then marched till 12:30 A. M.
March 1: Marched at 6:45 A. M.; crossed Lynch's Creek and moved 2 miles
beyond, toward Chesterfield. 12 miles. March 2: Marched at 6:30 A. M.;
crossed Black Creek; camped 4 miles northeast. 6 miles. Delayed by bridge
building. March 3: Marched at 7 :45 A. M. ; arrived at Chesterfield Court House
at 4 P. M. 11 miles. Bad roads. March 4: Marched on the Sneedsborough
road to Westfield Creek. 10 miles. Camped on Grady's Farm. March 6:
Marched to Cheraw, southeast; crossed the Great Pedee River at 2:45
p. M.; bivouacked at 2 p. M.; explosion of ammunition at Cheraw. 12
miles. March 7: Marched at 10:30 A. M. northeast toward Lumber River. 18
miles. Severe storm; rained all day and aU night; Laurel HiU. March 8:
Marched at 8 A. M. northeast and east toward Lumber River. 8 miles. Rain.
March 9: Marched east to the bank of the Lumber River. 8 miles. Severe
rainstorm. March 10: Crossed Lumber River at 7 A. M.; marched east. 8
mUes. March 11: Marched at 6:30 A. M.; crossed Rockfish Creek. 22 miles.
Camped half a mile from Fayetteville at 8 p. M. March 13: Marched through
FayetteviUe; crossed Cape Fear River; brigade camped four nules out 8 miles.
The 55th Ohio and 33d Massachusetts camped 2 miles beyond the brigade.
March 14: Marched at 10 A. m. on reconnaissance to Taylor's Hole Creek, on
the Raleigh road. 21 miles. The 55th reached Black or South River; skir
mishing. March 75: Marched on the Raleigh road northeast 14 miles. March
16: Marched on the Raleigh road northeast toward Averasborough. 3 miles.
Moved south to Smith's Farm; battle of Averasborough; Captain Stone killed.
March 17: Marched on the Raleigh road northeast to Averasborough. 5 miles.
March 18: Marched on the BentonviUe road. 10 miles. Crossed Black River
in rear, covering train; marched all night. March 19: Marched on the Benton
viUe road at 9 A. M. and at 11:30 A. M.; sounds of battle heard; arrived on the
battle-field at 2F.U,; hotly engaged till night; slept on arms. 8 miles. March
20: Relieved by the 14th Corps; moved to the left of the line and fortified.

282 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
3 miles. March 22: Marched on the Goldsborough road. 8 miles. March
23: Marched on the Goldsborough road; crossed the Neuse River at Coxe's
Bridge. 8 miles. March 24: Marched on the Goldsborough road to Golds
borough. 8 miles. March 25: In camp at Goldsborough. Distance, Savan
nah to Goldsborough, 495 miles.
April 2: Major-General A. Mower assumes command of the 20th Army
Corps. April 10: Broke camp at 5:30 A. M.; marched toward Raleigh on the
Smithfield road. 11 miles. April 11: Marched all day in the same direction.
14 miles. April 12: Marched aU day in the same direction; crossed the Neuse
River in the moming at Smithfield. 17 miles. Camped near Swift Creek.
April 13: Marched at 4 :30 p. M., arriving at Raleigh. 17 miles. Camped near
the State Insane Asylum. April 14: In camp all day. April 17: Lincoln's
assassination announced. April 19: Removed to permanent camp-grounds.
April 22: Reviewed by General Sherman in Raleigh. April 25: Marched at
9:30 A. m. on the Aven's Ferry road toward Jones's Crossroads. 13 miles.
April 26: Bivouacked aU day. April 28: Marched at 6:30 A. M. back to the
camp at Raleigh. 13 miles. April 30: Marched at 7 -.30 A. M. north; homeward
bound, to Manteo's Paper Mills. 12 miles. Camped on the south side of
the Neuse River.
May 1: Broke camp at 7:30 A. M.; crossed the Neuse River, and in the after
noon crossed the Tar River at Dickerson's Bridge. 20 miles. Camped at
8:30 p. M. May 2: Marched at 7:30 A. M. via Salem Court House. 16 miles.
Camped at 6 p. m. May 3: Marched at 6 p. M. via WiUiamsborough. 22 miles.
Crossed the Roanoke River on pontoons at Taylor's Ferry. May 4: Marched
at 6 A. M. northeast; crossed the Meherrin River at Saffold's Bridge. 19%
rmles. Camped at 3:30 p. M. May 5.- Marched at 6 A. m. northeast; crossed
Nottaway River. 19 miles. Camped at 3 p. M. May 6: Marched northeast
to Blacks and Whites Station, on the south side railroad. 15 miles. Camped
at 1 p. M. May 7: Marched at 6 A. M. northeast; crossed Appomattox River
on pontoons. 16 miles. Camped near Clover Hill at 2 p. m. May 8: Marched
northeast 13 miles; camped at noon. May 9: Marched northeast 2 miles.
May 10: In camp. May 11: Marched at 10 A. n. through Richmond, crossing
the James River. 10 miles. Camped near Brook Creek on Mechanicsville
turnpike. May 12: Marched through Chickahominy swamps; crossed Chicka
hominy River. 8 miles. May 13: Marched through Ashland; crossed the
South Anna and New Found rivers. 16 miles. Camped at 5 P. m. May 14:
Marched north; crossed the North Anna River at Anderson's Bridge. 19
miles. Camped at 6 p. M. May 15: Marched at 6 A. M., northward; crossed
the Mattapony and Po rivers. 19 miles. Camped at 6 p. M. near Chancel-
lorsviUe; passed through Spottsylvania Court House; famiUar ground. May 16:
Marched at 5 A. M.; crossed the Rappahannock River at United States Ford;
passed Hartwood Church. 22 miles. Camped on Town Creek at 7:30
p. M. May 17: Marched to near Catlett Station; thence northeast to Brents-
ville at 5 p. m. 17 miles. May 18: Marched northeast; crossed BuU Run.

ITINERARY OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO 283
20 miles. Camped at Fairfax Station at 3 P. M. May 19: Marched toward
Alexandria. 9 miles. Camped 4 miles west. May 24: Marched in the Grand
Review before the President, General Grant, and General Sherman. 12 miles.
Camped near Fort Lincoln on the Anacostia River. May 25: In camp.
June 1: In camp near Fort Lincoln. June 10: 55th and 73d Ohio Volunteer
Infantry transferred to the 14th Army Corps by special order to the 84th Army
of Georgia, dated June 4th. 20th Corps discontinued. June 75; Travelled by
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. June 18: Left Parkersburg by steamer.
June 20: Arrived at Louisville at 10 A. M.; marched to camp 3 miles east on
Bardstown pike.
July 4: Parade; General Sherman's address to 20th Corps. July 11:
Muster out; roUs completed; command ordered to Cleveland for final ren
dezvous. July 12: Marched from Camp Louisville; took steamer for Cincin
nati. July 14: Marched to Cleveland; camped on Fair Ground. July 20:
Colonel Powers's farewell address; final pay; broke ranks; disbanded.
TRANSPORTATION RECORD
Miles by
Steamboat and Miles
RaUroad. Marched.
From Norwalk, O., to Grafton, W. Va. 302
From Grafton, W. Va., expeditions to New Creek
and Romney 248
West Virginia Campaign 444
BuU Run (Second) Campaign 388
Gettysburg Campaign 341
Manassas Junction, Va., to Bridgeport, Tenn. 1029
ReUef of KnoxviUe Campaign 232
Re-enUstment, Lookout Valley to Ohio and return 1040
Atlanta Campaign 261
Savannah Campaign (March to the Sea) 295
Campaign of the CaroUnas and Grand Review 975
Washington to LouisviUe 724
LouisviUe to Cleveland, O. 413

3So8 3184
Total number of miles 6692

"Far better is it to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs, even
though checkered by failure, than to take rank among those poor spirits who
neither enjoy nor suffer much, because they live in the gray twilight that
knows neither victory nor defeat." — Theodore Roosevelt.

m.m. J-joo.

played twice

BUGLE-CAXL OF THE REGIMENT

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND
[Abbreviations: E. S., Entered Service; M. O., Mustered Out; Vet. Res.
Corps, Veteran Reserve Corps.]
Adams, Albert. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 5 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Adams, Alonzo. Age 21. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C;
no further record.
Adams, Chailncy. Age 29. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 12 Jan. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Adams, Ebenezer. Age 40. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. B; discharged 14 Oct. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's cer
tificate of disabiUty.
Adams, Horace B. Age 22. E. S. 19 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 29 Feb. '64, at Alexandria, Va.
Adams, Levi. Age 21. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Agnew, James K. Age 25. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to 2d Lieutenant 21 Nov. '61; resigned 16 July '62.
Ahlfeld, Zenas W. Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Ainesly, William. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 27 Feb. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Axlison, Charles D. Age 22. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Altman, John. Age 19. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. E;
M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
284

Captain Charles M. Smith
As Color-Sergeant

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 285
Anderson, Andrew. Age 33. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 8 Sept. '63, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Anderson, Jackson. Age 23. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Anderson, Jackson. Age 37. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at. Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Anderson, John. Age 21. E. S. 25 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May 63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; M. O.
9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Andlefinger, Frank. Age 40. E. S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 5 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Andrews, John H. Age 23. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Anson, Ernest. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; discharged 30 May '64, at
Camp Dennison, O.
Arganbright, George. Age 40. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. D; drafted; M. O. 9 June '65 at Washington, D. C, by order of War
Department. Armstrong, Jeremiah G. Age 23. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Armstrong, John M. Age 26. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Arne, Nicholas. Age 35. E. S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 18 Nov. '63, at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Ashbolt, Samuel. Age 19. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 May '65; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Ashbrook, William H. Age 25. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; promoted to Sergeant; discharged 22 Feb. '62, on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Ashton, Charles L. Age 18. E. S. 18 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. G;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Atkinson, George. Age 22. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 30 June '65, by order of War Department.
Atkinson, James. Age 33. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart
ment. Au, Charles. Age 33. E. S. 7 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H; sub
stitute; M. O. 11 July '65.

286 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Auble, Andrew C. Age 18. E. S. 12 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 May '65; M. 0. 11 July '65.
Aulthauser, Frederick. Age 28. E. S. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years: Private
Co. K; appointed Brigade Butcher at SperryviUe, Va., 30 July '62; M. O.
n July '65. Veteran.
Ayet, John. Age 28. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F; substitute;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Babcock, Lucius. Age 27. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
transferred to Co. F, 17th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Babcock, William F. Age 26. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Bailey, George H. Age 19. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 July '65; wounded 20 July '64 in battle of Peach Tree
Creek, Ga., M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Bailey, Robert E. Age 23. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Baird, David. Age 24. E S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; captured 27 Aug. '64, in action near Atlanta
Ga.; M. O. 19 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department
Veteran. Baird, William H. Age 26. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician
Co. B: reduced to ranks; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Baker, Andrew S. Age 20. E. S. 29 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 5 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Baker, David. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal; discharged 27 May '62, at Moorefield, Va., on sur
geon's certificate of disabiUty.
Baker, Joel. Age 29. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E; drafted;
M. O. 5 June '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Department.
Baldwin, Charles. Age 24. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; substitute;
Private Co. B; wounded in action 16 Mar. '65; M. O. 24 May '65, at
Beaufort, N. C, by order of War Department.
Baldwin, Robert B. Age 28. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C. Veteran.
Ball, Joseph. Age 18. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
transferred to Co. B, ist Vet. Res. Corps 15 Aug. '63.
Baxser, Peter. Age 26. E. S. 13 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E
drafted; died 23 Mar. '65, at David's Island, N. Y.
Banning, Thomas. Age 42. E. S. 6 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 18 May '62, at Green Spring Run, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability. Barber, Alonzo D. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 287
Barber, Edgar W. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; transferred to Co. K,
5th Vet. Res. Corps, 17 Dec. '63.
Barber, Hiram S. Age 18. E. S. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 8 June '63; M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of
service. Barber, Nelson. Age 19. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 10 Jan. '63; died 20 May '63, of wounds received in battle
of ChanceUorsviUe, Va., 2 May '63.
Barber, Orison. Age 18. E. S. 23 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 7 July '65, at Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, O., by order of War
Department. Barber, William H. Age 28. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Barker, Irvin E. Age 19. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Barnett, Albert G. Age 36. E. S. 16 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 4 Nov. '62; wounded 25 Nov. '63, in battle of
Mission Ridge, Tenn.; kiUed 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.
Barrett, Erastus. Age 18. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died 5 Apr. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Barrick, William. Age 20. E. S. 4 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Bartlett, Horace A. Age 33. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. 15 Oct. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Barton, Frank P. Age 20. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; died 22 May '64, of wounds received
15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Battie, David. Age 18. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
died 5 July '62, at ClarysviUe, Md.
Bauer, Lewis. Age 26. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
transferred to Co. D, 14th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 July '63.
Baughman, Henry. Age 29. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. O, by order of War Department
Baughman, Reuben. Age 24. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I
drafted; died 14 Jan. '65 in hospital at Savannah, Ga.
Baxtine, Henry. Age 19. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Beach, George C. Age 23. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I
substitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Beard, Joshua A. Age 18. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.

288 TRIALSjANDJTRIUMPHS
Beard, Randolph M. Age 27. E. S. 24 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; 2 May '63, in battle
of Chancellorsville, Va.; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Beck, Felix H. Age 20. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; killed 8 May '64, in action at Buzzard Roost
Gap, Ga. Veteran.
Beck, Henry C. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; dis
charged 25 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Beck, Jacob F. Age 26. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
killed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Beck, James M. Age 27. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Beck, Peter A. N. Age 20. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal  ; transferred to 126th Co. 2d BattaUon Vet. Res.
Corps 28 Dec. '63.
Beck, William. Age 18. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. n July '65.
Beckley, Philip. Age 22. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Beckley, Stephen. Age 23. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Corporal 1 Jan. '64; promoted to Sergeant 17 Dec. '64; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Beckley, Thomas. Age 20. E. S. 24 Sept. '61; 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Beckwith, Charles. Age 21. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Bedell, Edwin. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 28 Feb. '63, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis
ability. Beer, Adam. Age 23. E. S. 28 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H; pro
moted to Corporal 22 June '64; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonviUe,
N. C; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Beery, Martin. Age 24. E. S. 23 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. n July '65.
Bell, Enoch M. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Bellamy, William. Age 24. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal and Color Bearer 16 Oct. '61; killed 30 Aug. '62, in
battle of Bull Run, Va.
Bellman, Frederick. Age 18. E. S. 18 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. E; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Bellman, John. Age 21. E. S. 15 Nov. '61. 3 years; appointed Cor
poral Co. E 31 Dec. '61; promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant
20 July '64; to ist Lieutenant Co. C 24 April '65; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 289
Bellman, Lewis. Age 21. E. S. 15 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died 11 July '62, at Cumberland, Md.
Bement, Augustus S. Age 37. E. S. 11 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. B 10 Oct. '61; resigned 16 Mar. '63.
Bemis, Benjamin F. Age 29. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; killed 25 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Bemis, William H. H. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged 27 Oct. '62, at Newark, N. J., on surgeon's certificate of
disability. Benfer, Hugh H. Age 21. E. S. 12 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 17 Dec. '64; M. O. n July '65.
Bennett, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, at McDougall Hospital, N. Y., by order of War
Department. Benson, David P. Age 20. E.S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis
charged 28 Oct. '62, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, at battle of Bull Run, Va.
Benson, Finley. Age 20. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; to Sergeant 1 July '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Benson, Joseph. Age 21. E. S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 1 June '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Berger, Harrison. Age 18. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. t year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of the War De
partment. Bergmyer, Xavier. Age 31. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Bergstresser, Louis S. Age 24. E. S. 1 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; transferred 20 May '64 to Co. G, 12th Vet. Res. Corps.
Berry, Clark S. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability. Berry, Jacob. Age 32. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Berry, James. Age 48. E. S. 25 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
died 31 Oct. '62, in prison at Lynchburg, Va., of wounds received 9 May '62,
in skirmish near FrankUn, W. Va.
Betterman, John. Age 22. E. S. 15 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Betts, John F. Age 22. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 1 July '62, at Middletown, Va.
Bever, Russel H. Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. H; promoted to Sergeant 19 Sept. '62; to ist Sergeant 3 Oct. '62; to
2d Lieutenant Co. H 16 Mar. '63; to ist Lieutenant 19 Mar. '64; to Captain
Co. A 3 Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.

290 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Bickmore, William. Age 33. E. S. 15. Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
discharged 31 July '63, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty
Biler, William. Age 36. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
discharged 14 Aug. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty
Birds, Barnett F. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Bitterman, John. Age 19. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
discharged 15 April '63, at Brooke Station, Va.,'on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Bitting, James H. Age 20. E. S. 12 Feb. '64. Private Co. A; M. O.
n July '65.
Blackwell, George A. Age 20. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; wounded 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Blackwell, Sylvanus. E. S. ii Apr. '65. 1 year; Private, unassigned;
M. O. 15 May '65, at Hart's Island, N. Y. Harbor.
Blake, Robert. Age 28. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Blockinger, John. Age 47. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
transferred to Co. E, 14th Vet. Res. Corps, 5 Aug. '63.
Bloom, Frederick. Age 22. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Bloomer, Albert. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; discharged 9 June '65, at Wash
ington, D. C, for wounds received 9 Feb. '65, in action. Veteran.
Blough, George W. Age 24. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Boalt, Frederick H. Age 20. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. D 20 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 2 Oct. '62;
to Captain 4 Mar. '64; resigned 13 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Bolsinger, Anton. Age 22. E. S. 3 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 11 July '65.
Boos, Charles F. Age 32. E. S. Leader of the Band 4 Oct. '61.
3 years; M. O. by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Boroff, Charles H. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; M. O n July '65. Veteran.
Boroughf, Henry E. Age 27. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; to Sergeant 1 Dec. '64; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Boucher, Harmon. Age 28. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Boughton, James. Age 29. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years. Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Boss, John H. Age 23. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; appointed Sergeant

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 291
Co. E 31 Dec. '6i; promoted to ist Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; to Quartermaster
Sergeant 16 April '64; to ist Lieutenant Co. E 19 Aug. '64; to Regimental
Quartermaster 1 Jan. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Boston, James P. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; M. O. n July '65. Veteran
Bowerman, Isaac. Age 23. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Bowers, John. Age 41. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. C
discharged 5 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Bowers, John. Age 29. E. S. 28 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
promoted to Corporal  ; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough;
N. C; M. O. 17 July '65, at Columbus, O. Veteran.
Bowsher, Amos. Age 22. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Bowsher, Hiram. Age 19. E. S. 9 Mar. '65. 1 year; Private Co. K
M. O. 11 July '65.
Bowsher, Jesse. Age 28. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; to Sergeant 1 Sept. '62; to ist Sergeant
6 Sept. '62; to 2d Lieutenant [Co. K 6 Mar. '63; to ist Lieutenant Co. F
19 Mar. '64; to Captain 25 July, '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Bowsher, John. Age 20. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Boyd, George W. Age 34. ""E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
kiUed 3 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Boyd, James T. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed Cor
poral Co. G 14 Dec. '61; to Sergeant 9 Apr. '64; wounded 15 May '64, in
battle of Resaca, Ga.;" promoted to ist Sergeant 20 July '64; to Sergeant Major
2oMar.'65; to ist Lieutenant Co. G 24 Apr. '65;' M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Brabert, Lippe. Age 39. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; no
further record found.
Brand, John. Age 22. E. S. 30 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K; cap
tured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; M. O. 9 June '65, at Wash
ington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Brandenburg, Jesse. Age 30. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3~years; Private Co. K
promoted to Sergeant 21 Nov. '61; wounded 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg
Pa.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Brentman, Daniel. Age 23. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
no further record found.
Bretz, John L. Age 21. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
died 13 July '62, at Frederick City, Md.
Brewer, Anson. Age 28. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Brewer, Philip. Age 31. E. S. 10 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C
discharged 27 June '65, by order^of War";Department.

292 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Brewster, Moses P. Age 41. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 15 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Bridenstlne, Joshua F. Age 18. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; private
Co. F; kiUed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Briggs, Charles M. Age 18. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
no further record found.
Briggs, Samuel. Age — . E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
no further record found.
Briggs, Sewell C. Age 30. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 22 Nov. '62, at New York, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in bat
tle of Bull Run, Va.
Brlnkman, Wllliam C. Age 20. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; promoted to Corporal; transferred to Co. A, 6th Vet. Res. Corps,
24 Aug. '63.
Broka, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 24 Nov.'62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Broka, William. Age 19. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 2 June '63, at Brooke Station, Va., of wounds received in action.
Bromley, Edward. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to ist Sergeant Co. G 14 Dec. '61; to Quartermaster Sergeant
n Jan. '63; to 2d Lieutenant Co. G 24 Mar. '63; killed 24 Nov. '63, in battle
of Missionary Ridge, Tenn.
Bromley, Murray. Age 16. E. S 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
reduced to ranks from Musician; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Bromley, Robert. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. G. 14 Dec. '61; wounded and captured 30 Aug. '62, at bat
tle of Bull Run, Va.; exchanged; promoted to Captain Co. D 16 Mar. '63;
resigned 4 Aug. '63.
Brookhart, James R. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61 ; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of
ChanceUorsviUe, Va; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Brooks, Socratus. Age 18. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; to Sergeant 8 June '65; wounded 2 July '63,
in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Brown, Coleman. Age 22. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 9 Jan. '64, at Lookout Valley, Tenn., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Brown, Daniel S. Age 31. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. F 16 Oct. '61; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.;
resigned 16 Feb. '63.
Brown, Henry. Age 22. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis
charged 5 Mar. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 293
Brown, Jacob. Age 27. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; discharged 8 June '65, at Cleve
land, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty. Veteran.
Brown, Jacob A. Age 18. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expira
tion of term of service.
Brown, James. Age 35. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; no
further record found.
Brown, John. Age 27. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B; trans
ferred by re-enhstment to 13th N. Y. Independent Battery, 10 Jan. '64.
Brown, Moses. Age 19. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Brown, Olcott K. Age 25. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 15 May '64, in Battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 9 June '65, at Camp
Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Brown, Sidney C. Age 19. E. S. 10 Dec. '61; 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 1 Aug. '63; ist Sergeant 1 June '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Brown, Silas. Age 22. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department. Vet
eran. Brubaker, Jacob. Age 21. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 20 Sept. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Brtjbecker, Jeremiah. Age 20. E. S. 29 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. F; drafted; died 23 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Brumby, Thomas. Age 18. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died 23 Aug. '63, of wounds received 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville,
Va. Buckley, Thomas E. Age 21. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 3 Mar. '63, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run,
Va. Burch, Jack O. Age 25. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C; no
further record found.
Burgess, George W. Age 27. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. F; drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War
Department. Burket, John. Age 21. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; pro
moted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; to Sergeant 9 June '63; to ist Sergeant 1 Sept. '64;
to Commissary Sergeant 26 June '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Burkett, Abraham. Age 29. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Burltngham, Alonzo D. Age 19. E. S. 15 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; captured 9 May '62, near Franklin, W. Va.; wounded 20 July '64, in
battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.

294 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Burmtngham, Patrick. Age 32. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; killed 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga. Veteran.
Burr, Ira. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G; killed
2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Burr, Raymond. E. S. 4 Apr. '62. 3 years; ist Lieutenant Co. B;
promoted to Captain and Assistant Quartermaster 14 July '62.
Burrier, John. Age 22. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Burt, Jira. Age 31. E. S. ± Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. E; no further
record found.
Busby, Eli. Age 41. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F; drafted;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Butler, Edwin H. Age 32. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; reduced to ranks; discharged 20 Jan. '63,
at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Button, George W. Age 26. E. S. 30 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Byers, John. Age 18. E. S. 2 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F; pro
moted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 1 Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July, '65.
Veteran. Cadwalader, Nathan A. Age 22. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; discharged 20 Oct. '62.
Cahoon, James F. Age 18. E. S. 26 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 11 July '65, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Cain, John. Age — . E. S. 8 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H; substitute;
no further record found.
Cain, John A. Age 18. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 27 Oct. '64, at Colum
bus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Call, Noble. Age 23. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. D;
discharged 1 Dec. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Calltn, William. Age 18. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
captured 30 Aug. '64; exchanged; discharged 20 June '65, by order of War
Department. Veteran.
Canaga, Elias. Age 24. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Cann, Philip. Age 18. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Cannon, Samuel. Age 23. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Carpenter, David L. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private

ROSTER OP THE COMMAND 295
Co. D; captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg,' Pa. ; M. O. 19 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Carper, Henry. Age 23. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 9 Oct. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Carper, James. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. B, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 8 Oct. '63.
Carr, Charles A. Age 22. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
transferred to Co. I, 8th Vet. Res. Corps, 9 Dec. '64; M. O. 25 July '65, at
Chicago, IU., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Carr, Henry. Age 22. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal; captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Carr, Thomas. Age 30. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 1 Jan. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Carver, Henry R. Age 24. E. S. 19 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, at Bull Run, Va.; 15 May '64, at Resaca, Ga., and
1 Mar. '65, at Silver Creek, N. C; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O.,
by order of War Department. Veteran.
Carver, James. Age 28. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 8 Oct. '63.
Case, Augustus B. Age 24. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
kiUed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Case, Butler. Age 22. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; ist Sergeant Co. F
promoted to 2d Lieutenant 23 July '62; to ist Lieutenant 10 Mar. '63; trans
ferred to Co. B May '63; promoted to Captain 13 Apr. '64; resigned
10 Apr. '64.
Case, Joseph E. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3' years; Private Co. H;
kiUed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va.
Cashner, Jonathan. Age 39. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; discharged 17 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Castle, George W. Age 23. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; died 18 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Catlln, Mason. Age 24. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 7 Dec. '61; to Sergeant 1 Jan. '63; died 3 May '63, of
wounds received 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Chaffee, James M. Age 19. E. S. 28 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 29 Dec. '64, on ex
piration of term of service.
Chamberlain, Horace M. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; promoted to Corporal 1 Sept. '64; to Sergeant 26 June '65; M. O. 11 July
'65. Veteran.
Chapman, Albert. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 28 Apr. '62, at Camp Lee, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.

296 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Charvtlle, William. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 1 Sept. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Chase, Alvin B. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. D;
appointed Sergeant 1 Oct. '62; promoted to ist Sergeant 18 Mar. '64; to Ser
geant Major 1 Sept. '64; to ist Lieutenant 3 Nov. '64; appointed Adjutant
28 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Childs, William E. Age 21. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Hospital Steward 21 Nov. '61; to ist Lieutenant Co. H. 18 Jan. '65.
Veteran. Chinrock, John. Age 18. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co A;
died 31 July '63, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received 2 May '63, in
battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Chulip, Henry. Age 22. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Clark, Charles. Age 22. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Clark, George H. Age 21. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant 19 May '65; commissioned 2d
Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Clark, John. Age 27. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years. Private Co. H;
discharged 13 Nov. '62, at Hopewell Gap, Va.
Clark, John A. Age 21. E. S. 7 Mar. '65. 1 year; Private Co. K;
M. O. n July '65.
Clark, Norman. Age 51. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; dis
charged 27 Aug. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Clark, William F. Age 22. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 4 June '62, by order of War Department.
Clawson, Andrew W. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 7 Nov. '64; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Clemens, John. Age 18. E. S. 12 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
substitute; M. O. n July '65.
Cline, John. Age 24. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D; drafted;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Clinton, William. Age 21. E. S. 1 Oct. '6i. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 21 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Clofflnger, Samuel. Age 44. E. S. 5 Dec. '61; Private Co. D; dis
charged 17 Dec. '61, by order of War Department.
Cloninger, Philip. Age 21. E. S. 6 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. n July '65.
Close, Frederick. Age 18. E. S. 20 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 12 Oct. '64, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Close, Levi. Age 18. E. S. 23 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; M. O.
2 Jan. '65, on expiration of term of service.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 297
Clowe, Hamilton. Age 18. E. S. 24 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B
substitute; M. O. n July '65.
Cobb, Elliott A. Age 19. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Coffey, Thomas. Age 19. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. G
substitute; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart
ment. Coffman, Michael S. Age 38. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. E; M. O. 15 June '65, at Trenton, N. J., by order of War Depart
ment. Cole, Elisha. Age 18. E. S. 7 Dec. '61; 3 years; Private Co. I; pro
moted to Corporal 1 July '62; to Sergeant 1 Sept. '62; transferred to Co. D,
6th Vet. Res. Corps, 4 Nov. '63.
Cole, Erwin R. Age 25. E. S. 10 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Cole, Francis M. Age 21. E. S. 26 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
died 15 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Cole, William H. Age 25. E. S. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
promoted to Corporal; wounded 28 July '64, at Atlanta, Ga.; M. O.
n July '65. Veteran.
Coleman, Howard M. Age 26. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 25 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Collier, William. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; died 23 Feb. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Collingwood, George. Age 20. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. D; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; promoted to
Sergeant; kiUed 22 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Veteran.
Compton, Henry J. Age 25. E. S. 28 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 19 Jan. '65, at Cincinnati, O., for wounds received 15 May '64,
in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Cone, William H. Age 24. E. S. 28 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal; absent without leave after 8 July '62.
Conger, John B. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. H;
kiUed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Conger, William B. Age 26. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. H; discharged 19 Sept. '62, at Annapolis, Md.
Conner, John. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C., by order of War Depart
ment Cook, James F. Age 20. E. S. 24 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Cooper, Barna. Age 31. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. D;
discharged 26 Sept. '62, at Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, D. C, on
surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.

298 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Cooper, Samuel. Age 26. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull
Run, Va.; discharged 19 Feb. '63.
Copplns, John. Age 24. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;died
28 July '64, in hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn. Veteran.
Corathers, William. Age 18. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; deserted 20 Jan. '62.
Corbin, Thomas B. Age 44. E. S. 20 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Cornely, Nicholas. Age 17. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Corser, Alonzo. Age 18. E. S. 11 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 1 Jan. '64; promoted to Sergeant 1 Mar. '65; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Coss, Harvey A. Age 20. E. S. 6 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 22 June '65, at Dennison Hospital, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran. Coultrlp, William. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; M. 0. 16 Oct. '64, on expira
tion of term of service.
Counterman, Nelson H. Age 25. E. S. 27 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Courtney, Robert G. Age 21. E. S. 13 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. E; drafted; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Cover, D. M. V. B. Age 27. E. S. 4 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Cowell, William. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; transferred to Co. H, 7th
Vet. Res. Corps, 12 Jan. '64.
Cowles, John G. W. Age 25. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Chaplain;
resigned 7 Aug. '62.
Cowles, Milton N. Age 22. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. Ci
promoted to Corporal  ; captured 8 May '62, at battle of McDoweU, Va.;
exchanged; wounded in action 24 June '64; M. O. 29 Oct. '64, at Hospital,
Camp Dennison, O., on expiration of term of service.
Cowpe, John. Age 30. E. S. 4 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; promoted to ist Sergeant
1 May '64; kiUed 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga. Veteran.
Cox, Samuel. Age 24. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Coxley, Joseph. Age 33. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 299
wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., 2 May '63; discharged 18 May '63, at Wash
ington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Crabb, Charles. Age 18. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
no further record found.
Cram, James. Age 42. E. S. 15 Sept. '62. 3 years. Private Co. H
died 29 May '64, in hospital at Dallas, Ga.
Cramer, Adam. Age 34. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. B
promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle at Averas
borough, N. C; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Cramer, Adam L. Age 27. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. B; promoted to ist Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; wounded 22 June '64,
in action near Marietta, Ga.; discharged 14 Feb. '65, at Jeffersonville, Ind.,
on surgeon's certificate of disability. Veteran.
Cramer, Ephraim L. Age 30. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; died 2 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Cramer, Jacob. Age 45. E. S. 25 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 20 Apr. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Cranston, Arthur. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. C. 16 Oct. '61; resigned 16 Mar. '62; Cadet West Point
Academy; 2d Lieutenant 4th ArtiUery 17 June '67; ist Lieutenant 30 Nov. '71;
killed 26 Apr. '73, in action with Modoc Indians, Lava Beds, California.
Crapo, William F. Age 21. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 13 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Crater, Abraham. Age 22. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 31 May '64, in Field Hospital, of wounds received 15 May '64, in battle
of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Crater, John. Age 20. E. S. 1 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
captured while foraging, in 1864; M. O. 16 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by
order of War Department.
Craun, William D. Age 20. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; kiUed 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough,
N. C. Veteran.
Craun, William J. Age 30. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; died 11 Mar. '64, at Nashville, Tenn.
Crawford, Hebbard. Age 18. E. S. 25 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; discharged 23 Feb. '63, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Crawford, William H. Age 26. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; kiUed 15 May 64, in battle of Resaca,
Ga. Veteran.
Crockett, Milton. Age 39. E. S. 8 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 3 June '65, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.
Crockett, Nelson. Age 36. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;

300 TRIALS AND'. TRIUMPHS
promoted to 2d Lieutenant Co. B 16 July '62; wounded 30 Aug. '62, at Bull
Run, Va.; resigned 4 Apr. '63.
Cromwell, William. Age 21. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; discharged 22 Dec. '62, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in battle of
BuU Run, Va.
Crosby, Henry W. Age 20. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Sergeant 31 Dec. '61; died 27 May '64, of wounds received 15 May
'64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Cross, Marion G. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Crum, Frederick A. Age 27. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; killed 26 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Veteran.
Cryder, William H. Age 33. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Wagoner
Co. A; died 26 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
Curry, Albert P. Age 28. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
transferred to 93d Co., 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Curry, George W. Age 20. E. S. 3 Sept. '62. 3 years; Musician Co. A
M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Cusick, Thomas. Age 39. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
transferred to Co. D, 14th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 July '63.
Daha, Sebastian. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 31 Jan. '63, at Columbus, O., for wounds received 30 Aug. '62,
in battle of BuU Run, Va.
Daly, John. Age 18. E. S. 20 Oct. '64. t year; Private Co. B; sub
stitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Dancer, Nathan. Age 23. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. I;
died 12 July '62, at Baltimore, Md.
Davenport, Francis. Age 40. E. S. 14 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; wounded and captured 2d May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.;
discharged 16 Jan. '65, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Davis, Francis. Age 19. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 27 Sept. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Davis, Martin L. Age 44. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Davis, Thomas. Age 24. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 18 Mar. '64, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Davis, Willard J. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Day, Joseph L. Age 20. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 10 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Day, Minor L. Age 21. E. S. 7 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 3QI
Deaver, Charles. Age 32. E. S. 11 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D
substitute; M. O 11 July '65,
Decker, Francis. Age 19. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 12 Jan. '65, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Degarmer, Jerome. Age 23. E. S. Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Deits, Lemuel. Age 34. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Deitrich, George. Age 22. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Dejean, Cyrenus. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. H;
discharged 19 Jan. '64, for wounds received 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUors
viUe, Va.; leg amputated.
Dejean, Parker. Age 17. E. S. 14 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 13 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Delaney, William. Age 42. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
died 14 Feb. '63, at Washington, D. C.
Denis, Valentine. Age 20. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. n July '65.
Denis, Valentine. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 16 Oct. '62, at Washington, D. C, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62
in battle of BuU Run, Va.
Dennis, David. Age 37. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C
drafted; M. O. 19 July '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart
ment. ,
Dennis, Joseph A. Age 18. E. S. 21 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July 65.
De Puy, Isaac. Age 20. E. S. 8 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe. Va.; promoted to Sergeant
1 Jan. '64; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
De Puy, Joseph A. Age 18. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Devault, Wesley. Age 30. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B
drafted; died 14 Feb. '65, near Hook's Farm, S. C.
Dewees, Jesse. Age 30. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. H
captured 15 Sept. '63, at Bristoe, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term
of service. De Wolf, Daniel F. Age 37. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Regimental
Adjutant; promoted to Major 25 Nov. '61; resigned 2 Oct. '62.
Dielman, John. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at McDougaU General Hospital, N. Y., by order
of War Department.

302 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Diemer, Peter. Age 20. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; discharged 11 July '65, by order of War Department.
Dlldlne, John H. W. Age 20. E. S. 9tOct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonviUe, N. C; died 22 May '65, at
Portsmouth Grove, R. I. Veteran.
Dill, Peter. Age 43. E. S. x Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H; drafted;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Dimick, Albert J. Age 23. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
promoted to Sergeant 30 Sept. '61; reduced to ranks; wounded 20 July '64, in
battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term
of service. Dippery, Isaac. Age 19. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; private Co. K
captured 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; promoted
to Corporal 19 Jan. '64; wounded 19 June '64, at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.
promoted to Sergeant 2 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Dippery, William. Age 30. E. S. 1 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K
no further record found.
Disinger, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; private Co. B
promoted to Corporal 7 June '65; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Ditto, Adam. Age 25. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; killed
12 Mar. '65, near FayetteviUe, N. C. Veteran.
Dobney, Richard. Age 26. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
discharged 12 Jan. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Dodge, Calvin. Age 29. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
captured 8 Aug. '62, at Luray, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran
Dodge, Luther. Age 36. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Dodge, Reuben. Age 27. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
captured 8 Aug. '62, at Luray, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran
Doebler, Samuel P. Age 18. E. S. 23 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
captured 8 Aug. '62, at Luray, Va.; exchanged; wounded 1 Apr. '65, at Mag
noUa, N. C; M. O. 11 July '65, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department
Veteran. Doke, Isaac J. Age 23. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
transferred 1 Feb. '64, to 147th Co. 2d BattalUon Vet. Res. Corps.
Doke, Leonard. Age 18. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Dole, Henry S. Age 18. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 30 July '62, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.
Doll, George. Age 35. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co, D
died 1 Sept. '62, at Alexandria, Va.
Doll, Noah. Age 21. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; dis
charged 20 Apr. '62, by order of War Department.
Dolph, DeWitt C. Age 25. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E

ROSTER OE THE COMMAND 3°3
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Donelson, William. Age 36. E. S. 15 Oct. '64. t year; Private Co. E;
substitute; M. O. 7 July '65, at Tripler Hospital, Columbus, O., by order of
War Department.
Donnelly, Matthew. Age 28. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Donnelly, Matthew. Age 28. E. S. 14 Nov. '63. 3 years; Private
Co. D; promoted to Corporal 1 May '65; discharged 7 June '65, at Camp Denni
son, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Doolittle, Luther W. Age 42. E. S. 12 July '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Doran, James. Age 23. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 20 June '64, near Marietta, Ga.; wounded 20 July '64, at battle of
Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Doughty, James. Age 20. E. S. 20 Dec. '61. 3 years. Private Co. E;
died 22 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Dourian, William. Age 31. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 4 Sept. '62, oh surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Downs, George A. Age 27. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; M. O. 1 Jan. '65, on expira
tion of term of service.
Downs, James. Age 22. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G; M. O.
1 Jan. '65, on expiration of term of service.
Drake, Charles G. Age 21. E. S. 26 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 8 Nov. '64; M. O. 9 June '65, by order of War
Department. Drake, Francis M. Age 24. E. S. 10 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. A;
substitute; wounded 16 Mar. '65, at Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 8 June '65,
by order of War Department.
Dreskell, William M. Age 19. E. S. as Principal Musician 4 Oct. '61;
3 years; M. O. by order of War Department 13 Feb. '63.
Drury, Albert. Age 36. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C; drafted;
discharged 19 Dec. '64, by order of War Department.
Dudrow, Charles D. Age 20. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
Dudrow, Lewis D. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
died 4 Nov. '63, at Cumberland, Md.
Duesler, John J. Age 26. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged '4 Aug. '63, for wounds received in action at Chancellorsville; right
arm amputated.
Duesler, Mh.es. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;

304 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
appointed Sergeant io Jan. '63; died 3 June '63, at AnnapoUs, Md., of wounds
received May 2, '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Dunlap, Benjamin. Age 23. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Dunlap, Edward. Age 22. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Dunn, William S. Age 24. E. S. 9 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Durfee, Homer A. Age 18. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 11 Sept. '62, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received in battle of Bull
Run, Va., 30 Aug. '62.
Dutcher, Robert J. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
captured 9 Dec. '64, near Savannah, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Dwire, William J. Age 18. E. S. 15 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 31 May '64, of wounds received 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Earp, Joseph. Age 26. E. S. 16 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B; M. O.
11 July '65.
Eastman, Randolph. Age 25. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. H 24 Oct. '61; resigned 23 Dec. '62.
Eckhart, Uriah M. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Edglngton, Clark. Age 20. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged Sept. '62, at Fairfax Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Edglngton, William H. Age 22. E. S. 10 Feb. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Edwards, Francis M. Age 31. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of
BentonviUe, N. C; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War
Department. Veteran.
Edwards, William F. Age 28. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years. Private
Co. F; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va.
Eiseman, George. Age 43. E. S. 18 Nov. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Eldredge, Benjamin F. Age 32. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. A 30 Sept. '61; promoted to Captain Co. A 2 Oct. '62; re
signed Dec. 28, '63.
Ellis, Henry C. Age 20. E. S. 25 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 8 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 3°5
Emmons, Aldin. Age 20. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
promoted to Corporal  ; died 19 July '62, at Baltimore, Md.
Emrick, Peter. Age 22. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D
drafted; captured 26 Nov. '64; no further record found.
Engrave, Augustus. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 15 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
Eschman, John. Age 42. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C
drafted; discharged 22 May '65, at Savannah, Ga., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Evans, Benjamin F. Age 22. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co- I 7 Dec. '61; promoted to ist Sergeant 1 Jan. '63; to Sergeant
Major 1 May '63; to 2d Lieutenant Co. I 8 May '63; to ist Lieutenant Co. B
1 April '64; to Captain Co. C 24 April '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Everett, Alfred I. Age 19. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Ewtng, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
returned to first enUstment in 72d Ohio Volunteer Infantry 23 Dec. '61.
Falkner, Abraham D. Age 28. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; kiUed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Farenbaugh, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; promoted to Corporal 16 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 1 May '65; captured
2 May '63 in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Farenbaugh, William. Age 22. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. n July '65.
Veteran. Farnsworth, Burton. Age 25. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; discharged 13 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Farnsworth, Edward. Age 19. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Farnsworth, Marcus. Age 20. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. E; died 1 Sept. '64, at Chattanooga, Tenn.
Farr, Haskell. Age 18. E. S. 6 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 19 Nov. '63, at Gettysburg, Pa., of wounds received in battle 2 July '63.
Farran, John. Age 38. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B; sub
stitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Fauble, Cyrus. Age 28. E. S. 21 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Fay, Henry J. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 6 Jan. '65; captured 8 May '62, in battle of McDowell,
W. Va.; exchanged; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.

306 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Fay, Wesley C. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
transferred to Co. G, 12th Vet. Res. Corps, 20 May '64.
Feflter, John. Age 33. E. S. 10 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E: sub
stitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Fell, Henry J. Age 21. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. 9 June '65, by order of War Department.
Fell, Nicholas. Age 18. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
missing 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe; no further record found.
Ferguson, Herman R. Age 15. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. Musician Co. G
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Ferguson, John. Age 37. E. S- 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 14 Feb. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Fetterman, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
promoted to Corporal; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va.
Fewson, John. Age 29. E. S. 17 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; M. O.
9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order] of War Department. Veteran.
Fewson, Robert. Age 23. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Sergeant 7 Dec. '61; reduced to ranks 17 June '64; promoted to
Sergeant 8 July '64; to ist Sergeant 1 Aug. '64; captured 19 Mar. '65, in bat
tle of BentonviUe, N. C; M. O. 16 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order
of War Department. Veteran.
Filson, Taylor. Age 19. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Fink, John. Age 18. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B; pro
moted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; captured while scouting 24 Feb. '64, in South
Carolina; M. O. 16 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran. Fisher, John J. Age 28. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
transferred to 84th Co. 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps 2 June '64.
Fisher, Joseph. Age 42. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '61; to Sergeant 30 April '62; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Fisher, William H. Age 18. E. S. 9 Aug. '62. 3 years. Private Co. G;
killed 23 Nov. '63, in battle near Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Fitzcharles, Jacob. Age 21. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Flannegan, Israel. Age 22. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
transferred to 61st Ohio Volunteer Infantry 1 July '62.
Fleaharty, John L. Age 22. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of
term of service.
Fleig, Frederick. Age 27. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65 at Washington, D. C., by order of War Department.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 3°7
Flinchbaugh, Sampson B. Age 23. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years. Pri
vate Co. F; discharged 18 Aug. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Florence, Charles. Age 33. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Foote, George W. Age 19. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; M. O. 9 July '63, for wounds received in
action. Ford, Lyman T. Age 25. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal Co. A 30 Sept. '61; promoted to Sergeant  ; captured
30 Aug. '62, at battle of BuU Run; exchanged; wounded 16 Mar. '65, at
Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Ford, Martin J. Age 21. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Corporal 1 Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Ford, Ozias. Age 31. E. S. 11 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A
kiUed 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Ford, Wallace R. Age 20. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, by order of War Department, at Washington, D. C
Fornwalt, Peter. Age 33. E. S. 11 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
discharged 8 Oct. '62, at Munson's Hill, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Forster, Return B. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; wounded 4 Aug. '64, near Atlanta, Ga.; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps
13 Mar. '65; M. O. 18 July '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Depart
ment. Veteran.
Fortner, Peter.' * Age 41. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B
drafted; died 17 Dec. '64, at Savannah, Ga.
Fountain, John. Age 30. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
deserted 20 Jan. '62.
Fox, Henry. Age 32. E. S. 20 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E; drafted
died 25 Dec. '64, at Savannah, Ga.
Fox, Robert. Age 24. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 6 Oct. '62, at Centerville, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Fox, Thomas B. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
wounded 19 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Francis, David. Age 24. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonviUe, N. C; died 22 Mar. '65.
Francis, Nelson. Age 23. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Franklin, Arthur. Age 25. E. S. 23 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 10 Jan. '63; killed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUors
viUe, Va.

308 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Franklin, Edmund. Age 23. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Franklin, Jerome. Age 30. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Franklin, Warren V. Age 19. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; M. O. n Jan. '65. Veteran.
Frazey, Guy S. Age 24. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
substitute; on detached service as telegraph operator at Chattanooga, Tenn.;
M. O. 11 July '65, by order of War Department.
Frech, John. Age 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I; drafted;
kiUed 19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonviUe, N. C.
Freeman, Henry. Age 32. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 28 Feb. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty, at Brooke Station,
Va. Freeman, John. Age 18. E. S. 24 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Freese, Abraham. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 20 May '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
French, Edward. Age 35. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. French, Miles. Age 41. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. French, Thomas E. Age 36. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; discharged 15 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Frlesner, Eli. Age 37. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; died 19 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Fronce, Jacob. Age 22. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; captured 5 Mar. '65,
at Wadesborough, N. C; M. O. 23 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order
of War Department. Veteran.
Fry, John P. Age 24. E. S. 29 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. I; M. O.
9 June '65, by order of War Department, at Washington, D. C.
Fulk, Abraham. Age 28. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 25 Oct. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Fulkerson, Benjamin F. Age 18. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3~years; Private
Co. A; appointed Corporal  ; died 31 Mar. '65, in burning of steamer
" General Lyon," off coast of North CaroUna. Veteran.
Fuller, Jehiel H. Age 35. E. S. 4 Dec. '62. 3 years; Private, un-
assigned; no further record found.
Fuller, Oscar F. Age 30. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 3 Jan. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's] certificate ;of fdis-
abiUty. ;

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 3°9
Gage, Albert. Age 36. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; pro
moted to Sergeant 7 Dec. '61; discharged 1 Sept. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on
surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Gaible, Nicholas. Age 28. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Gains, Bondy B. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
died 8 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Gale, Charles. Age 20. E. S. 19 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Gale, Francis. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
discharged 24 Nov. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Gale, George H. Age 19. E. S. 19 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 18 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty
Gale, Henry. Age 24. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 23 Apr. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Gallop, James H. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. G 14 Dec. '61; to ist Sergeant 11 Jan. '63; to Sergeant-Major
9 Apr. '64; to ist Lieutenant and Adjutant 19 Aug. '64; to Captain Co. E.
24 Apr. '65; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Gambee, Charles B. Age 34. E. S. 12 Sept. '61. 3 years; Captain
Co. A 30 Sept. '61; promoted to Major 2d Oct. '62; to Lieutenant-Colonel
4 March '63; to Colonel 8 May '63; kiUed in battle of Resaca, Ga., 15 May
'64; buried at BeUevue, O.
Gants, Hiram. Age 23. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
died 14 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Ganung, Charles E. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Garber, Samuel. Age 42. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B.
Garder, James. Age 24. E. S. 25 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. G;
substitute. Gardner, Henry. Age — . E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years;
M. O. by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Gardner, Robert R Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; M. O.  ; Veteran.
Garfield, Edgar J. Age 30. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 15 May '62, near FrankUn, W. Va.; exchanged; discharged 31 Dec. '62,
at AnnapoUs, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Gatchel, Jacob. Age 22. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; discharged 25 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station,
Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
^5|Gatchell, John B. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;

310 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
promoted to Corporal io Oct. '61; wounded in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.,
3 July '63; promoted to ist Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; reduced to ranks 1 Mar. '64;
absent; clerk in hospital; discharged 15 Aug. '65, at Lookout Mountain,
Tenn., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty. Veteran.
Gates, David. Age 18. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; died
21 Mar. '65, of wounds received in battle of BentonviUe, N. C, 19 Mar. '65.
Veteran. Gear, William R. Age 27. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. B; died 29 Sept. '62, in hospital at AnnapoUs, Md.
Gearing, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 19 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged Aug. — • '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. George, John H. Age 30. E. S. 20 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. n July '65.
Gibson, William A. Age 40. E. S. 13 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. n July '65.
Gilbert, John W. Age 20. E. S. 31 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Giles, Wllliam M. Age 25. E. S. 31 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 20 May, '65, at McDougaU Hospital, N. Y., by order of War Depart
ment. Gilliland, David. Age 30. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run,
Va. Gilllland, Edward. Age 34. E. S. 29 Dec. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. 11 July '65.
Gilliland, Madison. Age 22. E. S. 21 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; promoted to Corporal  ; M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term
of service. Gittinger, John D. Age 18. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Gittinger, William H. Age 20. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Gleason, John. Age 19. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
captured 28 Mar. '65, near Goldsborough, N. C; paroled; M. O. 27 June '65,
at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Goble, Jacob. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
captured 28 Oct. '64; M. O. 16 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War
Department. Veteran.
Godfrey, Charles*"C. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; discharged 9 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disability. Golden, Addison. Age 30. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 311
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; promoted to
Corporal 26 June '65; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Golden, Seth. Age 18. E. S. 19 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree'Creek, Ga.; discharged 20 May
'65, at Savannah, Ga., by order of War Department.
Golespie, David. Age 27. E. S. 20 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; died 26 May '65, at David's Island, N. Y.
Good, John. Age 18. E. S. 2 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; no
further record found.
Goodell, Burdett. Age 18. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Goodell, George B. Age 42. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician
Co. A; reduced to ranks; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Gooden, William. Age 25. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Goodson, William H. Age 20. E. S. 26 Sept. '61; 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 22 July '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Gordon, Gilbert. Age 26. E. S. 8 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
captured 18 Nov. '64, near Atlanta, Ga.; M. O. 24 May '65, at Columbus, O.,
on expiration of term of service.
Gottier, Christian. Age 30. E. S. 5 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Gould, Ozro B. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Sergeant 14 Dec. '61; to ist Sergeant 1 Jan. '63; to 2d Lieutenant
4 Apr. '63; wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe,
Va.; paroled and exchanged; promoted to ist Lieutenant 19 Mar. '64; to
Captain 26 Sept. '64; commanded Co. D, 16 Sept. to Oct. 31, '64; Co. E from
1 Jan. to 16 Mar. '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Graffman, Adolph. Age 27. E. S. 15 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Graham, Arthur A. Age 23. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant
Co. H; transferred to Co. B, 2d Vet. Res. Corps, 16 Sept. '63.
Graham, Butler. Age 18. E. S. 4 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 9 Mar. '64, in Lookout Valley, Tenn.
Gray, Josiah. Age 21. E. S. 29 Dec. '63. 3 years; Private, unassigned;
transferred to Co. F, 14th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
Green, David. Age 24. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
absent without leave.
Green, Ebenezer B. Age 36. E. S. 19 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; died 27 July '64, at
Big Shanty, Ga. Veteran.

312 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Green, John G. Age 23. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Green, Richard. Age 37. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Green, Wilbert L. Age 21. E. S. 13 Jan. '62. 3 years. Mustered in
as Wilbert Gunn; Private Co. C; wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree
Creek, Ga; M. O. 14 Jan. '65, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Gregory, Myrum. Age 17. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 28 Dec. '61; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull
Run, Va.; captured 28 Sept. '64; M. O. 2o\May '65jby order of War Depart
ment. Veteran.
Griffith, Charles. Age 33. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Griffith, James W. Age 21. E. S. 15 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
transferred to 148th Co. Vet. Res. Corps, 22 Jan. '64.
Grim, John B. Age 38. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Grove, Manasseh. Age 24. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term'of service.
Grubb, John. Age 42. E. S. 8 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; dis
charged 19 July '64, at Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Gruesbeck, Perry. Age 21. E. S. 1 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. n July '65.
Gruntich, Jacob. Age 22. E. S. 15 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; transferred to 125th Co.
2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 18 Dec. '63.
Guarlach, Christian. Age 41. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. H; drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War
Department. Gunder, Harrison D. Age 26. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; discharged 6 Dec. '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Guthrie, Hugh. Age 35. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal  ; captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville"
Va.; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Hackenbarger, Simon. Age 19. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Hadley, George. Age 19. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Haines, Eli. Age 24. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. 1 year; drafted; Private Co. D;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Halbedol, John. Age 19. E. S. 26 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 2 May '65; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 31"
Haler, Charles. Age 19. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
killed 25 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Halstead, John. Age 33. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 13 Jan. '65, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Hamilton, Joseph G. Age 20. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. C; drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at McDougaU General Hospital, N. Y.,
by order of War Department.
Hamilton, Robert. Age 24. E. S. 12 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, by order of War Department.
Hammond, Jacob. Age 44. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
substitute; M. O. 2 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart
ment. Hanford, Henry C. Age 18. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 8 Mar. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., by order of War
Department. Hankins, John J. Age 22. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. t year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Hannerott, John. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
kiUed 12 Aug. '64, in action near Atlanta, Ga. Veteran.
Hanson, William J. Age 22. E. S. 25 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
captured 27 May '62, at FrankUn, W. Va.; paroled.
Harkcom, George. Age 33. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H
M. O. 19 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department.
Harland, James M. Age 28. E. S 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; transferred to Co. B, ist Vet. Res. Corps, 15 Aug. '63.
Harley, John D. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 21 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Harley, William. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 16 Mar. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Harmon, George. Age 19. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Harpham, William. Age 25. E. S. 4 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Harrington, Samuel. Age 25. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; captured 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 19 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Harris, Benjamin. Age 29. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
missing 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Harris, Darius C. Age 35. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 20 Dec. '64, at Hospital, Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certifi
cate of disabiUty. Veteran.
Harris, Edward G. Age 24. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;

3H TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
discharged 20 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Harris, John. Age 27. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 25 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Harris, Rufus R. Age 19. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Harris, Thomas J. Age 18. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 4 Jan. '64, at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis
ability. Harris, William. Age 18. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died 7 Dec. '62, at Fairfax Station, Va.
Hart, Charles. Age 23. E. S. 31 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
died 16 Feb. '63, at Washington, D. C.
Harter, Joseph. Age 25. E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; M. O
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Hartman, Andrew. Age 18. E. S. 28 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Hartman, William. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; transferred to 125th
Co., 2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 18 Dec. '63.
Hartney, James. Age 19. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 28 Oct. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Hartnick, Michael. Age 21. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of Benton
viUe, N. C; M. O. 25 July '65, at Columbus, O. Veteran.
Hasslnger, William H. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. A 30 Sept. '61; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe,
Va.; promoted to ist Sergeant 14 Sept. '63; to Sergeant-Major 17 Dec. '64; to
ist Lieutenant Co. A 18 Jan. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Hawk, George W. Age 28. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; promoted to
Corporal 1 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Hawk, James. Age 18. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G; dis
charged 23 Oct. '62, at York, Pa., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Hay, John. Age 20. E. S. 12 Oct. '64. 1 year; substitute; Private
Co. A; M. O. n July '65.
Hayward, Henry J. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal  ; wounded 16 Mar. '65, at Averasborough, N. C.j
discharged 17 June '65, at David's Island, N. Y. Harbor, on surgeon's cer
tificate of disabiUty. Veteran.
Haywood, Edward. Age 34. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K

ROSTER OP THE COMMAND 315
promoted to Sergeant 21 Nov. '61; discharged 10 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court
House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Headley, James A. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 28 May '63, at Annapolis, Md., of wounds received 2 May '63, in battle
of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Hebble, Joseph. Age 41. E. S. 13 Feb. '64. 3 years; Asst. Surgeon;
promoted to Surgeon 1 Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Heffron, Henry. Age 19. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 20 July '64; to Sergeant 1 May '65; M. O. n July '65.
Veteran. Helfer, George. Age 37. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 19 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department.
Hemtnger, Alonzo L. Age 19. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; promoted to Corporal 8 June '65; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Hennecy, Michael. Age 18. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; transferred to 78th Co.
2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 19 Oct. '63.
Henney, Samuel. Age 24. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 7 June '64, at LouisviUe, Ky., of wounds received 15 May '64, in battle
of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Henney, Henry C. Age 23. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. July 11 '65. Veteran.
Henry, James. Age 28. E. S. 23 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Henry, John. Age 23. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 16 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Herring, Daniel. Age 23. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. A;
captured 27 May '62, at FrankUn, W. Va.; died 25 July '62, in Rebel prison
at Lynchburg, Va.
Hess, Henry C. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; M. O. 8 June '65, at
Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty. Veteran.
Hess, Henry H. Age 45. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
captured 8 May '62, at battle of McDoweU, Va.; died 29 July '62, at Lynch
burg, Va.
Hesser, Andrew. Age 17. E. S. 25 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Hevelone, Sylvester. Age 19. E. S. 19 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. July n '65.
Hewett, Joseph H. Age — . E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged  .
Hice, Christian. Age 28. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; died 25 Feb. '65, in hospital at Savannah, Ga.

316 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Hill, Andrew J. Age 26. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 29 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Hill, Henry C. Age 20. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 29 May '65, at De Camp Hospital, N. Y., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Hill, Loren C. Age 30. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 8 May '64, in battle of Buzzard Roost, Ga.; M. O. 23 July '65, at
Johnson's Island, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Hlnchy, Edward. Age 18. E. S. 29 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Hoffman, James M. Age 21. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Holdeman, Joseph. Age 24. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
drafted; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonviUe, N. C; M. O. 11 July
'65, by order of War Department.
Holllnger, Charles. Age 19. E. S. 19 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. F; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; discharged
19 July 65, at David's Island, N. Y. Harbor.
Hollis, Lucius. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
no further record.
Hollister, Edwin H. Age 53. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged 3 Sept. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Hollister, Jay. Age 18. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C;
died 20 Sept. '63.
Holloway, George W. Age 20. E. S. 8 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. D; M. O. n July '65.
Holmes, Edwin. Age 26. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. H;
captured and paroled near Front Royal, Va., 10 July '62; discharged 14 Oct. '62,
at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Holobaugh, Jacob. Age 28. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; discharged Dec. '62, at Baltimore, Md.,
on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Holt, James C. Age 18. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 20 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Holtz, Clay. Age 19. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years. Private Co. H;
captured 27 May '62, near FrankUn, W. Va. ; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration
of term of service.
Hood, Edwin T. Age 22. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; discharged 17 Feb. '65.
Veteran. Hoofnagle, Henry J. Age 25. E. S. 22 July '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; transferred to Co. F, 17th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 3*7
Hoofnagle, Samuel. Age 25. E. S. 22 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
transferred to Co. C; 24th Vet. Res. Corps, 21 Jan. '64.
Hooper, Sidney. Age 20. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 10 Apr. '62, at Grafton, W. Vu., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Hoot, Augustus. Age 28. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Hoover, Joseph. Age 36. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; died 29 June '64, of
wounds received 27 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain. Veteran.
Hopkins, Randolph. Age 19. E. S. 5 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 7 July '65, at Chattanooga, Tenn., by order of War Department.
Hopkins, Romain C. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G ;
promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '6i;"to Sergeant  ; kiUed 15 May '64, in
battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Hoppas, Asa. Age 18. E. S. 27 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 25 May '64, near New Hope Church, Ga.; discharged 24 May '65,
at Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, Ga., by order of War Department.
Hopwood, Henry. Age 20. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; discharged 11 July '65,
at Columbus, O. Veteran.
Horn, John. Age 32. E. S. 17 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; M. O
21 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Horner, John. Age 28. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Horr, Hlram K. Age 26. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
mustered in as Wm. K. Horr; no record found.
Horton, Charles H. Age 16. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 1 Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Hosler, Thomas S. Age 21. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. K; promoted to Sergeant 10 Jan. '63; captured 2 May '63, at battle of
ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; promoted to ist Sergeant 1 Sept. '64; to Ser
geant Major 20 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Hosterman, Joshua. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C.
Hotchktns, Edward. Age 18. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E.; discharged 26 Dec. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Hotchkiss, George. Age 18. E. S. 1 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 27 Aug. '62, at Fort McHenry, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Howard, Theophilus. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private

318 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Co. A; discharged 26 Nov. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Howarth, George. Age 18. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
transferred to 6th U. S. Cavalry 10 Nov. '62.
Hoyles, John. Age 33. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; M. O.
6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Hubbard, Albert M. Age 27. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; ist Ser
geant Co. H; discharged 25 May '62, at FrankUn, W. Va., on surgeon's certifi
cate of disability.
Huey, Samuel. Age 37. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Huff, Curtis. Age 21. E. S. 23 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; dis
charged 20 Aug. '63, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Huffman, Henry. Age 19. E. S. 2 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. n July '65.
Hull, Francis H. Age 23. E. S. 10 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; promoted to Corporal
1 Nov. 64; M. O. 30 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Depart
ment. Hull, Otho H. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '61 ; to Sergeant 1 Sept. '64; wounded 16 Mar. '65,
in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Hull, Sylvester. Age 21. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Hungerford, Zadok M. Age 42. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; discharged 10 Sept. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Hunt, Edward M. Age 21. E. S. 21 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. I;
killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Hunt, Frank M. Age 24. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 5 Jan. '62; to Sergeant 10 May '63; transferred to
Co. I 17th Vet. Res. Corps 1 Nov. '63.
Hunt, Theodore. Age 35. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3'years; Corporal Co. B;
discharged 2 Jan. '63, at Providence, R. I., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Hurlbut, Charles L. Age 21. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 8 June '65; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Husted, Evelyn E. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 1 Nov. '64; wounded
16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; died 10 Apr. '65, at Golds
borough, N. C. Veteran.
Husted, Henry W. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville Va.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 3J9
Hutchens, Willett. Age 26. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Hutchinson, John. Age 29. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Hutter, Charles. Age 22. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
died 23 Jan. '63, in'hospital at Alexandria, Va.
Hyde, William. Age 21. E. S. 23 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 18 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Hyler, Frank H. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 1 Sept. '64, at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received in battle of Resaca, Ga.,
15 May '64. Veteran.
Jackson, Willlam H. Age 23. E. S. 25 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. G;
substitute; no further record found.
Jacobs, Samuel. Age 21. E. S. 24 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
substitute; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O.
9 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Jager, William. Age 20. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal  ; discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court
House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
James, Henry C. Age 22. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. Private Co. A; no fur
ther record found.
James, John A. Age 18. E. S. 6 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Jameson, Melville. Age 18. E. S. 10 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 21 June '64, near Cassville, Ga.; discharged 1 Nov. '64, at Camp
Dennison, O. Veteran.
Jarrett, William. Age 25. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 7 Mar. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disability. Jeffers, Thomas. Age 39. E. S. 13 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
substitute; in hospital at BentonviUe, N. C; M. O. 11 July '65, by order of
War Department.
Jefferson, David E. Age 20. E. S. 17. Sept '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
transferred to 101st Co. 2d BattaUon Vet. Res. Corps 28 Nov. '63.
Jefferson, George E. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Ca C; died 10 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Jenkins, William. Age 20. E. S. 24 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 10 May '63; wounded 15 May '64, at Resaca, Ga.;
M. O. 19 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Jocoy, Rollln. Age 18. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; died
30 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Johnson, Albert. Age 36. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.

320 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Johnson, Francis A. Age 21. E. S. 18 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Johnson, Hiram M. Age 26. E. S. 24 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
kiUed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Johnson, Oliver B. Age 24. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va., and 2 May '63, in battle of
ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant iNov. '64;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Johnson, William. Age 24. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. t year; Private Co. G;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Johnson, William. Age 19. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C., by order of War Department.
Jones, Dexter R. Age 24. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 1 Nov. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Jones, Edwin E. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 22 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Jones, Harrison. Age 21. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 30 Dec. '61, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Jones, James P. Age 27. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed Ser
geant Co. D; promoted to 2d Lieutenant 12 Feb. '63; captured 2 July '63,
at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 12 Mar. '65.
Jones, John A. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; reduced to ranks; wounded 22 June '64,
near Marietta, Ga.; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Jones, William. Age 40. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Jump, Ira S. Age 30. E. S. 20 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; wounded
15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; transferred to Co. F, 16th Vet. Res.
Corps, 23 Jan. '65. Veteran.
Jupp, Francis L. Age 18. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 10 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Kanable, Thomas. Age 19. E. S. 29 Dec. '63. 3 years; Private, un-
assigned; transferred to Co. F, 14th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
Karchner, William H. Age 24. E. S. 1 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Kaup, Ai F. Age 19. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Kaup, John T. Age 22. E. S. as Principal Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years;
M. O. 19 Aug. '61, by order of War Department.
Kavanagh, Michael. Age 29. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; no further record found.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 321
Kay, Joseph. Age 37. E. S. 2 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private, unassigned
transferred to Co. B., 14th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
Keckler, Joshua. Age 28. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
no further record found.
Keeler, Alonzo. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
promoted to Corporal 1 Oct. '62; to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; wounded 20 July '64
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Keeler, Alonzo B. Age 24. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; promoted
to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; to Sergeant 1 May '65; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp
Dennison, O., by order War Department. Veteran.
Keeler, Clarence L. Age 17. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years. Private Co. D;
killed 7 June '62, by accidental discharge of pistol, at Moorefield, W. Va.
Keeran, William. Age 27. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
drafted; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N.C; discharged
13 May '65, at McDougaU Hospital, N. Y., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Keesey, William A. Age 18. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 11 Dec. '62, at Fairfax Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Kehrwoker, John. Age 38. E. S. 14 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. 22 May '65, at Madison, Ind., by order of War Department.
Kelble, Hugh. Age 14. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Kelble, Xavier. Age 37. E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; M. O.
by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Keller, Jacob. Age 30. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Keller, John. Age 39. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Keller, John. Age 26. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Keller, Philip J. Age 26. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
M. O. 26 Oct. '64, at Atlanta, Ga., on expiration of term of service.
Kelley, Eleazer F. Age 24. E. S. n Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 15 Feb. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Kelley, Wallace C. Age 18. E. S. 1 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Kellogg, Bradford N. Age 24. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; reduced to ranks; M. O. 16 Oct. '64,
on expiration of term of service.
Kellogg, Henry M. Age 21. E. S. 5 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 29 May '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.

322 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Kellogg, Lyman. Age 41. E. S. 26 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 1 June '65, at U. S. General Hospital, Parkersburg, W. Va., by order
of War Department.
Kemphere, Samuel. Age — . E. S. 27 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G ;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Kennedy, Alexander. Age 21. E. S. 11 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. D; killed 22 June '64, in action near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.
Kent, George W. Age 44. E. S. 23 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
transferred to 65th Co., 2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 9 Oct. '63.
Kessler, William W. Age 19. E. S. 14 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. 19 May '65, by order of War Department.
Kieffer, Peter H. Age 20. E. S. 20 Feb. '64.' 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Kime, James M. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
King, Giles. Age 38. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; pro
moted to Sergeant 31 Dec. '61; transferred to Co. D, 14th Vet. Res. Corps,
31 July '63.
King, Henry C. Age 30. E. S. 4 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 19 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
King, John L. Age 33. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Kinney, Martin. Age — . E. S. 25 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 18 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of'dis-
abiUty. Kinney, Sylvester. Age 18. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 2 Dec. '62, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Klnsey, Samuel. Age 32. E. S. 4 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. H, 5th Regiment. Vet. Res. Corps; wounded 20 July '64, in
battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 7 Aug. '65, at Indianapolis, Ind., by
order of War Department.
Kirkman, William. Age 36. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private" Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Kirkwood, Evan A. Age 28. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant
Co. B; discharged 12 Feb. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Kittle, Charles T. T. Age 18. E. S. 19 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. n July '65.
Kittle, James A. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Kline, Barna M. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. 26 Sept. '64, at Chattanooga, Tenn., on expiration of term of service.
Kline, Clark M. Age 18. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 323
promoted to Corporal i June '64; to Sergeant 31 Dec. '64; discharged 15 June '65 ,
at Fairfax Seminary, Va. Veteran.
Kline, Jesse. Age 21. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; M. O.
29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Kline, John. Age 21. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O. by
order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Klinefelter, Joseph. Age 38. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; killed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Kling, Jay. Age 33. E. S. 3 Oct. '6i. 3 years; Surgeon; M. O. 12 Oct.
'64, on expiration of term of service.
Klour, Henry. Age 21. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 29 Aug. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Knapp, Brundage. Age 21. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 12 Aug. '62, at Frederick, Md.
Knapp, Gustave. Age 36. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
detached as armorer at Chattanooga, Tenn., since 1 Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65,
at Columbus, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Knapp, Jairus. Age 23. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis
charged 20 May '62, at FrankUn, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Knapp, Joel. Age 29. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis
charged 15 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Knowles, Philip F. Age 39. E. S. 10 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
transferred to Co. I, 5th Vet. Res. Corps, 3 Aug. '64.
Kooken, Jefferson. Age 41. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 20 Sept. '62, at Fort McHenry,* Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Kotterman, Levi. Age 27. E. S. 3 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
died 27 Sept. '62, of wounds received 3o*Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Kramer, William H. Age 22. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Sergeant; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va. ;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Kuhlman, Samuel. Age 22. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
killed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Kunci, Frederick A. Age 42. E. S. 17 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 19 July '65, at
Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Kunkle,* John E. Age'22. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Sergeant Co. A~30 Sept. '61; promoted to ist Sergeant 7 Jan. '63;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps 14 Sept. '63.
Kunkle, Thomas A. Age 24. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran. Kyner, Samuel. Age 38. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. K;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.

324 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
La Bauti, William. Age 38. E. S. 13 Oct. '64. t year; Private Co. G;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Lambert, Mahlon. Age 22. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Sergeant-Major 25 Oct. '61; discharged 23 Dec. '62, on surgeon's
certificate of disabiUty.
Lambright, Isaac. Age 19. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
died 3 Sept. '62, at Frederick, Md.
Lambright, John F. Age 22. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant 16 May '64; wounded 16 Mar.
'65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 29 June '65, at David's Island,
N. Y. Harbor; commissioned 2d Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered. Veteran.
Lane, Joseph W. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Lane, Samuel. Age 44. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 23 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Lannlng, James. Age 18. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Lapham, Amaza. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 6 Aug. '62, at Frederick, Md.
Lapham, Charles O. Age 30. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Larktns, James H. Age 19. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 20 June '64, near Cassville, Ga.; M. O. on expiration of term of
service. Latimer, George. Age 43. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 21 May '62, at FrankUn, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disa
biUty. Lathrop, Philetus C. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; appointed Corporal 1 Sept. '62; promoted to Sergeant-Major 1 July '63;
to 2d Lieutenant Co. A, 1 Apr. '64; to ist Lieutenant 8 May '64; not mustered;
wounded 22 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; discharged 27
Oct. '64, for wounds received in action. Veteran.
Laudenschlager, Martin. Age 22. E. S. 8 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 9 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Laughlln, Patrick. Age 28. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Wagoner
Co. F; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Laush, Enos. Age 44. E. S. 25 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
mustered in as Enos Larsh; transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps,
7 Oct. '63.
Laux, John. Age 30. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; no
further record found.
Law, William C. Age 21. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 20 Apr. '62, by order of War Department.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 32S
Lawrence, Rufus W. Age 18. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; returned to first enUstment in 72d Ohio Volunteer Infantry 23 Dec. '61.
Lawson, Hubert T. Age 21. E. S. 1 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. I;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; promoted to Corporal
1 Dec. '64; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Lawton, William W. Age 18. E. S. 2 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 1 Mar. '65; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Leather, Ezra. Age 40. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
drafted; died 25 Apr. '65, at New Berne, N. C, of wounds received 16 Mar. '65,
in battle of Averasborough, N. C.
Lee, Albion F. Age 18. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. n July '65.
Lee, Dwight. Age 16. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. I;
M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Lee, Ezra. Age 18. E. S. 20 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; pro
moted to Corporal  ; M. O. 20 Dec. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration
of term of service.
Lee, John C. Age 33. E. S. 11 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed Major
24 Oct. '61; promoted to Colonel 28 Nov. '61; resigned 8 May '63; Colonel
of the 164th Ohio Volunteer Infantry 3 May '64; Brevet Brigadier General of
Volunteers 13 Mar. '65 for meritorious services in the field; M. O. 27 Aug. '64;
died 24 Mar. '91; buried at Tiffin, O.
Lehman, Gabriel. Age 44. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, at McDougaU Hospital, N. Y., by order of War
Department. Leiser, Daniel. Age 39. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
substitute; wounded at Silver Creek, N. C, 14 Mar. '65; left on field; no
further record found.
Leith, Francis M. Age 17. E. S. 25 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; killed
2 Apr. '65, near MagnoUa Station, S. C. Veteran.
Lenan, Frederick. Age 29. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart
ment. Lenox, George. Age 27. E. S. 15 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
substitute; captured 19 Nov. '64, near Madison, Ga.; died 29 Jan. '65, in Rebel
prison at AndersonvUle, Ga.
Lewis, Daniel L. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 22 Dec. '62, at Philadelphia, Pa., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Lewis, James N. Age 32. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C., by order of War Depart
ment.

326 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Llndley, Martin. Age 20. E. S. 17 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 21 Mar. '65, at hospital, Columbus, O., by order of War Depart
ment. Linn, Clarence. Age 20. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. H;
discharged 18 Mar. '64, at Lookout VaUey, Tenn., on surgeon's certificate of
disability. Linn, James. Age 19. E. S. 25 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H; died
27 June '64, at Chattanooga, Tenn.
Little, Henry. Age 37. E. S. 22 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 17 July '65, at Camp Cleveland, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran. Livengood, Peter H. Age 33. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; discharged 20 Oct. '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate
of disability. Livensparger, Isaac. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.;
discharged 30 Apr. '64, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Livensparger, Philip. Age 29. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; kiUed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Lloyd, Eugene D. Age 24. E. S. 14 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Lockwood, Charles H. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; reduced to ranks; discharged 29
Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Long, Charles. Age 43. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Long, Walton E. Age 20. E. S. 27 Jan. '65. 1 year; Private Co. A;
M. O. n July '65.
Long, William A. Age 29. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. H. 30 Sept. '61; resigned 17 Aug. '62.
Long, William H. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. C;
promoted to Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; discharged 22 Oct. '62, at  , New Jersey.
Longstreet, Thomas A. Age 26. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Lott, George. Age 23. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 14 Dec. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Love, Andrew. Age 21. E. S. 15 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 15 May '65, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Love, Henry C. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 7 Dec. '61; died 14 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Lowe, Charles C. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal 11 July '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 327
Lowe, John R. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. C;
promoted to Sergeant 4 Apr. '62; to ist Sergeant 17 July '62; to Sergeant-
Major n Feb. '63; wounded 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; promoted
to 2d Lieutenant Co. B 19 Mar. '64; to Captain Co. H 27 June '64;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Lowry, Elan. Age 29. E. S. 19 Aug. '64. 3 years; Private Co. E; died
3 Oct. '64, at Atlanta, Ga.
Lowry, James H. Age 26. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Ludwig, Peter. Age 23. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 1 Oct. '64, at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of disa
bility. Veteran.
Luman, John. Age 19. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
re-enUsted in regular army 27 July '63.
Luman, William E. Age 24. E. S. 23 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Lynch, Owen. Age 30. E. S. 9 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D; killed
2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
McBeth, James. Age 28. E. S. 20 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
McClary, Charles. Age 30. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
McConahy, Joseph. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 20 July, '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. McConnell, James S. Age 15. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; discharged 25 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. McConnell, James S. Age 18. E. S. 29 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. I; M. O. 11 July '65.
McConnell, Joseph. Age 42. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; promoted to Corporal
1 Jan. '64; M. O. 18 July '65, by order of War Department, at Milwaukee,
Wis. Veteran.
McCord, Alonzo. Age 18. E. S. 9 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
discharged 14 Mar. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
McCormick, David. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Corporal  ; reduced to ranks; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
McCoy, Aaron. Age 20. E. S. 25 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran. McFarland, Edward. Age 22. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; no further record found.

328 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
McFarland, Edward E. Age 21. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; died 17 May '64, of wounds received 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
McFarland, William J. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged
1 Sept. '63; promoted to Corporal 1 Sept. '64; to Sergeant 27 Mar. '65; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
McGee, William C. Age 24. E. S. 7 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
McGlone, Hiram W. Age 23. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 7 Dec. '62; reduced to ranks 5 Jan. '62; discharged
3 July '63, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
McGrady, James. Age 18. E. S. 8 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 22 Feb. '62, by accidental discharge of gun at Grafton, W. Va.; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
McGuckln, David. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 6 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
McGuckln, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61 3 years; Private Co. C;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va.
McKenzie, Robert. Age 35. E. S. 16 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. 1;
discharged 7 Sept. '62, at CentreviUe, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Mackln, Mathias. Age 23. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Mackln, Thaddeus. Age 22. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65.
McLaughlin, John. Age 26. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on ex
piration of term of service.
McMorris, John T. Age 35- E. S. 2 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 9 Oct. '63, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. McMorris, Joseph. Age 21. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; died 4 Feb. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
McNamara, William J. Age 21. E. S. 11 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. G; transferred to I52d Co., 2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 30 Jan. '64.
Mahan, William P. Age 22. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
discharged 19 Mar. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Malay, David. Age 23. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Marquot, Peter. Age 21. E. S. 10 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K
killed 9 Nov. '63, at Lookout Mountain, Tenn., by explosion of a shell.
Martin, Frank M. Age 32. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years. Regimental
Adjutant; promoted to Captain Co. F 10 Mar. '63; resigned 6 June '63.
Martin, John. Age 40. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B; killed
30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 329
Martin, John B. Age 37. E. S. 6 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 11 July "65.
Martin, John K. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Sergeant  ; discharged 31 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va., by
order of War Department.
Martin, Levi. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. F, 17th Vet Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Martin, Melkiah. Age 36. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Masters, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 23 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Mathis, Charles R. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 10 Dec. '62, at Fairfax, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Mauch, Anthony. Age 31. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K
transferred to 2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Maurer, Albert. Age 18. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 22 May '64, at Camp Dennison, O., for wounds received in action
leg amputated.
Maxwell, Richard. Age 29. E. S. 25 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
May, George T. Age 21. E. S. 4 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Mears, James R. Age 34. E. S. 25 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
discharged 7 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Mears, John. Age — . E. S. 25 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
discharged 7 Oct. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Melroy, Oliver. Age 19. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
captured 15 Sept. '63, at Bristoe, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration of term
of service. MERRrFlELD, Thomas J. Age 23. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; discharged 9 Jan. '64, at Lookout VaUey, Tenn., on surgeon's certifi
cate of disabiUty.
Mesnard, Eri. Age 20. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; to Sergeant 1 May '63; wounded 2 May '63,
in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; kiUed 22 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw
Mountain, Ga. Veteran.
Mesnard, Lewis. Age 23. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 9 Aug. '62, at Freeman's Ford, Va.; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp
Dennison, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Mesnard, Luther B. Age 23. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. D; wounded 2d July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; promoted

330 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
to ist Sergeant i Jan. '64; to Captain Co. B, 25th Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
18 Mar. '64. Veteran.
Messenger, Billy N. • Age 40. E. S. 1 Nov. '61. 3 years; Musician
Co. C; discharged 3 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty, at Balti
more, Md.
Messer, Thomas. Age 41. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, by order of War Department.
Metzgar, Amos. Age 18. E. S.  . 3 years; Private Co. G; captured
2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged 1 Sept. '63; wounded
-20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; discharged  , for wounds
received 3 Mar. '65. Veteran.
Michael, Malachi. Age 41. E. S. 11 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 30 Oct. '63.
Michaels, George W. Age 25. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Midlam, Oscar W. Age 23. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Millen, James G. Age 21. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
promoted to Commissary Sergeant 1 Oct. '61; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps
14 Sept. '63.
Miller, Aretas. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Miller, Conrad. Age 45. E. S. 11 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; to Sergeant  ; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Miller, George. Age 40. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at New York, by order of War Department.
Miller, Henry. Age 26. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged;
M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Miller, Henry W. Age 45. E. S. 11 Oct. '61. 3 years; appointed ist
Lieutenant Co. K 21 Nov. '61; promoted to Captain Co. C 12 Feb. '63;
wounded 15 May '64, at Resaca, Ga.; resigned 28 Sept. '64.
Miller, John. Age 19. E. S. 5 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. n July '65.
Miller, John W. Age 18. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonviUe, N. C; M. O. 16 June '65, at
Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Miller, Richard. Age 22. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. G;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Miller, Sylvester M. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Sergeant Co. B; discharged 28 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's
certificate of disability.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 331
Miller, Theodore. Age 35. E. S. 24 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 5 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Miller, Thomas W. E. S. 24 Aug. '63. 3 years; ist Lieutenant Co. F;
transferred to Co. E 31 Mar. '64; appointed Adjutant 1 Apr. '64; transferred
to Co. C 2 Sept. '64; M. O. 4 Jan. '65, on expiration of term of service.
Miller, William E. Age 20. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; promoted to Sergeant Co. A 1 Jan. '64; wounded 16 Mar. '65, at
Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 11 Jan. '65. Veteran.
Miller, William Henry. Age 18. E. S. 27 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; promoted to Corporal — — ; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Mlllis, William R. Age 32. E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years;
M. O. by order of War Department 19 Aug. '62.
Mills, John. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C; drafted;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Mills, Wilmot A. Age 18. E. S. n Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 23 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn.; M. O. 9 June '65,
at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Minor, Daniel I. Age 30. E. S. 4 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 19 Apr. '64, at Lookout Valley, Tenn., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Minus, George W. Age 19. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
drowned 14 Apr. '62, at Moorefield, W. Va., whUe on duty.
Mirrer, John. Age 33. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Mitchell, Jacob. Age 23. E. S. 24 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
killed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Mohn, John B. Age 24. E. S. 2 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 1 Mar. '65; M. O. n July '65.
Mohr, Mandes. Age 21. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 14 July '63, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received 2 May '63, in
battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Moore, Benjamin F. Age 19. E. S. 27 Jan. '65. 1 year; Private Co. A;
M. O. n July '65.
Moore, Henry H. Age 23. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
promoted to ist Sergeant Co. A 30 Sept. '61; to Sergeant-Major 1 Jan. '62; 2d
Lieutenant Co. A 23 Dec. '62; ist Lieutenant Co. D 1 June '64; to Captain
Co. E 27 June '64; resigned 15 Jan. '65.
Moore, James C. Age 21. E. S. 30 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
wounded 2 May '63, at ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; transferred to 69th Co., 2d Bat
taUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 7 Oct. '63.
Moore, Luther J. Age 30. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. 1;
discharged 11 Dec. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty.

332 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Morris, Elias. Age 34. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Wagoner Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Morse, Edwin S. Age 26. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUors
viUe, Va; reduced to ranks 1 Mar. '65; M. O. 19 July '65, at Camp Cleveland,
O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Morse, Francis H. Age 33. E. S. 26 Nov. '61. 3 years; 2d Lieutenant
Co. E; promoted to ist Lieutenant 23 Dec. '62; wounded 2 May '63, in battle
of Chancellorsville, Va.; promoted to Captain 19 Mar. '64; resigned 22 Apr. '64.
Moser, William. Age 24. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 4 Feb. '63.
Motley, George H. Age 18. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Moyer, John. Age 20. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Mulholand, Albert C. Age 18. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. F; substitute; died 18 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Munger, Charles. Age 19. E, S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Munson, Helsel P. Age 22. E. S. 22 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 9 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Murray, Andrew C. Age 25. E. S. 3 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 1 Nov. '64, at Camp Dennison, O., on expiration of term of service.
Myer, Jacob. Age 23. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; pro
moted to Corporal 9 June '65; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Myer, John. Age 44. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C; M. O.
11 July '65.
Myer, John R. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
killed 3 June '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Myer, Nicholas. Age 31. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. t year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C., by order of War Depart
ment. Myers, Albert. Age 27. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Myers, Benjamin F. Age 32. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Myers, George. Age 21. E. S. 22 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K
transferred to 61st Ohio Volunteer Infantry 1 July '62.
Myers, James C. Age 28. E. S. 25 Jan. '65. 3 years; Asst. Surgeon
M. O. 11 July '65.
Myers, John. Age 44. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 333
discharged 23 Oct. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Myers, John R. Age 22. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Myers, Matthias. Age 44. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 5 July '65, at Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, O., by order
of War Department.
Negele, William. Age 26. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal  ; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.,
discharged 27 Aug. '63, at Columbus, O.
Neidig, Valentine. Age 37. E. S. 23 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Neman, Herman F. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '61; killed 3 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run,
Va. Nelson, James. Age 39. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Nelson, Samuel. Age 31. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Newberry, Thomas. Age 50. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 22 Apr. '62, near Moorefield, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Nicholas, Nelson H. Age 28. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; promoted to ist Sergeant 7 Dec. '61; discharged 1 Jan. '63, by order
of War Department.
Nichols, Azenia A. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
appointed to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 1 May '65; wounded 22 June '64,
near Marietta, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Nichols, Francis M. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted to Corporal 1 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Nighswander, Andrew. Age 18. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps 5 Nov. '64; M. O. 22 June '65, at Camp
Dennison, O. Veteran.
Nighswander, Martln. Age 20. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. B; promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of
Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 3 June '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart
ment. Veteran.
Nighswander, Robert. Age 18. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Niles, Albert G. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
captured 30 Oct. '64; discharged 20 May '65, at Columbus, O., by order of
War Department.

334 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Nitz, John. Age 29. E. S. 18 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K; M. O.
9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Noah, John. Age 18. E. S. 26 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A; trans
ferred from Co. F Dec. '62; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by
order of War Department.
Noisot, John. Age 25. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Norris, John H. Age 24. E. S. 31 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 27 May '64, of wounds received in battle of Resaca, Ga., 15 May '64.
Norris, Thomas. Age 39. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
substitute; M. O. 2 June '65, by order of War Department.
Norton, Rufus. Age 45. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 9 June '63, on surgeon's certificate of disabUity.
Nortrip, Wllliam H. Age 33. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; discharged 11 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Null, James J. Age 18. E. S. 8 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
wounded 20 July '64, at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 24 July '65, at
Columbus, O., by order of the War Department.
Nus, Conrad. Age 45. E. S. 22 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Nye, Benjamin F. Age 38. E. S. 11 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
kiUed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Nygh, Adam R. Age 19. E. S. 21 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. n July '65.
Oaks, Jacob S. Age 28. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged April '63, at Fort Schuyler, N. Y., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Oberholtzer, Samuel W. Age 33. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. G; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; leg amputated;
transferred to 120th Co., 2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 15 Dec. '63.
Olds, Gilbert O. Age 18. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal  ; transferred to Co. I, 12th Vet. Res. Corps,
20 May '64.
Olds, Hubert B. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 6 Aug. '64, at Atlanta, Ga.; promoted to Corporal 27 Mar. '65;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
O'Leary, Thomas. Age 26. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. C 16 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Sergeant 4 April '62; to 2d Lieu
tenant 17 July '62; to ist Lieutenant 6 Mar. '63; resigned 28 Dec. '63.
Olens, Charles. Age 22. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
transferred to 5th U. S. Cavalry 26 Nov. '63.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 335
Opher, Henry. Age 20. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
killed 3 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Opher, Henry, Jr. Age 23. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 2 July '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Osborn, Asa F. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal t Sept. '64; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Osborn, Hartwell. Age 21. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. I 7 Dec. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant Co. H 12 Feb. '63;
wounded and captured[2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged;
promoted to Captain Co. B 4 Aug. '63;. commissioned Major 4 June '65, not
mustered; M. O. 11 July '65.
Osborn, Jason H. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Osborn, Jerome. Age 18. E. S. 27 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 July '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
QgBORN, Joseph E. Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 23 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge,\Tenn.; M. O. 11 July '65-
Veteran. Osborn, Wllliston. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 6 Oct. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Orwig, George W. Age 21. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
captured 3 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged; M. O.
24 July '65, at Columbus, O. Veteran.
Osier, Cyrus M. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 6 Feb. '63, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Ostlen, John. Age 20. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal  ; kiUed 30 Aug. '62, in battle at Bull Run, Va.
Otis, Robert. Age 23. E. S. 2 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A; died
29 Oct. '64, at Chattanooga, Tenn.
Otterbecker, John. Age 18. E. S. 28 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
wounded 20 June '64, at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; discharged 22 Aug. '64, at
Camp Dennison, O., for wounds received in action; arm amputated.
Otto, Peter. Age 26. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 29 May '63, at Brooke Station, Va., of wounds received 2 May '63, in
battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Overman, Frederick. Age 19. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. t year; Private
Co. C; substitute; died 6 Apr. '65, at Geer House General Hospital, Wilming
ton, N. C.
Owen, Emory. Age 18. E. S. 1 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Owen, Russell S. Age 18. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Corporal 3 Jan. '62; to Sergeant 1 Aug. '63; wounded 25 May '64,
in battle of New Hope Church, Ga.; M. O. 18 Nov. '64, on expiration of term
of service.

33° TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Paine, Clinton. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Palmer, George P. Age 22. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 Dec. '62; captured 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg,
Pa.; promoted to Sergeant 22 June '64; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of
term of service.
Palmer, Mark C. Age 22. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. 62, by order of War Department.
Palmer, Van Buren. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; captured 17 July '63, at Aldie, Va.; M. O. 23 Oct. '64, on expiration
of term of service.
Park, David W. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 4 May '63, while prisoner of war, of wounds received 2 May '63, in battle
of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Parks, William M. Age 25. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 27 Oct. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Parmenter, Francis M. Age 18. E. S. 14 July '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's
certificate of disabiUty.
Parmenter, Harvey D. Age 31. E. S. 14 July '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; captured May ¦> '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va., exchanged;
M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of the War Department.
Parsons, Burton H. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; captured 2 May '63, at battle of
ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged 1 Sept. '63; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Patrick, Richard F. Age 35. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; promoted to ist Lieutenant 7 Dec. '61; resigned 11 June '63.
Patterson, John P. Age 21. E. S. 1 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
died 6 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Patterson, Nathaniel. Age 22. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; transferred 7 Oct. '63 to 69th Co. 2d BattaUon Vet. Res. Corps.
Patterson, Wilson. Age 25. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
discharged 30 Sept. '62, at CentreviUe, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Paxton, Milton. Age 36. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I
drafted M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Pease, Anson. Age 18. E. S. 10 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '65; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Pease, Benjamin. Age 18. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
captured 30 Oct. '64; exchanged; M. O. 20 June '65. Veteran.
Peck, Albert E. Age 21. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed 2d Lieu
tenant Co. E 24 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 21 Nov. '61; to Captain
Co. H 6 Mar. '63; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Peck, Alpheus J. Age 21. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; to Sergeant 20 July '64; ist Sergeant

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 337
22 May '64; commissioned 2d Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Peck, Chauncey T. Age 24. E. S. 12 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 30 Apr. '63; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Peck, Cyrenius A. Age 19. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 12 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Peck, Ira O. Age 21. E. S. 10 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; pro
moted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.,
on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Peck, Lewis. Age 30. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. H;
promoted to Sergeant 3 Oct. '62; to ist Sergeant 2 May '63; to Quartermaster
Sergeant 1 Sept. '64; to ist Lieutenant Co. I 21 Sept. '64; honorable discharge
15 May '65. Veteran.
Peightal, John. Age 25. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Pelton, Henry J. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Corporal Co. B; promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant 1 Oct. '64;
to Quartermaster Sergeant 7 June '65; commissioned ist Lieutenant 10 July '65,
not mustered; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Pence, John. Age 28. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; M. O.
16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Penfield, Wllliam C. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. D; promoted to Sergeant 2 Oct. '62; to ist Sergeant 1 Sept. '64; M. O.
19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Pennington, Robert C. Age 44. E. S. 22 Aug. '61. 3 years; Regi
mental Quartermaster; resigned 23 July '62.
Perdew, Jackson V. Age 28. E. S. 1 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Perkey, Benjamin F. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; discharged 26 Jan. '63, at New York City, on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Perkey, Lewis. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 1 May '63; killed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Veteran. Perrtn, Walter R. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D ;
promoted to Corporal 1 Dec. '62; transferred to Co. E, 9th Vet. Res. Corps
16 July '63.
Perslng, Henry W. Age 31. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. C 16 Oct. '61; Captain 6 June '63; Captain and Assistant
Quartermaster of Volunteers 3 July '63; M. O. 13 Mar. '66; died 22
June '70.
Petit, Thomas T. Age 32. E. S. 15 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Commissary Sergeant 16 Feb. '63; to ist Lieutenant Co. F,
25 July '64; M. O. 11 July '65.

338 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Phillips, George W. Age 25. E. S. 22 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E
drafted; M. O. 26 June '65, by order of War Department.
PmLLrps, John. Age 21. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, at Albany, N. Y., by order of War Department.
Phillips, Joseph. Age 26. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F
drafted; M. O. 10 July '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Plfer, George W. Age 18. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Pike, Dorus. Age 19. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; dis
charged 27 May '62, at Petersburg, W. Va., on'surgeon's certificate of disabUity.
Pinney, Henry C. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
transferred to 114th Co., 2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 9 Dec. '63.
Pinney, Jackson N. Age 26. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
transferred to 84th Co., 2d BattaUon Vet. Res. Corps, 8 Mar. '64.
Pisel, Jeremiah. Age 25. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Pdcley, Francis A. Age 20. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 28 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
Pixley, Peter A. Age 24. E. S. 11 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A,
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of [ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; discharged 19 Dec. '64
on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Plantz, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 21 July '63, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Plotts, John. Age 35. E. S. 21 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps 1 Mar. '64; M. O. 26 Jan. '66, to date 21 Aug. '64,
at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.
Plue, George W. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 4 Sept. '62, at Alexandria, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Pollock, William E. Age 29. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; kiUed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Pool, Robert W. Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; promoted to
2d Lieutenant Co. H 24 Oct. '61; to ist Lieutenant and Adjutant 3 Oct. '62;
to Captain Co. A, 1 Aug. '63; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va.,
2 May '63, at ChanceUorsviUe, Va., and 25 May '64, at Burnt Hickory, Ga.;
resigned 29 Aug. '64.
Porter, Abram. Age 28. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 31 May '65, at David's Island, N. Y. Harbor, by order of War
Department. Portz, George. Age 18. E. S. 18 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 28 Dec. '63, at Lookout VaUey, Tenn.
Post, Samuel. Age 59. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis
charged 20 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Post, Sterling H. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 339
promoted to Corporal i June '64; to Sergeant 1 Nov. '64; M. O. n July '65.
Veteran. Potter, Daniel, Age 19. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 5 June '63, at Providence, R. I., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Potter, William W. Age 20. E. S. 4 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Columbus, O., for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in
battle of BuU Run, Va.
Potts, Sylvester. Aged 33. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. I year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Powell, Samuel P. Age 26. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; discharged 23 May '65, at DeCamp Hospital, N. Y., on surgeon's
certificate of disabiUty.
Powers, Edwin H. Age 29. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed .
Captain Co. E 20 Dec. '61; transferred to Co. K 3 Mar. '64; promoted to
Lieutenant-Colonel 27 June '64; to Colonel 6 June '65; M. O. 11 July '65;
wounded at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va., 2 May '64.
Pratt, George W. Age 44. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. E;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Pratt, George W. Age 34. E. S. 15 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 2 July '64, in hospital at NashviUe, Tenn., of wounds received 15 May '64.
in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Preble, Edward. Age 39. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. B;
transferred to 48th Co., 2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps, 11 Sept. '63.
Preston, Hiram K. Age 45. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; ist Sergeant
Co. E; died 18 June '62, at New Creek, W. Va.
Preston, William W. Age 34. E. S. 24~Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. G;
substitute; died 26 Feb. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Preston, William W. Age 34. E. S. 24 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. B; substitute.
Price, Edward. Age 20. E. S. 21 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Price, George B. Age 19. E. S. 27 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; died 31 Aug. '64, at Murfreesborough, Tenn.,
of wounds received in action. Veteran.
Price, George W. Age 18. E. S. 20 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Price, Geo. W. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
died 18 Dec. '62, at Baltimore, Md.
Pronto, Benjamin. Age 20. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 13 Feb. '65; M. O. 21 June '65, at David's Island, N. Y., by order
of War Department. Veteran.
Prtjden, Charles F. Age 18. E. S. 4 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;

340 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
Puchert, Charles. Age 22. E. S. 14 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 13 Dec. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
ability. Pugh, Moses. Age 18. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '62; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run,
Va.; promoted to Sergeant 1 Sept. '64; to ist Sergeant 26 June '65; com
missioned 2d Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Purdy, John C. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. ii July '65. Veteran.
Quackenbush, Alvarado. Age 21. E. S. 5 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Quackenbush, John. Age 19. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Ragon, George W. Age 19. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '65; wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUors
viUe, Va., and 27 Aug. '64, at Turner's Ferry, Ga.; M. O. 9 June '65, at
Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Ragon, Henry H. Age 24. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. H;
promoted to 2d Lieutenant 3 Oct. '62; resigned 24 Mar. '63.
Ralston, Robert P. Age 27. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; died 11 July '62, at SperryviUe, Va.
Ramsey, Robert. Age 25. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Rathburn, Hiram L. Age 20. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; discharged 3 Jan. '64, at Lookout Valley, Tenn., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Rawson, Oscar. Age 20. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 4 Sept. '62, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in
battle of BuU Run, Va.
Ray, Frank. Age 20. E. S. 22 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 20 July '64,'in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; discharged 16 Mar '65,
at Fort Schuyler, N. Y.
Ray, Lewis. Age 18. E. S. 1 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C; dis
charged 3 Dec. '62, at Philadelphia, Pa., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Ream, Henry. Age 30. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 20 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
ability. Redding, Charles L. Age 22. E. S. 5 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 29 Sept. '64, at Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 341
Reed, Andrew. Age 20. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 28 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Reed, Isaac. Age 19. E. S. 5 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; wounded
20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Relmal, John. Age 18. E. S. 3 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. I; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Reiser, Frederick. Age 24. E. S. Oct. 17 '61. 3 years; appointed
Sergeant Co. K, 21 Nov. '61; promoted to ist Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; to Com
missary Sergeant 1 Sept. '64; to ist Lieutenant Co. B 20 Apr. '65; M. O.
n July '65. Veteran.
Reisterer, Ludwig. Age 31. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 8 Oct. '63.
«* Remming, Peter. Age 28. E. S. as Musician 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; M. O.
19 Aug. '62 by order of War Department.
Reneaux, Anthony. Age 31. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D.
Reynolds, David C. Age 18. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal  ; kiUed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Rhtnebarger, Thomas. Age 20. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. 11 July '65.
Rice, Ambrose. Age 32. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Sergeant 31 Dec. '61; reduced to ranks; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in
battle of Bull Run, Va.; appointed Corporal 1 Nov. '64; reduced to ranks
1 Jan. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Richards, Alexander M. Age 25. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; discharged 16 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Richards, Edgar. Age 23. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Richards, Zetus. Age 21. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 31 Dec. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Ricketson, Charles F. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Riker, Jeremiah. Age 39. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. H;
discharged 19 Oct. '62, at Fairfax Seminary, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Riley, John. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. I year; Private Co. G; sub
stitute; no further record found.
Riley, Silas P. Age 20. E. S. 3 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
kiUed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va.
Rinebarger, George. Age 18. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Rdjebarger, Leander. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.

342 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Rtnkard, John. Age 19. E. S. 23 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Riper, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co, E
M. O. 11 July '65.
Ritz, George. Age 21. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
discharged 10 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Robblns, Charles D. Age 25. E. S. 8 Oct. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. F 16 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 23 July '62; to
Captain 8 May '63; resigned 24 Mar. '64.
Robblns, Rudolphus. Age 30. E. S. 8 Oct. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. K; promoted Captain 21 Nov. '61; to Major_8 May '63;
kiUed 15 May '64, at battle of Resaca, Ga.
Robenalt, Andrew. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Roberts, Albert. Age 46. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 25 Oct. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Roberts, Lewis. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 19 May '65, at Grant General Hospital, N. Y., on surgeon's certifi
cate of disabiUty. Veteran.
Roberts, Luther. Age 24. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 7 July '65, from Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, O., by order
of War Department.
Roberts, William. Age 18. E. S. 21 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 10 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Robertson, John. Age 43. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps 30 Oct. '63.
Robinson, Benjamin C. Age 18. E. S. 24 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; transferred to Co. C,
6th Vet. Res. Corps 13 Mar. '65. Veteran.
Robinson, Horace. Age 37. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. G 20 Nov. '61; promoted to Captain 14 Dec. '61; wounded
and captured 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; died 10 May '63,
in Rebel prison at Lynchburg, Va.
Roblnson, Jerome. Age 30. E. S. 21 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
kiUed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Robinson, Joseph S. Age 18. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died 26 June '64, in hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds received
19 June '64, in action near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Veteran.
Roblnson, William H. Age 34. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged 30 Sept. '63, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Roblnson, William H. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 343
Co. G; transferred to 187th Co. ist BattaUon Vet. Res. Corps 20 Sept. '64.
Veteran. Rodgeb, Jacob. Age 25. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 30 Sept. '62, at Frederick, Md.
Rodgers, William H. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Corporal 14 Dec. '61; to Sergeant  '62; wounded
30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; discharged 20 July '64, to accept com
mission in U. S. Colored Troops. Veteran.
Rogers, Daniel. Age 32. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Wagoner, Co. I;
discharged 12 July" 62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Rombo, Frederick. Age 31. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal  ; reduced to ranks 26 Dec. '62; absent since
30 Aug. '62; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps.
Rook, William. Age 45. E. S. 19 Oct. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. F;
promoted Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; M. O. 11 Jan. '65. Veteran.
Ross, Alexander M. Age 25. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; promoted to Corporal — — ; wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull
Run, Va.; transferred to Co. D, 14th Vet. Res. Corps 31 July '63.
Ross, Charles. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. , 1 year; Private Co. B; sub
stitute; died 22 Nov. '64, at NashviUe, Tenn.
Ross, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 26 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
transferred from Co. F, '62; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C.
Rowland, Jairus H. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; promoted to Corporal
1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 18 Mar. '64; discharged 30 May '65, at Cleveland, O.,
on surgeon's certificate of disability. Veteran.
Royce, Abner. Age 23. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 27 Oct. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Ruch, George W. Age 25. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 31 Aug. '62, at ClarysviUe, Md.
Ruckle, John. Age 21. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Rude, Levi. Age 23. E. S. 31 Dec. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D; no
further record.
Rumbacher, Lawrence. Age 36. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. H; drafted; M. O. June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War De
partment. Rumbaugh, James. Age 22. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; killed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUors
viUe, Va.
Rumbaugh, William J. Age 28. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; promoted to Corporal  ; killed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUors
viUe, Va,

344 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Rumpel, John W. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Rumsey, George. Age 38. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Rundel, Marvin. Age 29. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 3 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Runner, Alfred G. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; discharged 25 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Runner, George W. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
died 18] May '63, at Brooke Station, Va., of ^wounds received 2 May '63, in
battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Runyan, Myron B. Age 18. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; discharged 26 June '65, for wounds received
19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonviUe, N. C. Veteran.
Russell, Edwin F. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
transferred to Co. A, 13th Vet. Res. Corps, n July '63.
Ruther, Eugene. Age 18. E. S. 22 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 21 Jan. '64, at Camp Dennison, O., for wounds received 2 May '63,
in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Ryan, John. Age 23. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged 22 Aug. '62, on surgeon's certificate
of disability, at Columbus, O.
Ryan, John. Age 37. E. S. 7 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis
charged 23 Dec. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Sablns, Wllliam. Age 33. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Saddoris, Elias. Age 37. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
drafted; died 28 Feb. '65, in hospital at Savannah, Ga.
Safford, George H. Age 37. E. S. as Lieutenant-Colonel 11 Sept. '61.
3 vears; resigned 4 Mar. '63.
Salne, Baker. Age 44. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 2 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Saladln, Paul. Age 18. E. S. 1 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 22 Nov. '64; M. O. 25 May '65, by order of War Department.
Saltman, John W. Age 21. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64;
to Sergeant 1 June '64; wounded 20 June '64, in action at CassviUe, Ga.; M. O.
6 June '65, for wounds. Veteran.
Sampson, George M. Age 19. E. S. 1 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Sanford, Rodney E. Age 22. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. Private Co. I; pro
moted to Sergeant 7 Dec. '61; died 14 June '62, at Petersburg, W. Va.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 34S
Saul, John. Age 31. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; died
36 July '62, in hospital at Baltimore, Md.
Saunders, Stephen L. Age 29. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; promoted Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; reduced to ranks  ; wounded
9^Aug. '62 in battle of Cedar Mountain, Va.; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expira
tion of term of service.
Sauter, Franklin J. Age 24. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. B 10 Oct. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 16 July '62; to
Captain 4 April '63; kiUed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Schiffler, Michael. Age 20. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Schnorr, Leonard. Age 22. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Schouten, Andrew B. Age 39. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. B; drafted; died 21 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Schupp, John G. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 24 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Schuster, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
promoted to Corporal  ; wounded 2 May '63 in battle of ChanceUorsviUe,
Va., and 25 Nov. '63 in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn.; M. O. 30 Sept. '64,
at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Scott, Robert R. Age 18. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; discharged 27 June '65
for wounds received in action 3 Aug. '64 Veteran.
Scott, Samuel. Age 33. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 11 July '65.
Seaman, Charles S. Age 18. E. S. 12 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; wounded 2 July '63, at Gettysburg, Pa.; M. 0. 11 Nov. '64, at Atlanta,
Ga., on expiration'of term of service.
Seaman, William B. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted Corporal 8 Nov. '64; kiUed 19 Mar. '65, in battle of of BentonviUe,
N. C. Veteran.
Seawalt, John. Age 18. E. S. 22 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H;
killed 27 Aug. '64, at Turner's Ferry, Ga.
Seeley, James L. Age 20. E. S. 26 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
died 8 Sept. '64, at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received in action Aug. '64.
Seewald, Philip. Age 19. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Settes, Valentine. Age 24. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal 1 July '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Sexton, Dempsey. Age 24. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. t year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Shamp, Jonathan L. Age 20. E. S. 16 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. I; promoted to Corporal 1 Nov. '64; captured 5 Mar. '65, near Wades-

346 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
borough, N. C; M. O. 16 June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War
Department. Veteran.
Shaner, Adam J. Age 25. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co F;
promoted to Sergeant 8 Oct. '61; to ist Sergeant 1 Mar. '64; kiUed 15 May '64,
in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Shaner, John S. Age 24. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. F;
reduced to ranks  ; discharged 2 Aug. '62, at Baltimore, Md., on surgeon's
certificate of disabiUty.
Shannon, Andrew J. Age 22. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F; wounded 16 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; discharged 29 Oct. '64,
at Camp Dennison, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Shapher, James H. Age 20. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
died Apr. — '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Sharp, Edward. Age 33. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 1 June '64; captured 28 Oct. '64, in action near Atlanta,
Ga.; perished by [explosion of steamer "Sultana" onj Mississippi River near
Memphis, Tenn., 27 Apr. '65. Veteran.
Shaull, George W. Age 29. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; died 6 June '65, at New Berne, N. C.
Shayes, Edward E. Age 20. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Corporal  ; wounded 30 Aug. '62, at Bull Run, Va.; discharged
24 Nov. '64, at Washington, D. O, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Shea, John. Age 33. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; cap
tured near Atlanta, Ga., 29 Aug. '64; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Sheets, John. Age 35. E. S. 20 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F; sub
stitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at McDougaU Hospital, N. Y., by order of War De
partment. Sheffield, Albert J. Age 19. E. S. 12 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Sheffield, William. E. Age 21. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; discharged Dec. '62, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull
Run, Va.
Shell, Jonathan. Age 19. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 15 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; M. O. 11 Aug. '65,
by order of War Department. Veteran.
Sheller, Henry A. Age 32. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 5 Dec. '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Sheller, Solomon. Age 18. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; reduced to ranks 21 June '65; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Shelt, Samuel. Age 37. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. B;
discharged 12 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 347
Shemnour, Henry. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. Private Co. C; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Shepard, John. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Sherart, William E. Age 21. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Sherman, Gabriel. Age 44. E. S. 1 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 30 May '65, at McDougaU Hospital, N. Y., by order of War
Department. Sherman, Samuel. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Sherman, Eldredge. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; discharged 22 Jan. '64, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.
Sherwood, William D. Age 39. E. S. 14 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. B 11 Oct. '61; resigned 21 Mar. '62.
Shesley, David. Age 19. E. S. 11 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va.
Shetterly, Charles W. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant 15 May '64; to ist Ser
geant 27 Mar. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Shetterly, James K. Age 18. E. S. 6 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washing
ton, D. C, by order of War Department.
Shindorff, Joseph. Age 25. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; discharged 29 June '65,
at David's Island, N.|Y. Harbor. Veteran.
Shinnen, Lewis. Age 38. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. t year; Private Co. B;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Shlpman, Anthony. Age 39. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 21 Aug. '62, at FortjMcHenry, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Shlpman, Horatio N. Age 32. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. C 16 Oct. '61; resigned 10 Mar. '63.
Shoe, Joseph W. Age 44. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 23 Oct. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Shuler, Jacob. Age 44. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
transferred to Co. I 12th Vet. Res. Corps, 20 May '64.
Shults, Conrad. Age 35. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Shumaker, Jonas. Age 23. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Sibbrell, John M. Age 26. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 20 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, for wounds received 30 Aug. '62,
in battle of Bull Run, Va.

348 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Sibold, Adolph. Age 25. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
kiUed 8 May '64, in battle of Buzzard Roost, Ga. Veteran.
Sickinger, Rlnehart. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; transferred to 93d Co. 2d Battalion Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Simmons, Anthony A. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Sinclair, Sidney F. Age 28. E. S. 14 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged 22 July '62, at Columbus, O., on
surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Slpher, Frederick. Age 24. E. S. 18 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
substitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Sisty, James H. Age 43. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Depart
ment. Sisty, William L. Age 27. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
drafted; died 28 May '65, at New York, of wounds received 19 Mar. '65, in
battle of BentonviUe, N. C
Sites, Corwin K. Age 18. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Skates, William. Age 18. E. S. 10 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
no further record found.
Slattery, Fred. J. Age 24. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 5 Nov. '62, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Sllnker, James. Age 21. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Sloan, Rush R. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
died 8 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Slocum, Henry E. Age 27. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 20 Nov. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Smeltz, Conrad Age 26. E. S. 28 Oct. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
drafted; M. O. 11 July '65.
Smith, Alanson. Age 29. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 8 June '65, at N. Y. City, by order of War Department.
Smith, Alfonso. Age 18. E. S. 25 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. I;
M. O. n July '65.
Smith, Ambrose D. Age 18. E. S. 15 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 12 July '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Smith, Asahel P. Age 31. E. S. 8 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
promoted to Hospital Steward 1 May '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Smith, Charles H. Age 28. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Smith, Charles M. Age 24. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Sergeant Co. A 30 Sept. '61 (Color Sergeant); promoted to 2d Lieu-

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 349
tenant Co. A 7 Aug. '62; to ist Lieutenant 16 Mar. '63; to Captain Co. I
9 May '64; wounded 15 May '64, at Resaca, Ga.; commanded detachment of
55th Ohio Volunteer Infantry at capture of Atlanta, Ga; M. O. 11 July '65.
Smith, Chauncey P. Age 19. E. S. 8 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
discharged 4 Feb. '65, at Columbus, O., for wounds received 19 Aug. '64, in
battle of Atlanta, Ga.
Smith, David. Age 21. E. S. 23 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. 20 July '65, at Cleveland, O., by order of War Department.
Smith, Elias. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M O. n July '65. Veteran.
Smith, George W. Age 18. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Smith. Glles F. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '61 3 years; Private Co. G
kiUed 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.
Smith, Horace. Age 19. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co E
died 26 Feb. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Smith, Jacob. Age 40. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
transferred to Co. F, 6th Vet. Res. Corps, 30 Oct. '63.
Smith, Jedediah D. Age 20. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E
promoted to Sergeant — — ; wounded 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
discharged 11 July '65, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Veteran. Smith, Jefferson. Age 26. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 28 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Smith, Jeremiah. Age 40. E. S. 12 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
discharged 28 Jan. '63, at PhUadelphia, Pa., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Smith, John A. Age 33. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Smith, Jonathan. Age 22. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsvUle, Va.; transferred to 125th Co.
2d BattaUon Vet. Res. Corps, 18 Dec. '63.
Smith, Lemuel A. Age 41 E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
transferred to Co. G; died 7 Feb. '63, at'^Clarksfield, O.
Smith, Lloyd S. Age 20. E. S. 4 'Oct. '61. 3'years; Musician; M. O.
19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Smith, Martin O. Age 28. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; captured 30 Aug. '62, in second battle of
BuU Run, Va.; paroled  ; no further record.
Smith, Moses H. Age 23. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. n July '65.
Smith, Robert. Age 43. E. S. 11 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 19 Mar. '63, at Providence, R. I., on surgeon's certificate of dis
ability.

350 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Smith, Samuel. Age 24. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 16 Apr. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Smith, William. Age 21. E. S. 18 Dec. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. D; no further record found.
Smith, William F. Age 21. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; reduced to ranks  ; wounded 20 July '64,
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Smith, William H. Age 20. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 30 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Sneath, Jesse. Age 24. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 23 May '62, at FrankUn, W. Va.
Snook, Levi. Age 25. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; no
further record found.
Snyder, Abram. Age 44. E. S. 21 Dec. '63. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 26 July '64, at Nashville, Tenn.
Snyder, Christian. Age 41. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. at Tripler U. S. Hospital, Columbus, O., 7 July '65, by order
of War Department.
Snyder, Morgan. Age 23. E. S. 2 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted Corporal 15 Nov. '64; M. O. 19 June '65, at Washington, D. C,
by order of War Department.
Sohn, Calvin S. Age 26. E. S. 16 Feb. '64 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. n July '65.
Sohn, James A. Age 20. E. S. 3 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. n July '65.
Sohn, Jerome V. Age 24. E. S. 4 Feb. '65. 1 year; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Sohn, John. Age 31. E. S. 1 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K; killed
30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va.
Soncrant, Joseph. Age 38. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 31 May, '65, at David's Island, New York Harbor, by order
of War Department.
Sowards, James. Age 18. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 7 July '64, of wounds received 14 June '64, at battle of Kenesaw Moun
tain, Ga. Veteran.
Sowards, William. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 11 July '61. Veteran.
Sowers, John E. Age 18. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Sowers, Uriah. Age 18. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
borne also on muster roll as Uriah Sour; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 351
Spafford, Thomas T. Age iS. E. S. 12 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. H; died 3 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
Sparks, Frank W. Age 20. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
appointed Corporal; wounded 25 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn.;
reduced to ranks  ; M. O. 19 Oct. '64, at Atlanta, Ga., on expiration of
term of service.
Spoon, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Spoon, Solomon. Age 29. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Spooner, Henry K. Age 24. E. S. 3 Oct. '61. 3 years; Asst. Surgeon
promoted to Surgeon 61st Ohio Volunteer Infantry 20 Nov. '63.
Spooner, Jesse M. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Sprotbury, John. Age 20. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
discharged 14 Sept. '63, at Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability
Sprout, Jacob. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
discharged 16 Sept. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Sprout, Michael. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
died 24 May '63, at Brooke Station, Va., of wounds received in action.
Spurlock, Thomas. Age 21. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. G
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Spurrier, Dennis. Age 25. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
promoted to Corporal 25 May '62; wounded 3 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run
Va., and 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg; promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64
wounded 17 Aug. '64, near Atlanta, Ga. ; died 3 Sept. '64, at Chattanooga
Tenn. Veteran.
Squire, Justus. Age 43. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Wagoner Co. C
reduced to ranks  ; discharged 4 Oct. '62, at Centerville, Va.
Stacey, Charles. Age 19. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa. (received medal of honor
from War Department for meritorious service there); M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
Stackhouse, David. Age 33. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B
M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Stage, Daniel D. Age 22. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
died 20 Oct. '62, at Parkersburg, W. Va.
Stage, James H. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
wounded 18 June '64, in battle of Marietta, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran
Stanley, William B. Age 18. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Stark, Oren J. Age 35. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged 7 July '62, at Columbus, O., on
surgeon's certificate of disability.

352 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Starkey, William. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
killed 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
Starks, Horace R. Age 22. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
promoted to Corporal 9 June '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Starks, Orim. Age 37. E. S. 10 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 11 July '65.
Starks, Reed A. Age 18. E. S. 22 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. H
wounded 12 July '64, in action at Chattahoochee River, Ga.; M. 0. 11 July '65
Starr, William K. Age 36. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
wounded 2 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; promoted to Corporal
1 July '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Stearns, Orrln. Age 20. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
promoted to Corporal 1 June '64; to ist Sergeant 8 July '65; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Stegman, William. Age 19. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed ist Sergeant Co. A 17 Dec. '64; M. O. 26 May '65, by order of War
Department, at New York City. Veteran.
Steiger, Christian. Age 26. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Stelnley, Anthony. Age 24. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; promoted
to Corporal 1 Jan. '64; to Sergeant n Apr. '65; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Sterling, Samuel. Age 33. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. n July '65.
Sterner, Henry M. Age 26. E. S. 4 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G
discharged 17 Apr. '63, at Cumberland, Md.
Stevens, Elias. Age 27. E. S. 26 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
discharged 23 Mar. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty, at Alexandria, Va.
Stevens, James M. Age 44. E. S. 16 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. H 16 Oct. '61; promoted to Major 4 Mar. '63; to Lieutenant-
Colonel 8 May '63; wounded, 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.;
arm amputated; resigned 25 May '64.
Stevens, John. Age 32. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged — July '62 on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Stevens, Reuben. Age 33. E. S. 10 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 28 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Steward, George W. Age 18. E. S. 13 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. H; died 14 July '63, of wounds received 4 July '63, in battle of Gettys
burg, Pa.
Stewart, Alexander D. Age 22. E. S. 13 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; discharged 7 Jan. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's cer
tificate of disabiUty.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 353
Stewart, Nathan S. Age 18. E. S. 7 Oct. '64. t year; Private Co. I;
substitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Stille, Ernest. Age 28. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; killed 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C.
Stillman, Charles. Age 25. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; ist Sergeant
Co. D; promoted to 2d Lieutenant 2 Oct. '62; transferred to Co. F 1 June '63;
resigned 10 Mar. '64.
Stllson, George H. Age 18. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
appointed Corporal 30 Sept. '61; discharged 7 Aug. '62, on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Stlnchcomb, John W. Age 18. E. S. 21 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. G; M. O. 11 July '65.
Stock, Christian. Age 25. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 18 July '63, at Philadelphia, Pa., of wounds received 2 May '63, in battle
of Chancellorsville, Va.
Stom, Samuel. Age 24. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Stone, Charles M. Age 24. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
2d Lieutenant Co. G, 14 Dec. '61; promoted to ist Lieutenant 4 Mar. '63; to
Captain 2 Apr. '64; kiUed 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C.
Stone, Elon A. Age 36. E. S- 7 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D
M. O. 17 May '65, at NashviUe, Tenn., by order of War Department.
Stone, John L. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F
transferred to 2d BattaUon Vet. Res. Corps.
Stone, William M. Age 23. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician
M. O. 19 Aug. '62 by order of War Department.
Stoner, Jacob. Age 44. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Wagoner Co. G
discharged 13 Oct. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Stotler, William. Age 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. 0. 19'May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Stoutenour, John. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Stover, Charles ]A. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate
of disabiUty. Streeter, Charles B. Age 18. E. S. 5 Jan. '63. 3 years; Private
Co. D; M. O. 11 July '65.
Strodecamp, Benedict. Age 35. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. I; drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War
Department. Strong, John F. M. Age 26. E. S. 12 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 8 June '65, near Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.

354 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Strong, William L. Age 35. E. S. 12 July '62. 3 years; Private Co. A
died 25 Mar. '65, at Green Springs, O.
Stuart, Robert M. Age 23. E. S. 23 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G
promoted to Corporal  ; M. O. 24 Jan. '65, on expiration of term of service
Stuckey, John. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '64; 1 year; Private Co. I
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department
Stull, George W. Age 23. E. S. 23 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
transferred to Co. H 7th Vet. Res. Corps 12 Jan. '64.
Stump, James J. Age 32. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B
drafted; wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O.
19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Stuver, Alfred. Age 18. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co B;
transferred to Co. F 17th Vet. Res. Corps, 31 Oct. '63.
Sulliger, Theodore W. Age 25. E. S. 27 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. F; wounded 10 Aug. '64, in action near Atlanta, Ga.; discharged 27 June '65,
on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Sulliger, William R. H. Age 19. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. F; discharged 10 Feb. '65, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Sutton, John. Age 19. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; died
17 July '62, at Baltimore, Md.
Sutton, Reuben. Age 25. E. S. 17 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I
M. O. 6 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Swander, Dewalt J. Age 21. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Swander, James W. Age. 19. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A
appointed Corporal  ; promoted to Sergeant  ; M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
Swaney, John F. Age 18. E. S. 11 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps 21 Nov. '64; M. O. 30 Aug. '65, at Hartford,
Conn., by order of War Department. Veteran.
Swaney, William. Age 18. E. S. 25 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Sweeny, James W. Age 18. E. S. 13 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 30 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Sweetland, Andrew. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.
I; wounded 3 July '63, at Gettysburg, Pa.; transferred 12 Jan. '64 to Co. H
7th Vet. Res. Corps
Sweetland, Daniel. Age 40. E. S. 10 Nov. '61. Private Co. I; promoted
to Corporal 7 Dec. '61; to Sergeant 10 May '63; transferred to Co. D 14th Vet.
Res. Corps — July '63.
Swlft, Dean. Age 42. E. S. 24 Sept. '62. 3 years; Private Co. E; died
29 Nov. '63, in hospital at Murfreesborough, Tenn.
\) Swisher, Thomas F. Age 45. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 355
discharged 19 Feb. '63, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Switzer, James H. Age 19. E. S. 30 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Sykes, Andrew J. Age 22. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
promoted to Sergeant 1 July '62; to First Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; killed 15 May '64,
in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Tabler, William C. Age 22. E. S. 9 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
died 25 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court House, Va.
Taber, Benjamin C. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; to Regimental Quartermaster
17 July '62; M. O. 1 Jan. '65, expiration of term of service.
Tallman, Edward. Age 42. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal Co. H;
discharged 29 Aug. '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disa
bility. Tallman, William H. Age 19. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; kiUed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Tanner, Benjamin. Age 28. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; wounded 18 June '64, in battle of Marietta, Ga.; discharged 6 July '65,
at LouisviUe, Ky., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty. Veteran.
Taylor, John. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Taylor, Thomas C. Age 18. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Teel, William A. Age 25. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. 0. 11 Nov. '64, at Columbus, O., on expiration of term of service.
Terry, Ira C. Age 22. E. S. 16 Sept '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; pro
moted to Captain 7 Dec. '61; resigned 6 Nov. '62; Major 5th U. S. Colored
Troops Aug. '63; Lieutenant-Colonel 22d U. S. Colored Troops 25 Oct. '64;
Brevet Colonel 13 Mar. '65.
Terwilliger, Amos. Age 20. E. S. 1 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; dis
charged 16 Apr. '63, at Stafford Court House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Terwilliger, Manson. Age 17. E. S. 1 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 16 Feb. '62, at New Creek, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Thacker, Thomas. Age 20. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
died 20 Nov. '62, at Fairfax, Va.
Thomas, Jacob. Age 44. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed First
Lieutenant Co. F 16 Oct. '61; resigned 17 July '62.
Thomas Martin. Age 25. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
promoted to Corporal 16 Oct. '61; discharged 25 Aug. '62, at Columbus, O.,
on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Thomas, Walter W. Age 23. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed

35° TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
First Sergeant Co. C 16 Oct. '61; promoted to Second Lieutenant 15 Mar. '62,
but not mustered; died 2 April, '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Thomas, William C. Age 18. E. S. 9 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; discharged 27 June, '64,
at Cleveland, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Thompson, William H. Age 18. E. S. 1 Feb. '64; 3 years; Private
Co. G; kiUed 16 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga.
Thorley, John W. Age 18. E. S. 1 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
transferred to 59th Co. 2d BattaUon Vet. Res. Corps 12 Sept. '63; trans
ferred from Vet. Res. Corps 18 Nov. '64; M. O. 30 Nov. '64, at Columbus, O.,
on expiration of term of service.
Thorp, Amaziah. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Thorp, William. E. S. 4 Oct. '64. 3 years; Musician; M. O. 19 Aug. '62,
by order of War Department.
Thralkill, Daniel. Age 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; died 31 Jan. '65, in hospital at Savannah, Ga.
Timbers, William E. Age 19. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Tittle, William R. Age 25. E. S. 30 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; to Sergeant 1 Aug. '63; M. O. 29 Dec. '64, on
expiration of term of service.
Todd, George W. Age 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
discharged 22 Dec. '62, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate of disa
biUty. Treadwell, John M. Age [22. E. S. 15 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; wounded 30 Aug. '62, at Bull Run, Va.; promoted to Corporal 1 Jan. '63;
captured 2 July '63, at battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; M. O. 19 Oct. 64, on expira
tion of term of service.
Tremain, Ross C. Age 20. E. S. 21 Sept. '61; 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Treuchell, Frederick M. Age 26. E. S. 14 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; discharged 4 Feb. '63, at IndianapoUs, Ind., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Trevor, Baxter. Age 18. E. S. 7 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D; substi
tute; wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonviUe, N. C; arm amputated;
discharged 14 June '65, at David's Island, N. Y. Harbor, on] surgeon's certifi
cate of disabiUty.
Trotter,' Minor K. Age 39. E. S. 14 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. G;
substitute; M. O. 6 July '65, at Tripler U.S. Hospital, Columbus, O., by order
of War Department.
Trowbridge, Henry H. Age 18. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; died 30 July '62, at Baltimore, Md.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 357
Troxel, Henry. Age 19. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G;
killed 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.
Trubey, Daniel. Age 40. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Trulll, Isaac. Age — . E. S.  . Reported to Co. B from con
valescent camp, Alexandria, Va.; M. O. 11 July '65, by order of War Depart
ment. Tucker, Charles. Age 18. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 9 June
'65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department. Veteran.
Twaddle, Abner D. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; kiUed 15 May '64, in battle of Resaca, Ga. Veteran.
Tyler, Providence. Age 23. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. B;
died 6 July '65, at LouisviUe, Ky., of wounds accidentally received 4 July '65.
Tyndall, Elijah. Age 37. E. S. 20 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Upton, William. Age 36. E. S. 8 Nov. '62. 3 years; Private Co. D;
transferred to Co. B ist Vet. Res. Corps 15 Aug. '63.
Utz, Jacob. Age 22. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D; dis
charged 7 Jan. '63, at Columbus, O., for wounds received in action.
Vale, James H. Age 18. E. S. 1 Oct '61. 3 years; Private Co. F; died
26 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Valentine, Rolla A. Age 18. E. S. 1 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. G;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Valentine, Thomas G. Age 36. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. B; reduced to ranks  ; M. O. 16 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of
service. Vandoren, Edwin. Age 35. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Vangorder, Francis. Age 25. E. S. 6 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal  ; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa.;
M. O. 17 Jan. '65, at Baltimore, Md., on expiration of term of service. .
Vangorder, Robert. Age 37. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; kiUed 21 June '64, in battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.
Van Sickle, Martin. Age 19. E. S. 18 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; M. O. 31 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Van Wagoner, Hugh M. Age 19. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. F;M. O. 11 July'65.
Vaughn, Henry. Age 30. E. S. 20 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal  ; discharged 12 Mar. '63, for wounds received
30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va-

358 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Veon, John F. Age 36. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. B; dis
charged 12 July '62, at Cumberland, Md., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Vogle, Anthony. Age 18. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K; M. O.
11 July '65. Veteran.
Volck, Edward. Age 25. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
died 25 Sept. '62, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received 30 August '62, in
battle of BuU Run, Va.
Vosburg, Harmon J. Age 32. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps at Cliffburn Barracks, D. C. — ¦ Dec. '63.
Wade, Ogeda. Age 18. E. S. 15 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D; sub
stitute; M. O. 11 July '65.
Wagar, George M. Age 26. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. H; transferred to 16th Co. 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, 5 Aug. '63.
Waggoner, Moses. Age 30. E. S. 13 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. 11 May '65, at Richmond, Va., by order War Department.
Wagner, Benjamin. Age 43. E. S. 3 Oct. '64. t year; Private Co. H;
drafted; M. O. 11 July '65.
Waldron, William. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician
Co. D; died 31 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Wales, Jacob B. Age 22. E. S. 10 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co A;
M. O. 11 July '65.
Walker, Albert. Age 34. E. S. 1 Mar. '62. 3 years; Private Co. F;
M. O. 15 Mar. '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Walker, Frederick G. A. Age 26. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private
Co. B; drafted; M. O. 19 May '65, at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War
Department. Walker. James D. Age 22. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal,  ; discharged 29 Oct. '62, at Fairfax, Va., on sur
geon's certificate of disability.
Walker, Perry. Age 23. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
wounded 2 May '63, at Chancellorsville, Va.; transferred to 126th Co. 2d
BattaUon Vet. Res. Corps 28 Dec. '63.
Walsworth, George. Age 18. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. D; died 10 July '62, at Winchester, Va.
Walsworth, Loring. Age 21. E. S. 24 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
died of typhoid fever 20 July '62, in Huron Co., O.
Walter, Joseph. Age 30. E. S. 4 Oct. '64. 1 year. Private Co. B
M. O. 11 July '65.
Warner, David. A Age 25. E. S. 28 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Warren, David A. Age 25. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C
promoted to Corporal 10 Apr. '62; to Sergeant 27 Oct. '62; to ist Sergeant
28 Oct. '64; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa., and 19 Mar. '65,

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 359
in battle of BentonviUe, N. C; wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree
Creek, Ga.; discharged 3 July '65, [at DeCamp Hospital, N. Y.; commis
sioned 2d Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered. Veteran.
Warren, Frederick. Age 18. E. S. 2 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
wounded 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; transferred to 120th Co.
2d BattaUon Vet. Res. Corps 15 Dec. '63.
Warren, Henry B. Age 20. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
promoted to Corporal; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettysburg, Pa ; pro
moted to ist Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; to Quartermaster Sergeant 28 Oct. '64; to
ist Lieutenant Co. D 20 April '65; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Waters, William H. Age 27. E. S. 15 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. F;
transferred to Co. A 14th Vet. Res. Corps 9 June '63.
Watklns, Elijah. Age 37. E. S. 23 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at McDougaU General Hospital, N. Y. Harbor, by
order of War Department.
Watson, Enoch B. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va., and 15 May '64, in battle of
Resaca, Ga.; transferred to Co. I 17th Vet. Res. Corps, 3 Aug. '64. Veteran.
Watson, Pliny E. Age 19. E. S. 5 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. G;
promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant 14 Sept. '63; to ist Lieutenant Co. K
27 June '64; honorable discharge 8 June '65.
Watts, John W. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. G
M. O. 14 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Webb, John. Age 39. E. S. 26 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K
wounded and captured 2 May '63, in battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Weigel, Barney. Age 22. E. S. 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run, Va.; discharged 9 Jan. '63.
Weise, Christian. Age 21. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; to Sergeant 2 May '63; killed 2 May '63
in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Weisenberger, George W. Age 32. E. S. 29 Sept. '62. 3 years
Private Co. K; wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUors
viUe, Va.; exchanged; M. O. 2 June '65, at Madison, Ind., by order of War
Department. Welch, Charles' H. Age 22. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Welch, Jerome. Age 18. E. S. 18 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
died 10 July '64, at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received 21 June '64, in battle
of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.
Welch, Jonathan, Sr. Age. E. S. 7 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged  '62, at Norwalk, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis
ability. Welch, Jonathan, Jr. Age 33. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private

360 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Co. C; promoted Corporal 1 May '65; wounded 3 July '63, in battle of Gettys
burg, Pa.; 25 Nov. '63, in battle of Mission Ridge,' Tenn. ; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran. Welch, Luther A. Age 19. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 16 April '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Wells, Daniel. Age 27. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 3 Dec. '62, at New York City, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Welsh, Benjamin. Age 24. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to ist Sergeant 11 Nov. '61; kiUed 30 Aug. '62, in [battle of Bull
Run, Va.
Werner, William. Age 21. E. S. 12 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
M. O. n July, '65. Veteran.
Wert, George W. Age 18. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; M. O. 11 July, '65. Veteran.
West, Fernando. Age 18. E. S. 28 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 26 Dec. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
West, John. Age 38. E. S. 1 Oct '61. 3 years; Private Co. E; promoted
to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; discharged 23 July, '63, at Alexandria, Va., on sur
geon's certificate of disabiUty.
Westfall, Ellhu. Age 32. E. S. 7 Jan. '62. 3 years; Private Co. C;
discharged 16 Sept. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Westmtre, Henry. Age 36. E. S. 20 Sept. '64. t year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June, '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Weswassar, Adam. Age 31. E. S. 21 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of Chancellorsville, Va.; exchanged;
transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, — May '63; M/O. — Dec. '64, on expiration of
term of service.
Wheaton, John F. Age 20. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
promoted to Corporal 31 Dec. '61; discharged 22 Sept. '62, at Fort McHenry,
Md., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Wheeler, Alfred. Age 25. E. S. 15 Sept. '62. 3 years; Chaplain;
resigned 16 Aug. '63.
Wheeler, Charles. Age 36. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Whidden, James F. Age 18. E. S. 29 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
discharged 7 Feb. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Whisler, William. Age 19. E. S. 5 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
substitute; M. O. n July '65.
Whitcraft, John. Age 27. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
drafted; [M. O. 19 May '65; at Camp Dennison,[0., by order of War Depart
ment.

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 361
White, David R. Age 18. E. S. 20 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. B;
died 30 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
White, John. Age 31. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C; dis
charged 29 Jan. '63, at Washington, D. C, on surgeon's certificate pf disabiUty.
White, John. Age 25. E. S. 29 Dec. '63. 3 years; PrivateJunassigned;
transferred to Co. F 14th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
White, John. Age 18. E. S. 8 Nov. '61. 1 year; Private Co. I; dis
charged 20 May '62, at Franklin, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disability.
White, William B. Age 36. E. S. 24 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, by order of War Department.
Whittlesey, Charles B. Age 27. E. S. 27 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private
Co. I; died 21 Feb. '64, at NashviUe, Tenn.
Whyler, Sebastian E. Age 24. E. S. 23 Jan. '64. 3 years; Private
Co. D; captured 2 Oct. '64; M. O. 19 June '65, at Camp Chase, O.
Whyler, Sebastian E. Age 21. E. S. 4 Oct. '61. 3 years; Musician;
M. O. 19 Aug. '62, by order of War Department.
Wickham, Charles P. Age 25. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
ist Lieutenant Co. D 20 Oct. '61; promoted to Captain Co. I 2 Oct. '62; to
Major 27 June '64; to Lieutenant-Colonel 6 June '65; Brevet Lieutenant-
Colonel 13 Mch. '65, for gaUant and meritorious services; M. O. 11 July '65.
Wickham, William S. Age 21. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant
Co. D; promoted to ist Sergeant 2 Oct. '62; to 2d Lieutenant iq Mar. '63;
transferred to Co. C 1 June '63; promoted to ist Lieutenant Co. I 19 Mar. '64;
to Captain Co. D 26 Sept. '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Widener, John C. Age 43. E. S. 26 Sept. '64. t year; Private Co. B;
drafted; died 28 Jan. '65, at Savannah, Ga.
Widmer, John. Age 22. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. C;
M. O. n July '65.
Wight, Gilbert W. Age 32. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.
G; discharged 1 Sept. '62, at Fort McHenry, Md., on surgeon's certificate of
disabiUty. Wilbur, Henry. Age 30. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. D;
drafted; M. O. 26 May, '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Depart
ment. Wilcox, Charlton. Age 18. E. S. 16 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
substitute; M. O. n July '65.
Wildman, Frederick A. Age 48. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; appointed
Captain Co. D 20 Oct. '61; resigned 12 Feb. '63.
Wilkinson, Elisha P. Age 35. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. G; promoted to Sergeant 14 Dec. '61; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Williams, David S. Age 24. E. S. 14 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
discharged 19 Mar. '63, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Williams, Edward. Age 29. E. S. 1 Jan. '64. 3 years; private Co. B;
M. O. 10 Aug. '65, at Columbus, O., by order of War Department.

362 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Williams, George S. Age 27. E. S. 24 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.; exchanged;
M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Williams, Francis A. Age 31. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. C; discharged 5 Oct. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of dis
abiUty. Williams, Joseph H. Age 32. E. S. 1 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 24 May '65, by order of War Department.
Williams, Russel S. Age 18. E. S. 27 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A.; appointed Corporal  ; killed 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Benton
viUe, N. C. Veteran.
Wilsey, George. Age 26. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
discharged 25 Sept. '62, at New York City, on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Wilson, Charles L. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
promoted to Corporal 3 Oct. '62; wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree
Creek, Ga.; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Wilson, Ezra J. Age 35. E. S. 17 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
promoted to Corporal 21 Nov. '61; discharged 23 Dec. '62, at Stafford Court
House, Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Wilson, John. Age 22. E. S. 22 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. G; sub
stitute; no further record found.
Wilson, John. Age 19. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. F; sub
stitute; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Wilson, John A. Age 25. E. S. 29 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H;
discharged 25 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va., on surgeon's certificate of
disability. Wilson, John L. Age 22. E. S. 29 Sept. '64. I year; Private Co. E;
drafted; M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Wilson, Thomas. Age 29. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
kiUed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
Wilson, William L. Age 18. E. S. 1 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 1 June '62, at FrankUn, W. Va., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Wilt, Moses W. Age 21. E. S. 2 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A; M.
O. n July '65. Veteran.
Winch, William. Age 20. E. S. 13 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Wing, Sumner A. Age 30. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. 0. 11 July, '65. Veteran.
Wlnklepleck, George. Age 24. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; discharged 16 Nov. '62, on surgeon's certificate of disability.
Wlnklepleck, John. Age 22. E. S. 18 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. E; M. O. 19' June '65, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department.
Veteran. Winters, Allen E. Age 18. E. S. 18 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;

ROSTER OF THE COMMAND 363
captured whUe foraging 5 Mar. '65; M. O. '21 June '65, at Camp Chase. O.,
by order of War Department. Veteran.
Winters, George O. Age 18. E. S. 30 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. n July '65. Veteran.
Wise, Jacob. Age 20. E. S. 21 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I; substi
tute; died 3 Mar. '65, in hospital near Chesterfield Court House, S. C.
Withers, Albert E. Age 20. E. S. 29 Oct. '62. 3 years; Private Co. E;
transferred to Co. F, 17th Vet. Res. Corps 31 Oct. '63.
Wolf, William. Age 37. E. S. 28 Sept. '64. 1 year; [Private Co. D;
M. O. 9 June '65, at Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Wolfret, Frederick. Age 20. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; transferred to 125th Co. 2d BattaUon, Vet. Res. Corps 18 Dec. '63.
Wolfret, John. Age 18. E. S. 5 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. B;
missing 30 Aug. '62, in battle of BuU Run.Va.; no further record found.
Wood, Guel M. Age 14. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Musician Co. D;
M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Wood, Theodore M. Age 23. E. S. 13 Sept. '61. 3 years; Corporal
Co. D; wounded and captured 2 May '63, at battle of ChanceUorsviUe, Va.,
promoted to Sergeant 1 Jan. '64; to ist Sergeant 1 Nov. '64; commissioned 2d
Lieutenant 10 July '65, not mustered; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Woodrich, Charles. Age 40. E. S. 27 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. I;
drafted; died 18 Apr. '65, in hospital at Raleigh, N. C.
Woodruff, Jesse. Age 18. E. S- 7 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I;
discharged 3 Dec. '62. at Fairfax Seminary, Va., for wounds received
30 Aug. '62, at Bull Run, Va., in action.
Worman, Celius W. Age 18. E. S. 21 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. B; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Wormley, Augustus S. Age 33. E. S. 11 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. K; promoted to Sergeant 21 Nov. '61; to 2d Lieutenant, 19 Aug. '62; to
ist Lieutenant 8 May '63; to, Captain 9 May '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Wright, Eli C. Age 18. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
died 2 Mar. '62, at Grafton, W. Va.
Wright, George W. Age 40. E. S- 1 Jan. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
drafted; died 9 Feb. '65, near Black viUe, S. C.
Wright, George W. Age 18. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.
C; discharged 9 Sept. '62, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty.
Wright, Jefferson. Age 23. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. A;
M. O. 29 Sept. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Wyant, Alonzo P. Age 18. E. S. 24 Feb. '64. 3 years; Private Co. F;
discharged 15 May '65, at LouisviUe, Ky., on surgeon's certificate . of disa
bility. Wyatt, Frank. Age 18. E. S. 15 Dec. '61. 3 years; Private Co. E;
wounded 16 Mar. '65, in battle of Averasborough, N. C; M. O. 26 June '65,
at Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department. Veteran.

3°4 TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS
Yager, Henry. Age 22. E. S. 7 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; M. O. 20 Dec. '64, on expi
ration of term of service.
Yager, Jacob. Age 21. E. S. 18 Aug. '62. 3 years; Private Co. K;
wounded 20 July '64, in battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; M. O. 17 July 6S> at
Camp Dennison, O., by order of War Department.
Young James. Age 37. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Sergeant Co. C;
discharged 1 Apr. '63, at Columbus, O., on surgeon's certificate of disabiUty
Young, John. Age 35. E. S. 25 Jan. '64. 3 years ^Private Co. K; M. O.
11 July '65.
Young, John M. Age 19. E. S. 19 Oct. '64. 1 year; Private Co. C;
substitute; died 16 Apr. '65, at New Berne, N. C, of wounds received 19 Mar.
'65, in battle of BentonviUe, N. C.
York, John B. Age 20. E. S. 6 Nov. '61. 3 years; Private Co. H; cap
tured 9 May '62, near Franklin, W. Va.; killed 2 May '63, in battle of Chancel-
lorsviUe, Va.
Young, Robert. Age 44. E. S. 17 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. C;
appointed Sergeant 16 Oct. '61; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Zarr, William. Age 34. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
M. O. 19 Oct. '64, on expiration of term of service.
Zeigler, James. Age 23. E. S. 30 Sept. '64. 1 year; Private Co. B;
wounded 19 Mar. '65, in battle of BentonviUe, N. C; M. O. 9 June '65, at
Washington, D. C, by order of War Department.
Zenders, Carl. Age 51. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 30 Aug. '62, in battle of Bull Run, Va.; absent since at Cleveland,
O.; no further record found.
Zimmerman, Benjamin. Age 31. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private
Co. A; M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Zimmerman, John Z. Age 21. E. S. 25 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co.
G; died 21 Mar. '63, at Brooke Station, Va.
ZiMMERMAN, Joseph. Age 19. E. S. 20 Oct. '61. 3 years; Private Co. D;
wounded 22 June '64, near Marietta, Ga.; promoted to Corporal 1 July '65;
M. O. 11 July '65. Veteran.
Zuber, Joseph. Age 28. E. S. 28 Sept. '61. 3 years; Private Co. I; pro
moted to Corporal 24 Feb. '64; to Sergeant 1 June '64; M. O. 11 July '65.
Veteran.