YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 06506 1138 YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Gift of HARRIETT W. TERRY 1 SBmdr*Simk nf Smilkt}. HAND-BOOK HERALDRY #. W, fiilt a^aptou, JOHN WILEY, 304 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 1851. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1851, by JOHN WILEY, i the Clerk'e Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York. R. Craighead, Printer and Stereotyper. 112 Fullon ttreet, New York. Xvtfu aFT.SintLazi; Tbil* INTKODUCTION, In presenting this little " Hand-book of Heraldry" to the American Public, I would have it understood that I do not attempt to lay before them a complete treatise on the science of Heraldry, or to unfold to their view the fruits of deep researches into antiquity; neither do I propose to give a history of the origin of the custom of using armorial bearings — were it indeed possible in our day to trace it to its source. My object is simply to throw a little light on the subject of Heraldry generally, and to correct many preconceived notions concerning it, which are frequently entertained by persons in this country, who, on almost all other topics, are well informed. 6 To many persons the study of Heraldry appears as frivolous a pursuit as the use of armorial bearings seems to them absurd ; and I grant that where display alone is aimed at, and where persons decorate their plate, furniture, and equipages, with heraldic devices to which they are in no way entitled, such ostentation may well deserve the name of folly, and be laughed at as such. There is, however, much interesting matter connected with Heraldry, closely linked as it is with History ; and there are few who can look on an ancient tomb decorated with the armorial bearings of the Knight who reposes beneath, without casting a sort of reverential glance at the times gone by, which, however deficient in the general knowledge and refinement which characterize the present far happier period, form a beautiful and glowing page in history, and the renowned of the days of old in England may well command the respect and veneration of their American descendants. Was it not the Barons who wrung Magna Charta from King John 1 Was not the object of the powerful Warwick, the last of the barons, to raise the people, and to crush the power of Kings 1 In tracing a pedigree, frequently for the purpose of establishing a claim to property, a mere seal engraved with a coat of arms, by chance in the possession of a member of the family, has been known to serve as a clue to trace the descent clearly ; while, on the other hand, there have been cases known, even in this country, where the inability to produce evidence of the family bearing such and such arms, has been a sufficient barrier to the recovery of valuable estates. Until recently, the use of arms on plate, carriages, &c, seemed to have been discontinued in this country, but of late years it has been revived, with a painful disregard, however, of correctness and authenticity. In fact, I have observed that the owners of carriages cause arms to be painted on them to which they have no right (whereas it is likely that by a proper search they might discover those they have a right, to wear), and that they sometimes quarter the arms of families improperly, that is to say, on account of some alliance, instead of descent from an heiress, without which no one has a right to quarter the arms of any family — excepting by a special grant from the Heralds' College, with the sign manual, in pursuance of the recognition of some person by will. I have also seen false heraldry, viz. metal on metal, and color on color. I have therefore prepared this little work, differing from any that has hitherto been offered to the public. My object has been to make it a Hand-book of Heraldry, wherein the reader will find the proper terms for metals, colors, and bearings ; vulgar errors noticed and corrected ; instructions for marshalling arms, that is arranging quarterings in one shield ; with a few remarks and explanations respecting technical terms generally used. 9 To this, by way of illustration, I shall subjoin the Pedigree of Washington, which cannot fail to be interesting to all Americans, for, although no mere prestige of birth can add to the lustre of a man so great, yet it is interesting to trace the ancestry of those we venerate, as it is pleasing to visit their birth-places, and to possess some relic of them. 11 CHAPTER I. The origin of Heraldic Arms has been attributed to different eras and countries. Some persons have asserted that the children of Israel displayed devices on their tents to distinguish one family from another. Camden, however, as also many other antiquarians, supposes that heraldic arms were first held in high consideration at the commencement of the Crusades ; and certainly many coats of arms we find belonging to ancient families at the present day, bespeak that time as the period of their first assumption. Some display crosses in every variety ; while others, with their escalop shells, denote that those who first bore 12 them for a device, did so in commemoration of a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. From time immemorial, ornamental emblems have been used. The Egyptian hieroglyphics have some analogy to the coat of arms and cognisance sculptured or painted on a Christian warrior's tomb. In this country, the Indians use devices to distinguish not only their various tribes, but different families of the same tribe, which are called Totems, and are represented by birds, beasts, &c, as in Heraldry. In the picture-writing of the ancient Mexicans each King, in their histories, is distinguished by a peculiar device or crest. That mementoes of a father's achievements should be worn by his descendants, and transmitted from generation to generation, is also obviously natural. The anxiety of man to perpetuate his name beyond the brief limit of his existence, is as universal as the 13 desire of his descendants to participate in the power and renown their fathers have acquired. We may in this way account for the practice of wearing and displaying armorial bearings, and conclude that in much earlier ages than those to which their introduction is attributed, devices, although not then termed Heraldic, were used to distinguish families. At the present day, in England, it is common for families of obscure origin who have acquired wealth, to obtain a grant of arms. In many instances an escutcheon is made up bearing a resemblance to that appertaining to a family of the same name, with whom it is possible the family obtaining the new grant may have a common descent. Sometimes a chief or a canton is placed on the shield, exhibiting a part of the armorial bearings borne by a family of importance or antiquity, to mark descent from that family in the female line, when the 14 whole arms cannot be worn as a quartering, the descent not being through an heiress. The paternal arms only are worn, unless the pedigree show descent from heiresses, in which case the arms of each heiress (with all her quarterings, if she were entitled to any) may be assumed by her descendants, worn quarterly, and marshalled according to their priority. Many persons confound crests with arms. I have frequently heard ladies speak of their crests. Ladies are not entitled to wear crests ; they frequently, however, seal notes with their husbands' crests and their own initials underneath, which is absurd. The crest is a device or cognisance worn in the helmet. It is true that the Princess Charlotte of Wales was, an exception to this rule. She was permitted to use the crest of England, not, however, as a private individual, but as heir presumptive to the throne. Single ladies and widows wear their arms in a lozenge, the former having the paternal coat — with 15 quarterings, if there be any ; a widow joins her arms with those of her late husband. In Plate III. fig. 8, will be found a maiden's lozenge ; in the same plate, fig. 1] represents that of a widow who has married a cousin on the father's side, consequently the arms impaled on the sinister are the same as those on the dexter side. The lozenge of a widow who is an heiress, may be found in Plate I. fig. 5. A married woman, during her husband's lifetime, may use on her own seal, a shield with the arms of her husband's family and her own engraved on it — but no crest. Baron and Femme are the heraldic terms for man and wife. The side of the shield occupied by the baron's arms (to the left as you view the shield), is called the dexter side; that occupied by those of the wife or femme, the sinister. 16 Helmets are placed over shields to denote the rank of the individuals who wear them. I have only given specimens of the helmets of Esquires in my plates, as no others are used here. It may be as well to note, however, that those of a royal family are of gold, full-faced, and grated with bars; those of Dukes and Marquises, of steel, grated- with fine gold bars, side-faced; while those of Earls, Viscounts, and Barons, have but four bars, though, in all other respects, they are the same as those of Dukes and Marquises. The open, full-faced helmet of steel, without bars, belongs to Baronets and Knights; the closed, side- faced helmet, to Esquires and Gentlemen. These latter are represented in different forms, according to the fashion of different ages. See plate of arms of Livingston, and Plate I. fig. 3, over the arms of Barclay. Mantlings serve as ornaments, and are generally 17 painted where the helmet is introduced ; they were anciently coverings to helmets ; as they are now represented, they look more like flourishes, carved wood, or feathers, signifying that they were cut or slashed in battle. See mantlings to fig. 3, Plate I., above alluded to. The crest is worn on a wreath, generally, but as I intend to devote a chapter to Crests and Mottoes, I shall say no more about them in this place. There are many points in Heraldry hardly necessary to be noticed in this little treatise, as its object is more to prevent mistakes in the use of armorial bearings, than to enter into the minutiae of the science ; nevertheless, I may as well remark, that although all the sons and daughters of the same father and mother have a right to wear the same arms, yet there are distinctions to mark the descent of elder and younger sons. It would prove a very complicated matter to apply these distinctive marks 18 correctly in a long pedigree— therefore they are very seldom used, excepting where titles exist in different branches of the same family. The arms, crest, supporters, coronet, and motto, of the Earl of Chesterfield, are precisely the same as those of the Earl of Harrington, descended from a younger branch of the same family of Stanhope; but on the shield of the latter is placed a crescent sable, on which is placed a smaller crescent argent, thus denoting descent from the second son of a second son. On the arms of the Earl of Carnarvon, descended from a younger branch of the Earls of Pembroke and Montgomery, there is also a crescent for difference, to denote that it is the second house, although Lord Carnarvon is not a descendant of a second son, but of the fourth son of the eighth Lord Pembroke, and fifth Lord Montgomery. The following nine differences are sometimes used : 19 For the eldest son, during his father's lifetime, the Label, Second son, the Crescent, Third son, the Mullet, Fourth son, the Martlet, Fifth son, the Annulet, Sixth son, the Fleur-de-lis, Seventh son, the Rose, Eighth son, the Cross Moline, Ninth son, the double Cluatrefoil. 20 CHAPTER II. In blazoning, which is the heraldic term for describing a coat of arms (also for recognising, or reading, as it were, heraldry), the tincture, or color of the shield, is first named — thus, a gold cross on a blue ground, or field, as it is termed, would be blazoned " Azure, a cross, or." These tinctures are divided into metals, colors, and furs. The metals are or (gold) and argent (silver). The colors are gules (red), azure (blue), sable (black), vert (green), purpure (purple), and tenne (sanguine), — the latter is seldom or never used in the present day. 21 The furs are, ermine, ermines (white spots on black), erminois (black spots on gold), and vaire. I have appended an uncolored plate to this chapter to show how these tinctures are represented in engraving. It will be perceived that Vaire is ^composed of small shields alternately argent and azure. But other metals and colors are sometimes used ; for instance, if the metal be or, and the color gu., the shield would be blazoned " Vairy, or and gu." When it is blazoned "Vaire," argent and azure are understood. Shields gutties must not be confounded with ermine, ermines, and erminois. Guttes are drops round at the bottom, and sprinkled, as it were, over the shield. Yellow guttes are called guttes oVor ; white, d'eau ; red, de sang ; blue, de larmes ; green, de vert ; and black, de poix. In the subjoined plate, fig. 12 is " argent, guttie de 22 poixf fig. 13, " sable, guttee deau;" and fig. 14, "argent, guttee de sang." I must here observe that metal on metal and color on color, is false Heraldry, and cannot be used ; it is however, true, as if to bear out the old saying that there is no rule without an exception, that sometimes, though very rarely, it has been used to commemorate some great achievement. The arms are then termed arms of inquiry ; for, as it would be clear to every one that metal on metal or color on color was false heraldry, the question, "why is this?" would naturally be put; and in answer, the deed which had thus distinguished the individual would be related. I will now give a few rules for marshalling arms, or disposing the arms of man and wife in the same shield, and also for quartering arms. In Plate I. fig. 3, I have drawn the arms of a 23 bachelor, tricked, as is the heraldic term, with helmet, mantlings, crest, and motto. In the same plate, fig. 1, may be seen the arms of a married man, impaling those of his wife, "party per pale, baron and fenlme." Here it is supposed that the wife has a brother, or brothers, or that brother's descendants are living ; in which case she cannot be an heiress, nor entitled to wear her arms other than impaled with those of her husband ; neither can her descendants quarter them. Were she, however, an heiress, her arms would be placed in an escutcheon or shield of pretence, in the middle of her husband's shield, as in Plate I. fig. 2 ; and her children would be entitled to quarter them in the second and third quarters, as in fig. 4 of the same plate. If her son married an heiress, as I have supposed, by placing a shield of pretence on these quarterings, the descendants of that marriage would be entitled to wear the arms of their mother's and grandmother's 24 families — those of their mother coming after the arms of their grandmother — as in fig. 6 of the same plate ; because they would represent through their mother and grandmother the particular branch of the family each was heiress to. In fig. 5 of same plate, is represented a widow's lozenge — the widow being an heiress. In this way quarterings accumulate. Some families are entitled to use as many as four or five hundred quarterings ; but then the paternal coat is generally used without quarterings, unless in commemoration of a great alliance, as the quarterings of Plantagenet in the arms of Devereux, Viscount Hereford, and Washington Sewallis Shirley, Earl Ferrars ; also in cases where an estate or title comes with the quartering. In Germany, the crests as well as the arms of all the families whose quarterings may be used, are assumed; but in England it is not so. 25 In the Principality of Wales, heraldry is held in very high esteem, and much respect is entertained for birth and antiquity of family. I have seen from forty to fifty quarterings displayed on the panels of a carriage; but in England it is very unusual. In Italy, we seldom see even the wife's arms on a carriage or on plate ; where they are introduced, it is usually on a separate shield, by the side of that of the husband. I shall not waste time by explaining how a commoner who marries a peeress in her own right, or a peeress, widow of a peer, wears his arms, nor how a Knight of the Garter and lady, &c, &c, &c, wear theirs, as I conceive it to be foreign to the plan of this work. Those who wish to make Heraldry a study, can find all the aids to it and the information they desire, in the first volume of "Berry's Heraldry." In the second volume, they will find a Dictionary 26 of Arms, containing the family names of hundreds of thousands entitled to bear arms, with the arms annexed to the names. The third volume consists of plates, giving the collars, stars, ribands, &c, &c, &c, of the various orders of Knighthood. There are also other very complete and voluminous works on Heraldry: Guillim's, Edmonson's, "Burke's Armory," " Book of the Landed Gentry," &c, &c. 27 CHAPTER III. I now proceed to speak of the charges or devices used in Heraldry. Of these, nine are called ordinaries, being of more frequent use than other charges. They are as follows : — The pale, as in Plate II. fig. ]. The bend, as in same plate, fig. 2. The fesse, as in fig. 3. The bar, as in fig. 4. The chevron, as in fig. 5. The saltire, as in figures 6 and 7. The chief, as in figures 7 and 8. The cross, as in Plate I., figures 1, 2, 4, 6, &c. In Plate II. there are several other charges, called 28 subordinaries. To this plate I shall devote a chapter by way of a lesson on blazoning arms, giving, at the same time, the proper names to the bearings therein contained. The borduce, as in Plate II. fig. 6, is of frequent occurrence ; sometimes it is added by way of honorable augmentation, as the tressure Jlory, counterflory, vert, in the arms of Living$ton (see plate facing dedication page), the tressure gules being a part of the royal arms of Scotland. A borduce wavy is a mark of illegitimacy. See Plate III. fig. 9. Here I may make an observation or two on a vulgar error. It is very common to hear persons speak of the illegitimacy of birth, by saying — " Such a one has a bend sinister," or, which is absurd, " a bar sinister;" for a bar crosses the shield horizontally. The Bend Sinister, being an honorable ordinary, is no sign of bastardy, though seldom met with ; and where a bend is spoken of, a bend dexter is 29 understood, unless blazoned "sinister." The Baton sinister, which is a narrow bend from the sinister to the dexter side of the shield, not extending to the corners, but merely crossing the middle part, is one mark of royal bastardy, as in the arms of the Fitz- Clarence family and others. It is blazoned " bruised with a baton sinister." The natural son of a gentleman, entitled to bear arms, may, by the permission of the family, get out a grant of arms from the Heralds' College, similar to those of his father, but inclosed in a borduce wavy, as in Plate III. fig. 9. Ordinaries are frequently used indented, engrailed, &c. ; and in blazoning it must be mentioned, as in Plate II. fig. 8, the arms of Gwilt are blazoned thus : — " ar. (for argent) a lion rampant, sa. (for sable), on a chief dancettee of the second (to avoid tautology) three saltires, or." I will show in this place the various differences: — 30 Dancett6, /vvwwwwwvwwx Indented, Engrailed, Invected, Raguly, L Dovetailed, A chief is frequently introduced by way of augmentation of arms, and, as I have before mentioned, marking descent from some distinguished family. Sometimes, too, in honorable recognition of some important service rendered to the state, as in the arms of Lord Nelson, whose paternal coat of arms received the augmentation of "on a chief wavy a ship stranded, a palm-tree, and a fort," after the victory obtained by him at the battle of the Nile. 31 A canton is placed on the dexter chief point of the shield, as in Plate II. fig. 15. The American flag has a canton azure sem6e of mullets argent; or, in common parlance, white stars on a blue ground. The heraldic star, or estoile, has, however, six points, and those points are wavy, like flames. See Plate IX. fig. 7, "On a chief, gules, a crescent, ar. between two estoiles, or." Sir Stephen Fox (grandfather to the celebrated Charles James Fox), an adherent to the then exiled family of the Stuarts, was complimented with an augmentation to his arms, in the year 1658, out of the royal ensigns, viz. "in a canton, az. a fleur-de- lis, or," still borne by his descendants, Lords Holland and Uchester. I shall close this chapter observing that it is impossible in the present day to know the meaning of many heraldic bearings and devices, as they were frequently assumed in consequence of some casual event 32 or circumstance — important, no doubt, at the time, to the particular family who adopted such insignia; but no longer admitting of being traced to its source, even by their immediate descendants of the present day. I have read in a work on Heraldry, the following remarks respecting the degree of honor and importance attached to certain bearings: " Animals are considered the most noble bearing, and next to these are birds, and particularly wild and ravenous birds ; fishes are lower still in the scale of heraldic dignity, on account of their being posterior to either of the former, in the order of their creation. It is a rule in heraldry, that animals, birds, &c, are to be considered according to their best and most noble qualities: thus, a lion or a fox do not represent savageness or theft, but majesty and nobleness are typified by the former, and wit and cunning by the latter." 33 CHAPTER IV. CRESTS AO MOTTOES. The use of crests and cognisances was for many centuries confined to royalty. Fulk, Earl of Anjou, grandfather to King Henry the Second, bore the broom-branch in his penitential pilgrimage to the Holy Land; hence the name of Plantagenet, planta genista being the Latin name for this shrub, which was also the cognisance of Henry the Second and Richard the Second. About the fifteenth century, cognisances became universal ; minstrels wore . them suspended by a silver chain ; and the servants of nobles were distinguished by having the cognisances of their masters fixed on 34 their arms ; a relic of which practice is still exhibited by the London firemen, and by the watermen of the city companies on the Thames. The sleeve-badge for servants was left off in the reign of James the First. Families often had, and still have, their liveries the same color as their bearings ; and the family crest is invariably embossed on the livery-button. In Guillim's " Heraldry," Prince's " Worthies of Devon," and other ancient heraldic works, crests are not given in general. The crest is usually worn on a wreath composed of the principal metal and the principal color used in the arms, commencing with the metal invariably, and having six twists, as in Plate III. fig. 13. Sometimes the crest is worn out of a ducal coronet, as in fig. 1, Plate III. — viz. an eagle rising, sable, out of a ducal coronet or, which is the family crest of the Washingtons. Other coronets are used 35 as parts of crests, and must not be confounded with coronets worn over the arms of nobles to mark their respective rank. In fig. 1 of the same plate, the crest would be blazoned thus — " Out of a mural crown, az. two arms in armor, embowed, ppr. (proper) holding in the hands a flag-staff, or, the flag flotant to the sinister, gu." In fig. 3, the crest is " a demi-lion rampant, gu., issuing from a naval crown, or," which usually denotes valor in naval service. The Cap of Maintenance is often indiscriminately granted now, although in former times this distinction was allotted to nobles only, and particularly to Dukes. See fig. 4 of same plate. The Crown palisado, and the Eastern crown, are shown in figures 5 and 6. These Eastern crowns, or, on a field, gu., are worn by the family of Fraser, as the second and third 36 quarterings in their arms — the first and fourth being "az., three cinqfoils, ar." The cinqfoil is sometimes used to represent a strawberry-leaf, in French, fraise ; these are called punning arms, being a pun on the name of Fraser. Punning mottoes are sometimes used, as " Forte scutum, salus ducum," the motto of the Fortescue family, and " Ver non semper viret," that of the family of Vernon. Many mottoes are hereditary and very ancient, while others are taken or assumed at pleasure. " Crede Byron," that of Lord Byron's family, is an instance of the former ; also, " Ung je serviray" (a most loyal one), the motto of the Herberts. The Scotch, in many instances, use two mottoes, one over the crest, and another under the arms. The motto, " Through," belonging to the family of Hamilton, is invariably placed over their crest, which is "in a ducal coronet, or, an oak-tree, fructed and 37 penetrated, transversely through the main stem by a saw, ppr. the frame, or." I shall now add a few pages on blazoning, so as to illustrate the other charges and devices used in ; coat-armor, and thus give a general and practical view of the subject. 38 CHAPTER V. ON PLATE I. As I have, in a former chapter, explained the marshalling of arms, in this place I shall merely give the heraldic blazoning of the shields. Ppr. stands for proper, meaning the natural or usual color of the charge given." Small crosses, fleurs-de-lis, «&c, are sometimes strewn over the shields, the number of these not being given : this is blazoned " Sem6 of fleur-de-lis," (' Seme of crosses," &c. Fig. 1 is thus blazoned — " Party per pale, baron and femme, az., a cross, or, impaling, gu., a. bend, ar." 2. "Az., a cross, or, on a shield of pretence, gu., a bend, ar." ,+ff +ff ^^ •% ft f^ 39 3. " Gu., a chev. (for chevron), or, between three cross-patt6es, ar." Crest, a sword, erect, ppr. hiked or. 4. "Quarterly of four, first and fourth, az., a cross, or, second and third, gu., a bend, ar., in an escutcheon of pretence, or, a chev. sa. 5. "In a lozenge, ar., a chev. sa., in a shield of pretence, or, a saltire, gu." 6. " Quarterly of four, first and fourth, az., a cross, or, second, gu., a bend, ar., third, ar., a chev. sa." PLATE II. Fig. 1. "Or, a pale, gu., between two escalop shells, az." 2. "Ar., a bend, sa., cottised, gu., between a garb (wheatsheaf), vert, in chief, and a castle, gu., in base." 3. " Az., on a fesse, between three cross-crosslets, or, a martlet, sa." 40 4. "Ar., two bars, gu., in chief, two pheons, and in base, an annulet, az." 5. "Vert., a chev., ar., between two mullets, in chief, and a fleur-de-lis, in base, or." 6. "Ar., on a saltire, engrailed, az., a water- bouget, of the field, within a bordure, or." 7. " Or, a saltire, sa., on a chief, gu., a crescent, ar., between two estoiles of the first" (meaning or). 8. "Ar., a lion rampant, sa., on a chief, dancettee, of the last, three saltires, couped, or.'" — (Arms of Gwilt.). 9. " Or, a lion passant, guardant, az." 10. "Erm., a lion sejant (sitting), gu." 11. "Az., a lion's head, erased, ar." 12. "Vaire, ar. and gu., a griffin segreant, vert, unguled, or armed, or." (Segreant is used when describing the attitude of a griffin, where rampant would be of a lion.) 13. "Sa., a dragon, statant, ar." 41 14. " Or, an eagle displayed, gu." 15. "Ar., a cross, flory, az., in a canton, gu., a stag's head cabossed,* or." 16. " Sa., three fusils, in fesse, erm." — (Arms of Giffard of Brightley.) Note. — The fusil and lozenge are very similar ; the former, however, is drawn out longer. PLATE III. Fig. 1. " Crest, out of a ducal coronet, or, an eagle rising, sa. — (Crest of Washington.) 2. " Out of a mural crown, az. two arms in armor, embowed, ppr., holding in the hands a flag-staff, or, flotant to the sinister, gu." 3. " Out of a naval crown, or, a demi-lion, rampant, gu." 4. " On a Cap of Maintenance, a hand couped at the wrist, ppr., holding a saltire, or." 42 5. " Ar., crown-palisado, or." 6. "An Eastern Crown, or." 7. "Gu., three horseman's rests, or." — (Arms of Grenvil.) 8. "A maiden's lozenge, sa., a cross, form6e fitchee, or." 9. " Gu., a lion, passant, guardant, between three cross-crosslets, within a bordure, wavy, or." 3 0. " Quarterly of four, first and fourth, az., three cinqfoils, ar., second and third, gu., three eastern crowns, or." — (Arms of Fraser.) 11. In this lozenge we perceive that the widow and her late husband belonged to the same family. The arms are blazoned, " Ar., three covered caps, sa.," impaling the same arms. — (Borne by Elizabeth Butler, widow of Cornelius Butler, Esq., late of Essex.) 12. "Party per pale, az. and gu., three lions rampant, ar."— (Arms of Herbert.) 13. " Quarterly of twelve" — 43 1. "Chequy, ar., and gu." 2. " Or, a boar's head, erased, gu." 3. " Ar., a rose, gu., barbed and seeded, vert, within a bordure, invected, sa." 4. " Ar., a chev. indented, gu." — (Arms of Brightley of Brightley.) 5. " Az., a pile, erm., between two bees, ar." — (Arms of Brandram of Lee Park, Co. Kent.) 6. "Ar., a fret, sa." 7. " Vert, a hunting-horn, or." 8. " Gyronny of eight, sa. and gu." 9. " Gu., two flaunches, ar." 10. "Az., a gyron., or." 11. " Ar., a fesse, embattled, between three mascles, gu." 12. "Or, a Moor's head, sa." We frequently meet with the term " countercharged," " Party per pale, ar. and sa., a cross counterchanged," would signify that the dexter half of the shield is 44 white, the sinister half black, the cross occupying the usual space would also be divided; on the white part of the shield it would be painted black, on the black part white. The following is a copy of a grant of arms, extracted from the Records of the College of Arms in London, to Thomas Smith, Esq., Lord of the Manor of Camden, in Gloucestershire, and Page of the Chamber to King Henry VIII. To all Xpiam people these presente Ires hearinge or seeinge, I, Xpofer Barker, Principall Kinge of Armes of Englishmen, send due humble recomendacons and greetinge. Equitie willeth and reason ordeineth that men verteous and of comendable disposicon and liuinge bee by their merits & good renowne rewarded and had in perpetuall memory for their good name, and to be in all places of honor and worthe, amonge 45 other noble persons accepted and reputed, by shewing of certain ensignes and tokens of vertue honor and gentelnes that is to say a scochen healtne and creast tokens of honor, to the entent that by their example other shall the more perseverentlie enforce themselves to vse their tyme in honorable workes and verteous deedes, to purchase and get the renowne of auncient nobles, and therefore, I the aforesd Garter principall King of Armes in manner aforesd, wch not alonely by the comon vulgare fame but alsoe by mine owne knowledge and report of auncient gentlemen and other credible persons, am truly enformed and advertised that Thomas Smith, of Campden, in the countie of Gloucester, Esq., hath longe continued in vertue and in all his acts and other his demeaninge hath discreetly and worshipfully guided and gov'ned himself soe that he hath deserued and is well worthy from henceforth to bee in all places of hono' and worshippe admitted accompted accepted and receaved 46 into the number and of the Companie of auncient gentell and noble men : and for the remembrance and recollecon the same his vertue habilitie and gentlenesse, by vertue power and auctoritie unto my office annexed and attributed by the Kinge or Soueraigne Lord haue devised ordened and assigned vnto and for the sayd Thomas Smith, Esq., and his posteritie, a schouchin wth Healme and Creast lawful and convenient tokens of honor in manner followinge, that is to wytt: " Sables a fesse between three crosse Sawltereys gold ; vpon his creast tow Amphibanies in a knot indorsant asure langued gueles* set vpon a wreth gold and sables mantelled gueles, line siluer, bottoned gold." As it appeareth in this margent; to haue and to hould vnto the ssayd Thomas Smith, Esq., and his * In modern and more proper terms, the arms would be blazoned thus : Sa., a fesse between three saltires, or. Crest, Two Amphisboenoe in a knot, indorsant, az., langued, gu. 47 posteritie wth their due difference therein to be revested to his bono' for eu' more. In Witness whereof I the sd Garter principall Kinge of Armes as abouesayd haue signed these presents wth mine owne hand and haue sett thereto the Seale of mine office and 'alsoe the seal of mine Armes : Yeven at Bullene the iiij* of September in the yeare of or lord god 1544 and of the reign e of or Soueraigne lord Kinge Henry the 8th by the Grace of god Kinge of England, France and Ireland, defendo* of the faith and in earth under god the supreme head of the Church of England and Ireland the xxxvi* yeare. Xpofer Barker. als Garter. These Armes and Crest ratified and confirmed by S( Gilbert Detbich, Knight, als Garter principall Kinge of Armes. Per me Gilb' Dettrick als Garter principal^ Kinge of Armes. 48 PEDIGREE OF WASHINGTON. George Washington, as everybody knows, was born on the 22d of February, A.D. 1732. His great-grandfather came from England in the year 1657 ; his grandfather was the first of his family born in America. The family of Washington derives its descent from William de Heitburn, Lord of the Manor of Washington, in the County of Durham, in the 13th century. John Washington, of Whitfield, seems to have been the first of the descendants of William de Hertburn who assumed the local name of Washington, which his descendants have since retained. Robert of Warton, his second son, married Margaret, daughter of Robert Kitson, Esq., in the reign of Henry the Seventh, and left issue : Lawrence, styled of Northampton and Gray's Inn. 49 He had grants of lands of Sulgrave in the thirtieth year of the reign of Henry the Eighth. He married Anna, daughter of Sir Richard Stanley, Kt., and left issue John, who died in the third year of the reign of King Edward the Sixth. He left issue George, of Sulgrave, who married Eleanor, daughter and heir of John Hastings. As the descendants of this marriage are entitled not only to quarter the arms of Hastings, but other arms of illustrious and noble families, I give the pedigree of Eleanor Hastings. HASTINGS. Eleanor was the daughter and heir of John Hastings, Son of the Hon. Sir Edward Hastings of Leicester Abbey, by Barbara, daughter and co-heir of Sir William Devereux of Mireval Abbey, Co. Warwick. Sir Edward 50 was fourth son of Francis, second Earl of Huntingdon, K. G., by Catherine, daughter and co-heir of Henry Pole, or De la Pole, Lord Montagu, whose mother was Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, daughter and heir of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to King Edward the Fourth and King Richard the Third, by Isabel Nevil, daughter and co-heir of Richard Nevil, Earl of Warwick, the King-maker. PLANTAGENET. George, Duke of Clarence, was son of Richard, Duke of York, by Cicely Nevil ; who was son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge, by Anne, daughter qf Roger, Earl of March ; who was son of Edmund, Duke of York, by Isabella, daughter of Peter of Castile; who was son of King Edward the Third of 51 England, by Philippa of Hainault; who was son of King Edward the Second, by Isabella, daughter of Philip-le-bel of France ; who was son of King Edward the First, by Eleanor, daughter of Ferdinand of Castile ; who was son of King Henry the Third, by Eleanor, daughter of Raymond, Count of Provence ; who was son of King John, by Isabella of Angouleme ; who was son of King Henry the Second, by Elinor of Aquitaine ; who was son to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, by the Empress Maude, widow of Henry the Fourth, Emperor of Germany, and daughter and heir of King Henry the First, by Maud, daughter of Malcolm the Third, King of Scotland ; who was third son of William the Conqueror, by Matilda, daughter of Baldwin, the Fifth Earl of Flanders. George Washington of Sulgrave left issue 52 John, fourth son, who emigrated to America in the year 1657. In 1654, he married Jane, daughter of Sir Hugh Wallace of Bucks. He left issue Lawrence, of Bridge's Creek, Co. Westmoreland, Virginia, who married Anne Pope, and left issue Austin, of Bridge's Creek, who, by his second wife, Mary, daughter of Colonel Ball, left issue George Washington, First President of the United States of America. The quarterings in Washington's arms are : — Earl of 1. Washington, 6. Mortimer 2. Hastings, March, 3. De La Pole, 7. Nevil, 4. Plantagenet, 8. Beauchamp, 5. Ancient arms of 9. Devereux. Scotland, / ARMS OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA . Arms (on the seal of the U. S.), an eagle 53 displayed, in the dexter claw an olive branch, and in the sinister a sheaf of many arrows, the points upwards, ppr., from the beak a scroll — a scroll, or ribbon — thereon "E pluribus unum,;" above the head, encircled by clouds, also ppr., the az. sky and glory, with as many mullets, or stars, of five , points, ar., as United States; on the body of the eagle, a shield, paly of thirteen (in allusion to the thirteen United States), ar. and gu., a chief az. SYMBOLS, BADGES, AND ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF THE FIRST THIRTEEN UNITED STATES. Carolina, North. — The figure of Plenty strewing, from an inverted cornucopia, the fruits of the earth at the feet of Liberty, who holds in the right hand a scroll of the Constitution — the sea and ships in perspective. Carolina, South. — In base an oak-tree eradicated, lying fesse-wise; in pale, a tree, pendent therefrom 54 a shield, inscribed; "July 4," and at the foot, two bundles of arrows, in saltire, united by a scroll with the motto, " Quis separabit ?" the sea and mountains in perspective. Connecticut. — A shield charged with three grape vines ; on the dexter side, war trophies, and on the sinister, the emblems of Justice — behind the escutcheon an explosion. Motto, " Qui trans sust." Delaware. — A shield, a fesse wavy, in chief, a wheat-sheaf and hank of flax, in bend counter-bend, and in base upon a mount an ox; supported on the dexter side by a husbandman, the right hand supporting a hoe, and pointing to the ox, and holding in the left, over the arms, on a wreath, the crest, namely, a ship in full sail towards the sinister; the shield supported on the sinister side by the right hand of a man in a rural dress, holding a gun in the left, with a bugle, powder-flask, and pouch, slung from the shoulder, and pendent from the right side. 55 Motto, "Liberty and Independence'' The sea, ships, and high land in perspective. Georgia. — On a rocky shore, upon which the sea is breaking in foam, the high land in the distance, a temple supported by three figures with scrolls, inscribed, " Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation ;" over the dome, the word, " Constitution," guarded by a soldier with a drawn sword. Hampshire, New. — A dock-yard, with a ship on the stocks, the sun rising from the ocean. Jersey, New. — A shield charged with three ploughs, in pale. Crest, on a wreath, the head of a horse, couped; supported on the dexter side by the figure of Liberty, and on the sinister by that of Plenty. Maryland. — The figure of Justice, illuminated with rays of glory, her dexter hand resting upon a sword, and holding an olive-branch, the sinister elevated above the head with the balance ; at her feet a civic crown, fasces, and cornucopia, with the motto,. 56 " Industry the Means ; Plenty the Result ;" behind her a ship, and emblems of commerce. The sea and a vessel in the distance. Massachusetts. — On a rock, surrounded by the sea and stormy clouds clearing off; a shield, charged with a female figure, representing America, resting her right hand upon a bow, and holding in her left an arrow, the point downwards ; in the dexter chief a mullet of eight points ; behind the shield a mainmast and anchor bendways. Crest, on a wreath, a dexter arm embowed, the hand grasping a sword or cutlass. Motto, " Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem." Pennsylvania. — Arms : on a fesse, between a ship in full sail, in chief, and three garbs, or wheat-sheaves, barways in base — a plough. Crest, on a wreath, an eagle, wings expanded; supporters, two horses. Motto, " Liberty and Independence." Rhode Island. — Supported on the waves of the sea, 57 a shield, charged with an anchor and cable, erect, on a scroll, over it the word, "Hope." Virginia. — Victory, holding in her left hand a spear erect, and grasping in the right a falchion, trampling upon a figure representing Despotism, with appropriate emblems ; and on an escroll, the motto, " Sic semper tyrannis." York, New. — Arms : in base, a landscape, over which the sun is rising in splendor. Crest, on a wreath ; upon part of a globe or sphere, an eagle regardant, wings expanded. Supporters, dexter, Justice blindfold, supporting, with the right hand, the fasces, and holding with the left a sword : sinister, Liberty holding in the right hand a palm-branch, and supporting with the left, the staff and cap. Motto, "Excelsior." the end. W.T.ForterEaq J-A-HaAperty Esq. AlfredBelknap Esq. J.Richards Esg. XiSuoftSutOtur.ThUi- Augustus lirimmEsq. W.H. MWidfe ar^E s q . J.G.Cllristic,Esij. HeiiryHallAVanlJisij Charles IVice.EsgJ Arms of Carrin^ton Jamgs Pea ly /Esq . Arms ol Buckn-or, Geoi*6ebwiIt,Rsq. , , T. R.S. ^ Alex H.