YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 06422 8522 © H:iSToir"y OF THE SECOND CONNECTICUT bohtntecr l|eat)p ^rtUleru. ORIGINALLY THE NINETEENTH CONNECTICUT TOLS. BY THEODORE F. VAILL. FHrst Lieutenant tmd Adjutant. Anna virosque cano. WIN8TED, CONN. WIN8TED PRINTING COMPANY, 1868. ERRATUM, Page 3.58. In the list of Quartermaster Sergeants, instead of " George W. Kingsley," read Robert Erwin, George W, Kingsley should have been entered in thc list of Commissary Sergeants. TO THE MEN WHOSE ACHIEVEMENTS IT RECORDS, THIS VOLUME IS INSCEIBED. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I, Organization, Rendezvous, and Departure from Connecticut, 9 CHAPTER II. Under Slough's Command, 17 CHAPTER III, In the Forts, ... - - - - 2« CHAPTER IV, The Change from Infantry to Artillery, - - - 13 CHAPTER V. To the Front, - - ... ^ . . 47 CHAPTER VI. Cold Harbor, - 57 CHAPTER vn. Petersburg, -- -----69 CHAPTER VIII. Washington, Snicker's Gap, and Washington Again, - - 80 CHAPTER IX, Marching and Countermarching, ....-- 88 CHAPTER X, Winchester, -- - 93 CHAPTER XL Fisher's Hill, • - 103 Ill 132 CHAPTER Xn. Cedar Creek, - - - . - - CHAPTER XIII. Pctersbnrg Agam, - - . - - CHAPTER XIV. Fort Fisher, Capture of Petersburg, and SaUor's Creek, - 148 CHAPTER XV. The Dead of the Regiment, 169 CHAPTER XVI. The SorvJTlBg Wounded, - - 309 CHAPTER XVII. Official Beport fl^om March 1, 1864, to March 1, 1865, - 834 CHAPTER XVIII. Catalogue of the Regiment, - 253 CHAPTER XIX. Battle Recollections and Personal Sketches, ... 319 CHAPTER XX. Statistics, Memoranda, Incidents, Anecdotes, Observations, iScc, 337 CHAPTER XXI. Lee's Surrender, aud Exeunt Omnes. ..... 353 PREFACE, On the walls of many a parlor throughout the country hangs a picture which represents the General Marion ol 1776 iu his forest encampment, in thc act of inviting a British ofScer to dine with him ; — thc point of thc picture consisting in the fact that the General has nothing but roasted potatoes to set before his g'uest, whose astonishment thereat seems to be extreme. The sufferings of our Revolutionary sires whose bare feet left bloody tracks In the snow at Valley Forge, haire also been the unfailing theme of Paiiaiters, Poets, Historians and Orators. If those be good precedents, (and they surely are,) tbey Justify the following attempt to set forth, imder the name of "History," the services of a regiment wiose career was so crowded with greater deeds and experiences that no .room has been found in this volume to tell of its bloody tracks, although the line of march from Hatcher's Run to Warren's Station was more than once marked with them ; — nor of pinching want, although many a day was passed with far poorer fare than General Marion's. Although it is to be hoped that this work will be of interest to tha general public, at lea.9t to some extent, yet it has been prepared •specially for the surviving members of the regiment and the imme- diate friends ol those who fell. If it shall prove acceptable to them, the object of its pubhcation will be abundantly accomplished. An effort has been made to procure the portraits of all the deceased officers of the regiment, (fourteen in number) for insertion; but without success. The four contained in the book are considered vcry correct likenesses,— especially those ol Hosford, Berry and Knight. To mention the names of all to whom the author is indebted for assistance in the collection of materials for this work would swell it beyond ita prescribed limits. He can only spare a line to thank them for favors which merit a thousand. He desires, however, ta express his great obligations to General C. M. IngersoU, Adjutant General of Connecticut, and Captain James B, Coit, A. A, G,, for various courtesies ; and to Chaplain Winthrop H. Phelps, Assistant Surgeon Judson B, Andrews, Lieutenant Homer S, Curtis, Lieu tenant Salmon A, Granger, and Quartermaster Sergeant Henry P. Milford for special acts of kindness appertaining to the work. West Winsted, Conn., September, 1868. NINETEENTH CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. CHAPTER I. OKGAXIZATION, llESDEZVOUS, AKD DEPARTURE FROM COSSECTICCT. SoiiiM all thc lofty initrumentfi of war, Anil by tliat niusic let us all enihrace ; lor, hcjtvoD to eaitti. sontu of tia ii(jvt;r shall A sfcconil time do such ii couite.'tv. Ki.\o Hkxrv IV. l'.iiiT First. luimcdiatfjy after the disastrous close of SIcCk'llan's Penin sular Campaign in 1862, President Lincoln called tor tlirec hundred tliousand volimtoers. In pursuance of this caii. Governor Buckingham, on the 3d of ¦July, issued a proclama tion urging the people of Connecticut to raise, at once, six or seven new regiments ; and .shortly afterward, the Adjutant General of tlie State addressed a circular to tlic selectmen of towns, rcconimendiug tliat meetings bc held, and suitaljle persons selected for recruiting oiKccrs. Special town meetings were accordingly called ; and on the 22d of July tlic people of 'Mountain Coimty" gave authoritative expression of thtir spirit and purpose in a County Convention at Litchfield, at which resolutions ^^'cre unanimously passed declaring tliat an, erdire rcgimcid should be raised witliin the county, and urging thc several towns to offer a bounty of one lumdred dollars to each vohmtoer, Tlie Convention also unanimously recom- B 10 TIIE KINETEENTH mended Leverette W, Wessells for the Colonelcy, and requested the Governor to rendezvous tho ncw regiment at Litchfield. The project of r.iising the Nineteenth, thus fairly set on foot, was pushed forward with the utmost vigor. A bounty of one hundred dollars was offered by most, if not all, of thc towns, and recruiting officers designated, who forthwith opened offices, and canvassed mountain and vallej', field, factory, shojD, higli- way and hedge, for recruits. The offer of a commission to any one wlio should enlist forty men proved a great incentive to eft'ort, and every young man who contemplated enlisting was straiglitway beset with a persistent horde of rival drummers, — each armed with a persuasive tongue, and a marvelous list of inducements. Nine companies were soon filled to tlie maxi mum , and some of tlicm had several to spare. Colonel Wessells received his commission on the 3.5th of July, and on tlie IStli of August issued a Circular directing all officcrs recruitino- for tlic Nineteenth Connecticut Volunteers to bring their squads into camp at Litchfield on the 19th of August, or as soon thereafter as practicable. On thc appointed day thc Litchfield Comp.any assembled at thc Town Hill!. The gentlemen who composed it arranged themselves in two rows, each man standing so very erect that Ills spine described an inward curve, painful both to himself and the spectator ; and having by much tuition been enabled to master thc evolution known as "riglit face," the procession proudly moved, with Captain Bissell at its head, to Camp Dutton, on Chestnut Hill, a mile east ofthe village,— so named in honor of Lieutenant Hunry JI. Dutton, of the Fifth Con necticut ^'ohinteers, who had fallen at Cedar Mountain only ten days before. Upon arriving, they found a supply of Ijcll- shapcd tents awaiting them, which wcrc soou pitched in rolk 10, Barkliainsted.'), oth- fi- tciwns 7. NewHaktfordCo. F G E. W. Joiieri, James Doaue, Ncw Htirtf 'd 30, Cauaau 10, No. Canaan 19, Cole- brook 14, B'khanir.letl 9. CoiraWALL Co. LyiiiMU Tca'.or,' Gad N. Smith, bharun 41, Cornwall 34, other towns 15. New Milfobd Co. H Xi. S. WiUiams, Ncw Milford o7, Wasli- ingtoii21, Kuiit 21, War ren ,'>, otbcr towns 3. WOODBUUY Co. "l Ell Sxierry, Woodbury Ul, other towns 20. Company I arrived on the 24tli of August ; and a few days later thc commandants of the nine Companies were each required to furnish a c^uota for the formation of a tenth Com pany, (Iv.) whicli was thus made up of recruits from twenty- five different towns. * This table shows the strength of each company after its K quota had been tran.?ferred. CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS, 13 And sc the Nineteenth was encamped. In order to raise it, Litchfield County had given up the flower of hor youth, the pride and hope of hundreds of her fiimilies ; and they had by no means enlisted to figlit for a superior class of men- at homo. There was no superior class at home. In moral qualities, in social worth, in every civil relation, they were thc best that Connecticut had to give. Morc than fifty of the rank aud file of the regiment subsequently found theu- way to commissions, and at least a hundred more proved themselves not one whit less competent or worthy to wear sash and saber, if it had Iscen their fortune. It was the intelligent obedience, the soldierly bearing, the self respect, the faithfulness, the wounds and blood of the enlisted men of the Nineteenth Infantry, afterward the Second Ai-tillery, that averted defeat or secured victory for the cause of the Union upon more than one desperate field, and that purchased stars for more than one pair of shoulders. Camp Dutton was a beautiful spot, but no place for a regiment to learn its hard aud ugly trade. Fond mothers and aunts raked the position with a galling and incessant fire of doughnuts, apples, butter, pies, cheese, honey, and other dain ties not conducive to the suppression of the rebellion, and citizens thronged the streets and envu-ons of the camp from morning till night. Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg was impatient at this state of things, and well he might be. The actual command had devolved on him from the first, (Colonel Wessells being occupied with matters appertaining to the organization and outfit of the regiment,) and he feared lest he should be called into fight with the men all innocent and raw as they were, — for Lee was in Mainland, and the rumbling ofthe stomi that shortly aftei-ward burst at Antietam and Sharpsburg could plainly be heard. Colonel Kellogg, though equal to any 14 *aE iJiMEl'Ei3KtH emergency in the field, was not cruel enough to set brave and noble volunteers on a sharp-backed wooden horse, twenty hands high, in the presence of their sweethearts ; and even when he invited Briggs, of B company, to cany a rail for several hours, for some offence that seemed slight in civil eyes, the tender hearted maidens were distressed, and said it was " too bad." (Briggs survived it, however, and survived every fight of the regiment, showing himself alw.ays a good soldier, and .it length receiving promotion.) Indeed, no discipline was possible at Camp Dutton ; and preparations for departure Were made with all despatch. On the 9th of September every man was examined by the Surgeon to ascertain his physical qualifi cations for a soldier's life. Several were rejected, among whom was Albert A, Jones, of Company A, upon Whom Dr. Plumb found some insignificant breach, which was disallowed by the regulations. Jones was terribly disappointed, and so were his comrades. They presented his case to Colonel Wessells, who conferred wdth the Doctor,— and great was the rejoicing in Company A when it was found that Jones could go ; for he Was a general fiivorite. He went, and never gave out, on drill or march, until a bullet pierced his breast and laid him dead at Cold Harbor. There is a difference in men. The Nineteenth contained hundreds who, like Jones, would almost rather have died than stay at home ; While only a few days before, Litchfield had witnessed the irruption of a vast horde of heroes who would rather have died than go. Great, strapping men, who before the war had ahvays boasted of their bodily puissance, ami who were never suspected, before or since, of having any other disease than a rush of pusillanimity to the heart, came limpino- and hobbling into town, and with touching earnestness inquired COXSECTlCtJT VOLUKTEERS. 13 for the office of Dr. Beckwith, who was dealing out certificates of exettiption from military duty to the mob of cowards that day and night besieged his doors. On the 10th of September the regiment marched to the village to receive an elegant stand of colors from Mrs. William ' Ctirtis Noyes, and to listen to a presentation address by her husband, then in the zenith of his powcr and fame. On the llth, the regiment was mustered, by Lieutenant Watson Webb, into the service of the United States " for three years or cUirlng the War ;'' and on the 15th, having formed in line, and given three parting cheers for Camp Dutton, the long aud firmly treading battalion, consisting of eight liundred and eighty-ninc officers and men, moved to Litchfield Station, where a train of tWehty-three cars stood ready to take them to New York. The journey was a continuous ovation. The deep interest every where felt in the Mountain County Regiment was attested by crowds of people at the stations and all along the railway, and by white handkerchiefs and white hands that waved us a fare well and a blessing from window and verandah and hilltop. The good people of Bridgeport and Stamford entered every car without ceremony and fortified the soldiers with melons and cakes and sandwiches, and with the last cup of real, civil ized, cultivated, Connecticut coflfcc tliat they wxre to taste for months and years. Thc next day found us in Philadelphia, that noblest city of America, where We were treated like royal guests, as hundreds of other regiments had been, liy the bene ficence of her private citizens, At night we slept on the floor of the immense railway station at Baltimore, and the next night in the banacks at Wasliingtoii, Where the govcrhment insulted us with coffee that was viler than anything else in the world, except thc unwashed cups that held it. On the 18th 18 THE NINETEENTH we moved to Alexandria in transports, and bivouacked after dark just north of thc city. The line wheeled into " column Ijy coiiij)any,'' aud being informed that that would be their rest for the night, the tired men spread their blankets on the ground, and with their blue overco.ats for a covering, and their knapsacks for pillows, were soon deeply and earnestly sleeping their first sleep on thc " sacred soil," all unconscious of the rain that washed their upturned faces. CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 17 CHAPTER IL UNDER slough's C0J«M.\ND, tl. Bliiiilne^s to the Future! kindly given That each may fill the circle marked -ty Heaven. Pope, " What are they going to do with us ?" was the question in every man's mind the next morning, as soon as he was sufB- ciently a^ake to fake his reckoning. Would an hour later find us en route for Harper's Ferry, to join McClellan's army, and take the place of those who had fallen at Antietam only forty-eight hours - btHFore,—or on board a transport, bound for Charleston, or the Gtilf ?¦• Nobody knew. Out came pencils and rumpled paper from hundreds of knai^sacks, and behold, a bivouac of reporters, all briskly engaged in informing friend.=? at home that we had got so far, but there was no telling where we might be to-liiorrow. But the order which was to decide onr fortunes fiJr at least eighteen months had already been issued ; and before night the regiment moved to a pleasant slope about a mile west of Alexandiia, which had been selected for a permanent camp ; 'and it was announced that we were attached to the'cominaud«f General John P.-Slough,* Military Governor of Alexandria, and tliutour first actual military service was to consist in doing patrol and picket duty in that 'Pronounced like "plow," 18 THE NlSETEESfff city. On the following day we received our flrst hard bread, and our arms and A tents ;— and the Nineteenth Connecticut thenceforth had a local habitation, as Well as a name. Yes, a nams. Alexandria, under martial law ever since the breaking out of the war, had stlfiered unspeakable things from the troops on duty in her streeta, or qflartered ill he* environs, and the Alexandrians had come to reg.wd a soldier as a scoun drel, always and everywhere. But thc Nineteenth Connecticut had not been a week in Virginia betbre the self-respecting good behavior of its men became the general theme, a;nd the authorities were petitioned by the citizens — ^nearly all of whom were rebels — not to remove that regiment from Alexandria^ The arms were Enfield muskets. In process of time the men became acquainted with thc nomenclature and functions of every part of the weapon, trom bayonet to butt-plate, although at flrst it seemed wonderful how so awkward and inconvenient a tool could ever have been constructed. Emery paper and crocus cloth were soon brought to bear upon the bronzed barrete, and by thc middle of October there were a good many men — the foremost of whom was Pendleton, of Compjiny C, — who could use their "lockplate" or "upper band'' for a looking glass. The A tents were of linen, woven about as compactly as a sieve, and were intended for just five men, and no more ; and woe to the squad that contained a tat man, or one over six feet long — tor somebody, or at least some part of somebody, must sleep out of doors. " Spoon-fashion " was the only possible fiishion ; no man could raake a personal revolu tion on llis own axis without compelling a similar movement on the part of each of his tent-mates, and a world of complaint besides. Most of the days of that autumn were warm, and even hot ; but the chill of night would penetrate the bones ol COSHECTtcCt VOLtJNTEEllS. 19 the soldielg, aud cause them to turn ovcr and over from mid night until dawn, wheu each Company, Without Waiting lor Reveille, would rally in a huddle on the long sheet-iron cook stove at the foot of the street, aud endeavor to burn the pain out of their marrows, while toasting their bread. Ou the 22d of September a detail of five officers aucl seventy men relieved the patrol ol the Thirty-third Massachusetts in Alexandria, and the same was daily furnished durihg the remainder of 1862. It ^vas the duty of the patrol to move about the city in small squads, or stand guard at theatres and certain other places, and ariest all soldiers who could not produce passes, or who were in mischief, and bring them to the Provost Marshal's office, whence they were usually escorted to the " Slave Pen" in Duke Street,— a horrible den, with the following sign in large letters over the door : "Price & Borch, Dealers in Sl.^ves." It had a large room or yard, about fifty feet square, with windowless lirick walls fifteen or twenty feet high, a door of iron bars, and no floor except the earth. It had been one of the chief institutions of Alexandria, and any urchin could direct a stranger to the " Slave Pen " as readily as a New York boy can point out the City Hall, This was the place where, only two years before, black men, women, and children had been herded together by their masters while awaiting a sale. It had been a very safe place for a Virginian to keep his happy and contented property over night, and it was now equally safe for stragglers, deserters, bounty-jumpers, and drunken soldiers, who could sleep as securely there as lambs in a fold, without the least fear that wicked men would break in and hurt them. It must not be supposed, however, that all who found It necessary to lodge there were hard cases. By no means. Indeed it was no uncommon -thing even for 20 THE nineteekth Captains of the Nineteenth to be obliged to go and extract some of their men from the Slave Pen, who had fonnd their way there in some unaccountable manner. Besides the patrol, the regiment was required to furnish a large detail for picket in the suburbs, aud to perform a full list of exhausting drills and severe camp duties. If Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg had certainly known that we were to remain for a year and a half within sight of Alexandria, he would have been at that time less exacting ; — but he realized the constant liaMlity of being ordered at any moment to the extreme front, and into action; and he deemed it liis most imperative duty to fit his command for such a, contingency. Consequently the men were made to feel his unremitting and inexorable pressure, from Reveille until Tattoo, arid even all night. Guard Mounting, Company Drill, Battalion Drill, Dress Parade, Inspection, burying dead horses that orna mented the landscape far and wide, and Policing acres of ground, were some of the entertainments to whicli the soldier was invited as soon as relieved irom picket or patrol ; and if he neglected to hear the drummer's call, the officer ofthe day would be very likely to extend him a very pressing invitation to participate in the evolutions of an " Eleventh Company,'' The writer of this history once served in the "Eleventh Com pany," under Captain Ells, and has a lively recollection ofthe peculiar tactics employed in the organization and discipliue of that interesting body of troops. Captain Ells, with a sash over his shoulder, looked into one of the tents of Company A, where sat the writer, burnishing his musket for Guard Mount ing on the morrow, in the hope ol being selected by Adjutant Doming as one of the orderlies for the day. The foUowino- conversation ensued : CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS, 21 Captain Ells. Have you been excused from battalion drill? An.s. Y"es, sir. Capt. By whom ? Alls. First Sergeant Kilbourn, sir. Capt. Report at my quarters with your musket immediately. The order was obeyed with greater cheerfulness than if Captain Ells' puii^ose had been suspected. Some twenty or thirty innocent and wondering soldiers congregated in front of the tent of Captain Ells,- — -who, instead of asking them to take a drink, actually ordered them to "fall in," and then marched them down to the parade ground, where Colonel Kellogg was drilling the battalion. Col. Kellogg. Is this the Eleventh Company, Captain Ells ? Crqjt. Ells. Yes, sir. Col. Kellogg. Skulkers ! Dodgers ! Take 'em down there and give 'em h — l ! The prescription was administered. Captain Ells, having stationed himself in the center of an imaginary rectangle, caused Ms company tp describe the said rectangle, by march ing, filing left, then marching, then filing left, then march, then file left, then inarch, then file left again ; then DoTible Quick,— March ! File left, — March ! Right about,— March ! Close up there, you man ! Right about,— March ! File right, — March ! Keep hold ot theshank of your bayonet, sir ! File right,— March ! Right about,— March ! File left,— March ! Company-y-y-y-y-y Halt ! Front ! Right. Dress ! Front ! Onler-r-r Arms ! Place, Rest ! (and then, almost before the butts of the muskets had touched the ground,) Tenshun, Company ! der-r-r, Arms ! Right Face ! Double Quick,— March !— and so on for two hours. The marching by the left flank was not so hard, because the corporal on the 32 THE NINETEENTH left understood how to double-quick on a kind of moderate dog-trot ; but Sergeant (afterward Lieutenant) McCabe, who was on the right, in white canvas shoes, seemed to think it necessary to go on a full run ; and by the tirae the drill was over, the Eleventh Company looked and felt as though they had been through a forced march of thirty miles. From the soft beds and regular habits of Connecticut homes to tht? hard ground, severe duties, irregular sleep, bad food ancl worse water of a Virginia camp, was a change that could not be made without loss of health and life. Measles and Mumps began to prevail ; Rheumatism made the men lame. Chronic Diarrhoea weakened them. Typhoid Fever fired their blood, and Jaundice painted their skins and eyeballs yellower than saflron. Two hospital tents were soon filled to overflow ing, and an African Church near by was approjiriated as a Regimental Hospital ; while the " Sick Call " brought to the Surgeon's quarters a daily increasing crowcl, who desired medical treatment or an excuse from duty. The flrst death — that of Daniel E. Lyman, of Company C, — occurred on the 2d of November. Corporal Frederick B. Webster, of D Company, followed him on the Gth, and Arthur G, Kellogg, of C Com pany, on the 10th ; and by New Y''ear the number had increased to seventeen. Some of them were embalmed and sent home, and some buried in the Soldiers' Cemetery iu the southern edge of the city, with military honors ; which consisted of an escort of their comrades, with reversed anns, a roll of muffled drums, the mournful "Pleyel's Hymn " tremulously executed npon the fife, and a salute fired over thc grave ; with some times a prayer from the Chaplain, and sometimes without. Complaints of all kinds began to fiud their way to Connecti cut, Nearly or quite every man in the regiment could handle CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS, 23 a pen and give an opinion ; — although pens and opinions are things which (according to the Regular Army notion) private soldiers have no use for. More frequent passes and less rigorous discipline and routine would prob.ably have increased the sickness rather than diminished it ; still, it is not strange that some of the hundreds of letters which left camp daily should have made trouble at home. Charges of harsh treat ment and neglect of the sick appeared in the newspapers ; whereupon Colonel Wessells wrote* to Governor Buckingliam, requesting him to send a committee to inspect the condition of the regiment. Six days thereafter Dr, S. T, Salisbury, of Plymouth, arrived t at regimental headquarters, with creden tials from the Governor. Colonel Kellogg requested him to scrutinize closely. " There are our jurors," said he, pointing to the men. "Enter their quarters and question them. We will abide by their decision.'' Dr. Salisbury upon his return to Connecticut made a report which exonerated the officers from blame. He said that no New England village could surpass the camp in neatness, and that everything possible was being doue for the welfare of the men. He found the wives of Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg and Major Smith devo tedly assisting in the care of the sick ; and General Slongli informed him that the Nineteenth Connecticut was the best conducted reginient in all that region. Colonel Wessells, having been taken ill soon after reaching Alexandria, was confined at King Street Hospital during thc gi eater part of the fall, and went home about New Year, on a two months' leave of absence ; so that Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg had almost uninterrupted conim md from the time thc re;-riinent leit Connecticut until the following April. *NovciulJor 10, ISOA tNovcmbur 16, 186a, 24 THE NINETEENTH Thus the autumn of 1803 passed away, with its varied experiences of things pleasant and unpleasant. Among the latter were a furious snow storm,* a manufactured night scaref and march out on the pike, an occasional punitive douMlc-quick drill in the mud, an hrrcst of eighteen ofthe Jlouut Riga boys (of B Company) for stealing a whole beef, a mysterious upset ting of a sutler's shanty, and an unrelishaljle older requiring the mon to wear leathern " dog-collars." A portion of the picket detail was relieved by the One Hundred and Fifty-third New York on the ild of November, and the condition of the of the regiment wa.o gradually improved in various ways. The A tents gave place to Sibieys,]: which the men soon found means to floor with boards; di'css conts were issncd,§ fi-equent boxes of good things were received from home, (thc eat.ables being sometimes damaged by thc long journey,) and the sick v.oro sent to hospitals in Alexandria. Company A was sent into the city and quartered at the foot of Duke Street, on the 15tli of November, to guard goveinnient stores, v.-here it remained until about New Year, when the regiment was transferred to General Robert O. Tyler's command, which now consisted of the Nineteenth Connecticut, Pirsf Connecticut Artillery, Fourteenth Massachusetts, and a New York regi ment, and was entitled the •• Military Defences of Alexandiia." *Nov. 7, 1S62. tDec. 2'J. tNov. U. {Oct. 25. CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 25 CHAPTER HI. IN THE FORTS. AboTC low BCftrp, and turf-grovn vail, They w&tched tlic Tort Qdg rUe and Tall. Test om the Beach. As fell the walls of ancient Jericho at the blast of the ram's horn, leaving the inhabitants thereof defenceless befbre their enemies, so did the third tap of Hicks Seaman's drum bring down* the sixty stately Sibleys of the old camp ground in rear of Alexandria; and troops of huge old rats, that had long burrowed and rioted in luxury under the tent floors, learned to their dismay that army life is subject to very unexpected changes, aucl that rats and soldiers can never tell when some merciless invader will say, " Down goes your house !" (I trust I may not be blamed for using army phrases in this history, even though they be deficient in dignity. Out of the rough companionships of the camp, the travail of march, and the throes of battle, is born a dialect, perhaps not elegant, but so t'lgorous as to entitle it to respect and recognition at the hands of the historian who attempts to set forth the details of army life.) The regiment moved up the Leesburg Pike, passed Fairfax Seminary, and encamped among the stumps a few rods from the abbattis of Fort Worth. The liability of an imme- * January 13, 1SG3. 26 THE NINETEENTH diate call to the front was now so far diminished that there was a very noticeable relaxation of military rigor. Dress Parade, Guard Mounting, and Camp Guard were for some days the only disciplinary duties required, and great was the enjoyment afforded by the respite. Stumps were to be cleared away, and ditching and draining done for a camp and parade ground ; and the change from constant duty under arms to chopping, grubbing, and digging fresh earth, was extremely grateful and beneficial. True, the month of January witnessed a greater mortality than any other of the entire twenty months passed in the " Defences ;" but it was the result of disease pre viously contracted. The improved and improving condition of the regimental health is shown in the record of deaths lor 18G3, which is as follows : January, - - - - 16 July, ----- 0* February, 5 August, 1 March, - ... 3 September, - - - 3 April, 5 October, - - - - - 3 May, - - - 1 November, - - - - 3 June, 1 December, 2 The Surgeons had gained skill from experience in army practice — which is a very different tiling from the practice of civil doctors ; and the men had not only become more thor oughly acclimated, but had learned how to take care of them selves and minister to their own comfort by a thousand little arts and contrivances that are begotten of tho ingenuity of soldiers, and the necessities of camp life. Fort Worth was a neat little earthwork, situated about a * .Inly, 1868, was the only month of the entire three years in which . no death occurred. CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 27 quarter of a mile in rear of Fairfax Seminary, overlooking the broad valley of Hunting Creek, and the Orange and Alexandria Railway, and mounting some twenty-four guns of all kinds — Rodman, Parrott, Whitworth, 8-inch Howitzers, and iron and Coehorn mortars. Here began our artillery service ; and for many months the Nineteenth, although an infantry regiment, performed garrison duty in this and half a dozen other forts and redoubts in the vicinity, — thereby attaining a proficiency in artillery that eventually won the " red," and would doubt less have been effective at the front if such service had ever been required of us. But it was not so to be. The only foes that ever drew the fire of guns manned by this regiment were harmless targets, planted on the hillside a couple of miles away. (Know, gentle " civil " reader, that when a soldier speaks of guns, he means, not muskets or carbines, but those great pieces of ordnance that sink ships and batter down walls and towers,) It was pleasant to witness the prompt execution of such com mands as " From Battery ! Load by Detail ! Load ! In Battery ! Point ! Fire .'" — and then to hear a 34-pounder shot " spang " and sque-e-eal away over the intervening valley, and to see it announce its arrival by knocking a hole in the bull's eye, or by striking the ground and throwing a considerable portion of some rebel gentleman's farm into the air ; and it was very delightful to see an 8-inch shell jump from its mortar into the sky, and spin along like some devilish iron planet, every moment lessening on the eye, until it seemed a mere buck-shot, yet most audibly whizzing and spitting its wrath when up in the very clouds, -until at last, having described an immense semi-circle, it dug its own grave and buried itself several feet deep in the earth. Many excellent shots were made — but tho painted enemy never returned the fire. 28 THE NINETEENTH It must not be supposed that the relaxation in disciplinary rigor, of which I have spoken, was carried so far or continued so long as to engender habits of idleness. Oh no ! If we had escaped the toilsome night duty in Alexandria, it was only to find that Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg's genius was able to pro vide other ways of keeping us in perpetual motion. Orders were soon issued rectuiring knapsacks to be worn at Dress Parade and Guard Mounting ; then overcoats had to be " neatly rolled and strapjDed upon the knapsacks ;" then came white gloves ; and next, brass shoulder-scales, which were declared to be the crowning " poppycockery " of a miserable despotism. Swearing increased. Every stump wthin a mile was chipped off for firewood at least three successive times, until the thing was literally run into the ground ; the wooden horse near the guard house sometimes carried double, quadruple, sextuple ; the neighboring barrel was often surmounted by some gentle man who was permitted fi-om that elevated stand-point to contemplate the beauties of stringent discipline ; the stupidity of some right or left guide frequently punished the whole battalion with a " double-quick,"--thc memory of which will ever be painful ; the men came in from drill with eyes, noses, mouths, ears, teeth and hair full of dust, and their rations, as well as themselves, were gritty for a week thereafter ; the more improvident gambled all them money away, or ate it up in villainous sutler's pies, so that they had nothing coming on pay day,— and many other things conspired with these to detract in some degree from the felicity of camp life at Fort Worth. And yet there were many comforts and pleasures even there. An occasional rain or snow storm of twenty-four hours' duration was anythmg but a calamity to the dwellers in those snug Sibley cones, for it brought reUef from drill, a reduction CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 29 of camp guard, undress parade, and plenty of time to write, sleep, or eat, accordiug to the various tastes or fancies of the soldiers. Three feet of snow outside was sure to cause unusual happiness within. Those who could sing organized themselves into choirs; and almost burst their lungs over Greenville, Coro nation, Old Easter Anthem, and " I have set watchmen upon thy walls.'' Those who liked literature and poetry got up readings from Shakspeare. Others kept their bunks and slept — ^long and sweetly. Others blued their sights, or shellacked their stocks. Others vwote letters. Others' growled. Others baked and ate pancakes — " From morn fill noon, from noon till dewy eve." And others, if we remember rightly, played cards. Thus, with the help of mirth and song and jest, an occasional pass or furlough, a snow-ball fight or a foot-ball chase, was the winter sm-vived. After the middle of March a large number of men were daily sent to load cars with wood, several miles out on the Orange and Alexandria Railway, and each man always brought home a stick on his shoulder, so that firewood was no longer dug out of stumps. On the 13th of April orders were received from General Heintzelman, the commander of the Department of Washington, directing the Nineteenth Connec ticut Volunteers to be provided with shelter tents and seven days' cooked rations, and to be held in xeadiness to march. The regimental pulse was instantly quickened. Troops were hourly passing, on their way to join Hooker's army, and the command to " fall in " and take the " route step " in the same direction -was hourly expected. Superfluous property was disposed of, and bushels of letters despatched northward. Captain Bissell, quite as much excited as any of his men, gave an enormous same SO THE NlNBT'EESttt ham to a squad in Company A, with much the liberality wherewith a death-doomed voyager flings his gold and jewels about the cabin of a sinking ship. But army life is full of various surprises. Troops sometimes unex pectedly go, and sometimes unexpectedly stay. Not only that April, but the next April also, left us still in the Defences of Washington. It was impossible that these soldiers, who had so recently been citizens, and who proposed — ^if they lived through the war — to become citizens again, should not be intensely inter ested in the political affairs of the country, and especially of their own State. Every intelligent man among them knew that the political and the military issues then before the country were one and inseparable ; and as the Connecticut State election* approached, the regiment seemed to resolve itself into political conventions and conferences, wherein the situation was earnestly discussed. The Democratic State Con vention t had just passed resolutions in favor of an immediate abandonment of the war — declaring that the rebellion could not be put down by fighting — denouncing the Militia Bill that had recently been introduced in the United States Senate by Mr. Wilson as unconstitutional, and calling on the States to resist its execution. This action, so evidently intended to strengthen the rebels, aroused a most vehement indignation among both officers and men in the regiment, which soon found expression in the folio-wing Appeal, which was published in the " Litchfield Enquirer,"| and extensively copied in other newspapers of the State : » The election of April, 1863. t At Middletoivn. Ct.. Feb. 18. I March 12, 1863. . ' CONNECTlOtTT VOLUNTEERS, 31 " AN APPEAL TO THE MEN OF CONNECTICUT. " We, the undersigned, members of the Nineteenth Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers, have been called from our homes to flght for the preservation of the liberties of our countrj', and are thus cut off from all participation in political affairs. Nevertheless, we have as deep an interest in the welfare of our State as any of you who have remained at home. We have taken up arms for your protection, and in your stead ; and being deprived, by reason of absence, of the privilege of voting, we send you thia appeal, as -an expression of our sentiments in regard to the issues involved in the coming State election. " When the attack on Fort Sumter inaugurated the great rebellion, the traitors of the North hid themselves in alarm from before the resistless torrent of patriotic enthusiasin that threatened to overwhelm them ; but they did not give over the hope of seeing the govemment destroyed, and of aiding in its overthrow. They knew that the flood-tide of patriotism would ebb — that taxation and distress and bereavement would cause many to care more for present than enduring peace — that the hardships of a soldier's life would cause discontent io the army ; and they counted on these results, and on everything that is selflsh and sordid in human nature, as helps to their infernal schemes. Whenever the cause of the cotmtry has seemed bright, these men have been silent, and have worked against us in secret ; and when disaster has come upon our armies, they have crawled out of their holes, like snakes in sunshine, to bask their spotted skins, and exult over rebel successes ! They have only been biding their time, and now t'hey think their time hat come. In Connecticut they have recently given expression to their purposes by the nomination of Thomas H. Seymour for Governor, and in resolutions adopted 32 THE NINETEENTH hy their recent State Convention, ioM<:h are nothing less than aid and comfort to the enemy in front of us. " In a letter published in the " Hartford Times" in July last, Thomas H. Seymour made use of the following language : '"I follow in no crusade for the subjugation and consequent humiliation and overthrow of the South, neither will I contribute in any -n-ay to the accomplishment of such bloody purposes. The mon strous fallacy of thc preient day that the Union can be restored by dsstroying any part of the South, is one which will burst with the shuUs that arc thrown into its defenceless cities.' " Men of Connecticut ! did you bid us go forth to face dan ger and death only that the State which we call our home might fall into the hands of such men as Thomas H. Seymour ? Did you encourage us by your bounties, your banners, your words and. deeds, to leave home, fne,n.6s, everything, to fight Southern rebels, only, that we might look back and see foes not less malignant, and not less dangerous, assailing us from behind ? We pray you not to crush our resolution, and palsy our arms, by electing for your Governor, and ours, a man who hopes for our defeat and humiliation ! Fort Worth, Va., March 3, 1863. (Signed,) B. D, Lee, Quartermaster. B, H. Camp, Sergeant Major. COMPANY A. Lieut, A, B, Shumway, Corp. C. W. Hinsdale, 1st Sergt. D. C. Kilbourn, Russell Curtiss, Sergt, Joseph P.- Parks, Samuel Gunn, Sergt, G. B. Hempstead, Leonard O. Bradley, Sergt. C. B. Hatch, Willard J. Watrous, Corp, George W, Mason, William S. Smith, Corp, Henry T. Cable, Joseph D. Bradley, Corp, Henry Scoville, ApoUos C. Morse, CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 33 Theodore F. Vaill, John S. Bishop, Albert A. Jones, George W. Potter, Leonard C. Bissell, George D. Stone, Lewis Bissell, Myron E. Kilbourn, Jackson Tompkins, Charles Merriman, William H. Hull, Henry G. Gibbs, Silas M. Griswold, Hiram Bradley, Edwin F. Perkins, Edward S. Hempstead, Robert W. Coe, Frederick T. Fenton, Howard W. Baldwin, Henry H. Catlin, Norman B. Barber, Thomas AV. Beach, Julius Winship, Charles Adams, Jr., George N, Hannahs, E. Goodwin Osborne, Nelbert P. Newberry, Franklin M. Bunnell. Sergt. James Parks, Jacob P. Riipp, Carl Volusen, James Gibbons, COMPANY B. Henry Burgess, C. B. Benedict, Henry Voelker. COMPANY C. Capt. James Q. Rice, George D. Bentley, Lieut.- William F. Spencer, Lieut. William H. S.vntbrd, 1st Sergt. W. McK. Rice, Sergt. J. P. McCabe, Sergt. M. Henry Huxley, George R. Hyde, John R. Blakeslee, Orson- M. Miner, O. R. Fyler, ¦ Uri M,. Wadhams, W. E. McKee, Fred Barber, V. R; Bissell, Fred A. Lucas, Edward M. Dunbar, George C. Stewart, David C. Munson, Harrison Whitney, Milo F. Barber, Alonzo Smith, George W. Newcomb, William H. Beach, Homer W. Griswold, Avery F, jVIiner, James M. Benton, Ed. C. Huxley, C. P. North, William W. Hyde, 34 THE NINETEENTH H. S. Eldridge, Cyrus Bartholomew, George W. Cleaveland, Erastus Cleaveland, Philo Cleaveland, C. J. Soudant, A. B. Cleaveland, E. M. Balcom, William L. Adams, Royal Stone, Henry L. Vaill, W. N. Wadhams, Henry H. Ivesy Avery M. Allyn, James Moran. COMPANY D, Capt. William B. Ells, Lieut. W. H. Lewis, Jr., Lieut. Robert A. Potter, Sergt. Edgar B. Lewis, Sergt, Horace Hubbard, Corp, Emory B. Taylor, Corp. D, B. Wooster, Corp. Salmon B. Smith, Corp. Samuel Brown, Corp. James McCormick, John Mnrphy, William H. Whitelaw, Philo Fenn, N. W, Barnes, C, I, Hongh, Charles Bryan, Hiram Mattoon, Henry N, Bushnell, A. P. Clark, Justin O. Stoughton, Albert J, Hotchkiss, George T. Cook, Swift McG. Hunter, George H. Bates, Charles E. Guernsey, Charles Warner, William C. Atwood, John 8. Atwood, Edward C. Hopson, Jaraes A. Beach, Harvey Bronson, Franklin W. Hubbard, B. S, Brown, Hiram T. Coley, Edgar J. Castle, Lewis Munger, Benjamin Filley, Martin H. Camp, James Straun, David Davenport, Charles W. Talcott, George Beach, Ira H. Stoughton, William Liudley, C, R. Warner, William Weston, William Wright, David A, Bradley, Simon O'Donnell. CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 35 COMPANY E. Lieut. C. D. Cleveland, 1st Sergt. H. D. Gaylord, Sergt. O. J. Smith, Sergt. H. Skinner, Sergt. George White, Sergt. S. A. Granger, Corp. Mason Adkins, Corp. Ruel H. Perldns, Corp. David Miller, Corp. C. A. Reynolds, Jerome Preston, William H. Hubbard, Lucius S. Skinner, Frederick M. Cooke, William H. Seymour, James A. Greene, Stephen W. Sage, William S. Cooper, Adam Feathers, R. B. Thayer, George A. Tatro, C. M.^urr, E. R. Canfield, Lewis Downs, Edward F. Carrington, Warren M. Wood, Hubbard E. Tuttle, James Baldwin, Henry Pine, Edward Beach, Henry Rexford, Darwin S. Starks, Theodore Robbins, Edwin Downs, Manwaring Green, Walter Martin, Sherman H. Cowles, Frederick P. Daniels, Wallace W. Woodruff, A.dam J. Dilly, Julius Woodford, Herman L, Moote, Sherman Apley, Timothy A. Hart, Joseph Pettitt, Henry C. Kent, Elizur Maltby, Wells Tuttle. COMPANY P, Capt. E. W. Jones, Lieut. O. P. Loomis, Lieut. James Deane, 1st Sergt. W. Alford, Sergt. Samuel E. Gibbs, Sergt. Alfred E. Alford, Sergt. William L. T-wiss, Sergt. Carlton Seymour, Corp. Thomas B. Spencer, Corp. Ruel'B. Rice, Corp. William G. Henderson, Corp. E. D. Lawrence, Orville D. Tiffany, Jesse Tumer, Harvey Tu<5ker, WiUiam H. Colt, Henry C. Merrill, George W. Warren, George Munson, Allen B. St. John, 36 THE NINETEENTH George L. Fairchild, Ephraim Tucker, Seth F. Haskin, Joseph Neal, William G. Gardner, J, L, Merrill, Ira D, Jones, Horace Calkins, J, N. Tyler, Edwin R. MitcheU, John W. Shaw, Charies H. Mitchell, Albert P. Bradley, George Simons, Elisha L. Bancroft, John C. Weeks, John H. Batterman, A. G. Henderson, H. J. Benham, Edward H. Roys, Philander Emmons, Horatio G. Eggleston, Daniel Ryan, WilUam Burke, George N. Andrus, Homer D. St. John, Patrick Ryan, John Carroll, Joseph McManus, C. A. Baker. COMPANY G. Capt. Edward P. Gold, Lieut. J. M. Gregory, Ist Sergt. Michael Kelly, Sergt. Gad N. Smith, Sergt. Henry S. Deane, Sergt. SUas A. Pahner, Corp. William S. Shepard, Corp, Henry P. Milford, Corp. Joseph B. Payne, Corp. Charles P. Traver, Corp. Charles Ingersoll, Henry Peck, William H, Ingraham, William Clinton, Elmore E, Waldron, Charles Ring, P. D. Holmes, Wesley L. Holmes, Edmund E. Hoffman, John O. Doherty, George W. Brague, Thomas Sherman, Nelson Clark, Josiah B. Corban, George V. Capron, James B, Capron, David Kimball, ' Charles R. Swift, Frederick V. Shepard, George L. Jones, Miles E. Dean, Matthew P. Bell, Jr., Alfred L. Benedict, George W. Studley, WiUiam Young, G, D. Palmer, Frederick Butler, Patrick Troy, Lewis Sawyer, Ralph Miner, CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 37 Elisha Soule, George W. Page, James H. Van Buren, Charles J. Reed, Benjamin F. Bierce, Henry Shadt, John Chase, Charles Smith, Rufus S. Fi-ink. COMPANY H. Capt. George S. Williams, Lieut. E. W. Marsh, Lieut. F. M. Berry, 1st Sergt. D. E. Marsh, Sergt. R. C. Loyeridge, Sergt. Charles F. Anderson, Sergt. Homer S. Curtiss, Sergt. Henry C. Noble, Corp. Benjamin F. Dunham, Corp. Ed. F. Lyon, Corp. David E. Soule, Corp. Lewis W. Mosher, Corp. Henry R. Hoyt, Corp. Horace E. Jones, Corp. I. C. Buckingham, Corp. Minor E. Strong, Sheldon Fox, Andrew E. Bailey, WiUiim E. Disbrow, Franklin Nichols, Joseph S. Knowles, John F. WilUams, Reuben H. Sherwood, Charles A. Way, Henry C. Straight, Oliver B. Evitts, Hobert H. Reed, Alfred Cable, George H. Potter, Daniel T. Somers, Seth N. Taylor, Gustavus H. Black, Frank J. Warner, Russell B. Camp, Sheldon Clark, Horatio S. Hoyt, George D. Potter, Henry S. Gridley, Orlo H. Buckingham, Hoiner S. Sackett, Austin R. Humphrey, John Harrington, Ira S. Bradley, Burr Williams,' Henry A. Burton, Frederick J. Logan, Anson B. Nichols, William H. Thompson, George Chamberlain, Uriah F. Snedeker, Alanson Peet, Lewis S. Young, Stephen Snedeker, Ehoy S. Jennings, Daniel G. Marshall, Charles W. Jackson, Jerome Johnson, Hiram Cable, Francis L. French, WiUiam E. Canfield, 38 THE NINETEENTH George S. Erwin, Horace N. Sanford, Cyrus Howland, Henry Fry, Lewis St. John, Edgar W. Calhoun, Alfred N. Whittlesy, Edward E. Thompson, Loren Peet. COMPANY I. Lieut. W. W. Birge, Lieut. Walter Burnham, Ist Sergt. J. M. Bradley, Sergt, W. J. Orton, Sergt. M. D. Smith, Sergt. George Bradley, Corp. Benjamin WeUman, Corp. .Charles Bottsford, H. S. McKinney, Charles T. Squire, Bela Potter, C, H, Fogg, F. F. Kane, F. C. Hard, J. J. Rogers, George Judson, Ira Thomas, C. Deforest, I. Briggs, G. Deforest, D. Northrop, F. M. Miner, D. Taylor, S. Hayes, H. Northrop, C. Seeley. COMPANY K. Capt, Edward O. Peck, Lieut. Aug. H. Fenn, Lieut. James N. Coe, Sergt. Oscar Piatt, Corp. Sidney A. Law, Corp. Thomas P. Tompkins, James W. Johnson. This Appeal was drawn up and circulated by the private soldiers, and not by the officers. Many more, who never saw it until it appeared in print, would have affixed their names but for the haste with which it was forwarded to Connecticut. Its appearance caused great alarm among those who desired thc overthrow of the Union army ; one of whom — George C. Hitchcock, of New Preston— sent to the regiment the foUowing document, in the hope of obtaining signatures : CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 39 *' We, the undersigned, hereby certify that we never signed, or authorized our names to be signed to the Petition from the Nine teenth Connecticut Volunteers, printed in the "Litchfield Enquirer" of March 12, 1863." This paper received no signatures. Another disloyal citizen — one Carrington, of Colebrook — also prepared the following letter, .and sent it to Private George Simons, of Company F, expecting to have it signed and returned for pubUcation : " To A, E. Bubs, Editor Hartford Times— Dear Sir : Permit me to state that there has been a p.aper circulated through the Nine teenth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, for the purpose of defeating Thomas H. Seymour as candidate for Governor of Connecticut. Through false representations I was induced to sign said paper. I regret what I have done, and now say were I in my native town I ehould nrost cheerfully vote for Seymour, believing the interests of the soldiers and the country will be advanced by his election, I am convinced that I speak the sentiments of many of my fellow soldiers in arms who have been duped to sign the paper. Signed, " Instead of signing this letter, Simons declared that he would like to shocd the aian who sent it to him. Indeed, no one who could have heard the shouts of joy that rang through the camp at the announcement of the re-election of Governor Bucking ham, would ever have hoped to induce the Ninefltnth Con necticut to flght on the side of the rebelUon. On or about the 28th of March, Colonel Aiken, of Connecti cut, visited camp, and spent an hour or more with Colonel Wessells ajosd. Major Smith, at the quarters of the latter. Slwrtly afterward, it became known that leaves of absence were to be granted to ten officers, and furloughs to ninety men, for nine days, — or imtil after the Connecticut election ; and each Company commander was requested to select ten 40 TlIE NINETEENTH from his Company for this purpose, and to farnish a list of then- names, to be forwarded to Washington, and embodied in an order. Some of the Captains were war democrats, some republicans, and some of no politics,— but aU of them professed to select those for furloughs who had the best reasons for going home, without regard to politics. The order shortly came, aud the ten officers and ninety men left* for Connecticut. Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg was greatly incensed at these IJro- ccedings.- Being almost constantly in command, he felt that hc ought to have been consulted in regard to these furloughs, instead of being entirely ignored. He accused Colonel Wes- seUs and Major Smith of having offered him an intentional insult in thus conferrmg with the line officers ; and after having assailed the Major with abusive language, (and, it was said, with personal violence also,) mounted his horse and left for Connecticut.t At Fort Richardson he had an interview; with Lieuten.int Colonel White, of the First Connecticut Artillery, who counseled him not to leave, and assured him that Major Smith was not to blame, but had been wronged by ?Aprils, 18G3, t April 3, 1863. Thc manner in wliich the selection was made in Company A, (in which the ^uter was then a private,) was as follows : Captain Bissell directed LiTOtenaut Wadhams to pick out the men, Aceordingly the Company was formed on the street, and Lieutenant Wadhams said, " There is an opportunity for nine of you to go home on a nine days' furlough. Of course a good many of you will have to ha disap pointed. Ton who would like to go, step two paces to tho front," Alioiit half the Company stepped forward; the rest were dismissed, " Now," continued he, "let each man give his reasons for desiring a furlough, and then I will make as fair a choice as I can." . Tho men; chosen were Barker, Bishop, George Bradley, Cable, Nettleton, Pot ter, Theodore Sanford, Scoville, Spencer, and Lieutenant Shumway, Among those sent home by Captain Skinner, of Company E, were' democrats, republicans, and some who were not old enough to vote.. CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 41 him. KeUogg then requested White to write Smith a letter of apology for him, which was done ; but he refused to return to the regiment, ancl proceeded to his home in Birmingham, Connecticut, from whicli place his wife, at his request, sent a second apologetic letter to the Major. On the SOth of April United States Marshal Carr, acting under orders from the War Department, arrested him at Birmingham and ordered him to report to General Heintzelman, who ordered him to report, under arrest, to the Commanding Officer ofhis regiment. The air was rent with huzzas and darkened with caps when he rode into camp* at Fort Worth ; and a few days later a portion of the regiment, whUe on the way from Fort Worth to Fort Lyon, saluted Mm with cheers, a roll of drums, and a dipping of colors, — ^fbr permitting which. Lieutenant James N, Coe, who was in command of the detachment, was ordered under arrest and charges preferred, t Charges against Kellogg were forwarded | by Colonel Wessells to De Russy's headquarters at Arlington ; but on the same day Kellogg was released without trial by a Special Order fi-om the War Department, and reported to the regiment for duty. Colonel Wessells, being in command of the " Second Brigade," assigned him to the command of thc Regiment, — which he thenceforth kept, with hardly a day's intermission, until the day of his death. On the 12tli of May the Reginient was for the first time broken up into separate garrisons. Companies B, F and G went to Fort Ellsworth, Company A to Redoubt A, Company D to Redoubt B, Companies C and K to Redoubt C, and Com panies E, H and I to Redoubt D ; and this arrangement con tinued during the summer. These Redoubts were small works * May 1. t These charges were returned disapproved, and Lieu tenant Coe released. J May 38, D 42 THE NINETEENTH in the vicinity of Fort Lyon, on the Mount Vernon road, and commanding the land and water approaches to Alexandria on the South, About this time General Tyler was relieved in command by General De Russy, and all the fortifications from Alexandria to Georgetown received the name of the " Defences of Washington South of the Potomac," — and the troops stationed therein constituted the Twenty-second Army Corps, During the entire season the Nineteenth was called upon for nothing more laborious than drilling, target practice, stockade building in Alexandria, picking- blackberries, drinking a quar ter of a gill of whiskey and quinine at Reveille and Retreat, and drawing- pay from Major Ladd every two months. Y^et a good many seemed to be in all. sorts of affliction, and were constantly complaining because they could not go to the front. A year later, when the soldiers of the Nineteenth were stagger ing along the Pamunkey, with heavy loads and blistered feet, or thro-s^ang up breastworks with their cofl'ee pots all night under fire in front of Petersburg, they looked back to the Defences of Washington as to a lost Elysium, and fervently longed to regain those bUssful seats. Oh Happiness ! why is it that men never recognize thy features until thou art far away 2 Colonel Wessells resigned, on account of iU health, on the IGth of September. In October the regiment was withdrawn from the reboubts, and brigaded with the Fu-st Connecticut Hea-s'y Artillery, under the command of Colonel Henry L. Abbott, Thc regimental headcxuarters wore estaiiiished at " Oak Grove House," and the companies distributed at three forts,— Ellsworth, Williams, and Worth,— where they remained until thc foUo-ning May. CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS. 43 CHAPTER IV. THE CHANGE FROM INFANTRY TO ARTILLERY. Far flashed the bed Artillery. Campbell. Every true soldier believes in his own regiment. He holds himself in perpetual readiness to demonstrate that no other battalion, brigade, division, or corps ever passed in review so handsomely, marched so far, fought so bravely, or suffered so much, as his own. It would not be strange, therefore, if the praise which the author of this history bestows upon the regiment with which he was connected from the first day of its existence until the last, should be attributed to partiality. But Secretary Stanton did not belong to the Nineteenth Con necticut, and it will hardly be maintained that the Department of War could have had any other partiaUty for this particular regiment than was due to its excellent discipline, fine appear ance, and good reputation. About the middle of November General Barry, Chief of Artillery of the Department of Wash ing-ton, re-iiewed Colonel Abbott's brigade, and made a pjarticu- larl/y careful inspection of the Nineteenth Connecticut ; and from what occurred a day or two thereafter, it was inferred that he bore to Washington a good report of Colonel Kellogg and his command; for, on the 23d of November the War Department issued an order changing the Nineteenth Connec- 44 SECOND CONNECTICUT ticnt Infantry to a regiment of Heavy Artillery,* and directing it to be filled up to the maximum ari;illei-y standard. This was joyful news. It did not take long, (for every man was his own tailor,) to exchange the faded blue straps and chevrons for bright red ; and that soldier could not be accused of overmuch ambition who did not see some chance for promo tion among the two majors, two companies, two captains, twenty-eight Ueutenants, forty-six sergeants, and sixty-four corporals, that would be required in addition to those already on hand. Lieutenants Edward W. Marsh and Oren H. Knight were already in Connecticut on recruiting service, and on the SOth of November Lieutenant Benjamin F. Hosford, -with a party of ten enlisted men, left for home on the same duty. A draft was then pending, and enormous bounties were offered for volunteers ; and these officers and men entered upon their duties with a vigor, and achieved a success, which, it may safely be said, had no parallel in the history of recruiting during the entire war. The flrst installment — sixty-eight men — arrived on the last day of the year ; on New Year's day, (1864,) forty-four more ; fifty on the 6th of January ; another lot on the 9th ; one hundred and fifteen on the 10th ; more on the 17th ; and so on, until the 1st of March, by which time the regiment had received over eleven hundred recruits, and now contained eighteen hundred men. The new comers were divided equally among the several companies, and the full complement of officers and non-commissioned officers forthwith ordered. It was astonishing to see with what celerity a pro moted sergeant would shed his enlisted man's coat and appear in all the pomp and consequence of shoulder straps and * The name of the " Second Connecticut Artillery " was given by Governor Buckingham, HEAVY ARTILLERY. 4,5 terrible seimetar; and it was for some time a question of serious discussion among the older officers whether the fort gates would not have to be enlarged in order to facilitate the ingress and egress of the new Ueutenants, who ch-ew such an alarming quantity of water. This vast body x)t recruits was made up of all sorts of men. A goodly- portion of them were no less intelligent, patriotic, and honorable than the " old " Nineteenth, — and that is praise enough. Another portion of them were not exactly the worst kind of njen, but those adventurous and uneasy varlets who always want to get out of jaU when they are in, and in when t'ney are out ; furloughed saUors, for example, who had enlisted just for ftm, whUe ashore, with no definite purpose of remain ing in the land service for any tedious length of time.^J^nd lastly, there were about three hundred of the most thorough paced vUlains that the stews and slums of New York and Baltimore could furnish, — bounty jumpers, thieves, and cut throats, who had deserted from regiment after regiment in which they had enlisted under fictitious names, and who now proposed to repeat the operation. And they did repeat it. Many disappeared on the way from Connecticut to the regi ment, and many others arrived handcuffed, having failed in attempting to do likewise, — and were at once consigned to bomb-proofs in the forts, from which they repeatedly came near escaping by digging underground passages with their hands and jack knives. No less than two hundred and fifty deserted before the middle of May, very few of whom were ever retaken and returned to the regiment. There were rebels in Alexandria who furnished deserters with citizens' clothes, and thus their capture became almost impossible. After the resignation of Colonel WesseUs, the Colonelcy 46 second CONNECTICUT remained vacant for some time. It was supposed that Gover nor Buckingham hesitated to give the eagles to Lieutenant Colonel Kellogg on account of his rude treatment of Major Smith a few months before, and a rumor reached camp that a certain unpopular Major of the First Artillery was endeavoring to obtain the position, A petition praying that Kellogg might not be thus ignominiously "jumped" was instantly signed by nearly every member of the regiment, and forwarded to the Governor, who thereupon immediately sent him a Colonel's commission. ^li> HE.iVY ARTILLERY. 47 CHAPTER V. TO THE FRONT, O'er the proud heads of freemen our star banner waves, Meu firm as their mountains, and still as their graves, — To-morrow shall pour out their life-blood like rain ; — We come back in triumph, or come not again, Thomas Gkey, In the spring of 1864, Lieutenant General Grant was sum moned fi-om the west to Washington, and invested with the command of all the armies ofthe United States, Success — the only satisfactory test of military capacity — ^had attended his operations at Vicksburg and elsewhere, and he was now called upon to undertake the task wherein McClellan, Burnside, Pope, Hooker and Meade had failed, viz : the overthrow of Lee's army, and the reduction of the rebel capital. About the mid dle of March he established his headquarters with the Army of the Potomac, then lying along the Rapidan, and the forward movement against Richmond commenced on the 4th of Jlay. From the beginning of the war up to this time, it had been deemed necessary to keep a large number of troops in the Defences of Washington, to guard the capital against sudden attack. But when Grant needed reinforcements after the seven days' battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania,* he * From May 5 to May 13, 1864. 48 SECOND CONNECTICUT did not hesitate to strip the capital of these soldiers, nor did he seem pai ticular about the "arm" of the service to which they happened to belong. A good many Cavalry and ArtUlery Regiments suddenly found themselves converted into "Dis mounted Cavalry " and " Foot Artillerists,'' which seemed so much like Infantry that- the men could hardly perceive the dift'erence. On the 15th of May the Second Connecticut moved from Forts Worth, WilU}() SECOND CONNECTfCtiT the breastworks, by large details of soldiers, until ahnost tie hour of leaving Cold Harbor, — ^probably to protect the -witli- drawing troops, in case of attack. It was nearly midnight on the 13th of June when we found ourselves in motion on the road to White House ; and innumerable were the conjectures as to our destination. The night was intensely dark, and after having marched a mile or two we became entangled with tlie Second Corps, (which was also in motion,) in such a manner that there would have been ugly work in the event of an attack. But at length the difficulty was overcome, and we moved rapidly on untU morning, when the sun indicated that our destination must be some other place than 'White House, for we were marching southeast instead of northeast. By seven o'clock that evening we had marched thirty nules, and were encamped a mile and a half south of the Chickahominy, and six miles from Charles City Court House. On the 14th we marched at seven o'clock, A. M., and encamped about noon not far from the river. On the 15th we moved a mile and a half. On the 16th, moved again a short distance ; heard firing for the first and only time since leaving Cold Harbor ; threw up a Une of breastworks, and took a bath in the river. It was the only luxury we had had for weeks. It was a goodly sight to see half a dozen regiments disporting themselves ia the tepid waters of the James. But no reader can possibly understand what enjoyment it afforded, unless he has slept on the ground for fourteen days -without imdressing, and been compeUed to walk, cook, and live on all-fours, lest a perpen dicular assertion of his manhood should instantly convert it into clay. Troops were embarking aU day at the Landmg, and at midnight we went aboard,— haU the companies on one transport and half on another,— and soon were so quietly and HEAVY ARTILLERY. 71 pleasantly gliding up the broad and beautiful river that imagi nation and memory could make it seem, for a moment now and then, Uke some pleasure excursion on the Hudson or Long Island Sound, But it wasn't ! We knew too well where we had been, and too little where we were going, to draw any protracted comfort from such imaginations. Companies C, D, F, I, L, and M disembarked soon after sunrise at Point of Rocks, on the Appomattox; while the other transport, being a little too late for the tide, landed A, B, E, G, H, and K at Bermuda Hundred, whence, after a march of three miles, they joined the others, and bivouacked until noon. In the afternoon we moved two miles further, and encamped in the woods^ in tho neighboihood ofthe Sixth and Seventh Connecticut, and the First Connecticut Artillery. At one o'clock next morning we moved but, marched a mile or two in the darkness, halted and stood in ominous silence for a few minutes, while mounted officers rode silently by ; after which we returned by the same way to camp. It has always been supposed that this move was intended for a charge ; which, for some reason not known, (but which would doubtless have been deemed abundantly sufficient by the regiment, if their opinion had been asked,) was not made. Reveille was sounded next morning* at three o'clock, rations issued, and orders received to 'oe ready to move at four ; but the " pack-up " bugle did not sound until five. Such delays may or may not cost a campaign ; they are always welcome to soldiers while cooking their breakfast. After marching back for some distance toward the Point of Rocks, and crossing the Appomattox by a pontoon, we moved directly toward the city * June 19, 1864, 72 SECOND CONNECTICUT of Petersburg,— whose towers and spires appeared in view before noon. It seemed as though forty minutes' march would bring us into its streets. But, ah ! there were obstacles in the way, which it required forty weeks, hundreds of mUes of march ing, and thousands of Uves, to remove before it could be done. A hundred hours earlier, the inhabitants of that city had never heard a hostile shot, and had perhaps deemed themselves as much out of the way of contending armies as Albany or Hart ford. But they were henceforth to pay for their past immu nity. The roar of war that now broke upon their ears never died away, by day nor night, until the union armies, ten months afterward, chased the retreating rebels through the western gates of the city, and hunted rebellion down. In the afternoon we moved* to Harrison's Creek, and relieved a portion of Hinks' Brigade of Colored Troops, who were holding a line of rifle pits which, together with two guns, they had captu'-ed four days before. While halting a few minutes near one of their regiments we had a good oppor tunity to converse with and observe them, which was well improved. Many of them were men of fine physigue, and soldierly bearing ; and as we contemplated their stacks oi muskets, and then surveyed the rebel lines just ahead, (which we knew somebody must take,) there was not a man of the " superior Anglo-Saxon race " in all the di-vision, with brains enough to put two ideas together, wiio would have deemed * The term " we," which so frequently occurs In this volume, is used sometimes for the regiment, sometimes for the brigade, division, corps, or army, according to circumstances. And the writer himself docs not always know how large a " we " it is. The whole of Rus sell's Division raoved in at Harrison's Cieek ; but whether the other two divisions of the corps were there, the limited range of vision enjoyed by a regimental officer did not enable the writer to know. ©^PTAllKl ©BUM M= KKlQ^Wirp HEAVY ARTILLEilY. 73 •' niggers " unflt for soldiers. " Well, you colored fellows have had a pretty rough job, I reckon,'' said one of our men, in a tone of respectful and neighborly inquiry ; (for observe, when white soldiers stand side by side with black ones, facing rebel 'breastworhs, and not knowing what an hour may bring forth, they never " damn the niggers," nor insult them in any way. Such proofs of what Pollard caUs " superiourity " are only exhibited by warriors who fight battles at extreme long range — a range of flve or six hundred miles — and who have meaner than " nigger " blood in their veins,) " Yes, we have," was the reply, " as rough as we care for. We have to die for eight dollars a month, while you get thirteen for the same business. That's what we call rough. It's poor encourage ment, anyhow." Was not that a reasonable answer ? It certainly would have been if it had come from a white man. The day was Sunday, — and what a Sunday I Shells whis tled and muskets rattled, both to the right and left, as far as the ear could reach. Petersburg and its inner defences were in plain sight ; and if our troops had not captured the city, we had at least got so near that it would be an uncomfortable place for trade and residence, unless we could be pushed fur ther off. After dark, (for no such move could be made by daylight,) the regiment moved down a steep bank in front of Harrison's house, reUeved the Eleventh Connecticut, and took position on the eastern edge of a broad, level wheat fleld. The minie balls that came singing along overhead with a Kee-00 ! oo-oo, told that the enemy held the opposite side of the wheat field ; and no time was lost in " covering." Spades did not come for a long time, and only a few of them at last. Tons of loamy earth were thrown, all night long, with coffee pots, bayonets, hands, and shovels whittled out of hard tack F 74 SECOND CONNECTICUT boxes. Pickets were sent ahead several rods into the field, aud three men stationed at each post. The "posts" were holes dug in the ground by bayonets and fingers. The deeper the hole, the higher the bauk of earth in front ; and the pick ets very naturally kept digging to strengthen their position. The tall wheat rustled with ripeness as they moved through it, to and from their posts. Are these men, who lie here and there, dead or asleep ? Here is one who, at all events, has krinkled and spoiled a good deal of wheat in settling down to his rest. Is he a reb, or one of our men ? It is difficult to tell, on account of the darkness, — but that is the Union blue. Take hold of his arm. Ah ! there is a certain stiffness that decides the point at once. He probably answered to his name this morning at the roll-call of the Eleventh Connecticut ; but he will not do so to-morrow morning. The first and second battalions dug all night. The third went to the rear about nine o'clock, and lay in some old rifle pits ; but were ordered to the front again just after midnight to help dig. The city clocks could be heard tolling the night hours away, for they were not so far off as Camp Dutton fi-om Litchfield Hill, The morning* revealed a magniflcent line of earthworks which had grown up in the night for our protec tion. Had they sprung by magic, Uke the palace of some Arabian fable? ? No, Our worn and weary men knew where they came from. This was the most intolerable position the regiment was ever required to hold. We had seen a deadlier spot at Cold Harbor, and others awaited us in the future ; but they were agonies that did not last. Here, however, we had to stay,— hour after hour, from before dawn until after dark, and that * June 20, 1864, HEAVY ARTrLLERY. 75 too where we could not move a rod without extreme danger. The enemy's fi-ont line was parallel with ours, just across the wheat field ; then they had numerous sharpshooters, who were familiar -with every acre of the ground, perched in tall trees on both oui- flanks ; then they had artillery posted everywJiere. No man could cast his eyes over the parapet, or expose himself ten feet in rear ofthe trench without drawing fire. And yct they did thus expose themselves ; for where there are even chances of being missed or hit, soldiers will take the chances rather than lie still and suffer from thirst, supineness, and want of all things. " Keep down ?" roared Major Skinner at a man who seemed bent on making a target of himself. " Tell John Meramble to stop putting his head over," said Colonel Mac kenzie, "or he -will get it knocked off." Harvey Pease, of Company H, straightened himself up and essayed to walk, but was struck in the head before he had taken five steps, and fell like a log. Matthias Walter, of Company D, was wounded in the thigh by a sharpshooter. John Grieder, of D, received a fatal wound in the thigh from a piece of 3-inch shell. Corpo ral Disbrow, of H, was hit in the shoulder ; and other casual ties occurred, until there were eleven in all. There was no getting to the rear until zigzag passages v e.-e dug, and then the wounded were borne off. A new relief of pickets had gone on just before daybreak, and each man was notified to have two canteens of water, because they must remain until • night. Reader, do you like to drink warm water ? Then enlist in the next war, and stay twelve hours in a hole in the ground, without shelter from the fierceness of a Virginia sun in June, -with bullets passing two feet above your head, with dead bodies broUing all around you, and with two tin canteens of muddy water. "But couldn't they get out if they jf ere 76 SECOND CONNECTICUT sick ?¦' No, my innoceut friend, not even if they were Iwmemh And what is worse, they had no ice, no night-shirts, no shoe- blacking ; and to complete their misery, they were completely destitute of finger-cups and napkin rings ! The day wore on, and welcome darkness came at last, giving us a chance to stand erect. Our occupation continued during the night and the next day, — the regiment being divided into two reUefs, the one off duty lying a little to the rear, in a com field near Harrison's house. But it was a question whether "off" or "on" duty was the more dangerous. During the day* Colonel Mackenzie directed his staff officers to occupy separate shelter tents, and to leave him in one by himself, in order to diminish the " chances " of injury. When one of them looked into his tent an hour afterward, he pointed to a hole through his straw hat, remarking that if anyone else had been there, somebody would have been hurt. Frequent shells came just overhead and jslunged into the cornfleld behind us. Company E had a man. killed, and K had several wounded. A 3-inch shell struck right among the boys of Company H, and threw dirt into their coffee, but did not explode. The only shot that was ever unmistakably meant lor the author of this history, so far as he knows, was on that day. There was a weU in front of Harrison's house, covered by a roof which was supported by four posts. The writer was sitting and drinking -with his head leaning against one of these posts, when a musket ball buried itself -with a ^Hunk" in the wood, just about four inches too high to prevent the writing of thia history, I have ever since had some desjre to see that well. If the post is still there, I am quite sure it contains lead. At eight in the evening we were reUeved by the Eighth * June 31, 1864, HEAVY ARTILLERY. 77 Connecticut, and there saw the brave and noble Lieutenant Seth F. Plumb, of that regiment, for the last time. Mo-ving by the left-in-front, (wliich, by the way, was the order of march all the way from Spottsylvania to Petersbm-g,) we crossed the City Point Railroad, passed Grant's Headquarters, and marched by a semi-circular route toward the east, south east, south and west, until three in the morning, when we bivouacked, not much farther from Petersburg than before. How can we march so far and yet go so little way ? was the question here, as it had been between the Tolopotomy and Cold Harbor. At eight o'clock in the morning* we entered the woods, and after sundry- moves and hajts, came to a square, open fleld, surrounded on all sides by thick woods, where the brigade was disposed in two lines. An officer and twenty men were immediately sent out by Mackenzie, with orders to push into the woods directly in front, and flnd the left of the Second Corps pickets. They were soon found,, and the Une was exfencled from the left by details from our regiment. Upton and Russell were both out in the jungle on foot, to see the connection made. Soon afterward, the flrst line of the brigade, which contained our regiment, was advanced into the dense wood, perhaps two hundred yards, — ^the second line being not far behind ; and a few minutes later, the pickets were engaged in a sharp skirmish with Hill's rebel division close in our front, which resulted in a loss to the Second Con necticut of six kiUed, seven wounded, (several of them mor tally,) and six missing, — some of whom were afterward heard from at AndersonviUe, Mackenzie had two fingers shot off and afterward amputated. A good deal of maneuvering fol lowed, which was difficult to imderstand. We retired to the * June 33, 1«64. 78 SECOND CONNECTICUT open lot, moved about a regiment's length to the right, and advanced again, somewhat further than before, into a wilder ness of woods, bushes, brambles, and vines, so thick that a man could hardly see his neighbor. This position became a permanent picket line, while the main line was established the next day* along the open field in the rear, aud daily strength ened until it became impregnable. Here, as at Cold Harbor, there was no telUng where we were untU the day after the fight, KeUogg, Wadhams, and the multitude who fell -(vith them on the 1st of June, never knew that they fell at " Cold Harbor," — indeed, most of them never heard that name, which has since become so.famiUar to their survi-ving friends. And so with the victims aud the survivors of June 33d. Pine woods, with a jungle of undergrowth, extended to an unknown distance iu every direction, and the only data from which any sort of reckoning could be made, were the sun and the moon and the firing. Time revealed the fact that we were about three miles south of Petersburg, and a mile east of the Weldon Raih-oad, which the enemy held. Here, then, the Army of the Potomac settled down to stay. The Uttle barricade of rails where Knight, Hempstead, Guern sey, and many others had found their deaths, grew day by day into breastworks, parallels, batteries, and mighty forts, which all the artillery of the world could not shake. The enemy began to fortify with equal strength, and henceforth there was more digging than fighting. The seventeen days foUowmg the 23d of June furnished several episodes which might have grown (but happily did not) into events that would have required a chapter instead of a few lines, — such, for example, as moving out on the night of the 23d, and massing for a * June 23, 1864, HEAVY ARTILLERY. 79 charge ; building breastworks all night on the 34th ; marching to Reams' Station on the SOth, to support troops that were tearing up eight miles of track ; and being under arms before daylight, on the 6th of July, in anticipation of an attack. Nevertheless, these were days of comparative rest, quiet, aud comfort. Camps were regularly laid out, and well policed. The band and drum corps encamped with the regiment, which was an infallible sign that danger had evacuated. Each com pany dug a well in the clay, and provided it with an old fashioned " sweep ;'' — and inasmuch as the deepest well drained all the rest, they were constantly scooping out deeper and deeper. The commissary wagons came up, and rations consisted ol hardtack, salt pork, coffee, sugar, potatoes, pepper, salt, and rice. The sutlers also — those noble patriots — drew near, and the solcUers renewed their almost forgotten acquain tance with sardines, bologna, boUvars, condensed milk, (sixty cents per can,) canned fruits, and a kind of bog hay tea, which, after all, was tea. The region abounded in young pmes, from one to three inches in diameter, and every man had a bedstead constructed of these pine "poles," while the long, needle- shaped pine leaves made bedding which, if not luxurious, was certainly better than none. And thus the Second Connecticut Heavy Artillery played its part on the theater of war, until a sudden bugle blast on the night of the 9th of July anno-anced a shifting of the scene. 80 SECOND CONNECTICUT CHAPTER vm. WASHINGTON, SNICKBB's GAP, AND WASHINGTON AGAIN. Hai-k I Wasn't that the pack-up call ? This was the inquiry, mental or audible, throughout camp about ten o'clock on the evening of July 9th. The men had betaken tiiemselves to their pine " poles," and were just drop ping off to sleep, when a bugle note sounded tlirough the woods. Was it from our Brigade Headquarters, or some cav alry camp in the neighborhood ? There it is again ! It is pack-«p ; and to leave no doubt of it, up rides Captain Roome, the new Assistant Adjutant General of the Brigade, to Colonel Hubbard's quarters, and says, " Colonel, you 'wiU move out immediately by your right. Follow the One Hundred and Twenty-first,'' " Take everything ?" inquires the Colonel. "Tes, everything. We are going to City Point," is the reply. In half an hour we were on the road, in darkness and dust, toward City Point. And such dust ! The soil had been pul verized and re-pulverized by the immense travel and dry weather, UntU it seemed resolved into its ultimate atoms. It was not dust. It was something finer. One step of a horse's foot in it would raise a cloud of eight thousand cubic feet. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 81 which would hang suspended in the stiU air for an hour. It may be judged, therefore, what sort of a " dust " was raised by a division of flve thousand men, with artiUery, ambulances, baggage wagons, fleld and staff horses, pack mules, and what not ; and what sort of diet was thereby furnished for the lungs. Just before starting. Companies B, D, and H were made happy by orders to remain, and report in the morning to General Htmt, Chief of ArtiUery. But the order was counter manded in half an hour, and the three companies trudged on in dust and sorrow, after the regiment. Colonel Abbott had been trying hard, (so it was said.) ever sinc« the investment of Petersburg, to get our regiment transferred to his command ; but this order and counter order was the nearest we ever came to hea-yy guns after leaving, the Defences. Oh, woful paradox ! ¦While we were the Nineteenth Infantry, we handled mortars, howitzers, and hundred pounders ; but the Second ArtiUery used no weapons, from Spottsylvania to Lee's surrender, but their muskets and walking apparatus. " 'Where's your horses ?" banteringly asked an F man one day of the First Maryland dis- motmted cavalry, whom we were passing. " They have gone to fetch up your heavy guns," was the pungent reply. The laugh was palpably at the expense of the " foot artillerist." Moming* found us — the First and Second Divisions of the Sixth Corps, perhaps twelve thousand men in all, — embarking at City Point as fast as the transports could get up to the dock, load, and move off. And it takes longer to ship that number of men by regiments than most ci-viUans would sup pose. While waiting, the opportunity for a wash was eagerly siezed, — and City Point, for one day at least, had more bathers than Long Branch or Newport. Officers who had any money * July 10, 1864. g2 SECOND CONNECTICUT bought a new shirt, threw away the old one, and came out in paper coUars " so galliant and gay." Colonel Mackenzie now re-appeared, with . rag around his abbreviated fingers, and took command. Our picket detail, which had been left behind, and were on duty aU night, ignorant of our departure, made a forced march when at last reUeved, and arrived at two P, M,,— soon after which the regiment was gliding down the James, on the "City of Albany," How comfortable, how luxurious it was to be moving without the labor of marching, without dust, without the incessant command to " close up," and without having to carry one's weapons, house, beddmg, food, drink, and cooking utensils ! And yet, if a person unac quainted with any except the Hudson River style of steamboat travel, had attempted to go from one end of our boat to the other, he would have wondered where the comfort was. He would have trodden upon the limbs, or kicked oaths out of the heads, of more than a hundred soldiers. But what was the destination and object of this movement down the James ? General Jubal Early had suddenly appeared with a rebel army, of unknown numbers, on the Potomac, destroyed a por tion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, carried consternation into Pennsylvania and exchanged it for beef and horses, over whelmed Wallace at Monacacy, cut the railroad between Washington and Baltimore, and was marching straight for the Capital, which was defended by almost nothing except hun dred-days men, whose tei-m of service was just expiring. This movement, then, was to head him oft'. And it was none too soon ; for while we were steaming down the James and up the Chesapeake, Jubal's infantry were within six miles of the Capitol, All the world except om-selves knew that the Third HEAVY ARTILLERY. 83 Division of the Corps had preceded us by a day or two, and that a portion ofit had assisted Wallace at Monocacy in check ing the enemy's advance. We passed Alexandria just after sunrise of the 13th, reached Washington at six o'clock, and marched directly up Seventh Street, In order to understand how difficult it was for Company and Regimental Commanders to keep their men ia hand, the reader must contrast the toil and privations of the trenches at Petersburg, with the luxury, liberty, and whiskey of Washington. Straight up Seventh Street the column was driven, without looking to the right or left,— across the gazing Avenue, by the Post Office and Patent Office, and out to TenaUytown, -with only two or three very short rests. The rests were long enough, however, to reduce the number of men somewhat. Indeed, the miUtary genius of a Napoleon could not have taken a division from the foot of Seventh Street to Tenallytown in the heat of that day without loss. Such a task wonld almost have perplexed Mr, Pollard, the historical howler over the grave of the Lost Cause. Early was in front of Fort Stevens when we amved, and brisk firing was going on between his pickets and General Augur's hastily gathered tioops, -which consisted partly of hundred-days men, invaUd corps men, citizens, and clerks detailed from the government offices. A skirmish occurred just after dark, which resulted in a loss to our side of two hundred and eighty kUled and wounded, and a retreat of the enemy, -with equal loss. At ten in the evening the regiment marched two or three mUes up the road, by Fort De Russy, to Fort Kearney, and after much shifting, lay down on their arms to sleep. In the morning, Companies C and H were sent to man a battery, but returned in half an hour. Early had learned of the presence of the Sixth Corps, and also of the g4 SECOND CONNECTICUT Nineteenth, (Emory's,) which had opportunely arrived fi-om New Orleans ; ^nd he concluded not to capture the Capital and Capitol, Congress and Archives, Arsenal and Navy Yard, Lincoln and Cabinet, untU (as PoUard says,) " another and uncertain time." He had begun his retreat toward Snicker's Gap, and pursuit was instantly made by the Sixth and a di-yision of the Nineteenth Corps, under command of General Wright. Our brigade moved up the river at 3:30 P. M,, and bivouacked late in the evening near Potomac Cross Roads. Colonel Mackenzie began about this time to be disagreeable. He ordered Sergeant Soule to report to his Captain as a private for permitting Corporal Wheeler to go for a canteen of water ; and kept Company G standing at " attention " through one rest because some hungry patriot sang out "coffee." Next morning* we moved at half-past five, but not much progress was made for some hours, on account of a handful of rebel cavalry who annoyed our advance and covered the enemy's retreat. Two of them were captured. But after noon the pace was ciuickened, and it being intensely hot, the march was very severe. Mackenzie stormed at the Company Com manders on account of the straggUng, but it was no use. The men fell out incessantly. At seven in the evening we were only two hours behind the greybacks, whose rear guard, as we learned from citizens, had skirmished over that region during the afternoon. The Commissary wagons, which had foUowed on from Washington, came up at PoolesviUe, where we remained thirty hours. Rebel orders were found here, among the rubbish of their deserted camps, detailing men to thresh wheat. Here, too, the di-vision -witnessed the hanging of a deserter and spy from the Sixty-seventh New York. On » July 14, 1864. HEAVY ABTILLEllY. 8S the 16th we forded the Potomac at Edwards' Ferry, and after marching through Leesburg and a mile beyond, encamped in plain sight ofthe rebels. Dm-ing this entire march they kept moving as fast as we approached, manifesting little or no dis position to dispute our progress ; and there was a delay in the pursuit which Mr, Greeley, in his History of the American Conflict, characterizes as " timid and feeble." It was certainly neither timid nor feeble after Ricketts came up with his (Third) Division, on the 17th. Startmg before sunrise, the entire force moved.aU day and had nearly aU passed through Snicker's Gap at sunset. The top of the Blue Ridge, over hanging the Gap, afforded an exceUent position for counting our troops, and several rebels, thus occupied, were captured. As we reached the middle of the Gap, we caught our flrst gUmpse of the beautiful Shenandoah VaUey, vrith whicli we were destined, before long, to have an intimate and bloody acquaintance. Lively artillery firing could be seen upon a knoll a couple of miles to the west, and sharp musketry heard to the right of it. We cleared the Gap, filed to the right into a bUnd, steep, and narrow deflle, which suddenly became almost impassably blocked by troops who had been driven by the enemy, and were in confused retreat. Ha-ving forced a passage through them, we reached an open fleld sloping to the Shenandoah river, and encamped. Nothing remarkable occurred the next day, except an issue of three days' rations, including beans and dried apples, vrith iastructions to make them last five days. On the 30th, we forded the Shenandoah, — which was about fom- feet deep, and as wide as the Housa- tonic at New Milford, — and moved toward BerryviUe, left in front. The Second Connecticut was the advance regiment of the advance brigade, and a portion of it was deployed as 86 SECOND CONNECTICUT skirmishers, and marched through the fields paraUel with the column, and about forty rods on the right of it. Few of the reo-iment will ever forget the shower that soaked us that day, A halt was made in the woods not far from Berry-ville, and foraging parties detailed, who secured a large quantity of bacon, vegetables, and meal. There must have been some conflict or misunderstanding in the foraging orders, for Lieu tenant Warren Alford, who was on his way to camp with several head of cattle and a barrel of flour, was dfrected by General Russell to take them back where he found them. Cavalry scouts reported no enemy -nitlun eight mUes ; and at midnight the column moved eastward. The river was forded again, by bright moonUght, and the Gajj passed before day. It seems to have been the presumption (an erroneous one) that Early, having succeeded in decoying a large army into the Valley on a wild goose chase, was now hurrying back to Petersburg, to enable Lee to strike a hea-vy blow at Grant before the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps could be moved back to City Point. This, then, was the explanation of our return through Snicker's Gap. r The march back to Washington was severe enough to be called a forced march. Moseby's guerillas were close upon our rear, and although straggling was continually punished by rail-carrying, yet a vast number of stragglers were " gob bled " by the enemy, and doubtiess found their way to Ander sonviUe or some other prison. Tenallytown was reached, by way of Chain Bridge, on the 23d ; and the stiff, lame, sore, tired, hungry men found thirty-six hours' rest, new clothing, new shoes, soft bread, and surreptitious whiskey,— for aU of which theywere truly thankful ;-also cross-cannon to adorn their hats,-for which they would have been more thankful if Heavy artillery, 87 this brazen badge had not been, to them, such a bitter mockery ! But suddenly it seemed as though the cross-cannon were to be no longer a mockery. The powers at Washington had been pretty well shaken up by the thunder of the enemy's guns at the gates of the Capital, and they resolved that the Sisth and Nineteenth Corps should not embark for Petersburg again without leaving at least a few troops to reinforce the invalids and hundred-days men. For this purpose the Second Connecticut Heavy Artillery was detached fi-om the Sixth Corps, and ordered to report to General De Russy, at Arling ton. Good bye, Upton's Brigade ! We have followed your triangular flag, -with its red cross, through fire and .blood for sixty-six days, and there are not so many of us above ground as when we joined you at Spottsylvania. Good bye, boys of the Sisty-filth and One Hundred and Twenty-first New York, and the Nmety-fifth Pennsylvania. We have become attached to you, body and soul ; but it will not cost us a tear to have the lodily attachment broken ofl. Good bye, fellows ; hope you have got through the worst of it, and we too. The regiment moved* through Georgetown, across Aque duct Bridge, up to Fort Corcoran ; and by noon the companies were distributed at the same eleven forts which they had gar risoned for forty-eight hours before going to the fi-ont in May. The Ohio regiment of hundred-days men, which had relieved us in May and was still there, with its gawky officers, moved out and turned over its comfortable barracks, bunks, cook houses and light duties, to those who were able to appreciate them. * July 2.1, 1864. SECOND CONNECTICUT CHAPTER IX. marching and COUNTERMARCHING. Chief Justice. — I hear you are going with Lord John of Lancas ter, against the Archbishop, and the Earl of Northumberland. Falstaff.— Tea ; I thank your pretty sweet wit for it. There is not a dangerous action can peep out his head but I am thrust upon it. I were better to be eaten to death with rust, than to be scoured to nothing with perpetual motion. — King Henkt IV. Part Second. If the Sixth Corps had gone to Petersburg, as was expected, the Second Connecticut Artillery would probably have re mained henceforth in the Defences of Washington untU the close of the war. But it was now discovered that Early, instead of returning to reinforce Lee at Petersburg, had faced about at Berryville, as soon as we had ceased chasing him, and attacked the troops under Crook, in the neighborhood of Win chester. Crook was defeated and driven into Maryland, and Early again stood defiantly on the Potomac, ready to can-y the war into Pennsylvania, and " connect " with the northern wing of the rebellion, (which was eagerly waiting an opportu nity to rise in arms against the government,) or to descend again on Baltimore and Washington. So the Sixth -and Nine teenth Corps, after lying at Tenallytown three days, moved — not southward, but northward. And the Second Heavies— weU, it came a little harder than anything they had experi enced hitherto. Their stay in those eleven forts in May had ©APTAHKl IFBESSBaeiX BSo [gSlSBYa KEAVY ARTfLLEKY. 89 been short enough, — ^but that in July was shorter. The men who had rolled into those cosy bunks with the declared in tention of " sleeping a week, steady," were on their cursing way through Tenallytown again in twenty-four houis, march ing with accelerated puce toward Frederick, to overtake the brigade of the red cross, to which they had so lately bidden an everlasting adieu. Oh bitter cup ! The Corps was overtaken the next day* between Rockville and Frederick; and we proceeded in search of Early and his rebels, whose whereabouts were very movable. We crossed the Potomac at Harper's Ferry by pontoons on the 29th of July, and encamped at Halltown, just behind Bolivar Heights. But lest we should become weary of staying at one place too long, the entire force, now augmented by Hunter's and Crook's commands, was headed eastward the next day, and again moved through that wonderfiil notch eut for the pas sage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge. Our regiment was for a short time halted on the very top of Bolivar Heights where the nature of the position afforded an unobstructed riew ofthe entire force, in three columns, mo-ving in from the west and converging on the Heights. It was a grand specta cle, and -wiU always be remembered by those who beheld it. Probably no other occasion dnring the war presented so large a number of moving troops to a single glance of the eye. After lying in the steep streets of Hai-per's Perry until mid night, waiting for other divisions to cross the pontoon, we got under way, ancl after a march not so hard as usual — ^bnt still hard enough, — encamped on the 3d of August on the north bank of the Monocacy, about four miles south of Fred erick City. It was the pleasantest camping ground we had * July 27, 1864. " 6 90 SECOND CONNECTICUT ever seen. The clear, sparkling river, ran along the lower edge of it, and the surrounding woods abounded ki sapUngSj poles and brush, for which soldiers can always find so many uses. Regular camp calls were instituted, company and bat taUon drills ordered, and things began to assume the appear ance of a stay. Indeed, soldiers might very reasonably look ior a considerable stay, when time could be found to indulge in a military funeral ; after so many officers and men had been buried without funeral, coffin, shroud, or audible word of prayer. The occasion was the death of an officer belonging to the di-rision; the full brigade was in attendance, and a sermon was preached by our chaplain, Rev. Winthrop H. Phelps. But it was only forty-eight hours before the blast of the brigade bugle blasted all hopes of permanency on the Monoc acy, At ten o'clock on the night of August Sth, the unweleome note echoed through the camp, and at once the brigade packed up, fell in., forded the river, and moved oft through woods and darkness, no one knew whither, — untU the morning Ught revealed, in the distant foreground, the well known notch in the Blue Ridge that marks the locality of Sandy Hook and Harper's Ferry, The meaning of this move was, that Major General Sheridan had been appointed to take command of the Middle Military Division, and was concentrating his forces in the vicinity of Halltown, three miles south of Har per's Ferry, preparatory to active (yes, very active) operations against the impudent Early, who was already advancing again into the north, and had just burned the town of Chambers burg, Of course this concentration of union troops compelled a similar movement on the part of the enemy ; — and two large and compact armies now faced each other at Halltown. The HEAVY AUTlLtERY. 91 eitUation, both in a miUtary and a political view, was hardly less important to both sides, and interesting to all the watch ing world, than that at Petersburg. There, Grant and Lee looked each other in the eye; — here, Sheridan and Early. Lineohi had already been re-nominated, and it was above all things the desire of the rebel authorities at Richmond to win decisive victories and successfully invade the northern states m time to prevent his re-election in November. His defeat at the polls would certainly have been the defeat of our armies, and the triumphant establishment of the rebel government. It was not difficult, therefore, to foresee ugly work in the Shenandoah VaUey. We reached Halltown and went into camp on the 8th of August. From this time until the 19th of September there was much drill, discipUne, re-organization, and bringing up of recruits and convalescents from the hospitals. There was also much shifting of position, marching, and skirmishing. On the 10th of August Sheridan moved his entire force toward Winchester, CUfton and Berryville, intending to fight the enemy somewhere near the locality of the engagement which took place on the 19th ofthe succeeding month. On the llth all the crossings of the Opequan were siezed, very much as they were on the subsequent occasion mentioned, — ^the Sixth Corps moving from Clifton to the crossing of the Berryville pike. But the enemy had retreated. Pursuit was instantly made up the valley pike through Keamstown, Newtown and Middletown, and on the next night our army lay on both sides of Cedar Creek, and the enemy's just north of Strasburg. At this point Sheridan learned, (through a despatch brought in great haste from Washington by Col. Chipman, who rode by way of Snicker's Gap, escorted by a regiment of cavalry, to 93 SECOND CONNECTICUT deUver it.) that Kershaw's Division of Longstreet's Corps, with twenty guns, and two brigades of Fitzhugh Lee's Cavalry, were on the way to re-infbrce Early. In consequence of this information we started back on the 16th of August toward Halltown, which Sheridan declared to afford the only defen sive line for a small against a larger force, in the Shenandoah Valley. Passing Clifton on the 17th we reached Flowing Spring, two miles south of Charlestown, on the 18th, and remained there until the night of the 31st. On the morning of the 31st, about nine o'clock, when preparations were making for a regtflar Sunday inspection, the enemy appeared very suddenly in front of the corps and drove iu our pickets. The Unes were instantly formed, and everything made ready for a general engagement, which it seemed as though the enemy, now greatly strengthened, had determined upon. But it did not take place, although obstinate skirmishing continued all day, and the men were kept in constant readi ness. At midnight we moved quietly back to HaUtown, the pickets of the enemy closely following. Forward again to Charlestown we went on the 38th, and to CUfton on the 3d of September, where we encamped and remained for two weeks, drilling and preparing for the grapple which was hidden in the immediate future. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 93 CHAPTER X. WINCHESTER. Thon Bprioging grass, that-art so green, Shalt soon be rosy red, I ween, My blood the hue supplying : — We'll drink the next glass, sword in hand. To him who for the fatherland Lies dying, lies dying. The official name of the engagement which this chapter recites, is -Opequanj-^fHe name ofthe river or creek which the entire army crossed to the attack. But inasmuch as the flghting was pushed to the gates of the city of Winchester, the rebels sent "whirUng through Winchester," and the wounded carried to Winchester,— the soldiers persist in caU ing it the Battle op WiSchester. At three o'clock on the mornuig of the 19th of September, the advance was in motion. Our brigade started from Clifton about daylight, and having struck the Berryville pike, moved flve or sixiniles toward Winchester, and halted for an hour about two miles east of the Opequan, while the Nineteenth Corps was crossing. The Cavalry had previously moved to secure all" the crosdngs, and firing was now heard all along the front, ahd continually increasing. The Sixth and Nine- teeiith Corps, foUowiag Wilson's Cavalry, Which fought the T^&y, crossed'at and near the pike bridge, our brigade wading 94 SECOND CONNECTlCtlT the stream a few rods north of it. West of the creek, the pike passed through a gorge over a mile long, from which the rebels had been driven by the cavalry. The Nineteenth Corps and a portion of our own had moved through it and formed a line of battle soule distance beyond, under a heavy artillery fire, When our division emerged from the gorge and filed to the left into a ravine that I'afl across the pike, where it was held in readiness as a reserve. This was about half past nine. The fighting now waxed hotter, louder, nearer: nevertheless, some of the men found time whUe their muskets Were stacked in this ravine, to dig potatoes from a neighbor ing field. At length the enemy made a -vigorous charge upon the center of the front line, at the point where the Third Brigade of the Seconrl Division joined the left of the Nine teenth Corps. The line broke, and retreated in complete disorder, each broken flank doubling and crowding back on itself, and making for tfle rear. The enemy pushed his ad vantage and came rolling into the breach. It was the critical moment of the day,— for if he had succeeded in permanently separating the two parts of the line, there would have been no possible escape from utter defeat for Sheridan's army. At this juncture General RusseU," who was watching from the rise of ground just in front of the ravine where his division lay, exclaimed, "Look here! it is about time to do something! Upton, bring on your brigade." The brigade was at once moved out of the ravine, passed through a narrow strip of woods, crossed the pike, halted for a moment in order to close and dress up compactiy, then went at a double quick by the right flank into the gap that had been made in the flrst Una, and made a short halt, just in rear of a piece of woods, out of Which the remnants of the Second and Third Divisions were IfEAVY ARTILLERY. 99 ttill retreating, and on thc other side of whicli was the advancing line of Rodes' and G«Jrdon's rebel divisions. The first fire that struck our brigade and regiment during the day was wliile coming to this position. General Russell was kiUed by a shell at the same time, having been previously wounded and refused to leave the fleld. It Was this move ment of our brigade that checked the enemy until the lines were restored and the two or three thousand fugitives brought back. Some of our men began to fife, but were quickly ordered to desist. After a Very few minutes the brigade was pushed forward, the left half of it being somewhat covered by woods, from which position it instanly opened a terrific flre, whUe the Second Connecticut, which constituted the right haU', passed to the right of the woods into an open fleld of Uneven surfece, and halted on a spot where the ground was depressed enough to afford a Uttle protection, and only a little ;'for several men were hit while lying there, as well as others while getting there, In three minutes the regiment again advanced, passed over a knoll, lost several more men, and halted in another boUoW spot similar to the first. The enemy's advance had now been pushed well back, and here a stay was made of perhaps two hours. Colonel Mackenzie rode slowly back and forth along the ri^e of ground in front of thia position, in a very reckless manner, in plain sight and easy range of the enemy, who kept up a fire from a piece of woods in front, which elicited from him tbe remark, " I guess those fellows will get tired of firing at me by and by." But the groimd where the regiment lay was very slightly depressed, and although the shots missed Mackenzie, they killed and wounded a large number of both officers and men behind him. Lieutenant Caudee merely raised himself frora the ground on 56 SECOND CONSECTICBU his elbow to look at his watch, but it was enough to bring hia head in range of a sh-arpshooter's ball, and he was instantly killed. About three o'clock, an advance of the whole Une having been ordered by Sheridan, the regiment charged across the fleld, Mackenzie riding some ten rods ahead, hold ing his hat aloft on the point of his saber. The distance to the woods was at least a quarter of a mUe, and was travei-sed under a flre that carried off its victims at nearly every step. The enemy abandoned the woods, however, as the regiraent approached, in consequence of which the Une obUqued to the left, and halted. Companies F and D were here detached and taken ofl to the right, on a small reconnoisance, but were soon brought back, and the regiment proceeded to the right of the woods and partly through them, and advanced to a rail fence ¦which ran along the side of an extensive fleld. Here, for the flrst time during the whole of this bloody day, did the regi ment have orders to fire ; and tor ten minutes they had the privilege of pouring an efiective fire into the rebels, who were thick in front. Then a flank movement was made along the fence to the right, followed by a direct advance of forty rods into the fleld. Here was the deadliest spot of the day. The enemy's artillery, on a rise of ground in front, plowed the field with canister and shells, and tore the ranks in a frightful manner. Major Rice was struck by a shell, his left arm tom off, and his body cut almost asunder. Major Skinner was struck on the top oi the head by a shell, knocked nearly a rod, with his face to the earth, and was carried to the rear insensible. General Upton had a good quarter pound of flesh taken out of his thigh by a shell, and was laid up for some weeks. Colonel Mackenzie's horse was cUt in two by a solid shot, which just grazed the rider's leg, and let him down to HEAVY ART1H.ERY. the ground very abruptly. Several other officers were also struck; and from .these instances, as well as from the ap» peuded Ust of casualties, some idea may be gained of the havoc among the enlisted men at this point. Although the reginient had been under flre and losing continuaUy from the middle ofthe forenoon until it was now almost sunset, yet the losses during ten minutes in tliis last fleld were probably equal to those of all the rest of the day. It was doubtless the spot referred to by the rebel historian PollSrd, when he says, "Early's artillery was fought to the muzzle of the guns.'' Mackenzie gave the order to move by the left flank, and a start was made ; but there was mo enduring such a fire, and the men ran back and lay down. Another attempt was soon made, and after passing a large oak tree a sheltered position was secured. The next move was directly into the enemy's breastwork. They had just been driven from it by a cavaby charge from. the right, and were in full retreat through the streets of Winchester ; and some of their abandoned artillery, which had done us so much damage, stood yet in position, hissing hot with action, with their miserable, rac-a-bone horses attached. The brigade, numbering less than half the muskets it had in the morning, was now got into shape, and after marching to a fleld in the eastern edge of the city, bivouacked for the -night, wTiite the pursuit roUed miles away up the valley pike. Roll qaU revealed the fact that the regiment had lost one hundred and thirty-six in killed and wounded,— fourteen of whom -were officers. Company A, out of its entire Ust of ofli cers and non-commissioned offieffl;^ had left only First Sergeant Henry WilUams, — who had eammand of the Company during nearly fhe whole of the .fight, — and two corporals. Ccximpanj gS SECOND CONNECTICUT H had three noble officers killed, including Caption Frederick M. Berry, of whom Colonel Kellogg once said that he was the most perfect offix:er, gentlmnan, and man, all tilings considered, in the regiment,- Companies A, B, and E suffered heavily; C and G stiU more ; and D, F, and I most erf all. But, unlike Cold Harbor or Petersburg, there was tictory to show for this fearful outlay. And it was the first cup of pal pable, unquestionable, unmistakable victory that the Second C'omiecticut, with all its marching sad fightirjg,- had ever tasted- In a war so vast, so protracted , sff sangnisai-y, and so com plex, as the war against the Slaveholders' Rebellion, it ia too much to claim that any one army corps, or any one battle, was indispensable ta the result, AikI yet, Ihe issue hang for a long time in so even a balance that tbe most far-seeing were in doubt ; and there must have been some particular event that turned the scale, "What event was it ? What day, what bat tle, and what particular iwove in that battle I Let tjs see if the Second Connecticut Heavy Artillery may not claim to have done at least as much as any other segment, toward making rebellion kick the beam. Those who have good memories -will agree that the crisis seemed to have come in the autumn of 1864, and that the Shenandoah VaUey was, to all human appearance, thg valley of decision. If Sheridan had been routed at Winchester, Early would have been across the Potomac at onee, marching miopposed upon Washington and Baltimore, which would assuredly have fallen into his hands. Gold would instantly have jumped to five hundred or fifteen hundred, and the war would have been what the Chicago Democratic Convention HEAVY ARTILLERY. 99 Lad just declared it to be — ^a failure. That is, it would have been a failure for the government of the United States, and a complete triumph for the domineering lords of the South, who would have established their Confederacy upon the ruins of the RepubUc. If Sheridan had been defeated at Winchester, there would of course have been no victory for him at Fisher's Hill, three days later, nor any at Cedar Creek, a month later : but on the contiary. Early would have been devastating the free states, and helping to defeat Lincoln.* At any rate, it ¦wUI be admitted that Sheridan's three -victories in the Shenandoah in 1864 — ^Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek — were at that time universally regarded as pre cursors, if not procurers, of Lincoln's re-election, and the overthrow of rebelUon. And time proved that they were. And now the question comes. What decided the battle of Winchester ? We had probably more men, while Early had the advantage of position and of the defensive. The contest lasted all day, and fortune certainly seemed at one time to favor Early. 'What brigade was it that snatched victory out of his hand ? We -wiU let Sheridan himself teU. Below will be found in ftiU his official report of the Battle of Winchester, which we present ¦without note or comment, except this, — that Upton's Brigade was composed of the One Hundred and Twenty-flrst New York, Sixty-fifth New York, Ninety-flve Pennsylvania, Second Connecticut Heavy ArtUlery, and a battery of four fleld pieces. The Second Connecticut, how ever, constituted fuUy one half of the brigade, — ^these other regiments being mere remnants, ha^ving been in every flght *JuBt before the battle of Cedar Creek, Early declared that he would be in Pennsylvania on election day, (Nov. 8,) or would be in hell. 100 SECOND CdNNECrrCTTT since the Army of the Potomac Crossed the Rapidan. The only Uberty We take with this report is to pUt a part of it in small capitals. REPORT MADE BT MAJOR GENERAL PHILIP H. SHERIDAN TO THE JOINT CONGRESSldNAL CONMITTEE ON THE CONDUCT OF THE WAR. At 3 o'clock on the moming of the 19th of September the army moved to "the attack. Torbert was directed to advance with Merritt's division of cavalry, from Summit Point, carry the crossings of Op6. quan creek, and form a junction at some point near Stevenson's depot with Averill, who moved from Darksville. Wilson was or dered to move rapidly up the Berryville pike, ft-om Berryville, carry Its crossing of the Opequan, and charge through the gorge or canon j the attack to be supported by the 6th and 19th corps, both of which moved across the country to the same -crossing of the Opequan. Crook moved aci-Oss the country tb be in reserve atthe same point. Wilson, with Mcintosh's brigade leading, made a gallant Charge through the long canon, and, meetmg the advance of Ramseur's rebel infantry diivlsion, drove it back and captured the earthwork at the mouth of the canon ; this movement was immediately follo-fved up by the 6th corps. The 19th corps was directed, for convenience of movement, to report to General Wright ou its arrival at Opequan creek. I followed up the cavalry "attack, ind Selected the ground fbr the formation of the 6th and 19th corps, which went into liue under a heavy artillery fire. A good deal of time was lost in this movement through the canon, and it was not till, perhaps, 9 o'clock a. m., that the order for^ the advance in line wasgiven. I had from early in the morning tecome apprised that I wonld have to engage Early's entire army, instead of two divisions, and determined to attack with the 6th and 19th corps, holding Crook's command as a turning column to use only when the crisis of the battle occurred, and that I would put him in on myleft, and StiU get the valley pike. The attack was therefore made by the 6th and 19th corps, iu very handsome style, and under a heavy flre from the enemy, who held a line which gave him the cover of slight brushwood and cornfields. The resistance during this attack was obstinate said, as tiiere -were no earthworks to protect, deadly to both sides. HEAVY A5RTILLERY. 101 The enemy, after the contest had been going on for some time, made a counter charge, striking the right of the 6th corps and left of tho 19th, driving back the centre of my line. It WAS AT THIS JUNCTURE THAT I ORDERED A BRIGADE OF RUS- SELL'S division of the 6th CORPS TO WAIT TILL THE ENEMY'S ATTACKING COLUMN PRESENTED ITS FLANK, THEN TO STRIKE IT WITH VIGOR. This was handsomely done, the brigade being LED BY General Russell and its commander, Upton, in per son ; the enemy IN turn was driven back, OUR LINE re-estab lished, AND most of the TWO OR THREE THOUSAND MEN WHO HAD GONE TO IHE REAR BROUGHT BACK. 1 Still would not order Crook in, but placed him directly in rear of the line of battle ; as the reports, however, that the enemy were at tempting to turn my right kept continually increasing, I was obliged to put him on that flank instead of the left, as was originally intended. He was directed to act as a turning column to find the left of the enemy's line, strike it iu fiank or rear, break it up, and that I wonld^ order a left half wheel of the line of battle to support him. In thia attack the enemy was driven In confusion from his position, and simultaneously with it Merritt and Averill, under Torbert, could be distinctly seen sweeping up the. Martinsburg pike, driving the ene-_ my's cavalry before them iu a confused mass through the broken infantry. I then rode along the line of the 19th and 6th corps, or dered their, advance, and durected Wilson, who was on the left flank, to push ou and gain the valley pike, south of Winchester; after which I returned to the right, where the enemy was still fighting with obstinacy in the open ground in front of Winchester, and ordered Torbert to collect his cavalry and charge, wliich was done Bimnltaneously with the infantry advance, and the euemy routed. In summing up his operations in the Valley, Sheridan after ward adds: At Winchestee, for a moment, the contest was uncertain, BUT the gallant ATTACK OF GENERAL UptON'S BRIGADE OF THE 6th corps RESTORED THE LINE OF BATTLE, UNTIL THE TURNING COLUMN OF CeOOK, AND IHeR^ITT'S AND AvBRILL'S DIVISIONS OF cavalry, under torbbet, " sent the bnemt whirling through Winchester." 103 SBCONiJ COKNECTTCU* CHAPTER XL fisher's hill. The mercury of loyal hope at Washington went up many degrees on the SOth of September, upon the receipt of the news from Winchester ; while the temperature at Richmond, — judging from those rebel thermometers, the "Enquirer," " Sentinel " and " Examiner," — underwent a corresponding sinking. The industrious Pollard, of the "Examiner," at tempted to alleviate the gloom and dismay of the rebel capital by belaboring Dame Rumor, after the manner of Virgil and Shakespeare- His vigorcras cudgeling of that noisy female Who from the orient to the drooping west. Making the wind her post-horse, still unfolds The acts commenced on this ball of earth, — Upon whose tongue continual slanders ride, made excellent reading for the union soldiers when it came to hand, but did not raise the value ot Confederate notes, even in the smallest degree. The rebel papers were all compelled to admit that Early had been som.ewhat unsuccessful at Win chester, but claimed that he had inflicted a loss on Sheridan at least three times greater than he had himself sustauied, and had only "retired" to Fisher's Hill, which was the very Gibraltar of the VaUey;— a position so unpregnable. HEAVY ARTILLERY. lOS fthey said,) that all the armies of Yaukeedom could not dis lodge him. Little did they dream that their long-haired, bntternut-coated soldiers would be sent packing thei-efrom in forty-eight hours. How it was done is set forth, without any poetry or paint, in the following report made by Sheridan to Congress : SHERIDAN'S REPORT OF THE BATTLE OF FISHER'S HILL, At daylight on the morning of the SOth of September the army moved rapidly up the valley pike in pursuit of the enemy, who had continued his r»ti«at during the night to Fisher's Hill, south of Strasburg. Fisher's Hill Is the blufl immediately south of and over a little atream called Tumbling river, and is a position which was almost impregnable to a direct assault, and, as the valley is but about three and a half miles wide at this point, the euemy felt himself secure on reachuig it, and commenced erecting breastworks across the valley from Fisher's Hill to North mountain ; so secure, in fact, did he con sider himself that the ammunition boxes were taken from the caissons and placed for convenience behind the bieastwork. Ou the evening of September SOth Wright and Emory went into position on the heights ol Strasburg; Crook, north of Cedar Creek; the cavalry to the right aad rear of Wright and Emory, extending to the back road. This night I resolved to use a turning column again, and that I would move Crook, unperceived, if possible, over on to the face of Little North mountain, an4 let hiro strilce the left and rear of the enemy's line, and then, if successful, make a left half wheel of the whole liue of battle to Jus support. To do this required much secrecy, as the enemy had n signal station ou Threetop mountain, from which bc could see every movement made by our trooiDS ; there fore, during the night of the Both, I concealed Crook in the timber north of Cedar Creek, where he reraained during the Slst. On the same day I moved Wright and Emory up in front of the rebel line, getting into proper position after a severe engagement between a portion of Kickett's and Getty's divisions of the 6th corps and a strong force of the enemy. Torbert, with Wilson's and Merritt's cavalry, was ordered down ihe Lnray valley in pursuit of the enemy's cavalry, and, after defeat- 104 SECOND CONNEGTIC^ ing or driving it, to cross over Luray pike to New Market and inter cept the enemy's infantry should I drive it from the position at Fisher's Hill. On the night ofthe 31st Crook was moved to and concentraied in the timber near Strasburg, and, at daylight on the 22d, marched to and massed in the timber near Little North mount.a®@F@B®= HEAVY ARTILLERY. 121 creased. The musket shots reverberated through the fog, and at last, " Whang ! ng-ng-ng '' went a piece of artiUery. And then another. And then a smart cannonading, and more musketry. It began to be the wonder why no orders came. But suddenly every man seemed to lose interest iu the right, and turned his inquiring eyes and ears towards the left. Rapid voUeys and a vague tumult told that there was trouble there. '' Fall in ! " said Mackenzie. The " Commissioners " looked wildly toward the right, then toward the left, then turned pale, and then advanced vigorously toward the rear. "Shoulder! Arms! Battalion! Left! Face! Pile Left! March! Double Quick ! March! " The brigade moved briskly ofi toward the east, crossing the track of other troops and batteries of artUlery which were hurriedly s-winging into position, while ambulances, orderlies, staff officers, camp fol lowers, pack horses, cavalrymen, sutlers' wagons, hospital wagons, and six-mule terms of every description came trun dling and galloping pell mell toward the right and rear, and making off toward Winchester. It was not a hundred rods from our owu camp to the place where we went mto position, on a road running north. General Wright, the temporary commander of the army, bareheaded, and with blood trickling from his beard, sat on his horse near by, as if bewildered, or in a brown study. The Sixty-Fifth New York was on our left, and then came the Second Division. The First Brigade,* (Penrose's,) was on the right of ours, and then came the Third Division, The ground was cleared in front of the road, and sloped off some thirty rods, to a stream, on the opposite side of which it rose for about an equal distance, to a piece of woods, Ul which the advance rebel Une had already taken * Also caUed the Jersey Brigade. 123 SECOND CONNECTICOT position. Truly does PoUard say that " a heavy fog favored them." The newly risen sun, huge and bloody, was on their side in more senses than one. Our line faced directly to the east, and we could see nothing but that enormous disc, rising out ofthe fog, while they could see every man in our Une, and could take good aim. The battalion lay down, and part of the men began to fire, — but the shape of the ground afforded little protection, and large numbers were killed and wounded. Four-fifths of our loss for the entire day occm-red during the time we lay here — ^which could not have been over flve min utes; — by the end of which time the Second Connecticut fouud itself in an isolated position, not unUke that at Cold Harbor. "Go and ask Penrose where he's going with tliat Brigade," — said Colonel Mackenzie to the'writer hereof. (The Jerseys had withdrawn from our right, and were moving directiy across our rear to the left, with Penrose on foot, some distance ahead of his line.) " Colonel Penrose ! Mackenzie wants to know where you are going with that Brigade." " I'm not goiug anywhere. I'm wounded ! "—was the ener getic reply,— which was carried to Colonel Mackenzie. Just then Lieutenant Cleveland rode up on a keen jump and said, " Colonel Mackenzie ! General Wheaton wants you to move directly to the rear by right of companies !" Mackenzie re plied, " My God ! I cannot ! This Une will break if I do," "Well," said Cleveland, pointing to the left,— "there goes the Sixty-Fifth, and the First Brigade is gone." A few seconds later, Mackenzie's horse, " old Pop," was struck square in the head, and after spinniog around two or three times on bis hind legs, went down — dead as a stone; and the Colonel, who had previously got a shot through the heel, went off over his head. The fog had now thianed away somewhat, and a HEAVY- ARTILLERY. 128 flrm rebel line, with colors full high advanced, came rolling over a knoll just in front of our left, not more than three hundred yards distant. " Rise up ! Retreat ! " said Macken zie, — and the battaUon began to move back. For a little distance the retreat was made in very good order, but it soon degenerated into a rout. Men from a score of regiments were mixed up in flight, and the whole corps was scattered over acres and acres, with no more organization than a herd of buft'aloes. Some of the wounded were carried for a distance hy their comrades who were at length compelled to leave them to their fate in order to escape being shot. About a mile from the place where the retreat commenced, there was a road running directly across the valley. Here the troops were rallied, and a sUght defence of rails thrown up. The regimental and brigade flags were set up as beacons, to di rect each man how to steer through the mob, and in a very few miuutes there was an effective Une of battle established. A few round shot ricocheted over head, making about an eighth of a mUe at a jump, — and a lew grape were dropped into a ditch just belund our line, quickly clearing out some soldiers who had crawled in there ; — but this was the extent of the pursuit, Mackenzie and HambUn now left for the hospital to have their wounds dressed, and the whole brigade, (and a very small brigade it was !) was deployed as skirmishers, under Colonel Olcott, of the One Hundred and Twenty-First New York. Three Unes of skirmishers were formed, and each in turn constituted the front line, whUe the other two passed through and halted ; and so the retreat was continued for about three miles, until a halt was made upon high ground, from which we could plainly see the Johnnies sauntering around on the very ground where we had slept. 124 SECOND CONNECTICUT It must have been after noon when we left that position, and moved eastward through the wood, by Sheridan's order, to join the Second Division, and meet the enemy. There has always been so much dispute as to whether Sheridan reaUy had anything to do with the afternoon formations, that it is best to give his own testimony in the matter. He says : At about 7 o'clock on the morning of the 19th October, an ofiicer ou picket at Winchester reported artillery firing, but, supposing it resulted from a reconnoissance which had been ordered for this morn ing, I paid no attention to it, and was unconscious of the true condi tion of affairs untU about nine o'clock, when, having ridden through the town of Winchester, the sound of the artillery made a battle unmistakable, and on reaching Mill creek, oue-haJf a mile south of Winchester, the head of the fugitives appeared in sight, trains and men coming to the rear with appalUng rapidity, I immediately gave directions to halt and park the trains at Mill creek, and ordered the brigade at Winchester to stretch across the country and stop all stragglers. Taking twenty men from my escort, I pushed on to the front, leaving the balance, under General Forsyth and Colonels Thom and Alexander, to do what they could in stem ming the torrent of fugitives, 1 am happy to say that hundreds of the men, who on reflection found they had not done themselves justice, came back with cheers. On arriving at the front, I found Merritt's and Custer's divisions of cavalry, under Torbert, and General Getty's division of the 6th corps, opposing the enemy, I suggested to General Wright that we would fight on Getty's line, and to transfer Custer to the right at onee, as he (Custer) and Merritt, from being on the right iu the moming, had been transferred to the left ; that the remaining two divisions of the 6th corps, which were to the right and rear of Getty about two mUes, Ehould be ordered up, and also that the 19th corps, which was on the right and rear of these two divisions, should be hastened up before the enemy attacked Getty, I then started out all my stafl oflicers to bring up these troops, and was so convinced that we would soon be attacked, that I went back myself to urge them on. Immediately after, I returned aud assumed command. General Wright returning to his corps, Getty to his diri- sion, and the line of battle was formed on the prolongation of General Getty's Une, and u, temporary breastwork of rails, logs, &c,, thrown HEAVY AETILLEEY. 135 up hastUy, Shortly after this was done, the enemy advanced, and from a point on the left of our line of battle I could see his columns moving to the attack, and at once notifled corps commanders to be prepared. This assault feU principaUy on the 19th corps, and was repulsed, I am pleased to be able to st.ate that the strength of the 6th and 19th corps, and Crook's command, was now being rapidly augmented by the return of those who had gone to the rear early in the day. Reports coming iu from the Front Royal pike, on which Powell's division of cavalry was posted — to the eflfect that a heavy column of infantry was moving on that pike in the direction of Winchester, and that he (Powell) was retiring and would come in at Newtown — caused me great anxiety for the time ; and although I could not fully believe that such a movement would be undertaken, stUl it delayed my gen eral attack. At i o'clock p, m. I ordered the advance. This attack was brilliantly made, and as the enemy was protected by raU breastworks, and at some portions of his line by stone fences, his resistance was very determined. His line of battle overlapped the right of mine, and by turning with this portion of it on the flank of the 19th corps, caused a slight momentary confusion. This move ment was checked, however, by a counter-charge of General McMil lan's brigade upon the re-entering angle thus formed by the enemy, and his flanking party cut ofl'. It was at this stage of the battle that Custer was ordered to charge with his entire di-rision, but, although the order was promptly obeyed, it was not in time to capture the whole of the force thus cut off, and many escaped across Cedar creek. Simultaneous with this charge, a combined movement of the whole line drove the enemy in confusion to the creek, where, owing to the difaculties of crossing, his army became routed. About two o'clock we were posted, iu two lines, ia the southwestern edge of a piece of woods, in front of which was an open, side-hiU fleld, at the top of which, along a stone waU, was the rebel skirmish line, while the main line was not a great distance back of it. Their assault had already been made, and repulsed by the Nineteenth Corps. About three o'clock, we could hear the cheering to the right, as Sheridan rode along the line, — ^but that personage did not get -within iSff SECOND CONNECTICUi' sight of our regiment. By this time Hamblin and Mackenzie' had returned to take part in the " left half wheel " which had been ordered. The lines moved forward over the ascending ground, under a galling but not very destructive flre from the rebel skirmishers, who soon gave up the stone wall to us, and- retreated on their main line, A square musketry flght -ivas kept up here for ten minutes, when the enemy left;: — not, however, before inflicting considerable dam.age on us. Here Colonel Mackenzie was again struck by a solid shot or shsU' which just grazed his shoulder, A remarkably large number of our officers were wounded at this point, but none fatally, nor even very severely, (In the morning the casualties among officers had been few and severe, — Hosford being killed, and Fenn and Gregory losing each an arm,) The enemy attempted to rally behind another fence, a" little further back, but after a moment or two gave it up and .'.'re tired." Not only in front ol our regiment, but all along as far as the eye could reach, both to the right and left, were they flying over the uneven country in precisely the same kind of disorder that we had exhibited in the morning. The shouts and screams of victory mingled with the roar of the firing, and never was heard So musical a discord, such sweet thunder. The sight of so many rebel heels made it a very easy thing to be brave, and the union troops pressed on utterly regardless of th'e grape and canister which, to the last moment, the enemy flung behind him. It would not have been well for them to have flred too much if they had had ever so good a chance, for they would have been no more Ukely to hit our men than their own, who were our prisoners, and scattered in sqtiads of twenty, squads of ten, and squads of one, all' ^Beavy artillery. 127 over the vast fleld. At one time they made a determined stand, along a ridge in front of our brigade. A breastwork of rails was thrown together, colors planted, a nucleus made, and both flanks giew longer and longer, with wonderful rapidity. It was evident that they were driving back their men to this line without regard to regiment or organization of any kind. This could be plainly seen from the ac^acent and similar ridge over which we were moving, — the pursuers being in quite as much disorder (so far as organizations were concerned,) as the pursued. That growing line began to look ugly, and somewhat quenched the ardor of the chase. It began to be a question in many minds whether it would not be a point of -wisdom to " survey the vantage of the ground " before getting much further. But just as we descended into the intervening hollow, a body of cavalry, not large, but com pact, was seen scouring along the flelds to our right and front hke a whirlwind, directly toward the left flank of that formid able liue on the hill. "When we reached the top there was no eaemy there ! They had moved on, and the cavalry alter them. Thus the chase was continued, from position to posi tion, for miles and miles, for hours and hours, — until darkness closed in, and every regiment went into camp on the identical ground it had left in such haste in the moming. Every man tied his shelter tent to the very same old stakes ; and in half an hour coffee was boiling and salt pork sputtering over thousands of camp flres. Civil Ufe may furnish better fare than the army at Cedar Creek had that night, but not better appetites ; for it must be borne in mind that many had gone into the flght directly from thefr beds, and had eaten nothing; fot twenty four hours. Sweep ou, you &t and greasy citizens,^- 138 SECOND CONNECTICUT no matter how stout your bank deposits are, those appetites were a greater luxury than you can buy. But why did they wait half an hour before getting under way with thefr supper? wOl perhaps be asked. Because it takes some time to flnd wood, on a cleared field where a body of men as large as the whole city of Waterbury are set down without any wood-pile or coal-bin, — and in the dark, too. And it takes some time to get water, where there are two hundred men over a well, and not a gill of water to a man. And it takes some time to draw and distribute rations, when details from every company in a whole brigade are crowding and jamming at the tail-board of two or three commissary wagons. Late in the evening, after many were sound asleep, the regiment was ordered to be formed in Une -without ai-ms. When the command to "fell in'' was heard, the general question was, " Well, old Jubal hasn't forgotten anything and come back after it, has he ? " The clause, " -without arms,'' however, showed that he had not ; although the soldiers ex pressed thefr perfect wilUngness to flght him in that way, if he found himself stUl unable to restrain his pugnacity. The line being formed, Captain Jones — ^now in command of the regiment — said, " Soldiers : — I have just received a despatch from General Sheridan's Head-quarters which announces that we have this day taken not less than two thousand prisoners, forty-seven guns and caissons, a large number of battle-flags, all the wagons and suppUes taken from us this morning, be sides horses, mules, wagon trains and material of aU kinds in unknown quantities; and that our victory is complete. I now propose three cheers for Sheridan, ourselves, our army, and the Union ! " They were given with indescribable heartiness. HEA-VY ARTILLEKY. 129 whOe all the camps far and near joined in full chorus. The battalion was dismissed, and thus ended the day that had witnessed a battle which was, in many respects, without a paraUel in ancient or modern history. I said that every man tied his shelter tent to the same old stakes. Alas ! not every man. The victory at Cedar Creek was no exception to the rule that every human good must be born out of sorrow. The killed, wounded and missing of the Sixth Corps were two thousand two hundred and flfteen, of which the Second Connecticut had its full share. Men from every Company started out, the flrst thing after reaching camp, to look for our dead and wounded, many of whom lay not fifty rods off. The sUghtly wounded who had not got away, had been taken prisoners and sent at once toward Richmond, — whUe the severely wounded had lain all day ou the ground, near where they were hit, while the tide of battle ebbed and flowed over them. Some of the mortally wounded were just able to greet thefr returning comrades, hear the news of -victory, and send a last message to their friends, be fore expiring. Corporal Charles M, Burr, of Company E, went into the flght -with Company B, (his own Company being on picket,) and was shot above the ankle, just after the battaUon had risen up and started to retreat. Both bones of his leg were shattered, and he had to be left. In a few minutes the rebel battaUon which I have already mentioned came directly over him in pursuit, and was soon out of his sight. Then, being alone for a short time, he pulled off the boot from his sound leg, put his watch and money into it, and put it on again. Next, a merciful rebel lieutenant came and tied a handkerchief around his leg, stanching the blood. Next came the noble army of stragglers and bummers, with the question, 130' SECOND CONNECTICt/T '' Hello, Yank, have you got any yankee notions about you ? " at the same time thrusting their hands into every pocket. They captmed a little money and small traps, but seeing one lioot was spoiled, they did not meddle with the other. Next came wagons picking up nliTskets and a-ccoutrements, which lay thick all over the ground. Then came ambulances and picked up the rebel wounded, but left ours. Then came a citizen of the Confederacy, asking many questions ; and then came three boys, who gave him water. And thus the day wore along until the middle of the afternoon, when the tide of travel be gan to turn. The noble army of stragglers and bummers led the advance, — theu the roar of battle grew nearer and louder and more general, — then came galloping officers and all kinds- of wagons, — then a brass 12-pounder swung round close to hira-,- unlimbered, fired one shot and whipped off again, — then came- the routed infantry, artillery and cavalry, all mixed togethep,- all on a full run, and strewing the ground with muskets and' equipments. Then came the shouting " boys in blue," — and" in a few minutes Pat, Birmingham came up and said, " Weil,- Charley, I'm glad to find you aUve, I didn't expect it. We're' back again in the old camp, and the Johnnies are whipped all to pieces," Captain Benjamin F, Hosford was shot in the morning through the head, and instantly kiUed, His brother and other meu of Company D carried the body about half a mile on the retreat, and were, compeUed to leave it there. At night it was found that the rebels had taken a ring from his finger, the straps from his coat, and the shoes from his feet. Corporal Henry L, VaUl, of Company C, -svas found alive, sti-ipped of everything, and so were many others. The next day the dead were buried, the wounded more flEAVY ARTILLERY. iSl thoroughly cared for, the Morning Report Books straightened out, the extent of loss ascertained, and lists of casualties for warded to brigade head-quarters. Company D mustered only nineteen muskets, and its commanding officer was Sergeant Hough. ^The other companies were reduced to nearly the same extent. The loss in officers was so great that for a few days there were but six officers on duty -with twelve companies; while Uttle short soldiers who had always been at the left end of the companies, suddenly found themselves corporals and sergeants. We remained at Cedar Creek until the 9th of November, when, on account of the scarcity of wood, and the long distance from our base at Harper's Perry, the army was moved to Camp RusseU, near Kearnstown, about four miles south of Winchester, where it remained until the 2nd of December. The Morning Report for November SOth showed three hundred and seventy-nine men and seventeen officers present for duty, and the regiment was recruited daily both ia numbers and condition. Jubal occasionally came up to the front and barked, but there was no more bite in him. Thanksgiving day brought a turkey dinner and no drill, — two very uncommon luxuries; — and with regular mails, fair rations, good night rests, and stone chimneys, the army set tled down in comparative comfort, the chief ingredient of which was the conviction that there was to be no more fight ing in the Valley of the Shenandoah. And there never was-. 133 SECOND CONNECTICUT CHAPTER Xni. PETERSBURG AGAIN. Now that the rebels had been thrice defeated in the VaUey, and Lincoln re-elected, there remained neither any miUtary nor poUtical temptation for another invasion of the northern states. It was absolutely certain that it would not be agam attempted ; and therefore the. Sixth Corps was ordered to City Point again. On the 1st of December 'Wheaton's Division marched to Stephenson's Depot and took the cars for Wash ington, arriving at daylight the next morning. From the Baltimore depot we marched straight to the river and went aboard. Some few, however, marched crooked. It was rather difficult to get horses across the plank, and stiU more so to get some of the men across. But at length it was done, and the division steamed dovra the river, — our regiment on the Massachusetts, Mackenzie and (Brigade) staff on the Winona, Wheaton and staff on the Idaho. Arriving in front of Alex andria, the boats came to anchor, and lay in tantalizing sight of that town for twenty-four hours, — which the men considered a criminal waste of time^ They could have done a great many " errands," and occupied the time usefully, or at least enjoya- bly, if they could have got ashore ; but it was probably feared HEAVY ARTILLERY. 133 that all would not get aboard again iu time, (and they probor- bly would not,) — therefore this Soldier's Paradise was kept at a distance which lent not so much enchantment as impatience to the view. On the 3d, other transports had received thefr loads and the fleet moved on — but toward what destination nobody knew. That information had not even been vouch safed to regimental commanders ; and Lieut. Colonel Hubbard was in the same boat -with his men, both UteraUy and flgura- tively. Opinion was divided between WUmington and City Pouit, with the odds in favor of the latter place ; and many were on the watch when we were off' Fortress Monroe, to decide the point. Suddenly the tiUer was put hard to star board, and the question was settled. It was City Point. We landed on the 4th, encamped over night a mile fi-om the Landing, and the next morning took the cars on " Grant's Raifroad " for Parke Station. And where, pray, was " Parke Station ? " There was no such town in this region last July, and there is no such town on the map of Vfrginia. Perhaps not ; but there was such a place on Grant's Raifroad, and an immense freight and passenger business was done there tod. It was on almost the very spot where we had skirmished, and buried Colt of P Company and Hyatt of K Company on the 22d of last June. Then, it was an unbroken forest. Now, hundreds of acres were cleared, and dotted with camps. A corduroy road ran by, and a telegraph, and Grant's Railroad. No other such raifroad was ever seen before, or ever will be again. It was laid right on the top of the ground, without any attempt at grading, and you might see the engine and the rear car of a long train, while the middle of the traia would be in a valley, completely out of sight. Having reached Parke Station, we moved to a camp near Battery Number 134 SECOND CONNECTICET Twenty-Seven, and went into the snug and elegant little log houses just vacated by the Ninety-Fourth New York, who were about starting -with thefr corps, (the Fifth) and part of the Second Corps, on a movement toward the left for the pur pose of destroying more of the Welden Railroad. This was a new kind of situation for the " Second Heavies." The idea of being behind permanent and powerful breastworks, defended by abbattis, ditches and what not, with approaches so difiicult that ten men could hold flve hundi-ed at bay, was so novel that the men actually felt as if there must be some mistake, and that they had got into the wrong place. On the afternoon of the 9tb, the First and Thfrd Divisions of the Sixth Corps were marched to the left, beyond the permanent lines, and off in the direction of the Weldon Rail road, to prevent any attack on the Fifth and Second Corps, now returning from their expedition. After going about six miles we halted for the night, in a piece of woods. It was bitter cold when we left camp, but soon began to moderate, then to rain, then to sleet ; — so that by the time we halted, every thing was covered with ice, with snow two inches deep on the ground, and still sifting down through the pines. It was the work of an hour to get flres going, — but at last they began to take hold, and fuel was piled on as though it did not cost any thing. Clouds of steam rolled out of the soaked gar ments of the men, as they stood huddled around the roaring, crackling piles, — and the black night and ghostly woods were Ughted up in a style most wonderful. It was a grander pic ture than Lentze or Bierstadt ever conceived. And the price of admission was very reasonable indeed, — only flfteen dollars a month, and refreshments thrown in. The storm continued aU night, and many a man waked up next morning to fin(J HEAVY ARTILLERT. 135 his legs flrmly packed in new-fallen snow. And yet, sleeii was sweeter there Thau in the perfumed chambers ofthe great. Under the canopies of costly state. And InUed with sounds of s-weetest melody; — for weariness is -what gives sleep its flnest flavor. At daylight orders came to pack up and be ready to move at once ; which was a difficult order to execute, on account of many things, especially the shelter tents; — for they were as rigid as sheet- iron, and yet had to be rolled up and strapped on the knap sacks. Nevertheless, it was not long before the regiment was in motion ; and after plodding off for a mile to the left, a line of battle was formed, vedettes sent out, trees felled and breast works built, and at dinner time the men were aUowed to build fires and cook breakfast. Then after standing until almost night in the snow, which had now turned to slush, the column was headed homeward. Upon arriving, it was discovered that some of the Jersey Brigade had taken possession of our log snuggeries, and that thefr officers had established their heels upon the mantels in our officers' quarters, and were smoking the pipes of comfort and complacency, as though they had not a trouble in the world, and never expected to ' have. But they soon found that possession is not nine points of military law, by any means. An order from Di-vision Head quarters soon sent them profanely packing, — and the Second Heavies occupied. From this time untU the 6th of Feln-uary, the regiment had no flgliting to do, and no very startling experiences of any kind. Some mention, however, ofthe more noteworthy occur rences of this period will be acceptable, at least to my soldier 13'6 SECOND CONNECTICUT readers ; and it wiU perhaps be weU to tianscribe them direct from some of the diaries in my possession. The following entries are copied, mostly without alteration, fi-om the diaries of several officers and men, besides my own, Dec, 11, Twenty-nine convalescents returned. Dec. 12. Fifty convalescents returned. Dec. 13. Captain A. H. Fenn returned and reported for duty, although it is not seven weeks since he lost his arm at Cedar Creek. What lias become of the adjutant's desk ? It was turned over to the quarter-master at Camp Russell, but does not come.* Dec. 14. Good deal of anxiety in camp about Sherman's march coastward. A Richmond minister told his congrega tion last Sunday that God had a hook in Sherman's nose, and was leading him to destruction. Nous verrons. Dec. 15. We now have to furnish fom- officers and one hundred and twenty-flve men daily for picket. They are posted out by the rebel lead mines. They frequently see the. Johnnies ancl talk with them, Dec, 16, Heavy cannonading. Sergeant Soule and squad of carpenters detailed for duty at Division Head-quarters, They will fix things up gorgeous. This is the regiment thoy have to apply to when they want things done nice. Deo, 18. One hundred guns from Fort Sedgwick in honor of Thomas' victory over Hoocl, They must enjoy the salute in Petersburg. Dec, 21, Rain played lullaby on the tent all last night. * It never did come. The loss was a great misfortune, for it con tained many regimental documents that would have been of great value in preparing this history. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 137 Quarters* well ventilated this morning, because rain washed mud off logs. Put it on again. Plenty of water to mix mor tar with, KeUey, McKinney, Tuttle, Twiss and Jo, Fenn mustered as Ffrst Lieutenants by Captain Tyler, Commissary of Musters, Dec. 23, Went clear up to Hancock's Station, via corduroy, to have a brigade di-ill under Mackenzie, Dec, 26, Sherman presents Lincoln, with a X-mas giit of Savannah, one hundred and fifty guns, and twenty five thousand bales cotton. Much rejoicing thereat. Story afloat that Lee is going to do something surprising on New Years' day. Dec, 21. Muster day. Very busy with the pesky rolls. Captain Marsh's rolls flrst in, of course. 1865, Jan, 1, Gad Smith and John Wheeler returned. Jan, 2, Wheeler mustered as First Lieutenant, and goes on Brigade Staff, as A, A, A, G., vice Ed. Hubbard, who is dis charged and goes home. * The quarters were pine log houses, about six by seven feet, ar ranged in regular order, like a camp of canviis tents. The cracks bet-ween the logs were plastered with thc clay which was found on the spot. A hard rain would wash it off, but it was not a vei-y great task to put it on again. It was only necessary to dig a hole in the ground, about as large as a half-bushel, pour in water, stir it up, and daub it ou with a pudding stick. The interiors of somc of the houses were elegantly papered with Harper's Weeklies, Frank Leslies, and such like sheets, which, being added to every few days, at length made almost as warm a dwelling as one of brick or lumber.' The flre places and chimneys were flrst built np by a framework of sticks, ¦which were filled with mud. Then, when a flre was built, the sticks wonld burn away, aud leave the clay standing. The houses had no roofs except the shelter tents that belonged to the occupants ; and when a regiment left a camp, either for good or for twenty-four hours, they of course had to unroof their houses. 138 SECOND CONNECTICUT Jan, 3, feght Companies on fatigue duty. News. received of Butler's fizzle at Wilmington. Jan, 4, Three inches snow. Good many men sit by their ifres all night because too cold to sleep. Jan, 5. Muddy, New Springfields came to take the place of Enfields, Farewell, old Enfields ! Every one of you could tell thriUing tales if you could speak. And you can speak ! Jan, 6, All our Division moved down corduroy, a mile to left, and formed square to witness execution of Peter McCox, deserter from Company A, Fourth New Jersey, First Brigade, First Division, Sixth Corps, Stood " in place rest " an hour, waiting. Prisoner unable to walk — brought clear round the square in ambulance, preceded by band playing Dead March in Saul, Coffin placed on the ground in front of open grave. Prisoner seated on foot of coffin. Proceedings, fincUngs and sentence of Court Martial read in front of each regiment. Prisoner blindfolded, and firing jjarty of twelve men drawn up in front, in single rank, about twenty paces off, Captam of Provost Guard gave the order " Fire ! " Good many men turned away their heads. Prisoner fell back and oft' on Ihe ground, leaving one leg on the coffin. Division then wheeled into column by companies, marched by the coffin, and then home. Jan, 7, Inspection, Mackenzie appeared in stars. Clean est man in each regiment to go to Division Head- quarters, to compete for a twenty days' furlough. One man from each of B, D, K, E and M Companies sent to Brigade Head-quarters. Bam, Ten-ell the lucky man, out of the whole division, Jan. 9. Rebels made charge on Third Division picket line, a little to our left. Promptly met and defeated. Caused no disturbance in camp. HEAVY ARtlLLBilY. 13& Jan. 10. Snowdy returned. Our daily picket detail is now five officers and one hundred and five men. Pretty rough. Makes a man's turn come pretty often. Jan, 11. Got eighteen potatoes from Brigade Commissary. Major Jeffrey Skinner appointed to command the Sixty-Fifth New York, while Colonel Fisk is absent on leave, Jan, 12, Noisy picket firing, Curtis made regimental Ord nance Officer. Captain Cleveland Ordnance Officer on Whea ton's staff, Jan, 14, Picket firing in our front. Jan, 15. Commenced to have -brigade guard-mounting. General Mackenzie rode over to Inspection on his Nankeen, in that new gawky hat, and inspected the regiment at a sup port, Nfram Buttolph, of Company G, sent to Division Head quarters, and got the Division furlough. General Wheaton said he was the handsomest soldier he ever saw, Cleveland and Fenn are Majors. Jan, 16, Received four hundred and eighty-nine sets of "Mann's Patent Accoutrements," Boys don't like 'em. Call 'em " belly trunks." Company F is at Fort McMahon. Jan. 17. Salute of one hundred guns for Terry's capture of Fort Fisher arid twelve hundred prisoners. Captain Wood man made A, A, A, G,, and Johnny Wheeler A. A. D, C, Jan, 18, Lieutenant Oscar Piatt discharged. Ab, Dun ham and Mr, Dewell an-ived. Their goods are at City Point, awaiting transportation. Thfrty-eight convalescents and sub stitutes arrived in evening, Jan, 20, Mackenzie on fifteen days' leave. Lieut. Colonel Olcott, One Hundred and Twenty-First New York, commands - brigade. Lieut. Colonel Skinner returned to regiment, Jan. 23. In the evening went with Captain Marsh and 140 SECOND CONNECTICUT Chaplain to Major Jones' quarters to hear a large discussion on the resurrection. Later, went over to Captain Marsh's and talked of war, love, and the kindred destructive arts,* Jan, 23. Large lot of deserters came in on the left. They come thicker smce the fall of Fort Fisher, Charleston and Savannah. Wonder what is going on at the right ;— furious cannonading, — ^heaviest we ever heard; fafrly shook the earth. Jan. 24, It was the battle of the monitors. Rebels fried to take City Point, We should have been in a pretty fix if they had succeeded ! Inspection, Grannis (of D Company) sent to Brigade Head-quarters as cleanest man, but Olcott villafriously threw him out, and sent a One Hundred and Twenty-Ffrat man to Division Head-quarters, Jan, 26, Hubbard mustered as Colonel and reUeves Olcott in command of Brigade. Skinner mustered as Lieut. Colonel, and commands regiment. Jan, 29, Inspection. Zelotes Grannis got it this time. Iselton of H, Dugette of L, Atwood of A, and a B man also received furloughs. Feb, 1, Orders received at three a, m. to be ready to move at a moment's notice. Ed. Sedgwick mustered as Second Lieutenant of Company C. Somebody checkmated, Feb, 2. James W, Dixon, son of Senator Dixon, has been kindly given to the regiment, and mustered into a vacant Lieutenancy, to serve on the staff' of General Wright. General Wright must have a poor opinion of his corps, if he cannot by this time find timber in it good enough to make Aides de Camp of without going to Connecticut. There are plenty of men in this regiment yet uncommissioned, and yet unkilled, as respectable, as able, and probably as brave, as can be found * Curtis' diary. (Of course.) HEAVY ARTILLERY. 141 anywhere, — and they deem it rather shabby treatment, after they have marched through fire and blood for months, after many of them have been perforated with rebel buUets, and are now on duty with scarcely healed wounds, for General Wright to fill a vacancy in the Second Connecticut by the " donation" (that is what they call it) ol a boy who has remained with his mother all through the war, untU the fighting is all over, and the whole world knows that the rebellion i^in the article of death. But then, you know, his father has been of enormous service to the country. SolcUers must take what they can get. They must put thefr heels together, keep thefr eyes to the front, and ask no questions. If I ever get home with a whole cuticle, I wUl be grateful evermore. Feb. 4. Brisk firing on right. Officers' recitation at Brig ade Head-quarters two evenings per week. On the morning of February 5th, we had orders to be in readiness to move with four days' rations, leaving om- pickets out, and leaving the minimum force necessary to hold the Unes. Companies A, K, and portions of H and E were detailed to remain, (which was not an unpleasant " detail.") The Fifth Corps was %hting on the left, in the vicinity of Hatcher's Rtm, and it was guessed (and truly) that we were to go in that dfrection. After remaining in readiness until four o'clock in the afternoon, the Ffrst Di'vision moved off to the left, and after going about five miles, bivouacked for the night. It was bitter cold sleeping that night, — so cold that half of the men stood or sat around flres all night. In the morning the movement was continued, and the day* was mostly consumed in maneuvering. We were there for the * February 6. 142 SECOND CONNECTICtJT purpose of protecting the left flank of the Fifth Corps, which had been fighting all day. A little before simdown we crossed Hatcher's Run, and moved by the flank directly into a piece of woods, the Second Brigade, under Hubbard, leading the division, and the Second Connecticut, under Skinner, leading the brigade. Womided men were being brought by to the rear, and the noise just ahead told of mischief there. As the brigade was moving into the woods, stafl' officers came riding along the column with the order " Load your pieces, load your pieces without lialtmg.'' Colonel Hubbard flled to the left at the head ofthe column, along a slight ridge, and about half the reg iment had filed, when troops of the Fifth Corps came running through to the rear, and at the same moment General Whea ton rode up with, "Oblique to the left, obUque to the left!" and making energetic gestures toward the rise of ground. The ridge was quickly gained, and fire opened just in time to head off a counter fire and charge that was already in progress ; but between the " flle left '' and the " left oblique," and the break ing of our ranks by troops retreating from in fi-ont, and the -vines and underbrush (which were so thick that they unhorsed some of the staff officers,) there was a good deal of confusion, and the line soon fell back, about ten rods, where it was re formed, and a vigorous ffre poured — somewhat at random—a little to the left of our flrst position. The attempt of the enemy to get in on the left of the Fifth Corps was fi-ustrated. Our casualties were six wounded, (some of them probably by our own men,) and one missfrig. The position was occupied that night and the next day, until about sundown, when the brigade shifted some distance to the right and again advanced, under an artillery flre, to within a short distance of the rebel batteries, and built breastworks. One shot on this occasion HEAVY AETILLEEY. 143 was particularly memorable. The regiment was moving across a cleared fleld, by the flank, when a solid shot came through the woods from directly in front, and passed the column ap parently so near as to singe the left ears ofthe whole line. If it had come ten feet farther toward the right it might have " flanked " the entire regiment and cut a swath from one end to the other. The rebel picket shots whistled overhead all the time the breastworks were building, but mostly too high to hurt anything but the trees. At midnight the division moved back to quarters, amving at sunrise. Again we found our domiciles appropriated, this time by a regiment of en gineers, — but out they went, and in went we; and having taken a ration of whiskey, which had been ordered by Grant, or somebody else, in consideration of three nights and two days ou the bare ground-, in February, together with some fighting, and a good deal of hard marching, and hard work, — the men lay down to sleep as the sun rose up, and did not rise up until the sun went down. And now having disposed of the fight at Hatcher's Run, let us return for a while to our Diaries, T'hese Diaries set forth the thing m its true light, and afford a far more correct idea of army life than can be Othei-wise obtained, except by experience. Feb. 8. In the evening moved a mile to the riglit and bivouacked in the woods. Cold night. Kept warm by large fires, and didn't spare fuel, Feb. 9. Moved to a new camp near Warren's Station, about a mile to left of Parke Station. ReUeved One Hundred and Tenth Ohio and Sixty-Seventh Pennsylvania of tlie Thfrd Division, who moved leftward. Snug loggeriss. Boys soon got their cloth roofs on. Our carap is just west of the Weldon 144 SECOND CONNECTICUT Railroad Track, and within a stone's throw of Grant's Rail road. Big frame Look-out a mile to left, near Fokt Fisheb. Feb. 10. Ten convalescents arrived. Feb. 12. White gloves on inspection. (Immensely con ducive to the suppression of the rebellion, especially when the expense comes out of the pockets of private soldiers, and officers get promotions on the etrength of "the superb appear ance of the troops," What business have private soldiers with money, anyhow 2) Four officers and one hundred men on picket now-a-days. Hubbard blew up Marsh, and Marsh tendered resignation. Feb, 14. Order from Brigade Head-quarters dfreeting Com manding Officer Second Connecticut Volunteer ArtUleiy to account for serious discrepancy between tri-monthly report and requisition for rations. How particular some folks are! Commanding Officer Second Connecticut Volunteer Artillery pitches into Commandants of Companies, Commandants of Companies pitch into First Sergeants and Q. M. Sergeants, First Sergeants and Q, M, Sergeants pitch into Corporals, and so on all through " the regular military channel,* down to cooks and niggers. Feb. 17. Wheaton on leave, Mackenzie in command of Division. Feb. 18. Hubbard corps officer ofthe day. Forty deserters have come in on Sixth Corps front during his torn: of forty- eight hours. Not ah unusually large number. No night passes without more or less of them. Hope Grant wont move this army. If we stay here, the Johnnies will all come over before the 4th of July. Feb. 19. Inspection. Dwyer, (D) cleanest man in the di 'vision, and gets the furlough. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 145 Feb. 20. Noisy night on picket. Lieutenant Lucas came in for a detail of men to bring in the muskets and equipments of a large lot of deserters. Twenty-nine of them came in and gave themselves up to our regimental pickets. Feb. 21. One hundred gnu salute for fall of Charleston and capture of two hundred guns. Nails thirty-five cents per pound at sutler 's. Feb. 22. Company F reUeved from Fort McMahon. Ru mors of an attack to be made between here and Fort Howard. Ii the attack comes off, the orders are for our troops to retreat and let the enemy get clear in. Orders to sleep all the time with clothes on and everything packed, ready to be off in -three minutes. Feb, 23. Formed at breastwork at 4 a. m, in mud and rain. Stood there until 7 o'clock, without any umbrellas. There is but one umbrella in the Army of the Potomac, and that is not in our division. Captain Gold discharged yesterday, but wont go, because it looks Uke a fight, and he wants to make observations, for future reference. Five Frenchmen trans ferred from Company E to Seventh Connecticut Volunteers. They speaked no English, and so got into the wrong regi ment. Feb. 24. One hundred gun salute for fall of Fort Anderson. Ninth Corps opened all their guns in evening. Rebels repUed, Noisy. Feb. 28. Deserter came in and reported that it is reported that Beauregard and Hardee have mopped out Sherman. March 3. Five deserters came in on our regimental front, and brought us yesterday's Richmond " Examiner." We often get our latest New York news in this way. A six mule team, wagon and several Johnnies came in to day. They were oul 146 SECOND CONNECTICUT on neutral ground gathering wood, and suddenly the Johnnieg got the team headed for our lines, then jumped in, whipped up the mules and came in " kiting." The rebels fired after them, Ijut they lay down in the wagon. They took the mules to Meade's Head-quarters, and got pay for them. Pretty good speculation, March 4, Order read on Dress Parade informing line offi cers that they are diminutive potatoes compared with former officers of the regiment. The commanding officer trusts that he will not have occasion to abuse them in this way again, &c., &c., whicli it is to be devoutly hoped he wont. Great hellabelloo among line officers. Several of them very busy writing up their resignations. Gad Smith ugly. Coe put under arrest. March 5. Paymaster Griljben paid the regiment. What large Companies ! Inspection. Charles Iselton was the clean est mau, but by mistake Corporal Hall, of E, was forwarded'^ from Brigade Head-quarters, and thrown out because he -ffas a Corporal, So the Second Heavies lost the fuilongh this time. Captain Gad returned from General Court Martial to day, and we celebrated it by a " go rouud " of the original sulphuric attitude. Cooper squelped me over the head, and I knocked him about the mazzard,* Company D gave fitteen dollars for the Sedgwick Monument, and Company M thirty- three dollars, March 9. General Meade's daughter was married in the rustic church and play-house, built by engineer regiment near our division hospital. Have we a woman among ua ? March 11. Two years and six months to-day since leaving Camp D'jtton. Oh Lord, how much longer ? Doctor Andrews * 's diary. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 147 returned to duty with regiment, reUeving Lambert of Sixty- Fifth New York. March 12. Inspection. Iselton gets it this time. Wonder what the other regiments in this division think, when we get it every week ? Either we are very clean, or they very un-clean. March 14. G. M. Woodruff and Mr. Perkins arrived and took the vote of the regiment for state election. A large majority went for Buckingham. Captain Deane arrived. Ffrst time he has been on duty since Cold Harbor, Ugly hole in his forehead. March 17, Formed behind the breastwork to repel an ex pected assault. It came not. March 17. Saint Patiick's day celebrated by horse race at Second Corps Head-quarters. Mackenzie reUeved by Hamblin and ordered to a Cavafry command in the Army ofthe James. He takes Fenn and 'Wheeler along. March 18. Army theatricals in the Engineers' church every night except when there are religious services. March 19, Inspection. Hamlin calls our muskets " mira cles," fra Jones, (H,) goes to Division Head-quarters as cleanest man. March 20. Division reviewed by General Meade and Rear Admu-al D. D. Porter. Hot as July. Stood " in place rest " for an hom, waiting. Many fell out, sun-struck. March 21, No more leaves or furloughs to be granted, Dunham appointed Brigade Purveyor, vice Tibbs and MiUer, discharged. Deane detaUed as A. A. I. G,, -vice Fenn. 148 SECOND CONNECTICUT CHAPTER XIV. FORT FISHEB, CAPTURE OP PETEESBURO, AND SAILOR'S CEEEE. It was now the 24th of March. The weather was fast im proving, and signs of coming great events multipUed. No positive orders of a very unportant nature had been received; but the discontinuing of ftu-loughs plainly meant something in the aggressive Une, while the condition of things on tlie other side, as revealed by the tattered and cadaverous de serters who now came over to us not only in the night but also iu broad dayUght, made it evident that Lee must do something of dreadful note, or else give over the contest What would be the particular manner of his cmip was a ques tion much dh^cussed, but not settled until the amp occurred. Very early on the moming of March 25th, after a noisy night all along the picket Une, heavy firing was heard on the riglit; but there was nothing uncommon about that, and littie noMce was taken of it, untU orders came from Brigade Head-quarters to "move out instantly." Shortly after. General Hamblin arrived, to expedite matters, and in a few minutes the brigade was on the corduroy, mo-ring rapidly to the right;— -wHch was, of itself, quite a noteworthy cfrcumstance, — ^for we usually went to the left, when mischief was brewing. " Oh, we shan't get into a fight," said the men, — " we always have to go the HEAVY ABTILLEEY. 149 other way, to flnd our flghting." These remarks were of course made in a partially jocular vein ; but they were, never theless, entirely true. Indeed, that very day proved both parts of the proposition, viz., flrst, that the Second Connecticut never fought to the right, and, secondly, always did flght to the left. The flring subsided after we had gone a mUe or so, but there was much moving of troops, and evidently something the matter ahead. The rebel batteries had range on portions of the column and flred at us as we were on the corduroy, dropping several shots only a few feet away. One struck ¦within a rod of our regiment, splashing into a small puddle of water and burying itself in the earth directly under a soldier of the division, who was sitting on the ground and flxing his shoes. He did not stir for a second or two, — but then, pick ing up his musket and shoe, he started on a half dozen double quicks, and it is to this day a mooted question vrith our men whether that man has stopped running yet. After moving a little further, a staff officer rode up with the information that the rebels had surprised and captured Port Stedman, on the Ninth Corps front, and a quarter of a mile of breastworks, in cluding three batteries, — ^but that they had been retaken, together with eighteen hundred prisoners; — and that therefore Our assistance would not be required. This, then, was the rebel spasm that had been looked for. It was Lee's last desperate attempt to throw the giant that was Crushing the breath out of the Confederacy. He had massed thousands of men, (Greeley says twenty thousand,) on Hare Hill, directly opposite, to support the attack, and immediately follow it up if successfuL It was successful. The rebel works were only sis himdred feet from Fort Stedman. The move- 150 SECOND CONNECTICUT ment was so well executed that two thousand rebels were in our works, and had our guns tm-ned upon our own lines before there was any show of resistance ; — and if the attack had been followed up, it would have cut almost the entire Army of the Potomac from its base at City Point, and might have utterly annihilated Grant and his principal army. Why was it not followed up ? Here,* as at Cedar Creek, the most difficult part of a most hazardous undertaking was accom pUshed, when lo ! the easily gotten victory was still mora easily plucked from rebel hands. Mr, Pollard, the entertaining historian of the Lost Cause, in speaking of Confederate disasters, says that "instead of being ascribed to the mysterious dispensations of Providence, they are more properly named as the results of human mismanage ment, — ancl may be distinctly and sufficiently traced to human causes." Mr. Pollard seems to beUeve that if he had been at the Confederate helm, he could have guided and propelled the * The Confederates occupied their breastworks for a distance of a quarter of a mile, with comparatively a slight loss and -with the loss to the enemy of oue principal fort (Steadman), and some five hundred prisoners. Had this opportunity been taken advantage of, there is no telling the result ; but the troops could not be induced to leave the breastworks taken from the enemy, and to advance beyond them and seize the crest in rear of the line they had occupied. They hugged the works in disorder nntil the enemy recovered from his surprise; and soon the artillery in the forts to the right and left began their murderous fire ou them. When fresh troops were brought up by the enemy, their advance was almost unresisted, and an easy recap ture of the fort was obtained, the Confederates retiring under a severe fire into thefr old works. Nearly two thousand men took shelter under the breastworks they had captured, and surrendered when tie enemy advanced, and the result was a Confederate loss much greater than that of the foe. This af&ir demonstrated to all that the day of offensive movements on the part of the Confederates was gone.— Pollard's Lost Cause, HEAvY ARTIlLEEY, lol ship against every adverse wind that Providence could bring to bear. Suppose he could ; — ^was there not a Providence that persisted in keeping him away from the helm ? We who do not hold Virginia Slavery and the Slaveholders' Rebellion to have been causes that merited the Divine favor, find no difficulty in ascribing the faUure at Fort Stedman, the failure at Cedar Creek, the faUure of Early to capture Washington, the failm-e of the rebel gunboats to take City Point, the failure of England and France to recognize the Confederacy, the failure of the draft riots instigated by Horatio Seymour in New York, the failure to burn New York city, the total failure of Rebellion and Slavery together, — to the direct providence of Him of whom it is written, — " He shall break in pieces the oppressor : his enemies shall lick the dust." After a rest of half an hour, and a look at the eighteen hundred prisoners at the Ninth Corps Head-quarters, the division took the corduroy again and moved homeward. But instead of going into camp, there was an ominous halt of a few minutes in rear of our quarters, and then the march was continued toward the left, where a brisk artillery fire was go ing on. Grant knew that the massing of troops for the assault at Fort Stedman must have left the rebel Unes with Uttle or no protection in some places, and he resolved at once to find the weak spots. Accordingly, an advance was ordered in front of Port Fisher, near the tall frame Lookout, about a mile to the left of Warren's Station, Our troops were posted under cover during nearly all the afternoon, while the large gnus threw shot and shell at each other over our heads. At length a train of ambulances moved up from the right, and halted just in rear of the division. There was no raistaking that symptom. 152 second CONNECTICUT The sun had already begun to grow large and red with its nearness to the western horizon when the brigade was moved uo-.vn in front, within twenty rods of the rebel picket line, aad halted behind a slight rise of ground, just high enough to intercept their fire. After standing there for some ten min utes, waiting for orders. Colonel Hubbard rode slowly along to the right fiank of his line, and said in a low tone to the writer, "If they don't put us in soon, we shan't have much fighting to night.'' After he had gone back. Sergeant Major E. Goodwin Osborne stepped uj) and asked what the Colonel said, and was informed, "There is time enough yet," he replied, in a low Ijut foreboding tone. The parting sunset ray had not vanished before his lifeless form was borne on a rubber blanket toward the rear, across the very spot where he had uttered these prophetic words. The ffre from our batteries suddenly ceased. General Ham blin rode up to Hubbard and said, " Colonel, move directly forward. Conform your moveraent to the Second Di'vision, on your left." The front line, consisting ofthe Second Connecti cut and the Sixty-Fifth New York, advanced on the rifle pits as steadily as though on a battalion drill, while the rest ofthe brigade followed in a second line. There seems to have been a Vacant space in their line of rifle pits,- — or else the Second Division, and the greater part of our Ijrigade, must have entirely flanked their pickets on the left. At any rate, the only part of our regiment that went over any rifle pits was the extreme right, — perhaps one or two companies. When we were within flfty feet of them the rebels jmnped over in front, threw down their muskets, threw up their arms, and yelled, " Don't shoot, don't shoot ! " and then passed through to the rear in large numbers, as fast as they could move. The ri"-ht HEAVY ARTILLERY. 153 flank was a little demoralized by its success in taking these rille pits, and by.the flre which came from the pits farther to the right, which the enemy still held ; — ^nevertheless, the regi ment moved on, across a swampy run, then over ascending ground, among stumiDS and scrub oaks, for twenty or thirty rods, and there halted and lay down. This distance was all traversed under a combined artillery and musket flre, the former coming from a battery about half a mile to the right and front, which was very effectively served. It aioparently had tlvree guns in use; and the air was blue with the little cast-iron balls froin spherical-case-shot which shaved the gi-ound and exploded among the stumps just in rear of the line, at intervals of only a few seconds. Probably the musket fire came entirely fjom the enemy's pickets, -who still re mained on the right. Twenty of the Second Connecticut were wounded, — seven of them mortally, — in reaching, occupying and abandoning this position, which, proving entirely un tenable, was held only a few minutes. The line faced about aad moved back, under the same mixed fire of solid shot, spherical-case and musketry, across the swampy run, and halted not far in front of the spot whence it had first moved forward. Other troops, on the right, now engaged the bat tery, and captured the rest of the picket Une; and after half an hour the brigade again moved forward to a position still further advanced than the previous one, where a permanent picket Une was established. Thus ended the eventlUl 2oth of March, Its dawn ushered in the surprising attack on Fort Stedman, and its close found miles of the rebel picket lines in our possession, thousands of prisoners in our hands, and the grip of the Union armies upon Petersburg greatly tightened. At midnight the brigade returned to camp, leaving a strong L 154 SECOND CONNECTICUT picket. The picket detaU from our own regiment, which had been on du% all day in front of our own camp, had its share in the work and success of the day,— occupying the rebel rifie pits that night, and capturing more than thefr number in prisoners, ' The Fort Fisher picket was relieved about noon of the next day, and returned to camp. All hands were compelled to come out on inspection and dress-parade that afternoon ; and immediately afterward a detail of one hundred and fifty men reUeved our regular pickets in front, who had been out since the morning before, i. e,, thirty-six hours. At midnight a working party was also sent out to move forward our picket abattis to the new line. At three o'clock on the morning of the 27th, mounted Orderly Keith came with orders to have the reginient fall in at four, and stand by the breastworks. Lively firing v/as going on all -along, but nothing momentous occui-red, and at sunrise the line broke ranks, and fell to cook ing coffee. The experience of the reginient for the next six days cannot be set forth in a mpre readable manner than as it stands recorded in the spicy diary of Lieutenant Homer S. Curtis, who became Acting Adjutant after the affafr at Fort Fisher, although still retained as Ordnance Officer. March 27. Brisk skirmish and a charge just before light on 2nd Div, picket line. Some movement near the Look-out to day that looked like a charge — but none came off. Picket filing aU day. Our picket not relieved. Got 4000 E, B, Car tridges from Div, Ord, Officer, Charley Goslee runs the Adjt's Dept, pretty much, Capt, Woodman, (A, A. A, G,) ordered detail of 5 officers and 200 men for night fatigue. Batt. drill 1 hour p, m. March 28, Springlike, hazy, fair. Fatigue detail came HEAVY ARTILLEEY. 155 into camp at 3 a, m,, and the entire force was called up and got under arms at 4, Some officers not very punctual. futtle, Penn, &c,, got rats from the Col, We stood tUl sun rise, and returued to quarters. Very fmmy, especially for the boys that have not had any sleep in 3 nights. Plenty of swearing, I went over to brigade guard mount — ancl made a bull of it considerable, Johnny a very showy Sergeant Major, but just a bit careless or so. Parts of Sheridan's Cav aby — 24th and 25th Corps, moving by to the left. Good news. Occupation of Goldsboro by Sherman, and junction of Terry, Schofield and Sherman, Our loss on the 25th is found to have been 500,— reb- loss 6000. March 29. Orderly came from Brig. Hdqrs. at 1 a. m., with .orders for detail of 5 officers and 200 men for reserve picket, and orders for regt, to be under arras from 4 o'c till sunrise, I got up and made tbe details, and had just lain down when Maj, Fenn came riding up and ordered the regt. out instanter. So we got out and stood in line until broad daylight. Cap. Eedway B, Of, of Day. Very quiet all along the lines through the day. Troops and trains moving to left all day. Gen. Mackenzie with his Cavalry Corps, 2000 strong, went by. Johnny "Wheeler called at B. Hdqrs. We were ordered and re-ordered to pack up and be all ready to move — but staid the day out in camp finally. Tremendous cannonade after taps, eve'g. We hustled out into Une double quick — stood an hour or so — then went in. March 30. Got out about 5 o'c a. m,, and stood in line ¦Shout an hour, in a right smart of rain. Post guard-mount. Swept out huttie, built fire and took a doze. The Adjt's tent is a leaky old concern, and so cribbed up that one cannot move at all. Col. H. says we are to make a charge at daylight. 150 SECOND CONNECTICUT March 81. Rained all last night, and uutU 10 a, m. Orders came at 11 o'c last night to pack up everything, shelters and all, for a march. This was accomplished in a few rainutes, and we stood ready to form line some time — when Capt, Gor don came over to advise us that the movement was tempora rily suspended, and that the meu raight Ue down to sleep, but not unpack knapsacks. Got orders, soon after, for picket detail of 4 officers and 147 raen. Also to form Une at 3 o'c a, m. We got out and stood shivering in the rain until day light, when we went in and put up canvas. Heavy filing on left all a, m. At 2 p, m. orders came to pack up evei^thing all ready for a move. We go this time — sure — to see what the racket is down on the left. Moved out, as per order — formed line — stacked arras — unslung knapsacks and went back to qrs, to wait for orders to move, and to draw rations. Waited patiently until retreat — until tattoo — and then got orders to take in guns and packs, and sleep in clothes, all convenient for getting out quickly, 1000 rumors around — all lies of course, except the one about the strengthening of the reb lines in our front. Stories of the 5th Corps swinging across the S, S. R, Road and occupying it, besides also threat ening the reb right flank. Bosh ! If there were anything in it we should have official despatches a plenty. Good night. April 1, Lovely day. We got out at 3 o'c a, m, and got up all the men. Sent 150 out as picket reserve — formed line with the remaining 3 Co's, — but soon a staff officer came over and ordered them out to the line. So every raan but the guard went out. Col, Hubbard had the camp patroUed for bummers, but got only a lean haul, Cos, returned after sun rise. New picket went out at 9 a, m,, — 150 men, under Lucas, Anderson, Hoyt and Griswold, Smart flring in the morning HEAVY ARTILLERY, 157 on the left, but it soon died away, and it remained very quiet all the rest of the day. At 2 p. m, I rode out to new picket line, which is J., mile in advance of the old one. Found everything lovely — boys gay— rebs civil. Saw "Richmond Sentinel" of this morning — exchanged by Fenn of "G" for " Herald " — no news in it. We had a dress parade, and the day altogether has seemed like one of the old Fort days — but it cannot last long — and even as I write, the Q, M, has orders to pack up all his stores. 10 o'clock p, m. Col. has just had all the Comdts, of Cos. up at his qrs,, giving them instructions for the morrow. We are to move out by the left flank some time in the night, and form line near Fort Fisher — by brigades, in two lines. Our brigade is on the right of the Corps, our regt. on the right of the brigade, in the front line. The wliole army is to charge simultaneously at 4 o'c in the morning, and Col. says we are to take Petersburg ! I am very hopeful. The events of the next twenty four hours justifled the hope fulness of Lieutenant Curtis, On the 1st of April, Sheridan, with cavalry and infantry, won a great -victory at Five Forks, over the divisions of Pickett and Bushrod Johnson, Mr, PoUard tells us that on that occasion flve thousand rebels, " having got the idea that theywere entrapped, threw down thoir arms, and surrendered themselves as prisoners," Indeed, the rebels all along the line seemed about this time to have " got the idea," badly, — and General Grant determined to strengthen their hold upon it by a shotted salute in honor of Sheridan's victory at Five Porks. It was about eleven o'clock on the evening of the 1st of April, and aU quiet, when Bang 1 went a gun from Port Wadsworth. 15S SECOND CONHfiMlcCI! Heavy firing at a distance of three mUes or more will not start soldiers from their bunks. Every shot may destroy a regiment or sink a ship,— it will not destroy their repose. But Fort Wadsworth was too near camp, — only fifty paces off— aiid the meu were constrained to look out aud see the cannonading of which that shot was the opening gun, Water loo's opening roar and Hohenlinden's far flashes were but the Work of pop guns in comparison with the artiflcial earthquakes that shook Petersburg and its bristling envfrons, and the lightnings which came in such quick succession that the jaws of darkness were not able to devour them up. Mr, Pollard says of it ; On the night of the 1st April, Grant celebrated the victory of Five Forks, and performed the prelude of wh.at was yet to come by a fierce and continuous bombardment along his lines in front of Petersburg. Every piece of artillery in the thickly studded forts, batteries, and mortar-beds joined in the prodigious clamour; reports, savagely, terrifically crashing through the narrow streets and lanes of PeterS' burg, echoed upwards ; it appeared as If fiends of the air were en gaged in a sulphurous confiict. At about midnight the regiment was called up and orderec( tb pack up everything. Knapsacks, however, were to be left behind; and to secure greater silence, canteens were to be •worn on the right-side. Six Companies and a hali fell in, (the rest being on picket,) and proceeded to brigade head quarters, and thence to the neighborhood of Patrick's Station. AU mounted officers were ordered to leave their horses inside the earthworks ; and the division moved out in front, a little to the left of the Look-out. A heavy picket flre was opened, under cover of which the lines were formed, three or four deep in aU except our brigade, which had only two, although on the right of the division, and our regiment (of coUrse) in SeaYY ARTftLtERY. 159 the front line. The charge w*as expected to come off at four o'clock, but day began to dawn before the signal gun was fired. Skinner had coramand of the right wing of the bat-^ taUon, Jones of the left wing, Hubbard of the whole. The advimce was made en echelon by brigades, with a great rush and yell — although a part of the First Brigade, (the Jerseys,) broke ancTran ingloriously. The advance was over precisely the same ground as on the 25th of March, and the flring came from the same battery and breastworks, although not quite so heavy, Lieut. Colonel Skinner and seven enlisted men were wounded — noue of them mortally. A shot, which, judging from the hole it made, was something smaller than a minniei ball, struck Skinner on the side, under the right arm, went through an overcoat, wadded blouse, and vest, pierced the skin and traveled seven inches on the ribs, then came out and sped on, and may have wounded another man, for aught that is known to the contrary. There was but little firing on our side,— but with bayonets fixed, the boys went in — ^not in a very mathematical right Une, but strongly and surely, — on, oh, nntil the first line was carried. Then, invigorated and greatly encouraged by success, they pressed on, — the opposing fire slackening every moment, — on, on, through the abbattis and ditch, up the steep bank, over the parapet, into the rebel camp that had but just been deserted. Then, and there, the long tried and ever faithful soldiers of the Republic saw DAYLIGHT ! — and such a shout as tore the concave of that morning sky. it were worth dying to hear. On the ground where so long the rebels had formed and drilled their bat taUons, our line was now re-formed, and then pushed on, over the hiUs and far away, — across a pike and past a telegraph, which was quickly cut; — then on, until at length Colonel 160 • SECONl) CONNECTICUT Hubbard found himself and his half battalion alone ou the Boydtown plank road. After cutting off' and burning a small Wagon train loaded with medical stores, we marched back to the rebel camp, where we found the remainder of our brigade holding the right of the captured line. The rest ol the corps was in line two railes further to the left, where it had some sharp fighting. Our skfrmishcrs took several workstf,nd guns, but for want of support had to relinquish thera, and the rebels, following u]^ iheir slight advantage, turned the guns on us, making it very uncomfortable f'or a few minutes, — our flank being- quite uncovered, — when, suddenly, hurrah ! a column of reinforcements comes over tlie hill by Fort Fisher ! The rebels turn their guns in that direction, but to no pur pose ;- — for the Twenty-Fourth Coi'iDS marches steadily forward, goes into line by regiments, advances a heavy skirmish line, and then a superb line of battle, — whereupon the enemy aban don their works and flee. This advance ofthe Twenty-Fourth Corps was (me of the most magniflcent sights our soldiers ever saw : it drove the rebellion before it as the hurricane drives dead leaves. Our men watched the charge until the line was a mile to the right, then moved inside of our own works, and rested an hour. While there. Grant, Meade and Wright rode up and were greeted with cheers that had in them the pro phetic ring ofthe flrial and all-comprehending victory so soon to come. Unanimous cheers, too, thoy were. The regiment, as well as the entire army, had always had a sufficient number of croakers, who, although fighting and suffering as volunteers on the right side, were always prophesying the ultimate suc cess of the other side; — but now, the utter collapse of the rebellion was so near that no one could fail to see it, and the croakers were compelled to cheer, in spite of themselves. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 161 G^enerals, too, in this rejoicing hour, dispensed with thoir usual reticence, and seemed to think that it would uot be prejudicial to good order and military discipUne even to let enlisted men know what was going on "in high military circles." Every private soldier in tho ranks was possessed of the inteUigence that General Grant says that Sheridan is coming up the South Side without opposition ; General Wright reports that he cannot find any forces to the left, — so General Grant tells him to move on Petersburg and " take it as soon as God wiU let him." The Corps foUowed the Second Corps — all except our brig ade, which was detached and ordered to report to General Parke, Commanding the Ninth Corps. We marched to the right, by the old camp near Warren's Station, and up the corduroy to the rear of Fort Hell, where a rest of an hour was made, in a fiercely hot suru Then the brigade advanced through a covered way, past Fort Hell, and out in fi«nt to the works that had been captured early that morning by Hart- ranft's Division of the Ninth Corps. There the men lay down in muddy trenches, among the dying and the dead, under a most murderous fire of sharpshooters. There had been charges and counter charges, — ^but our troops held all they had gained. At length the hot day gave place to chilly night, and the exfreme change brought much sufferfrig. The men had flung away whatever was fliing-away-able during the charge of the moming and the subsequent hot march, — as men always will, under like circumstances, — and now they found themselves blanketless, stockingless, overcoatless, — in cold and damp trenches, and compeUed by the steady firing to lie still, or adopt a horizontal, crawling mode of locomotion, which did not admit of speed enough to quicken the cfrculation of the blood. 163 SECOND conNeci'iCu^ Indeed, it was very cold. Some took the clothing from the dead, and wrapped themselves in it ; others. Who 'were fortunate enough to procure spades, dug gopher holes, aUd burrowed. At daylight. Colonel Fiske and the Sixty-Fifth New York clambered over the huge earthwork, took possession of Port Hell, opened a picket flre and flred one Of the guns in the' Fort, eliciting no reply. Just then a huge flre in the direction of the city, followed by several explosions, convinced our side that Lee's army had indeed left. The regiment was hastily got together, — ninety muskets being all that could be pro duced — and sent out on picket to relieve the Two Hundredth Pennsylvania, The picket line advanced, and meeting with no resistance, pushed on into the city. "What regiment was the flrst to enter the city is, and probably ever will be, a disputed question. The Second Connecticut claims to have been in first, — but Colonel Hubbard had ordered the colors to remain behind when the regiment went out on the skirmish line — and consequently, the stars and stripes that first floated over captured Petersburg belonged to some other regiment. Colonel Hubbard was, however, made Provost Marshal of the city, and for a brief while dispensed government and law in that capacity. But city Ufe was not conducive to good ordei? and railitary discipline, and tlie brigade shortly moved out and marched gaily down to the old camp, four miles away. After remaining there two hours, everything of a portable nature was packed up, a forewell leave taken of the Camp near Warren's Station, and the line of march taken up due west. The brigade now furnished a striking illustration of the difference between the marching and flghting strength of an army. It had come down from Petersburg to camp num bering three hundred ;—noW, nearly two thousand men, aU HEAVY ARTILLEEY. 163 of the Second Brigade, started in pursuit of the retreating rebellion. 'While passing througli the heaviest of the rebel Works, the brigade met President Lincoln and Admiral Porter, under convoy of a squadron of cavalry, — and saluted the dear old Uncle, who looked pale and thin. The Corps was overtaken toward evening, aud the night passed in bivouac. Reveille sounded at 3.30 the next morning, and Pack up at 5.30, — and after a march of about three miles, over a somewhat dift'erent countiy from that along Grant's Railroad — in that it was hilly and stony, — a halt -was made of two hours or more, durihg which fhe official announcement of the capture of Richmond was made by General Hamblin, and received with almost in terminable shoutings, and a crashing of brass bands the like of which was never heard before. Rebel Generals and staff officers, and squads of greybacks were brought in all through the day. Soon after noon the column was again put in mo tion, and after a heavy march through the swamps, went into camp at eight in the evening. During this afternoon our regiment passed the body of a negro whose throat had been cut by the rebels, and heard of a white man close by, who had been murdered in the same manner. The place where this night was spent was called Berill's Ford. On the morning of the 5th the march was resumed, and continued all day, with a halt of two hours at noen, during which two days' rations of hard tack, sugar and coffee were issued ;— and the corps encamped late in the evening in the neighborhood of Jeters- ¦ville, in AmeUa County.' Orders were here issued by General Meade, hinting at long marches, and directing that rations be economized. And now came the day of the last flght for the Second 164 SECOND CONNECTICUT Connecticut. It was the 6th of April, 1865, ReveiUe Sounded at 4.30, and at 5,30 the lines were formed for an advance upon the enemy, who were in force immediately in front. The affair is thus described by Lieutenant Curtis : After inarching back two miles on the road by which we carae on the previous evening, we halted for half an hour, and were then ordered back to the ground from which we had just come. We had just halted there, after a muddy, sUppery march, and were mourning that Lee had outwitted and escaped us, wheu, hark I Firing in advance and to the right. AU right. We'll have him yet. We moved on and struck the Danville Railroad at Amelia Court House, march ing alongside of it for two miles, and on it for a mile more, toward Burkesville. Here we met Johnny Wheeler, woimded, and Mackenzie and his Cavalry. We struck off West-North West from the railroad and marched steadily forward, hour after hour, toward a distant cannonade. At four o'clock we began to overtake the cavalry, who reported everything going on well. We passed flfteen hundred prisoners just taken fi-om Messrs. R. E, Lee & Co. The firing grew heavier and nearer, and at flve o'clock we reached the cavafry battle field of the morning. Although tired and "played out," there was no halt for us — ^but we moved forward into position, advancing beyond our batteries, which were playing a lively tune from a hill close by. When formed, the line was advanced — some times by brigade front and sometimes by a flank — ^but always on, until we crossed Sailors' Creek* and came to a halt under a steep bank, from the crest of which the rebels poured down a murderous fire. Two Unes were formed, the Second Connecicut Volunteer Artillery and Sixty-Fifth New York * A small tributary ofthe Appomattox. HEAVY ARTILLEEY. 165 in the second line.* Everything being ready, " Forward ! " sounded along the whole line, aud aw.iy we went up the hill, under a very hot ffre. It was tough work to get over the crest, but at last we got the Johnnies started, and made good time after tbem. The Second Heavies captured Mahone's Head-quarters train, and many prisoners, besides one battle flag. We were badly broken, but after running on for some distance were finally halted and re-formed. Colonel Hubbard and Jlajor Jones came up in time to present us to Generals Sheridan, Wright, Wheaton and Hamblin, who all rode along to the front. We also advanced soon after, and found things in a promising concUtion. General Ewell and staff and sev eral thousand other prisoners had been taken, together with wagon trains, guns, caissons, and small arms without number. One of the prisoners told us that they had but thi-ee guns left. Our loss in the charge was seven wounded, three of them mortaUy, -viz., Emory W. Castle and Erastus W. Converse, of D, and Charles Griswold, of F, At ten o'clock we moved up a mile further to the front, and bivouacked for the night. "When the long and firmly treading battaUon of the Nine teenth Connecticut moved from Camp Dutton to Litchfield Station, on tbe 15th of September, 1862, followed by hundreds of relatives and friends, none but God knew what was to be its history. We have now found out. The regiment has fought its last battle, and made up its Roll of Honor. It wiU be found in the next two chapters. * For a wonder. 166 SECOND CONNECTICUT CHAPTER XV. THE DEAD OP THE REGIMENT. How sleep the brave, who sink to rest By all their Country's wishes blest I When Spring, with dewy fingers cold. Returns to deck their hallowed mould, She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. By fairy hands their knell is rung,^ From forms unseen their dirge is sung; — Their Honor comes, a pilgrim gray. To bless the turf that -wraps their clay ; And Freedom shall a while repair To dwell, a weeping hermit, there, [In this chapter the word " Killed " is used in all cases where death occurred on the d.iy of l)attle. Where it occurred after tbe day of battle, the soldier is said to have " Died of Wounds," and the date of decease is given in every case where known. Where the place of final burial is not mentioned, it is either known or supposed to have been on the fleld. These statements of course cannot be made complete. There have doubtless been removals of the remains of soldiers since the war, of which the writer has not been apprised. Where the projectile which caused death or wounds is not men tioned, it is known or supposed to have been a miuie musket ball,] HEAVY AllTlLLEbY. le? FIELD AND STAFF. KILLED. Colonel Elisha S. Kellogg, Cold Harbor. [For biographical sketch of the Ufe of Colonel Kellogg, see chapter XLX,] Major James Q, Rice, Winchester, (See pages 53 and 96,) The following is an extract fi-om a sketch in Morris and Croft'ut's " Connecticut during the Rebellion " : Major Eiee had been a faithfnl soldier. He was a native of Sullivan County, New York, and a resident of Litehflcld County for ten years before the war. The caU of 1862 found him conducting a flourishing academical school at Goshen, assisted by his accomplished wife, a daughter of Gen, Cook, of that town. He raised a company of intel ligent and worthy young men, and joiued the Niueteenth, The ncxt month he was on the sttiff of Gen. Slough at Alexandria, captain of the picket and patrol of that city. He gave the highest satisfaction. In the cai-nage of Cold Harbor he issued orders to the men in the midst of the storm, in the same clear, unrufiled voice they used to hear on their brilhant dress parades at Fort Ellsworth. In the battle of Winchester he was instantly killed. His remains received a sol dier's burial on the field, but were afterwards removed to Goshen, and committed to the earth with Masonic honors. Sergeant Major E. Goodwin Osborne. Fort Fisher. None knew him but to love him. Nor named him but to praise. At Cold Harbor, being then Adjutant's clerk, he was direct ed by Colonel Kellogg to remain with the headquarters wagon ; but just before the charge was made he took his musket from the wagon where it was stowed, joined the regiment, and participated in the fight. About three weeks before the charge at Fort Fisher, he was detaUed as a musician, at the request of Frank J. Thomas, the leader of the regimental band. This 168 SECOND CONNECTICUT was a position which most private soldiers would gladly have accepted, on account of its lighter duties and comparative freedora fi-om danger. But Osborne was unwilling to blow a horn, while his comrades carried muskets. He asked to be returned to his company, which Colonel Hubbard granted; and soon afterward promoted him to be the ranking non commissioned officer of the regiment. At Port Fisher he was shot entirely through the body. Somc raen attempted to raise him up, but he said, "Don't raise me. I shall live but a few moments;'' and expired as he was being borne from the -field. HEAVY ARTILLERY, 169 COMPANY A-. Ffrst Sergeant Joseph P. Parks. Cold Harbor. HeacL / Corporal Albert A, Jones. Cold Harbor. Breast, Corporal Benjamin Meeker. Cold Harbor. Head. Lyman J. Smith, jr. Cold Harbor. Head. Buried in Litchfield. Robert Watt. Cold Harbor. Breast. Buried in Litchfield. John Iffland, Cold Harbor. Fell on the top of rebel breastworks, struck with many balls. WiUard H, Parmelee. Cold Harbor. Breast. Almon D, Bradley, Cold Harbor. Breast. Buried at Litchfield. Oliver Hitchcock. Cold Harbor. Breast. WiUiam Barton. Cold Harbor. WilUam Brashing. Cold Harbor. Head. George Everett. Cold Harbor. Head. SheU. Stephen PaUen. Cold Harbor. Bowels. Patrick Ryan. Cold Harbor. Head. Robert ScuU. Cold Harbor. Head. Homer F. Tilford. Cold Harbor. Head and breast. Shell, M 170 SECOND CONNECTICUT James Bradley, Cold Harbor, Right arm. Joseph Gardner. Winchester. Head. DIED OF WOUNDS, Caistain Luman Wadhams, Cold Harbor, Abdomen, Died June 3, 1804, either at Wliite House, Va,, or on the way there in a government wagon. Buried at Litchfield. (See page 55,) Corporal George Wilson Potter, Cold Harbor, Breast. Died June 2, 1864, Buried at Bantam Falls. Corporal Charles Adaras, jr. Cold Harbor, Shoulder and both thighs. Died June 6, 1804, Buried at Litchfield. Corporal ApoUos C, Morse. Cold Harbor. Breast. Died at Field Hospital, June 2, 1864. Bm-ied at Northfield. Andrew J, Brooker, Cold Harbor. Both legs and several other places, with shrapnel ; lay on the field all night before any one could get to him. Died at Hospital, Alexandria, June 6, 1864, Buried at Wolcottville. Truman MaUory. Cold Harbor. Head, shrapnel wound. Died June 14, 1864. George Savage. Cold Harbor. Both arms torn by a shell, and both amputated at the shovdder ; also wounded by mus ket ball in foot. Died on the way to White House, Amos H, StiUson. Cold Harbor. Rauson E, Wood. Cold Harbor. Hit in head, breast and arm with five balls. Died- June 6, 1864, on the way to White House. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 171 John Benedict. Cold Harbor. Breast. Buried in Warren. Horatio P. Bennett. Winchester. Abdomen. Died Sept. 20, 1864. Corporal Franklin M, Bunnell. Winchester. Thigh. Died Oct. 25, 1864, at Jarvis Hospital, Baltimore. His wound was received early in the day, but he kept on with bis Company until it reached the fence, just before the close of the fight. Corporal John L. Wilcox. Cedar Creek. Right side and back ; the shot was not found until the third day : when it was removed he bled anew, and died on the way from the VaUey to Baltimore, Oct. 28, 1864. Bmied at WolcottviUe. DIED IN REBEL PRISONS. David M, Candee. Cold Harbor. Died at Andersonville, Oct. 23, 1864. Benjamin H. Rathbun. Cold Harbor. Died at Anderson- vUle, Nov. 15, 1864. DIED or DISEASE. Watson Parmelee. Nov. 11, 1863. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria ; first death in Company A. Typhoid fever. WilUam S. Wilson. Dec, 28, 1862. Typhoid fever. Hos pital, Alexandria. Buried at Harwinton. Henry M. Miner. Feb. 14, 1863. Typhoid lever. Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Northfield. Nelbert P. Newberry. April 18, 1863. Typhoid fever. Eegimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Litchfield. 172 SECOND CONNECTICUT Corporal Joseph E. Coe. March 22, 1863. Typhoid fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Harwinton. Norman L. Barber. Oct. 12, 1868. Diphtheria. Died and was buried at Harwinton. He was sick for a long time in the Defences, and reached home but a day or two before his death. Julius Winship. Nov. 30, 1863. Erysipelas. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Edward F. Perkins. Aug. 25, 1864. Typhoid fever. Buried at Litchfield. Lewis Ludington. Oct. 20, 1864. Typhoid fever. Hos pital, Baltimore. Sylvester Lampaon. Oct. 27, 1864. Simeon W. Loud. April 17, 1865. SmaU pox. Died at Small Pox Hospital, Alexandria. HE.VVY ARTILLERY. 173 C03IPANY B. KHJJSD. Corporal Walter C. Sparks'. Cold Harbor. Corporfil Monroe Whiteman. Cold Harbor. Forehead. Corporal Myron R. Sterry. Cold Harbor. Robert W. Bragg. Cold Harbor. Francis Burger. Cold Harbor. Daniel 0 Page. Cold Harbor. Samuel V. Benedict. Cold Harbor. James Caul. Cold Harbor. Head. John HandeL Cold Harbor. Body. Ezra B. Morris. Cold Harbor. Adam O'Strander. Cold Harbor. Body. Franklin D. Stevens. Cold Harbor. John B. Stohl. Cold Harbor. George A. Skiff. Cold Harbor. Elias P. Scott. Cold Harbor. Charles H. Segur. Cold Harbor. Henry Voelker. Cold Harbor. Henry Wiesing. Cold Harbor, 174 SECOND CONNECTICUT Daniel Glaven. Winchester, BaU entered the mouth, and came out back of head. Lucien O, Spencer. Fisher's Hill. Shot through head. Coi poral John Best. Fort Fisher, SoUd shot through body. DIED OF WOUNDS. Wilson W, ScoviUe. Cold Harbor. Arm. Died Aug. 14, 1864, John W, Coons. Cold Harbor. Died in Hospital, April 22, 1865. Henry Tanner, Cold Harbor. Died at White House or Washington, June 15, 1864. Chester A. Johnson. Cold Harbor. Thigh,-^gangrened. Died at FaUs Village, whUe on furlough, Aug. 14, 1864. Amos Woodin. Cold Harbor. Side and shoulder. Grape shot. Died June 2, 1864. Second Lieutenant George B. Hempstead, Petersburg, June 22, 1864, Died at Hospital, City Point, June 28, 1864, Shot entered right breast, and lodged in his watch, on opposite side. He made entries in his diary up to the day preceding his death, one of which described his wound, and " did not consider it dangerous." "When the war broke out he was in Georgia, and was compeUed, by circumstances, to enlist in a rebel regiment, which was afterward stationed at Newport News, WhUe there, he escaped in a boat,^under pretense of going flsliing, and although shot at, succeeded in reaching a United States vessel, and reported to General Butier. He HEAVY ARTILLEKY. 175 enlisted in Company A, and was one of the best men in the regiment. Sergeant John McGraw. Cold Harbor, Shot in breast, June 3, 1864, Died June 5, 1864, at Field Hospital. Second Lieutenant William H. Cogswell, Winchester, Died Oct, 8, at Taylor Hospital, Winchester. Left leg amputated above knee. He was of Indian blood, had served m three months troops, and had been captured and paroled by the, rebels. Corporal Jacob P, Rapp, Fisher's HiU. Head, foot and knee. Died at Salisbury, Conn,, Dee, 30, 1864, Sergeant Henry S, Wheeler, Cedar Creek, Shot in leg while bearing the colors. Died at Carver Hospital, Baltimore, Robert Ames, Cedar Creek. Left hip. Died at Hospital, Kewtown, Va. MISSING. Corporal William Dunn. Cold Harbor, His musket found ¦with stock shattered, David Lacy, Cold Harbor. Only his cap found. PRISONER. Reuben R, Speed. Cold Harbor, Exchanged and sent from AndersonviUe. Died at Hospital, Annapolis, April — , 1865. DIED OP DISEASE. John H.White. Nov. 17, 1862. Typhoid fever. Regi mental Hospital, Alexandria. 176 SECOND CONNECTICUT Charles D. Hall. Dec. 11, 1863. Fever. Regimental Hos pital, Alexandria. James Ostrander, jr. Dec. 23, 1863. Typhoid fever. Reg imental Hospital, Alexandria. Sergeant Moses Cook, jr. AprU 18, 1863. Typhoid fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Peter Ostrander. Dec. 30, 1863. Congestion ol Lungs. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Carlf Volusen. Feb. 27, 1864. SmaU pox. Hospital, Al exandria. Thomas Hyer. Aug. 4, 1864. Almeron Burton. Oct. 1, 1864. Hospital, Washington. WUliam S. Horton. Nov, 2, 1864. Henry Winters. Nov. 6, 1864. Field Hospital, Cedar Creek. Patrick Delaney. Nov. 15, 1864. Gurdon C. Davidson. Dec. 5, 1864. Typhoid fever. Sheri dan Field Hospital, Winchester. Hiram Panning. Feb. 26, 1863. Knight Hospital, New Haven, HEA-VY ARTILLERY. 177 COjVLPANY C. BILLED. Sergeant David J. Thorpe. Cold Harbor. Head. Fell very near Colonel KeUogg. George W. Pierce. Cold Harbor, Heart. KiUed at begin ning of chaige, John H. Ure, Cold Harbor. Head. Nothing known of his remains after the battle. Ezra B. Bouton. Cold Harbor. Killed June 3, Forehead. Corporal Orson M. Miner, . Petersburg, June 32, 1864. Heart. Buried on skfrmish line. Corporal WilUam H. Beach. Wfrichester. Body. First man hit in this battle. Buried at Goshen. Peter Burke. Winchester. Cut almost asunder by a shell. Jeremiah McCarty. Winchester. Throat, head and heart. Hit with several balls. Corporal George W. Cleaveland. Cedar Creek. Heart. Color corporal when kiUed ; was also wounded at Petersburg, June 22, and at North Anna, May 24. Buried at Goshen. Corporal WUliam H. Bray. Cedar Creek. Head. Buried n Connecticut. Cyrus M. Bartholomew, Cedar Creek, Abdomen. While bemg borne vounded from the field by comrades, he was 178 SECOND CONNECTICtJT again struck and died in their arms: was also wounded at Cold Harbor in leg and shoulders. Buried at Goshen. D3BED OF WOUNDS. Christian Bjornssm, Cold Harbor, Foot, SheU. Leg amputated. Died June 18, 1864, Lucius B, Palmer. Cold Harbor, Shoulder. Died June 9, 1864. Corporal Erastus Cleaveland, Cold Harbor, Died Aug. 23, 1864, at Camden Street Hospital, Baltim'ore. Anson F. Balcom. Winchester. Foot. Piece of SheU. Died of Lockjaw, Oct. 13, 1864, at Field Hospital, Winchester. Corporal Henry L. Vaill, Cedar Creek. Shot in neck and lungs about sunrise and remained all day in the enemy's hands, who robbed him of everything. Died Nov, 4, 1864, at Taylor Hospital, Winchester, Albert M, Scoville, Cedar Creek, Bowels, Supposed to have died at Newtown, Va,, Oct. 20, 1864. DIED IN REBEL PRISONS. Alfred Blackman. Andersonville. Scorbutus. DIED OF DISEASE. First Lieutenant William McK, Rice. Nov, 8, 1804, at Blooming Grove, N, Y, Chronic Diarrhea, contracted in the trenches at Petersburg, Sergeant Matthew H, Huxley. Jan, 38, 1864. Camp fever. Regimental Hosjutal, near Alexandria. Buried at Goshen. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 17ft- Daniel E, Lyman, Nov, 3, 1863. Typhoid fever— sick three days. First death in the regiment. Buried at Goshen. Arthur G, KeUogg, Nov, 17, 1862. Fever. Eegimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Terryville. WUliam S, Robinson, Jan, 16, 1863. Fever. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Goshen. Orlando Evans. Feb. 18, 1863. Consumption. New Haven. Buried at Torringford. John H. Stewart, June 3, 1863. Measles. Regimental Hos pital near Alexandria. Youngest man in Company C. Corporal Uri Wadhams. Sept. 35, 1863. Diphtheria — sick twenty-four hours. Buried at Goshen. WiUiam H. NorviUe. Nov, 30, 1863. Fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria, WUUam H. Herald. Feb. 26, 1863. Fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Goshen. George W. Brown. March 13, 1864. Giles A. Cone. Api-U 5, 1864. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. William Butler. April 9, 1864. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. WUUam H.'Hart, Jime 24, 1864. Hospital, Alexandria. Andrew H, Sanford, Jvme 5, 1863. Fever and disorder. Hospital, Alexandria. James M, Hayes, July 24, 1864. Worn out by marching. Hospital, Alexandria. 180 SECONfi CONNECTICUT Henry M. Woodruff. July 22, 1864. Worn out by march ing. Died in New York while on his way home on furlough. Buried at Hartford. Corporal WiUard N. Wadhams. July 27, 1864. Fever. Hos pital, Philadelphia. Color corporal. Royal G. Andrus. July 27, 1864. Hospital, Washington. Harlow S. Johnson. Sept. 32, 1864. Fever and diarrhea. MUo Young. Sept. 1, 1865. David's Island Hospital, New York. James Rogers. May 5, 1865, John J, Abbott, Aug. 20, 1864. Accidentally shot in tent near Petersburg. Foot amputated. Died en route to Wash ington. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 181 COMPANY D. KILLED. Pomeroy Beecraft. Cold Harbor. Philo A. Fenn. Cold Harbor. Shot in head, by a sharp shooter, June 12, while on duty as a sharpshooter. Henry W. MUler. Cold Harbor. Forehead torn off by a sheU. John Murphy. Cold Harbor. Heart. George Comstock. Petersburg. Jime 22, 1864. Head, Real name George Roberts, Walter M. Fox. Petersburg. June 33, 1664. Richard Beebe. 'Winchester. SheU. Hiram F. Coley. Winchester. SheU. Buried at Thomaston. James Slater. Winchester. Heart: was also wounded at Cold Harbor, and had returned to regiment only three days before his death. Quarter Master Sergeant David B. Wooster. Fisher's Hill, Heart : was also wounded at Cold Harbor, Buried at North- field. Captaui Benjamin I". Hosford. Cedar Creek. Head. His brother and other men carried his body half a mile to the rear, where they were compeUed to leave it, to save themselves. After the victorious return, however, they found and buried 183 SECOND CONNECTICUT it, at midnight lest an immediate pursuit should prevent them. The remains were subsequently re-interred at Winsted. [See pages 44 and 130.] Corporal Edward C, Hopson. Cedar Creek. Shoulder and thigh. Buried at Poultney, Vt, Corporal William Wright, Cedar Creek. Head. John H. ConkUn. Cedar Creek. Daniel Van Allen. Cedar Creek. Heart. Charles R. Warner. Cedar Creek. Body. DEED OF WOUNDS. George L. Beach. Cold Harbor. Thigh. Shell. Died at Washington, June 14, 1864. Bm-ied at Plymouth. Corporal Edgar J. Castle. Cold Harbor. Body and lungs. Died June 8, 1864, on transport en route to Washington. Thomas Mann. Calf of leg. Died at Washington, June 8, 1864. Walter Stone. Cold Harbor. Ankle amputated. Died^July 24, 1864, at BlackweU's Island Hospital, N. Y. Hiram Mattoon. Cold Harbor. Leg amputated. Shot June 10, in knee. Died June 14, 1864, at Washington. Corporal Charles E. Guernsey. Petersburg, June 22. Shoul der and thigh. Died June 28, 1864, at City Point. Supposed to have been shot by carelessness of our men: was in the hands of rebels lor some time, who took his watch, and gave him water. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 183 Jacob Demuth, Petersburg, June 33, Back, Died June 24, 1S64. Was shot while cooking coffee. John Grieder. Petersburg, Juue 20. Thigh. Died July 3, 1864, George H. S. Goodwin. Winchester. Thigh. Died Sept. "34, 1864. Supposed to have died en route to Hospital, and been buried by roadside. George E. Clark. Winchester. Leg. Henry Gilbert. Cedar Creek. Head, Died Dec, 30, 1804, Henry Lynch. Cedar Creek. Hip. Died Oct, 31, 1864. Emery W. Castle. Sailor's Creek. Thigh, and ankle am putated. Died April 33, 1865, at Hospital, Annapolis. Erastus W. Converse. Sailor's Creek. Hip. Died at Burkes ville, AprU 9, 1865. DIED IN REBEL PRISONS. Benjamin FiUey. Petersburg, June 23. Supposed to have died at Florence. James Strawn. Petersburg, June 22. Diarrhea. Died at AndersonvUle, Aug. 2, 1864. Reported by Dorence Atwater. Charies D, Hanson, Cedar Creek. Died Feb. 35, 1865, at Andersonville. Buried at Hartford. MISSING. Walter Gates. Cedar Creek. Doubtless died in rebel prison. WilUam 8. Barnes. Cedar Creek. Doubtless died in rebel prison. 184 SECOND CONNECnCCT DIED OF DISEASE. Corporal Frederick B, Webster, Nov. 5, 1862, Fever. Reg imental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Harwinton. Corporal WUUam W. Johnson. Jan. 30, 1863. Fever. Reg imental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at TerryvUIe. Burritt H, Tolles, Jan, 13, 1863. Fever. Regimental Hos pital, Alexandria, Buried at Plymouth. Charles J, Cleveland, Jan, 30, 1863, Fever. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Teiry ville. George H. Holt, Feb, 26, 1863. Diphtheria. Eegimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried in Connecticut. FrankUn W, Hubbard, April 10, 1862, Tyjjboid fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Terryville. Sergeant Edgar B. Lewis. Sept. 6, 1863, Diphtheria. Pri vate house, Alexandria. Buried at Greenwood Cemetery. Josiah J. Wadsworth. Sept, 19, 1863. Spotted fever. Reg imental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Hartford. WiUiam W. Richardson. AprU 24, 1864. Fever. Regi mental Hospital near Alexandria, James H, Pritchard. July 1, 1864, Brain fever. Hospital, City Point. Bass Drummer. Sergeant Salmon B. Smith. Aug. 11, 1864. Typhoid fever. Hospital, David's Island, N, Y. Buried at Thomaston. David Davenport. Oct. 36, 1864. Hospital, Philadelphia. Horatio G, Perkins. Jan. 9, 1865. Fever and chronic di arrhea. Hospital, Baltimore. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 185 COMPANY E- KILLED. Corporal Frederick W. Daniels. Cold Harbor. Breast, Corporal Alonzo J, Hull. Cold Harbor. Breast. Corporal Willard Hart. Cold Harbor. Corporal Henry A. Rexford. Cold Harbor. Frederick D. Painter. Drummer. Cold Harbor. Leg taken Oft by a shell, some distance in the rear. Myron Ferris. Cold Harbor. Lewis Downs. Cold Harbor. Alfred Comins. Cold Harbor. Bowels. John M, Teeter. Cold Harbor. Breast. George A. Tatro. Cold Harbor. .Head. Charles H. Stanley. Cold Harbor. Bowels. Grape shot. Ruel H, Perkins. Cold Harbor. Daniel McDonald. Cold Harbor. James Mooney. Cold Harbor. Killed June 3. Walter Martin. Cold Harbor. WiUiam Kelley. Cold Harbor. Foot. Killed June 3. Patrick Kaine. Cold Harbor. Jared P. Evarts. Petersburg, June 31. Bowels. N 186 SECONI) CONNECTICUT John McDonough. Cedar Creek. DIED OF WOUNDS. Sylvester Barrett. Cold Harbor, Died July 24, 1864, at White House. Quarter Master Sergeant James A, Green, Cold Harbor. Heel. Died July 6, 1864, Buried at Colebrook. Elizur Maltbie, Cold Harbor, Ankle amputated. Died July 2, 1864, at David's Island Hospital, N. Y. Buried at Norfolk. Stephen J, Green, Cold Harbor. Died July 5, 1864, at Da vid's Island Hospital, N. Y. Buried at Colebiook. Birdseye Gibbs, Petersburg, June 20. Throat. Died at Field Hospital, June 37, 1864. Captain Oren H. Knight. Petersburg, June 33. A minie musket ball struck him in the head, inflicting a wound Which was at the time reported " not dangerous." It was sufficient, however, to superinduce disease, and from the effects of both, he died on or about the 8th of July, 1864, at a hospital in New York. Buried at Salisbury. Corporal George H, Pendleton, Winchester, Breast. Died Oct. 3, 1864, at Taylor Hospital, Winchester. Buried at Nor folk. Corporal John H. Boughton. Winchester. Arm ampu tated. Died Oct, 7, 1864, at Taylor Hospital, Winchester. Asa Humaston. Winchester. Groin. Died Sept, 30, 1864. David Backus. Cedar Creek. Died Nov. 3, 1864. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 187 MISSING. Second Lieutenant Calvin B. Hatch. Cold Harbor. Corporal James R. Baldwin. Cold Harbor. James Simpson. Cold Harbor. John J. Toole. Cold Harbor. John Scully. Cold Harbor, Boughton D. Knapp. Cold Harbor. Henry C. Kent. Cold Harbor. John Cook. Cold Harbor. Bernard Carbury. Cold Harbor. Martin Blake. Cold Harbor. Sherman Apley. Cold Harbor. Charles Bohan. Petersburg. Jime 22. DIED IN REBEL PRISONS. Michael Donahue. Petersburg. June 23. Died at Salisbury, Dee. 12, 1864. Allen B, Young. Cedar Creek. Died Nov. 10, 1864. Matthew Fitzgerald. Cedar Creek. Died at Salisbury, Jan. 5, 1865. DIED OF DISEASE. Second Lieutenant Hiram D. Gaylord. Nov. 18, 1863. Ty phoid fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Norfolk. 188 SECOND CONNECTICUT George W. Hurlbut, March 39, 1863. Diphtiieria, Regi mental Hospital near Alexandria, Buried at Danbury Quar ter, near Winsted. William S, Huribut, Oct, 25, 1863. Typhoid fever. Reg imental Hospital near Alexandria, Buried at Danbury Quar ter, near Winsted. Darwin E. Starks. Aug. 33, 1863. Typhoid fever. Regi mental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Winchester, Ct. Jerome Prestou. Oct, 34, 1863. Inflammation of bowels. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Ashley FaUs, Mass. Julius Woodford. Jan. 3, 1864. Typhoid fever. Regi mental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Winsted. WiUiam R. Hubbard. Feb. 38, 1864. Bilious fever. Regi mental Hospital near Alexandria, Buried at Wiusted. Joseph Robinson. Sept. 17, 1864, Chronic diarrhea and exhaustion. Field Hospital. Charlestown, Va. Julius Rogers. Sept. 31, 1864. Manwaring Green. Oct. 18, 1864. KiUed by accident on Shore Line Raifroad, near New London, Conn. Edwin E. Rowe. March 37, 1865. Congestion of lungs, brought on in battle of Fort Fisher. He died of flghting, yet without a wound. Buried at Winsted. Charles Long. July 13, 1864. HEAVY ARTILLEEY. 189 COMPANY P. Kn,LED. Sergeant Samuel E. Gibbs. Cold Harbor. Bowels. Buried in Colebrook. John E. Hall. Cold Harbor. Back. Killed June 3. ', William H. Colt. Petersburg, Jime 33. Upper abdomen. Sergeant Lorenzo P. Light. Winchester. Abdomen. Sergeant Alfred C. Alford. Winchester. Head. Buried at Riverton. Timothy O'Callaghan. Winchester. Head. George Simons. Cedar Creek. Body. DEED OP WOUNDS. George N. Andrus. Cold Harbor. Heel torn off by soUd shot, June 3. Died June 38, 1864. Cornelius H. MerreU. Fisher's Hill. Leg, below knee. Died Oct. 33, 1864. Edmund Dougherty. Winchester. Breast. Died Sept. 27, 1864. Charles A. Griswold. Sailor's Creek. Thigh. Died at Field Hospital, AprU 7, 1864. Jay J. Cuehmau. 190 SECOND cONNECTlCtJf DIED IN REBEL PRISONS, OR AFTER KfiLBASB. Robert CahiU, Cedar Creek, Exchanged, and died two days after reaching New York. Solomon G. Hayward. Cedar Creek. MISSING. John Busby. Petersburg, June 22. (Suspected of having; deserted on the march during the preceding night.) DIED OF DISEASE. Harlan D, Benedict, Dec- 16, 1862, Regimental Hospital, Alexandria, Augustus H, Barrett, Dec, 30, 1863, Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at New Hartford. Albert Beckwith. Jan. 1, 1863. Chronic diairhea. Hos pital, Alexandria. Richard S, Thompson. Jan, 10, 1863, Chronic diarrhea. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Colbrook. Corporal William G. Henderson. May 4, 1863, Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at New Hartford Center. Philander Emmons. April 33, 1865. Hospital, City Point, Had also been woimded, Peter Riley. March, 1864. Lorenzo K, Lamoine. 1864. Harvey Ford. April 27, 1864. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Cornwall. HEAVY AJElTlLLERY. 191 Ehilander Eggleston. April, 1864. Hospital, New York. Buried at New Hartford. Horatio G, Eggleston. April, 1864. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria, Buried at New Hartford. Henry Van Dusen, Jan, 3, 1865, Charies Tuttie. Jan, 3, 1865, at Hospital, City Point, Jefferson T. Lent. July 8, 1865. 'While on the way fi-onl Georgetown to Chain Bridge, July 6, as mounted orderly, he was running horses -with WiUiam H. Tiffany, when his horse fell, throwing him, and falling upon him, causing his death in forty-eight hours. He had gone Unhurt through every battle ofthe regiment. His mother came from New York hoping to find him aUve, but his Company had afready embalmed the body and sent it home. He was only about seventeen years old, and a general favorite. 193 SECOND CONNECTICUT COMPANY Q. KILLED. Quarter Master Sergeant Joseph B. Payne. Cold Harbor. Thigh. Wilson Waterman. Winchester. Leg amputated, but died immediately. Chauncey L. Warner. Winchester. Knee. Piece of Shell. Henry Peck. Winchester. Head. Shell. Corporal Charles J. Reed. Cedar Creek. Breast. Corporal George W. Page. Cedar Creek. Neck. Buried at Cornwall Bridge. (These two Corporals were found dead, and locked in each other's arms.) Elisha Soule. Cedar Creek. Head. 'While lying down near the road in the morning, a musket ball took away the top of his head, leaving a piece of skull in his cap. He was found alive at night, stripped of everything, and did not expfre until ten the next morning, DIED OF WOUNDS. Horace Sickmund. Cold Harbor. Knee. Not supposed to be mortally wounded. Died July 14, 1864, at Hospital, Wash ington. Buried at Cornwall Bridge. Corporal Patrick Troy. Winchester. Arm amputated. Seemed on the way to recovery, but had a relapse. Died Oct. 20, 1864, at Hospital, Baltimore. Buried at Falls Village. HEA-VY ARTILLERY. 193 James H. Vanburen. Wincliester. Leg twice amputated. SheU. Died Nov. 1, 1864, at Hospital, Sandy Hook. Quarter Master Sergeant Charles Ingersoll. Winchester. Leg. Had also been wounded at Cold Harbor. Died Oct. 1, 1864, at Hospital, Sandy Hook. Buried at Amenia,- N. Y. George CUnton, Winchester. Leg amputated. Died at Sandy Hook. James M. Palmer. Cedar Creek. Neck and shoulder. Shell. Died at Camp, Oct 32, 1864. Barney Kinney. Cedar Creek. Leg amputated. Died at Field Hospital, Nov. 11, 1864. Corporal Dwight B, Studley. Fort Fisher. Side and left fore-arm. Grape shot. Not at first supposed to be mortally wounded. Died at Lincoln Hospital, Washington, April 14, 1864. Buried at EUsworth, Conn. Sylvester Prout. Fort Fisher. Leg amputated. Died at Camp, Maa-di 36, 1864. MISSING. Robert Bard. North Anna River. May 24, 1864. Corporal James Stanley. Hatcher's Run. DIED OP DISEASE, Myron H, HubbelL Nov. 24, 1863. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at CornwaU. Philo Cole. Jan. 6, 1863. Regimental Hospital, Alexan dria. Buried in ComwaU. 194 SECOND CONNECfJCUt Lucien Rouse, Jan, 9, 1863. Fcvei. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Warren. Body sent home by Company. , Merritt Stone. Jan. 15, 1863. Regimental Hospital, Alex andria. Buried at Litchfield. Remains sent home by Company. Charles C. Herman. Jan, 19, 1863. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at SaUsbUry, Conn. Harvey Clark. Jan, IS, 1863, Regimental Hospital, Alex andria, Buried at Kent, John H. Bradley, March 10, 1864. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Paschal P. North. June 25, 1864. Hospital, Washington. Herman E. Bonney. June 28, 1864. Hospital, Philadelphia. Buried at Cornwall Bridge. Lewis Sawyer, July 26, 1864. Hospital, Washington. Buried at Cornwall Bridge. Henry H. Waters. Aug, 24, 1864, Albert A, Peck, Aug, 24, 1864. E-\haustion from march ing. Hospital, Washington. Allen WUUams. Aug, 28, 1864. Hospital, BlackweU's Is land. John M. HambUn. Oct. 16, 1864, Buried at Warren, Died while on furlough. WilUam 'Wliite. Dec, 16, 1864, Fever, Lincoln Hospital, Wasliington. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 195 Sergeant Albert Robinson, March, 1865. Hospital, Annap- oUs. Buried at CornwaU Bridge. Discharged for disability, but died before reaching home. John Lapham. Nov, 9, 1864. Killed by Raifroad accident near Philadelphia, returning from furlough. WUUam Slover. Drowned in Potomac, near Georgetown, watering mules. Bmied in Kent. 196 SECOND CONNECTICUT COMPANY H. KILLED. Henry C. Straight. Cold Harbor. Head. Charles W. Jackson. Cold Harbor. Head. Theodore A. Barnes. Cold Harbor. Head. Second Lieutenant Horace Hubbard. Winchester. His back was fearfully torn by a sheU, and he lived but a short time. He sent dying messages to his friends at home, and said he beUeved it was all for the best. " Tell the boys of Company D, (in which he was formerly First Sergeant,) that I always meant to do right by them, and to forgive me if I have not." He was buried exactly where he fell, but since the war his re- main-s have been removed to Plymouth. Ffrst Lieutenant FrankUn M. Candee. Winchester. Buried in Bristol. [See page 95.] Edward Mead. Cedar Creek. Breast. Stripped by rebels on the field. DIED OP WOUNDS. Jerome Johnson. Cold Harbor. Thigh. Died at Field Hospital, June 16, 1864. Harvey Pease. Petersburg. Died at Field Hospital, June 21,1864. [See page 75.] HEAVY ARTILLERY. 1&7 Captain Frederick M. Berry. Winchester. He lay near Candee when that ofiicer was killed, and taking the valuables from the body, went on with the regiment in the charge that foUowed. As his Company emerged from the woods that bordered the plain on the east, with Winchester on the left, he gave the command " By the right flank, march I " and was at that moment struck just below the knee, and fell with a groan. He died at Taylor's Hotel Hospital, Winchester, and was buried in Kent, Conn. Colonel Kellogg used to say that Capt. Berry had more excellencies and less faults than any other officer in the regiment. Daniel Payne, Cedar Creek. Died Nov. 17, 1864, at Sher idan Field Hospital, Winchester. MISSING. Patrick Lynch, Gold Harbor. DIED IN REBEL PEISONS. Herbert H. Reed. Spottsylvania. Died of starvation, at AndersonvUle, July 4, 1864. Moses L. Wigglesworth. Spottsylvania. Died of disease and starvation, at AndersonviUe, Aug. 36, 1864. DIED OP DISEASE. Henry A. Calhoun. Dec. 33, 1863. Measles. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Washington, Conn. WilUam C. Warner. Dec. 23, 1863. Typhoid fever. Reg imental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Washington, Conn. 198 SECOND CONNECTICUT WUUam H. Dains. Jan. 16, 1863. Measles. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at Washington, Conn. Lewis St, John. March 17, 1863. Camp fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Kent, Conn. Sheldon Clark. April 10, 1863. Lung fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Washington, CKam. Sergeant Garwood R. Merwin. 1863. Typhoid fever. Pri vate house, Alexandria. Buried at New Milford. Ira S, Bradley. Feb. 31, 1864. Typhoid fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Roxbm-y, Conn. Henry Bridge. August 1, 1864. Worn out in the Shenan doah Valley. He was fifty years old. After bravely and faith fully going through the campaign fiom Spottsylvania to Har per's Ferry, he fell out when the regiment was up the VaUey, and never returned. His place of death and burial not defi nitely known ; — somewhere near Harper's Ferry. Sylvester C, Piatt. Aug. 5, 1864. Chronic dysentery. Died at Hospital, New York. Place of burial not certainly known. Joseph R. Loveridge. Sept. 13, 1864. -Chronic dysentery. Hospital, Washington. Seventeen years old. WUlis HartweU. Oct. 28, 1864, Fever, Hospital, Mai-tins- bm-g. Probably buried at Martinsburg. tiEAVY ARTILLERY. 199 COMPANY I. Friend F. Kane. Cold Harbor. Head. Ahnon D, Galpin, Cold Harbor. Head. Charles Barney. Winchester. Shell. WilUam Fitzgerald. Cedar Oeek. Samuel B. Ferris. Cedar Creek. Addison Cook. Cedar Creek. David Cramer. Fort Fisher. Thomas Wheeler. Fort Fisher. 9 DIED OF WOUNDS. Curtis "Wheeler. Cold Harbor. Through both thighs by same ball. Died at Armory Square Hospital, Washington, June 13, 1864. Sergeant Walter J. Orton. Winchester. Left arm and ante rior walls of thorax. Exhaustion in consequence of secondary hemorrhage. Died at Sheridan Field Hospital, Winchester, Oct. 7, 1864. Buried at Woodbury.. Corporal Charles P. Flushman. Winchester. Abdomen. Died at Sheridan Field Hospital, Winchester, Sept. 21, 1864. Seymour LobdeU. Cedar Cieek. Died Nov. 16, 1864. 300 SECOND CONNECTICUT Sergeant George E. Judson. Cedar Creek. Left hip. Died at Patterson Park Hospital, Baltimore, Oct, 31, 1864. Buried at Southbury, Conn. Charles Bennett. Cedar Creek. Bowels. Died in an am bulance, on the way to Winchester, Oct. 21, 1864. Corporal Patrick Brady. Cedar Creek. Died at Hospital, Martinsburg, Nov. 1, 1864. Hara A. Barnes. Wounded or injured at Noel's Station, near North Anna River, May 36, 1864, while tearing np rail road track. Died at Mount Pleasant Hospital, Rhode Island, June 14, 1864. George W. Locklin. Winchester. Thigh. Died at Hospi tal, Baltimore, Oct. 30, 1864, ofhis wound and fever. MISSING. Tunothy F, Walsh, Hatcher's Run. Feb, 6, 1865. DIED IN REBEL PRISONS. Albert Woodruff. Cedar Creek. Died at SaUsbury, June 8, 1865. Marshall Lines. Cedar Creek. Died at Andersonville, Feb. 8, 1865. DIED OF DISEASE. John S. White. Nov. 13, 1863. Regimental Hospital, Al exandria. James C, PoUey. Nov. 19, 1862. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. HEA-VY ARTILLERY. 301 Harvey H, Fox. Feb. 4, 1863. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Woodbury. Corporal Henry F. Hard. Dec. 15, 1863, Died whUe at home on furlough. Buried at Woodbury. Charles L. Thomas. Jan, 16, 1864. Lung fever. Regiment al Hospital near Alexandria, Buried at Woodbury, Corporal Horatio S. Thoraas. Feb, 20, 1804. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria, Buried at Woodbury. Banks Lounsbury. Feb, 23, 1864. Black measles, Alex andria, Timothy ElweU. March 3, 1864, Fever, Regimental Hos pital near Alexandria, James Sidney. March 10, 1864. Pleurisy. Regimental Hos pital near Alexandria. Isaac Briggs, June 22, 1804. Emory Hospital, Washington. Wounded in foot at Cold Harbor. Corporal Edward BeU. Oct. 17, 1864. Chronic diarrhea. Hospital, Martinsburg. Joseph Colonel. Oct, 19, 1864, Hospital, Annapolis. Corporal CorneUus Goebel, Feb, 25, 1865. Fever, Bridge port, Conn,, while on furlough, John K, Northrop. Dropped dead in the street in New York, while on his way home on furlough. 202 SECOND CONNECTICUT COMPANY K. KILLED. Sergeant George H. McBurney. Cold Harbor. Head and body, John Warner, Cold Harbor. Bowels. SheU. Robert SothergiU. Cold Harbor. Neck. David D. Lake. Cold Harbor. Andrew Jackson. Cold Harbor. Edmund Hickey. Cold Harbor. Peter GaUagher. Cold Harbor. Henry B. Bristol. Cold Harbor. Side torn out by sheU. Isaac Baldwin. Cold Harbor. Franklin Andrus. Cold Harbor. Shell. Henry H, Hyatt. Petersburg, June 33. Neck. Lucien Button. Winchester. Head. Piece of shell. Alexander D, Kasson. Cedar Creek. Head. Johu H, R. Hipwell. Cedar Creek. DIED OF WOUNDS. Jacob Wentworth. Cold Harbor. Leg. Died June 30, 1864. Edward B, Grifiin, Cold Harbor. Breast and shoulder. Shell. Died June 3, en route to White House, and buried by roadside. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 203 Charles Reed. Cold Harbor. Died June 2, 1864. Asahel N. Perkins. Cold Harbor. Thigh and arm. Died Oct. 14, 1864, at Hospital, Baltimore. John Munson. Cold Harbor. Ankle. Grape shot. Foot amputated. Died Aug. 30, 1864, at Hospital, New Haven. WiUiam B. Leach. Cold Harbor. Died June 19, 1864. Patrick Kennedy. Cold Harbor. Side. Died at Hospital, David's Island, New York, June 16, 1864. Owen Cromney. Cold Harbor. Shoulder. Died July 24, 1864. Alfred June. Petersburg, June 20. Shot by sharpshooter in back and hips. Died June 31, 1868. Ffrst Lieutenant James P. McCabe. Winchester. Sharp shooter's baU, smaller than minie. entered left hip and came out right hip. It also passed through a compactly rolled rub ber blanket, which, when unfolded, showed more than twenty holes made by the same shot. Died at West Goshen, Oct. 3, 1864. Albert J, Miner. Cedar Creek. Thigh. Died Nov. 1, 1864. Buried at New Haven. Charles A. Johnson. Cedar Creek. Shot through both hips by sharpshooter. Died Oct. 30, 1864. Charles Haviland. Cedar Creek. Thigh. Died Nov. 15, 1864. 204 SECOND CONNECTICUT Charles H. Russell. Cold Harbor. Had previously deserted aud been retaken. DIED IN REBEL PRISONS, Sergeant Lant Ryan. Petersburg, June 33. Died at An- derson-ville. Amaziab Downs. Cedar Creek, Died at Salisbury, Dec. 18, 1864, Noble Andrus, Cedar Creek. Andersonville. Reported dead by Clara Barton. DIED OF DISEASE. Corporal Wesley T. Glover. Dec. 28, 1863. Typhoid fever. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Buried at WoodviUe, Conn. His name is inscribed on a soldiers' monument in Terryville. Charles B. Ferris. Jan. 5, 1863. Brain fever. Regimental Hospital, Alexandria. Sergeant William S. Watson. Jan. 28, 1863. Died in his tent at Fort Worth, near Alexandria, after three days' illness of brain fever. Buried in Connecticut. Fifer George A. Hoyt. June 6, 1863. Fever. Regimental Hospital near Alexandria. Buried at Plymouth. Leander Ide. Feb. 9, 1864. Regimental Hospital near Al exandria. Buried in Connecticut. George W, Harrington. Feb. 25, 1864. Regimental Hospi tal near Alexandria. Buried at Sherman, Conn. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 205 Eben Norton. June 13, 1864. Fever. Hospital, Alexan dria. Buried at Plymouth. John Burch. July 31, 1864. Anton Barth. Nov, 11, 1864. Wolcott Cook. Jan. 16, 1865. Chronic diarrhea. Sixth Corps Hospital, City Point. Corporal Sidney A, Law. Jan. 29, 1865. New Milford, Buried at New Milford. Henry Colby. June 17. 1864. Hospital, Rhode Island. Shot himself through the hand at North Anna River, intentionally, (aa wag supposed.) and died of the wound. 206 SECOND CONNECTICUT COMPANY L. kuXed. John Martin, Cold Harbor. First man kUled in L Com pany. Buried by Lieutenant Snowden. August Berg. Winchester. DIED OP WOUNDS. Williara Day. Winchester. Hip. Died , 1864. John Pollard, Skirmish near Tolopotomy, May 31, 1864. Head, Died June 17, 1864, at Hospital, Philadelphia, Left family destitute. Corporal Norman Mansfield. Skirmish on Tolopotomy, May 31, 1864. Leg amputated. Died June 16, 1864. Sergeant George Parker. Cold Harbor. Side. Probably died at New Haven. Amos L. Ives. Cold Harbor, , 1864. DIED IN REBEL PRISONS, OR AFTER RELEASE. Fred, Hooker. Cedar Creek. Died Dec. 1, 1864. George Grover. Cedar Creek. Patrick Butier. Taken by Mosby at Leesburg after the reginient had returned from Snicker's Gap. Died in DanviUe prison, March 4, 1865. HEAVY AhTlLLERY. 207 Corporal WilUam Dixon. Taken prisoner at Petersburg, June 22, 1864, Exchanged and died at Parole Camp, Dec, 24, 1864. DIED OP DISEASE, Corporal Henry A. Hubbell. July 3, 1864. Hospital, City Pouit. Diarrhea. Buried at New Haven. Corporal William Morton. March 7, 1865. Horace B. Wood. Dec. 12, 1864. Fred. Slade, Sept, 21, 1864, Died at Frederick City, Md. Real name, Alfred Slade. Left a family in England. He was very sUghtly wounded in the hand at Cold Harbor, — but his death was caused by disease and marching. WiUiam Malloy. August 21, 1864, Thomas B, Foster. March 17, 1865. Hospital, Alexandria, Charles Davenport. March 21, 1865. 208 SECOND CONNECTICUT COMPANY M. KILLED. Patrick Keegan. On picket at North Anna river. May 24, 1864. First mau killed in the regiment, Sarauel S, Osborne. Cold Harbor. Leg. Shell. Also, a tree top, cut oft' by a shell, fell upon him. Abner W. Scott. Winchester, Name inscribed on soldiers' monument in Terryville. DIED OF WOUNDS. John Fay. Fort Fisher. Thigh, Died AprU 10, 1865, Thoraas Doyle, Winchester. Breast. Died Sept. 22, 1864, Thomas Colburn. Petersburg, June 33, 1864. Died in Hos pital, Connecticut. MISSING. Aaron Joseph. Petersburg, April 2, 1865. William Bergen. Petersburg, June 23, 1864. DIED OF DISEASE. John Thomas. Feb. 13, 1864. Regimental Hospital, near Alexandria. Lorin L, Morris. Nov, 16, 1864. Hospital, Winchester. James H, Case. March 5, 1864. Regimental Hospital, Al exandria. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 209 CHAPTER XVI. THE SURVIVING WOUNDED. This Chapter does not pretend to give all that niiglit be of interest concerning the wounded. In the nature of the case, that would be an impossibility. All the facts that could be obtained, however, after the most laborious research, are sot down. By the term " Sur-riving Wounded,'' which heads this chap ter, is meant those who survived until the muster out of the regiment. Since that time many have died, some of them doubtless from the effect of wounds or army hardslups ; — but to inqufre them out for the purposes of this history Would be an impracticable undertaking. Whether we have war or peace, that Ust must ever increase, and ever be incomplete, until •' the last man " shall briug up the rear ol that long column of which Daniel E. Lyman, the first man, led the advance. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel (afterwards Brigadier General and Brevet Major General) Ranald S, Mackenzie. [See Chapter XVII,] Major William B. Ells. Cold Harbor. A musket ball passed through the bone of the right leg, between the knee and ankle, in such a manner as to inflict permanent injury. The perios- 310 SECOND CONNECTICUT teum has never re-formed, and the major, after four full years, is still compelled to use a cane or crutches- Major (afterwards Lieutenant Colonel) Jeffrey Skinner, was twice wounded ; flrst by a shell at Winchester, [see page 96,] and at the capture of Petersburg, April 3, 1865, by a musket ball in the side. In the flrst instance he was absent from duty not more than a month, and only six weeks after receiving the latter wound, although it was quite severe. Captain (afterwards Major) Chester D. Cleveland, then Ord nance Officer of First Division, Sixth Corps, was sUghtly wounded in the arm at Cedar Creek, but did not report it. Sergeant Major (afterwards Second Lieutenant) Frederick A, Lucas, received a wound in the left thigh at Cedar Creek, which disabled him for several months. He returned to the regiment just in time to receive another wound, (a slight one) in the affair at Hatcher's Run. He was promoted for gallantry at Winchester and Fisher's Hill, and Colonel Mackenzie told the writer, jnst after those battles, that he never saw a braver man than Sergeant Major Lucas. Ffrst Lieutenant and Adjutant Theodore F. VaiU, Fort Fisher. Flesh wound, left hip, by cast iron ball from spherical case shot. COMPANY A. At Cold Harbor. Quarter Master Sergeant George W, Mason. Head. Very severe, and at first supposed to be mortal, — but after many mouths he recovered, and was mustered as Captain and As sistant Quarter Master in the general service, having been HEAVY ARTILLERY. 211 commissioned thereto by President Lincoln before he was wounded. Watson Cogswell. Left ai-m. [Also see Winchester.] Samuel Gunn. Shoulder. Corporal Curtis P. Wedge. Right hand. Corporal Seth Whiting. Hand. Edward HuU. Buttocks. Lyman F. Morehouse. Wrist. James Ferris. Leg amputated. Robert W. Coe. Arm amputated. Also, wounded iu toe. Charles Belcher. Shoulder. John Benedict. Breast. Michael Bray. Hip. John BaUey. Arm. Charles Carter. Shoulder. Robert Crawford. Arm. Edson S. Dayton. Thigh. Myron E. KUboum. Finger amputated. John Lawlor. Both thighs. David McBath. Arm. Norman B. Perkins. Hand. Harvey B. Perkins. Side. James M. Prindle. Fingers. Jason St. John. Knee. Had previously been wounded in the other knee, when a member of the Eight Connecticut Vol unteers. Reuben A. Swift. Cheek and thigh. George F. Waugh. Breast. David P. Wetmore. Leg. First Lieutenant Hubbard E. Tuttle. Head. First Lieutenant Bushrod H. Camp. Leg, 213 SECOND CONNECTICUT At Winchester. Frederick T. Jennings. Left hand and head. Wounded while passing over the knoll between the tWo ravines. Captain Alexander B. Shumway. Leg. Wounded where the regiment was first moved into action. Second Lieutenant Daniel E. Marsh. Arm. Wounded in the first ravine. Watson Cogswell. Arm. Corporal Henry T. Cable. Abdomen. Severe. Woimded while going from the first to the second ravine. Edmund P. Aiken. Head. James Moll. Leg. Real name James Moore. It was entered wrong at first, and like that of Hfram U. Grant, had to remain wrong. Edmund Haley. Leg. At Fisher''a mil. James L. Osborn. Side. At Cedar Creek. Sergeant WiUiam S. Smith. Head. Also, at Port Fisher in foot, slightly. Thomas Morris. Face. Joseph Moody. Ankle. At Fort Fisher. Corporal Horace N. WilUams. Mouth. BaU could not be found, and after four months was taken out from the back of HEAVY AllTlLLERY. 313 his neck. The muscles of one eye Were cut or destroyed, so that it cannot be shut. COMPANY B. At Skirmish on Toloptomy, May 81, 1864. Mortimer M, LUUbridge. Foot^ WilUam H. Surdam. At Cold Harbor. George W. Mansfield. Leg. Also wounded at Fisher's HUl in leg, and had thumb shot off at Sailors' Creek. Was scalded to death by colUsion on Housatonie Raifroad, on his way home, al'ter being discharged. Had never been homesince enUsting, Daniel O. Page. Paroled prisoner. Sergeant George L. Johnson. Hip, Augustus Adams. Leg. Horace Bail. Breast, Richard Brown, Head, Sheldon Carley. Head. Newton W, Cogswell. Arm. John Coons. Breast and back. Ezra Clark. Neck. WUliam Connell. Arm amputated, John Decker. Right hand. Daniel Dunlavey. Left hand. Hem-y Dryer. Foot. John Funk. Neck. Solomon Hinkley. Hand and head. Roger Lyddy. 214 SECOND CONNECTICUT Peter Malath. Thigh. Godfrey MiUer. Ankle. George McLane. Hand. John McMahon. Joel Snyder. Neck. Hem-y Tanner. Thigh. Daniel Taylor. Hand. Charles O, Whaples. Thigh. Francis Burger. At 'Winchester. Captain William H. Lewis, jr. Wrist. Sergeant (afterwards Lieutenant) William S. Cooper. Peter Flood. Leg, flesh wound. GUbert McMahon. Leg. Lewis Morey. Left arm.At Fisher's Hill. Luther E, Speed. Neck. John McGovem. Finger amputated. George W. Mansfleld. Leg. [Also see Cold Harbor.] At Cedar Creek. First Sergeant James Parks. Left leg. Piece of sheU. Sergeant Curtis HaU. Right shoulder. John Hughes. Fingers. Robert Ames. Hip. At Petersburg, April 2, 1865, Corporal Daniel T, Clark, HEA-VY ARTILLERY. 315 At Sailors' Creek. George W. Mansfleld. [Also see Cold Harbor.] COMPANY C. At the North Anna. Charles G. Adams. Hip broken tearing up Railroad near Noel's Station. Draws pension. Returned to duty before the close of the war. At Skirmish on the Toloptomy. James A. Bryan. Leg. At Cold Harbor. Patrick Harvey. June 3. Leg. Also wounded in leg at Winchester. James P. Quinn. Foot. Erastus Ruscoe. Arm. Corporal Harrison Whitney. Left el'uow. Draws pension. Peter Bunts. Arm amputated. George Manning. Heel. Anson Johnson. Leg. Henry W. Richards. Arm. Royal Stone. Neck. Enos Benedict. June 3. Leg. Also at Cedar Creek, ankle. Newton Calkins. June 7. Hand. At Petersburg. Seelye Richmond. June 32. Arm. 216 SECOND CONNECTICUT At Winchester, Patrick Harvey. Leg. Leonard Hower. Shoulder, Still suffers. Sergeant Joseph Sherry. Left arm broken ; never healed. Draws pension. Sergeant (afterwards Second Lieutenant) Calvin L. Davis. Color bearer. Right shoulder and arm. Thomas B, Stewart, Lost both feet. Shell. Lucien N, Whiting, Arm, Flesh wound. First Lieutenant Dwight C, Kilbourn, Both arms. Flesh wound. Shell, Anson F, Balcom, Foot, Flesh woimd. Walter E. Poster. Hip, Slight. At Fisher's HilL Henry Barnes. Leg. At Cedar Creei. John Quinn. Hand. Died in California since the war. Edmund Thorn, Foot and right hand. Corporal Frederick A, Hills, Right shoulder joint. Lost use of arm. Draws pension, Thomas O, Murphy, Neck. James Moran. Both hips. Captain (afterwards Major) A, H, Fenn, Right arm ampu tated. Walked three miles to Hospital al'ter being wounded. First Lieutenant Morris H, Siinford, Ai-m. George W. Brown. Arm. Henry D, Pierce. Arm. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 217 At Hatcher's Run. Charles G. Wheeler. Breast and arm. Draws pension. Orange S. Brown. Finger. At Fort Fisher. William E. McKee. Brigade Commander's Orderly. Hip. COMPANY D. At the North Anna, George W. Butler. Finger off. At Gold Harbm: Quarter Master Sergeant David B. Wooster. Thigh, slight. Afterward killed at Fisher's Hill. Charles Warner. Hand. He was from Watertown, and was not the Charles R. Warner killed at Cedar Creek. Benjamin WUUams. Leg. Flesh wound. Justin 0. Stoughton. Shoulder and back. Nathan H. Geer. Leg thrice amputated. Died at Hartford since the war, — in 1866. Co,rpoi-al Albert Alfred. Hand. Severe. Lawrence A. Hunt. Face and mouth. Everett Griswold. Hand. Finger amputated. Chauncey Culver. Side and breast. Severe. William EUiott.'. Back. Shell. Severe. Jonathan HaU. Head. Spent ball in forehead. WaUace E. Beach. Arm. George T. Cook. Shoulder. P 318 SECOND CONNECTICUT Zelotes P. Grannis. Head. William H. Harrison. Arm. Kelsey D. Clark. Head. James Slater, Leg. (Afterward killed at Winchester.) At Petersburg. Matthias Walter. June 20. Thigh. Severe. At Winchester. Corporal Ira H. Stoughton. Hip. Canister. Corporal John A. Castle. Lung, and from shoulders to groin. Very severe. Emery B. Taylor. Leg, WilUam H. Whitelaw. Thigh and head. David Davenport. Leg. Slight. Seeley Morse. Thigh. G, E, Clark, Leg. Slight. Philip H. Golde. Arm. Robert Tompkins. Face, George H. Bates. Side and back. Shell. Severe, George Hancock. Mouth, Frederick R. Keith. Wrist. At Fisher's Hill. Charles L. Bryan. Hand. SUght. [See Cedar CreeJi.] Swift McG. Hunter, Shoulder. Thomas BuUuss. Shoulder. Edward W. Conklin. Leg and Buttocks.' Mark B. Stone. Arm. Sergeant Samuel Brown. Heel. James Boyce. i HEAVY ARTILLERY. 219 Sergeant Charles P. Traver. Color bearer. Arm. Promoted to Second Lieutenant for gallantry. At Cedar Creek. Charles L. Bryan. Leg. Severe. Took part in the flnal batties, but died since the war (Feb. 1866) of the effects of chronic diarrhea. Buried in Watertown. Corporal Henry N. Bushnell. Neck. Severe. Corporal David A. Bradley. Neck. [See Port Fisher.] WUUam Lindley. Finger. Henry ToUes. Head. Sergeant (afterwards Second Lieutenant) Amzi P. Clark. Foot. John L. Conklin, Nehemiah Dutton, Side, Severe, Robert Lowrie. Breast, Severe, Ffrst lieutenant (afterwards Captain) Gad N. Smith. Leg. Corporal John Curtin. Corporal Ira Chapman. Arm. Edward Dwyer. Heel. Stephen C. Smith. Finger. Henry Smith. Leg. At Frni, Fisher. Sergeant David A. Bradley. Thigh. Severe. George E. Atwood. Ankle. Harvey Bronson. Shoulder. Severe, WiUiam A. Stoddard. Leg. 21220 SECOND CONNECTICUT COMPANY E. At Cold Harbor. Ernest Basney. Arm. August Hain. Lung. Peter Jordan. Jaw and hand. Richard Gingell. Hand. Patrick Lynch. Arm. Jacob Leroy. Arm and finger. Chauncey S. Loomis. Head. Charles G. Mason. Leg. Henry G, MitcheU. Arm and leg. John O'Connell. Arm and leg. Nathan Perry. Wrist and right shoulder. Edward L. Riker. Arm. William H. Seymour. Thigh. Henry P. Warner. Foot. Marcus J. Whitehead. Shot himself in hand. Henry Wenzel. Head, thigh and knee. Erastus Woodworth. Leg. Charles Walsh. Neck and -wrist. Christopher Arnold. Arm. Edward Beach. Hip. [See Cedar Creek.] Samuel U. Brewer. Leg. Corporal Da-vid Miller. Hand. Corporal WilUam A. Hosford. Shoulder. Charles B. Howard. Lung. Philip D. CarroU. Hand. At Petersburg. Robert Bulcraft. June 23, Thigh. Charles Walsh. June 26. Foot. HEAVY ARTILLERY, 221 At Winchester. Edmund B. Sage. Groin. Sergeant (afterward Lieutenant) William S. Cooper. Thigh, , Clark. Foot. James Maloy. Thigh. Martin Keaton. Leg. Elbert B. Rowe. Knee. Julius CoUins. Groin. At Fisher's Hill. John CampbeU. Leg. At Cedar Creek. Corporal Charles M. Burr. Leg amputated, [See page 129,] At Hatcher's Run. Charles Walsh. Side, Peter Larive. Finger, COMPANY P, At the North Anna. Charles J, Thompson, Right arm. At Cold Harbor. Alexander Waters, Right hand. James O. Hotchkiss. Left arm. WiUiam Malthouse. Left leg, John W, Shaw, Right leg, WilUam Burke. Breast and arm. Bernard Kelly, Hand. 833 SECOND CONNECTICUT Thomas Smyth. Hand. Alexander McCormick. Leg. Timothy F. KeUy. Hand. [Also see Winchester,] At Petersburg. Sergeant E, D. Lawrence. Shoulder. Severe. June 22. Sergeant James H. Hakes. Hand. SUght. AprU 2, 1865, At Winchester. First Lieutenant Warren Alford. SUght. Corporal Byron O. Hawley. Leg. Corporal Ira D, Jones. Arm. Corporal Thomas Noonan. Abdomen. Parley B. Gammons Thigh. John Johnson. Foot. Timothy P. KeUey. Right side. James F. Keith. Back. Ephraim Tucker. Arm. Michael McMahon, 3d. Edwin Walden. Thigh. Hqrace F, Calkins. Shoulder. Joseph McManus. Right side. Slight. George Simons. Hand. (Afterwards killed at Cedar Cf eekr) At Fisher's HiU. Corporal James H. Hakes. Shoulder, [Also see Petersburg.] John Rodemyer. Heel. At Cedar Creek. Sergeant Jesse Turner. Leg and buttocks* Otis BilUngs. Leg, HEAVY ARTILLERY. 223 Elisha L. Bancroft. Leg. Dwight Case. Several wounds — arm, side and thigh. Wayne B. Castle. Arm and side. Robert Cahill, Leg. Also taken prisoner. Morris E. Munger. Toe amputated. Rufus B, Smith. Arm. At Sailors' Creek. James Hyde. Arm. Slight. Corporal Seth Haskins. Shoulder. Severe. COMPANY G. At Cold Harbor. Charles Ingersoll. Shoulder. (Afterward mortally wounded at Winchester.) John Harris. Arm. Andrew J. Bolles. June 5. Foot. Horace Sickmund. June 3. Knee. John Christie. June 8. Hand. Pfrst Sergeant Henry Dean. Leg and ihigh. Very severe, John O'Dougherty. Arm. Timothy Leonard. Hand. John R. Thompson. Arm. Wesley Bunnell. Hand. John Byrnes. Arm. Michael Curley. Leg amputated. George Barton. Head. John Hawver. Shoulder. At Petersburff. Patrick Murphy. Hand. SUght. April 3, 1869. 334 SECOND CONNECTICUT At Winchester. Sergeant Julius A. Glover. Shoulders and head. Corporal Alfred L. Benedict. Ankle. Michael Gallagher. Arm. WiUiam Frazier. Hip. Asa Lee. Leg. George A. Case. Leg. At Cedar Creek. Corporal Matthew P. BeU, jr. Thigh and back. Very severe. Corporal Edward Hawver. Thigh. William C. Bowne. Leg. Peter Gihnet. Foot. Lewis Hamlin. Arm. John Curtin. Arm. Ira Chapman, Arm, At Fort Fisher. Sergeant Charles R. Stvift. Shoulder. Severe. Corporal WilUam CUnton. Leg. SUght. COMPANY H. At Cold Ha/rbor. Sergeant Lewis W. Mosher. Elbow. SheU. Corporal Henry A. Burton. Left hand. Corporal Uriah F. Snediker. Neck. Severe. Charles H. Butler. Hand. SUght. [Also see Winchester.] George Chamberlain. Leg. SUght. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 325 John Harris. Toe amputated. Henry M. Marshall. Right fore-arm. Henry Paine. Heel. Flank J. Wamer. Arm and hand. Hugh O'DonneU. Head. SUght. Daniel T. Somers. Foot. Severe. Alfred N. "Whittlesey. Shoulder. Very severe. Charles McDermott. June 8. Hand. Accidental. States B. Flandreau. Side. ShelL Slight. Had served in a rebel regiment. Edward Harrington. Mouth. At Petersburg. Corporal WiUiam E. Disbrow. June 20. Hit while carry ing Harvey Pease to the rear. [Also see Winchester.] At Winchester. Second Lieutenant James M. Snowden. Left wrist Charles H. Butler. Lost right leg. Corporal WilUam E. Disbrow. Shoulder. Charles E. GUbert. Thigh. Severe. Apollos Jennings. Hand. Slight. Henry W. MaUett. Hand. Corporal Henry S. Gridley. Fore-arm, Louis Weber, Nose, Jeremiah Thompson, Thigh, Very severe, Charles A, Way, Wrist, [Also see Sailors' Creek,] Alfred Cables, Knee. Sligfrt. Lucius S. Sherman. Foot. Hiram Cables. Several places with sheU. Shoulder and hand. 336 SECOND CCTNNECTJCUT At Cedar Creek. Ffrsf Lieutenant Johu M. Gregory. Right arm amputated at shoulder. Sergeant Robert Erwin, Right shoulder. Slight, Sergeant Minor A. Strong. Right thigh. Severe- Sergeant Irwin C, Buckingham, Thigh. Corporal Horace N, Sanford. Shoulder and leg. SUght, Joseph S. Knowles. Lower jaw shattered. Franklin Nichols. Back. Severe. Alanson Peet. Right arm, SUght. Edward O'Brien. Abdomen. Homer S, Sackett, Chest. William Smith, Foot. Charles Hurd. At Sailors' Creek. Charles A. Way. Arm, Slight. Prank J. Warner. Slight. COMPANY L • At tlie North Anna. Charles Smith. Buttocks. At Cold Harbor. Charles 8. TyrreU. Back. [Also see Winchester.] Corporal Benjamin Wellm.an. Left cheek and back. [See chapter XIX.] Abner Bennett. Arm amputated. HEAVY ARTILLERY, 227 Samuel Eastman, June 3. Daniel P, Galpin. Ankle. [Also see Winchester.] Sergeant Thomas Shaw. Arm. [Also see Cedar Creek.] WUUam Gregg. Lost right arm, Levi Hotchkiss, Hand and arm, John Hutchinson. Left breast. [Also see Cedar Creek.] Israel Lucas. Head. Seymour LobdeU. Thigh. (Afterwards kiUed at Cedar Creek,) At Petersburg. Corporal WiUiam H. Smith, Jflne 22, Foot. Ruel Hazen, June 22. Face. At Winchester. Second lieutenant Orsamus R. Fyler. Wounded in leg Tery much in the same maimer as Major Ells at Cold Harbor. Per iosteum stiU unhealed. Sergeant Cyrus T. Nicholson. Jaw and neck. Sergeant Marcus D. Smith. Right fore-arm. Corporal George W. Root. Leg. Charles Botsford. Leg. David Cramer. Foot. (Afterwards iUlied at Fort Fisher.) John Harrigan. Elbow. Thomas Harper. Leg. Andrew Knoph, Leg. Amos A. Lucas. Knee. Theodore Lockwood. Leg. William H. Reynolds. Knee. Sergeant Hubbard Hotchkiss. Hand. 338 SECOND CONNECTICUT Henry Taylor, Breast, John Turley, Shin, Daniel B, Galpin, Leg, William Webster. Knee, Corporal Charles S. TerreU, Thigh, Timothy P, Walsh, Knee, (Afterwards missing at Hatch er's Run.) Corporal Charles T, Squfres, Foot, At Fisher's HiU. WiUiam O'Brien, Breast, At Cedar Creek. Captain Walter Burnham, Thigh, Spherical case shot. Sergeant Thomas Shaw. Arm. Sergeant David W. Manning. Thigh. Sergeant Warden Stammer, Leg. John B, Parker, WilUam Davis, Hand, John Hutchinson, Leg amputated. David Backus, Frederick R. Hard, Leg. Ed-win HoUand, Leg, John McQueeny, Head. Jeremiah Newcomb. Leg. Andrew Tiemay, Arm, Daniel S, Taylor, Arm, Theron M, Woodruff, Face. Albert Woodruff, Charles Wright, Shoulder. Corporal Bela Potter, Leg. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 329 At Fort Fisher. Henry C. Rogers. Hand. Severe. At Sailors' Creek, Charles Fox. Arm. SUght, COMPAIied.- Hirsei D^gois, J. Ejispharg.ed. for. .disability Nov, J..7,, 1862. Alanson A. Negus. Mu3tei-,^d_, oat' July, 7, 18.65.,^ ..-.-.--. David Di Lake, j KiUgd.- Trumau O. Sanlijrd- M-ustered,'0ut July,7,, 18B5. .,yy" Lant RyKflHi" Died.api-isoiner., Musiciiins. ¦ -¦--¦'--'-' ••' ---s--- James Martin. Mustered out July 7, 1865, George A. Hoyt, jr. Died-, •'• '¦ ¦'¦¦ ¦' ' ,'.'.','' ^ "Wagoner. ¦ ¦¦ :-.'j ..-. -j.i.'j.j Minor C. Wq(i^g^/r Qpghar^d for disabiUty, August 13, \%%. .,. ^ _ Privates. _ Frankhn Andrus, --Killed,., ,' , ^ Noble Andrus. Missing. ^ ...-'., ' ..T ^ Isaac Baldwin. KiUed. " "" •--.'.''""• Chester L. Bancroft, Mustered out July 7, 1865. HEAVY ARTrLLERY 307 Hfram L. Bronson. Mustered out July 7, 1865. John H, Burns, Mustered out Juue 24, 1865, Charles A, Campbell, Mustered out July 7, 1865. Submit B. Castle. Discharged for disabUity Nov. 30, 1863. Cyrene M. Clark. Discharged for disability Feb. 6, 1863. John H. Cooper. Sergeant ; mustered out July 7, 1865. George R. Colby. Mustered out May 18, 1865. Heniy Colby. Died. Daniel Conley. Discharged for disability May 15, 1864. Frederick A. Dauchy. Discharged for disabUity Nov. 34, '64. Frederick Ette. Mustered out July 7, 1865. John Ette. Mustered out July 7, 1885. Charles D. Ferris. Died, Patrick FarreU. Sergeant ; mustered out July 7, 1865. Edward Griffin. KiUed. Wesley F. Glover, Died. Charles Gregory. Corporal ; mustered out July 7, 1865. Elizur A. Hodge. Corporal ; mustered out July 7, 1865. William Hart. Mustered out May 18, 1865. John Halion, Discharged for disability August 13, 1883. Stephen P. Harlow. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. Thomas Herbert. Mustered out July 7, 1865. Anglebert Herman, Mustered out July 7, 1865. Charles Himgerford, Mustered out July 7, 1865. Levi N, Jacus, Discharged for disability Jan. 34, 1863. Alfred .lune. Died of wounds. Bernard C, Keegan, Discharged for disabiUty August 11, '65. Alexander D. Kasson. Killed. Sidney A. Law. Died, Arthur Lockwood, Sergeant; Mustered out July 7, 1865, John A, Ludford, Discharged for disabiUty Feb. 35, 1865. George H, McBurney, Killed. . ,.-. o; .-.loO Erwin Munroe. Mustered .ftut^julyj^^ 18€i5>.-:;-,a ./. .-:¦.: hiiiO John M^nsojjn I>ief\,q-i^sw^vip.^-;':i:..r::.ya .H-^^-utl .>f yhn H^pjy Mufflhs-f A Di^cbarg^ifpr; fii^ilf^ 'ii^Xi-Sii^Mi'.Ka Eben Nortonr Died. .f,-j-;(.t .ifa-iifi ami John O'Connor. Discharged for disabift^rMayr}§,jJ§g^„ ^^ 308 SECOND CONNECTICUT Frank Parker. Mustered out July 7, 1865. WiUiam R. Parmelee. Discharged for disability Dec. 5, 18C2. Abner B. Palmer. Mustered out July 7, 1865. Asahel N. Perkins. Died of wounds. Asa Pettis. Mustered out July 7, 1865. Charles Reed. Killed. John Shores. Mustered out July 7, 1865. Allen Sawyer. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. Alonzo Stewart, Discharged for disability June 39, 1863, Edgar J, Stewart, Corporal ; mustered out June 9, 1865, George E, Taylor, Mustered out July 7, 1865. Thomas P. Tompkins, Corporal; Mustered out May 13, 1865, James Tracy, Discharged for disability June 8, 1865. Enoch G. Warhurst, Corporal ; mustered out July 7, 1865, John Warner, Killed. Francis Wedge. Sergeant ; mustered out July 7, 1865. Lebbeus J. Welch. Mustered out July 7, 1865: Jacob Wentworth, Died of wounds. Thomas Wheeler. Mustered out July 7, 1865. Alfred 'White. Mustered out July 7, 1865. George A. Wood. Mnstered out July 7, 1865. WUliam H. Knickerbocker. Jacob Warner, Jason W. Johnson. Noah B. Welch. Ira Warner. The Recruits of Company K. Charles N. Beeman. Sergeant ; mustered out August 18, '65. Orson Buell. Sergeant ; transferred to Field and Staff. Lucien Button. KiUed. George Brown, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Charles A. Bristol. Corporal ; mustered out August 18, 1865. PhUo K. Bassett. Discharged for disabiUty Dec. 30, 1865, Daniel Buckley. Corporal ; mustered out August 18, 1865. John Birch. Died. Anton Barth. Died. Heavy artillery. 309 Henry B. Bristol. KiUed. Hubert E, Banker. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Daniel Briggs, Mustered out June 13, 1865. Charles A. Bigelow. John Branau. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Lucius Brown. Mustered out August 18, 1865. George D. Beeman. Discharged lor disability July 25, 1865. Andrew Carney. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Johu H. Call. Mustered out August 18, 1865, Thomas Coleraine. Joseph E. Camp. Missing. Owen Cromney. Died of wounds; Robert Clark. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Michael Convey. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Lyman P, Cole. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. George H, Curtis. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Amaziah Downs. Died a prisoner. John Fitzpatrick. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Truman P. Favereau. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. John Foley. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Thomas Finnegan. Mustered out August 18, 1865. William H, Gorham. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Peter Gallagher. KiUed. WUliam S. Hines. Mustered out August 18, 1865. John H. R, HipweU. KUled. WiUiam Harrington. Mustered out August 18, 1865. George W. Harrington. Died. Homer W. Hodge, Discharged for disability Jan, 10, 1865. Edward D. Hall. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Edmund D. Hickey. KUled. Charles Haviland. Killed. Dennis Haley. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Henry H, Hyatt. Killed. George Hoxley. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Benjamin W. Higby. Mustered out August 18, 1865. " Leander Ide. Died. Charles A. Johnson. Died of wounds. 310 SECOND CONNECrtCTrl' Andrew Jackson. Killed. Patrick Kennedy. KiUed. George H, Knapp, Mustered out August 18, 1865. RosweU Kelly. Mustered out August 18, 1865. WiUiam B, Leach, Died, Joseph Lewis, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Edward Monroe. Discharged for disabiUty Jan, 24, 1864. Francis McAdam. Henry Miller. Charles May, Mustered out August 18, 1865, Ransom L, Maloney, Mustered out June 28, 1885. George W, Murphy, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Charles F. Morris. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Albert J, Miner. Died of wounds. Robert Morris. Corporal; mustered out August 18, 1865. Henry H, Mason. Corporal ; mustered out August 18, 1865, John Martin. Killed. Dennis Moore. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Oliver P. Piatt Mustered out August 21, 1865. George Piatt Discharged for disability March 8, 1865, Austin V. Rogers, Mustered out July 10, 1865. Charles H, Russell, Missing, Isaac Smith, Mustered out August 18, 1865. John Smith, Mustered out July 3, 1865. Robert SothergiU, KiUed. Chauncey Stevens. Discharged for disabiUty June 6, 1863. Edgar Smith. Mustered out August 18, 1865. William H, Stevens. Discharged for disability June 6, 1865. James Slatery. Mustered out August 18, 1885. Robert 8, Short. Mustered out Augusst 18, 1865, Francis SothergiU. Mustered out Sept. 5, 1885. Charles Simoson. Mustered out August 18, 186S. Evelyn L. Thorpe. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Abram A. Tolles. Mustered out August 18, 1865. AUen 8.' Tuttle. Discharged for disabUity June 23, 1865. William W, 'Wheeler, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Nathan B. Westbrook. Mustered out August 18, 1865. HEAVY artillery. 811 Deserters. John Bray, Daniel LaveU, Henjy S, Cummings. Oakley Middlebrook, John Clarke, Jolm Murphy, John Campbell, Frank Morton, Orrin Ferguson. Jaraes Mourow. James Finnegan, Michael Riley, Solomon Gorham. Charles H, Trigler, Charles A, Hoyt. Samuel WiUiams. William Howe. Benjamin Wells, James Jones. WiUiam Wenslor, WiUiam Kendrick. COMPANY L. Captain — James Deane. First Lieutenant — Philip E. Chapin. First Lieutenant — Edward C. Huxley. Second Lieutenant — James M. Snowden. Second Lieutenant — Oscar Piatt. (Composed entirely of Recruits.) WiUiam H. Allen. First Sergeant ; must, out August IS, "65. William Alfi-eds. Transferred to the Navy. George I. Babcock, jr. Sergeant; mu.st. out August 18, 1865. Timothy Brown. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Calvin A. Bowers. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Patrick Butler. Died a prisoner. James Busse. Mustered out August 18, 1865. August Berg. KiUed, Thomas Burns. Corporal; mustered out August 18, 1865, WUUam J. Burke, Mustered out August 18, 1865. James Bishop, Mustered out August 18, 1865, George Blackman. Mustered out August 18, 1865. James Bairy, Mustered out August 18, 1865, John Boyce, Mustered out August 18, 1865, 312 SECONi) CONNECTICUT' Jesse Cady. Mustered out August 18, 1865, Dugald Campbell, Q. M. Sergeant; must out June 10, 1865. John Calnon. Mustered out Jime 1, 1865. John Clow. Discharged lor disability Jan, 15, 1865. William J, Dixon, Corporal ; died, Ezra Daggett, Discharged April 18, 1865. Charles Davenport, Died, William Dostman, Sergeawt ; m^ustered out August 18, 1865. Marshall Davenport, Mustered out August 18, 1865. John Dostman. Mustered out August 18', 1865, Anthony Dougherty. Mustered out August 18, 1865, Oliver Dugette, Corporal ; Mnstered out August 18, 1865. William Day. Died of wounds. Peter Dolan, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Seneca Edgett. Sergeant ; Commissioned, Thomas B, Poster. Died. Thomas Farrell. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Clark Fox. Mustered out August 18, 1865, Patrick FarreU, Mustered out August 18, 1865. George R, Grover, Died a prisoner, Sylvester Graves, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Charles A. Gouliet, Mustered out June 1, 1865, Ch.-irles E. Groat. Corporal; mustered out June 10, 1865. James Gillin. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Charles W. Hale. Sergeant; Mustered out August 18, 1865. Robert Harrington, Discharged lor disabUity Nov, 1, 1864. Noah Hart, Discharged for disability Nov, 15, 1865, Frederick Hooker, Died. Henry A. Hubbell. Corporal ; died. WiUiam HaU. Mustered out August 18, 1865; James Hughes. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Charles Heidenrich. Mustered out May 31, 1865. James Hyatt, Corporal; mustered out August 18, 1865. Amos L. Ives. Died of wounds. Henry Jones. Transferred to the Navy, Van Leeson Jenks, Mustered out June 12, 1865. Richard M, Kelly, Transferred to the Navy. HEAVY ARTILLERY, SIS' Austin P, Kfrkham, Sergeant; Coraraissioned, George McCoy. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. William MoUoy. Died. Norman Mansfleld. Corporal ; died of wounds. Thomas McDonald. Mustered out August 18, 1865, Andrew McGrath, Sergeant ; mustered out July 7, 1865. WiUiam Morton. Corporal ; died. John Martin. Killed, John Mullen, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Henry McGinety, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Thoraas May, Mustered ont August 18, 1865, Edward H, Northrop. Corporal ; must, out August 18, 1865. Peter D. Nelson. Mustered out August 18, lS65t George Norman. Mustered out June 33, 1865. John Owen. Mustered out June 9, 1865. Dominick O'Brien. Mustered out August 18, 1865. EUsha Peck, Mustered out June 17, 1865. John S. Parmelee. Sergt. Major ; transfd. to Field and Staffs Walter William Payn. Discharged for disability Jan. 18, '65. George Phelps. Mustered out June 19, 1865, William Parry, Mustered out August 18, 1865, George Parker. Sergeant ; disch'd for disability Sept. 34, '64. John Pollard. Died, George M. Perkins. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Charles H. Ryan. Corporal ; mustered out June 9, 186,5.. WiUiam Rodman. Mustered out August 18, 1865... Isaac Reimert. Mustered out August 18, 1865. George Reed, Discharged for disability June 5, 1865. William Ragan. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Samuel N. Scranton, Corporal ; mustered out June 1, 1865.. WiUiam A. Slenker. Sergeant ; Mustered out Ausust 18, '65.. Watson W. Stone. Disoh'd April 3, '64 ; iurniahed, substitute^ John S. Strickland.. First Sergt.; must, out August 18, 1865.. George W. Scott. Corporal; mustered out August 18, 1865, Edward A. Snow. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Frederick Slade. Died. Frank Sabine. Discharged for disability April 39, 1865., V 314 SECOND CONKirCTlCfCrT O-eorge Stringer. Biard Tuttle. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Edward Thomas, 3d. Mustered out August 18, 1865. WUliam Travers. Transfei-red to Veteran Reserve Corps. Thomas Taylor. Mustered out August 18, 1865. WUliam Vrooman. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Nelson Vrooman, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Adelbert D, Webster. Corporal ; mustea-ed out August 18,'65. John Woods. Mustered oat Angust 18, 1865, William Williams. Corporal; mustered out August 18, 1865, James Wilson, Corporal ; mustered out August 18, 1865. Peter Welltrot, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Horace B. Wood. Died, Christopher C, Wells. Mustered out June 15, 1865, Morris W, White, Mustered out August 18, 1865, Patrick Wallace, Deserters. John Emerson. George Alexander, William Brown, John Brown, Ernest Bauer, Thomas Butterfleld, James W, Blake. Robert Burk. David Brown, Adam Bartholomew, Byron Booth, Andrew Clark, Richard Crawford, John Clark. Richard DarUng, Elliott L. Dorman, Oscar Davidson, John Davidson, Edward M. Dunham. Thomas Daley, James Edmonds. Andrew Edwards. Joseph Furniss. Crcorge Ferguson. George Fiss, John Finnegan, George Fairbanks. Albert Fisher. Thomas A. Goodman. John M. Grant Joseph Gettier. George Green, John Gilmore, John Greenwood. Richard G. Hawkins. Albert Howe. Jame.s Haywood. Peter Hanson. John Hilton. James Hart. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 815 WiUiam Hall. Charles Hart. Benjamin Hawkins. George Jackson. WUUam Jones. Edward King. John Keeler. Patrick Kelly. James Kanar. George King. John Lewis. Henry Lewis. Wendell Lehman. WilUam Lee. John McQuanne. Thomas McCarty. Alexander McCarty. David MiUer. Thomas Maxwell. James McDonald. Michael Moroff. Frank McKay. Patrick Murray. WUUam Myer. John Mclntyre. Patrick McCormick. John O'Briem Edward O'Brien. Henry Peters. David Purdy. William Provost. Joseph Palmer. John Roberts. Patrick Riley. Charles Russell. James Smith. Charles Smith. Edward L. Sangston. Martin Sullivan. James Shaw. George Thompson. Charles Thompson. Edward Thomas, 1st. WiUiam Thompson. John Tracy, (substitute for Watson W, Stone,) James Van Slyke. AUen G. Winnegar. Thomas Weldon. John "White. James Watts. John Wright. Andrew Wilson. COMPANY M. Captain — Edward W. Marsh. First Lieutenant — James P. McCabe. First Lieutenant — Second Lieutenant— B-enry Skinner. Second Lieutenant — (Composed entfrely of Beemits.) Henry R. Hoyt. Ffrst Sergeant ; Commissioned. 316 SECOND CONNECTICUT Silas A. P.aliner. Q. M. Sergt; mustered out May 13, 1865. Charles Allen. Mustered out August 18, 1865. WiUiam Bergen. Missing. George Bunnell. Mustered out August 18, 1865. WilUam T. Blake. Mustered out June 22, 1865. Charles Brant. Mustered out August 18, 1865. John Burns. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Charles C. Bosworth. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Patrick Cosgrove. Discharged for disability Nov. 33, 1864. Edward Corcoran. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Samuel Cummings. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Thomas Colburn. Died of wounds, James H. Case. Died. Edward Crosby. Mustered out June 13, 1865. George H. Couch. Mustered out June 33, 1865. James Doyle, Mustered out August 18, 1865, Thomas Doyle, Died. Theodore Drune. Mustered out August 18, 1865. George W. Dayton, Mustered out June 1, 1865. Alexander EUcock. Mustered out June 1, 1865. WilUam Erwin. Mustered out May 30, 1865. Cornelius L. Everett. Mustered out June 8, 1865. James Fitzsimmons. Mustered out June 9, 1865. John Feeney. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Patrick Feneren, Mustered out August 18, 1865, Peter Fitzgerald. Mustered out August 18, 1865. William Fisher. Transferred to the Navy. Martin H. Grube, Discharged for disability May 30, 1865. James Gallagher, Mustered out August 13, 1865. Charles E, Gilbert. Mustered out June 1, 1865. William Hoffman. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Peter Hayden, Mustered out August 18, 1865. John Jay, Mustered out August 18, 1865. Patrick Keegan. Killed. Azarie N. Lamoreux, Sergeant ; Commissioned. Patrick Little. Mustered out August 18, 1865. James H. Lee. Discharged for disability Oct 8, 1865. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 317 Amaziah Livingstone. Discharged for disability June 30, '65. William Munson. Discharged for disability August 8, 1865, John McFarden. Mustered out August 18, 1865, Henry Maskell, Sergeant; mustered out August 18, 1865. Samuel S. Osborne. KiUed. James M, Price. Discharged for disability March 31, 1865. James Parker. Mustered out August 18, 1865. George M. Price. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Bernard Riley. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Michael Roach. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Ellsworth M, Russell. Mustered out June 38, 1865. Edwin Rawson, Discharged for disability Feb. 17, 1865. Myron W, Schultz, Mustered out August 18, 1865, Samuel Simpson. Mustered out August 18, 1805. Men-itt W, Sweet. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Charles Smith. Mustered out August 18, 1865, George Schmidt. Mustered out Angust 18, 1865. Henry Strih. Discharged for disabUity June 13, 1865. Abner W. Scott. Killed. John Thomas. Died. Edward S. Tubbs. Mustered out August 18, 1865. George Taylor. Transferred to the Navy. Selah T. "Wheeler. Mustered out August 18, 1865. Peter Ward... Mustered out June 10, 1865. Deserters. Charles Anderson. Nicholas Burk. James Anderson. John Bruce. John Anderson. David Bartly. Thomas Adams. Patrick Birmingham. WiUiam Asken. Vinson Clark. Thomas Crown. Thomas Crane. James Brannon. Robert Colman. Andrew Burns. Joseph Carr, James Brown, Joseph M, Cooper. James A. Brown. George Cashier. ' Joseph Barber. John Cole. John Blaney. William Culver. ^18 SECONb CONNEcWctfT John Dow, Alfred Dickenson. John Davis, Thomas Donahue. John Dukin. James Devine. James M. Eagan. John Flannigan. Ransom J. Fargo. Thomas Foley. Michael Farrell. James Flinn. Andrew Flannigan. James Graham. John Hargent, Prank Henry. Patrick Hyland. Patrick Hagan. George Holland. WUliam E. Joy. James Jones. John Jones, 1st. John Jones, 3d. George Jones. John Kennedy. John King. Arthur Kemp. Patrick Kennedy. John Larkins. Robert Mullen. John McLaughlin. Thonias Mack. Charles Milton. Charles Marsh. John McShaahy. Terence O'NeU. George Pennington. William Potteri John Perston. Edson Patrick. WUUam Ryan. Henry Roth. John Rork. John Robinson. WiUiam Rouke. James Roberts. James Robinson, Henry Sraith. John Smith. James Smith, 1st. James Smith, 3d. John Shaahan, James Spellman, John Sweeney. Jacob Smith. WilUam A. Taylor. John Turner. Charles Thomas. George Thompson. John 6. TerreU. Horace A, Thompson. Peter Welch. Robert WiUis. George M, Washington. James Wilson, 1st. James WUson, 2d. Joseph Welch. John Williams. George White. John Wilson. Charles E. Wold. James Winslow. James C. WiUiams. Julius Zimber, HEAVY ARTILLERY. 319 CHAPTER XIX. BATTLE RECOLLECTIONS AND PERSONAI, SKETCHES, Captafri Walter Burnham furnishes the following state ments and reminiscences. They were not intended for pubUcation in their present form,— nevertheless, I take that liberty; for which, if Captain Burnham does not forgive me,— everybody else will ! New Preston, Conn., August 10, 1868. Friend YaUl : In accordance with your request, 1 will give you my recollections of Cold Harbor, beginning at the time when We, (the Thfrd Battalion,) were ordered to lie down among the pines. Shortly after Colonel Upton left, a young Lieutenant came into our midst (from what dfrection I know not,) and shouted, ''Now's the time — I'll lead you," and I on the impulse of the moment jumped up and shouted " forward," wh^n about hall of Co. "I," and a few men from H and C Cos, sprang forward and into the Johnnies' breastworks, — the thought that I was a Uttle rash and fast in giving the order came too late — and as most of my men had obeyed the order, I could do no less than foUow ; which I did and found it to be a safe place, com pared with the knoll, although not as comfortable as it might have been under difierent circumstances, there being some 13 or 14 inches of water in the ditch from which the Johnnies had taken the dire to cover their breastworks, besides a great number of wounded men (Johnnies) just over the Une of works,— some groaning, some crying for water, others call- 330 SEcONft CONNECTICUT ing upon some one to shoot them on the spot and ealA their misery ; I distinctly recoUdCt one little fellow from a Georgia Regt, who was severely wounded, evidently while attempting to come in a prisoner, as he lay on the north side of the breast work; his cries were terrible and heartrending duriug the entire night: "Why did my parents drive me into this cruel war ? why could not I have staid at home 1 Oh ! father, mother, shall I ever see yoU again? Water, water. Water: will some oue shoot me? kill me quick, I cannot endure this," &c,, &c,, and even under this call it was quite late in the night ¦before this young man was supplied with water, when lying perhaps not more than 20 it, off, aud this to the rear of our line^ 'but so Continuous was the flring no man dared to leave the "protection he then had. By raorning a great No, had died and we supposed a great many had been removed during the night, as we heard footsteps very distinctly during the entire night. Now under this excitement three-fourths of the men went to sleep and slept as soundly as would have been possible under far more favorable circumstances, I myself took my turn with two other men of my Co. to watch what we supposed to be a Johnny with musket in hand, just over the opposite side of the breastwork, whom we thought to be waiting or rather soliciting an opportunity to pick some of us ofl" ; we watched him till daylight, and found him still sitting by the side of a tree holding his musket between his knees, but dead ; was severely wouiided and died during the night. Just at the left of this man we found a Lieut. Col. severely wounded but full of pluck and vim; wouldn't tell his name, where he was wounded, what Regt,, what he wanted, and when taken back to the Hospital refused to take water from the nurses ; don't know whether he lived or died. By the way, shortly after we had gone into the Johnnies' line of works the 10th Vermont came and re-formed directly in rear of where we were and left the field ; this to me seemed a little strange, as it looked as though we were to vacate. Shortly after some one appeared from the swamp in front of us; we challenged him and found him to be from the 10th Vermont ; he proved to be a Sergt,, a HEAVY ARTILLERY. 321 tall 'sti-apping 6-fOoter, courageous, brave, full of pluck and daring, 1 felt quite satisfied to have him remain, as during the heavy firing occasionally some man would show a disposi tion to make to the rear, when this fellow's musket would corae to his shoulder, with the remark that he would blow the first man's brains out who attempted to leave that ditch ; the result was, most of us staid until morning ; about daylight wo missed the Sergt,, and shortly after discovered him rifling the pockets of our owu dead men ; he was arrested and sent to the Provo's, — he was a brave, courageous fellow, nevertheless, Vaiii, do you recollect the 2d morning after the fight, during a season of shelling, the fact of your sitting at the foot ol a chestnut tree and a solid shot or shell going through the body of the tree a iew feet above your head ; also the shelling -we received when we were marching down the ravine a little to the right and front of the line ; I always supposed I had a narrow escape ; a shell exploded just at the right of the line as we were moving by the flank, killed I think a man from D Co, just at pur rear; a piece of the same shell struck the top ear of my canteen, thereby entailing a loss of a canteen of water — which I liad been at some ti-oublc to obtain, — you kuow that water didn't come by pipe into the back kitchen in those dajs ; nevertheless I didn't feel like complaining. Sergeant Edward S, Roberts, -of Company F, makes the fol lowing statement -concerDing tbe battle of Cold Harbor : After wc had crossed the cornfield and lodged in the pines, (thc regiment being somewhat scattered,) Captain Jones had to take ccm- mand of the Third Battalion, Ells being wounded. Soon after. Cap- lain Jones sent for Co, F to reinforce bim, he having gained posses sion of ihe picket line on tbe right. Lieutenant Edwin S. Huhbard took the Company by ihe left flank to the left and front, instead of to the right. We passed down iuto a little ravine— as we supposed among our own men, when we %vere challenged. " Halt ! who comes there ?" Lieutenant Hubbard replied, " Company F, Sccond Con necticut." For a moment all was qniet except a buzz of voices along 322 SECOND CONNECTICUT fhe line, and then a flash and terrific volley went over onr heade. The Company stood low, in or near a small brook, and thus escaped utter destruction. We turned about, as it on a wheel, and then made for the rear in the utmost haste. Corporal (afterward Quartermaster Sergeant) Benjamin Wellffian, of Company I, gives the following history of his experi$Bee at Cold Harbor : I was woiinded: in the left cheefe, the' fcall passing through under the left ear, WWle the Third Battalion was advancing. This brought me down, and 1 was soon so weak that I could not get np. About two hours afterwatiJ, wMlr. (> K °s grf H *? !3 H « S « « ^ a F4 a On Picket at the North Anna, May 34, 1864, - - 3 5 1 On Picket on the Tolopotomy, May -30, 1864, Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864, 114 179 15 Cold Harbor, from Jane 2 to Juue 13, 1864, inclusive, Petersburg, Juue 30, 1864, Petersburg-, June 21, 1864, - Petersburg, June 23, 1864, Petersburg, June 26, 1864, - 'Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864, - Fisher's Hill, Sept. 33, 1864, Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864, » 38 96 3 11 Hatcher's Eun, Feb. 6, 1865, J 3 Fort Fisher, March 23, 1865, 7 13 Petersburg, Capture of the City, April a, 1865, - - 6 1 Sailor's Creek, AprU 6, 1865, 3 6 Spottsylvania and vicinity, 2 Snicker's Gap and vicinity, 1 234 470 24 23 HEAVY ARTrLLERY. 339 The number of Recruits received by each Company, after the regiment left the State, and before it joiued the Array of the Potomac, (in May, 1864,) was as foUows : Company A, 81 ; B, 95 ; C, 90 ; D, 84 ; E, 89 ; F, 77 , G, 82; H,84; L 94 ; K, 103; L, 194 ; M, 160, Total, 1385. The following oflScers and men were on picket at Cedar Creek on tbe morning of the 19th of October, and were taken prisoners. The rebel authorities soon after this time began to treat thefr captives more humanely, and these men were toler ably well treated. Most of them returned to the regiment about the time of Lee's surrender. First Lieutenant — Henry Skinner. Company E. — "WiUiam H. Fitzgerald, C. Griffin, Jolm Leon ard, Michael 'Welch, A. B. Young. Company L. — Sergeant Andrew McGraw, Sergeant 'WiUiam Dostman, Corporal Charles Grout, Corporal 'William Morton, James Busse, James Bishop, Calvin A. Bowers, WiUiam Burke, John Calnan, Edward M. Dunham, John Dostman, Anthony Dougherty, Peter Dolan, Charles Davenport, Clark Fox, Thomas FarreU, Patrick Farrell, Jahleel B. Hill, James Hughes, Charles W. Hale, Benjamin Hawkins, Henry Mc Ginety, Edward H. Northrop, Dominick O'Brien, George Perkins, Elisha Peck, William Parry, Williara Ragan, Thomas Taylor, Morris W. White, Horace B. Wood, Peter Weltrot, Lieutenant Kirkham was also captured that morning. He returned in May-, 1865 ; and was thenceforth on staff duty at General HambUn's Head-quarters, Besides these, there were many taken prisoners from various Companies, in various engagements and marches. Some of them were exchanged and returned to duty with the regi- 340 SECOND CONNECTICUT ment, and some reached various hospitals and were thence discharged trom the service. It is utterly impossible to obtain a complete list of them from the muster rolls in the Adjutant General's oflSce, or any where else. Among them, however, were tbe foUowing : Charles Merriman, Company A, captured in the Valley, but released after a few weeks. Daniel O. Page, Company B, captured at Cold Harbor, and paroled, John Smith and John H. Call, Company K, captured near Cold Harbor. Call returned to duty in May, and Smith in June, 1865. Franklin S. Graves, Company B, was captured at Cedar Creek, and after great sufferings in different rebel prisons, was exchanged and reached the regiment shortly after Lee's sur render. During the review of the Sixth Corps in Washington, he fell from the ranks by sun-stroke, and was carried to the hospital for dead. He recovered, however, and it seems that his hardships in war did not deter him from going to the vei-y far West, where he has recently had, among the Indians, an additional rough experience. Sergeant Minor A, Strong and Corporal Horace N, Sanford, both of Company H, were captured at Cedar Creek, and held a short time. WilUam P. Lane was taken at Spottsylvania, with Herbert H, Reed and Moses L, Wigglesworth, all of Company H, and confined at Andersonville. (The two last named died there, as reported in Dorence Atwater's liat.) Lane was exchanged. Hiram Hurphy and Harry Payne, Company H, were taken at Cedar Creek, and confined at Libby Prison and Anderson ville. HEAVY ARTILLERY. 341 Patrick O'Connor, John H, Hayes, Patrick Murphy, George Moore, PhiUp Myers, and Patrick Shaff,— all of Corapany C, — were captured at various times. The foUowing are among those who have died since the close of the war : Regimental Commissary Sergeant Prosper W. Smith. Sergeant Ferris Pond, Company A, of disease contracted in the service. Avery M. Allen, Company C, of disease contracted in the service. Company A. — Henry G. Gibbs, Thomas Herbert. Company B. — George W, Mansfield, Company C. — John Quinn. Company D. — Charles L, Bryan, Nathan H, Geer, Timothy Malone. Company Q. — Thomas Sherman, John Hawver, Hubert D. Hoxley. Company H. — George H. Potter. Company I. — Joseph MiUer. Many enUsted men of the old Nineteenth Connecticut Vol unteers, before the change to Artillei-y, received commissions in the U. S. Colored Troops. Among them were Romulus C. Loveridge, Company H ; Edward Coe, Company A ; Carfton Seymour and Norman M. Rust, Company P ; Lyman S. Cat lin, Company A; and James M, Bradley, Company I. The following is a list of the Ordnance and Ordnance Stores turned over by Lieutenant PhUip E. Chapin, of Company L, 343 SECOND CONNECTICUT to Lieutenant Henry Skinner, on the 29th of July, 1864, It was the Armament of Company L ; and the list is given here merely to show what a Company Commander was required to receipt for in those days, 74 Eniield rifled muskets, calibre ,577, 73 bayonet scabbards, 74 cap pouches and cone picks, 74 cartridge boxes, 28 cartridge box plates, 73 cartridge belts, 73 cartridge box belt plates, 61 gun slings, 43 waist belts, 13 waist belt plates. The following is a list of '' Clothing, Camp and Garrison Equipage on hand and to be accounted for by Lieutenant Philip E, Chapin, Coraraanding Company L, on the Slst of July, 1864." 60 cap letters, 50 cross cannon, 10 forage caps, 50 numbers, 31 trowsers, 24 blouses, 98 flannel shirts, 38 pairs drawers, 81 pairs liootees, 116 pairs stockings, 17 rubber blankets, 3 woolen blankets, 6l knapsacks, 90 haversacks, 78 canteens and straps, 35 J shelter tents, 1 Clothing Account Book, 1 Descriptive Book, 1 Order Book, In the table on page 13, the name of Frederick M. Berry should have been inserted as one of the recruiting officers of Company H, Captain Michael KeUy received an injury during the charge on tho rebel lines, April 2, 1865, which has since resulted in hernia. It is related in Chapter V how the regiment was paid off at Belle Plain, while en route for the front. During the two suc ceeding days the men sent home, to their relatives and friends, through Chaplain Phelps and the Christian Commission, over seventeen thousand doUars ; — ^while an unknown sum was also sent dfrectly by the men. HEAVY ARTILLERY, 343 The following copies of statements made to the Ordnance Department, concerning property that could not otherwise be accounted for, contain so much regimental history that I deem them worthy a placc in this chapter: I certify on honor that at various tiraes during October and November, 1864, I issued to all the twelve Corapanies of thc Secoud Connecticut Heavy Artillery certain Ordnance and Ordnance Stores for which, (except in the case of three Com panies,) 1 have never had receipts, and which I have been unable to invoice to any resjionsible officer or officers, for thc following reasons : tho Regiment, (with Sheridan's Army in the Shenandoah VaUey,) was, during the time these issues were made, constantly mai-ching or fighting. The casualties were so heavy that during part ofthis time there were but si.v officers present with twelve Compani.es. There have been changes iu the coraraand of every one of those Corapanies since that tirae, and most of them permanent changes. For these reasons, I could not invoice the property to the respon sible Comraandants of Companies, nor obtain their receipts. But I made memoranda of the issues and deposited them iu my Field Desk, On thc 1st of December, 1864, this Desk was turned over to the Q. M. Departraent for transportation from Winchester, Va,, to City Point, Va., and was lost in transitu, — and has never been found. Of the officers who should havc receipted to me for this property one was killed, six were wounded, and two captured, — and in consequence of the loss of the above-mentioned meraornnda, it is impossible tor me or any one to tell what Companies had the articles, or how much each Company had. The foUowing is a list of the articles issued as above stated : 10 Springfield rifled muskets, 1 Enfield rifled musket, 28 bayonet 344 SECOND CONNECTIelTT scabbards, 31 cap pouches, 18 cartridge boxSs, 88 cartridge box plates, 30 cartridge box belts, 128 cartridge box belt plates, 24 giiU slings, 34 waist belt plates, 34 bayonets, 6 ball scrCWs, 54 screw drivers and cone wrenches, 5 spring vises, 14 tumbler punches, 47 tompions, .54 wipers, 3 cartridge box magazines, 3036 elong. ball cartridges, 52 cones, 13 ro.ain springs, 3 tdrig screws, 12 sBar springs, 9 tumbler screws. Theo, P, Vaill, Ist Lieut, and Adjt., and (from Oct. 13, 1864, until January 12, 1865,) Acting Ordnance Officer, 2nd Conn. Hy. Arty, Sworn and subscribed before me, at Fort Baker, Va,, this 24th day of June, 1865. James Deane, Capt, 2d C, V, A,, and A, A, I, G, I certify that during the Fourth Quarter of 1864, in obe dience to verbal orders from my Regimental Commander, I issued to the Companies and Picket lines of my Regiment, Ammunition Boxes, as follows : Oct, 14th, 1864, three boxes; Oct, 19th, 1864, six boxes; Oct, 23d, 1864, one box; during Dec, 1864, nine boxes ; and that these boxes, being delivered to the men in the [jrcsence of the enemy, could not be preserved and returned, but were smashed open by throwiug tbem on the ground, or were opened with hatchets, and thus destroyed without fault on my part. T. F. Vaill, 1st Lieut, and Adjt,, and (from Oct, 12, 1864, until January 13, 1865,) Acting Ordnance Officer, 2nd Coun, Hy, Arty. Hdqrs, 2nd C. V, A., Fort Baker, D, C, June 34, 1805, Since the war, Sergeant Thayer, of Company E, found a convict at Sing Sing who was formerly a recruit of Company HEAVY ARTILLERY. 345 K. He obtained a furlough just before they were shut off in March, 1865, on pretence of sickness in his family, — and before his lurlough expired found himself in Sing Sing for a term of years. He was not one of the Camp Dutton men. In the Spring of 1868, the author haUed a man in Worth street. New York, thus: "Are you not John Schmidt, of Company M, Second Connecticut ?" " Yes," was the reply, '¦ but my name is not Schmidt ;" — whereupon he presentetl his card, which read thus : "Albert Bornowski, dealer in rags, 36 Elm street. New York." He once deserted from his Com pany, was arrested, confined in the bomb proof at Fort Wil liams for four weeks, was released and went to the front witb the regiment, and remained aU through. He justified his desertion on the gi-ound that he desfred and was entitled to be transferred to the Navy, in accordance with an order of the War Department, and that his application for transfer was disregarded. That Navy business made a great deal of trouble. Once when Companies E. H and I composed the garrison of Fort Hooker, (^alias Redoubt D,) Captain WiUiams, that severe disciplinarian, having tbe good order and quiet of camp at heart, looked out of his quarters just after taps, to see if his subordinates, Lieutenants Burnham and Birge, were walking the gtreets, (which they were required to do to enforce order.) Apparently well satisfied, he drew in his head and betook himself to repose. Not long afterward, a small poodle, (the property of Aunt Leech, the washer-woman,) came somewhat abruptly through the ventilator over the Captain's tent door, X 346 SECOND CONNECTICUT and plump upon the horizontal form of the temporary Post Commander. "Git out! git out!" '^ Tow, wow, wow, wow !" " Git OUT !" " Toio wow !" The mingled cries ofthe Captain and poodle roused the whole camp, and a thorough investi gation was instituted. No clue to the guUty perpetrators was ever found, however, and to this day no man knoweth " who fj-ew dat dog." It will not do to forget Captain Sperry's speecb to his Com pany about the time of his discharge. It was his farewell. The " nub " was in the closing up, which ran something thus : -" We none of us know what is in store for us ; the probabili ties are that we shall never all meet in this world again. But when the great Arch Angel iGabriel's trump shall sound, and when his Adjutant shall report, may Company I, of the Second Connecticut Heavy Artillery be reportecl "present or accounted for." Some time during tbe Fall of 1863, just after thc regiment had been changed to ArtiUery, and Companies L and M had been formed, Company M was assigned to Fort WUliams, Major Ells, commanding ; (that is, not exactly assigned to the Port, except as its Bomb Proof was needed to confine its runaways, deserters, bounty jumpers, &c.,) but quartered in one of the just completed Barracks, where tbey were kept uuder a strong guard for some time ; no man being allowed his liberty, under any pretence whatever. This was the con dition of things when Captain B. W. Marsh, who had been absent in Connecticut on a very successful recruiting service, and had in the mean time been promoted from Second Lieu- HEAVY ARTILLERY, 347 tenant, and commissioned as Captain, and assigned to M Company, returned. This state of things, of course did not please Captain Marsh, who immediately made application at Head-Quarters to have the guard removed; which request was finally complied with, the idea having been forcibly im pressed upon Captain Marsh's mind that he would be dfrectly responsible for every man. With this understanding the Cap tain, when his Company was marched out of the Barracks for undress parade, took occasion to make a few rem-arks suited to thefr comprehension, sa3nng that he expected to find in M Company a band of patriots, who had the love of their coun try at heart, and acting upon this principle, had come to shoulder thefr muskets in defence of the right; he believed that truth, justice and liberty would prevail, and he had seen nothing yet to change his mind. He trusted that all would come forward and do their duty; the guard would now be removed, and he trusted that each man would keep guard over himseft and prove a blessing to his Company and to his Regiment; and then gave command to "break ranks, march!" Up went the shouts, up went the caps, "Hurrah for Captain Marsh ; bully for Captain Marsh ; three cheers for tbe Union," and no end of jubilation, " WeU, Captain," said a brother officer to Marsh, after roll- call the next mornfrig, " How's Company M this morning ?" " Twenty-seven absent without leave," was the desperately calm reply. "I declare, Walt., aint that a nipper !" The bodies of the noble and patriotic twenty-seven were never recovered. An excellent version of the story which ends with " Stand steady on the left of M Company, you UUterate people," has 848 sEcoNb cONNtictictj* been received from a member of the regiment, — but it is a Story which requires a verbal narration in order to get the full flavor of it. The same may be said of " Away you gO Capm !" also of the eiperiments of the Surgeons on certain hearty looking sick meU, to ascertain whether they were " playing Off." My readers WUl be indebted for the following narration to Captain Gad Smith. Those who have not had anything to do with making out muster and pay rolls, can by no means com prehend it, and had better not read it. Captain Gold of Cornwall,-^one of the noblest soldiers, and commanding one of the best Companies, that ever bore arms in defence of the country, — brave as a lion and heedless of danger, yet tender toward his men as a father to a child — ^had very little regard for "red tape," and troubled himself but little about quarterly returns, muster rolls, &c. He left mat ters of so small importance to his men, while lie looked to " extending the line." To a soldier nothing seemed of greater consequence than making out and signing the Pay Bolls ; and the men who attended to this business were for the time being considered of no less consequence than the General command ing the Army. These rolls, five in number, were made once every two months ; three of them sent to Washington, one to Connecticut, and one retained by the Company to copy the next rolls from, allowing of course for such changes as might occur by reason of deaths, transfers, discharges, &c. Of this fact however the Captain never inforraed himself, and it was to show his utter disregard for these small matters that the following story is often told. Heavy AeI'iLLeSYv 849 Once when the reg-iment lay at Clifton, muster day drew near. It seems that while the man who attended to the Cap tain's papers was absent in hospital, a new man was placed in charge of them, and without knowing much about it Went on and made out rolls enough for any two regiments ; but instead of retaining one, forwarded them all to Washington, — and the job for that time was hyper-complete. Two months passed away ; muster day was near at hand again, the old Company clerk had retm-ned, and at once proceeded to make his ar rangements for writing out his rolls. The retained copy was called for, but could not be found. At last they found that it had been sent away with the rest. Indignant at such gross carelessness, tbe clerk started to see tbe Captain. After look ing for a long time he finally found him visiting some of bis brother officers, and accosted him with "Cap, what in thunder are we going to do ? At the last muster you retained none of your rolls, and I should like to knmo how we are going to do any thing at all?" The Captain started up, and in a very disinterested manner repUed, " WeU, that is strange, — very strange. I 'spose I spoke to at least twenty men in the Company about it, and told them to be very careful;— I told tbem that without doubt we should need something for future reference. Say, do you know where Doctor Hassard hung my canteen 1^ Early in the Summer of 1865, au order was issued by the Secretary of War providing for the immediate reduction of the Army, and dfrectfrig that aU troops mustered into service previous to Nov. 1863, should be at once discharged. Per once the Second Connecticut seemed to be numbered among the blessed,— but of course each regiment was obliged to ^30 SECOND CONNECTICUT remain until specially ordered to "make ready for tew go hum." In the mean time our men became uneasy and dissat isfied, blaming first one and then another for the long delay, but finally came to the conclusion that the whole affair was enveloped in mystery too dark for human understanding to fathom. One night during the existence of this state of affairs as Captain Gad Smith was making his rounds as Officer ol the Day, he came upon a sentinel asleep at his Post. Not wishing to get the man into trouble, especiaUy since Lee had surrendered, the Captain rode up to him and tapping him with his sabre, said, "What are you about here?" Raising his head a little, the soldier answered, "I'd'uno.'' "WeU, what are you here for ?" Starting to his feet, he repUed, " 1 B r, Capen, I'd'uno what I am here for; — the guvment ordered us home two months ago." As a general rule, the qualities which go to make a popular and successful recruiting officer are very different from those required for an efficient commander and disciplinarian in the field. Some of the original Captains of the old Nineteenth were forcible illustrations of this truth. They were amiable gentlemen, of large intellectual and scholastic attainments, and of much civil abiUty and value ; — but when considered from a military point of view, it must be said that thefr function seemed to have ended when they had raised thefr Companies. The Roster of original Captains might have been divided into two classes, viz.: BisseU, Gold, WiUiams, Sperry, and Peck, who excelled in drill, discipline and other soldierly qualities, — and Hubbard, Rice, Ells, Skinner, and Jones, who were very amiable gentlemen. MEAVY ARTILLERY; Sol It is one of tte most deplorable evUs of war that the noblest and most faithtul men are the Victims, while a less valuable class manage to keep out of danger. But it is not in human power to remedy this evil ; it wiU always exist until wars are no more. And the best men are not only the victims of marching and fighting, but often also of punishments. The real sneaks, shirks and dead-beats keep out of a rigoroUs commander's sight, and at length turn up at some distant hospital, det.iiled as nurses, or reported unfit for duty by reason of varicose veins, general debility, or chronic something or other ; — -while the man who faithfully endeavors to be up on time at a halt, after a march of perhaps a whole day and night, and who fails by four minutes, is likely to be rewarded for trying to keep upi by being made to carry a rail on his shoulder and marching back and forth another hour after arriving in camp. It avails nothing to offer as an excuse that he was unable to see a Sufgeon, (for they are never too plenti» ful,) and obtain the required permission to faU out, although fcompeUed by utter loss of strength, or by various necessities, to do so. It matters not that he was on guard or on picket all night before the march began, — or that he was elboWed away from some weU or spring by five hundred stronger men, and had to wait for a chance to fill his canteen,— or that a Bore foot or lameness rendered it impossible for him to march in the ranks, and he had been caught six paces away from his theoretic place,-^or that his bones and blood were full of fever,— or that the march is to be continued, and hc needs every moment of the halting hour for finding water, eating and "resting. No matter. If it kUls the man, the Morning Report will show a loss of one, and that is the end of it. It is easier to punish by wholesale than to inquire into the precise 553 SECOND CONNECTICTTT merits of each case ; and a commanding officer who is con sumed with a fierce desire for promotion -will be pretty careful not to inquire too closely, lest he flsid his victims innocent, and thus lose the opportunity to show off his discipline. But it is idle to inveigh against this class of the evils of war. War itself is the unspeakable evil. It may be ennobled by a noble cause, — but in itself it is the most contemptible of all trades. It offers a premium for selfishness, and its ordinary prefer ments are often purchased by cruelty. HEAVY ARTILLERY 353 CHAPTER XXI. lee's surrender, and EXEUNT OMNES. Io ! they come, they come ! garlands for every shrine ! Strike lyres to greet them home ! bring roses, pour ye wine I With the offering of bright blood they have ransomed hearth and tomb, Vineyai-d and field and flood ; — Io ! they come, they come ! Mrs. Hemans. The close of Chapter XIV left us in bivouac, resting after the charge, and rejoicing over the victory, at Sailor's Creek. The distant roar of musketry and artillery the next morning told that there was yet heavy work for somebody, — but a few hours proved that it was not for the Second Connecticut. They had faced rebel guns for the last time. Nevertheless, the toils and hardships of war were not all over, even for them. At nine o'clock on the moming* after Sailor's Ci-eek, the " route step " was again taken, and after crossing thc South Side Railroad at Rice's Station, tbe column at length halted for three or four hours on a bill above Farmville, while thc bridges over the Appomattox at that place, which the rebels had burnt behind them, were being rebuilt. Farmville was a villao-e about as large as New Milford. The corps moved through in the bright evening moonlight, with colors flying. * April 7, 1865. fe4 second coNi^ecticut' and bands playing fuhbs- -which had probably not been heard fbere befor6 in sohib fiiiie,— aud which (rairabile dictu !) did iiot elicil: a SHigle encoy'e hcyta the mliabitaBfs, Tlieir virulent Sulienness, however, did B6t spell tlie appetites of the soldiers sd fii^' tef fbat; tbey -wer6 a'6le' ta i^otfy ffowo fhe ration of whiskey fba^ v^as administered all round Upon reaching biv ouac, just west 0i fhe f ovVh. An advance of a utile was made the next morning at dgbt, and after an issue of three days' rations of hard bread, co'ffe'e',- sugar, arid a ration' of whiskey, the troops lay for several hour's in the hot sun, While (it was- said) negotiations were going on be'i#eeii G-ranfc and Lefe'^ several miles to the front. It was a time tit feverish excit^^ ment, and rumors chased each other along the lirie's- lU quick succession. The column moved forward again at noofr", and kept in motion until ten at night ; and although the desife fo " be in at the death " was universal, yet large numbers fell out from exhaustion before reaching bivouac, near "New Store." And now we come to the last great scene in this fearful drama, in which multitudes have been actors, and the whole world the audience. The plot culminates here and now ; — and all that foUows Is merely epilogue. The Hope that dawned in the souls of miUions wheu Grant assumed com mand of the Armies of the United States, has grown brighter and brighter unto the perfect day, — and that Day is Sunday, the Ninth of AprU, 1865. The Pack-up sounded at half-past four in the morning, and marching commenced at five. After going about three miles a halt of an hour was made for coffee ; afler which the marcb was continued, at an easy gait, for four miles more, through a dense wood, to the music of a heavy cannonade to thc left and front. Then came another halt of an hour. Such easy march- heavy artillery. 855 ing, such frequent halts, and such long rests, were such a new and strange experience that the dullest man in the Army could not fail to perceive that something fer more startling than a battle -was on the tapis. The line of march was strewn witb rebel war material of all kinds — wagons, caissons, ambu lances, field desks, arms, and shells, tumbled out by the way in a manner that indicated a most distressful hurry. In some places our men could walk for several rods on rebel muskets. After the second halt the brigade took the Clover HiU road and after proceeding two or three miles further, halted again. and cooked coffee. The cannonade had now quieted down. We had rested an hour or more, when a Cavalryman rode along and reported that we had got on three sides of Lee's Army, and that the Jame»River was in its front, so that he must surrender. There was a wild hurrah at the prospect. The story had been that we were to march to Appomattox Court House, where Lee was to make his last stand, and give us our Saragossa, or die in that famous quagmire known as the Last Ditch ; — and it was a great reUef to believe that he might be persuaded to omit both Saragossa and the .Last Ditch from his programme. Soon afterward General Hamblin rode down through the brigade with the official confirmation of the story, and a great rushing and shouting and throwing of caps ensued. A luU ol half an hour, and again Hamblia rode through— this time bareheaded, and charged, like a Ley den Jar with the news that General Lee had surrkw- DEBED HIS Army ! It were idle to attempt a description of the ecstasy that followed. The transported soldiers made the clouds vocal with their triumphs,— which, caught by courier and telegraph, cannon and church-beU, rolled through the continent befbre twenty-four hours had passed away. 356 SECOND CONNECTICUT On the llth, the corps moved back to the -vicinity of Farm ville, arriving by way of Kearnsville, at six in the evening, after a weai-y march of twenty-one miles. Some of the little children of the inhabitants — the poorest clad and most Ul conditioned our soldiers ever saw — came around with thefr baskets and with bits of cloth, asking for scraps of hard bread and other food, to save them from starvation. The boys treated them very gently, dividing their scanty rations with tbem, and giving them a better dinner than they had proba bly had for many days. Among them was an old grey-headed woman, eating hard bread with a zest that only hunger could have produced. The regiment passed an old negro who had got out his whole family and was singing and shouting the praises of the " Delivering Army^" which he said was " more numerous than the hosts of David." On the 12th, we moved from near Farmville to Rice's Station, through the debris of the rebel wagon trains and divisions. The poor old Confederacy had indeed gone to ignominious smash ; and as we passed through Parm-ville and save the general wretchedness, we could hardly help pitying the builders of the great Failure of the century. After making such a noise in the world, and presenting so formida ble a front, to collapse so totally, and disappear so like a burst . bubble ! Although we had always predicted this result, yet its actual accomplishment was a surprise and a wonder. April 13th, we moved from Rice's Station to Burkesville, in mud unspeakable. Wagons were so badly stuck that eight mules could not draw an empty one out ol the mire. In deed, the campaign from the capture ol Petersburg to Lee's Surrender was a terrible one for mules and horses; and hundreds, yea, thousands of them lay stretched out dead HEAVY ARTILLERY. 357 between Petersburg and tbe vicinity of tbe Surrender. At Bm-kesville the corps lay for ten days, doing no duty more severe than furnishing "geauds" to citizens who came ask ing for them from all quarters. The news of the assassi nation of President Lincoln was received on the 16tb, and created a grief among the troops more profound, if possible, than that Which pervaded the nation at large. Although Lee and his Army of Northern Vfrginia had surrendered, there was still a large rebel army in the field in North Carolina under Johnston, defiantly confronting Sher man,— wbich must be disposed of before the rebelUon could be regarded as completely finished, Tbe Sixth Corps was therefore ordered to DanviUe, to await developments. The movement thither was commenced on the S3d of April, our brigade taking a pike that ran parallel with the raifroad, and reaching Keyesville, twenty-one miles from Burkesville, at night. On the 24tb we marched from Keyesville to Cole's Ferry, on the Staunton River — twenty miles. On the 25th, marched from Staunton River to Halifax Court House — twenty miles. The country and people were in better case through Halifax County than any we had seen in Southern Virginia. The fences were twelve or fourteen raUs high, and evidences of wealth and thrift abounded. The aggregate of the regiment, present and absent, at tlus time was forty-nine officers and seven hundred and seventeen men. On the 26th, marched from Halifax Court House to Brooklyn — twenty miles passing vast numbers of negroes who had not been a hundred hours out of slavery. " You are free, now ; you can have anything you want," said Colonel Hubbard to a tidy black girl, who was standing by the road-side as the column passed along. "Well, then, I guess I'U take you;" was the 358 SECOND CONNECTICUT somewhat unlooked for reply. The regiment however was not ready to spare its commander, and the Colonel rode on. On the 37th, marched from Brooklyn to DanviUe — ^twenty miles ; thus making the entire distance of one hundred miles in four days and four hours. It was now ascertained that the war had been completely ended by the surrender of Johnston to Sherraan, and that this dreadful tramp all the way to Danville had been for nothing. Better so, however, than to have found more fighting there. After a stay of four days, orders were issued for the return ot the Corps to Burkesville, and the retrograde movement was immediately commenced. Seven companies of our regiment had the honor of going afoot* as a guard to the wagon train, while the other three companies (P, G and K,) and all the rest of the corps, went by cars. May 2, — From DanviUe to Brooklyn. . May 3,— From Brooklyn to Halifax Court House. May 4, — From Halifax Court House to Staunton River. May 5, — From Staunton River to Keyesville. May 6, — From Keyesville to Burkesville. At Burkesville and vicinity the corps remained for ten days. Negroes had joined the column in large numbers dur ing the march, and now each regiment had a colored appen dix, equal, in nearly every case, to an entire company. The inhabitants came in vast crowds, from near and far, with their baskets and two-wheeled carts, to obtain supplies of food, which were issued to them at Burkesville Junction ; and our regiment was kept on active duty, guarding the stores that were received and disbursed. Our daily detail consisted of one Officer of the Day, two Officers of tbe Guard, three Ser- ~ *May 8, 1865, HBAV-sf ARTiLLiaitf; 359 geants, five Corporals, and eighty men ; besides which, raany men were stationed as " geauds " at private residences. The inhabitants had now so far comprehended the situation that they were extremely civil ; and Mrs. FUppen frequently sent a propitiatory basket of cherries or boquet of flowers to Head quarters, with the assurance that she could have done much more before the '-waw." Marching was resumed on the 17th, and the brigade had made about six miles eastward, when we counter-marched back to Burkesville, and it was an nounced that we would go by rail on the morrow. On the afternoon of the IStli, we went aboard a long train of dilap idated cars, which had almost tumbled to pieces in the service of the rebellion, and were drawn by a wheezy loco motive, that sneezed instead of whistling, over a rickety road formed partly of old fashioned " strap " rails, spiked upon wood, to the town of Manchester, on the James River, directly opposite Richmond, where the corps remained encamped for five days, during which time all the soldiers were allowed passes to visit Richmond. TJie burnt district was still smok ing with the remains of the great fire of April 2, and the city was full of officers and soldiers of the ex-confederate army. The blue and the grey mingled on the streets and public squares, and were seen side by side in the Sabbath congrega tions, Tli« war was over. On the morning of the 24th of May, the corps started on its overiand march for Washington. We passed in review belore General Halleck in Richmond, and moved on at a gait more Uke a forced march than anything else, arriving after dark at Hanover Court House. The next day we moved to Chesterfield Station, where, just one year before, -sve lay for half a day before thc terrific night marc'h down the Pamun- 360 SECOND CONNECTICUT key. What a world of heavy times had befallen us between ' the first and last visit to Chesterfield Station! Then, our losses were only eight — and they had occurred at the North Anna, hardly twenty-four hours before. Now they were more than seven hundred and fifty. It rained nearly aU night, and the traveling tbe next day was cruel. Only eight miles were accomplished by a whole day's march, aud tbe bridges were carried away, so that the wagons could not come up. The night and the next day* and night, were passed in the wet woods. On the 39th, we moved to Fredericksburg, on the SOth to Potomac Creek, on the Slst to WoU' Run Shoals, on the 1st of June to Fairfax Court House, and on the 2d to Bailey's Cross Roads, about three miles from Washington, where we went into camp, and received an accession of one hundred and fifty men, — the remnant of the Fourteenth Connecticut Volunteers, who had been transferred to our regiment, and were awaiting our arrival. On the 8th of June came the grand and final Review of the Sixth Corps. Reveille sounded at three o'clock, ancl at day light the Divisions, Brigades and Regiments, in numerical and ranking order, — first the Division of the Red Cross, then of the White Cross, and lastly of the Blue Cross — were on the way to Washington. They crossed Long Bridge and closed- in-raass on Mai-yland Avenue, the head of the column resting at the Capitol gate, and the rear hardly clearing Long Bridge, At nine o'clock the order was given, "By the head of col umn take wheeling distance ;" — and with cadenoed step, and muskets at a right-shoulder-ghift, the shining host moved down Pennsylvania Avenue, amid the loud acolairas and wav-. ' *May 28, ^865, aEAVV AHTttLESY. 361 iug flags and handkerchiefs of thoustods of Spectators who thronged the walks and peopled the Windows and roofs on either side, — and who uever folt a moment imagined, — dear, innocent souls 1 — tbat the soldiers Were not enjoying the pa geant as much as themselves. Enjoying ! Ha, Ha 1 Every step Was a cadenced curse 5 aad if every man who inwardly wished to shoot General Wright could have had bis way, that commander would have died ten thousand deaths before aight. If any of my readers would like to know why, — let him stsurt from Bailey's Cross Roads at four o'clock on a June Morning, march eight or ten miles in choking dust to the Capitol, lie broiUng in the sun for an hour, all buckled and bandaged and strapped in "full dress" — (while commanding officers are taking their iced consolation in tlie neighboring hotels and bracing themselves lor tbe arduous task ol riding a mile,) and then march witb a fourteen-pound musket on his shoulder from the Capitol to the Treasury Building, and from tbere past the White House grounds at a " shoulder," ¦without a halt, or without breaking tbe cadenced step, and -with the mercury at 100" in the shade, and 200S in the sun. "When you have done that, dear reader, you will know why the soldiers did not enjoy tbe Review as much as the specta tors. At the uppep corner of the Treasury Building the column came to a shoulder, and in front of the White House passed the Reviewing Stand, where, with General Wright and a crowd of celebrities, stood the ncw President, Andrew Johnson, the praised and honored chief who was at that hour the Acceptable of aU parties, and utteriy without an opposition;— now despised and execsated by the whole world. The troops came to a halt strnx after passing Seventeenth Street, and soon afterward proceeded to camp, where they T 362 SECOND CONNECTICUT arrived in beautiful disorder and demoralization. Command ing officers dared not halt, for fear of having no men to move on with, — aud when the " head of the column" reached camp, the tail of it was in Georgetown and under every bush on the road. The Second Brigade was a very long brigade. On the 16tb of Jujie pur reginient bade its final good-bye to the glorious pld Sixth Corps, and was ordered to report to General Hancock, commanding the Middle MiUtary Division, for garrison duty. We were assigned to the Third Brigade, Hardin's Division, Twenty-Second Army Corps ; and crossing Anacosta iBridge — over wbich the assassin Booth fied after he had done the deed which clothed America in mourning — the regiment was distributed among eleven forts, viz.: Greble, Carroll, Snyder, Stanton, Ricketts, Wagner, Baker, Davis, Dupont, Meigs and Maban, — with Head quarters at Fort Ba ker. Here we remained eleven days, during which nothing noteworthy occm-red, .except a small mutiny, which was occa sioned by the general and daily increasing impatience to get home. The war was over, the rebelUon crushed,— we had enlisted for " three years or diuing the war," and now why were we kept here ? The blame was laid upon Colonel Hub bard, who, as the story ,went, -was intriguing to keep the regiment in the service, in order to obt^ his " star," Or in order to prolong his power and pay. It is to be hoped that time enough has now elapsed, and passion subsided suffi ciently to allow the truth to be heard in this matter. The writer of this history knows that Colpnel Hubbard had sins enough to answer for, — ^but delaying the niuster-out was not one of them. He sent application after application — ^from Bailey's Cross Roads and from Fort Bal^er^-r-to Head-quarters Department of Washington through the " proper miUtary HEAVY ARTILLERY, 36J} channel," representing in the most forcible and vehement language tbat the regiment was composed mostly of farmers, and that it was extremely desfrable that they should be raus tered out at onee, in tirae to assist in haying and harvest in Connecticut, These .appUcations were disregarded, — not even returned approved or disapproved, (The fact is that the various regiments of our immense army were being discharged as fast as the cars could lug them home; — but every man thought be ought to go first, and the delay of a week or two seemed almost intolerable,) Colonel Hubbard at length sus pected tbat his applications were purposely detained some where on the way, and resolved to take the Uberty which Mackenzie had frequently taken. He therefore sent the writer dfrect to General Augur's Head-quarters with a most urgent ¦written request that the regiment be sent bome immediately. The -writer saluted General Augur's A. A, G,, and delivered tbe document. Upon glancing at it, that functionary sharply inquired. Who are you ? I am tbe Adjutant of tbe Second Connecticut Artillery, — was tbe reply. ¦Where .did you bring this from ? From Colonel Hubbard, my regimental commander. Well, carry it back, and tell your Colonel that he has no business to send communications here except through the proper military channel,— and if he don't know what that is he bad better find out. Finding his efforts fruitless, the Colonel gave ft up. The men were told that be bad done his best to get the regiment discharged, but they would not believe ft, and were almost ready to knock any raan over who held that opinion, Some '364 SECOND CONNECTICUT of the " old " men of several Companies agreed that they would not do certain kinds of duty; and twelve men of Corapany C carried out that determination, — although those of the other Companies, who bad promised to follow suit, " went back on them." The men who relnsed were Court Martialed, and sentenced to one month's hard labor, and a loss of one month's pay ; although they escaped the hard labor because fhe regiment was mustered out before it could be enforced. Indeed it would have been difficult, if not impossi ble, for any officer that ever served in the regiment, (except ¦Colonel KeUogg,) to enforce tt. The war was over, and the men were " ugly," in the New England sense. II a command ing officer did not enforce respect and obedience, his men would walk over bim rough-shod ; and if he did attempt to maintain disdpUne, fre was in danger of being lynched, — especiaUy if the soldiers were nursing old grudges against bim. Happy, in those days, was the man who was not a coraraanding officer! On the 37th of June, the regiment was transferred to the «outh side of the Potomac, and stationed as follows: seven Companies, under Major Jones, at Fort Ethan AUen ; three Companies, under Major Cleveland, at Fort Marcy ; Company F, under Captain Tuttle, at Fort Albany, near the ArUngton House; and Company B, under Captain Henry Skinner, at Battery Martin Scott, at the east end of Chain Bridge. On the 7th of July the original enlisted men of the Old Nine teenth were mustered out at Fort Ethan Allen by Captain Van Horn, and on the 9tli left for New Haven, under the / charge of Major Cleveland — one hundred and eighty-three men, — all that remained of the eight hundred and fifty who left Camp Dutton on the 15th of September, 1863.- They HE.4.VY ARTILLERY. 365 Were handsomely recesved and entertained by the city author ities. Mayor Scranton making an admirable speech of welcome^. to which Maijor Cleveland admirably responded. On the 15th of July they were paid off by Mifjor Lupton, that politest of Paymasters, and received their discharges ; and the eventful career of the Old Nineteenth was ended. On the 20th of July the remainder of the regiment was consolidated, into- eight Companies by the transfer of I, K, L. and M to the other eijght Companies, and the muster-out of their officers as supemumerariss- On the 18th of August the entire regiment was mustered out at Fort Ethan Allen by Captain Van Horn, and immediately made ready for departure. The number, including the instaUnwnt received from the Fourteenth Con necticut Volunteers, was about five hundred and fifty. Good and brave boys they were, — but somewhat playlul, — and it requfred considerably more skill to get them through to New Haven than the Old Nineteenth men. But the thing was pretty well managed. We left Washington on Sunday morn ing, and arrived at Philadelphia thd foUowing midnight, where the noble people of that noble city— ladies and gentle men were up and wide awake to receive and entertain us, at the same tables— sumptuously furnished at private expense— at which we had been fed on our way to the seat of war, three years before. Notwithstanding the utmost precautions, a vast quantity of very quaircBL--* whiskey leaked into the canteens during the half hour's stay in Philadelphia, in con sequence of which one man was lost from the train in the vicinity of Burlington, We reached New Haven on Monday evening, August 20, and passed up Chapel Street amid wel coming crowds of people, the clangor of bells, and a shower of rockets and red lights that made the field-and-staff 366 SECOND CONNECTICTJT horses prance with the belief that l)attle had come again. After partaking of a bounteous entertainment prepared in the basement of the State House, the regiment proceed ed to Grapevine Point, where, on tbe 5th of September, they received their pay and discharge; and the Second Connecticut Heavy ArtiUery vanished fi-om sight, and passed into History. «|.^ -¦'f i-ar-'Jte.''- ' ^''^^^- ¦ •TjP'-i.- .* J' :•> ¦ "¦¦<' ¦')'^^^^4- ^^?%-^'^ 'r^ ''?.-4w#:''