YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

ilE

PINE AND THE PALM

GREETING; OR,
The Trip of the Northern Editors to the South in 1871,

AND THE

Return Visit of the Southern Editors in 1872,

UNDER THE LEADEESHIP OP
Maj. N. H. HOTCHKISS,
Traveling Agent of Uhesapeake & Ohio and Eichmond & Tork Biver Eailroads.
"IT IS WELL."

E

DITED AND COMPILED BY N. J. WATKINS.

BALTIMORE:
J. D. Ehlbes & Co.'s, Engkaving and Pkinting House,
87 Second Stkeet.
1873.

Enteuei) According to Act of Co.nuhkss, in tub yeak 1873, iiy
NELSON H. HOTCHKISS,
IN THE Office op the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
Sole Agent, ,J. T. Ei.i.vson, 1113 Main Street, Riohmoud, Va.
/
To my friends iu Baltimore aud the North, the Pine and Palm will he fouud at Fountain Hotel.
Camden Street, Baltimore, Md.
Head Quartei's of MA.IOR N. H. HOTCHKISS.
Traveling /Igent C. * 0. and li.. Y. li. A-- V- It. Ii.
Oflice. 144 Light Street.

DEDICATION.

TO THE
EDITORIAL FRATERNITY,
THE GREAT LEVER POWER THAT MOVES
THE WORLD.

PREFACE.

As its name implies, this volume is a record of the thoughts, feelings and
impressions of the Northern Editors who accompanied Major Hotchkiss
south in the spring of 1871, and of the Southern Editors who, with him,
returned the visit in 1872. No literary merit is claimed for it. The book
is a compilation from the hastily penned letters of the, newspaper men who
took part in those expeditions. Writing under such circumstances, they
were unable to bestow upon their work the care necessary to disarm adverse
criticism. Many of the descriptions, however, contained in it are graphic,
highly interesting, and by no means devoid of grace and elegance. As a
whole, it is a stirring narrative, full of exciting incidents, and a faithful
index of the feelings of the people both North and South, when properly
approached. The volume is made up of extracts carefully selected from the
different papers represented on the excursions. The names of these papers,
with their editors, have been given in the body of the book, but it has been
found impossible to individualize, as aside from the monotony occasioned by
almost endless repetition, and the space required for the insertion of names
of the journals accredited with certain portions of the work, dissatisfaction
would inevitably follow. Many exceedingly interesting letters have been
omitted, because of their length, while at times the compiler has found it
difficult to discriminate in making his selections. He has endeavored to
follow closely the admirable example set by the excursionists, and nothing of
a political or sectional character will be found in the volume.
September 16th, 1873.

INTRODUCTION.

When, in 1865, the great civil war was brought to a close, by the sur
render of the Confederate armies, hopeful persons in both sections confidently
expected reconciUation. The North regarded the South as necessary to the
perpetuation and prosperity of the Union, or her people would never have
submitted to the unprecedented sacrifices they were compelled to make in
order to enforce that bond. The South lay helpless, crippled, well nigh
ruined. Her people, with an unanimity scarcely exampled in the history of
nations, had given their all to the cause they so fondly cherished and which
they believed to be just. Stripped of her wealth, her fields laid waste, and
in many instances homes that had protected generations desolated, bankrupt
and without a currency, she naturally looked to the North for assistance and
for the means of recuperation. The South in her then condition was but a
barren conquest, and experience told but too surely what would result from
the imposition of harsh measures and the prolongation of those animosities
begotten of internecine strife. Americans are by nature generous. The
struggle over, the victory won, the prejudices occasioned by untoward events
over which neither side had control softened down, the proper thing to
manly and magnanimous natures seemed to be reconciliation.
That such was the feeling of the people throughout the United States is
evidenced by the many abortive attempts at reconstruction by both political
parties during the winter succeeding the collapse of the Confederacy. Un
fortunately two branches of the Government were arrayed against each other.
Nothing that emanated from the Executive was acceptable to Congress;
nothing that originated in Congress proved palatable to the President.
The breach widened day by day, and finally degenerated into a struggle
between political parties, and the poor South, the bone of contention, was
ground between the upper and nether mill-stones. Her condition at the

8 Introduction.
time of the surrender was deplorable, but how much more pitiable it became
three years later, when she was overrun with scalawags and carpet-laggers,
will never be known save to those whose misfortune it was to live within her
borders. A scalawag is an original secessionist, a fire-eater of that peculiar Southern
type who before the war kept alive the smouldering embers of sectional hate
by appeals to the masses in the Southern States to resist the encroachments
of Northern usurpation and fanned the flames of civil war by violent denun
ciations of the Northern people and their supposed efforts to trample upon
the liberties and seize the property of the people of those States. None were
more energetic in their efforts to bring on the war, none were more directly
responsible for the frightful consequences which followed. They stirred the
people to frenzy by their harangues, and assisted , manfully in the formation
of companies and regiments for the coming conflict, in most cases modestly
confining their own ambitious longings to stationary positions in the com
missary or quarter-master departments. If they soared higher and ventured
into the rank and file of the army, at the first sound of approaching danger
they were reminded of some convenient malady that had lain dormant in the
system during a long period of years but which had opportunely thrust itself
into notice in time to secure for the patient a discharge from military duty.
Having worked all the, injury to their fellow-beings that their microscopic
souls could suggest, they quietly "enrolled themselves in their virtue and
retired to private life" to await the result of that strife which they had done
so much to foment.
The war over, the South helpless at the feet of the conqueror, they crawled
from their holes and hiding-places and pounced upon those whom they had
lured to their destruction. The iron-clad oath disclosed no obstacles to
their elastic consciences. They swallowed it with an unctuousness that
savored of delight, and protested their life-long devotion to the Union and
the dominant party with an ardor and impetuosity which exceeded if pos
sible the enthusiasm manifested by them in behalf of the South at the
beginning of the struggle. Their late friends were not only abandoned but
treated with ignominy the more galling because of the source from whence
it sprang. The colored man was a brother whose interests must be secured,
regardless of the rights of the whites, by placing them, the scalawags, in
positions of trust where they could prey upon the body politic and grow
plethoric from the remaining property of the sorely tried and impoverished

IjSrTRODUCTIOHr. 9
people of the South. They humbled themselves that they might be exalted.
No descent was too low, no rascality too contemptible, which would further
.their plans and projects. The negroes were incited to hostilities against
their late masters and natural friends, and taught by these new fledged phi
lanthropists that what might be theirs through frugality and industry was
theirs by common right, and that by elevating the scalawags to power it
should be assured to them.
We must not be understood as embracing in our description of the scala
wag those who from conscientious convictions differed with the majority of
their Southern brethren. Of these there were many, and their influence and
example were potent in ameliorating the condition of their friends and
neighbors. The carpet-lag ger, though differing but little in general features from the
above, was, upon the whole, a superior creature. He was not a viper
warmed into life to sap that which had given him birth. Born and raised in
the North, he joined the armies of the Union as a camp-follower, and during
the war had preyed indifferently upon his own people and those within the
territory of the enemy. Whenever stealing cotton, cereals or household
furniture and running the blockade proved more lucrative than filching
from the soldiers who had gone out to fight the battles of their country he
abandoned the latter for the former. At the termination of the war he dis
covered instinctively the true field for the exercise of his talents. The
political complications in the South, growing out of that unfortunate affair,
furnished just the material he needed for the prosecution of his purposes.
Armed with a box of paper collars and a couple of calico shirts, with an
audacity strangely at variance with his late hang-dog mien while being
kicked and cuffed by ofBcers and men of the Union forces, he marched into
the conquered territory, and with that contempt for appearances created in
him by his previous career, he made his head-quarters at some negro cabin
or abandoned hovel and from thence issued his ukases and thunderbolts.
The negroes were taught that the whites were their natural enemies and that
he was the modern Moses to lift the yoke of Egyptian bondage and give
over to them the lands that flowed with milk and honey. The carpet-lagger
found a congenial spirit in the scalawag, and with combined forces they
helped themselves to all the offices of trust and profit (we were about to say
honor) within the gift of the people. Then commenced a system of plunder
and corruption which would have beggared States that had known no trouble.

10 iNTBODUCTIOir.
The people were taxed for more than their lands would bring to fill the
rapacious maws of these cormorants while those whose property and position
certainly entitled them to some voice in their governance were compelled to
sit with their hands tied and behold their own despoilment. The worst pas
sions of the colored people were appealed to, and but for a common sense
and a rugged honesty with whioh they were not then accredited the most
frightful scenes would have ensued, horrors at the bare thought of which
the soul shudders.
This is no fancy picture, nor is it overdrawn. It will be seen that the
scalawag is a native, a fungous growth, for which the South is responsible,
while the carpet-lagger will be recognized by every soldier of the Union as
one whom, during the war, the army but for the control of its officers would
have given "a short shrift and the end of a rope." We have sketched the
main characteristics of these parasites for the benefit of our Northern
brethren. The impression prevails largely at the North that the term carpet-
lagger is applied indiscriminately to all who hail from that section of our
common country. Never was there a greater error. Many excellent men of
both political parties have settled in the South, and not a few have adorned
the most distinguished positions in the arena of politics. The South wel
comes to her homes and firesides all who come with honest intent and a
determination to further the general prosperty. She is grateful for the aid
they give, the skill they possess and the capital they bring. She asks not
what may have been their antecedents, what their political opinions; all she
requires is that they assist in building up her institutions and developing
her resources. That this is true may be easily learned from the perusal of
the "following pages. We have spoken with more latitude than we intended
of the scalawag and carpet-lagger, and perhaps they were not worth such an
extended notice, but our object has been to remove erroneous impressions.
In 1868, the South was at their mercy, and precious little of it did they
exhibit towards her suffering people. Earnest efforts at reconciliation were
made by all classes and both political parties. Peace conventions. Congres
sional committees, reconstruction laws, were tried without avail. Disorders
followed in the wake of the anomalous governments established in the South
ern States, and people, stung to madness, cared but little about the means
they used to rid themselves of the vampires that had fastened upon them.
As always happens when citizens take the law in their own hands, outrages
were perpetrated which were deeply regretted by the better classes of people.

Introduction. 11
The partisanship of the press at this time was a serious misfortune for the
South. While one-half the newspapers in the country were endeavoring to
prove that the millenium had already begun in the ex- Confederate States,
the other half contended that pandemonium had broken loose, and more
stringent measures should be adopted for its suppression. Instead of
allaying the animosities engendered, they were intensified until there was
real danger that a feeling might spring up between the two sections which
would embitter their relations for all time to come.
At this juncture Major N. H. Hotchkiss, a gentleman who will figure
largely in this volume, accepted the appointment of General Traveling Agent
of the York River and Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. He was a Northern
man by birth and a Southerner by adoption. He loved both sections with
an ardor which naught save the purest patriotism and most perfect unselflsh-
ness ean beget. We do not propose to give here a sketch of his life, that
will be found further on. Prior to the war he was an avowed Repub
lican, but when Virginia resolved to cast herself into the breach between her
Sister Southern States and the North he like many other noble men considered
it his duty to stand by the land of his adoption. No taint of bitterness
detracted from the purity of his resolve. His generous nature forbade that
he should desert the people who had opened their arms to him in the hour of
adversity and yet his heart bled to think that those who should be brothers
were engaged in such a contest. Whilst aiding the State of Virginia with all
that characteristic energy which will be clearly developed to the reader during
the progress of this work, his mind ever turned with the deepest solicitude
to those whom the cruel exigencies of war had for the time being made enemies.
Major Hotchkiss was not exempt from the hard fate which overtook so
many of his compatriots at the close of the war. Reduced to poverty, with
a helpless and dependent family, and his naturally robust constitution
seriously undermined by the many hardships and privations he had under
gone, he nevertheless applied himself diligently to repair his broken fortunes.
His first idea was that a man owes it to the community in which he lives to
contribute his mite towards its general happiness and progress; his second,
that the time not thus employed should be expended in efforts to strengthen
the ties which connect it with others. The latter seems ultimately to have
gained the ascendancy. He was a plain man, endowed with more than
ordinary common sense, and to use the words of one of his eulogists, "he had
a heart as big as a bushel."

13 Introduction.
It is a popular error to. imagine that no man can become great unless he
fills some exalted public station. The unknown benefactors of mankind, the
great men in private life, whose only reward is the proud consciousness of
duty well done, will probably fill as large a scroll and constitute as bright
a record when days shall be no more as the story of those whom monumental
brass has created the heroes of the hour.
Major Hotchkiss was contented with the lesser (?) distinction. While he
did not disparage measures adopted by the Government for the restoration of
peace and harmony between the two sections his active mind cast about for
eome other means to reunite the practically dissevered people of the Union.
His own experience taught him that ignorance, as in many other cases the
prolific source of evil, was in this the real cause of bitterness and distrust, and
that if the.North and South could be brought to know each other as they really
were without the aid of political spectacles or party coloring, sectional hatred
would fade away like the mists of the morning. His acceptance of the position
tendered by the Chesapeake and Ohio and Richmond and York River Rail
roads gave him the long wished for opportunity to test the plan of reconcilia
tion he had matured in his own mind. His new duties brought him in contact
with the people of both sections. The Press was the acknowledged vehicle
of public sentiment. Each journal was a centre from which radiated impres
sions to light thousands of people. The masses had no other means of gain
ing information. If the light were not obscured by the clouds of prejudice
and passion the rays that issued from it must be bright and healthful.
So reasoned the Major, and he determined that he would never relax his
efforts until the Editors of the North, the framers of public opinion in that
section, should be brought face to face with the people of the South, until
they should see them engaged in their daily avocations, listen to their views
upon topics of general interest and importance, sit by their firesides and
under the shadow of their sacred Penates partake of the generous hospitality
for which they erst were famous. His heart told him that his labor would
not be in vain. Month after month found him toiling to accomplish this
noble object. The months lengthened into years, and at last, during the
winter of 1871, having repeatedly visited New York, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey and other Northern States, and having perfected his arrangements in
the South he was enabled to announce to the Northern Editors that his
efforts had been crowned with success, and that the great experiment at
reconciUation would soon be commenced under the most hopeful auspices.

Introduction. 13
It must not be imagined that the end was reached without trouble. Rail
road magnates were to be propitiated, lines of travel mapped out and obdurate
Editors whose prejudices blinded their judgments were to be persuaded to lay
aside for the nonce their unreasoning bias and look at things as they really
were. This last was by no means the least of the troubles that beset Major
Hotchkiss, while making his preparations. Men, intelligent men, whom he
had known from boyhood and who preserved for himself the same unswerving
esteem that they had manifested towards him when a youth, refused at first to
believe that any good thing could come out of Nazareth and in more than
one instance days of sight-seeing and familiarity with the people of the South
were necessary to wrest the scales from their eyes and induce them to admit that
they were mistaken. It must also be borne in mind by the reader that the trou
bles in the South which had reached such formidable proportions in 1868 had
measurably increased during the period that elapsed between that time and
the starting of the Editorial Excursion. "Rumor with her hundred tongues"
had been busy, misrepresentation had so completely usurped the place of truth
that the Northern Editors and by consequence the Northern people could not
really be blamed for their prejudices against the South or their utter igno
rance of her condition.
However on May 22d, 1871, a goodly number of Editors assembled at the
Delavan House, in Elmira, to meet their leader. Major N. H. Hotchkiss, many
of whom grasped his bronzed but honest hand for the first time. At 9.45
P. M. the party was escorted to the Northern Central Eailway Depot where
special cars had been provided for their accommodation through the kindness
and foresightof Mr. Ed. Young, the deservedly popular General Ticket Agent of
that line. A ride at night over this railroad is pretty much the same as a jaunt
over any other road, but what wonders are disclosed at the return of day will
be fully detailed hereafter. Editors freed from the trammels of the sanctum
and temporarily released from the gentle tyranny of domestic life are about
as irresponsible as any other class of men. Such absolute freedom is unusual
to them and correspondingly enjoyed. The fun and hilarity which bubbled
over on this occasion proved a pleasant harbinger of the good time a coming.
Their leader, soon after bidding adieu to Elmira, made himself acquainted
with the excursionists by one of those practical introductions which frequently
form the basis of a lasting friendship. Through the kindness of Messrs.
Thomas Flack & Son he was enabled to mete out to them consolation from a
huge demijohn which bore the inscription "Old Baker," and an inspection

14 Introduction.
of its contents demonstrated conclusively that the aforesaid vessel had been,
correctly named. One car was set apart for the smokers, for whom ample
provision had been made, while the other was devoted to the total abstinence
party, whose members grew hourly "small by degrees and beautifully less."
The night was passed in pleasant and genial intercourse, interspersed with
jokes whose practical character gave a zest to the trip, while their perfect
harmlessness prevented any unpleasant consequences. Harrisburg was
reached at an early hour in the morning, and the excursionists breakfasted
in the Northern Central Railroad Depot. They reached Baltimore in excel
lent time and were conducted to the Fountain Hotel. A short opportunity
was here given for a stroll through the City, after which they partook of a
substantial dinner at the hotel, and were escorted to the steamer State of
Virginia of the Richmond and York River Railroad Line.
We will take up the narrative as written by the Journalists themselves.

iu anlr ^\t lalm.

ON THE CHESAFEAHE BAY.
Yesterday afternoon we sailed from Baltimore in the magniflcent steamer "State of Vir
ginia," which R. roster, Esq., agent of the Richmond and York River Railroad Line, had
kindly placed at the disposal of Mr. N. H. Hotchkiss and his editorial friends. At four
o'clock the steamer left the dock and moved gracefully down the harbor, passing Fort
McHenry, one of the strongest fortiflcations in the United States, and which gave birth to
the national song "the Star Spangled Banner." Further down, and midway in the Patapsco,
is Fort Carroll, which is unflnished and probably never will be, as iron-clads have rendered
it useless as a means of deience. We passed Annapolis in the distance, only its numerous
church spires being visible. As the steamer plowed through the waters on its way, and
the shadows of night were falling, the bell for supper was rung and the party assembled
around tables laden with products of a sunny Southern clime, and meats and drinks of
various kinds. The Captain of the steamer, L. W. Freeman, and Chief Hotchkiss, had
evidently done their prettiest, and we showed our appreciation by clearing the festive board.
An informal meeting of the members of the Editorial Excursion was called and Hon.
J. H. Selkreg, ol Ithaca, N. Y., stated its object to be to effect an organization to better
express their united sentiments in regard to the excursion. The following are the names
of those present at the meeting :
H. TIDD and Hon. D. B. HILL, Oazette, Elmira.
K. E. E. DtTMAES, Advertiser, Elmira.
H. H. EOCKWELL, Elmira.
J. H. BtTECH, Scranton, Pa.
A. S. HOOKEE, Gazette, Troy, Pa.
Eev. GEO. COMFOET, Northern Advocate, Auburn.
J. W. SPAIGHT, Standard, Fishkill Landing.
J. G. P. HOLDEN, Gazette, Yonkers.
PEANK B. BEOWN, Democrat, Corning.
J. M. WESCOTT, Eecord, Dundee.
E. N. BACON, Examiner, Nicholson, Pa.
C. E. WHITNBT, Eepublican, Montrose, Pa,
H. P. WINSOE, Transcript, Jordan.
WM. A. KELLOGG, Eepublican, Homer.
J. J. MATTISON, Bepublican and Messenger, Canan
daigua, N. T.
E. B. HOLMES, Times, Canaudaigua.
J. S. EOBINSON, Becord, Naples.
ELMEE HOUSEE, Eecorder, Lima.
D. M. TEUE, Evening Express, Eochester,
A. J. McCALL, Advocate, Bath.
Kev. JOHN E. EOBIE, Christian Advocate, and
Daily Courier, Bufialo.
JAMES B. HOFE, Advertiser, Union Springs.
H. A. DUDLEY, -?Vestem New Foj-Aer, Warsaw, N.Y.
C. K. SAUNDEES, Nunda, N.Y.
J. WATTS, Atlas, Attica.
L. W. KINGMAN, Gazette, Owego.
PEANK T. SCUTTEE, Enterprise, Waverly.
WM. POLLEYS, Advocate, Waverly.

C. H. KEELEE, Becord, Owego.
H. N. BEACH, Bepublic, Brockport.
A. A. HOPKINS, Eural Eome, Eochester.
A. O. BUNNELL, Advertiser, DansTille.
M. C. EICHAEDSON, Daily Journal, Lockport.
C. B. THOMPSON, GazeUe, LeEoy.
W. H. STEWAET, Eochester,
W. H. GEEENOW, Tribune, Hornellsville.
SIDNEY B. HOWELL, Journal, Corning.
WM. H. NEAEPASS, Evening Gazette, Port Jervis.
M. D. STIVEES, Evening Press, Middletown.
JOHN D. BIDDIS, Herald, Milford, Pa.
ALBEET STOLL, TrirStaies Union, Port Jervis.
S. H. FERENBAUGH, Tim-es, Painted Post.
CHAELES H. STOW, Courier, Deposit.
W. H. GAEDNEE, Journal, Susquehanna Depot, Pa.
A. FOOTS, Gazette and Herald, Lisle.
JOHN A. SLEICHEE, Press, Troy, N. Y.
P. A. DONY, Democrat, Mauch Chunk, Pa.
A. GBNNET, Leader, Binghampton.
B. H. EANDOLPH, Democrat. Warsaw.
E. S. LEWIS, Batavian, Batavia.
J. MALETTE, Eepublican, Binghampton,
Hon. JOHN H. SELKEBG, Journal, Ithaca.
S. H. PAEKEE, Geneva Gazette.
O. W. OSMAN, Gazette, Hackettstown, N. J.
E. MeCONNELL, Democrat. Pen Yan, N. Y.
M. G. 6EAHAM, Advertiser, Addison, N. Y.
S. GOODALE, Citizen, Phelps. N. Y.

16 The Pine and The Palm.
On motion, 0. B. Thompson, the oldest member of the craft present, was choseii
President ofthe meeting. The following gentlemen were chosen secretaries : A. O. Bunnell
on the part of the New York delegation, and John D. Biddis on the part of the Pennsyl
vania delegation.
Remarks were made by F. A. Doney, Esq., Hon. J. H. Selkreg, A. A. Hopkins, and
S. H. Parker, to the eff'ect that due arrangements should be made to properly represent
this party in Richmond, and urging the appointment of a committee to systematise our
programme, that we may obtain as much information and as full an expression ot the
sentiments of the people of Virginia as possible in the short time allotted to us, and also
to convey the warm regards of the members of the profession and of the people of the
North generally toward the South.
On motion, the following gentlemen were appointed a committee to perfect arrange
ments for the next day, Messrs. W. H. Gardner, James Malette, M. D. Stivers, R. R. R.
Dumars, and M. C. Richardson.
On motion, the chairman and secretaries were added to the committee.
On motion, the following committee of five was appointed to report resolutions m
reference to the incidents of the excursion, at such time as they may deem feasible and
desirable— viz : Messrs. A. A. Hopkins, J. G. P. Holden, F. A. Dony, J. W. Spaight, and
S. H. Parker. SPEECH OF MAJOR N. H. HOTCHKISS.
Colonel Hotchkiss, the host of the excursion party, being called out, made a stirring
speech of some length, comprising a sketch of his connection with Virginia and Virginians
since removing from his native State of New York in 1859, gave full evidence of the faith
which was iri him that Virginians were among the noblest people of God's footstool; said he
acknowleged now that Virginians were wrong during the war, but that they were honest in
their convictions, and earnest in their endeavors to practice what they believed. He was a
thorough Republican before the war, announced himself as such, and was commended and
honored by Virginians for so doing. He depicted the long and excited discussion through
out the length and breadth of Virginia before the ordinance of secession was passed, and the
terrible days that followed through the war ; but all is over now. Virginia needs and asks
the assistance of the North to develope her resources and restore to her, her more than old-
time prosperity. The North and South is divided now only by passion and prejudice.
How are we to become again an united people? He thought it was by the power of the press
and by association. And in the fervor of his patriotism, his love for his whole country, he
had vowed never to rest day or night until he had done Ms utmost, however humble that
might be to restore good feeling between the North and South ; it was to this end, and this
alone that he had been stimulated to plan this editorial excursion. He had worked at this
so long, and had given so much of time and thought to it, that now the prospect of success
was so near he was absolutely drunk with excitement, and he acknowledged the day and
the night the proudest and happiest ofhis life. He felt the invigorating spirit ofthe whole
land and people. His heart and soul werp in the work.
It is impossible to convey on paper the eloquence, the irresistible logic, of this man's
oratory, for whom simple and fervent love of country had done more than the most flnished
education and life-long practice. The speech had a most happy effect upon all the
auditors of Mr. Hotchkiss.
The ride from Baltimore on the steamer "State of Virginia," through the Chesapeake ,
Bay and York River, was one of the pleasantest we ever enjoyed on water. The steamer
is a magniflcent palace, and is officered by the best of men, and supplied with the richest
material tempting to appetite and to body. We have much eloquence and good sense in
the party, and the gentlemen need not be ashamed to appear on any occasion.

The Pine and The Palm. 17
A mistake occurs in the report of Major Hotchkiss' speech. He did not
say "that Virginians were wrong during the war," but that "if they were
wrong it was not the first time in the history of the world that a brave and
noble people had been mistaken in their ideas of government, and that they
had faithfully defended what they believed to be right." A man who had
so steadfastly adhered to the fortunes of his State in her hour of trial was
not likely to stultify himself by such a declaration. He spoke with so much
fervor that it was difficult at times for the reporters to accurately follow him.
He said: "I stood out firmly against secession, but when it came I could not,
I would not, desert my State let its future be what it might." — Ed.
A call of an hour at Yorktown gave us an opportunity of examining the relics of an
hundred years ago. The town which Cornwallis made his headquarters is still standing,
even showing the traces of the balls from Washington's guns. The place is hardly
anything now but a miserably dilapidated town. A century since it was different.
Then some of the grand old families of Virginia were residents there. But it is rich in
reminiscence and is most beautifully, charmingly located on the bay. We left the steamer
at West Point and took the Richmond and York River Railroad for Richmond, special
cars having been furnished through the kindness of the Company, Capt. Wm. N. Bragg,
Superintendent. mCHMOND.
On our arrival at Richmond we were not met by the Editors, as was expected. We
suspect that they were too much occupied to pay any attention to the visitors. We
arrived on Decoration Day, and the following day was election, two occasions at home,
as we know, demanding about all that an editor can accomplish. We believe that the
Editors of Richmond are both generous and hospitable.*
There is a sadness about Southern burial places that is peculiar to them. Nowhere else
in America can one realize so thoroughly the extent of the sacriflce of human life which
war involved to the American people, and probably at none more fully than at the Rich
mond cemeteries of HOLLYWOOD AND OAKWOOD.
At Oakwood it is our good fortune to be able to attend the ceremonies of the Confederate
Decoration Day, and what a day ! ' There are not less than 10,000 people here, and I may
under-estimate them by 5,000. As far as eye can reach is one dense surging crowd. But
there is no levity here. Thousands of these dead were known to these living, and few
live who would not willingly bow in sympathy with this people, and in the presence of
their dead accord to them the praise of having " meant what they said " when their armies
confronted ours in the fleld of deadly battle. Oh, what proofs are here ! In these two
cemeteries lie over 30,000 dead Confederate soldiers, and in the distance to the southward
is seen a flag waving over lifeless thousands of those they met in battle. Here in sight of
each other's graves they sleep, and who can say but that those who fell would blot out the
past as those who fought long since have done. Thank Heaven, I never have slandered
the Southern people by ascribing to them motives of selfishness or revenge, or a blind
following after leaders in their warfare ! If any were guilty, all were guilty ; for never, I
* A fact fully demonstrated further on.— Ed.

18 The Pine and The Palm.
believe, could people be more united or more in dead earnest. Else, what means the
graves of 30,000 of their fallen in the shadow of one city ? But to-day over the graves of
those they loved, and love still, I hear their orator say :
" Let us bury animosities and vindictive resentments. ' Let the dead past bury its dead.
Here, over the mounds of our braves let us tear out everything that is unforgiving,
unchristian, unlovely. Almost in sight, sleep those whom they met in battle. In the
grave are no rancorous hates. Between the sleepers there is perpetual truce. Shall the
living have less ? As far as permitted, let us hail our late enemies as friends. In the
tomb let national quarrels be buried. Savages may perpetuate immortal hates. Be it our
prerogative to illustrate the benignant principles of a purer religion, to pluck out all convic
tions that will nourish ill-blood. No ' barbarian memory of wrong ' should dishonor those
who keep vigils over the graves of such illustrious dead." And from the people all over
the nation — more particularly from the brave men who fought them — I hear an eamest
heartfelt " amen."
The incidents that occurred here during this Decoration Day would flll a book, and
would nowhere fail to find a chord of tender sympathy, even in the breast of an impla
cable foe. As we pass away silently, sadly, unconsciously "weeping with them that
weep" — see that mouming mother standing by the grave of her son! How sadly she
drops the flowers! Tears fall! Her face is buried in her hands! And, see! she has
fallen on the ground and kisses the very earth in her grief, calling to her son. Such
sights are all around us Let us go. Truly have they written over the archway at the
entrance " HBBB SLEEP THB BKAVE."
While at Hollywood we stand a moment at the side of the grave of President Monroe,
and hurriedly copy the inscription from his tomb :
"Jambs Monbob,
Born in Westminster, Va.,
38th April, 1768 ;
Died in the City of New York,
July 4th, 1831.
By order of the General Assembly his remains were removed to this cemetery, 5tii
July, 1858, as an evidence of the aff'ection of Virginia for her good and honored son."
And on the reverse :
" The eminent services performed by this patriot for his country are enduring monu
ments of his wisdom and virtue."
There are other spots of great interest here but we must hurry on. By the courtesy of
the City of Richmond, we are being taken to many points that have connected with them
much of history, and much that many now living can testify to of misery. At the close of
the day, the Editors gave themselves to their pens, and the next morning a multitude of
letters were sent North, descriptive and illustrative of scenes and events during a day in
Eichmond. To-day the excursionists visited Petersburg, a place abounding in incidents of the late
war.
fetehsbubq.
By the politeness of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Company a train of cars
was placed at our disposal, which took us to the renowned and once beleagured city
whose houses, churches, &c., are studded with marks of shot and shell sent over from the

The Pine and The Palm. 19
Union lines. I noticed one brick building with flve shot holes in its side— others with
four, three, two and many with one hole. The brick buildings struck with shot were
generally plugged with brick and mortar, but the spots were discernible. After a sump
tuous dinner at Jarrett's, Mr. Bishop, formerly of the Spottswood, proprietor, the best
hotel in the city, the party proceeded in carriages to visit the battle grounds. Passing
•one of the oldest burying grounds, we halted and walked through the solemn aisles of
the ancient dead. Some of the tombs were moss-covered and showed signs of great
antiquity. The ruins of what was once the renowned Blanford Church, built of
imported brick, still stand. The roof is kept good, but no timbers, doors or sash
remain. This relic of olden time was built two hundred and two years ago. Passing
on half a mile we came to the rebel lines of defence in the late war. The earth
works remain as when the surrender took place— except that the elements have worn
them down. The Federal lines were but a short distaiice oS', and in the place where
the great mine was dug by our forces and sprung, the contending parties were not many
rods apart — near enough to converse with each other, but which civilities were necessarily
carried on with "heads down" below the top of the breastworks. Our guide was Colonel
Rawlson, from Oswego, N. Y., now settled in Petersburg, a brewer. He kindly pointed
out to us the locations of both armies during the siege of Petersburg.
Returning to Richmond at six o'clock, P. M., we were the rfecipients of bountiful atten
tions at the counting-room of the "Whig offlce where were assembled the city editors, the
Mayor, and some of the principal citizens. After a friendly interchange of sentiments
and a jolly good time, we retired to our hotel with a vivid appreciation of the hospitable
attentions and noble-heartedness of our Virginia editors and Richmond citizens.

THE CHESAPEAKE AHD OHIO HAILEOAD,
After resting over night at Ford's Hotel, Richmond, our leader, Hotchkiss, escorted the
entire excursion party to the depot of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, where a special
train with two new coaches was in readiness, and we were at once comfortably seated,
and 'soon speeding our way. These coaches were built at the coilipany shops in Rich
mond, and wholly of material procured in Virginia. They will compare favorably with
our first-class passenger coaches on Northern roads, both as to beauty, flnish, and ease of
riding. Mr. J. N. King is the master builder there. The locomotive was driven by
Charley Taylor, with whom many of our Northern engineers are well acquainted, and
the train was under the management of Capt. (they call all conductors captain in the
South) Joseph Mallory, both of which gentlemen deserve and received the thanks of the
whole party for theur uniform courtesy during the entire trip from Richmond to White
Sulphur Springs and return. Superintendent A. H. Perry also accompanied the excur
sionists about forty miles on their way. Running over a well-ballasted road, at a dis
tance of two miles from Richmond, we passed a line of fortiflcations thrown up by the
Confederates at Mechanicsville, forming a semi-circle nearly a mile in length, and in the
distance was yet plainly visible the line which McCleUan fortifled, with the house which
he occupied as his headquarters, it being on the Chickahominy flats.
Peake's Station was the next point of importance passed. This was where StonewaU
Jackson's forces crossed the railroad in their vain endeavor to flank Little Mac. A short
distance from the depot, in plain sight, we passed the house in which the immortal
Patrick Henry was reared and where he died.
Ashcake, the next station, is in Clay Township, Hanover County, where Henry Clay
was born, and a portion of the little church is still visible where the great statesman
received his first lessons in Christianity.

30 The Pine and The Palm.
The next point of interest passed was Hanover Court House, where Patrick Henry ,
practiced law for many years, and where the Federal and Confederate forces met ;n
deadly conflict, with heavy loss on both sides. The old court house is still standing m
its primitive condition. An eff'ort was made a few days ago to remove it to some other
point, but the vote was almost unanimous against the movement.
The country through this portion of Virginia is charming to a superlative degree.
The land is very rich, and extensively cuUivated, with promising crops of wheat, rye, ¦
oats, potatoes, corn, and some clover. There is also an abundance of fruit of every
variety. Upon the farm of General Wickham, Vice-President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail
road, the crops were very beautiful and very promising. Near the railroad we saw a
large pile of green sand marie, which is used as a fertilizer, and is said to be the best and
the cheapest in any portion of the South. It may be obtained anywhere in that valley.
by sinking a shaft twenty or thirty feet deep, or hauled from tide water on the Pamunkey
river, a short distance from the railroad. It is composed of rich green sand and shells of
every description, in a decomposed state. Large quantities of sassafras root is obtained a
few miles north of the railroad at difi'erent points and shipped north. The mineral wealth
of Virginia cannot hardly be over estimated. At Tollersville we found ready for shipment
a large quantity of rich ore, consisting of about equal parts of iron and sulphurate of
copper. It is shipped to the Northern States, and principally used in the manufacture of
sulphuric acid.
Louisa Court House, sixty -two miles out from Richmond, the next station reached, was
a very pretty place, and the home of our estimable conductor, Capt. Mallory. It contains
about twelve hundred inhabitants, but has no newspaper, and we understood the people-
there and in the surrounding towns very much desired the establishment of a good '
weekly paper.
Trevilian, the next station, did not attract our attention only from the fact that it was
the scene of the cavalry fight between Sheridan and Hampton's forces.
Gordonsville, the next station reached, and the junction of' the Orange and Alexandria
and Chesapeake and Ohio Railroads, is an important point, though a small town in itself..
Upon the arrival of our special train we were surrounded with a swarm of old and young
negroes of both sexes, carrying large servers upon their heads, containing pies, cakes,.
chickens, boiled eggs, strawberries and cream, ripe cherries, oranges, tea and coffee, biscuit, ,
sandwiches, fried ham and eggs, and other edibles, which they offered for sale, though;
scarcely any of our party purchased aught but the berries and cherries, which were-
gobbled up quick, and the darkies were sent for more While out upon the platform in [
search of items we were lightly tapped upon the shoulder, and upon turning to see who our-
assailant was, we beheld an old schoolmate, whom we had not met in eighteen years. It
is needless to add that the meeting was a pleasant one, and from him we gained much
valuable information of the country thereabouts. On either side of the railroad skirting
Gordonsville is a magnificent strip of country, with the best farming lands to be found in.
Virginia, all under cultivation, with the most favorable and promising crops. Fruit is
also abundant in this locality, and we know that half of our party became nearly
foundered eating cherries and strawberries, but, happily, no serious results followed.
For a distanceof fifty miles, from Gordonsville to the Blue Ridge, we passed through the
Piedmont Country — the most delightful and picturesque portion of the South which we
visited. It consists of lovely valleys, now several miles in width, now narrowiiag as the
encircling hills seem almost ready to touch each other, and anon dividing into two or
more smaller valleys, with the gently rising hills, cultivated to the very tops, running
between. As we rode along on the southeastern slope of the mountain ridge, with these-
lovely valleys lying below us, dotted with green fields and orchards, and scattering.

The Pine and The Palm. 21
dwellings, we thought : " This needs only our Northern energy to build in these valleys
villages with their churches and school-houses and develop these lands, to make this as
perfect a paradise as can be found on earth."
Our next grand sight was the Chad win Mills, and we saw upon the side ofthe track the
walls of the old grist-mill owned and run by Thomas Jefferson during his lifetime. About
two miles distant, upon the summit of the South West Mountain, the train stopped, and
we had a good view of Monticello, once the home of Jefferson. It will be remembered
that Monticello was confiscated during the war by the Federal authorities, and subse
quently released. According to Jefferson's will a large portion of the property was to
revert to the Commonwealth of Virginia for educational purposes, and at the present time
there is a suit in the State Court to decide the legality of the question at issue.
THE HOME OP JEFFERSON.
Monticello, which is plainly visible from the railroad, is a grimmy but grand old Vir-
.ginian mansion. It faces to the westward and is surrounded by a thick grove of trees,
which hide portions of it from view. It is here that the author of the Declaration of Inde
pendence sought repose from the cares of excititing public life ; it was here, amid all that
is beaufiful in nature and calculated to lift mortal out from the errors and follies of earth,
and plant in him the highest patriotism and the purest love for the best of countries, that
the political principles of Thomas Jefferson were fostered and matured. The man is dead,
but the products of his pen and the impress of his statesmanship will live on as long as the
world stands and Republics endure.
Near the gateway, at the entrance of the grounds, is a modest tomb and on it an age-
scarred inscription to the memory of the sage of Monticello. There lie his ashes, and
" After life's fitful fevor, he sleeps -well."
The Rivani river, a small stream, flows gracefully along at the foot of the mountain, and
along its banks, a few miles to the west, we beheld the farm of Thomas Jefferson Randolph,
a grandson of Thomas Jeff'erson. CHARLOTTESVILLE.
We soon after arrived at Charlottesville and there dined. We were received there and
welcomed by Mayor William L. Cochrane, several of the Council, and members of the
press, among the number Mr. Foster, editor of the Tri- -Weekly/ Chronicle. We were at
once seated to a sumptuous dinner, to which we gracefully "pitched in" without further
-ceremony. Over the tables were six large fans, peculiarly constructed, hanging pendant
from the wall, which were propelled by a darkey stationed in the back kitchen. They
were excellent arrangements, however, beating Delmonico all hollow, and deserving of
this slight mention, because it was pure Southem ingenuity. The " Pike County Delega
tion " passed a vote of thanks for the fans, but forgot the landlord and his excellent dinner,
and the present of flve hundred cigars made by Charles C. Wortenbaker.-
Charlottesville is a pretty place, situated upon rising ground at the base of the South
West Mountain, contains abo«.t six thousand inhabitants, a woolen mill, a fertilizing and
flouring mill, a large cigar factory, a tobacco factory, a manufactory of agricultural imple
ments, and' various other minor branches of industry, besides the usual number of banks,
stores, hotels, and other places found in such a city. The soil here is also very rich,
tobacco being the staple crop, though flne crops of all kinds of cereals are produced. About

22 The Pine and The Palm.
a mile east of the depot we passed in plain view of the University of Virginia, which is now-
attended by about flve hundred students, and is a large, handsome building, with ™^S^"
ficent grounds. It contains a library of 35,000 volumes— the largest in the South. The
whole valley of the Shenandoah, through which we passed in broad daylight, is undoubt
edly the flnest country in the South. It was from this section that the Confederate army
drew most of their stores, and though the people were not disturbed and overrun with
battles, yet they are very poor from the large drain made upon them by their own army,
and business of all kinds is stagnant in consequence. Here, also, is a good chance for
Northern capital and industry. The best improved land can be had for from twenty
dollars to thirty dollars per acre, and there is none better, nor better climate, under the
heavens. Leaving Charlottesville, a few miles further on, we pass through the Blue Ridge Tunnel,
at an elevation of sixteen hundred and flfty feet above tide-water, and emerge from
thence into the most beautiful and picturesque portion of the Shenandoah Valley — mean-|
ing " the beautiful valley of the stars." At the eastern end of the Tunnel the train halted, '
and we were all allowed to quench our thirst from the finest spring we have seen.
The train was stopped at every point of interest along the route and Maj. Jed. Hotch
kiss, a brother of the Colonel, a gentleman who is well acquainted with the whole coun
try, pointed out the scenes of battles and various other points of interest. The editor of
the Daisyville Sledge Eammer, who publishes a newspaper about the size of a pocket
handkerchief and large enough to wrap up two pounds of cheese in, was one of the first
ones who reached the blue marie bed which adjoined the railroad track, and, for an
examination of which the train was stopped. The Sledge Hammer man commenced
poking over the shells with his blue umbrella in search of what he called "some of them
bones." Upon inquiry we ascertained that he was seeking the remains of an icthyosaurus,
but his efforts were not successful.

ARRIVAL AT STAUNTON.
From thence we passed on to the [beautiful city of Staunton, with nothing but the
beautiful country through which we rapidly passed to attract special attention. Arriving
at the latter place (the home of our worthy leader, Mr. N. H. Hotchkiss) we found car
riages in waiting at the depot, and were at once conveyed to the Virginia Hotel, kept by
two whole-souled gentlemen, Messrs. Frazier & Sale, who did the honors with becoming
grace and true Southem hospitality.
Mr. N, H. Hotchkiss introduced the President of the excursionists, Mr. C. B. Thomp
son, of New York, to the Mayor, after which his honor read the resolutions of the
Council, tendering the hospitalities of the city. He then introduced Hon. J. B. Baldwin,
who, in a very felicitous manner, addressed the party and a number of citizens of the
city, who had assembled in the HaU of the Virginia on the occasion. He opened his
remarks by stating that the world had not^inaptly been compared to a looking-glass. If
we approached it with a frown, a frown would be returned ; and if with a smUe, by a
smUe we would be met. He applied the metaphor to the occasion, and hoped the visitore
had come among the people of Virginia with a kindly disposition to see things as they
are, and to learn the true feelings of our people, by personal contact. His remarks
throughout were appropriate and to the point, and were heartily received by the visitors
and the audience.
Hon. J. H. Selkreg, of Ithaca, N. Y., was introduced by Mr. Thompson. That gentle
man entertained the audience for about twenty, minutes, in a very happily conceived
speech, abounding in beautiful metaphor and genuine good sentiment.

THE Pine and The Palm. 23
Hon. A. H. H. Stuart was called upon and made a few appropriate and befitting
remarks, and was followed by Mr. Hopkins, of New York.
Mr N. H Hotchkiss, after repeated calls, said he had previously addressed the audi
ence. After supper, the excursionists, in company with the Mayor, Judge Sheffey, Major
Jed. Hotchkiss, and a number of other citizens, visited the Wesleyan and Virginia Female
Institutes, and the Augusta Female Seminary. At each place they were entertained with
delightful music. At the Virginia Female Institute, Prof. Scharf read one of his favorite
pieces with great effect; and Miss Santeni, a little girl of about fourteen summers, daughter
of Col. Santeni, of New Orleans, declaimed the " Ode to the Passions," with such charm
ing expressiveness and artistic skill as to excite the wonder and admiration of the entire
audience. She literally met Shakespeare's idea of oratory, of " suiting the word to the
action, and the action to the word."
Here Col. Hotchkiss, with a father's natural pride, publicly introduced his editorial
guests to his charming daughter — a young lady with graces of heart, form and features
that may Well excite a fond parent's pride. The exercises in music, vocal and instru
mental, which followed, were very creditable indeed to the young lady performers, and
much too short, to our general regret.
Mr. Dony, ofthe Mauch Chunk (Pa.) Bemoorat, and Mr. Selkreg of the Ithaca Journal,
happily expressed the gratiflcation our party felt in the entertainment afforded us. But
the wHed display of beauty and accomplishments of the Virginia ladies rather unsettled
the theological views of the " honorable member for Chemung," for
He was "heard to remark
And his speech was quite plain,"
that he had changed his religion tliree times that evening !
About half-past eleven the excursionists returned to the hotel, highly pleased with the
evening's entertainment.
Saturday morning, at an early hour, carriages were ready to convey them first to the
Western Lunatic Asylum, and then to the Deaf and Dumb and Blind Institution. At
the former, they were cordially and politely received by Dr. Stribling, and his assistants,
Drs. Hamilton and Berkely, and by the Steward of the Asylum, Samuel A. Houshour,
Esq. They were conducted through several wards of the building, and were highly
gratified at the neatness, system and good order which distinguished every department
visited. The party were then conducted to the reception room, where a bounteous supply
of refreshments were spread before them, to which they every one did ample justice.
Thanks were returned by the President for the courtesy and attention shown the excur
sionists, to which a neat response was made by Dr. Stribling.
To the carriages again, which were driven to the Federal cemetery, in the vicinity of
the city. After spending an half hour there, the party were conveyed to the Deaf and
Dumb and Blind Institution. Here they were entertained by exercises in writing,
mathematics, geometry, drawing, music, &c., under the direction of Maj. Covell, the
principal, Capt. McCoy, Messrs. Job Turner and Bear, and Prof. A. J. Turner. The fire
company gave an exhibition of their expertness with the engine and hose, very much to
the gratiflcation of the visitors. They were then invited to the reception room, where a
refreshing repast awaited them. After partaking freely of this, compliments were passed
between the visited and visiting, adieus given, and the party again returned to the hotel,
where Messrs. Frazier & Sale, proprietors, and D. C. McGuffln, manager, had prepared
one ofthe most superb "Editorial Dinners" ever given in this or any other city in
Virginia.

34 The Pine and The Palm.
When this part of the entertainment was over, the party scattered, some to their rooms,
to rest from the fatigues of the day— others to see what was to be seen on the boulevards.
Some of them met with persons from their own States, and were much gratified to find
them pleased with the Southern country, and prospering in business. We were somewhat
amused at Major Horton Tidd, of the Elmira (N. Y.) Oazette, as he dropped into the store
of our neighbor Gladke. Seeing the sign and recognizing the name, (Mr. Gladke's father
and brother reside in Elmira,) he bolted in and asked if he was ofthe same family. He
received an affirmative reply, which was followed by question after question, as to his
business, etc. Receiving a satisfactory reply to all, he came to the conclusion that Staun
ton was not such a terrible place to emigrate to after aU.
It is these interminglings, and personal observations, which are destined to have greater
effect than anything else, in bringing about a proper understanding between the peoples of
the two sections.
The young ladies of the South are, with very few exceptions, beautiful, and we see no
sickly, ugly or consumptive-looking females, such as are to be found in all similar gather- ;
ings in the North. They dress in the most excellent taste and with remarkable neatness,
and we encounter none of the brassy-faced and over-dressed girls that confront one on ^
many such occasions at home. The young gentlemen, however, are generally rather ;
ordinary looking in comparison, and dress remarkably plain. The only dandy we
encountered in Richmond was a negro, and his costume was one eminently calculated to
strike terror among his African rivals, and to inspire' love in the susceptible female heart.
At 5 P. M. we leave Staunton for tho White Sulphur Springs, meanwhUe
CROSSING THE ALLEGHANIES.
The distance is ninety mUes, and the ride is one ever to be remembered for beauty of
scenery. Alongside pleasant little valleys, through and over mountains we go, untU at
Buffalo Gap we are 2,340 feet above sea-level — higher than the summit of the Blue Ridge.
We are on the North Mountain Range, having gone directly across the Shenandoah
Valley. Elliott's Knob, here at Buffalo Gap — a very narrow pass, is 4,44S feet high — the
highest ascertained peak in Virginia. It impresses us less because of our own great eleva
tion ; as we descend it seems to grow more and more lofty. This is tlie divide between
the Atlantic and the Mississippi. Iron ore is abundant here, and is worked by a Baltimore
compapy. Panther Gap marks the end of North Mountain, and the beginning of Mill Mountain
range. There are renewed appearances of thrift. This is the great grazing region of
the State. For a width of seventy-five miles the land is one natural pasturage, covered
with a rich growth of blue grass which never needs reseeding. Thousands of cattle are
driven in here every summer, by farmers of other localities, and are cared for through the
entire season for fifty cents ahead. The grazing is good, and the climate so favorable —
cool enough to keep away flies — ^the stock does capitaUy, often coming out in the fall flt
for the shambles.
The Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad has had gigantic difflculties to overcome. We
appreciate this fact more fully as we go on. In the course of its two hundred and twenty-
seven miles* the amount of fllling, cutting and tunneling accomplished is astounding.
Yet the work is well done, and the road is as smooth as any of our level Northern roads,
and is admirably managed. In time — when it is completed to the Ohio River — it will
* The Chesapeake and Ohio Eailroad is now completed to the Ohio Eiver, a distance of four hundred
and twenty-one miles, with twenty-six tunnels, and no trtetle work throughout its entire leugth.— Ep.

The Pine and The Palm. 25
form a through line, connecting much of the West with tide-water by a nearer route than
any other. That it will then prove a handsomely paying investment there is no doubt.
It is 9 P. M. when we sup at Covington, and as we leave there two of us romantically
minded, and wishing to take in the full effect of such magniflcent surroundings as are all
about us, mount the locomotive with the obliging engineer, Mr. C. 0. Taylor, for
A NIGHT RIDE ON THE ENGINE.
We have gone over two grades — one down and one up — of three hundred and eight feet
to the mile, and must duplicate the same, presently. For a brief while, however, we have
only the ordinary running to do. Ordinary? Stop ! We have never known even this,
before. It is a beautiful moonlight night, the air pleasantly bracing, just vagueness enough in
the ^.atmosphere to render landscape views shadow-like and strange. On the meagre,
cushioned seat of the cab we sit, opposite the engineer, looking out the narrow window
in front, and seeing continually before us a narrow winding way which we are to keep
or dash to utter ruin. There's a sharp curve ahead — what waits beyond ? Pull the rein,
good driver, or your steed will bolt the track — and then ? Off at the left — on our side —
there is a dark drop-down a hundred feet or more, and if we go off, —
But we look at the engineer — he sits as calmly as ever, gazing out upon the white light
the engine's lantern throws far forward, holding the throttle-lever in one hand with a sure
grasp. There is no slacking of speed — even before we know it the unpleasantly suggestive
point is passed, our steady task-horse never flinching, and we are gliding down the grade
beyond, saying earnestly to ourselves, " True, noble courser? bear us bravely on !"
And now we are in the very midst of the Alleghany Mountains, and peaks rise grandly
¦ heavenward on every hand. As we wind in and out among them, the moonlight
shadows shifting here and there add peculiar weirdness to the scene. Deep ravines, which
we look down into with a half-shudder, lie in pitch darkness beneath; the moon's rays
tip the great peaks to silver, and they stand out in striking contrast, thriUing with a
grandeur they could scarcely boast in the glare of day, grand as they are. And new
vistas of beauty break upon us every instant, as we career onward, — valleys in miniature,
reaching away into dimness, mountain-groups of varied feature, with a harmony of
grouping unusual, or an individuality hitherto unmarked.
So mUe after mile, tiU we come to the real up and down of it— or down and up.
There is a ravine, a regular divide, between two mountains, and we must flrst go down,
then up, the mountain side. An engine buUt on purpose for such heavy work, called a
" Climber," wiU help haul our train. It stands on a side track as we stop, and we see
that it has its tender on top, and appears a very nondescript of the locomotive order.
We slip our coupUngs, and our engine is free. Then hurrah for a down-hiU slide, with
the " Climber" and its load right in our rear ! The throttle is closed, but we shoot away
more and more lively, as we gather headway, and are leaving the bright head-Ught
behind. Down we go. into the shadows, and our train is lost sight of round a curve.
WiU it overtake us? Hardly. The descent is accomplished and our momentum carries
us on a good bit towards the up grade. Looking back we see the red glare of the
" CUmber," only not yet much more than a star, coming slowly downward. It grows
brighter and brighter,— a few seconds more and we hear the duU thunder of the train.
Louder and louder it resounds in the stillness ; the star has grown to a streaming beacon
rushing madly upon us. They must run over us, of a certainty !
"He's bound to run us down!" says the engineer, speaking of his confrere behind.
"What has the fellow done with his brakes?" and throwing the throttle open our driving

26 The Pine and The Palm.
wheels play round for a moment, then "bite," then carry us forward,— and the train stops
a few feet in the rear.
Then we climb slowly up the steep ascent, both engines puUing with a will, their
sharp, labored puff's ringing out clearly on the night air.
Reaching the summit level again our "Climber" switches off, and we steam on, through.
tunnels, (one over a mile long, and seven years in completing,) across gullies, and round
many sharp turnings, and about 11 o'clock we alight at
THE WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS.
In ante-war days this place was the Saratoga of the South. Then it was accessible
only by stages, yet it was gay with the flower of Southern aristocracy. Now that the
railroad opens it up to easy access it must again become highly popular, for its cUmate is
very salubrious. It is almost a-top of the Alleghanies, just over the line in West Virginia,
and enjoys rare purity of atmosphere.
Of the place itself there is next to nothing — we mean as a town. It is just a watering
place ; claims to be no more ; was ordained to be only that. One immense hotel, four
hundred feet in length by eighty feet in breadth, — a brick stracture not remarkable for
beauty of architecture, — surrounded at an agreeable distance by rows of white cottages,
each having its pleasant piazza, and overshadowed by the luxuriant foUage here so abun
dant; a sulphur spring of ample flow, with a white spring-house crowning it; a good
bathing establishment; a store and a millinery; and pretty reaches of lawn between
whiles, with little plateaus and terraces for variety — these make up the Springs.
Imagine these in the very center of an amphitheater among the mountains — a natural
basin possibly one mUe wide, with narrow openings on two sides — and you have a pretty
correct idea of the location. The entire valley comprises some eight thousand acres of
land, including the mountain sides adjoining, and is owned by a stock company. Messrs.
Peyton & Co. lease the Springs, and are prepared 'to accommodate two thousand guests-
The water is pleasant, and is highly recommended for various diseases. They have very
warm weather here in midsummer, at timesj but no matter how warm- the days, the
nights are always cool, and sleeping under blankets a luxury. We don't take this from
any outside testimony ; we prove it ourselves, in one of the snug cottages placed at our
disposal. The morning has dawned, the forest songster, in saluting the opening day, has softly
wakened the sleeper; the full round face of the sun soon appears above the neighboring
mountain peak ; the silvery vapor glides upward from the vale beneath, the fleecy clouds
are gone, and the dewy fragrance of the morning air invites to active exercise. The-
visitors now gather around the health-giving fountain, and after quaffing its waters, wend
their way to the morning meal. This over, the business of active enjoyment for the day
begins. The pleasant walks that penetrate the lawn and environ the grounds invite many to
healthful exercise. The billiard saloon, with its numerous tables, entices many votaries ;
the bowling alleys soon resound with the merry laugh of youth and beauty, and thus the
hours glide swiftly away ; while from another portion of the grounds is heard the clear,
keen report from the pistol gallery, telling how promptly Young America is preparing to
avenge his insulted honor.
The beautiful rides and drives-, with their glorious mountain and intervale scenery
attract some, while the quiet game, the alluring book, or the pleasant companion solace
many others. Thus they take no note of time, save from its loss, until the warning sound
of the dinner-bell rings forth the noontide hour, calling to prepare for the midday meal.

The Pine and The Palm. 37
Again the fountain is thronged, and then to the sound of rich-toned music, discoureed by
a well-trained band, the crowd, after the hour of preparation has elapsed, assemble in the
immense and weU-furnished drawing-room for a brief social reunion, before partaking of
the great meal of the day. Dinner over, the drawing-room again becomes the centre of
attraction. In this room, during the crowded season, are each day brought pleasantly
together a gay and richly dressed assembly, excelled in beauty, manliness and dignity by
no other crowd ever assembled within the broad limits of our common country Here
congregate the fairest of the fair from every State, and one can gaze, and gaze on beauty
untu the heart reels in its very fulness.
The company, wearied with converse or the promenade, retire to then- cottage homes, or
to the inviting shade of the wide-spread oaks, underneath which, in by-gone years, the
savage danced or the antlered monarch of the forest tossed his crest, now given up to the
happy crowd, who in genial converse while the hours away until the lengthened shadows
and the fragrant air again invite to the walk, the ride, the drive, or other active exercise.
Then is heard the summons to a social reunion at tea table, after which the spirit-stirring
music calls the young and the gay to the giddy whiri of the ball-room. Here pleasure
reigns supreme, the heart-toned laugh, the witty word, the amiable repartee, all teU that
those assembled here are just sipping the bubbles from the overfiowing cup of joy.
A good one was played on some of our party by that genial and whole-souled com
panion. Luck. He conceived the idea that the Republican Editors should have tangible
evidence of the existence of the " Ku-Klux." He routed out about a dozen of them at the
unseasonable hour of four o'clock Monday morning, and conducting them to a secluded
spot in an adjacent grove, solemnly apprized them that beneath the tufted grass at an
indicated point was deposited a bowl of blood from t'he last slaughtered aioUtionist!
" Drink ye all of it !" was the command ; and each being supplied with a straw went down
on all fours to imbibe from the bloody fountain. 'Twas quickly evident that the potion
was not unpalatable, for these inordinately blood thirsty rods had to be pulled away by
the heels. They pronounced the mixture a flrst-rate article of " Bumgarden " punch, and
showered blessings instead of curses upon the Southern Ku-Klux !
RETURN TO RICHMOND.
We have spent a Sabbath at the White Sulphur — have bathed in its waters — worshiped
in its little church^drank in the purity of its atmosphere — enjoyed true Southern hospi
tality at, the hands of the Messrs. Peyton and Luck — witnessed a thunder-storm among
the mountains— rambled about in the shady walks, as yet unfrequented, for " the season"
has scarcely begun — and now we begin our return trip to Richmond at 8 A. M., in our
special train, which stops obligingly by the way wherever we wish it, and we have an
opportunity to wonder by dayUght over the rare engineering skill, the indomitable pluck,
the unconquerable patience which combined to buUd the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad,
the Chief-Engineer of which was Colonel H. D. Whitcomb.
Those steep grades we saw by moonlight — the steepest in the country — are only tem
porary tracks. They are cutting, tunnelling and fllling for permanent road-beds, and
when completed the road will have no heavier grading than is experienced on almost any
Une. In the short distance of a little over twenty miles, there are seven tunnels of an aggre
gate length of eleven thousand feet. One of these tunnels is now being constructed, and
when completed will be three thousand nine hundred feet in length. The train was
stopped a few minutes, and we were given an opportunity to witness the magnitude of
the work and the modus operandi of blasting the hard rock. Shafts were sunk at three

28 The Pine and The Palm.
different points, and the drilling machines were worked by steam power. A large body
of men, mostly convicts from the State penitentiary, were at work in the various shatts
and at both ends of the tunnel, in blasting the rock and removing the d^ris to neigh
boring ravines. On this division of the road are several embankments of nearly one
hundred feet in height, one of one hundred and forty feet, and one stUl unflnished of one
hundred and eighty-flve feet. There are also flve bridges of an aggregate length of eight
hundred feet, and several large arched culverts.
The work is a marvel of engineering skUl, and is being completed with a thoroughness
not exceeded on any road in the country. In fact we have never traveled over a better
constructed raUroad than the Chesapeake and Ohio, and can recommend it as one of the
safest and most pleasant lines of travel in the United States.
Near Covington, while Gen. Averill, in the winter of 1863-64, was making a raid
through that section of Virginia, for the purpose of cutting the Chesapeake and Ohio RaU
road, he was suddenly attacked by a superior force on his flanks under Generals Fitz Hugh
Lee and Barly, and barely escaped capture, losing his saddle bags containing all his
papers and maps. Major Jed. Hotchkiss, (a brother of the Leader of our excursion party,)
and at the time a topographical engineer on Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson's staff, waa on
the train with us, and assured us that he had all the captured maps at his home in Staun
ton, and prized them highly. Lee and Early had matured their plans for the capture of
Gen. AveriU, and thought they were sure of their man, when he played them the slip and
escaped, much to their chagrin. By the way, we found Major Jed. Hotchkiss a man of
much intelligence, a most genial companion, and every inch a gentleman. We are
indebted to him for much valuable information in regard to the topography, soU, minerals
and industrial resources of Virginia. He is at present with a corps of engineers, surveying
the whole State by counties, and publishing maps thereof by authority of the State.*
After a short stop at Staunton, and a good dinner at the American Hotel, we again
pushed on, and without any incident of material interest, arrived at Richmond at nine
o'clock, P. M. Gen. WiUiams 0. Wickham, Vice-President of the road, and Maj. Ran-
dSalph, assistant engineer, were on the train, and showed us many courtesies on the trip.

OFF FOR GREENSBORO, N. C.
At four o'clock this morning we "took the cars for Greensboro', N. C, via the Richmond
and Danville RaUroad, special cars being furnished by that Company. The cars were
new and elegant, and were made at the Company's Shops in Richmond. Ninety miles
from Richmond is Roanoke plantation, where that eccentric and remarkable man, John
Randolph, lived and died. In his time this section of Virginia was much more sparsely
settled than now, and it took fifteen or twenty counties to form a Congressional district.
It was his boast that not a single newspaper was published in his district, and he looked
upon them as the great disturbers of the peace of the country. He was a bachelor, the
absolute lord ofa vast plantation, the owner of hundreds of slaves, and the autocrat ofhis
district. Highly educated, a man of rare ability and a polished orator, he attracted much
attention when in Congress, and though generally with the minority, exerted great
influence in the councils of the nation, friend as well as foe at times suffering from his
caustic satire.
* Since the ahovo was written Major Jed. Hotchkiss has made a visit to Etirope, under the auspices of
Virginia, and has returned, eff'ecting groat good for the State he represented. While there, he was
requested to deliver a lecture before the Society of Arts, of which the Prince of Wales is President, on
''Virginia aud her Eesources," and has received the rare compliment from that illustrious hody of
having his discourse pnblished iu their accredited journal. — Ed.

The Pine and The Palm. 29
Here we entered upon the great tobacco region of the State, where the flnest tobacco in
the world is raised. Several plantations were pointed out to us that could be bought for
ten dollars an acre, including the improvements, their owners being too poor to cultivate
them. Col. Decker, of the Hagerstown MaU, joined us here. He owns a flne plantation
within six mUes of Halifax Court House, and is devoting much attention to agricultural
pursuits. He assured us that there was no trouble in securing good negro help, if they
are only sure of their pay. Of this fact we were assured everywhere we went. There
are plenty, of lazy negroes just as there are plenty of lazy whites, who wUl not work if
they can avoid it ; but as a class, the negroes are wUling to work, and just like white
men wiU not toil unless they are paid for their services. The colored women work in the
fltelds side by side with the men.
As we approached Danville, we entered upon a beautiful but poorly cultivated valley.
Danville is situated on the Dan river, (the principal of the three rivers which form the
James,) and has a population of about four thousand. At ReidsviUe we were met by a
committee of reception from Greensboro, consisting of his honor Mayor Sloan, and Messrs.
Albright, Balsley, Bogart and CoUins, of the City CouncU, together with a large number
of private citizens. ARRIVAL AT GREENSBORO.
The train arrived ai the depot at 1.45 P. M., and on aUghting we found a large crowd
of people to receive and welcome us. After an introduction by the Mayor, P. F. Duffy,
Esq., editor ofthe Greensboro Patriot, addressed his Northem brethren in a neat welcome
speech, to which our vice-president, S. H. Parker, and Hon. J. H. Selkreg responded in
the happiest manner. A general shaking of hands took place, when a procession was
formed, ahd headed by a band from Richmond, we marched arm and arm with the
citizens of Greensboro to the Benbow House, a new and commodious hotel, not yet quite
completed. Ex-Governor Zebulon B. Vance was among the guests at the hotel, and we
were all duly presented to him in turn. He is a splendid looking man, and is without
fexception the most popular and influential politician in the State.
The Benbow House is a manifestation of new life for the old town. When fully com
pleted it will compare favorably with the best hotel edifices in any of our minor cities, in
point of size, beauty of architecture, convenience and finish. Its cost will be in the
neighborhood of $40,000. Evidently Mr. Benbow believes his town has a wider future
before it, else he would not invest so much in a way that, at present, can scarcely pay.
But he is one of the most enterprising men the town has, and deserves great credit for his
pluck and push. So fine a house as he has erected must do much toward general improve
ment. Mr. Benbow has a vineyard not far distant, and his tables show Catawba and
Scuppemong wines that are pronounced excellent by those who do not practice total
abstinence. Speaking of tables, brings us naturally to dinner, at which goodly things abound. The
citizens propose to make the most of our presence, and to that end have invited guests
from other portions of the State, so that we make up a respectable number. Most promi
nent among the guests is ex-Governor Vance, who makes a speech when the time ior
toasting arrives. His name has long been familiar to all. Those not familiar with his
face are surprised by his youthful appearance. His fuU, well-rounded face, his keen black
eyes, his thick, jetty locks, unmixed with the silver, tell no stories of long-continued public
service, of years spent in flery agitation. And yet he was in Congress before the war
broke out. He served in the fleld and in the executive chamber thereafter, and has been
in the furnace heat of reconstruction since.
In speech Govemor Vance is ready and eloquent. We can fancy that he might be vin
dictive, under provocation,— that he could utter terribly scathing words if flred by sharp

30 The Pine and The Palm.
thrusts, — that he might resent Ul-treatment with a resentment flerce and lasting. Bu
aftemoon he has only pleasant sentences. He welcomes us heartily on behalf of his w
State, and tells us to have no fear of the Ku-Klux. He claims that North CaroUna has
been misrepresented ; that disorder is no more marked there than in any other State ; a
public opinion concerning the matter has been built up on exaggeration. His speech
breathes a kindly spirit, and is followed by several others, from our hosts and our party,
and good feeling waxes warm.
Of the place historically we wUl not take time to speak. It has had a history in two
wars— look up your Revolutionary and CivU war records and you'll know all about it. It
is an old town, and, as we have remarked of something else since we started out, very
small of ita age. Think of a Northern viUage of three thousand inhabitants, buiU neariy a
century since, its buildings old, its trees of an ancient look, its streets without a sidewalk,
its general character, so far as appearances are concerned, of a very Rip-Van-Wmkleish
sort indeed, and you have Greensboro. Yet it claims the dignity of a city, and has its
Mayor, and we learn presently that though the town looks out of sleepy eyes, the people
in it are positively enterprising, thoroughly alive to the possibilities such an editorial
visitation may have for them, and determined we shaU carry away with us the pleasantest
recoUections. Our reception is hearty, and has the popular element in it. In proof of this see the
crowd, of all sizes and all colors, that has gathered about us here at the depot, and that
scatter handclasps around before the formal welcoming speech is made. There are hun
dreds of them, and they present an amusing study. After the formalities are over they
follow us through the sandy streets to the Benbow House, and a curious-looking proces
sion we form. The music of the band (which has accompanied us fi'om Richmond,
engaged by the Greensboro people,) attracts universal attention, and every Uttle darkey
within hearing distance has come out " for to see." Droll urchins they are, too, some of
them. If Beard could only group a dozen of them upon his canvas, catching the peculiar
expression of each, the effort would equal his happiest.

GRAND BANQUET TO THE EXCURSIONISTS.
At 3.30 P. M. we sat down to the " municipal dinner" at the Benbow, Mayor Sloan pre
siding. After due attention to the bounteous repast, toasts and speeches were the order.
To the sentiment — " Our Guests : We greet you, we welcome you " — Mr. Hopkins of the
Rural Home responded, his remarks, as well as those of ex-Governor Vance in reply,
faithfully reported by Mr. J. B. Walters of the Richmond "Whig, we copy from that paper,
as indicating the general sentiments of guests and hosts wherever public demonstrations
were had. SPEECH OF A. A. HOPEINS.
Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen of Greensboro :
I feel highly honored by being called upon to respond in behalf of my brethren of the
press, although I could wish that some one of the many older than myself were accorded
the task — some one who could do fuller justice to the occasion.
We have come among you, gentlemen, on an errand of peace. Speaking in the language
of our craft, we have left our " shooting-sticks" behind us ; and had we brought them they
could shoot nothing worse than " coin," which I think your people would hardly object
to. But, dropping phrases of the types, we have come among you as friends.

The Pine and The Palm. 31
At the outset our purpose in this excursion was largely one of recreation. This, how
ever, has taken on a difierent character as we have journeyed southward— has deepened
and intensified into a profound responsibility. We come from the rich rural districts of
New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and we shaU go home to teU the thousands
whom we daily and weekly preach to, of what we have seen and heard. We have
everywhere received most hearty hospitality. Virginia's brave sons have met us with
warm handclasps, in which we have felt the heart throbbing to the very finger tips; their
fair sisters have entertained us as only the most accompUshed could do. Leaving the
cold North to look for the summer, as I told some of my friends, we seem to have chanced
upon a summer of the heart, wherein all kindly affections do bud and blossom, and we
shall expect these will bear beautiful fruit.
The region of country we represent is one vast swarming place. Men are continually
going out from the great States of New York and Pennsylvania, in search of homes.
They go where their general interests may be best served, where they may buUd up social
life with all that is purest, best and worthiest.
WUl they come to North Carolina ? It is possible, because of what we may tell them.
Rest assured, gentlemen, that we shall speak of our observations in all honesty, with the
intent to deal justly by all. You want our money, our industry, our energy. It is pos
sible you may have somewhat of each, as the result of our visit to this place. We realize,
then, that the responsibility devolving upon us is not a light one, and I would impress
this truth even more deeply upon my brethren of the press. An impression has somehow
gone abroad that while the press is a mighty power, it is not always careful of the truth.
Now, I would have it ground into the common beUef that editors have consciences. There
is growing up in the world a mammoth tree of knowledge, the leaves ofwhich go rustling
down wherever civilization reaches — white winged leaves, speckled with little dots of
black, which tell wonderful stories. These leaves are the newpapers. They are found in
every home ; their stories have an auditory all over the land. And for this reason they
should be trtie stories, told not alone for the telling, but to make mankind the better and
the nobler, humanity more grandly human, individual interests more closely in sympathy
with the common weal. Such wUl be the character, I am certain, of whatever we may
publish conceming the South. We shall tell the truth as we see it, anxious only for the
general good, and hoping for the happiest realization.
In behalf of our delegation, gentlemen, I tender our heartfelt thanks for the welcome
you have given us. We come as fl:iends; you meet us as friends. And if it be our
pleasure to meet again on some future day, may we then strike hands as brethren of one
commoa country, happy in one common interest, grateful to one common God.
EX-GOVERNOR VANCE'S SPEECH.
Ex-Govemor Vance of North Carolina being then called upon, said:
Gentlemen of the Northern Press :
When I say to you, that I am happy to welcome you all here to-day, I do not use the
mere forms of courtesy, but speak the words of sincerity and truth. It is a happy idea
that has suggested this trip. It is said in Scripture, when the question was asked, can
anything good come out of Nazareth? PhiUp said, " come and see."
It is a happy thing for us that this corps of conductors of the pubUc press, the fourth
estate of the realm, acknowledged in times of civiUzation and Uberty to possess greater
powers for good or evil than any other institution in the land, shall see for themselves and
report accurately to their thousands of readers what they saw and heard in North
CaroUna. This occasion is also one of greater importance, for the reason that it is the

32 The Pine and The Palm.
first time since the war that we have received a visit of courtesy and friendship from the
people of the North. It is what the newspapers say of Vallandigham's platform, "a new
departure." Heretofore, we have been visited only by armed soldiers. This kind and
courteous appeal to our better feelings wUl not be without its fruits. We appreciate it
highly, and it wiU have far greater infiuenee in reconcUing the country than all the armies
and all the pains and penalties which can be imposed upon us. If we were not more
susceptible to kindness and concUiation than to force, we would not be worthy of the name
of freemen.
North Carolina has been singled out for criticism, for what reason heaven oaly knows, '
in an especial manner, within the last twelve months. - She has always heretofore been '
considered one of the most orderly and law-abiding of all the Southern States. The mis
fortune is that the exigencies of party politics have rendered it necessary that we should
wash our dirty linen in public.
From the pulpit, the press, the bench— from the stump and the Executive have gone
forth exaggerated accounts of every offence committed against the law in this State, and
each of them has been attributed to partisan purposes. From these sources the impression
has gone forth that we are a band of lawless barbarians.
Where are the communities where there are no violations of law ? It is certainly not in
New York, nor Pennsylvania, nor New Jersey. It is not in America. There may be
communities where the civil and political rights of all citizens are undisturbed ; there
doubtless wUl be a time when halcyon peace will brood over the whole land, and there
will be none to molest or make afraid ; but it will not be before the mUlenial trump sounds.
Now, sirs, a man cannot go out and rob his neighbor's henroost in peace, or maul his
enemy in old-fashioned style, without being accused of a design to violate the integrity of
the Republic. It is referred to at once as a desire to raise another rebellion. Why,
gentlemen the very idea of another rebellion by a people who have been so completely^
subjugated is absurd. It is true we have some disorders among us- — no reasonable man '
will pretend to deny it ; nor would any reasonable man expect anything else. I challenge
the history of the world to show where a people who have endured the horrors of such a
terrible civil war four long years, whose poUtical, social and moral condition had been
so completely upturned, whose wealth had been so destroyed, whose sons had been so
slaughtered, whose every feeling, sentiment and prejudice had been so trampled on, have
submitted to it all with so much quiet and so little of disorder. If you expect us to exhibit
more obedience and patience than we have, I am sure you pay us a compliment, which
perhaps you do not intend, for it attributes to us the possession of virtues which I know
you would not look for in your own people.
Again I repeat we are most happy to see you here to learn of these things for yourselves
" and not another." I am only sorry that you cannot go farther and slay longer, in order
that your information may be more complete and accurate. Of course, when we are
preparing to entertain visitors, we put our best foot foremost, and our households are
swept and garnished ; but there is nothing among us that we would not desire you to see.
A gentleman who preceded me assured you that the best wine had been kept for the
last of the feast, in alluding to his reception here. I beg to assure him that you are only
entering into the edge of the wine district, and that the further you go in North Carolina
the better.
Greensboro is an ambitious little city, and does very well considering all things ; but if
you will go with me ninety-five miles southwest of this to the city of Charlotte, to whidi
place my coUeagues and myself are authorized to invite you, in the county of Mecklen
burg, we will show you the natal spot of American liberty and independence. If yoH
desire it we will have the Ku-Klux-Klan ordered out in full force for your entertainment,
headed by the Grand Cyclops himself. (Laughter.) I can say for myself, and I believe

The Pine and The Palm. 33
for all the people of North Carolina, with sincerity and truth, that we desire, pray for,
agonize for, not reconstruction only, but reconcUiation with the people ofthe North.
You must remember that we claim as great a part in the past glories of the Republic as
belong to you. Remember that the people of North Carolina stood side by side with the
people of Massachusetts and New York in the " times which tried men's souls." Remem
ber that our soU is covered with battle-fields of that great Revolution, and its bosom is
fiUed with the dust of as many heroes and as noble who perished in that struggle as ever
gave their blood to the cause of Liberty.
There is no reason why, if you would give us a chance, we should not strive for the
honor and glory of the country as well as you. It only needs that we be truly reconc'iled.
It is not well for a people to continue strife after the contest is ended. It is not well for
one side to cherish exclusively traditions that would fill the other with rage or sorrow.
You have your heroes of the great civil war in whose praises we cannot cordiaUy join;
we have our heroes whose glories we sing, but there are common traditions and common
heroes who belong to the whole American people, in whose praises we can all unite.
Let us cherish these and meet on this common ground.
I propose to you this day in the name of the people of North CaroUna to assist in
inaugurating a state of affairs that shall lead to the complete reconcUiation and reunion of
our lately disunited and unhappy country. I propose to you that we should imitate
what is said to happen to the old, old man approaching almost to the grave, who, forgetting
the things of yesterday, sees again in all their vividness and sunshine the sweet scenes of
his boyhood, when, as a boy, his own and his little brother's feet pattered side by side
through all the paths of youth up to mature manhood, when their noblest and most sub
stantial victories were won. As to the bitter memories that divide us, let us bury them in
the grave forever, aye, forever.
Equally eloquent and eff'ective speeches were also made by Hons. D. B. Hill and J. H,
Selkreg of the Excursionists, and Hon. R. B. Dick, member of Congress for the Greensboro
district. After dinner we took a stroll through the city. It boasts a large and well conducted
Female Seminary, with spacious buildings and large and beautiful grounds. Within six
mUes is the scene of Greene's defeat in the Revolutionary battle of Guilford Court House.
Within twelve miles is that of Joe Johnson's surrender to Gen. Sherman, which virtually
closed the great civil war.
In the evening the young folks of Greensboro honored us with a complimentary ball on
the open balcony of the Benbow House. The beauty and fashion of the city were in
attendance. We made many pleasing acquaintances during the festivities — among them
we mention Mr. and Mrs. Adams, the latter a daughter of Hon. John A. GUmer; Mr. and
Mrs. W. S. BaU, both Northemers, and the latter a daughter of Dr. George P. Eddy, of
Lewiston, N. Y.— niece of Dr. Eddy, of Geneva ; Miss S  , a charming and beautiful
young lady, sister ofthe landlord's wife; Mr. T. B. Keogh, U. S. Register in Bankruptcy;
Alderman 0. P. MendenhaU, Messrs. Owen, Staples, Shober and others. At midnight a
most elegant repast was served in the dining-room, consisting of every delicacy in early
fruits, dessert and viands. The dance continued tiU nearly five A. M., but "tired nature"
compelled us to withdraw at a much earlier hour. The music was particularly exceUent,
and drew a large party of Usteners. The sabU community were especially enchanted by
it. The neighboring fences and trees were crowded with recently legaUzed "men and
brethren" of African 'scent, watching with intense interest the movements of brave men
and fair women in the mazes of the waltz and polka and intricate figures of the quadrUle
and lancers.
In the morning we look about the town for a few hours. We see that it is really grow
ing, somewhat; that its situation is pleasant, and that it wiU naturaUy grow more. In
3

34 The Pine and The Palm.
the outskirts there are some beautiful residences, and we visit the grounds of several. One
owned by Mr. Eckel occupies our attention longest. A rose-hedge is perhaps its most
striking feature— the bushes as high as our head, and crowned with a mass of blossoms
redolent of a flavor like that of the tea-rose. Several fig-trees are scattered about, with
fruit in all stages of growth, Jrom the flower to full size, and but a week short of ripening.
MagnoUas show their magnificent white bloom ; and here and there the blood-red of the
pomegranate flames out, in strong contrast.
There are a few Northern farmers within two or three miles of Greensboro. They give
us highly favorable reports of the soil's productiveness, and seem quite content with their
location. That they have done well is proof that others may succeed here. The people
invite in-comers, claiming healthfulness as not the least recommendation the locality
offers. Some Northerners settled in the town endorse this claim, and present good col
lateral evidence in their own persons. Northern ladies who come here flesh up rapidly,
and therefore the place may prove a Mecca to lean humanity of feminine gender.

RECEPTION AT DANVILLE.
At 11 A. M. on Wednesday, the 81st ult., we leave Greensboro and its hospitable citizens,
and about 3 o'clock P. M. reach Danville, Va., and take carriages for the Paxton House.
After renovating, and the storm providentially abating, we proceed in a body to the City
HaU, where a formal reception takes place in presence of a large crowd of citizens. Mayor
Cole presides. Major W. T. SutherUn, after kindly welcoming us to the city, proceeds to
enlighten us about matters upon which we are most anxious to be informed. He stated
that Danville was situated in the heart of the flnest tobacco-growing region in the whole
South, for which this city was the chief mart. He gave as the receipts direct from planters
during the last eight months 7,570,391 pounds ; value $898,993.80 ; or an average per 100
pounds of $11.87. He believed the receipts for the ensuing four months would aggregate
6,000,000 pounds. Seven warehouses are in use for storing and packing this staple. Major
SutherUn is President of the State Agricultural Society of Virginia, and gave it as his
candid opinion that the soil of this region was as well adapted to the growth of grain and
fruits as any in the North. His own fields have yielded over thirty bushels of wheat to
the acre, one hundred of corn, and he could show as heavy fields of clover and timothy as
ever waved under a summer breeze. The winters were so mild that cattle need to be
sheltered but two months in the whole year. Then the Dan river, with a fall of twenty-
five to thirty feet within one and half miles of the city, afforded ample ^and valuable water-
power for manufacturing purposes. His people invited immigration — lands were cheap —
from- three dollars to twenty dollars per acre — Northemers would be cordially received,
their opinions respected, their safety from violence guaranteed. " We want your experi
ence, your energy, your capital, and then Virginia may become the wealthiest, most
productive State in the Union.''
Brief speeches in response were made by Secretary Bunnell, Mr. Selkreg, and, (being
especially provoked thereto by the 6gg-o^^siica,\ allusions of the gentleman from Ithaca,)
by the member from Geneva.
We then visited Page's Tobacco Exchange, and witnessed a public sale of the weed .
Each lot brought in by the farmer was piled by itself, and the auctioneer, with a tongue going
Uke greased lightning, put up and knocked Off the staple to the highest bidder. The lowest
figures at which sales were made were $3.60 per 100 lbs. ; the highest, a very choice light,
velvety leaf, desirable for wrappers, brought $105 per 100. We were favored with a few
sample leaves of this last lot, which we brought home and left with Nat. Lee for inspec-

The Pine and The Palm. 35
tion. While a pUe is undergoing sale, the bidding manufacturers and speculators " go
through it" scattering it in promiscuous confusion about the fioor.
The municipal dinner in our honor was served at the Paxton House at 4.30, and as we
were obliged to leave at six, the speeches were short and pithy. The speakers from
DanvUle were Mayor Cole, Messrs. Atkinson, Grasty, and Staples; for the Excursionists,
Revs. Messrs. Robie and Ward, Messrs. McCall, Biddis and Gardiner.
At this point our train, through the kindness of the raUroad offlcials, took the character
of a "special," and we were rattled over the road on our return to Richmond at a lively
pace, arriving at 1 A. M. Thursday moming.
At 9 o'clock Thursday morning, carriages and omnibusses called for our party at Ford's
Hotel to enable us to visit various points of interest about the city, a committee of the
Richmond press and citizens accompanying us. We again passed the late mansion of
Jeff. Davis— The Medical College of Virginia, in Egyptian architecture— African Church,
where in old times political meetings of all parties were wont to be held — Wesleyan
Church, St. John's (Episcopal) Church, the flrst built in the city, and by contributions of
tobacco ; it is surrounded by a high brick wall ; 'twas in this ediflce that Patrick Henry
deUvered his famous speech inciting resistance to British tyranny and oppression, conclud
ing with the peroration so familiar to every school boy, " Give me liberty or give me
death." " Chimborazo " was pointed out to us, comprising a large group of low frame buildings,
whitewashed, which were constructed for and used as Confederate hospitals during the
war— now occupied by negroes. We halted upon Libby HiU, which commands a flne
view of the James river, which here forms an elbow. In the foreground is the navy yard ;
and in the stream opposite a number of vessels were blown up and sunk at the time of
the evacuation. Some of the hulks still remain as obstructions to navigation. At a point
about half a mile from us, on the opposite side of the river, is visible the frame of a gun
boat, the construction of which was commenced not long before the Confederacy coUapsed,
the means therefor being furnished by contributions of diamonds, jewelry, &c., by the
Richmond ladies. We resume our trip, stopping a moment to visit the old Libby Prison,
now used as a manufactory of sumac used in tanning morocco ; passing Henrico County
Court House, the ruins of the extensive conflagration of '65 ; Washington's headquarters,
(a stone buUding on Main street, which has undergone but little change since it echoed
to the voice of its distinguished occupant;) visiting for a few moments the Tobacco
Exchange ; passing a mammoth flouring mill which has the capacity of turning out fifteen
hundred barrels per day ; thence up Franklin street, the most beautiful and aristocratic
street in the city; the residence of General Lee was pointed out, a three-story brick
hetween 7th and Sth streets ; passed Monroe Park, a new but in time will be a beautiful
promenade ground ; opposite one corner of this park stands the residence of Col. Ordway .
of a Massachusetts regiment, and flrst provost-marshal of the city under General Grant's i
occupancy. It seems the gaUant Union soldier surrendered at last — to the charms of a Virginia
lady. A few rods further ride brought us to Hollywood Cemetery. We had time only '
for a hurried walk through the grounds, which are beautifully laid out and adorned with
fine forest trees and native shrubbery. We noted most particularly the monument to the
Confederate dead — a plain Egyptian shaft, constructed of a lightish gray stone laid tn
irregular courses, fifty feet square at the base and ninety-three feet high. We lingered a
moment at the tomb of President Monroe ; not far from which is a Uttle grave with small
plain headstone with this inscription :
"Joseph, son of our beloved President, Jefferson Davis— erected by the Uttle boys and
girls ofthe Southern Capital."

36 The Pine and The Palm.
We Observed the last resting places of Generals A. P. HiU and J. E. B. Stuart— both
distinguished offlcers of the Confederates during the war until they met their death.
Neither grave is marked by any monument. A large tract in the cemetery, lying nearest
the city, is the "Potter's Field" for Confederate dead, with its thousands of untimely
graves made in a "Lost Cause."
Beyond the cemetery appear the old barracks occupied by the Union forces whUe
Richmond was in military possession of Gen. Grant.
Returning, we pass the State Penitentiary with its whitewashed walls — nineteen of its
every twenty inmates being negroes.
At precisely 13 o'clock we arrive at Zetelle's— the Delmonico's of Richmond— the place
and hour appointed for the complimentary banquet. On stepping from the carriage we
are tapped on the shoulder, and turning behold "in the flesh" our old townsman, Doctor
Beattie. A cordial shake of the hands, a few hurried inquiries by him of old Geneva
acquaintances, as hurriedly answered — regrets by the Doctor that he had not met us
sooner, and been thus enabled to extend the hospitalities of his home — was all the inter
view afforded, for the feast was spread, hosts were waiting and time pressing. The Doctor
holds age remarkably well. GRAND BANQUET AT RICHMOND.
After half an hour spent in introductions and an interchange of civilities with the gen
tlemen of this city there assembled, they were ushered into the dining-saloon. Here was
spread a most bountiful collation, the table fairly bending beneath the weight of seasonable
delicacies served in Zetelle's inimitable style. It is unnecessary to give the bill of fare.
Suffice it to say that New York and Norfolk had contributed their choicest edibles, while
Richmond and the country south of us had been stripped of their best viands to make the
repast worthy of the occasion.
At the head of the table were seated Mayor Keiley, and Mr. Thompson, editor of the
Le Roy (N. Y.) Gasette and chairman of the Editorial Excursion Party. On their right
was seated Gov. Walker and Col. McDonald, Secretary of the Commonwealth ; on their
left were ex-Governor Wells and Mr. S. H. Parker, of the Geneva (N. Y.) Gazette. Gol.
Wm. S. GUman presided at the foot of the board and called the assemblage to order.
ADDRESS OF WELCOME.
Mayor Keiley then delivered the following remarks by way of Welcome to the gentle
men of the Northern press. They were received with much applause :
I have the pleasure, gentlemen, of cordially welcoming you to our fair city, and of
invUing you, on behalf of the people of Richmond, to do justice to the hasty entertainment
to which the shortness of your stay conflnes us. We hope that your hurried trip to our
State may have favorably impressed you with its many advantages of climate, soil and
production, and may have proved a source of pleasure to each of you ; but far more
earnestly do we hope that it may be of service in breaching that wall of unfounded preju- ,
dice which has unfortunately divided this people for so long a period — a prejudice under
which the hates and animosities of war have survived for more than six years the advent
of peace — and that from this and similar intercourse between the sections as they
unhappily are called, the people of both may learn to know each other better and in that
better knowledge may rebuild the temple of their common liberties on the solid and
impregnable foundations of justice and fraternity, making it a shrine worthy of the
immortal memories and the sure and brilliant destiny of our common country.

The Pine and The Palm. 37
God grant that the subtle — I might almost say sacred — influence, which inspires even
the desert Arab with a feeUng of brotherliness toward the stranger who breaks bread
beneath his tent, may avail to raise kindred emotions among us who should not be
strangers, and that these and like comminglings may hasten the advent of that bright day
when, as in the glorious past, the cause of one commonwealth was the cause of all ; when,
save in generous devotion to the rights and Uberties of every citizen, there was no rivalry
between your mother and ours — between New York, the State of the First Constitutional
Congress, and Virginia, the State of the First Constitutional President.
An hour having been spent in the discussion of the collation, and glasses having been
fllled. Mayor Keiley again rose and proposed the following sentiment: "The health,
prosperity, and safe return of our honored guests."
Mr. Donay, of Pennsylvania, responded most eloquently. He spoke enthusiastically of
the reception that he and his friends had received on this trip. They had come expecting
to pass through the country as quiet travelers ; they had been treated as honored guests.
They had come, some of them, actually armed, for fear of the Ku-Klux, and they were,
every man of them, going back heavier than they were when they left home. They would
retum full of love fortheir Southem brethren, regarding them asfriends, and witha sincere
desire for their prosperity. The men of the North and the men of the South are no longer
in conflict, and if thcy commingle oftener a war cloud will never arise again. [Applause.]
In conclusion, he said : "Gentlemen of Virginia, we have only to say, grand as your
hospitality is, we can equal it. If you don't believe it, come and see." [Applause.]

THE GOVERNOR CALLED OUT-HIS SPEECH.
The band then played "Carry Me Back to Old Virginia," after which a gentleman from
New York (whose name we were unable to catch) proposed the health of the Governor of
Virginia. Govemor Walker promptly responded, and was greeted with loud chers, while
the band played "Hail to the Chief." After this demonstration ceased, the Governor spoke:
He said he had not come to this entertainment with an idea of making a speech, but simply
to say to our honored guests that he was glad to meet them on the soU of Virginia. He
was glad to see them for more reasons than one. He would name two : First, because they
were the representatives of the noble State on whose soil he flrst saw the light of day; and
second, because it was his privUege to welcome them on this soU, where flrst beamed the
light of liberty on the American continent. He wished to take them by the hand and con
gratulate them that they had escaped the clutches of the Ku-Klux, of which they had heard
so much. [Laughter and applause.] "And now," said he, "I hope you wiU, every one
of you, go home and teU your fellow-citizens how Congress has humbugged you about the
Ku-Klux." ["WewiU!"] "Have you seen any in Virginia?" ["No!"] "No, I am sure
you have not. Virginia is a law-abiding State, and challenges comparison with any ofher
sisters, even great and noble New York."
' The Governor agreed with the last speaker that all the people of this country need is to
know one another better. We are sprung from the same glorious Anglo-Saxon stock: we
speak a common language ; we have a thousand common ties. Had we known each other
better in the past the flelds of Virginia would not to-day be drenched with blood, or her hills
be covered with the bleaching bones of a patriotic soldiery. There would have been no
war; there would have been no disunion. Our great object now should be to see more of
each other, and labor together for the buUding up of a great nationality on the westem
continentia nationality more noble, more powerful, than ever before existed, so that every
man following the example of the old Roman, and with equal pride, might say, "I am an
American citizen." [Great applause.]

38 The Pine and The Palm.
In conclusion, Govemor Walker again expressed his pleasure at seeing before him so
many of the framers of public opinion in three of the great Northem States, and hoped
that they would carry -with them to their homes the most pleasant recollections ofthe Old
Dominion. He then proposed: "New Jersey — Once out of the Union, but now support
ing the Keystone of the arch in making the Federal Union what it ought to be."

REMARKS OF GOVERNOR WELLS.
The Chairraan called upon ex-Governor H. H. Wells, of Virginia, to respond to the
sentiment just uttered. That gentleman, taking the floor, said he was at a loss to know
why he was called upon.
Gov. Walker— I thought the gentleman was a native of New Jersey.
Gov. Wells— No, sk ; I am a native of New York, Uke yourself. But it is a pleasure
and an honor, Mr. Chairman, to be required to represent any State so true as Uttle New
Jersey— the smaUest State save one in the Union. She oan always be depended upon.
The speaker then followed the line of argument marked out by his predecessors, urging a
more thorough commingling ofthe people, North, East, South and West. We must have
this, or give up our present form of government. He then related an incident coming
under his observation within the last few days, showing how animosities were being for
gotten and a better feeling springing up between the friends ofthe blue and the friends ofthe
gray. A few weeks ago the people of this city had turned out almost to a man to spread
their floral tributes on the graves of those who, clad in the gray, fell in defence of the cause
they believed to be just. One day this week a portion of the same people had repaired to
the National Cemetery and decorated the mounds beneath which sleep those who wore
the Union blue. On this occasion a lady of the South — and proud should be the place of
her nativity — ha-vdng had charge of the distribution of flowers on Confederate memorial
day, sent a message to the officers of the Grand Army of the Republic, asking whether a
few flowers would be acceptable for this second decoration. The offer was accepted, of
course, and this kind lady of the South sent — not a few — but eight bushels of flowers to be
strewn on the graves of the Federal dead. [Great applause.] He thanked God for such
examples as that. They were worth more than a hundred speeches. They come from
the heart and go to the heart. Before taking my seat, gentlemen, I propose : "New York
— the greatest State in the world."
Mr. Keiley — Except Virginia.
Gov. Wells — No, sir, not except Virginia ; for hasn't New York given two Governors
to Virginia^Gov. Walker and your humble servant ?
Col. Gilman — Three ; Gov. Johnson.
Gov. Wells— Oh, I forgot Gov. Johnson. Thank God for Johnson. Mr. Chairman, I
propose "The great and noble State of New York."
Hon. J. H. Selkreg, of Ithaca, N. Y., was caUed by President Thompson to respond to
this sentiment, who discharged his duty handsomely. He and his associates could hardly .
flnd words to express their appreciation of the cordial reception they had met wherever
they had been on this tour. The hospitaUty extended them had been of the most enlarged
sphere, increasing from point to point, until it knew no bounds. His friend. Gov. Walker
—for he could caU him friend, as he had only a few years ago been admitted to the practice
of law in his vUlage— his friend, the Governor, had spoken of the Ku-Klux. They had
met the Ku-Klux. It was Virginia hospitality against New York and Pennsylvania
stomachs; and the stomachs had conquered, as his friends Robey and Thompson could
testify. Mr. Selkreg is a fluent speaker, and was frequently applauded.

The Pine and The Palm. 39

OTHER SENTIMENTS AND SPEECHES.
Toasts were then given to the " Press of Richmond," and Col. WiUiam S. Gilman
responded in his usual happy style.
Col. Thomas H. Wynne briefly and pleasantly responded to a sentiment to "Virginia
HospitaUty," and proposed by way of rejoinder: " Our Guests — Never had hosts more
agreeable company."
Mr. Hopkins, of the Rochester Rural Eome, made a sensible and effective speech in
answer to the last-named toast.
Mr. Robey, of the Buffalo Courier, proposed the health of Col. N. H. Hotchkiss, the
great presiding genius of the excursion, and that gentleman answered the loud calls upon
him in a few remarks. He asked them if he had fulfilled his promises, and by way of
answer there was a unanimous aye.
Mr. Biddis, of the Milford (Pa.) Herald, proposed the ladies of Virginia and North
CaroUna, and called upon Mr. Parker, of the Geneva (N. Y.) Gazette, the "ladies' man of
the party," to speak for them. Mr. Parker did so in a humorous vein, but soon digressed
to speak in praise of his entertainers. He said he had seen the Ku-Klux. Their hea-yy
arms were juleps, and their light arms were champagne cocktails. They had been shot
in the neck. They were alive though wounded, and would go home and tell the story to
their friends. Their party embraced representatives of all parties and denominations.
Some were Republican in politics, some were Democratic in politics, and a few did'nt
have a darned politic. But they were all agreed in the opinion that Virginia hospitality
cannot be surpassed.
To the sentiment "Virginia, the Mother of States and Statesmen," Mayor KeUey
requested Judge Beverly R. WeUford to respond. The Judge proved himself equal to the
task of placing the Old Dominion in a proper light before our guests. He spoke with real
eloquence, and was loudly applauded. When he concluded, the band played "The
Bonnie Blue Flag."
Mr. G. W. James was called out by the Pike County Delegation, and made an appro
priate response.
The chairman then proposed a fitting sentiment to conclude the entertainment, " Chris
tian charity as exemplified here to-day, and as it should be exempUfied throughout the
land." Rev. Dr. Edwards responded most happUy, making what many considered the speech
ofthe evening.
The festivities were closed by singing "Auld Lang Syne."
DEPARTURE.
The coUation over, Garber's omnibusses were again caUed into requisition, and con
veyed the whole party to the York River depot, Kessnich's band, which furnished such
excellent music at Zetelle's, playing an appropriate parting air. We arrived at the
dqx)t in time for the three o'clock P. M. train, and as the cars moved we took our final
leave of the city of hiUs, and of its people, and with cheer after cheer, got under way
for West Point, Va., at the terminus of this road, and the head of navigation on York
river. We had now finished our wanderings in Virginia, and were headed for home.
We cannot too cordially commend the Richmond and York River Railroad Line. Its
charges are moderate— its accommodations superb. Of the two boats— the "State of Vir
ginia," Capt. Freeman, the "Admiral," Capt. Reybold,— both are new, both well officered,
and on both the passenger is as comfortable as if he were beneath the roof of the Eutaw

40 The Pine and The Palm.
House or the Fountain Hotel. The attaches are polite and accommodating, and last but
not least, the charges are extremely moderate. The raUroad with which these boats con
nect is under tlie superintendency of Capt. Wm. N. Bragg, than whom a better raUroad
man it would be difflcult to find. It is as smooth as glass, and as firm as a rock. The
passenger glides over its rails without a jar or jostle, and feels a consciousness of safety ^
Which such efficient management cannot faU to inspire. The traveUng agent, as already j
intimated, is Major N. H. Hotchkiss, a man now as famiUar to the American public as
Governor Bowie or John W. Garrett, and one who is emphatically "the right man in the
right place."
On our way up the Chesapeake Bay in the steamer Admiral, two boxes were brought
upon deck and opened, one of which proved to be from the White Sulphur Springs, con
taining bottles of delicately flavored wine, and the other from the flrm of A. M. Lyon &
Co., of Richmond, fllled with most excellent smoking tobacco, a half pound of which was
presented to each of the Excursionists. BALTIMORE.
The approach to Baltimore up the Patapsco is by a somewhat tortuous channel, which ,
however is well deflned by buoys. The river is fairly alive with vessels going into and
coming out from this great commercial mart— a city enjoying direct trade communication
with every country of the habitable globe.
On returning to Baltimore we took quarters at the St. Clair Hotel by special invitation of
its generous proprietors. This hotel is situated in Monument Square, immediately facuig
the beautiful monument erected to commemorate the bombardment of Fort McHenry by
the British in 1814. The Hotel is kept by Gilmour & Sons, who are also lessees and managers
ofthe Eutaw House, another flrst class hostelry ofthe city. The St. Clair is fltted up and
furnished in magnificent style, and its tables will compare favorably with any in the land.
The Messrs. Gilmour have an exceUent, polite and affable manager in the person of Mr.
H. H. Fogle,* to whom the Excursionists are under deep obligations for courtesies extended'.
The bill of fare for dinner was headed "Complimentary to the Editorial Excursionsts,"
and embraced most palatable selections from the productions of the North and South.
At this feast we were favored with the presence of Mayor R. T. Banks. He is a highly
intelligent, dignified gentleman, strongly attached to his native city, and entertains a
natural, justifiable pride in her growing greatness and prosperity— which being the subject
of the first toast, brought him to his feet in a speech, brief but eloquent in praise of the
Monumental City. He expressed sincere gratification over the visit of so many Editors of
the North, and trusted it would lead to better and more cordial relations between North
and South. Mayor Banks is emphatically conservative or democratic in his views, as
indeed are nine-tenths of the white people of Baltimore.
The press was fully and ably represented, and several complimentary toasts and speeches
were exchanged. Of our party, Messrs McCall of Bath, Biddis of Pa., Richardson of '
Lockport, acquitted themselves very creditably; whUe those who represented Baltimore
were exceedingly happy in their responses.
A shadow crept over our company by the indisposition and absence of our generous,
faithful and devoted guide. Col. N. H. Hotchkiss. The two weeks incessant strain upon
his physical and mental faculties in attending upon and pro-viding for us, had broken down
.even his robust constitution He was placed under the care of a physician, who prescribed
rest and undisturbed quiet, as his nervous system was chiefiy affected.
*It pains us to he compelled to add, that Mr. Fogle has since passed away regretted of all who knew
him. — Ed.

The Pine and The Palm. 41
After dinner, by previous arrangement, some twenty-five of our party were taken in
•charge by Edward Potts, Esq., (Secretary of President John W. Garrett, of the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad Company,) and at the latter's invitation, conveyed in carriages, by a
long drive through the city, to the extensive machine and workshops of the company at
Mount Clare. From thence we were taken to Locust Point, where were located the ware
houses and wharves of this corporation. From one of the warehouses we were conducted
up the gangway and on board the steamer " Liepzig," an iron-sheathed vessel of 3,500 tons
burthen, buUt at Greenock on the Clyde, by the North German Lloyd Company, and
constituting one of the line from Baltimore to Bremen direct. The Liepzig has accommo
dations for seventy-five cabin and eight hundred steerage passengers. We were received
in a very cordial manner by First-Officer Charies Pohle, a genuine Teuton, who afforded
us opportunity for a thorough inspection of the vessel. In the cabin we were hospitably
entertained, and over the sparkling goblet toasted everybody and everything connected
with the Baltimore and Ohio RaUroad, and the Baltimore and Bremen Steamship Line.
We retumed to our hotel at six o'clock, feeling under lasting obligations to Mr. Potts
for the agreeable and entertaining manner in which we had passed the afternoon.
As we are about to bid adieu to the gentieman to whom we are all indebted for this
magnificent excursion, a brief sketch ofhis life will not be out of place ;
Major Hotchkiss was born in Windsor, Broome County, N. Y., on the third day of Decem
ber, 1819. He worked on a farm until twenty-one years of age, when he started on foot to
the head waters of the west branch of the Susquehanna river, at the corner of Cambray,
Clearfield and Indiana counties, Pennsylvania, settiing at a place caUed Cherry Tree,
then a wilderness. He there tended sawmUl for Mr. Bradley WaUer. In the spring of
1843 he went down the river to Marietta, and returned into Tioga county. Pa., where he
tended sawmill for Major Seth Daggett, who by the way is still living, hale and hearty, at
the age of ninety-three years. He thence went to the Delaware river, five miles below
Deposit, where he built a double sawmUl in the howling wUderness.
In 1849, he bought a farm directly in front of his sawmill, from which he gave to the
New York and Erie Railway Company the first acre of land it ever received as a gift.
Colonel Asher Tyler, of Elmira, N. Y., now living, was at that time the company's general
land agent. At the point mentioned, Major Hotchkiss built a flourishing village named
Hale's Eddy, on the Delaware Division, and was from that time until 1859 an agent of
the Erie Railroad Company, putting up all that company's buUdings there. He was at
the same time engaged in farming, lumbering and merchandizing. In 1859, Major Hotch
kiss sold his property in New York and removed to the State of Virginia, having previ
ously made a visit to a brother there in 1856, during the exciting campaign of Fremont
and Dayton, whom he enthusiastically supported in Virginia as in New York. At the
time of this visit he spent six weeks in Virginia, and was so warmly welcomed by all,
and hospitably entertained at every point of his visit, and also^so thoroughly charmed by
the magniflcent scenery of the beautiful Shenandoah, ^le fertility of its soil, and the geni
ality of its climate, that he at once came to the conclusion that if he ever left his native
State, it would be to flnd his future home in Virginia. The time came sooner than antici
pated, and he has never regretted the change. As a citizen of Virginia he has always met
with the same cordial treatment as when a visitor, and his .'love for Virginia and her
people has grown stronger with his growing knowledge of them. He has never heard of
a" settler's regretting that he cast his lot among the people of his adopted State, providing
he came to identify himself with them and was a true-hearted man.
Major Hotchkiss was a thorough anti-secessionist, fighting it with all his native energy
until Virginia seceded, when like many another honest man he cast his lot with her,
determined that her future should be his. The war came on. It may not be generaUy
known that as late as 1863 President Jeff. Davis issued circulars offering safe conduct

42 The Pine and The Palm.
through the Unes to aU Northerners who could not identify themselves with Virginia, but
such is the fact, and Major Hotchkiss received three of them. But he never was a man to
shrink from any course which he thought it his duty to pursue and he nobly met his fate.
During the long struggle which foUowed he did not enter the service on account of broken
health, but he did aid Virginia in every way possible, and at the close of the war found
himself stripped of everything. Recovering somewhat of his health in September, 1868,
he accepted the position of traveUng agent of the Chesapeake and Ohio, and Richmond
and York River Railroads, which position he has since held. During all this time,
actuated by the purest and most patriotic of motives, he has labored night and day to
bring together the people ofthe North and South, and the recent Editorial Excursion was
the fruition of his hopes and labors for two long years. His idea (and it is a good one) is
that the people of these different sections have only to know each other better to loye each
other well, that the people of the North have only to know the noble old State of Virginia,
as it is, with all its wonderful attractions of climate, soil and mineral wealth, to turn the
tide of emigration within its borders. He is proud and happy to say that the Chesapeake
and Ohio Railroad which completed will be to Virginia what the old Erie and New York
Centiral RaUroads were to New York twenty years ago, has been furnished Us capital by
his native State, New York, and New Yorkers are therefore deeply interested in its
welfare. Mr. Hotchkiss hereby extends a cordial invUation to farmers, mechanics, capitaUsts,
every body to come to Virginia, buy and tUl her lands, build schoolhouses and develop
her infinite resources, assured that they wiU thereby not only make Virginia the foremost
state in the Union, but that they wiU make for themselves homes as beautiful as earth can
boast, and acquire a competence for their declining years.
We cannot more appropriately close this notice, which is all too briel to do anything like
justice to our noble guest, than by copying the graphic personal description written by
Chaplain Robie of Buffalo, as follows :
"Our Colonel and conductor is a singularly made-up genius. In physiqne he is the
pattern of a man, symmetrical and well proportioned ; while in manners he is rough and
sometimes a little uncouth, yet possessed of so many popular and winning ways that the
exceptions are overwhelmed and lost to view. But it is his soul which makes him noble.
He has a spirit as sweet as a mother's love, and a heart as kind and gentle, and we believe
as honest as ever beat in a human bosom. Such an one is the Ufe of our company, never
tiring in attentions, and ever laughing, and, like our President, ever smoking. The last-
weakness is blown away by the generous impulses of his noble nature."
Early in the evening we were permitted a parting interview with our noble leader
All assembled in the spacious parlor Of the St. Clair. Mr. Hotchkiss was brought in and
seated, showing marked signs of physical exhaustion. In behalf of his deeply indebted
editorial brethren, Mr. Hopkins of the Rural Home addressed him in a few fitting words of
thanks for his conception of this grand Editorial Excursion, for the pleasure all had experi
enced in the trip under his leadership — and in concluding, and saying the "farewell,"
presented him a magnificent gold watch and chain, the joint contribution of his indebted
friends, as a slight token of their gratitude and esteem. The estabUshment was valued at
$300 — was purchased of Geo. W. Webb & Co., 185 Baltimore Street, (a firm recommended
by the proprietors of the Baltimore Sun,) the case bore the following inscription:
"Presented to
N. H. HOTCHKISS,
By his Friends of the Editorial Excursion,
June 2, 1871."
With this was also presented an album containing the autograph of each and every one
of his guests, the donors.

The Pine and The Palm. 43
Colonel Hotchkiss received the beautiful testimonials with deep emotional feeUng and
words of kindness, promising a lasting remembrance of the givers.
After tea another meeting was held in the parior, at which resolutions were adopted
thanking the Mayor and Press of Baltimore and others who had shown us civilities, and
the Messrs. Gilmour & Sons and Mr. Fogle of the St. Clair for their generous hospitaUty.
AU then joined hands, Mr. Hopkins presiding at the piano, and sang "Home, Sweet Home,"
the Doxology, "Praise God from whom all blessings flow;" alter which Rev. Mr. Robie
pronounced the benediction, and the Editorial Excursionists to Virginia and North
CaroUna as an organized body adjourned sine die.
In leaving Baltimore none ofthe party could part with the sunny cUme without at least
a littie feeling of regret. We are leaving the boafders of a delightful habitation, where the
sweetest flowers are in full blossom, the roses already casting their petals, the orchards
reveaUng their almost perfect fruit, and where the sunset lingers far into the evening.
This blooming paradise, these ripened fields and glowing harvests we leave behind and
seek our Northern homes, where the tender blossoms are just opening, where the sunlight
waits to kiss away the fragrance of the half-budded rose and to wann inlo strength and
maturity the slender, growing, stalk and tender fruit. The change is wonderful and
inspires the observer with an idea of the transition a few days travel can bring.
We all bid adieu to the South with kinder feelings towards its inhabitants, a better and
far more exalted idea of Southern hosy)itality, and a new confidence, in their desire for a
peaceable and never ending American Union.
The following are the resolutions adopted by the excursion party during their trip
through the South :
Ebsolved, That the thanks of this excursion party are eminently due, and are hereby tendered
Eeuben Foster, the agent, and the York Eiver Steamboat Line of Baltimore, running in connection with
the Tork Eiver Eailroad, for their most generous consideration, and that we recognize in Capt. L. W.
Freeman, of their well-equipped boat, (the State of Virginia,) and his assistants, able, efBcient, and
courteous officcrs, whose treatment has added greatly to our enjoyment, and will long be pleasantly
Remembered. Eesolved, That, as our visit to Petersburg has beeu one of the pleasantest features of our trip, we do
hereby tender our sincere thanks to the President of the Eichmond and Petersburg Eailroad, Mr. Thomas
H. Wynn, for his courtesy in placing special cars at our disposal, whereby we have heen enabled to travel
from Eichmond to Petersburg and return comfortably and agreeably, and that our enjoyment has been
much enhanced by the careful attention of the conductor of these cars, Mr. W. C. Laughton.
Eesolted, That the hospitality extended to us by Messrs. Bishop and Seay, proprietors of Jarrett's
Hotel, Petersburg, Va., and the Editorial Fraternity of that city, deserves a double-leaded paragraph of
thanks, which we hereby give, and that we regard our dinner at their commodious and admirably kept
house as a fat take, which will measure well in memory.
Eesolveb, That the reception extended to us by the municipal authorities and the Editorial Fraternity
of the City of Staunton will ever be remembered as most cordial and kind, and every way worthy of the
proud reputation for hospitality which Virginians so long have borne, and that we rettirn our hearty
thanks therefor.
Eesolved, That the entertainments off'ered us by the Wesleyan Female Institute, the Virginia Female
Institute, and the Augusta Female Seminary, were in the highest degree creditable to those institutions
of learning, and while affording rare pleasure to all, have given us a broader idea of Southem educational
advantages, and a fuller sense of what our whole country may he with such aids to the broadest culture
and the finest accomplishments.
Eesolved, That our visits to the State Lunatic Asylum, and the Deaf, Dumb and Blind Institutions of
Virginia, have shown us two admirably conducted public charities, of whose appointments any Common-
IPealth might well be proud, and that onr most sincere thanks cau but Inadequately make return for the
hospitalities there received.
Eesolved, That the liberality of Messrs. Frazier & Sales, proprietors of the Virginia Hotel, Stauton,
Va., in throwing open the doers of their house to our entire party, free of charge, deserves especial

44 The Pine and The Palm.
recognition, and that their excellent accommodations, their careful courtesy, and their right hear y
spirit will always be associated with recollections of a visit to one of the most delightful localities in the
world. Eesolved, That for rare natural beauty, desirability of climate, excellence of accommodations, and
pleasantness of access, the White Sulphur Springs are, to our knowledge, unsurpassed as a summer resort ;
aud that in the Messrs. Peyton & Co. we have found gentlemen "on hospitable thought intent to the
fullest degree— gentlemen ofthe truest courtesy and most liberal of heart, whose reception and treatment
have but Intensified the pleasure of a visit where every surronnding conspired to enjoyment, and where
they who can tarry long are truly fortunate.
Eesolved, That no part of our journey since we left Elmira has given us greater pleasure, or is likely ;
to be of more proflt to us than that over the Chesapeake and Ohio Eailroad, throngh the maguiflceut
valley and mountain scenery of Virginia, from Eichmond to White Sulphur Springs and back, and that
in placing a special train of two elegant coaches at our disposal for fourteen days, the officers of said
company here give an unexampled exhibition of corporate liberality, which will over be among the ,
brightest memories of our trip ; the enjoyment of which has been greatly enhanced by the continuea
courtesy and attention of Conductor Joseph Mallory, Engineer C. C. Taylor, and the Brakemen of said
special train.
Eesolved, That the presence, during portions of the trip, of Gen. AV. C. Wickham, Vice-President; ¦
H. D. Whitcomb, Chief Engineer ; A. H. Perry, General Superintendent, and Maj. Peyton Eandolph,
Division Engineer, of this road, has afforded us much gratiflcation, and proved them to be chief among
the many true Virginia geutlemen we have met since leaving pur homes.
Eesolved, That we gratefully appreciate the thoughtfulness of C. F. Eobertson, Postmaster at White
Sulphur Springs, in opening his offlce for our party on Sunday, aud for his telegraphing the Eichmond
Post-offlce to have our mail matter sent to Ford's Hotel, so that we may receive it- on our arrival there
to-night. Eesolved, That, as our journey has reached its objective point here at Greensboro, so our enjoyment
has here attained its climax, in a reception moved by the heart of the people, overflowing with the most
generous hospitality ; and that we extend our thanks to the Mayor, tbe committee of arrangements, the
proprietor of the Benbow House, and the citizens generally, for the magniflcent entertainment received
at their hauds, and that we shall return to our homes with pleasantest recollections ofthe old North State,
and with hearts throbbing in closer sympathy with its inhabitants, only regretting that our tarry among
them could not have been longer, and our happy acquaintance with them more extended.
Eesolved, That we do sincerely appreciate,though we cannot do justice to, the hospitality tendered ns
by the municipal authorities of Danville, and the citizens of said city, and that in our visit here we have
gathered much valuable information, aud have beeu so handsomely treated by all that our duty as journal
ists to impart this to our readers will be rather a pleasure, as friends, and as such will be gladly performed.
Eesolved, That the Eichmond, Danville and Piedmont Eailways deserve our highest commendation
for courtesies extended, aud that it will be a pleasure to us all to bespeak public patronage therefor,
inasmuch as their appointments are excellent, their officials obliging and gentlemanly, and the country
through which they run worthy the attention of tourists in the South and the consideration of all seeking
new homes.
Eesolved, That among the most gratifying incidents and experiences of our journeyings in Virginia ^
was the banquet at Eichmond, tendered us by brethren of the press and citizens of that city — the pleasures
of the feast being greatly enhanced by Virginia's most honored Executive, Gov. Walker, and others high
in civil authority ; that the sentiments uttered in toasts and speeches aff'ord the strongest guaranty of
Union restored and cemented between North and South on the basis of fraternity and good will.
Eesolved, That our ardent thanks are due, and are hereby tendered, to Messrs. Gilmour & Sons,
proprietors of the St. Clair Hotel, and to Mr. Fogle, manager thereof, for their very generous hospitality,
their mauy courtesies and their tmremitting attention to us, and that, recognizing the remarkable
excellence of said hotel in all its features, we shall take pleasure in recommending it to such of our friends
as may visit Baltimore, confldent that they will be as well satisfled with their entertainment as we have
been. Eesolved, That our visit to the extensive works of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad Company, at
Baltimore, was one of great interest, and that we return our thanks to the President of said company,
Mr. Garrett, and his secretary Mr. Potts, for courtesies rendered.

The Pine and The Palm. 45
Eesolved, That we are under great obligations to the Northern Central Eailway Company, and its
officers, for courtesies received at their hands, and that we return our sincere thanks for the same.
Eesolved, That heartily appreciating the indefatigableness of Mr. N. H. Hotchkiss, agent of the
Eichmond and York Eiver and Chesapeake and Ohio Eailroads, to whom we are indebted for the
pleasure of this trip; his largeness of heart, his liberality of views, and his earnest desire to excite a
morfe lively sympathy between the North and the Sonth, we do heartily tender him our warmest thanks,
with the assurance of our life-long recollections of southward journeying will always be more pleasant
because of their central figure — a live New Yorker, inspired by true Virginia sentiment and hospitality,
whose impulse to good deeds is only secondary to his zeal in working them to full perfection.
Shortly after the excursion of the Northem Editors to the South, Major Hotchkiss
received an invitation to be present at the meeting of the New York State Editorial Con
vention, and his presence on that occasion is thus chronicled :
Major N. H. Hotchkiss, of Staunton, Va., the popular leader of the Southern Editorial
Excursion, was the Uon of the occasion. We had extended to him a special invitation to
be present at the convention, and when the telegram announcing his purpose to be with
us Thursday evening was read before the convention, loud and prolonged cheers went up
from the "gentlemen of the editorial excursion." At night a large delegation went to the
depot to receive him. At a meeting at Lake George on Friday, the Major was elected a
perpetual member of the association with "extra privUeges." These "extra privUeges"
were liberally interpreted by him to mean in part the indisputable right to Hotch-kiss the
wives and the daughters of the editors, and on the return from Saratoga on Saturday, a
score of fair faces were buried in his huge whiskers, from out of whose hirsute depths came
many a hearty smack and silvery scream. We had not at flrst intended to have said
anything about this matter but the Major went so far we consider it would be but justice
to his famUy to have him Dispatched in Richmond before he could reach his home in
Staunton. The beneficial effects of the expedition planned by Major Hotchkiss were
soon made manifest. Elaborate descriptions of the country through which
they had passed, the people they encountered, their manners and customs,
and especially the hospitable receptions extended to the Excursionists at all
points along the line of travel filled the Northern papers and were liberally
copied into Southern journals. The bitterness and rancor which had hereto
fore been the stock in trade of partisan papers, in a measure faded away and
a kindlier tone was observable in their editorial strictures upon the action of
each other.
The £e Roy Gazette, speaking shortly afterwards, said: "Considerable inquiry was
awakened hereabouts by the reports of that excursion, which may culminate in a concei-ted
move for a Southern home * * *."
The Record, published at Owego, New York, speaking of the excursion, quotes from a
Southern exchange : "The sole honor must be awarded to Maj. Hotchkiss 'the steam engine
In pantaloons,' 'the jolly agent,' 'the indomitable and ubiquitous,' 'the champion of the
worid,' 'the constant puffer,' 'the printers' true and substantial friend,' 'the most popular and
successful railroad agent in the worid' whose latch-string hangs on the outside, and in
whose hearts are a thousand welcomes for every fellow- Virginian."
The Baltimore Sun said : Mr. N. H. Hotchkiss, travelling Agent of the Richmond and
York River Railroad, connecting witii the line of steamers running from Baltimore has
been presented with a Malacca cane with a curved silver head and handsome Roman

46 The Pine and The Palm.
armor devices, battle axes, shield, helmet &c., by his friend P. H. Albright, editor of the
Pairioi, Greensboro, N. C. The cane is a very beautiful affair. ¦* * -* Mr. Hotchkiss
is well known to the traveling public, having pioneered the great Editorial Excursion to
the South some time since."
The Canandaigua Messenger says facetiously: " 'Tis well,' he deserves to be caned m that
manner repeatedly, and watched, too, as he was in Baltimore last spring." To which the
Geneva Gazette adds : " Yes he ought to be soUdly chained and securely gua/rded."
The Valley Virginian said : " By suoh means he has induced many persons already to
visit our State, who otherwise would never have attempted it, and we doubt not, that by this
same influence, many other good and substantial citizens will not only visit, but become
residents of our beautiful Valley, and other portions of the State."
The News of Nunda : "We had the pleasure of meeting at Dan-nlle on the Fourth
(July) Major Hotchkiss, the originator and leader of the Editorial Excursion South. He
is the guest of neighbor Bunnell of the Advertiser, and is drumming up recruits for " Old
Virginia." The large circle of acquaintances he has made in the North and the wide
spread reputation he has acquired through the newspapers of the State enables him to be
of very great service in turning the tide of emigration to the Old Dominion State. * * * "
The Monroe County Register speaks of him as, "The friend of the Press."
The Repository and Messenger, Canandaigua, New York, said: "We learn from
reliable authority that this gentieman, the weU-known and popular traveling agent ofthe
Richmond and York River and Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, is about to make a tour
of this State in the interests of these roads and of the people North and South generaUy.
His famUiarity with all sections of Virginia and of many of the Southem States, as well as
his position in reference to their leading raUroads, wUl be of invaluable service to those
contemplating a trip southward. The Major led the grand editorial excursion last
Spring, and by his whole-souled generous courtesy greatiy endeared himself to the craft,
and he will be cordiaUy welcomed among them during his coming tour. * * * "
From Binghampton, New York, we have the following : "Mr. Hotchkiss, as the leader
of the recent excursion of editors of Northern newspapers to the South, has done a work
whose importance is scarcely yet appreciated, much as it was esteemed in the Southem
States which were on the route of the excursion. We observe that the Southern journals
are publishing very extended extracts from the Northern papers about the trip — in some
cases whole pages. The Southern mind is directed toward communication with the
people of the Northern States as it never was before ; and the people have very lively
hope that through personal acquaintance a great deal of the prejudice which has existed
against them may be removed. Mr. Hotchkiss' excursion has opened the way for others
of the same sort; but the next should be an excursion of Southern Editors to the North.
With this kind of association, every man representing perhaps flve or ten thousand, and
ill some cases tens of thousands, an acquaintance almost as valuable as personal associa
tion might be brought about between the people of the sections. We are perfectly sure
that there is no considerable town in this or in any other Northern State in which a party
of Southern Editors would not be very warmly received ; they would have such an eamest
of good-wiU as would convince them that there is every wish for Southern prosperity and
happiness and every desire to assist in bringing about a real reconciliation."
The Binghampton Democratic Leader subsequently said : "The excursion he planned
last year of Northern Editore to the South did much to educate them as to the tastes,
habits, feelings and sentiments of each section, and did good in bringing ahout a better
understanding between those who have much to do in moulding public opinion. We
understand the Major is planning a similar excursion for next June, when he proposes to
bring the Southem Editors North, that they can get a better idea of the habits of our
people. The proposition is an excellent one, and the editorial fraternity of the Southern

The Pine and The Palm. 47
tier of Counties in New York wUl doubtiess unite upon some plan of entertaining their
Southern guests if the plan is carried out. But there are no ifs about it if the Major has
got his mind upon the excursion. We guarantee that our Southem brethren wiU receive
a warm reception on the trip."
Major Hotchkiss, in response to numerous requests from the Korthern
Press, (which our limited space prevents us from copying,) undertook to
organize the expedition for 1€72. His success in 1871 had been more than
flattering, and he determined if possible to complete the great work of
pacification then so pleasantly inaugurated. To show how he was encouraged
and what rapid progress he made we will continue our quotations.
The Elmira Daily Gazette, Thursday, AprU llth, 1873, said : " The object of the visit of
Major N. H Hotchkiss to our city is to make arrangements for an excursion North of a
party of Southern Editors. The company will number about forty-flve editors, from
Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina and Maryland. They wUl probably leave Rich
mond, Va., on Thursday, June 6th, arriving in Baltimore on" the 7th, and Elmira on the
Sth. After remaining here one day, they will visit Watkins Glen, and go thence to
Rochester, Buffalo, and Niagara Falls, and get to Watertown in time to meet with the
New York Editorial Convention in that city. They will proceed from there to Syracuse,
and will take Owego, Binghampton and Susquehanna Depot in their route home.
" Under such a captain as Major Hotchkiss, so well known and thoroughly appreciated
by the Editors of New York State, who can doubt but that the contemplated excursion
will be a splendid success and the means of much good. Such a reciprocal reunion by
Northern Editors of their Southern members of the strong-linked fratemity cannot but
prove productive of inestimable benefits to both grand portions of our land.
¦ " The arrangements are not fully consummated, but " Father Abraham " Hotchkiss -will
not have any difflculty in getting everything in satisfactory shape for the contemplated
excursion. He is as much of an organizer as Napoleon the First, and has the vim and
dash essential to the successful prosecution of any plan, as witness the late Northem
Editorial Excursion South. We shall have occasion to speak further of the visit of the
Southern Editors, also of the Chesapeake and Ohio Road, of which A. H. Perry is the
well-quaUfied superintendent, and of the Richmond and York River Line, of which
Major (General) Hotchkiss is the indefatigable and popular traveling agent."
The Elmira Advertiser said : " Major N. H. Hotchkiss, of Staunton, Va., arrived in town
yesterday, and gave us a call as in duty bound. He will be recollected as the leader of the
Editorial Excursion party which left this city last spring and met with such a cordial
reception in various parts of Virginia and North Carolina. He is a whole-souled, genial
and true-hearted gentieman of the old school, and a leader who ' fears no danger.' His
cdnstant attention and courtesies to the sixty -one Northern Editors who made up his
party of excursionists to the South last spring wiU never be forgotten by any one of them
as long as memory holds her sway. We learn from him that he is now making his
arrangements for an excursion of Southern Editors to the North. Our Southem brethren
wUl be heartily welcomed among us, and during their stay we hope to be able to repay in
part the unselfish hospUality they so lavishly bestowed upon their Northern friends. They
WiU be fortunate in having so experienced and reUable a leader as Major Hotchkiss.
There's ' no such word as fail ' with him."
From the MobUe Register we have the following : " This excursion can be made
productive of much good in the way of correcting small errors, and doing away with
smaU prejudices, about our section. There is nothing like personal contact for the

48 The Pine and The Palm.
removal of false impressions; and fifty well posted EdUors from the South can tell the
Editors of New York State many facts that will result in extended notice and consequent
increase of immigration among us of sturdy farmers and of skUled labor. Hence we com
mend the idea to our brethren of the press in this section ; and with it we commend
Major Hotchkiss as the most straightforward talker and the busiest man who ever wore
the gray — in a beard, a cubit and a span."
The Chariotte Observer spoke as follows: "It was our pleasure, yesterday, to meet with
tiiat prince of good feUows and raUroad men— Major JT. H. Hotchkiss— the popular and
energetic agent of the Richmond and York River and Chesapeake and Ohio RaUroads;
and from the representation as shown, we have no doubt the route for which he is travel -
ing is one in every way advantageous to shippers, while the man of business, or pleasure
seeker, cannot fail to be interested as he traverses those now historic points, made famous
by the deeds of men brave and true. Major Hotchkiss is weU known as the party at
whose suggestion and under whose control the great Railroad Excursion of Northern
Editors, through portions of the South, was so successfully consumated last year, and as
the Press of 'the North, through his instrumentality, were enabled to see things then 'face
to face,' it is his purpose early in June to start with a number of Southern 'QuUl drivers'
on a Northern tour, and having no need to tarry at Jericho for his be'ard to grow, we
guarantee he wUl do his whole duty and 'give them the best in the shop.' Such a trip
as the one proposed by the Major, like its predecessors, cannot but be of good, for through
the Press such truth can thus be disseminated that would tend to harmonize and bring
about results so much to be desired."
The New Orleans Times, said : " We acknowledge with pleasure a caU from Major
N. H. Hotchkiss, Transportation Agent of the Chesapeake and Ohio, and of the Richmond
and York River Railroads. Though a great raUway traveler, this is the flrst visit of the
Major to the Gulf States. Last year he conducted a large Editorial Party from the North
into Virginia, and now, at the suggestion ofthe New York Press Association, he proposes
to take a similar party from the South and Southwest into Western New York, and
thence, via Niagara and the thousand islands to Montreal. From, what we see and hear
of Major H. we are certain that nothing will be lacking on his part to make the excursion
a success. For the rest, it cannot fail to servea good purpose by correcting erroneous
impressions, giving opportunities of exchanging views, and rounding off the rough edges
of sectional prejudice. Our thanks are due for an invitation to join the party."
The New Orleans Daily Picayune, speaking 'of the excursion said : " The Picayune office
has been enlivened by the presence of the renowned Major N. H. Hotchkiss, the indefati
gable and popular agent of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and the Richmond and York
River Railway, the route by which the famous White Sulphur, Healing, Warm and other
Virginia Springs are reached, who 'visits our city, from Staunton, Va., in the interest of a
benevolent and enlightened plan by which he hopes, through personal and familiar intei-
course, to abate the social and political rancor that now separates the two sections of our
common country. 'Blessed are the peace-makers,' and the Major is, in thought and act,
one of them. He it was who devised and superintended the excursion of Northern Editors,
last year, through a portion of the South, that they, as the writers of current history, might
see for themselves and expose the.baseless fabrications of Northern bigots. Great good
resulted from this renewed acquaintance with the stricken people of our desolate frontier;
and still happier results are anticipated by the ever hopeful Major from an excursion
which he has now planned for a Southem Editorial Party into Northern territory. He
proposes to lead the legion himself, and under their banner of peace to conquer the preju
dices of an invaded people, and make their walls, like those of a second Jericho, to crumble
under the bugle notes he knows so well to sound. We commend the Major and hia
praiseworthy enterprise to the consideration of our entire editorial fraternity ; and from hia

The Pine and The Palm. 49
official connection with botii Nortiiem and Southem raiUoads, as weU as his genial good
humor and winning ways, we can but predict for him and his party a most deUghtful and
edifying excursion.
The Staunton Vindicator said : " Mr. Hotchkiss deserves tiie thanks of the people of
¦Virginia, and especiaUy of the VaUey, for the marked interest he has manifested in infiu-
encing very many of his Northem friends to visit this locality, and also the various
watering places in our own State and West Virginia.
"Having been born and raised in the North, and been engaged in public busmess, after
he attained his majority, in that region of country, untU his removal to this State, some
twelve years ago, he has, consequently, a very extended acquaintance throughout the
NorUi, and has never failed', at each visit to his native place, to portray in truthful colors
to his friends and acquamtances the character of our people and the beauties and advan
tages of the land of his adoption. By such means he has influenced many persons already
to visit OUT State, who otherwise would never have attempted it, and we doubt not, that
by this same influence, many other good and substantial citizens wiU not only visit, but
become residents of our beautiful Valley, and other portions ofthe State.
" Success attend you, friend Hotchkiss, in your legitimate business, say we, and may
you be further instrumental in disseminating correct information throughout the North in
regard to our people and section."
Prom the Phelps Citizen, of New York, we take the following;
" N. H. Hotchkiss' Excuesion.— Inasmuch as our edition fell far short, last week, of
affording an ample residue with which to acknowledge the compliment of exchange from
the many new papers that have been received, we aga'm refer to the trip. It was a noble
conception of Mr. Hotchkiss', and by him grandly carried out. No one event wiU teU
more for the bright future of our Union of States than the recent Editorial Excursion. It
has engraven the letters ' N. H. Hotchkiss' in gold, upon the historical tablet of 1871,
and his children's children will read with delight in after years thereof.
" But great as it was for good in uniting the Virginians and Carolinians with the Empire
and Keystone States in heart and sentiment, it did not extend far enough South — ^it should
have reached the heart of every State that sought to be a gem in the ' Southern Confederacy'
— it should have overspread the entire South — this is what should be done yet, it is not too
late. N. H. Hotchkiss has grandly inaugurated the idea, let there be another as great and
magnanimous to complete it. We have felt, betimes, saddened and gloom-stricken, as we
have re-viewed the status of our Republic, and longed for a melting down of the barrier
that served to estrange the South from the North. The cloud is breaking, and the
two hundred pens touched with fired zeal and enthusiasm incident to the Hotchkiss
excursion, must wield a powerful infiuenee over the masses that throng our proud domain,
and make glad the heart of every human being that loves protection under the American
fiag. Let the Southern Editors make a tour through the North, too. Great good can be
done, and an immense impetus given to our national prosperity. Let us become more
united." The Memphis Appeal spoke as follows: "Major Hotchkiss has just now on his hands
the organization of an excursion for the Editors ofthe leading papers of the South, wdth a
view to their meeting their brethren of the press, who last year, under his auspices, -visited
Virginia and the Carolinas. This excursion of Southern Editors to the most beautiful
points in the North and Canada is to be the counterpart of that so thoroughly enjoyed at
the South by our Northern brethren last year, and from what we know of the patriarchal-
looking Hotchkiss, will be quite as enjoyable."
The Advertiser and MaU, pubUshed at Montgomery, Ala., said: "Major N. H. Hotch
kiss, the best known and most popular man in America, is visiting Montgomery in the
interests ofthe Chesapeake and Ohio and Richmond and York River RaUroads, for which
4

50 The Pine and The Palm.
he is the agent and the tutelar divinity, if divinity ever wore a long gray beard or con-
descended to be propelled by steam. Maj. H. also represents the several Virginia watering ;
places, several of which are advertised in our columns.
"But it is in neither of these characters or capacities that Maj . Hotchkiss is best known to
the Press. He is the great Pacificator, whose chosen mission it has been, and is, to bring
together in social intercourse the exponents of public sentiment. North and South, that
each may know the other better and be the better prepared to duly -^^'eigh and wisely
consider the circumstances under which the opinions of the other have been formed and
the motives that have shaped and directed the actions of all in their respective walks and
conditions in life. These 'circumstances' and 'motives' constitute the lines of defence,
the bulwarks, in which Prejudice and Prepossession have retired from the vigorous
assaults of Reason, and now it appears that Major Hotchkiss is determined that these
shall be stormed and carried along with the rest, not at the point of the bayonet nor with
the logic of shot and shell, but at the mouth of the social bottle and by the persuasive
eloquence that appeals to man from that 'tocsin of the soul — the dinner bell.' With this
patriotic purpose in view he has successfully planned and carried out one or more Edito
rial Excursions, by which 'the reflectors of the public mind' North have been brought in
contact and intercourse with those of the South, much to the edification and benefit of
both. He is now engaged in getting up an excursion of Southern Editors, whioh will
meet at Ford's Hotel in Richmond on the 14th of June and going thence North by the
Richmond and York River Road, make the whole Northern tour via Baltimore, Phila
delphia, Elmira, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Rochester, Canandaigua, Seneca Lake, (that
'SUver Lake' of which Percival sung,) Syracuse, Watertown, the Thousand Islands, 'fair
Wyoming,' etc., etc. — returning to Richmond on or about the fourth day of July. We
acknowledge our indebtedness to the Major for a card of invitation for this excursion,
and assure him that if we fail to avail ourself of the permission it conveys it shall be the
fault of circumstances."
We quote from the Elmira (N. Y.) Oazette of April 13th, 1873: "At the meeting,
yesterday, in this city on the part of Major N. H. Hotchkiss with the Editors of Elmira
and wUh A. O. Bunnell, of the Dansville Advertiser, (the Secretary of the New York
State Association,) it was arranged that the Southern Editorial Excursion party should
leave Richmond, June 15th, and arrive in Elmira, Monday morning, the 17th; leave
Elmira on the morning of Tuesday, the 18th, for Buffalo, where they wiU arrive about
noon ; leave Buffalo Tuesday evening, the 18th, for Niagara Falls ; leave Niagara FaUs
Wednesday afternoon, the 19th, for Rochester ; leave Rochester Thursday .morning, the
soth, for Canandaigua; leave Canandaigua Friday morning, the Sist, for Watkins Glen;
leave Watkins Glen Saturday, the 33d, by boat on Seneca Lake for Geneva ; spend Sun
day, the 33d, in Geneva, leaving there for Syracuse on Monday, the 34th. At Syracuse
they will join the New York Editorial Association party en route for Watertown,
and will participate in the entertainments to be given there to the New York Editorial
Association, and also in the excursion to Montreal by way of the Thousand Islands,
returning to Watertown on Friday afternoon, 38th. The Southern party will leave next
morning for Binghampton, but by what route has not yet been determined. From Bing
hampton the party will go down the celebrated Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, stop
ping at Scranton, Wilkesbarre and Northumberiand, and from the latter place go direct
to Baltimore, and from. there 'on to Richmond.' The party will consist of about forty-
five editors from various parts of Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina and Maryland, '
and will be under the leadership of the indefatigable Major Hotchkiss.
It is suggested that arrangements be made at the several places in this State, above •
mentioned, for the suitable entertainment of our Southern brethren, and a-ny arrange
ments agreed upon should be communicated to A. O. Bunnell, Secretary of the New

The Pine and The Palm. 51
York Editorial Association, Dansville, Livingston County, to whom the matter has been
referred by the leader of the party. Arrangements for entertainments at localities in
Pennsylvania should be communicated to Major N. H. Hotchkiss, traveUng agent of the
Chesapeake and Ohio and Richmond and York River Railroads, No. 90 Light street,
Baltimore." The Dansville Advertiser, of New York, May 9th, said : " The Southern Editorial Excur
sion. — There is nothing new to offer in regard to this excursion, excepting the statement
that the interest of the Northem people is daily becoming more awakened to the impor
tance thereof, and that many are earnestly considering the effect this visit will have in
the promotion of that fraternal feeling which should exist between the two sections of
country, lately so earnestly and so bitterly at war with each other Personally acquainted
with many of the Editors of Virginia who will probably accompany this party, we know
there is to-day no nobler, no more patriotic class of men in this country, and none more
worthy of distinguished consideration at the hands of the citizens of the North. Hospitable
and generous-hearted to a fault are these men, and our most earnest hope in this connec
tion is that we.may be able to convince them, by their reception and entertainment here,
of our cordial feeling toward the South, and our high esteem for them personally, as fully
as they, by their entertainment and reception of the party of Northern Editors last spring,
convinced us that it was thereafter our own fault did we not grow toward each other as
members of one happy famUy.
" We are almost daily receiving letters from different points to be visited by this party,
indicating that we shall not be disappointed in our estimate of the hospitality of the
citizens of the Empire State or their friendly feeling toward the residents of the Old
Dominion. That the indefatigable Major N. H. Hotchkiss has charge of the Southern end
of the Une is, without another word, sufflcient assurance that no one need have any con
cern for his party before it reaches the State line. 'And not a wave of trouble rolls across
our peaceful breast.' "
Under such auspices, the Southern Editors assembled in Eichmond, June
14th, 1872, and we will now take up the narrative as given by themselves.

Excursion of the Southern Editors to the North.

DEPARTURE FROM RICHMOND.

From Richmond to Baltimore we took the York River Line of which iSur chief. Major
N. H. Hotchkiss, is traveling agent, and I have no hesitation in saying that no traveling
can be more delightful than that was. The York River Road runs from Richmond t»
West Point, at which place flie Pamunkey and Mattapony unite, forming the celebrated
York, famous the continent over for its delightful fish and oysters. The road is ably
managed, weU conducted and exceUently located with reference to^ historic incident
although devoid of striking scenery. Seven or eight mUes from Richmond it passes
through the very heart of the battie field of Seven Pmes, and a few miles further on skirts
the scene of the bloody contest at Savage Station. Crossmg the Chiokahominy about
fifteen miles from the city it rans through what was once McClellan's camps, the cele
brated White House at the crossing of the Pamunkey and the base of the Northem army
at West Point. Here at this latter point we reach the York river, spread out, like a vast
sheet of molten silver, to the width of a mUe or more and affording sufflcient depth of
water for vessels dra-wing not more than fourteen feet.
At West Point our party took the staunch old bay steamer State of Virginia, Captain .
Freeman, master, and within five minutes from the time of leaving the train were steam
ing rapidly out towards the crystal waves of the grand old Chesapeake. The wmd whioh
had been refreshing from the time we left Richmond now gave promise of rough weather
on the bay, and full many a land lubber began to estimate the probable duration of a
spell of sea-sickness after reaching the land. But after passing Yorktown itself, no insig
nificant spot in American history, the breeze abated, lea-ving just enough roughness on
the green waves to relieve them of their general monotone and to dimple the face of the
bay with refreshing gladness. This, however, we were not long able to enjoy, because
having embarked at five P. M. the descending night soon threw her mantle over the
scene and shut out all but the veiled moon and a few faint stars from our gaze. At eight j
the next morning we were almost within hail of Baltimore, passing close under the waUs
of the half completed Fort Carroll and running beneath the very muzzles of the guns of
McHenry. This latter fortification was the great stumbUng block in the way of the
British General, Lord Ross, in the war of 1813, and his unsuccessful attempt to reduce it
gave rise to the American national anthem, "The Star Spangled Banner." On this part
of the bay and for about twenty miles before reaching this port, we met hundreds of steam
and saiUng vessels of all tonnages and descriptions, from the lithe dancing pongy and
sturdy tug to the regular merchant ship "which bringeth in goods from afar." At the
wharves there grew a regular forest of masts, shooting up like phantom monarchs of the
forests from the hundreds of vessels at rest in port.
We found the York River Line a decidedly pleasant mode of traveling, the State of
Virginia an admirably managed and provided craft, (especially in the matter of cuisine,)
and would recommend all who travel in search of either health or pleasure to adopt it in
preference to any other line between Richmond and Baltimore.
An organization was effected on the Steamer, and the following gentlemen selected as
officers: Judge George W. WUson, Upper Marlboro Gazette, President; W. H. H. Lynn,
Staunton Vindicator, Vice-President; S. H. Letcher, Lexington Oazette, Secretary; John

The Pine and The Palm. 53
I. Poster, Charlottesville, Chronicle, Treasurer. After reaching the Monumental City,
'udge Wilson was compelled because of domestic affliction to abandon the excursion
larty, and W. H. H. Lynn was unanimously chosen to succeed him as President of the
irganization. BALTIMORE.
At 8.30 we quUted the decks of the Virginia and repaired to the St. Clair Hotel,
^formerly Gilmor's,) opposite Battie Monument on Monument Square, and presided over
by Messrs. Gilmour & Sons, who seem to "know how to keep a hotel" as well as the best
with whom we have yet met. The freedom of the city was not formally tendered us because
we arrived on Sunday and such a proceeding would have been decidedly out of taste. But
we took it, nevertheless, and like the wind mentioned in the Scriptures blowed whithsoever
we listed. The freedom and hospitalities of the St, Clair were freely tendered us by the
proprietors, and we enjoyed both to the last degree. Here Mr. Ed. S. Young, General
Ticket Agent for the Northern Central RaUway, waited upon us and tendered the free
use ofhis admirable road to our party, going and returning. At five P.M., Mr. Samuel T.
DeFord, Southeastern Agent for the Pennsylvania Railroad, had ten hacks in readiness for a
drive to Druid HUl Park, which it is unnecessary to say that we enjoyed to the top of our
bent. We found the Park to be a natural elevation, on the outskirts of the city, tastefully
arranged and laid off .into walks, drives, lounging places, places of refreshments, &c.
Here also we had the pleasure of seeing for the first time an artificial lake sixty teet in
depth covering .fifty square acres of earth and fringed with evergreens that set it off like
an apple of gold in a picture of silver. This lake forms one of the reservoirs from which
the city water supply is derived while the lake itself is fed by water from Jones' Falls, a
little mountain stream one or two mUes further out. I have no time to recount all the
beautiful scenes that this Park unfolded. Suffice it to aay, that there is no part of the
whole seven hundred acres that is not a lovely summer day's resort or that would not
repay a drive of two miles from the dust and hurly-burly of the city to enjoy its cool,
secluded, delicious quietude. Returning to the St. Clair we found that several of the press-
gang who had failed to come to time at Richmond were on hand ready to report. Their
names were duly entered upon the rolls, completing the list and making it stand as follows :
H. N. GALLAHER, Free Press, Charlestown, Va. WM. P. HANDY, Dispatch, Eichmond, Va.
JOSEPH S. PEGAUD, Times, New Orleans. EGBERT D. WARD, Enquirer, Richmond, Va.
ABRAHAM B. VENABLE, The New Common- JOEDON STONE, News, Raleigh, N. C.
wealth, Earmville, Va. JOSEPH S. BUDD, Index, Petersburg, Va.
EOBERT B. BBEKELET, ^'hig, Richmond. J- WESLEY ERIEND, Progress, Petersburg, Va.
JOHN H. WAETMAN, Eegister, Rockingham, Va. B. J. ROGERS and GEORGE A. CUNNINGHAM,
G. W. HAEDWICKE, Bepublican, Lynchburg, Va. Bural Messenger, Petersburg, Va.
M. M. COOKE, Advertiser and Mail, Montgomery, HENEY V. STEAYEES, Enterprise, Harrison-
Alabama, tvrg, Va.
S. H. LETCHER, Gazette, Lexington, Va. CHAELES COLE, Maryland Vnion, Frederick, Md
J. J. STEWART, Watchman. Salisbury, N. C. "S^'- H. H. LYNN, Vindicator, Staunton, Va.
GEORGE R. CALVERT, "Slienandoah Valley:' H. HOFFMAN, representing BKii««m, Baltimore.
New Market, Shenandoah County, Va. E- W. HUNTER, Tim^, Winchester, Va.
JAMES D. MORRISON, Bockbridge Citizen, Lex. J- M. KEATING, Appeal, Memphis, Tenn.
ington, Va. DE. JOHN B. WILLIAMS, Sunday Telegram, Bal-
J. W. BELL, JACOB BAYLOE, and WILLIAM timore.
A. BELL, Staunton, Va. T. F- SHUEY, Congressimal Globe, Washington.
THOMAS MATTHEWS, Lewisburg, ir. Ta. EDGAR SNOWDEN, Jb., Gazette, Alexandria, Va.
WM. S. GILMAN, Whig, Eichmond, Va. JOHN B. MACKALL, Gazette, Baltimore.
A. S. MAUZY, Spectator, St'aunton, Va. C. E. CHICHESTBE, Courier, Charleston, S. C.
H. E. T. MANNING, M. D., Boanoke News, Wel- J. T. ELLYSON, Dispatch, Eichmond, Va.
don, N. C. The party was accompanied by Wm. Ferguson,
JOHN H. POSTEE, Chronicle, Charlottesville, Va. (colored,) as waiter and general baggage-master.
GEO. W. WILSON, ffaseffc. Upper Marlboro, Md.

54 The Pine and The Palm.
Mr. DeFord still considered us his guests and invited us to partake of refreshments in
the way of champagne, in the parlor ofthe hotel, to refresh the inner man ofthe Editorial; ,
squad after our dusty ride. As a matter of course U did not stand long ; and amid the'
popping of corks and the effervescence of wine, wit and good humor the remainder ofthe
evening wore away.
Messrs. W. T. Walters & Co., of Baltimore, dealers in wines, liquors, &c., very kindly
furnished a supply of Baker whiskey, which was duly appreciated and eminentiy service
able during the trip.
ALON& THE LINE OF THE NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY.
With a hearty " good-bye " to the liberal proprietor of the St. Clair Hotel, of Baltimore,
our party made its way, on the morning ofthe 17th of June, to the depot of the Northern
Central RaUway, where we found a special car in waiting for us, provided by Mr. Ed. S.
Young. Just out of Baltimore, the first objects of interest that meet our eyes, are the large
manufacturing establishments on the banks of Jones' Falls— a narrow, lazy and good
humored stream, in its present low condition, but which, when aroused to wrath by the
invasion of numberless little streams, which swell and dash down from the hills into its
channel after heavy rains, carries death and destruction in all directions ; but the Balti
more papers for the past two years have had so much to say, both of the destructive power
ofthis apparentiy insignificant stream and of the thousand and one schemes for its subjec
tion and utilization for manufacturing purposes, that we can pass on, feeling satisfied that
our readers, who are also readers of Baltimore papers, would be perfectiy wUling never to
hear " Jones' Falls" mentioned again during their lives. The scenery along the route to
the Pennsylvania line is not remarkable for beauty — the land being of rather inferior
quality. When we reach York the country becomes more level and presents on both sides
ofthe road evidences of that thrift and careful husbandry which has made Pennsylvania
farming a synonyme of large crops and capacious, well-flUed barns. We could see the
secret of their success and prospeiity from the car-windows, in the white laborers in the
flelds — men, women and boys, all hard at work and so intent upon it as seemingly to
begrudge the loss ofthe few moments requisite to glance at the train as it dashed by them.
As we approached the Susquehanna and thence along its course until we crossed it at
Harrisburg, the view became more beautiful and commanding, caUing forth expressions
of admiration from the most unpoetic of our party. At Harrisburg, a number of the party
having on their linen traveUng caps and red-ribbon badges, alighted to refresh themselves
and were mistaken by sundry sports hanging about the platform, for a base-ball club,
and were challenged for a match with the pioked nine of that city. The challenge was
accepted and preliminaries arranged, but before all of their champions could be notified,
(for which purpose the aforesaid sports hurried away) the cars whistled and we were gone.
From Harrisburg we foUowed the banks of the Susquehanna one hundred and three
miles to Williamsport, and as this beautiful stream runs almost ils entire length above the
former city, through the Alleghany mountains, the character of the scenery that lines ita
banks and skirts the road can be better imagined than described. The Cove and Blue
mountains at Dauphin, Peter's mountain, through the very centre of which the river cuts
its resistless way, Dnncannan Iron Works, the "blue Juniata" spanned by a ruined bridge
and Othemso sadly changed since the days of "bright Alfaratta," Haldemann's Island,
the Mahantongo mountains, the junction ofthe two branches ofthe river at Northumber
land, the Montour range. Bald Eagle mountain, the Cliffs of Montgomery (that sounds
like home,) the Muncy Hills and the inclined railway at Ralston make up a panorama
that Art can never equal nor peu wholly describe. Along the valley of the Lycoming we
see nothing else but mountain scenery except now and then a neat little hamlet "shut

The Pine and The Palm. 55
out by Alpine Hills from the rude worid, near the clear stream margmed by fringed
willows and clad with lilies," or a set of ruined iron works erected by capitaUsts at a time
when it was thought that the ores of this vaUey were as rich as the deposits of Ophir.
The inclined railway at Ralston is a curiosUy, but I have no time to describe it now. At
Minnequa Springs we stopped just long enough to taste the waters, which are kept close
to the track for the convenience of travelers. Here also we had the pleasure of seeing one
ofthe lords ofthe mountains with a substantial collar about his neck and a chain depend
ing thence that fastened him to a stake. He was a restless feUow, as all bears are, and
kept pacing his short round, totally uncaring whether we Uked his appearance or not.
This side of Minnequa the country subsides into roUing hUls and the e-vidences of agricul
tural wealth and prosperity once more come flying by us as we hurry along at the rate of
forty-eight miles per hour. From Troy to Elmira there is nothing worthy of note if we
except a general air of Indian summer qu ietude which seems to invite even the good dame
Nature herself to enjoy the luxury of a snooze.
At Minnequa Springs, about twenty miles south of Elmira, we were met by a committee
from that city, composed of Mayor Flood and Alderman Caldwell on behalf of the city
authorities, and Messrs. Tidd and Fairman, of the city press, who welcomed us as the
guests of the city and tendered its hospitalities. ELMIRA.
At the depot we found the City Council and a large number of prominent citizens await
ing our arrival. After a few minutes consumed in formal welcome, response and intro
duction, we formed in procession and headed by a platoon of police and La France's band,
were escorted to the Rathbun House, where Colonel Wadsworth, the proprietor, had
everything in readiness for our comfort and entertainment.
After a warm supper elegantly served by Major Coomie's polite and attentive corps of
young ladies, the Excursionists took carriages for sightseeing about the city. The car
riages were private ones, placed at the disposal of the committee of entertainment, the
most prominent citizens themselves appearing with their fine equipages, and driving out
with the Southern gentlemen. Among those who thus kindly united in this agreeable
part of the entertainment were Ex-Governor RandaU, Captain Reid, General Gregg,
Charles Hazard, ofthe Elmira Oazette; H. H. H. Dumars, ofthe Elmira Advertiser ; Dr.
Edwin Eldridge, Daniel F. Pickering, Esq., Mr. James Gibson, Coionei Samuel Wads
worth, Mr. S. T. Reynolds, Colonel Samuel Richardson, Hon. Judge Dunn, Mr. William
T. Post, Hon. David Decker, Mr. Josiah C. Goodhue, Mr. Charies W. Skinner, Mr. Silas
Haight, David H. Tuthill, Esq., Dr. T. S. UpDeGraff, Alderman Spaulding, and many
other gentlemen whose names we do not readily call to mind.
AT LAKE ELDRIDGE.
The Excursionists were first taken to beautiful Lake Eldridge, and aU expressed them
selves surprised and charmed with the wonderful beauty of Elmira's favorite resort, and
the taste, liberality and public spirit displayed by the gentieman aiter whom the Park
is named, and to whom this section is indebted for its existence. Our Southern guests
were free to say they had no adequate idea of the beauty of Elmira, or that within its
lovely borders was so enchanting a spot as Lake Eldridge.
There occurred a very agreeable exhibition of wet goods, which somehow or other that
genial gentleman and able editor, Mr. Lynn, of tiie Vindicator, (Staunton,) and President
of Uie Society, appears to have had a happy faculty of spying out before, for at the very

56 The Pine and The Palm.
first start out he took to the carriage of Mr. Gilson, who with that generosity so notably
characteristic of the gentieman, had laid in a store of commissary supplies. These con
sisted of very fine wines and cigars, added to which were brought out by "Tope" Goodhue,
of the firm of Messrs. Skinner & Goodhue, some of the genuine North CaroUna Scuper-
nong and Gettysburg Spring Water. After a short time spent in sampUng the nature of
these acceptable Uquids,the party bowled merrily about the winding roads of the Lake,
and from thence were driven by the Elmira College, the RoUing MiU, taken to the
Reformatory Grounds, and other points of interest about the city, viewing the many
elegant residences and places of note.
RECEPTION AND SERENADE.
On returning to the Rathbun after their carriage ride the guests were serenaded by
LaFrance's Band, and there was a fine display of fire works in honor of the visitors. The
band played in front of the hotel and large crowds of people gathered to hear the delightful
music and see the doings. In the inside of the hotel a busy spectacle was also presented, ,
the elegant pariors and halls of the hotel being thronged with leading citizens, who called
to pay their respects to the visitors, and an hour or so was spent in introductions and glad
some greetings.
At ten o'clock the order went forth to haste to the Banquet Hall, and the doors of the
dining room being thrown open a noble table extending the full length of the large hall
was discovered adorned with beautiful flowers, elegantly arrayed, and set out with good
things. The table was arrayed by Mr. Bradley, steward, whose excellent taste was weU
demonstrated. The Mayor of the city occupied a seat at the head of the table, flanked by Dr. Knox,
Rev. Mr. Crane, Rev. Dr. Cowles, Rev. Mr. Keyes, while members of the Common Coun
cil, members of the press of the city, and prominent citizens as invited guests occupied
seats in the vicinity, and before them were the honored guests of the evening. When all
were seated. Dr. Cowles, President of the Elmira Female College, asked a blessing, and
after a due discussion of the tempting viands. Alderman Caldwell arose and in behalf of
the Mayor and Common Council of Elmira welcomed the gentlemen of the Southern
Press as the guests of the city, not only of the city as a body corporate, but as guests of
the whole people, who with pleasure welcomed them to its hospitalities, and called
upon the Hon. David B. Hill for more extended remarks. Mr. Hill's speech was a happy
and pleasant one, timely and effective, and was followed by remarks from Rev. Dr.
Knox, Rev. E. F. Crane, Rev. Mr. Keyes, and Dr. Pratt, of the Corning Journal, all the
speeches breathing a spirit of good will and cordiality, and were happily expressive of
the delight felt in welcoming the gentlemen from the South as brothers and countrymen.
On the part of the Southern guests speeches were made by Mr. Lynn, President of the
excursion party, and the Hon. William S. Gilman, of the -Whig, Richmond.
Seldom, if ever, have we Ustened to more appropriate after dinner speeches. The
remarks of Mr. Gilman were especially fine, and were rapturously applauded. He is a
natural orator, of the eloquent Southern type, and his noble words of feUowship and good
will touched a responsive chord in every heart.
Mr. Lynn happily dwelt on the objects of the excursion, to learn something of the
North and her people — to know of those which had made her and them so great and
prosperous, and asked that there might go from this section to the South men to help
build up and develope her magnificent resources, assuring them all of a brotherly welcome.
Mr. Keyes' remarks were also very happy, as well as the "fighting parson's," Elder
Crane, and also the speeches of the other gentlemen.

The Pine and The Palm.

57

The banquet was one ofthe most deUghtful affairs ofthe kind, and broke up with three
rousing cheers for "Our Guests from the South," and "Three cheers for the City of Elmira "
given -with a wiU by the Editors from the South.
We desire here to acknowledge, in behalf of the commUtee of arrangements, thanks to
Mrs. J. M. TUlman, the florist, for a bountiful and beautiful collection of rarest flowers,
which were arranged in handsome button-hole boquets, and which were a delightful
adornment of the banquet table, and afterwards adorned the coat lappels of tiie guests of
the South, each carrying with him from the hall floral evidences of the kindness of an
Elmira lady whose generous forethought did not fail of proper appreciation.
The wines served at the banquet were presented with the compliments of Messrs.
Skinner & Goodhue.
After the banquet the guests were taken in charge bythe friends made by the intercourse
and incidents of the evening, and were shown stiU further proofs of Elmira's hospitality.
It was a late hour when the Southern gentiemen retired, evidentiy deUghted with the
attentions shown.
Previous to the banquet the Southern Editors, in charge of city offlcials, -visUed the
quarters of the Fire Department, and were shown through the various rooms by the
gentiemanly offlcers of the several companies. Visits were made to the headquarters of
the department, the Board of Trustee Rooms, the beautiful rooms of Independent Three,
the Hose Tower, wUnessing the speedy manner in which the horses are attached to the
steam flre engines, and other interesting features connected with this efficient branch of
our city government.
Dr. Pratt, ofthe Corning Journal; Mr. Keeler, ofthe Owego Record; Mr. Seudder, of
the Waveriy Enterprise; Mr. Kingman, of the Owego Oazette; Mr. Brown, ofthe Com- '
ing Democrat; Mr. McCall of the Bath Advocate, and Mr. Ferenbangh, of the Painted
Post Times, joined in the entertainment here, and were gladly made Welcome.
By kind invitation of the President and Trustees of the Elmira Female CoUege the
Southerners visited the institution at eleven o'clock this morning, and were received by
President Cowles in a neat speech of welcome, who tendered them the freedom of th&
CoUege. After examining the building they repaired to the Chancel where the young
ladies were assembled.
Mr. Lynn, editor of the Staunton Vindicator, and President of the Excursionists, made
a few remarks, and introduced Mr. Berkeley, of the Richmond -Whig, who made one of the
handsomest little speeches we ever listened to.
The young ladies of the College then favored the guests with a song, finely sung, and
after a short social visit -with the Faculty and scholars, they returned to the hotel for dinner.
AN IMPORTANT FEATURE
Ofthe reception here was the splendid appearance and delightful playing of La France's
Band, with which the guests expressed themselves greatly pleased, as being as flne musi
cians as they had ever heard.
At the dinner-table at the Rathbun this afternoon, just before leaving for the train, Mr,
Venable, of Virginia, offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted:
Eesolved, That we, the members of the Southern Editorial Excursion party, tender our heartfelt
thanks to the corporate authorities and people of Elmira, and the proprietor of the Eathbnn House, for
hearty courtesies and attentions ; also to the press of the city of Elmira for their attentive kindnesses, to
Mr. Gilson, of Gilson's Eooms, for his liberality.
Eesolved, That we carry with us a grateful sense of their unnumbered kindnesses, and that we fully
and loyally respond to the sentiments of union and fraternal good wiU which have been expressed for and
towards our beloved South, and in parting we earnestly unite with our friends of Elmira in their prayers
for the perpetuity of the Union and the prosperity of our common country.
Eesolved, That these resolutions be published iu the Elmira papers and the journals of the South.

58 The Pine and The Palm.

COMMUNICATION FROM ONE OP THE EXCURSIONISTS.
Veni! Vidi!! Vici!!!
Such was the laconic dispatch of the great Roman General, on his winning victory,
after a sanguinary battle.
Peace hath her victories, no less renowned than war.
We have just passed through the pleasant ceremonies of one of those peaceful contests, —
Though sundered long,
Once more we meet
And friend in friend each other greet.
In the haste and hurry of our lightning-like excursive progress, we too most truly and
sincerely say in reference to Elmira, her gentlemen and ladies too, (of whom we regret to
have seen so littie,) we have come ! we have seen ! ! but instead of the vici, we acknow
ledge a drawn battle, and the conquest and surrender equal and mutual.
It is with regret that in obedience to the orders of our leader Hotchkiss, we are compelled
to withdraw so soon from pleasant scenes and associations, large-hearted hospitality, and
mutual introductions and greetings. For if continued, we fear desertions might ensue in
the ranks of our Junior Brigade, of whom we have none to spare. All ! All ! ! from the
entrance into until our departure from your magnificent inland city of railroads and
rejoicing, has been such that we would not if we could, and could not if we would forever
forget. Esto Perpetua, Southbkn Excursionist.
Another of the notable places in Elmira is its Insane Asylum, which was visited by a
portion of our party.
I said in the beginning that Elmira was the loveliest city I had seen during the trip. —
If I had gone farther and said it was the loveUest I ever saw in my life, I should have
been guiltless of all manner of exaggeration. Its streets are firm, level as a floor, free
from dust, and lined from one end to the other with beautiful shade trees. I have been
all over it, and have yet to see the first building that seemed to need either paint or repau.
The houses are generally built in the cottage style, but there are hundreds that would vie
with the finest residences we have in Montgomery. Perry street from Gen. Clanton's
late residence to Dr. Baldwin's, is a literally fair type of the whole city of Elmira. There
is more uniformity of beauty here than there — more substantia] comfort and convenience
visible in every quarter. The stores are palatial in their outfits and general appearance.
I passed a long row of them on Main street last night, and it really seemed that some
'modern Aladdin must have conjured them into existence with his wonderful lamp. The
city has about twenty thousand inhabitants and is situated in a little nest of a valley that
seems to have been scooped out of the "everiasting hills" by the "Great Architect of the
Universe" for the very use to which it has been put. The surrounding mountains, clad to
their very summits with the ripening grain or the wa-ving corn, seem to have been
placed on their granite foundations as clasps to enclose from the outer world this exceed
ingly lovely gem of the Empire State. At two P. M., of the 17th, we left the hospitable
city of Flmira, with a lively appreciation ofthe attentions shown us.
BUFFALO.
Our next halting place was Buffalo — the western metropolis of the State — which we
reached by the Erie road at eight P. M. At the depot we found carriages in waiting
which conveyed us to the Mansion House, whence, after arranging our disordered toUets,

The Pine and The Palm. 59
we were driven to the superb city club rooms, where an excellent collation was provided
for us, of which all partook most heartily. It was a matter of great regret that we could
not tarry longer in this beautiful city— our programme contemplated a full day there, and
a special visit to Ex-President Fillmore, who lives in the vicinity, but owing to a mis
understanding wUh the Erie Railroad Company, our visit was curtailed and we posted on
to the world-renowned Niagara, reaching there at eleven P. M.
NIA&ARA.
We stepped upon the platform at Niagara station with a profound sense of relief— a
feeling in which no one can sympathize who has never been thundered over a railroad at
the rate of sixty miles an hour. The Erie and New York Central Roads, as they approach
Niagara, run on parallel lines about a stone's throw apart, and it is a favorite amusement
with the conductors to run races with their steam horses whenever opportunity offers.
It so happened that the rival trains came along side of each other on this occasion, which
was the signal to the engineers to let on the steam, and away they started at the top of
their speed, reckless of Ufe and limb, in their eagerness to make the fastest time. Not
being of a sporting turn of mind, nor caring a copper which could beat, we were rather
solemn than otherwise, feeling all the while that we were much nearer eternity than
Niagara, and that the average Ufe of the traveling public would be extended by the occa
sional hanging of a racing raUroader.
For the flrst time in the history of Niagara a general dead-head was granted us by Mr.
Pulton, the genial and kind-hearted proprietor of the International, which by the way
bears the well-earned reputation of being by far the best hotel at the Falls. Mr. F. fur
nished hacks (for which he was charged just twenty dollars each) to take us to the different
points of interest, paid all our tolls and taxes on the American side and was otherwise so
kind and attentive that we all agreed in pronouncing him the " Prince of Bonifaces."
Niagara has been so often described that it seems needless to repeat the task here, but the
"highfalutin" has generally held so prominent a place in the picture that I have con
cluded to see how a little common sense would fit it. In the first place then, Niagara is
no "wonder" or "miracle." It is, on the contrary, nothing more than an .idiot would
«xpect to see at any spot where the waters of a great river suddenly miss the support of
their accustomed bed only to find it again one hundred and sixty-four feet lower down.
If they were to meet an obstruction of that height and clear it at a single bound there
would then be both a wonder and a miracle in the thing. But Niagara is a sublime sight
and one that must be seen to be fully appreciated. About one mile above the fall the bed
•of the river begins to incline downward at the rate of about two feet in every hundred,
and the waters, rushing over this inclined place, against the huge boulders of rock that
line it, break into immense billows, cascades and torrents that are called in general terms
-" the rapids " At about one-half the distance that intervenes between the American and
Canadian shores, and in the very midst of these biUowy rapids, is Goat Island, a rock-
ribbed tract of wooded land containing about fifty acres or perhaps a Uttie more. This
island divides the falls as weli as the rapids, and therefore terminates at Us lower extremity,
in beetling precipice almost exactiy corresponding with that over which the waters take
their great plunge. On the side next the American shore, or rather upon Iris Island,
which is nothing more than a part of Goat Island, is sUuated Jlr. L. C. Woodruff's paper
mUls— the largest on the American continent. And just here I would remark, enpassant,
that Mr. Woodruffs kindness and hospitality to our party knew no bounds save his own
ability to serve and accommodate us. He met us in Buffalo, where he resides, accompa-

60 The Pine and The Palm.
nied us to Niagara and feasted and feted us during our entire stay at the Falls. Passmg
his miUs we took the left to the celebrated Biddle's Stairs, (so-called because they wind up-
the bank) a cupola-like structure extending from the brow of the precipice to its base and
provided with an interior winding-staircase by mfeans ofwhich we descend to the foot of
both falls. From this staircase the right hand path leads to the foot of the American fall
and the celebrated " Cave of the Winds." This latter curiosity is reached by means ofa
flight of wooden steps leading from the pathway at the foot of the cliff to the overarching
promontory of Iris Island, between which and Goat Island shoots a forty foot section of
the current above. This section of the fall leaps twenty-flve or thirty feet beyond^ aper-
pendiculur before it reaches the rocks below, and between the arc described by its leap
and the excavation in the precipice formed by the crumbling of its shale foundation is the
cave of which I write. The great volume of water, shooting with such Ughtning speed
through the air, combined with the reactionary tendency which succeeds its collision with
the rocks wreaths the atmosphere into eddying whirlpools of wind which drive the spray
in blinding clouds into your eyes and almost defeat the chief object of your visit and your
danger. Passing out beyond this curtain of descending water you regain, by a slender
foot-bridge extending from rock to rock beyond the reach of the torrents, the path you
left at the head of the Cave Stairs. Retracing your steps and passing the foot of Biddle's
Stairs you reach the foot of the centre fall, just beneath Terrapin Tower. From this point
you have the finest view, attainable from the land, of the Horse-Shoe fall, which is, after
all, the fall of the whole collection. The depth of the river at the Horse-Shoe imparts a
beautiful green tinge to the cataract, which is perceptible, however, for a few feet only^
because the waters, after a short descent, acquire such velocity as to lose their cohesion
and stretch, rubber-like, into dense white flutings of silver drapery. It is from this point
that, at full moon and midnight, the Lunar rainbow is visible. Here also we see the only
completely circular Solar bow visible on the face of the globe. The spray rising beljfveen
this spot and the Canadian shore resembles the Genius found by the flsherman in that bottle-
by the Arabian sea, for it rises heavenward in a dense cloud until it fades into the general
accumulation of clouds and cloud-wreaths above. Returning via Biddle's Stairs to our
hack, we drive next to Terrapin Tower. This is a turret of stone masonry, standing in
the very midst of the Centre fall, and is reached by means of footbridges thrown from one
to another of the boulders that jut out from the bed of the grand rapids near its fearful
descent towards the maalstrom below. Crossing these I stepped from rock to rock of the
formation between the tower and the fall and stood for one giddy moment gazing down,
between my toes, into the dread gulf, while the waters hissing and whirling around,
threatened to carry me, rofik and all, into the vortex. The view from this tower takes in
almost the whole of the Horse-Shoe fall, from where the reluctant waters leave the brow
of the precipice to where they melt in mingled clouds and thunders at its base. But what
was once the Horse-Shoe has been so long exposed to the erasion of the cataract that it has
now become a flgure 7, with the top of the flgure lying over against the tower, and at right
angles with the Une of vision from its summit. The stem or base of the 7 stretches away
towards the Canada shore and forms the fall known as the Canadian fall. Here we
flnd the names of thousands ot visitors rudely carved on the wood- work ofthe tower, and
leave, lest we be tempted to try a similar foolish experiment.
It was just to the right of this tower, as we look towards the falls, that Sam Patch took
his three frightful leaps into the river. He was not quite silly enough to enter the rapids
and go over with the waters, but erecting a slender platform, so as to cause it to project as
far as possible over the brow of the precipice, he walked out on that and stepped off — feet
foremost. He was afterwards killed while attempting a similar fool-hardy feat at the
falls of the Genessee, in the midst of the city of Rochester.

The Pine and The Palm. 61
Proceeding from the tower up Goat Island, we reach the Three Sister Islands; but
these possess no special interest, apart from the fact that they resemble a succession of
huge rocks projecting from the bed of the rapids, and therefore serve to place the visitor
as it were in a safely moored boat in flie very centre and rush of the most rapid ofall the
rapids. Looking from the outermost of these islands we see the hurrying waters perform
ing all sorts of queer antics— the chief among which is that of occasionaUy leaping fifteen
or twenty feet perpendicularly into the air. In simple language, the waters from this
point appear to be drunken with an insane desire to emulate, if not eclipse, the fame of
Mr. Patch. From the Three Sisters, after a pleasant drive around the island, we retum
to the main land and -visit Point View— the last residence of Francis Abbott, the young
recluse and victim of the FaUs. This is a point just below the American fall, but it dis
closes nothing that we have not seen equaUy as well before. From Point View we cross
via the new suspension bridge — the largest and highest of its class in the world — to the
domains of the good Queen Victoria. From this bridge we have a bird's-eye view of the
whole series of falls, and stop to admire the grand and inspiring sight. The river at the
foot of the fall turns abruptly to the right — so much so that one who knew no better
would think it a different stream over the precipitous sides or banks of which the Niagara
was pouring its floods as one has often seen a creek pouring into a river. The banks of
the stream, which just above the falls are from three quarters of a mile to three miles
apart, approach within three hundred yards of each other below them, and from having
been almost level above rise to a height (or sink to a depth?) of one hundred and seventy-
five feet below. The bridge is twelve hundred and sixty-eight feet long, hangs one hun
dred and seventy-flve feet above the level of the water, and is suspended from towers of
a hundred feet in height by means of twelve wire cables weighing forty tons each, and
which, passing over the towers, are let into and soldered into the solid rock forty or flfty
feet beneath the surface of the earth. The flrst thing that arrests our attention on touching
the Canadian soil is a bazaar of Indian curiosities, trinkets, &c., which we enter, and
where a very handsome female clerk s-^indles us out of a dollar or two -with as much ease
and nonchalance as she could have done had she been, like Mrs. Anne Page, "a great
lubberly boy." Next in order we -visit, at Mr. Fulton's expense, Barnett's celebrated
museum. Here we flnd a complete skeleton of a whale whose mouth alone wUl seat
eighteen men and whose body resembles a ship stripped of her "weather-boarding." We
saw also the jaw-bone of a sperm whale, including gums and teeth complete, which was
about fifteen feet in length.
Every kind of old coin, all sorts, sizes and varieties of animals, birds, beasts, fishes,
fowls, serpents, insects, reptUes— everything and all things to be found in the heavens
above or the earth below or the waters that are under the earth were there. There were
skeletons of the human form, mummies from the catacombs of Egpyt, ObeUsks from the
NUe, with the hieroglyphics in good order, besides thousands of other things too numerous
to mention. At this point we took over-dress and guide and descended below the ruins
•of table rock to the Canadian "Cave ot the Winds." William Fergusson, our colored
baggage-master, says that this was the "greatest fraud of the season," and WilUam was
about right. They charge you $1.10, and take you beneath a littie ten foot rivulet, as it
were, from which nothing can be seen but spray and sUppery rocks. True you have the
pleasure of creeping along the side of a precipice ninety feet from its top and seventy from
its base on a foot-path not quite wide enough to aUow the placing of both feet side by side,
and where, as the guide informs you, "accidents ham happened and may happen again if
you arenot careful,"— of course it did not need that cheerful littie piece of information
to make us keep a sharp look out, but we were perhaps a mite more careful afterwards
than before. When we reach that point on the cliff where the sheer perpendicularly is

62 ¦ The Pine and The Palm.
relieved by no sign of further foothold or pajhway, we venture to suggest that it is time
to return, which all agree to and the retrogression begins. Remounting the long flight of
stone steps by which we reached the cave, we are told by the guide that "just here, near
the top, a young lady once fell one hundred and flve feet upon the ugly rocks below"—
one young gentieman mildly inquired, "Did the fall hurt her?" "No!" answered the
guide, "the faU did'nt hurt her so far as we knows on, but stopping so suddenly everlastingly
Ufted her— you bet!" We didn't "bet" but continued to ascend, with a view to paying
out our $1.10 stealage and getting rid of the suffocating oil cloths in whioh we were
wrapped from head to heels like a set of Egyptian mummies.
Returning to the American side without having seen Chippewa or Lundy's Lane or
Brock's Monument, we discover to our left the bridal veil— a littie cataract formed by the
waters of the channel leaping over the precipitous banks of the river. Two miles below we
are shown the Devil's Punch Bowl, the whirlpool Bloody Run, &c., "and that is aU I
know about Niagara." ROCHESTER.
Leaving Niagara fit 3.15 P. M. of the 19th June, we reached the beautiful city of
Rochester, the same afternoon, at flve o'clock. A committee of the City Council and press
met us at the depot, with carriages, and drove us through the principal streets of the city,
and afterwards to the magnificent nursery and grounds of Elwanger & Barry. Here we
tarried some time, walking over the grounds, through the green houses, &c. We learned
that some miUion of dollars is invested by this firm alone in this business. This is one of
the leading industries of the city. Mr. James Vick, whose name is a household word
with many of our people, has an establishment of a similar character at this place, but
owing to the lateness of the hour we did not visit it. Messrs. Briggs & Bro. also have one
which has been celebrated for many years. It is wonderful how much money is invested
in these establishments, and what f. number of hands they employ. This branch of
industry has done more, perhaps, to build up Rochester than anything else, and it is one
of the most thriving places we visited in New York.
After driving through the city cemetery— which is so beautiful in location and adorn
ment that it would detract something from the terrors of the last enemy to know that one
would be buned there, we were driven to the "Osburn House," the first hotel of the city.
Having dusted, and some having doubtiess irrigated, (for it was hot and dry, and hence
there was great temptation,) we repaired to the parlor, where we met the Mayor wifli a
number of the members of the press and other citizens. The Mayor here delivered a
formal address of welcome. He spoke substantially as follows :
Gentlemen of the Southern Press :
On behalf and in the name of the city of Rochester, I bid you a hearty welcome, and
extend to you the hospitalities of the city. Although many of you have won no individual
title to flgure in history, yet two recent events have marked emphatically the importance
of your profession. A Convention has gone all the way to Cincinnati to nominate the
white-coated editor for the White House. And but a day or two ago the flags of our great
Metropolis were set at half-mast while the founder of the New York Herald was bome to
his last resting place. It was twenty years since the press of this State had stepped for
ward to meet the wants of the people. Compare the little sheet which Franklin printed
with the great dailies issuing from New Yorki every morning— the Herald, Tribune, Times
and -World— a.nA we should appreciate at once the progress attained during the last century,
as far as news was concemed. The old philosopher had not achieved a greater wonder

The Pine and The Palm. 63
when he caught the Ughtning than that exhibited in the advance of the press. It grappled
with all subjects, it hesitated at no enterprise, it feared no outlay of capital. There were
few great questions of the day that were not discussed by the Editors of the country six
months before they came under the consideration of our grave Senators in Congress. Even
whUe we were thus met in social union, the New York press was publishing news of
what had transpired at the Geneva conference hours before the State Department could
receive any knowledge of it, or at least would be willing to transmit it to the public. In
conclusion His Honor repeated that he was glad to welcome the Southern guests to
Rochester. He hoped the sojourn would prove as agreeable to them as their advent had
been pleasant to us. In the course of the evening he trusted to have an opportunity of
gi-ving less formal but not less heartfelt utterance to his sentiments.
W. H. H. Lynn, the President of the excursion party responded as follows : On behalf
ofthe Southern Editors I thank you for the reception you have so cordially given us, and
for the tender of hospitalities of the city. We know what the influence of the press has
been in the past, but we expect it will be greater in the future. We have come among
you for the purpose of becoming better acquainted with you, and consulting in regard to
the great interests which go to make a united and prosperous people. The union of
Editors from all sections of the country could not fail of accomplishing much good. We
hope, with your help, to make this country the greatest and proudest in the world. We
trust that we shall have another occasion to meet you with more cordiality and freedom.
Again thanking theMiiyor for his kind words of welcome, the speaker concluded.
The interview was an exceedingly pleasant one, until the announcement of the banquet,
when all adjourned to the dining-hall, and were seated at the tables, which were hand
somely and tastefuUy decorated with numerous boquets of choice flowers furnished by
Messrs. EUwanger & Barry and James Vick. The banquet was gotten up in that superior
manner for which the Messrs. Bromley are noted, and it is entirely unnecessary to say
that ample justice was done the palatable edibles set before the party.
Prof. Hopkins presided, and was supported on the right by Mayor Wilder and on
the left by President Lynn. When the cloth had been removed Prof Hopkins arose
and said :
The Press of Rochester with a warm hand-clasp greets you, the representatives of the
Press of the South. What mere words of greeting shall be offerred devolves upon me to
utter, and I need not say that the task is a peculiarly pleasant one. But a year ago,
together with a goodly number of other EdUors from New York and Pennsylvania, it was
my rare privilege and great honor to enjoy the hospitality of certain Southern cities. Whai
we there experienced is history in our hearts. Our chief desire is that you may receive a
welcome here at the North not less hearty and generous, and U affords us deep satisfac
tion to do what we may in extending such welcome.
We are met to-night in the brotherhood of the press— a brotherhood which is just
humanity specialized— a brotherhood only less broad and abiding than the great and
universal brotherhood, which the press is surely working out. Such meetings quicken
fraternal sympathy, beget fraternal impulses, and will do much toward establishing
happy relations between two sections of country between which, not very long since,
there existed no bonds of fraternal union. We are not quite like the orator who knew
"No North, no South, no East, no West," and who was advised to study up his geography;
we know the points of the compass pretty well— we know a North and a South— but we
know these sectionalities are becoming less and less marked, that the press and its swift
servant, the telegraph, are making the whole world akin.
The press is doing a proud work. Yonder in a dim basement, unsightiy, dirt-begrimed
is the machine which men with small thought of its real being called a printing press. In

64 The Pine and The Palm.
its unsightUness and grime is hidden the best thought of flie age. I have sometime
fancied the press talking quietly to itself in the darkness, and this is what U has seeme
to say: There are beautiful stories that I can tell,
That fall on the ear like a magic spell,
And I whisper them sweetly to one and aU—
So sweetly that even the tear-drops fall-
To the maiden who sits in the cottage low.
To the lover who longeth her heart to know,
To the poet who dreams, and the child who waits
For the princess to open the fairy gates.
Though I'm silent to-night In my basement dim,
I am singing a sweeter and grander hymn
Than was ever breathed forth by an earthly choir.
And it thrills like the thrill of a living flre.
Aye, it rings up the vales and along the plains.
And it bears a glad hope on its sweet refrains,
Por the beautiful theme of my thrilling song
Is that Eight shall be victor at last o'er Wrong.
In conclusion Prof. Hopkins proposed, as the first regular toast of the evening, " Oi
Guests." Mr. Lynn called upon Abraham B. Venable, of the New Commonwealth, FarmvUle, Va
to respond. That gentleman said he felt that he would not do justice to' his own feelinj
should he not respond. He tendered the thanks of his brother Editors to the Rochest(
press, and to the citizens of the grand old city, for the noble reception which they kne'
would be given them. We felt when we assembled in Richmond that our reception i
the old Empire State would be a warm one. It had been one grand ovation. It argue
well for the future of the country to see the descendants of Washingtons, Jeffersons an
Monroes seated thus side by side with the sons ofthe Clintons, Jays and Livingstons, i.
long as the waves of our great lake beat upon its shores he felt that Virginia and Ne'
York would thus stand side by side on the common platform, the Union and the Const
tution. Mr. Lynn then prpposed " The Mayor and Municipality ofthe City of Rochester."
Mayor Wilder was called upon to respond, which he did briefly, saying that in h
remarks he should confine himself to the press. He said we had abolished the isotherm
lines that divided the country. The press had done a great deal toward moulding publ
sentiment more than any President or persons in high authority could do. Webster sa
that we lived under a government of law ; but PhUlips, who added a new meaning to ti
word Phillipic, declared that we Uved under a government of newspapers, and the sayii
was a true one. We are entering upon a new era. Let nothing be done to keep up ti
dissensions ofthe past. He alluded to the fraternal feeling which actuated New York ai
Virginia when they stood shoulder to shoulder in the war of the Revolution. He wi
happy to see it renewed here. He believed the majority' should rule, and that all shou!
abide by the general result, and obey the laws of the land until they were repealed. 1
was glad to see so many young men present from the South.
President Hopkins then announced the next regular toast, " The South," which wi
drank standing, and responded to by Edgar Snowden Jr., of the Gazette, Alexandria, V
He began by telling a humorous story to express his position. In the language of Csess
translated, I believe, by a man from your own State, " We have met the enemy and -9
are theirs." We shall never forget the kindness we have received at your hands. I
had often heard of the beautiful State of New York, of its beautiful scenery, &c., but n

The Pine and The Palm. 65
finely and we begin to feel envious. When beholding your magnificent Niagara, and
comparing the whirUng cataract with our own rivers, it struck me then that there was
the same difference between the people of the two sections. You are all bustle and
activity. We hope you will come down with us and infuse the same spirit of progress
and some of your enterprise into our people. The mighty strife has ceased and we should
aU, as great soldiers, meet and shake hands over the graves of our dead with
" Love and tears for the blue ;
Tears and love for the grey."
and secure the prosperity of the whole country.
His remarks were received with enthusiastic applause.
lhe next regular toast was then given by Mr. Lynn, "The People and the Press of
the city of Rochester." Prof. Hopkins called upon R. D. Jones to respond.
Mr. Jones said that there must be some mistake in this matter. As senators in Congress
say, he rose to a question of privilege. He was not a member of the press, but simply one
of its worn-out dray horses tumed out to pasture. However, he would not go on -with
that illustration lest he should tell too much of what he knew about farming. He had
lately been interviewed by a dentist, moreover, who had drawn many valuable items from
him, and no one had yet given him a pass for a new set of teeth, so that he doubted if his
words were intelligible. But although he had come as a veteran of the service to look on,
his welcome to his Southern brethren was not the less hearty. Had we known each
other better years ago perhaps many of our trials might have been avoided. It was
astonishing how a narrow frith sometimes made enemies. The welcome to the Northem
Editors a year ago had been a warm one; in response he proffered them hearty Northem
hosphality. The speaker then discussed the demands of the profession upon its members.
It was not easy now to edit a newspaper. The people expect broader scholarship and
bolder treatment of great questions. (Applause.)
Prof. Hopkins then called upon S. C. Hutchins, of the Democrat and Chronicle, who
entered as Mr. Jones closed, for a further response. He said he was glad poUtics were
ruled out on an occasion like this, when the members of the press of the two sections
lately arrayed in hostUity to each other gathered in friendly intercourse. If we should
now discuss the questions which divided us for twelve years, it would be to seek for
grounds of union, not of difi'erence. We are approaching such a union when in this way
ordinary courtesies are interchanged— such as the North and South recentiy shared in.
When they visU us they find that we are not boors, not mudsills, as we were called. Such
phrases were mere catchpenny devices. When we came together we learned to respect
each oUier, to have regard for each other's consciences. We knew that each side was
earnest in its convictions. We had advanced so far that we could at least unite on fliat
celebrated platform of Horace Greeley, "AU rights to aU men." We would doubfless aU
grant, too, that those who were unwiUing to concede these rights should be made to do so.
He alluded to the fact, that the colored delegates from Louisiana to the recent Convention
at PhUadelphia had been received on eqaul terms and witiiout prejudice at the various
hotels in the course of their journey. It argued weU to see grounds of division and sec
tional crotchets laid aside and aU willmg to acknowledge flie rights of each to labor for
himself under the law. On such a platform the country would prosper whetiier Grant or
Greeley were President.
Mr. Hopkins then made reference to tiie fact fliat the city of Rochester had been known
all flie world over as tiie "Flour" City, but recently our citizens have followed tiie ad-Tice
of tiie elder WeUer and spelled it wifli a "m«," flius making it the "Flower City." On
behalf of the people of Rochester he called upon James Vick to respond. Mr. V. said:
5

66 The Pine and The Palm.
Once our city was celebrated for its flour, from which comes the staff of life. What
was thought an adverse Pro-vidence robbed us of this notoriety, and our people mourned.
It was, however, a cloud with a sUver lining : a blessing in disguise. Now our city is
celebrated, not for the flour that feeds the body, but the flowers that feed and enlarge and
reflne the soul. The blessing of Him who paints the Uly and tints the rose— who gives
both beauty and fragrance to these children of the field, has been ours in the past, and on
this we rely for the present and the future.
We welcome you, gentlemen, to our Flower City — to our wealth of foliage and acres of
fiowers— to our happy mral homes. That no briars may infest your ways, but that all
your paths may be strewn with fiowers, is the earnest desire of one who has done a Uttle
in a modest way to make Rochester a Flower City.
The next toast proposed was "The Whole Union— may it long be preserved."—
Responded to by J. M. Keating, of the Memphis (Tenn.) Appeal. The speaker dwelt
upon the achievements of the South in behalf of the old Union, and the hopes of a new
one which should even be more glorious. He declared that the sentiment of the toast was
as dear to their hearts as to any throughout the land.
Prof. Hopkins then announced as the next toast — "The North.''
In response Rev. T. Edwin Brown, of this city, was called to speak. He said he was
not properly a representative of either North or South, ha-ving been born in Washington^
D. C, midway between the two sections. For some years his labors had been chiefly in
the North. He referred with especial gratiflcation to this recognition of the clergy in a
gathering of the representatives of the press. It is popular in some quarters to say that
the pulpit is being superceded by the newspaper. He did not believe this was or could be '
so with a pulpit true to its. high mission of appeaUng directly to the moral impulses of
men. He recognized in full the power of the press, reaching thousands of readers daily
or weekly with its utterances, and he aimed to do his part in impressing representatives of
this mighty power with a higher sense of their duties and obligations. He spoke earnestiy
of the future of the press, and closed with an aspiration for more perfect union which
such gatherings as this would greatly aid in promoting.
^I'he "Empire State" was the next regular toast, and Ex- Alderman Ezra R. Andrews
was called upon to respond. He said :
A gentleman from Virginia has said that he was proud of that State for standing
shoulder to shoulder with New York in the struggle for independence. We of New York
are also proud of the action of the State in standing shoulder to shoulder -with Virginia
and the other thirteen colonies then ; we are proud of her prominence among the States
in population and material prosperity. We are also proud of her standing face to face
¦with Virginia in the recent contest. We believed that we were right. We knew that the
South believed themselves to be right. We had each fought for a principle, and were not
controlled by animosity. Now that the issues of the contest had been settled, we of New
York hold no trace of rancor in our hearts, but extended to them cordially the hand of
feUowship. This entertainment, which symbolized our friendship, was no mere efferves
cence of champagne, no evanescent expression, but whenever our Southern friends -will
come among us, in bodies or individuals, they wUl receive a cordial welcome to our
hearts and our homes.
The chair, in a few pithy remarks, announced the closing toast of the evening—
"Woman," which was responded to in an appropriate manner by Robert J. Berkeley, of
the Richmond "Whig.
The party then broke up, but many of the editors repaired to the parlors, where con
versation was resumed.
Meyering's String Band discoursed excellent music during the evening.
Charles D. Chamblin, Secretary of the Pleasant VaUey Wine Company, who had
intended to be present, sent his "regrets" in two cases of Pleasant Valley Wine, which was

The Pine and The Palm. 67
pronounced superior by the Southerners. It needs no commendation by Rochester Editors,
for they, as well as the public generally, know what it is. The generous donor has the
thanks ofthe recipients.
By special invitation, the next morning, we visited the celebrated Seed House of Mr.
James Vick. He conducted us through every part of the estabUshment, which to say
employs one hundred and twenty-flve persons, will give some idea of its proportions. As
we left, pretty girls pinned beautUul bouquets on the lapels of our coats. Each bouquet
was fixed in a nice little colored glass holder filled with water to keep it fresh. We
prized ours very highly and determined to bring it home, but lost it, and could not replace
it at any other point we visited. We also visited the establishment of Briggs & Bro., but
being pressed for time, could not see a great deal of it. In point of business Rochester
seemed to be the most stirring place we visited in New York. It is a handsome city con
taining many elegant buildings. Just outside its limits you get a view of the lower Gen
essee PaUs, once an unsuccessful rival of Niagara, but which has been shorn of much of
its natural grandeur by the utilization of its water power for manufacturing purposes.
The sacrifice of the beautiful to the useful in this case has made Rochester one of the
wealthiest and most prosperous interior cities of the country, and looking at the results
with a business rather than a romantic eye, (as the Rochesterians evidently did,) we are
not prepared to condemn their action. CANANDAIGUA.
At ten o'clock we took the cars for Canandaigua, which we reached after a few hom-s
ride. A band of music and hundreds of citizens met us at the depot and escorted us to
the court house, which was soon filled to overfiowing with citizens.
Hon. E. G. Lapham caUed to order, and introduced the President of the VUlage, E. G.
Tyler, Esq. , who welcomed the gentlemen of the Southern Press as the guests of our village
and of our people in the following felicitous and beautiful address:
Oentlemen of the Southern Press :
It becomes my offlcial duty, here and now, to welcome you to our viUage, and, in behalf
of its citizens, extend to you its hospUalities. We welcome this visit, first, because of its
peculiar character, as an Editorial visit. In other days we have publicly received among
us distinguished individuals of our nation,— Clay, Webster, Scott; and in tiie "swinging
around that wonderful circle" by Andy Johnson, we found our viUage in its circumfer
ence ! But never befote has it been our privilege to welcome a company of Editors from
distant States of this great nation. As representatives of the Press we pay you honor, we
acknowledge your power — " the power behind the throne greater than the throne " — ^the
power that makes and unmakes Presidents, that creates and expresses pubUc opinion and
determines human affairs.
The newspaper, more than any thing else, has become the institution of this age and
nation ; for it is the embodyment and expression of the mental and physical forces which
have been developed so wonderfully in our times. For the mass of our people, it is their
only text book in Uterature, science and art, in agriculture, manufactures and commerce,
in politics, religion and law. Upon the newspaper largely devolves the settlement of the
great questions which agitate the nation, the labor question, the education question and
the question of party politics, who shaU be rulers and what our laws. As representatives
of this almost omnipotent power, we pay you honor and offer you our congratulations.
May you be equal to the responsibilities of your high trust.
Gentiemen, we also welcome you, to-day, as feUow-citizens of the great republic of the
world, and as jomt tenants of a common patrimony. We want to take you by the hand,
with '' a warm grip," as brethren of one family, and togetiier get around one table. If this

68 The Pine and The Palm.
shaking of hands, and eating together, is "a means of grace" in the Christian Church, it
certainly is not less salutary in the civU and political household. If the scattered mem
bers of" Uncle Samuel's" large family knew each other more intimately, they would hke
each other better. We will rejoice, then, in this family gathering, and will try to make
the most of it. And as the wonderful facilities of inter-communication now existing render
practicable the multiplication of these family meetings, we will hope for their frequent
repetition in the future. AU honor to the Chesapeake and Ohio RaUroad, and its efficient
traveling agent, for moving and promoting this fraternal, patriotic intercourse.
Nor should we faU to be reminded by the associations of this place*— by the counte
nances beaming upon us from these surrounding walls, that we of the present generation
are not here alone to-day, joining in these . congratulations. Truly " we are encompassed
about by a great cloud of witnesses," and the generation of the past, our eariy pioneers,
seem hovering over us, participating in these scenes. Phelps and Gorham, and Wadsworth
and Porter, and Granger and Greig, and HoweU and Sibley, and Douglass and others, '
honored names in the State and nation, they, too, seem to bid you welcome. But I must
not dwell on these themes. I will only add an expression of how littie of entertainment
and pleasure we can expect to afford you after what you have seen and enjoyed on pre
ceding days, as you have visited the enterprising commercial town which sits at the foot
of Lake Erie, and receives into its lap the commerce of vast and far reaching inland seas ;
and then on passing down the course of that mighty current, you have surveyed the gran
deur and subUmity of Niagara ; and then as you turned eastward to the once beautiful
Palls of the Genessee, and found that "the beautiful" has been transformed into "the
useful," and " by grinding at the wheel " has created a great city of manufactures, with its
princely nurseries and conservatories, and its ever green Mt. Hope.
But we have no " lions." We are only a quiet vUlage, built on a gentle slope, at whose,
base sleeps a small lake, whose principal street has indeed been described by poetic fancy,
as bathing its foot in a lake of silver and its head in the heavens, and whose locaUty
secured for it long ago its Indian name, Canadarque, "Chosen Spot," — fancies these, wild
enough to the view of a stranger, as I can conceive, but true and real to us by reason of
cherished associations and local attachments.
While we can thus promise you for the gratiflcation of the eye only this view of " beauty
in repose," we promise, perhaps, still less for the gratiflcation ofthe palate. Our summer
fruits are hardly ripe ; our chickens, I fear are too young or too old; our lamb may possi
bly be true to its name; our whiskey and brandy are bad, as they always and everywhere
are, but our cold water is good ! If, however, our fare should seem simple and scarce,
may there come to your relief the philosophy of the wise man, " better is a dinner of herbs
where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith." And though the feast of the body
be meagre may " the feast of reason and the flow of soul" be ample, and may we by our
free and friendly interchange of feeling, realize the idea expressed by one, who, when
asked to what denomination he belonged, said " to the denomination where they talk back"
Yes, brethren, let us observe the Episcopal method !
Gentlemen Editors, from the banks of the Potomac, the James, the Roanoke, and the
savannas of the South ; from the valleys and slopes of the AUeganies and the Blue Ridge,
and from the shores of the Chesapeake and the Southern Gulf, we welcome you, in this
loveliest month of the year, in these times of human history the most favored ever allotted
to our race, under a government the best ever given to man, we welcome you to the green
flelds of the Empire State, and to the shores of the Seneca and Canandaigua, of Ontario
and Erie. And may yourselves here receive something of that pleasure which your pre
sence imparts to us.
*County Court Eoom, with portraits of early pioneers upon its walls.

The Pine and The Palm. 69
Mr. Tyler's address was replied to by Mr. Lynn, President of the excursion party, in a
most happy manner. He on behalf of the members of the party thanked their friends for
the kindness ofthe reception on this occasion and for the tender of the hospitalities of the
people of Canandaigua. The press had exercised great infludnce in the past and was
destined to wield more powerful influence in the future. He said the objects of the Excur
sion were to learn something ofthe North and her people— to know of those things which
had made her and them so great and prosperous, and to aid in opening the way of estab
lishing social and business intercourse between the North and South. He beUeved our
late " unpleasantness " might have been avoided had the North and the South been better
acquainted— had they understood each other better. He spoke of the untold resources and
hidden wealth of the "Old Dominion" and other Southern States, and asked that there
might go from this section to the South, men of enterprise and means, of energy and skiU
to help build up affd develope her magniflcent resources, assuring them of a hearty and
brotherly welcome.
Hon. E. G. Lapham being called upon, briefiy addressed the audience as follows:
After the announcement that our guests are fatigued, and desire to retire, it would not be
excusable if I should detain them and the audience with any extended remarks. I wiU
only add, to what has been so well said by those who have preceded me, that I trust the
representatives 'of the Southern Press, who are now here, wUl regard the welcome they
have received as something more than a merely formal ceremony, as something more than
mere Up service. It is the expression of a sentiment that has long existed in this commu
nity. There has always been among us a sincere yearning and desire for the prevalence.
of fraternal feeling from one end of this republic to the other. And now that the great
cause of sectional strife has ceased to exist, this feeling is more intensified, and flnds a more
free expression. We can all, I trust, freely unite in the utterance of those memorable
words, in all their tremendous signiflcance, that as citizens of a common country we have
" One Union, one Constitution and one destiny."
J. M. Keating, of Memphis, foUowed in a few pertinent and and well-timed remarks
The Chairman then introduced Thomas M. Howell, Esq., who spoke substantially as
foUows :
Oentlemen — from Louisiana, Alabama, Tennessee, South Carolina, North Carolina,
Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland: We citizens, of Western New York — residents of
Canandaigua, "the chosen place" of the Empire State, reiterate the eloquent, pertinent
and heartfelt welcome of the President of our village, and extend to you, one and all, as
representatives from the Southern States, our eamest and sincere congratulations. We
welcome you as brethren, and congratulate you and ourselves that now "no pent-up
Utica contracts" your movements, but that you come among us as equal partners in the
noble heritage left us by the heroes of the revolution. We invite you to our homes.
We will show you how we live, and will have you carry back with you to your warmer
and more genia! sky, the assurance and proof that "though o'er our heads the frozen
pleiads shine," our hearts are warm, and beat flercely in unison with "the music of our
glorious Umon."
As representatives of the press, we hail you all as coming among us as harbingers of
the future perfect peace and stability of our Union ; for we know that, like the delegates
sent forth by the children of Israel, from the waste places in which they tarried to examine
the promised land, you wUl carry back a good report of our continued love and zeal for
the Union ; that you met "the enemy" in their home, and "they are ours." Time faUs me
to speak of the increasing power, influence and prosperity of the press, but as a token of its
growth in this village, I now take, the liberty of exhibiting to you the third number ofthe
first volume of the Repository, issued in June, 1803— sixty-nine years ago— in this quiet
ViUage. Those who flrst sustained the paper have all passed away, but their features have

70 The Pine and The Palm.
been preserved on the canvass that adorns these walls, and their spirits hover over this
assembly, and rejoice in this, our fraternal union. You are acquainted with the present
active and efflcient editor of the Repodtory, in whose hands the paper has increased in
size, power and usefulness. And we now take this opportunity to thank you for the cor
dial welcome extended to him and his peers on their recent visit to the South.
Genflemen, one and all, we extend to you the right hand of feUowship, and through
you, we offer to Major N. H. Hotchkiss our thanks for his part of the work in bringing
you among "us, and "bid him God speed" in this noble effort to cement a brotheriy feeling
between flie North and South. May your march through the North be peaceful, brotherly
and triumphant.
The reception over, the party repaired to their quarters at the Canandaigua Hotel,
(J. H. Sherman, Proprietor,) and the Webster House, (F. O. Chamberlain, Proprietor,) at
which places at two P. M., in company with a number of our citizens they sat down to
an ample dinner, such as these landlords are famous for pro-viding.
THB EXCURSION.
At three o'clock the party took carriages and repaired to the steamer Ontario, which
Capt. Standish, her liberal and generous-hearted commander, had tendered for an excursion
over our beautiful lake. The steamer was well loaded with guests who had been invited.
"AU aboard," and Uie littte craft gracefully moved out into the lake as if proud of the
burden she was bearing.
Notwithstanding the intense heat ofthe day, the excursion was a pleasant and agreeable
affair. Everybody seemed happy themselves and desirous of contributing to the pleasure
and happiness of others. The beautiful scenery and charming residences and resorts
along the shores of the lake, were greatiy admired and extolled. After "wooding up" at
WoodvUle, the steamer was headed for Seneca Point. A brief stop was made at Granger's
Point ; a portion of the party landed and partook of the hospitalities of his house.
Soon after our arrival at Seneca Point, supper was announced, and the party sat down
to an elegant and bountiful repast prepared by Messrs. Lee & Robinson of the Lake
House. President Tyler occupied a seat at the head of the table, with Rev. Mr. Allen
and Rev. Mr. Wilkin at his right, and Mr. Lynn, President of the Southern Excursionists
al his left. When all were seated Rev. Mr. AUen invoked a blessing. A due and liberal
discussion of the various viands then followed, and the party adjourned to the beautiful
groves, where an hour was passed in recreation and rest. Much credit is accorded
"mine hosts" of the Lake House for their courtesy and liberality on the occasion. Their
efforts to please and gratify their guests proved a complete success.
At halfpast eight P. M., the party again boarded the "Ontario," and were soon safely
landed at the dock and were escorted to their several homes for the night, delighted -with
the day's enjoyment. DRIVE ABOUT TOWN.
At nine A. M. Friday, carriages were taken for a drive about town and a visit to Brig
ham Hall, where the Southerners had been by Dr. Cook kindly invited to c&W. A num
ber of citizens accompanied them. Owing to the want of time the drive was necessarily
short. Portions of Main, Gibson, Park, Howell, Pearl, Bristol and a few other streets
were visited. A brief call was made at McKechnie's immense Brewery, through a part of
which they were shown. It is a model institution of the kind. They were well pleased
with the call, for on leaving they a\\— smiled.

The Pine and The Palm. 71

AT BRIGHAM HALL.
The party were cordiaUy received by Dr. Cook and his estimable lady, and Colonel
Cook, the superintfendent. They were conducted through the several wards of the institu
tion, and were aff'orded an opportunity of Inspecting the same. One of the party is a
Duector in the Virginia State Asylum for Insane, and he, as did all, expressed surprise
and admiration at the admirable arrangements for the comfort, safety and amusement of
the unfortunate inmates, and at the perfect order and neatness that prevailed throughout,
as well as the beauty and cheerfulness of the surroundings. After inspecting the building,
the party were assembled in the parlors and a short time given to social intercourse, during
which refreshments were served. The party were then conveyed to the depot, and left on
the 11.30 train for Watkins, as happy a set of good feUows as we ever saw. Thus ended
the Southern Editors' visit to Canandaigua
The party were profuse in tjheir expressions of gratiflcation and delight over the cordial
manner in which they had been welcomed and entertained here, and of admUation of the
beauty of our village and ofthe generous hospitality of our people. They averred it was
the nearest approach to old time Southern hospitality they had ever met with, and that
their visit to Canandaigua, and the pleasant excursion over her beautiful lake, would ever
remain bright in their memory. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
We desire here to acknowledge in behalf of the committee of arrangements, and the
Press of this vUlage, grateful thanks to Mr. J. H. Shearman of the Canandaigua Hotel,
and to Mr. F. O. Chamberlain of the Webster House, lor their generous liberality in gra
tuitously providing lor our Southern guests a bountiful and elegant dinner ; and to Mr.
A. J. Switzer, agent of the Urbana Wine Company, for a liberal supply of most excellent
wine served at the dinner tables here ; and to Mr. Caulkins of the Naples Wine Company,
for a like supply intended for Seneca Point, but which for satisfactory reasons was not
opened . Also, to Captain Standish for the use of the steamer Ontario for the excursion ;
and also to Captain Herendeen for a like tender of the steamer Canandaigua. To Messrs.
Hildreth, Coy, Lucas, Finley, Drury, and many others, thanks are also due for valuable
aid in making this visit of our Southern brethren one of unalloyed enjoyment.
For the Eepository and Messenger.
CANANDAIGUA'S HOSPITALITY.
Mr. Editor : — Permit a Southern stranger to express his grateful appreciation and
recognition of the open-hearted and elegant courtesies and hospitaUties extended to him
and to others of the Editorial Excursion party, in their recent visit to your attractive town.
Canandaigua will long be remembered by us as a " chosen spot." Our reception by the
President of your town was well calculated to impress us with the idea that we were in
the midst ofa refined, intelligent and cultivated people, nor did our subsequent interviews
and intercourse with your citizens show that we were mistaken. To Professor Tyler and
his family we are under especial obligations for home courtesies and kindnesses such as
would do honor to the most generous and open-hearted of our Southern citizens. We
have found, indeed, in the "chosen spot," that for which the human heart sighs most
fondly — the enchanting charms of refined and cultivated and beautiful home life. In our
far away Southern homes we shall long remember all we felt, and heard and saw in
Canandaigua. Not even did our visit to your admirably arranged and most happily con
ducted Insane Asylum create within us those sad emotions which fill the mind when

73 The Pine and The Palm.
gazing upon the unfortunates who are afflicted with minds diseased. The Asylum, in
charge of Dr. Cook and his accomplished lady, is rendered as pleasant as it is possible for
such a place to be. The rooms occupied by the unfortunates were all comfortable and
wore an air of cheerfulness calculated to arrest the first signs of a return to reason. Surely
your Insane Asylum, as at present arranged and conducted, is one of the most attractive
features of the " chosen spot."
But I find myself wandering from the main object of this brief communication, which
was to assure your good people of the fact, that our recent delightful visit and short
sojourn with them has filled us with emotions and memories which will be long and
sacredly cherished by us aU. A Southbkneb.
Canandaigua is memorable, in this country, as the spot from which William Morgan.
was abducted in 1836 or 1837 and carried to Canada. I was shown the jaU from which
he was taken at night and the line of fiight pursued by his captors (or liberators) through
the village. The event has not been forgotten by the older citizens of Canandaigua, some
of whom are anti-masons in consequence of it even until the present day.
PENN YAN.
After taking the cars for Watkins, our leader informed us that the good citizens of Penn
Yan had resolved upon our capture, and that as they would hear to no denial he had
resolved to stop off there until the arrival of the next train, at six P. M. Of course all
hands agreed, because Hotchkiss is the autocrat of our breakfast, dinner and supper table,
and whatever he says is law to the party. At Penn Yan, therefore, whither we were
accompanied by several citizens of Canandaigua, including Mr. Mattison the excellent
littie "local" of the "Repository," we quitted the cars and were immediately in a long
line of carriages and being whirled away toward the head of Keuga Lake to take the
steamer Steuben for the wine cellars of Urbana. Out upon the waters of Keuga, another
of these lovely little mountain mirrors of crystal ; we had the escort of a large number of
the leading citizens of Penn Yan and two or three baskets of champagne, beside a couple
of dozens of still wines from the ceUars oftiie Pleasant VaUey Wine Company, which Ue
within sight of our little boat, but which the limited time at our command forbids us to
-visit. At the distance of eighteen miles from Penn Yan, and four from the head of the
Lake, we round to and pour en masse into the first regular wine cellar that many of us have
ever seen. The first noticeable feature of this underground magazine of "mirth and youth
ful joUity" is the chilly breath of the atmosphere, which certainly cannot exceed fifty-two
degrees in temperature. The next is the immense pyramid of wine casks which extends
from end to end of the cellar and the casKs contain from one hundred and ten to one
hundred and twenty gallons each. We then observed the vats, the stills, the bottlmg
apparatus, the corking machine, &c., &c., partake of a bountiful coUation in the rooms
above, destroy within a fraction of fifty botties of the sparkling vintage of the company
and return to the boat, which has by this time notified us through the shriU medium of
her steam whistle that if we would not miss the six o'clock train it is high time we were
returning. Obedient to the summons, we leave Urbana and a few moments later are
ploughing the waters of the Keuga (crooked) Lake on our retum.
WATKINS.
At sunset that evening we reach Watkins, at the head of Seneca Lake. Our party was
waited upon without delay by the owners, Messrs. Curry & Murphy, of the beautiful
Uttle lake propeller Henrietta, who kindly invited us to join them in a moonUght excur-

The Pine and The Palm. 73
fiidn to Hector Falls, a beautiful little cascade about three miles down Seneca Lake, which
we consented to do without much urging. Accordingly, at eight P. M., we left the wharf
in company with the gentlemen already referred to, Mr. Gano of the Watkins Express
and Capt. J. J. Lytle, proprietor of the Glen and its cosy Uttie Mountain House. In the
•cabin of the Henrietta we found wines and other liquors in abundance together with a
box of the celebrated Paul Morphy cigars, on which all hands regaled themselves during
the trip. Thus accompanied, and thus provided for, any excursion would have proven
to be a deUghtful affair. How much more deUghtful therefore was this, which conducted
us in our little shallop across the pellucid waters of one of the loveliest lakes in America
to one of the most romantic scenes in this land of romance and natural beauty ? I said
"our little shaUop" because the Henrietta, although affording ample accommodations for
all of us who joined in the excursion, was not more than eight or nine feet in width by
forty in length, and rocked like a cradle whenever "our infant," Mr. Poster of the Char
lottesville (Va.) Chronicle, a gentleman weighing two hundred and eighty pounds avoir
dupois, crossed from one side of it to the other. Still, however, it was a steamer, and one
•ofthe most pleasant for a small excursion party that could well be imagined. Shortiy after
nine o'clock we returned to our quarters and retired to rest, with the understanding that
at eight o'clock the next morning the exploration of Watkins Glen should be commenced.
The village of Watkins is situated on a narrow strip of level land intervening between the
head of Seneca Lake and the mountains which overlook its Southern terminus. Owing
to the fact that the level strip of which I speak is not more than two hundred yards in
width the number of streets leading through the village from north to south is confined
to one or two of which FrankUn is the chief and most extensive. Passing down this
street until we reach the southern limit of the town we observe, fifty yards away to our
right, a huge chasm opening from the summit to the base of the frowning precipice in
Which the mountains there terminate, from the centre of which a small stream of crystal
water comes leaping down from an altitude of sixty or seventy feet into a basin hewn out
ofthe soUd rock below. This is the entrance to the glen— the gateway to an amphitheatre
of natural scenery and majestic beauty equal in many respects and superior in others to
the grandest of the views that strike the tourist at Niagara. From the point I have
described to the farther limit of the glen the total ascent is eight hundred feet perpen
dicular, but in order to reach that altitude a journey of more than a mile is necessary.
From the evidence furnished by the rocks and the strata of this glen it is clear that the
Uttle stream before referred to has been the instrument in the hands of God for the hewing
out ofthe wondrous Temple through which U still pursues its ever varying journey to the
waters of the lake.
Thus we observe that where the waters now fall, huge basins, varying in depth from
three to thirty feet, have been cut from the solid rock. And as these basins occur at regu
lar intervals all along through the wild, weird rock ribbed halls that intervene between
the several falls, U is clear that time was when the fall, now farther away to tiie westward
poured its corroding fioods into their depths. The exact conformity of the strata of one
side of the glen with the strata of the other side is another evidence tiiat the theory I have
advanced is correct. But however that may be, or from whatsoever cause produced tiie
existence of the glen is a powerful, impressive reality, and seldom fails to arouse in the
mind of the visitor aU the veneration with which nature has endowed him. It appears to
have been created by some mighty shock, which, severing the mountain from summit to
base, opened up a scene of beauty and grandeur rarely or never equaled this side of the
Alps or Appenines. At times, while threading its wondrous stone galleries, you look up
and are startied to see the frowning waUs rising two or three hundred feet perpendiculariy
above your head and approaching each other so closely at the top that the branches ofthe
trees stretch across the chasm and clasp hands with those that reach out from the opposite

74 The Pine and The Palm.
side. Every twenty or thirty yards you are confronted with a new elevation of the bed of
the Glen, and here U is that the numerous cascades and cataracts that mark the course
of the littie glen-streamlet occur. Of these aU are beautiful, and many, on account of the
elevation from which they fall, are grand and imposing. The first scene which greets us
after climbing the entrance staircase and entering upon the section known as Glen Alpha
is the " Entrance Cascade." This is a narrow thread of water shooting out from an angle
in the rocks into a deep ten-foot basin sixty feet below. Here a littie bridge spans the
stream over which we pass to the south bank. From this point, looking up the glen, dark,
towering, irregular /cliffs of rock rise, one above another, till they seem to meet in the
distant clouds and shut out the sunshine of heaven. A littie narrow thread of sky is aU
that remains to us of the worid we have left, and even that is barred and spangled with the
branches of trees and the tufts of foliage that hang like bannerets over the awful chasm.
A short distance above the bridge w« have just crossed, we ascend a fiight of steps to a
pathway cut from the solid rock which seems to cling to the sides of the precipice aa
though it feared to fall. This pathway brings us within the " Entrance Gorge" and in
full view of the lovely littie cascade known as Minne-ha-ha or " the laughing water."
The water, broken several times in its fall is dashed into foam and spray which form a
bright and beautiful contrast to the dark, rocky, sullen surroundings. At the end of the
pathway we encounter a small rustic seat from which a charming -view may be had of
both the upper and lower sections of Glen Alpha. Leaving this place of rest and refresh
ment we mount another staircase and a few steps further on still another of great height
and almost perpendicular position, in the midst of what is known as the Labyrinth of the
Glen. The channel is here very narrow and spanned by a plank bridge, crossing which
we ascend the few stone steps that lead to the foot of the perpendicular staircase and climb
?,lmosl wearily up to the north side once more. Just above the long, or perpendicular
staircase is the " Cavern Cascside" — a wide, bright sheet of sparkling water which, bursting
boldly forth from the overhanging cliff, whirls, leaps and thunders down into a pool, said
to be thirty feet deep, at its base. Before mounting the stairs we pass up the glen a few
steps on the table or shelf of rock that supports the staircase and enter " The Grotto "
immediately in the rear of the descending floods. From this point, looking down the glen,
our vision is veiled by the sUvery sheet of falling water, but the light of the outer world
gleaming through the translucent cataract produces an effect and yields it a beauty which
it would be in vain to attempt to describe. On either side and behind you, the rocky
grotto shuts you in and the pealing anthem that rises heavenward from the waterfall flUs
it with reverberating echoes that ring in your ears long after the scene has melted from the
eye. Returning to the staircase, and climbing flfty feet higher, we have a view of the
Profile Gorge in Glen Obscura— so called because of a striking Indian profile once visible
among its outlines. This section of the glen is called Glen Obscura because of the fact
that it has never yet been opened to explorers. We must therefore leave the chasm
entirely and take Captain Lytle's Mountain House in our course if we would visit the
upper and more striking sections of the glen. Just opposite this house Captain L. has
erected a splendid bridge across Glen Obscura by means of which we pass to the south
bank and take a hurried peep at the splendid new hotel now being erected under his
supervision, for the better accommodation of the visiting public.
The upper portion of Glen Obscura is called the Mystic Gorge for reasons simUar to
those which gave name to the glen. The " Sylvan Rapids " leap from Glen Cathedral
into the " Whirlpool Gorge," presenting a very beautiful appearance as they leap and
whirl along through their narrow and tortuous channels, and this Whirlpool Gorge is the
last of the sub-divisions of Glen Obscura.
A platform bridge spans the Sylvan Rapids, crossing which to the south bank we stand
in the vestibule of Glen Cathedral — so called because of its regular cathedral like outline

The Pine and The Palm. 75^
and because no other name would suit it better. The Cathedral is an immense oblong
amphitheatre nearly four hundred y.ards long, enclosed within perpendicular walls of
rock rising to the stupendous height of three hundred feet— about thrice the height of our
loftiest church spires— and clad with mosses, ferns, lichens, clinging vines and other
tapestry of nature's handicraft— the dome of which is the covering arch of blue and the-
floor the soUd masonry carved and fashioned by the hand of God. In the upper end the
"Central Cascade" forms the choir, and as its waters dash from rock to rock in their
"perilous descent" a perpetual hymn of praise rises from its roar to the Inflnite and Great
Architect of this magnificent temple. The "pool of the Nymphs" is very inappropriately
situated in this Cathedral, because although a very lovely little pool its name is not pre
cisely suggestive of the devotional feeling which ought to be inspired by a cathedral of the
magnitude and grandeur of this one.
Wfe leave Glen Cathedral by the grand staircase which takes us up into the "Glen of
Pools." From a rustic bridge in this glen we view the "Matchless Scene," one of the
most beautiful of views that the eye of man ever rested on. A Uttle farther on we visit thfr
"Triple Cascade" and the "Rainbow Falls." The "Rainbow FaU" is caused by the entrance
into the glen of a small streamlet which falling from an overhanging rock of semi-circular
contour takes the semi-circular or rainbow shape of the rock, besides showing at all times,.
when the sun can reach it, a beautiful bow reaching from its base almost to its top. Our
path leads us between Rainbow fall and the rock from which it descends, so that when once
fairly within the miniature "Cave of the Winds" we are once more shut out by a veil of
sUver from the world beyond. Emerging from behind this veil we stand almost at the
very foot of the "triple cascade," by many visitors deemed to be the finest in the glen.
From this point we pass to Glen Difflculty, in which are many splendid views and scenes,
including "the Shadow Gorge," "the Artist's Dream," "Pluto's FaUs," and others of like
celebrity and beauty which we have no time to mention more particulariy. After
threading all these mazes, climbing all these staircases, and viewing all these scenes, it
strikes our kind entertainers that we must be both fatigued and hungry; so without wait
ing to consult our wishes they hurry back to the Mountain House and order refreshmenta
to be served as we return. And served they were with a most liberal and generous hos
pitality. I am almost ashamed to confess it; but, confess or not, the fact is none the less
indisputable, that here again we destroyed two or three dozens of champagne, besides any
amount of ice creams, lemonades, cakes, confections, fruits, &c., &o. All this was furnished
bythe Seneca Grape and Wine Company and by Capt. Lytie ofthe Glen, whose kind and
unremitting attention to our wants and comfort during our stay in Watkins wiU not soon
be forgotten. Other gentlemen of Watkins were also equaUy kind and hospitable, but as
I knew not the names of all, even while they were with us, it is by no means to be won
dered at that I fail to record them here. •
Returning from the glen a number of our party purchased stereoscopic views of its most
striking scenes, over which in other times they propose no doubt to conjure up the plea
sant thoughts and wild fancies that teemed through their brains while gazing on the
wondrous originals they so well represent. We also saw one or two chromos of " Views
in the Glen," which were very perfect and very beautiful. Messrs. Offutt of this city have-
a very fine chromo of the " Rainbow Fall," which is as true to nature as nature itself.
GENEVA.
Leaving Watkins at 3 P. M., by steamer on Seneca lake, we reach Geneva, forty miles
distant, at 5.30, where we are met on board by the Mayor, Mr. Southworth, and a deputa
tion of citizens, who, in formal addresses, bid us welcome to their beautiful " vUlage."

76 The Pine and The Palm.
Seneca lake is one of the most remarkable bodies of water on this continent. It is forty
miles in length and from three to five in width— so deep that in many places it is unfa
thomable by any ordinary means of sounding, and so clear that objects twenty feet beneath
its surface are distinctly visible. It rarely or never freezes over even in the depths of the
most rigorous northern winters, and never rises above the temperature of good spring or
well water. It has never been known to become sufflciently warm for bathing purposes
and is seldom or never at perfect repose. On each side it is margined by well tilled vine
yards and beautiful farms which descend the mountain slopes to the water's edge and are
mirrored in the blue waters ofthe lake with wonderful beauty and precision. Nearer the
summits of the beleaguering hUls, the cosy littie farmhouses peep from their manties of
green foliage, and overlooking the landscape below, present a picture of perfect peace and
index a contentment on the part of their owners that make one envious of their happy and
sans souciant lot.
When the greetings were over and our party had had time to make a few preliminary
arrangements, carriages were furnished us in which we were driven through the magnifl
cent nurseries that have rendered Geneva famous from one end of the Union to the other.
None of these contain more than four or five hundred acres of land, but they are tiUed
just as we till our corn or cotton and are kept as clear of grass and weeds as a well culti
vated garden. After passing through the various nurseries. Major Nicholas received and
entertained the Excursionists at his splendid mansion near the city. Here we had the
finest of wines and brandies, native and foreign ; ice creams, lemonades, fruits, cakes, and
other confections, in the first of which many a toast was drunk and under the inspiration
of which many a speech was delivered by both parties to the entertainment.
Berkeley, of the Richmond -Whig, was especially eloquent on the ladies ; and the lovely
recipients of his glowing, but well deserved compliments, would not rest content untU
they had prevaUed on Judge Dusenberry, of Geneva, to respond, which he did in a short,
but very appropriate address. From Major Nicholas' we retumed to the FrankUn House,
where an invitation reached us from Mr. A. A. GuUe tendering the free use of his cigar
store, during our stay, and from another gentleman in an adjoining store, (whose name
however we failed to catch,) making us welcome to his soda fount at all times, " without
money and without price." Here too, at night, an elegant banquet was served, which
extended, in point of time, from nine P. M., until far along towards the wee sma' hours
and was characterized throughout by the utmost harmony and fraternal feeUng. Mr-
Parker, Editor of the Oazette, presided with great dignity, and, as the various toasts that
followed the advent of the wines circled the board, called now on this friend and then on
that to respond. At last, when the subject as well as the wine supply had been well nigh
exhausted, the whole company rose, and after singing "Auld Lang Syne" in very sober
-style, aU thin§s considered, separated for the night. The Sabbath morning that followed
was spent at church. A Quakeress, Miss Smiley, of Philadelphia, preached in one of the
Presbyterian churches, and our good old friend Baylor, of Staunton, Va., was so enthused
with her oratory that we looked for him to purchase a broadbrim before the excursion
was over. He did subsequently lay the predicate and provide the excuse for such a pur
chase by throwing his hat from a moving train on the Switchback road, under the pretence
of waving it at a bevy of passing ladies, but the conductor of the train, with an extra
politeness for which we apprehend he received but few thanks, stopped the "machine"
and recovered the lost tile. So the Major's benevolent designs were defeated and he
retumed to his lovely Valley no more of a Quaker than when he set out on his tour.
"We add a more extended account of the Excursionists' visit to the city of
Geneva :

The Pine and The Palm. 77
Our friends of the Southern Editorial Excursion party have come and gone. The
opportunity aff'orded us for personal intercourse has been brief, but sufflcient, we trust, to
awaken in them, as well as our community, a feeling of reciprocal and enduring regard,.
that entities us hereafter to regard them as friends, in the most enlarged and grateful
acceptation of the word. Coming among us on Saturday evening and leaving on Monday
morning, their reception, though quite informal, was cordial in the highest degree. Our
guests were manifestiy glad to dispense with formal ceremony, in view of the warm wel
come which greeted them in the glance of every eye and in the earnest utterance of every
tongue. Recognizing the main purpose of their visit, and reaUzing the force of the senti
ment that inspired it, our people vied with each other in endeavoring to make their stay
among us pleasant and agreeable.
The Excursionists being expected to arrive in the Onondaga about five o'clock, P. M.,
the committee, as heretofore announced, had arranged to receive them on the boat, in
order that the brief interval of daylight might be most fully availed of for the drive through
and around the vUlage and the various nurseries, as well as other points of interest in the
environs. Accordingly, the Chairman of the Committee of Reception and President of
the ViUage, Mr. Southworth, with the other members of the committee, attended by about
twenty private carriages, were in waiting at the steamboat landing when the Onondaga
arrived. Mr. Southworth with a portion of the committee met the party on the prome
nade deck, where Mr. Parker, who had joined the party at Dey's Landing, introduced
him to our guests. Mr. Southworth briefly addressed them in a few unpremeditated
remarks substantially as follows:
Gentlemen of the Southern Press :
It is with much pleasure that I, in the name and in behalf of the Trustees and Citizens,
welcome you to Geneva, and tender you the hospitalities of our village. There are, I am
well aware, many here present who could do this far more gracefully than I, but if this
welcome be expressed in homely phrase, beUeve me that it is none the less heartfelt ; and
I trust that you will carry Elway with you some pleasant reminiscences of your brief
sojourn amongst us.
You wUl, I trust, excuse the brevity of my remarks, as public speaking is not one of
my accomplishments. I will therefore conclude by informing you that carriages are in
waiting to carry you through some of our principal avenues, to enable you to judge for
yourselves of the beauties of Geneva and its environs, which we think are neither few nor
far between, and will, in some measure, repay you for your visit I trust, gentlemen, that
this arrangement will meet with your approbation.
W. H. H. Lynn, Esq., of the Staunton (Va.) Vindicator, President of the Excursionists,
called upon R. W. Hunter, Esq., ofthe Winchester (Va.) Times, to respond to the welcome
of Mr. Southworth. Mr. Hunter, in a most feeUng and appropriate manner, expressed
the grateful appreciation of himself and party for the warm and hearty welcome they had
received so far on their journey from the people of New York. Coming himself from Old
Virginia, the mother of States, with the party, in whose behalf he spoke, representing
besides the States of Maryland, the Carolinas, Alabama, Louisiana, Tennessee, Kentucky,
and in short, he miglit say, the whole of that great expanse of country lymg between the
Maryland border and the Rio Grande, into this great State, witnessing its wonderful
achievements in industrial progress, and the great material prosperity so manifest on every
side, was glad to make the acknowledgement that the titie of "EmpUe State" was her
rightful due. He felt that he was enjoying a great privilege in this delightful excursion,
and in behalf of his associates in the party, he could only say that words were too feeble
to express their sense of the unmeasured cordiality with which they had been received

78 The Pine and The Palm.
•here and elsewhere. They accepted with unfeigned pleasure the hospitality so hand
somely tendered by the people of Geneva, through their President.
THE DRIVE.
The party were then escorted to the carriages provided by the committee of reception,
comprising many of our prominent citizens, who had furnished their private equipages
for the occasion, and with two members of the committee in each carriage as the escort of
two of the excursion party, took a drive in accordance with the programme as heretofore
published. The line of carriages numbered about twenty, and as it swept out of Uie
vUlage into the open country on the north presented quite an imposing array. The flne
points of view which presented themselves in quick succession were highly appreciated.
The grounds of the different nursery establishments skirted by the party were of course
objects of much interest and comment among the visitors.
The business quarters and grounds of the nursery estabUshments of Sears, Henry & Co.,
A. L. Torrey, Richardson & VaU, W. & T. Smith, Maxwell Brothers, Robert Simpson,
Nicholas & Newson, Graves, Selover, WUlard & Co., Richardson & Nicholas, Herendeen
& Van Dusen, and Bronson & Herendeen, were passed in the order in which they are
named, the whole party coming to a halt, but not alighting, in the elegantly adomed
grounds of Messrs. Graves, Selover, WUlard & Co., where every member of the party was
presented by the proprietors with a tasteful boquet, a deUcate attention that was highly
appreciated. Our visitors expressed themselves as greatly astonished at the apparent
extent of the business, and the great expanse of ground occupied by the growing and
thrifty stock, and that the sales of the different establishments in the Southern States had
already reached so large a flgure. AT WHITE SPRINGS.
Proceeding again, the party soon reached the elevated ridge of the pre-emption road
and were charmed by the extensive and beautiful prospects that burst upon the -view on
crossing "Canandaigua turnpike.'' A lively pace soon brought them to the gateway of
the White Springs Farm. Entering the grounds of this noble estate on the west, the view
of the ample lawn sloping to the road and shaded by the lofty elms planted by Judge
Nicholas when he located upon this princely domain, on coming from Virginia nearly
nearly seventy years ago, is always impressive to every visitor. Of course it was not lost
upon the gentlemen who were now seeing it for the flrst time, The carriages were then
driven to the west door ofthe mansion of the present proprietor, Hon. George W. Nicholas,
where, in accordance with the arrangements and his invitation, they were to alight for a
brief visit before they returned to town. The party was received here without formaUty
by Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas, with a party of other ladies of the famUy, and then proceeded
at their leisure to enjoy the grand views which are presented on the east side of the
mansion, among the flnest which our vicinity affords. A fine opportunity was here
afforded while strolling through the beautiful gardens and over the velvet sward which
stretches down to the springs, for the interchange of social converse, and the pleasant
impressions, of which the occasion was so suggestive. The attention of the party was
soon called by the host to a light repast which the ladies had spread, on a table, hand
somely decorated, and set upon the lawn. The refreshment, garnished -with an inspiring
accompaniment of stUl and sparkling native -wines, was very aoceptable to the committee
men as well as the guests. The scene presented on the lawn was peculiarly striking and

The Pine and The Palm. 79
picturesque. The informality of the entertainment gave it an especial charm and added
to the pleasure and enjoyment of the occasion. As the sun was declining in the west and
gilding the tree-tops and the fringes of the shrubbery with its departing glory, Mr. Lynn,
in behalf of the guests, requested the attention of the company to a sentiment aboul to be
proposed, and Mr. Waird, ofthe Richmond Enquirer, said:
Gentlemen of Geneva, and Members of the Southern Press :
What spot could be more fitting on which to meet than on these grounds — owned by a
family whose name extends back to the colonial history of Virginia — I therefore offer as a
toast the following sentiment : " New York and Virginia — May they in joining hands
cement the union of the North and the South.''
This graceful compliment was enthusiastically applauded. Mr. Nicholas in response
said : I have invited you here, gentlemen, to enjoy the beauties of our scenery and to
refresh you after your drive, not to bore you with speeches, of which I apprehend
you have had enough for the present, and I hope you will make yourselves entirely
at home.
In response to a toast offered by Mr. S. H. Parker, of the committee, compUmentary to
the ladies who had prepared the entertainment for the party, Mr. Berkeley, representing
the -Whig of Richmond, Va., responded in a few touching and most feUcitous remarks,
which fairly captivated his auditors. The beauty of his graceful and earnest tribute to the
ladies, and to all who had participated in the hospitable welcome to their homes his party
had received, here and elsewhere, would only be dimmed by an attempted report by us,
and so we forbear the effort. It needs not to be put on paper to secure a lasting recollec
tion among those who heard it.
As the drive through the village had not been completed, and t-wilight was coming on,
the time for returning to town was announced, and after exchanging a mutual good-bye
with their host and the ladies, the carriages were again brought into requisition, and,
leaving by the eastern gate, the party were driven to the head of Main street, and thence
through it to the quarters provided for them at the Franklin House.
COURTESIES.
Returning from the drive and aUghting at the Franklin, two envelopes were handed to
Major Hotchkiss, one from J. M. Page & Son, of the Bazaar, and the other from Geo. A.
GuUe, tendering to the Excursionists as much of their stock of goods as was required
during their stay here. The generous offer was accepted, and the soda fountain of the
Pages was kept running tiU midnight of Saturday without fear of exhausting the supply,
WhUe the fragrant cigars, both of home manufacUire and foreign brand, readUy took -svifli
our visitors at GuUe's headquarters. WiUard N. Smith and Zobrist & Pariridge, too,
opened their respective drug houses eariy Sunday morning, and by their carefully pre
pared prescriptions furnished relief for present iUs as weU as preventive from Uls to
come. No more needed want could have been de-vised.
AT THE FRANKLIN.
At 9i P. M. the guests were banqueted at the Franklui House. The affair was
exceedingly pleasant. That part of the entertainment which consisted in assaulting
and putting down the creature comforts, substantial and otiierwise, with which the
tables were fumished, was conducted with a spirit worthy of the occasion; and on a

80 The Pine and The Palm.
' new field of battie Northerner and Southerner crossed arms again. Peace hath her
victories as well as war— and we now chronicle the fact that before the supper ended.
each, the North and South as here represented, had quite won the other's heart. A large
number of the most influential of our citizens sat at the tables. A couple of hours passed
most pleasantly and profltably. The conversation between our citizens and the'ir guests
was quite animated and we doubt not was mutuaUy agreeable and instructive. Two of
the Southern Editors made speeches during the evening. Their brief addresses were
received with very marked favor, and could they be heard throughout the land would do
much to restore — to create anew feelings of fraternal love between the North and the
South. The conspicuous elements in their remarks were sincerity, earnestness, and
unequivocating and unaffected loyalty to the Union and the country. Mr. J. W. Friend,
of the Petersburg Progress, and Mr. J. W. Keating, of the Memphis Appeal, wUl long be
remembered here for their manly and stirring words on this occasion.
At the close of the entertainment, the entire party gathered around the two long tables,
arose, clasped hands, forming a continuous ring about the room and joined in singing
that grand tune, "Auld Lang Syne ;" and as the first words of it were uttered — "Should old
acquaintance be forgot" — the friendship seemed to grow stronger — and as the tones grew
louder— more earnest and heartfelt — it seemed to aid in "spreading the cement of brotherly
love and affection, which unites us into one common band or society of friends and
brothers, among whom no contention should ever exist, but that noble contention or
rather emulation of who can best work and best agree."

A DAY OP REST.
After a quiet Sunday, during which our guests were the recipients of warmly tendered
hospitalities of many of our citizens, they left us at an early hour on Monday morning,
leaving behind them the fragrance of most plesant recoUections and carrying with them
the highest respect and regard of our people, for their marked intelligence and the high-
toned frankness and geniality of their personal bearing.
The Excursionists took the train on the New York Central and Hudson River Road-
one of the best roads that man ever built — and within two hours were safely landed in
Syracuse. SYRACUSE.
We stopped for a few hours at Syracuse, a finely built and beautiful city, where are
the most extensive salt establishments in the country, which very properly entities it to
the appellation of "The Salt City." We were here most handsomely entertained bya
sumptuous banquet, and a drive through the most beautiful portions of the city; and at
no place in our travels has a more hospitable and warm-hearted reception been tendered us.
On our route to Syracuse we passed within a few feet of the massive walls of the State
prison, at Aubum, which appeared strong enough to resist the most desperate and daring
attempts at escape on the part of the inmates. By the way, an insurrection of the inmates
occurred the day after our passage through the town, about a thousand of them arming
themselves with such means of attack as they could find, and demanding that they should
be released. The strong arm of the State was, however, brought to bear on the revolting
prisoners, and they were soon subdued, the greater portion quietiy resuming their several
avocations— only a few of the leaders being made subjects for punishment. Auburn ifl
very beautifuUy situated, and is well known as the home of Hon. WUUam H. Seward.

The Pine and The Palm.

ROME.

81

From Syracuse we went on to Rome, only a few hours' ride, where we fell in with a
large number of the Editorial fratemity of New York, who were en route for Watertown
to attend the annual meeting of the State Editorial Association, with all of whom we soon
established a most pleasant acquaintance. And now comes the pUing on of tbe agony
Mr. A. J. Sink, the proprietor of Sink's Opera House, had prepared a bountiful repast in
tiie immense hall of his building, and notwithstanding Syracuse had, only a few hours
previous, completely surfeited us, we were required again to try onr hand at devouring
the good things spread out before us. The Southern party were, of course, able to make
but a small inroad, but, with the assistance of the New York press gang, and a large
number of invited guests, the loaded^ tables were soon relieved of much of their burden.
WATERTOWN.
Leaving Rome, we resumed the Une of march, and about dusk reached the city of Water-
town, at which place the New York State Editorial Convention was to assemble the next
day. Here also bands of music were in waiting to escort us, and the New York Editors
along with us, to the Woodruff House— one of the most magniflcent hotels, the size ofthe
place considered, in the State of New York.
I will not undertake to tell you anything about the proceedings of the New York State
Con-vention, further than that they were prompt, to the point and harmonious. In dUect
allusion to our presence among them and as indicating the fraternal feeling with which we
had been everywhere received, a pair of clasped hands had been neatiy traced upon the
walls ofthe hall in which the sessions of their Convention were held, and Mr. Parker, the
orator ofihe occasion, made the foUowing beautiful reference in the annual address:
But I am wearying you, and must draw this disjointed production to a close. I may
not conclude, however, without expressing the sincere pleasure which I feel— which, my
brethren of the Northern Press, I know you all feel— in the presence and companionship
to-day of so many of our fratemity from the sunny South. A right glad and hearty wel
come to you, fellow-knights of the quiU and scissors— welcome to the hospitalities of our
homes and municipalities— to full communion in aU the doings and pleasures of our
annual re-union. May we forget in the reciprocal joys of this occasion, that we were ever
other than friends and brothers, sharing alike in one common heritage, God-appointed
to one common destiny.
Thanks, a thousand thanks, to the glorious old leader whose generous heart conceived,
whose infiuenee and indomitable energy have enabled him to carry out, this grand scheme
for your needed recreation and enjoyment. "Follow your leader, and fear no danger,"*
even with the same confiding faith the children of Israel followed the pillar of cloud by
day and the pillar of fire by night, conducting them safely in their journeyings out of the
*The above !s an allusion to the declaration made by the Major at the outset ofthe flrst Excursion. A
youngster, who had not the fear of his elders before his eyes, and was determined not to run his head
into the lion's mouth withont giving fair warniug, questioned in vcry decided terms the ability of a mere
agent ofa railroad to carry ont the programme which had been placed in his hands. He wanted to know
what guarantee there was for his security. He was reassured by the testimony of his brother Editors,
who had known Hotchkiss from infancy, and the Major then called out in a stentorian voice, "Follow
your leader, and fear no danger, nntU I get you into some, then ' drop me as you would a hot-potato,' aud,
all ofyou write ; but I cannot aflbrd to have sixty-one Editors after me with sharpened pens."— Ed.
6

82 The Pine and The Palm.
wUderness into the promised land. Noble Col. Hotchkiss— never so happy as when sur
rounded by and making happy his friends. A Northerner by birth — a Southerner by
adoption — a Cosmopolitan by nature and impulse, whom Webster defines as no where a
stranger, having a home in every plaoe — and I may add in every generous heart that
knows him — how much is our country indebted to him for measures and means of con
ciliating and healing sectional animosities growing out of the regretful past. For has he
not grasped and united in action upon a common fulcrum of peace and good will, the
great levers which move the world !
Finally, my brethren, let us be true to ourselves individually, to each other and to our
noble calling. Let us more strongly realize the grave responsibilities resting upon us as
moulders of public sentiment. Nor king nor potentate, nor priest nor counsellor of State,
exercises a mightier power in shaping the destinies of a nation, than we who control the
public Press. Let it be our steadfast aim to lead mankind into the way of peace, honor,
intelligence, prosperity and happiness; so that, wh«n night shall be closing in upon our
earthly existence, with the consciousness of good accompUshed far counterbalancing even
the evil we may unwittingly have done, each of us can
" Wrap the drapery ofhis couch about him,
And lie down to pleasant dreams."
At the conclusion of Mr. Parker's address, the Watertown Glee Club sang the following
words composed for the occasion, all present joining in the chorus :
The North to the So-uth.
Song of greeting to the Editors of the South, at the Annual Meeting of the New York State Editorial
Association, held in Watertown, June 35, 1873. By Arthur Dyer, of New York :
[AiB : — Auld Lang Syne.]
With muffled roar the white waves fall
On miles of yellow sand.
And gently do the sweet winds blow
Across the flowery land.
Where, blessed by mild and mellow moons,
'Neath softest azure skies,
And wooed by fervid, sultry noons,
The lovely South-land lies.
Chorus— T'he lovely South-laud lies,
The lovely South-land lies,
And wooed by fervid, sultry noons.
The lovely South-land lies.
If colder is our Northern clime.
Our hearts are warm aud true :
Since we are Brethren of the Quill,
What matters gray or blue ?
So, drifted past the storm of war
To isles of peaceful calm,
The lakes give greeting to the sea,
The pine unto the palm.
Chorus — The pine unto the palm.
The pine unto the palm.
The lakes give greeting to the sea.
The pine unto the palm.
Though States may sever, parties strive.
And wide our difi'erence be.
Yet in the kingdom of the mind
Opinions must be free ;

The Pine and The Palm. 83
And therefore, while the world goes rouud.
In every season's stress,
We'll cherish always, flrm and strong.
The nniou ofthe Press.
Chorus— TT^e union of the Press,
The union of the Press,
We'll cherish always, flrm and strong,
The union of the Press.
The President of the Convention, Mr. Hall, (who is a citizen of Watertown,) gave a
grand reception at his residence on the evening of the 37th, and the next day, taking the
Utica and Black River Road, the whole Editorial confraternity proceeded to Cape St.Vin
cent at the foot of Lake Ontario, and from thence embarked in the steamer Watertown for
an excursion down the St. Lawrence river to the Thousand Islands. About twenty-five
miles below Lake Ontario the St. Lawrence widens until it separates the New York from
the Canadian shore by six or eight miles; yet notwithstanding this, the river for the
distance ofthe next ensuing twenty-hve miles, is so filled with diminutive islands that the
littie steamer that bore us had now and then barely room to pass between them. They
are generaUy rock-ribbed to the last degree — so that one wonders to see even the stunted
trees that grow upon them and puzzles his brain to guess where they find sustenance on
such SterUe soil. Once, on the downward trip, while passing between two of these stony
Uttle dots on the surface of the river, our boat struck almost full upon a rock shooting up
from the bed of the stream. For an instant alarm was the prevalent feeling, and screams
from the ladies almost the only sound to be heard, but it so happened that, as we were
progressing very slowly and circumspectly, no damage was done. One of these Uttle
islands is owned by Mr. Pullman, of Palace Car notoriety, and on that one we stopped
long enough to enjoy a bountiful dinner, and listen to quite a number of very eloquent
and apropos speeches. Hon. Norris Winslow, of Watertown, the " Senator from Jeffer
son," in the New York Legislature, was our host on this occasion, and I am informed that
the whole of the expenses of the excursion, including the chartering of the cars and the
boat, were paid by the same generous-hearted gentleman.
The trip down the river was made on the Canada side. Returning we took the Ameri
can side, halting for a few moments at the village of Clayton, upon invitation of the pro
prietors of the Hubbard and WUton Hotels. The hospitaUties of these houses were freely
extended to the party. At 8i P. M. the " Watertown" landed her "press-gang" at Cape
Vincent. They immediately took possession of the cars and enjoyed a pleasant trip to
Watertown. While sailing so gloriously along, it was thought good by the Southem and Northern
Editors who were made happy last year when the latter met their Southern brethren at
their own homes, to organize a meeting of such as composed their party and "talk the
matter over." The meeting was held in the cabin of the steamer, and the following full
report is given us through the courtesy of Major Hotchkiss and that gentiemanly reporter,
Mr J. F. Shuey, of the Washington Globe:
A re-union meeting of the Northem Editorial Excursion party South last year and the
Southern party North at this time, was held on board the steamer Watertown while on
its trip to Pullman Island yesterday. C. B. Thompson, of tho Leroy (N. Y.) Gazette, Secre
tary. The roll of the excursion party of last year was called and eighteen members
responded to their names. The entire Southern party, numbering thirty-eight members,
was ascertained to be present. After the formal business of the meeting, gentlemen
representing either excursion party were called upon and responded in an appropriate
manner. The foUo-wing is a phonographic report of the speeches on the occasion :

84 The Pine and The Palm.
A. A. Hopkins, of the Rural Home, Rochester, said :
Mr. President, Gentlemen of the North and of the South :—l shaU say but a few words,
and these come from the heart. I am especially glad to meet those of our Southern breth
ren whom we met last year. The eighteen or twenty of us present who went South can
testify to the warm-hearted hospitality of our Southern brethren, can testify to the noble
heartedness of our leader, (Major Hotchkiss,) and can testify to the fact that our whole
journey was an ovation from beginning to end. (Cheers.)
I have been very glad indeed to see this interchange of communication. I felt when we
went away from the North last year that we started for recreation, but after a little time
recreation became a solemn responsibility, an interchange of sentiment that must result in
good or bad, and that in a wide degree. I felt when I heard that you of the South were
coming North that you too were starting upon an important mission; not merely a mission
of pleasure, though first that might be your object. I felt that you would feel as we felt,
that that mission was resolving itself into almost a solemn calling; that you should come
North and grasp hands -with us; that you should learn somewhat of us at home as we
learned much of you at your homes, and that by so learning of each other there would
come a mutual degree of understanding never before enjoyed. That we have done some
little to make your excursion a pleasure has been not less a pleasure to ourselves.
I will only add that in the future we shall feel a kinder feeling toward the South
because we went there, because we were there received as gentlemen, as brothers, (cheers,)
and I know that all of us will feel that in this fraternal meeting we have come together
as brothers anew; that we have met the open hand at the South, and that the open hand
has given us a heart to clasp. (Loud cheers.)
W. H. H. Lynn, of the Staunton (Va.) Vindicator, President of the Southern Editorial
party, said :
Oentlemen of the Editorial Profession of the North — who were -with us last year, we are
glad to meet you again and on your native heath. We are glad to meet you as you met
us, rejoicing that we are brethren indeed. (Cheers.) We, too, wiU have the same tale to
teU when we return to our own homes of an ovation from the time that we met you in
the borders of your State to the present moment. We wiU tell them that your hands
clasped ours and your hearts responded with a feeUng only commensurate with our own.
I would be glad indeed if I could say anything on this occasion that would add to the
pleasure of this most happy reunion. I would be glad if I could tell you in language
what we all feel, but there are those around me who are more accustomed and better
adapted to speaking than I, and I therefore call upon Mr. Berkeley, of Virginia, to respond
to the eloquent address of our friend from Rochester, who has just taken his seat.
Robert B. Berkeley, of the Richmond (Va.) "Whig, said :
Mr. President and Gentlemen:— -^hen we left home, we elected the gentleman who has
just caUed my name, to give us orders, but I think he has made a mistake in calling upon
me to respond at this re-union. It was not my privilege last year to grasp the hands of
my Northern brethren, but it is a sincere pleasure that I feel now to see you, know you,
and call you my countrymen. (Cheers.) We cannot add to what we have already said
of the kindness with which we have been received in this great Empire State of our
country. From the time we touched at Elmira to this very moment, we have been
received, not only on the public thoroughfares, not only in your great cities, but in tiie
private cbcle. We have come and we have learned of this people, and we are going back
home to teU our own people a tale new to them and full of interest, since it carries a
promise of the great future before us. (Cheers.) We come from a land not favored like
yours. There are scars stUl existmg there. There is much to be done before we can
compete with you, but we believe we are leaming lessons as we go through your country,

The Pine and The Palm. 85
which learned in eamest, and practiced at home will yet bring Virginia alongside -with
New York in the great and grand march of progress in which she is now engaged. (Cheers.)
We beUeve, gentiemen of the press, that this meeting together of those who control and
direct public sentiment wUl have more to do to bring about that happy time we all so
much desire, than any one thing. There are more people reading the newspapers in these
days than ever before. A class down South have recentiy learned to read, and eagerly
catch up the daUy papers and ponder over them, and they will take new heart when we
teU them that the people of the North bear no enmity toward them. (Cheers.) I believe,
under God, that these two sections are already united. Nothing remains but that we
should know each other better, love each other more, and therefore together make this
country what it should be, and what it will be (Cheers.) I tell you, as I believe, that,
strange as it may seem, those who were but yesterday engaged in bearing another banner,
are now ready to lift this proud old flag floating over this vessel. It may seem strange,
but it is yet true, and it is not so strange. You cannot blame the people down there for
doing as they did. We yield to our surroundings in this world. We give way to the
influences brought immediately to bear upon us. You cannot accuse them of incon
sistency now, when they come back in earnest honesty, as we believe, to make this Gov
ernment, not two, but one grand and inseparable Union.
S. H. Parker, of the Geneva Courier, said :
Mr. President and Gentlemen : — Having addressed this entire party yesterday, I did
not suppose I should be called upon to add anything further. But I arise to add this
much — to bring to your mind a sentiment that has been too much lost sight of, in connec
tion with our visit to the South only a year ago, and with the visit of our friends of the
South to us on this occasion. There is one proverb that I feel ought to be expunged, and
as an old Jackson democrat I am for expunging it. It is this : that corporations have no
souls. Is that a fact ? We could not have enjoyed the hospitality of the South last year
except through the infiuenee of Major Hotchkiss, and through the favors granted, at his
request, by one of the greatest thoroughfares in the United States. I refer to the manage
ment of the Chesapeake and Ohio RaUroad Company. (Cheers.) That is one proof that
the proverb ought to be expunged. We would not have enjoyed in the State of New
York a re-union of the Editorial fraternity but for the courtesy and hospitality of the raU
road companies. The New York Central has always thrown open its cars to us. The
Palace Company always extended the same courtesy and hospitaUty. AU who are in
favor of expunging the proverb will say "aye." ("Aye !") It is no more a proverb.—
(Laughter.) Mr. Hopkins.— On a beautiful May evening, a little more than a year ago, sixty of us
were gathered in the cabin of a fine steamer on the Chesapeake bay, and there we
were met by a warm-hearted man whose eloquence for the time thriUed us to very tears;
and I but speak the sentiment of the whole sixty, I am sure, when I say that we were
touched deeply and earnestiy touched by the noble speech of our noble leader, and 'svith
that speech ringing in my ears I propose three cheers for Major Hotchkiss.
Major N. H. Hotchkiss, agent of the Chesapeake and Oluo and York River RaUroad
Companies, the leader of the Southern party, arose, amidst enthusiastic cheering, and said:
Oentlemen of the Editorial Excursion who were with me South last yea/r, and Gentlemen of
the Editorial Excursion now with me from the South:
Glad am I to meet you 'here. As our friend from Rochester has said, tiie first speech
that I ever made in my life I made on board the steamer State of Virginia, on the beautiful
Chesapeake bay; and I must say that never before did I feel as I felt then. And to-day
my heart is too fuU to utter my feeUngs and sentiments.

86 The Pine and The Palm.
Gentlemen, when I sought to bring the people of the North and the South togetiier, I
felt as a Northern man by birth, I kflew the Northern people well, and as a Southerm man
by adoption I knew the Southern people well. I knew that all that was necessary to
make them friends was to have them meet, mingle together, and become better acquainted.
Upon that I acted. (Loud applause.)
When I had made the speech which was referred to, I had been traveUng from Monday
evening at 10 o'clock until Tuesday night at 11 o'clock, and during that time I had not
slept one wink. I then said it was the happiest hour of my Ufe, and it was. (Cheers.)
It was the happiest hour of my Ufe, because I had there this party of sixty Editors from
New York and Pennsylvania, on their way down South to meet a people as noble as
God ever made. (Cheers.)
Here to-day in this beautiful steamer on this lovely river, with you all around me in
this cabin, I say that my heart is too warm for utterance. All I can say is, may God
help us all to clasp hands. Never again may we feel otherwise than that, to every body
we meet North or South, hands can be extended to each other forever. (Cheers.) United
we stand, divided we fall. Let us always be united. (Cheers.) I thank you, gentlemen,
and may others who are more capable rise up to bring more Northern men and Southern
men together. (Applause.)
Mr. Hotchkiss subsequently said : I wish to add one word. It has only been through
the courtesy of the Richmond and York River and Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Com
panies that I have been able to accomplish what I have for the benefit of my Southern
friends and Northern friends. They alone deserve the credit. They employ me and pay
me for my services, and I wish them to receive at all times and under all circumstances
the credit of it wherever my name is mentioned.
B. H. Randolph, of the Wyoming County Democirat, said :
Mr. Chairman : — I do not know that I can add to what has been said* by those who
have preceded me. I started upon the excursion to the South last year with expectations
which were fulfiUed — more than fulfilled. When we left the Chesapeake and reached
Richmond we began to feel that the Southern people were friendly in their feelings towards
the North. Our minds had been worked up on questions of the day, and we did not know
whether we should experience a friendly greeting or not, but we found them ready to take
ns by the hand. When we reached the city of Staunton we were met by the President of
the Southem Association (Mr. Lynn,) and shown the friendship and hospitality of the
people of the South towards the people of the North. We met the ladies of the South in
the institutions of learning in that city — ladies from all portions of the South, and they
welcomed us warmly. We went to the White Sulphur Springs, and it was an ovation
there. At Greensboro' it was an ovation, and so all the way through we were met by the
utmost kindness from the people ofthe South. We finally found the last of those fearful
Ku-Klux. We were taken out early in the morning at the White Sulphur Springs by
Major Luck, the Grand Cyclops, and I beUeve my friend Parker was one of those who
drank the blood from the last Ku-Klux— through a straw. (Laughter.) We returned
North with a new sense of responsibility towards the people of the South, with new
feelings regarding their kindness and with the belief that they were firm in their desire to
unite North and South in one common and fraternal brotherhood. (Cheers.)
J. M. Keating, of the Memphis (Tenn.) Appeal, said :
Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen : — I did not have the honor of meeting the gentiemen
from the North on their excursion to the South last year, nor was it the pleasure of the
people of Tennessee to entertain them. But it affords me great pleasure to meet my
brethren of the North who confront the men of New Jersey, and control and direct the

The Pine and The Palm. 87
sentiment of the Empire State. We have made a great march in the South towards
improvement. Our people are industrious and have been a hardworking and energetic
people. The energy which characterized them during the war has found its very best
results within the seven years which has elapsed since 1865. It affords me pleasure to
assure you that they give to the country the very best evidence of theb desue for a reunion
in the industries in which they are engaged. We welcome all, come from where they
may, with open arms and with hearts ready to respond to every word, sentiment and
feeUng that gives expression to a common desire. It is no mere Up service, no mere
holiday talk when we stand before you and a.ssure you that we mean re-union and that
we speak for a re-union. The territory of the South covers a very extended portion of the
United States. In diversity of soil and climate, it has no parallel anywhere on earth. We
want population, and we invite the people of the North to come there with their capital.
They can flnd the best locations for farms, and in our towns and cities they wUl flnd the
very best employment for capital.
Gentlemen, I thank you heartUy for the reception you have given us on this occasion,
and I trust on a future day I wiU have the pleasure of meeting you on the banks of the
31.

A. B. Venable, ofthe New Commonwealth, FarmvUle, Va., said :
Mr. President and Oentlemen : — I must confess that my heart has been deeply touched
by the many kindnesses and hospitalities extended to myself and party, since we first
placed foot upon the soil of your grand old Commonwealth. I have had the pleasure of
viewing your beautiful country, its grand and unequaled scenery, its magniflcent lakes
spreading themselves out beneath a pure and beautiful sky, its magniflcent hills and
mountains reflected in those lakes, your splendid works of internal improvement, your
great railroads, your Erie Canal, your wealthy cities, almost reaching out their arms to
each other, along those magnificent highways. I have had the pleasure of seeing all these
things, and it has made me proud of my country. (Cheers.) Yours is a magnificent heri
tage. It is such a heritage as is well worthy, and only worthy of the noble race of brave
men and fair women who inherit it. But, gentiemen, while my feelings and views have
been liberalized and broadened by the great things I have seen amongst you, I claim to
come from a section as proud as any that ever the sun of heaven shone upon, the grand
old Southem land, the land of memories and of glorious tradition. My friends you should
be proud of the South. I was a rebel. Four long, weary, sad years I followed the banners
of Robert E. Lee, and whatever the sins, the misfortunes and misunderstandings of that
time, we proved one thing, and that was that the men of the North and South were men.
(Cheers.) A. O. Bunnell, of the DansviUe Advertiser, said :
Oentlemen of the North and of the South .•— I wish I could express my feelings on this
occasion. I regret that I cannot. I think not a single member of the party who went
South last spring but could wish that he had a thousand tongues to sing praises to the
Southern entertainment. Their hospitalities tax even the resources of the Empire State
to equal them, and those hospitalities were but the outward expression of a kindly feeling,
of a deeper sentiment, a sentiment which is a joy to every lover of his country. Gentle
men, we of the .Press, North and South, have but to clasp hands and the national millen
nium is near at hand (cheers), when, in a sectional sense, there shall be no North nor
South, no East nor West, and when the interests of one section of the country will be
regarded as the interests of all. I have only to add, may God speed that time. (Loud
applause.)

88 The Pine and The Palm.
0. E. Chichester, ofthe Charleston (S. C.) Courier, said :
Mr. Chairman— 0,ent\emen. ofthe Watertown Press, my companions and friends from
the South, and ladies of the State of New York :— It is to me a great pleasure to be per
mitted to stand here surrounded by so many friends, and as a representative of the State
you sang about yesterday— tiie pine shall grasp hands with the palm. We are proud of
our little State, and we have a little State to be proud of. I regret it was not my privUege
to meet you when you were South, and for the Press of South Carolina to grasp hands
with tiie Press of the Norfli. We would have welcomed you there. I trust the day is
not far distant when every one here present, and many more, will come among us and
see us.
If we of the Press but do our duty faithfuUy and feariessly, we can control the destinies
of this nation, and make it what it ought to be and what it is, the greatest nation in the
world. The leader of the paper to-day which is read by 10,000 people, expresses the feel
ings of 10,000 people. With this in view ought we not to be careful, prayerful and
watchful about what we place in our columns? There is too much tendency to say
things that are calculated to irritate and offend those of a different section, though U may
not be done wilfuUy. An item of three lines may stir up the blood of thousands in
another section. Let us resolve, as controllers of the Press of the North and South, that
we wUl keep our columns clear of any expression that will hurt the feelings of a solitary
citizen of these United States. (Cheers.) I doubt not that you have often picked up a
paper from our section that has made you feel bitteriy. I have picked up many, that
came from yours that has made my blood boU. Now, sir, this must not and should not
be. How avoid it ? By guarding those columns as closely as we would guard our own
famUy fireside, and let nothing come in that would hurt your feelings or mine. (Applause.)
The members of the meeting, with joined hands, sang "Auld Lang Syne," after which
the party withdrew from the cabin to enjoy the scenery of the St. Lawrence, conscious of
having added a new link to the ties which already bound them.
The deck of our sprightly little craft at all times presented a lively appearance. Where
there are music and lively feet which are prone to keep time to music's chimes there must
be dancing. Of course there must. And there was. The infant class was first called on,
Foster at the head, whose avoirdupois is two hundred and ninety in his stoekings. This
"very wicked" but stUl very enjoyable state of things was kept up at intervals with
"increasing symptons" most ofthe day.
Before our downward journey came to an end people looked at their watches, and Bun
nell got some crackers. There were many stomachs dressed in mouming for lost break
fasts, and at one o'clock we were promised a taste of the coming dinner. It was only half
an hour later -when the whistie blew, the band blew, and Pullman Island appeared in
sight, just as we had passed Alexandria. Landing was hastily made, and the attack upon
the natives began. They surrendered amid cheers, and pointed the way to three hundred
feet of loaded tables on the hillside, which were at once surrounded and "captured."
This was the place we long had sought and mourned because we found it not. (Appro
priate, if not original.) How this abundant coUation was enjoyed none can tell better
than those who shared it. Muscalonge had especially delivered themselves up for sacrifice
on this occasion, and pike and bass had asked to contribute their bones to be picked.
Chickens had marched gladly to the guUlotine, and lay greeting us with open breasts.
All the luxuries of the season made the tables good to look at, and an abundance of
flowers made them attractive. And the scene at dinner there presented on that charming
hillside close by the water wUl never be forgotten by the eyes which feasted upon it.
Everything here, dinner and all, had been provided by Hon. Senator Winslow, of this

The Pine and The Palm. 89
city, and superintended by Messrs. Crossman & Son, of Alexandria. They did their work
well, and won honor. So did the citizens of Alexandria, who assisted, with one accordi
to make the entertainment what it was. Among the number we saw the faces of Com
wall, and Walton, and Thompson, and all seemed happy. Like all good things the dinner
couldn't last always. "The cruel war was over," at last, and President Hall wamed the
party to be ready to return at half-past three.
Then Mr. A. A. Hopkins, of Rochester, arose and spoke of the magnificent ride, and the
munificent dinner, and of him who had contributed this share of the entertainment,
closing wilh a complimentary toast to Hon. Norris Winslow, which was received with
cheers. Mr. Winslow thanked the audience for the compliment, and called upon Hon. Lysander
H. Brown.
Mr. Brown spoke of the growing sentiment of Union existing between the North and
South, and trusted it would never be otherwise hereafter. He also aUuded to the union
of all nations in harmony and peace — of the trip down the river under British and
American flags as a glad sign that the Uon and eagle would hereafter keep at peace.
Mr. Smythe, of Owego, followed with complimentary aUusions to Mr. Winslow for his
liberality and kindness of heart, and expressed his thanks for his share of abundant
enjoyment. Mr. E. J. Clark, of Watertown, then gave a sentiment to George M. PuUman, Esq.,
the "great sleeping car man," the owner of the island, and whose liberality aUowed its
occupiition. The assemblage cheered heartily.
Mr. Lynn, of Virginia, President ofthe Southern party, caUed out R. W. Hunter, ofthe
Winchester (Va.) Times. He said he had not tongues enough to express the delight and
satisfaction that he felt on the occasion, he hoped this gathering was a promise of con
tinued peace, and thought the country could be better ruled by the pen than by the
BWord. Mr. James F. Starbuok was next introduced, and expressed his pleasure at being per
mitted to look upon this "union of the press." He hoped it meant union forever, and with
it liberty, "one and inseparable."
Major Hotchkiss appeared next, amid cheers, and said he was wiUing to work but
couldn't make speeches. But he can talk and did. His cup of enjoyment was runnmg
over, too.
Mr. E. J. Clark next proposed a sentiment which was heartUy endorsed, compUmentmg
the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad for all their favors, for special trains,
and special accommodations in every way. Their route furnished the world tiie best
faciUties for reaching this most charming spot.
Mr. McArthur, of the Troy Budget, was called out and made a stirrmg speech. He
referred to the long struggle between the North and South, and trusted it would be the
province of the press to preserve the peace so deariy bought. He claimed to be an old
Watertown boy, who brought his budget to this city thirty-three years ago, and he
alluded to the changes that had been made since that time, predicting stiU greater pros
perity in the future. He closed with a sentiment to the New York Central and Hudson
River Railroad for its liberality.
Mr A O Bunnell, Secretary, arose to correct a statement in his report as to low water
in the St. Lawrence. Although such a condition was true awhile ago, it has now been
removed and no dan.ger is apprehended of low water for the remainder of the season.
Mr B P Judson, of Saratoga, an Ex-President of the Association, arose to compliment
the management of the present year's programme, and to give voice to his satisfaction at
the enjoyment it had afforded, and was stUl likely to afford.

90 The Pine and The Palm.
President Hall responded briefly, attributing its success thus far to the cordial aid ofthe
citizens of Watertown, to whom all praise belongs.
At half-past three the rowing parties in the river were called in and a start made on the
return. As the "Watertown" moved away from the island, the band played Dixie and
Yankee Doodle, and the heartiest cheers were exchanged between the Editors and their
friends on the island. We had "one passenger on board who was left behind." Picking
him up we moved on Clayton, reaching that place at half-past flve o'clock.
This call was made in acceptance of the following telegram, received by President HaU
on the island, as foUows :
" Please extend to the party the hospitality of the Hubbard and Walton Hotels duriiig
their stay here. Hubbard, Johnson.""
Our readers must understand that those hospitalities were enjoyed to the utmost. The
dock was crowded with villagers and the party invested the town. At both hotels^
admirable they both are — elegant tables were spread with flne cigars and the best of
liquors. Those who cared to, partook of this repast, and although one Editor made a
misprint and "inserted" something else when he wanted wine, there was not a member of
the whole party but could prove "proof" against any excess. There was nothing of the
kind, and in this respect again, it was the most orderly excursion ever wUnessed.
A half-hour sojourn was given Clayton, and we again moved toward home with cheera
for both the hotels, which were loudly echoed, and one gallant fellow on shore proposed
three more cheers for the ladies on the excursion, which made the region ring. '
Then followed music, dancing and singing and social sports all the way to Cape Vin
cent. Parker, of Geneva, gathered a choir, and the song " The North and the South " was
rendered to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne," after the introduction of Mr. Dyer, its young
author, so well that the waters almost cheered, and the moss-covered rocks and shores gave
back their echoes. A "repeat "was called for and the last verse — the "Union oftiie
Press" — was sung with all hands joined. Itwas touching and expressive. Following
this came "America" and "Dixie" and all tlie old songs that could be suggested, in which
mirth and jollity held full sway. " Home, Sweet Home " flnished the concert by band
and people. A hasty quadrille foUowed, and sundry fun was had by the dancers with
Hall and Bunnell, that we wont put on the bills.
At 8i P. M. the " Watertown " landed her choice burden at the Cape Vincent wharf—
the retum train stood in waiting and an hour's ride brought the happiest excursion party
that ever left our city back again happier than ever, in good time and in most satisfactory
spirits. If we could say anything better for that Davis Sewing Machine Band than we have
already tried to say, it would be that this memorable excursion would not have been
perfect without it. Its good appearance, the gentiemanly conduct of its members, ahd
their charming music were topics of praise among our guests, and reasons for pride among
own people.
Our stranger friends express themselves deUghted with the joumey, and are earnest in
their praises of our grand old St. Lawrence. The excursion has added much to the
success of the Convention, and is unanimously declared the grandest of them all thus far
in the career of the Association. INCIDENTS.
Moak and Dawson went flshing. The fish were lucky, and " not at home." Mr. Da-w-
son's speech at the dinner was omitted from the above. We now give it entire : " Please
give me a few more of those strawberries."

The Pine and The Palm. 91
Lynn couldn't keep his cigar lighted and make himself agreeable to the ladies at the
same time. He let his cigar go out and went in on his captivate.
Merriam (M. C.) assumed the role of a newspaper man, and looked after " items." He
was introduced to one.
The scarcity of young ladies was keenly felt by such of the younger Editors as had
neither wives nor sweethearts. In one double seat we saw three youths paying their
devotions to one Fair child while two or three disconsolate ones were suUenly watching
the scene from another portion of the car. Those who seek further information on this
point must apply to Rogers, of the Rural Messenger, Petersburg, Va., or Foster, of the
CharlottesvUle Chronicle.
The next evening the citizens of Watertown gave the Editors generaUy, Southern as
well as Northern, a grand reception at the Skating Rink— the most briUiant affair of the
kind that it was ever our good fortune to attend. Of the Central figure of the Rink— the
grand Floral Pagoda— Frank Leslie's artist has drawn a very happy sketch, published in
Vae^niustrated Newspaper" ot Su\j \%\h. 'The artist however fails to do justice to his
theme. The scene was much more brilliant and impressive than he makes it, more so,
indeed than can be portrayed with either pen or pencil. But that your readers may be
enabled to form some idea of the general appearance ofthe Rink I enclose the following
description from the Watertown papers :
The walk from Winslow street to the Rink was surmounted with a large number of
Chinese lanterns, which gave a pleasing effect to the entrance where, in large letters the
word " Welcome " was placed. Passing through the lobby into the main body of the
Eink the eye was at once dazzled by the brUliancy of the decorations, and the thought
" what mortal man has wrought this magic " at once sprang to the mind.
Our representative on entering had his attention directed to the south end of the build
ing upon which are placed in bold characters the following legends : " The North to the
South," and " Welcome to the Press." Beneath these are placed in artistic grouping
various flags, banners and devices. At the opposite end these mottoes greet the eye:
" Watertown greets the Editors," and directiy under it " Banish dull care." Hanging in
graceful festoons across and around the whole structure are not less than three thousand
feet of garland prepared by nimble flngers, within the short space of a week's time.
Properly arranged around the room is Dr. Trowbridge's admirable collection of mineral
and animal curiosities. At short intervals around the outer edge of the Rink are erected
beautiful floral arches. Within the building, too, are thirty -six vases, all trimmed by the
young ladies who have assisted in the decorations.
At either end is a fountain, designed by Mr. Andy Upham, in which are flshes, sheUs,
minerals and flowers, with brilliant Ughts underneath. The basins are fllled with trout,
the speckled beauties disporting themselves in the clear crystal water.
In the centre of the room is a graceful Pagoda, in which are circled wreaths of flowers,
and within which are flfty colored lights, like glow-worms among the verdure. In the
dome of the Pagoda are also clusters of lights, and around the base of the urns are circles
of glow-lights. Tropical plants, with foliage of different hues, ornament the turf, which is
decked with numerous dolphins, Highland statuary, and vases of flowers. There is also a
tiny lakelet in the centre with a clear, pebbly bottom, the rocky sides of which are formed
of gorgeous minerals. There is also an elegant orchestra stand designed by Safford Fiske,
which is an object of much interest to the visitor.
In the centre of the Floral Pagoda stood a mammoth boquet about six feet high and
composed of almost every imaginable variety of flower. Around the base of the boquet
was an admirable collection of green-house plants, besides the stuffed birds, &c., before
mentioned. In the very heart of all the floral beauties, almost hidden by the leaves and
flowers but beautiful beyond compare, were the colored Ughts before referred to. All this

92 The Pine and The Palm.
decoration was done under the supervision of Mrs. WooUey, of Watertown, who gave it
her unremitting attention for more than three weeks. The decoration of this Rink alone
cost the good people of Watertown between $3,000 and $4,000.
At the close of the flrst part of the programme of dances, gold headed canes were pre
sented to the retiring offlcers of the New York Editorial Association by Us members, and
a number of speeches made by both Northern and Southern gentiemen, after which came
the refreshment hour, and whUe the "sober-sided" were enjoying the viands, the band
played, and the light fantastic toes of a thousand fair feet tripped merrily to the inspiring,
strains. The stately quadrUle and the glorious waltz claimed undivided attention from
this time until the short hours came and the throng dispersed.
The entertainment at the Rink, which was participated in by one hundred and flve New
York and seventy-eight Southern Editors, was the last link in the chain of pleasures that
the people of Watertown wove around us during our stay in their lovely little city. Our
next point, according to the programme that Major Hotchkiss had arranged, was the town
•of Binghampton, near the line of Pennsylvania, but having received an invitation from
Mr. Gilmore to visit the Grand Jubilee at Boston, arrangements were made with the
people of Binghampton looking to a postponement of the programme as to that place
and with the Boston and Albany Road for a free pass (which by the way was readily ,;
granted) after which in company with fifteen or twenty of the New York Editors, we
resolved to go.
On Friday morning we bade abieu to Watertown, and in company with some of the
New York Editors we started for the "Hub of the Universe."
Our route was over some of the richest and most interesting portions of New York
State. We passed through the famous dairy regions of that State, and down the rich and .
beautiful Valley of the Mohawk. This trip being outside of our regular programme, was
necessarily hurried, and we passed into the State of Massachusetts at night-faU, and had
but Uttle opportunity to see much of the country.
There was no incident worthy of note, except the holy horror of the party for a certain
law, of which we had notice, which prohibited the sale of anything that might interfere
with the "steady habits" of a sober people. This cast a damper, and created an universal
dryness in the party. Scouts would be sent out at each station to spy the land, but time
after time they came back and reported the "fountain dry," tUl at last some fellow in des
peration thought he would try a glass of "soda." He was asked what syrup he would
have f In Yankee style he answered the question by asking another, "what kinds have
you?" To his great relief, the answer was, "Cognac," "Bourbon," "Old Rye," "Rum,"
.&c. He immediately took "syrup" in his, and everybody with one accord took to "soda
water." BOSTON.
It was eleven o'clock on the night of the 29tii of June when we reached Boston, tired
and sleepy from the three hundred and eighty-six miles of travel that we had accom
pUshed during the day. As soon as possible, therefore, we retired to rest, from which we
arose at eight the next morning to roam about the city and see the sights before the
opening of the JubUee, at three o'clock in the afternoon. Separating from the rest of the
party I went with Capt. WincheU, of the Wappinger's Chronicle, New York, to the
•Custom House, Commercial Block and the scene of the celebrated "tea party" which
inaugurated the unpleasantness with the mother country ninety-nine years ago. Return
ing at eleven A. M. we met the rest of our party at old Faneuil HaU, known in the
school books of this day and generation as the "Cradle of Liberty" although in point of
fact Liberty was some thirty-one years old before the "cradle" as it now exists was built

The Pine and The Palm. 9S
One would very naturally infer that so old an infant could need no rocking, but the HaU,.
as its now exists is an enlargement of the original building — that is to say a new building,
in which just enough of the original structure was left to call it "enlargement " The
original building proper was erected in 1743. In 1761 it was destroyed by fire, but the
town voted to rebuild it immediately, which was done, and the new building became in
1773 (December 16) the "Cradle of Liberty." Here we saw Stuart's celebrated likeness
of Washington, Sargent's painting of Peler Faneuil, Healey's painting of Webster replying
to Hayne, portraits of Samuel Adams, John Quiney Adams, Gen. Joseph Warren, Com
modore Preble, Edward Everett, Abraham Lincoln, Gov. Andrew and several prominent
men in the history of Massachusetts. Apart from its historical associations these are the
only objects of interest about the quaint old building.
Prom Faneuil Hall we proceed by street railway to the Bunker HUl Monument in the
city of Charlestown. Here, as in Rochester, space has been so rigidly economized that we
cross Charles river without even suspecting the presence of a stream beneath our feet.
Arrived at the foot of the Monument we observe a slight elevation extending along the
surface of the green lawn to our right which a sunken stone in the pavement informs us
is the remains of the breast- works thrown up by the colonists on the night preceding the
hattie commemorated by the huge granite shaft which towers so far heavenwards on our
left. Here also we suddenly remember that Bunker HiU was not the actual scene ofthe
confiict between the British and Continental forces, but that Breed's HUl was. But the
orders of the commanding General designated Bunker HiU, and although an error was
committed in their execution by which Bunker HiU was left untouched, the Battle was
always called by that name and the Monument of which I now write stands on the spot
where General Warren is supposed to have fallen.^ A small valley separates this Hill from
the Simon Pure Bunker Hill, and looking over in that direction we find it covered with
houses — the city having extended to, and swaUowed it up. After depositing the usual fee
with the janitor of the Monument, we register our names and begin the toilsome ascent.
From the pavement below to the summU of the shaft is 328 feet, but the man— especially
the portiy man— who threads the weary round of 298 stone steps that lead " from founda
tion to turret " wUl conclude ere his journey is done that it is nearer 600. But the air in
the shaft is always of the sarae temperature and always cool and bracing. This Uttle
circumstance tends greatiy to the relief of the tourist, especiaUy in the June and July
seasons when the mercury indicates 95 in the shade. From the top of the Monument all
Boston is visible, together with its suburban towns, navy-yards and fortifications. We
will not look towards Fort Warren because there are some ugly reminiscences connected
with that water-girt stronghold and " the place whereon we now stand is holy ground "—
sanctified by all the odors and breezes of immaculate loyalty as exemplified by the
leading spirits in the Hartford Convention.
But if ascending the Monument was a task, descending proved to be a burthen. It is
down, down, down, step after step, bringing ever into play those muscles of the leg that
are so seldom used as to be almost valueless for anything Uke continued effort, untU when
you reach the bottom you feel about as Ump and as limber as a wet rag. But being safely
down you thank heaven you did not fall and break your neck.
. From the Monument we returned on foot to the headquarters of the Middlesex Horse
EaUway Company where Mr. John H. Studley, the genial superintendent, bids a kindly
welcome, treats us to iced switchel and gives the whole party tiie free use ol his cars to go,
like the wind, withersoever they listed. " Switchel " was the beverage which inspired (?)
the Continental soldiery during the hot work on Breed's HiU ninety-six years ago, and
consists ofa due admixture of molasses and water, slightiy acidulated and flavored witii
the extract of ginger— a sort ofbeer, in short, which supplies Uie place of stronger liquors,
now that aU Boston is under the operation of the prohibitory law.

94 The Pine and The Palm.
From this place we rode to the Boston Common, but as it was now rather past the hour
at which tiie Concert in Music Hall was to have begun, our kind chaperone, Mr. John
ston, of the Globe Job Press manufactory, hurried thither to know if we could get a view
of the mammoth organ— the pride and the boast of Boston. In a few moments he
returned, bearing the compliments of the management of Music Hall, and a polite invita
tion to the entire party to enter and hear the rest of the Concert. As a matter of course
we accepted the invitation, and as a matter of consequence, had the pleasure of hearmg
the conclusion of the two hundred and thirty-third concert (organ recital) of the New
England Conservatory of Music. The only pieces we heard, however, were an adagio
from Sonata in D. minor and the Overture to Tannhauser. After the regular concert was
ended, the musical director caused the Overture in William Tell to be commenced for
our special beneflt, but the engineer having had no notiflcation of the honor that was
intended us, suffered his steam to go down after the "Overture" was recited, and there was
not enough power left to supply the wind necessary to do that splendid composition
justice, or to bring out the full tones of the instrument; wherefore tbe experiment was
abandoned and we allowed to feast our curious eyes on the wonderful "Grandfather of all
the organs on the continent." But just between us and the organ stands Crawford's
admirable bronze statue of Beethoven, which would be more admired perhaps if it did
not interfere with our examination of the still more admirable instrument that over
shadows it. Passing it by, therefore, we enter at once the grand arcana and leam all that
we can of tbe chief attraction of the Hall. This organ was contracted for in 1856 with
Herr E. Fr. Walcker, of Ludwigsburg in Wurtemburg, and was set up and formaUy
inaugurated seven years afterwards in the presence of an immense and thoroughly
enthused audience. It contains flve thousand four hundred and seventy-four pipes of
which six hundred and ninety are in Aie pedal organ. It has also eighty-four complete
registers. Its architecture is very rich and appropriate, but a close inspection is necessary
to the revelation of all its various and varied beauties. It has a series of polished brass
pipes, shaped like the orchestral trumpet and made to imitate the sound of that instru
ment, as also a multitude of polished ebony and rosewood flutes turned and fashioned as
other flutes are and fltted with embouchures of polished brass on which the soft tones of
that delightful instrument are perfectiy reproduced. It stands sixty feet in height, is
adorned with busts of such musical celebrities as Haydn, Handel, Mozart, Mendelssohn,
Beethoven and others, carved in the poUshed wood work, is driven by a steam engine of
six-horse power and cost something upwards of $60,000. In the largest of its pipes a large
man could eassily secrete himself whUe in the smallest he CQuld scarcely intrude his Uttie
finger. Altogether it is a wonderful instrument and Boston has a just right to be proud
of it, for I doubt if it has its counterpart on the face of the great globe.
Having now seen the great organ and listened to its wondrous tones, let us proceed via
the Common and the Public Gardens to the far-famed Coliseum. This immense building,
erected with special reference to the occasion of the World's Peace Jubilee by Mr. GUmore,
whose efforts in that and other directions are beyond all praise, is situated on a piece of
reclaimed or made land in the angle formed by the crossing of the Boston and Albany and
the Boston and Providence Railroads about two hundred yards from the site ofthe Coli
seum of 1869. It covers more than fme acres of land and cost about $300,000. The depth
of the part set aside for the Orchestra and Chorus, to say nothing of that reserved for the
audience, is 238 feet. The auditorium, or that part corresponding to the parquetteofa
theatre, is 312 feet deep. Its width is 357 feet, as is also the width of the part first men
tioned. The fioor contents of the entire building are 205,758 feet. The promenade adds
fifty feet to the width given above, but as it embraces no seating capacity or accommoda
tions for auditors I have not included it in my estimate. It will thus be seen that the entire
builcdng covers almost, if not quite, a? much ground as is covered by the two flrst blocks

The Pine and The Palm. 95
on Market street, Montgomery, (that is, the Telegraph block and the Central Bank block,)
of which an area about equal in width to Market street— perhaps not quite so wide— and
extending the fuU length of the building is all that either audience or chorus does not
occupy. This loss, however, is fully compensated by the gallery, which incloses the auditorium
as a dress-circle encloses the parquette, and which increases by at least thirty per cent, the
seating capacity of the Coliseum. The exterior, uotwithstanding the haste which charac
terized its construction, presents a very handsome appearance. The central portion ofthe
end facades (which are identical in flnish) are brought forward some ten feet from lateral
•wings, and flanked on either side by towers thirty feet square, and rising twenty-flve feet
or more above the roof. These towers have flne, bracketed doorways and mullioned
•windows in the second story ; above are recessed arches, whose semi-circular heads are
provided with ventilating louvers. A projecting cornice, borne on brackets, is surmounted
by a hipped-roof, ornamented with cresting and flagstaffs. The central feature of the
frontals a grand arched portal twenty-flve feet in width and flfty feet in height, surmounted
by a pediment. This doorway bears a triple mullioned window and three pilasters carry
ing a heavy moulded archivolt ornamented at its crown. An interior circular frame
forms a rose window, which, with its stained glass embellishments, presents a striking
interior as well as exterior feature. The height of this central motive is in all about ninety
feet. Flanking this triplicate window on either side is a triangular system of fenestration,
divided by muUions, some forty feet in length by fifteen feet on its vertical side, which is
also to be treated with stained glass. The main comice of the building has a height of five
feet and a corresponding projection. It is quite elaborate in design, and follows the slope
pfthe higher root until within about twen ty-five feet ofthe centre ofthe building, when it
breaks boldly upward, and then goes horizontally across, several feet above the ridge.
A pedestal with retreating sides, cornice moulding and cresting, carries this portion of
the sky line several feet higher, at the centre of which is an ornate base and shield, form
ing the starting point of a lofty flag-staff, from which wave the American colors and
streamers. Several ventilating turrets adorn the roof, and give a pleasant variety to the
roof-line, the centre turret predominating, in size and elegance, above the rest. Projec
tions are made by side entrances, and midway on either side rises a mansard-roof tower,
twenty-flve feet above the lean-to roofs.
Day-light and ventilation have been especially attended to by the architect. In each
of the side walls are forty double windows, flve by nineteen feet. On the ends there are
twenty -four double windows of the same size and two large semi-circular windows, each
twenty-flve feet in diameter.- Above these are triplicate windows, the centre division of
which is arched, and just above it a rose-window ofa circular form flfteen feet in diameter,
and nineteen feet from the ground. Flanking this central feature are triangular-mulUoned
windows forty feet by flfteen following the slope of the roof. The clere story between the
lean-to and the trussed roof contains a series of sliding windows the row extending the
entire length of the building. There are eighty of these windows, each nine feet by flve.
In the lean-to roof over the galleries are forty skylights, twenty on each side, the sashes
being six feet by twelve, or the size of a common bUliard table and again in the upper
roof are an equal number of still larger dimensions. The effect of stained glass is given
to aU the windows by ornamentation in various designs, by means of transparent colors,
applied by a peculiar process to the inner surface of the glass. The architect has by this
means toned down the abundant light and the effect at the great windows of the western
ends at sunset is said to be extremely flne.
It so happened that the day we had chosen to visit this immense temple had been desig
nated as a beneflt day to Mr. Gilmore, and from two o clock untU after three it seemed as
thpugh Boston had poured out its whole population upon the streets— all of which from

96 The Pine and The Palm.
that hour were densely crowded with the throngs moving towards the CoUseum. The
result was that by three o'clock every seat in the Coliseum was fllled and thousands were
standing in the outer aisles under the gaUery, unable to do more than procure standing
room. Those best posted in the matter estimated the number present at from seventy
thousand to eighty thousand souls. The Bostonians claimed that there were one hundred
thousand present; but I have given what I deem to be the most reliable estimate. A
rough calculation made by myself at the time placed the number at eighty-six thousand,
and I have an idea that if the count had been taken the offlcial flgures would not have
varied widely from that estimate. I never before realized the full import of the phrase
•'a sea of upturned faces" untU I arose from my seat near the Orchestra and glanced over
that monster assemblage. The thermometer stood that day at ninety-flve in the shade.
It was then three o'clock P. M., the sultriest hour of the twenly-four, and the breezes had
everywhere retired to their caves to keep cool. From these suggestive circumstances
some faint idea maybe had ofthe terrible condition ofthe atmosphere in that room packed
as it was beyond all ordinary cramming by seventy-flve thousand or eighty thousand per
sons who sat. like sardines in a box, so tightiy wedged in on every hand that freedom pf
movement was simply an impossibihty. Steaming, streaming and beaming faces were
therefore the order of the day— so much so that one of our party whose poetical nature
could not be restrained by even the heat of the Coliseum, remarked sotto voce that the
faces around him reminded him of a strawberry bed in which the berries were aU ripel
After this burst the rest of us, as a matter of course, quietiy subsided.
I have now brought you into the Coliseum and in the very presence of the great GU
more and the immortal impersonation of the Waltz, Johann Strauss.
The programme for the grand occasion was arranged, no doubt, with a special view to
its great popularity. This was to be Mr. Gilmore's beneflt, and the management were
anxious to put the best foot forward. The lover of good music found in it the promise of
a rare feast, and notwithstanding the captious critiques of the New York Herald and its
special correspondent, no promise was ever more nobly redeemed. That programme I
enclose for the beneflt of your readers :
PROGRAMME.
PART I.
1. Hymn — " From Greenland's Icy Mountains." — Dr. Lowell Mason.
(The audience are requested to join in singing all the verses.)
2. OvBKTUBB — " StradeUa." — Flotow.
GUmore's Band, P. S. Gilmore, Leader.
3 Second Ama — " Day of Vengeance." (Magic Flute.) — Mozourt.
Madame Peschka — Leutner.
4. OvBBTUKE — "Athalie." — Mendelssohn.
Band of Kaiser Franz Grenadier Regiment, Herr H. Saro, Leader.
5. Anvil Chorus — from " Trovatore." — Verdi.
[By general desire.]
Chorus, Organ and Orchestra, with Anvil, Bell and Cannon accompaniment.
6. Geand Concebt Waltz — "Jubilee." — Strauss,
[Composed especially for the occasion, and dedicated to Mr. P. 8. Gilmore.]
Conducted by the author, Herr Johann Strauss.
7. Inflammatus — ^"Stabat Mater." — Rossini.
[By desire.]
Madame Erminia Rudersdorff. With full Chorus, Organ and Orchestra.,

The Pine and The Palm. 97
PART II.
1. Four Part Song— " Farewell to the Forest."— JTendeZsgoM.
Chorus (unaccompanied.)
2. Sextette— From " Lucia," (Chi ma Fren&.y-Donizetti.
Bouquet of Artists, wUh Orchestral Accompaniment.
3. Andante and Marche Nuptiale—" Lohengrin."— TTapner.
Band of le Garde Republicaine, M. Paulus, Leader.
4. Stab Spangled Banner. — Key.
Solo in third verse by Mrs. Julia Houston West.
Chorus, Organ, and Orchestra, with Cannon Accompaniment.
5. Grand Potpourri of Irish Melodies— Arranged by Mr. Dan Godfrey.
Band ofthe Grenadier Guards— Mr Dan Godfrey, Leader.
6. Marche Militaire—" The Inman Line "— -Wairen.
Orchestra.
As a matter of curiosity, if for no other reason, I beg that you wiU reproduce it as nearly
as possible verbatim et literatim in order that your readers mayhave all of it that we had.
It will be observed the promise ofwhich I spoke was indeed fair, and as I have already
said that it was nobly redeemed you can possibly form some idea of the grand and glori
ous entertainment we enjoyed.
I shall not attempt to comment on the music as it flowed out in a mighty, overwhelming
torrent from the splendid artists there grouped in such an association of talent as was never
before attempted in the history of the world. Suffice it to say that it was beyond all criti
cism on the part of any man who had not made both the theory and the practice of music
the study ofa lifetime. This fact will afford your readers the proper standard by which
to judge the merits of the criticisms of the Concert indulged by the New York press and
to which aUusion has heretofore been made. A careful analysis of the published pro
gramme is another such standard. It will be seen that there is no mixing together of
artists unacquainted with each other's style at any particular point in it except the flrst
selection in each part, and any person who understands the peculiarities of an American
audience — how tardily they assemble, how promptly they leave their seats during a recess
and how slowly and yet how noisily they regain them after the recess is over — will readily
understand why these exceptions were introduced. Nothing so harrows up the nerves of
a musician as to have the effect of his' performances marred, if not altogether ruined bythe
noise and confusion incident to the American peculiarity before referred to. It was with
all of a musician's feelings, prejudices and sensitiveness, therefore, that Mr. Gilmore,
warned by experiences of the past, so arranged his programme that the least meritorious
pfthe performances should occur at the time of all others when they would be least heark
ened to, and inasmuch as something had to flll, and somebody to occupy that particular
time he wisely allotted it to the multitude, who of all others would least care whether
their efforts were listened to or not. Everywhere else on the programme we find homo
geneous elements alone introduced and most nobly did they act their several and respective
parts. At the conclusion ofthe overture (StradeUa) by Gilmore's band of sixty splendid pieces,
a thundering encore, despite the critics, rang out from the 80,000 auditors like the rush of
some alpine torrent or the roar of a mighty tempest. There was, of course, no resisting so
flattering an appeal and the band which had already commenced to retire were recalled
to the stand. MeanwhUe Mr. Gilmore had recognized our little party by the badges that
we wore, and in compliment to our beloved Southland ordered his band to play " Dixie."
Instantly, and almost as if by the inspiration of some potent charm, every musician raiaed
7

98 The Pine and The Palm.
his piece and the next moment the well-remembered strains were cleaving the air on
wings of melody such as we had never known them to wear before. Instinctively my
thoughts turned to the banks of the Euphrates where those that had wasted the children
of Israel required of Ihem one of the songs of Zion. " How shall we sing the Lord's song
in a strange land ? Oh ! Jerusalem ! Jerusalem ! If I forget thee may my right hand
forget her cunning ; may my tongue cleave to the roofof my mouth ifl prefer not Jerusa
lem above my chief joy 1" Such I say were the reflections that thronged unbidden through
my mind— siich the feelings that thrilled like Ughtning every nerve and fibre of my heart.
Of course, we applauded the performance to the very echo, and it gives me unfeigned
pleasure to add that five or six thousand citizens of New England were magnanimous
enough to join us in the demonstration. At last, but still, all too soon, Dixie died away
and almost before its strains had melted from the ear the rapid notes of the great origmal
National Anthem of the American people— Yankee Doodle— were falUng in showers of
meteoric melody around the ruins that " Dixie " had wrought in our bosoms. All around
us, as fast as the air could be recognized, the enthusiastic bursts of applause rung out like
the roar of the oceaii. Meanwhile thousands of curious eyes were being bent upon our
littie party to note how we received what they doubtless thought would be to our ears
unwelcome strains, and as the opportunity to show even Boston what magnanimity
really meant was too fair to be slighted we joined in the applause with all our heart, soul
and strength. We had felt somewhat piqued at the cold reception awarded " Dixie," not
because we regarded it as a Southern National Air, but because we thought they did, and
that their coldness originated in that thought. We regarded it simply as a souvenir of our
distant homes and loved ones. It was never the national air ofthe Southern Confederacy
and never would have been had that Confederacy lasted a thousand years. But it hap
pened to be the "shoo fiy" of that particular era— in other words, "the rage" at that
particular time, and our trans-Potomac friends attempted to palm it off upon the South as
her national air just as the British soldiery, in Revolutionary days, palmed off " Yankee
Doodle" upon the colonies. PersonaUy, and because I always regarded them as deficient
in musical merit, I have never fancied either Dixie or Yankee Doodle. But the " Star
Spangled Banner" always did possess a charm which never failed to exert its infiuenee
over me even when sounding out from hostile camps during the days when we stood
hourly upon the " perilous edge of battle.''
Prominent among the celebrities who figured in the JubUee were Franz Abt, the author
of that inexpressibly sweet Uttle air, " When the SwaUows Homeward Fly," and Johann
Sh:auss, the Spirit of the Waltz. I did not have the pleasure of seeing Abt, but I did see
Strauss. I see him even yet and shall probably see him forever. A man of low stature,
dark complexion, large full head, broad shoulders, slender Umbs, black hair roached back
from his forehead, side whiskers that descend in heavy masses to the angles of the chin
and a moustache that connects the two as -with an arch, he stood before us while leading
the Grand Concert Waltz (Jubilee) the very incarnation of musical genius. When the
time came in which his appearance was due, he sprang Ughtly up the steps of the rostrum,
and after a slight bow to his audience, turned nervously towards the orchestra and gave
the movement with his baton — in this instance the bow of his violin. One, two, three-
four, and away go the various instruments, Strauss meanwhile appearing as though he
were straining every nerve to go with them — tobe one of them — a living, breathing instru
ment himself. Now the motions of his bow are gentie and circumscribed. He means
that the music shall be soft and confined to a few performers. Gently and yet more gentiy
moves that charmed bow, softly and yet more softly breathe the strains of the melody.
Now a mere echo is all that we hear from the orchestra and the bow scarce moves at all
so gentie, so softly undulatory is its motion. But now the leader sways to and fro on his
slender Umbs as a reed before the wind. He grasps the -vioUn in his left hand with a

The Pine and The Palm. 99
firmer clutch and the circles described by his bow begin gradually to widen. Rapidly
and yet more rapidly the swell increases, growing stronger and yet stronger with each
enlargement of the circle of the baton until at last the leader sinking slightly but gracefully
towards the stage, suddenly expands both arms to their widest and loftiest reach, at the
same time rising to the full height of his stature with a spring so sudden and yet so full of
meaning that the glorious burst of melody which accompanies it appears to owe its very
creation to that singular gesture. Now the orchestra strikes some favorite passage in the
music and the enthusiastic leader, laying his brown cheek lovingly on the disc of his
¦violin appears actually to caress it as a fond mother might caress a favorite child. And
the magic instrument, as if responding to the caress, breathes out such strains as Israfel
himself might joy to hear.
Such, in brief and imperfect outiine, is Johann Strauss, the leader of the orchestra. To
be better known or better appreciated he must be seen and heard. His Radetzky March
has already introduced him to the civUized world, but the world can form but a very
limited idea of his singular fascination even through that splendid medium. He appears
to be a young man of not exceeding five and thirty years, but in point of fact he is now in
his forty -eighth year.
If I had time and space at unUmited command I would tell you something of Madame
Pescha Leutner and Madame Rudersdorff, two of the female celebrities brought forward
in, if not by, the Jubilee. As I have neither, they must do as the rest of the ladies do —
"speak for themselves gin' they want speaking."
Just before the close of the Concert, in order to escape the jam which would necessarily
ensue the general dismissal of so large an audience, I quietiy stole away to the outer air
and took a horse-car for the Boston Museum. There I saw so much that was calculated
to interest, amuse or instruct, that I found the hour I had allotted myself altogether too
short to do more than take a bird's eye view of a part and a hurried glance at the rest of
the treasures contained in the Museum. The management of the Museum had deposited
a large number of free tickets with the chief of the Reportorial Department at the CoUseum
for distribution among the visiting brethren of the quUl during their stay in the city, thus
proving to the world at large that they knew " a hawk from a handsaw." And just here
enpassant permit me to state that the most liberal men we have thus far met with in our
rounds are those who have paid the Press the largest sums of money for advertising, and
Who have therefore been most successful in a pecuniary point ol view. George W. Childs,
proprietor of the Public Ledger, on whose special invitation we visited PhUadelphia is a
case in point. He made us his guests during our stay in the city of " Brotherly Love,"
and footed every expense incurred by the party while there, amounting in aU to some
eight hundred or one thousand dollars, including the banquet at three P. M. and the
supper at night.
The Boston Museum is situated near the head of Tremont street, and is one ofthe oldest
of the places of amusement in the Hub. It was opened in 1846 by Mr. Moses KimbaU,
(under the name of the " Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts,") who connected it
With a fine Music Hall, capable of seating one thousand persons, in which the Drama
soon afterwards found a home. The Museum proper is very large and very interestmg.
It occupies numerous alcoves in the large hall on Tremont street, the hall being fumished
with several spacious gaUeries filled with cabinets of curiosities and works of art. Among
tiie latter are busts of several of the leading patriots of tiie Revolutionary war and oU
paintings of historical events and characters relating to and illustrating the career of the
United States. The original of " Washington Crossing tiie Delaware " occupies the half of
one end of one ofthe galleries and is really a better picture than tiie miserable lithograph-
ists would have one beUeve. Tn anotiier part of tiie building is the " counterfeit present
ment" of our senior Editor's distinguished father-in-law, tiie celebrated American Trage-

100 The Pine and The Palm.
dian, Thomas Cooper. The painting is by Stuart, and represents the subject as he
appeared at the age of twenty -six iri tbe favorite role of" Hamlet." He was a very hand
some man, if this painting does him no flattery, and one well calculated to confer upon
the character of the Prince of Denmark all the aids that a flne and commanding presence
could give it.
In the fourth-story or gallery, among the wax works there collected, was a succession
of groups, Ulustrating the " Career of Intemperance." The flrst was a contented and happy
family, but the fatiier at the head of the table, held gleefully up in his half-raised hand a
goblet of the " Uquid poison." Number two showed the same family grouped about the
same table, but there was now a shade of grief wliere all had been light and joy before. A
very slight indication of "seediness" was here and there visible upon the clothing ofthe wife,
and a very decided indication of intoxication upon the leering countenance of the husband.
The third group showed the husband infuriate with drink, his left hand clutching
wildly the hair that hung in elf-locks over his brow, his right grasping the neck of a
bottie; his lips covered with the foam of madness, and his lurid eyes glaring with rage
melting into remorse, upon the prostrate form of his wife, on whose pale temple the
ghastiy wound, and by whose lifeless side the fractured bottie, rested as swift witnesses of
the guilt of the wretch who had sworn to be her protector. The horror-frozen children
stand around in attitudes suggesting mingled emotions of fear and grief; and tapping the
murderer on the shoulder, is a uniformed officer of the avenging law. This is enough.
We need nothing more on the subject of temperance, and our companion, whose mind
has been powerfully affected by the mute eloquence of the singular "Temperance lecture,"
is totally unable to recover his composure without first calling at a convenient drug store
and taking about "three fingers straight" — ^by way of a settler.
I could say much more about Boston and its suburbs because notwithstanding all the
ridicule heaped upon it by the Press of rival cities it is one of the busiest, livest cities in
America, and contains mrre that is historical or traditional or in some other respect gene
rally interesting than all of its rivals combined. The old elra on the common — a plain
looking tree which one would pass in the forest fifty times a day without turning once to
look back at — is a little volume in itself It is older than the city that surrounds it, and
at one time during its existence served as a convenient gallows on which to hang witches.
Several years ago the wind wrested the wUches' limb off, but the city authorities bandaged
it back, put it in splints, and finaUy succeeded in preserving it from decay.
Messrs. James R. Osgood and Company, publishers, were kind enough to supply each
of our party with a little book called " Boston Illustrated" to which, for my part, I am
deeply indebted for most of the historical facts recited in the course of this letter. This
little book, with a simplicity that is refreshing beyond all praise, says that " at one time
the streets of Boston were quite crooked, but the authorities caused them to be straight
ened," &c. In some quarters of the globe that would be regarded as a first rate joke on
" straightened," but it is so characteristic of the people of New England, and so fully
individualizes the predominant trait of their character that I have referred to it for the
purpose of illustrating in one word "my impressions of the Yankees." The streets of
Boston are so crooked that men who have lived there all their lives frequently get lost
among their mazes. Yet the author of this- book said they had been " straightened " and
was doubtless sincere when he said so. The genuine Simon Pure Yankee thinks his own
ways admirably straight though they wind and turn and vary every hour in the twenty-
four. Orthodoxy is his doxy — heterodoxy everybody else's doxy. This man, who found
the streets of Boston so perfectly straight, would doubtless lose himself forever among the
crooked lanes of Philadelphia. As a oase in point to illustrate the straightness of the
streets of Boston I will recite the experience of "our infant" of the Charlottesville Chronicle
— Mr. Foster. He was stopping at the United States Hotel, opposite the Boston and

The Pine and The Palm. 101
Albany RaUroad Depot, on Beach street, and, growing weary of the crowd, concluded to
take a short stroll around one block ofthe city. He feared to undertake a more extensive
job— the streets were too straight for that. But he finally prevailed upon himself to try
one more street and the experiment was fatal. From that time he walked, continuously
one solid hour, vainly endeavoring to regain his lost quarters. At last despair overtook
him and he threw up the sponge. He had been too proud to inquire the way because
tiiat would be to confess that he was lost— a confession of all others he was just then most
determined upon not making. There was but one other alternative, and that one he
resolved to employ. Beckoning to a cabman in the street he inquired : What is the fare
from this place to the United States Hotel ?
Cabman. — Two dollars, sir I
Infant.— Too much, sir I'U never pay that much— wiU walk it first," (tuming off with
an air of injured royalty.)
CoJmam.— Well, sir, seeing as its you, sir, and one of the Editors, sir, PU take you for a
dollar and a half, sir !
/«/a7i<— (Straightened himself up with a lordly &\v.)—All right! Here's your money.
Drive me there quick — I have an engagement.
Cabbie. — Jes' so, sir, will have you there in a few minutes time.
Jn/aref— (From the depth of the rolling cab.)— Say, driver ! hadn't you better put up
the steps of your cab and close the door ?
Cabman. — Oh ! no inconvenience, sir. Only got to go about forty yards, sna. All
light, here we are. Thank you, sir !
Infant. — The deuce you do, and well you may 1 Charge an Editor one dollar and fifty
cents for carrying him fifty yards ! Confound Boston !
That night, at nine o'clock, we took the train on the Boston and Albany Road for the
¦Capital ofthe great State of New York.

ALBANY.
It was Sabbath moming when our party reached Albany and took up their temporary
abode at Mr. Leland's magniflcent hotel, the Delavan. These Lelands, who own the best
hotels at Saratoga, Albany, Long Branch and New York, and who give their personal
supervision to the taslt of running them, are born landlords. What they don't know about
"keeping a hotel" is scarce worth the knowing. We found the proprietor ofthe Delavan
to be a most excellent gentleman as well as a careful and considerate host — a man of
refinement, intelligence and patriotic impulses— a genial companion and a noble-hearted
fellow generally. The morning of this day of rest was spent by most of our party at
¦church, but the incessant labors that had been undergone during the forty-eight hours last
preceding disposed quite a number to sleep and sleep they did " like tops." In the after
noon we were wailed upon by Messi-s. Cassidy and Smith of the Albany Argus, and
several other representatives of the local Press, who strolled with us over the city, pointing
out the various objects of interest with which Albany abounds. The State House and the
¦Capitol are here different buildings. The State House is the building in which the pubUc
-oifices are located — the Capitol, the building in -which the sessions of the Legislature are
held. Neither of these institutions is equal in point of appearance or finish to the Capitol
ofthe State of Alabama, but tbe new Capitol now being erected in the rear of the present
one, will, when completed, be second only to the Capitol of the United States in point of
size and cost, while in the weightier matters of solidity, strength, convenience of arrange
ment and elegance of finish it will be perhaps the first building on the continent. It
covers about three acres of ground, is to be built of granite and will cost, when finished,

102 The Pine and The Palm.
about $16,000,000. It cost the contractors $6,000 to construct the model which the work-
men are to make use of as their guide.
We saw this model, and without a dissenting voice our whole party joined, as one
man, in suggesting to the architects who had U in charge the propriety of putting it on
exhibition in the Patent Offlce in Washington, when they have done with it. It is so
constmcted that every half inch (or perhaps less) represents a foot of the building, so that,
with this model before them, the workmen in the quarries may prepare every stone for its
place and fit it to the utmost nicety "before it is sent up to the temple" at Albany. It is
thus entirely possible to construct and erect the new Capitol of the State of New York
wilhout suffering the sound of saw, hammer, "or other instrument of iron" to be heard
on or about it. This little circumstance may convey a useful hint or suggestion to some
of your masonic readers, many of whom I have heard express their swonder at the wisdom
that could plan and build so magnificent a temple as that of Solomon without suffering
the sound of iron to be heard on or abou' its walls.
After visiting the new State House and other points of interest, which I shall not weary
your readers by naming, we called on Mr. Cassidy, Editor-in-chief of the Albany Argus,
at his elegant residence on  street, where we were received with a cordiality and a
heartfelt welcome which reminded us of home. After having been introduced to the
ladies ofthe family, we were shown into an ante-room where divers and sundry suspicious
looking black bottles (which covered a broad table in the centre of the room) gave us to
understand that we were once more to assist in "shedding the blood of Scio's vine." I
wUl not undertake to say what passed in that encounter otwits vs. wine because I was not
present. As soon as I had ascertained the object of our visit to the room I slipped out and
quietly stole my way back to the parlor where the ladies were. I have ever thought it
decidedly ungallant to leave the society of ladies for that of the wine cup, and the more I
think of it the more firmly do my convictions on that subject become rooted in my mind.
Of course I do not mean to censure or refiect upon those who think or act differently.
In such matters every man's conscience is a law unto itself, and no other tribunal has
jurisdiction of his case.
Speaking of Mr. Cassidy and of his accomplished aide, Mr. Smith (the latter of whom,
by the way, inquired very particularly about his and our old friend, Milo Barrett,)
reminds me that during our sojourn in Western New York we found the Argus to be
the visiting paper in New York.
Monday morning, July 1st, we left Albany for Binghamton, via the Albany and Sus
quehanna Railroad, whose courteous offlcers gave us "clear bills of lading" all the way
through without money and without price. Not to multiply words on the subject, how-:
ever, no raUroad company north of the Potomac charged us a cent — the Brie alone
excepted. The offlcers of that road pretended to have entered into an agreement with
the New York Central which forbade them to carry excursionists at less than regular
fares. They even went so far as to exhibit a pretended telegram from Commodore Van
derbilt, President of the New York Central, in which it was distinctiy stated that if the
Erie carried our party free it would be regarded as a violation of the contract, and that np
matter whether the Erie carried us free or otherwise, the New York Central wonld make
us pay full rates, when we came to use tiieir road. Under these circumstances we felt
disposed to patronize the Erie in preference to the Central because we thought the Erie
had manifested the most liberal disposition. When we reached Buffalo, however, a new
Ught dawned upon us. The Central, in anticipation of our coming, had a splendid car
set apart for our exclusive use and from that time forth, no matter when or where the
programme we were following called us, the same road was always at our command and.
special cars at our service. And I think I hazard nothing in saying that it is in nearly
every respect the best road in the United States. Its passenger trains average about forty:

The Pine and The Palm. 103
five mUes per hour, but the bed ofthe road is so smooth and the track so perfect that the
passenger is hardly conscious that he is traveUng at more than the ordinary rate of speed.

BINGHAMTON.
The flrst thing that arrested our attention on reaching the city of Binghamton was the
thunder of artillery, and for the next few minutes, succeeding the stopping of the train, it
seemed as though we were having the same sort of greeting that in 18C2-3-4 and 5 was
uniformly extended Southem men when they put on their best gray clothes and "rubbed
up" their guns to go and see their blue-clad Northern friends just over the way. But
after Ustening in vain for that inquisUive "where's you" with which a shell "searches
around" for somebody to b*rst at, we reached the pleasant conclusion that all that thing
had passed away, and that the object of the present demonstration was to do us unusual
honor. And in that we were not mistaken; the salvo was indeed intended to manifest
the pleasure with which the citizens of Binghamton welcomed our visit. Binghamton
was the birthplace of Gilbert C. Walker, Governor of the State of Virginia, and three-
fourths of our party were Virginia Editors. In public, as also in private, I had heard the
latter express the most enthusiastic admiration ofthe public and private character of Gov.
Walker; and it seemed that the good opinion was mutual, for we now found that the
Governor had telegraphed his old neighbors and friends to make the hospitaUty of Bing
hamton as conspicuous towards the Editors as their confldence in him had all along
been generous and magnanimous. It was also in this county (Broome) that our noble
hearted old leader. Major Hotchkiss, was born, and he, too, had preferred a request
similar to that which had been telegraphed by Governor Walker.
Thus stimulated, the hospitaUty which events showed to be indigenous to that lovely
littie city was aroused to the fullness of its perfection, and from the moment of our arrival
untu the train that bore us southward passed from their view, its citizens vied with each
other in heaping words and deeds of kindness upon us — so much so indeed that " had each
kind word and deed been a flower a monument of roses" would have covered us from the
sight of men. Several hundred citizens, including some of the most beautiful women in
New York, were assembled at the depot to welcome us, and an excellent band of music
was also there to lead the procession formed to escort us to our quarters at the splendid
old Cafferty House. From almost every building in the city gay banners and streamers
were floating, and from the third and fourth stories red, white and blue bunting fell in
rich folds to the very sidewalks below. Even the little boys had invested their smaU
change in Chinese crackers in order that they too might be enabled to contribute their
share towards the general ovation. " Straws," you know, " indicate the direction of the
-wind," and we looked upon the ovation tendered us by childhood as a " straw " which
showed the strong current ofthe popular heart.
Having spent the last three or four days in the sober atmosphere of Boston and amid the
hallowed associations and sanctities of the Sabbath at Albany, a severe drought had fallen
upon the appetites ofa majority of the Editors, insomuch that one of their flrst resorts,
after reaching their quarters, was the well supplied bar of the Cafferty House. Olhers
wanted to indulge a smoke, and, therefore, sought the same general rendezvous. Of
course no ooe expected it, but when payment was tendered the barkeeper, for the cigars
and liquor, he politely refused to receive it. They had all been paid for. Anticipating the
very result which I have spoken of as flowing from our unusual abstinence the citizens
had deposited with the barkeeper a sufflcient sum of money lo keep our whistles moistened
during the stay we purposed making in their city. Several of tiie party, apprehending a
scarcity of changes of raiment in case they neglected this last opportunity perhaps, sent

104 The Pine and The Palm.
various littie bundles to the laundry. Por all such bundles a heedful watch was kept,
and as a consequence no bill ever came back when they were returned. These litfle
incidents I mention merely to show the thoroughness of the genial hospitality wliich from
the moment of our arrival flowed about our footsteps in abounding streams fresh from the
hearts of this noble people.
Afler dinner, (which was re idy for us even before we were ready for it,) thirty or forty
flne carriages were placed at our disposal by the citizens, in each of which rode one or two
of our kind entertainers lo act as chaperones during the ride which it was intended we
should take through the city. The flrstobject of interest that wc encountered was the steam
water works of Binghamton. Here we found two wells, forty or fifty feet in depth and
about twelve feel in diameter, from which the waler supply for fifteen thousand people was
derived. With a view to testing its qualities each of us tried a glass of the water, fresh
from the pumps, which we found to be as clear as crystal and as cold as the coldest of our
Mountain Springs. From these wells the water is drawn by the agency of a double
cylinder steam engine which not only forces il to all parts of the city, but forces it with
such power that no other fire engine whatever is needed to proiect Binghamton from the
ravages of the flames. Iwas informed by a gentleman, with whom I conversed on the
subject, that the cost ofthis splendid engine was about $6 000.
Fiom the water works we drove to the State Inebriate Asylum, an institution that
more nearly resembles a weU conducted hotel than an hospital. It is situated in one of
the loveliest spots and commands one of the finest views that asylum was ever yet blessed
with. Dr. Burr, the acting superinteiidenl of the asylum, and Mr. Hyde, showed us over
the institution and introduced us to many of the patients, after which, re-entering the
carriages, we retraced our steps to the (incomplete) mansion of Mayor Phelps, where we
had the pleasure of seeing what is destined to be one of the most elegant and princely
private residences in the United States. I shall not attempt to describe it; but that your
readers may be enabled to form some slight estimate of its magnificence I will stale that
one pair of doors, intended ior the front doorway of the central hall, cost $1,500 atthe
manufactory. In the third-story of this unfinished palace great bowls of rum punch,
claret punch, lemonade, &c., were served, while all around, like sentinels about some
Ethiopian encampment, stood huge black bottles, bearing such mythic legends as " Old
Tom," "Old Bourbon," " Old Otard," besides various olher "Old" fellows, whose names
have since escaped my memory. To these, as in duty bound, our respects were duly paid.
It is a pleasant sight to see youth so deferential to " old " age — so prompt and so zealous
in taking it to the bosom.
From Mayor Phelps' we drove lo Colonel Walton Dwight's. Colonel Dwight is lhe
owner of the residence once occupied by the celebrated Daniel S. Dickinson, and during
the late unpleasantness commanded the splendid regiment of troops known as the "Buck-
tails" of Pennsylvania. The Colonel was at home ready to receive us, and I most
unhesitatingly declare that had we been his own sons, instead of late enimies, his welcome
could have been no warmer — his hospitality no more bounteous. The same wealth of
"mineral waters" — the same profundity of (amicable) punches and the same genial array
of •' old " faces that had smiled out upon us in that third-story of Mayor Phelps' residence,
beamed full upon us here also ; and that all hands did ample justice to the claims due
former acquaintanceship was clearly evident from the rapidity wilh which, from that
time, even the most quiet tongues commenced lo wag.
Leaving Colonel Dwight's we called next at General E. F. Jones'. The General com
manded a brigade of cavalry during the war, and, like all other true soldiers ofthe North
em army, showed that he was as generous in peace as he was brave in war. His lady
met us at the door of his residence and welcomed each of us as we entered, but the General
would suffer no delay, because the sun was now sinking low in the west, and he said we

The Pine and The Palm. 105
had " much drinking to do before sundown." He therefore hurried us into a room pre
pared especially for the present occasion. On a table, which stood in the centre of the
floor, was a demi-cone, composed of roses and evei'greens, in the centre of which was
imbedded, and embowered, a five gallon bowl of delightful punch that sparkled and
glistened in the declining sunUght like a cusket of rubies. Other drinks were als-o fioating
around promiscuously in the richest abundance, and the breath of fine Havanas was
fragrant upon the air. Some of the party, desirous of escaping the temptations which
hedged them round about within doors, stole away from " the wine that was red wiihin
the cup "lo catch the reviving and refreshing breezes that ruffled the beautiful grass-
carpeted lawn.
They needed something of the sort to dissipate the fumes of the Havanas. But "mine
hosl" missed them ere long and going to the door politely invited them in. Of course,
no one decUned to go; but when all were once more safely housed he locked the door upon
them and very quietly dropped the key in the punch bowl — informing the crowd, as he did
BO, that when the punch was exhausted there would be no difflculty in reaching the key.
Eventually, however, some prying genius found a long handled spoon or ladle with
which he resurrected the key from its ruby grave.
Leaving Gen. Jones almost exhausted with his herculean labors, we went next to the resi
dence of Mr. J. S. Wells, "where the same questions -were asked and like answers relurned
as before." Thence we proceeded to the beautiful residence of Mr. John Rankin, passing
on the way the residence of Mr. G. R. Andrews, -where we had the pleasure of meeting
and taking by the hand the venerable mother of Major Hotchkiss, now more than eighty
years of age, who came out to greet and welcome the friends of her son. The meeting
between the Major and his mother was very affectionate and creditable alike lo him and
toher. At Mr. Rankin's we found, in addition to the wines, etc.. a splendid collation spread
beneath the shade of the trees in his nicely terraced yard and presided over by the ladies
of his household. A liUle speech making was here indulged, in which many fine, but
well deserved compliments were paid the ladies for their courtesy, kindness and charac
teristic loveliness. On our return to the hotel we -were taken to the Fire Department of
the cily, which we found fitted up with almost palatial elegance. As I said belore, they
have no flre engines in Binghamton. The hose carriage is all that their water works
demand. The numerous hydrants arc arranged wilh taps on which as many sections of
hose as may be necessary are screwed, and the force ot the water works engine is such
fliat with no other or further preparation thirlccn fine streams can be thrown over the
loftiest building in the city. The engine is always ready, steam is never suffered to go
down ; but when a flre occurs the engineer is instantly signalled to raise the pressure to a
certain definite and understood standard. The bote carriages, of which there are but two,
are perfect beauties. One of the number, a silver mounted affair that looks like a piece of
parlor furniture, cost over $4,000. The other, while not quUe so expensive is equally as
Berviceable, and as neat as a new pin.
TUe banquet that night was a magniflcent affair, but as I am wearied with this letter I
WUI, on this occasion, introduce the Binghamton papers and allow them to speak in my

At nine o'clock members of the Press, with neariy all our prominent citizens, and a large
number of invited guests, assembled under the hospitable roof of "mine host," Cafferty, to
do justice to the good things set before Ihem. It was emphatically "a feast of reason and
a flow of soul " Wine, wit and sentiment flowed from the commencement until the wee
sma' houis" warned them to retire to seek that repose necessary to enable tiiem to con
tinue the programme of the coming day. It will be gratifying to our citizens to learn that
Binghamton's entertainment surpassed any that has heretofore been extended to them

106 The Pine and The Palm.
during the trip. The bUl of fare embraced everything calculated to tempt the palate and
contribute to the hilarity and pleasure of the occasion. The Forty- Fourth Regimental
Band was present, and discoursed sweet music, and that with the jests, social converse
and the bon mots that were freely passed around, occupied the attention of the gentlemen
until toasts and speeches were in order, when Judge Phelps (who was presiding) announced
"our distinguished guests."
H. E. T. Manning, of the Roanoke News, Weldon, N. C, responded. He said when
he replied to Major Hotchkiss' invitation to join the excursion, he wrote that no means
better than social intercourse could be devised to bring the North and South together, and
make the people understand each other. With that sentiment they had come aniong us,
and have everywhere met with a hospitality and generosity always characteristic of
Northern people. If the way to men's hearts, as has been said, lies down their throats,
the people of the North have found a way to Southern hearts. (Laughter.) Referring to the
late war, Mr. Manning said the South did what it could, and did it conscientious-ly. No
brave man in the North will blame them for their acts, if they believe they were done
with a sense of right. Now he sees a bright future for the country, in the mingling of the
North and the South, and the blue with the gray. Surrounded as he was by brave men,
he said he felt Uke quoting from the poet:
" Breathes there a mau "with soul so dead.
Who never to himself hath said
This is my own, my native laud."
They had experienced all over the North hospitality mingled with generosity. The
fair daughters, as well as the men ofthe North, had stood ready to bid them welcome, and
do them honor, and they might rest assured that not only they, but the whole South,
would remember their kindnesses. He had no desire to bring up unpleasantnesses of the
heart. They are matters of history, and should be allowed to rest as such. The future
energies of both sections should now be bent to make the United States what they can
be made, the fairest and greatest nation in the world. (Cheers.)
The toast to the "Municipality and Press of Binghamton '' was next given, and the
Mayor called on Mr. Malette, of the Daily Republican, to respond :
Mr. Malette remarked that, without health and strength, as it would happen on this
day, sufficient to justify anybody "staying out of nights," he was there, among them, andl
purposed staying long enough, after reading a toast, to see that his friend, Major Cronin,
should carry a part of the burden which had been put upon him. He gave notice herei
to his enterprising and patriotic fellow-toasters, in order that they miglit govern them
selves with knowledge, that he had the honor to be the bearer of still another toast, from
a distinguished citizen of Binghamton, who would have been here to present it himself
had he been able. He aUuded to William Stuart, Esq., and the subject of the toast waa
the leader of the Excursion of Southern Editors, Major Hotchkiss.
Upon what principle an Editor, whose business it was to urge, if not cudgel his brain all
day, should be asked to continue that pleasing process at night, — and further, why he
should be expected to represent the Municipality along with the Press, — instead of some
other citizen who might do it with more propriety and better, — as he hoped during the
evening would be done, — puzzled the will and the understanding.
But occupying his place, he would speak, with all his heart, to the guests of the evening,
the welcome of Binghamton. He knew he could do that for the Press, for wliich he was
specially commissioned ; and he was equally confldent, from what so happily appeared,
that the city government and people of Binghamton entered with unreserved and most
praiseworthy heartiness into the reception and welcome.

The Pine and The Palm. 107
There was, the speaker said — those who knew him best need not be assured — no ordi
nary occasiop which would tempt him in a public assembly, from his virtue of reticence.
With the modesty pecuUar to members of the Press, he should at once set up his claim to
that I But he could not slay at home, nor fail to greet these men of the South, now among
us upon a visit of cordiality and good will. The occasion is eminentiy ours. Binghamton
ahd Broome county were in a high degree entitled to the honorof the movement, of which-
this was one of the happy results. Not only was here the nativity of the man who had
conceived the plan of bringing together the representatives of the North and South, but
both excursions had had their flrst impetus from Binghamton. We should hear more
about that from the Ups of Major Hotchkiss, before the end ofthis festivity, more than had
been remembered by the speaker, and that must be quite new to most of those who should
hear. Mr. Malette said he had proposed the excursion, by the gentlemen of the Press of the
Bouth to Binghamton, without once thinking that it would compel him to abandon his
favorite role of silence. He had thought solely of the eminent propriety of such a visit
North, and of the great good Ukely to be accomplished by it. He was sure the people of
the North would greet such an expression of confldence and desire for cordiality, with the
warmest and most generous of responses. They would — as the result proved — crown these
; gentlemen ofthe South, seeking the way to better and truer relations, with their blessings;
they were waiting to sing with their Southern brethren — (as it had occurred at Boston,
where the guests had visited) — the songs of peace ; they would put into their hands olive
branches, as they would gladly hold in their own, forever.
The reception of the Editors of the North in the South — children of Israel wandering
¦with their Moses (Major Hotchkiss) in a strange land — was the beginning of a new day of
peace. The Canaanites met us with artillery whose roar was tremendous — it was the
sound of their voices of welcome. The cold steel to which they invited us was the steel
of their carving knives. These Canaanites were not of the ancient sort ; whose homes
were promised to the faithful.
The traditional hospitality of the South was more than maintained. It was not dead or
sleeping. It comprised an earnestness of welcome as unexpected as it was gratifying.
The members ofthe Press were received with tokens of consideration which they could in
no manner claim as belonging to them, but which they accepted as for the people of the
North. The social heart of the South was stirred ; it was met with the best response the
Northern Editors knew how to make.
Mr. Malette then spoke briefly of the Press, saying that what he should utter, as from
the Press to the Press, 'might for the good of the cause be regarded as "in school;" and
not to be heard by disinterested ears. The power of a free Press, stupendous as the power
of thought, rests on a strict adherence to truth and principle. There was not, as formerly,
any great contravening cause. Thanks to the spirit of liberty and progress, there was
now practically no outrage upon the freedom of the Press, of the foremost nations- no.
general Index Expurgatorius, nor even the hardly less offensive imprimatur. The Press
ofthis country was absolutely free, subject only to the just law of protection of individual
rights. If he (the speaker) were lo put in one sentence the results of his own experience
and convictions, he could not do it so well as by repeating the words addressed to him by
the most eminent Editor, Poet and Scholar of this country, at whose feet he had had the
honor to sit, as a pupil : " Print no word which your conscience does not approve."
After making a short address to the Press of the South and North, as one body, in.
which the tremendous responsibility that each and all bore for the permanent peace and
good understanding and prosperity of the country, was commented on, wilh a view to.
tiie fact that the utterances of the Press become interwoven with the thought of the coun-

108 The Pine and The Palm.
try, and the fabric of its policy— Mr. Malette offered the following toast, which was drunk
standing :
Tlie Soutliern Editorial Excursionists:
The representatives of the intelUgence and patriotism of the South ; their coming to the
Norlh is to be hailed as the sign and beginning of a new era of peace : May they flre the
Southern heart for the re-united States, for the brotherhood of our people, for the memo
ries which are theirs and ours, and for a spirit of concord and devotion which shall assure
the grand destiny ofthe Republic.
At the conclusion of Mr. Malette's remarks there was music by the Forty-Fourth Regi
ment Band.
R. W. Hunter, of the Winchester (Va.) Times, who was called on to speak to the toast,
said he did not rise to make a speech, but to complete a speech begun al Mr. Rankin's, in
which he was interrupted by Gen. Jones. He wanted to say he had been enchanted in
Binghamton. The scenery from the Inebriate Asylum (laughter) is grand, and not
excelled by anything he ever saw. The wisdoin of the Legislature in erecting the
Inebriate Asylum so near Binghamton was apparent to him. (Clieers.) Its location
corresponds with the eternal fitness of things. (Cheers.) He was also highly pleased
wilh the City Water- works, the best in the world. Water is good taken internally, but it
is not good to take it clear. (Laughter.) There must be a commingling of spirits with
water, as well as of the North and South. (Laughter.) He proposed, he said, to enlarge
upon this subject. As he was speaking in Broome county, and Broome county gave to
Virginia her Governor Walker, (cheers,) a gentleman, whom he believed he could say
¦truthfully that he had done something to elect him to his present position; Broome county
also gave to Virginia its Major Hotchkiss.
Governor Walker has not only been valuable to Virginia, but has done the whole
country a valuable service. Virginia was under a military government when he went
into the Gubernatorial chair. He (the speaker) hoped his hearers would never know what
it was to be under railitary mle. Virginia fought four years to get out of the Union, was
extremely anxious to get back, and that feat was accompUshed largely by Governor
Walker. The winter of our discontent was made glorious summer by this son of York.
(Cheers.) When the war closed all asperities were buried. Neither South nor North has any
malignancy to nurse ; no vengeance to gratify. You are as ready to take us by the hand
as we are to clasp your hands? We have found it so everywhere we have been. At the
Hub, where Gilmore played with cannon accompaniment, Dixie was played for our
entertainment, and no sooner had it been flnished than Yankee Doodle was struck up.
Slavery is gone, and it is not the spirit of bravery to hold on to old issues. The Southem
people, like yourselves, have not forgotten the past, but they wish to be on friendly terms
with the people of the North, and unite in making our country great and grand beyond
any conception heretofore formed.
As Mr. Hunter took his seat the band played Dixie, followed by Yankee Doodle.
Mayor Phelps offerred the following toast :
" Our friends from abroad, and especially the Mayor of Scranton "
Mayor Monies was called upon to respond. He said the people of Scranton had always
felt kindly toward the citizens of Binghamton. He had been much pleased with what he
had seen of the people of Binghamton during the day, and with what he was seeing. As
to the S juthern Editors, he hoped they would be as well pleased with their reception at
Scranton as they had reason to be with their reception at Binghamton.

The Pine and The Palm. 109
Colonel Lynn offered the following :
" The State we call the Empire State. God bless her."
To this toast Judge Balcom was called to respond. He said if he had been called upon
to speak for Binghamton he would have been contented by remarking as a gentleman
pnce did concerning Henry Clay's mouth, it speaks for itself. (Cheers.) But New York
was a great State to speak for ; that he did not expect to say anything when he came
there. That the people of Binghamton had not assembled there as partisans, but as citizens
pfthe Empire State to give the representatives of the Southem Press a cordial and hearty
welcome, (cheers) which they were doing. The people of the Empire State have no hatred
or unkind feelings towards the inhabitants of the Southern States, as was readily seen by
such greetings as theywere giving the Southern Editors who were present. The great
need of the people of the two sections of the Union, was that they should know each other
better than they had. That Southern gentlemen coming North found we were very much
like themselves ; that when Northern Editors went South last year, they discovered that
the people in that part of the Union gave them the most cordial greetings and acted
tpwards them like brothers. (Cheers.) He thought such excursions better than that
gentiemen should go lo Europe for pleasure ; that there was enough North and South in
pur own country to interest all travelers, sight-seers, and pleasure-seekers. He trusted the
iime was not far distant -when the people of the South would be as prosperous and happy
as those of the Empire State (cheers;) that they have but one great Government and one
destiny. The Judge continued at considerable length, and sat down amid cheers.
Colonel Lynn offered the following :
"The Soldiers of the South — may their valor in battle only be equalled by the valor of
the whole country."
General A. B. Venable, of the New Commonwealth, FarmvUle, Va., was called upon
to respond. He said he felt unworthy to represent the glorious army under Lee and
Stonewall Jackson. He was in the Southern army, flnd had no recantations to make. He
fought for what he beUeved was right. He believed the Northern people, who live in a
cold climate, were as icy as their winters. He is now among us to view our beautiful
scenery, and admire our great internal improvements. He glories in the wealth of the
North, and he is now one of the young men of the South who will clasp hands with the
young men of the North to make the whole country great and progressive. He was
proud of the whole country. He feels proud of the North, and the North should feel
proud ofthe South. Botii sections should bury past differences and clasp hands here and
forever as American citizens. (Cheers.)
At the conclusion of General Venable's remarks, the band played "America."
"Our Country" was proposed by Colonel Lynn, and responded to by Major Cronin.
Major Cronin said : The law whose existence modern science has demonstrated— the
most important discovery since Newton's time— the law of Evolution, or Universal Pro
gress, permits no evil without a resultant good. When, for a moment, we recall the
events of a few vears ago, and think how terribly both North and South have suffered;
and then look about us at this banquet, where meet, wUh cordial and fraternal feeUngs,
the citizens of one undivided country, we may perceive what great good has resulted Irom
great evil, and feel assured fliat the South and North have consolidated a peace which wiU
be as perpetual as Uie rivers and mountains of our country. To him the banquet possessed
a significance, in a broad, human sense, of more importance than the Confederate victory
at Chancellorsville, or the triumph of Federal arms at Vicksburg.
When we consider flie irresistible tendencies toward a higher civilization, toward a
union of aU peoples and nations— a tendency well Ulustrated by the recentiy projected

110 The Pine and The Palm.
steam ferry between Calais and Dover, which will bind together those hereditary foes,
England and France— may we not hope, without being accused of Utopianism, that the
-time will surely come " When the war drum throhs no longer,
And the battle flags unfurled,
In the Parliament of Man—
The Federation of the World."
Col. Lynn proposed the following, which was responded to by Gen. John Robinson ;
" The Soldiers of the North : May their valor in battie only be equalled by their efforts
and ours for the perpetuity ofthe whole Union."
Gen. Robinson said he did not see the propriety of a soldier replying to a toast like that.
'Officers are generally modest and cannot talk well about themselves. (Laughter.) Armies
are a necessary evil. Men are like animals : their natural state is war. Organized armies,
to prevent the stronger swallowing the weaker, cause peace.
With the past decade the finest armies ever organized have met in battie in this country.
We of the North fought you to the death, because we believed that if you succeeded we ,
should all go to perdition. If there is any more fighting to do he preferred that it should
be with some other country. He had enough of civil war, and he beUeved tbe South had.
During his miUtary ser-vice he had spent many years in the South, and formed many
-acquaintances, and he had many dear friends there who left in 1860 to join their fortunes
with the Southern Confederacy. He served in the South after the war, and occasionally
then received attentions from the members of the Editorial profession there, (laughter,)
and when he was reUeved in the South to take command of the Department of the Lakes,
a North Carolina Editor said he had been sent away about the right distance to please the
-South. That Editor, the General said, had never met him, and did not know what a
•clever fellow he was. (Laughter.) If he had been with this excursion he would have
been convinced that there are many clever fellows at the North.
" The Press of Scranton," was responded to by Mr. Adams, of the Democrat. He said
he was glad to be a part of the party, and waS glad he had witnessed the reception in
iBinghamton. He did not go to the war but sent a substitute. [Colonel Dwight : Hurrah
for the substitute.] He hoped to show the Excursionists the genius of the people of
Pennsylvania in rearing up a city of 45,000 inhabitants where forty years ago there was
Bothing but a howling wilderness. He believed the Press had done something toward
•that development and improvement. He was not like the medical profession. He could
-take his own medicine. With the aid of the Press, a million of minds can be struck with
the same ideas. Mr. Adams concluded his remarks by referring again to the reception of
the Southern Editors in Scranton.
Colonel Dwight said that welcome to the Southern Editors was the voice of every person
in Binghamton. No North, no South, no East, no West, is the sentiment everywhere.-
Formerly we only knew each other by the politicians. Had we have known each other
socially the war would never have been. He preferred the crack of champagne bottles to
the crack ofa battery, and he hoped the moulders of public opinion would go South and
•tell their readers that we are a set of clever fellows up in Yankeedom. (Cheers.)
At the conclusion of Colonel Dwight's remarks, the band played " The Star Spangled
Banner." A neat toast to Tennessee was proposed by Colonel Lynn, and J. M. Keating, of the
Memphis Appeal, was called upon to respond, but it was announced that that gentieman
¦was indisposed and had probably retired.

The Pine and The Palm. Ill
Robert D. Ward, ofthe Richmond Inquirer, made some humorous remarks, comparing
the temperance or intemperance of the North with the intemperance of the South. He
.beUeved the light wines of New York — equal to those of Rhineland — were great promoters
of temperance. He had been captured by the North, not by cannon; but by being taken
to the Northern homes and introduced to the wives and families, he was made to feel as
though he were in Old Virginia, when people had enough to make those around them
happy. He had supposed that people living in cold climates had cold souls ; but he found
as warm souls in his tour North as he ever met with. He would go back, he said, and
tell the people of the Old Dominion that the people of the Empire State gave the represen
tatives ofthe Southern States the grandest reception ever given to anybody. If you come
among us we will not treat you as you have treated us, because we cannot do it; but
honest men can shake honest men by the hand and look honest men in the heart. The
South will be benefitted by our receptions among you, and will be more ready, by this
evidence of good feeling, to unite in making this the greatest country on the face of God's
foot-stool. (Loud cheers.)
Mr. R. W. Hunter followed Mr. Ward, with humorous personal aUusions about him.
The toast of "The North, our Co-Equal in the Union, we rejoice in her unexampled
prosperity,'' was proposed by Colonel Lynn and responded to by District Attomey
Hopkins. Mr. Hopkins said that with the experience of nine months before Petersburg he
could testify to, the valor of the South. The South believed it was right, and sacrificed a
Stonewall Jackson to the bloody struggle. We believed we were right, and sacrificed our
Wadsworth. Let us now stand by the graves of Jackson and Wadsworth and looking
over the bloody chasm that intervenes, pronounce for a union of hearts, a union ol hands,
and the fiag of our Union forever. (Cheers.)
Robert B. Berkeley, of the Richmond Whig, being called upon, responded in a very
Woquent speech, in which he said that there is not a heart in all the Northern land that
was not wounded and draped in mourning by the war, yet we meet around this festal
board, have clasped hands, and know we are friends. The grand object of this trip has
been accomplished. As the gentleman has said ; we stand by the graves of Wadsworth
and StonewaU Jackson, and look and clasp hands over the bloody chasm that intervenes.
Hereafter we will press forward together. There are scars in the South as well as in the
North but we can press forward together and make America what it should be. (Cheers.)
We fought against the Union, but we are ready with our feeble hands to support that
banner that fioats so proudly over your residences. (Loud applause.) Robert E. Lee, had
his services been requested, would immediately after the close ofthe war, have given every
energy for the Union, and taught a nobler lesson than we aU can teach. We want states
men now to rise above party and self. We want Americans to appreciate the liberty
bought with blood and bathed in tears. VOLUNTEER TOAST.
The regular programme being here completed, Mr. Malette obtained the floor, that
was contested by the friends of some of the young lawyers of Binghamton, and said he
would now present tiie toast to which he had referred, of Mr. Stuart, to the Great Pacifi
cator, whose name was already a part of American history. It was as follows :
"N. H. Hotchkiss, Uie practical statesman, and public benefactor of the day, to whom
the gratituc i of the nation is eminently due.
"Had the grand idea, now so happily consummated of bringing tiie North and the South
together, through Uieir Editorial representetives, been conceived and carried out, fifteen

112 The Pine and The Palm.
years ago, the mightier pen, would not have yielded to the sword, and ci-vil war have
desolated the land.''
The toast was received with cheers; and there were calls from all parts of the room for
Major Hotchkiss. LIAJOE HOTCHKISS' SPEECH.
Mr. Hotchkiss said he was too full of gratitude for utterance. He lived in Broome
county until he was forty years of age; then he went to Virginia, and saw that the people
of the North did not know or understand the people of lhe South. He believed Uie North
and the South should come together and a good understanding, and full appreciation
would follow. He entered into the employ of the Chesapeake and Ohio, and Richmond
and York River Railroads, for forty dollars a month, and paid his traveling expenses,
with the exception of railroad fare. His salary was soon raised to one hundred and fifty
dollars per month, and wilh fhat capital he took a company of sixty Northem Editors
through the South. When they returned, Mr. Malette, of the Binghamton Republican,
called upon him to bring an equal number of Southern Editors North. He did it, and the
reception they were at was one of the results. He wanted some more able man tp
continue wilh the excursions until it shall be a great movement, increasing in numbers
each year, as the snow-balls he rolled down hill when a boy increased with each
evolution. He wanted it understood that the railroad companies in whose employ he is, are to be
thanked for the movement which he has the reputation of leading. Without their aid he
would be able to accomplish nothing ofthe kind.
General Jones being called upon said that in behalf of the citizens of Binghamton he
had worked all day at the stomachs of the guests, where their appearance seemed to
indicate their needs lay. But he feared, when too late to make amends, that we begin at
the wrong end of the reception.
T. F. McDonald, in response to calls, said it was the happiest day he had experienced
since the day he came out of a Confederate prison and breathed the free air again under
the old fiag, He was happy to hear the sentiments of patriotism so nobly spoken by the
gentlemen ofthe South, and could say, in the language of one of New England's sweetest
poets — " Go sound the loud tymhrel
O'er Egypt's dark sea;
Jehovah has triumphed.
His people are free."
Mr. Becker, after repeated calls, arose and said : I drink to our Southem guests, not in
the ruby wine which cheers, exhilirates and often inebriates, but in the cold, life-giving,
sparkUng water, the toast of Rip Van Winkle, "Here's to you and your family, long may
you prosper and be happy." Though not myself a member of the Press— as I have been
accused of being (for further particulars I refer you to Major Cronin, over the way,)— but
rather a disciple of Blackstone than a knight of the quill and scissors, still I think there Is
one sentiment in which our gallant friends will unite with the legal fratemity. Itis this:
"A fee-simple, or a simple fee,
And all the fees entail
Are naught when compared to thee,'
Thou best .of fees— femalo.
Colonel Dwight replied felicitously to this toast.

The Pine and The Palm. 113
Mr. George Becker closed -with a speech of twenty minutes duration that was replete
with eloquence, and which added much to the entertainment ofthe evening. The company
then arose and clasping hands around the table, sang "Auld Lang Syne," with the Band
accompaniment, and then a good night and to bed— all much pleased with each other, the
world, and things in general.
Just as the entertainment was about to close. General Jones mounted a chair and pro-
'ppsed " Three cheers for the best set of fellows that ever assembled under this roof," and
they were given with a vim that made the very rafters ring.
At one the ensuing evening we quUted Binghamton amid the kind wishes and regretful
adieux of both entertainers and entertained.
We clip from a Bingliamton and a Lynchburg paper :
General E. F. Jones, of our city, was caUed for and responded. General Jones was
really the "head and front" of the heartiness and cordiality which animated aU our
citizens. He knows how to entertain people without their knowledge — the rarest of social
gifts. In the afternoon of Monday the citizens supplied carriages for thc Editors, and Mayor
Phelps, Colonel Dwight, General Jones, John Rankin, Esq., and Mr. WeUs, provided at
their respective residences collations which would have been thought munificent by
hereditary princes.
Mr. Foster, of Charlottesville, Va., was called the " baby " of the excursion, and he bears
the title with equanimity, and weighs only 280 pounds. Mr. Lynn, the President of the
Excursionists, is highly respected by all the Editors, and is one of the leading minds
among them. He was not chosen President for any adventitious merits.
To Major N. H. Hotchkiss is due the credit of planning and executing an expedition
which will result in lasting good to the whole country. He is a gentleman of force, nerve,
transparent honor, and is gifted with a frankness of disposition that includes almost every
social accomplishment. Long may he wave.
We wish we could mention all who participated in the reception. Mr. Cafferty, who
furnished the banquet, knows how to keep a hotel. Can a higher compliment be paid to
any man ?
'The music was Stubblebine-^which means artistic and reflned.
George Lawyer, of the Democrat, and Mr. G. R. Reid, of the Republican, looked after
the finances. Their labors were arduous, but unrequited.
Mr. D. R. Grant and Mr. Gennet — the latter was in the excursion South last year — per
formed prodigies of hard work in preparing the reception. As did also Messrs. Brownson,
Devoe and Wells.
The Editor of the Times — but we are becoming too personal, and must stpp.
To sum up, Binghamton eclipsed all of her sister cities in the heartiness of her reception,
and her noble citizens may rest assured they wUl ever hold a pleasant place in the memo
ries of the Southem Excursionists.
Among the incidents of the visit to Binghamton was the meeting of the veteran Major
Hotchkiss with his aged mother, near four score and ten, who had come the distance of
fifteen miles to see her darling boy. The scene was most affecting, when the two met in
embrace, and there was scarcely a dry eye among the party when the aged son and
mother were seen weeping their tears of joy. A blessing was involuntarily bestowed from
one and all, and a fervent hope expressed that the mother and son might yet be spared
for many more such happy meetings.
But the happy time at Binghamton had to be brought to a close, and so, after early
breakfast, we set out on our journey, soon to leave behind us the great Empire State, tho
8

114 The Pine and The Palm.
borders of which were only a few mUes distant. Scranton, the city of wonderful growth,
and the centre of the great coal mining district of Pennsylvania, was our next point, which
we reached in three or four hours. SCRANTON.
Twenty years ago this city of 45,000 inhabitants was little more Uian a wUderness; but
the " black diamonds " of Anthracite lay in dense masses beneath its mountains and
vaUeys ; and when the acquisitive hand of Enterprise thrusts itself through the superin
cumbent earth and dragged them forth from their dark caverns into the glorious sunlight,
the mere hamlet feU their magic influence and within less than a decade sprung forward
to the third place among the great cities of Pennsylvania. Here we were met by a large
deputation of citizens, and, preceded by a splendid band of music, proceeded to the
Wyoming House, where quarters had been duly engaged long before our arrival. The
Mayor of the city, Mr. Monies, and the Editor of the Democrat, Mr. Adams, had met us at
Binghamton and accompanied us to Scranton. They were, therefore, the medium throngh
which our introduction to the leading citizens of Scranton was brought about; and
although the task was a heavy one, considering the fact that nehher had met us until
within the twenty -four hours last preced ing, it was performed with a tact and a grace that
would have done no discredit to gentiemen who had known us " from our youth up."
As a matter .of course the dust that had collected in our throats during the long ride must
needs be washed down and the hospitable citizens had on hand sundry specifics for just
that sort of complaint.
Of these one was labeUed "Bourbon," anotiier "Monongahela," another "Old Rye,"
(although I saw no wry faces made over it,) another "Otard," still another "Madeira," and
yet others of various names and denominations which, as your readers know nothing of
them — not even their names — I will not take up space by reciting. After these necessary
precautions against tracheal and epiglott sand bars had been duly employed our party
returned to the depot where we found a special train in waiting to convey us to the Coal
Mines. The flrst of these that we visited was the Taylorsville Mine, situated about
twelve furlongs from the city, and apparently one ofthe oldest and most profitable in that
vaUey. After roaming like a colony of rats through every nook and corner of the immense
coal-breaker we descended by means of a platform car into the deep abyss, (called a shafts
below. The coal-breaker resembles an immense, but very narrow, granary cut squarely
through at the comb and one side only left standing, with stair-cases leading from one
shed room to another until the third and last, or rather the main building, which stands
centrally over the shaft, is reached. From this circumstance your readers will readily
infer, what is indeed true, that the "granary" of which we speak has apparent two shed-
rooms— one extending out from the main building and the other extending out from that—
BO that to the exterior view the roof presents the appearance of a long narrow, incUned
plane, of which the angle of inclination increases with each of the successive roofe until
the "jumping off place" at the comb is reached. A steam engine below raises and lowers
the elevators which bring up at each trip about two thousand flve hundred pounds of coal.
The "box car" (which holds the coal) is supported by small iron wheels which rest on
regular railroad iron, securely fastened to the platform, or elevator, and which when the
platform reaches the level of the upper floor, connect with like bars that lead thence to a
point some ten feet distant, where the loaded car receives a tUt that empties it of its con-
' tents at one "fell swoop." The car is then roUed back to the platform, and firmly fastened
upon It. The engineer below receives the signal, and the elevator descends into the mine,
meeting, as it reaches the half-way point, a loaded car, going up by the same machinery

The Pine and The Palm. 115
and the same cable that sends it down. Reaching the bottom it is rolled aside, and a
loaded car (of which quite a number are kept in waiting below) is quickly placed upon
the platform in its stead. The signal again communicated, and the loaded car rapidly
ascends the shaft to the outer world. Reaching the floor above it is rolled to the "dump
ing" place, before referred to, whence its entire contents are bome away by a schute to
the machinery by which the larger lumps are partiaUy crushed. From the crushing
rollers the coal falls into two immense revolving sieves— the one on the right hand, the
oUier on the left. -These cylindrical sieves, (I don't use technicalities because they would
not be understood) resemble immense coffee toasters open at both ends— poised, not
horizontally, but at an inclination, downwards from the breaker, of about fifteen degrees.
The first pair of these cylinders is provided with very large interstices at the lower end,
which graduaUy decrease in size as we approach the upper. Three or four schutes lead
away to like cyUnders below, and into these the smaller lumps of coal that fall from the
larger cylinders are carried away to undergo a second sifting process.
The larger lumps (i. e., those too large to go through the interstices) gradually gliding
away, to the lower end of the sieve and are thence borne away by still another shute to
the receiving cars that are kept ready to receive the coal of that size. Meanwhile the
the smaller coal, that has fallen through the interstices before referred to, is carried down
the schute, and passed into a second set of cylinders, or sieves below. Here the same general
process takes place, but as these sieves are finer than the first, but similarly constructed in all
other respects, a second size of coal escapes from the lower terminus, while that which has
escaped their meshes goes down to the third and last set, where the pea coal and coal dust
are all that the fineness of the separator or sieve will permit to pass through. By this
process, apparentiy tedious but really rapid, the coal is assorted into four separate sets of
box or coal cars, each of which said sets is thus loaded exclusively with coal of about the
same sized lump, but the lumps in set No. 1 are twice the size of those in No. 2, those in
No. 2 twice or three times as large as those in No. 3, and so on down to the pea or trash
coal. These sets stand on tracks that connect with the railway on which we had been
traveling. Surrounding each schute leading from the various sieves are from six to eight urchins
whose features might at a glance be mistaken for the devU'sown and who watch the sooty
current as it glides by them, (stirring it occasionally -with a small rod kept for that purpose)
to pick out the pieces of slate that come gliding along with the coal. These little imps are
watched over by an overseer, who carries a long pole with which he touches up the idle
and inattentive. They are regular experts, and can scent a piece of slate as truly as a hound
scents his prey.
After we had gone through the breaker, the superintendent of the mine had a car, or
naked platform rather, elevated for our accommodation on which, ten at a time, we descend
ed 208 feet into the bowels of the earth, amid the densest darkness that the imagination
can picture. It was apparently a perilous trip, and two of our party positively refused to
take it. We bore each a small lamp attached to a wooden handle, so that when once down
and pursuing our subterranean explorations the line of march resembled a small torch light
procession. The air was very cool and what seemed singular to our inexperienced minds,
seemed to be blowing a gentie breeze. This we found on inquUy was produced by the ven
tilators by which the mine is kept continually supplied with fresh au. The galleries and
chambers into which the mine has been cut extend for acres in every direction forming a
labyrinth or honeycomb, from which no stranger would ever be lUiely to find his way out
Wherever the roof (which is composed of native slate) is weak, solid limber stauncheons,
or otherwise huge pUlars of coal (purposely left standing) afford the requisUe support
The imagination of the reader can picture whatever else of interest we saw in the mine,
(except the mules which we found drawing the coal cars) and I shaU therefore hurry

116 The Pine and The Palm.
forward to the entrance which is reached by an inclined road-way, or mule-way as it is
called, dug from the surface, about 500 yards from the breaker, for the admission of the
aforesaid mules. After reaching the bright sunlight once more we took the cars and visited
various other mines in that vicinity, one of which we were. told lay 600 feet below the
surface. But we went down into no more ; and now that our " natural curiosity " had
been duly satisfied returned to the city.
Returning to Scranton, we had the pleasure of meeting and conversing with Major F.
A. Dony, a prominent lawyer of Mauch Chunk, (pronounced Mock Chunk,) and one of
the cleverest men alive, who strongly insisted that our party should -visit his little city and
take Philadelphia in their route back to Baltimore. He informed us that the officers of
the Lehigh Valley Road, and of the connecting road between that road and Philadelphia,
had requested him to notify them at once whether or not we would consent to defiect
from our programme (which led us back to Baltimore via Northumberland on the Sus
quehanna) so that they might have special cars for our accommodation. It was, therefore,
essential that we should act at once. A meeting was accordingly caUed by President
Lynn, in which, after a short debate pro and con, it was determined to accept the kind
invitation extended by Major Dony and seconded bythe roads referred to. This decision
was all the more grateful to those who advocated the measure from the fact that Mr. Mc-
' Kean, managing Editor of the Philadelphia Public Ledger, acting for and in behalf of
George W. Childs, the enterprising proprietor of that paper, had extended us a polite
invitation to visit "the City of Brotherly Love" and become the guests of Mr. Childs
during our stay therein. The matter having now been deflnitely settled, Mr. Dony pro
ceeded to perfect the necessary arrangements, which he did with the utmost possible dis
patch, and made all ready for our "free transportation."
Immediately after our return from the coal mines a coUation was served at the residence
of Col. Tripp, an old gentleman who was visiting the Unes around Richmond during the
war and taken prisoner and conflned in the Libby for several months. He endured the
privations that Confederate soldiers know aU about, but had forgotten all this. He did
not forget, however, whUe enjoying his fine wines to send out some of it to the drivers.
Shortiy after tea, which in most Northern cities is announced at flve P. M., we pro
ceeded to the blast furnace, the roUing mUls and the railway iron rolling miUs, situated
about flve or six hundred yards from the hotel. In the flrst we saw what Major Hunter,
of Winchester, Va., very properly characterized in a speech delivered shortly afterwards
"the great grand-father of all the steam engines on tiie continent." It was designed to
supply the blast for the furnaces and most nobly did it perform that task. Its dimensions
are so huge that no ordinary building would admU of its introduction, even by piece-meal;
wherefore it was flrst set up and the building afterwards erected over it. It is a twenty-
flve thousand horse power affair, and has eight cast iron fly wheels, each of which is
about thirty feet in diameter. The air is conveyed from the engine to the furnace by
means of immense iron cylinders, resembUng the smoke stack of a steamer but much
larger. The furnaces are not unlike huge chimneys with a side opening just above the
level of the second floor. On this second floor the crude ore is deposited in great heaps,
from which the furnace is kept duly supplied through the "opening" referred to. The
flames reach from the base of the furnace up to and above this opening, and the glare
which they reflect upon even the most ruddy features, gives them the paUid hue of
death. From the blast furnace we went to the rolling miU, and from thence to the railroad
iron rolling mill, where we saw much that was, to our unpractised eyes, both novel and
interesting. We saw, for instance, square blocks of iron, heated to a white heat, drawn
through immense iron rollers (armed with successive grooves deepening from one end of
the rollers towards the other) graduaUy lengthening as they were passed, with surprising

The Pine and The Palm. 117
rapidity, from one groove to another and gradually assuming the peculiar shape of T uon
with each successive change, until as Uiey emerged from the last groove upon the long truck
beyond they were perfect T raUs and ready for the saw. The truck on which tiiey rested
after tiieir last emergence from the machinery was then rolled away to one side where
two rapidly revolving circular saws, set the proper distance apart, cut the bars, al each end
sunultaneously, into rails of the standard length. It was now night, and the glare of the
furnaces and the sooty visages of the workmen suggested frightful thoughts ofa country
where no 2500 horse-power engines are necessary to fan the flres.
Returning once more to the hotel we found a magniflcent banquet awaiting our arrival.
Two tables, extending from end to end of the long dining hall of the Wyoming House
fairiy groaned with the weight of a feast which none of us could do justice to because
already "too full for words." A goodly number of the magnates of Scranton, besides
mvited guests from the neighboring towns of Pittston, Wilkesbarre, Mauch Chunk, &c.,
were present to grace and do distinguished honor to the unusual occasion. The Mayor of
Scranton (Mr. Monies) presided with all the grace and dignity of a veteran. About eleven
o'clock the cloth was considered removed and toasting and speech making became the
order, nol of the day, but of the night The following programme of tiie toasts and
responses I clip from the columns of the Scranton Free-Press :
1. " Our Guests."— To which our Mayor responded by a heartUy expressed welcome
to Uie guests of the evening. In reply, Mr. J. S. Budd, ol the Index, of Petersburg, Va.
returned thanks in behalf of the Excursionists, for the cordial reception given them.
2. " Our Country— One and Indivisible."— Response by W. W. Ketcham, of Wilkes
barre, in a most eloquent and patriotic speech, which was as eloquentiy and patrioticaUy
responded to by R. B. Berkeley, ofthe Richmond (Va.) -Whig.
3. " The Press— The Modern Lever of Progress and Civilization."- Response by J. B.
Adams, oi \h.e Democrat, ofthis city, and J. M. Keating, ofthe Memphis (Tenn.) Appeal,
4. " National Fraternity— The true basis of successful co-operation for the advance
ment of good will among all citizens."— Response by J. D. Laclar, ofthe Republican, of
this city, and Colonel Stone, ofthe News, Raleigh, N. C.
5. " The Judiciary— Honest, Pure, Incorruptible ; the only safeguard of the Constitu
tional rights of the people."— Response by C. Smith, of this city, and Major R. W. Hunter,
of Uie Times, Winchester, Va.
6. " Education — The great bulwark of a nation's prosperity and happiness." — Response
by Colonel C. E. Boyce, of this city, and A. B. Venable, of the Commxmwealth, Farm-
ViUe, Va.
7. " Coal, Iron and Cotton — The three great staples of the commercial industry of our
nation ; may they always meet with the fostering care of an honest Govemment." —
Response by Hon. Lewis Pughe, ofthis city, in a succinct history of the rise and progress
of the coal and iron interest of this valley.
The toast was also responded to in behalf of the South by M. M Cooke, of the Mont
gomery (Ala.) DaUy Advertiser and MaU, with some valuable statistics of the production
and value of the cotton crop of the South, showing the importance of that staple, its bearing
upon the financial situation at Washington, its instrumentality in keeping the currency
up to its present standard of valuation and its value in sustaining the Government's credit
abroad. He also spoke of the coal and iron regions of Alabama ; slating that there were
6,000 square miles of coal lands surrounding a mountain of almost soUd iron ore forty
miles long and resting on a basis of limestone and sandstone, and concluded by inviting
both capital and labor to " go to Alabama and grow fat."
The next and last toast was :
8. " Cities of the Valley — May they always be united in honest rivalry." — Responded
to by Professor Bruce, of Pittston.

118 The Pine and The Palm.
Mr. Bruce was warmly applauded at the close, and we believe we in no way detract
from the other speeches when we say that his was the most finished speech of the
evening. Mayor Monies followed in a brief speech, after which the entire assemblage joined in
singing " Auld Lang Syne," when the banquet ended.
The good feeling that prevailed throughout is perhaps the best evidence of the result of
the visit. Not a word was spoken that could in any way offend, or that offered occasion
for after unpleasant remark.
So much for the Free Press and its account, which is good as far as it goes, but il omits
to state that the festivities were continued until the broad day beamed through the windows
of the Wyoming, or that aU, or nearly all, of the " revellers " retired by sunUght to their
various couches.
The next morning, accompanied by Mayor Monies and twenty-five or thirty ofthe good
citizens of Scranton , we took the train down the valley of Wyoming for Wilkesbarre. The
Uttle vUlage of Wyoming is consecrated by the muses of History and Poetry. It was here
that the most horrible Indian massacre that ever happened north of the Potomac, took
place about one hundred years ago, and here also is the scene of CampbeU's touching and
beautiful legend of " Gertrude of Wyoming." But the Wyoming of to-day is situated
more than three-quarters of a mile from the scene of the massacre. A small monument,
of which we caught but a fleeting view as the train thundered by it, marks the latter spot,
while farther away, like a littie jewel hid in a casing of emeralds, the village discloses
occasional glimpses of white walls and lofty spires. On the right of the road, coming South,
may be seen a bare cliff in the enclosing mountains, which in compliment to the poet
who wove a.round the consecrated spot his web of mingled Romance and Beauty, is
called "Campbell's Ledge." The Valley of Wyoming is in all respects but one, the
counterpart of the spot described by Claude Melnotte in Bulwer's splendid drama, "The
Lady of Lyons." Itis, indeed,
" a deep vale shut out hy Alpine hills from the rude world,"
But there is no " Clear lake, margmed hy fruits of gold and whispering myrtles "
In any part of its lovely confines. The low mountains, clad to their summits in living
green, shut in a smiling landscape on which Nature seems to have exhausted her stores of
of beauty and bloom. The well-tilled fields stretch away in softened undulations which,
like the gentle throbbings of the bosom of the great deep, hide no part of the scene from
the gaze, while overthe whole valley there broods such an air of rural quietude and peace
that the mind of the beholder, catching its inspiration from the splendid panorama, "laps
itself in the general Elysium."
We left Scranton on the Lackawanna and . Bloomsburg Railroad, the freedom of
which road was extended to the Excursionists by D. T. Bound, General Superintendent,
who accompanied the party, and there met the son of Major Hotchkiss, our leader, who is
the Paymaster of the road. WILKESBARRE.
At WUkesbarre we found a well stored table Whote and a welcome as warm and as
genial as the heart of mere tourists could desire ; but owing to the fact that we had not
more than two hours time at our command the ceremonies were not so formal or so
imposing as those that had marked our entrance into other Northern cities. We had, in

The Pine and The Palm. 119
fact, barely time to transfer our baggage and demolish the feast spread for our refreshment,
before the kind hearted citizeRs were at the door of the hotel with their carriages and
buggies waiting to take us to the depot of the Lehigh Valley Road on which we were to
pursue our devious route to Mauch Chunk. I said "devious route" because of the fact
that the Lehigh Valley Road in its passage through the Allegany Mountains is perhaps
the crookedest in America. It foUows the course of the Lehigh river, nowhere leaving
its banks more than two rods, and as the river necessarily winds its way among the moun
tains, (that rise abruptly almost from the margin of its waters,) according lo the openings
that Nature has cleft for it in the rocks, the reader may easily picture to himself some of
its sinuosities. Immediately after leaving Wilkesbarre (so-called in honor of the two
celebrated Englishraen, John Wilkes and Col. Barre) the upgrade becomes very steep,
and this continues until the summit of the mountains that enclose the Wyoming Valley
is reached. Then a scene of beauty and grandeur breaks upon the beholder which defies
all description and which once beheld can never be forgotten. We are then eight hundred
feet above the valley and have a clear and perfectly unobstructed view of all its love
liness unrolled as upon a map before us. I can think of nothing better to compare it with
than some magniflcent chromo-lithograph, stretching away miles in extent and tinted as
no picture made by human hands was ever yet, or possibly ever wUl be tinted. Perhaps
a panorama would afford the most suggestive idea, because the flight of the train along the
four or five miles in which this view continues gives to it that appearance of motion
which recalls the panorama more aptiy than any other mere work of Art. Turning at
last to the right the cars begin their downward fiight through the wilderness, that crowns
the mountain tops and slopes, to the banks of the dark rolling Lehigh that foams and frets
along at their base. About nightfall, or but a few minutes before twilight, we reach the
city of Mauch Chunk and anchor for the night

MATJCH CHUNK.
Awakened in the early morning by noises of the most hideous character I sprang from
my bed and looked out from the solitary window of my lofty room upon a motley collec
tion of urchins, who with "wild halloo and thundering sounds" were engaged in cele
brating the birth-day of American Independence. They seemed to be contented, and
the manner in which they disposed of fire-crackers would have made the heart of a China
man leap for joy.
Mauch Chunk issituated on the banks of the Lehigh river and beneath the very brows of
the lofty mountains that skirt that stream throughout the greater part of its course. A man,
standing on the summit of the mountains that overlook the city, can pitch a biscuit upon
the roof of almost any building in it; and yet it has a population of more than eight thousand
souls. The mountains on the west of the Lehigh separate at this place, disclosing a deep
ravine, or glen, in which, as wel! as along the banks of the river, the city is located. It
therefore assumes the form of an L, one part of which runs along the river and the other
up the glen. At the right (exterior) angle of this L is situated the magnificent residence
of Hon Asa Packer, the first choice of the Pennsylvania Democracy in 1868, for President
of tiie United States. He is a very able man and well beloved by his fellow-citizens of
both political parries. , ,, , .,
Owmg to the peculiarity of its location, Mauch Chunk has deservedly secured the
name of being the most romantic city in Pennsylvania. The country in which it is
situated has, with equal propriety, been styled "the SwUzeriand of America. Fancy a
city nestled down in the midst of a beautiful glen, overshadowed by high mountains so

120 The Pine and The Palm.
steep that a chamois cannot scale their rugged sides, and so lofty that the summer sun
shines not into the valleys they enclose before ten o'clock in the morning or after four or
flve in the afternoon, and you have some idea of the topography of Mauch Chunk. Pjll
in this outUne with splendid buildings, elegant grounds, the hum of machinery, the
thunder of passing trains, the emerald clothing of the mountains' sides and summits, the
most invigorating of atmospheres, and the wUdest, most romantic of rivers, and the por
trait will be a fac simile of this wonderful city. About two hundred yards above the
bridge across the Lehigh, and just beyond the L before mentioned. Mount Pisgah rises
like a sentinel over stream and city, and "looks from its throne of clouds" over one of the
grandest landscapes that the imagination of man ever conceived. Half way up the moun
tain is the narrow shelf of level land on which stand the depot and other buildings of the
celebrated Switch-Back Railway. As this was one of the curiosities that had induced us
to stop at Mauch Chunk, we repaired to the depot at eight o'clock, and taking a car which
had been specially fitted up by the Company for our accommodation, were soon ascending
the mountain side, at an angle of about thirty degrees elevation, and at a rate that I sup
posed equal to about eight miles an hour. The power by which this rapid ascent is
accomplished is a stationary engine on the summit of the mountain, and the means by
which that power is applied is what is called a bumper, which moves in the rear of the
car, Uterally ^MsAJn^ it up the steep. This bumper is a small but strongly consti'ucted
frame of heavy timbers, six or seven feet long, three feet high and about three feet wide,
mounted on fianged wheels held to their places by spiral springs which surround the
axles, and continually press them outwards. At the point where the inclined railway
sinks to a level grade an excavation is made beneath the track, down into which two
interior rails, that gradually approach each other as they descend, are laid. When the
descending bumper reaches these interior rails the flanges upon ils wheels take hold upon
them ; and the gradual approximation of the raUs, compressing the spiral springs, forces
the wheels up the axle (towards its centre) until they are near enough together to permit
wheels, bumper and all to pass inside the outer track and down into the excavation
beneath it. The car we occupy is then pushed by hand directly over and beyond it, when
the signal is communicated to the engineer on the mountain and the ascent of the bumper
begins. We see the wire cable beneath our car begin to crawl slowly upward ; then,
turning to the rear, we see the bumper emerging from its "hole in the ground," its wheels
widening as they rise until as they reach the exterior track, (on which our car stands,)
they spread to the utmost Umit of their immovable axles and' adjust themselves to the
width of lhe regular track. A moment later it strikes the rear of our car with its heavy
front ; a slight jar, succeeded by a gentie forward motion, foUows, and now, that the con
tact between car and bumper is complete, the engineer plies all the steam at his command
and we scale the mountain's side with a rapidity that tries even the hardiest nerves.
Parrallel with the inclined track is a bar or succession of bars of serrate iron, over which
a solid steel arm, extending outward from the bumper, continually hovers, ready to drop
into the notches and arrest any downward descent in case of the breaking of the.cable.
Reaching the summit of Pisgah (six hundred and sixty-four feet, in the perpendicular,
from the foot of the "incline") we part company with the bumper, take a hasty survey of
the magnificent outiook and removing the brakes begin the descent toward the coal mines.
This descent ranges from forty-flve to two hundred and twenty-one feet to the mUe, and
the car, when once under headway down it, flies along at the rate of twenty five miles an
hour. At the end ofthe flrst six miles we have left Mt Pisgah and stand visams^a Mt. Jeffer
son where another ascent of 462 feet must be made by similar means to those employed
in scaling Pisgah. But the ascent here is less abmpt, and the bumper, instead of the iron

The Pine and The Palm. 121
arm, is provided with two immense iron homs, pivoted in the solid timbers in its front
and looped up behind by means of a mechanical contrivance that lowers them to the earth
so soon as the strain upon the cable that draws it upwards is removed In case this cable
breaks, therefore, the points of the horns immediately fall and the weight of the car drives
them into the earth — stopping the train before it has had time to acquire the slightest
momentum. From the summit of Mt Jefferson we "turn loose'' and run down another
grade of forty-five feet to the mUe to Summit HUl where we halt and are "treated" by the
•chief pilot of our expedition, whose name I regret not having learned. Summit HUl is a
little mining village on the top of the mountain, and here, as at Mauch Chunk, the citizens
were out in their holiday attire, celebrating the Fourth of July. A regiment of Sunday
•School children passed in review before us during our brief stay. Just beyond the road
•from the vUlage we saw the opening of a coal mine which has been burning during the
last twenty years, with no prospect yet visible of its early extinction. Here it was as we
moved off that our Quaker convert made the attempt heretofore referred to, to rid himself
ofhis narrow-brim hat by waving it at a bevy of young ladies and allowing it to fall.
From Summit Hill to No. 2 Panther Creek Plane the route is very circuitous, stretching
along for two or three miles beneath the shadow of one continuous heap of trash or pea
•coal forty feet high and sixty feet broad at its base. Some faint idea of the business done
by the mines, that are just here visible in almost every direction, may be had from this
signiflcant circumstance. The bumper that pushes us up No. 2 Panther Creek Plane is
not ofthe same class as those that officiated at Pisgah and Jefferson. It is not arranged
to sink beneath the track. It is run back on a parallel track and the car that carries our
party is switched on in front of it. As the motive power of that car is simply gravitation,
the reader may have some curiosity to know the manner in which the " switch-back " is
accomplished. The track on whch we approach the foot of the ascent is graded down
wards as far as the switch and upwards for a few rods beyond it The momentum acquired
in running down the down-grade carries us to the top of the up-grade beyond. At that
point the brakes are applied and the car is stopped. The switch (now behind us) is then
adjusted, and the brakes being removed the car glides back down the grade and shifts to
the other track. The signal is then given and we are drawn to Uie mountain top as before.
Prom this point we run to No. 1 Panther Creek Plane, which we flnd to be the longest
•of the ascents on the route, but by no means so steep as the others. By this time, however,
our nervousness on the subject of climbing mountains by steam has entirely subsided, and
we glide up the steep with a feeling of exultation and pride in the mastery of mind over
matter which no one, who has not felt it can ever learn from a mere description. This is
the last of the ascents on the switch-back railway; for we are now 16 miles, by the route
traveled from the foot of Pisgah and more than half way round the circuit which, the
switch-back pursues. From this point back to Mauch Chunk the grade is 96 feet to the
mile, and as there are no obstructions in the way we make the trip (9 mUes) in about 20
minutes, flnding ourselves, at the termination of our ride behind the Gravitation horse, on
the identical spot where one hour and ten minutes before we had taken the car ! Thence
returning to the city, we take leave of our kind friends. Dr. Gunster, of Scranton, Mr. Dony,
of Mauch Chunk, and others, and move off at 10.30 for the " City of Brotheriy Love."
FHILADELFHIA.
Arriving in Philadelphia we found a long array of fine carriages waiting to convey us
to our quarters at the Continental, and a large deputation of the members ofthe Press ready
to extend the hand of welcome and the heart of cordial and fraternal greeting. Mr-
McKean, of the Public Ledger, acted as master of ceremonies (which were both few and

122 The Pine and The Palm.
simple) and Messrs. Biddle and Anderson, ofthe Age, and several gentlemen from the Pre»s,.
as his accomplished aides. Philadelphia is too weU known to the country at large to^
require a description at my hands, even though my opportunities for "spying it out" had
been sufficient to justify me in attempting that task. I shall, therefore, hurry through it
and take my adieu of the public as an Excursionist
The dinner spread at the Continental by direction of Mr. Childs did equal credit to the
liberality of that gentieman and the cuisine of the house. The table was provided as
though a brigade of hungry connoisseurs had been expected, and the wines that washed
it down were ofthe finest French vintage. It is unnecessary to say that we did both meat
and drink ample justice or that mirth and good humor were omni-prevalent After dinner
the carriages were again ordered for a drive through Fairmount by far the largest if not
the finest Park in America. The various and manifold beauties of its lovely scenery were
pointed out to us by our attentive and polite chaperones who directed the drivers to such
spots as afforded the most charming views. After surveying about half the Park a halt
was called at a small public house in the centre of the grounds where refreshments, with
straws in them, were again served and where we loitered amid the refreshing shades until
the declining sun warned us that it was time to return to the city. It was dark as we
returned and the fireworks and pyrotechnics with which the people were testifying their
devotion to the birthday of American liberty filled the air with a thousand brilliant and
beautiful shapes of fiame. An hour later one of the fiercest storms that ever visited Phila
delphia was raging over the city, carrying destruction and in some instances death before
it. But heedless of the storm we paid our devotions to the banquet, which, like the dinner,
had also been provided at the cost of the proprietor of the Public Ledger. At eleven
o'clock we took leave of our warm hearted friends, and seating ourselves in a new car
that had been provided for our exclusive use by the polite offlcers of the Philadelphia,
WUmington and Baltimore RaUroad sped southward to
THE MONUMENTAL CITY.
At that place our party disbanded with many expressions of mutual esteem and friend
ship, but above all with hearts full of thankfulness to the gallant old Major Hotchkiss,
Traveling Agent of the Chesapeake and Ohio and Richmond and York River Railroads,j
for the pleasure they had received through the instrumentality of his untiring labor and
potent personal influence. Long may he wave!
And now, we have said but the one-hundredth part of what we should have said, but
we must close with paying a tribute that is due to Mr. W. H. H. Lynn, of the Staunton
Vindicator, for the able manner in which he at all times presided over our body ; and
with congratulating the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad and the Richmond and York
River Railroad Companies, on having in their service a man who, with all his abUity
and energy, never loses sight of the interest of his employers.

COMMENTS OF THE PRESS.
From the Richmond Enquirer, Saturday, July 13, 1872 :
A JUST ESTIMATE OF THE NORTHERN PEOPLE.
We like to see a man who can discard the narrow ideas of his pro-vincial training and
lay aside his native prejudices so far as to do justice, when he travels abroad in tbe world,
to those he may meet with. This is a worid in which good and bad are preUy well dis
tributed everywhere, and in every nation or country we find them. It is natural for each
to think his own people the best, and perhaps it is patriotic that he should ; and so long as
he remains, like Rasselas, shut up in the Happy Valley of his blissful ignorance, and only
knows the world through the terrible accounts he receives of U from occasional travelers,
he is not to be blamed if he beUeves all beyond the boundaries of his visual line outside
barbarians ; but once he ventures forth and sees for himself how kind and beneficent
Providence has been to all, and how equally He has distributed his blessings, if his intellect
be not wholly under the control of his prejudices, he must rise to a higher and more
generous estimate of the diffused worth of humanity. Among the Editorial visitors to
Pennsylvania and New York, who recently accompanied Colonel Hotchkiss, none seems
to have profited more by the trip than Mr. James D. Morrison, the able Editor of the Rock
bridge Citizen, and he has brought much of his knowledge home with him. In refer
ring to the character of the people they visited, Mr. Morrison says:
¦ "We had been taught to look upon these people as cold, selfish, and miserly— as forgetting
the comforts and the amenities of life in their race after wealth. It is not so. We have
never seen or imagined a country wilh such an air of competence and comfort everywhere,
and in all of its appointments.
"It is a false notion that the fast people of the North do not enjoy life. They live more
in one day than we do in a year. If they do hoard wealth they put it into a shape in
Which they and their famiUes may derive from it the largest amount of happiness and the
greatest degree of rational pleasure. Their houses and grounds are constructed and kept
with neatness and taste, and supplied with every convenience and appliance both for use
and to please the eye. We heard of their superior civiUzation, and in a material point of
view, at least, it is superior. Their religion is, that the bounties of Providence bestowed
upon them, and which they have taken hold of and by their industry and energy have
, developed and put into shape, are for their use aud enjoyment, and they do use them to
the fullest extent, and we are a half convert to their creed. We believe it is as sinful for
us to leave buried and undeveloped all the treasures which are scattered around us on
every side as it was to wrap the talent in a napkin and bury it in the earth. The differ
ence Is, we have received the flve talents, they received the two and the one, and they
have made them yield a thousand fold, whilst we have not had energy enough to dig a
place to hide ours, and they lie around in the broad glare of open day, a li-ving witness of
our want of industry to make them breed with a profusion which would surprise the
world and make our own beautiful section teem with wealth and the comforts which a
proper use of it brings. The field is before us, the way is open. Everything and more

124 The Pine and The Palm.
than these Northern people had is to our hands, and it will be to our shame and disgrace
if we do not arouse ourselves and put them to the uses which the God of Providence
designed them for."
The following is taken from the Richmond "Whig :
THE NORTH AND SOUTH.
We copy in this issue from the Philadelphia Ledger a pertinent and well considered
article relative to the recent excursion of Southern Editors to New York and adjacent
States. There can be no doubt of the fact, inculcated by the Ledger, that the mingling of
the people of the North and South in the manner indicated, would do more to dispel
prejudices and strengthen the bond of brotherhood than any other method that could
be devised, and chiefiy from that conviction we have always favored and encouraged
excursions from the South to the North or vice versa. Major Hotchkiss deserves much
credit for originating and carrying out the Editorial Excursions of 1871 and 1872, and in
granting to him full authority to make all the necessary arrangements, the authorites of
the two railroad corapanies represented by Major Hotchkiss have exemplified their liber
ality in the most commendable manner. In a New York (State) paper received yesterday
we find the following, among other resolutions, adopted by the New York Editorial
Association :
Resolved, That it has given us a brotherly pleasure to meet our Editorial friends from
the Southern States and exchange friendly greetings and social intercourse with them. As
an association we have been glad to know them, to take them by the hand as citizens of
a common country and members of the same fratemity, to listen to their patriotic speeches
and to welcome them to the hospitality of the Empire State. For this high privilege we
are indebted to the Union-loving and honest Major N. H. Hotchkiss, and the liberality of
the Chesapeake and Ohio and Richmond and York River Railroads.
From the Philadelphia Ledger :
THE SOUTHERN EDITORS.
A few days ago a large party of " Southern Editors '' passed through this city, after an
extensive tour through Pennsylvania and adjoining States. During their brief visit to this
city, the frequency of their aUusions to what they had seen in our State or elsewhere in
the North, indicating the great resources and power of this portion of their country, and of
their allusions to the generous hospitality of their reception in all the places they visited,
gave a new evidence of the great advantages resulting from travel and personal observa
tion by intelligent men. We have no doubt that these gentlemen, educated and cultivated
as they are, have gone home wilh opinions and sentiments of a character widely different
from and far more just and accurate than those with which they left home a month ago.
They have a higher conception of what is meant by the " United States," so far as the
northern portion of their country is concerned ; they have a better knowledge ofthe nature
of that industry, enterprise, education, training and thrift which have developed the com
munities in these northern latitudes into rich and powerful Commonwealths ; they have
better understanding of the future possibUities of their own States, with their vast unde
veloped resources, when they shall have applied to them the same processes and energies
they saw in active operation in Pennsylvania and New York, and, in addition, they have
found that the sharp experiences of the recent war have left no feeling of sectional hostility
among the large numbers of people with whom they were brought into close social contact
We infer this not only from what they said, but from the manner which characterized the
saying of it, and the natural ways in which their remarks cropped out in the course of

The Pine and The Palm. 125
general conversation. We have no doubt that they go back to their duties as journalists
with views and opinions so far tempered and modified— if not broadened— by what has
corae under their observation, that their respective papers will have far higher capacities
for usefulness to their own people. They can speak of many important matters with force
—the convincing cogency— that comes from absolute knowledge. They can give wide
currency to facts which it is of the utmost interest to their people and to the whole country
shall be broadly known They can correct many erroneous impressions from their own
knowledge and experience. And their experience, and the telUng of it, -will prompt others
to travel in the Norih, as we trust their exaraple will stimulate our own people to travel in
the South during the season when the South offers to travelers a genial cUmate.
These are good and valuable influences, and are the very highest advantages that result
from travel. There is nothing like seeing wilh one's own eyes the things he has read or
heard of. He then flnds how faulty and incomplete the best written or oral description
can be; he flnds, also, in close observation of these things, how many other things there
are concerning which he has neither read nor heard anything whatever, notwithstand
ing the vast amount of printing, and talking, and writing we have going on in our day.
He flnds useful things and methods, unknown to him at home, well understood and
practised in communities and among peoples whom he has perhaps ranked as inferior to
his own. And similarly, there is nothing like personal contact of different peoples with
each other for correcting hasty, unwarranted, or unjust impressions, produced by what
has been heard or read, or conjured up in some way, at a distance from the person or
people concerned. Personal intercourse dispels the glaraour where the distant picture has
been too favorable; removes the false impression where it has been incorrect or unjust;
and almost invariably shows the intelligent observing traveler something — and quite fre
quently many things — to admire among people fbr whom he previously entertained no
feeling but that of indifference or repulsion. Our Northern people are great travelers.
Many, however, of the most active amongst Ihem have not made the tour of the principal
geographical divisions of their own country. Yet without this they can have no com
petent understanding of the boundless capacities of the United States. The man who
stands upon the railway tracks at Market street bridge, and considers that the iron raUs
beneath his feet stretch away in an unbroken line nearly thirty-three hundred mUes to the
waters of the Paciflc, and nearly as many more to the frontiers of Texas, has in his mind
tlie germ of a great idea, but he does not, and cannot understand what that part of his
country between him and the Paciflc, or the Gulf of Mexico, really is, unless he goes and
looks at it and examines it with observing eyes. Then he will understand that his coun
try is not only a great empire, possessing all the elements of unparalleled greatness and
power wiihin itself, but have that understanding deepened into the conviction that it is a
world within itself.
From the Memphis (Tenn.) Appeal :
In conclusion, it is proper that we should give some expression to the debt we owe
Major N. H. Hotchkiss, General Traveling Agent of the Richmond and York River and
Chesapeake and Ohio Railroads, the originator and organizer of the excursion, and to
whose genius and love of country, to whose eager desire to restore harmony between the
North and the South, we owe this re-union between brethren, attended, as it was, through
all its varied phases of feasting, toasting and speaking, by the kindliest spirit He mapped
It ont, he labored and worked, and he perfected it in all its details, leaving nothmg to be
desired. An old man, native to New York, but a Southerner by adoption, the Major,
after fighting his old friends and schoolmates as a Confederate soldier, conceived the plan
of bringing the North and South together through the Press of either section, and so so-wing
the seeds of peace and good will. He is weU repaid in the results so far, but -wiU be better

126 The Pine and The Palm.
by-and-by, when, as we say in election time, the full returns come in. May he live to Bee
his country all he would have it, and to organize and conduct an Editorial Excursion all
round it, and may we be one of the party. To our brethren of the South who were oftiie
party, we make acknowledgments for many kindnesses and courtesies, and are glad to be
able to put on record theu love of the South, and to speak of the dignity with which they
sustained themselves in presence of our Northern countrymen.
From the Geneva Oazette ;
Honor to whora honor is due. While to the genial and public spirited Major N. H.
Hotchkiss, our people. North and South, are indebted for the inception of the noble
undertaking of bringing, through the interchange of Editorial visits between both sec
tions of our country, the North and the South into closer coraraunion, and for devising
the excellent arrangeraents for carrying it into effect, it is due to the companies, of which
he is the Traveling Agent, to say that to their muniflcent liberality and intelligent appre
ciation of the object, the public and the Press are indebted for the material facilities
required for its accomplishment. These Companies are the Richmond and York River
and Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Lines, whose office is at No. 90 Light street, Baltimore.
The Fountain Hotel is the headquarters of the gallant Major, whom we shall ever be proud
to rank among our most valued friends. '
From the Lynchburg (Va.) Republican ;
And now, in closing, permit me to say a word in praise of Major N. H. Hotchkiss, the
leader of our party, who devised and carried out the grand scheme of the Northem Excur
sion, under the auspices of the Chesapeake and Ohio and Richmond and York River Rail
road Companies, and for which I'mes of RaUroad the Major is the General Traveling Agent'
The completeness of the arrangements made, and the manner in which they were carried
out, gave evidence that no uncomraon labor had been bestowed in the perfection of the
grand scheme ; and this, together with the prime motive of the Major — that of bringing
the people of the two sections of the Union together, in order to a restoration of the era of
good feeling — entitle the old veteran not only to the sincere thanks of the individual mem
bers of his excursion party, but to the entire people of the two great sections of the
Union. Long may he survive to lead annually such excursions as he has inaugurated.
From the Elmira Oazette :
It is nearly a year since we saw him, — quite a dozen months have swung round tho
circle of life's hopes and happiness, since his gladsome greeting was heard and hear^
hand-grip felt. Though absent he was not forgotten. We had traced him by the kindly
newspaper bulletins which announced his goings hither and thither, now chaperoning the
Maryland Editors over the land, now escorting an agricultural Editorial party through the
' Old Dominion. Whenever we heard of him he was following out the impulses of his noble
nature and doing some good to soraebody or set of bodies. Though he should Uve a
" thousand years, my own Columbia," (and why should not such men) he could be doing
the very same thing, making some one glad and happy. Of course we refer to Major N.
H. Hotchkiss (for who else fllls such a bill) — the man of whom more pleasant and com
plimentary paragraphs have been written than any other person living or dead. We have
styled him the Great Paciflcator, for his great excursion of Northem Editors South, and the
reciprocal -visit North, did more than anything else, since the war, to estabUsh a friendly
feeling between the people of the two sections — made them acquainted with one another^
and knowledge begot respect and consideration, while it removed false impressions. Major
Hotchkiss' visit to New York (meeting hosts of friends here and in other cities) is a fihi
one, he coming to visit his aged mother. At the same time he has an eye to business an(
omits no opportunity to show up the beauties of the great tmnk railroad he represents—:

The Pine and The Palm. 127
the Chesapeake and Ohio RaUroad and connections, passing through an historic region to
the Ohio river, unsurpassed in scenery in the world. He is also stiU the Traveling Agent of
the Richmond, York River and Chesapeake RaUroad and Steamer Line.
From the Richmond Enquirer :
Major N. H. Hotchkiss, the energetic and amiable Agent of the Chesapeake and Ohio
•and York River Railroad Companies, to whom the entire Press of the country, ff not the
•country itself, has been so deeply indebted, has been the recipient of a very handsome
present from the Balcony Rocking-chair Manufacturing Company of Cooper's Plains,
New York, who have sent him an elegant rocker— one of the best in theu estabUshment—
accompanied by a letter, from which we make the following extract :
"Major Hotchkiss— Youi course of 'reconstruction' cannot be too highly praised, and
wiU tend more towards healing the breach between the North and the South than any
¦other. This has brought you more directiy to my notice, and I have the highest respect
for you, and as a very smaU proof of this allow me to present you with one of my best
.¦easy-rockers. A. E. Coopeb."
We trust the Major may long Uve to enjoy his rocker and the good opinion of his many
friends everywhere in the land.
From the Richmond Dispatch:
The Deposit Courier, of Deposit, New York, gives the following notice of the arrival of
a gentieman "pretty well known in these parts," and on the York River Line. It is so
original that, apart from any personal considerations, we give it a place. Mr. H.'s friends
may not altogether recognize the picture, but he can stand a good deal of painting.
'' "On Monday we were surprised as well as gratifled to receive a brief visit from N. H.
Hotchkiss, Esq. His presence, though fleeting, left sunshine and gladness, for his sym
pathy, always open and frank, assumed a substantial shape not easily forgotten, and more
;particularly acceptable as the circumstances rendered it most providential. But riches,
and gems, and wordly honors are worthless if we throw aside the kindly, heartfelt friend
ships that make this world a paradise below : and of all men who believe in the honest
grasp of the hand and the speaking, truthful light that beams from the eye, N. H. Hotch
kiss is the chief."
This notice has very much increased the "pressure" of Mr. Hotchkiss' hand. We can
hardly write for one he gave us, and he has broken the hands of two or three friends by
the irresistible severity of his "grip."'
From the Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser and Mail :
On Friday, the 10th day of May, 1872, we met for the first time Major N. H. Hotchkiss,
the TraveUng Agent of the Chesapeake and Ohio and Richmond and York River RaUroads,
Who was then engaged in forwarding the interests of the roads he so ably represerited, as
falso in arranging the details of a grand excursion by the Editors of the South to the States
•pf New York and Pennsylvania. He said that his purpose was to bring together the rep-
aesentatives of public sentiment North and South, that they might be enabled to know and
like each other better ; and although we gave him credit for the very best of motives, we
tiiought his endeavors would be fruitless. In the light of experience we are prepared to
-Bay, at this time, that his efforts were not fraitless. On the contrary they did great good;
and a series of such re-unions as those which took place with the craft in the North at every
halting place on the route of our grand excursion last year would restore perfect cordiality
pf feeling between dissevered sections sooner than any thing that mere politicians could
•either execute or devise.

128 The Pine and The Palm.
But the Major's mind turns upon business as naturaUy as a vane upon its pivot. Hie-
hobby is the Chesapeake and Ohio and the Richmond and York River Railroads. They
are the suns of his system around which he makes all other material things revolve. He
does many good works — as raany as any other man on the continent — but the hardest work
is that which he does in the interests of his roads. The Richmond and York River is the
favorite route of those who travel the Chesapeake bay. It is known through every footofits
length to almost every old soldier of the army of Northern Virginia. It is officered by good
and true raen and represented here to-day by the railroad agent par exceUence of America.
It is a grand road, and no man who travels for pleasure or profit should neglect an
opportunity to take at least one trip over it
"This same Major Hotchkiss, who is best known as the " Editors' Friend," "the ubiquitous
Locomotive in pants," "Old Nitro-Glycerine," "Dynamite," and olher pet phrases will leave
the city this morning for Columbus, to the craft of which city we do most cheerfully and
cordially commend him. We had the pleasure of following his lead in that Editorial
Excursion last year, during which we had an opportunity of learning all about hira, and
the more we learned the better we liked him. We wish him the most abundant sua ess in
everything he undertakes because we know that he will undertake nothing which in its
fullest development will not redound to the good ofhis country and ofhis fellow-men.
From the Roanoke News :
Welcome, Thbicb Welcome ! — Our surprise was' only equalled by our gratification
at beholding in our office, on yesterday, the ever welcome, and genial face of our old
friend. Major N. H. Hotchkiss, the Traveling Agent of the Chesapeake and Ohio RaU
road and Richmond and York River Railroad, alias the "Editor's Friend," "The ubiqui»
tous Locomotive in pants," "Old Nitro Glycerine,'' "Dynamite," &c., &c. Many have
been the pleasant recollections of our participation in the "Southem Editorial Excursion,"
under his leadership, through the Northern States last summer, and his familiar words,
"It is well !" were like the joyful echo of pleasant sounds — his merry greeting that of a
long tried friend, while his beaming countenance brought back, in vivid distinctness,
delightful memories of by-gone days.
Always with an "eye to business" the Major, not forgetful of the land of his birth — the
Norlh — nor yet the land of his adoption — the South — has been engaged for several years,
in the noble principle — the great undertaking — we might say, the divine calling, of bring
ing the people of the North and South together that they — "Knowing each olher better
might leam lo love each other more." Obeying his pleasing injunction — "Follow your
conductor and fear no danger," it was our good fortune lo form one of his party oi Excur
sionists, through the North last summer, and never can we forget with what care and
forethought he led us safely and triumphantly through, and with what genuine satisfac
tion he shared and mingled in our joys and rejoiced at our pleasures.
No man in the United States has donermore to bridge the " bloody chasm " and bring
into closer and more intimate and friendly relations the people of the North and South*
By his gentlemanly bearing, winning, affable ways, and noble self-sacrificirg devotion to
principle he wins hosts of personal friends everywhere he goes as well as warm supporters
and friends of the railroads which he represents. May his pathway, through lile, be
smooth, and may his joys be as numerous as his many virtues. His headquarters are at
the Fountain Hotel, Baltimore.
"We could continue these quotations ad infiniium but our space is limited.
Suf&ce it to say that the Press, North and South, East and West, bore ample
testimony to the complete success of Major Hotchkiss' undertaking andthe
the great good accomplished by the two Editorial Excursions. — Ed.

The Pine and The Palm. 139

In concluding what has been to me truly a "labor of love," I have expla.
nations to make and thanks to return — explanations by no means disagreeable
and thanks whose expression requires more than the meagre vocabulary I

When first I conceived the idea of bringing my Northern and Southern
brothers together, I was in the employ of the Chesapeake and Ohio and the
Eichmond and York Eiver Eailroad Companies, where I still hold the posi
tion of Traveling Agent.
The ofBcers of those Eoads, when apprized of my design, immediately
extended every facility for its furtherance. Months, and I may say with
perfect truth, years were consumed in preparations for the two Excursions.
During much of that time I was necessarily absent from the post assigned
me by those Corporations. No word of comment ever reached me — ^no sign
of disapproval was ever given. If not as enthusiastically, they were as prac
tically enlisted in the realization of the scheme as myself, and through their
good ofSces I was enabled successfully to bring to pass what many of
my friends of the public Press have pronounced "the crowning effort at
reconciliation." ?
To the Eailroad Companies, Steamboat Ijines, Hotel Proprietors, and the
Western TJnion Telegraph Company, I desire particularly to pay my respects.
The work I undertook was exceedingly arduous. To pilot fifty or sixty
gentlemen over a distance of perhaps fifteen hundred miles in the Excursion
of 1871 and three thousand miles in 1872, to arrange connections, supply
accommodations and provide for their amusement is no light task, and should
never be attempted save by those who feel within themselves the qualities to
insure success. Even then the natural anxiety which such a responsibility
begets, is harrassing in the highest degree, and a barrier to all real enjoyment
imless the pilot is most cordially seconded by those whose business it is to
supply the wants and cater to the oftentimes fastidious fancies of the travel
ling public. That I was enabled to accomplish my undertaking in a manner
pleasing to those under my guidance and satisfactory to myself is due in great
measure to such Corporations as the Chesapeake and Ohio Eailroad, the
Eichmond and York Eiver Eailroad, Northern Central Eailway, Pennsyl
vania Central Eailroad, New York Central Eailroad, Watertown and Ogdens
burg Eailroad, Black Eiver Eailroad, Albany and Boston Eailroad, Albany
and Susquehanna Eailroad, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Eailroad,
Lackawanna and Bloomsburg Eailroad, Lehigh Valley Eailroad, and Philadel
phia, Wilmington and Baltimore Eailroad; the only road on thejoute exact
ing fare being the New York and Brie Eailroad, from Elmira to Buffalo,
which charged me for the Excursion party one hundred and forty-seven
9

130 The Pine and The Palm.
dollars and fifty cents.* Many other Eoads extended hospitalities which we
were unable to accept. I desire to return thanks also to the York Eiv&r'
Steamboat Line, to the Canandaigua Steamer, the Seneca Lake Steamboat
Company, the Keuka Lake Steamboat Company, and the St. Lawrence
Steamboat Company.
The St. Clair Hotel of Baltimore, and the International Hotel of Niagara,
threw open their doors to our party, free of charge. The Eathbun House, -of
Elmira; Buffalo Club ; the Osborne House, Eochester ; the Webster House and
Canandaigua House, Canandaigua ; the Arlington House, Fall Brook House
and Mountain House, Watkins Clen, of which J. J. Lytle is Proprietor ; the
Franklin House, Geneva; Globe Hotel, Sv racuse; Sinks' Opera House,
Eome ; Woodruff House, Watertown ; (Mr. Winslow, on Pullman's Island,
gave the party a splendid banquet;) the Hubbard and Wilton Hotels, Cape
Vincent; Delavan House, Albany; Cafferty House, Binghamton; Wyoming
House, Scranton, and F. A. Doney, Maueh Chunk, in conjunction with the
Editorial Fraternity and the Citizens along the line of the Excursion hand
somely entertained the party.
Mr. George W. Oljilds, of the PulUc Ledger, of Philadelphia, extended the
hospitalities of that city to the Excursion Party.
And now to the friends who so generously assisted me whilst preparing the
details of the excursion— -vf hat shall I say ? "Out of the abuiidance of the
heart the mouth speaketh," but somelimes the heart is too full for utterance.
The words of cheer, the kind greetings and good deeds rush through the
mind in such crowding phalanxes that to place them in order and lead theiri
forth would savor more of art than soul. In such an array, too, many of the
dearest might be lost to view. How often in the solitude of my chamber do
I. call to mind the noble exertions of those gentlemen, their untiring energy,
their 'urbanity and unselfishness, their cheerfulness under dif&oulties that
would have appalled stout hearts, their final triumpli and the entii-e self-
abnegation with which they transferred the laurels from their own brows to
mine !
Hospitality is a beautiful gem, but like all costly jewels it must be gar
nished before its purest radiance can be seen. These gentlemen wer6 the
goldsmiths througb whose hands thie diamond passed to receive its polish and
setting. Through their efforts "the lamp was rubbed and the doors flew open."
Aladdin's experiences were as nothing compared with our own. Our party
was hurried from the inspection of the mechamcal wonders produced bythe
ingenuity and energy of man to the contemplation of the beauty and
sublimity which Nature had so lavishly placed at their disposal.
Machine shops and parks, mines and glens, artificial cascades and towering
natural Fall's passed in such rapid review as to appear the work of some gigan
tic kaleidescepe unceasingly in motion for the benefit of the sight-seeers,
* See Parkers' Eesolution, page 85. -

The Pine and The Palm. 131
while the formal courtesy of the banquet hall alternated so often -with the
gentle influence of the home circle and the silvery tones of the softer sex that
we were seldom able to analyze the delightful but conflicting emotions which
po'sessed us during the entire excursion.
^Though it may seem invidious to particularise, where so many contributed
¦fco the success of my undertaking, I cannot refrain from acknowledging my
iSibligations to Jno. Van Home, General Superintendent of the Western Union
"Telegraph Company ; Bd. S. Young, Esq., General Passenger Agent of the
Northern Central Eailway ; A. H. Hall, President of the New York State
Editorial Association ; S. H. Parker, Vice President, and A. 0. Bunnell, Sec
retary and Treasurer, and the entire Press of the Country.
In behalf of myself and my companions, I now return thanks for the hos
pitalities extended us, and with the hope that my feeble efforts have bome
fruit and in some measure bridged over the "bloody chasm" of sectional
hatred and prejudice, I bid adieit to the public.
Nelson H. Hotchkiss.

133

ADVERTISEMENTS.

THROUGH AIR ImINE
PASSENGER & FREIGHT ROUTE

iMil )MM[ W'j

TO THE

VIA

Richmond, York River and Chesapeake Railroad Line,

THE BTEAMEES OF THIS LINE LEAVE

Pier No. 10 Light Street ^^Tharf,

f

CONNEOTINQ "WITH THB

Michmond and Danville, Chesapeake and Ohio,
North Carolina, Charlotta, Columbia and Augusta,
Greenville and Columbia,
Richmond and Atlanta Air Idne
RA^ILRO^DS,
For Danville, Greensboro, Salisbury, Charlotte, N. C; Columbia,
Greenville, Spartansburg, S.C; Augusta and Atlanta, Ga.;
Staunton, Charlottesville, White Sulphur Springs,
Charleston and Huntington, W. Va.
ANO ALL IHTEilMEilATE POIUTS.
FOR Alili INFORBIATIOHr APPI,-r TO
R. FOSTER, Gen'l Supt.
N. H. HOTCHKISS, Traveling Agent.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

133

Nos, 91^ 93^ 95 & 97
CAMDEN STREET,
Near the Baltimore and Ohio Depot,

This Hotel has been renovated and refitted with all the modern Improve
ments; GAS AND WATEE ON EVEEY FLOOE. The
Bedrooms are Large, Cool and Airy.
Special attention given to the wants and comforts of our Guests.
National Fire Escapes and Babcock's Fire Extinguisher on the premises.
The Hotel is convenient to all Southern and Western Eailroads, Steamboat
Landings, &c. Cars running every five minutes to all parts of the City, saving
hack hire.
This House is proverbial for its Order, Cleanliness and Good Fare.
TEEMS, $3.00 per day; Chambers on Parlor Floor, $'J.50 per day.
Telegraph Office in the house.
AU the Appointments are First- Class.
R. SHARE, Proprietor.
N. H. HOTCHKISS,
IPraVm Agent Ches. <fe Ohio and Rich. & Tork River R. R. Co,
Oppicb — 144 Light Street, Baltimobe.
Headquarters — Pountain Hotel, "

134 ADVERTISEMENTS.
William Devries. Christian Devries, of S. -William B, Bevries Solomon Kimmell.

Wm. Devries & Co. Wholesale Dealers in Foreign & Domestic Dry Goods & Notions,
312 'W. BALTIMORE ST., (between Howard and Liberty,) BALTIMORE

taas

DEVRIES, YOUNG & CO.

02h- (

"Wholesale Dealers in

No. 310 West Baltimore Street,

Between Howard and Liberty Sts.,

B^LTI]?id[OIlE, Mia.

WILLIAM DEVRIES.

ALEX. YOUNG-

S. K. G-. DEVRIES.

136

ADVERTISEMENTS.

BEOWI, LANCASTER & CO.

^ Altt »^M^

AND

'«

No. 6 Rialto Building,

BALTIMORE, MD.

AD VE RTISEMENTS.

137

THE BEST IN THE WORLD!
The Regulator & Champion Fire-PIace Heaters
ARE PRONOUNCED SO BY ALL WHO USE THEM.
These Heaters are constructed upon entirely new and scien
tiflc principles. They are powerful Heaters, and Ventilators.
^'."f J"''o^"P*' of 'ntroducmg the draft at the top or feed door
flf the Stoves obviates numerous defects common to all other
F«e-Place Heaters. It preveuts escape of noxious gases to
mingle with the air of tlie apartments, and it ventilates the
.apartments by using '"-  ¦ - -
tion in the.Stove.

cool, thus preventing i , __^  ^. .„ „ „„„ ^.a^v ua=
Badiator, supplied with'a regulatingTamper'by which the'fire
can be controlled to a nicety never before obtained in Stoves.
A SAVING OF ONE-THIRD THE FUEL
Ib accomplished by this contrivance. -We invite all persons to
tall and see our Stoves before purchasing elsewhere.
The Heaters will Warm the Rooms above thoroughly,
and also the Eooms in which they are placed.
Wo have them heating Parlors 15x30 feet, and three large
Rooms above, eft'ectually.
JAMES ARMSTRONa, "^
Manufacturer and Dealer in Stoves, Ranges, Hollow Ware, &o.
FouNDBY— PORT DEPOSIT, MD. 60 Light Street, Baltimore.
CARRIAGE REPQSITORI3BS,
The largest stock of Extension Top and Pony Park PHAETONS ; Single and Jump
Seat JAGGERS; BREETS; Close Panel CARRIAGES; ROCKAWAYS; TOP and
NO-TOP BUGGIES; SULKEYS; Trotting, Jersey, Market, Beach and Express
WAGONS, Twenty-Five per cent, less than New Tork Prices.
SECOND-HAND CARRIAGES taken in Exchange, and al-ways sold cheap.
NEW and SECOND-HAND SINGLE and DOUBLE HARNESS at all prices.
GRAND CENTRAL REPOSITORY, 94 W. Fayette Street,
GREAT WESTERN REPOSITORY, 120 N. Howard Street.
WASHINGTON REPOSITORY, 319 12th St., Washington, D. C.
JP. 2>. SCHMIDT & CO., Proprietors.

STIEFF'S PIANOS
tJPWABDS or
FIFTY Fikst
FBEMIUMS,
«OLD & SILVER
mehals
awarded to
CESTIEFP for the best
PIANO.
Thesuperlorityof Stieff's Piauos is conceded by all.
Prices will be round reasonable; good workmanship.
Alarge assortment of secoud -hand Pianos, $75 to 300.
Agents for Burdett Church Organs,— all styles.
Offlce and -Warerooms, 9 N. Liberty St., Baltimore.

E. WHITMAN &SONS,
Manvfacturers, -fV/wlescUe and Setail Dealers te
MYEBT BESCBIPTION OF
Agricultural Implements,
FE RTILIZERS,
Garden and Field Seeds,
Nos. 145 & 147 W. Pratt St.
Opposite the Maltbt House,
BALTIMORE.

138

ADVERTISEMENTS.
EST-A-BXiISHEID 1825.

THOS. J. FLACK & SONS,
AVINES AND LIQUORS
52 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE. ^ '

FLACK BROTHERS
Distillers of Rye and Bourbon Whiskies, Rum, isin and Brandy
DXBT..EI.., BO^nEn B. C.I.TOK ... .IBST Stbeets ... ..... ..„ s,,,„ ^^^^^^

ADVERTISEMENTS.

139

J. B. EILEHS & CO.
Engraving and Steam Printing

87 Second Street, Baltimore.

>¦ » ^ ».

The attention of Merchants and Manufacturers is respectfully called
to our unequalled facilities for executing orders for

DMSimti

WiwWs^iM'wws^m. m

AND SUPERIOR

1®®! mmi. f ®fe Pilatia

Having our own skilled

CORPS or ARTISTS AND ENGRAVERS

On the premises, we are enabled to compete with any establish
ment of the kind in other cities.
Designs, Samples and Estiniates
Cheerfully famished on application.

J. D. EHLERS, & OO. Baltimore.

140 ADVERTISEMENTS.
Allen M. Lyon. Alex. B. Wells. J- K. Ohildbby.
A. M. LYON & CO.
TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS,
SOthi STEEET,
Between Main and Franklin Sts.,
RICHMOND, Va.

PEACH BLOSSOM, JULIA CAEROLL, SPORTSMAN'S OOMPOBTj
MAGNOLIA, WASHOE, PIG TAIL TWIST,
FIRST LOVE, PRANGIPANNI, SULTANA,
FARMER'S JOY, SHORT HORN, SHEET ANCHOR,
AND PLL TRY THIS ALONE,
SIKEOKING TOBACCOS.

The Democratic Leader, of Binghamton, New York, speaking of Majob Hotchkiss ai
his unvaried cheerfulness, says: "This is occasioned probably from his using LY0N1
SULTANA SMOKING TOBACCO, manufactured only at Richmond, Va., and whicff
is the best in the world, and makes every one happy and jolly that uses it." This is the
Tobacco which the Major smokes in the pipe which he holds in the Frontispiece.
JOHN K. CHILDREY,
TOBACCO MANUFACTURER,
Corner Twenty-Fourth and Main Streets,
RICHMOND, Va.
All Styles of Plug i£ Tinrist Tobaccos.
CLOTH OF GOLD, GRAPE LEAP, WATER LILLY,
BARRET'S CROWN, INTRODUCTION, HARVEST,
BARRET'S ANCHOR, SUNNY SOUTH, CHARMER,
FORGET ME NOT, AND OTHER BRANDS.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

141

J. T. EImImTTSON,
BOOKSELLEU & STATIONER
1112 MAIN STREET,
liidimoiici, A^a..
Any Book published sent to any address, postage paid, upon receipt of
the publisher's advertised price.

liidmf

SOLE AGENT FOR THE SALE OF

\m

CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA.
CHAS. C. WEBTENBAKEB, Proprietor.
Bonitas et Fornia, La Loula, Silver Grays, Monticello,
Mouse, La Mell, and other Fine Brands.
t&' JPriees Low and Satisfaction Guaranteed.
SEND FOE PRIOE LIST AND CIRCULAR.

JESSE MARDEN,
SCALE MAKER
SOUTHEAST CORNEK OF
Charles and Balderston Sts.
BALTIMORE.

142 ADVERTISEMENTS.

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

I »• » 

Home Office— Richmond^ Va.

I • » ¦

This successful VIRGINIA COMPANY has established Agencies in every
section of the country. North, South and West, and is the only
That has complied with the Insurance Laws of New York, Pennsylvama,
Ohio, &c., and sbcubed business in these States.
Annual Income over One and a Quarter Million Dollars.
20,786 POLICIES ISSUED TO SEPTEMBER 30th, 1873!
' » ¦ 
POLICIES ISSUED FOB NINE MONTMS ENDING
September 30, 1871,  1,513
« 1872,  1,872
" ^873,  2,367
OVER $1,250,000 PAID IN DEATH LOSSES!
ALL DESIRABLE FORMS OF LIFE AND ENDOWMENT POLI
CIES ISSUED. ¦ '^ , .
POLICIES LIBERAL AND NON-FORFEITABLE.
ALL CLAIMS PAID PROMPTLY.
SURPLUS (DIVIDENDS) RETURNED TO POLICY-HOLDERS
ON THE CONTRIBUTION PLAN.
t&'M Company in America has Ieen more successful, ami no Gompajf,y can
present superior advantages to those who. desire A LIFE POLICY.
W. C. CARRINGTON, President.
D. J. HARTSOOK, Secretary.

ADVERTISEMENTS. 143
THE
Virginia Fire & Marine Insurance Co.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE, No. 1015 MAIN STREET,
Chartered 1832. Cash Assets $350,000.

THIS COMPANY does a FIRE business almost exclusively, and has
been prosperous for nearly FORTY-TWO YEARS. Its policy is to increase
its ability proportionately with the increase of its risks. It ranks with the
best Five, out of> sixty- one Companies reporting to the New York Insurance
-Department for 1873.
C.W. STANDARD & CO. Agents in New York City, 139 Broadway.
Agencies in the Principal Cities of Georgia and Mississippi.
WM, WILLIS, JR., Secretary. W. L. COWAEDIN, President.
flEO. S. PALMEE. _ DANIEL J. HAETSOOK. "WM. H. PALMEE.
PALMER, HARTSOOK & CO.
No. 1321 Cary Street, Bichvnond, Va.

Special attention given to Consignments of
Cotton, Grain, Flour, Tobacco and Country Produce.
LIBERAL CASH ADVANCES MADE, and Bags furnished, on application, for Grain.
W Agents for Knight's celebrated Dark Standard Syrnps and Sngars; F. L. WUUams & Co's Ugli
grade Eeflned Sugars and Bright Sngar-house Syrnps; "Holladay's and other brands
Virginia Flonr, and Spanish Mass Licorice of varions grades.
AGENTS here of the AMERICAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY, of
PMladelphia.
i Theotoh Bills of Lading for Freight issued from Richmond to
LiVBBPooL, and Tickets for both Cabin and Steerage Passengers.

144 ADVERTISEMENTS.,-
Beware of Imitations & Counterfeits!

w HH PQEH

13

FOR GENUINE! SEND YOUR ORDERS DIRECT

' Analysis of Prof. J. L. Campbell.
Laboeatoey of W. & L. Uniybbsitt, Lexington, Va.-. -j
Messrs. J. Bumgaednee & Sons, Staunton, Ya.
Qentlemen : — The sample of Whiskey sent here by you for- analysis, has
been subjected to a careful Chemical examination, and found to be free frona
all drugs, or substances foreign to Pure E,ye Whiskey. Its mildness and
purity adapt it well to Medicinal purposes for which PUEB WHISKEY is
wapted. Very respectfully, J. L. CAMPBELL, Prof, of Chemistry.
Analysis of Prof. McCulloch, Lexington, Va.
Messrs. J. Bumgaednee & Sons :
Gentleman: — I have carefully examined your "Old Ete Whiskey'*" and
take pleasure in informing you, that I found it a very pure and superior'
article, quite free from any adulteration or foreign matter, and such as is re
quired for Medicinal use.
It may be well to specify that it is remarkably free from fusil oil, that
natural product of the fermentation and distillation of grain, which unskill
ful manufacturers find so difiBcult to get rid of or avoid, and which gives tp
common Whiskey not only a disagreeable taste and odour, but very deleteri
ous properties.
Our people little know or imagine what villainous fabrications are sold to
them, sometimes even poisonous, by dealers in cheap Wines and Liquors. ¦*
Respectfully yours, R. S. McCULLOCH.
SOLD PURE and UNADULTERATED {pA^Ka^^KMI^I
SI^For Prices and all other information, apply to
J. BUMGARDIffSR «£ SOIffS^
ATo^e Manufacturers and Proprietors,