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FROM HEADQUARTERS
Being Seven Odd Tales picked up during Service
in a Militia Regiment in Time of Peace.

FABLES OF FIELD AND STAFF
Being Seven Otter Odd Tales conceming Certain
Happenings in the Same Regiment.

Each volume, doth, I2mo, mailed, postpaM, on
receipt of price, $J.OO, fay
THE COLONIAL COMPANY
(P.O. Box 16J2)
Boston

.^^_T

'^s^yiX'"

"A

Copyrighted photograph by T. E. Mnrr, Boston.
COLONEL CHARLES PFAFF, U.S.V.
Commanding Regiment.

THE
FIRST REGIMENT
ina$$acbu$em lieavy Artillery

UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR OF 1898

BY
COLONEL JAMES A. FRYE, A.I.G,, MASS.
(LATS MAJOR OT THE REGIMBNT)
Member Massachusetts Military Historical Society; Associate Member United
States Military Service Institution; Associate Member United
States Naval Institute; Late Secretary National
Defence Association
WITH REGIMENTAL ROSTER AND MUSTER-ROLLS
AND
FIFTEEN ILLUSTRATIONS

BOSTON
THE COLONIAL COMPANY
1899

Copyright, 1899,
Bt Jambs A. Fbtb.

PRESS OF
JftotfttotU anil CCfjticcIiin
BOSTON, U.S.A.

TO

fiDl5 3fatber

"WHO AD-VISED ME NOT TO ENTER THE SBEVICB
AND "WOULD HAVE DISINHERITED
MB HAD I HEEDED HIS
ADVICE

CONTENTS

PA6B
I. Introductory  3
II. The Coast-Defence Problem in Massa
chusetts  13
III. Marching-Orders  21
IV. Off for Aoti"ve Service  31
V. The Eegiment at Fort Wareen ... 47
VI. A Period of Suspense .  59
VII. From " M.V.M." to " U.S.V." .... 71
Vni. Personnel of the Eegiment .... 87
IX. The Season of Eumoes  99
X. Assignment to Stations  115
XI. Fort Pickering and the "North-
Shore " Defenses  129
XII. Fort Eodman and its Garrison . . . 151
XIII. The Third Battalion at Fort Warren, 161
XIV. Final Days in the Service  171
XV. An Honorable Eegimental Eecord . 187
EOSTER AND MuSTER-EoLLS  198
Chronology of the War  253

LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS

Colonel Charles Pfaff 
Eesponding to the Call, 26 April, 1898
Barbette Battery, 15-inch Eodmans .
Field and Machine Gun Battery . .
Lieutenant-Colonel Carle A. Woodruff
The Field, Staff, and Line ....
Channel Battery, 8-inch Eiflbs . .
Garrison Encampment, Fort Pickering
Major Pbelie A. Dyar 
Major-Surgeon Howard S. Dearing .
Major George F. Quinby 
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles B. Woodman
Major James A. Frye 
Lieutenant-Colonel Erasmus M. Wea-ver
The Last Evening Parade, 3 October, 1898

PAas
Frontispiece
3349 63
7991
103 119
131135141
153163177
189

PREFACE

T^HIS book forms but a single chapter — the
latest one — in the eventful and ever-hon
orable history of the First Massachusetts Reg
iment. It has been "written in the hope that
it may aid in maintaining the splendid esprit
de corps "which always has been characteristic
of the command.
Nor does this corps-pride lack warrant.
Since 1844, under one designation or another,
the First Massachusetts, as a regimental or
ganization, has been continuously in the ser
vice either of the Commonwealth or of the
Nation; through long years of peace it faith
fully has held itself in trained and disciplined
readiness against the hour of need; in two
wars it unhesitatingly has responded to the
call of the Grovernment, returning from each
¦with an untarnished record of duty well done.
Furthermore — in part, at least, if not as a

xiv Preface.
whole — it has been identified for over a cen
tury with the making of American history;
for, like the sturdy oak, the regiment may
trace its growth from still -vigorous roots
which reach far back into the historic past.
"D " Battery (Roxbury Train of Artillery)
was chartered in 1784, bearing upon its origi
nal muster-rolls the names of many veterans
of the Eevolution, and first seeing active ser
vice in the Shay Eebellion of 1787; "G"
Battery (Boston Fusileers) dates its organiza
tion from 1786 and its record of active ser
vice from the War of 1812; "K" Battery
(Boston Light Infantry) was first enrolled at
the time of our brief naval war -with France
in 1798, and served with the coast-guard iu
1812. The story of the heroic work of the regi
ment in the Civil War already fills a volume
by itself : Blackburn's Ford, First Bull Eun,
Yorktown, WilHamsburg, White Oak Swamp,
Fair Oaks, Savage's Station, Glendale, Mal
vern Hill, Second Bull Eun, Chantilly,
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg,
Locust Grove, Spottsylvania — tremendous
names hke these may hint at the regimental

Preface. xv
record which was written in blood from 1861
to 1864. With an honor-roll of one hundred
and seventy-three dead, and "with a grim list
of six hundred and forty-three discharges for
wounds and disease, the First Massachusetts
honestly bought and dearly paid for its treas
ured place among the " Three Hundred Fight
ing Eegiments " of the Union Army.
This latest chapter in the regimental history
deals neither with battles nor with foreign
service — and yet it ill could be spared from
the records of the Old First. Nothing pos
sibly could have been finer than the spirit
in which the young men of the regiment
sprang to then' places under its colors at the
call of 25th April, 1898, believing, as they
most sincerely did, that the very first of the
fighting was to be theirs; nothing could have
been more honorable than the imvarying
disciphne maintained during the dull months
of garrison duty, when, day by day, their hope
for action waned.
Half forgotten by the very citizens for
whose protection the regiment was assigned
to its stations; wholly ignored by the press,
which ever has failed to comprehend the

xvi Preface.
exacting requirements of efficient coast-de
fence, — the men of the First Massachusetts,
Hke their comrades of the regular artillery,
quietly stood to their guns during the time of
possible peril, and as quietly returned to the
routine of peace when that peril had passed.
Time alone can fix the relative value of many
things, and while that final adjustment is tak
ing place the regiment may rest content with
its own consciousness of having carried out
well and faithfully whatever orders came to it.
JAMES A. FEYE.
Boston, 25 April, 1899.

INTRODUCTORY

nniiE Spanish-American War has passed
into history. Eegiment by regiment the
troops of the United States have been trans
ported to Cuba and Porto Eico, to take quiet
possession of the stations rehnquished by the
departing remnants of the Spanish colonial
army, and now our flag flies over even Havana
itself. Of the six regiments — the First Heavy
Artillery, Second, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and
Ninth Infantry — sent out by Massachusetts
in response to the calls of the President, all
now are home again, while the officers and men
of the gallant Naval Brigade have returned
from their service afloat on cruiser and monitor
to rejoin the command from which they volun
teered. Gradually, but none the less surely,
the stirring events of the spring and summer
of 1898 are becoming but memories — memories
to be recalled in years to come at the reunions
of those who served together in the war so
happily brought to a conclusion.

The First Regiment

Even today, after the lapse of but a year,
it has become difficult, if not impossible, to
realize the state of public feeling in Boston on
that tvet, raw day in April, 1898, when the
First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, then a
militia regiment, marched solidly and grimly
through the muddy streets on its way to Fort
Warren. The sight of the long, blue column
— officers on foot, men in heavy marching
order — told more plainly than any telegraphic
despatch that the long-expected wai' had come
at last. Day by day the feeling of uneasiness
in the cities and towns along the New England
coast had been growing in intensity. Bom
bardment insurance was being written, securi
ties and valuables were being removed from
the safe-deposit vaults of shore cities to those
of inland towns, while letters by the hundred,
and delegations by the score were coming to
the governors of coast States, praying for pro
tection against naval raids. As in 1812, and
as again in 1861, the authorities at Washington
were overwhelmed with petitions for the naval
protection of local interests, and — even as in
former wars — they were compelled to reply
that the few ships of war on the navy list could

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.

not be spared to do the work of shore batteries.
The entu'e fleet of battleships, modern monitors,
and cruisers barely sufficed for the composition
of Dewey's squadron in the far East, of Samp
son's and Schley's in the West Indies.
Nor was this wide-spread feeling of alarm
entirely "without foundation, or due to unreas
oning fear. More than one foreign service jour
nal had reckoned the opposing fleets as nearly
of equal strength, and even our own Captain
Mahan now writes : " The force of the Span
ish navy on paper, as the expression goes, was
so nearly equal to our o"wn, that it was well
¦within the hmits of possibility that an unlucky
incident, the loss, for example, of a battleship,
might make the Spaniard superior in nominal,
or even in actual, available force. Where so
much is at stake as the result of a war, or even
the unnecessary prolongation of war, with its
sufferings and anxieties, the only safe rule is
to regard the apparent as the actual, until its
reality has been tested." We are looking
backward now ; then we were looking forward.
We now know, through the supreme tests of
May 1st and July 3d, that the paper strength
and the fighting strength of the Spanish navy

The First Regiment

were two widely differing qualities ; but late
in April, 1898, all this yet remained to be de
termined, and the memorable rush of the
Oregon from the far Pacific bears witness that
the Na-vf Department recognized the pre
ponderance that might be given by the addi
tion of even a single fighting-ship to our force
on the threatened Atlantic sea-board.
Of the result of a general fleet action the
country had small doubt ; it was the possibility
of sudden and unexpected naval raids that
caused concern. The words of the English
naval critic, Steevens, apphed "with tenfold
force to our own case : " It is tolerably obvi
ous that no superiority in the world could
guarantee our whole empire against raids by
hostile cruisers. A fast cruiser could break
the closest blockade possible in the days of
torpedo boats, and though she would stand to
meet and be engaged by a cruiser or cruisers
of our own, yet she would also stand to elude
them. She might then shell or lay under con
tribution unprotected coast towns, destroy
shipping lying in their harbors, or making for
or from them, besides landing small forces to
do serious, if not vital damage." And this

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.

fact was recognized no better by any one than
by Admiral Cervera himself, who, in a letter
written in February, 1898, after deploring the
lack of Spanish naval preparation, said :
" Under such conditions, a campaign would be
disastrous, if not an offensive one, and all that
could be done in an offensive war would be to
make some raids with a few fast vessels."
Eeduced to its lowest terms, the situation
confronting the authorities was this : the Span
ish naval list showed — either in commission
or building — nine 20-knot cruisers,^ heavily
armed and armored, and theoretically able to
run away easily from any armored ships in
our estabhshment save the BrooMyn and N^ew
YorTc, while (still theoretically) capable of
whipping without effort these two latter
cruisers, if brought to bay. Furthermore,
the operations of the army and navy, in the
West Indies and the Philippines, imperatively
required the services of every modern fighting-
ship at our disposal, and thus the long stretch
of Atlantic coast, with its teeming harbors
^ Almirante Oquendo, Gardenal Cisneros, Cataluna, Cristobal
Colon, Emperador Carlos V. , Infanta Maria Teresa, Pedro d'Ara-
gon, Princesa de Asturias, Vizcaya. — " Brassey's Nayal Annual,''
1897.

8 The First Regiment
and populous cities, practically was left at
the mercy of any chance squadron of swift
cruisers, or even — at least in the earlier days
of the war — of possible raids by privateers
or wandering torpedo-gunboats. There was,
it is true, the hastily improvised and costly
coast-patrol fleet, of something over forty
vessels — monitor rehcs of the '60's, armed
yachts, ferry-boats, and tugs — distributed
along the coast at stations from Eastport to
New Orleans, but this heterogeneous outfit
was brought into existence rather for scouting
than for fighting. As a factor in actual re
sistance to determined naval attack it called
for no serious consideration, and as a matter
of record its organization was not complete
until the 16th of June, when the dreaded Yiz-
caya, with her sister ships, finally had been
marked down and safely penned in the harbor
of Santiago.
It was evident that the coast States, in the
impending emergency, must tui'n for comfort
from the Navy to the War Department, and
it soon became most painfully evident that the
prospect of obtaining any immediate aid from
this quarter was far from reassuring. This

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 9
especially was true in the case of the New
England States, and notably so in that of
Massachusetts. To make a broad statement,
modern defensive works, modern sea-coast
guns, and trained artillerymen to man them,
were lacking. In other words, the apathy of
thirty years had borne its legitimate fruit:
the Congressmen of New England — "with
honorable exceptions, like Senators Hawley
and Lodge — while ever willing to exert them
selves in favor of " Protection " of the com
mercial variety, had been sublimely indifferent
to their duty in pro-vdding protection of another
and very -vital sort, and their constituents, in
consequence, were enabled to enjoy the sen
sation of a war-scare which was far from being
unwarranted. For it did not require a high
order of intellect to comprehend that thirty
days would not suffice for the accomphshment
of the work of ten years — nor, indeed, could
any one furnish a satisfactory guarantee of
even thirty days' freedom from attack.

THE COAST-DEFENCE PROBLEM
MASSACHUSETTS

1 1

II.
"C^AELY in April, when war was immi
nent, Governor Wolcott, with two offi
cers of his staff, sat down to the study of a
war-map of the Massachusetts coast which had
been prepared and carefully re"vised to meet
existing conditions. It is no exaggeration to
say that this map furnished material for the
most serious thought. The map pitilessly
showed that from the Merrimac Eiver, on the
northern boundary, to the Taunton Eiver, on
the southern, there were on navigable waters,
open to some of the many forms of naval
attack — whether by fleet bombardment,
cruiser raid, or torpedo-boat dash — no less
than forty-one cities and towns, none "with
less than one thousand of population, whose
inhabitants aggregated one million seventy-
seven thousand, or over forty-three per cent.
of the population of the State. Furthermore,
it appeared that, at a low estimate, the prop
erty interests exposed in these towns reached
13

14 The First Regiment
the enormous sum of |1,586,775,000 — surely
a tempting bait for any adventurous naval
commander in the service of a desperate and
bankrupt enemy.
But the map relentlessly showed more than
this : it demonstrated the absolutely defence
less condition of this rich strip of coast. At
Boston there were indications of a rudimen
tary defence ; at New Bedford stood the obso
lete granite walls of old Fort Eodman; Fall
Eiver was protected by the guns at Fort
Adams and the batteries at Dutch Island ;
but elsewhere along the coast there was not
to be found even the pretence of preparation
for the surely coming war.
The obsolete defenses, however, were not
alone in giving cause for grave concern. The
question of manning them had to be con
sidered. As a matter of record, there were
scattered along the coast from Fort Preble,
Me., to Fort Trumbull, Conn., eight bat
teries — one ("F") a light battery — of the
Second Artillery, whose duty-strength on the
16th of April may have been approximately
six hundred men. There were but three of
these batteries on duty on the Massachusetts

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 15
coast— "C" (Schenck's) and "M" (Eich-
mond's) at Fort Warren; "G" (Niles') at the
yet incomplete battery at Long Island Head,
Boston Harbor. Where more trained gunners
were to be had was problematical. The bill
providing for the organization of the Sixth and
Seventh Eegiments of regular artillery had
been passed by Congress as late as March 7th,
and these new commands were only in process
of evolution. It was not until the 16th of
May that the first of the newly raised batteries
took station in New England, and even then
its standard of efficiency was low, owing to
the hea-vjr percentage of recruits in its ranks.
The condition of affairs in Boston Harbor
was most interesting. Here was a city with
an estimated population of five hundred and
fifty thousand ; with an assessed valuation of
$1,012,750,000; with business interests to be
reckoned by daily bank-clearings of $20,000,-
000; with annual exports and imports of
$189,879,839 — in short, the second seaport
of the country in commercial rank. Naturally
it would be expected that the general Govern
ment, which hardly could be ignorant of the
enormous interests just shown, would have

16 The First Regiment
made some pretence at gi'ving them adequate
protection. But what were the grim facts in
the case ?
In 1886, the so-called Endicott Board on
Fortifications — whose scheme of defence, with
some minor modifications, still remains the
standard project for the erection of our coast
works — recommended an expenditure of $10,-
910,250 for the defenses of Boston Harbor.
This sum covered the cost of guns, mounts,
emplacements, submarine mines, and a flotilla
of eighteen torpedo-boats for local service.
Large as it may seem, it yet represents a levy
of but one and seven-hundredths per cent, on
the assessed valuation of the property exposed
at this port, and furthermore it was intended
that its expenditure should be distributed
through a period of ten years. How faith
fully this programme was carried out by the
authorities at Washington may be shown by
the following table, in which the first column
of figures indicates the number of breech-
loading rifles and mortars required by the
complete scheme of defence, while the second
exhibits those actually mounted for service
during the late war:

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.

17

16-inclL B. L. E.
12-inch B. L. E.
lO-inch B. L. E.
8-inch B. L. E.
12-inch B. L. M.

Proposed

Mounted

8

0

10

0

15

8

10

0

132

16

Total of pieces  175

24

In other words, of the projected scheme of
defence — so far as concerned the main ele
ment, gun and mortar fire — there remained
to be put into operation the trifling matter of
eighty-six per cent. I In twelve years elapsing
since the exhaustive report of the Endicott
Board, the Congress of the United States
had doled out appropriations barely sufficient
to complete thirteen and seven-tenths per
cent, of the required guns, mounts, and em
placements. The essential matter of the
torpedo-boat flotilla had been put calmly aside
without even the courtesy of consideration.
Funds at the disposal of the Engineers had
enabled them, as early as March 1st, to begin
the work of sub -marine mining, but at no time
during the war was the complete system of
mines installed. And, last of all, when war

18 The First Regiment.
actually had been declared, the garrisons of
the three main defensive positions of the
harbor — Fort Wan-en, Long Island Head,
and the Mortar Battery at Winthrop — aggre
gated less than two hundred and fifty officers
and men for duty.

MARCHING ORDERS

19

IH.
~V\jrELL aware of this condition of affairs.
Governor Wolcott thought it prudent
— even before the actual declaration of war —
to have his foot batteries assembled in the
vicinity of the guns at which it seemed more
than Hkely that their services soon might be
required, and by his direction permission was
asked from Washington to send the First
Heavy Artillery to Fort Warren, under State
orders. This request met with the prompt
approval of the Secretary of War, and on
Sunday, April 24th, there came to regimental
headquarters orders from General Dalton
directing the command to " hold itself in read
iness for immediate service in the defenses of
Boston Harbor."
It hardly need be said that this order caused
httle surprise to the officers of the regiment.
From the day when the naval court of inquiry
reported the destruction of the Maine as
due to external explosion, until the day that
21

22 The First Regiment
marching orders actually came, the command
at any time could have reported for duty with
full ranks, and on three hours' notice. It is a
matter of official record that this regiment, for
years, has been held in constant readiness for
field service; the "Yigilantia" on the regi
mental badge has long stood for something
more than an empty boast. As a strict matter
of fact, though the officers had been con-
-vinced that war could not long be averted,
there had been but little extra effort made on
that account, for but little remained to be
done ; here and there battery rolls were judic
iously weeded, all alarm-lists received final
and careful revision — and that substantially
was all. On the recommendation of the Mili
tary Advisory Board, to be sure, enough
recruits had been enrolled to bring the
regimental strength up to twelve hundred,
and these new men had been faithfully drilled;
but, as events proved, this labor was to result
in small benefit to the regiment itself, though
other commands ultimately profited by it.
Matters now were mo"ving swiftly enough
to suit the most impatient, and there were
many impatient ones among the officers and

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 23
men of the Old First. On the 23rd of April,
President McEanley had issued his call for one
hundred and twenty-five thousand volunteers ;
on the 24th, the regiment had been ordered to
hold itself ready for instant response to march
ing orders; on the 25th, Congress resolved
that a state of war then existed — and late
in the afternoon of that day came the long-
awaited summons to duty.
"Colonel Charles Pfaff, commanding First
Eegiment Heavy Artillery, First Brigade,
M.Y.M.," so ran the third paragraph of
Special Orders, No. 42, from the office of the
Adjutant-General, " will report with his com
mand, fully armed and equipped, to the com
manding officer at Fort Warren, for eight
days' duty in the defenses of Boston Harbor."
An eight days' tour ? It was destined to be
exactly two hundred and three days before the
regiment should be released from the ser-vice
on which it started under the order signed by
General Dalton that afternoon.
Colonel Pfaff was awaiting developments at
the State House when the decision was reached
to call out the regiment, and the order was
given to him direct. Hastening at once back

24 The First Regiment
to the South Armory, he handed the order to
Adjutant Lake, who lost no time in putting in
motion the mobiUzation machinery which for
years had been in readiness to meet just such
an emergency as this. Quietly and system
atically the orders for assembly went out over
the telegraph and telephone wires, until, in less
than an hour, every officer of the command
knew that the end of the long waiting had
come. And then the non-commissioned offi
cers passed the word to the men of their squads,
while staff officers hurried by rail to the stations
of each of the out-lying batteries, to make sure
that nothing was omitted in the carrying out
of the final orders. Long before midnight,
through their reports, the commanding officer
knew that his regiment would be ready to
march out with full ranks on the following
morning. There was little sleep for officers
or men; many passed the night in their armor
ies, while those who returned to their homes
spent the hours before daylight in making
hurried arrangements for an indefinite absence.
It would be idle to say that there was no
excitement, for each armory was a seething
whirlpool of enthusiasm; but in spite of it all,

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 25
matters moved on methodically, and morning
found the twelve batteries ready in every re
spect for the mobihzation.
With the early dawn, the batteries of the
Third (Bristol-Plymouth) Battalion — years
ago christened the " Cape " BattaHon — formed
at their armories for the march to the trains
which were to transport them to Boston. Their
departure was the signal for the wildest enthu
siasm in their respective cities. In Fall River,
Brockton, Taunton, and New Bedford the
same scenes were enacted: cheering crowds
Hned the streets, and the Grand Army veterans,
cadet corps of the schools, and ci-nc organiza
tions turned out to escort the departing
troops. Very much the same sort of feeling
prevailed in Cambridge and Chelsea; but in
Boston — though excited crowds gathered
about the great South Armory — there was
no organized demonstration.
By nine o'clock, the batteries of the First
and Second Battalions were assembled in the
South Armory, where they were joined, a
quarter of an hour later, by those of the Third
Battalion, just off their troop-trains. Arms
were stacked in the great drill-hall, knapsacks

26 The First Regiment
were unslung, and ranks were broken for a
brief rest, while a travel ration, with hot coffee,
was issued to the men, many of whom, in all
probability, had been too excited to do full
justice to breakfast at their homes.
It was at this time that a fact developed
which — though overlooked in the rush of
events at the time — must be placed on record
now to the credit of the regiment. It must be
recalled that definite orders for assembly were
received late on the afternoon of the 25th,
and that the men reported to their com
mands almost at daybreak on the 26th; re
calling this, it certainly should give cause for
just pride to the friends of the regiment, as
well as to those who in the past have labored
long and untiringly for the efficiency of the
militia of Massachusetts, that in this emergency
over ninety-nine per cent, of the regimental
strength answered at morning roll-call, and
reported for whatever service might be forth
coming. The commissioned and enlisted
strength, under the State organization, aggre
gated seven hundred and ninety-three. The
morning reports handed to the adjutant, dur
ing the short rest before the regiment took up its

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 27
march towards the wharves, showed fifty officers
and seven hundred and thirty-six enHsted men
present, with only seven enlisted men absent
— and of the latter, all were satisfactorily
accounted for by reason of sickness or absence
from the State. Much has been said during
the past few months of the unreliability of
mihtia in grave national emergencies, and it
unfortunately is too true that in many States
the records of the late war have tended to
give force to such charges, but let it be re
membered in Massachusetts, so long as there
exists a First Eegiment in its military estab
lishment, that when a sudden call came, to
meet what was felt to be a very real danger,
the absentees when assembly was sounded
numbered less than nine-tenths of one per
cent, of the strength borne upon the regi
mental rolls.
Soon after ten o'clock, the regiment formed
in line of masses. The regimental colors were
brought from the colonel's quarters, and were
received with three hearty cheers. Then the
battalions stood at attention while Chaplain
Horton earnestly addressed the men on the
significance of the day's events. At the close

28 The First Regiment
of his remarks the regiment broke into col
umn of detachments, the heavy doors of the
armory swung wide, and the First Massa
chusetts Heavy Artillery — literally the ffi'st
militia regiment in the country to come to
the assistance of the general Government —
marched out for the war, with its band at the
head of the column playing the time-honored
"March of The Fh-st."

OFF FOR ACTIVE SERVICE

29

lY.
TT was a raw, gloomy day. A drizzling
rain fell at intervals, and the pavements
were slippery with mud. The batteries
paraded in heavy marching order — knapsack,
haversack, canteen, and mess-kit — and wore
great-coats and leggings. The line of march
was: Irvington Street, Huntington Avenue,
Copley Square, Boylston Street, Berkeley
Street, Beacon Street, School Street, Wash
ington Street, State Street, Broad Street,
to Eowe's Wharf. In spite of the inclement
weather, the streets were crowded, and it
seemed that the whole population of Boston
had turned out to give the regiment a fitting
farewell. The women were particularly enthu
siastic. At one place on the line of march an
elderly woman leaned far out of a window, as
the regimental colors were being borne past,
and cried to the men in the throng on the side
walk below, "Take off your hats; take off
your hats ! I'm ashamed of you ! " The wide
31

32 The First Regiment

granite steps of the Institute of Technology
were densely packed with students, who
cheered lustily as the batteries, with not a few
graduates and undergraduates of the school
in their ranks, swung by before them.
At the State House there came another
ovation. On the same spot where Governor
Andrew, on the 25th of May, 1864, had
welcomed back the regiment on its return
from three glorious years of service with the
Army of the Potomac, stood Governor Wol
cott, with the officers of his staff, to speed the
Old First on its way to yet another war.
There was Httle ceremony; there was no ora
tory — but the moment, none the less, was
impressive. On the one hand, as the long
column took its way over the hill, was the
grand bronze memorial to Shaw and his
heroic men, mutely eloquent of duty done and
history made; on the other, as mutely elo
quent of duty yet to be performed and his
tory yet to be written, was the Governor of
the Commonwealth, erect and motionless,
standing uncovered under the lowering sky as
his troops, with his own son a private in the
ranks, tramped steadily past in parting review.

CD «

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 35
On School Street, and again on State Street,
the regiment was loyally welcomed. In spite
of slippery and treacherous pavements, align
ments and distances were well maintained,
and the batteries marched with the long,
swinging step for which, the command always
has been noted, though the unequal platoon-
fronts due to the detachment formation of
foot artillery gave an odd effect to the
column. All through the business district
the applause and cheering were continuous,
and it was almost with a sense of relief that
the regiment finally boarded its transport, the
steamer General Lincoln, and escaped from
the patriotic uproar. But even here a part
ing cheer was heard, for the men of the
Naval Brigade, on board the Minnesota, came
swarming from below in their white uniforms,
and strained their throats in fraternal desire
to start the regiment fittingly on its way to
the outer harbor-works.
With the regimental staff paraded Colonel
Eichard H. Morgan, A.I.G. (formerly major
commanding the Third BattaHon), who had
been detailed to accompany the command
as inspecting officer, and Lieutenant Erasmus

36 The First Regiment

M. Weaver, Second United States Artillery
(later Heutenant-colonel, Fifth Massachusetts
Infantry, U.S.Y., and now captain in the reg
ular artiUery), who for the year pre-vdous had
been attached to the regiment as instructor in
coast artillery work, and to whose untiring
efforts the regiment owed much for its effi
ciency. The field, staff, and line officers of
the command on this date were as noted in the
following roster — the sequence of battalions
and batteries being that in which column was
formed for parade:Colonel Charles Pfafe.
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles B. Woodman.
Staff.
1st Lieut. Charles H. Lake, Adjutant ; 1st Lieut.
John S. Keenan, Quartermaster; Major Howard S.
Deaeing, Surgeon; 1st Lieut. William A. Eolee,
Assistant Surgeon ; 1st Lieut. Horace B. Parker,
Paymaster ; 1st Lieut. John B. Paine, Inspector Eifle
Practice ; 1st Lieut. Horatio Hatha"way, Jr., Signal
Officer ; 1st Lieut. Joseph S. Francis, Eange Officer ;
1st Lieut. George S. Stock-well, Aide-de-Camp ; Eet.
Ed"waed a. Horton, Chaplain.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.
FIEST BATTALIOJSr.
Majqe Perlie a. Dyar.
" G " Battery. {Station, Boston.)
Capt. Albert B. Chick.
First Lieut. Frank S. Wilson.
Second Lieut. James H. Go wing.
" H" Battery. {Station, Chelsea.)
Capt. Walter L. Pratt.
First Lieut. William Eeneeew.
Second Lieut. Bertie E. Grant.
" A " Battery. {Station, Boston.)
Capt. John Bordman, Jr.
First Lieut. E. Dwight Fullbeton.
Second Lieut. Sumner Paine.
" L " Battery. {Station, Boston.)
Capt. Frederick M. Whiting.
First Lieut. William L. Swan.
Second Lieut. Frederick A. Cheney.
SECOND BATTALION.
Major George F. Quinby.
" D " Battery. {Station, Boston.)
Capt. Joseph H. Frothingham.
First Lieut. Norman P. Cormack.
Second Lieut. William J. McCullough

The First Regiment

" C" Battery. Colors. {Station, Boston.)
Capt. Charles P. Nutter.
First Lieut. Charles F. Nostrom.
Second Lieut. Arthur E. Hall.
" K" Battery. {Station, Boston.)
Capt. Frederic S. Howes.
First Lieut. P. Frank Packard.
Second Lieut. Albert A. Gleason.
" B " Battery. {Station, Cambridge.)
Capt. Walter E. Lombard.
First Lieut. John E. Day.
Second Lieut. Marshall Underwood.
THIED BATTALION.
Major James A. Frye.
" M" Battery. {Station, Fall River.)
Capt. Sierra L. Bealey.
First Lieut. David Fuller.
Second Lieut. Frederick W. Harrison
" F" Battery. {Station, Taunton.)
Capt. Noreis 0. Danforth.
First Lieut. Ferdinand H. Phillips,
Second Lieut. William J. Meek.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 89
" E" Battery. {Station, New Bedford.)
Capt. Joseph L. Gibbs.
First Lieut. Harold C. Wing.
Second Lieut. (Vacancy.)
" /" Battery. {Station, Brockton.)
Capt. Charles Williamson.
First Lieut. George E. Horton.
Second Lieut. Wellington H. Nilsson.
The Non-Com missioned Staff and Headquarters' at
taches were the following : Sergbant-Major William
D. Huddleson; Quartermaster-Sergeant Edward
E. Chapman; Hospital Steward George Y. Sawyer;
Paymaster-Sergeant George E. Eussell ; Drum
Major James F. Clark; Chief Bugler Frederick
A. H. Bennett ; Color-Sergeants Axel T. Toeneose
AND Horace N. Conn; Orderly Samuel Weiss;
Bandmaster Frank L. Collins.
Almost exactly at noontide, and while the
cheers of the artillerymen in response to those
of their brethren of the Naval Brigade still
were echoing across the water, the General
Lincoln cast off her lines, and, amid ear-pierc
ing salutes from every vessel provided "vvdth
steam enough to start a whistle-valve, ran
down the channel between Forts Winthrop
and Independence, on her course for Fort

40 The First Regiment
Warren. In passing out of the upper harbor,
the transport ran close to the great British
cable-steamer Minia, whose crew swarmed at
her rail and yelled their enthusiastic approval
of the proceedings, while high on her bridge
her officers lifted their caps in acknowledg
ment of the answering roar from the men in
blue. And then, at a sharp order from the
bridge, a petty officer ran aft on the Minia,
and the red ensign of England was thrice
dipped by way of wishing luck to the Yankee
volunteers. It was a pleasant incident, as well
as one not without significance, and the men
of the regiment promptly appropriated it as a
good omen.
Once more the Old First Eegiment of Mas
sachusetts was off for service. Thirty-seven
years earlier, on May 27th, 1861, it had com
pleted its muster into the volunteer army of
the United States, leaving Boston on June
15th, and proceeding at once to Washington,
where it had the high honor of being the first
of the three-years' regiments to report, armed
and equipped, for duty. Since that time the
changes had been many; officers and men had
come and gone ; batteries had been trans-

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 41
ferred, disbanded, or reorganized, until there
remained but six out of the twelve (" B," "D,"
"E," "G," "H," and "K") whose records
showed service in the previous war, while of
these only three ("D," "G,"and"H") had
campaigned with the old War First from '61 to
'64. But through all the vicissitudes of over
a third of a century the traditions and spirit
of the early days had been reverently cherished
and kept sacred, until now, when the latest
call had come, the young men whose pride it
was that they bore the veteran name and num
ber were again first in ready response to the
summons. Sheltering themselves as best they could
from the biting wind, for the cabins could ac
commodate but a portion of the regiment, the
men prepared to make the best of their hour's
trip down the harbor. They were in the high
est of spirits, for the orders to move had come
as a relief to the previous strain of waiting for
the expected to happen. The singing men
promptly got to work, while the rest either
listened, or, true to the immemorial trait of the
newly enrolled volunteer, started cheers for
every passing craft. Meanwhile the colonel

42 The First Regiment

had assembled his battalion and battery com
manders to receive their final instructions look
ing towards the comfort of the men when the
fort should be reached.
The regiment had been hurriedly called out,
and at an inclement season of the year, but its
officers felt that it was fairly ready, so far as
equipment went, for any ser"vice that might be
expected in the immediate future. In the
matter of small-arms there was little to be de
sired, since an issue of the latest model Spring
field rifie — fresh from the national armory,
and in perfect condition — had been made
during the winter previous. Uniforms and
great-coats, if lacking in smartness, were at
least serviceable. Many batteries owned their
blankets, and in addition to these there was on
hand a full supply for the regiment, both woolen
and rubber, which only awaited issue. The
medical department had well-filled chests, with
the necessary equipment and furniture for a
small field hospital. Each battery had started
from its station with full travel rations for
forty-eight hours, which would tide over the
interval required to set in operation a con
solidated regimental mess. Several cases of

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 43
heavy shoes had been ordered, to have at hand
in case delay should be experienced in filling
requisitions for foot-gear. There were on
hand twelve thousand rounds of small-arm
ammunition — not enough to go far in an in
fantry fight, but sufficient for supplying the
belts of sentries and patrol-boat crews at a
coast fort.
Considered as a whole, and more especially
in contrast "with the wretchedly found com
mands sent into the field by most other States,
the regiment certainly was in efficient and ser-
"viceable condition; it had the material neces
sary for taking care of itself, and, better still, its
officers and men were self-reliant and capable.
The only cause for uneasiness lay in the matter
of quarters. On the New England coast, and
at this time of year, the use of canvas for shel
tering volunteer troops, just called from their
homes and yet unseasoned, seemed unadvis-
able ; arrangements, therefore, had been made
by General Dalton for the use of the portable
houses owned by the City of Boston, and
employed as polHng-booths at the municipal
elections, and it was understood that something
over fifty of these had been erected on the

44 The First Regiment
parade at Fort Warren, in readiness for the
coming of the regiment. In this expectation,
however, the commanding officer was destined
to meet disappointment.

THE REGIMENT AT FORT WARREN

46

Y.
Q HOETLY after one o'clock, the transport
drew alongside the pier at Fort Warren,
and the batteries disembarked and formed in
column, with the field music at the head. Then
the regiment marched up fi"om the pier, in
through the main sallyport, and on to the par
ade, where line of masses was formed, arms
were stacked and knapsacks unslung, prepara
tory to the work of getting the baggage up
from the ti-ansport and settling down in
quarters. And here the regiment was treated
to an unwelcome surprise. The rain-proof
wooden "village which it had expected to find
waiting for its occupancy had not yet come
into existence; over by the main magazine
stood two or three lonely booths, but the rest
of the cantonment still remained piled in dis
joined pieces on the fighters lying at the pier.
To be sure, a delegation from the institution at
Deer Island was engaged in giving a half
hearted imitation of a working detail, but it
47

48 The First Regiment
was obvious to the most obtuse that the com
ing of night would find the task of village-
building hardly begun — and this led the seven
hundred men standing at ease behind the Hne
of stacks on the soggy parade ground, aud
lunching in the cold, drizzHng rain, on hard
tack and canned beef, to make philosophical
comments on the horrors of war in general, and
of this war in particular.
But the time allowed for this innocent pas
time was brief. Battery by battery, details
were told off for pack-train duty, and in a
very short time an endless chain of men
circulated between the pier and the parade,
fifing empty-handed through the Httle postern
in the northwestern bastion, and returning by
way of the main sallyport, heavy laden with
roof and wall sections. Even the wearied
men in brown from Deer Island — who
promptly had been christened by the battery-
men the " Third Corps of Cadets " — seemed
to catch the spirit of the occasion, and showed
more animation in putting one foot before the
other. And it was here that the regiment
added to its repertoire a new version of an old
song, with the merry refrain :

Ptioiogrii])!! ^j- W. H. Caliiivell, Brockton. 15-lNCK RODMANS, FORT WARREN.
Gun-laying Practice on Outward-bound Steannship.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 51
" They broke our backs
A-luggin' shacks,
In the regular army-0 ! "
By night, there had been enough house
building accomplished for the sheltering of
four batteries. The rest of the men stowed
themselves in odd corners of the fort, large
numbers bunking with their friends the regu
lars, and many picking out soft spots on the
floor of the post recreation-room and gym
nasium. As a matter of fact, it was four days
before the entire command was settled in
quarters — wet, windy days at that — lack
of working tools for putting the houses
together delaying the completion of the task.
But when the village finally stood finished, it
was a model village indeed — with a city hall,
as exempHfied by the office of the adjutant; a
city hospital, in the shape of the surgeon's
red cross shanty; eight straight, though nar
row, streets, with six houses in each; and last,
if far from least, a fire department, consisting
of two hose-reels manned by detachments
from " I " and " L " Batteries, with Captains
WiUiamson and Whiting serving as the Board
of Engineers. Later there was added a

52 The First Regiment
banquet hall, in the shape of a huge mess-tent,
which loomed up grandly in fair weather, but
tumbled ignominiously into the mud on the
stormy days when it was most needed; but in
the early days, officers and men took their
rations as best they could, in the stuffy case
mate of the gymnasium or amid the gloom of
the " Dark Arch." And it may be said here
that the messing problem was not a matter
for easy solution, since the crowded condition
of the fort made it impossible for the batteries
to cook with their Buzzacot outfits, Avhile the
fixed kitchen appliances used by the regulars
were inadequate for rationing a garrison of
over nine hundred men. The question was
finally settled, however, by employing a con
tractor to provide a general mess for the regi
ment, and this method was followed in the
rationing of the command until it was broken
up and sent to its various coast stations, late
in May.
If the enHsted men were not luxuriously
quartered in the early days at Fort Warren,
the commissioned officers certainly were not
much better off. The colonel, with his four
teen field and staff officers, went to house-

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 53
keeping in three rooms in the second
casemate to the eastward of the sallyport,
while the first casemate to the westward
found its eight rooms well populated with the
thirty-five officers of the line. The room
assigned to the lieutenant-colonel, the three
majors, and the surgeon was a type of garri
son luxury. It was lighted and aired by
three narrow musketry loopholes, which af
forded a somewhat monotonous -view of the
main ditch and sodded slope of the northern
cover-face, while its contracted area was
taken up in part by five cots, as many field-
chests, and a variable number of camp-stools.
But it had an open grate, in which a coal fire
was always glo-wing, and on the nights when
the rain drove down upon the muddy parade,
or the impenetrable fog swept over the ram
parts, it was far from lacking in comfort. As
a matter of fact, the enlisted men were ex
tremely well provided for, since each house in
the battery streets ultimately was equipped
with a coal stove and -with lamps in plenty,
while volunteer ingenuity was not long in
providing bunks, arm-racks, and cupboards.
As a rule, there were about fifteen men, under

54 The First Regiment

the proper non-commissioned officers, quar
tered in each shack, an aUowance which gave
ample space.
When the command reported at the fort, it
was in excellent condition so far as concerned
its health, and its officers purposed to keep it
so. It is worth noting that on the day after
its arrival, in spite of the fatigue, exposure,
and excitement attendant upon its departure
from home, there was not a single response at
morning surgeon's call, which was nothing
less than remarkable when it is recalled that
here were over seven hundred and fifty men,
fresh from office, shop, and factory, who had
slept in damp uniforms, and in most uncom
fortable quarters. This good record in the
matter of health was maintained to the end of
the regiment's term of service, and that it was
so maintained is due to more than mere
chance. Eigid rules, rigidly enforced, were
laid down for camp sanitary matters, and
minute inspections were daily made by both
battalion and battery commanders, while the
medical officers were alert and untiring in
looking to the welfare of the men. The try
ing and unseasonable weather of late April

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 55
and early May, together with the heavy de
tails brought under exposure on guard and
patrol duty, resulted in some sickness, but at
no time was the hospital list unduly large.
In its service of over six months there was
but one death in the regiment, and this
casualty occurred in the case of a man who
contracted scarlet fever, and died while on
mustering-out fm-lough. All through the
summer the regiment improved in health and
physique, and when finally it returned from
the field it was in the pink of condition for
further service. In justice to the officers of
the command, this point cannot be unduly
emphasized: the general condemnation of
volunteer officers, so common since the close
of the war, admits of certain sharply defined
qualifications. While no estimate yet can be
made of the dimensions of the pension bill for
1898, which finally will confront the country,
it may be stated as an assured fact that the
taxpayers need worry little over the item in
the account chargeable to the First Massa
chusetts.

A PERIOD OF SUSPENSE

YI.
IVTHILE the work of settling the regi
ment at its new station was in prog
ress, its officers found themselves confronted
by a new and serious cause for apprehension.
Up to the time of arriving at the fort, there
had been a marked lack of definite information
as to the future service of the command.
Only two facts seemed assured : that the Pres
ident had called for one hundred and twenty-
five thousand volunteers, and that the hurried
ordering out of the First had been in partial
answer to that call. Before the enthusiasm
attending the prompt assembly of the regiment
had died away, there came to Fort Warren a
bit of news which literally dumbfounded its
officers and men. Word was received from
the State House that General Corbin, in as
signing the quota of Massachusetts, had made
requisition for four regiments of infantry, and
but three batteries of heavy artillery !
The effect of this announcement may be
59

60 The First Regiment
better imagined than described. Here was a
regiment which since 1882 had received des
ultory instruction in artillery work, and since
1 892 had devoted itself seriously to the study
of the duties of this arm; year by year it had
improved in discipline and gained in efficiency
until its officers and men, beyond any doubt
or question, were fully capable of serving intel
ligently and well the secondary armament —
even if not the most modern ordnance — in
any works on the coast ; it had annually, in
its encampments, been brought into contact
with regulars, and had become thoroughly
familiar with the surroundings of permanent
fortifications ; moreover, it was the only regi
ment of miHtia heavy artillery in the entire
country — and yet a single telegram from
Washington threatened to overthrow the work
of long years, and to destroy by a stroke of
the pen an organization to whose up-building
patriotic men unselfishly had given their time,
their money, and their most earnest effort.
It hardly need be said that on the receipt of
this intelHgence the officers of the regiment,
from the Chief to the last subaltern, passed
through the successive stages of astonishment,

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 61
humiHation, and bitter chagrin, to a final con
dition of supreme disgust. It seemed evident
that the First Massachusetts, after its half-
century of honorable service in peace and war,
either had been forgotten, or else was destined
to be entirely ignored. The action of the War
Department seemed inexpHcable under the
circumstances. The country suddenly had
become involved in a war in which attacks on
its coast cities were possible, if not imminent ;
while wofully lacking in trained troops of all
arms, it stood most distressingly in need of
garrison artillery; Massachusetts, alone among
the States, was ready and waiting to offer a
regiment of fairly discipHned and fairly trained
artillerymen — and was called upon for but three
batteries ! And this, it should be noted, in the
face of an exigency which compelled the Com
manding Officer of the Department of the East
(General Orders, No. 21, 6th June, 1898) to
issue such instructions as these : " In case the
regular artillery troops at any post are not suf
ficient properly to man all the guns, the com
manding officer will apply for such officers,
companies, or details from the infantry sup
ports, to be assigned to these duties, as may

62 The First Regiment
be necessary. At fortifications where no ar
tillery troops are stationed, the post com
mander will select such companies or number
of troops as shall be necessary, and assign
them to that duty." It is a matter of record
that such assignments had to be made, and
that the raw troops used for the purpose not
only were absolutely useless as artillerists, but
even, in some instances, proved themselves in
capable of properly caring for the expensive
artillery material placed under their control.
The War Department should not have been
in ignorance of the existence of this regiment,
or of its condition of comparative efficiency.
Yearly, from 1892 to 1897, reports upon its
progress had been compiled by Colonel MiUer,
of the Third United States Artillery, and by
Colonel Kline, of the Twenty-first United
States Infantry — both of whom, to the satis
faction of those in the Massachusetts service,
since have become general officers — and these
reports had shown uniform commendation of
the conscientious work that was being done.
In 1896 Colonel KHne reported : " With this
year's work, Massachusetts has a corps (the
First Eegiment) for coast-defence. Should

MassachuS'Ctts Heavy Artillery. 65
an emergency arise necessitating the immediate
reenforcement of Fort Warren, the whole of
this fine regiment could in twenty-four hours
be sent to the post, and would now be of in-
valuable service." And in his report for 1897,
submitted at a time when war was almost in
sight, he repeated with added emphasis his
comment of the preceding year: " The Legisla
ture of the State of Massachusetts, recognizing
the advisability of a coast-defence reserve,
promptly legislated the transfer of one of the
infantry regiments (First) for this duty. The
wisdom of this legislation cannot be questioned.
Under adverse conditions the regiment has
labored ; without the means of receiving
proper instruction, save such as could be given
by officers when released from their duties,
given freely and unstintedly, yet they have
succeeded in fitting the organization as a re
serve force that could now be of invaluable
service." In both these extracts the italics
are those found in the original report, as
printed by the Military Information Division
at Washington.
Apparently the emergency requiring the
immediate reenforcement of Fort Warren had

66 The First Regiment
arrived; in less than twenty hours from the
time orders reached the men, the regiment
had reported at the post, armed, uniformed,
rationed, and equipped; officers and men stood
ready to render the invaluable services for
which an inspecting officer of the Government
had declared them fit — and yet now, at a
time when hastily raised and untrained in
fantry was to be thrown headlong into artillery
posts, there came word from Washington that
the First Massachusetts Hea-vy Artillery, as an
organization, would receive no consideration
as a part of the volunteer army of the United
States. It was small wonder that this verdict was
received with something very like consterna
tion. If it could not be reversed, the destruc
tion of the regiment was certain. For years
the men had been schooled in the belief that
they were in fact, if not in name, essentially a
part of the army of the United States; every
enlistment had been made on the understand
ing that in time of peace faithful service was
to be rendered to Massachusetts, in time of
war, to the United States. The splendid esprit
de corps of the command had been carefully

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 67
built up upon this supposition, and the men
had been taught to beheve that the hard train
ing to which they were subjected was in
tended to fit them for something more than
mere parade and ceremony, for something be
yond possible riot duty — in short, for some
thing no less serious than the defence of their
country in the hour of need.
All this was at once made known to Gov
ernor Wolcott, who instantly appreciated the
disastrous effect of the proposed action, and
set himself to the task of finding a remedy.
By his direction, Colonel Sohier, A.D.C., of
his staff, hurried on to Washington, where
by personal effort he succeeded in securing a
reversal of the decision first made by General
Corbin, who not only accepted the regiment
as then organized, but even further directed
that its term of ser-vice should date from April
26th — thus officially recognizing the com
mand as first in the field for the war. The
regimental pay-rolls subsequently were made
up from this date, and officers and men were
paid accordingly.
But though Colonel Sohier was successful
in his mission so far as concerned saving the

68 The First Regiment
regiment for the national service, it was found
impossible to secure permission to recruit the
command to war strength, for the absurd
reason that to do so would exceed the quota
of volunteers allotted to Massachusetts. From
a purely technical point of view, this decision
seems inexpHcable. There was crying need,
at the time, for garrison artillery, while it was
not expected that any serious demands would
be made upon the infantry of the army before
autumn; why, then, the proportion was not
maintained by recruiting the First, and accept
ing one of the regiments of Massachusetts
infantry temporarily on its peace strength,
must always remain beyond the comprehen
sion of those unfortunate enough to have had
a professional knowledge of the coast-defence
conditions prevaiHng at the opening of the late
war.

FROM "M.V.M." TO "U.S.V

YII.
^HE regiment was saved. Furthermore, it
was actually, if not legally, in the ser-vice
of the United States. But there yet remained
certain complex processes which had to be gone
through -with before the " U.S.Y." should sup
plant the " M.Y.M." By a pleasant legal fic
tion, it had to be assumed that the miHtia regi
ment which had set out for Fort Warren had
been lost somewhere en route, and that it had
become imperatively necessary to raise a new
regiment to take its place in the volunteer
service. All this, of course, was but the most
utter rubbish — and rubbish which under
easily supposable conditions might prove dan
gerous — yet the obsolete militia laws which
Congress has left upon the statute books,
unaltered for nearly a century, made its ob
servance necessary. General Dalton therefore
(Special Orders, No. 45, 29th April) gravely
issued instructions for the formation of the
new regiment, though oddly enough he neg-
71

72 The First Regiment

lected the matter of making inquiries as to
what had become of the old one. These in
structions were brief and to the point:
" Colonel Charles Pfaff, having been designated
to command a volunteer regiment of heavy
artillery, under the call of the President of
the United States, will cause the enrolment of
such officers and men as may volunteer in such
regiment, and will cause to be prepared the
necessary papers for muster into ser-vice of
such volunteers, by Major Carle A. Woodruff,
commanding at Fort Warren."
This order meant two things for the officers
of the First. It required a final and most
careful revision of the battery roUs, and a last
searching scrutiny by the medical officers of
the physical condition of the rank and file.
Of these two requirements, the first was by
far the most important. Had the regiment
been formed in line, and the order been given
for volunteers to step to the front, there can
be no question that the command would have
responded to the last man. But it was
exactly this sort of thing that the officers
wished to avoid. The regiment was about
to enter upon a two-years' term of ser-

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 73
vice, and its officers felt it their duty to dis
courage the enlistment of all whose famiHes
or dependents would suffer undue hardship
should that term prove necessary. It was felt
that any public call for volunteers would place
men in false positions — as such procedure
actually did in many States — and it was de
cided quietly to inquire into the merits of each
individual case, refusing such men as could
not show that their entry into the service
would not work material injury either to them
selves or to others. By adhering to this rule,
the regiment lost a small percentage of the
strength with which it went out, but the drain
was easily made good by draft from the eager
recruits who had been left behind. Better
still, the men rejected for these reasons were
enabled to retain their self-respect, and they
left for their homes with the sympathy and
good- will of their late comrades.
The task of the two medical officers was a
trying one. Day after day they labored at
the monotonous physical examinations, until
they practically became worn out. Including
recruits drafted to fill the vacant places made
by rejections for business and family reasons

74 The First Regiment
or physical deficiencies, they were obliged to
pass upon the qualifications of nearly nine
hundred officers and men. It should be re
corded, to the credit of the battery commanders
as recruiting officers, that rejections for physi
cal causes were few and far between, the rigid
examination finding but one officer and fifteen
men — a surprisingly small number — unfit for
duty. General sympathy was felt for those
sent away by the surgeons, for without excep
tion they were men whose desire to go out
with the regiment was of the keenest.
But during all the uncertainty as to the final
disposition of the regiment, as well as while
the work of transferring it from the militia to
the volunteer service was in progress, the gar
rison duty for which it had been so hastily
summoned was not neglected for a moment. On
the 27th of April, the day after the command
reported at the fort, the batteries had been
assigned to their fighting-stations, and steady
drill at the guns had begun. The drill was
no light matter; excluding the ceremonies
of guard-mounting and evening parade, the
regimental order called for four hours and a
half daily of solid work at the heavy guns, and

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 75
that work was performed "with an energy never
shown at the annual tom-s of instruction in
time of peace. On the many days when
weather conditions kept the men from the para
pets, schools of instruction were held in quar
ters, for the study of guard duty, of army
regulations, and other matters of the sort. By
April 30th, the regimental signal corps, made
up of twelve non-commissioned officers and
thirty-six privates, under the signal officer "with
an assistant, had been fully organized, and
was steadily employed in wig-wagging. On
May 1st, the Hght regimental guard mounted
during the first few days of the tour was re
placed by a strong guard of two officers with
fifty-seven non-commissioned officers and pri
vates. From these, details were made for the
patrol-boat crews, and reHefs were furnished
for the chain of posts by which the island was
surrounded. With the assignment to gun-stations, the
organization of the garrison on a fighting-
basis stood completed. The two regular bat
teries— "C" (Schenck's) and "M" (Eich-
mond's) — were stationed at the 10-inch,
breech-loading, disappearing rifles mounted in

76 The First Regiment

Bastion B and in the Eavelin Battery; with
them, for purposes of instruction, and to fur
nish reliefs if required, were four batteries of
the volunteers, " A " (Bordman's), " C " (Nut
ter's), "I" (Williamson's), and "L" (Whit
ing's). To the 8-inch converted rifles on
the eastern face of the fort, commanding the
main ship channel, were assigned four more
batteries of the First, " B " (Lombard's), " P "
(Danforth's), "K" (Howes'), and "M "
(Braley's). The 15-inch Eodman guns,
mounted in barbette on Bastion A, were manned
by "G" (Chick's) and "H" (Pratt's) Bat
teries. "E " Battery (Gibbs') was told off for
the 8-inch converted rifles in the casemate bat
tery of Bastion A, while "D" Battery (Froth-
ingham's) was assigned to the machine-gun
section, made up of Hotchkiss and GatHng
guns. Yariety in artillery work certainly was not
lacking, for the men of the regiment found
themselves called upon to handle every type
of ordnance, from the ponderous modern rifle,
on its complex mount, to the spiteful GatHng,
destined to spit its fire at prowling torpedo-
boats or chance landing parties. Nor was the

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 77
drill in the manual of the piece aU that was
required : attention had to be given to maga
zine-work, mechanical manceuvres, and the
use of cordage, while range and position find
ing were not neglected. " K " and "L "
Batteries also obtained a chance to demonstrate
their knowledge of the use of garrison-gin
and sHng-cart by moving from the fort to the
pier certain spare 8-inch converted rifles, for
shipment to other points on the coast — a task
which they performed promptly and with credit
to their earfier training in the handling of
heavy weights. Infantry drill was not entirely
neglected, and daily marching manoeuvres and
setting-up exercises were relied upon to keep
the men in form, while steadiness under arms
was taught at each evening parade.
Meanwhile progress in the preparations for
the muster of the regiment into the service
of the United States had not been delayed.
Colonel H. E. Converse, A.Q.M.G., assisted
by Colonel F. B. Stevens, A.D.O., had been on
duty at the post, representing the State in the
final settlement of property accountability on
the part of the battery commanders, and as the
result of their labors the title to the arms and

78 The First Regiment
equipments of the regiment was passed to the
general Government. The physical examina
tions had been concluded, and recruits had
been received for all vacancies. Muster-rolls
and aU other papers were ready on Saturday,
May 7th, and on the evemng of that day
Colonel Pfaff reported his command as pre
pared for the mustering-in ceremony. It was
first proposed to have this take place on Sun
day, but on second thought it was considered
better to defer it until the following day —
which, as it proved, resulted in giving to " K "
Company, of the Second Massachusetts Infan
try, the honor of being the first command in
the State to complete its actual muster.
Contrary to the prevailing rule, Monday, the
9th of May, proved to be a sunny and pleasant
day. Early in the morning, the regiment was
formed in its battery streets, in readiness for
its entry into the volimteer army. Promptly at
eight o'clock, Major Carle A. Woodruff, Second
United States Artillery, commanding the post,
and with it the other defenses of Boston
Harbor, took his station before regimental
headquarters, in readiness for the ceremony.
The regiment felt itself honored by his detail

BVT. LIEUT.-COL. CARLE A. V^OODRUFF, U.S.A.
(Major 2d Artillery.)
Musterlng-in Officer for the Regiment.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 81
as its mustering-officer : a typical American
soldier, he had received the brevets of captain,
major, and lieutenant-colonel for gallant and
meritorious services at Gettysburg, at Trevil-
lian Station, and during the Civil War as a
whole, while he also had been decorated with
the medal of honor for distinguished gallantry
in action at Newby's Cross Eoads. He had
been closely identified with the regiment since
its change from the infantry to the artillery
arm, and its officers held him in the warmest
esteem. It had been arranged that the batteries should
be mustered in the order of the seniority of
their captains, and thus the first command to
march across the parade was "M," under
veteran Captain Braley, who was responding
for the second time to the call of his country
in time of war. His appearance before the
mustering officer was the signal for a round
of applause from the group of staff officers
gathered at headquarters. In a very few
minutes both he and his command had ceased to
be militiamen, and had become United States
Yolunteers — to be followed rapidly by the
other eleven batteries of the regiment. As a

82 The First Regiment
matter of record, it was exactly 9.34 A.M. when
Colonel Woodruff finished administering the
oath to the field, staff, and non-commissioned
staff officers, thus completing the muster of the
regiment. Everything had moved with the
regularity of clock-work, and in but Httle over
an hour and a half more than seven hundred
and fifty officers and men had answered to their
names as called from the muster-rolls, and had
sworn to serve the United States faithfully and
well for the two years to come.
In this connection the statement made in the
newspaper history of the Second Massachu
setts Infantry must be corrected. It is but a
minor point, of course, yet soldiers are wont
to be jealously tenacious on minor points
affecting their own records. " This regiment,"
writes the historian of the Second, " was the
first to be mustered into the service of the
United States, the first to leave Massachusetts,
the first to invade Cuba — the first of our
regiments to enter the actualities of war." As
a strict matter of record, the Second Infantry
was mobilized at Framingham on May 3rd,
where it completed its muster-in (though " K "
Company had been mustered on May 8th) on

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 83
May 10th. The First ArtiUery entered the
United States service as militia on April 26th,
dating its pay-roUs from that day, and had been
mustered complete before 10 o'clock in the
forenoon of May 9th. It was the first militia
regiment in the service; it became the first
volunteer regiment in the service. In con
tending for this recognition it certainly does
not seek to rob the Second of its hard-won
laurels, for the First and Second, brigaded
together for long years, always have been
firm friends, though strong rivals. Chained
in its posts along shore, the First yet watched
with interest and admiration the career of the
men from western Massachusetts, and in their
trials and triumphs in far-away Cuba their
hearts would have warmed could they have
heard the verdict of their brethren of the
First — " Well done. Second Massachusetts I "

PERSONNEL OF THE REGIMENT

YIII.
/^N the completion of the mustering-in there
came an incident which was characteristic
of the spirit of the First. Since aU of the
volunteer commissions due the regiment would
bear the same date, it was evident that a de
cision must be made to settle questions of
seniority. Army regulations prescribe that
lots shall be drawn in cases similar to this,
and, had this legalized lottery been held, there
was a tempting chance that the officer of less
than a year's commissioned service might find
himself out-ranking another who had served
faithfully in the militia for years in a like
grade. To the everlasting credit of the regi
ment, its officers declined to avail themselves
of this opportunity for unearned advancement,
and by their wish the first general order issued
from headquarters of the newly-made volun
teer regiment published a roster of the com
mand, determining the rank and precedence
in the several grades, as estabhshed by pre"vi-
ous service in the miHtia of Massachusetts.
87

88

The First Regiment

As mustered into the volunteer service, the
regiment was officered as follows :

1.

Col. Charles Pfaff.

2.

Lt.-Col. Charles B. Woodman.

3.

Maj. Perlie A. Dyar.

4.

Maj. George F. Quinby.

5.
Maj. Ho-ward S. Dearing . .
Surgeon.
6.
Maj. James A. Frye.
7.
Capt. Sierra L. Braley . . .
"M" Battery.
8.
Capt. Joseph H. Frothingham .
" D " Battery.
9.
Capt. Charles Williamson . .
"I" Battery.
10.
Capt. ISTorris 0. Danforth . .
"F" Battery.
IL
Capt. Albert B. Chick . . .
"G" Battery.
12.
Capt.FrederickM. Whiting .
"L" Battery.
13.
Capt. Walter E. Lombard . .
" B " Battery.
14.
Capt. Charles P. Nutter . . .
« C " Battery.
15.
Capt. Walter L. Pratt . . .
"H" Battery.
16.
Capt. John Bordman, Jr. . .
"A" Battery.
17.
Capt. Frederic S. Howes . .
"K" Battery.
18.
Capt. Joseph L. Gibbs . . .
"E" Battery.
19.
1st Lt. Horace B. Parker . .
Adjutant.
20.
1st Lt. Charles F. Nostrom . .
«C" Battery.
21.
1st Lt. John S. Keenan . . .
Quartermaster
22.
1st Lt. John E. Day ^. . . .
"B" Battery.
23.
1st Lt. David Fuller ....
"M" Battery.
24.
1st Lt. Ferdinand H. Phillips .
"F» Battery.
25.
1st Lt. John B. Paine . . .
Eange OfBcer.
26.
1st Lt. William L. S"(van . .
" L " Battery.
27.
1st Lt. William Eenfre-w . .
«H" Battery.
28.
1st Lt. Frank S. Wilson . . .
" G " Battery.
Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.

89

29. 1st Lt. E. Dwight FuUerton .
30. 1st Lt. P. Frank Packard . .
31. 1st Lt. William A. Eolfe . .
32. 1st Lt. Norman P. Cormack .
33. 1st Lt. Harold C. Wing - . .
34. 1st Lt. George E. Horton . .
35. 1st Lt. George S. Stock"nrell .
36. 1st Lt. William S. Bryant . .
37. 2d Lt. Marshall Under-wood .
38. 2d Lt. Frederick A. Cheney .
39. 2d Lt. Bertie E. Grant . . .
40. 2d Lt. James H. Gowing . .
41. 2d Lt. Albert A. Gleason . .
42. 2d Lt. Frederick W. Harrison .
43. 2dLt. Wellington H. Nilsson .
44. 2d Lt. William J. McCullough .
45. 2d Lt. Sumner Paine ....
46. 2d Lt. Joseph S. Francis . .
47. 2d Lt. James E. Totten . . .
48. 2d Lt. Charles H. Fuller . .

" A " Battery.
"K" Battery.
Assistant Surgeon.
"D" Battery.
«E» Battery.
"I" Battery.
Signal Ofiicer.
Assistant Surgeon.
" B " Battery.
"L» Battery.
"H" Battery.
«G" Battery.
"K" Battery.
«M" Battery.
"I "Battery.
"D" Battery.
"A" Battery.
« C " Battery.
"F" Battery.
«E" Battery.

The non-commissioned staff, as finally must
ered in, was made up of Sergt.-Maj. WilHam
D. Huddleson, Q.M.-Sergt. Edward E. Chap
man, Hospital Stewards George Y. Sawyer,
Ira B. PhilHps, Thomas White, Principal
Musicians James F. Clark and Frederick A.
H. Bennett. Of the old non-commissioned
staff, Paymaster-Sergt. George E. Eussell and

90 The First Regiment
Color-Sergt. Axel T. Tornrose, whose militia
grades were not recognized in the volunteer
service, refused to be left behind, and proved
their devotion to the regiment by enlisting as
privates. The regimental band, as well as
the corps of field musicians attached to head
quarters under the miHtia organization, could
not be mustered, and until the close of its
term of service the regiment was obHged to
rest satisfied with the music of its battery
buglers, save for the short period at Framing-
ham prior to going on furlough, when the
thoughtfulness of the State authorities allowed
the band to rejoin.
Under the terms on which the mustering of
the regiment had been ordered by the War
Department, it entered the ser"vice with forty-
eight commissioned officers and seven hundred
and three eiilisted men, an aggregate for duty
of seven hundred and fifty-one. In its per
sonnel the command was exceptionally fortu
nate. Of its officers, twenty-five per cent.
were college bred, while in its ranks were to
be found representatives of nearly every
college and technical school in New England.
In machinists, electricians, and skilled mechan-

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 93
ics — the sort of material without which an
artiUery conunand never can attain its full
efficiency — the regiment was encouragingly
strong. A newspaper sketch of the Sixth
Massachusetts Infantry, recently published,
gives a roll of twenty-one Harvard men who
served in that command, and accompanies it
¦with this comment: " Harvard University con
tributed her quota to the army last summer,
and the Sixth had as many of her sons in the
ranks as any regiment in the ser-vice." It is
perhaps worth noting, though it hardly need
be a matter for controversy, that no less than
thirty-four graduates and undergraduates of
the Cambridge University went out "with the
First, of whom nine were commissioned offi
cers, while the remainder served faithfully
and with credit as enHsted men. It is a
matter for regret that statistics relating to
men from other coUeges who served in the
regiment are not available, but it may be of
interest to record here the Harvard roll, which
may be considered approximately complete :
Commissioned officers: James A. Frye
(1886), major; John Bordman, Jr. (1894),
captain; John B. Paine (1891), first lieuten-

94 The First Regiment
ant and range officer; E. Dwight FuUerton
(1898), first lieutenant; WilHam A. Eolfe
(M.S., 1890), first Heutenant and assistant
surgeon; WilHam S. Bryant (1884), first
lieutenant and assistant surgeon, later pro
moted major and brigade surgeon, and assigned
to Seventh Corps; Albert A. Gleason (1886),
second Heutenant; Sumner Paine (1890),
second lieutenant ; Joseph S. Francis (1897),
second lieutenant.
EnHsted menr Louis H. Brittin (L.S.S.,
1901), corporal, "A"; Arthur H. Howard
(1898), corporal, "A"; Edward D. Powers
(1898), corporal, "A"; Ealph W. Black
(1886), private, "K"; Edward A. Bumpus
(1898), private, "A," later appointed second
lieutenant. Twenty-first United States In
fantry; John Corbett (temporary student),
private, "B"; Charles W. Cutler (1898),
private, "A"; Eugene H. Douglass (1898),
private, "A"; Howard B. Grose (1901), pri
vate, "K"; Frederick Heilig (1897), private,
"A"; Edwin B. Holt (1896), private, "A";
Benjamin Kaufman (1900), private, "D";
Charies H. Keene (1898), private, "A";
James L. Knox (1898), private, "A"; John

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 95
F. McGrath (1895), private, "A"; Moses I.
Eeuben (1889), private, "K"; George E.
EusseU (temporary student), private, "K";
Francis E. Stoddard, Jr. (1899), private,
"A"; Harry C. Strong (1899), private,
" K " ; Edward A. Thurston (temporary stu
dent, L.S.), private, "M"; Calvin S. Tilden
(1898), private, "A"; John A. White
(1896), private, "B"; Charles H. WilHams
(L.S.S., 1900), private, "A"; Francis C.
WUson (1898), private, "A"; Eoger Wol
cott, Jr. (1898), private, "A."

THE SEASON OF RUMORS

IX.
T^HESE were stirring times for the regi
ment. It was the period of rumors — of
rumors that at any time might develop into
reahties. In order to obtain an adequate idea
of the atmosphere in which the command then
lived, it would be necessary to turn to the files
of the newspapers for the early spring of
1898, and make a classified list of the Spanish
naval bugaboos daily appearing in their
columns. One odd coincidence is well worth
recalling, as showing that all the misappre
hensions were not confined to our own cities.
On the evening of April 26th, the day on
which the regiment reported at Fort Warren,
mass meetings were held at Portsmouth and
New Bedford, to protest against the utter
disregard shown by the Government for the
defenses at those points — and on that very
night there was given in Havana a pubhc
banquet to celebrate the bombardment of
Boston, of which rumors had spread in that
99

100 The First Regiment
city! Spook fleets were common in those
days, and the men of the First, happily for
getful of the fact that they were manning
obsolete works, armed for the most part with
obsolete ordnance, and, worst of all, wofully
short of ammunition, daily hoped that the
spook cruisers might materialize into ships
of steel. What Httle time was left from their
duties they employed in pitying their less for
tunate comrades in inland camps, whom they
considered hopelessly out of the game of
coastwise attack and defence which was ex
pected to begin at any time.
And all this speculation, as a matter of
fact, was not so wild as it now may seem.
It was known that the Spanish torpedo
flotilla had rendezvoused at the Cape Yerde
Islands on March 24th, where it was joined
on April 14th by the Infanta Maria Teresa
and Cristoial Colon, and later, on the 20th,
by the Yizcaya and Almirante Oquendo. On
the 22d of April this formidable squadron
was ordered to sea, and on the 29th it sailed
— to a destination then unknown to any one
on this side of the Atlantic. During the four
anxious weeks that followed, this threatening

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery: 101
fleet was lost to sight; and throughout this
month of uncertainty, as Spears, the historian
of the Navy in its latest war, rightly says,
"Not only was it a mysterious squadron in
its movements: to a large part of our along
shore population it was positively fearsome.
And there was good reason, when the make
up of the squadron only is considered, for vigi
lance, if not for alarm, in our more weakly
fortified harbors. Where it would make a
landfall was a question, for the whole United
States coast was, in a way, open to attack."
An added element of uncertainty was to be
found in the announcement made by Sagasta,
on April 24th: "The Spanish Government,
reserving its right to grant letters of marque,
will at present confine itself to organizing,
with the vessels of the mercantile marine, a
force of auxiliary cruisers, which will cooper
ate with the navy, according to the needs of
the campaign, and will be under naval control."
It was believed that Spain, in accordance with
this policy, had taken and armed a number of
able, sea-going steamers, and the legitimate
inference was that they were to be employed
in attacks on our commerce, or in sudden de-

102 The First Regiment
scents upon our open ports, rather than in
fights with our own cruisers.
As a matter of fact, during the months of
May and June, the people dwelling along the
coast were much in the condition of the small
boy who is troubled by "seein' things at
night," and apparently the masters of incom
ing vessels were laboring under a like afflic
tion. A very careful record of the Spanish
apparitions by which the coast was haunted
at this time was kept by an officer of the First,
and to read it at this late day is to become
convinced that the newspaper buyers of 1898
most certainly got their money's worth. It
is a weird catalogue of rumors, from the tale
of the mysterious cannonading heard at East-
port to the reported sighting of the "three
long, low, rakish craft, saiHng in column for
mation, and signaUing by masthead lights
as they steadily held their course in the dark
ness"— which might have fitted a Spanish
squadron, but yet was equally appHcable to
the case of a tow of coal-barges on its way
around the Cape to Boston.
But in spite of the utter absurdity of many
of the reports, the officers of the First gave

8-INCH RIFLE BATTERY, FORT WARREN.
Covering Mam Ship Channel, Boston Harbor.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 105
much careful consideration to the diagrams in
Brassey's ''Naval Annual," and Janes' " Fight
ing Ships," "with a -view to putting 8-inch shot
in the spots where they would do the most
good should occasion arise ; and nobody was un
duly surprised when, shortly after midnight of
May 13th, the Tourist, the steamer employed
by the Engineers in their harbor-mining work,
came puffing do"wn from the city, announcing
her arrival at the fort by long blasts of her
whistle, and bringing word that at last the
long-expected fleet had been sighted off Nan
tucket, steering a course for Boston. Coming
by way of the Na"vy Department, this bit of
intelHgence seemed worthy of consideration,
and so in the early morning the officers of the
regular garrison sent their famiHes away from
the island and out of danger, while the volun
teers uncased the last of the smaU store of 8-inch
projectiles for the guns in their charge, gave
a final look to their equipments, and then sat
themselves do"wn on the parapets to await the
first glimpse of Cervera's armada. Field-
glasses were at a premium that day, and the
¦wide expanse of water towards Boston light
ship became an object of much interest; but

106 The First Regiment
Cervera failed to appear, and to the disgust
of regulars and volunteers alike it became
evident, as the hours slipped away, that even
official warnings via the Navy Yard must be
received with proper and due allowances.
For some time now the port had been closed
at night. Electric signal lanterns had been
rigged upon the flagstaff of the fort, and every
evening the officer of the guard was given the
code signal for that especial date, by which
ships of our navy were to be recognized. The
orders of the post directed that any steamer
faihng to acknowledge signals from the fort,
or replying by wrong combinations, should be
fired on. But no steamers, either of the na"vy
or of the merchant marine, attempted to make
port after dark, and the only firing required
was that done by patrol-boat crews, who were
obliged at times to use their rifles on the fish
ermen and coasters which, under cover of
darkness, ignorantly or wUfully persisted in
blundering in among the mine-fields.
On the 3rd of May all troops of the At
lantic States had been placed under command
of General Merritt, to be employed in coast-
defence, and to him Colonel Pfaff reported his

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 107
regiment. Soon after. Lieutenant Strother,
(later major, U.S.Y.), A.D.C. to General
Merritt, was ordered to Boston for the pur
pose of inspecting the regiment, so far as
concerned its equipment for service, and rec
ommending stations for its assignment in the
general scheme of defence. Having visited
Fort Warren, where he made a careful inquiry
into the condition of the command. Lieutenant
Strother held a consultation with the State
authorities, and returned to New York to
report to his chief. On the 10th came tele
graphic orders from Headquarters, Department
of the East, detaching the Third Battalion
("E," "F," "I," and "M" Batteries, under
Major Frye), to report to Colonel Woodruff
for duty as part of the garrison at Fort War
ren, and directing the remainder of the regi
ment to hold itself in readiness for assignment
under orders later to be issued.
Changes which ultimately concerned the
First had meanwhile been in progress among
the regular batteries stationed on the New Eng
land coast. "K" Battery (Curtis'), of the
Second ArtiUery, had been ordered on April
28th from Fort Schuyler, N.Y., to the ungar-

108 The First Regiment
risoned defenses at Portsmouth, N.H. On
May 6th Colonel Woodruff, in addition to his
duties as commanding officer at Fort Warren,
was assigned to the general command of the
defenses of Boston Harbor; Major Charles
Morris, Seventh ArtUlery, was placed in com
mand of the Mortar Battery at Winthrop (up
to this time in charge of Lieutenant Ketcham,
Second Artillery, with a small detachment of
about thirty men taken from the batteries at
Warren) "with a garrison made up of " M "
Battery (Eichmond's), Second ArtUlery, and
"F" Battery (Anderson's), Seventh Artillery,
from Schuyler ; the gap left in the garrison at
Warren by the withdrawal of Eichmond was
filled by the transfer of " G " Battery
(Brown's), Seventh Artillery, from Schuyler;
and finally. Lieutenant Lyon, with a detach
ment of thirty men from the batteries of the
Second Artillery at Fort Adams, Newport,
E.I., was ordered to the fort at Clark's Point,
New Bedford, later to be named Fort Eodman.
The shifting of regular batteries at Warren
occurred on May 16th, and the officers of the
First parted with regret from Captain Eich
mond, who had made many friends among them.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 109
Most unexpectedly, on May 18th, a message
was received at the fort announcing the coming
of Governor Wolcott, to present to the officers
their volunteer commissions. On his arrival
the regiment formed for review, and after the
march-past stood closed in mass by battahons,
"with the officers grouped at the centre, while
the Governor spoke a few words of farewell,
saying, among other things :
" It is your high privilege to have been sum
moned into the service of the United States
at a time when the clouds of war with a for
eign Power threatened the EepubHc. I know
of no higher service that a citizen can be called
upon to render than to offer his life, if need be,
in the cause of his country. You enter this
service not as raw recruits, but with obedience
and discipline acquired in the militia service
of the Commonwealth. Whether you are
assigned the honorable duty of guarding the
sea-coast of the Commonwealth of your birth,
or are summoned to some distant point in
other lands or within the confines of your own
country, see to it that no act of yours shall
bring aught but added glory to the colors
you bear. Be of high courage and good

110 The First Regiment
cheer; the great heart of the Commonwealth
"will follow you ¦with pride and affection, what
ever the duty you may be called upon to per
form." Eeceiving the commissions from the hands
of Colonel Bradley of his staff, who had served
through the Civil War in the First Massachu
setts Heavy Artillery of 1861, the Governor
then presented them to the officers of the reg
iment in the order of their rank, finally turn
ing to Colonel Pfaff to say, " I congratulate
you. Colonel, upon the regiment you have the
honor to command, and upon the service you
now enter."
On the conclusion of this very simple yet
impressive ceremony, the regiment was dis
missed. The Govemor then made an informal
inspection of battery quarters, and afterwards
was conducted over the works in order that
he might see for himself whatever of progress
was being made towards instalHng modern
armament in the main fortification of his capi
tal city. Later, with the members of his staff,
he was the guest of the officers' mess at lun
cheon ; and early in the afternoon he took
final leave of the regiment, which always had

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Ill
considered it an honor to serve under him as
commander-in-chief, but now — though not
without a touch of regret — had passed for a
time beyond his authority.

ASSIGNMENT TO STATIONS

X.
T^HE day now had come when, after the
custom of the artillery ser"vice, the regi
ment must be broken up and scattered in its
isolated posts along shore. General Merritt
was relieved of the command of the Depart
ment of the East on May 20th, to go to the far
East as commanding officer of the Philippine
expedition. His successor was General Frank,
U.S.Y., promoted from the colonelcy of the
First United States ArtiUery, who lost no time
in issuing orders (S.O., 112, H.Q., D.E., 23rd
May) for the final distribution of the regiment
to its stations. The text of this order read :
" The following assignment to stations of
the First Eegiment Massachusetts Heavy
ArtiUery, now at Fort Warren — Colonel Pfaff,
commanding — is hereby ordered : Colonel
Pfaff, with headquarters and two batteries, to
Salem, and to command the various fortifica
tions and points on the North Shore of Massa
chusetts where batteries of his regiment are
115

116 The First Regiment
placed. The Lieutenant-Colonel, and two bat
teries, to Clark's Point, Mass. Major Frye,
with 'E,' 'F,' 'I,' and 'M' Batteries, wiU
remain on duty at Fort Warren, as heretofore
designated by telegl-aphic orders. The four
remaining batteries, one each to Gloucester,
Marblehead, Nahant, and Plum Island, Mass.
Colonel Pfaff will designate the unassigned
field officers and batteries for stations to the
points other than Fort Warren, as he shaU
deem advisable, notifying these headquarters
of the letters of batteries, and the officers
so assigned, to the respective stations. The
troops wiU take tents, camp equipage, and ten
days' rations."
This order ended for the time being aU
speculation as to the destination of the regi
ment in the immediate future, and though it
certainly failed to please everybody, it yet was
received with Httle comment by those whom it
concerned. It was recognized that artillery
posts must vary from good to indifferent, or
even from indiflferent to bad, and the officers
spent their leisure moments in pleasant con
jectures as to undesirability of the assignments
which were destined to fall to their lot.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 117
On May 30th Colonel Pfaff issued the orders
for the distribution of the First and Second
BattaHons. " G " (Chick's) and " L " (Whit
ing's) Batteries, with Lieutenant Paine, range
officer, and Lieutenant Bryant, assistant sur
geon, were ordered to report to Lieutenant-
Colonel Woodman, to take station at New
Bedford. For the garrison at Salem, " C "
(Nutter's) and "D" (Frothingham's) Bat
teries were designated, under Major Dyar as
commanding officer of the post, to whom
was to report Lieutenant Eolfe, assistant
surgeon, so soon as relieved from his de
tail as post surgeon at Fort Warren. Major
Quinby, "with " K " (Howes') Battery, and Hos
pital Steward White, was assigned to the de
fenses at Gloucester. Captain Lombard, with
"B" Battery, and Hospital Steward Phillips,
was ordered to Newburyport, to establish a
post at the entrance of the harbor. Captain
Pratt, with " H " Battery, was assigned to the
works at Marblehead. Captain Bordman, with
"A" Battery, was directed to take station at
Nahant, for the protection of the mining case
mate at that point.
Preparation for these movements began

118 The First Regiment
promptly, but stormy weather and delay in
securing transportation made it over a week
before the last of the departing batteries was
able to leave Fort Warren. Meanwhile the
posts for which these detachments from the
regiment were destined had been garrisoned
temporarily by the miHtia — commanded at
first by General Mathews, and later by General
Bancroft. Influenced by the prevailing uneasi
ness. Governor Wolcott, on May 7th, had pru
dently ordered his remaining State troops into
the field for the protection of the coast until
such time as the general Government should
assume the responsibility, and the Fifth Infan
try, the First and Second BattaHons of Cadets,
with the three Hght batteries, had been render
ing valuable ser-vice at exposed points, from
Hull to the mouth of the Merrimac. Unable to
enter the volunteer service, under the limits
imposed by the call of the President, these
commands eagerly had responded to the call
of the Commonwealth, and they most certainly
are entitled to recognition for the faithful work
performed, under most trying conditions as to
weather, during the thirty days of their tour.
On June 1st, Lieutenant-Colonel Woodman

Pliotograph bj T. K. Marr. Bo;

GARRISON ENCAMPMENT. FORT PICKERING.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 121
and his command left for New Bedford, pro
ceeding from Boston by rail; while, on the
3rd, Colonel Pfaff and the officers of his
staff established regimental headquarters at
Salem. On the 6th, Major Quinby and
"A," "C," "D,"aiid "H" Batteries left for
their stations, followed on the 7th by "B"
and "K" Batteries. All these latter com
mands were furnished with transportation by
water, and it may be noted that the small
steamers employed for the purpose were well
loaded do"wn by the troops and their baggage.
It so happened that the departure of the
detachments took place during a period of
very heavy weather, and more than one
anxious watcher stood on the parapet at
Warren, to follow through field-glasses the
course of the receding transports, as they
rolled and pitched across the bay and towards
the North Shore.
The widely scattered detachments of the
First now settled themselves as best they might
at their respective coast-guard stations, and
prepared to make the most of the scanty
materials for defence which they found at
hand. Under the final assignments, the dis-

122

The First Regiment

Officers

Men.

Total

3

69

6i

4

59

6£

3

68

6]

13

121

134

3

58

61

13

232

24fi

9

116

125

48

703

751

tribution of the regimental strength was ae
follows :
Station.
Defenses of Ne"(vburyport .
Stage Fort, Gloucester
Fort Se-wall, Marblehead .
Fort Pickering, Salem
Mining Casemate, Nahant
Fort Warren, Boston
Fort Eodman, Ne-w Bedford
Aggregate for duty
Hardly had the regiment begun to adapt
itself to the new conditions, when telegraphic
orders from the War Department arrived
directing that the batteries be at once recruited
to full artillery strength, two hundred enHsted
men each — or an aggregate of sixty officers
and twenty-four hundred men for the entire
command, since an additional second lieuten
ant would be appointed to each battery when
on a war footing. It is needless to say that
this order was hailed with delight by both
officers and men: to the former it gave promise
of more active service, while to the latter it
meant unlimited promotion, since over two
hundred and fifty additional sergeants and

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 123
corporals would be required in the expanded
batteries. No time was lost in preparing to
comply with this order. Major Dyar was de
tailed as chief recruiting officer, with Captains
WilHamson and Nutter as assistants, and plans
were made for opening recruiting offices in
Boston, New Bedford, Brockton, and Salem.
Battery commanders immediately attempted to
get into communication with the men whom
they had left behind, under former conditions,
in the hope of finding that not all of them had
yet enHsted in the regulars or in other volun
teer regiments. Everything was ready for
beginning the work of recruiting — when word
came by telegraph from Washington that the
whole matter was a mistake, and that the
recruiting order had been meant to apply alone
to the Massachusetts infantry regiments. It
was a bitter disappointment. The regiment
stood sadly in need of recruits, since its strength
as organized barely sufficed for the perform
ance of routine garrison duty, and when the
President, on May 25th, issued his call for
seventy-five thousand additional volunteers,
the officers of the First felt that from the aUot-
ment of Massachusetts they should at least

124 The First Regiment
secure enough men to bring the regimental
enrolment up to twelve hundred. But for a
second time they were destined to see then-
command passed by without consideration.
The pressure exerted to bring the Fifth In
fantry into the volunteer service, or it may
be some other cause yet remaining to be
explained, left the faithful First still ser"ving
with skeleton ranks.
In spite of all disappointments, however,
the command never slackened in the perform
ance of its appointed work. There were many
problems to be solved, and of these the most
perplexing was how to evolve an efficient
defence from ridiculously inadequate materials.
In his command on the North Shore Colonel
Pfaff found himself confronted by a grave
situation of affairs. To him had been entrusted
the defence of five important points, among
them four towns aggregating over eighty-five
thousand inhabitants, and with property inter
ests to be reckoned by tens of millions ; and,
to state unpleasant facts "with relentless exact
ness, every modern and effective appliance for
defensive operations had been denied him.
Newburyport, Gloucester, Marblehead, and

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 125
Salem were all liable to bombardment from
the open sea, and the fire of heavy guns alone
could give even a promise of immunity from
that form of attack; but there were no heavy
guns mounted at any of these points. Eight
3-inch, muzzle-loading rifles (type of 1862)
had been brought to the coast by two of the
miHtia Hght batteries, and these had been
turned over to the volunteers refieving them,
while sixteen Driggs-Schroeder rapid-fire
guns, ranging in calibre from one- to sis-
pounders, hastily purchased by the State from
its war emergency appropriation, also had
been placed in the hands of the batteries of
the First. Beyond these there was nothing in
the way of ordnance — not a gun, not a round
of ammunition was supplied by the general
Government for these five posts to which it
had seen fit to order artillery garrisons !
After making a rapid study of the situation,
it became apparent that serious resistance to
anything Hke a resolute fleet attack could not
be made, but it was confidently believed that,
¦with the means at hand, at least three other
forms of naval attack might be successfully
parried. Dispositions accordingly were made

126 The First Regiment
to meet sudden descents by Spanish auxiliary
cruisers, dashes into harbors by torpedo-boats,
or any attempts at operations by landing
parties; and it should be said here that noth
ing was left undone towards pro"viding, with
the material available, all possible protection
to the points garrisoned by these volunteer
batteries.

FORT PICKERING AND THE "NORTH
SHORE" DEFENSES

XI.
T^EOM this time until the assembly of the
command at Framingham, preparatory to
going on mustering-out furlough, the reg
imental history becomes that of the widely dis
persed fractions, whUe the record of events is
but a dull story of garrison duty, faithfuUy
performed in the face of every discourage
ment. For administrative purposes the regi
ment now formed three distinct divisions —
that under Colonel Pfaff, with headquarters
at Salem, and sub-posts at the points on the
North Shore already noted; the garrison
at New Bedford, under Lieutenant-Colonel
Woodman, reporting directly to the command
ing officer at Fort Adams, E.I; and the bat
talion commanded by Major Frye, at Fort
Warren, under the immediate orders of the
commanding officer of the defenses of Boston
Harbor. The record of these divisions, in
their order, may briefiy be given:
Colonel Pfaff, -with his stafi" and attaches,
129

130 The First Regiment
reached Salem on June 3d. Headquarters at
once were estabhshed at Fort Pickering, situ
ated on Winter Island, at the entrance of the
inner harbor. On the 6th, "C" and "D"
Batteries arrived at the post, reporting to
Major Dyar, who had been detailed as post
commander. The batteries at once pitched
camp on the glacis outside the wet ditch sur
rounding the old fort, while the headquarters
tents were located inside the parapet of an out
work covering the landward approach. The
fort itself was but a ruin. Since the earliest
colonial days the site had been occupied by
defensive works, and the present Fort Pick
ering had been rebuilt and garrisoned in 1861 ;
but from that time on it had been allowed,
through the storms of a third of a centmy, to
crumble into decay. There were no quarters for
troops, there was no armament of heavy guns;
and, worst of all, the location of the work was
such that bombardment under modern long-
range conditions could not be prevented.
But Salem, -with its heavy property interests,
its large coastwise trade, and its enormous
coal-pockets — so tempting to a coal-hungry
enemy — had to be protected as best might

MAJOR PERLIE A. DYAR, U.S.V.
Commanding First Battalion.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 133
be ; and, as soon as the camp had been settled.
Captains Frothingham and Nutter, under the
supervision of Major Dyar, set their men at
work, with shovel, pick, and barrow, on the
feeble defenses. Time was lacking for the
remodelling of the entire work, even if the
numerical strength of the working details
had permitted, and work was confined to
strengthening the weak channel face of the
fort. Here, from plans drawn by Lieutenant
Francis, a civil engineer by profession, an
earthen parapet of strong profile, with stone
revetment, was constructed. The working
tools and derricks required in the undertaking
were suppHed by the city authorities of Salem,
who in this, as in many other ways, showed a
desire to be of every assistance to the garrison.
Guns of at least medium calibre were urgently
needed, and Colonel Pfaff endeavored, through
the department commander, to obtain a battery
of six 8-inch converted rifles. In this attempt
he was unsuccessful, though a number of guns
of this type lay idle at Fort Warren, where
they had been dismounted and removed from
the casemates. WhUe the carriages of these
guns were not properly adapted for use in a

134 The First Regiment
barbette battery, they yet might have served
the purpose after a fashion; especially since
this war, it always must be borne in mind, was
from first to last a war of makeshifts. As the
event proved, however, the garrison at Fort
Pickering was forced to remain content with
the armament of small-calibre, rapid-fire guns
supplied through the enterprise of the State
of Massachusetts. It so happened that both
Captains Frothingham and Nutter, prior to
the war, had been conspicuous for their devo
tion to the study of modern artillery work ;
their men were well grounded in the princi
ples of sea-coast gunnery, and their being
thus stationed at a post absolutely destitute
of modern hea-vy ordnance seemed no Hght
hardship. When such engineering work as was im
peratively required had been brought to com
pletion, both officers and men settled down to
the monotony of garrison routine. Lieutenant
Stockwell was appointed post adjutant, while
Lieutenant Keenan served in the triple capac
ity of post quartermaster, commissary, and
ordnance officer. Though the health of the
command was uniformly good, the medical

MAJOR HOWARD S. DEARING, U.S.V.
Regimental Surgeon.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 137
officers yet found their time amply occupied,
since in addition to their duties at Pickering
they were required to visit the sub-posts at
Gloucester, Marblehead, and Nahant. On
June 24th, Lieutenant Eolfe, assistant surgeon,
was relieved from duty at Fort Warren,
reporting immediately at regimental head
quarters; but in July, failing to recover from
a severe illness contracted during the earher
service of the regiment, he found himself
compelled to resign, thus depri^ving the com
mand of the services of an efficient and popu
lar officer. Later in the same month. Assistant
Surgeon Bryant received promotion which
took him from the First, and from this time
until the close of its volunteer service the
regiment had but one medical officer. Major
Dearing, senior surgeon, whose unfiagging
devotion to the welfare of the command won
for him the gratitude and esteem of every
officer and man. On July 26th, Captain Froth
ingham, with Lieutenants Nostrom, McCul
lough, and Francis, proceeded to Fort Preble,
Me., for duty on a general court martial, mak
ing several visits thereafter to that post before
the final adjournment of the court.

138 The First Regiment
For lack of opportunity at artillery drill,
attention was turned to infantry work, and
the garrison was hardened into condition for
field ser"7ice by a succession of practice
marches and field manoeuvres over the country
in the vicinity of the post. The garrison
evening parade, held outside the main work,
was a never-faihng source of interest to the
people of Salem, and on every pleasant after
noon crowds came out from the city to attend
the ceremony. On July 25th, "A" Battery
changed station from Nahant to Pickering,
marching in over the road with its field guns
and wagon train. Late in August, " B "
Battery was ordered to rejoin at Salem from
its station at Portsmouth, N.H., thus bringing
the garrison strength up to a battahon of four
batteries. Such officers as could be spared
from this post, with many from the other
posts garrisoned by the regiment, were pres
ent, on August 12th, at the funeral of the
lamented Colonel Bogan, of the Ninth Massa
chusetts Infantry, who long had been a friend
of the First, and had been detailed as its
inspecting officer while ser"ving on the staff of
Governor Eussell; and again, on August 30th,

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 139
the battalion at Pickering performed a sad
duty by parading as escort, under command
of Major Dyar, at the funeral of Major O'Con
nor, of the Ninth. No further event of
especial moment appears on the records of
the post until its abandonment on Sep
tember 19th.
Major Quinby, with "K" Battery, under
command of Captain Howes, reached his
station at Stage Fort, Gloucester, on the
7th of June. This post, though admirable
as a camping site, hardly could be considered
desirable from an artillery point of view.
The old fort itself, an earthen battery com
manding the inner harbor and its approaches,
had lain abandoned since the close of the
Civil War, and this long period of neglect had
brought the inevitable results. Under the
action of wind and weather its parapets gradu
ally had worn away, and its magazine was in
a ruinous condition. For armament there
were rapid-fire guns, supplemented by 3-inch,
muzzle-loading field guns turned over by the
departing militia garrison. Fortunately for
the peace of mind of the people of Gloucester,
the fort was not the sole defense of the harbor;

14(3 The First Regiment
for the historic old monitor Gatshill, manned
by volunteer seamen recruited from the ranks
of the Massachusetts Naval Brigade, lay there
at anchor during the greater part of the
summer. With the two 15-inch Dahlgren
guns in its battered turret, this relic of 1862
might still have been a factor in any dispute
with privateers or unarmored cruisers of the
enemy. It was the intention of Colonel Pfaff
to secure for this post two 8-inch converted
rifles, but his request for the guns was not
complied with.
There were no barracks at Stage Fort, and
the garrison went into camp under canvas.
After settling the matter of quarters, work
was begun without delay, and the ravages
of time on the old fort were repaired as
thoroughly as possible. When everything
had been put into condition for action, the
command quietly took up the customary post
routine. Lieutenant Packard was detailed as
post adjutant, performing the duties of the
position until July 18th, when ho was ordered
to Fort Columbus, New York Harbor, where
he remained on detached service until relieved
on September 12th. After his departure from

MAJOR GEORGE F. QUINBY, U S.V.
Commanding Second Battalion.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 143
the post, the adjutant's duties fell to Lieuten
ant Gleason, who already had been acting as
post quartermaster and comroissary. On Sep
tember 15th, at the request of the city whose
name she bore, the famous little auxiliary
cruiser Gloucester, with laurels fresh from her
victorious fight with the Spanish torpedo-gun
boats Pluton and Furor, made a visit to the
harbor. As she came to her anchorage, the
garrison at Stage Fort fired a salute in her
honor; and on the foUo"wing day, at the recep
tion given by the city, the battery paraded as
escort to Captain Wainwright and the men of
his crew.
Captain Lombard, with "B" Battery, had
drawn what was perhaps the least desirable of
all the posts faUing to the regiment, that at
Plum Island, covering Newbiu-yport and the
entrance to the Merrimac. After a rough
passage around Cape Ann, he arrived with his
command at this station on June 7th. The
island is a low, sandy formation, ten miles in
length, commanding at its northern extremity
the channel leading into the harbor of New
buryport. At this point, lying but three miles
and a half from the railway bridge marking

144 The First Regiment
the centre of the city, the command pitched
its camp, and threw up an earthwork of sHght
profile for the reception of its field guns.
Shallow waters and a treacherous bar deter
vessels of any considerable draft from attempt
ing to enter this harbor; but the city offers a
tempting and easy mark for torpedo-boat raids,
and it was to discourage any enterprise of this
sort that " B " Battery was condemned to a
month of dreary duty among the sand dunes.
The order of July 2nd, directing the command
to change station to Fort McClary, Maine, was
received at the post with dehght, and Httle
time was lost in preparing to leave behind the
brackish water, mosquitoes, and monotony of
Plum Island.
Before this order could be executed, it was
amended. These were the days when ugly
rumors were coming from before Santiago,
and the Government was making hurried
efforts to meet a possible disaster on land.
Captain Curtis, "with his battery (" K ") of the
Second Artillery, was garrisoning the defenses
at Portsmouth, of which McClary was a sub-
post, and to him on July 6th came rush orders
to hasten "with his battery to Tampa, to join

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 145
the siege train there organizing, while Captain
Lombard was directed to relieve him in the
command of the Portsmouth defenses. On
the 8th, " B " Battery reached its new station,
taking post at Fort Constitution, and placing
detachments at Fort McClary, on the Maine
shore opposite, and at Jerry's Point, in the
outer line of defenses. The command now
occupied a most responsible position, with
more than enough work for its small enlisted
strength, for here there was much modern
artillery material to be cared for, while the
guard duty of the scattered posts made heavy
drafts on the endurance of the men. These
important defenses, covering not only the city
of Portsmouth, but also the Kittery Na"vy
Yard, were now added to the other posts
under command of Colonel Pfaff, who on the
last day of July visited the station, and in
spected the works and the garrison. After
becoming settled in quarters, details were
made for post administration. Lieutenant Day
being appointed post adjutant and Lieutenant
Underwood post quartermaster and commis
sary. On August 19th, the Santiago cam
paign ha-ving turned out luckily after all. Cap-

146 The First Regiment
tain Curtis was ordered with his battery back
from Tampa, arriving a few days later to re
lieve Captain Lombard. At this time Major
Crozier, A.I.G., reached the post on his tour
of inspection, and by his direction " B " Bat
tery demonstrated its ability to handle modern
ordnance by conducting the test-firing of the
newly mounted 8-inch breech-loading rifies,
on their disappearing carriages. Shortly
afterwards. Captain Lombard and his com
mand changed station to Pickering, reporting
to Colonel Pfaff on August 27th.
The garrison for Marblehead, " H " Battery,
under command of Captain Pratt, arrived on
June 6th at its station at Fort Sewall. This old
fortification, which properly should be classed
as a mere field work, not only commands the
entrance to the harbor of Marblehead, but also
plays an important part in the outer line of de
fence for Salem. Having been ungarrisoned
for more than thirty years, it naturally was in
a dilapidated condition, and on the arrival of
" H " Battery it was without armament. As in
the case of Stage Fort, the request of Colonel
Pfaff for two 8-inch converted rifies was
ignored, and reliance had to be placed upon

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 147
the rapid-fire guns brought to the post by the
incoming troops. After pitching its camp and
making the required repairs on the works,
the garrison settled itself for what proved to
be an uneventful tour of occupation. At this
post Lieutenant Eenfrew acted as adjutant,
with Lieutenant Grant as quarterrriaster and
commissary. The only break in the monotony
of the summer came when a battalion from
Pickering, after a forced march from Salem,
feigned an attack on the post by a landing
party, which was met and repulsed in a work
manlike manner by Captain Pratt and his
command. The mining-casemate at Nahant, from which
the mine-fields in Broad Sound, Boston Har
bor, were to have been controlled, was placed
in charge of Captain Bordman, who arrived with
his command (" A " Battery) at this station on
June 6th, and at once laid out his camp near
the work to be guarded. Eapid-fire field guns
were issued to this post, but infantry guard
duty was practically all that was required of
its garrison. Lieutenant FuUerton served as
post adjutant untU ordered to Fort Columbus,
New York Harbor, on July 18th, where he re-

148 The First Regiment
mained on detached service until the muster-
out of the regiment. The quartermaster and
commissary duties were performed by Lieuten
ant Sumner Paine. Lacking the material for
artillery work. Captain Bordman turned to in
fantry drill, and by constant road marches and
field exercises brought his command into prime
physical condition. The tour of the battery at
this station was not destined to be a long one.
In the rush of emergency harbor-work during
the early days of the war, the Engineers first
gave their attention to the mining of the main
ship channel and Nantasket Eoads, leaving
Broad Sound — the water area for bombard
ment of Boston, Lynn, and Chelsea — for later
consideration ; but with the destruction of
Cervera's fleet, all active mining operations
came abruptly to a close, and the Broad Sound
system remained uninstalled. The post at Na
hant, therefore, was ordered to be abandoned
on July 25th, its garrison reporting at Fort
Pickering on that date.

FORT RODMAN AND ITS GARRISON

xn.
T^HE second of the three general divisions
into which the regiment had been sepa
rated — Lieutenant-Colonel Woodman's com
mand, " G " (Chick's) and " L " (Whiting's)
Batteries — arrived at its destination at New
Bedford on June 1st, reporting to Lieutenant-
Colonel Haskin, Second United States Artil
lery, commanding officer at Fort Adams, E.I.
The post to be garrisoned was then borne on
the army register as the " Fort at Clark's
Point," the designation by which it had been
known since 1857, when ground first was
broken for its construction. The fort is an ex
cellent type of the clever military engineering
for which this country was noted at the middle
of the century. It is an enclosed work of
granite, with two tiers of casemate guns and
provisions for a third tier in barbette, though
the guns of the latter battery never have been
mounted. In June last its armament was
made up of 8- and 10-inch Eodmans, 100-
151

152 The First Regiment
pounder (6.4-inch) Parrott rifles, and 24-
pounder (5.8-inch) flank-casemate howitzers.
All through the summer and fall months
the Engineers were steadily at work on ex
terior emplacements for 8-inch breech-load
ing rifles, on disappearing mounts, while
mortar and rapid-fire batteries also were pro
jected for the post; but during its occupation
by its volunteer garrison the only available
ordnance was that of the types of the Ci"7il
War. The site of the works is at the extremity of
Clark's Point, three miles and a half from the
centre of New Bedford, at a point command
ing not only the channel entering the harbor,
but also all water areas for bombardment to
the southward of the city. Prior to the war
"with Spain, a solitary ordnance sergeant formed
the garrison at the post, but on May 6th a de
tachment of thirty men from the Second Artil
lery, under command of Lieutenant Lyon
(later reheved, on May 27th, by Lieutenant
Connor), had been ordered over from Fort
Adams for guard duty. The casemates on the
landward face of the fort, originally intended
for use as quarters, never had been placed in

LIEUT.-COL. CHARLES B. V^OODMAN, U.S.V.
Second- in-Com mand.

Massachusetts Heavy ArtiUery. 155
condition for occupancy, and the detachment
of regulars therefore was quartered in an old
building standing on the reservation, while the
battalion of volunteers pitched camp in an open
field to the northwest of the fort. It would
have been difficult to find a more desirable site
for the encampment. Lying on dry and level
ground, between two arms of the sea, it not
only afforded a pleasant outlook, but also was
constantly swept by cool breezes from off the
water. Under such circumstances, camp sani
tation afforded an easy problem, and during
its tour at this post the health of the command
remained excellent.
At this station. the post administrative staff
was made up of Lieutenant J. B. Paine, adju
tant; Lieutenant Gowing, quartermaster and
commissary ; and Lieutenant Bryant, surgeon.
In addition to his duties as battery com
mander. Captain Whiting also performed those
of ordnance officer, an assignment for which
he was eminently well fitted by previous study
and training. There was much work to be
done in the early days at the post, for its
i armament, after long yeai-s of neglect, was in
horrible condition. Both batteries turned to

156 The First Regiment
with a will, however, and in a creditably short
time the fort itself was cleaned and swept
until it would have satisfied the most exacting
inspector, while guns and carriages were freed
from rust, scraped, painted, and put into con
dition for immediate action. It is due to the
command to say that when it marched out, on
September 19th, it left behind it a post which,
in poiut of absolute neatness and readiness for
action, might well have served as a model for
any artillery garrison, regular or volunteer.
There was little to be recorded beyond the
ordinary garrison routine. One incident,
which occurred during the work of preparing
the fort for emergencies, is worth relating.
There were found one or two guns in which,
at some forgotten period, priming wires had
been broken off in the vents, eventually be
coming firmly fixed there by rust. With this
fact as a foundation, an enterprising New
Bedford reporter built up a lurid story of
spiked guns and Spanish spies, which went
the rounds of the newspapers, causing infinite
disgust to the garrison and endless amusement
to the rest of the regiment. The choked vents
were drilled out as soon as discovered, and the

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 157
guns at once made available ; but to this day
the mention of spiked guns will provoke an
explosion if made in the presence of any Fort
Eodman artilleryman.
On June 15th, Lieutenant Connor and his
detachment of regulars were relieved and or
dered back to Fort Adams, which meanwhile
had been reinforced by the Forty-seventh New
York Infantry, a fact mentioned to show the
straits in which the Government found itself
in obtaining garrisons for its artillery posts.
On the 9th of June, Lieutenants Wilson and
Cheney served as members of a general court
martial at Adams. Having been promoted
major and brigade-sm-geon. Lieutenant Bryant
left the post on July 8th, to report for duty "with
Lee's Seventh Corps, then at Jacksonville, and
from this date the affairs of the medical de
partment were placed in charge of a contract
surgeon from New Bedford. At one time
during the summer certain turbulent spirits
among the engineer employees at the post re
quired attention from the garrison, but firm
and prompt action by the artillerymen put an
instant end to the trouble, and effectually dis
couraged any further outbreaks of a like sort.

158 The First Regiment
By general order from army headquarters,
dated July 23rd, the post officially was named
" Fort Eodman," in honor of the memory of
Lieutenant-Colonel WilHam Logan Eodman,
Thirty-eighth Massachusetts Infantry, who fell
at the head of his regiment in the assault on
Port Hudson in 1863. Thus, after waiting
forty-one years for a name, the old fort at
last received that of a Massachusetts soldier,
while a garrison of Massachusetts volunteers
was on duty to assist at its christemng.

THE THIRD BATTALION AT FORT
WARREN

XHI.
nPHE last of the three regimental sub
divisions — the Third Battalion, under
Major Frye — meanwhile quietly had been
going on with its artUlery work at Fort
Warren. Other than the ordering of Major
Morris, Seventh Artillery, from Winthrop to
Fort Schuyler, N.Y., on May 27th, leaving
Captain Eichmond the ranking officer at the
mortar batteiy, there had been no changes
in the garrisons of the sub-posts about the
harbor. The departure of Colonel Pfaff and
Lieutenant-Colonel Woodman, "with their com
mands, had rendered necessary a reassign
ment of battery duties at Fort Warren, and
Colonel Woodruff issued orders accordingly
on June 13th. Of the regular batteries, " C "
(Schenck's), Second ArtUlery, took charge of
the 10-inch rifle and 4-inch rapid-fire guns —
at that time in process of being mounted —
in Bastion B, whUe "G" (Brown's), Seventh
Artillery, had its station at the 10-inch rifles
161

162 The First Regiment
of the ravefin battery. Surplus men from
these two batteries, as the daily recruiting
sweUed their ranks, were told off for manning
various groups of the older type guns in the
fort. Of the volunteer batteries, " M " (Bra-
ley's) was assigned to the field and machine
gun sections for the protection of the channel
mine-lines, Nantasket Eoads mine-field, and
the cable chute through which the entire
system was controlled; "I" (WilHamson's)
went to the 15-inch Eodman guns in Bastion
A; "F" (Danforth's) drew the battery of
10-inch Eodmans on the channel face of the
fort; while to "E" (Gibbs') feU the barbette
and casemate batteries of 8-inch rifles at the
southeastern angle. These assignments were
made for a very definite purpose, and they
remained in effect until after the destruction
of the Spanish fleet at Santiago, when, to
break the monotony of gun-drill on one type
of gun, the volunteer batteries interchanged
at their stations.
Since this battalion was a complete tactical
unit, under command of its own field officer,
it did not lose its identity on becoming a part
of the garrison at the fort. Both its officers

MAJOR JAMES A. FRYE, U.S.V.
Commanding Third Battalion.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 165
and men, sharing tours with the regulars, were
carried on the rosters of the post for guard
and fatigue duty; but for purposes of dis
cipline and administration the battalion organ
ization remained intact. The acting battalion
staff was composed of Lieutenant D. Fuller,
adjutant; Lieutenant Phillips, quartermaster;
Lieutenant Horton, signal officer; Lieutenant
Wing, commissary; and, until reheved on
June 23rd, Lieutenant Eolfe, assistant surgeon.
The officers of the volunteers also were called
upon for the performance of many duties
under post details: Major Frye, served as
president of the post council of administra
tion, as presiding officer at garrison courts
martial, and later as trial officer of the
summary court; Lieutenant D. Fuller was ap
pointed post treasurer and hbrarian; Lieuten
ant Totten was detailed as post adjutant and
recruiting officer, as well as mustering officer
for the regiment at large, the latter detail
requiring many visits to the scattered stations
of the command; for much of the time the
signal system of the works was under the
supervision of Lieutenant Horton, o"wing to
the absence on detached service of Lieutenant

166 The First Regiment
Catlin, the regular signal officer; Captains
Braley and WilHamson, with Lieutenants D.
Fuller, Phillips, Wing, Harrison, Nilsson, and
Totten also served as members of general
courts martial.
As at the other posts of the regiment, the
earlier days of the detached toui' at this station
found much work requiring immediate atten
tion: range charts for each gun -group were
plotted; guns, carriages, and equipments were
overhauled and made ready for action; am
munition was prepared and stored at hand in
the service magazines. Department orders
called for three hours' gun-drill daily, and in
addition to this — in order that the command
might be ready for any kind of service required
by later developments — an hour more was
devoted to battalion drill as infantry. Even
ing parade was held daily by the volunteers,
though the regular batteries at the post
omitted this ceremony. Aside from its record
of steady and faithful work there were but
few events during the summer which con
cerned this portion of the regiment. On
August 16th it was presented a battalion color
by its friends in Boston, which it carried so

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 167
long as on its detached ser"vdce. Beginning
on August 20th, there was test firing of all the
recently mounted guns — 12-inch mortars, 10-
inch rifles, and 4.7- and 4-inch rapid-fire guns
— under the supervision of Major Crozier,
A.I.G., who "visited all the posts in the harbor
on this duty. It may here be noted, as a
curious matter of record, that poverty in
ammunition had forbidden the expenditure of
even a single round from these modern guns
until after the suspension of hostilities. On
September 2nd, the men of the garrison lined
the parapets and cheered lustily when the
squadron of nine warships, led by the grim
Massachusetts, steamed into the harbor for
the naval parade. On the follo"wing day the
Third Battalion paraded in Boston as escort
to Captain Higginson, and the officers, sea
men, and marines of the vessels under his
command — the Massachusetts, MacJiias, De
troit, Castine, Wilmington, Helena, Marietta,
Topeka, and Bancroft. Orders for change of
station now arrived. On the 17th of Septem
ber the battahon tendered a final re-view to
Colonel Woodruff, and on the 19th marched
out from the fort, taking transport on the City

168 The First Regiment
of Fhiladelphia for Boston, and thence pro
ceeding by rail to rejoin the regiment in camp
at Framingham. Officers and men alike left
the post with feelings of sincere regret, since
then- relations with the regulars of tiie garrison
had been most pleasant. On relieving the
battalion from duty under his orders. Colonel
Woodruff took occasion officially to compli
ment it on its uniform state of efficiency and
discipline.

FINAL DAYS IN THE SERVICE

XIV.
QO through the long and weary summer
months the scattered batteries of the reg
iment served faithfuUy at their posts along
the coast, patiently enduring the duU mo
notony of garrison life, and hoping against
hope that the fortunes of war yet might bring
them their own chance for training their guns
upon an enemy. For a time rumor stUl
busied itself with the movements of the Span
ish fleet, while spook cruisers still held the
seas — as the men on Shafter's crowded troop
ships could have testified to their sorrow —
but, as the final event proved, Spain either
was too bhnd or too feeble to improve her one
possible opportunity of infficting injm-y on
her adversary by striking a sharp and sud
den blow at some point on our long and
weakly defended coast Hne. The national
salute fired on the Fourth of July at all the
posts along-shore answered a double purpose,
since, while complying with army regulations
171

172 The First Regiment
for the observance of the hoHday, it also
served to celebrate the victorious fighting on
land and sea at Santiago. But the men of
the coast artillery, regulars and volunteers
alike, Hstened with heavy hearts to the boom
ing of their unshotted guns; rejoicing "with
their brethren of the Navy over the signal
victory that had been won, they yet felt that
the destruction of Cervera's squadron had
deprived them of the one chance to which
they had trusted for obtaining distinction.
Like aU thinking men, they had to face the
fact that the events at Santiago marked the
beginning of the end.
On July 11th, Governor Wolcott informed
the authorities at Washington that the people
of Massachusetts no longer were in uneasiness
regarding the safety of the cities and towns
on the coast, and requested that the First
might be relieved from its present stations and
assigned to more active duty. Colonel Pfaff
also urged that his command be retained in
service for any work that yet might remain
to be done, while General Lee, who had heard
of the efficient condition of the regiment
through Lieutenant-Colonel Curtis GuUd of

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 173
his staff, made strong efforts to secure its
transfer to his Seventh Corps, then completing
its organization for the occupation of Havana.
But the time had not yet arrived when con
ditions would permit any further depletion of
our already weak artillery garrisons. It is
true that Spain, after the utter annihilation of
her sea power, had been humbled into asking
terms on July 26th, and that, with the sign
ing of the peace protocol on August 12th,
hostUities had been suspended; but there yet
remained possible complications with Ger
many over the long and ugly succession of
unfriendly acts of which the vessels of her
fleet in Philippine waters had been guilty.
Within a very recent period Berlin has seen
fit officially to disavow any intention of inter
fering at that time with our naval represent
atives at Manila, but in spite of this disavowal
it still remains a fact that such interference
occurred, and it was not untU early in the fall
that our mihtary and naval authorities could
feel assured that the immediate future might
not find this country called upon to face a
fresh and really powerful adversary. Under
these circumstances, all our available artiUery

174 The First Regiment
troops, both regulars and volunteers, "wisely
were held at their stations until, on the final
passing of the German war-cloud, there
remained no further hope for active service
against Spain.
On September 4th, telegraphic orders from
the War Department were received at all the
posts garrisoned by fractions of the regiment,
directing preparations to be made for the as
sembly of the command for furlough and ulti
mate muster-out; and on the 17th, Colonel
Pfaff issued his orders for the concentration of
his widely scattered batteries at Framingham.
On the 19th, the regiment was again re
united at the State camp ground, the batteries
from the posts on the North Shore, under
command of Colonel Pfaff, being first to arrive,
followed at short intervals by the battalion
from Fort Warren, under Major Frye, and the
garrison from Fort Eodman, under Lieutenant-
Colonel Woodman. It was found that camp
already had been pitched by Captain Landy
and his men, under direction of Colonel Con
verse, and all that remained to be done by the
command was to settle in quarters and start in
operation the battery messes.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 175
After over three months of detached service
at isolated points along the coast the twelve
batteries again were welded together in the
regimental organization. For the time being,
all artUlery drill and formations were dropped,
and the command easily and quickly settled
into the routine of an infantry encampment.
Eegimental and battalion drills daUy were held
on the broad field which, prior to 1896, had
been familiar territory to the command, and in
a surprisingly short time the regiment again
developed the snap and precision in infantry
work for which it had been distinguished before
its transfer to the artillery arm of the ser"vice.
Here, through the thoughtfulness and gener
osity of the State authorities, the regiment was
rejoined by its band. None save those who
have learned by actual experience in service
how much may be done by music towards
aUe"nating the wearing monotony of camp and
garrison life can appreciate the welcome given
by the men of the regiment to Bandmaster
ColHns and his musicians, on their return after
their long absence.
Meanwhile preparations for leaving the ser-
"vdce were pushed forward. The work was

176 The First Regiment
done under supervision of Lieutenant-Colonel
Weaver, U.S.Y. (captain First United States
ArtUlery), detailed as mustering officer for
Massachusetts, to whom had been assigned as
assistants Lieutenants C. C Hearn, Third
United States Artillery, and O. Edwards,
Eleventh United States Infantry. Slowly but
steadily the absurdly cumbersome and com
plex tangle of " paper-work " was unravelled,
final muster and pay rolls were completed, and
the thousand-and-one accounts with ordnance,
quartermaster, medical, commissary, and signal
departments were closed. On October 5th this
work substantially was finished, and shortly
after noon on that day, in a drizzling rain, the
batteries for the last time formed Hne as a
regiment of United States Yolunteers. March
ing across the soaked parade, the regiment
stood at attention while the garrison flag
slowly was lowered, in token of the abandon
ment of the post, and then swung out through
the main gate of the reservation for the muddy
march to the waiting troop-train.
Eeaching Boston at two o'clock, the com
mand formed in column for its final parade.
By this time the drizzle of the forenoon had

LIEUT.-COL. ERASMUS M. WEAVER, U.S.V.
(Captain Ist U.S. Artillery.)
Mustering-out Officer for Reginnent.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 179

become a drenching downpour, but the men
now were thoroughly wet through, and no
attention was paid to the muddy streets. The
regiment had gone out under Hke conditions,
and was disposed to accept them as part of
the estabhshed order of things. Without
waiting for the rear-most batteries to emerge
from the station, the command for marching
was given, the band struck up the stirring
strains of the " Stars and Stripes," and the
regiment started over its route to the State
House. Here Governor Wolcott, with the
officers of his staff, reviewed the returning
artillerymen. On reaching the foot of Beacon
HUl, the Third BattaHon halted, while the
leading battahons marched on and formed line
on Charles Street. Then the Bristol-Plymouth
batteries, with arms at port, tramped past their
Boston comrades, forming line on their right
and presenting arms as they, in their turn,
marched by — and with this brief ceremony
the twelve batteries, as volunteers of 1898,
separated forever. Colonel Pfaff, with his
staff, the band, and "A," "C," "D," " G,"
" K," and " L " Batteries, proceeded to the
South Armory, where, after cheering their

180 The First Regiment
commanding officer, the men broke ranks
and scattered to their homes. Major Frye,
with the Third BattaHon, marched to the
Park Square station, where "I" Battery was
detached to entrain at Kneeland Street, and
"E," "F," and "M" Batteries took their
special train for their home stations. "B"
and "H" Batteries proceeded by the most
direct routes to their armories at Cambridge
and Chelsea. The thirty days' furlough had
begun, and all active service for the regiment
now was at an end.
On November 4th, the officers and men of
the twelve batteries reported back from leave
and furlough at the armories at their home
stations, and the final formahty of physical
examination for discharge was begun. In the
First and Second Battalions this work was
carried on under direction of Captain New-
garden, assistant surgeon. United States Army,
assisted by Lieutenants Gates and Hitchcock,
of the medical department. Second Massachu
setts Infantry, whUe in the Third Battalion the
examining surgeons were Major Magurn and
Lieutenant Shea, Ninth Massachusetts In
fantry. Owing to the small enlisted strength

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 181
of the command, as well as to its magnificent
physical condition, the examinations were con
cluded in a comparatively short time, and the
regiment was given a clean bill of health by
the board of surgeons through whose hands
it had just passed.
The last detail now had been attended to,
and on November 14th the First was ready
for the final step towards leaving the volunteer
service. Early in the forenoon of that day
Majors Dyar and Quinby assembled then- bat
teries at the South Armory, where, "with the
field, staff, and non-commissioned staff, they
formally were mustered out of the service
of the United States by Lieutenant-Colonel
Weaver. At the same time Major Frye had
accompanied Lieutenant J. P. Hains, Third
United States Artillery, to the stations of the
" Cape" batteries on a like mission. Lieuten
ant Hains enjoyed the distinction of having re
ceived almost the last wound in the Porto Eican
campaign, ha"ving intercepted a Mauser bullet
in the action at Aibonito, almost at the time
when the peace protocol was being signed. He
had become very popular among the officers of
the First, and his selection as mustering out

182 The First Regiment
officer was much to the satisfaction of the
Third BattaHon.
Of the seven hundred and fifty-seven officers
and men whose names had been borne on the
rolls of the regiment during its term of service,
there were mustered out at this time seven
hundred and eleven. The regiment had lost
two commissioned officers — Major Bryant by
promotion, and Lieutenant Eolfe by resigna
tion — and forty-three enlisted men, of whom
Private Henry A. WUHams, " F " Battery, had
died while on furlough, one had received pro
motion, six had been discharged for physical
disability contracted in the line of duty, and
the remainder had been transferred to the
regular service, the greater number of these
enhsting in the Second United States Artillery.
Major Dearing was not mustered out "with the
other officers of the staff, remaining in the
service until Jan. 28th, 1899, for duty as ex
amining surgeon with other returning Mas
sachusetts regiments.
At this time what had threatened to be a
serious complication was averted through the
thoughtfulness of the regimental commander.
Though the final muster and pay rolls of the

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 183
command had been prepared in ample time,
the pay department, through inadequate cleri
cal equipment at this station, found itself
unable to make the final settlements with the
men at the time of their muster-out. In ad
dition to money for clothing allowances and
commutation of furlough rations, there was
due to the batteries over six weeks' pay, a
very considerable sum in the aggregate. As
in all other volunteer regiments, not a few of
the men had returned from service only to
find their patriotism rewarded by the loss of
their situations in ci"nl life, and cases were
not infrequent in which delay in final payment
meant serious hardship. Fully understand
ing these conditions. Colonel Pfaff relieved
the stress of the situation by unhesitatingly
drawing his personal check for $10,000, thus
making it possible on the day of mustering
out to advance to each enHsted man $15 with
which to tide over the interval before the final
appearance of the paymaster. This thoughtful
act met with the appreciation which it merited,
and it hardly need be added that the trust
sho-wn in the integrity of the men proved not
to have been misplaced. On November 18th

184 The First Regiment
the batteries of the Third BattaHon were paid
off, and on the follo"wing day the remainder
of the regiment received its money — the last
dollar advanced by Colonel Pfaff being repaid
at the time the Government fulfilled its obH-
gations. This, from every point of view, was
a pleasant incident and one that reflected equal
credit on the commanding officer and his men.

AN HONORABLE REGIMENTAL
RECORD

XY.
A FTER bringing to its conclusion another
eventful chapter in its already long and
honorable history, the First Massachusetts
Heavy Artillery again has left the service of
the United States to reenter that of the Com
monwealth. In addition to the jealously cher
ished "White Diamond" badge, eloquent of
its campaigning from 1861 to 1864 with the
old Second Division, Third Corps, Army of the
Potomac, it now has won the right to bear the
device emblematic of service in the Artillery
Corps of the War of 1898 — the crossed conical
projectiles, surmounted by the spherical shot.
The record of the regiment in this, its latest
war, is in every way worthy of its proud tradi
tions. During its term of service there were
no desertions from its ranks, no dishonorable
discharges blemish its rolls, and the records
show that its men, in conduct and discipline,
steadily maintained the high standard for which
the command long has been noted. The work
187

188 The First Regiment

allotted to the regiment was intelligently and
well performed, and it is a most significant fact
that of the seven hundred and eleven discharge
papers issued to its officers and men on
Nov. 14th, 1898, there was not one which
faUed to bear the endorsement coveted by
every true soldier : " Service honorable and
faithful." It is much to be regretted that certain en
Hsted men of the regiment, and even a few
among its officers, since their return from the
service, have felt constrained to apologize for
the nature of the duty which it fell to their lot to
perform. It equally is a matter for regret that
some of their ci"sdlian friends, unquestionably
through honest ignorance, have made the ab
surd mistake of commiserating the command on
its failure to reach what they are pleased to term
"the front." While it seems almost a waste of
energy, it yet may be worth while to note here
a few facts concerning the functions of the
coast artillery in the late war, as well as to em
phasize the point that any probable foreign
war of the future will demand precisely the
same sort of service from troops of this arm.
In the first place — and so long as the term

Photograph hj T. E. Murr. l!o:

THE LAST EVENING PARADE.
Framingham, 3 October, 1898.

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 191
"front," in its accepted military sense, shall
continue to mean the point of expected or
probable contact with an enemy's forces — it
requires no argument to prove that the First
Hea-yrjr Artillery was at its post, at the front,
on the 26th day of April, 1898, This, to be
exact, was fifty-seven days before the Second
Infantry disembarked at Baiquiri, sixty-six
days before the Ninth Infantry landed at
Siboney, and ninety days before the Sixth
Infantry left its transport at Guanica, at
which points respectively these three Mas
sachusetts commands for the first time found
it possible to gain tactical touch with the
Spaniards. In other words, in a war with a
maritime power, every strategic point on navi
gable waters accessible to an enemy's ships of
war is of necessity at " the front," so long as
the hostile fleet remains undestroyed, and the
First therefore justly may claim actual service
at the front from the day follo"wing that on
which Congress declared war to exist, until
the 3rd of July, when the annihilation of
Cervera's squadron finally and 'definitely re
heved the coast from the threat of Spanish
attack. While the five Massachusetts regi-

192 The First Regiment
ments of infantry were passing their earlier
weeks of ser"vdce at inland camps of instruc
tion, absolutely beyond the reach of any pos
sible fighting, the First Artillery — from the
very day on which it left its home stations —
was continuously on duty at vital points open
to attack at any hour of day or night. This
claim, it should be well understood, is made
only in simple justice to tbe regiment and in
the interests of historical accuracy, for not an
officer or a man in the First would detract
from the hard-won honors of the Second, the
Sixth, or the Ninth — honors in which, as
Massachusetts soldiers, they ever will feel an
honest pride.
The earlier portion of this narrative may
have served to show roughly the condition of
our harbor defenses at the outbreak of the
last war, as well as the imperative need of
hea-vy artillery troops with which to garrison
them. The time has not yet arrived when the
whole truth may be told safely, or even with
propriety, but since the actual artillery strength
on duty during the war is a matter of easily
accessible record, it may here receive mo
mentary attention. Briefly summarized, there

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 193
were in service for the protection of our four
thousand miles of sea-coast but ninety-three
heavy batteries, of which seventy were in the
regular estabhshment and twenty-three were
in the volunteers. Over one-half of the latter
were contributed by Massachusetts alone, in
her First Heavy Artillery, and it seems fitting
again to refer to the fact that her twelve
trained and disciplined batteries were the
only ones obtainable from the militia of the
entire country at the outbreak of hostilities.
Of the remaining volunteer hea"vy batteries,
four each were hastily recruited in California
and Maine, two in Connecticut, and one in
South CaroHna. The event proved that but
six of the entire ninety-three batteries were
destined to take part in any actual fighting.
These were four from the Third United States
Artillery and two from the California volun
teers, which — when the destruction of Mon-
tojo's fleet had allayed aU fears for the safety
of the Pacific coast — were relieved from duty
in the fortifications and ordered to report to
General Merritt, under whom they saw service
as infantry in the land operations around
Manila.

194 The First Regiment
After what already has been said, it would
seem that no elaborate explanation should be
required to show why the heavy artillery arm
failed to obtain more brilHant service in the
last war. It must be borne in mind that its
first and most important function is the defence
of coast fortifications; its second, operations
with the siege train in the reduction of fortified
places; its third — and this only in rarely
occurring emergencies — ser"vice as infantry.
In the late war with Spain, as in any future
European war, it was a matter of vital necessity
to man our coast defenses, and to keep them
manned until the threatening fleet had been
swept from the seas ; that once accompHshed,
and the artillerymen might reasonably have
hoped for further ser"vice in the expected final
operations at Havana. But with the naval
¦vdctory off Santiago came the collapse of the
war — and the ending of hope for the artillery.
By the legislation which transferred the
First from the infantry to the artillery arm, the
regiment was deprived of its opportunity of
foreign service. Entrusted -with the defence
of the coast, it quietly accepted the respon-
sibihties devolving upon it, and met them in a

Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. 195
way that entitles it to the gratitude of the
Commonwealth. First in the field, it had the
mortification of finding itself soonest forgotten,
for no correspondents followed it in its faithful
ser-vice, and no newspaper filled its columns
with the daily gossip of its camps. Accepting
the situation, it faithfully went on with its
duties until the end came, and then returned
quietly to its place in the militia, content to
apply to its own case the words of its com
mander-in-chief. President McKinley, " The
highest tribute that can be paid to the soldier
is to say that he performed his full duty. The
field of duty is determined by his Government,
and wherever that chances to be, there is the
place of honor. All have helped in the great
cause, whether in camp or in battle, and when
peace comes, all alike will be entitled to the
Nation's gi-atitude."

THE END.

ROSTER OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Eegimental Booster,
FIELD OFFICERS.

Naus and Bake.

Residence.

Age.

Earliest Com-
mission In Mass.
MlUtia.

Commissioned In
U.S. Vols.

Remarks.

COLONBL.
Charles Pfaff 

Boston 
Fall Elver ...
Boston 
Boston 
Boston 

38 42 4139 35

12 Feb., 1890
29 Aug., 1882
23 May, 1887
20 July, 1887
lApr., 1891

9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.

LIEUTENAKT-COLONBL.
Charles B. Woodman ....
MAJORS.

(( It it
<i (1 (1

George F. Quinby 
fTa.iiies A. Frve 

a 11 ((
(( (( ((

STAFF OFFICERS.

8BEGEON (ma job).
Howard S. Dearing . . ,

ADJUTANT (1st LT.).
Horace B. Parker 

Boston.

Newton ,

40

48

1 Apr., 1887
26 May, 1886

9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898

Hon. must, out, 28 Jan., 1899.
» 14 Nov., 1898.

CO

s «>

8

QUARTERMASTER (ISTLT.).

John S. Keenan 
37
6 Apr., 1891
9 May, 1898
RANGE OEPIOEE (IST LT.).
John B. Paine 
Newton 
28
20 .Tnnp 18^4-
9 May, 1898
tc 11 It
ASST. SURGEON (IST LT.).
"William A. Eolfe 
Boston 
29
21 Feb., 1894
9 May, 1898
Res. and hon. dis., 13 Jul., 1898.
SIGNAL OFriCER (IST LT.) .
George S. Stockwell 
Boston 
39
23 Apr., 1898
9 May, 1898
Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.
ASST. SURGEON (IST LT.).
William S. Bryant 
Cohasset 
37
1
11 May, 1898
Pro. maj. and surg., U.S.V.,
7th Corps, 8 July, 1898.
Hon. must, out, 12 May, 1899.
LINE OFFICERS.
CAPTAINS.
Sierra L. Braley 
Joseph H. Frothingham
Charles Williamson ....
Norris 0. Danforth ....
Alberts. Chick 
Fall River . . .
54
Eoxbury 
48
Brockton 
45
Eaynham ....
35
Boston 
46
16 Dec, 1866
5 July, 1882
15 Aug., 1887
11 Jan., 1886
8 May, 1890
'9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.
a-S
(X)«3
1 From civil life, to fill original vacancy.
> 2nd Lieut., U.S. Vols., 3 June, 1866.
Nahb AND Rank.

Residence.

Age.

Chelsea 

42

Arlington ....

37

Maiden 

34

Chelsea 

31

Boston 

26

Cambridge . . .

30

New Bedford.

31

Boston 

38

Brighton 

38

Fall Eiver . . .

50

Readville 

30

Chelsea 

31

Chelsea 

31

Brighton 

31

Brockton ....

21

Barllest Com
mission in Mass.
Militia.

Commissioned in
U.S. Vols.

Remarks.

OO

Frederick M. Whiting. . . .
Walter E. Lombard 
Charles P. Nutter 
Walter L. Pratt 
John Bordman, Jr 
Frederic S. Howes 
Joseph L. Gibbs 
FIRST LIEUTENANTS.
Charles F. Nostrom 
John F. Day 
David Fuller 
Ferdinand H. Phillips . . . .
William L. Swan 
William Eenfrew 
Frank S. Wilson 
E. Dwisht FuUerton 

19 Nov., 1888
16 Aug., 1886
11 May, 1891
16 June, 1892
17 Jan., 1894
14 May, 1891
23 Dec, 1895
18 Mar., 1891
21 Sep., 1891
10 Dec, 1889
20 Feb., 1893
9 Mar., 1894
14 May, 1894
8 Jan., 1896
27 Jan., 1896

9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898
9 May, 1898

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

S
«»

^3

Philo F. Packard 

Salem 
Boston 

32 32

23 May, 1893
17 Jan., 1898

Norman P. Cormack 

Harold C. Wing 

New Bedford.

29

24 Jan., 1898

George E. Horton 

Brockton ....

33

20 June, 1892

SECOND LIEUTENANTS.

Marshall Underwood 

Melrose 

39

21 Sep., 1891

Chelsea 
28
1 May, 1895
Tiprtip Tj Grant 
Chelsea 
Everett 
30
42
16 Dec, 1896
17 Feb., 1897
James H. Gowing 
Albert A. Gleason 
Boston 
34
29 Nov., 1897
Frederick W. Harrison. . .
Fall Eiver . . .
31
21 Dec, 1897
Wellington H. Nilsson 
Brockton ....
23
14 Feb., 1898
William J. McCullough. . .
Boston 
29
14 Mar., 1898
SumTier Paine 
Weston 
Cambridge . . .
29 22
15 Feb., 1893
23 Apr., 1898
Joseph S. Francis 
Taunton 
New Bedford.
2533
3
Charles H. Fuller 
4
> From 1st Sergeant, " F " Battery.
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
9 May,
1898
From 1st
aergean
t, " E " Battery.
s
Oi
o
202

First Massachusetts Artillery.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Name and Bank.

Age.

Remarks.

SERGEANT-MAJOR.
Huddleson, William D. .

QUARTERMASTER-SERGEANT.
Chapman, Edward E 

HOSPITAL STEWARDS.
Sawyer, George Y  ,
White, Thomas 
Phillips, Ira B 

PRINCIPAL MUSICIANS.
Clark, James F 

Bennett, Frederick A. H.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898,

Transf. Hosp. Cps, U.S.A.,
8 Sept., 1898.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.

MUSTER-ROLL OF "A" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, BOSTON.)

CAPTAIN JOHN BOEDMAN, Jr.
FIRST LIEUTENANT E. DWIGHT FULLBETON.
SECOND LIEUTENANT SUMNEE PAINE.

204

Muster-Roll of '"A" Battery.

BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

FIRST SERGEANT.
Claupein, William 

SERGEANTS.
Dunbar, George M. . .

Eussell, George H.
Murphy, Frank . . .
Field, George P. . .

CORPORALS.
Smyth, James H 

Powers, Edward D. .
Andrews, George W.
Howard, Arthur H. . .
Osthues, Benjamin B.
Biittin, Louis H 

PRIVATES.
Blair, Arnold 

Block, Bernhard . . .
Blodgett, Walter P.
Bohm, Frederick A.
Buxbaum, Harry H.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

First Massachusetts Artillery.

20{

Nahe AND Rank.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Cobb, Frank E 

Cobb, Marston I  ,
Cook, Thomas A 
Cook, William E 
Cutter, Charles W 
Dickerman, Olin D 
Douglass, Eugene H 
Duggan, William J 
Faber, George 
Goodwin, Frank I 
Heilig, Frederick 
Holt, Edwin B 
Hurley, James F 
Jennings, William 
Kane, Harry J 
Keene, Charles H 
Kiley, Charles J 
Long, Michael J 
Loring, Alfred O. L 
Loring, John E 
McGrath, John F 
Eiddell, William A  ,

Age.

28
21 19
21
23
2218
23
27
20
22
24
22 19
2123
202127
2225
23

Remarks.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

206 Muster-Roll of "A" Battery.

Name and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued.

SandprM Charles E 

9,-\

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.

24

11 II <

Stephenson, Charles E 

21

tl K 1

Stoddard, Francis E., Jr 
20
II II 1
20
C( l< 1
23
11 1( 1
24
11 11 1
^1
[1 11 1
Whitp .Tohn W 
9,1
11 11 1
21
11 11 1
21
11 11 1
WisVimnn Herbert Gr 
20
It 11 1
Wnlpott TJiOerpi* .Tr 
20
II 11 1
PROMOTED.
Bumpus, Edward A., private . .
23
2d Lieut., 21st U. S. Inf.,
7 Aug., 1898.
DISCHARGED.
Kelley, Willard S., mess corp.
23
Hon. dis., 28 Oct., 1898.
Lewis, Irven J., musician 
21
12 Oct., 1898.
Gilbert, Edward J., private 
20
31 Oct., 1898.
2 Nov., 1898.
Knox, James L., private 
22
Ladd, James A., private 
22
22 Oct., 1898.
Quinn, James F., private 
23
22 Oct., 1898
•
MUSTER-ROLL OF "B" BATTERY
(HOMB-STATION, CAMBRIDGE.)

CAPTAIN WALTEE E. LOMBAED.
FIEST LIEUTENANT JOHN E. DAY.
I SECOND LIEUTENANT MARSHALL UNDEEWOOD.

208

Muster-Roll of " B " Battery.

B" BATTERY.

Naub and Rank.

Ago.

Remarks.

PIBST SERGEANT.
Prior, Percy II 

SERGEANTS.
Beaumont, Hartford . .
Pancoast, Fred L 
Litchfield, Allen J....
Brown, Lewis F 
CORPORALS.
Jacobs, Edwin C 
Montgomery, William
Anderton, Thomas ....
Cole, George W 
Lombard, Herbert E. .
Pritzkow, Emil A 

MESS CORPORAL.
Ealph, William T 

MUSICIAN.
Coles, Herbert B. . . .

PRIVATES.
Backus, Simeon S. . .

Blenerhassett, Roland T.

2621
3837
24
2383
28
i->
24
26
20
3121

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

First Massachusetts Artillery.

209

Nahb and Rank.

I Age.!

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Brown, Joseph C 
Burditt, Algernon L 
Collins, James C 
Cooley, George P 
Corbett, John 
Craigie, James A 
Davies, George H 
Dearborn, Josiah 
Dmmmond, Thomas J 
Eldridge, Joseph H 
Fairelough, William A 
Gilkey, Frank J 
Goddard, WiUiam H 
Gove, Elliott A 
Higgins, Walter E 
Higgins, Walter G 
Jackson, George M 
Johansen, Howard E 
Kensel, Frederic  ¦
Lincoln, Charles G 
Littig, Henry G  ¦
Lutz, Oren C 

19
2627
32 28
23282920 21
2725 2122 19
22252120 3420 18

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov,

1898.

210 Muster-Roll of " B " Battery.

Naseb and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued.

McDonald. John F 

22 24

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov.. 1898.

McGilvrav. John H 

11 1

Morse, Melvin G 
25
li i
Nav. Frank W 
22
11 1
Phaneuf , Edward J 
24
11 1
2fi
IC 1
Eohrbacher, Fritz A 
20
11 1
Euddock, Frederick T 
21
U 1
19
Il 1
24
11 1
Thresher, Edwin A 
2031 19
11 t
(C 1
11 I
Thurston, Charles E 
Tukey, Charles W., 3d 
White, Frank Le E 
19
24 19
(1 1
11 1
11 1
White, John A 
Waddell, Le Eoy 
DISCHARGED.
Woodside, Alonzo F., 1st Sgt..
28
Hon. dis., 22 Oct., 1898.
Cook, Walter F., private 
20
19 Oct., 1898.
Darling, Silas, private 
32
81 Oct., 1898.
Newton, Andrew E., private. . .
25
22 Oct., 1898.
Eobertson, William N., private.
23
19 C
>ct., 189
3.
MUSTER-ROLL OF "C" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, BOSTON.)

CAPTAIN CHAELES P. NUTTER.
FIEST LIEUTENANT CHAELES F. NOSTROM
SECOND LIEUTENANT JOSEPH S. FEANCIS.

212 Muster-Roll of " C" Battery.

BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

Remarks.

PIBST SERGEANT.
Smith, Herbert L 
SERGEANTS.
Ives, Henry 
Wilkinson, George M. . .
Wheeler, H. Edson 
Oakes, Walter E 
CORPORALS.
Eastman, Ealph B 
Leach, C. Warren 
Hetherington, George W
Dawson, Charles A 
Stevens, Percy 
Seavey, Fred H 
MESS CORPORAL.
Oliver, John B 
MUSICIAN.
Hooper, William H., Jr.
PRIVATES.
Abbot, Charles E 
Ballentine, Harold A. . . .

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

First Massachusetts Artillery.

213

Namb and Rank.

Age.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Bazin, Harry H 
Blackman, Harold K 
Bodemer, Earnest F 
Booth, Frederick L 
Bourne, Osgood I 
Burns, Malachi G 
Cain, Gordon A 
Capen, Charles E 
Cobb, George H 
Conn, Wallace T 
Cowling, Edward J 
Danahy, John H 
Darling, Nerval F 
Doane, Eugene C 
Donlon, Dennis F 
Fallon, Winthrop 
Fitch, Charles L 
Fossett, Charles E 
Gibbs, F. Alton 
Hanley, William H 
Hudson, Edward 
Kelley, George T 

222425 2823 19
2027232021 40212323 18
21 21 27252621

Remarks.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

214 Muster-Roll

"/

"C" Battery.

Name and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued.

29

Hon. must, out, 14- Nov.. 1R98.

20
(; c
Knox, Herbert  
21
(t (
Land, Lawrence P 
34
(( (
22
IC (
Leman, James 0 
25
(( <
Lewis, Charles F 
32
it I
Martikke, Ernest 
19
li i
Otis, James D 
20
II
Sewell, John F 
21
;c i
Shattuck Charles E 
20
(.( (
Smith, Herbert H 
21
(fc i
Wheeler, Charles E 
41
il i
Williams, Frank J 
36
li c
Wilson, Frank E 
19
S2
u (
ii i
Wris-ht. Henrv H 
Yuill, Hugh S 
24
;c I
DISCHARGED.
Hudson, Henry W., private. . . .
27
Hon. dis., 11 Oct., 1898.
Eink, Frederick W., private. . .
26
" 8 Oct., 1898.
Thompson, Elwyn W., private.
22
8 Oct., 1898.
Wisnesky, Gustave M., private.
23
8C
)ct., 1898.
MUSTER-ROLL OF "D" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, BOSTON.)

CAPTAIN JOSEPH H. FROTHINGHAM.
FIRST LIEUTENANT NOEMAN P. COEMACK.
I SECOND LIEUTENANT WILLIAM J. McCULLOUGH

216 Muster-Roll of " D " Battery.

'D" BATTERY.

Najee and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

FIRST SERGEANT.
Fogg, David H 

SERGEANTS.
Dobbins, Halburton . .

Blaikie, Duncan S.
Galway, John 
Hanson, Albert A. .

CORPORALS.
Martens, Frederick H. . .

Hill, Charles F 
Peyton, William H...
Brown, Frank H 
Gile, Alfred D 
Sargeant, William G.

MESS CORPORAL.
Young, Calvin E 

MUSICIAN.
Wyatt, Claude E 

PRIVATES.
Adams, Samuel L 

Ashley, Eugene W.

3424 19
2125
20233021 19
19
3821
22 19

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

P'irst Massachusetts Artillery.

217

Name and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued.

Brazier, Ernest E 

20

Hon. must. out. 14 Nov. .1898.

Brown Reniamin H 

18

Childs, Frank H 
20
Dhofltp LiOuis D 
27
murk (reorcre F 
26
Dlarv Dwiffht H 
22
ninrv G-porcre Ii 
21
Hnrflpr T^^rpderick H 
21
¦Dfllton Arthur T 
¦Rllifl Vancrhn M 
19
T?niilknpr TCdward P 
^0
Finnerty, Daniel G., Jr 
22
21
22
25
24
Hatt, Frederick V. McF 
29
21
TTATulonrl Alhprt S 
20
21
20
21
218 Muster-Roll of " B "

Battery

Namb and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued,

Laws William B 

22 Hon.
19

must, out, 14 Nov.. 1898.

Lewis, Charles F 

Mateer, William 
28
Metcalf , Frank L 
19
Neale, Eobert A 
25
Otis. Geortze E 
24 '
Ridcrewav. Josenli T 
21
Tlobertson. Georc© 
20 '
Saunders, Edward B 
20
Stiencelev. Frederick .........
26
Stacy, Clifford E 
20 '
Rtpwart Georcre F 
20 '
Stoekemer, Charles H 
44
Timson, John B 
19
Tinker, Clifford A 
2024 '
Wells, Eov T 
Wood, Herbert B 
26 '
Woodbury, Clarence P 
19
DISCHARGED.
Levy, Henry 8., private 
22 Hon.
dis., 20 Oct., 1898.
Marsh, Henry M., private 
27
20 Oct., 1898.
Scherer, August L., private. . . .
24
' 26 July, 1898.
Swansburg, Jasper, private. . . .
28
13 C
)ct., 1898.
MUSTER-ROLL OF "E" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, NEW BEDFORD.)

CAPTAIN JOSEPH L. GIBBS.
FIEST LIEUTENANT HAROLD C. WING.
SECOND LIEUTENANT CHAELES H. FULLEE

220

Muster-Roll of " E" Battery.

¦E" BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

Age

Remarks.

FIRST SERGEANT.
Anthony, Charles E 

30
32
35
2522
2224
2827
2731
33
29 36
25
29

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.

SERGEANTS.
Peck, Herbert N 

11 11 11

Soule, Ernest L 

11 11 11

Spooner, John C 

11 (1 11

Merchant, Ambrose F 

11 (f 11

CORPORALS.
De Wolf, John C 

11 11 11

Burt, Edwin H 

II 11 II

Gelette, Charles E 

(1 11 K

Wood, William G 

11 11 11

11 11 11

11 11 11

MESS CORPORAL.

11 11 a

MUSICIAN.
Price, David J 

11 11 11

PRIVATES.

11 11 11

Almond, William, Jr 

11 II 11

Ames, Howard M 

II 11 11

First Massachusetts Artillery.

22]

Name and Rank.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Aurelio, Frank L 

Baker, Edward A 
Barneby, Eugene 
Brown, James A 
Brownell, Herbert N. . . .
Brownell, Oliver M 
Christopher, Charles W.
Conroy, Michael 
Devlin, Bernard 
Ellis, Harry C 
Fay, Miles H 
Fury, Bartholomew P. .
Garvin, Patrick F 
Gelette, Walter C 
Gibbs, MelatiahT 
Green, William H 
Hersey, Clinton T 
Hill, Albert E 
Hunt, Eaymond 
Jenney, Nathan G 
Kennedy, John P 
Lagasse, Arthur J 
McCann, James L 

Age,

262332
2225 23 27 23 25352427
2120 24
24 22 21302433

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

Remarks.

222 Muster-Roll of "

E"

Battery.

Name anb Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

PRITATE8. — Continued.

Merchant, Walter H., Jr 

20

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov.,

1898.

27
Miirnhv William H 
30
"WpIsoti W^illiam 
27
T?mirkp "Rdward .T 
27
Sbiels, James J 
23
28
Smith William .Tr 
34
Soule, Charles E 
32
30
Sullivan, James H 
33
28
ThomDSon. Michael H 
25
TriDT) !Norris H 
26
Turner, Samuel, Jr 
22
Wade, Waldo A 
28
Walsh, John E 
23
Weloh Eobert E. 
21
Winn, John F 
23
TRANSFERRED.
Gifford, Edward A., private. . . .
DISCHARGED.
23
To U.S. Hospital Corp
July, 1898.
s, 20
22
Hon. dis., 23 July, 1896
.
MUSTER-ROLL OF "F" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, TAUNTON.)

CAPTAIN NOEEIS O. DANFOETH.
FIEST LIEUTENANT FERDINAND H. PHILLIPS.
SECOND LIEUTENANT JAMES E. TOTTEN.

224 Muster-Roll of " F " Battery.

"F" BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

FIRST SERGEANT.
Totten, Samuel P 
SERGEANTS.
Grigor, George 
Crowell, Alonzo K  ,
Potter, William N 
Seekell, George T  ,
CORPORALS.
BuUard, Frank A. D. . . ,
Hathaway, Homer C. . . .
King, Charles O  ,
Dean, Frank O  ,
Brown, James W  ,
Miller, Ernest F 
MESS CORPORAL.
Dansrow, Frank H 
M0SICIAN.
Shaw, Eben H 
PRrVATBS.
Albro, Andrew B 
Bagge, John J 
Barnes, Benjamin S 

Age.

24
2624
2932 2923
28353528
43 25
25 19
20

Remarks.

Hon

must. out.

14 Nov.,

1898.

First Massachusetts Artillery.

225

Name and Rank.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Beaulieu, Sinare 

Brissette, Peter 
Broadhurst, James, Jr.
Bryant, Charles C. 
Butterworth, Joseph. .
Chandler, William F. .
Cobbett, Willard A 
Creamer, George W 
Davis, Frederick L 
Dean, Alton L 
Devereaux, James A...
Dodge, Elmer J 
Dorgan, Michael L 
Eager, Charles F 
Eaton, George F 
Gibson, Charles M 
Gorey, Ambrose J 
Holmes, Charles A 
Holmes, William M. . . .
King, Edward H 
King, Frederick D 
Lovell, Benjamin L —

Age.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

226 Muster-Roll of "

F"

Battery.

Name and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued.

Lovell, Horace C 

21

Hon. must. out. 14 Nov.. 1898.

McVav. Alfred W 

22

Parlow, William S 
29
Peirce, Pembroke 
20
Pidffeon Norman H 
22
23
Eoby, Henry W 
29
23
Seekell, Charles H 
3045
Shaftoe, Thomas E 
Smith, Charles I 
2020
25 2227 18
Thacher, William D 
Timms, Ernest H 
Wedmore, Arthur 
Welch, James A 
White, Darius E 
DIED.
Williams, Henry A., private. . .
28
Boston, 24 Oct., 1898.
DISCHARGED.
Baker, Arthur H. , private 
22
Hon. dis., 25 Oct., 1898.
Baker, Charles H., private ....
—
25 Oct., 1898.
Dobson, William A., private. . .
22
25 Oct., 1898.
King, James D., private 
23
1
25 A
ug., 1896
.
MUSTER-ROLL OF "G" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, BOSTON.)

CAPTAIN ALBEET B. CHICK.
FIRST LIEUTENANT FEANK S. WILSON.
SECOND LIEUTENANT JAMES H. GOWING.

228

Muster-Roll of " G " Battery.

'G" BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

FIRST sergeant
Mudge, William J 
sergeants.
Barle, William J 
Treuthardt, Frank L. . .
Morrill, Charles F 
Fiske, Arthur P 
CORPORALS.
Cullen, Charles V 
Treuthardt, Henry A. . .
Kelley, Joseph L 
Keefe, John J 
Pendoley, John J 
Stevenson, William J. .
MESS CORPORAL
Estabrook, Herbert W.
MDSICIAN.
Morgan, James A 
privates.
Adams, Fred J 
AUard, David 
Anderson, Luther F. . . .

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

First Massachusetts Artillery.

229

Name and Rank.

privates. — Continued.
Baker, Benjamin L. ...... .
Ball, Charles H 
Barry, Patrick T 
Buettner, Louis C 
Buswell, John A. 
Buttery, William F 
Connor, John J 
Craig, Samuel A 
DriscoU, Frank 
Emerson, George W., Jr. . .
Grimwood, Arthur C 
Haynes, Clifton M 
Houston, John J 
Kaiser, Edward C 
Killen, Andrew F 
Lewis, Alexander S 
Mason, Walter I 
McCann, James T 
McCarthy, Patrick J 
McDonald, Ernest D 
, McGrath, Frank 
'. McKenna, John T 

Age.

18
2124
21 18
2220 2019
25 19
22
22282021 19
18 18
20 19

Remarks.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.

230

Muster-Roll of " G" Battery.

Name and Rank.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
McLaughlin, Thomas B., Jr. .,

McPherson, John H 
Merry, Howard L 
Monahan, John W 
Moran, James F 
Nagle, Frank J 
Odenweller, Charles J., Jr.
Pendoley, Frank C 
Eeed, Harry J 
Eogers, George E 
Saner, Fred A  ,
Scott, Thomas A 
Snelling, Theodore L 
Sprague, Thomas E 
Taylor, Fred S 
Todhunter, John, Jr  ,
Westman, Leroy L  ,
Whitney, Eoy F  ,
Williams, Benjamin F 

DISCHARGED.
Hutchinson, Benj. W., private.
Jones, Walter F., private 

Age.

20
232019
222121
21212122 18
25 26
21
2121 19
19
22
22

Remarks.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

Hon. dis., 17 July, 1898.
26 July, 1898.

MUSTER-ROLL OF "H" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, CHELSEA.)

CAPTAIN WALTEE L. PEATT.
FIRST LIEUTENANT WILLIAM EENFEEW.
SECOND LIEUTENANT BEETIE E. GEANT.

232

Muster-Roll of "H" Battery.

'H" BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

FIRST SERGEANT.

342526
2726
2324 24
20 3023
3520
3221

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898
11 11 11
11 II a

SERGEANTS.
McGilvray, Joseph G. H 
Flint, Herbert S 

11 11 11

Smith, Walter E 

11 11 II

CORPORALS.
Brewer, John E 

11 II 11

Lennox, William W 

11 It 11

Eeid, Thomas J 

11 11 11

Grant, Nathan A 

11 11 11

Vowles, Herbert E 

11 11 11

WeUs, Carl B 

11 11 11

MESS CORPORAL.
Newman, William G 

It (( 11

MUSICIAN.
Burns, William 

11 11 II

PRIVATES.
Adgate, William 

11 II 11

Bearce, Charles F 

11 11 11

First Massachusetts Artillery.

233

Name and Rank.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Bird, Joseph F 
Bradley, James T 
Brown, Gordon D. W 
Card, Herbert W 
Chadbourne, Walter I 
CutclifEe, Lawrence H 
Dolliver, Thomas H 
Durgin, Charles F 
Farrell, Edgar G 
Fletcher, John 
Gardner, George O 
Hesse, Frederick E 
Hinckley, Charles A 
Holland, William J 
Hunt, Charles D 
Hurd, Thomas E 
Hutchins, Frederick S 
Jones, Harry E 
King, Joseph C. ...' 
Kirk, Walter E 
Knowlton, Chester P 
Leuchter, Fred A 

Age.

Remarks.

Hon. mnst. out, 14 Nov., 1898

234 Muster-Roll of " H " Battery.

Name asd Rank.

Ago.

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Macdonald, Alexander A. E.
McCann, Peter F 
McDonald, Frank 
Osborn, John W 
Pendleton, Clarence A 
Phelps, Charles H 
:Phillips, Fred V 
Pierce, Frank J 
Quimby, Eoland F 
:Eice, Harry E 
Eice, Walter L 
iEogera, George D 
Smith, Charlie 0 
Sullivan, Eugene F 
Taylor, Jeremiah 
Tuttle, Adderson F 
Webber, George C 
Young, Eoderick B 
Young, William L 
DISCHARGED.
Forbush, Charles F., private
ILangill, Eobert W., private .

2120
28 26
2225
20 2622 19 18
24
2322 21
2020
85 18
22
21

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

Hon. dis., 1 Aug., 1898.
18 Aug., 1898.

MUSTER-ROLL OF "I" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, BROCKTON.)

CAPTAIN CHAELES WILLIAMSON.
FIRST LIEUTENANT GEOEGE E. HOETON.
I SECOND LIEUTENANT WELLINGTON H. NILSSON.

236 Muster-Roll of "/" Battery.

•I" BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

FIRST SERGEANT.
Eowley, Charles 
SERGEANTS.
Allen, William S 
Allen, Herbert 
Sampson, Samuel B 
Burgess, George B 
CORPORALS.
Marshall, William J. . . .
Eeed, Harry S 
Morse, Esrom J 
Abercrombie, George A.
Varney, George A 
Foye, Frederic E 
MESS CORPORAL.
Winslow, Enos B 
MUSICIAN.
Abbott, Frank H 
PRIVATES.
Alger, Sanford 
Amadou, Edwin T 
Angevine, Edgar 

Remarks.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898,

First Massachusetts Artillery.

237

Naxb and Rank.

•A^e.;

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Coniinuei.
Billington, Edward N  23
Burt, Fred E  22
Chamberlain, Henry F  29
ChnrchiU, Edwin E  30
Churchill, William F  18
Cobb, Arthur L  21
Cook, Samuel W  22
Corser, Frank L  21
Darby, Frank B  19
Edson, Charles H  25
Foye, Lewis M  25
Gonld, Charles A  25
Hallamore, Spnrgeon W  19
Hamilton, William F  26
Hammond, Horace B  18
Begins, Franklin E  20
Holmes, David C  20
Holmes, George N  20
Jackson, William G  19
Johnson, Clarence H  j 21
Kendall, Thomas L  30
Loud, Harry M  ; 23

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.

238 Muster-Roll of «/"

Battery.

Name and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Marshall, Walter W 

19 Hon.
20
222226 '
212122 22 '
18
2222
23202320 23
21 19 '
26 Hon.

must, out, 14 Nov..

1898

dis., 17 C

ct., 1898

McDonald. Eobert H 

Merrv. Hortence E 
Morrill JoseDh B. 
Osborn. Chester W 
Packard, Harold E 
Pierce, Charles N 
Shaw. Harrv W 
Shurtleff, Fred L 
Slack, William J 
Stokes, Fred D 
Turner, James I 
Waugh, Prince E 
West. Lvbia F 
Williamson, Charles A 
DISCHARGED.
Loud, Harry W., private 
,
MUSTER-ROLL OF "K" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, BOSTON.)

CAPTAIN FEEDEEIC S. HOWES.
FIEST LIEUTENANT P. FEANK PACKARD.
SECOND LIEUTENANT ALBEET A. GLEASON.

240

Muster-Roll of " K" Battery.

K" BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

FIRST SERGEANT.
Moore, Freeman E 
SERGEANTS.
Chafln, Walter B 
Atton, William C 
Eeady, Frank L 
Horton, Joseph G 
CORPORALS.
Davis, Irving J 
Graves, Elmer A 
Kenny, Horace L 
Farwell, Frank F 
Donovan, Thomas J. . . .
Spear, Oscar A 
MESS CORPORAL.
Barker, Edward, Jr 
MUSICIAN.
Eipley, Winfield S., Jr. .
PRIVATES.
Adams, Alonzo 
Banchor, George Y 

Age.

262428
23
3524212020
2222 23
29

31

Remarks.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

First Massachusetts Artillery.

241

Najcb and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

FEivArES. — Coniinued.
Black, Balph W  i 35
Bond, Alonzo C  \ 22
Carle, Edward M  j 29
Conant, Lewis W  30
Cook, Angns  25
Eaton, Phillips  21
Eaton, Pitt E  23
Grose, Howard B  j 19
Hally, Edmnnd S  j 22

Hon. muBt. out, 14 Nov., 1898.

Hally, William J 
Han£com, Alphens P.
Hazlett, George S 

28
24 20

Jackson, WUliam T  ^ 21
Jones, Clarence F  \ 21
Keith, Phineas  20
Kingsley, Charles L  22
Krebs, Charles A.  i 35

Lambert, Clarence E. . .
Martikke, Frederick W.
Mcintosh, Willey J. . . .
McKinnon, William C. .
McPhee, George W. 

242 Muster-Roll of "

X" Battery

•

Name and Rank.

Age.

Romarka.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Merrifleld, Albert F. . . ! 

2820
342924
20 45292121
26
22 24
2620
2440 20
2138

Eache, James A 

(< 1
(t (
<4 (
(( <
(( (
(C I
(( (
(( (
L( 1
(( (
(( (
(( (
il t

Eeuben, Moses 

Richards, Frank L 

Eicker, William E 
Eittenhouse, Ealph W. E 
Eussell, George E 
Smith, Asa N 
Smith, Clifford E 
Smith, Daniel 
Smith, Frederick D 
Stock, Charles H 
Strong, Harry C 
Studdert, Edward F. G 
Tornrose, Axel T 
Weiler, Stephen 
DISCHARGED.
Canfleld, Charles B., private . .
Chase, Paul D., private 
Moulton, Fred H., private 
O'Brien, John J., private 
Webster, Daniel L., private . . .
Hon. dis., 10 Aug., 1898.
12 Nov., 1898.
16 Aug., 1898.
4 Oct., 1898.
" 4 Oct., 1898.
MUSTER-ROLL OF "L" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, BOSTON.)

CAPTAIN FEEDEEICK M. WHITING.
FIRST LIEUTENANT WILLIAM L. SWAN.
SECOND LIEUTENANT FEED A. CHENEY.

244 Muster-Roll of " L " Battery.

"L" BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

FIRST SERGEANT.
Graves, William E 

SERGEANTS.
Naumann, Louis 
Harris, Clifford L 
Gage, George E 
Colburn, Alvin 

CORPORALS.
French, Alton L 

Burrill, William F.
Par6, Thomas O. . .
Barrett, John C. . .
Hill, WilUam B. . . .

MESS CORPORAL.
Foster, Maurice F 

MUSICIAN.
Barrett, William H. .

PRIVATES.
Anderson, John E. .

Babb, Charles H 
Bartlett, David H 
Blanchard, Benjamin B.

Age.

Remarks.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.

First Massachusetts Artillery.

24^

Name and Rank.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Brown, Charles H 

Ellis, Henry J 
Ellsworth, Walter F. . .
FitzwiUiam, Edward C.
FitzwiUiam, Frank M. .
Flagg, George A. . . 
Frank, Harry M 
Frank, Maurice A 
Fruean, George H 
Gage, Frank A 
Gillespie, Edwin S 
Goode, James C 
Greenfield, Joseph 
Henius, Walter A 
HiU, Arthur G 
Knight, Harry 
McLeod, Alton D 
Meader, Joseph B 
Mitchell, Ealph L 
Neagle, Eichard J. J 
'Osborne, Eoy L 
I Osborne, WiUiam A 

Age.

21 19
24
252027
2320 19
2220 19
23 19
19
20 19
20
20
2020
20

Remarks.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898

246

Muster-Roll of " L " Battery.

Name and Rank.

Age.

Remarks.

PRIVATES. — Continued.

Porter, WUfred H 
21
Hon. must. out. 14 Nov.. 1898.
Eevnolds. Harrv L 
9^
41
^,
it
Richardson, Charles H 
24
*' 11
Ct
tl
2023
1111
ii11
tc
Rymili, Joseph A 
it
Sanford, Herman I 
19
2022
2125 19
It
1111
(1It
11
((
tc tc
tt
il
il
ii
Scruton, Edwin H 
li
Simmons, John 
11
Smith, Harold F 
il
Soule, Melzer H 
it
Sninnev, William A 
it
Swartout, Eugene D 
21
tl
it
ii.
Trask, Harry A 
23
11
t(
ii
Warner, Harry A 
21
a
tl
a
'W'ells, Jarvis A 
24 19
tl
11
ft
a
Wight, William A 
tL
DISCHARGED.
Jansson, John G., corporal 
23
Hon. dis.
, 20 Oct.,
1898.
Aekiss, Ivy W., private 
21
11
25 Oct.,
1898.
Johnson, George A., private. . .
20
11
20 Oct.,
1898.
Lewisson, Clarence P., private.
19
11
16 June
, 1898.
Miller, WUUam T., private 
20
11
20 Oct.,
1898.
MUSTER-ROLL OF "M" BATTERY
(HOME-STATION, FALL RIVER.)

CAPTAIN SIEEEA L. BEALEY.
FIRST LIEUTENANT DAVID FULLEE.
I SECOND LIEUTENANT FEEDEEICK W. HARBISON.

248 Muster-Roll of "M" Battery.

'M" BATTERY.

Name and Rank.

Age

Remarks.

FIRST SERGEANT.
Potter, George E 

34
28
2729
2527
28
293025
2627
33
23
30

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.

SERGEANTS.
Sanford, Arnold B., 2d 

i; 11 tl
ii It (t

11 a i(

11 tl 11

CORPORALS.
Pilkington, Edward H 

11 11 11

Whitehead, James M 

11 11 11

Bentley, James H 

11 11 It

Durfee, Frederick E 

11 11 (1

Wilcox, William B 

11 11 11

Mitchell, Elmer W 

11 It 11

MESS CORPORAL.
Marsden, George 

11 11 It

MUSICIAN.
Lee, John 

It It It

PRIVATES.
Almond, James H 

It It 11

Bailey, James E 

11 (1 11

First Massachusetts Artillery.

249

Name and Rank.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
: Bradbury, George 
' Bridges, Charles 
Broughton, Thomas 
Buckley, John 
Buckley, Zedekiah 
Chippendale, Thomas J 
Dale, Hugh 
Darke, WilUam H 
Davis, Elmer F 
Destremps, Henry A 
Durfee, Nelson B 
Bldredge, Myron 0 
Ely, Ernest B 
Fish, Edwin B 
Fiske, Frank E 
Graham, Henry 
Harrison, Paul 
Henshaw, John E 
Heywood, Joseph A 
Horan, James H 
Horsman, Frederick 
Hughes, John F 

Age.

25 24 35 19
31 19
25 38 25 2128 23 21 28 233440 2335 273831

KemarkB.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898.

250

Muster-Roll of " M" Battery.

Name and Rank.

PRIVATES. — Continued.
Lindsey, John J 
Linley, Frederick E. H 
Littlefield, Frank W. C 
McGlynn, Thomas J 
McGraw, Jerome G 
Murphy, Thomas 
Eigby, John 
Eobinson, John T 
Sanford, Alvin C 
Sanford, Frank E 
Sharpies, Joseph H. M 
Simmons, Ernest L 
Skinner, Harry A 
Smolensky, Hyman 
Smolensky, Lester H  ,
Squire, WUliam B  ,
Stevens, Theodore F 
Thurston, Edward A  ,
Waterworth, William  ,
Wiseman, WUliam A  ,
Wood, Eichard 

Age.

Remarks.

Hon. must, out, 14 Nov., 1898,

CHRONOLOGY OF THE WAR

CHRONOLOGY.
It will be observed that in the following
table all regimental and battery notes refer
to the First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery:
FEBRUARY, J898.
15tli. — U.S.S. Maine destroyed in harbor of Havana.
MARCH.
9th. — Congress appropriates $50,000,000 for national
defence.
12th. — U.S.S. Oregon starts from San Francisco on the
memorable voyage to the Atlantic coast.
24th. — Spanish torpedo-gunboat flotilla assembles at
Cape Verde Islands.
28th. — Congress receives report of naval board of inquiry
declaring Maine to have been destroyed by
exterior explosion. APRE..
9th. — General Lee leaves Havana.
14th. — Flotilla at Cape Verde Islands joined by Infanta
Maria Teresa and Cristobal Colon.
15tii.  Legislature of Massachusetts appropriates
$500,000 for local defence and ecLuipment of
troops. 263

254 Chronology of the War.
20th. — Cape Verde squadron augmented by Almirante
Oquendo and Vizcaya.
21st. — Spanish Government sends passports to Minister
Woodford.
22d. — Admiral Sampson sails from Key West to estab
lish Cuban blockade.
23d. — President McKinley calls for one hundred and
twenty-five thousand volunteers.
24th. — Spanish Government announces its intention of
organizing a fleet of auxiliary cruisers.
Regiment receives orders to hold itself in readi
ness for service in defenses of Boston Harbor.
25th. — Congress declares war to have existed since 21
April.
Admiral Dewey sails from Hong Kong for
Manila.
Orders issued directing regiment to report at
Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, on following
day.
26th. — Eegiment assembles in Boston — ninety-nine per
cent, present for duty — passes in review before
Governor Wolcott, and at noon reaches its
station.
29th. — Spanish fleet, under Admiral Cervera, sails from
Cape Verde Islands — destination unknown.
MAY.
1st. — Destruction of Admiral Montojo's fleet in Manila
Bay.
9th. — Eegiment mustered into volunteer service of
United States by Brevet Lieut.-Col. C. A,

First Massachusetts Artillery. 255
Woodruff, Second United States Artillery;
muster-in completed at 9.34 A.M.
10th. — Orders received detaching Third Battalion, to
report to Colonel Woodruff.
13th. — Eeported sighting of Spanish fleet off Nan
tucket; night alarm at Fort Warren.
18th, — Governor Wolcott visits post, inspects regiment,
and presents volunteer commissions to o£B.eers.
20th. — General Merritt, commanding Department of the
East, relieved by General Frank.
23d. — Orders received assigning Headquarters, First
and Second Battalions to stations.
24th. — U.S.S. Oregon reaches coast of Florida.
25th. — President McKinley calls for seventy-five thou
sand additional volunteers.
First military expedition starts from San Fran
cisco for Manila.
30th, — Admiral Cervera's fleet definitely located and
blockaded in harbor of Santiago.

JUNE.
1st,  "G" and "L" Batteries take station at Fort
Eodman, New Bedford Harbor.
3d. — U.S.S. Merrimac sunk in harbor of Santiago.
Eegimental Headquarters established at Fort
Pickering, Salem Harbor.
6th. — Changes of station: "A" Battery to Mining
Casemate, Nahant; "C" and "D" Batteries
to Fort Pickering; "H" Battery to Fort
Sewall, Marblehead Harbor.

256 Chronology of the War.
7th. — "B" Battery takes station in defenses of New
buryport Hai-bor ; " K " Battery at Stage Fort,
Gloucester Harbor.
11th. — Landing of United States Marines at Guanta-
namo.
12th. — Embarkation of General Shafter's corps at
Tampa.
15th. — Admiral Camara's squadron sails from Cadiz.
20th. — General Shafter's expedition lands at Baiquiri.
24tli. — Action at Las Guasimas.
28th. — General Merritt's expedition sails for Philippines.
30th. — General Frank, commanding Department of the
East, relieved by General Gillespie.
JULY.
lst-2d. — Actions at El Caney and San Juan Hill.
3d, — Annihilation of Admiral Cervera's fleet off Santi
ago.
8th. — Admiral Camara's fleet turns back to Cadiz.
"B" Battery changes station from defenses of
Newburyport to Fort Constitution, Portsmouth
Harbor, New Hampshire.
11th. — General Miles ai-rives at Santiago.
Governor Wolcott requests foreign service for
regiment, informing War Department that
apprehension no longer is felt for coast-towns
of Massachusetts.
17th. — Surrender of Santiago.
25th. — General Miles lands with his expedition in Porto
Eico.

First Massachusetts Artillery. 257
"A" Battery changes station from Nahant to
Fort Pickering.
26th. — Spain asks terms of peace.
29th. — General Merritt's expedition reaches Manila.
31st. — United States forces at Manila repulse Spanish
attack. AUGUST.
12th. — Peace protocol signed ; hostilities suspended.
2Tth. — " B " Battery changes station from Fort Consti
tution to Fort Pickering.
SEPTEMBER.
19th. — Eegiment withdrawn from coast-works and
assembled in camp at South Framingham.
OCTOBER.
4th. — General Gillespie, commanding Department of
the East, relieved by General Shafter.
5th. — Eegiment breaks camp at Framiagham, takes
transportation for Boston, marches in review
before Governor Wolcott, and is furloughed
for thirty days. NOVEMBER.
4th.  Batteries report at home stations from furlough.
14th.  Eegiment mustered out of service of United
States by Lieut.-Col. E. M. Weaver, U.S.V.,
and Lieut. J. P. Hains, U.S.A.

258 Chronology of the War.
DECEMBER.
10th. — Treaty of peace signed by Commissioners at
Paris. APRIL, J899.
11th. — Proclamation by President McKinley of ratifi
cation of treaty ofScially terminates the war.

YALE

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