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CELEBRATION

TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY

SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY,

.JUNE 10, 1885.

NEWBITRYPORT:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF OLD NEWBURY.

MDOCOLXXXV.

HISTOPJCAL SOCIETY OF OLD NEWBURY.

Public Libeaey Building, }
Newbueypoet, Mass., July 21, 1885.)"
Kesolved: That the special committee, appointed June 29, 1885, ¦ consisting of
Messrs. S. J. Spalding, John J. Currier, Philip K. Hills, William H. Huse, Williara
Little and Luther Dame, — having obtained the guarantee required to cover the cost
of publication, — be and hereby is authorized to prepare and publish in a convenient
form a full and detailed account of the exercises on the two hundred and fiftieth
anniversarj' of the settlement of Newbury.
A true copy. Attest John D. Paesoxs, Secretaiy.

WILLIASI H. IH'SE .'^ CO.
PRINTERS,
NEWBURYPOUT HEUATil).

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Resolution of Thanks by the Histoeical Society,
Pkeliminaey Peooeedixgs, 
Centennial Anniversary, (1735)
Two Hundredth Anniversary, (1835)
Two HUNDEED AND FIFTIETH AnNIVEESAET, (1885)
Action of the Historical Society of Old Newbury,
Meeting of Committees of Newbury, West Newbury and Newburyport,
Appointment of Committees on Literary Exercises and Finance,
Appointment of Executive Committee, ... . .
Report of the Committee recommending Plan of Celebration,
Invitation extended to Municipal Authorities of Newbury, England,
Action of Borough of Newbury, Berks, England, .
Invitation to Hon. James Russell Lowell to deliver the Address,
Samuel C. Bartlett, D. D., LL. D., invited to deliver Address,
Newbury, West Newbury, Newburyport decline official co-operation
Proceedings of Historical Society authorizing change of plan.
Plan of the Celebration as amended and adopted by Historical Society,
EXEEOISBS IN THE CiTY HaLL,
Address of William Little, Esq.,
Address of Hon. John J. Currier,
Prayer by Rev. Francis W. Sanborn,
Reading of the Scriptures by Rev. Daniel f- Fiske,
Hymn by Hon. George Lunt,
Ode by Mrs. Louisa P. Hopkins,
Historical Address of Samuel Colcord Bartlett, D. D.. LL. D.
Remarks by Lieut. A. W. Greeley, .
Benediction by Rev. Samuel J. Spalding, D. D.,
Thb Peocession, 
Chief Marshal and Staff, ....
Escort, Companies A and B, Eighth Regiment,

D. D.,

PAiiE 5
9-13 9 9
13-20 13, 14141415
IU
l(i1718 1919
19
23-68 23

293031366868
-73 71 71

71

4 TABLE OK ODNTKNTS.
First Division, . . ... . .
Second Division,  . . .
The Public Schools of Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport,
Route of Procession, 
The Dinnee 
Ushers, Thomas E. Cutter, chief,
Grace, by Rev. D. T. Fiske, D. D., . . .
Introductory Speech by Hon. John J. Currier, president.
Address of Hon. A. E. Pillsbury, ....
Letter from Gen. Benjamin F. Butler,
Address of Hon. George B. Loring, .
Address of Hon. William W. Crapo,
Address of Rev. George D. Wildes, D. D., LL. D.
Poem by Hon. George Lunt,
Address of Capt. Henry M. Cross,
Address of David L. Withington, Esq., .
Address of Hon. Eben F. Stone,
Address of Hon. Charles S. Bradley,
Address of E. Moody Boynton, Esq.,
Address of Lieut. A. W. Greely, ....
Address of Samuel C. Bartlett, D. D., LL. D.,
Address of Benjamin A. Gould, Ph. D. .
Address of Edward Atkinson, Esq.
Letter from John G. Whittier,
Address of Edward S. Moseley, Esq.
Address of Rev. Samuel J. Spalding, D. D.
Address of Rev. A. J. Teeling,
Address of James Parton,
Address of E. P. Dodge, Esq.,
Address of Hon. John R. Rollins,
AllreES of Thomas W. Silloway, Esq.,
Hymn by Rev. Charles C. Sewall,
Evening Reception, 
List of Portraits displayed in Council Chamber,
Appendix. ... ...
Letters from Invited Guests,
Poem by Miss Emily A. Getchell,
Members of the Chorus 
(Contributors to Guarantee Fund,
Treasurer's Rej^ort, 
Subscribers Guaranteeing Publication of Memorial Vohime,

PAGE 71
727273
77-126 7777 77798181 84 889091 9395
101105 107109 110 113114 115117 119121 122 123124125
129-136 180
139-150 139 142
146 147 149 150

RESOLUTION OF THANKS.

At a meeting of the Historical Society, held at the Public Library
building, July 21, 1885, the following resolutions were adopted:
Resolved : That the thanks of the society be extended to President Bartlett for
his able and eloquent oration delivered at the celebration of the two hundred and
fiftieth anniversary of Old Newbury.
Resolved : That we deplore the death of the honorable George Lunt — one of
the honorary members of this society — and in conveying to his widow and family
our deep appreciation of his ability and worth, we would especially acknowledge
our indebtedness to him for the graceful poem written for the anniversary exer
cises of June 10th, 1885.
Resolved : That the thanks of the society be extended to Mrs. Louisa Parsons
Hopkins for her beautiful and felicitous poem.
Resolved : That the thanks of the society be extended to the various commit
tees and their officers, to the chief marshal and his aids, to the leader and mem
bers of the chorus, and to the many friends who by pecuniary aid and other gifts
aud services contributed so much to the success of the celebration; and particular!}'
to Mr. John T. Brown for his arduous and successful exertions iu collecting and
arranging the large number of portraits exhibited on that occasion.
Resolved : That copies of the oration and poems be solicited for publication.
A true copy. Attest John D. Paesons, SecretarJ^

PEELIMIMRY PROCEEDINGS.

PRELIMINARY PROCEEDINGS,

The earliest commemoration of the settlement of Newbury, Mass.,
of whioh we have any knowledge, was the first centennial anniversary,
held in 1735. This, "according to tradition," says Joshua Coffin, "was
duly noticed in the front yard of Colonel Joseph Coffin's house." Be
yond this most indefinite tradition nothing more is known.
The two hundredth anniversary was celebrated May 26th, 1835, with
much enthusiasm. The citizens of the three towns — Newbury, New-
buryjjort and West Newbury — united in making the arrangements, and
in providing funds by private contribution to meet the necessary ex
penses. In the warrant for the annual town meeting of Newbury, 1835, was
the following: "Art. 13. To determine whether the town will notice its
apjjroaching second centennial anniversary, and if so, to take such
measures as they may deem expedient for that purpose.'' After due
consideration it was "voted to notice the approaching Second Centen
nial Anniversary ; also, to choose a committee of nine to carry the
same into effect."
The town of Newbury sent invitations to Newburyport and "West
Newbury to join in the celebration. The invitations were accepted, and
a committee of arrangements was appointed, consisting of:
Newbuey — Moses Little, Silas Moody, Daniel Noyes, Ebenezer Hale, Daniel
Adams, Sd, James Carey, Josiah Little, John Chickering, Benjamin Stickney.
(The last two filled the places of Daniel Plummer and Tristram Little, who re
signed.) Newbueypoet — Henry Frotliingham, Amos Tappan, Nathaniel Foster, John Os
good, Caleb Gushing, John Bradbury, Jeremiah Colman, Henry Johnson, Henry
Titcomb, jr.
West Newbuey' — Eliphalet Emery, Dean Robinson, Moses Newell, Samuel
Rogers, Isaac Boyd.

10 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVEESAEY
The committee organized by the choice of Moses Little, chairman,
and Josiah Little, secretary. Nathaniel Foster is the only member of
this committee now living. After its organization the committee
divided itself into several sub-committees for the better prosecution
of its work, and held meetings nearly every week at the Newbury
town house on the turnpike, which was afterwards converted into the
Brown High school building, and more recently into dwelling houses.
The 26th of May was fixed upon for the celebration. The prominent
features of the occasion were a procession, public exercises in the Pleas
ant street church, and a dinner.
The following persons were appointed as marshals, viz :
Jeeemiah Colman, Chief Marshal.
James Caeey, Amos Tappan, Aids.
Nathan Beown, Eleazee Johnson, Sd, Jacob W. Pibece,
Thomas FosTEE, William B. Titcomb, Wm. Cueeiee, Je.,
Josiah Titcomb, Ueiah Bayley, Samuel Rogees, Je.,
RiCHAED Tennet, Daniel T. Colman, Geoegb Fitz,
Edwaed Titcomb.
Of these but two (Thomas Foster and George Fitz) survive.
The day was fair but cool, and the weather in all respects propitious.
A salute of twenty-four guns was fired by the artillery at sunrise and
also at sunset. The route and order of the procession is given in the
following notice, published in the Newburyport Herald, May 19, 1835:
A procession will be formed at the Town House in Newbury, at 10 o'clock, a. m.,
to move precisely at half-past 10, escorted by the Newburyport Artillery and the
Byfield Rifle Companies, and will proceed down the Turnpike to High street,
thence through Federal and Middle streets, through Market square, Broadway and
Merrimac street, up Market street, through Berry street and Brown's square to
the Pleasant street church. OEDBE OF peocession.
Aid. Chief Marshal. Aid.
Escort with Boston Brass Band.
Marshal.
Orator and Officiating Clergyman.
Marshal.
Municipal Authorities.
Marshal.
Invited Guests.
Marshal.
Committee of Arrangements.
Clergymen. Marshal.
Marshal. National and State Officers. Marslial.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 11
Newburyport Marine Society.
Marshal. Newburyport and Newbury Fire Departments. Marshal.
Washington Light Infantry Association.
Marshal. Strangers. Marshal.
Citizens generally.
Marshal. Marshal.
The soldiers of the revolution were in the procession and rode in car
riages provided at the public expense, as appears from the following
notice inserted in the Newburyport Herald INIay 21, 1835:
" The Revolutionary soldiers of '76, inhabitants or natives of Newburyport,
Newbury, or West Newbury, are invited to join in the Centennial Celebration on
the 26th inst., and are requested to meet at the Merchants' Insurance Office, State
street, Newburyport, at half-past 9 o'clock, where carriages will be provided."
Capt. John Bradbury was in command of the Newburyport Artillery,
and Capt. Ira Stickney in command of the Byfield Rifles.
The Boston Brass Band was a very important feature of this occa
sion. It was the first time that a full brass band had been heard in the
streets of Newburyport.
The following was the order of the exercises at the church :
1. VOLUNTAEY ON THE Organ  C. Zuner
2. Duett and Choeus by the  Choir
S. Reading of the Soeiptuees by  Rev. John C. March
(From a Bible printed in 1634.)
4. Volumtaey by the  Band
5. Selections feom 42d and 44th Psalms.
Read in alternate responses between the Minister and Congregation.
6. Oeiginal Hymn by  ,  Hon. George Lunt
Tune— " Old Hundred."
7. Peayee by  Rev. Dr. Morss
8. Oeiginal Ode — The Pilgrims— by  Hon. George Lunt
Air — "Gaily the Troubadour."
9. Oeation by  Hon. Caleb Cushing
10. Anthem  Beethoven
11. Benediction.
The Newburyport Herald of May 29, 1835, which contains the toasts
and brief Jiotices of the after-dinner speeches, has no sketch of the
oration. In compliment it says: "The oration by Mr. Cushing was
such as the high reputation of the gentleman justified the public in an
ticipating." Mr. Everett, in his remarks, said: "It would be useless and pre
sumptuous, after the able and eloquent remarks on the subject by the
orator of the day, to descant upon the wisdom and virtue of our fore
fathers." The editor of the Haverhill Gazette, who was present, says " Mr.

12 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
Cushing's oration was worthy of the eminent talents of its author, and
of the interesting occasion whioh called it forth. We may be regarded
by some as extravagant in our admiration of this eloquent production ;
but are nevertheless of opinion that for richness in historical facts, for
moral elevation of sentiment, loftiness of diction, and splendor of
imagery, it can scarcely be surpassed. It occupied an hour in delivery,
during which an immense auditory listened with unusual interest and
attention. The ode, by Mr. Lunt, is beyond all dispute a grand and
beautiful production. No descendant of the Pilgriras, who loves to
contemplate the piety, the moral heroism, the "noble daring," the suf
ferings, the almost miraculous results of the efforts of their fathers, in
the cause of human liberty, of civilization, and of religion — we say no
true descendant of the Pilgrim Fathers could have heard that ode read
as Mr. Cushing read it, and sung as it was sung on that occasion, with
out experiencing a thrilling sense of the sublime, and a deep rever
ence pervading his entire frame."
Quite recently the papers of Mr. Cushing have been examined and
the oration given on the two hundredth anniversary has been found. It
justifies the high encomiums bestowed upon it.
After the services at the church the procession was re-formed and
proceeded to the pavilion which had been put up, a little to the south
and east of the Newbury Town House, on land which is now in
cluded in the Oak Hill cemetery. About seven hundred persons dined
at the pavilion. Hon. Ebenezer Moseley was the jiresident of the day,
and introduced the exercises at the table.
Among the guests who spoke were Lieutenant-Governor Armstrong,
Hon. Edward Everett, Lion. Samuel Phillips, Hon. Caleb Cushing, Hon.
George Lunt, Hon. R. C. Winthrop, Judge D. A. White and Col. S.
Swett, Hon. Levi Cutter, (Mayor of the city of Portland), Dr. Kit-
tredge of Salem, Dr. William Ingalls of Boston, Mr. N. Cleaveland,
(Preceptor of Dummer Academy), Col. S. L. Knapp of New York City,
Governor William Plummer of Ne«' Hampshire, and Mr. Chinn of
Kentucky. The pavilion was ma,de partly of boards and ]iartly of cloth, and the
walls were decorated with portraits of celebrities of the old town and
with other objects of historical interest.

TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.

At the annual meeting of the Llistorical Society of Old Newbury, held
January 30, 1884, on motion of Mr. Lothiop Withington, a committee
of seven Avas chosen for the purpose of taking preliminary action in re
gard to the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of
the settlement of Newbury, and the committee was instructed to call
the attention of the city of Newburyport and the towns of Newbury
and West Newbury to the subject, and request their co-operation in the
matter. That committee was composed of Samuel J. Spalding, Wil
liam H. Swasey, William H. Huse, James Parton, Lothrop Withing
ton, of Newburyport ; Luther Dame of Newbury ; Haydn Brown of
West Newbury. A circular letter was prepared and forwarded to the
towns of Newbury and West Newbury and the city of Newburyport
early in 1884, as follows:
The undersigned, committee of the Historical Society of Old Newbury, have
been instructed by the society to invite the co-operation of the towns of Newbury
and West Newbury and the city of Newburyport in a proposed celebration of the
two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement and incorporation of New
bury in May, 1635.
In doing this the committee would call attention to the importance and signifi
cance of this anniversary.
As to the event to be celebrated, the committee would submit that the settle
ment at the mouth of the Merrimac was no small factor in the foundation of New
England. On the contrary, it was one of the most important of all. From the
Merrimac mouth branched out the settlers of the great Merrimac valley, (the rich
est and most beautiful of all New England water-courses), the greater part of New
Hampshire and of Vermont, and some of the most famous settlements in Massa
chusetts, names known today throughout the world. The founders of Old New
bury were as a body among the most independent, the most individual, the most
influential of all the early New England towns. They included men who were
themselves famous in two hemispheres, and who have left descendants foremost
in all industries and all arts. We can say this without self-praise, a large part of the
blood of the early settlers having long since ceased to have connection with the
locality, has spread over the continent. We are many of us new-comers. But we
inherit an historic spot, and equally share in upholding its tradition. The native

14 TWO HUNDRED AND FIl-'TIETH ANNIVERSARY
of transalpine Gaul or of distant Judea was as proud of his Roman citizenship as
any descendant of the Julian line. So we today that once breathe the air of the
Merrimac mouth are not only Yankees from that hour, but belong to the peculiar
heart of New England. The new;est comer among us feels his whole character
affected and his being changed by the atmosphere and manner of the place.
These settlers of 1635 made a new departure in social and political customs.
They wrought out a new idea and a new system. They showed the world in
practice something that a large portion of the world believes even yet to be im
practicable. They demonstrated the fact that it is not necessary that men must
be governed by some one else, but that they can govern themselves ; that it is pos
sible for the highest and the lowest to live together in terms of perfect social
equality. In the demonstration, in this battle for human equality. Old Newbury
bore an important part in New England. Her sons should not forget to honor 'the
anniversarj' of her birth.
This committee invite the two towns and the city to each add a committee of
citizens to all join us as a general committee to initiate this celebration and to re
port progress in the future. S. J. Spalding, ]
William H. Swasey, I Committee
William H. Husb, |
Jambs Paeton, } of the
LoTHEOP Withington,
LuTHEE Dame, Historical Society.
Haydn Beown, J
In response to this invitation a committee of nearly one hundred and
fifty was appointed, consisting of delegates from the three municipali
ties and from the Historical Society, and this committee was first con
vened in the Common Council room in the City Hall at Newburyport,
May 7, 1884.
Hon. John J. Currier was elected chairman and A. W. Greenleaf
secretary. A Committee on Literary Exercises, a Committee on Finance, and an
Executive Committee were appointed.
The Committee on Literary Exercises consisted of the following gen
tlemen : John J. Currier, Eben F. Stone, James Parton, George J. L.
Colby, Samuel J. Spalding, Amos Noyes, N. N. Withington, of New
buryport ; Ben : Perley Poore, George E. Noyes, M. Walsh Bartlett, of
West Newbury ; Albert S. Adams, of Amesbury ; H. F. Longfellow,
William Little, Nathaniel Dole, of Newbury.
Finance Committee — W. H. Huse, E. P. Dodge, D. L. Withington,
H. ]\I. Cross, Philip H. Lunt, of Newburyport ; Nathaniel Dole, Moses
Colman, of Newbury ; Charles W. Ordway of West Newbury.
Executive Committee — John J. Currier, Benjamin Hale, Samuel J.

OP THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 15
Spalding, P. K. Hills, Henry W. Moulton, James Parton, W. H. Swasey,
Eben F. Stone, William H. Huse, Edward F. Bartlett, of Newbury
port ; Albert S. Adams, of Amesbury ; William Little, Nathaniel Dole,
Luther Dame, of Newbury ; Michael Walsh Bartlett, Eben Moody
Boynton, of West Newbury.
It was made the duty of the Executive Committee to report a general
plan for the celebration of the anniversary.
A meeting of that committee was held June 4, 1884. The following
report was unanimously adopted and was recommended to the genera!
committee for action thereon :
eepoet of sub-committee.
The sub-committee appointed to prepare a plan for the celebration of the two
hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Newbury respectfully offer
the following suggestions :
First, as to the day or days of the celebration. Since the precise day of the
landing at Parker river in 1635 is not known, but in all probability occurred be
tween the twentx-sixth of May and the middle of June, we think we are at liberty
to select any day within that period which holds out the best promise of favorable
weather, and of the most abundant flowers. We therefore suggest Wednesday,
June 10, as the day for the celebration.
An important question has been decided by your committee, whether the cele
bration shall be conflned to one day or extend to two days. We are of the opinion
that the principal and official celebration of the anniversary should be conflned to
one day, and that the more popular exercises for which the executive committee
would be responsible in a less degree, should take place on the day following.
We suggest this outline : FIEST DAY.
1. A meeting at the Pleasant street church, or in the City Hall, at half-past ten
iu the morning, the chief exercise of which should be an oration by some one
connected with this vicinity by lineage or otherwise. There should also be music
and singing on this occasion.
2. A banquet at one o'clock in a tent on the upper Oldtown green, to be fol
lowed by the singing of glees, and short speeches of a festive and after-dinner
character. 3. In the evening, a reception and dance, at the City Hall, with exhibition of
historical relics and tableaux upon the stage, with liberty to the guests of wearing
any old time costume they may prefer. The tableaux to be arranged upon the
stage and exhibited at convenient intervals between the dances.
second day.
1. In the morning a procession of trades, benevolent orders, soldiers, flremen,
students, horsemen, with vehicles adorned with flowers and garlands, accom
panied by good bands of music, to move at ten o'clock and traverse the principal
streets. A general decoration of the route with flowers, banners and drapery.

16 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
2. An informal luncheon for the participants, on Brown square.
3. In the afternoon, excursions on the river, (not in charge of the committee),
clam bakes ou Plum Island and Salisbury Beach, barge rides into the country.
4. In the evening at half-past eight au exhibition of flre-works from a raft in
the middle of the Prog Pond, with bands of music playing at intervals on the Mall.
FUKTHEE EECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.
Your sub-committee further recommend that committees of suitable character
and number be appointed to carry out the proposed suggestions ; among others
the following :
Committees on finance, literary exercises, music, tableaux, reception and enter
tainment of visitors, invitations, banquet, procession, fireworks, memorial volume.
Your committee further suggests that a committee be appointed to form these
committees, with the particular recommendation that they may embrace a fair and
full representation of the ladies of these communities. As the selection of the
committees is a matter of the greatest importance, they further advise that this
committee be allowed ample time for the discharge of their difficult and delicate
duty. James Paeton, Chairman of Sub-Committee.
At a meeting of the General Committee, held June 11, 1884, it was
voted to accept and adopt the recommendations of the report, and to
instruct the Executive Committee to carry its provisions into effect, un
less otherwise ordered.
At a subsequent meeting, held September 24, 1884, on raotion of
Major Ben: Perley Poore, the Committee on Literary Exercises was em
powered to invite delegates from Newbury, England, to be jiresent and
particii)ate in the celebration. In accordance with this vote an invita
tion was extended to the municipal authorities of Newbury, England,
and the following answer was received :
BOROUGH OF NEWBURY, BERKS.
TO WIT:
At a meeting of the Mayor and Corporation of the said Borough held at the
Council Chamber of and in the said Borough on Tuesday, the thirteenth day of
January, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-five.
Present— William Hall, Esqee, Mayor.
Aldermen :
Edwaed Wilson, William Geoegb Adey,
Ja.mes Heney Li-cah, James Absalom.
Councillors :
Heney Doi.ton, Geoegb Mitchell Knight,
James Benmamin Stone, Robeet Long,
CiiAELES Lucas, Stephen Knight,
RoBEKT Johnston, Robeet James Lovell,
Henky Joedan Midwintee.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NE\VBURY. 17
It was unanimously ebsolved — That this council desires to express to the Mayor
and Citizens of the Town of Newburyport, Massachusetts, in the United States of
America, its hearty congratulations on the approaching celebration of the two
hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its Incorporation, recognizing its Municipality
as in some sort the offspring of this Ancient Borough, the past history of which
is so largely interwoven with that of the Parent Country.
That they desire to greet with hearty goodwill and sympathy the Municipality
of Newburyport, and to rejoice with them on the remarkable progress and pros
perity which, by the blessing of Providence, and the efforts of those enterprising
men who in the Seventeenth Century left their native land to found a new home
in the Western Continent, has attended their Corporate existence for so long a
period. That it is peculiarly gratifying to the Corporate Body and to the Inhabitants of
this Borough to know that a former Minister of this Town — the Rev'd Thomas
Parker, was one of the original Settlers at Newburyport, in the year 1634; and
that the name of a Rector of this Parish — the Rev'd Benjamin Woodbridge, occu
pies the first place on the List of Graduates of Harvard University, and very sin-
cerelj' do they trust that the Town of Newburyport may continue to flourish and
contribute many illustrious names to the Roll of American Worthies.
Resolved Fuethee: — That a Copy of these Resolutions, suitably engrossed, be
sealed with the Common Seal of the Corporation, signed by the Mayor, and for
warded to the Mayor of Newburyport by the Town Clerk.
William Hall, Mayor, [seal]
H. Buekb Godwin, Town Clerk.

Town Cleek's Office, '[
Newbuey, January 31, 1885. J
Sie : In obedience to a resolution of the Corporation of this Borough, passed at
a meeting held on the 13th instant, I have much pleasure in forwarding to you the
accompanying address to the Corporation of Newburyport, in connection with the
two hundred and flftieth anniversary of the settlement of Newbury, in the United
States of America ; and I beg you to accept my own best wishes for the future
prosperity of your city.
I am, sir, your obedient servant, H. BuEKE Godwin, Town Clerk.
To the Worshipful, the Mayor of Newburj'port, Massachusetts, U. S. A.
This address is elegantly and elaborately engrossed on parchment,
and ornamented with lettering and titles of red, blue and gold. It
has been placed in the archives of the city of Newburyport.
An invitation was sent October 22, 1884, to Hon. James Russell
Lowell, LL. D., then Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten
tiary to the Court of St. James, to give the oration. The following
letter was received in reply : Legation of the United States,)
London, 9th January, 1885. )
John J. Cueeiee, Esq.
Dear Sir : I regret very much that my delay in answering your letter of 23d
October, should have put you to any inconvenience. I laid it aside in the hope

18 TWO HU.VD3ED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
that my plans for the future might before long so far define themselves as to enable
me to decide whether it would be possible for me to accept your invitation. I am
still uncertain as to whether I shall bs at home during the summer, and therefore
thought it best to send you a telegram to say that I could not undertake the duty
you so kindly wished me to assume.
I felt highly honored by your choice of me to perform so important a function
in a celebration which deeply interests me in many ways, and, had I been at home,
nothing would have given me greater pleasure than to do my share in commemo
rating the men and the events that have given Newbury a not undistinguished
place of its own in the history of Massachusetts. But I find myself compelled by
circumstances, mainly of a private nature, to deny myself the great satisfaction
of being with you and claiming at least an ancestral right to show myself a duti
ful son of your ancient town.
I pray you to make my thanks aud regrets acceptable to the gentlemen asso
ciated with you in the management of the celebration,
Aud to believe me, very faithfully yours, J. R. Lowell.
Immediately on receiving the declination of Hon. Mr. Lowell, the
Committee on Literary Exercises made choice of Samuel Colcord Bart
lett, D. D., LL. D., President of Dartmouth College, and a lineal de
scendant of Richard Bartlett of Old Newbury, to give the oration.
The following is his letter of acceptance : Daetmouth College, >^
Hanovee, N. H., January 26, 1885. /
Messes. John J. Cueeiee, Chaieman, and A. W. Geeenleaf, Seceetaey .
Oentlemen : I have duly received your invitation to deliver an address before
the citizens of Newbury on the two hundred and flftieth anniversary, the latter
part of May or early in June next.
I thank you for the honor of the invitation, and accept it with pleasure.
In response to your kind offer to furnish information, I will ask you to place in
my hands such histories or historical sketches of the old town and its subdivisions
as may have been published — whatever will show its history down to the present
date — including the latest directory and a map.
I shall endeavor, as soon as the pressure of my engagements will admit — per
haps three weeks hence, or a little more — to make a visit of observation and in
quiry to Newburyport. Meanwhile I can make use of the documents.
Yours, very respectfully, S. C. Baktlett.
The Committee on Literary Exercises also invited Hon. George Lunt.
John G. Whittier, Mrs. R. S. Spofford, and Mrs. Louisa P. Hopkins to
write poems for the nnnivei-sary exercises. Mr. Lunt and ^Nlrs. Hop
kins accejited the invitation. ^Mr. Whittier responded with a letter to
be read at the dinner table, and Mrs. S))offord was un.able to comply

OF THE SETfLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 19
with the request, having previously accepted an invitation to write a
poem for the celebration at Rocky Hill, June 17, 1885.
The different committees found themselves greatly embarrassed in
forming their plans, from the fact that there was no financial basis on
which to build, and nothing definite could be determined until the
towns and the city in their corporate capacity had taken action. Late
in the spring of 1885 such action was taken, but the appropriations
asked for were not granted. It then became necessary to essentially
change the plan of the celebration.
A meeting of the Historical Society of Old Newbury was held at
the Public Library Building, Tuesday, April 21, 1885, and the follow
ing resolutions were unanimously adopted:
Wheebas, The committee appointed by the Historical Society of Old Newbury
have been unable to secure the active co-operation of the towns of Newbury and
West Newbury, and the city of Newburyport, in its proposed celebration of the
two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Old Newbury ; therefore
be it
Resolved, That the various committees already organized for that purpose be,
and hereby are, directed to perfect the arrangements for an address suitable to the
occasion, to be delivered in City Hall ; a public dinner with brief after-dinner
speeches from invited guests, and a reception and promenade concert in the evening,
all to be given under the auspices of the Historical Society of Old Newbury ; and
that the members and friends of this association, at home and abroad, as well as
the citizens generally, be invited to participate in the exercises of the day.
Resolved, That the Committee on Finance, appointed by the General Commit
tee, be authorized and instructed to solicit subscriptions from members and friends
of the society in aid of the funds needed to carry out the contemplated plans.
The following notice was issued by the Committee of Arrange
ments :
OBLEBEATION of the two HUNDEED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVEESAEY OF THB SETTLE
MENT OF NEWBUEY, MASS.
The Committee of Arrangements, appointed by the Historical Society of Old
Newbury, have decided upon the following programme of exercises for June 10,
1885, and respectfully invite the hearty co-operation of the descendants of the
early settlers of Newbury, wherever they may reside.
Samuel Colcord Bartlett, LL. D., President of Dartmouth College, will deliver
an address in City Hall, Newburyport, at half-past ten o'clock, a. m. A chorus of
voices under the direction of Mr. Norman McLeod of Newburyport, will render
some selections of music appropriate to the occasion.
A dinner at 3 o'clock, p. m., in a tent to be erected near the Upper Green,
(Oldtown) Newbury, (or elsewhere as may be hereafter decided upon), with
speeches from distinguished guests, will occupy the afternoon.

20 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
A reception and social reunion at City Hall in the evening, will close the exer
cises of the day.
The seats in the hall, for the literary exercises of the morning, will be free to
the public, except those that are reserved for subscribers to the fund in aid of this
celebration and for specially invited guests.
For the dinner, tickets of admission will be required. Only a limited number
will be issued, and they will be sold for one dollar each.
At a raeeting of the Committee on Finance, held April 21, 1885, it
was voted to raise the sum of one thousand dollars, and to ajipeal for
that purpose to the generous sons of Newbury, Newburyport and West
Newbury. That the contributors to the fund for which subscriptions
were solicited might be suitably recognized, it was voted that for
every five dollars contributed, a reserved seat at the exercises at City
Hall, at the dinner table, and a ticket to the evening's entertainment
should be furnished.
Mr. Philip H. Lunt was elected treasurer by the Executive Com
mittee, May 5, 1885.
The day appointed for the celebration, June 10, 1885, was in all re
spects most i^ropitious. The weather was simply perfect. Scarcely a
cloud appeared on the blue surface of the sky. The morning sun rose in
splendor and shed its brightest rays over river and field. A gentle
breeze from the southwest tempered its rays to the comfort of all who
walked the streets, and, although as the day advanced the heat in
creased somewhat, still at no time was it uncomfortably warm, and
throughout the day and evening the weather was all that could have
been desired.
By order of the Mayor, the bells of the various churches in the city
of Newburyport, w^ere rung at six o'clock in the raorning, at mid-day,
and at six o'clock in the afternoon.
At an early hour many farailiar faces were seen upon the streets:
countenances of sons and daughters of old Newbury who had returned
to the raother town to comnieraorate the two hundred and fiftieth an
niversary of its settlement. jMany strange faces too were seen, — of per
sons allied by othei- ties than those of birth to the ancient town, who
were eager to sh.'ire in the festivities and joys of the day. All naturally
trended to the City Hall, where the literary exercises were held.

EXERCISES m THE CITY HALL

EXEECISES IN THE CITY HALL.

At an early hour every seat in the hall, except those reserved for
subscribers and invited guests, was occupied. The large chorus com
posed of ladies and gentlemen from the three towns — Newbury, West
Newbury and Newburyport — under the direction of Mr. Norman
McLeod, of Newburyport, and an orchestra of twenty skilled musi
cians, under' the charge of Mr. T. M. Carter, of Boston, were provided
with seats upon the stage.
At half-past ten o'clock, a. m., the President of the Historical Society,
with the orator of the day, and the President of the Day with the of
ficiating clergymen, led the way from the Mayor and AldeiTuen's
room to the hall above, followed by the invited guests and the mem
bers of the literary committee.
The exercises opened with an overture, by the orchestra, entitled,
"Morning, Noon, and Night.'' At its close William Little, Esq., of
Newbury, President of the Historical Society of Old Newbury, spoke
as follows: ADDRESS OF WILLIAM LITTLE, ESQ.
Ladies mid Gentlenieyi:
In behalf of the Historical Society of Old Newbury it devolves upon
me to open the exercises of the day, to give a cordial greeting to all
who gather here to celebrate the natal day of the old town ; and it will
not be ina2:)propriate if I go back to the beginning and briefly indicate
the line under which the arrangements for the observance of the day
have been consummated. At a centennial celebration of our national
independence on the Ujiper Green in Newbury it was resolved to meet

24 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
at a future day on the Lower Green, the place, as most of you know, of
the original settlement in the town, inviting thereto all interested by
lineage, birth, residence, or otherwise, in the record of Old Newbury,
and there form a Historical Society. That meeting was held and the
society formed, and, as might be inferred, from its initial step, an i m-
portant part of its work was and now is to provide a channel of
intercourse, to increase acquaintanceship, and to cultivate fraternal
feelings between us who remain here and those of Newbury descent or
connection who had found homes elsewhere, for we felt like the re
maining child on an old homestead, bound by the highest social obliga
tions to exercise a generous hospitality w^henever a family gathering-
was in view, or when a single member, solitary and alone, desired to
^valk over the acres that his father had ploughed ; for in this inherited
inheritance we felt that there could be division without loss, nay, with
positive gain. "There is he who scattereth and yet increaseth, he that
withholdeth more than is meet and it tendeth to poverty ;" and may I
not express the belief that a fit expression and an apt illustration of
this will be found in the selection of the orator of the day.
Prompted by these views, urged on by these feelings, we have looked
forward to the present year with interest, and early resolved that some
comraeraoration should be made of its historic importance ; and at our
annual meeting, January, 1884, action was taken, inviting, also, co-oper
ation from the city of Newburyport and the towns of West Newbury
and Newbury. These invitations were cordially accepted, proper com
mittees apjjointed, and some preliminary action taken : but when this
present year it was found that through a technical and probably cor
rect interpretation of the law of this State no funds would be raised by
either of these sub-divisions of the old town to meet the expenses of
the day, the necessity of some change in the arrangements became ob
vious to all. To meet this need the Historical Society at once came
forward and assumed the whole responsibility of the celebration, and
still desirous of retaining connection with the city and towns as far as
possible, retained in service all committees already appointed. But
whatever changes have been in our arrangements we do not \vish to
have it understood that they have been at a loss, in view of the inter
est or value of the day. If by them we have made less effort at out
ward ilisplay, then the better the opportunity to do our work on a line
more legitimate and appropriate to the object in view, and thus seek to
especially draw those who are in sympathy with the subject and the
occasion, who are true to old Newbury, its instincts and traditions-
true to the township system of New England, who appreciate and value
local and family historic incidents and associations, and see in their

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY'. 25
collection and preservation a powerful factor in developing that feeling
of personal responsibility without which no government " of the people,
by the people, and for the people " can endure. In our efforts in this
direction we believe we have met with decided success, that he who
stands on this platform today will face an audience (to use an old Eng
lish phrase in its higher and better American form) loyal to town, to
state, to nation, and to God, and this we pledge to you today, sir, in
water sparkling and bright from Bartlett spring. And now to those
who frora beyond our confines have gathered with us here today and
add by their presence to the grace, interest and character of the occa
sion, it is my duty, and more my pleasure, in behalf of the Historical
Society of Old Newbury, — nay more, as I now believe, in behalf of
Old Newbury itself — to bid you a cordial welcome ; and I would that
the words that drop from my lips could fully and fairly express the
emotions of our hearts that prompt their utterance. Welcome then to
our fields won from the forests by the hard toil of your fathers and of
ours ! Welcome to our streets, our schools, our churches, to all our
public institutions, founded as many of them were by their wise fore
cast, sustained in early years by their prudent care, and bequeathed to
us as priceless legacies to be guarded, sustained and transmitted to the
latest generation. Welcorae to our homes, to our old roof-trees that
seem even now to re-echo to the gladsome shouts of families of children
(oftimes half a score or more in number) who yet have long since
passed through the " seven ages of man " and been laid away at rest.
Welcome to our hearthstones, to the old hearthstones graced and honored
as they were by mothers, who as you and I well know, as true, as noble as
ever ou the face of the earth held babe to breast ; and go stand on the
green hill-sides where, in sorrow and tears, was left all that was mortal
of them, and think of how much of all you are, all you have enjoyed,
all you hope to be is due to their patient work, their high rectitude and
their willing sacrifice. Welcome to one ! welcome to all ! no matter
how low, no matter how fallen, no matter how cast down, if the blood
of old Newbury flows in your veins, then this to us today " shall gentle
your condition," and if you are not of our lines and lineage but are
here to do honor and to show your regard for the old town, then for
you a right royal welcome, too !
I cannot close without adverting to a sentiment in which I know all
hearts here beat in unison. It is that of gratitude to that benign
Providence who from the "handful of corn cast in the wilderness "
two hundred and fifty years ago has given an increase of more than
thirty, more than sixty, more than a hundred fold. Therefore, in view
of this, and of this audience here assembled, of the thousands near and

26 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
far whose eyes are turned hither and whose hearts are with us today ;
of the tens of thousands scattered from ocean to ocean in happy homes,
and leading useful lives, whose ascending lines converge and meet
here, may we not with propriety congratulate ourselves that those words
of one of the most gifted, perhaps the most cultured blade that ever
sprang from this "corn," "A race of nobles may die out,
A royal line may leave no heir ;
Wise nature sets no guards about
Her pewter plate and wooden ware,"
have no application to those who, broad and deep, laid the foundations
of Old Newbury.
In conclusion, we wish to have it understood that we appreciate the
sentiment conveyed, and today we intend to win the compliment im
plied in the line from the book so revered by our fathers- — " Thou hast
kept the good wine until now ;" — ^therefore, with pleasure only, do I
now retire, naming as officers of the day the Hon. John James Currier,
president, and Albert W. Greenleaf, secretary.
At the conclusion of Mr. Little's address the following chorus —
"The Heavens are Telling," — from "The Creation," by Haydn, was
sung. ohoeus.
The heavens are telling the glory of God,
The wonder of His work displays the firmament.
TEIO.
Today that is coming, speaks it the day.
The night that is gone to following night.
TEIO.
In all the lands resounds the word,
Never unperceived, ever understood.
CHORUS.
The heavens are telling the glory of God,
The wonder of His work displays the firmament.
The President of the Day, Hon. John Jaraes Currier, of Newbury
port, then said: ADDRESS OP HON. JOHN J. CURRIER.
Ladies mid Gaitlemen-, Siriis mid Daughters of Old Newhury :
Your j)resence here, in such goodly nurabers, frora towns near and
far remote, is an assurance that you still feel a deep and abiding inter
est in the events we meet to commemorate, and that the love of kindred

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEW^BURY. 27
and of home has not lost its place or power in your hearts. I trust that
the renewal of old ties of friendship, and the sight of old familiar
scenes will bring you into full sympathy with the spirit and purpose of
this occasion, and that the words of the orator, — who is soon to address
you, — recalling the half forgotten past, will increase and strengthen
your love and affection for the old town, and lead you to a closer
and more intimate acquaintance with its early local history and later
social life. Since the first settlement on the banks of the river Parker,
two hundred and fifty years ago, the love of adventure and the pursuit
of wealth or fame has tempted many, born and nurtured here, to seek
a more active and busy life in distant states and foreign lands. To
every corner of the habitable globe they have wandered, and one es
pecially, known to you all, has passed long and weary months of suffer
ing and privation amid the snow and ice of the Polar seas. But
wherever they may be, today, our hearts go out to meet them. To the
absent we send fraternal greetings, while with outstretched hands we
welcome, in the cordial words already spoken, those who have come
back like pilgrims to the old ancestral home.
As friends, neighbors, kinsmen, we have gathered here to commem
orate events that gave to the town of Newbury a corporate existence
and a name. May 6, 1635, the General Court of the Colony of Massa
chusetts Bay appointed a board of commissioners to set out the bounds
between Ipswich and Quascacunquen, and at the same time ordered
that the new plantation should be called Newbury. July 8th of the
same year a tax for public uses was levied upon all the towns in the
colony, and Newbury's proportion of that assessment was fixed at eight
pounds sterling. Between these two dates it is probable that the first
settlers built their rude homes on the river Parker, and soon after
erected the first church, established the first school, and thus laid the
foundation of the civilization we now enjoy. Reverently and devoutly
with voice of prayer and song of praise they entered upon the work
before them, and we their descendants commemorating their virtues,
are prompted in like manner to invoke, upon our proceedings here to
day, the blessing of God. I ask your attention, therefore, while prayer
is offered by Rev. Francis W. Sanborn, pastor of the first church estab
lished in Newbury.
Rev. Mr. Sanborn then offered the following prayer :
PRAYER OF REV. FRANCIS W. SANBORN.
Almighty and everlasting God! who ever abidest with them who
have faith in Thee ; Thou who art ever waiting to give light to them
who love the light : we ask that this day, by Thy blessing, may bring

28 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
enlightenment to our minds, and that we may come today into contact
with the history of the past, in such a spirit, that its good lessons may
be inspiration to us in the future. We acknowledge that all the good
which this town has ever enjoyed is from Thee. We thank Thee for
the eminent men whose leadership this town has enjoyed; for men of
commanding intellect; for men of high moral purposes: and we thank
Thee for the many families where that which is good has been loved
and the truth honored. We praise Thee for vast numbers of true and
good lives and for that divine influence and power whioh has been seen
in every generation since this town began. We thank Thee that Thou
hast given this people so high a grade of Christian civilization; that in
so many homes there has been pure and affectionate trust toward one
another ; and that the life of the people in its general drift has been so
much influenced by those things which God has given to make morals
good and men loyal to God. We thank Thee for the power of the
Christian religion. Grant that the time may never come when the
Christian religion shall have less power than it has today. Through it,
wilt Thou make good citizens for our town and leaders in all that is
good. May this day teach us, each one, those things which shall make
us pure, earnest and godly men. We ask this for the sake of Jesus
Christ, our Lord. Amen.
The national hymn "To Thee, O, Country," set to music by Eich-
berg, was then sung by the chorus, with orchestral accompaniment.
The words of the hymn are as follows:
To thee, O country, great and free.
With trusting hearts we cling ;
Our voices tuned by joyous love.
Thy power and praises sing.
Upon thy mighty, faithful heart.
We lay our burden down ;
Thou art the only friend who feels
Their weight without a frown.
For thee we daily work and strive.
To thee we give our love ;
For thee with fervor deep we pray,
To Him who dwells above.
O God, preserve our fatherland,
Let peace its ruler be,
And let her hap]\y kingdom stretch
From north to southmost sea.

OF THE SETTLESIENT OF NEWBURY. 29
Rev. Daniel T. Fiske, D. D., pastor of the Belleville Congregational
church of Newburyport, then read the following selections from scrip
ture, found in Psalm XLiv: 1 — 3; Psalm uxxx: 1, 2, 8 — 11; Psalm
cxLv: 3 — 7, 13; and also I. Chronicles, xxix: 11 — 13.
We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us, what work thou
didst in their days, in the times of old.
How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them ; how
thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out.
For they got not the land in possession by their own sword, neither did their
own arm save them ; but thy right hand, and thine arm, and the light of thy
countenance, because thou hadst a favor unto them.
Give ear, 0 Shepherd of Israel, thou that leadest Joseph like a flock ; thou that
dwellest between the cherubim, shine forth.
Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh stir up thy strength, and come and
save us.
Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt : thou hast cast out the heathen, and
planted it.
Thou preparedst room before it, and didst cause it to take deep root, and it filled
the land.
The hills were covered with the shadow of it, and the boughs thereof were like
the goodly cedars.
She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river.
Great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised ; and his greatness is unsearchable.
One generation shall praise thy works to another, and shall declare thy mighty
acts. I will speak of the glorious honor of thy majesty, and of thy wondrous works.
And men shall speak of the might of thy terrible acts : and I will declare thy
greatness. They shall abundantly utter the memory of thy great goodness, and shall sing
of thy righteousness.
Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and thy dominion endureth throughout
all generations.
Thine, O Lord, is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory,
and the majesty : for all that is in the heaven and in the earth is thine : thine is
the kingdom, O Lord, and thou art exalted as head above all.
Both riches and honor come of thee, and thou reignest over all ; and in thine
hand is power and might ; and in thine hand it is to make great, and to give
strength unto all.
Now, therefore, our God, we thank thee, and praise thy glorious name.
The Bible used on this occasion was a copy of the rare "Breeches
Bible," printed in 1557, and was kindly loaned to the Committee on
Literary Exercises by Miss Elizabeth G. Hoyt, of Chelsea, a lineal de
scendant of the Bartletts who settled at Bartlett's Cove, in Newbury,
in 1635. The names of several raembers of that faraily, with the dates

30 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
of their birth, from 1610 to 1624, are inscribed upon the pages of this
ancient Bible.
The hymn " Pilgrims and Wanderers," composed for the two hun
dredth anniversary of the settlement of Newbury by the late Hon.
George Lunt, and set to original music for this occasion by Norman
McLeod, was then sung by the chorus:
Over the mountain wave
See where they come ;
Storm-cloud and wintry wind
Welcome them home ;
Yet where the sounding gale
Howls to the sea.
There their song peals along.
Deep-toned and free : —
Choeus. — Pilgrims and wanderers.
Hither we come ;
Where the free dare to be,
This is our home I
England has sunny dales —
Dearly they bloom,
Scotia has heather-hills.
Sweet their perfume.
Yet through the wilderness
Cheerful we stray,
Native land — native land,
Home, far away ;
Chorus. — Pilgrims and wanderers, &c.
Dim grew the forest-path.
Onward they trod ;
Firm beat their noble hearts
Trusting in God!
Gray men and blooming maids.
High rose their song,
Hear it sweep, clear and deep.
Ever along ;
Choeus. — Pilgrims and wanderers, &c.
Not theirs the glory-wreath
Torn by the blast ; —
Heavenward their holy steps, —
Heavenward they past ;
Green be their mossy graves !
Ours be their fame.
While their song peals along.
Ever the same ;
Choeus. — Pilgrims and wanderers, &c.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 31
President Currier then said :
Ladies aud Geiitlemen: A poem, written at the request of the Com
mittee on Literary Exercises, by a native and former resident of New
buryport, will now be read, and it is with great pleasure that I intro
duce to you the author, Mrs. Louisa Parsons Hopkins, of New Bedford
— a descendant of the Parsons, Gyles and Stone families of Old New
bury — who has won for herself a reputation not unworthy of her dis
tinguished ancestors. ODE BY MRS. LOUISA P. HOPKINS.
I.
As when from some rich-freighted bark
That sails beyond us to the dark
To join an out-bound argosy.
We catch the parting melody
Over the dim horizon's verge, —
A friend's farewell, a poet's dirge, —
So swells his harp's harmonious strain
Who sung of yore and skigs again.
The minstrel"" whose exultant lay
Breathed forth your earlier festal day.
Hallowed by his own youthful lyre.
Which ne'er has lost its pristine fire.
Death's sacred grove was consecrate;t
Its plaintive cadence trembles still
Above that silent vale and hill
Where now, — so late, —
He, of that gentler generation last.
To laurelled shades hath passed ;
Yea, with his swan-song on his lips,
He met life's sunset-cloud's eclipse.
For while he kindly stayed to sing
Death's angel plumed her soft white wing,
And old companions greeted him, and led
To the more populous city of the dead.
The flowing numbers we may hear no more
Seem to re-echo from that further shore.
All eloquent with spirit-voices sweet,
That through his notes repeat
Their loyalty and love our filial hearts to greet.

The elder generations, pioneers
Of the eventful years !

*Hon. George Lunt.
|He wrote the hymn of dedication of Oak Hill Cemeteiy.

32 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
Noble were they and true, of cultured thought
With ceremony sweet, refinement pure, —
A type which through all hazards must endure,
And into various circumstance be wrought.
O, not for sordid greed.
Nor for the transient meed
Of the world's empty praise they lived and died,
But with heroic aim
And God-ward eye they came
To plant Truth's fertile seed.
With steadfast heart to do their faithful deed.
And our inheritance so glorified.
III.
Fain would we wander back
Along that shining track.
Their honored names with grateful bays entwine
And trace the thread of that immortal line.
But in the church-yard green
Their reverend names are seen ;
The multitudinous chorus of the birds
Pours out love's winged words.
The dear memorial chaplets of the trees
Are spread upon their graves
'Mid summer's emerald waves, —
Waftage of each caressing breeze ;
Even their dust blooms out in beauteous forms.
The golden sunshine warms
And vivifies their bodily elements
To resurrection's glorious intents.
The lily and the rose
Earth's lavish powers of alchemy disclose.
Kind nature clothes again
The dust of mortal men.
And e'en death's crumbling cerement, lent
To beauty's use, with all June's loveliness is blent.
IV.
Successive seasons sing for them
Undying requiem :
Sweet chants of Spring, anthems of Summer's psalm
Of Autumn's riper calm.
With selahs deep of infinite repose
In Winter's shrouding snows.
So gathered to our fathers we would lie
Kindred beneath Heaven's starry canopy.
Perchance some recognition stirs their dust
As we commit new treasures to their trust ;
Perchance they hear again the ocean's rote
Roll up the valley from the harbor's throat

OF TIIE SETTLEMENT OF NEWlii:RY. 33
When billows wild careen
The sand-dunes' amber sheen.
Or feel the salt wind of the marshes sweep
Through the encampment of their peaceful sleep.
They loved Old Newbury's pleasant vales and slopes,
And built their mighty hopes
Upon the solid granite of her hills ;
Her river-falls, torrents of snow-fed rills
And crystal springs, their clear, pure lives expressed.
And to high tasks their willing hands addressed.

By this fair land they moored their bark to raise
Unwavering hymn of praise.
They came, so simply the quaint records tell,
"Prom England's stately homes" they loved full well.
"For conscience and religion's sake," to dwell
"Amid this wilderness," by God's good grace,
To rear in Quascucunquen,* Newbury'st race.
This goodly land, sea-fronting levels wide.
Their earnest gaze espied.
Ripe for the planting of a continent ;
So to God's purposes obedient
They occupied the hill-side and the plain, —
The Old World's golden grain
Of manhood to God's vaster granaries come, —
They grasped the riotous main,
The lordly Merrimack they held in fief
For freedom's full relief,
And opened sluice-ways through the realms of time
For destinies sublime.
VI.
Now the rich centuries have come and gone.
That undiminished heritage moves on.
O'er white sierras and the prairied lea.
From torrid gulf to grand Pacific sea.
Round the lake's mighty chain,
Broadcast they scatter Truth's replete seed-grain.
•Fresh airs they carry from the clime they love
Where'er their feet may rove.
The strong winds of our coast accumulate
To conquer stubborn fate.
Our rock-ribbed sands and salt waves' vigor pure
Transmuted to the soul that can endure.

*Indianname of Newbury.
tSo named from ihe Englisli home of some of the settlers

34 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
In the far-seeing thought and cultured brain
Our clear, deep skies remain.
The eager pulse and close-knit fibre's strain
Our native stock maintain.
And Newbury's tide of life-blood roll
With her last hero'* to the baffling pole.
VII.
Ah ! backward for a few short years we turn
To deck their votive urn —
Heroes of Sixty-one !
Whose regal expiation done.
For freedom the eternal years have won.
With banners graced and garlands fair.
Their fame be still their country's care.
So glorious the race they run.
But in fond hearts their precious memory hid
Swell the hot tears unbid.
That all our deathless love and pride attest,
— Ah me ! how cherished and how blest
Their martyr-rest. —
They sweetly sleep while in new veins
The fine heroic blood remains.
Their fresh hearts burned with fires
Kindled by patriot-sires ;
In them the fathers rose
To conquer freedom's foes.
Now on the altar of their sacrifice
We dedicate our children's children, wise
To give the past's best gifts to future centuries.
VIII.
So in our country's history
A strong posterity
Shall shape the mould of liberty's new birth ;
Her builders still shall rear the towers of earth.
Through all their fruitful line.
Branches of one rich vine.
The fathers' lives have wrought
A priceless legacy :
Transmitted power, organic will and thought.
The child reveals the grandsire, each brain-cell
The true ancestral prophecy shall tell;
Some subtile trick of maimer or of speech
The pedigree shall teach ;
The dead still speak in voices fresh and young.
Each sequent generation finds a tongue.

*Lieut. A. W. Greely.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 35
IX.
We bless the saints who prayed for us,* so we
Would pray for our unborn posterity.
And to our heirs bequeath
Soul-powers transcending death —
The right divine of true heredity.
Through us descend clear spiritual sight.
Enlightened mind still to discern the right.
Obedient will to do, endurance sweet, —
God's staff for trembling feet ;
Unwavering faith, as seeing the unseen.
Knowing on whom we have believed,
Not comprehending all His mysteries mean.
Yet on his grace to lean,
Freely we ask to give as freely we received.
X.
We build today upon a larger plan
The coming man.
The ancient race to higher outlook strides.
On broader seas our ship at anchor rides ;
The age's fashion
Still clothes afresh Truth's fair ideal.
And each great aim made real
Lifts faith and work to loftier heights of passion.
Nor we, mayhap, may grasp the span
Of our last harvesting, the seed
To crown the future with exalted deed
Not yet is sifted by Time's winnowing-fan.
Haply the poet's dream shall hold.
And nature's age of gold
Complete the cycle of humanity.
When the full time is ripe.
Is born the perfect type ;
God's plan evolves the race that is to be, —
When all the soul-activities are free
And life's full chord is perfect harmony.
XI.
But while the generations fall asleep.
Sow the good seed ye reap.
BuUd on the old foundations firm and sure
The virtues that endure ;
Revere the ancient rule
Of church and school ;
Lift the proud pile by each well-tempered tool.

*IleT. Jona. Parsons obsei-red an annual day of fasting and prayer for his posterity.

36 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
And, though to vast expansions grown.
Integrity be still the corner stone —
Honor and purity alone
Rear its proportions true,
While faith shall round the dome
Up to the spheric blue.
There strong-winged Hope shall fly
Through widening arcs of love's refulgent sky,
In that grand temple all our growing race
Shall gather face to face
In their eternal home, —
For Thou, O Lord, hast been our dwelling-place.
After the reading of the ode by Mrs. Hopkins, President Curriei
said: Ladies and Gentlernen: — Standing here today, surrounded by the
comforts of modern civilization, it is difficult to realize the suffering
and privation endured by those who planted their homes in this wilder
ness in 1635. It is especially desirable on this occasion that we should
turn our thoughts backward to the events that have made the past
memorable in our local history, and briefly review the lives and char
acters of those who have given strength and stability to our institu
tions. With this object in view the committee of arrangements have
invited a distinguished descendant of one of the old Newbury families
to address you. By ties of kinship as well as by scholarly acquire
ments he is qualified to speak to you upon the topic that is today of
special and peculiar interest to you all. I have the honor to introduce
to you Samuel Colcord Bartlett, President of Dartmouth College.
When the applause that greeted this announcement had subsided.
President Bartlett, advancing to the front of the platform, proceeded
to deliver the following historical address, which was listened to with
great interest during its delivery, and warmly applauded at its close :
ADDRESS OF SAMUEL COLCORD BARTLETT, D. D. LL. D.
Ladies and GtritUmen:
On the twenty-ninth of December, 1684, the town of
Agawam consented " that John Perkms, junior, should
build a weir on the river Quascacunquen." But " in case
a plantation should there settle, he is to submit himself
to such conditions a? shall by them be imposed."
This proviso was a prophecy. Already the eye of the

OF THE SETfLEMENT OE NEWBURY. 37
colonist was fixed upon the spot. The praises of the
place had been sounded in the mother country. One
William Wood had returned to England in 1G33, after
four years' residence in Massachusetts, and published in
London, "A true, lively and experimental description of
that part of Araerica commonly called New England."
In his review of all the settlements, actual and prospec
tive, he reserves his choicest for the last. "Agawam," he
says, "is the best place but one, which is Merrimack, lying
eight miles beyond it, where is a river twenty leagues
navigable. All along the river are fresh marshes, in some
places three miles broad. In this liver is sturgeon, salmon
and bass, and divers other kinds of fishes. To conclude,
the country hath not that which this place doth not yield."
His Merrimack was our Newbury. And while his meas
urements may be assigned to that part of his narrative
which he calls "lively," his report of the general excel
lence of the site belongs to that part which may be
termed " true." We know the place as it was two hun
dred and fifty years ago. A miscellaneous growth of
trees — alder, poplar, pine, white oak and hickory, stretched
across the township. The streams on its borders so
abounded in fish that the sturgeon gave name to the Mer
rimack. The harbor was inviting and ample for the small
craft of the times. The general level, varied with hill
and easy slope, offered a wide range of fertile " meadow,
marsh and upland." Green islands dotted the bosom of
the Merrimack and skirted the harbor. The northward.
outlook from the hill-tops terminated with the round sum
mit of Agamenticus, while eastward the glistening waters
of the ocean stretched boundlessly away. Blackbirds,

38 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
woodpeckers, jays and crows filled the air with their notes.
Wolves prowled around, and foxes, red and siJver-grey,
ranged the fields and forests. For a century yet was the
straggling moose to be shot on the northern bank of the
Merrimack, and wandering wild geese killed on Plum
Island; while later still the occasional bear crossed Ilsley's
hill, and the wild deer hurried through the streets of
West Newbury to the woods of Cape Ann. " Great Tom
the Indian" now had his wigwam by Indian Hill, "John
Indian" apparently near "the Lower Green," and John
Perkins, no doubt, was tending his fish-traps on the
Quascacunquen. Such was the sylvan scene. Meanwhile a band of set
tlers was wintei'ing in Agawam, and waiting only for the
spring, to disturb the solitude of John Perkins, and in
due time to buy out all the "right, title and interest" held
by Great Tom and his congeners in the "woods, com
mons and lands" of old Newburv.
The township names of this whole region around us-be-
tray the origin of its colonists. In a narrow belt that
stretches across the southern counties of England, lie the
towns of Newbury, Salisbury, Mai-lboro, Amesbury and
Bradford ; while in another belt, some forty miles to the
north, are the towns of Ipswich, Haverhill, Byfield and
Hampton. It marks the affectionate memories still cling
ing to the mother land, that these became names of the
new homes beyond the ocean, and were, most of them,
again transplanted to the hills of New Hampshire and
Vei'inont. The ninety-one first proprietors — not all first settlers —
of Newbuiy, were a colony complete and well equipped.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OP NEWBURY. 39
They I'epresented the best working forces of southern
England. There were two scholarly ministers, several
land owners and men of property, two or three merchants,
"yeomen," carpenters, tanners, wheelwrights, blacksmiths,
shoemakers, weavers,, a physician, a sea-captain and mate,
a cooper, a saddler, a dyer, even a glover, and — last but
not least — a maltster. Old families of England were rep
resented in some of their younger branches, who had
turned Puritan and come hither to seek their fortunes.
The University of Oxford, which lies just midway be
tween Newbury and Byfield in England, — thirty miles
from each, — contributed its share in the persons of Thomas
Parker and James Noyes, — the one a student of Magda
len, the other of Brazennose college, — the former beai'ing
the reputation of eminent scholarship, the latter "well
skilled in Greek, and well read in the Schoolmen and
Fathers." Such was the goodly company, of which the first band
— some twenty-three in number, with their families —
might have been seen one morning in the spring of 16155
sailing through Plum Island sound and up Parker rivei',
to a spot on the northern bank, a hundred rods below the
present bridge. And .there Nicholas Noyes first leaped
on shore.
Unfortunately the men who make history seldom wi-ite
it. Of the new experiences and stirring events, one char
acteristic fact alone is handed down. On a Sunday, per
haps in June, we might have seen them gathered beneath
a spreading oak to listen to a sermon on church polity
and disci])line, then joining in solemn covenant, and, by
vote of the uplifted hand, electing Thoraas Parker and

40 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
James Noyes their pastor and teacher. All the stir of
active life began at once: a meeting-house erected and a
house for the ministers, house-lots assigned within a
half-mile of the raeeting-house, planting lots, meadow
lots, and a great tract for pasturage laid out, an ordinary
licensed, and, before the year's end, the birth of Mary
Brown, the first white child.
With the assembling of the Long Parliament in 16i0
and the impeachment of Strafford and Laud, all emigra
tion ceased. But Old Newbury had now becorae a well
organized settlement, with its mill at the Falls and its
ferry at Carr's Island, with its town-meetings and fines
for non-attendance, its seven men or selectmen, its con
stables and highway surveyors, its physician exempt from
taxes, its schoolmaster, its public notary and register, its
merchants, its herdsmen, haywards and shipmaster, its
pound for stray cattle and its stocks for bad men, its sen
tinels to stand guard " with arms complete " during church
service, and its politics so high that ten of its freemen
footed it forty miles to Cambridge to elect John Win
throp governor and defeat Henry Yane. It was the au
spicious beginning of an intelligent, active and thriving
community. They gi-appled at once with the new work
of their changed condition, and I'apidly cleared themselves
of the bondage of the past. It is difiicult for us to con
ceive the vast transition from the humdrum of stereotyped
village life in England to the bustle and whirl of a new
colony in America. It was a forth-putting in every line of
action and of legislation. The early records tell the tale
of incessant, i;tuiltifarious enterprise — the busy hum of the
young swarm in the new hive. It is a story of grants.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 41
boundaries, taxes, exemptions, farms, mills, bridges,
wharves, highways, and ordinaries, offei's to capitalists and
settlers, encouragement to ])hysicians and school-masters,
to fishermen and tanners, provision for the poor, care of the
public lands and timber, and bounties on the birds and
beasts destructive to flocks and crops, and the universal
oversight of the public morals. Nothing was beyond the
range of the town meeting and the selectmen. But the
church and the school were the pet themes.
With what loving minuteness did ihey legislate on the
location of the meeting-house, the pay of the minister,
the construction of the galleries, the admission of pews,
the seating of all the worshijjpei'S, the purchase of a bell,
the choice of a bell-man and the sending of a boy to tell
him when to ring the first and second bells, with a flag to
be hung out at the first aiid taken in at the second, the
tolling of the bell till the minister comes, the nine o'clock
bell at night, the winging down of the principal seats af
ter sweeping, the appointment of a precentor to "tune
the psalm," and even the seat he should occupy, — " the
fore seat in the south body" — the employment of tything
men to see that all the families "attend the public wor
ship of God." and, alas, to keep the boys in order when
there. And with what strenuous and pei'sistent earnest
ness did they maintain the graver matters of religion and
the church.
And next the church in their thoughts lay the school.
One of the first ministers was the first schoolmaster. In
three yeai's carae Anthony Soraerby, encouraged "to keep
school for one year" by the grant of " four acres of up
land and six acres of salt marsh." Symbolically enough

42 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
the school was first kept in the meeting-house, then for a
time in the watch-house, then in private i'esidences, and
at length in the school-house proper. The successive
bargains with the schoolmaster and with the Latin school
master, provision for a school-house, a "free school," a
grammar school, and (in 1694) " for the accommodation
of a good and sufficient school dame," — and the like — are
prominent matters of town record throughout the history.
These early lecords are not wanting in quaintness.
When Captain Paul White was granted half an acre of
land "provided he do build a dock and warehouse," the
town "gi'anteth no liberty of freehold or commonage
upon it, and if he shall hereafter sell it, the town shall
have the forsaking of it;" and the description of the half-
acre was this: "At the end of Fish street joyneing to
Merrimack river on the northwest, and from the river by
the great rocks in a strait line to a stake by the way, and
frora that stake to another stake westerly by another
great rock, and from a stake running over part of the
rock upon a strait lyne westward to another stake by the
rock." Notwithstanding this precariousness of tenure and am
biguity of descrii^tion. Captain White built the dock and
got the land. And nigh two centuries before the coining
or imagining of the phrase " woman's rights," a coroner's
jury of twelve women held an inquest over Elizabeth.
Hunter, and they declared " according to their best light
and contiens that the death of said Elizabeth, was not by
any wrong or violence done to her by any parson or thing,
but by some sudden stopping of her breath."
Our fathers had their incidental peculiarities. But

OF THE SEITLEJIENT OF NEWBURY. 43
these have in later days been dragged out into enormous
and often exclusive prominence. Our ancestors were men
and women like ourselves, but I think better and nobler,
more just and conscientious, raore earnest and true. They
had as clear heads, live hearts and tender sympathies as
we. They had their virtues and imperfections; but the
virtues were substantial, the imperfections superficial.
Newbury was not an Arcadia. It had its troubles. There
was in 1639 " much disturbance in the public meeting by
reason of divers speaking at one and the same time."
Offenders were not wanting. One man was fined for
selling strong water without a license, another for suffer
ing five Indians to be drunk at his house, a third for sell
ing Indians liquor on the Lord's day. This man was put
in the stocks foi' abusive carriage to his wife and child;
that man was presented for reproachful speeches cast on
the elders and others at a public church meeting, and
one woman was presented foi' "using leproachful lan-
guage unto Goody Silver," "base lying divell, base lying
tode." One of the chief proprietors was " bound over in
sixty-six pcumds, thirteen shillings and sixpence for con
temptuous speech and carriage to Mr. Saltonstall.'' Nay
the wife of Joseph Swett was presented and fined for
wearing a silk hood and scarf when her husband was
woi'th less than two hundred pounds, though it is griev
ous to relate that four other wives, whose husbands were
worth more than two hundred pounds, wei'e by law per
mitted to fiaunt in all the silken gorgeousness of hood and
scarf. Such sumptuary laws as this, however, came down
from England under Elizabeth, and all the influence of
the magistrate could not keep them alive.

44 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
Their peculiarities were often not peculiar. Some of
them were but the univei'sal stain of the age, not all
washed out in the ocean voyage, but soon to fade away.
Our fathers had cleared themselves at a bound from such
a mass of the exuviae of the mother country, that the few
remaining spots have attracted the world's attention by
the very contrast. Some of the peculiarities were but an
intense recoil from the mummeries of an effete religion
and from all its outward badges. The cross on the king's
colors was to them the "relique of anti-Christian super
stition." The organ long seemed to them as they had
seen it used, a papistical device. They were slow to ad
mit what they called dumb-reading of the scriptures, that
is, reading without comment, because associated in their
minds with the unintelligent readings and recitings of
Romanism. They had come out of the thick of the bat
tle, and these things seemed to them as the stars and bars
seemed to a Union soldier after years of hard and bloody
warfare. These things had become to them the very
badge and banner of a ruinous superstition, and they re
coiled from them with an intensity almost like that with
which their posterity recoiled from using or permitting to
use the petty stamps which marked their subjection to a
despotic power beyond the ocean.
But there are two famous topics connected with the
region, on which I wish to say that vastly too much has
been said already; and that much of the censure has been
as one-eyed and heedless as much of the concession and
defence has been mistaken and needless. I refer to the
mattei' of Quakers and witches. Here the blame for the
boundless sins of the ages and nations has been brought

OF THE SETTLEJIENT OF NEWBURY. 45
and laid at the door, so to speak, of infinitesimal and
transient sinners, repentant too; and so the accumulated
vials of wrath have been poured out on the least of all
the offenders. There was grave wrong-doing. But it is
time that the blows dealt were proportioned to the offence
and the offenders.
Old Newbury, indeed, never had witch nor Quaker
hung. But it is true that seventeen witnesses bore testi
mony against Elizabeth Morse as a witch, and that she
was condemned, reprieved, and barely saved. It is also
trae that Newbury men were fined for entertaining Qua
kers. But it is fair to remember that in the same year in
which John Emery was fined four pounds for this last of
fence, and Lydia Wardwell, the Quakeress, was severely
whipped, the same Lydia Wardwell had already presented
herself naked in the meeting-house at Newbury. And if
the young colony, in its weakness, by law excluded a con
flicting and at that time disorderly element from its nar
row precincts, wherein was the governraent more blame
worthy than the Congress of these United States, which
in the hour of greatness and strength, and with two hun
dred years of additional light, today prohibits Chinese
laborers from entering this broad land. And when on
the fourth of March, in the year of our Lord 1885, the
President of the L^nited States declares to the nation that
"these prohibitory laws must be rigidly enforced," and
the listening multitude applaud with cheer upon cheer,
what has the nineteenth century to say to the seventeeth?
When, therefore, an English historian of our time goes out
of his way to reraark that "the Puritans fleeing from per
secution to New England, put people to death for no

46 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNH'ERSARY
other crime than that they preached doctrines differing
frora their own," we will not raise the question whether it
was solely for opinion's sake, nor will we dilate on the
persistent eagerness that I'ushed upon martyi'dora, nor will
we frame an apology. Yet we will turn and ask him if
he knows how extensive was the martyrdom, and how it
compares with similar scenes in modern history. For the
imagination reverts at once to the hundred thousand vic
tims burned, strangled, beheaded, and buried alive in the
Netherlands by order of the illustrous Charles Fifth; to
the thirty thousand lives destroyed and the 290,000 sav
age punishments inflicted in Spain by the Inquisition be
fore the end of that century; to the Auto-da-fe at Lis
bon, a century after the Quaker delusion, where fifty her
etics were put to death at one festivity; or perhaps to
"Merrie England" with its tortures and fires, and its
hundreds of victims dragged to death solely for opinion's
sake; — and we ask again, how many were the Quaker
martyi's in the whole history of Massachusetts? They
were just four, all told. And these were just four too
many. But the law itself had been enacted by the ma
jority of a single vote,
And when we speak of the witchcraft delusion, it is
possible for us to be somewhat deluded too. Our fore
fathers' folly was but a drop in the bucket, or rather in the
river, of infatuation that had been streaming down upon
them from the past, and was sweeping by them into the
future. It was incorporated in literature, embodied in the
law, and entrenched in the religious belief of the ages.
There was at that very time, and for forty years more, a
law on the statute book of England, defining carefully

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 47
the crime of witchcraft, and making the penalty "death
without benefit of clergy." The number of witches exe
cuted in England during the first eighty years of that
century, has been estimated at foi'ty thousand,* of whom
three thousand were destroyed in the time of the Long
Parliament alone. Witches were officially executed in
Great Britain a quarter of a century, and in Gerraany a
full century, after the last execution in New England.
And now in this mass of folly that filled the whole civil
ized world, what was New England's share? How many
were actually put to death? Nineteen, all told. And
then the delusion passed away forever, overwhelmed by
the mighty force of universal sentiment — one judge mak
ing public confession of his wrong and observing through
life the anniversary of his first sentence as a day of peni
tence, fasting and pi'ayer, the twelve jurymen publishing
a recantation and appeal for forgiveness for their "sad
delusion," the leading church revoking its action and
forcing out its minister, and the General Court at length
reversing its convictions and attainders, and granting
raoney payraents to surviving relatives. No other land
ever witnessed a furor so brief, a reaction so profound, or
a repentance so deep And if men still pride themselves
on the superiority of our times to such delusions, we
point them to the "Spiritism" of our day, and the absurd
ffibberish and inane tricks which its votaries have some-
tiraes accepted as coraing fi'om the spirits of the once in
telligent dead.

i-Charles Mackay's Popular Delusions, vol. II. p. 141. (London, 1869), Mac
kay gives also the number for the thirty-nine years previous to the accession of
James First (in 1603) at seventeen thousand. II. p. 135.

48 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
In all these things our ancestors were in advance of
their age. And the attention that has been directed to
their remaining errors is absurdly disproportionate. So
long as-perfection is not claimed "for thera, they need no
special defence. They had high ideals and, with fallible
judgments, they strove to realize them. They framed
their lives to the standard of the Scriptures, but they may
have made the frame too narrow. Some of their inconsis
tencies were their too rigid consistencies. We do not
care to apologize for them, except as sharing our common
humanity. We simply say, show us better men if you
can, before them, or since, or now.
Their business was conducted on Christian principles.
They dealt equitably with the few straggling natives that
were found upon their territory. John Indian had a lot
assigned him in the new town ; Great Tom was bought
out. And raore than sixty years after the first occupa
tion, the selectraen extinguished by formal purchase the
last claim presented by the helpless grandson of the old
Sagamore Masconomo. The only transactions that dis
turbed the quiet of the early days grew out of the strong
hold of their principles upon their whole life. If from
time to time there were earnest struggles over the very
location of their meeting-houses, it was because the house
of God was the visible symbol and centre of all their
hopes and purposes. And when there arose, ten years
from the settlement, a well nigh thirty years' contest be
tween two nearly balanced parties, it was over a funda
mental question — a question involving their whole church
polity — whether the government of the church was in the
hands of the ministers or of the brethren. Throughout

OF THE SETrLESIENT OF NEWBURY. 49
the opposition caused by the Eev. Thomas Parker's lapse
frora his original theory of popular church government, the
parish never but for a single year atterapted to reduce his
salary. And when the majority, who signed themselves his
"loving but afilicted brethren," deemed it their duty to
suspend him from the ministry, they closed their commun
ication by assuring him that "as a gifted brother you may
preach for the edification of the church if you please."
And so for a quarter of a century they listened to his
preaching, paid his salary, and honored his name as long
as Parker river shall flow to the sea. Such honorable
traits and facts are never to be forgotten.
Nor should it be forgotten how the sterling character
of the early stock not only in due time bore fi'uit after its
kind, but by an elective affinity drew around it elements
to form a highly choice community. Perhaps no town of
equal size in the country has furnished a stock more pro
lific in families and men of mark. I will not attempt to
recount their names; for any attempt to enumerate would
leave the tale half told. Many of these names are house
hold words.
Such were the forces which began their work two hun
dred years ago, quietly and steadily held on their way,
and have achieved their admirable results. How they
wrought on year after year and gradually spread them
selves over new territory, till the chief seat of population
was transferred from the Parker river to the Merrimack,
must be sought in the histories of Newbury and New
buryport. Often under heavy burdens. Yea, through
what scenes have they passed. Strange and frightful
was the series of earthquakes that began during the town

50 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
meeting in 1638, and continued with brief intervals for a
hundred and fifty years, with near two hundred recorded
shocks.* At three different times did the vast and in
vincible army of caterpillars become a pest and glean the
forests for miles around. The tornado repeatedly swept
over the town, once even lifting the meeting-house with
the people within. Once only did the savages burst into
the settleraent. The terrors of the small-pox at times
amounted to a panic, when the hospital was built in a
pasture, with a double guard around it to shut out and
shut in, and smoke-houses were erected at Oldtown and
Thorla's bridges, to fumigate all travellers and goods.
Still more awful was the fright, near a century ago, when
the yellow fever came, and stayed frora June till October.
Travellers shunned the place. Kesidents fled or im
prisoned themselves at home. Streets were barred off.
Business was suspended, and pleasures arrested. Funeral
rites were omitted. The dead were carried at night in
rude coffins and a ruder hearse to the cemetery; and the
living shunned the very grave. But with five and fifty
victims the pestilence was arrested by the merciful frost.
Even moi'e ai)palling were the earlier ravages of the

?Sometimes to the last degree appalling. Thus in 1727 the noise was like
"thunder" with a roar as of "ten thousand coaches on a pavement," and cannon
like e.Kplosions following each other, burst upon burst, by the half-hour together.
Houses rocked, chimneys fell, stone walls were thrown down, a new spring burst
forth, and the earth heaved up great heaps of sand. Families rushed by night
from their shaking houses out upon the trembling earth, in momentary fear of be
ing swallowed up alive. iVud when wc remember that the worst visitation in the
same year (1737) in which 60,000 persons perished thus in Lisbon, and that the
second recorded sliock was in the year (1638) when the city of Euphebia in Cala
bria disappeared forever, wc can understand Avhy our fathers should have been
"desirous of leaving it on record to the view of after ages, that all might take
notice of Almighty God, and tear his name."

OF THE SETTLEJIENT OF NEWBURY. 51
throat distemper, when family after family was bereft of
every child, and from a single street of the town eighty
persons were laid in the grave. Then indeed "was there
a voice heard, lamentation, weeping and great mourning,
Rachel weeping for her children and would not be cora
forted." Yet the current of life, progress and prosperity flowed
on. No doubt the business of the place has encountered
a chief perraanent obstacle in the bar that closed its har
bor; while in the race of corapetition it has also received
direct and heavy blows. The English, French and Danish
spoliations of our comraerce, grave as they were, did not
prevent the growth of Newburyport in wealth, popula
tion, and the accumulation of large fortunes. But the
embargo and the non-intercourse Acts, and the war that
followed, were unmitigated disasters. "During that
calamitous period," says Mr. Cushing. " our seamen were
thrown out of employment; our traders lost their cus
tomers; the farmers left our markets; and our merchants
were compelled to sit down idly and see their ships rot
ting at their docks." In the very midst of this depres
sion, when misfortune was borne in on every breeze that
swept the ocean, burst forth the great calaraity on land,
the famous fire of 1811, the greatest conflagration of the
country till that tirae, and in its proportions quite as dis
astrous as any since. Its fearful brightness and its re
sistless power have been too often described to be repeated
now. They hover over the place as one of the weird
traditions of the past. The light of the flaraes was seen
sixty railes away, and when they died down there was a
long and lurid darkness over the place. In three years

o2 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
the ratable property of Newburyport fell from seven mil
lions to four, and in nine years raore to two raillions and
a half. Capital and enterprise never fully rallied
from these combined and culminating shocks. Thence
forth they carried weight. Meanwhile began the slow and
fate-like changes in the great currents of business, the
growing centralizations, intensified a hundred fold by. the
power of steam, whereby the rural districts surrender to
the village, the village to the town, the town to the cities,
and the cities to the great raetropolis. And so our an
cient township has halted in the race. But she still lives
on honorably in the present and gloriously in the past.
She sits like some peaceful mother in the serenity of ad
vancing years, rejoicing in the work of her hands amid
the well earned honors that adorn her life, and living anew
in the fame of her sons.
The annals of Newbury form a luminous chapter in the
history of New England, No man can turn his eye
thoughtfully over the history of these years now num
bered with the past, but he shall say, it is a noble, if not
a brilliant record, and that in almost every line of mark.
One of the foreraost characteristics has been business
energy and skill. The town seemed to spring into being,
as it were, in full symmetry. The day of crudeness and
tentative experiments is unrecorded. All is precision and
grasp. A band of clear-headed raen — men of substance
and pliant force — are found to have dropped down on the
primitive wilderness, and the wilderness has begun to
blossom. In the first decade all the functions of a thrifty
village life are working on well nigh as smoothly and
roundly for the time as they are today. Without pecuhar

OF TIIE SETILEMENT OF NEWBURY. 53
local advantages the town rose rapidly, by the sheer force
of home enterprise, to wealth and prominence, and long
raaintained clearly the second or third place in Massachu
setts. I need not mention her fisheries, her trade coast
wise and oceanic, her distilleries before the days of tem
perance, and above all her ship-building, with the various
subsidiary handicrafts, the sources of abounding pros
perity. There have been times when on this side of the
Merrimack a hundred vessels were seen building at once.
During the first century of the nation's independence,
this vicinity, of which Newbuiy is the central and chief
contributor, sent out upon the ocean the vast fleet of two
thousand ships of every size and description — arraed ves
sels and merchantmen, privateers, clippers and steamers,
from thirty to three thousand tons burden, to range the
ocean frora the West Indies to the East. Nor has the
glory yet departed. Meanwhile the forceful activity of
the early settlers found its way into the various forms and
appliances of enterprise. It was ever at the front. Some
of these industries have passed away with the occasion
and opportunity. The old township clairas the first
woolen raill in Massachusetts and the first broad- cloth
raade in America, the first nail factory in the world, the
first chain bridge in the United States, the first and second
daily paper in the county, the first arithmetic composed,
the first music book and the fii'st incorporated academy in
Araerica, the first Sunday school and the first Female
High school in Massachusetts, the first destruction of tea
before the Revolution, and after it the first unfold-

,54 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
ing of the Stars and Stripes on the river Thames.*
In these latter days the narae of Jacob Perkins stands
for the highest inventive genius, that of Paul Moody for
the best mechanical skill ; the name of John Cabot Low
ell is identified with all that is excellent in the cotton-
factory system of New England, and that of William
Wheelwright with the Steam Navigation Company and
the railway system of South America, and all their far-
reaching influences.
Nor has this enterprise and wealth been wanting in
beneficence and public spirit. All forms of suffering and
want have found a ready response. Besides the some
what exceptional care for the poor which has character
ized this settleraent frora early tiraes, such special institu
tions as the Merrimack Humane, the Marine, the Howard
Benevolent, and the General Benevolent societies, and a
raultitude of minor' organizations — some of which have
passed away with the occasion, and some are working
on — have expressed the heart of the community. There
was a time, more than a hundred and fifty years ago
(1728) when the several churches had their select com
mittees with monthly meetings, " to consider what may be
for the good of the town in general." No call, at horae
or abroad, has come araiss. Is Governor Winthrop em
barrassed with heavy losses by his fraudulent bailiff?
Richard Dummer sends a hundred pounds for his relief.
Does the young college at Cambridge need a new brick
building? Newbury sends thirty pounds — her third do-

¦'The writer has not personaUy verified these claims, but given them on the au-
tlKirity of others.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 55
nation. Does the sraall-pox in Boston carry off a hundred
victiras in a season? Old Newbury sends her contribu
tions for the Boston poor. Does the cry of distress come
from famine-stricken Ireland? Twenty-five hundred dol
lars was the ready response frora Newburyport. Suffer
ers by fire have always found a peculiarly prompt and
tender sympathy. Petersburg, Wiscasset, Gloucester,
Fayetteville, Charleston, Fall River, Nantucket, Port
land, Chicago, Boston, shall bear witness. There were
collections for the sufferers by storm at Rockport, and by
the drought at the Cape Verde Islands. There was a
society to promote the religious welfare of the Isles of
Shoals, and after the Greek Revolution a Richmond Cir
cle to support schools in Greece, yes, in Athens itself.
Liberal gifts to the public retrieve the meraory of Timo
thy Dexter. Brown and Putnam reraerabered the public
schools. The Public Library and the statue of Wash
ington are monuments of generous donors. A hundred
and twenty years ago William Dumraer founded his well-
known academy, a nursery of famous men. Three-quar
ters of a century ago Moses Brown gave $36,000 to An
dover Seminary, and William Bartlet began toward the
same institution the princely munificence of $200,000,
then well-nigh unparalleled in the land.
This ancient township has been a favorite abode of ed
ucation and culture. Perhaps in this sphere no part even
of Massachusetts has shown a more perraanent and con
sistent zeal. In 1639 lands were appropriated for the use
of the sehoolraaster, and the annual provision for his sup
port seeras to have been as regular as the town meeting.
A chief argument for the separate incorporation of New-

56 TWO HUNDRED AND FIITIETH ANNIVERSARY.
buryport (in 1764) was the need of better school accom
modations for that part of the old township; and at the
first town meeting after that incorporation, measures were
adopted for the great expansion and "honorable support"
of the public schools. Thirty years later Newburyport
could boast of two more public schools than Boston.*
Here was tried more than sixty years ago, and success
fully too, the experiment of Lancasterian schools. Here
at the same time was an African school, before the colored
children had, as now, all the educational privileges of the
place. No town has been earlier or more honorably dis
tinguished by special provisions for the education of its
daughters; and nobly have its daughters responded to
their opportunities. Some of them, like Hannah Gould,
Lucy Hooper, Hannah Lee, have spoken to the ear and
heart of the great public; some, like Jane Greenleaf and
Mary Crocker, have shone in beneficent and missionary
work; and a great and goodly company of them have
lived, and still live, to grace the scenes and fill the joys of
social life.
The highest education has found here a liberal and
constant patronage. Benjamin Woodbridge was of the

*This statement, which has been criticised by a writer in the Boston Transcript
of June 15, 1885, is simply and literally a quotation from the Esse.x Journal of
1793, as cited in Mrs. Smith's History of Newburyport, p. 149. The Journal af
firms that there were then " nine public schools" containing " about nine hundred
children now educating at the public expense. Notwithstanding the smallness of
this town, when compared with Boston, there a/re- two ¦more publ'e schools here than
hi that place.'" The Transcript writer confirms this statement by saying that m
Boston in 1794 there were "seven public schools, so described" and "the number
of pupils was nearly 900," that is, two public schools less than those of Newbury
port, and about the same number of pupils in them. As to the grade or charac
ter of the schools, the speaker made no comparison. The italics are found in the
citation by Mrs. Smith.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEAVBURY. 57
first class, and probably was the first man to receive a de
gree at Harvard college. From that tirae to this, New
bury graduates frora New England colleges are counted
by hundreds. It is a list of raen useful and honored, and
raany of thera erainent, in the public walks of life. More
than a hundred have been ministers of the gospel, among
thera raen of renown, both living and dead. We have
given to Bowdoin and to Hobart colleges each an accora
plished president. Woods and Hale, and to Harvard two,
Webber and Felton, besides such eminent professors as
Pearson and Noyes. In the legal profession what
brighter lights, in their several spheres, has New England
seen, than Theophilus Parsons, Caleb Cushing, and Simon
Greenleaf? Who can call the roll of the distinguished
teachers, the able editors, the skillful physicians, of whom
it can be said, "this man was born here." Hither came
Isaiah Thoraas, three years before the Revolution, to pub
lish the Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet. In the
early part of the present century Newburyport was pe
culiarly a bookish town. Eight journals established in
as raany years, half a dozen "social'' libraries in opera
tion at the same time, and somewhat later a public de
bating society, a Linnean Society, Mozart Society, Horti
cultural Society, and Lyceum, and a lively book trade of
high order, all indicate the intellect, refinement and cul
ture that tinged the bright social life of the town, and in
vested it with attractions for scholarly men, second only
to those of New England's metropolis.
Patriotism also has found a chosen home in this ancient
town. In every military raovement, from the first Indian
w^ar to the last battles of the rebellion, she has borne her

58 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
part. Less than two years frora the first settlement eight
citizens marched under Stoughton to suppress the raur-
derous Pequots in Connecticut. Sixty-seven soldiers
went to the war against King Philip, and in the decisive
fight at Narraganset they furnished one-third of the
wounded and slain. The raen of Newburyport hastened
to share in the overthrow of Andros; and one of them
arrived in season, his dangling sword, as you well know,
leaving "a stream of fire all the way from here to Boston"
—and, we raay add, fi'ora that day to this. In the next
year soldiers were sent for the defence of Araesbury and
Salisbury; and sixteen volunteers took part in the unfor
tunate expedition of Phipps against Quebec. In the
French and Indian war our Captain John March received
fifty pounds from the General Court for his "brave de
fence" and his wounds at Casco fort. A large number
of our troops boi'e a part in the reduction of Louisburg,
and again in the expedition to Crown Point, and in the
battle of Lake George, where our gallant Colonel Tit
comb fell. Our troops shared in the taking of Louisburg
and the capture of forts Frontenac and Du Quesne. The
town was ripe for the Revolution long before it came. In
1754 it voted the excise bill to be "an infringement of the
natural rights of Englishmen." In 1768 the young la
dies were drinking their "liberty tea" made of rib-wort;
and about this time Newbury and Newburyport were de
nouncing the stamp act, joining the non-importation
agreement, thanking Boston for its "vigilance and
patriotic zeal," and in '73 pledging assistance "at the
risque of our lives and fortunes." When the .midnight
news came from the fight at Lexington, four corapanies

OF THE SETILEMENT OF NEWBURY. 59
from Newbury and Newburyport hurried to the field of
action. During the investment of Boston these towns
sent six hundred pounds to that suffering city. At
Bunker Hill the corapany of Captain Perkins fought to
the last by the "rail fence," where the bullets were "thick
as peas," and the corapany of Captain Lunt gallantly
covered the retreat. Our soldiers joined Arnold's expe
dition to Quebec in the days of his glory, and on the
night of his treachery our John Brown and Sarauel Pills-
bury were in vain terapted by the traitor to follow hira to
the deck of the Vulture. Our troops were at Long
Island and White Plains, and at the surrender of Bur
goyne. This port was very nearly, if not quite, first as
well as foreraost in the privateering of the war. The
cruisers of Nathaniel Tracy alone captured one hundred
vessels and 2200 prisoners. But what havoc was wrought
in these horaes. "Seventy-two vessels, with crews num
bering more than a thousand men, sailed frora Newbury
port and were never heard of again." To the war of 1812
Newbury shared the general opposition of New England,
and from it she sustained, as she feai'ed, irreparable loss.
In the war of the rebellion our troops responded to the
first call, aud throughout the struggle Newburyport ex
ceeded her quota both in raoney and in men.
But the crowning trait of this ancient township has
been her religion. Around this, it may be truly said, all
else has centred. A church was her earliest institution,
and churches have been her maturest fruits, as a dozen
beUs eraphatically told us at sunrise this morning. Upon
the workings of the fii'st church for a quarter of a cen
tury was concentrated the interest, not only of the town.

60 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
but of the colony; and the affairs of the several churches
have absorbed to a remarkable degree the attention of
this community through its whole history. The discus
sions and, if you please, the controversies they have
aroused, show the tenacity with which the men held the
religion, and the religion held the raen. Sorae of their
scruples have long lost significance. But most of them
were matters of impoi't. Nor can it be for a raoraent
doubted that religion was the priraal source of their life
and power. But for their religion they would not have
been here, nor would they have been what they were.
The settleraent of the town and of its parts, was galiged
by the location of the meeting house, and its social life
has been largely tinged by its parochial life. The very
soldiers on their way to fight the Pequots halted to settle
the question whether they were under a covenant of grace
or of works. And the catechism left by Pastor Noyes
shows also that the original type of that religion was the
type of which Fronde the historian speaks thus: "When
all else has failed — when patriotism has covered its face,
and human courage has broken down — when intellect has
yielded, as Gibbon says, with a sraile or a sigh, content to
philosophize in the closet and abroad worship with the
vulgar — when emotion and sentiment, and tender imagin
ative piety have become handmaids of superstition, and
dreamt themselves into forgetfulness that there is any
difference between hes and truth — the slavish form of be
lief called Calvinism, in one or other of its many forms,
has ever borne an inflexible front to illusion and men
dacity, and has preferi'ed I'ather to be ground to powder

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 61
like flint than to bend before violence or raelt under ener
vating temptation."
It has been a religion full of beneficence, as we have
seen, and of good morals. And singularly enough, this
old conservative place was one of the earliest homes of
the anti-slavery agitation. Three years before our Inde
pendence the slave Caesar Hendrick sued Simon Green
leaf for detaining him in slavery, and recovered eighteen
pounds damages, and costs. In the following year the
North church resounded with two stirring anti-slavery
sermons from Nathaniel Niles; and deacon Coleraan of
Newbury began in the Essex Journal his long and vigor
ous series of protests against slavery. In later days here
was the birth-place of the great agitator, William Lloyd
Garrison, who also found one-fourth of the first raerabers
of the New England Anti-Slavery Society in Newbury
and Newburyport. And it is a noteworthy fact that in
the same season in which a public raeeting was held here
to express resistance to the Nullifiers of the South, his
fellow-citizens refused a hearing to one whom they re
garded as the great Nullifier of the North.
The clergy have comraonly been foreraost in counsel,
in action, and in honor. Rev. Paul Moody went as chap
lain in the expedition to Louisburg, and Samuel Spring-
to Quebec. John Lowell preached to Col. Titcomb and
his soldiers before they set out for Crown Point. Parson
Toppan at midnight, frora a cart, exhorted the recruits
for Lexington. Rev. Jonathan Parsons, after a serraon,
called out in the broad aisle volunteers for Boston and
Bunker Hill. And the honors which this entire comraun
ity paid to the Reverend Dr. Dana on his semi-centennial

62 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
illustrated alike their respect for the raan and the rainis
try. And well has the ministry of Newbury and New
buryport earned respect and honor. The names of Top-
pan, Parish, Woods, Spring, Bass, Proudfit, Dana, Dim-
mick, Withington, and others, living and dead, are naraes
of renown.. Here labored at various tiraes, with extra
ordinary power, that prince of English preachers, George
Whitefield; here he died and here he lies buried. In the
teeraing brains of a Newburyport and a Salera minister, as
they rode together in a chaise to Bradford, sprang up the
grand scheme of the American Board of Missions; and
from this port, in 1815, sailed the band of missionaries —
ordained in the old Titcomb street church — that first car
ried the gospel to Ceylon. Of the thousands of vessels
that have sailed hence over the wide ocean, none have
borne more precious freight than when the brig Dryad
carried Meigs, Bardwell, Warren, Richards, and Poor to
their noble work.
Such are some of the facts and traits that have marked
the history of this community. It is not easy, in this, its
tirae of coraparative restfulness, to iraagine all the stir of
the long past — what activities and festivities, what enter
prise and bustle, what pomps and parade, what style and
equipage, what brightness and fashion, what glitter
and profusion have here had their home. In the
times when its merchantraen were pouring in all
the luxuries of Europe, these capacious old mansions were
filled with a famous and abounding hospitality, and a
cultured social life. Its festive assemblies were gorgeous
in gay apparel, winning in courtesy, elegant in equipage.

OE THE SETTLE5IENT OF NEWBURY. 63
graceful in refinement, and stately in ceremonial. There
was a time when a bride was drawn to her horae by six
white horses, with outriders, footmen and coachman in
new liveries; when a young minister and his new-married
wife were raet and escorted by a procession of thirty
chaises to meet a jovial assembly at the parsonage. The
Hooper and Dalton estates were "the pride of Essex
county;" and in 1780 to Prince Talleyrand and the
French nobleraen who accorapanied him, the hospitality of
John Tracy " breathed an air of magnificence." There
have been public events that drew the eye and stirj-ed the
blood of the nation. Frora this port sailed Arnold with
his fleet of eleven transport vessels, accorapanied by
Aaron Burr, and by Generals Morgan and Dearborn of
Revolutionary farae, on the unfortunate expedition to
Quebec. Into this port, four months later, were brought
two British prize vessels in one day, six months before
the Declaration of our Independence. Over Parker river
bridge came General Washington escorted by cavalry,
infantry and artillery, and followed by an immense pro
cession, to be addressed by John Quincy Adams, and
moved to tears by the Ode of Welcorae. And hei-e, too,
his death was as publicly recognized, and Washington
street laid out to hand down his name forever. Over the
same bridge carae President Monroe to be met by a regi
ment of cavalry and a great cavalcade of citizens, to be
heralded by the roar of cannon and the ringing of bells,
to pass through an avenue of youth ai-rayed in white and
blue, and a throng of enthusiastic people, and to be en
tertained at a sumptuous banquet where all party distinc
tions disappeared. Hither also carae La Fayette, the na-

64 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
tion's guest, welcoraed by a vast crowd, whose ardor even
the pouring rain could not darapen, to meet new friends
and old companions in arras, and to sleep in the charaber
and the couch of Washington.
Not the least of the gala days was the bi-centennial
celebration, fifty years ago. It was a memorable day
when that goodly company sat till the setting sun, en
chained by the voices of Edward Everett, Stephen H.
Phillips, Caleb Cushing, George Lunt, Robert C. Win
throp, and Sarauel L. Knapp, and their blood bounded to
the rolhng chorus. Pilgrims and wanderers.
Hither we come ;
Where the free dare to be.
This is our home,"
and the brightness of the evening, graced by the wives
and daughters of these ancient homes, well nigh eclipsed
the glories of the day. Indeed it has been a part of the
abounding life of the place to share in the exciteraents of
the tiraes — as forraerly iu the roystering coramemorations
of the Gunpowder Plot, the fierce onslaught upon the
starap distributors, the strong indignation at the destruc
tion of our commerce, or the vehement rejoicings over the
down-fall of Napoleon. Every vibration in the atraos
phere of public affairs has found here the raind to see, the
nerve to feel, and the soul to respond.
Reminiscences like these, full as they are of pride and
pleasure, often have their plaintive strain. They tell us
of change. They are the echoes of a vanished voice, the
lengthened shadows of a receding: lisrht. Comraemora-

OF THE SE'rPLE.'MENT OF NEWBURY. (i5
tions, even, are wistful gazings into the past. We are re
minded today that the voices which here were eloquent
half a century ago, are raostly silent, and the hands and
hearts most active then are restful now. We are re
minded that the relative prominence of this ancient town
ship which we eulogize today, is to sorae extent that which
has been But tbis is only the coramon lot, the inevitable
fate. In a world of evolution and of revolution all things
have their rise, their prime, and their decadence. One
generation lights the torch and hands it along. A city or
a state bears precious fruit and scatters it to the nations.
Sometimes — as not here — there is complete decadence.
The fisherman now spreads his nets at the wharves of
Tyre. Bats guard the tombs of the Pharaohs. The
spade alone reveals the glories of Nineveh and Babylon.
Broken arches of an aqueduct mark the site of Carthage.
Rome trades in the memories of her former glory. For
aught we can tell, the Zulu may yet sit on a broken arch
of London bridge, and sketch the ruins of St. Paul's.
But even when it is so, there hovers over the ancient seats
of life and power a halo as deathless as human thought
and feeling. The pilgrim from distant lands wends his
way thither and peoples the spot with its pristine life.
Though "the sun sets at night" yet " glory reraains when
the light fades away." With the setting sun a zodiacal
glow streams upward to the zenith, and even through the
long winter's night electric fires flash and flicker over the
surface of the heavens.
But here is no sunset. It is the quiet afternoon of a
luminous day. Wealth and comfort still cling to. the
place. Business enlivens the streets. Many a sail from

66 TWO HUNDRED AND FIETIETH ANNIVERSARY
the Merriraack whitens the ocean. These schools send
forth their perennial stream of youthful intelligence.
This Public Library radiates increasing light. Yigorous
manhood still grapples with all the probleras of life, and
feminine culture enlivens these homes. The stock that
has furnished the commonwealth with so many raen of
raark, is still represented here, and the soil itself has not
all passed away from the early families. The scattered
sons of old Newbury are proud to trace back their line
age through seven generations to the banks of the Quas
cacunquen, and in their distant wanderings they have
heard today the raother's call and hasten to the old horae
stead to keep jubilee together. We have corae to rejoice
in her serene and healthful joys, to offer our filial saluta
tions, and to witness for ourselves how

"well she keeps her ancient stock.
The stubborn strength " like" Plymouth Rock,
And still maintains with milder laws
And clearer light the Good Old Cause,
Nor heeds the skeptic's puny hands
While near her school the church-spire stands.
Nor fears the blinded bigot's rule
While near her church-spire stands the school."

We have corae, suraraoned by no spectral druraraer to
some "Midnight Review" of the actors in scenes of de
vastation and carnage, but in the light of noon-day,
drawn by filial instinct, to honor an ancestry eminent in
civic virtues and raoral worth. We have not marched
hither with grand procession and raartial rausic, but we
have quietly gathered, as did they, with prayer and psalm
and word of God. As we crossed Parker river, not far

tiF THE SETTLEiMENT OF NEWBITRY. 67
from where Washington and La Fayette entered the place,
we raight well have said to the stranger on the train,
"Invisible to thee
Spirits twain have crossed with me."
As we have trod these streets, venerated forms frora
the distant past came walking by our side. These an
cient churches are draped with sacred memories, and
these modest mansions wreathed with hallowed associa
tions. Could the roll-call of the past suramon forth to
the eye the men and women that are present to the mind's
eye, jurists and divines, ])atriots and philanthropists,
scholars and inventors, writers and teachers, distinguished
civilians and strong men of business, of enterprise and of
skill, with the wives and the raothers, the daughters and
the sisters that forraed, cheered, and held thera to their
high endeavor, what an august assembly would spring
forth upon the sight. It is good to be here and to mingle
in such corapany. It is well for us on this our festal day —
our quarter-raillennial — gathei'cd frora far and near, from
all the walks and callings of life, in such an invisible
presence to take each other by the hand and pledge
eternal fealty to the truth and the right, and deathless de
votion to the high law of duty to God and to raan. So
shall the perpetual benediction of an honorable ancestry
pass down as an heir-loom to the remotest generation of
their descendants; and many an absent son and daughter
of the ancient horae shall say,
"My heart is at your festival,
My head hath its coronal."

08 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
At the close of President Bartlett's address, which occupied one hour
aud twenty minutes, there was an earnest effort made on the part of
the audience to induce Lieut. A. W. Greely, who was seated upon the
platform, to offer a few remarks. Responding to this unexpected
call, Lieut. Greely said :
L^adies aild Geiitlemen : — ^Fully appreciating tlie kind reception that
you have accorded me on this occasion, I think it best to follow the
programme arranged by the committee appointed for that purpose ; and
as I have been invited to speak at the dinner table this afternoon, I pre
fer not to interfere with the regular order of exercises in this hall.
The anthem, "Send out Thy Light," by Gounod, was then sung.
The words are as follows:
Send out Thy light and Thy truth, let them lead me,
And let them bring me to Thy holy hill.
O God, then will I go unto Thy altar.
On the harp we will praise Thee, O Lord our God!
Why, O soul, art Thou sorrowful.
And why cast down within me ?
Still trust the loving kindness
Of the God of thy strength.
And my tongue yet shall praise Him
Who hath pleaded my cause !
Lord our God !
Thou wilt save Thine anointed,
Thou wilt hear us from heaven ;
Tho' in chariots some put their faith.
Our trust is in Thee !
They are brought down and fallen.
But the Lord is our helper.
We shall not be afraid.
The benediction was then pronounced by Rev. Dr. S. J. Spalding,
and at half-past one o'clock the audience dispersed.

THE PROCESSION.

THE PROCESSION.

At the close of the exercises in City Hall, a procession was formed
on Brown square, and the streets adjacent, and at two o'clock took up
the line of march in the following order:
«
Detachment of Police under Command of Capt. Ira F. H. Blake.
Capt. LuTHBE Damb, Chief Marshal.
Major EnwAEn F. Baetlett, Chief of StafE.
Carter's Band of Boston,— 33 pieces.
Companies A and B, Eighth Regiment, M. V. M., in Battalion Formation,
Capt. Oscar C. Lougee commanding.
First Company, Capt. J. Albert Mills, 30 men.
Second Company, Lieut. Charles W. Adams, 30 men.
Third Company, Lieut. J. Herman Carver, 30 men.
Fourth Company, Lieut. Nehemiah A. Robbins, 30 men.
Antique Carriage, drawn by one Horse, driven by Albert Tilton dressed in the
costume of the Seventeenth Century.
FIRST DIVISION.
Capt. David L. Withington, Marshal.
Aids:
Percy L. Dame, Heney B. Little, Geoege W. Huse.
Historical Society of Old Newbury, with the banner displayed at the 300th
Anniversary of the Settlement of Newbury.
Carriages containing the President of the Day, Orator, Officiating Clergy
men, Committee on Literary Exercises, and
Invited Guests.

72 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
SECOND DIVISION.
William E. Chase, Marshal.
Aids:
J^HAELES A. Blibs, Geoege H. Jaques,
Joseph D. Little, Geoege F. Menzies.
Brown High, Female High and Putnam Free Schools, Newburyport,
70 scholars.
Bromfield Street Male Grammar School, Newburyport,
60 scholars.
Jackman Male Grammar School, Newburyport,
60 scholars.
Forrester Street Male Grammar School, Newburyport,
40 scholars.
Hancock Street Female Grammar School, Newburyport,
40 scholars.
Purchase Street Female Grammar School, Newburj'port,
50 scholars.
Forrester Street Female Grammar School, Newburyport,
40 scholars.
Kelley Grammar and Primary Schools, Newburyport,
185 scholars.
Bromfield Street Male Primary School, Newburyport,
50 scholars.
Hancock Street Female Primary School, Newburyport,
40 scholars.
Purchase Street Female Primary School, Newburyport,
40 scholars.
Jackman Male Primary School, Newburyport,
50 scholars.
Temple Street Female Primary School, Newburyport,
15 scholars.
Davenport Male Primary School, Newburj-port,
40 scholars.
Davenport Female Primary School, Newburyport,
30 scholars.
Kent Street (Mixed) Primary School, Newburjport,
50 scholars.
Ashland Street (Mixed) Primary School, Newburyport,
40 scholars.
Plains iind Jloultonville (Mixed) Grammar and Primary Schools, Newburyport,
40 scholars.

OE THE .SETTLEMENT OE NEWIUEY'. 73
Barges containing Small Children from the Public Schools of the City of
Newburyport.
Lower Green School, Newburj', 37 scholars.
Upper Green School, Newbury, 30 scholars.
Ridge School, No. 3, Newbury, 30 scholars.
William P. Bailey's School, West Newbury, 30 scholars.
Maple and Centre Schools, West Newbury, 115 scholars.
West Newbury Grammar School, 33 scholars.
The procession proceeded up Green street, through Washington, up
Market, up High, countermarched to State, through Middle, up Fair,
through Orange, up Federal, down High, to the tent on March's Field.
There was no general attempt at decoration along the route, though
many citizens displayed flags and bunting from their residences.
One of the most interesting features of the procession was the large
number of children from the public schools of Newbury, West New
bury and Newburyport — estimated at over thirteen hundred in all — the
small children riding in barges gaily decorated for the occasion ; the
larger ones walking and bearing garlands of flowers and evergreens.
As the procession passed through Orange street, Miss Phebe Harrod,
nearly ninety-nine years of age, stood in the doorway of her house and
viewed the display, receiving many bows and smiles of recognition
which she gracefully returned.
Arriving at March's Field the members of the Historical Society
with invited guests, entered the tent erected by Mr. Jl. M. Yale of Bos
ton, and were conducted to seats reserved for them at the dinner tables.
The children were escorted to another large tent on the same field, fur
nished by Mr. Howard P. Currier of Newburyport, and there partook
of a bountiful collation provided by friends interested in the celebra
tion. .

10

THE DINNER.

THE DINNER.

The spacious tent in which the dinner was served was erected on
March's Field, High street, opposite the head of Allen street, New
buryport. The following gentlemen, under the direction of Mr. Thomas
E. Cutter, acted as ushers :
Edwaed A. Huse, Frank H. Plumer, William B. Knapp,
Herbert N. Woodwell, Herbert M. Stevens, George P. Tilton,
Ernest B. Clark, Edward G. Moody, William A. Baeeon,
William S. Cueeiee. Robert H. Hills, Haeey W. Bayley.
Preparations had been made to accommodate over one thousand per
sons, and when the company had assembled and the members of the
Historical Society with invited guests had taken the seats assigned
them, there were but few vacant places at the tables.
After grace had been said by Rev. D. T. Fiske, D. D., of Newbury
port, the company were invited to partake of the viands set before
them. While dinner was being served by J. Dooling of Boston,
caterer, the orchestra, under the direction of Mr. Thomas M. Carter of
Boston, played the following selections of music :
1. OvBETURE — " Tantalusqualen."  Suppe,
2, Remestiscenoes of Vbedi  Riviere.
When dinner had been disposed of, President Currier called the
company to order, and said:
Ladles and Geiitletnen : — It is not necessary for me to repeat the
words of welcome, sjioken by the President of the Historical Society,
at City Hall this morning, but I will improve the opportunity to thank

78 TWO HUNDRED AND EIETIETH A.NNIVERSARY
you for your kind attention ani attendance here today, and to assure
you that your hsarty CD-opsrafcion and support have made it possible
for the Committee of Arrangemsnts to saocessfally carry out the plans
matured by them.
There are still some interesting exercises to occupy your time and
attention for the remainder of the afternoon. And now that' din-
ner is over and the substantial viands are disposed of, it is my
pleasant and agreeable duty to invite you to remain and partake of
the intellectual feast thit i3 to follosv. In the exercise of the preoga-
tive of my office, as President of the Day, I shall call upon many
gentlemen of eminent ability, to address you. The remarks they will
offer will necessarily be brief, as the number to be heard from is
large and the time is limited. Bat the concentrated wit and wisdom
of these, as yet, unspoken speeches, will compensate in part for their
brevity. It would perhaps be your duty to sit patiently and quietly in
yo ir S3at3 aid listen attentively to so.ii3 extends! remirks, which the
formilities of the occasion would seem to require from me, but I shall
spare you that painful necessity, and yield the time to others who, I
an sure, will interest and instruct you. In order to facilitate the pre
sentation of topics, suggested by the events we commemorate, a toast-
master has been appointed, and I now have the pleasure of introducing
to you P. K. Hills, esq., of Newburyport, who has consented to act in
that capacity, and will announce the sentiments that have been pre
pared. The Toast-master then offered as the first regular toast.
The President of the United States :
On this occasion we are all Dam^crats, we are all Repablicaus. Likewise, we
have had an ample share of the loaves aud fishes.
President Currier said :
Ladles and Gentle-men : Old Newbury has always been patriotic and
prompt in the support of the national government. On this occasion
she offers the courtesies and civilities due to the chief magistrate of
the nation, and I invite the band to respond with some patriotic air.
The band, under the direction of Mr. T. M. Carter, then playe d
" Hail Columbia."
The Toast-master announced as the second regular toast :
The State op Massachusetts:
We repeat the language of her distinguished citizen, Daniel Webster, on a
m3in orable occasion. "There she is. There is her history, the world knows It
by heart. The past at least is secure."
President Currier said :
C%'Mes and Gentlemen: — -In the absence of the Governor of the
Commonwealth, I shall ask the President of the Senate to respond to

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 79
this sentiment, and as he is a descendant of one of the old Newbury
families he is entitled, by ties of kinship as well as by virtue of his
office, to be heard on this occasion. I take great pleasure in present
ing to you Hon. Albert E. Pillsbury of Boston.
ADDRESS OF HON. A. E. PILLSBURY.
Mr. Ghair-man, Ladies and, Gentlemen: — I had almost forgotten,
until reminded by the chaiiman, that the President of the Senate was
here Claughter). As five or six geneiations of my ancestors lived and
died here through a period of 150 years, I can fairly claim to be, if not
a son, at least a grandson of Old Newbury, and it suits me better to
consider that I am here by right of descent, rather than in an official
capacity. Looking into the history of my ancestors, while I am by no
means in the habit of lamenting the degeneracy of these times, I am
struck by what appears to be a marked decadence in our family. I .
find that my ancestors in old Newbury were farmers, mechanics and
men exercising other honest avocations of character, but I am oblige<l
to admit that in late years we have lapsed into lawyers, doctors, minis
ters, and members of the Legislature. (Laughter and applause.) But
so strong were the moral influences of your old town that it was not
until the passage of many generations after they had left your midst
that this descent began, and so Old Newbury is not responsible for it.
But, Mr. Chairman, I am not speaking to the sentiment to which you
asked me to respond. I regret, as you all do, the absence of His Ex
cellency the Governor from an occasion on which I know he would like
to be present, when he would have done full justice to the sentiment
and to you. But I cannot deny that I am proud to be, even by acci
dent, in a position to speak for Massachusetts. Our Commonwealth
has often been praised by eloquent lips. But in her character, her in
stitutions, her laws, she speaks for herself with a voice more eloquent
than that of any orator. (Great applause).
If you read the records of Old Newbury, you may trace in the lives
and deeds of her people the elements which have made Massachusetts
foremost among the commonwealths of this foremost nation of the
world. The energy, the enterprise, and the patriotism which charac
terizes them has made Massachusetts what she is. I was reminded this
morning, in listening to the eloquent address of the president of Dart
mouth College, that it was the men of Newbury who first discovered
that taxed tea was not healthy for the American constitution ; and the
men of Newbury, a little later, launched the first privateer against
British commerce, and sent almost the first Massachusetts troops into
the Continental army. It was the quality of these men of Newbury

80 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
and their contemporaries which gives Massachusetts her rank. She
was foremost in the Revolution ; her voice was most potent in estab
lishing the new government, and in the great constitutional debates in
which it was shaped and settled into permanence. She was the first in
attacking the institution of slavery and first in rallying to the defence
of the government against the armed assault of the slave power. This
is part of the past of Massachusetts ; and " the past," said Webster,
"is secure."
What shall be her future? The future of Massachusetts is in our
hands. The foundations of her prosperity have been laid broad and
deep in the common school system and in the industries which have
been established here on this barren soil where agriculture cannot com
mand a subsistence for our teeming population, and which are and will
remain the sources of her material prosperity.
Forty years ago one of the most brilliant of Englishmen, in a letter
addressed to the author of a life of Jefferson, avowed his contempt for
Jefferson's character and principles and predicted the downfall of the
American republic.
"Your constitution," said he, "is all sail and no ballast. We can in
our country repress uprising with a strong hand, but in your country
where the people are the ruling power, you will one day sink to anar
chy or succumb to the strong hand of a Csesar."
But Macaulay forgot that the character of our institutions makes
every man a stockholder in the State. A man who has a house and lot
is a tolerably safe citizen ; a man who has a wife and child is not a dan
gerous citizen. The man who has a home and family of his own is ab
solutely safe. He can be trusted to share the government, and while
every member of our community can enjoy the advantages of educa
tion and his share of the fruits of industry, we shall disappoint Ma-
caulay's prophecy, and the republic will stand secure.
But I am reminded, Mr. Chairman, that we must be brief. The
people of Massachusetts, who know your history and virtues, are cele
brating this anniversary with you today. They rejoice in your past
prosperity and they wish you all that you may deserve aud achieve in
the future.
Thanking you, Mr. Chairman, and your association for your kind in
vitation, I yield to gentlemen from whom you and I are alike desirous
to hear.
The Toast-master then announced the third regular toast :
The Yachtsmen of Oue Coast:
Represented among us today by Benjamin Franklin Butler, lawyer, soldier,
statesman, and commander of the yacht America.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 81
Responded to, in the absence of General B. F. Butler, by the reading
of the following letter from that gentleman, and by music from the
band. Boston, June 6, 1885.
My Dear Mr. Paeton :
Nothing would give me greater pleasure than to join the Newbury Festival, but
that takes place on Wednesday, the 10th, on which very day I must be in New
York in court in the Hoyt will case, which will imperatively prevent my beiug
present. Nothing but such an engagement would keep me away.
Yours truly, Benj. F. Butlee.
James Pakton, Esq., Newburyport, Mass.
The Toast-master then read the fourth regular toast :
Our Distinguished Guests peom nbighboeing towns.
President Currier said :
Ladies and Gentlemen : — Among those who honor us with their "
presence here today is one who has spoken earnestly and eloquently,
on many public occasions, to audiences gathered within the limits of
Old Newbury. You remember his glowing words and graceful tributes
in times past, and will be glad to hear from him again on this occasion.
I therefore take great pleasure in introducing to you Hon. George B.
Loring, of Salem, Mass.
ADDRESS OP HON. GEORGE B. LORING.
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — I am sorry to say that I
have no idea whatever of the toast to which I am expected to respond.
If there is such a thing I would be glad now to hear it, in order that
my mind may be directed to it in some way.
The Toastmaster : We thought that our guests from neighboring
cities were so distinguished that they needed no toast.
Mr. Loring : I presume then, Mr. President, that this is simply an
ovation to me and I am toast enough for the occasion. (Laughter and
applause.) Usually in all such cases elsewhere I find myself called
upon to respond to the broad and general subject of agriculture.
I am somewhat disappointed today that it has not been brought
up, because it makes me feel that I am out of an occupation. I
have seen the time when the mention of that word made my heart
thrill with eostacy. Now the circumstances of my life have so materially
changed that I feel in this Puritan assembly much as the royal martyr
of English history probably felt, of whom the great orator of Essex
county says : " the Puritans buried crown and mitre and the headless
trunk of a decapitated monarch beneath their immortal institutions of
11

82 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
freedom." If I am anything now I am no more than a headless trunk
of an agricultural monarch decapitated by modern Puritan reform and
buried beneath a purified civil service. (Laughter.) But I do love the
occupation still, and considering the fact that after all the trials and
tribulations of Washington life, I have returned to my farm to resume
my pitch-fork, I presume I may yet be counted a farmer. But it is not
for agriculture alone that this spot where we have assembled is noted.
True, the occupation of the land was the great object of the settlement,
and the law of citizen proprietorship of the soil and freehold was applied
here among the first spots dedicated to free institutions on this conti
nent. The individualism which characterizes the American today was
planted along these shores by the hardy settlers whose names still re
main in this community to tell who founded here the most indepen
dent form of state and society known on earth. These ancient
homes, these old farms, the meandering highways laid out by the pio
neers in the forests which darkened this broad landscape, all tell of a
brave resolution and a solemn consciousness of the duties which Prot
estant Englishmen assumed when they sundered the ties which bound
them to the old world, and bound themselves to develop and vitalize
the new. It is not easy for us to picture to ourselves, or even to
imagine the hardness and earnestness and solemnity of the life led by
our fathers in their scattered homes. A rude hut, hastily constructed by
the settler, protected his family from summer's heat and winter's cold —
but contained none of the equipments which domestic economy now
considers indispensable, none of the luxuries and adornments which
have now become common necessities to all. The simplest furni
ture, often stiff and ungraceful, was scantily scattered through the
rooms. A wide chimney bore from a broad hearth a large proportion
of the heat created by a lavish use of fuel. How meagre was the
food ! How simple were the morning and the noontide, and the even
ing meal ! How solemn the silence of the night which hung over that
humble dwelling! How hard the piercing blast of winter! How fear
ful the isolation ! It is indeed hard for us to conceive the trials which
beset the early colonists, the fortitude which kept them true at all times
to the duty they had imposed upon themselves. Their joys were sim
ple, their pleasures few. Art and music did nothing to beautify their
lives. Their literature was serious, didactic, controversial, theological,
cold. They felt that they were engaged in a solemn work, and all
;iround them the air was filled with superstitions aud omens and por
tents and evil spirits with whom they were engaged in constant war
fare. But their homes were their own. The fanner who devoted him
self to his isolated farm and reaped from it the support of his family,

OF THE SETTLE.MENT OF NEWBURY. 83
felt the weight of social and civil duties resting heavily upon him, and
recognized his obligations to the religious organization to which he be
longed. He toiled for the scantiest subsistence ; but he drew inspiration
for his work, from the thought that in his hands rested an experiment
of government without whose success there could be no real power or
prosperity on this continent. He was a farmer, a land-holder — but he
was also a magistrate, a pillar of the church, a servant of the Lord.
Not then upon the land alone did he toil. It is not for practical
agriculture alone that Newbury was noted. She reared men whose
power was felt in other paths, and made for her the brilliant record -we
have heard today. Before her sons the distinguished guests of this oc
casion lose their distinction. The renown of this town is sufficient
without the contribution of the stranger. How^ have our hearts been
warmed today by the narration of the lives of her strong and powerful
citizens ! We rejoice to know that they were good legislators, good
magistrates, good merchants, good theologians, as well as good farmers,
and were able to assert themselves on all occasions for right and free
dom and humanity. The school house and the meeting house were the
temples they erected ; and education and religion were the corner-stones
of the structure. And in this work they achieved great success. They
built up the most prosperous colony on these shores, and they also ac
complished more than all their associates in providing for sound learn
ing as the basis of all their efforts. The higher branches of knowledge
were taught in all the towns. The high school and the Latin school
flourished. On Manhattan an institution of this sort languished and in
two years laid down its life. New England boys were classical schol
ars, wrote theses in Latin, conversed in Hebrew, rejoiced in the beau
ties of Homer, and Sophocles, and Demosthenes. They wrote the pur
est English of their times, and caught their phrases from the great
founders of the English tongue. And over all stood their great univer
sity, a power in every crisis, holding for many generations a supreme
sway, and only in our own day overtaken and on some paths out
stripped by sister colleges which have gathered around her on every
hand. Of its theological work, how interesting the story ! The Puritan
meeting house, what a tale it could tell of devout feeling, of ardent,
well-defined faith, of manly protest, of patriotic inspiration, of solemn
appeal for the truth and right! The Puritan minister,* what a life of
holy zeal, and devotion to moral and intellectual culture, and healthy
influence, and unshaken courage, and self-sacrifice was his ! What an
army of social and civil leaders he sent from his dignified home into
every walk in life! This then is the work the Puritan farmer and

84 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH .ANNIVERSARY
teacher, and minister of the gospel has accomplished here. Great in
every duty assigned him, he was indeed a great American citizen, the
founder of our state on principles which neither peace nor war has
shaken. That it will grow stronger and stronger until his hopes and
predictions are all fulfilled, who can doubt? Those of you who are
familiar with this spot need not be reminded of those who have made
it great. All I can say to you therefore is to remember your ancestors ;
remember their traits, and remember that human rights and human
freedom, liberty of conscience and the liberty of self-assertion, is the
great law of America, a law which prevails north, east, south, and west.
All questions which may arise in conflict before the people will settle
themselves amicably, we trust ; and the great American faith will be
maintained by all its citizens in all time to come. I thank you for
listening to me, and now resign my place to those gentlemen who will
follow me with more eloquence, wit, and wisdom than I have been able
to demonstrate on this present occasion.
At the close of Dr. Loring's address, President Currier said:
Ladies and Gentlemen : — Among otir distinguished guests there is
another gentleman whom you will be interested to hear on this occasion,
and I shall therefore call upon him to address you. "Though not
native here nor to the manner born " he is by marriage identifled with at
least one family prominent in the history of old Newbury. He needs
no other commendation to your favor and kind consideration. If, to
your sight, his form and features are unknown, his name and fame are
"familiar to your ears as household words." I have now the honor to
present to you Hon. William W. Crapo of New Bedford, Mass.
ADDRESS OF HON. WILLIAM W. CRAPO.
3Ir. f resident and, Toadies and Gentlemen: — Your sister city by
the sea, honored today in this kind remembrance of her, brings to
Newbury, upon her two hundred and fiftieth birthday, warm and hearty
congratulations and words of good cheer. New Bedford looks up to
her as to an older sister, proud of her radiance and beauty, and emulous
of her accomplishments and good name. Advancing years have
brought to her added charms and increasing attractiveness,
I have listened with much interest aud pleasure to the story of the
achievements, -jirtues, learning and piety of the early settlers of old
Newbury. The recital unfolds to us the beginning and inspiration of
her career of business thrift and well regulated activities on land and sea,
and of her leadersliiji and influence in the politics, thought and progress
of New England. Your fathers were men of high purposes, of sturdy
manliness and of persistent endeavor. Regardless of hardship, un-

OE THE SETrLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 8 ,')
mindful of discouragements, they founded a community and stamped it
so strongly with the impress of their intelligence, integrity and enter
prise that two centuries and a half have not effaced or dimmed the
characters. These men fire worthy the homage of your grateful re
membrance ; they deserve the tribute of your hearty and eloquent
utterances. I have enjoyed the manifestations of your loyalty to the old home,
your fondness for its quaint and notable local traditions, your pride of
ancestry and your love for the ancient landmarks. This enjoyment,
however, is checked by the consciousness that I was not born within
the territorial limits of your ancient town. But I should not be blamed
for this. It really was no fault of mine. The option was not given
me whether my birth-place should be on the banks of the Merrimack or
on the shore of Buzzard's Bay. But I have done what I could, and the
best I could, to remedy this early defect or misfortune, which ever you
may regard it. When I reached the years of discretion, with the
world before me, in the exercise of a sound judgment and a free vo
lition, I married a daughter of Newburyport, a descendant of one of
the early pioneers. If not as a son, then as a son-in-law, I come to
your family table. The orator of the day has spoken eloquently and
justly of the excellencies of the sons of Newbury. I can speak of the
perfection of the daughters. And speaking of them with all candor
and from abundant knowledge, in their presence which furnishes ready
confirmation, I assert they are the prettiest of girls, as good as they
are beautiful, the loveliest of wives and the best of mothers.
The history of Newburyport, during the last century, illustrates the
radical changes which have taken place in the commercial methods of
the world. The time was when Newburyport had a name and a con
spicuous position in the commerce of both hemispheres. Her artisans
built ships which for beauty, strength and speed were not surpassed by
those of any nation ; her sailors were famous for their daring and sea
manship ; her merchants were known far and near for their business
sagacity, mercantile honor and unquestioned financial credit. The
Newburyport boy entered the counting-room where he served an ap
prenticeship in thoroughly mastering its details. Later on, as super
cargo, he went to China, South America, and the North West Coast,
studying the habits and customs of foreign people, making himself
familiar with their products and wants, and learning the best methods
for the profitable interchange of commodities- After several voyages
he returned to the counting-room on the wharf, with a mind broadened
and the jiossessor of rich stores of knowledge to be made practically
useful in his future career as a merchant In those days there were

86 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVEESARV
merchants, now there are brokers. In those days the merchants with
painstaking thoughtfulness and consummate skill planned long voyages,
selecting with rare judgment cargoes for foreign markets, arranging
credits with the precision of a minister of finance, determining months
in advance his return cargo and securing its arrival at the home port
upon a market of highest prices. Now the broker sits in his office in
New York or Boston, inquires by cable of Hong Kong, St. Petersburg,
or Montevideo the today's prices of tea, hemp, or hides, makes his pur
chases and charters vessels by telegraphic message, and before going
to his dinner sells his cargo to arrive, contented with a margin of one-
eighth or one-sixteenth of one per cent, for his trouble, while he relies
upon the frequency and magnitude of his transactions to gain a liveli
hood. Mankind has gained in the comforts and economies of life by
this rapidity of communication and transportation; but the new
methods of business have called into operation new faculties and new
agencies, and the trained merchant of former days is no longer a
necessity. These merchants of the old school were your most liberal
and public spirited citizens ; they were the leaders and promoters of
every moral, intellectual and social improvement. Essex county has
been enriched not simply by the honestly acquired wealth of her great
merchants, but far more by their example of mercantile honor and by
their generous philanthropies.
The Toast-master announced as the fifth regular toast :
The Memory of George Lunt:
Our poet fifty years ago, and our poet of today. He has gone from us full of
years and honors. His works and his memory remain, a possession to us and our
posterity. President Currier then offered the following remarks :
Ladies and Gentlemen : — I desire to say that the verses to be read iu
response to this sentiment were composed by the author only a short time
previous to his death. When the printer's proof was sent to him for
correction he was no longer living, and the verses have been allowed to
stand as they were first written. As his last literary work they have
peculiar interest for us today. If you will give your attention they
will now be read by the Rev. Dr. George D. Wildes of New York, a
nephew of the author.
ADDRESS OF THE REV. GEORGE D. WILDES, D. D. LL. D.
Mr. (Jfiairman: — In behalf of his kinsfolk and friends, I beg to
thank your committee for the wholly just and fitly expressed sentiment
in memory of my lately deceased and venerated uncle. When, this
morning, :is one of your invited guests, I came to this, my birthplace

OF THE SETTLE.MENT OF NEWBURY. 87
and early home, it was with the expectation of simply reading to you
the brief ode which, at years beyond the extremest limit of the
Psalmist's measure, and but a short time before his death, Mr. Lunt had
wittten for this two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement
of "Old Newbury." I, however, found myself assigned to a sentiment
deeply interesting and . grateful to me indeed, but which, under the
special circumstances, I am glad will, at a later hour, meet with fitting
response from another son of Newbury.
And now', Mr. Chairman, holding in my hands the manuscrijjt of the
ode, I am not sure that I can utter even the very brief words which
you expect from me. From my childhood, and as though I were his
son, I have been in receipt of countless letters from Mr. Lunt. Through
out the days of school life, whether at the old " High School " of New
buryport, or at Dummer, and especially at Exeter where, as a pupil
under the great master, Dr. Abbott, Mr. Lunt laid the foundation of
that scholarship in the classics which, notably in the Greek, eventually
ranked him as among the first of his own time at Harvard ; or whether
in my own college and seminary life ; nay, up through all the period of
my now lengthened ministry, I have been the almost constant recipient
of his letters of affectionate thoughtfulness and admirable counsel. I
look at this manuscript. "How my heart trembles while my tongue re
lates." Never before has the strong, clear imprint of his facile pen, so in
dicative of his own manly and straightforward character, come to my
eye, marked by signs of failing strength. His very last note to me in re
ference to the ode itself, and his own wish once more to return hither
and to be present today, betrays little of that which now somewhat tasks
the eye, and inevitably moves the heart to a tearfulness, which must be
my plea for the briefest utterances of a loving kinsman. And yet,
prompted alike by my own feeling and the admirable tribute of your
sentiment, how gladly and reverently — here within but a few rods of
his so recent burial — would I say more than the already prolonged ser
vices of the day warrant. I might speak of the ancestry of George
Lunt; on both sides, and from the day of the settlement of Newbury,
of worthy mention in its now almost hoary annals. I might speak of
the men of his ancestry, as, for the most part, "men of the sea." Him
self, never, as is said of the Roger Ascham of the time of Elizabeth,
"a far travelled man," — the line of the ocean horizon seen from this
familiar "March's Hill" of his boyhood, being perhaps the farthest
limit of his voyaging eastward, — George Lunt was a dear lover of the
sea. There is scarcely anything from his pen, whether iu prose or
poetry, which, as though the ocean were a grand personality, does not
betray intimate communion with all its moods. In all memories and

88 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
associations of our childhood, wherever some of us have gone, has
also gone with us, even to the ends of the earth, " the rote of the beaches ;"
which seems ever to have been, whether in stonn or its " aftermath
of lower moan," an element of influence in whatever he wrote or said.
Mr. Longfellow, himself of Newbury origin, once told me that whether
translating the Sagas of Norseland, or in any writing of his, the sound
of the sea, as he heard it in his boyhood at Portland, was seldom with
out its charm and power. The " Hampton Beach " of his earlier poetry
is the epitome of the many and varied ways in which George Lunt
was, if not a sailor, at least, under the law of heredity, a seaman.
His poem entitled "The Mayflower," is at once an illustration of this,
and apt to our commemoration. I quote its last verse :
' ' And far as rolls the swell
Of Time's retumless sea.
Where empires rise and fall
Their Pilgrim fame shall be."
The lateness of the hour, Mr. Chairman, and what I imagine is to be
the appropriate corhplement, in keeping with the occasion, of what has
gone before, admonishes me that I have said enough. If I had spoken
to the sentiment originally assigned me, "The Old Families of New
bury," I think it was, it would have been grateful to have said some
thing of Paul Lunt, the valiant captain of the company from Newbury
at Bunker Hill. Some years since George Lunt showed me the "Or
derly Book " of that company. I wish, with its record of " duty done,"
it were here today. In the provincial wars there were Lunts, of the an
cestry of George Lunt, at Louisburg and on other memorable occasions.
When Paul Jones sought out at the Hague, in Holland, young masters
and mates of American vessels, there paroled prisoners, for manning
the "Bon Homme Richard" for the fight with the newly built British
frigate " Serapis," — immortal in its results in the history of the Revo
lution — next to the afterward Commodore Dale, he selected for his
second and third lieutenants two young men of Newbury, Henry and
Cutting Lunt. '¦'¦Joppa " kneio them as bo-ys by the riverside. The al
most unexampled and victorious night battle off Flamborough Head,
placed them, as in one or another way, among the heroes of the re
public. Suffer me a word in closing, I must hurry for the train ; but the
father of George Lunt was my own grandfather, and his mother — a
widow almost from her youth up to her death — the grandmother, of
whom, at the grand return of sons and daughters of Newburyport,
in 1854, I h;id occasion in the oration of that day to make what St.
Paul terms "good remembrance." The father of my honored kinsman,

OP THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURV. 89
after a life of thirty-eight years, illustrated by a service of good sea
manship, of mercantile integrity, and of converse with great events in
his residence in Paris for years during the Consulate and the reign of
the First Napoleon, in behalf of the interests of merchants of the
United States, rests in hope, on the banks of the Senegal in Africa.
He had gone thither as passenger on his way to London, in a vessel of
his own, on business affairs. Abel and Joseph Lunt, both of whom,
with their father, are remembered today by an old merchant of New
York — died, the one by shipwreck, and the other by disease, at sea.
Henry Lunt, remembered by some here today present, the youngest of
the sons, sleeps at " Greenwood," in Brooklyn, New York- — after a life
of varied adventure ; distinguished always as a seaman of the first
class — buried in a lot "beautiful for situation," the memorial offering of
1000 children of a Sunday school in Brooklyn, which, in his later years
of a stormy life, eventually devoted to the service of his and our Mas
ter, he had been instrumental in forming and perfecting. Thus ends
my record, Mr. Chairman. I pray forgiveness for thus filling the hour
with what, if iu some wise personal and of family interest, seemed to me,
not wholly away from what every son and lover of Newbury would
wish more than anything else to invest and mark the commemoration.
And, mindful of the sacred adage, "he being dead, yet speaketh," will
you deem it quite out of the proprieties of the occasion, if before read
ing the letter and the ode, and remembering, that he who, years ago,
in his "Three Eras of New England" wrote what I am about to
quote, I offer as if from his lips now silent, this sentiment :
" The fathers of New England. Their personal faults passed with them into
the grave, — their just principles and noble actions survived and blossomed into a
living harvest of sacred and immortal memory." 75 Hancock Street, Boston,)
May 3d, 1885. )
My Dear Sir: — 1 enclose the poem completed. The object of the poem is to
present a contrast between the original character of the river and the subsequent
Improvements which have followed the multiplied setttlements upon its banks.
These could only be alluded to in verses of such narrow compass, and leave
room, therefore, for some exercise of the imagination. It is adapted to be either
read or sung. I believe the measure is preserved. In case of the name "New
bury," it is necessarily to be pronounced as of two syllables instead of three, and
that, 1 think, is the most common mode. At any rate the syllables run into each
other naturally. Of course your secretary will please send me a proof in due
season, that I may correct the piece if necessary. I expect to be in the city ten
days or a fortnight longer ; after that in Scituate.
Yours very truly, Geoege Lunt.
Hon. j. j. Cuerieb.

90 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
ORIGESTAL ODE BY HON. GEORGE LUNT.
THE RIVER.
1635—1886.
From forest-girt hills of the North
The springs of the Merrimack rise.
Mad river in concert leaps forth.
And wild Amanoosuc replies ;
Till down through the "Breakers" it rolls
And the sweep of the terrible bar,
Where cries of the many lost souls
Were drowned in mad ocean's fierce war.
Up-stream broods a silence profound.
Save murmur of bird, brook and tree.
Or footfalls of deer strike the ground,
Or red-man in chase dashing free.
Below, stood the Fathers of old.
The soil by their steps yet untrod.
Their hearts steady, honest and bold.
In trust of themselves and of God.
Soon echoed the wide-spreading wood.
The chopper's stout axe gave its stroke ;
Till huts by the banks of the flood
On sight of the wanderer broke.
Nor long, when for praise and for prayer
Its face the rude temple uprears.
And Oxford men ministered there,
Of men in its halls the true peers.
Years roll — fast and faster float down
Long rafts of the forest-felled spar.
And timbers to Newbury town
For fleets famed in seas near and far.
Oh, river ! so grand on thy breast
What wealth of proud trade wafts thy name.
Let Nashua's falls still attest.
And cities akin to thy fame.
To Newbury award, then, the meed.
All praise to her sires shall be given.
They sowed here the old pilgrim seed.
So favored of earth and of heaven.
May blessings that crowned her of old
Gather thickly in each coming year.
Her children, oh, long be it told.
Mixed joj's, hopes and memories here.

OF TIIE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 91
The Toastmaster then read the sixth regular toast :
Our Legislators :
Past and present, old and young. " In a country governed by law, bad laws
are of all bad things the worst, and good laws are of all good things the best."
President Currier said :
Ladies and Geiitlemeii : — The representatives to the General Court
of Massachusetts from the three towns — Newbury, West Newbury and
Newburyport, — are with us here today. In the performance of their
official duties they speak for all who live within the territorial limits of
Old Newbury. On this occasion I shall call upon Capt. Henry M.
Cross of Newburyport to respond, for himself and his associates, to
the sentiment that has just been proposed:
ADDRESS OF CAPT. HENRY M. CROSS.
Mr. President and Ladies and Gentlemen: — As it now requires
about sixteen or eighteen thousand of our fellow citizens to furnish
three representatives to the legislature, or as it used to be called, the
Great and General Court, we can realize of course that a seat in that
august body appeals to the ambition and pride of any one who desires
to stand well in the opinion of his fellow citizens. To be selected to
represent such a constituency as this in the Legislature of Massachu
setts is no small honor, and that our friends and neighbors should think
us worthy of it is a proper cause for gratitude.
But faithful attendance and earnest and conscientious service is a real
burden upon our time and strength, and I am quite sure that my col
leagues, Mr. Hale of Newburyport, and Mr. Smith of West Newbury,
will agree with me in saying that we would have been much better
pleased with our positions had the session not been so long. That
which seems to be a prize in January, is a burden in June.
And however hard we work, we cannot hope to make any permanent
individual impression upon legislation during our brief terms, and so
we think ourselves fortunate in serving this year, for we are sure of the
immortality of fame, which will come from having our names preserved
in the records of this anniversary. I had just spoken of the great
number of persons from whom the few representatives are now chosen.
Two hundred and fifty years ago every freeman was obliged to go to
the great and general court. Every church member was a freeman,
and every freeman was bound to be a representative and come to the
general court once a year. Soon after the foundation of the town it was
found to be burdensome to go so often, and it was decided that some

92 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
should Stay at home and the rest should send their votes by proxy.
But, Mr. President, the chief value of such an occasion as this is that
in looking back over the past we may find lessons of encouragement
and of warning to apply to our conduct of the present, and thus pre
pare for a wise and happy future for those who are to come after us.
The New England system of town government and the state legisla
ture which was evolved from it, presents the highest and most perfect
ideal of a real democracy which has ever been realized anywhere and
in any age.
But this perfect form of government was not reached by any means
in the first hundred years of the colony. It was an evolution, and a
growth, rather than a perfected system brought with them by the
founders of the commonwealth. The earliest legislators had little
thought or care for local self government. The General Court not
only dictated as to the affairs of the several towns, but as to the con
duct of individuals in regard to matters which have long since been
omitted from the domain of the government. The early legislators
concerned themselves with such matters as these : that Silas Plummer
might work a ferry at Newbury and charge two pence for each passen
ger ; that the price of beer should not be over three pence per quart,
and that the churches in Newbury should be zealous to drive out the
Anabaptists. But as the colony grew, and as the opinions of the people
were developed under their new surroundings, the theory of local con
trol of things local, and legislative control of things general, became
fully established. And so it came to be that in the old Massachusetts
towns the town meeting was the school in which the men of Massachu
setts received that political training whioh has made this a model com
monwealth. But as time goes on and the towns grow into cities, and
jirivate cares and interests grow more urgent, there is a tendency to
wards the neglect of political duties, and a growing willingness to
throw upon the legislature details of administration which belong to
the municipalities. All of this is progress in the wrong direc^on. ^^ e
should always hold as nearly as possible to the old town meeting
theory of government. The old contests between centralization
and local self-government are always renewed. The future safety
and prosperity of the State and of the nation require that all cit
izens should take a constant and watchful interest in public affairs.
The ilemocratic idea, using the word only in its broad and general
sense, h;is always been strong in this anoieut town, and I believe that in
the future, as in the past, the voice aud vote of old Newbury in the
jM:iss;udiU8etts legislature will be for local self-government, for popular

OE THE SETTLE.MENT OF NEWBURY. 93
education, and for the equal rights, duties and privileges of all men
under the laws.
The Toastmaster announced the seventh regular toast:
Newbuey Old Parish:
The valor and worth of its founders give peace and abundance to its people today.
President Currier said :
Ljadles and Gentlemen : — The early records of the tovi'n of New
bury and of the First Parish are substantially, if not identically, the
same. The history of the Parish is, in fact, the history of the tow^n for
many long and eventful years. A member of that Parish, — a grand
son of one of its most eminent pastors, — will respond to the sentiment
that has been announced. Allow me to introduce to you David L.
Withington, esq., of Newburyport.
ADDRESS OF DAVID L. WITHINGTON, ESQ.
Mr, President : — For freedom's sake our fathers crossed an angry
sea to an unfriendly clime and to a rock-bound coast. They sought
here thus afar a free religion, a free soil, and a free manhood. They
sought to found here a commonwealth in which the church and mu
nicipality should go hand in hand, and the Divine radiance of the Gos
pel light should illumine the path of both. A commonwealth in which
the temporal authority of the ministers of the gosjiel should be nothing,
but the influence of the teachings of the gospel upon each member of
the community, should be all pervading. If I might be permitted to
refer to what has already been said, they came here with no false ideas
of political equality, an out growth of false French systems of political
economy, but with the broadest ideas of the freedom of religion, of
land and of political rights. Such were the foundations laid by the
fathers on which to rear the superstructure of this great nation.
A few days since I stood in a crowded thoroughfare of the great
epitome and metropolis of the West. In the crowd which hurried by
could be seen the faces of the German, the Scandinavian, the Slav, the
Hibernian, representatives of every race and clime. But there wiis
something in every face whioh gave new courage to a heart which had
sometimes lately despaired of the republic. I saw there the impress of
a Puritan superiority. I saw the birthmark of a greater New England
in the West. I saw there a recognition that the Yankees were the
aristocracy of the West, the object which it was the ambition of each
to emulate, the thing to be, and I said to myself, here is a victory, com
pared with which even an internicine strife of four years, wherein the

94 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
chivalry of the South went down before the yeomanry of the North, is
as nothing — a victory of the descendants of twenty-one thousand Puri
tans who came to New England within ten short years, over the de
scendants of six millions of other immigrants, who came in other
times and to other States.
To what, Mr. President, will we attribute this remarkable capacity in
the Puritan? In the first place, to the uncompromising but enfranchis
ing and elevating character of their religion. There is something in
the Augustinian scheme of salvation, as expounded by the great theo
logian of Geneva, which has power to draw heroic qualities out of
common clay. There is in the great doctrines of foreordination and
irresistible grace the abnegation of human selflshness, the expression
of the Divine Providence ; for human ignorance and short-sighted
ness, they substitute the Divine Omniscience and Prescience; for
human weakness and dependence, the Omnipotence of the Everlasting
Arms. In their religion, then, I find the first cause of the enduring
and persistent qualities of this race.
The second chief cause is to be found in the town meeting, that safe
guard against bad administration and safety-valve of patriotism. Were
I to characterize the town meeting in a word, I should call it the ever-
present hereafter to the town officer, and the ever-present tomorrow to
the patriotic citizen who would feel that he, too, has a voice and a share
in the management of the affairs of the community in which he dwells.
From the time I was ten years old until now, it has been my delight to
attend the town meetings of the old town of Newbury. What scenes
have I there witnessed ! How many manifestations of false rhetoric or
reasoning have I there seen exposed ! How many acts of selfishness or
improvidence on the part of some town officer have I seen brought to
light and to the attention of the town in a manner that guar
anteed that in future the thing would be better done ! How many
scenes of turbulence and excitement ! Yet when the record was made
up, how wise the action, and how satisfactory the result of the meet
ing. If I might compare the government of the town to the govern
ment of a city, I should say that the town meeting was a place where
everything right was done in a disorderly manner, the meeting of
the city government, where everything wrong was done in an orderly
manner. Mr. Chairman, I have already taken too much of your time. I will
simply close with this sentiment. "The New England meeting house
and town meeting; perennial springs of religious and political life.
May their influences never grow less elevating, less inspiring, or less
copious."

OF THE SETfLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 95
The Toastmaster proposed for the eighth regular toast :
Thb City of Newburyport:
The veritable hub of the universe to its inhabitants.
President Currier said:
Ladies and Gentlemen : — In the absence of the mayor, an honored
citizen of Newburyport will respond to this sentiment. As lawyer,
soldier, representative and senator to the State Legislature, and Mem
ber of Congress from the Seventh Massachusetts District, he is well
known to you all, but today I call upon him as an ex-mayor of our be
loved city, to address you. I ask now for your attention while some
remarks appropriate to the occasion are made by Hon. Eben F. Stone
of this city. ADDRESS OF HON. EBEN F. STONE.
Mr. President : — I regret very much that the mayor is not present
to respond, in his agreeable way, to the sentiment which has just been
read. I had supposed till within a day or two, that he would be here,
but, in his absence, I cannot refuse, when called on, to do the best I can
in behalf of my native city.
It is well for us as a people, so busy, so enterprising, so aggressive,
so intent on the present, so eager for the prizes of life, so often es
tranged from each other by the jealousies and rivalries of adverse in
terests, that there comes, now and then, an anniversary day, which, by
a spell of its own, takes us out of the present, and carries us back to
the past, that lifts us, for the time, above the level of selflsh considera
tions, and quickens into new life the sympathies and emotions, so hon
orable to human nature, and so needed to stimulate and strengthen the
ties of friendship and of good neighborhood, but alas, too often neg
lected -and crushed out by the fierce antagonisms that seem inseparable
from the struggle for existence.
We are here to commemorate the settlement of the territory of Old
Newbury as it was founded 250 years ago. It is my native place, and
my heart instinctively warms toward it, and to all who belong to it.
Here, many of my ancestors were born, and some of them were of the
party, who, in the spring or early summer of 1685, bade farewell to
their friends in Ipswich, and with their faithful guides, Parker and
Noyes, went their way through Plum Island Sound till they reached
the mouth of what they then called Quascacunquen river, which they
followed for a short distance until they reached the upland on the
northern bank, where they landed, and began at once to build the plan
tation which had been authorized by the vote of the company of May
6th, 1635. They selected an attractive spot, and, as things were then,

96 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
presenting many advantages to the emigrants who were seeking a home
in the wilderness ; easy and safe water communication with their
friends in Ipswich ; upland and pasture and extensive meadows afford
ing ample scope and room for their flocks and herds, and easily pro
tected from attack by the Indians ; the Merrimack abounding in sturgeon
and salmon, and other fish, while the flats of Plum Island Sound were
teeming with clams and other shell fish, an unfailing source of subsist
ence, when crops might suffer from too much or too little rain.
I claim a lineal descent from many of the old families that are iden
tified with the early life of Old Newbury — with the Moodys, the
Poores, the Hales, the Somerbys, the Lowells, the Greenleafs, the Bart
letts, the Jacques, the Knights and the Titcombs.
The entire territory of Old Newbury has a charm for me. I know its
rocks, its woods and streams ; Plum Island and Oldtown hill, with the
salt meadows checkered with hay-stacks, crossed and recrossed with
creeks and water-courses full to their brim at high water, and stretch
ing their level reaches from the Merrimack to the distant clear-cut hills
of Ipswich ; Oldtown, with its farms and fields that lie open to the eye
on either side of the ridge road, reminding us of English scenery by
the richness and variety of their crops, and the thoroughness of their
culture ; West Newbury with its green hills — Pipestave, Crane-neck,
Indian Hill and Archelaus ; Bartlett Springs, Morse's Swamp, Devil's
Den, Four-Rock Bridge, Pine Island, and Deer Island, Pearson's Mills,
Dummer's Mills, River Parker, Artichoke and Little rivers, and enclos
ing all, the beautiful Merrimack and the inspiring sea. I love it all; to
me it is sacred ground, "radiant with the light that never was on sea
or land," and hallowed by dear associations.
Newbury, when settled, was a frontier town. It has a history that
will repay study and investigation. The story of the first settlers is
the story of brave men, instinct with the Puritan's enthusiasm for his
convictions, and selected to begin this plantation because of their fit
ness to extend the frontier of Massachusetts easterly, and to hold it
against the French aud the Indians. I would like to speak of some of
the circumstances that attended the settlement of the old town, and
gave it, I think, a special character. I would like to speak of some of
the men who were identifled with the early history of the town, of
Daniel Pierce, of Thomas Noyes, and Caleb Moody, of Capt. Green
leaf, and Col. Kent, of Edward Rawson, and others who served the
town faithfully in its early days, but I will use the little time at my
disposal in another way.
I will try to give you some idea of the commercial and social life of
Newburyport in its palmy days, of its sudden rise, and of its sudden

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEAVBURY. 97
fall. No place that I know of has experienced such violent changes of
fortune, in a short period, as Newburyport. It was marine commerce
that made it ; it was the sudden disappearance of marine commerce,
the result of causes entirely beyond the control of its citizens, that
stopped its growth prematurely, and postponed, indefinitely, hopes and
anticipations, that at one time gave promise of a brilliant future. It
was the West Indian trade, that, near the close of the last century, was
the life of Newburyport. It was the rapid growth of the merchants
engaged in this trade, the success of Atkins, Dalton, Tracy, and others
that caused a conflict of interest between the water-side people and the
farmers and land-holders of the old town, that ended in a separation in
1704. From that time until the great fire of 1811, and the war of
1812, the growth of Newburyport was very extraordinary.
In 1764 its population was 2,882 ; in 1810, 7,634. In less than fifty
years the population had increased nearly three-fold. Its increase in
wealth was quite as rapid. Its valuation in 1802 was $3,754,920. In
1811 it was $7,081,500, nearly doubling in less than ten years. But its
fall w^as more sudden than its rise. In 1825 its valuation w^as reduced
from over $7,000,000 in 1811, to less than $2,500,000. The great fire
and the war had nearly destroyed the place, and worked a radical
change in the social life and domestic habits of its people. As an illus
tration of this I will give you a fact, not worthy, perhaps, of the dig
nity of history, but very significant. In 1805 there were five large
livery stables in the town, and one private gentleman's stable of forty
horses, besides a number of family carriages. In 1820 these establish
ments were all closed, and the family carriages sold and given up.
But it is of the Revolutionary period, and of the twenty-five years
immediately following, that I wish especially to speak. There is no
part of her history where our beloved town — I cannot think of it as a
city — appears so well, where her enthusiasm and patriotism burn so
clear and strong, reflecting so pure a light on the character of her
people, as that which records the story of her conduct and self-sac
rifice during the war of the Revolution.
Soon after the separation took place between the inhabitants of the
old town and the water-side people, which resulted in the incorporation
of Newburyport, the struggle began between the colonies and the Home
Government for control, and in this struggle our fathers were among
the most active, ardent, and uncompromising. The policy of England,
which followed the conclusion of the French war in 1763, and which
was so clearly developed in the passage of the Stamp Act, was nowhere
resisted with more spirit and decision than here, and when war broke
out, all classes of our citizens welcomed the contest with courage and
18

98 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
alacrity, only anxious to outdo each other in self-sacrifice and devo
tion. Capt. Michael Hodge, foremost among his fellow-oitizens for his
energy and public spirit, read the declaration of independence from a
window of the meeting-house in Market square, to a crowd of people,
who received it with cheers and exultation, their hearts ready for the
contest. Our fellow citizen, Tristram Dalton, and our first United
States senator, writes to Elbridge Gerry on the 19th of July, 1776, "I
wish you joy on the late declaration, * * We are no longer to be
amused with delusive prospects. The die is cast. * * All is at
stake. The way is made plain, we have everything to hope from the
goodness of our cause. The God of justice is omnipotent." In this he
spoke the feelings of his fellow-citizens who spared no effort and no
expense to prove their devotion and sincerity. The records of the town
at this time give abundant evidence of the zeal and patriotism of its
citizens. In some of the principal towns of New England there were
disloyalty and discord, but with us it was unanimity and the most cor
dial co-operation. So united and patriotic were our citizens and so in
tolerant of anything like treason or disaffection, that not a single loyal
ist could be found within our limits, after the death of Col. Daniel
Farnham, an eminent citizen and barrister, whose death took place at
the commencement of the war. Bishop Bass was sometimes suspected
of toryism by some of the most ardent patriots, who were impatient of
his moderation, but the recent publication of letters in England vindi
cates his loyalty to his country and his Newburyport friends. It is a
distinction of which we may well be proud, that our beloved town had
not a Tory within its borders. This appears from the letters to Eng
land relating to Bishop Bass. Our merchants distingushed themselves,
in the early part of the war, for their boldness and success in priva
teering. Our government was without a navy, and obliged to depend
on letters-of-marque for the defence of our shipping from the depreda
tions of English cruisers. It is said that the honor of being the first
commissioned privateer in the revolution belongs to the schooner Han
nah of Beverly. This may be doubted. The Hannah of Beverly was
commissioned 3d of September, 1775, but, according to the Salem Ga
zette, a Newburyport schooner carried into Portsmouth, 9th Septem
ber, 1775, an English schooner, loaded with potatoes and turnips, in
tended for the enemy at Boston. It would seem from this, that New
buryport was ahead of Beverly, and I am inclined to believe, though I
have not looked it up carefully, that Newburyport deserves the honor
of taking the first prize.
There is a tradition here that the first privateer was fitted out by
Nathaniel Tracy, and sailed in August, 1775. Her name was the Game

OF THE SETrLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 99
Cock, and prayers were offered in the churches for her safety and suc
cess. All through the war Newburyport maintained her activity and
enterprise, and, — though her principal industry, ship-building, was sus
pended, — when peace was established, it was somewhat stronger in
wealth and population, than when the war began. She was quick to
respond to the call for volunteers to aid in the attempt by General
Sullivan to drive the English from Rhode Island, and in the expedi
tion to the Penobscot, made the magnificent contribution, to the state,
of four armed vessels, mounting in all over sixty guns. This was the
gift of nine of her distinguished merchants.
But not only has Newburyport a splendid war record during the rev
olutionary period — for twenty-five years succeeding the war she en
joyed uninterrupted growth and prosperity. Wealth flowed in so fast
that the merchants were at a loss how to dispose of their surplus. The
growth of her commerce in the days of her prosperity will compare
favorably with that of other seaports in New England for the same
period. In 1789 her shipping amounted to 11,607 tons; in 1796, to 19,752
tons; in 1806, to 29,713 tons.
With wealth came luxury and refinement, culture and style. It was
the age of merchant-princes, of fine houses, of gay parties, of elegant
and generous hospitality, and of beautiful and acccomplished women.
What a delightful society that must have been in the olden time, about
a hundred years ago. There were Lowell and Dalton, Tracy and Jack
son, Dr. Sawyer, John Coffin Jones, Samuel AUeyne Otis, Rev. Dr.
Cary, Judge Greenleaf, Stephen Hooper, brother-in-law to Dalton,
nearly all graduates of Harvard, all men of means, and given to hospi
tality. Their style of living was elegant, without ostentation, graceful,
generous and refined. Their good cheer was famous. I have seen an
inventory of some of their household effects, taken in 1 782, which will
give an idea of their habits of life. Tristram Dalton's domestic estab
lishment, which stood in its integrity till very recently, contained seven
horses, four carriages, 560 oz. of plate, and 1200 gallons of wine. The
inventory of Jonathan Jackson, who inherited from his grandfather,
and received, the day he was free, 20,000 golden guineas, and who
built the "Lord Timothy Dexter" house, so called, shows 4 horses, 4
carriages, 1000 oz. of silver, 40 oz. of gold, and 1000 gallons of wine.
The inventories of Thomas Thomas, John Coffin Jones, Stephen
Hooper, and others, were of a similar character. Dr. Sawyer had two
uncommonly handsome daughters, distinguished far and wide for their
superior beauty and style. I have seen a letter, written in 1803, by a
daughter of an ex-governor of New Hampshire, and the wife of an ex-

100 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
member of Congress, describing parties which she attended in Wash
ington, during Jefferson's administration, at the houses of the Presi
dent, and of the Secretary of State, and of the French Minister, in
which she says that she had seen nothing in Washington equal in style
and elegance to the parties given by the Sawyer girls, in Newburyport.
There were two sets of rich men, conspicuous in Newburyport, in
the days of its prosperity. The first was composed largely of men of
wealth and culture, who were not merely merchants, but accomplished
gentlemen, who enjoyed and appreciated everything that belonged to a
high civilization. They built fine residences at some distance from
their wharves and warehouses, and surrounded themselves with all the
comforts and refinements that wealth and education could give. Of
such, w^ere Dalton, Hooper, Tracy, Jackson, John Coffin Jones, and
others. Another set, nearly contemporaneous, but a little later and
more directly the product of the extraordinary prosperity that marks
the history of this period, was composed of successful traders, whose
lives were devoted, exclusively, to the accumulation of property, and
who built fine houses, not where they could command a view of the
open country, but upon the main streets, so near to their places of bus
iness that they were never out of sight of their ships and ware-houses
where their treasures were stored. Of such, were Bartlett, Brown,
Coombs and Marquand, Pettingell, Johnson, and others. Both classes
were patriotic and public spirited, but it was the first class that was
specially distinguished for the revolutionary spirit which placed New
buryport among the first for unselfish devotion to the interests of the
country. I have attempted a brief sketch of Newburyport in the past, not
idealized, but substantially true. I will not refer to the present. Today
we live in the past. Let us hope, that in the future our sons will keep
;ilive the memory of her enterprise, energy and public spirit in the
"times that tried men's souls," and, if not blessed with the concurrence
of favorable circumstances, which contributed so largely to the growth
of Newburyport in the past, prove, by their lives and conduct, and
fidelity to the interests of the town, that they inherit, unadulterated,
the good qualities which distinguished their ancestors in the days of
their success and prosperity.
The Toast-master then announced the ninth regular toast:
West Newbuey: "Here spread the fields that heap their ripened store
'Till the brown arms of labor hold no more.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 101
Here glows the apple, with the pencilled streak
Of morning painted on its southern cheek ;
The pears' long necklace, strung with golden drops.
Arched like the banyan o'er its pillared props."
President Currier then said:
L^adies and Gentlemen : — I am sure you would be pleased to hear
from several gentlemen who might with propriety be invited to respond
to this toast, but I shall be unable, from the lack of time, to call upon
them all to address you. I will, however, with your permission, intro
duce as the first speaker a gentleman of acknowledged ability, — a skill
ful lawyer, an eminent judge, — but above all, an ardent and devout
lover of the secluded nooks and picturesque hills that give to his sum
mer home its sylvan grace and beauty. I have the honor to present to
you. Judge Bradley of West Newbury.
ADDRESS OF HON. CHARLES S. BRADLEY.
Mr. President, Ladies and Ge?itlemen : — When the summons of the
committee to respond to this call reached me on Saturday evening, the
first impulse was to decline, for the reason suggested by the remark of
the president, that West Newbury had many to respond for her whom
I deemed more worthy of the honor than myself. But as I learned
that the same summons had been already declined, I yielded to the con
scription, feeling that you represented the place in whose clear air I
drew my natal breath, and that loyalty was due to the good old town
that had sheltered the homestead where my maternal ancestors lived
and loved, since the forest oaks gave way to the " steep mile of apple
bloom" of which your gifted poet sings.
The toast speaks of West Newbury and its rural life in the language
of poetry. As this is an historic occasion, permit me to respond with
the truth of history. That "the brown arms of labor" are tasked to
produce the crop rather than to gather it. New England farming is to
be valued not for its profits, but for its homes. A distinguished jurist
in the state from which I come has declared, from the bench, that matri
mony was intended for discipline as much as delight. Certainly that
other institution of the God of Nature, farming, was intended for dis
cipline as well as delight. Let not any happy young husband imagine
that matrimony and farming have these good things in the same pro
portion. Eve was given to Adam when they were in Paradise. He
became a farmer and she a farmer's wife when they were bidden to de
part from the garden of Eden into this world of ours. With this dis
cipline rightly used comes the one thing of value in the world, char
acter. The one possession that transcends all others, the home. West

102 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
Newbury is strictly a farming town. No railroad enters its borders.
No telegraph wire carries its silent and invisible message in the air.
The telephone is admitted, for it is the child of Essex county. It has
a few work shops, the first in time and character of their kind in the
country. Their existence is pardoned for the reason and because they
were introduced to make ornaments for the head of beauty. The great
industry of the county was represented there, yet when the fire de
stroyed its buildings, its able owners transferred their business to a more
congenial place. In this little farming town good and wise men have
been nurtured, and women,
" Saintly women, who made their households happy."
As au example of the growth this humble town supplies, permit me
to refer to a single calling. From the throng of the descendants of these
ancient towns who were worthy of the honor, and equal to the duty of
an orator of the day, you chose one because his calling was in your
judgment pre-eminent over all others, that of presiding over a great
university. From the beginning there were two colleges which shone
like guiding stars in our northern sky : Dartmouth, whose president
has honored us today, and Bowdoin. The name of Leonard Woods,
President of Bowdoin, needs no eulogium. He was born in West
Newbury. One of the honored Presidents of Harvard, Felton, was
born and nurtured there. In his election, the language of Homer, the
morning star of all poetry, the language to which the truths of Chris
tianity were entrusted, was duly honored. A goodly company of pro
fessors, teachers and authors, and of men eminent in the professions, in
the world of business and in public affairs remain, but it is allotted to
me to speak rather of the aspects of nature in this tranquil town, early
set apart and called West Newbury by the Fathers. It is composed of
a cluster of rounded hills, many with forms of rare beauty. There are
sweet fields among them often rising to the summits, with orchards and
stately forest trees. There are gardens there, and many happy homes.
Go with me to those hill-tops and look upon scenes which were there
ages before the white man stepped on the banks of the River Parker,
and will remain when centennial after centennial shall have rolled into
the past.
Turn seaward. There are the headlands of Cape Ann. Its cliffs are a
part of our granite mountains come down to the sea. It is the last time
that the mountains and ocean meet on our coast. It is from such meet
ing that the shores of the Mediterranean have their charms. South
ward all along our coast are sand shores, save where rocks of milder
form welcome the fragrance of the tropics, borne by the river in the

OF THE SETILEJIENT OF NEWHURY. 103
sea to the delicious atmosphere of the Narraganset. In this cool sea
and invigorating air behold the cluster of Rocks, Isles which should
bear the name as they do the monument of the great discoverer who
asked this boon. He was one of those men whom England in that day
sent over the world, of simple name, plain John Smith, and of a^ nature
strong and tender. In the East he could cleave the heads of the fierce
Turks dripping with blood for which they had always thirsted. In the
West the Indian maiden, daughter of the king, sprang to him to pro
tect him against the hand of her father. You perceive nothing of the
ocean in this vast expanse but its tranquil strength. " The hectoring
words and hard blows of the proud and boisterous ocean " which Judge
Sewall's poem commemorates, do not disturb our inland peace. Nothing
is heard save when in some great storm the mighty seas thunder all
along the coast.
Look now upon the land. From Agamenticus in Maine all along the
purple peaks of New Hampshire, to Waohusett in Massachusetts, the
horizon is filled with that most beautiful object in nature, the blue sum
mit of the distant mountain. Over the lowland south at night, when
the storm is coming, the lights from proud Boston shine in the sky. To
this expanse of earth and heaven many a day is given which, to use
the words of Emerson, "makes all the pomp of Emperors ridiculous."
This air, coming from the mountains or the sea, may sometimes hardly
try the weak, but it invigorates the strong. There is something of su
preme beauty in the old town. The poet of fifty years ago yet speak
eth. He prepared a poem for this occasion. As sent to the printer
without his amending hand it has been read to us in sympathetic tones
by his kinsman-friend. The theme of this last word of his muse is
this beautiful aud noble river, the Merrimack. It was admired above all
things else by the earliest discoverers who were aptly quoted by the
orator of the day. Talleyrand and Louise Phillippe once enjoyed your
hospitalities. With something of French politeness to their hosts, with
more of the artistic eye of the French for landscape, they declared the
banks of the river upward, as far as the pulses of the sea are felt, to be
unsurpassed in beauty. The monarch on the throne of France vividly
portrayed, to a distinguished son of West Newbury, the view from the
home of the first senator from Massachusetts, Tristram Dalton, on the
banks of the river. Through all the vicissitudes of that monarch's life
the scenes remained like a picture in his memory. The whole length
of the little town is on the banks of that river. I might easily say
more of a river whose first waters the old man of the mountain pours
from his rocky urn. The whole southern slope of the White Hills
sends the mountain brooks to swell its waters. Each rapid and water-

104 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
fall has become the great city. It moves more machinery, has more pro
ductive power, ministers more to the comfort of man than any other river
in the land. Its course is from the mountains direct to Narragansett
Bay. But enamored of the hills it turns backward among them and is
returnyig to New Hampshire, when Massachusetts, once in possession,
threw her arms round either shore and claimed the beautiful river all
as her own until she escaped into the sea. So that while we are today
within the latitude of New Hampshire and have her climate, we are
within the jurisdiction of Ma8S.achusetts, because she so loved the
beautiful river. "Massachusetts, God bless her!" said the eloquent
Southerner in Faneuil Hall. "Massachusetts, God has blessed her," re
sponded an eloquent son of Newburyport. How much of the influence
of Massachusetts, from the revolution, of which she bore the brunt, to
the present time, may be owing to the fact that nearly the whole
eastern coast of New England is here? New Hampshire has but a sin
gle harbor, and that she shares with Maine. Maine, once a part of
Massachusetts, looks southward upon the sea ; while the Bay State, not
content with both of the capes and all the windings of its shores, goes
round upon the southern coast of New England, and even envies Rhode
Island her priceless possession, the Narragansett. Its chief island the
French desired in return for their aid in our Revolution — too priceless
it was for any gratitude to give. And yet Massachusetts, within pres
ent memories, filed her process in the Supreme court of the United
States, and claimed that all the Eastern shore of that bay and its
adjacent waters were her own. The Attorney-General of the State,
then and now a distinguished citizen of Essex county, and an ex-Gov
ernor and Attorney-General of the State, whose home was in that city
by the sea from which the distinguished and eloquent gentlemen came
today with his tribute of the heart to the daughters of Newburyport,
conducted the controversy for Massachusetts. Its conduct of course
was honorable and able. It ended in an exchange of territory pre
viously occupied by each state, which a decree of the Supreme Court,
based upon consent, made final. And in this termination, Massachu
setts acted with generous justice ; and Rhode Island will be undisturbed
in her rightful possessions forever. Excuse my wanderings, Mr. Presi
dent. He who does not love the home of his adoption cannot rightly
love the home of his fathers.
One word in conclusion, suggested by something my friend Mr. Cross
said. It illustrates the changed condition of the times. And that the
present, in some respect, at least, is an improvement upon the past. The
Great and General Court of Massachusetts, it seems, once passed a resolve
urging the good people of this ancient town to stamp out the Anabap-

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 105
tists. My great grandfather was one of those Anabaptists, — Baptists
they called themselves. He preached in this and the adjacent towns,
and was not altogether unknown in religious or political controversy,
at Bunker Hill and Saratoga, as well as in the sharper contests at
home. And yet my welcome here is none the less, even from the good
doctor of the Standing Order by whose direction I speak. May I also
add that he was the first, I believe, to consecrate the waters of our noble
river, in one form of Christian baptism. Those who have seen be
lievers descend from its banks into its waters to be buried in baptism,
and to rise to a new life, while hymns of prayer and praise ascend from
sympathetic hearts into the heavens, have witnessed one of the most
simple and impressive religious ceremonies in the world.
At the close of Judge Bradley's address, President Currier said :
Ladies ayid Gentlemen : — I invite you now to listen to a brief address
from another well known citizen of West Newbury, who is thoroughly
familiar with her history and can, undoubtedly, recall to your remem
brance the men who in the past or present have been identified with
her material prosperity and intellectual life, or who have won for them
selves honor and distinction elsewhere. Permit me to introduce to you
E. Moody Boynton, Esq., of West Newbury.
ADDRESS OF E. MOODY BOYNTON, ESQ.
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — I am proud that my parents
and their fathers for two hundred and fifty years were natives of Old
Newbury; that they were honest and useful people, and represented
the Puritan faith which my ancestor, Rev. William Moody, and the son
of Sir Matthew Boynton, brought here with them two hundred and
fifty years ago. Not the warlike deeds of the Puritans nor their intel
lectual force that rose like a meteor and abolished thrones of Europe is
alone our boast of ancestry, but their fidelity to liberty and equality,
the Christian civilization they founded and the character they impressed
on our nation while breaking fetters for the world. Men may dispute
about the motives and patriotism of Csesar or a Napoleon, but the in
fluence of the Puritans' mental and moral greatness remains unques
tioned among the twenty millions of their descendants. Since their
advent more has been added to liberty, happiness, civilization, than all
previous history of man. Their work is their highest eulogy. West
Newbury, where I live, was first occupied by Caleb Moody in 1636, by
John Emery in 1640. While the ancestors of Moses Brown, of Josiah
Bartlett, of Ben: Perley Poore, of the Ordways, Johnsons, Littles,
Smiths, Baileys, Cokers, Rogerses, Fultons, Morses, Longfellows, and
14

106 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
Others followed soon after, but not until 1686 was the territory divided
and sold. The second church of Newbury was organized at this time,
and in 1705 removed to Pipe-stave hill, adjoining my residence. The
parsonage house was erected one hundred and eighty years ago, and
its barn was made from the beams of the first church built in the city
of Newburyport. How beautifully and appropriately our schools cele
brate this two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of a people where free
schools and free government had birth. Recalling the patriotism,
sacrifices and character of our ancestors is a patriotic duty. It is time
in our nation's wealth and luxury to reopen and drink from the foun
tains of its youth ; and he who sneers at the Puritans, might as well
muzzle the cannon that thunders the annual return of Independence
day ; patriotism still lives. Our Parsons, Garrison, Phillips, Whittier,
abolished slavery. The first hundred of the forlorn hope that crossed
Fredericksburg in the face of a hundred thousand hostile guns were
sons of Newbury in the nineteenth regiment, for they were descended
from those who a hundred years before marched to Salem bridge, to
Lexington and Bunker Hill, from those who manned the ships in both
wars that swept a thousand British prizes on the sea. Gov. Josiah
Bartlett, the first signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born
on the, Amesbury shore, opposite West Newbury. Samuel Bartlett, his
grandfather, associated with Caleb Moody in resistance to Gov. Andros,
were equally citizens of West Newbury. The ancestors of Daniel
Webster were the children of Mrs. John Emery, wife of our John
Emery, the great public benefactor. Mrs. Gen. Peabody, who made
such a noble impress upon the great banker, George Peabody, when a
child in her household, was a native of West Newbury, and her rela
tives are here today. Felton, the president of Harvard University, was
the son of onr village blacksmith. Bailey, the mathematician and
author and founder of the first ladies' high school in America, was a
native of West Newbury. Time fails me to mention our heroes of the
French and Indian wars that for a hundred years made this their battle-
line. The arsenal .¦ind signal station were on the hill where I live ; the
training field was consecrated by the footsteps of men who gave their
blood to redeem a continent. With us every step is history, every old
house a shrine. West Newbury has not in her quarter thousand years
of history had one murder in her limits. Today we look upon a city
of beauty where there was silence, while from orchard-crowned hills a
wondrous pi'ospect of sea and river and mountains unfold more beauti
ful to us than aught but paradise. We see our fathers like those moun-
t:xins today free from she mist that were hung with rainbows; their

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 107
hope has become fruition. Their virtues, like the mountains, are eternal
and lift us today to their higher claims.
The Toast-master proposed for the tenth regular toast :
The Patriot Soldiers of all the Newbueys :
From the Pequot war of 1657 to the late unpleasantness. Prompt at the call,
valiant in fight, faithful to the end, quick to forgive.
President Currier, introducing the next speaker, said :
Ladies and Gentlemen : — Among those who have come from a dis
tance to unite with us in these anniversary exercises there is one who
served in the ranks, as a volunteer, during the late civil war, and is now
a commissioned ofBcer in the regular army of the United States. His
recent struggle and conflict with an Arctic winter has won for him an
honored place among the illustrious heroes of the age. I shall now call
upon him to respond to the sentiment that has just been proposed, for
I know you will be pleased to see and hear from Lieut. Greely of
Washington, D. C.
ADDRESS OF LIEUT. A. W. GREELY.
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — I feel that this is not the
time to wear away your time with a speech. We are all tired. I am,
at least, after my long ride from Washington. But as I am called upon
I will say a few^ words, and I will begin by saying that there are few
here who realize the date of the Pequot war. Statistics show us that
the history of Newbury goes back beyond the commencement of Par
liamentary laws in Old England. When Newbury was founded the
armies which at Naseby, Marston Moor, and Newbury, established Par
liamentary government in England were as yet unformed, but as farm
ers and yeomen tilled the fields of England. You have heard today
how the Puritan soldiers went forth, and how they discussed the ques
tions of the day.
The speaker of the day has told you how by the aid of Newbury's
sons Fortress Louisburg fell into the hands of the English. How, later,
attempts were made to scale the walls of Quebec, and how still later,
the men of Newbury acquitted themselves with credit. As years rolled
on, as warfares with the old country sprung up, Newbury men were
there; in the days of the Revolution, and later in the war of 1812, and
again in 1846, and besides these were the Everglades and the Rebel
lion. In all these encounters Newbury's sons took an honorable part.
I call it the Rebellion, although one of the speakers has referred to it
as "the late unpleasantness.'' Don't mince words. It was a rebellion,
and so let us call it, and so I refer to it as the rebellion, not in any sense
of bitterness or desire to fight those battles over again. It was a re-

108 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
bellion, don't mince words about it. The men who fought us were
brave, generous, noble. They rebelled, so call it what it was, a rebel
lion, for it was nothing else.
Now what was it that inspired the men of Newbury? What caused
them to spill their blood like water on the rocky walls of Louisburg
and the heights of Chepultepec ? What, I ask, from the Everglades of
Florida westward to the plains of Wyoming ; what through the streets
of Baltimore? I think I can tell you. To my mind it is the sense of
duty which inspired these men. Without that sense of duty the sol
diers of Newbury never would have marched, and if they were com
pelled to march they would have fought to lose the battle.
Their actions in regard to the war of 1812 are no credit to Newbury.
There was no sense of duty in fighting for a cause which was repellant
to them. Brave men are from all nations. They spring from no par
ticular soil. I shall not speak of the men of Newbury as brave men.
To do so would be no compliment. They are brave, as all other men,
but something more may be said, which is shown by the statistics of
the war. Where one man is pierced by the bullet two fall by disease.
Now as we look over the records we see that where two men in this
war perished by disease but one died by the bullet. But we who look
closer find that instead of 68 men perishing by disease and 32 by the
bullet and sword and prison, that 52 men from Massachusetts died by
the sword and bullet and prison, and 48 perished by disease. That
speaks for the character of the New England man; that speaks for the
Puritan, and when you ask of what stamp and where is to be seen the
representative soldier of Newbury, I refer you to that great metropolis
where has been set up for the centuries and ages to come a beautiful
statue of one of the Puritans, a soldier with gun and bible, who fought
always with a sense of duty. One of the eloquent speakers has said
that the men of Newbury were lion-hearted. So I think and take
them to be. So you will agree that they were. They were men like
those who were with Arnold, that could not be tempted, and preferred
to wear the rags of the continental soldiery rather than accept the
enemy's offers. It may be that that is indicative of New England
character. As a son of Newbury I feel that perhaps it may not be the
place for me to apeak of some defects in New England character— it is
that sense of duty pushed to excess. It is my notion that we should
take a lesson from nature, and if we follow her we will ju-ofit by it.
One of the eloquent speakers before me has referred to the granite
which from the White Hills comes down to meet the Atlantic, and has
described the beauty of the field, forest and grass which overlays and
beautifies the granite. So let it be understood that this feeling of duty

OE THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 109
should be made beautiful and graceful rather than stern and cold.
Perhaps, however, I should not say this. I think perhaps to some of
you who stand here it may be a lesson in training the youthful mind to
feel that our sense of duty should not overrule everything. I thank
you very much for your kind attention.
The Toast-master announced as the eleventh regular toast :
The Oeatoe of the Day, and the venerable institution ovee which he presides:
May they long prosper together.
President Currier then said :
Ladies and Gentlemen : — There are, doubtless, many in this audience
who have listened to the eloquent historical address delivered at City
Hall this morning, and who have waited long and patiently for the
privilege of hearing again from the orator of the day. I therefore, in
compliance with your wishes and without further delay, will present to
you President Bartlett of Dartmouth College.
ADDRESS OF SAMUEL C. BARTLETT, D. D., LL. D.
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: — I shall not forget that I
have already had my share of your time and your patience today, and
all that I have to say in addition is simply to give you a sentiment,
with a word or two of introduction. From what you have heard here
this afternoon, you see clearly that in an historical address of Old New
bury, the difficulty was not what to include but what to exclude. I
gave you the history, and now want to give you a bit of prophecy, that
I found among the documents of the past. Judge Samuel Sewell, born
seventeen years after the settlement of Old Newbury, wrote in his ma
turity these lines :
" As long as Plum Island shall faithfully keep the commanded post, notwith
standing the hectoring words and hard blows of the proud and boisterous ocean ;
as long as any salmon or sturgeon shall swim in the streams of Merrimack ;
* * * as long as any sheep shall walk upon Old Town hills, and shall
thence pleasantly look down upon the River Parker and the fruitful marshes lying
beneath ; as long as any free and harmless doves shall find a white oak or other
tree within the township, to perch or feed, or build a careless nest upon, and
shaD voluntarily present themselves to perform the office of gleaners after the
barley harvest ; * * * gg long shall Christians be born there and
being first made meet shall from thence be translated to be made partakers of
the saints in light."
Now, dams and water-wheels have effectually driven out salmon and
sturgeon from the Merrimack ; in a recent visit to Parker river I saw
no sheep looking pleasantly down from Oldtown Hill; and though my
friend, Mr. Little, showed me on his farm a white oak, supposed to be
two or three hundred years old, I saw no free and harmless doves build-

110 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
ing their careless nests upon it, and no barley harvest for them to
glean ; while even Plum Island has so far yielded to the hard blows of
the boisterous ocean that the "Commanded Post," if it be the site of
the ancient fortress, is now on the Salisbury side. But good Christians,
and a goodly number of them too, continue to be born here still. My
sentiment is therefore — The old township of Newbury, that lives in
her history, and outlives her prophecy.
The Toastmaster then offered the twelfth regular toast :
Benjamin Apthoep Gould:
From his life of fifty years among the stars, he returns to his native land him
self a star of magnitude.
President Currier said:
Ladies and Gentlemen : — I will improve this opportunity to intro
duce to you a gentleman who for many years has labored arduously in
his profession, in a foreign land, and who comes back to us crowned
with honors. I have now the pleasure of presenting to you the emi
nent astronomer, Benjamin Apthrop Gould of Boston.
ADDRESS OF BENJAMIN A. GOULD, Ph. D.
3Ir. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — I thank you most sincerely
for this very kind welcome, and am most glad of the opportunity to
express my gratitude for the agreeable invitation that has brought me
hither. Nothing could have induced me to decline it. Yet, now that
you call on me to speak, I must beg you to remember that my avoca
tions have not been such as to give that pow§r of ready utterance
which one craves at such a moment.
There are pursuits in life, such as those of the pulpit or th-e bar,
which confer fluency in speech and a ready command of ideas even
while facing a large assemblage. For others, such for instance as as
tronomy, it cannot be claimed that they tend in such direction. Whether
they educate the eye or not, they certainly do not cultivate the tongue.
Still, under no circumstances could I fail to respond with all my heart
when the subject is Newburyport and her vicinity.
It is not as a stranger that I come, but as an adopted child, claiming
to be received as such. To Newburyport my first remembrances of
childhood go back ; of those years whose memories are not only the
earliest, but the most enduring and most vivid. I still see the vener
able grandsire who through his long life bore upon his cheek the scar
of Lexington ; the aunt, whose watchful tenderness w^as almost as that
of a mother; the first school-room that my feet ever trod; and the
voices of those early days still echo to my ear.
Never shall I lose the sound of that deep, moaning murmur which

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. Ill
nightly lulled me to sleep, and which they told me was the dashing of
the surf upon the bar ; nor of the winding of the driver's horn at mid
night, waking the slumberers as the mail-coach rattled down State
street, and rumbled across the wooden bridge. Even now, after more
than half a century, I thrill anew, in recalling the ancient apprehen
sions at the sight of the painted statues in Lord Timothy Dexter's
garden; and when remembering the monument to the memory of
Whitefield, there occurs yet more vividly that awful dread of his bones
mouldering beneath the pulpit, which the child seated in the front pew
was unable to banish for a single moment from his consciousness.
How well memory recalls that stentorian voice from the double-
towered meeting-house two streets away; the sonorous resonance of
which enabled us to profit by the Sunday afternoon's discourse as we
sat at the open window in Charter street. I had heard something of
Paradise Lost, and supposed the Milton whose voice was thundering in
my ears to be none other than its immortal author. Perhaps this was
not remarkable, for certainly the doctrine tended in that direction !
Then there reappears the venerable form of the Rev. Dr. Dana and the
stately presence of our own minister, Mr. Proudfit. How it horrified
me once to hear his spouse address him with absolute familiarity as
"John!" And not the least, among these memories, is that of the
spiritual peril said to lurk upon the north side of Pleasant street, where
Dr. Andrews ministered.
So too in later years I have felt almost entitled to citizenship through
my esteemed and near friends among you, partly bequeathed me, and
partly secured through special favor. Not to mention the living, — I
claim, sir, that there can be few who cherish a more cordial respect for
the memory of that venerable man. Dr. Withington, whose heart was
so much larger than his creed ; or of the brilliant and learned states
man, Caleb Cushing, who amid overwhelming official and, professional
duties found time to defend me and my cause, when feebly and almost
hopelessly struggling in behalf of the interests of science against the
tremendous opposition of the money-power in an unintellectual com
munity ; or to that man of wondrous enterprise, William Wheelwright,
for whose aid in two hemispheres I owe debts of gratitude. Hither,
too, has always been my annual pilgrimage, when at home, to gather
the trailing arbutus in April and the mountain laurel in June. But I
have no right to consume your time with personal reminiscences.
How very large has been the quota which Newbury has furnished to
the empire of the West. Just as New England is the mother of Ohio
and Western New York, and through them of still remoter states — en
titled to claim a fair share of their achievements and renown — so has

112 - TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
Old Newbury contributed in a large degree to the position which New
England has won for herself in history. I will not presume to speak,
in this presence, of the early history of Newbury, but I have been as
tonished today, in looking back to those comparjitively recent times
through which my own memory reaches, to see how great has been the
influence that has been exerted by this one town and how many are the
intellectual associations connected with her.
Here it was that Franklin, more than 130 years ago, when the spire
of the flrst church was shattered by a stroke of lightning, proved by
his inspection that the discharge had passed through twenty feet of a
small wire no bigger than a knitting needle and that had been com
pletely vaporized by the passage.
Here Perkins made many of his wonderful inventions — the steam
gun, derided then, but since developed into the Gatling of today — the
stereotype bank note with its microscopic inscriptions, and the like.
From here came the classic Dr. Popkin, once a very pillar of our
university, whose quaint form I remember in the streets and walks of
Cambridge when I first knew them ; the Greenleaf, through whom two
generations of New Englanders were initiated into the mysteries of
numbers ; and that other one whom it was my privilege to know when,
as colleague of Judge Story, he was helping to train so vast a propor
tion of those who have since that time guided the jurisdiction of our
country. What Bostonian fails to claim with pride the Newbury names of
Parsons, Jackson, Lowell, and Cary? Longfellow is yours, with only
one remove. The gifted, brilliant, sterling family of Feltons,, conspic
uous alike in classic culture, and in the application of* science to the
arts of life, would richly adorn the annals of whatever town might be
their birthplace. And I bring you witness that the whole continent of
South America honors the name of William Wheelwright. To him
that division of the world owes its first steamship, its first railroad,
first gas light, and first electric telegraph. And he is still cited as a
conspicuous example of intelligent enterprise, as well as of uprightness
and integrity, amid singularly adverse influences.
I may not longer detain you, Mr. President and fellow townsmen,
but may be forgiven if before taking my seat, I recall for our common
benefit the great moral of this occasion. This can scarcely be done
better than by citing anew the pithy lines with the quotation of which
the son of New'buryj)ort who served as your orator a few years ago,
and whom we all rejoice to greet again today, closed his interesting
anniversary address :
" They who on glorious ancestry enlarge.
Produce their debt, instead of their discharge."

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 113
The Toastmaster then read the thirteenth regular toast :
The Good Old Newbuey Families :
The houses they built show us what they were, — solid, lofty, spacious, genuine.
Abounding in utilities, but not wanting in ornament ; made to serve, to last, and
to adorn.President Currier then made the following announcement :
Ladies aiid Gentlemen : — I shall call upon a descendant of one of
the old Newbury families to respond to this toast, and I know you will
welcome him as a worthy representative of the men who owmed and
occupied the spacious houses, and who gave dignity and refinement to
the social life of Newbury, a century ago. It affords me great pleasure
to be able to introduce to you, on this occasion, Edward Atkinson, Esq.,
of Boston. ADDRESS OF EDWARD ATKINSON, ESQ.
Mr. Chairman, L^adies and Gentlemen: — When I received a note,
yesterday, telling me that I was to respond to this sentiment, I felt
rather worried. But I recalled the advice of the clergyman to a younger
brother who had difficulty in preparing his sermon. " Oh," said the
older one, "leave it as Dr. So and So does, until Saturday afternoon,
and then make nothing of it.'' (Laughter.) Perhaps the best speech
I could make to you would be to tell you a story to enliven the occa
sion. I went some time ago into an Essex county political meeting to
make a financial speech, which as you know is a weary business for
listeners, and a gentleman who had been dining out and had taken a
littie too much champagne, followed me. Next day an old friend met
me and said, "That was a funny meeting you had in Salem yesterday."
" How was that ? " I asked. "Well,'" said he, "an old lady who at
tended said 'twas a funny affair. The first speaker was very dry and
the second one had been." (Laughter.) Now, if I were to address
you at any length you might soon discover that I was the speaker who
'was very dry on that occasion, and you might even wish that the one
who had been were in my place. At this late hour I therefore think it
wisest to adopt the advice of the old clergyman, in a little different
way from what he intended, and to make nothing of the speech w-hich
I might have given you.
The Toastmaster proposed for the fourteenth regular toast :
John Geeenleaf Whittier: The Poet of Liberty and Natuee:
"All honor and praise to the right-hearted bard.
Who was true to The Voice when such service was hard,
Who himself was so free he dared sing for the slave
When to look but a protest in sflence was brave ;
All honor and praise to the women and men
Who spoke out for the dumb and the down-trodden then."
15

114 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
President Currier then announced that a letter, written for this occa
sion, by Mr. Whittier, would be read by Nathan N. Withington, Esq.,
of Newburyport. LETTER FROM JOHN G. WHITTIER. Ambsbuey, 6th Month, 1885.
Samuel J. Spalding, D. D.
Mil Dea/r Friend : — I am sorry that I cannot hope to be with you on the two
hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Old Newbury. Although I
can hardly call myself a son of the ancient town, my grandmother, Sarah Green
leaf, of blessed memory, was its daughter, and I may therefore claim to be its
grandson. Its genial and learned historian, Joshua Coffin, was my first school
teacher, and all my life I have lived in sight of its green hills and in hearing of its
Sabbath bells. Its wealth of natural beauty has not been left unsung by its own
poets, Hannah F. Gould, Mrs. Hopkins, George Lunt, and Edward A. Washburn,
while Harriet Prescott SpofEord's " Plum Island Sound" is as sweet and musical
as Tennyson's " Brook." Its history and legends are familiar to me. I seem to
have known all its old worthies, whose descendants have helped to people a con
tinent and who have carried the name and memories of their birth-place to the
Mexican Gulf and across the Rocky Mountains to the shores of the Pacific. They
were the best and selectest of Puritanism, brave, honest. God-fearing men and
women ; and if their creed in the lapse of time has lost something of its vigor,
the influence of their ethical righteousness still endures. The prophecy of Samuel
Sewall that Christians should be found in Newbury so long as pigeons shall roost
on its oaks and Indian corn grow in Oldtown fields, remains still true, and we
trust will always remain so. Yet, as of old, the evil personage sometimes intrudes
himself into company too good for him. It was said in the witchcraft trials of
1693 that Satan baptized his converts at Newbury Falls, the scene, probably, of
one of Hawthorne's weird "Twice Told Tales," and there is a tradition that in
the midst of a heated controversy between one of Newbury's painful ministers and
his deacon, who (anticipating Garrison by a century) ventured to doubt the pro
priety of clerical slaveholding, the adversary made his appearance in the shape of
a black giant stalking through Byfield. It was never, I believe, definitely settled
whether he was drawn there by the minister's zeal in defence of slavery or the
deacon's irreverent denial of the minister's right and duty to curse Canaan in the
person of his negro.
Old Newbury has sometimes been spoken of as ultra-conservative and hostile to
new ideas aud progress, but this is not warranted by its history. More than two
centuries ago, when Major Pike, just across the river, stood up and denounced in
open town meeting the law against freedom of conscience and worship, and was
in consequence fined and outlawed, some of Newbury's best citizens stood bravely
by him. The town took no part in the witchcraft horror and got none of its old
women and town charges hanged for witches. "Goody" Morse had the spirit
rappings in her house two hundred years earlier than the Fox girls did, and some
what later a Newbury minister in wig and knee buckles rode, Bible in hand, over
to Hampton to lay a ghost who had materialized himself and was stamping up
and down stairs in his military boots.
Newburj-'s ingenious citizen, Jacob Perkins, in drawing out diseases with his
metallic tractors, was quite as successful as modern "faith and mind" doctors.

OF TIIE SETFLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 115
The Quakers, whipped at Hampton on one hand and at Salem on the other, went
back and forth unmolested in Newbury, for they could make no impression on its
iron-clad orthodoxy. Whitefield set the example, since followed by the Salvation
Army, of preaching in its streets, and now lies buried under one of its churches,
with almost the honors of sainthood. William Lloyd Garrison was bom in New
bury. The town must be regarded as the Alpha and Omega of anti-slavery agita
tion, beginning with its abolition deacon and ending with Garrison. Puritanism,
here as elsewhere, had a flavor of radicalism ; it had its humorous side, and its
ministers did not hesitate to use wit and sarcasm, like Elijah before the priests of
Baal. As, for instance, the wise and learned clergyman, Puritan of the Puritans,
beloved and reverenced by all, who has just laid down the burdens of his nearly
one hundred years, startled and shamed his brother ministers, who were zealous
for the enforcement of the fugitive slave law, by preparing for them a form of
prayer for use while engaged in catching runaway slaves.
I have, I fear, dwelt too long upon the story and tradition of the old town,
which will doubtless be better told by the orator of the day. The theme is to me
full of interest. Among the blessings which I would gratefully own is the fact
that my lot has been cast in the beautiful valley of the Merrimack, within sight of
Newbury steeples. Plum Island and Crane Neck and Pipe Stave Hills.
Let me, in closing, pay something of the debt I have owed from boyhood by
expressing a sentiment in which I trust every son of the ancient town will unite :
Joshua Coffin — historian of Newbury, teacher, scholar, and antiquarian, and one
of the earliest advocates of slave emancipation, — may his memory be kept green,
to use the words of Judge Sewall, " so long as Plum Island keeps its post, and a
sturgeon leaps in Merrimack River."
I am very faithfully thy friend, John G. Whittiee.
The Toastmaster gave for the fifteenth regular toast :
Our Generous Bbnefaotoes:
We remember them all today with profound gratitude.
President Currier then said :
Ladies and Gentlemen : — I have the pleasure of introducing to you
a citizen of Newburyport who has always taken a deep interest in the
public charities and literary institutions of this community, and can
therefore with great propriety be called upon to respond to the senti
ment that has just been proposed. I ask you now to give your atten
tion to some remarks from Edward S. Moseley, Esq., of this city.
ADDRESS OF EDWARD S. MOSELEY, ESQ.
Mr. President : — I premise the few remarks I propose to make by
thanking you for your very complimentary introduction. I received
only yesterday an intimation that I was expected to reply to a toast on
this occasion, commemorative of those who have bestowed gifts to pro
mote the public welfare. I regret that more time was not allowed for
the preparation of remarks in some measure worthy of the subject.

116 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
and still more, that the duty was not entrusted to hands better qualified
to do the subject justice. As, however, it might seem in the highest
degree ungrateful to allow the sentiment to pass in mournful silence, I
venture to respond in a few words ; and yet the number of those who
have testified in deeds their love for our dear old homestead is so large,
surpassed by no other place of equal size, that time will fail me to enu
merate them all. Our generous benefactors ! " >Si monunienta requiris,
circumspice.'" Yes. Look around. The manifold gifts of our bene
factors form the basis, and are built into the very foundation upon
which rest our beneficent and educational institutions. Yes, I begin
the honored list with the name of Dummer, the colonial governor of
Massachusetts, who so many years ago laid the foundation of the
academy, which bears his name, and which is now renewing its youth.
Then at an interval the name of that worthy citizen, Moses Brown,
occurs to me, — the founder of the Brown High school; and equally
to be honored, Oliver Putnam for his bequest to the cause of education.
Josiah Little, Samuel Swett, Plant Sawyer, William C. Todd, and
others whose names are recorded in marble as benefactors of the Pub
lic Library. George Peabody also will live in the hearts of the people
by his munificent gift to the same object, in token of his recognition of
the affection he bore to this, his place of residence in youth, and
especially is our gratitude due to Michael H. Simpson, bone of our bone
and flesh of our flesh, whose donation towards the erection of the
annex to the Library exceeds that of any other person. [The refer
ence of the speaker to the latter evoked hearty applause.] The hon
ored names of William Wheelwright, William Horton, D. D., and
Daniel I. Tenney rise to remembrance, the last of whom has literally
impressed his benefaction in granite. I must not omit the name of
John Bromfleld, to whose muniflcence the city of Newburyport is in
debted for thousands of the shade trees which beautify her streets,
nor that of Edmund Bartlet, to whom we are indebted in great part
for our beautiful Mall. Especially .would I commemorate Anna
Jaques, the founder of the Hospital, whose kindly gift will tend to
alleviate the ills of humanity; nor should the ladies be forgotten,
whose loving sympathy led to the formation of the Old Ladies' Society
and Home. The gift of Moses Atkinson for school purposes, and that
of Eben Hale who contribute.! the fund for the relief of disabled fire
men, should not be allowed to pass unnoticed, and so of John S.
Toppan, who through love and affection erected the beautiful gateway
to the Oak Hill Cemetery; and theu the cemetery itself, originally
founded by private subscription, thrown open to the public on terms
of which all can avail. Delicacy prevents me from saying more than

OE THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 117
to allude to the gift of the Public Library Building to the city with
a fund to keep it ever in repair. I fear that in the brief time allotted
me, I may not have recalled the names of many, who here and now
deserve recognition and remembrance, but of this be assured, that the
record of good deeds done below is faithfully kept on high, and that
their sweet savor rises acceptably on swift wings from earth to heaven,
there to yield perpetual fragrance.
The Toastmaster announced for the sixteenth regular toast :
The Cleegymen of the theee towns :
Skillful alike with tongue and pen
They preach to all men everywhere.
The Gospel of the Golden Rule,
The New Commandment given to men.
Thinking the deed and not the creed.
Would help us in our utmost need.
President Currier, introducing the first speaker invited to respond to
this toast, said :
Ladies and Gentlemen: — The influence and ability of the clergy,
and the work they have accomplished here, are topics so interesting
and suggestive that I am sure you will pardon me if I venture to ask
your attention while two members of that profession speak of the in
cidents, and of the men, prominent in the religious life of this com
munity. I shall call, first, upon a distinguished clergyman, who has
lived and labored here for many years, to address you. Familiar with
the early history of the various churches organized within the limits of
Old Newbury, his views on this and kindred subjects are entitled to
your respectful consideration. I have now the pleasure of introducing
to you Rev. Dr. Spalding of Newburyport.
ADDRESS OF REV. SAMUEL J. SPALDING, D. D.
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — It is now so late in the af
ternoon, that it is hardly worth the while to make more than the
briefest allusion to the clergy of Old Newbury. From the first settle
ment of the townshij) they have been a most prominent and important
factor in the development of the character of its people, and the form
ation of its institutions. Some years ago Horace Greeley was passing
the night at our house. At the supper-table he asked if Newburyport
retained its old reputation. I said, I do not understand to what you
refer. "When I wai^ j, boy," he continued, "I used to come to New
buryport with my father occasionally a marketing, and I remember
that once on our return the neighbors dropped in to hear the news.
Among other remarks, my father said, they have more religion and will

118 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH AN^NIVERSARY.
drink more rum in Old Newbury than in any town I ever heard of.
The elder Greeley was not far out of the way in his estimate of the
place religion occupied in the minds of our fathers. And as our rum
had a world-wide reputation for its purity and excellence, it unques
tionably was appreciated and used freely at home. Both their religion
and their rum had the sterling qualities of strength and flavor. The
religion of the people was taught them by their clergy, and it incul
cated reverence, patriotism, fidelity and righteousness. Few communi
ties have had so learned, so able, and so faithful ministers as Old New
bury. The settlement was started high religiously and educationally
by Parker aud Noyes. Both had reputation and influence in the old
country, and since the settlement these pulpits have been fllled by some
of the ablest divines in America. Such men as Toppan, and Tucker,
and Popkin, and Withington, Tafts and Hale, Lowell and Andrews,
Tappan and Woods, Parish and Durant, Parsons and Dana, Bass and
Washburne, Spring and Dimmick, and others not less laborious and
successful. These clergymen were broad and comprehensive in their
plans of work and in their aims. It was natural that among men of
such marked personal characteristics, there should have been strong
and sometimes violent antagonisms, and this community has been
shaken from centre to circumference again and again by the theologi
cal differences of its ministers. But the upheaval has borne everything
onward to a higher, broader, and better spiritual elevation. These old
clergymen had the idea that they were not doing their duty as clergy
men unless they gave special attention to the flock committed to their
care. You have heard of their work as it has been alluded to today.
I might go on to speak of the characteristics of those men, but it is too
late. They have had their place, they have done their work, and the
character of the Newburyport people, the institutions which have
grown up here, the charity which is so wide and diffusive, comes not
alone from their heritage as children of such parents, but in no small
degree from the thorough training they have had in the church and in
the common schools.
At the close of Rev. Dr. Spalding's remarks. President Currier said :
Ladies and Gentlemen: — You are well aware that, at the present
time, a large number of our citizens are earnest and devout members of
the Roman Catholic church. We recognize the power and influence of
its clergy, and today invite the Rev. A. J. Teeling of the Church of the
Immaculate Conception, Newburyport, to speak of the work the clergy
of that church have accomplished here.

OF THE SETrLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 119
ADDRESS OF REV. A. J. TEELING.
Mr. President, Ladies and 6^eM<Ze«!e?),.-^-In responding to the sen
timent proposed, I but humbly follow in the steps of the historian
whose truthful page records what the poet has sung and what the divine
spirit of revelation has dictated. That is, that the clergy, those called
and chosen to teach mankind what their Divine Master taught them,
should always by tongue and pen elevate and make better those com
mitted to their care, should indeed impress upon them by word and ex
ample the sublime precept of the Golden Rule, love for God, and love
for all men for his sake. This commandment is the foundation of the
Christian religion, it bespeaks Christian faith, is the source of Chris
tian hope, and inspires Christian charity.
The checkered pages of the history of our city during the past 250
years bear frequent testimony, no doubt, to the zeal of the clergy who
have gone before us. As for myself, however, I know little about this
past, and perhaps it is better to look forward than backward — to act,
act in the living present — to see to it that this new commandment be
still more earnestly and kindly enforced. While agreeing, however,
with the opening sentiment proposed by our honored toastmaster,
another command, that of professing our faith before men, impels me
to dissent from the closing couplet, which so emphatically places the
deed above the creed. If they had been placed on an equality, if
while reading with St. James that "faith without good works is
dead " — he had also read with St. Paul that " without faith it is impos
sible to please God," I could most cordially agree with the whole senti
ment; and would do that the more willingly, because I realize that in
no celebration in this noble country of ours should the religious ele
ment be wanting. No country in the world bears stronger marks of
the existence of the religious spirit. America — the United States par
ticularly — is the child of religion. Religion, for I must call it so,
whether I agree with its particular tenets or not, sent the Puritan to
Massachusetts, the Quaker to Philadelphia, the Catholic to Maryland.
Yes, and to go back still further, when the greed of empire and of gold
failed to lead to the discovery of the New World, religion inspired the
woman who pledged her jewels to help the noble work. Religion en
couraged the first sailors who crossed the Atlantic amid all their doubts
and fears, and inspired them to plant the sign of Redemption in the
New World, even before they fixed the standard of their sovereign.
Religion has set her seal on the utmost limits of our country from
the rivers St. Lawrence and Holy Cross (St. Croix) at the north and
east to St. Augustine at the south and San Francisco at the west. So
much for religion in general. Now I would like to say a word about

120 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
it in our own particular city (whose 250th anniversary we commemorate
today), and I suppose it is incumbent on me to speak of that religion
of whose Golden Rule I am an humble exponent. The term Irishmen
and Catholic are almost synonymous. Now the Irishman is a foreigner
only so long as the law demands — that time expired there is no more
faithful American citizen ; his children are American from birth, but
Catholicity requires no naturalization in our land. It is no foreigner ; if
not indigenous to the soil, it has certainly the claim of precedence here.
However there were circumstances, which it is better not now to refer
to, that caused it for a time to be lost sight of ; but it was still here and
under the blessed light of religious freedom it has had a most luxuriant
growth within the last half century.
Sixty years ago there were in all New England only as many Catho
lic priests as there are today in Newburyport, and the Catholics scattered
over that territory had to rely upon their ministration. I dare say there
were a few" Catholics long before that period even here in Newburyport
— French and Irish ; for where in the world can you go and not find
one of the latter. It has been said that one of Columbus's sailors was
a McCarthy from Kerry. Joking aside, the hand of God, for some wise
purpose, no doubt, has sent the race the world over, and everywhere the
Irishman has taken his glorious old faith with him ; so we find as far
back as 1839 that Father French, on his way from Portland to Boston,
stopped over here, and gathering together the few Catholics, offered for
them the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass in the house of one of the resi
dents. Father Cannavan of Dover, N. H., for many years visited this
place once a month and ministered to the spiritual wants of the people.
Through his efforts the vestry of the Old South church was purchased
and moved to Charles street. This was the grain of mustard seed.
Father John O'Brien, of happy memory, who recently died at Lowell,
was inst.alled the first pastor of Newburyport and the surrounding
towns in 1850, and labored in this portion of the vineyard till called to
another. This good man was succeeded by one whom most of you
knew and respected. Rev. Henry Lennon, who built our present church,
and who after twenty years of hard labor for the welfare of the people
of his parish, which embraced Newburyport, West Newbury, Ames
bury and Salisbury, went to his reward in the month of July, 1871.
Of the present clergy and their work in ministering to the spiritual
wants of four thousand people, it becomes not me to speak, but I trust
their labors may be such that the golden rule may shine still more
brightly before all our eyes, so that those of our population who may
live to see our city's three hundredth anniversary may, looking back,
have reason to thank God for His loving guidance.

OF TIIE SETrLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 121
The Toastmaster proposed for the seventeenth regular toast:
The Liteeaey Class among us.
Native or adopted. They do us honor, and in the wide world their works do
honor them.
Immediately after the reading of this toast. President Currier said :
Ladies and Gentlemen: — I shall call upon a well known author, a
worthy representative of "the literary class among us,'' to respond
to the sentiment. He is at least a son of Newbury by adoption, and
claims to have discovered here that combination of rural quiet and
comfort, with enough of the bustle and activity of city life to give to
the locality a special charm and attraction as a place of residence for
those who labor with tongue or pen. I have now the honor to intro
duce to you that brilliant writer and highly esteemed citizen, James
Parton of Newburyport. ADDRESS OF JAMES PARTON.
The hour, Mr. President, is late, and the time appointed forthe even
ing exercises is near. I shall therefore spare you anything in the way
of a formal speech, and this I can do with the greater propriety because
we can scarcely be said to have among us a literary class. Here, the
spirit of literature pervades all classes, and even the production of lit
erature is not confined to any one portion of the community. Every
now and then we break out in a poem, a magazine article, a novel, or
else something ponderous in the way of a biography, and very likely
the hit of our season will be made by a new hand.
The first entertainment I ever attended in Newburyport gave me a
lively idea of the varied talents of the people who live in this region.
The play presented was written by a native of the soil; the scenery was
painted by a resident artist; the music, which was composed by a na
tive musician, was performed by native talent; and when all was over,
the ice-cream and sponge cake, which had been prepared by native
skill, was handed about by native grace and loveliness.
The entertainment of today might also be cited as an evidence that
neither taste nor talent is here confined to any class. I need not par
ticularize in the presence of an audience, who for the space of nearly
nine hours have heard and witnessed the exertions of Newbury genius
with unflagging interest. The toast, therefore, Mr. President, em
braces the whole population. In truth, that house must be poor in
deed in this place which does not contain its shelf of books, although
there is ever open for us all one of the most beautiful libraries in New
England. 16

122 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
The Toastmaster proposed for the eighteenth regular toast :
The Business Men of the Tiieee Towns:
They are the natural chiefs of an industrial people.
President Currier then offered the following remarks:
Ljadies and Gentlemen: — I shall avail myself of this opportunity to
invite a prominent and successful manufacturer of this city to address
you. His experience in the management of large industrial enterprises,
and his acknowledged ability and business sagacity will enable him to
speak, intelligently and acceptably, of the future business prospects of
this community. Permit me, therefore, to introduce to you Elisha P.
Dodge, esq. of Newburyport, — an active and enterprising citizen, who,
having established a new and important industry here, is entitled to
your respectful attention. ADDRESS OF E. P. DODGE, ESQ.
Mr. President: — -To be asked on an occasion like this to speak for
the business men of Newburyport, to be in that way associated with
the merchant princes who in the past have carried her name to every
port in the world, is an honor which I fully appreciate. I regret that
I have not the ability more worthily to respond. But I labor under
some disadvantages, for this is peculiarly the day of those who claim
Old Newbury as their birth-place. I have not that honor, and I can
not, as many of you can, recall the former times and tell of the part my
ancestors took in developing this community. They fought the good
fight on other fields. So the few words I have to say may most prop
erly be confined to congratulations upon our present condition, and to
expressions of my strong hope for the future.
It is true that by the revolution which steam power and machinery
have wrought, Newburyport has lost some of its old-time importance as
a commercial place. The revolution has changed but has not destroyed
our business enterprise. The ships of our merchants may be less in
number, and perhaps they do not, as formerly, carry merchandise on
every sea. Yet at this moment, on a hundred freight trains, the prod
ucts of our factories are being carried to their destinations throughout
the length and breadth of this great land. From Maine to Oregon,
from the lakes to tiie gulf, the manufactures of Newburyport may be
found in almost exerj city or town of importance. It is no disparage
ment of our sister cities to say the reputation of our work is second to
none. The pre-eminent skill of our ship builders has long been recog
nized. Our artisans in a variety of other industries are winning an
equally good name. Who has not observed development in other

OF THE SETl'LEMENT OF NEWBURY. 123
branches of trade, until we have today business men in every depart
ment of whom we may well be proud.
And as to the future. The feeling that success cannot be won here
is fast dying out. Why did it ever exist? Our situation, our facilities
for communication, are unexcelled. Our young men are capable and
energetic. Patient work in the right direction will bring us still fur
ther success.
But the material prosperity, which may as well be won here as else
where, is not all we have to live for. Nowhere on earth can more at
tractive homes be made than on our grand old High street. And the
culture and refinement so essential to the highest happiness pervades
the atmosphere of Newburyport. And so, Mr. President, while today
we honor those who have gone before and congratulate ourselves upon
our present prosperity, we will look forward, fully assured that this
goodly heritage will descend unimpaired to our children, and that in
their hands the fair fame of Old Newbury should never be dimmed.
The Toastmaster announced as the nineteenth regular toast :
The Monied Interest of oue sister city, Lawrence :
No surer guaranty of safety and hcnesty could be given than the connection
with it of that genial son of Old Newbury, John R. Rollins.
President Currier then said:
Ladies and Gentlemen: — Among the Newbury men who have been
called to positions of trust and responsibility in neighboring towns and
cities, there is one who early left the home of his ancestors and is now
an honored and esteemed citizen of a younger and more prosperous
community on the banks of the Merrimack, not many miles above us.
He has come back today to participate in the pleasures and enjoyments
of this occasion, and will, with your pei mission, say a few words in ac
knowledgement of the call that our Toastmaster has made upon him.
Allow me to present to you Hon. John R. Rollins of Lawrence.
ADDRESS OF HON. JOHN R. ROLLINS.
Mr. President and Friends: — I have no doubt you have all heard of
the man who in the early part of the late war was so very patriotic
that he was willing to sacrifice his own and his wife's relations upon
the altar of his country, provided he could be exempt. I am much in
the same predicament; and in this presence could feel entirely resigned
to sacrifice all my friends upon your festal altar; but I should feel un
grateful indeed if I failed to thank your committee for the honor of
their invitation, and the opportunity of enjoying this glorious celebra
tion. I have listened with much pleasure to the reminiscences of Ould

124 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
Newbury and would only add a few words. You have referred to me
as belonging to Lawrence. Born in the old town of Newbury, Law
rence has been my home during most of the years of its existence.
And allow me to say that I think Lawrence is sort of cousin or near rel
ative of your town. How? Francis C. Lowell, Patrick T. Jackson
and Paul Moody, all natives of Newbury, were the founders of Lowell.
Dr. James Jackson, also a native of Newbury, had a daughter who mar
ried Hon. Chas. S. Storrow, one of the engineers of the Boston & Low
ell railroad, for many years its manager, and subsequently the agent of
the Essex, (or Locks <fc Canals Co.) of Lawrence, and still its president.
Thus you see that Newbury men set the forces in motion that built up
both those cities on the beautiful river. And in one particular, cer
tainly, neither has discredited its parentage. I refer to patriotism.
For the immortal 6th regiment gave from the Lowell and Lawrence com
panies the first martyrs to the cause of the Union in the streets of Bal
timore, and Company M, formerly Company K, of the 6th now consti
tutes a part of your glorious old 8th Regiment, which was also one of
the first to rally to the defence of the flag. But I must say no more,
except again to thank you for your courtesy.
At the close of the address made by Mr. Rollins, President Currier
said: Ladies and Gentlemen: — The lengthening shadows remind me that
the day is ending, and that these exercises must be brought to au
abrupt close. Before we separate, however, I desire that some verses
suggested by this occasion and written by a lineal descendant of Henry
Sewall, — one of the flrst settlers of Old Newbury, — may be read for
your ediflcation. I shall therefore take the liberty, even at this late
hour, of inviting a former townsman— Thomas W. Silloway, esq., of
Boston — to read the verses that have been entrusted to his care, and so
bring to a fitting close the literary exercises of the day.
ADDRESS OF THOS. W. SILLOWAY, ESQ.
Mr. President and Friends:~Not long ago you did me the honor
to listen to a public address in which I related the result of my obser
vations in the town of Newbury, England, the place from which emi
grated in 1634 the more prominent, and I may add, distinguished set
tlers of this community. Remembering this fact, and knowing that to
day a large number of interesting speakers would be present, I thought
to fall back on my earlier honors and remain silent. But an event in
teresting to me, and I think to you as well, has induced me to offer a

OF TIIE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 125
few words by way of introduction to the verses I have been called
upon to read.
There are probably but few within the sound of my voice who have
not read or heard of the ancient grave-stone in the Oldtown Burying
Ground, marking the spot where repose the mortal remains of Henry
Sewall, and reciting that in 1 635 "he helped begin this plantation, fur
nishing English servants, neat cattle, and provisions." Recognizing his
claim to be remembered on this occasion, I also wish to impress upon
your minds the fact that in the town of Medfield, Mass., there resides
one of his direct descendants, the Rev. Chas. C. Sewall, a well known
Unitarian clergyman, born May 10, 1802, and consequently now in the
eighty-fourth year of his age.
On the thirtieth day of April last, while meditating on the subject of
the proposed celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of
the settlement of Newbury, and realizing that his infirmities would not-
allow him to participate in the exercises of the day, he was moved to
write the hymn I am about to read, not expecting that it would be used
on this occasion, but merely -that he might give expression to the
thoughts that the theme inspired. Its devout spirit and vigorous tone
show that "while the outward man has been perishing the inward one
has been renewed day by day.''
The verses were handed to Mr. Samuel B. Noyes of Canton, a friend
of the author, who expected to be here today. In his absence, how
ever, I have been asked to read them, and now, without consultation or
conference with the venerable author, I submit them for your approval
and kind consideration. OEIGINAL HYMN BY EEV. OHAELES 0. SEWALL OF MEDFIELD.
O Thou, to whom our fathers prayed, —
Trusting Thy grace to share;
When here, in faith, new homes they made.
Relying on Thy care;
Accept we pray, our offering
Of gratitude and praise;
This day no chronicle can bring
To mar their fame and ways.
Their hearts and lives they consecrate
To do and bear Thy will,
Though trials sore, and hardships great,
The path they trod might fill.
O give to us who live to reap
Blessings they made to be,

126 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVEKSAEY
Wisdom and will, we need, to keep
Like faith — like trust in Thee.
Our all to Thee we consecrate, —
Our aim and joy Thy will;
That we may leave, or soon, or late.
These homes so lovely still.
'Tis Thine alone, O God! to bless
As Thou our fathers blest;
Thy words of love and kindness.
Have brought them peace aud rest.
And now, Mr. President and fellow citizens, I only desire to add, in
closing, that the author of these lines, although an octogenarian, is still
interested in the welfare and prosperity of this old town, where his an
cestors lived and died. He is a noble christian gentleman, — a saint
still in the flesh, — ready with tongue or pen to do his share in commem
orating the virtues and heroism of the men and women who landed on
the banks of the River Parker in 1635.
Impelled by the same sentiment we have assembled here to offer our
tributes of praise and revive our recollections of the past. It has cer
tainly been a day well spent, and I trust a season of pleasure and profit
to us all.

At the close of Mr. Silloway's remarks, it being then nearly seven
o'clock p. m., the audience was dismissed and soon quietly dispersed.

EVENING RECEPTION.

EVENING EECEPTION.

During the literary exercises of the afternoon the final preparations
were made, under the direction of a special committee, consisting of
of Messrs. S. J. Spalding, P. K. Hills and Edward F. Bartiett. for the
Reception and Levee to be held at City Hall that evening. All the
seats on the floor of the upper hall were removed, in order that amjjle
space might be provided for the accommodation of those who desired
to attend. The temporary platform was taken down, and the stage, re
stored to its original dimensions, was specially reserved for the mem
bers of the orchestra, who were to furnish the music, under the direc
tion of Mr. Thomas M. Carter of Boston. The walls of the council
chamber were hung with the portraits of men and women prominent in
the history of Old Newbury, collected and arranged by John T. Brown,
esq., of Newburyport.
The company began to assemble as early as half-past seven o'clock
p. m. A large number of citizens, young and old, with many distin
guished guests from abroad, occupied seats in the balcony, or gathered
in groups about the Hall, greeting old acquaintances, renewing old ties
of friendship, or quietly listening to the inspiring music, which w'as ren
dered by the orchestra in accordance with the following programme :
1. San Feanoisoo Maech  Carter
2. Overtuee— Poet and Peasant  Suppe
2. Selection — II Trovatore  Verdi
4. Minuet  Boccherini
5. Waltz— Leinates Klange  Lubitzlcy
6. SoNG—Sweet Genevieve  Tucker
Cornet Solo by Me. W. H. Chambers.
7. Galop— Ringbahn  Popp
8. Waltz— Normen  Strauss
9. Songs Without Woeds  Parlow
10. Mazueka— One Heart, One Soul  Strmu-ss
11. Waltz— Forget Me Not  Waldtmfel
17

130 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
The special committee on reception invited John T. Brown, Esq., a
member of the general committee, to make the proposed collection of
portraits, and placing the matter in his hands gave him full authority
to complete the necessary arrangements for carrying out this part of
the programme. Mr. Brown accepted the invitation and was active and
unwearied in his efforts to make the collection worthy of the occasion,
and was certainly more successful in this respect than could have been
reasonably expected, as will be seen by an examination of the list of
portraits given below, representing clergymen, lawyers, shipmasters,
merchants, and ladies prominent in the history and society of old New
bury fifty or a hundred years ago :

eev. JOHN ADAMS.
Known as "Reformation John," who was the founder of Methodism in Newbury
in 1825, and was the first pastor of the Adelphia street (now Purchase street)
Methodist Society. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
Sixth President of the United States, who came to Newburyport m 1787 and
remained three years, studying law with Chief Justice Parsons. Delivered an
address of welcome to President Washington on his visit to this town in 1789.
Portrait painted 1815 at the time of the Treaty of Ghent. Aged 47.
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
Painted in Washington, D. C, by A. Giebert, in 1844, when Mr. Adams was 76
years of age. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
A very fine portrait of the sixth President of the United States, painted by
Healey, representing Mr. Adams as he appeared towards the close of his life.
rev. JOHN ANDREWS, D. D.
Pastor Pleasant street Society, Newburyport, from 1788 to 1830.
JOHN BALOH.
Underwriter and merchant and Revolutionary soldier. Born 1760 ; died 1886.
EDMUND BARTLET.
He laid out "Bartlet Mall," making a donation of seven-ninths of the entire cost
of the same, and its name, "Bartlet Mall" given in his honor.
OFFIN BOARDMAN, SENIOR.
A sea captain and large ship owner. Revolutionary soldier. Prisoner in Eng
land from 1776 to 1779. Escaped to France, thence to America. He piloted a
British transport into Newburyport harbor, and after safely getting her in the

OF THE SEITLEMENT OF NEWBl'RY. 131
harbor he suddenly turned and ordered some of his associates to haul down the
British flag. Bom 1747; died 1811. Painted in 1787.
A MAEINE VIEW.
Sketch of Offin Boardman, senior, on the deck of the transport ordering the
British commander to haul down his flag.
OFFIN BOARnMAN JR.
Sixth of the name. His ancestors gave the land for Boardman street in 1707.
A master mariner, very successful. Coat buttons always ten cent, and vest flve
cent coins. Swain, artist. Painted iu 1825.
SARAH GREENLEAF.
Wife of Offln Boardman, Sr. Portrait painted in 1787.
JUDITH BOARDMAN.
Wife of Offin Boardman, jr. Swain, artist. Painted in 1825.
RT. EEV. EDWAED BASS.
First Episcopal Bishop of Massachusetts from 1797 to 1803. Rector of St.
Paul's church fifty-one years. CAPT. MOSES BEOWN.
A very brave man, of great courage, as master of frigates in Revolutionary
war, and also in the French war of 1796 to 1801.
JUDGE NATHANIEL BYFIELD.
Judge of the Admiralty. Byfield Parish was named for him, and in return for
the compliment Judge Byfield gave a bell in 1703 for the meeting house. Born in
1653; died in 1733. CAPTAIN EOBEET BAYLEY.
Shipmaster and importer in West India trade for a long term of years. A man
of great benevolence. MR. ABNER CALDWELL.
Promident as a merchant in Newburyport fifty years ago.
MRS. LYDIA STOREY CALDWELL.
Wife of Mr. Abner Caldwell, of Newburyport.
REV. THOMAS OAEY.
Pastor First Religious (now Pleasant street) Society from 1769 to 1788.
MADAME OAEY.
Wife of Rev. Thomas Cary, pastor of the Pleasant street church.
CAPT. DAVID COATES.
Prominent in the organization of the Marine Society ; commanded one of four
vessels sent by Newburyport merchants to drive the British out of Penobscot bay.
MES. DAVID COATES.
Wife of Captain David Coates.

132 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
MISS COATES.
Daughter of Capt. David Coates, and wife of Col. John Greenleaf.
CAPT. DAVID COFFIN.
A merchant widely known as an importer and owner of shipping.
MES. DAVID COFFIN.
Wife of Capt. David Coffin. REV. PAUL OOFFIN.
Born in Newbury 1737; died 1821.
COL. JEEEMIAH COLMAN.
Chief marshal at the anniversary in 1835, a prominent official in the old Massa
chusetts militia. Bom in Newbury 1783. T. B. Lawson, artist.
CAPT. CHARLES COOK.
Painted at Antwerp. Artist unknown. WILLIAM CUEEIEE.
Representative to the Legislature from Newburyport in 1835 — introduced
Acting Govemor Armstrong to the citizens at the anniversary 1835 — was captain
of marines on the privateer Decatur, Captain William Nichols, in the war of
1812. Bom June 1778; died April, 1854.
CALEB CUSHING.
Orator ot the 200th anniversary settlement of Newbury, first mayor of New
buryport, State Senator, Representative to Congress, Minister Plenipotentiary to
China, United States Minister to Spain, Attorney General of the United States
and counsel for the United States Govemment before the Tribunal of Arbitra
tion at Geneva. JOHN N. CUSHING.
One of the largest and most successful ship owners in this State — as an im
porter of European goods he was widely known.
EEV. DANIEL DANA, D. D.
Third pastor of First Presbyterian church of Newburyport, from 1794 to 1820.
President Dartmouth college, and pastor of Second Presbyterian church of New
buryport. LORD TIMOTHY DEXTER.
Famous for many eccentricities. He founded the "Dexter Fund" for the poor
of Newburyport. Born 1743 ; died 1808. Portrait painted 1798.
REV. DR. L. F. DIMMIOK.
Third pastor of the North church of Newburyport, from 1819 to 1860.
GOVERNOR WILLIAM DUMMEE.
Founder of Dummei- Academy. A wise Governor and man of great philan
thropy and public spirit, t^opley, artist.
LADY DUMMER.
Wife of Governor Dummer. Copley, artist.

OF THE SETTLE5IENT OF NEWBl'RY. 133
DANIEL FOSTEE.
Sergeant under Lafayette in 1776. A sword was presented him by Lafayette
as a token of friendship and a tribute to his bravery. Born March. 1762- died
August, 1833. DEACON EZEA HALE.
Town clerk of Newbury for thirty-six successive years. Was always a resident
of Newburj'. COLONEL EBEN HALE.
Many years president Ocean Bank, Newburyport. Was largely interested in
shipping. DE. EBENEZEE HALE.
Graduate of Dartmouth Medical College 1829. Founded "Hale Fund for the
benefit of Firemen." Practised his profession in Newbury, Vt., and Boston, Mass.
He retired early on account of ill health. Born 1809; died 1847.
JOHN HAEEI8.
Held several important offices under President Washington. Copley, artist.
ELIZABETH TITCOMB.
Wife of John Harris; mother of the late Mrs. Hervey Kimball.
THOMAS HALE.
Came to Newbury in 1785. Learned the hatter's trade and started a hat factory
in Belleville, in which he was very suceessful. He was very benevolent. In later
years he engaged in shipping to a considerable extent. Born 1773; died 1886.
EEV. DE. BENJAMIN HALE.
Professor in Dartmouth College; president of Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y. ;
was very successful as an educator of youth, and prominent as a minister of the
Episcopalian denomination. J0.SIAH L. HALE.
He was very successful in Marine insurance matters, being one of the founders
of the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company in New York. Mr. Hale was also
president of this company, which was the largest in the United States.
MOSES L. HALE.
Por forty-five years prominent in business circles in Boston, and was also an
influential officer of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
REBECCA HOOPER.
The daughter of King Hooper of Marblehead, and sister of Mrs. Dalton, wife
of Tristam Dalton ; afterwards the wife of Lewis Jenkins, and grandmother of
Mrs. Caroline J. Currier of Newburyport. Born 1755 ; died 1790. A crayon
portrait by Copley, made in 1775. NATHAN HOYT.
Active in social and public matters, and ship owner, largely interested in
European and West India trade. Was a prominent member of the Pleasant street
society, and had charge of building the meeting house on Pleasant street. Fainted
in 1800.

134 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
MKS. NATHAN HOYT.
Wife of Mr. Nathan Hoyt. Painted in 1800.
MISS ANNA JAQUES.
Founded the " Anna Jaques Hospital " in Newburyport, and also gave large
amounts of money for charitable purposes. Born 1801 ; died January, 1885.
ANTHONY KNAPP.
A prominent shipmaster. Painted in New Orleans, 1801.
J. J. KNAPP.
At 21 years of age. Merchant and ship owner many years, and forty years
secretary Newburyport Fire Insurance Company.
OOL. JOSIAH LITTLE.
A man of energy and great business capacity. He was engaged in large real es
tate transactions, and in the ownership and management of ships. Was nineteen
times elected representative to the Legislature. He gave liberally to Bowdoin
CoUege and also contributed largely to the building of Belleville church. Born
1747; died 1830. JOSIAH LITTLE.
Son of Col. Josiah Little, the founder of the Newburyport Public Library. He
was president of the Mechanicks Bank, Institution for Savings, and Bartlett cot
ton mills, and also State senator. Mr. Little also endowed a professorship in
Bowdoin College. MlCAJAH LUNT, SENIOR.
Born in Newburj-, 1764. He was captured three times during the Revolu
tionary war. A successful ship master and prominent merchant. Died 1840.
MlCAJAH LUNT, JE.
Prominent in town and State affairs, and large ship owner. Born 1796, died 1874.
REV. JOHN O. MAECU.
Second pastor Belleville churcli, from 1832 to his death in 1846. At the 200th
anniversary in 1835, Mr. March read the scriptures from a Bible printed in 1635.
REV. C. W. MILTON.
Was first pastor Fourth Religious (Prospect street) society, from 1794 to 1842.
REV. JAMES MILTIMORE.
First pastor Belleville church, from 1808 to 1886.
EEV. JAMES MORSS, D. D.
Hector St. Paul's church, Newburyport, from 1803 to 1842. Prayer at the 200th
anniversary was oft'ered by Dr. Morss. Painted in 1804.
SAMUEL MULLIKEN.
Sliipmaster and cashier of Merchants Bank, Newburyport, for many years.

OF THE SETILEJIENT OF NEWHURY. 135
EBENEZER MOSELBY^.
A graduate of Yale College. Studied law and settled in Newburyport in 1805.
Was colonel of the Sixth Regiment in the war of 1812 to 1814. Was member of
the JIassachusetts Legislature in the Senate and House ten years. He was the
president of the day at the 200th anniversary of the settlement of Newbury, and
also connected with banking and insurance interests of Newburyport, and ranked
high for his legal ability. Born 1781; died 1854.
REV. JOHN MUEEAY.
Second pastor of the First Presbyterian church, Newburyport, from 1781 to 1793.
JEREMIAH NELSON.
President of the Merrimac Insurance Company. Treasurer from 1827 to 1838 of
the Institution for Savings, and member of Congress from this district for seven
teen years. REV. JONATHAN PARSONS.
First minister of the First Presbyterian church of Newburyport from 1746 to
1776. A preacher of great ability and very eloquent in his discourses. His re
mains are buried in a tomb under the pulpit of that church with those of Rev.
George Whitefield. THEOPHILUS PARSONS.
Chief justice of Massachusetts. He was authority in all matters connected with
the law, and his opinions remain undisputed in the courts at the present time.
JACOB PERKINS.
An inventor who displayed great ability in America, and in Europe his talents
as an inventor were fully recognized. LIEUT. AMOS PEARSON.
Wounded at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Eighty years old when this portrait
was painted. BENJAMIN PIERCE.
A successful shipmaster and merchant and largely interested in commerce. In
the war of 1812 he gave to the American government the brig Alert. He also
fitted out several privateers, one of which, the Decatur, was commanded by Cap
tain William Nichols, and came into the harbor at one time with three prizes.
Bom 1769; died 1881. NICHOLAS PIKE.
Master of grammar school in the Town House many years. Acting magistrate
of Essex county from 1776 to 1819. Author of "A system of arithmetic" in 1788,
the flrst work of the kind published in the United States.
JAMES PRINCE.
CoUector of customs from 1822 to 1828. He entertained Gen. La Fayette in 1824
at his house on State street, now occupied by the Public Library.
SONS OF JAMES PRINCE.
Two portraits painted in 1801. Artist unknown.

136 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
ELIZABETH MOODY EIDGWAY.
A direct descendant of Caleb Moody, who located on the farm in West New
bury which has always been in the Moody family.
CAPT. WILLIAM EEMIOK.
An old and interesting portrait. Artist unknown.
SETH 8WEETSEE.
For many years a merchant of Newburyport. T. B. Lawson, artist.
JOEL SCOTT.
Prominent in insurance circles, and president of the Alliance Insurance Company
of Boston. Bom 1812 ; died 1858. T. B. Lawson, artist.
ENOCH TITCOMB.
Born 1752. Town treasurer of Newburyport from 1783 to 1812. Brigade Major
in Gen. Sullivan's command in Revolutionary war; representative and senator and
a man in public life, until the infirmities of age compelled him to retire. Portrait
painted in Newburyport 1775. EEV. JOHN TUOKEE, D. D.
Pastor of the First church in Newbury from 1745 to 1792.
REV. DE. LEONAED WITHINGTON.
Pastor of the First church in Newbury from 1816 to 1885. Born 1789 ; died 1885.
WILLIAM WHEELWEIGllT.
Born in Newburyport 1798; died in London 1873. Established lines of steam
ships in South America to American and European ports. Builder of railways in
Chili aud the Argentine Republic. He bequeathed two hundred thousand dollars
to found a Free Scientific School in Newburyport.
PHOTOGEAPH OF STATUE OF WILLIAM WHEELWEIGHT.
A photograph of the Statue erected in Valparaiso, Chili, to the memory of
William Wheelwright, and to commemorate the important results accomplished
by his labors in South America. EBENEZEE WHEELWRIGHT.
Mr. Wheelwright and his wife engaged in reading the Scriptures. Parents of
Mr. William Wheelwright. Mr. Wheelwright was a prominent merchant in the
town.

APPENDIX.

LETTERS OF REGEET.

A few of the letters received from guests who were unable to attend
the anniversary exercises, are given below :
from the governor of massachusetts.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, )
Executive Department,
Boston, May 13, 1885.)
Albert W. Greenleaf, Esq.,
Secretary Committee on Invitations,
Historical Society of Old Newbury :
Dea/r Sir: — I have held your very kind invitation to myself and staff to be
present at the exercises in commemoration of the two hundred and fiftieth anni
versary of the settlement of Newbury, Mass., Wednesday, June 10th, in the pos
sibility that I might see my way clear to an acceptance. But I now find that by
reason of my public duties and engagements I shall be unable to be present.
Trusting that the occasion may be in every sense a success, worthy of the New
bury of the past in its long and honorable history, and in its spirit an eamest of
the Newbury of the future in its development and prosperity,
I have the honor to be very respectfully yours, George D. Robinson.

FROM HON. ROBERT C. WINTHROP, LL. D.
Boston, 22d May, 1885.
Albert W. Geeenleaf, Esq., Secretary:
Dear Sir .-—The kind invitation of the Historical Society of Old Newbury has
reached me on my return frora a journey for my health. 1 hasten to offer my
grateful acknowledgments to the society, and to express my regrets that I cannot
be with them on the 10th of June. I have a most agreeable impression of the
pleasure I enjoyed at the celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of Old
Newbury, and should gladly renew my associations with the town and its history
at the end of another half century, when it has grown to be an important and
prosperous city ; but I am compelled to deny myself.
Believe me, very faithfully your obedient servant, Robeet C. Winthrop.

140 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY

feom the president of va88ar college. Vassar College, >_
PoTJGHKEEPSiE, N. Y., May 16, 1885.)"
Albert W. Greenleaf, Esq.,
Dear Sir: — I am much honored by the invitation of the Historical Society of
Old Newbury to be present at the commemoration of the settlement of the town
after a lapse of two hundred and fifty years. I should be very glad to accept the
hospitalities offered and to participate personally in the celebration. But the
commencement of this college occurs on the same day, and it is quite impossible
for me to leave my paramount duties here.
I recall vividly the celebration of fifty years ago, which greatly impressed a lad
who ^t that time had seen little of the great world outside, and to whom an emi
nent person, like some who then appeared on the streets for a day, was a wonder.
Your board will be graced by persons of similar eminence, and though such com
memorations have become somewhat familiar in the last half-century, I hope this
occasion may be as impressive and inspiring as the last. I am sure it wiU be to
the true sons of Newburj^, who may have the good fortune to be there.
Very many of them have gone away from the old home of their ancestors for
two hundred years, but their untravelled hearts fondly turn to that spot which
has upon it a charm which is nowhere else on sea or land. "Though inland far
we be," the rote of the sea lingers in our ears; and not the Hudson or the Colum
bia is like the river where we built our early dreams. And it is not land and water
and the fair horizon encircling them, but the human life which has there for so
many generations been fertilizing the spot, which gives it its consecration. The
old town many of us have the memory of was peopled and marked by that New
England blood, which, with whatever faults run in it, is the best blood, and has
made the best history in the world. I know no better and happier spot to be
born in than that very corner of Massachusetts where the Merrimack runs into
the sea. And it is the New England history, the New England church and
school, which! have made it such. Whatever its future may be, Newbury has
bred good men, and even great men, and contributed its share to the better life of
the Republic. The forces of good are not exhausted, even with all the draft
which has been made upon the town for a good part of this century, by the more
growing parts of the country. I am sure it will be the aspiration of aU her gath
ered sons that her future may not be unworthy of her now lengthening past, and
that she may always breed a race of true, strong, worthy men, and women too,
who shall keep the honor which even her very first settlers put upon her in the
beginning. I have been betrayed by rather a natural impulse, into a longer letter than is
necessary to acknowledge the courtesy of the invitation I have received, and to
deplore the mischance which has brought into the same day your celebration and
the graduation of a class of young women with academic degrees and honors,
which I must be here to confer— an event, I imagine, not anticipated, perhaps,
even in the millennium, by that worthy son of Oxford, the Rev. Thomas Parker,
who taught the most learned tongues to the boys, but I fear not to the girls of
that ancient Newbury, whose simple beginnings are to be brought afresh to mem
ory on the tenth of June. Very truly yours,
S. L. Caldwell.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWHURY. 141
FROM ET. REV. THOMAS M. CLARK, D. D. LL. D., BISHOP OF RHODE ISLAND.
Bishop Clark regrets it is not in his power to be present at the exercises to be
held in commemoration of the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the
Settlement of Newbury, Mass., on Wednesday, June 10th.
Providence, R. I., May 1.5th, 1885.

FROM HON. OHAELES P. THOMPSON. Gloucester, June 9, 1885.
HoNS. John J. Cueeiee and Albert W. Greenleaf,
Committee of Historical Society of Old Newbury :
Dear Sirs : — Your highly esteemed favor inviting me to be present on the 10th
inst. at the exercises to be held in commemoration of the two hundred and fiftieth
anniversary of the settlement of Newbury has been received. I had hoped to be
with you on that occasion and share its pleasures, but find that I cannot do so.
There is no town iu the Old Commonwealth that has more just cause to be proud
of her record than the good old town of Newbury — no one that has given to the
State, country and the world nobler, braver, more patriotic or abler men aud
women, or more efficient workers in every field of honorable effort. Most heart
ily do I congratulate her upon her prosperity and enviable position, and I am as
sured that her future will add lustre to her brilliant past. Appreciating the con
sideration of the society and its committee, I am truly.
Your obedient servant, Charles P. Thompson.

from HON. AARON A. S ARGENT.
San Francisco, Cal,, May 18th, 1885.
Hon. j. j. Currier and others.
Committee on Invitations :
Oents:—\ gratefully acknowledge the receipt of your invitation to be present at
the exercises to be held in commemoration of the two hundred and fiftieth anni
versary of the settlement of Newbury, and very much regret my inability to be
present on that interesting occasion. Very respectfully, A. A. Sargent.

from JAMES BICHENS FRANCIS, ESQ.
148 Andover Street, )
Lowell, Mass., June 6, 1885.)
My Dear Sir:— As a former resident of Old Newbury in Berkshire, England, it
would give me great pleasure to accept your kind invitation for the 10th inst., but
I have an imperati-i'e engagement on that day in another direction. My grand
father, James Bichens, was for a long time minister of the Baptist chapel there,
retiring in 1811, and dying there in 1831. He was much interested in the new
Newbury. Very truly yours, James Bichens Francis.
A. W. Geeenleaf, Esq.

142 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
ORIGINAL POEM BY MISS EMILY A. GETCHELL.

The Committee on Literary Exercises received the following poem,
written for the occasion by Miss Emily A. Getchell of Newburyport,
but owing to the length of the regular programme there was no oppoi--
tunity to read it during the exercises of the day.

WESTWARD, HO !
' ' Tlien rising afa/r o'er the Western sea
A n&tn world rose in the da-wn of the day.
Ready to loelcome the brame andfre^,"
In and out trends the rugged shore —
Sand and breakers, and o'erhead the sky;
Fish-hawk and gull with their quavering crj'
Swoop for their prey, 'mid the ceaseless roar:
Loneliness where'er the eye can reach.
On curling billow or glimmering beach;
Inland, long, low hiUs uprise.
Clothed on sides and summits with gray-green pines.
And storm-torn cedars that to the skies
Toss their crooked branches, while far off shines
A broad, blue river that sweeping comes
Where the harbor barrier swells and foams.
A masterless land, where the red man keeps
His savage state; where the sturgeon leaps
In the river's current, as fearlessly
As the deer in the forest, fleet and free.
Who shall bear rule over hillside and plain ?
Whose hearth fires bum in the sheltered glade ?
Whose bark trace the river through sunlight and shade.
From its fountain-cradle till lost in the main ?
On the bar the breakers are leaping aud tossing.
And in their low thunder a burden they ring:
"The Master and Ruler is coming, coming;
The hill and the river are waiting the King,
Who is coming! comingl"

A. D. 1000.
"Come rouse ye up, my comrades bold.
We'll sijek the summer laud;
There the swords clash loud in my father's hal
The mead is strong, and the warriors all
Are dauntless of heart and hand!"

OE TIIE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 143
They have launched away in their sea-craft stout,
Thomstein and his Viking crew;
They sailed full many a day and night.
But the black fog hid sun and stars from sight.
And they steered as the blind might do.
And, lo! like a curtain drawn aside,
The vapors lift and fly ; —
"Ha, comrade, is this thy summer land,
With the strange green hills and the shining sand ?"
Is the wondering warrior's cry.
Their leader gazes with puzzled face :
" 'Tis a fair, new land," quoth he,
"On which Balder has smiled, but we stay not now ;'¦
And with steady rudder the vessel's prow
He turns to the Northern sea. (A)
High on the bar Ran's chargers are plunging.
Into the sunlight their white manes they fling ;
"Not for you, not for you! " is the voice of the tumult,
"The hill and the river wait still for the king.
Who is coming ! coming ! "

A. D., 1605.
Drifting past the frowning headlands.
Pausing in each sunny bay.
Feasting with the Indian warriors.
Dallying through the summer day.
All the winter's woe forgotten.
Strife, privation and annoy.
In their mission all undaunted.
See the exiles of St. Croix.
For the cross and golden lilies
They this goodly land would gain.
Men who neither faint nor falter
Are De Monts and Sieur Champlain.
Conquest won, their soul's salvation
To the heathen they would bring;
Faithful chUdren, bounteous treasure,
To their Lady and the king. (Bj

A. D. 1000. (A.) See B. F. DaCosta's " Discovci-y of America by Norsemen.'
A. D. 1605. (B.) Parkman's " Pioneers of France in tlie New World."

144 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
In a white wall of foam the breakers are curling ;
"Not for you, not for you!" is the chorus they sing,
"Free-handed, free-hearted must be the true master.
The hiU and the river yet wait for the king.
Who is coming, coming!"
A. D., 1614.
The fog rolls out to seaward.
Before the western gale.
And beating towards a harbor
Is seen a tiny sail.
Like the white wing of a sea-bird
It flutters slowly past,
And the flag of Merrie England
And St. George floats from the mast.
Sore vexed with cares and quarrels,
And woes on every hand.
The hardy, fearless Saxon
Turns to search the rocks and sand.
Tragabizanda's headland keeps
His Eastern houri's name.
And the grim, storm-worn Islands
With Virginia his fame. (C)
Up and down on the bar the breakers are dancing,
And mocking and light is the chorus they sing : ,
"Hie back to your green woods and dusky-browed princess.
The hill and the river wait yet for the king.
Who is coming! coming!"

A. D., 1635.
Sunrise upon the Quasycung !
The robins carol loud and long ;
The myriad shapes of forest life
Wake to new gladness with the song ;
The wild flowers greet the wandering bee
The river hastens to join the sea.
Noontide upon the Quasycung !
The greenwood's brooding hush is stirred
By unused tread of stranger feet.
By childhood's laugh and man's brief word.
A shallop is moored to the pebbly shore.
Where a birchen canoe has lain before ;
The valley silence shall know no more.
. \), 1614. ((;.) Capt. John Smith's " .Vdventures in Europe, .\sia, Africa, etc'

OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWBURY. 145
Nightfall upon the Quasycung !
Echoes along the shadowy dells
A single voice in earnest speech.
And then a low chant sinks and swells ;
To Him, a meed of thanks expressed.
For guiding thro' the wilds their quest.

Clear shine the stars over Quasycung !
The mystic voices of the night.
Nestle of bird, the prowler's cry.
They hear who keep the watch-fire bright.
Echoes fantastical it seems.
Borne in upon the sleepers' dreams.
Of the dear English woods and streams. (D.)
The breakers have died to a sighing murmur,
A slumber song to the mermaids known;
And from far-off reaches of lonely beaches.
The night-wind bears on the long low tone:
"Come to their own! Come to their own!"
A.D. 1635. (D.) See Coffin's " History of Newbury."

1!)

146

TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
MEMBERS OF THE CBORUS.

NORMAN McLEOD, of Newburyport, Conductor.
Miss LIZZIE BADGER, of Newburyport, Pianist.
Aeeompanied by an Orchestra of Twenty-one Pieces, under the Direction
of T. M. CARTER, of Boston.

Tenore.
Mr. Frank Alley, Newburyport.
Col. J. F. Kingsbury, Boston.
Mr. Edward S. Knight, Newbury.
Mr. Edward McLaughlin, Newburyport.
Dr. Geo. E. L. Noyes, Newburyport.
Mr. Geo. C Rogers, West Newbury.
Mr. Frank H. Rundlett, Newburyport.
Mr. Leonard W. Smith, West Newbury.
Mr. Wm. C. Stanwood, West Newbury.
Mr. Wm. H. Sumner, Newburyport.
Soprani.
Miss Carrie Adams, Newburyport.
Mrs. Minnie C. Balch, Newburyport.
Mrs. Isadore Ballon, Newburyport.
j\Iiss Sarah Bogardus, Newburyport.
Mrs. John B. Brookings, Newburyport.
Mrs. Abby M. Burnham, Newbury.
Miss Lizzie M. Carr, Newburyport.
Mrs. E. W. Chase, West Newbury.
Mrs. J. M. Culver, West Newbury.
Jlrs. Hattie C. Dodge, Newburyport.
Miss Annie M. Duffee, Newburyport.
Mrs. Etta McLaughlin, Newburyport.
Mrs. Carrie W. Lunt, Newburyport.
Miss Fannie E. Lunt, Newburyport.
Miss Mary P. Lunt, Newburyport.
Miss Grace W. Lunt, Newburyport.
Mrs. Belle Morse, Newburyport.
Mrs. EUa Morse, Newbury.
Miss Annie jSIumford, Newburyport.
Jliss Emma Noyes, Newburyport.
Mrs. R. T. Noyes, Newbury.
Miss Maria O'Grady, Newburyport.
Mips Carrie F. Pike, Newburyport.
Jliss Clara Poor, West Newbury.
>Iis < Annie M. Titcomb, West Newbury,
Jliss Julia WeUs, Newburyport.
Mrs. Allicrl H. WUson, Newburyport.

CONTRALTI.
Mrs. R. Adams, Newburyport.
Miss Lizzie C. Adams, Newburyport.
Mrs. P. H. Blumpey, jr., Newburyport.
Miss Emma Bailey, West Newbury.
Mrs. O. G. Chase, West Newbury.
Miss Hattie P. Chase, Newburyport.
Mrs. J. B. M. Dickins, Newburyport.
Mrs. H. D. FoUansbee, Newburyport.
Miss Susie Goodrich, West Newbury.
Mrs. P. S. Hulbert, Newburyport.
Miss S. C. McCusker, Newburyport.
Mrs. Clara Merrill, Newburyport.
Mrs. A. D. Ordway, Newburyport.
Miss Bertha Perkins, Newburyport.
Miss Annie Rogers, West Newbury.
Mrs. S. C. Reed, Newburyport.
Miss Mary Stanwood, West Newburj-.
Miss Annie Wiggles worth, Newburyp't.
Miss Mabel Stanwood, West Newbury.
Bassi.
Mr. Richard G. Adams, Newburyport.
Mr. John H. Balch, jr., Newburyport.
Mr. George Bailey, West Newbury.
Mr. George W. Blake, Newburyport.
Mr. JohnB. Brookings, Newburyport.
Mr. Elwood N. Chase, West Newbury.
Mr. Joseph W. Evans, Newburyport.
Mr. John R. Flint, Newburyport.
Mr. Prank W. Goodwin, Newburyport.
Mr. James W. Hervey, Newburyport.
Mr. John A. Maynard, Newburyport.
Mr. Benj. Pearson, jr., Newbury.
Mr. Moses H. Poor, West Newbury.
Mr. George H. Stevens, Newburyport.
Mr. Eben P. Stanwood, West Newbury.
Mr. DeanR. Stanwood, West Newbury.
Mr. Wm. M. Tibbetts, Newburyport.
Mr. Frank C. Wilson, Newburyport.

OK THE SETTLEJH'.NT OE NEWBURY.

147

NAMES of contributors TO THE FUND RAISED FOR THE CELE
BRATION OF THE TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH
ANNIVERSARY.

John J. Currier, Newburyport. |

Sam'l K. Whipple, Nev

i'buryport

E. F. Stone,

do

S. B. Carter,

do

T. C. Simpson,

do

H. C. Plummer,

do

Edward S. Moseley,

do

George J. CaldweU,

do

David L. Withington,

do

R. m"^ Perley,

do

E. P. Dodge,

do

M. P. Perley,

do

H. B. Little,

do

Benjamin Akerman,

do

Robert N. Toppan,

do

Job B. M. Dickins,

do

Charles P. MiUs,

do

WiUard J. Hale,

do

PhUip II. Lunt,

do

George H. Pearson,

do

Mrs. George H. Corliss,

do

George H. Fenderson,

do

Mrs. B. T. Tredick,

do

George H. Stevens,

do

Joshua Hale,

do

Henry Z. Whittier,

do

Benjamin Hale,

do

George H. Clark,

do

Lucy Hale,

do

George P. Balch,

do

Wm. H. Swasey,

do

Paul Titcomb,

do

Alex. Caldwell,

do

William H. Johnson,

do

A. H. WeUs,

do

Edmund P. Graves,

do

William H. Huse,

do

Charles C. Dame,

do

J. T. Brown,

do

J. M. Greenough,

do

John Pearson & Son,

do

P. H. Blumpey,

do

John N. Cushing,

do

C. C. WaUace,

do

L. B. Cushing,

do

P. K. Hills,

do

Eben Sumner,

do

Enoch Gerrish,

do

Mrs. E. T. FUch,

do

H. T. Adams,

do

George W. Creasey,

do

Thomas Foster,

do

James Parton,

do

W. J. Creasey,

do

Henry M. Cross,

do

F. O, Woods,

do

A. J. Teeling,

do

John H. Balch,

do

Samuel J. Spalding,

do

E. P. Shaw,

do

Wm. 0. Moseley,

do

John Sumner,

do

Charles F. Lunt,

do

Anthony S. Jones,

do

Nathan D. Dodge,

do

AUen M. Brewster,

do

WUliam W. Jacques,

do

T. O'ConneU,

do

Henry B. Reed,

do

E. F. Bartlett.

do

WilUam B. Boardman,

do

George J. L. Colby,

do

A. W. Bailey,

do

Herman Castelhun,

do

Miss Floyd,

do

Robert Couch, jr.,

do

E. P. RusseU,

do

1 Johnson Littlefield.

do

David Smith,

do

! R. Jacoby,

do

F. M. Gates,

do

A. W. Thompson,

dn

Robert Couch,

do

D. A. Goodwin, jr. ,

do

James 0. Plummer,

do

WiUiam Todd,

do

148

TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY

Names of Contributors to tlie Fund. — Continued,

Mary N. Plummer, Newburyport.
Charles G. Wood, do
Henry LeB. Wills, do
J. A. Shattuck, do
George H. Plumer, do
E. T. Northend, do
Charles H. Coffin, do
Anna P. Flanders, do
Roland W. Toppan, do
Moses E. Hale, do
William Thurlow, do
T. B. Lawson, do
Benjamin F. Stanley, do
Moses Colman, Newburj^.
Luther Dame, do
WUliam Little, do
Joseph Danforth. do
Enoch Plumer, do
N. Burke Little, do
G. A. Randall, do
H. F. Longfellow, do
Mrs. Edward H. Little, do

Frank L. Ferguson, Newbury.
Edward Kent, do
M. T. Little, do
M. A. H. Proctor, do
Mrs. Enoch Plumer, do
D. D. Adams, do
J. O. Rogers, do
I. W. Wheelwright, do
C. S. Bradley, West Newbury.
Haydn Brown, do
J. Durgin, do
Mrs. Martha L. Moody, do
M. H. Emery, do
T. M. Chase, do
J. H. Durgin, do
C. W. Ordway, do
Richard Newell, do
A. L. Haskell, Boston.
F. S. Moseley, do
Charles W. Moseley, do
Thomas W. Silloway, do
WUliam H. Bent, Lowell.

OF THE SETTLEMENT OV NE«'BURY. 149

TREASURER'S REPORT.

7h the Finance Committee for the Celebration of the Tioo Hundred
and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of Newbury :
Gentlemen: — I hand you herewith a statement of the amount re
ceived from various sources to defray the expenses of the celebration,
and also the amount that I have paid out in accordance with your in
structions : RECEIPTS.
Individual subscriptions  $1,260 00
Sale of tickets to dinner, in addition to subscribers' tickets  538 00
Sale of tickets for reception, in addition to subscribers' tickets  78 75
Balance contributed to make up deficit  103 19
$1,978 94
expenses.
For exercises at City Hall, and reception at City Hall  $223 09
For music, military escort, etc  263 56
For dinner and tent  1,379 79
For printing and advertising  113 50
$1,978 94
Respectfully submitted, PHILIP H. LUNT, 'treasurer.
Newburyport, August 15, 1885.

150

TWO hundred and FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY

NAiVIES OP THE PERSONS WHO GUARANTEED THE EXPENSE OF
THE PUBLICATION OF THE ACCOUNT OF THE TWO
HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.

E. S. Moseley, Newburyport.
T. W. Silloway, Boston.
P. K. Hills, Newburyport.
A. W. Greenleaf, Newburyport.
Wm. R. Johnson, Newburyport.
Luther Dame, Newbury.
J. J. Currier, Newburyport.
Benjamin Hale, Newburyport.
J. N. Cushing, Newburyport.
H. B. Reed, Newburyport.
Alex. Caldwell, Newburyport.
Wm. Little, Newbury.
Mrs. M. S. Fitch, Newburyport.
D. L. Withington, Newburyport.
W. C. Todd, Newburyport.
George W. Piper, Newburyport.
Joseph E. Moody, Newburyport.
J. R. Rollins, Lawrence.
James Parton, Newburyport.

C. W. Moseley, Boston.
E. P. Dodge, Newburyport.
H. M. Cross, Newburyport.
E. P. Graves, Newburyport.
A. J. Teeling, Newburyport.
Joshua Hale, Newburyport.
F. S. Moseley, Boston.
W. H. Swasey, Newburyport.
David Smith, Newburyport.
W. H. Huse, Newburyport.
E. P. Stone, Newburyport.
T. C. Simpson, Newburyport.
N. N. Withington, Newburyport.
Charles E. Plummer, Newburyport.
Samuel J. Spalding. Newburyport.
William Little, Manchester, N. H.
George F. Stone, Chicago, 111.
Nathaniel Dole, Newbury.
Mary T. Little, Newbury.

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