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LINCOLN MEMORIAL.

THE

JOURNEYS

ABEAHAM LINCOLN:
FROM SPRINGFIELD TO WASHINGTON, 1861,
AS PRESIDENT ELECT;
AND
FROM WASHINGTON TO SPRINGFIELD, 1865,
AS FHESIDIlWT MARTYRED ;

COMPRISING AN ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC OEKEMONIBS ON THE ENTIP,K
ROUTE, AND FULL DETAILS OP BOTH JOURNEYS.

BY WILLIAM T. OOGGESHALL.

PUBLISHED FOE THE BENEFIT OF THE OHIO SOLDIEES' MONUJIENT FOND,
BY THB OHIO STATE JOURNAL, COLUMBUS.
1865.

Entered according to Act of Congre.ss, in the year 1865,
BY WILLIAM T. COGGESHALL,
In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States, in
and for the Southern District of Ohio.

L- c (i "2^0

^6 5"c^ '^

PKEFAOE

This book is published for the benefit of the fund devoted to
the erection of monuments in Capitol Square, at Columbus, in
memory of Abraham Lincoln, and of Ohio soldiers fallen in
battle. The entire proceeds of its sale, after paying the expenses
of publication, will be thus applied by the Publishers. The
Editor has patiently endeavored to make a correct record of
Mr. Lincoln's memorable journeys as President elect and Presi
dent martyred ; but cannot hope that he has entirely succeeded.
He acknowledges himself indebted to the local press of the
several cities through which the two processions passed, for
reports of the ceremonies, only a portion of which, as condensed
or abridged, are credited, in the pages to which they have been
transferred. Paper-makers, printers and binders are entitled to
honorable mention for liberal deductions from regular prices, on
account of the object which this work is intended to promote.
That the period is not far distant when the Monument
Committee can report that the funds received are ample for
monuments worthy of the memories they will be designed to
perpetuate, is the sincere trust of
THE PUBLISHERS.

CONTENTS.

PAGE
The Journey to Washington as President Elect  24—82
Farewell to Home, 24— From Springfield to Indianapolis, 25—
Reception at Indianapolis, 26 — ^From Indianapolis to Cincin
nati, 29 — Reception at Cincinnati, 30 — From Cincinnati to
Columbus, 41 — Reception at the Capitol of Ohio, 41 — From
Columbus to Pittsburgh, 50 — Reception at Pittsburgh, 52 —
From Pittsburgh to Cleveland, 55 — Reception at Cleveland,
55 — Reception at Buffalo, 63 — ^Reception at Albany, 65 —
Albany to New York City, 66— Reception at New York, 69 —
At Trenton, 71 — Reception at Philadelphia, 73 — ^At Harris
burg, 77 — From Harrisburg to Washington, 80 — ^Reception
at Washington, 80 — Inaugural Address, 83.
Mr. Lincoln's Administration  95
Second Inaugural Address  96
The Assassination  98
The body in state at the Wliite House  110
The Funeral at the Capitol  117
Dr. Gurley's Sermon  121
.Journey from Washington to Springfield as President Mar
tyred  136—324
Departure from Washington, 136 — Obsequies at Baltimore, 142 —
Baltimore to Harrisburg, 145 — Obsequies at Hairisburg,
147 — Obsequies at Philadelphia, 149 — ^From Philadelphia to
New York, 156 — Obsequies at New York, 158 — Mr. Bancroft's
Oration, 186 — From New York to Alhany, 199 — ^Albany to
Buffalo, 204— Obsequies at Buffalo, 206— Buffalo to Cleve
land, 208 — Obsequies at Cleveland, 210 — Cleveland to Colum
bus, 229— Obsequies at Columbus, 230 — The Ohio Oration,
248 — From Columbus to Indianapolis, 254 — Obsequies at In
dianapolis, 260 — Indianapolis to Chicago, 266 — Obsequies at
Chicago, 268 — Chicago to Springfield, 285 — Obsequies at
Springfield, 288— Bishop Simpson's Oration, 305— Final Cere
monies, 321.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

Abbaham Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the
United States, was born on the twelfth day of February,
1809, in that part of Hardin county, Kentucky, which is
now known as Larue. His father, Thomas Lincoln, and
his grandfather, Abraham, were natives of Eockingham
county, Virginia, to which their ancestors emigrated
from Berks county, Pennsylvania. In the year 1780 the
grandfather removed his family to Kentucky, where,
taking possession of a small tract of land in the wilder
ness, he erected a rude cabin, and proceeded to make
his new home comfortable and his forest farm productive.
His daily labors were attended with great personal dan
ger. There was no other resident within two or three
miles, and the country was infested with Indians, who
allowed no opportunity of slaughteriag the white settlecs
to pass unimproved. His gun was carried as regularly
to his work as was any implement necessary to the suc-
cessfnl clearing of the land, and at night the weapon
was placed in a comer of his cabia, where it could be
quickly grasped in the event of an attack from the sav
age enemy. Aljiraham Lincoln, for nearly four years,
escaped their bloodthirsty cruelty ; but then, while clear
ing a piece of lana^ about four miles from home, was sud
denly attacked and killed, and his scalped remains were
found the next morning. The widow found herself with-
2

10 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
out a neighbor in the wilderness, with three sons and
two daughters. Poverty rendered it necessary that the
family should separate ; and all the children but Thomas
bade adieu to their mother and left the county, the
second son removing to Indiana, and the others to other
counties of Kentucky.
Thomas also left home before he was twelve years old,
but subsequently returned to Kentucky, and in the year
1806 married I^ancy Hanks, who was a native of Vir
ginia. Thomas Lincoln and his wife were conscientious
members of the Baptist Church. Mrs. Lincoln could read
but not write : her husband could do neither, except that
he was able to write his own name. He respected, how
ever, the superior learning of others ; his kindness of
heart was proverbial, and he was industrious and perse
vering. Mrs. Lincoln was a woman of excellent judgment
and great piety, and a mother whose precepts and teach
ings exerted a happy influence in the formation of her
children's characters. Thomas and I^ancy Lincoln had
three children — a daughter, a son who died in infancy,
and Abraham. The sister attained the years of woman
hood, and married, but died without issue.
.When Abraham was seven years of age he was sent to
school with an old copy of Deiworth's Spelling Book,
one of the three books that formed the family library.
His teacher had neither ambition nor ability to impart
greater instructioti than that which would enable his
pupils to read and write. His term of schooling was of
short duration.
Thomas Lincoln had witnessed the evils of the "pecu
liar institution," and longed to be free from the effects of
a condition of society by which the laborer was degraded,
and whose labors were controlled by an unprincipled and
lazy master. In October, 1816, flnding a purchaser for

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. li
his farm, he made arrangements for removal. The price
paid by the purchaser was ten barrels of whisky, of forty
gallons each, valued at two hundred and eighty dollars,
and twenty dollars in money. Such transactions in real
estate were then common, and recognized as proper.
The farm was near EoUing Fork river. Mr. Lincoln,
with such assistance as Abraham could give him, hewed
out a flat-boat, loaded it with his household articles and
tools and the whisky, and began a hazardous journey to
Indiana, to select a new home. His journey down the
Eolling Fork and into the Ohio river, was accomplished
without accident, but soon afterwards his boat was upset,
and its cargo thrown into the water. Some men stand
ing on the bank witnessed the accident and saved the
boat and its owner, but all the freight was lost except a
few carpenter's tools, axes, three barrels of whisky and
some minor articles. Again getting started, Mr. Lincoln
proceeded to a well-known ferry on the river, from
whence he was guided into the interior by an old settler,
to whom he gave his boat in payment for his services.
After several days of difBLcult traveling, much of the time
being employed in cutting a road through the forest wide
enough for a team, Spencer county, Indiana, was reached,
at a point eighteen miles from the river. The site for
his new home having been selected, Mr. Lincoln, re
tumed to Kentucky on foot, and made preparations to
remove his family.
ISTot many days were required for these preparations.
The emigrant party left their old home in true backwoods
style — Mrs. Lincoln and her daughter riding one horse,
Abraham another, and the father a third. After seven
days' journey through an uninhabited country, their rest
ing-place at night being the ground, they arrived at the
quarter section selected for thefr future residence. No

12 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
delays were permitted to interfere with the immediate
clearing of a site for a cabin. An axe was placed in
Abraham's hands, and with the assistance of a neigh
bor, in a few days Mr. Lincoln had a neat log house
about eighteen feet square. It had only one room, but
slabs laid across logs overhead gave additional accom
modations which were obtained by climbing a rough lad
der in one corner. A bed, table and four stools were
made by the new settlers, father and son. The loft was
Abraham's bedroom, one coarse blanket his mattress and
another being his covering. During the ensuing winter
Abraham did not neglect his reading and spelling, and
also practiced frequently with a rifle, becoming a skillful
marksman, though taking part regularly with his father,
in the severe toUs which thefr forest life required.
About a year after the settlement in Spencer county
Mrs. Lincoln died. Abraham was then ten years old.
He was able to read the bible ; his mother having pa
tiently dfrected and instructed him. He could also write,
and greatly astonished the neighbors by writuig a letter
inviting a minister to preach over Ms mother's grave.
When hC'Was eleven years old his father married Mrs.
Sally Johnston, of Elizabethtown, Kentucky, a widow-
lady with three children, and a superior woman, between
whom and Abraham, a devoted attachment was culti
vated, which was unbroken at the day of his death.
When the young backwoodsman was about twelve years
of age, a man named Crawford opened a school in Spen
cer county. Mr. Lincoln immediately sent Abraham.
With buckskin clothes, a coonskin cap, and an old arith
metic which had been somewhere found for him, he com
menced his studies in the " higher branches." His pro
gress was rapid, and his perseverance and faithfulness
won the interest and esteem of his teacher.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 13
In that thinly-settled country a book was a great rar
ity, but whenever Mr. Lincoln heard of one he endeavored
to procnre it for Abraham's perasal. In this way he be
came acquainted with Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress,
Esop's Fables, a Life of Henry Clay, and Weem's life of
Washington. The " hatchet" story of Washington made
a strong impression upon Abraham, and was one of those
unseen, gentle influences, which helped to form his char
acter for integrity and honesty. Its effect may be traced
in the following story, which bids fair to become as never-
failing an accompaniament to a Life of Lincoln as the
hatchet incident to that of Washington :
Mr. Crawford had lent him a copy of Eamsay's Life of
Washington. During a severe storm Abraham improved
his leisure by reading his book. One night he had laid
it down carefully, as he thought, and the next morning
he found it soaked through ! The wind had changed,
the storm had beaten in through a crack in the logs, and
the appearance of the book was ruined. How could he
face the owner under such cfrcumstances 1 He had no
money to offer as a return, but he took the book, went
dfrectly to Mr. Crawford, showed him the irreparable
injury, and frankly and honestly offered to work for him
until he should be satisfied. Mr. Crawford accepted the
offer and gave Abraham the book for his own, in return
for three days steady labor in "pulling fodder." His
manliness and straightforwardness won the esteem of all
the neighborhood.
At nineteen years of age Abraham Lincoln made a trip
to New Orleans, in company with a son of the owner of a
flat-boat, who entrusted a valuable cargo to their care.
On the way they were attacked by seven negroes, and
their lives and property were in great danger, but owing

14 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
to their good use of the muscular force they had acquired
as backwoodsmen, they succeeded in driving off the in
vaders, and pushing thefr boat out into the stream in
safety. The result of the voyage was satisfactory to the
owner, and Abraham Lincoln gained, in addition to his
ten dollars a month, a reputation as a youth of promising
business talent.
In 1830 the fainily moved to the neighborhood of Deca
tur, Illinois, the journey occupying fifteen days. Abraham
was now twenty-one, but did not commence his independ
ent life until he had aided his father in settling his famUy,
breaking the ground for corn, and making a rail fence
around the farm. Those rails have passed into song and
story, and gave Mr. Lincoln, during the Presidential cam
paign of 1860, the title of the "Great Eail Splitter."
After the first winter in Illinois, which was of uncommon
severity, and requfred more than his father's care to keep
the family in food, which was mostly obtained by hunting,
Abraham Lincoln began life for himself. Sometimes he
hfred himself out as a farm-hand, and sometimes his learn
ing procured him a situation as clerk in a store. When
the Black Hawk war broke out in 1832, he joiaed a volun
teer company, and was made captain. He is said to have
been an eflcient, faithful offlcer, watchful of his men, and
prompt in the discharge of duty, and his courage and
patriotism shrank from no dangers or hardships.
After his military life was over he looked about for
something to do. He ran for the Legislature, but was
beaten ; though his own precinct gave him 277 votes out
of 284. This was the only time he was ever beaten before
the people. He bought a store and stock of goods on
credit, and was appointed postmaster. The store proved
unprofitable, and he sold out. All this time he pursued
his studies. He had already learned grammar, and he

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 15
had now opportunities for more extensive reading. He
wrote out the synopsis of every book he read, and thus
fixed it in his memory.
About this time he met John Calhoun, since Presideut
of the Lecompton (Kansas) Constitutional Convention.
He proposed to Lincoln to tiike up surveying, aud himself
aided in his studies. He had success as a surveyor, and
won a good reputation in this new line of business. In
1834 he was sent to the Legislature, and the political life
commenced which his countrymen's votes have ever since
shown they fully appreciated. When the session of the
Legislature was over he set himself to the study of law
in good earnest. In 1836 he obtained a law license, and
in AprU, 1837, he removed to Springfield and commenced
the practice of the law in partnership with his friend and
former colleague, Hou. T. Stuart.
An instance which occurred during Mr. Lincoln's early
legal practice is worthy of extended publication. At a
camp meeting held in Menard county a fight took place
which ended in the murder of one of the participants in
the quarrel. A young man named Armstrong, a son of
an aged couple for whom many years before Abraham
Lincoln had worked, was charged with the deed, arrested
and examined, and a true bill found against him, and
lodged in jail to await his trial. As soon as Mr. Lincoln
received intelligence of the affafr, he addressed a letter to
Mrs. Armstrong, stating his anxiety that her son should
have a fair trial, and offering in return for her kindness
to him while in adverse circumstances some years before,
his services gratuitously. Investigation convinced the
volunteer attorney that the young man was the victim of
a conspfracy, and he determined to postpone the case
until the excitement had subsided. The day of trial finally
arrived, and the accuser testified positively that he saw

16 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
the accused plunge the knife into the heart of the mur
dered man. He remembered all tbe circumstances per-
I'ectly ; the murder was committed about half past nine
o'clock at night, and the moon was shining brightly. Mr.
Lincoln reviewed the testimony carefully, and then proved
conclusively that the moon, which the accuser had sworn
was shining brightly, did not rise until an hour or more
after the murder was committed. Other discrepancies
were exposed, and in thirty minutes after the jury retired
they returned with a verdict of " Not G-uilty."
In 1836, in 1838 and in 1840 Mr. Lincoln was chosen as
a legislator by the people of Sangamon county.
On the third of March, 1837, a protest was presented to
the House of Eepresentatives of Illinois and signed by
" Daniel Stone and Abraham Lincoln, Eepresentatives
from Sangamon county," which is the first record the
world has of the sentiments of the great emancipator on
the slavery question. It was in opposition to a series of
resolutions which had been adopted, taking an extreme
Southern view of slavery, for which Mr. Lincola refused
to vote.
After 1840 Mr. Lincoln remained six years in private
life, devoting himself to the practice ofthe law, displaying
remarkable ability, and gaining an enviable reputation.
In every campaign, however, from 1836 to 1852, he was a
Whig candidate for Presidential Elector, and in 1844 he
stumped the entire State of Illinois for Henry Clay ; and
then crossing -the line into Indiana, spoke daily at large
meetings until the day of election. In 1846 Mr. Lincoln
was elected to Congress Irom the Central District of
Illinois, by a majority of over fifteen hundred votes, the
largest ever given in that District to any candidate op
posed to the Democratic party. lUinois elected seven
Eepresentatives that year ; and all were Democrats but

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 17
Mr. Lincoln. He took his seat on the first Monday of
December, 1847.
Although, like a majority of the Whig party opposed
to the declaration of war with Mexico by the President,
he never failed to vote for any resolution or biU which had
for its object the sending of supplies to our troops who
had been ordered to the seat of war.
He supported measures for the " improvement " of
western rivers and harbors, and on several occasions voted
for the reception of petitions and memorials in favor of
the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia ; against
the slave trade, and advocating the prohibition of slavery
in the territory that might be acquired from Mexico.
On the seventeenth of February, 1848, Mr. Lincoln voted
for a loan bUl reported by the Committee of Ways and
Means, authorizing the raising of sixteen millions of dol
lars to enable the Government to provide for its debts,
principally incurred in Mexico.
On the nineteenth of June he first had an opportunity
to record his views upon the tariff question, by voting in
favor of a resolution instructing the Committee of Ways
and Means to inquire into the expediency of reporting a
bill increasing the duties on foreign luxuries of all kinds,
and on "such foreign manufactures as are now coming
into ruinous competition with American labor." He sub
sequently voted for a resolution instructing the Committee
of Ways and Means to inqufre into the expediency of re
porting a tariff bill based upon the principles of the tariff
of 1842.
On the 28th of July, 1848. the celebrated biU establish
ing territorial governments for Oregon, California and
New Mexico, the peculiar feature of which was a provision
prohibiting the Legislatures of California and New Mexico
from passing laws in favor of or against slavery, and pro-

18 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
viding that the laws of the Legislatures should be subject
to the sanction of Congress, was argued, and after an
excitmg debate, laid on the table, Mr. Lincoln voting with
Mr. Webster, Mr. Corwin, and other Ulustrious coUeagues
for this disposition of the bUl. He opposed the annexation
of Texas, and vigorously urged and supported the " Wil
mot Proviso."
In the Whig National Convention of 1848, Mr. Lincoln
was an active delegate, and earnestly advocated the
selection of General Zachary Taylor as the nominee for
the Presidency, and during the canvass which foUowed,
he traversed the States of Indiana and lUinois, speaking
on behalf of the choice of his party.
In 1849 he was a candidate before the Legislature of
lUinois for United States Senator, but his political oppo
nents being in the majority. General Shields was chosen.
From that time until 1854, he confined himself almost ex
clusively to the practice of his profession, but in that
year he again entered the political arena, taking an earn
est part in the campaign which resulted in victory for the
first time to the opposition of the Democratic party in
Illinois, and gave that State a EepubUcan Legislature,
and sent Lyman TrumbuU-to the United States Senate,
During the canvass, Mr. Lincoln was frequently brought
into controversy npon the stand with Stephen A. Doug
las, with whom he had formed acquaintance while a mem
ber of the Legislature.
Mr. Lincoln was, the following year, offered the nomi
nation for Governor of IlUnois, but declined in favor of
Mr. BisseU ; was also presented, but ineffectuaUy, at the
first EepubUcan Convention for Vice-President ; and at
the next Presidential election headed the Fremont elec
toral ticket, and labored industriously in support of that
candidate.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 19
On the 2d of June, 1858, the EepubUcan State Conven
tion met at Springfield, and nominatfjj^r. Lincoln as
thefr candidate for the United States Senate.
The contest which followed was one of the most excit
ing and remarkable ever witnessed in this country.
Stephen A. Douglas, his opponent, had few superiors as
a political debater. He had made many enemies by his
course upon the Nebraska bUl, but his personal popular
ity had been greatly increased by his independence, and
by the opposition manifested to him by the Administra
tion of James Buchanan.
Hlinois was stumped throughout its length and breadth
by both candidates and thefr respective advocates, and
the people of the entire country watched with interest
the struggle. From county to county, township to town
ship, and viUage to viUage, the two leaders traveled, fre
quently in the same car or carriage, and in the presence
of immense crowds of men, women and children, and
face to face, the opposing champions argued the import
ant points of thefr poUtical belief, and contended for the
mastery. The EepubUcan vote in the State was largely aug
mented, but more Democrats than Eepublicans were
chosen to the Legislature. The popular vote stood
126,084 for the EepubUcan candidates, 121,940 for the
Douglas Democrats, and 5,091 for the Lecompton candi
dates. Mr. Douglas was elected United States Senator
because in the Legislature his supporters had a majority
of eight on joint ballot.
The manner in which Mr. Lincoln had met Douglas on
the stump, the skiU and power with which he had pre
sented and argued the principles and policies underlying
the Nebraska bUl and the doctrine of "Popular Sov
ereignty," gave him a national reputation as a political

20 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
orator. Characteristics of his intellect and spirit now
famUiar to the ij|p)le, were then approvingly dwelt upon
by writers for the press, one of whom justly wrote as
follows :
" In perhaps the severest test that could have been ap
plied to any man's temper — ^his political contest with
Senator Douglas in 1858 — ^Mr. Liacoln not only proved
himself an able speaker and a good tactician, but demon
strated that it is possible to carry on the fiercest political
warfare without once descending to rude personaUty and
coarse denunciation. We have it on the authority of a
gentleman who foUowed Abraham Lincoln throughout
the whole of that campaign, that, in spite of aU the
temptations to an opposite course to which he was con
tinuously exposed, no personalities against his opponent,
no vituperation or coarseness, ever deiUed his lips. His
kind and genial nature Ufted him above a resort to any
such weapons of poUtical warfare, and it was the com
monly expressed regret of fiercer natures that he treated
his opponent too courteously and urbanely. Vulgar per
sonalities and vituperation are the last thing that can be
truthfully charged against Abraham Lincoln. His heart
is too genial, his good sense too strong, and his innate
self-respect too predominant to permit him to indulge in
them. His nobility of nature — and we may use the term
advisedly — has been as manifest throughout his whole
career as his temperate habits, his self-reliance, and his
mental and intellectual power."
The people of Illinois immediately brought forward
Abraham Lincoln as a candidate for the Presidency of
the United States. He was invited to speak in Ohio, in
Indiana, in New York and in the New England States, and
delivered a series of poUtical addresses, which confirmed
in the public mind the favorable impressions made by

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 21
reports of his lUinois campaigns. At a meeting of the
Illinois State EepubUcan Convention in 1859, a veteran
Democrat of Macon county presented to the Convention
two old fence-raUs, gayly decorated with flags and ribons,
and upon which the foUowing words were inscribed :

ABRAHAM LINCOLN,

THE EAIL CANDIDATE

FOR PRESIDENT IN 1860.

Two rails from a lot of 3,000 made in 1830, by Thos.
Hanks and Abe Lincola — whose father was
the flrst pioneer of Macon county.

This " delegation" was received with enthusiastic ap
plause, and Mr. Lincoln was sent for to acknowledge the
rails, which he did, modestly but happily.
The EepubUcan Convention, called to nomiaate can
didates for President and Vice-President of the United
States, met at Chicago, IlUnois, on the 16th of May,
1860. Two days were occupied iu organization, and in
the discussion and adoption of a Platform. On the thfrd
day Abraham Lincoln was nominated, as the candidate
for the Presidency. On the first ballot he received 102
votes, Mr. Seward receiving, on the same baUot, 173^
votes, the votes of the remainder of the delegates being-
divided between Salmon P. Chase, Simon Cameron, and
other candidates. On the second baUot, the vote stood :
Lincoln, 181 ; Seward, 184J ; and on the thfrd, Mr. Lin
coln received 230J votes, or within one and one-half of a
nomination. One of the delegates then changed four
votes of his State, giving them to Mr. Lincoln, thus
nominating him. Amid a scene of the most intense ex
citement, vote after vote was changed to the successful
candidate. The nomination was then made unanimous.

23 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
with the most marked enthusiasm, on the motion of Mr,
William Evarts of New York.
Mr. Lincoln was immediately ofttciaUy, but informally,
notified of his nomination ; and in a few days the Presi
dent of the Nominating Convention, Geo. Ashman of
Massachusetts, in conjunction with a committee from dif
ferent States, appointed for that purpose, addressed him
a letter, to which he responded as foUows :
" Springeield, Illinois, May 23d, 1860.
" Son. George Ashmun, President of the Bepuhlican Na
tional Convention:
"Sir, — I accept the nomination tendered me by the
Convention over which you presided, and of which I am
formally apprised in the letter of yourself and others,
acting as a committee of the Convention for that purpose.
" The declaration of principles and sentiments, which
accompanies your letter, meets my approval ; and it shall
be my care not to violate, or disregard it, in any part.
" Imploring the assistance of Divine Providence, and
with due regard to the views and feelings of aU who were
represented in the Convention ; to the rights of aU the
States and Territories, and people of the nation ; to the
inviolability of the Constitution, and the perpetual union,
harmony and prosperity of aU, I am most happy to co
operate for the practical success of the principles declared
by the Convention. " Your obliged friend and feUow-citizen,
"Abraham Lincoln."
The canvass which succeeded the National Convention
of 1860, was one of the most earnest and strenuous ever
witnessed in our country.
On the sixth of November the election for President

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 23
took place, with the following result : Mr. Lincoln receiv
ed 491,275 over Mr. Douglas ; 1,018,499 over Mr. Breck
enridge, and 1,275,821 over Mr. BeU ; and the electoral
vote was subsequently proclaimed by Congress to have
been as foUows :
For Abraham Lincoln, of Hlinois  180
For John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky  72
For John Bell, of Tennessee  39
For Stephen A. Douglas, of Hlinois  12
SECESSION.
Immediately after it was known that Mr. Lincoln had
been elected President, preparations were openly made
for the dissolution of the American Union. South Caroli
na seceded, then Mississippi, then Alabama, then Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Custom-houses, arsenals
and United States buUdings were seized by " Confeder
ate" troops, under authority of the " Confederate Govern
ment," organized at Montgomery, Alabama, on the 18th
of February, 1861, by the inauguratian of Jefferson Davis
as President, and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice-Presi
dent. The people of the North were divided upon the
" right of secession" and the power of the Government
to "coerce States." James Buchanan, President of the
United States, in his* last annual message, Dec. 4, 1860,
met the question of resistance, or submission to the prog
ress of the work of secession and threats of armed rebel
lion, in the foUowing words :
" The question, fafrly stated, is. Has the Constitution
delegated to Congress the power to coerce a State Uito
submission which is attempting to withdraw, or has act
uaUy withdrawn, from the confederacy 1 If answered in
the afiSrmative, it must be on the principle that the

24 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
power has been conferred on Congress to make war on a
State. After much serious reflection, I have arrived at
the conclusion that no such power has been delegated to
Congress, nor to any other department of the Federal
Govemment." Vfrginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, and Arkan
sas were expected to join the "Confederacy," and a
strong spirit of rebeUion was manifest iu Maryland. The
pubUc mind was occupied with one great thought — How
far will the South go, and what can the North do to check
Secession and crush Eebellion'? In seeking a solution of
this problem naturally public attention was turned to the
President elect, and, under such circumstances, Mr. Lin
coln was called upon to take leave of his neighbors and
proceed to Washington, to assume the duties and respon
sibUities to which the people had caUed him.
THE JOUENBY TO WASHINGTON AS PEESI-
DENT ELECT.
FAREWELL TO HOME.
Mr. Lincoln left Springfield, Illinois, on the llth of
February, 1861. He was accompanied to the depot by a
large concourse of friends and neighbors. A few minutes
before the time appoUited for the startfrig of the cars, Mr.
Lincoln, who had personally bid ferewell to nearly aU
present, appeared upon the platform of the car set apart
for the use of himself, family and personal friends, and
made the followiag farewell address :
" My Friends :— No one not in my position can ap
preciate the sadness I feel at this parting. To this peo
ple I owe all that I am. Here I have Uved more than
a quarter of a century ; here my children were born, and
here one of them lies buried. I know not how soon I

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 25
shaU see you again. A duty devolves upon rae which is,
perhaps, greater than that which has devolved upon any
other man since the days of Washington. He never
woiUd have succeeded except for the aid of Divine Prov
idence, upon which he at all times reUed. I feel that J
cannot succeed without the same Divine aid which sus
tained him, and on the same Almighty Being I place my
reUance for support; and I hope you, my friends, wUl all
pray that I may receive that Divine assistance, without
which I cannot succeed, but with which success is cer
tain. Again, I bid you aU an affectionate farewell."
The persons accompanying Mr. Lincoln were Dr. W.
M. WaUace, John G. Nicolay, John M. Hay, Hon. N. P.
Judd, Hon. O. H. Browning, Hon. David Davis, Col. E.
V. Sumner, Maj. D. Hunter, Capt. Geo. Hazzard, Col. E.
E. EUsworth, Col. Ward, H. Lamon, J. M. Burgess, Geo.
C. Latham, W. S. Wood, Mrs. Lincoln, Eobt. T. Lincoln,
a nurse and two chUdren.
FROM SPRINGFIELD TO INDIANAPOLIS.
Along the route several speeches were made by Mr.
Lincoln, in response to the earnest solicitation of the
people, who had gathered in crowds at the way stations.
At the last point in the State of Illinois, in response to
repeated calls, Mr. Lincoln presented himself to the peo
ple, and said :
" I am leaving you on an errand of national import
ance, attended, as you are aware, with considerable diffi
culties. Let us beUeve, as some poet has expressed it,
' Behind the cloud the sun is shining stiU.' I bid you an
affectionate fareweU."
2*

26 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.

RECEPTION AT INDIANAPOLIS.
In this raUroad city, business was temporarUy suspend
ed, and the visit of the President elect was the all-
iibsorbing topic of conversation. The citizens had made
preparation for giving Mr. Lincoln a reception, commen
surate with the dignity of the position of the incoming
of the Chief Magistrate. The principal buUdings of the
city were gaUy decorated with flags. The Legislature
was not in session during the forenoon, and adjourned
shortly after convening in the afternoon. The special
train, containing Mr. Lincoln and suite, which consisted,
in addition to those previously mentioned, of N. Bate
man, E. Peck, J. Grimshaw, W. E. Morrison, L. W. Eoss,
M. H. CasseU, O. M. Hatch, Wm. S. Underwood, W. M.
Butler, Wm. H. OarUn, J. A. Hough, D. H. Gilmer, Gov.
Yates, and Ex-Gov. Moore, arrived at flve o'clock. As
it approached the Union depot, a national salute of thfr-
ty-four guns was fired by the City Greys ArtUlery. On
arriving at the depot. Gov. Morton welcomed the Presi
dent in an earnest speech, in the course of which he said:
" In every free government there will be differences of
opinion, and these differences result in the formation of
parties ; but when the voice of the people has been ex
pressed through the forms of the Constitution, aU pat
riots yield to its obedience. Submission to the popular
wUl is the essential principle of republican government,
and so vital is this principle that it admits of but one
exception, which is revolution. To weaken it is anarchy ;
to destroy it is despotism. It recognizes no appeal be
yond the ballot-box ; and, while it is preserved, liberiy
may be wounded, but never slain. To this principle thc
people of Indiana — ^men of all parties — are loyal, and

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 27
they here welcome you as the Chief Magistrate elect of
the Eepublic.
" When our fathers framed the Constitution, they de
clared it was to form a more perfect Union ; to estabUsh
justice, and to secure the blessings of liberty to them
selves and thefr posterity ; and for these considerations
we proclaim our purpose to maintain that Constitution
inviolate, as it came from thefr hands. This Union has
been the idol of our hopes, the parent of our prosperity,
our shield of protection abroad, and our title to the re
spect and consideration of the world. ' May it be pre
served,' is the prayer of every patriotic heart in Indiana,
and that it shaU be is thefr determination."
The g-uests of the State were then escorted through the
principal streets of the Capital by a procession composed
of both Houses of the Legislature, the public officers,
municipal authorities, military, and firemen. On reach
ing the Bates House, Mr. Lincoln was called for with
great enthusiasm, and he addressed the people as foUows :
" Fellow-citizens of the State of Indiana : I am
here to thank you much for this magnificent welcome, and
StiU more for the very generous support given by your
State to that political cause, which I think is the true and
just cause of the whole country and the whole world.
Solomon says ' there is a time to keep silence ;' and when
men wrangle by the mouth, with no certainty that they
mean the same thing whUe using the same words, it per
haps were as well if they would keep silence. The words
' coercion' and ' invasion' are much used in these days,
and often with some temper and hot blood. Let us make
sure, if we can, that we do not misunderstand the mean
ing of those who use them. Let us get the exact defini
tions of these words, not from dictionaries, but from the

28 LINCOLN memorial.
men themselves, who certainly deprecate the things they
would represent by the use of the words. What, then, is
' coercion V What is ' invasion V Would the marching
of an army into South Carolina, without the consent of
her people, and with hostUe intent towards them, be in
vasion 1 I certainly think it would, and it would be
' coercion' also if the South Carolinians were forced to
submit. But if the United States should merely hold
and retake its own forts and other property, and collect
the duties on foreign importations, or even withhold the
mails from places where they were habituaUy violated,
would any or aU of these things be ' invasion' or ' coer
cion V Do our professed lovers of the Union, but who
spitefuUy resolve that they wiU resist coercion and inva
sion, understand that such things as these, on the part of
the United States, would be coercion or invasion of a
State ? If so, thefr idea of means to preserve the object
of thefr great affection would seem to be exceedingly thin
and airy. If sick, the Uttle piUs of the homoeopathist
would be much too large for it to swaUow. In thefr
view, the Union, as a family relation, would seem to be
no regular marriage, but rather a sort of ' free-love' ar
rangement, to be maintained on passional attraction. By
the way, in what consists the special sacredness of a
State 1 I speak not of the position assigned to a State
in the Union by the Constitution, for that is the bond we
aU recognize. That position, however, a State cannot
carry out of the Union with it. I speak of that assumed
primary right of a State to rule all which is less than it
self, and to ruin all which is larger than itself If a State
and a County, in a given case, should be equal in extent
of territory and equal in number of inhabitants, in what,
as a matter of principle, is the State better than the
County 1 Would an exchange of name be an exchange

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 29
of rights'? Upon what principle, upon what rightful
priuciple, may a Stare, being no more than one-fiftieth
part of the nation in soU and population, break up the
nation, and then coerce a proportionably larger subdivis
ion of itself in the most arbitrary way"? What mysteri
ous right to play tyrant is conferred on a district of
country with its people, by merely calling it a State 1
FeUow-citizens, I am not asserting any thing. I am
merely asking questions for you to consider. And now
aUow me to bid you farewell."
FROM INDIANAPOLIS TO CINCINNATI.
At eleven o'clock on the 12th, the special train provided
for the accommodation of the President elect and suite,
started from the Union Depot at Indianapolis, amid the
shouts and cheers of five thousand ardent patriots. The
train consisted of four passenger cars and a baggage car.
The thfrd and fourth cars were occupied by the Cincin
nati Eeception Committee, Mr. Lincoln and his suite, and
the representatives of the press ; the other two by ex
cursionists — ^ladies and gentlemen. On boarding the cars
Mr. Lincoln was welcomed to Cincinnati by Judge Este,
on behalf ofthe citizens, and by Major Dennis J. Yoohey,
on behalf of the Board of Common Council. Mr. Lin
coln replied in a brief and timely speech, acknowledging
his gratitude to the citizens of Cincinnati for such marked
respect and esteem. The first stop was made at Shelby
ville, lasting but two minutes. Mr. Lincoln merely ap
peared on the rear platform and courteously bowed in
response to the cheering of the enthusiastic multitude.
At Greensburgh a simUar stop was made. Mr. Lincoln
briefly returned his thanks to the crowd for the compli
ment they paid him in assembling in such numbers to
honor his visit to the Hoosier State. A rapid rate of

30 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
speed was kept up on the entfre route ; the trip, includ-
ding "rests," being made in five hours and fifteen min
utes. At Lawrenceburgh, Mr. Lincoln delivered a short
speech. He hoped those whom he addressed were Union men.
(A voice : " Indeed we are.") " The answer shows that
you are right," responded Mr. Lincoln. "You ask only
what is right for either side of this river, and I say to
you that the power intrusted to me shaU be exercised as
perfectly to protect the rights of your neighbors across
the river, as to protect yours on this side. I know no
difference in the protection of constitutional rights on
either side of the river. (A voice : ' May the public men
be as right as the people are.') Yes, that is the thing
precisely. And let me teU you, that if the people remain
right, your public men can never betray you. If, in
my brief term of public office, I shall be wicked or fool
ish, if you remain right, and true, and honest, you cannot
be betrayed. My power is temporary and fleeting —
yours is as eternal as the principle of liberty. Cultivate
and protect that sentiment, and your ambitious leaders
will be reduced to the position of servants instead of
masters." Nothing else worthy of notice occurred during the trip,
except that the family of General Harrison were assem
bled around his grave, to whom Mr. Lincoln bowed his
respects to the memory of that patriot.
RECEPTION AT CINCINNATI.
A more beautiful day seldom graced the month of Feb
ruary. The sun shone briUiantly. The heavens were not
darkened by a cloud during the day. As the hour ap-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 31
preached for the arrival of the train, every avenue lead
ing in the dfrection of the Indianapolis and Cincinnati
railroad depot was thronged with citizens, hurrying
thither in order to obtain as convenient a position as pos
sible. The numbers increased as the time grew less, un
tU the space in front of and below and above the depot
was crowded with a mass of human beUigs. The win
dows and the roofs of the neighboring houses were occu
pied and the board and coal piles were covered with the
expectant people. The bridge leading over the canal at
the foot of Wood-street was so densely packed that its
sudden faU was looked for by many, who advised those
upon it to station themselves elsewhere. This advice
was unheeded ; but, fortunately, no accident happened.
About half-past two o'clock the municipal and special
poUce arrived, in command of Capt. Lewis WUson. After
clearing the depot and a carriage way in the street, they
took position on Front-street, west of the depot. The
mUitary arrived soon after, and took the position assigned
them. This set the spectators on the qui vive, and they
indulged in frequent shouts as some mischievous urchin
would start the report that the train was coming. But
people on such occasions are always doomed to disap
pointment ; thefr impatience makes the time seem doubly
long. Finally the boom of the cannon on the bank of the
river announced the approach of the train. As it neared
the depot the crowd gave a loud and prolonged cheer,
which was again renewed when Mr. Lincoln was seen
stepping from a car with Mayor E. M. Bishop, followed by
his suite and the various committees. After a number of
provoking delays, they reach the carriages, when the
rowd became perfectly wUd with enthusiasm. Cheer
after cheer rent the afr; shouts after shouts for the
"President" and the "Union;" and amid the exciting

32 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
scene, Mr. Lincoln rose in the carriage, uncovered his
head, and acknowledged the greeting with repeated bows.
The procession soon after started, but it was with much
difficulty that Mr. LincoUi's carriage was driven through
the mass of the people that blocked up the way from the
depot to Freeman-street. THE PROCESSION.
The procession moved in the foUowing order :
Miles Greenwood, Grand Marshal, and Aids, mounted.
Major-General Lytle and Staff, mounted.
Brigadier-General Bates and Staff.
Steuben Artillery, Captain Ammis.
First Cincinnati Battalion, in command of Major Kennett,
composed of the following companies :
Lafayette, Guards, Capt. MiUer.
German Yagers, Capt. Sommer.
Rover Guards, Lieut. Hubbell, commanding.
Cincinnati Zouaves, Lieut. Anderson, commanding.
First Company Second Cincinnati Battalion, Capt. Pendrey.
Continental Battalion, in command of Colonel Jones, as follows -.
Company A, Capt. Jackson.
Company B. Capt. Whitcom.
Independent Guthrie Greys Battalion — two companies, in command
of Major Bosley.
Detachment of Washington Dragoons, acting as special guard
to the carriage, Capt. Pfau.
Abraham Lincoln, President elect, in carriage,
drawn by six white horses.
Second Detachment of Washington Dragoons, Capt. Pfau.
Carriages with the suite of President elect.
Committees, in carriages.
Citizens, on horseback.
Citizens, in carriages.
The carriage in which Mr. Lincoln rode was an open
one and was drawn by six white horses, which were beau
tifully caparisoned with thenational colors. Mayor Bishop

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 33
occupied a seat by the side of the guest. Ex-Mayor Foley,
of Covington, and Mayor Hawkins, of Newport, occupied
the remaining seats in the carriages.
The carriage was accompanied by Major Burke aud
Capt. Cloon, two of Maj. Gen. Lytle's staff, whom he de
tailed especiaUy for this service. A detachment of police
marched in such a manner as to surrouad the carriage so
as to prevent serious delays from the pressure of the
crowd. ROUTE AND DECORATIONS.
The route lay on Front and Freeman streets from the
depot to Sixth street, up Sixth to Mound street, out
Mound to Eighth, on Eighth street to Elm, up Elm to
Fifteenth, out Fifteenth to Vine, down Vine to the Bur
net House.
A large number of residences along the route were dec
orated with national flags and various patriotic devices.
Some of them were more marked than others, and are
worthy of special mention. The yard and residence of
E. M. Corwine, Esq., on Sixth street, attracted much at
tention. Beside the other decorations on the west side of
the house, was a large flag, bearing these expressive words :
" Welcome to the President of Thirty-four States." Mayor
Bishop's house, corner of Eighth and Mound, was very
neatly and very patriotically decorated. The house of
Mr. Stratton had in large white letters on a blue ground,
this one word, dear to every patriot, " Union." Elm
street to the intersection of Fifteenth was decorated in an
attractive manner, but Vine street to the canal presented
the most attractive and patriotic appearance. There was
hardly a residence or a public building that did not have
every window decorated with flags. Banners were stretch
ed across the streets, and there were portraits of Wash-
3

34 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,.
ington and of Lincoln surrounded with wreaths of ever
green. The city in other parts was profusely decorated.
The Court House, City BuUdings, Custom House, aU of
the Engine Houses, and Times, Commercial and Gazette
offices, had the stars and stripes flung to the breeze, and
the business houses generally had very handsome flags
extended from their establishments. The Catholic Insti
tute exhibited the most beautiful and costly flag. The
decorations ofthe Gibson House, drew forth the heartiest
praises of any in the city. An immense transparency,
sixty feet in length and twenty in breadth, made of red,
white and blue muslin, was elevated on the lower balcony
of the hotel. At one end it contained a portrait of Lin
coln, at the other a portrait of Hamlin, and in the center
a portrait of Washington above the federal coat of arms.
The intervening spaces were fiUed with the foUowing mot
toes : " The people wiU sustain the people's choice."
" Honor to a President, not to a Partisan." " A union of
hearts, a union of hands." "A union that nothing can
sever." "A union of States, a union of lands." "The
American Union, forever." " The Union must and shaU
be preserved." " Protection to theEights of aU Sections."
" Maintenance of the Letter and Spfrit of the Constitution
and Preservation of the Union at aU hazards." "The
time has come when Demagogues must go Under." " The
security of a Eepublic is in the maintenance of the Laws."
Beneath aU this, on a pink ground work, were the names
of the thirty-four States, each encfrcled with evergreens.
Under those which seceded were the words : " Out on
paper." The whole was exceedmgly patriotic and apropos.
The transparency, with the entfre hotel front, was brU-
Uantly Uluminated in the evening. At the Banner Ward
House on Vine street, there was displayed a rich sUk
banner which was intended to be presented to Mr. Lin-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 35
coin. In the centre, on one side, were the initial letters
"A. L." encircled by a wreath of evergreens. Around
this were the words ; " Protect this banner against any in
sult, whatsoever." On the reverse side were the words
"Our Constitution," encircled by evergreen, and above
this sentence : " Be firm, and the hopes of freeman are
fulfiUed." At the Orphan Asylum all of the chUdren were assem
bled, and on the approach of Mr. Lincoln's carriage they
sang a patriotic song to the tune of " Hail Columbia,"
waving at the same time flags which they held in their
hands. On Vine street, at the Banner Ward House,
there were a dozen or more tables on the line of the street,
upon which stood twenty or thirty little gfrls dressed in
white. Mr. Lincoln's carraige was stopped while they
sang the " Star Spangled Banner." One of the Uttle
gfrls was taken in the arms of a brawny German and car
ried to the carriage, when she modestly handed Mr. Lin
coln a single flower, and he in return stooped and kissed
the chUd. The incident, so touching and beautiful, filled
many eyes with tears, and the effect was not lost on the
hearts of any. Further on Vine, a large German sitting
on a huge beer barrel, with a glass of lager in his hand,
thus addressed the President elect: " God he with you.
Unforce the laws and save o^ir country. Mere's your health."
From the canal to the Burnet House the streets were
lined with thousands of people. From Fifth to Thfrd one
mass of human beings thronged the way, and it was with
the greatest difficulty that the carriage moved at all.
From every window and housetop handkerchiefs waved,
and from the people in the streets the most enthusiastic
cheers rent the afr. Mr. Lincoln stood up in the carriage
and bowed acknowledgment to either side. The Post
Office steps and the intersections of Fourth and Vine and

36 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Third and Vine presented the most magnificent spectacles
ever witnessed in Cincinnati. A large portion of the im
mense gathering was composed of ladies, who vied with
each other in waving, with handkerchiefs, a welcome to
the President elect.
The Burnet House was reached at five o'clock, but it
was half an hour later before Mr. LincoUi appeared upon
the balcony. He was introduced to the people by Mayor
Bishop, in the foUowing words :
" Honored Sir : In the name ofthe people of all classes
of my fellow-citizens, I extend to you a cordial welcome,
and in their behalf I have the honor of offering you the
hospitalities of Cincinnati. Our city needs no eulogy from
me. Her well known character for enterprise, liberaUty
and hospitality, is not more distinguished than is her un
dying devotion to the Union of these States, and a warm,
filial and affectionate regard for that glorious ensign which
has ' Braved the battle and the breeze,'
upon land and sea so many years. The people imder the
solemn and dignified forms of the Constitution have
chosen you as President of the United States, and as such
I greet you. And you wiU believe me, when I say, that
it is the earnest and united desire of our citizens that your
Administration ofthe General Government may be marked
by wisdom, patriotism and justice, to all sections of the
country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans, from the
northern boundary of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico. So
that when you retire from office your fellow-citizens may
greet you everywhere with the cheering words, 'Well
done thou good and faithful servant.'
" But, sir, I see in this great and anxious concourse not
only the citizens of Ohio, but also many from our sister
state, Kentucky— the land of Clay, the former home of

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 37
your parents and mine, and the place of your bfrth.
These, too, greet you, for they, like us, are, and ever wiU
be, loyal to the Constitution and the Union. I again wel
come you to our noble city, and trust that your short stay
with us may be an agreeable one, and that your journey
to our Federal Capital may be pleasant and safe."
The President elect responded as foUows:
" Mr. Mayor, Ladles and Gentlemen : Twenty-four
hours ago, at the Capital of Indiana, I said to myself, I
have never seen so many people assembled together in
winter weather. I am no longer able to say that. But
it is what might reasonably have been expected — that
this great city of Cincinnati woiUd thus acquit herself on
such an occasion. My friends, I. am entfrely overwhelmed
by the magnificence of the reception which has been
given, I wUl not say to me, but to the President elect
of the United States of America. Most heartily do I
thank you one and all for it. I am reminded by the
address of your worthy Mayor, that this reception is
given, not by one political party, and even if I had not
been so reminded by His Honor, I could not have faUed
to know the fact by the extent of the multitude I see be
fore me now. I coiUd not look upon this vast assem
blage without being made aware that aU parties were
united in this reception. This is as it should be. It
is as it should have been if Senator Douglas had been
elected ; it is as it should have been if Mr. Bell had been
elected ; as it should have been if Mr. Breckinridge had
been elected ; as it should ever be when any citizen of
the United States is constitutionally elected President of
the United States. Allow me to say that I think what
has occurred here to-day could not have occurred in any
other country on the face of the globe, without the in-

38 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
fluence of the free institutions which we have unceasingly
enjoyed for three-quarters of a century. There is no
country where the people can turn out and enjoy this day
precisely as they please, save under the benign influence
of the free institutions of our land. I hope that, although
we have some threatening national difficulties now, whUe
these free institutions shaU continue to be in the enjoy
ment of miUions of free people of the United States, we
wUl see repeated every four years what we now witness.
In a few short years I and every other individual man
who is now living wUl pass away. I hope that our na
tional difficulties wiU also pass away, and I hope we shaU
see in the streets of Cincinnati — good old Cincinnati —
for centuries to come, once every four years, the people
give such a reception as this to the constitutionaUy elected
President of the whole United States. I hope you shaU
aU join in that reception, and that you shaU also welcome
your brethren across the river to participate in it. We
wiU welcome them in every State in the Union, no mat
ter where they are from. From away South, we shaU
extend to them a cordial good wUl, when our present dif
ferences shaU have been forgotten and blown to the winds
forever. " I have spoken but once before this in Cincinnati. That
was a year previous to the late Presidential election. On
that occasion, in a playful manner but with sincere words,
I addressed much of what I said to the Kentuckians. I
gave my opinion that we as Eepublicans would ultimately
beat them as Democrats, but that they could postpone that
result longer by nominating Senator Douglas for the Presi
dency than they could in any other way. They did not
in the true sense of the word nominate Douglas, and the
result has come certainly as soon as I expected. I also
told them how I expected they would be treated after

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 39
they should have been beaten ; and I now wish to caU or
recaU thefr attention to what I then said upon that sub
ject. I then said : ' When we do, as we say, beat you,
you perhaps wUl want to know what we wUl do with you.
We mean to treat you as near as we possibly can as Wash
ington, Jefferson and Madison treated you. We mean to
leave you alone and in no way to interfere with your in
stitutions, to abide by aU and every compromise of the
Constitution ; and, in a word, coming back to the original
proposition to treat you as far as degenerate men, if we
have degenerated, may according to the examples of those
noble fathers Washington, Jefferson and Madison. We
mean to remember that you are as good as we — that there
is no difference between us — other than the difference of
cfrcumstances. We mean to recognize and bear in mind
always that you have as good hearts in your bosoms as
other people, or as good as we claim to have and trea*
you accordingly.'
"FeUow-citizens of Kentucky, friends, brethren : May
I call you such 1 In my new position I see no occasion
and feel no inclination to retract a word of this. If it
shaU not be made good be assured that the fault shaU not
be mine."
Prolonged cheers signified general approval of this
speech. About half-past eight o'clock near two thousand of the
Germans, Free Workingmen of the city, marched in pro
cession to the Burnet House, many of them bearing torch
es, and called upon the President elect. Mr. Lincoln was
escorted to the balcony, and was greeted on behalf of the
workingmen by Mr. Fred. Oberkleine, to whom he replied :
Mr. Chairman : I thank you and those you represent
for the compliment paid me by the tender of this address.
In so far as there is an allusion to our present national

40 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
difficulties, and the suggestion of the views of the gen
tlemen who present this address, I beg you will excuse
me from entering particularly upon it. I deem it due ta;
myself and the whole country, in the present extraordi
nary condition ofthe country, and of public opinion, that
I should wait and see the last development of public
opinion before I give my views or express myself at the
time of the inauguration. I hope at that time to be false
to nothing you have been taught to expect of me.
I agree with you Mr. Chairman, and the address of your
constituents in the declaration, that workingmen are the
basis of all government. That remark is due to them
more than to any other class, for the reason that there are
more of them than of any other class. And as your ad
dress is presented to me not only on behalf of the work
ingmen, but especially of Germans, I may say a word as
to classes. I hold the value of Ufe is to improve one's
condition. Whatever is calculated to advance the condi
tion of the honest struggling laboring man, so far as my
judgment will enable me to judge of a correct thing, I am
for that thing. An aUusion has been made to the Home
stead Law. I think it worthy of consideration, and that
the wilds of the country should be distributed so that
every man should have the means and opportunity of
benefitting his condition. I have said I do not desfre to
enter into details, nor wUl I.
In regard to Germans and foreigners. I esteem for
eigners no better than other people, nor any worse.
[Laughter and cheers.] They are all of the great family
of men, and if there is one shackle upon any of them it
would be far better to lift the load from them than to pUe
additional loads upon tbem. And inasmuch as the conti
nent of America is comparatively a new country, and the
other countries of the world are old countries, there is

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 41
more room here comparatively speaking than there is
there ; and if they cau better their condition by leaving
thefr old homes, there is nothing in my heart to forbid
them coming ; and I bid them aU God speed. [Cheers.]
Again, gentlemen, thanking you for your address I bid
you good night." FROM CINCINNATI TO COLUMBUS.
The President elect and suite, to which Captain John
Pope had been added, left Cincinnati on the morning of
the 13th for the Capital of Ohio, upon a special train of
cars provided by the Little Miami Eailway. At most of
the stations en route large numbers of people had assem
bled to welcome Mr. Lincoln, but no incidents worthy of
special notice occurred.
RECEPTION AT THE CAPITAL OP OHIO.
On the 31st of January, 1860, the General Assembly
of Ohio passed a resolution inviting Mr. Lincoln to visit
the Capital on his way to Washington, and the following
members were appointed a committee to extend the invi
tation and superintend the necessary preparations for the
visit : On the part of the House — S. E. Brown, of Miami ;
J. Scott, of Warren ; W. G. Flagg, of HamUton ; John
Welsh, of Athens; G. W. Andrews, of Auglaize; E.
Parrott, of Montgomery ; Jesse Baldwin, of Cuyahoga.
On the part of the Senate — James Monroe, of Lorain ; F.
P. Cuppy, of Montgomery, and G. W. Holmes, of Ham
Uton. The committee invited the co-operation of the city
authorities of Columbus, and at a special meeting of
Council it was determined, on motion of 0. P. L. Butler,
cordially to co-operate, and the following named gentle
men were designated as a committee of Invitation :
Mayor, L. English, President of CouncU, L. Donaldson,

42 ¦ LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Theo. Comstock, 0. P. L. Butler, and J. H. Stauring.
Committee of Arrangements : A. L. Buttles, Joseph H.
Eiley, and S. E. Ogden.
The invitation to visit the Capital was extended to Mr.
Lincoln by the State and city committees at IndianapoUs,
and was promptly accepted. Preparations for the recep
tion were immediately begun upon a scale befitting the
importance and interest attaching to the visit ; and on
the morning of the 13th of February the several commit
tees and the Adjutant General of the State issued the
foUowing :
Peogkammb. — The President elect and suite, accompanied by the
committees appointed on the part of the General Assembly and the
Executive, will reach Columbus about 2 o'clock P. M. to-day, aud
wiU proceed at once to the State Capitol in carriages, under escort
of the 1st Battalion, 2d Regiment, Lieut. Col. Mills commanding.
The Governor will receive the President elect at the Executive
Rooms ; thence, accompanied by the committee of Escort, they will
proceed to the Hall of Representatives, when the Governor wUl pre
sent the President elect to the General Assembly, through Lieut.
Gov. Kirk, its presiding of^cer ; after which the President elect will
proceed to the rotunda of the Capitol, where he will receive the
citizens until 5 o'clock P. M. From &J o'clock to 10 P. M. there wUl
be a levee at the House of Representatives for ladies and their
escorts. This levee, and all ceremonies, will close at 10 o'clock pre
cisely. The President elect will be the guest of the Governor duriag
his stay in the city, and with his suite, accompanied by the Gover
nor's aids and the proper committees, wiU leave for Pittsburg by
special train at 8 o'clock A. M. on Thursday. The execution of this
programme -wiU be intrusted to Brig. Gen. Lucian Buttles, who is
appointed Marshal of the day. Proper salutes wiU be fired on the
arrival and departure of the Presideut elect.
JOINT COMMITTEES OF ARKANGBMENT.
Senate Committee — James Monroe, F. P. Cuppy, Geo. W. Holmes.
Bouse Committee— Samuel Brown, G. W. Andrews, E. Parrott, J.
Scott, Wm. J. Flagg, Isaac Welsh, Jesse Baldwin.
Committee of City Council— A, B. Buttles, J. H. Riley, S. E. Ogden.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 43
General Headquarters, Adjt. Gen.'s Office,
Columbus, O., February 9, 1861.
Special Order, No. 45.
Quartermaster General D. L. Wood will make proper provision
for the salutes, and Lieut. Col. Mills will furnish the infantry esoort
contemplated in the ofiioial programme for the reception of the
President elect of the United States at the Capitol of Ohio, Feb
ruary 13, 1861, announced by the joint committee of the General
Assembly of this day.
By order. H. B. CARRINGTON, Adjutant General.
On the 13th, propitious weather and enthusiasm drew
thousands of people together to pay their respects to the
President elect. At an early hour High street was
swarming with excited humanity. The people continued
to arrive till noon, when not less than five thousand
strangers were in the city. At about one o'clock the
mUitary of the city, headed by Goodman's band, formed
and marched to the depot. Here the crowd was im
mense. Every eUgible spot in the vicinity of the depot
buildings was black with men, women and youths, who
were painfully anxious to get a gUmpse of the distin
guished guest whom they had assembled to honor. As
the time for the arrival of the special train drew near, the
excitement grew intense ; it could be felt rather than ob
served through the ordinary channels; and when the
train was signalled from the flrst bridge, and the first of
the thfrty-four gun salute fired, this excitement found
vent in a vigorous huzza. The train drove slowly up,
and was at once besieged by hundreds of men wild with
enthusiasm, who demanded that the President elect
should show himself. A minute or two only elapsed after
the train came to a halt, when Mr. Lincoln appeared on
the rear platform of the train, and with head uncovered
and a pleasant smUe, bowed acknowledgment of the
manifestations of consideration and respect whioh met

44 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
him on aU hands. The afr was rent with deafening
shouts, as the President elect passed from the train to
the open carriage in waiting. Then commenced the tri
umphal march to the State House. First in order were
the mUitary escort and band, then the President elect,
foUowed by his suite and reception committee. This cav
alcade was flanked by great crowds of the excited popu
lace, whUe the more staid, in buggies, with foot passen
gers who conld not find room on the flanks, brought up
the rear. The band discoursed the national afrs with
great vigor, the crowd huzzahed their frrepressible en
thusiasm, and the ladies and chUdren waved thefr respect
from the sidewalks and windows with handkerchiefs and
miniature flags. The western steps and portico of the
State House were densely packed with an expectant
throng, while the broad walks leading from the western
entrance of the yard to the buUding, and the space im
mediately in front, were jammed. Through this dense
mass of humanity the President elect, escorted by the
reception committee, dfrected his way, preceded by the
mUitary, who opened up a path to the vestibule of the
Capitol. Cheer upon cheer, hearty and deafening, fol
lowed the distinguished guest as he passed into the State
House to receive the respects of the Governor and Legis
lature. The crowd — a very good natured one, indeed —
remained stationary, making the most of thefr uncom
fortable position (being packed together as closely as
pickles in a jar), untU they should be favored with a
speech and a levee from the President elect, which they
knew were in store for them. Many pleasantries, sug
gested by the occasion and circumstances, were perpe
trated, producing much good feeling.
While the crowd was thus held in suspense, waiting
for the conclusion of the in-door proceedings, but one in-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 45
cident worthy of record occurred. The stars and stripes
were elevated above the State House, and as they danced
gaily in the breeze, three loud cheers were given with a
wUl. The fortunate people who had passes — and these, beside
the legislators, were very few — began to crowd the Hall
of the House, directly after the doors were opened.
Lovely women, with the promptness of the sex on public
occasions, took possession of the galleries ; and when (as
the reporter of the Ohio State Journal described the
scene) " these were inundated with successive waves of
crinoline, the rules were suspended and the ladies admit
ted to the floor of the House." The Senators had taken
seats with the Eepresentatives. A tumult near the door
of the hall announced the arrival of the President. Mr.
Lincoln entered the room, attended by Governor Denni-
son and the legislative committees, and advanced to the
Clerk's desk, the members of the two Houses rising to
receive him. Governor Dennison introduced him to the
Legislature, and the President of the Senate responded
in the foUowing speech of welcome :
" Sir : On this day, and probably this very hour, the
Congress of the United States will declare the verdict of
the people, making you their President. It is my pleas
urable duty, in behalf of the people of Ohio, speaking
through this General Assembly, to welcome you to their
Capital. Never in the history of this Government has
such fearful responsibility rested upon the Chief Executive
of the nation as will now devolve upon you. Never since
the memorable time our patriotic fathers gave existence
to the American Eepublic, have the people looked with
such intensity of feeling to the inauguration and future
poUcy of a President, as they do to yours. I need not

46 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
assure you that the people of Ohio have fuU confidence
in your abUity and patriotism, and wiU respond to you
in their loyalty to the Union and the Constitution. It
would seem, sir, that the great problem of seK-govem-
ment is to be solved under your admmistration. AU na
tions are deeply interested in its solution, and they wait
with breathless anxiety to know whether this form of
govemment, which has been the admfration of the world,
is to be a failure or not. It is the earnest and united
prayer of our people, that the same kind Providence
which protected us in our colonial struggles, and has
attended us thus far in our prosperity and greatness, will
so imbue your mind with wisdom, that you may dispel
the dark clouds that hang over our political horizon, and
thereby secure the return of harmony and fraternal feel
ing to our now distracted and unhappy country. Again
I bid you a cordial welcome to our Capital."
Mr. Lincoln responded in these words :
" Gentlemen of the Senate, and Citizens of
Ohio : It is true, as has been said by the President of the
Senate, that very great responsibility rests upon me in
the position to which the votes of the American people
have caUed me. I am deeply sensible of that weighty
responsibUity. I cannot but know, what you aU know,
that without a name — perhaps without a reason why I
should have a name — ^there has fallen upon me a task
such as did not rest upon the Father of his Country.
And so feeling, I cannot but turn and look for the sup
port without which it wUl be impossible for me to per
form that great task. I turn, then, and look to the
American people, and to that God who has never for
saken them.
" Allusion has been made to the interest felt in rela-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 47
tion to the policy of the new administration. In this I
have received from some a degree of credit for having
kept silence, from others some depreciation. I stUl think
I was right. In the varying and repeatedly shifting
scenes of the present, without a precedent which could
enable me to judge for the past, it has seemed fitting
that before speaking upon the difiiculties of the country
I should have gained a view of the whole field. To be
sure, after aU, I would be at liberty to modify and change
the course of poUcy as future events inight make a change
necessary. "I have not maintained sUence from any want of real
anxiety. It is a good thing that there is no more than
anxiety, for there is nothing going wrong. It is a con
soling cfrcumstance that when we look out there is noth
ing that reaUy hurts anybody. We entertain different
views upon poUtical questions, but nobody is suffering
anything. This is a most consoling cfrcumstance, and
from it I judge that aU we want is time and patience,
and a reUance on that God who has never forsaken this
people." The speeches were Ustened to with attention, and re-
received with deep feeling. At the conclusion of Mr.
Lincoln's remarks the applause was quick and hearty.
The reporter for the Ohio State Journal, describing the
incidents of the day, said :
" The impression which the appearance of the Presi
dent elect created was most agreeable. His great height
was conspicuous even in that crowd of goodly men, and
Ufted him fuUy in view as he walked up the aisle. When
he took the Speaker's stand, a better opportunity was
afforded to look at the man upon whom more hopes hang
than upon any other living. At first the kindness and
amiabUity of his face strikes you ; but as he speaks, the

48 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
greatness and determination of his nature are apparent.
Something in his manner, even more than in his words,
told how deeply he was affected by the enthusiasm of the
people ; and when he appealed to them for encourige-
ment and support, every heart responded with mute as
surance of both. There was the simplicity of greatness
in his unassuming and confiding manner, that won its
way to instant admiration. He looked somewhat worn
with travel and the fatigues of popularity, but warmed
to the cordiaUty of his reception."
After the ceremonies in the HaU, the Presidential party
went to the western steps of the Capitol, where Mr. Lia
coln addressed a vast concourse of people. He said :
" Ladies and Gentlemen : I appear before you only
to address you very briefly. I shaU do little else than to
thank you for this very kind reception ; to greet you and
bid you farewell. I should not flnd strength, if I were
otherwise inclined, to repeat speeches of very great
length, upon every occasion simUar to this — although
few so large — which wUl occur on my way to the Federal
Capital. The General Assembly of the great State of
Ohio has just done me the honor to receive me, and to
hear a few broken remarks from myself. Judging from
what I see, I infer that the reception was one without
party distinction, and one of entire kindness — one that
had nothing in it beyond a feeling of the citizenship of
the United States of America. Knowing, as I do, that
any crowd, drawn together as this has been, is made up
of the citizens near about, and that in this county of
FrankUn there is great difference of political sentiment,
and those agreeing with me having a little the shortest
row; from this and the circumstances I have mentioned,
I infer that you do me the honor to meet me here without
distinction of party. I think this is as it should be.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 49
Many of you who were not favorable to the election ol
myself to the Presidency, were favorable to the elec
tion of the distinguished Senator from the State in which
I reside. If Senator Douglas had been elected to the
Presidency in the late contest, I think my friends would
have joined heartUy in meeting and gTceting him on his
passage through your Capital, as you have me to-day. If
any of the other candidates had been elected, I think it
would have been altogether becoming and proper for all
to have joined in showing honor quite as weU to the office
and the country as to the man. The people are them
selves honored by such a concentration. I am doubly
thankful that you have, appeared here to give me this
greeting. It is not much to me, for I shall very soon pass
away fr-om you ; but we have a large country and a large
future before us, and the manifestations of good will
towards the Government, and affection for the Union,
which you may exhibit, are of immense value to you and
your posterity forever. In this point of view it is that I
thank you most heartUy for the exhibition you have given
me ; and with this, allow me to bid you an affectionate
farewell." The speaking concluded, hand-shaking commenced.
Mr. Lincoln took his position in the rotunda near the
stafrway leading to the Library, and the people admitted
at the south door, passed through and out at the north
door. Almost immediately the vast rotunda was crowded
with eager, turbulent, pushing, crowding, jostling sover
eigns, frantic to wrench the hand of the President elect.
An attempt was made to preserve a lane through which
the hand- shakers might pass to Mr. Lincoln, and furious
and heroic were the struggles to keep this avenue open.
With a sublime devotion, which demands highest praise, a
few spartan s held back the crowd , which heaved an d surged
3*

50 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
to and fro. For a whUe the President greeted the people
with his right hand only, but as the officers gave way be
fore the frresistible crowd, he shook hands right and left,
with astonishing rapidity. The physical exertion must
have been tremendous.. People plunged at his arms with
frantic enthusiasm, and all the infinite variety of shakes,
from the wild and frrepressible pump-handle movement
to the dead grip, was executed upon the devoted sinister
and dexter of the President. Some glanced into his face
as they grasped his hand ; others invoked the blessings
of heaven upon him ; others affectionately gave him their
last gasping assurance of devotion; others, bewildered
and furious, with hats crushed over their eyes, seized his
hand in a convulsive grasp, and passed on as if they had
not the remotest idea who, what, or where they were, nor
what anything was at aU about. But at last the perform
ance became intolerable to the President, who retired to
the stafr-case in exhaustion, and contented himself with
looking at the crowd as it swept before him. It was a very
good-natured crowd, nothing occurred to mar the harmony
of the occasion, and the utmost enthusiasm prevailed.
The President remained in the Capitol untU half-past four,
and then withdrew to the Governor's residence.
In the evening the State ofiicers, members ofthe Legisla^
ture. City Council, and others paid their respects to the
President elect, at the residence ot Governor Dennison,
where a collation was served. At half-past eight o'clock
Mr. Lincoln repaired to the State House, where he held a
brief levee, meeting many prominent citizens, and ex
changing pleasant salutations.
FROM COLUMBUS TO PITTSBURG.
The President elect and party left Columbus at eight
o'clock on the morning of the 14th. The morning was

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 51
wet, but, in spite of the rain, numbers had coUected in the
depot, who bid Mr. Lincoln adieu. At Newark, Frazees-
burg, Dresden, Coshocton, Newcomerstown and Urichs-
viUe large crowds of ladies and gentlemen had collected,
notwithstanding a pelting rain. The train stopped at
Cadiz Junction, where an elegant dinner was prepared by
Mrs. T. L. Jewett, wife of the President of the Steuben-
vUle and Indiana EaUroad. Mrs. Jewett was invited and
accompanied the train ; also the Steubenville committee.
When the cars reached SteubenvUle the rain had ceased,
and there was a demonstration of about five thousand
people at the depot. Anud the firing of the cannon, Mr.
Lincoln ascended the stage and was welcomed by Judge
Loyd. Mr. Lincoln responded briefiy. He said :
' ' I fear that great confidence in my abilities is unfounded.
The place I am about to assume is encompassed by vast
difficulties. As I am, nothing shall be wanting on my
part ; imless sustained by the American people and God,
I cannot hope to be successful. I believe the devotion to
the Constitution is equally great on both sides of the
river ; it is only the different understandings of it. The
only dispute is, what are their rights '? If the majority
should not rule, who should be the judge '? When such
a judge is found we must be all bound by his decision.
That judge is the majority of the American people ; if
not, then the minority must control. Would that be right,
just or generous ? Assuredly not. He reiterated that the
majority should rule. If he adopted a wrong policy, the
opportunity to condemn it would occur in four years ; then
I can be turned out, and a better man, with better views,
put in my place." The time being up, the speech was cut
short. Mr. McCuUough, President ofthe Cleveland and Pitts-

52 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
burg road, got on the train to accompany the party to
Cleveland; also the committee to invite Mr. Lincohi to
the reception at Alleghany City. At WeUsvUle the Cleve
land committee joined the party.
RECEPTION AT PITTSBURG.
A pelting rain prevented the intended demonstration
to some extent. The party proceeded in carriages to the
Monongahela House, Pittsburg, where Mr. Lincoln ad
dressed an immense crowd. He said he would not give
them a speech, as he thought it more rare, if not more
wise, for a public man. He expressed his gratification
and surprise at seeing so great a crowd and such bound
less enthusiasm manifested in the night time, and under
such untoward cfrcumstances, to greet so unworthy an
individual as himself. This was undoubtedly attributable
to the position to which, more by accident than by merit,
he had attained. He remarked, further, that if aU these
energetic, whole-souled people whom he saw before him
were for the preservation of the Union, he did not see how
it could be in danger. [Cheering — cries of Union and no
compromise.] He had intended to say a few words to the
people of Pittsburg, the greatest manufacturing city in
the United States, upon such matters as he believed they
desired to hear ; but as he had adopted the plan of hold
ing his tongue for the most part during the last canvass,
and since his election, he had, perhaps, better now hold
his tongue. [Cries of " Go on."] Well, I am reminded
that there is an Alleghany City as well as an AUeghany
county; the former the banner town and the latter the
banner county, perhaps, of the world. I am glad to see
both of them and the good people of both. That I may
not disappoint these, I will say a few words to-morrow as
to the pecuUar interests of Alleghany county." As he

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 53
closed some one proposed three cheers for "The Union as
it is," which were given with a wUl.
It was announced that Mr. Lincoln would speak in the
morning at eight o'clock, and then be escorted by the
military through both cities, and would then leave at eleven
o'clock for Cleveland. Had it not been for the pelting
storm, the display would have been fine.
On the morning of the 15th Mr. Lincoln made the fol-
lovring address to the people of Pittsburg :
" In every short address I have made to the people, and
in every crowd through which I have passed of late, some
allusion has been made to the present distracted condition
of the country. It is naturaUy expected that I should say
something on this subject, but to touch upon it at all
would involve an elaborate discussion of a great many
questions and cfrcumstances, would require more time
than I can at present command, and would perhaps un-
necessarUy commit me upon matters which have not yet
fuUy developed themselves.
" The condition of the country, fellow-citizens, is an
extraordinary one, and fiUs the mind of every patriot with
anxiety and solicitude. My intention is to give this sub
ject all the consideration which I possibly can before I
speak fuUy and definitely in regard to it, so that, when I
do speak, I may be as nearly right as possible. And when
I do speak, fellow-citizens, I hope to say nothing in op
position to the spfrit of the Constitution, contrary to the
integrity of the Union, or which will in any way prove
inimical to the liberties of the people or to the peace of
the whole country. And, furthermore, when the time ar
rives for me to speak on this great subject, I hope to say
nothing which wiU disappoint the reasonable expectations
of any man, or disappoint the people generally throughout

54 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
the country, especially if thefr expectations have been
based upon anything which I may have heretofore said.
"Notwithstanding the troubles across the river, [the
speaker, smiling, pointed southwardly to the Monongahela
river,] there is reaUy no crisis springing from anything in
the Government itself. In plain words, there is reaUy no
crisis except an artificial one. What is there now to war
rant the condition of affafrs presented by our friends ' over
the river 1' Take even thefr own view of the questions
involved, and there is nothing to justify the course which
they are pursuing. I repeat it, then, there is no crisis,
except such a one as may be gotten up at any time by
turbulent men, aided by designing politicians. My ad
vice, then, under such circumstances, is to keep cool. If
the great American people wUl only keep their temper on
both sides of the line, the trouble wUl come to an end, and
the question which now distracts the country will be set
tled just as surely as aU other difficulties of like character
which have originated in this Government have been
adjusted. Let the people on both sides keep thefr self-
possession, and just as other clouds have cleared away in
due time, so wUl this, and this great nation shall continue
to prosper as heretofore."
He then referred to the subject of the tariff, and said :
" According to my poUtical education, I am inclined to
believe that the people in the various portions of the
country should have thefr own views carried out through
their representatives in Congress; that consideration of
the tariff bill should not be postponed untU the next ses
sion of the National Legislature. No subject should en
gage your representatives more closely than that of the
tariff'. If I have any recommendation to make, it wiU be
that every man who is caUed upon to serve the people, in

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 55
a representative capacity, should study the whole subject
thoroughly, as I intend to do myself, looking to all the
varied interests of the common country, so that, when the
time for action arrives, adequate protection shaU be ex
tended to the coal and iron of Pennsylvania andthe corn
of Illinois. Permit me to express the hope that this im
portant subject may receive such consideration at the
hands of your representatives that the interests of no part
of the country may be overlooked, but that all sections
may share in the common benefits of a just and equitable
tariff." FROM PITTSBURG TO CLEVELAND.
Mr. Lincoln and party left Pittsburg in a smart shower,
amid enthusiastic plaudits. At Bayard a large crowd
had assembled, notwithstanding the mud and rain. Mr.
Lincoln bowed in response. At Alliance an elegant din
ner was given by Mr. McCullough, President of the road.
Salutes were fired, smashing windows, including the one
at which Mrs. Lincoln sat during dinner. An elegant
company of Zouaves stood guard, the band playing na
tional afrs. The train also stopped at Eavenna and Hud
son for a few minutes, which places were alive with people.
RECEPTION AT CLEVELAND.
On the fifth of February, resolutions were adopted by
the council of the city of Cleveland, inviting Mr. Lincoln
to accept its hospitalities ; and a committee of arrange
ments was appointed, which consisted of the Mayor, G.
B Senter ; the President of CouncU, I. U. Masters, and
the following named members of the Council : C. L.
EusseU, W. H. Haywood, and O. M. Oviatt. A citizens'
committee, to co-operate with that of the Council, was
subsequently appointed, S. J. Andrews being the chair
man, and Merrill Barlow secretary. Under the direction

56 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
of these committees, admfrable preparations were made
for the reception.
From various public buildings were suspended national
flags. The WeddeU, Johnson, and other public houses,
showed thefr colors. The City Hall building was deco
rated with a number of flags, and on a rope between
Hoffman's Block and the U. S. Post Office buUdings were
several. From the Herald building to the WeddeU House
a rope was extended and supported seven flags.
The railroads from the south and west brought large
numbers of visitors to the city. The exceedingly bad
condition of the roads prevented the arrival of so large a
number from the country, in wagons, as would otherwise
have been present. There was, however, a good attend
ance of strangers. The buUdings, affording a view of
the route of the procession, were crowded by spectators,
and immense numbers thronged the streets.
Everything being in readiness, the escort proceeded to
the Euclid Street Station of the C. & P. E. E., to await
the arrival of the President's train. The foUowing was
the order of the procession flxed upon by the Marshal :
Cleveland Eegiment Light ArtiUery, Colonel James
Barnett, consisting of the following companies : Com
pany A, Capt. Simmons; Company B, Capt. Mack; Com
pany D, Capt. Eice ; Company E, Capt. Hechman.
Cleveland Light Dragoons, Capt. Holtnorth.
Cleveland Greys, Capt. Paddock.
City Council, in carriages.
The President elect in an open barouche.
The President's suite in carriages.
Citizens' Committee in carriages.
Firemen— Phoenix No. 4 and Firemen's Board.
Citizens in carriages, manufacturing establishments,
and various representations of the business interests of
the city.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 57
In the latter division of the procession was a fuU rigged
ship, decorated with national flags, and manned by stal
wart tars, the representatives of the lake shipping in
terest. This was arranged by the Council committee.
Two large omnibusses were filled with workmen from
the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Works, and joined in the
escort. The members of Phcenix Ffre Company No. 4, accom
panied by representatives of the Firemen's General Board,
were also in the line as representatives of the Fire De
partment, thefr machine being decorated with national
colors. In the procession of citizens were men of all shades of
political feeling, uniting cordially in this spontaneous
manifestation of respect for the President elect and the
high office to which he had been called. The line was
very long, and contained every ordinary manner of con
veyance. The crowd at the station was immense, and it was with
difficulty that the police of Marshal Craw could restrain
the surging populace. The Greys occupied the east plat
form, and the artUlery, firemen, carriages, etc., were ar
ranged on the west side. At 4 o'clock the approach of
the train was announced by the guns of the artUlery, in
accordance with telegraphic advices. Mr. Lincoln was
quickly passed to a carriage drawn by four white horses,
driven by Mr. H. Nottingham. The crowd cheered and
shouted in the wUdest enthusiasm, and the procession
started. In spite of the inclement weather, EucUd street
from end to end was crowded. The people along the line
were wUd, and rushed recklessly to and fro in endeavors
to obtain a glimpse of the President. The reception was
at the WeddeU House. The balcony was hung with
4

58 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
colored lanterns. It was half past five o'clock when Mr.
LincoUl was brought out to face the dense crowd that
flUed the street. Mr. I. U. Masters, President of the
CouncU, welcomed the President elect :
" Honored Sir : — The pleasant duty devolves upon me
to extend to you, in behalf of the citizens of Cleveland,
through their municipal representatives, a cordial wel
come to this city and community. In extending this
welcome, I am but speaking the voice of our men of
business; our mechanics, whose representatives are
around me ; of farmers, who have largely gathered here ;
of men of all trades, avocations, professions and parties,
who merge all distinction in that name common to them
all, of highest distinction to them all, and best beloved
by them aU — American citizens. They bid me welcome
you as the official representative of thefr country, chosen
in accordance with the Constitution which they venerate
with love. They bid me express to you thefr uncondi
tional loyalty to the Constitution and country, which
thefr fathers transmitted to them, and which they fer
vently hope may, by the blessing of God, be transmitted
unimpafred to their chUdren and thefr children's children.
Again I bid you a hearty welcome."
Hon. Sherlock J. Andrews then, on behalf of the
Citizens' Committee, spoke as follows :
" Mr. Lincoln— &> ; I have the honor, on behalf of
the citizens of Cleveland, to repeat the welcome you have
afready received through the official organ of the city,
and to express the great satisfaction that we all derive
from this personal interview. We come to-day, sfr, for
getful of party distinctions, and as citizens of a common
country, to tender you the homage of our sincere respect,
both for your personal character and for tbe high station

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 59
to which you have been caUed by the popular wiU ; and,
though unexampled difficulties and embarrassments stand
upon the threshold of your administration, we stUl cher
ish the hope that, by the blessing of Divine Providence,
you may be enabled so to execute the great trust confided
to you as to aUay excitement, correct misapprehension,
restore harmony, and reinstate this glorious Union of
ours in the affections and confidence of the whole people.
It is trae, indeed, that m the late peaceful contest for the
Chief Magistracy, we have acted under various political
organizations, and have differed as to men and measures.
Tet, sir, in every enlightened effort to support the pre
rogatives and honor of the General Govemment, in
every determination to uphold the supremacy of law,
in every measure wisely designed to maintain unimpaired
the constitutional rights of all the States or of any of the
States, and every concession consistent with truth and
justice, that looks to the promotion of peace and con
cord, there is not a man in the vast miUtitude here as
sembled to do you honor, who wUl not give you his
cordial and earnest support. Such, I am persuaded, sfr,
are the views of those I represent, and to whom, for any
further expression of thefr sentiments, I shall now refer
you. " PeUow citizens, I have the honor of introducing to
you the Hon. Abraham Lincoln, the President elect of
the United States."
In response, Mr. Lincoln said :
" Mr. Chairman and Fellow Citizens of Cleve
land AND Ohio : — We have had a very inclement after
noon. We have been marching in procession for about
two mUes through snow, rain and deep mud. The large
numbers that have turned out under these circumstances

60 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
testify that you are in earnest about something or other.
But do I think so meanly of you as to suppose that ear
nestness is about me personaUy 1 I should be doing you
injustice to suppose you 'did. [A voice, " We aU love
you."] Tou have assembled to testify your respect to
the Union, the Constitution and the Laws. And here let
me say that it is with you, the peoplCj to advocate the
great' cause of the Union and the Constitution, and not
with any one man. I repeat, it rests with you alone.
This fact is strongly impressed on my mind at present.
In a community like this, whose appearance — as I may
say whose very clothes — ^whose weU buUt houses, whose
numerous schools, and aU other evidences before me,
testify to their intelUgence, I am convinced that the cause
of Liberty and the Union can never be in dahger.
" Frequent allusion is made to the excitement at pres
ent existing in our national poUtics. It is weU that I
should also aUude to it here. I think there is no occa
sion for any excitement. The crisis, as it is called, is
altogether an artificial crisis. In aU parts of the nation
there are differences of opinion on poUtics. There are
differences of opinion even here. Tou did not aU vote
for the person who now addresses you. A large number
of you did — enough for all practical purposes — but not
all of you. Farther away there were fewer who voted
for me, and thefr numbers decreased as they got farther
away. What is happening now will not hurt those who
are farther away from here. Have they not all the rights
now that they ever had 1 Do they not have their fugi
tive slaves returned as ever 1 Have they not the same
Constitution that they have Uved under for the last sev
enty odd years 1 Have they not a position as citizens of
this common country, and have we any power to change
that position "? What, then, is the matter with them 1

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. KI
Why all this excitement? Why all these complaints'?
As I said before, this crisis is all artificial. It has no
foundation in facts. It was not argued up, as the saying
is, and cannot therefore be argued down. Let it alone,
and it wiU go down of itself.
"Mr. Lincoln said they must be content. with,but a few
words from him. He was very much fatigued, and had
spoken so frequently that he was already hoarse. , He
thanked them for the cordial, the magnificent reception
they had given him. Not less did he thank them for the
votes they gave hfrn last faU. And quite as much he
thanked them for the efficient aid they had given the
cause which he represented — a cause which, he would
say, was a good one. He had one word more to say.
He was given to understand that this reception was
tendered not onfy by his own party supporters, but by
men of aU parties. This is as it should be. If Judge
Douglas had been elected, and had been here on his way
to Washington, as I am to-night, the EepubUcans should
have joined his supporters in welcoming him, just as his
friends have joined with mine to-night. If aU don't join
now to save the good old ship of the Union this voyage,
nobody wiU have a chance to pUot her on another voyage."
He concluded by thanking aU present for the devotion
they had shown to the cause of the Union. A number
of boquets and wreaths were given to Mr. Lincoln at the
close of his speech.
In the evening there was a ^general reception at the
Weddeir House, which was crowded to excess. Mr. Lin
coln stood at the head of the stafrs, and gTceted the visit
ors as they passed by him. This ceremony soon became
too fatiguing, however, and Mr. Lincoln was removed to
a parlor in the front of the house where he joined Mrs.
Lincoln, and where for an hour or more they received their

62 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
friends. Hon. John Crowell, who was in Congress with
Mr. Lincoln, and Col. Mygatt, aid to Gov. Dennison,
introduced the visitors. Many ladies patiently endured
the crushing pressure of the dense crowd. After the
general reception a number of soldiers of the war of 1812
waited upon Mr. Lincoln, and were cordiaUy received.
Col. Sturgis' staff and the officers of the Cleveland Wide
Awake regiment were afterward presented. The Cleve
land Greys, who were on duty in the house during the
evening, were introduced, and also the officers of the
Light ArtUlery regiment. The President elect was now
very much fatigued, and retired to his room for the
night. Large numbers of people were early astfr the following
morning, to obtain a parting gUmpse of the President
and party. This was aU that could be afforded, the early
departure of the train precluding anything Uke a demon
stration. The escort from the hotel to the station con
sisted of Col. James Barnett and staff and the Cleveland
Greys. The President was conducted to his carriage
amid the cheers of the people, and the procession com
menced its march. The route was down Superior street.
Union lane and Eiver street to the depot. Here the Greys
were drawn up on the platform to keep a space clear for
the Presidential party. Mr. Lincoln occupied the rear
car, upon which, was a national flag. The engine selected
for the special train was the "WiUiam Case." It was
decorated with flags, and superintendent Nottingham
took charge of the train as conductor. The reception
committee from Erie and Buffalo were on the train, and
occupied one of the three cars. Various representatives
of the press and invited guests fiUed the third car.
As the train moved out of the depot, Mr. Lincoln came
upon the platform of the rear car bowing his acknowledg-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 63
ments to the people, as cheer after cheer went up from
the enthusiastic multitude. Several men clung to the
end of the car where Mr. Lincoln stood, following it as
long as the increasing speed of the train would permit,
and stretching up thefr hands to the President elect. Mr.
Lincoln reached out his hand to take that of one of these
foUowers on foot, when it was seized by three or four and
shaken with at least hearty good will. After that the
crowd was forced to be content with fareweU bows.
In concluding an account of the reception at Cleveland,
the editor of the Herald said —
"Among the escorting party from Columbus were Cols.
Geo. S. Mygatt and Geo. F. O'Hara, aids to Gov. Den
nison, the Governor having deputed these gentlemen to
accompany Mr. Lincoln, charging them with the duty of
attending him through Ohio. This action of the Governor
was an appropriate hospitality to the distingniished visitor,
and his aids handsomely executed their duty."
BUFFALO.
On Saturday Mr. Lincoln was escorted to Buffalo. At
various places along the line of the raifroad, both in Ohio
and in New Tork, enthusiastic welcomes were given him,
but no addresses were made, nor did any incidents trans
pire which are entitled to special report. The train
arrived at Buffalo late in the aftemoon, and was met by
an immense concourse of citizens, headed by ex-President
Fillmore. Arriving at the hotel, Mr. Lincoln was welcomed in a
brief speech by the acting chief magistrate, to which he
made reply as foUows :
"Mr. Mayor and Fellow-Citizens : — I am here to
thank you briefly for this grand reception given to me,
not personally, but as the representative of our great and

64 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
beloved country. Tour worthy mayor has been pleased
to mention in his address to me, the fortunate and agree
able journey which I have had from home — only it is
rather a cfrcuitous route to the Federal Capital. I am
very happy that he was enabled, in truth, to congratu
late myself and company on that fact. It is true, we
have had nothing thus far to mar the pleasure of the trip.
We have not been met alone by those who assisted in.
giving the election to me ; I say not alone, but by the
whole population of the country through which we have
passed. This is as it should be. Had the election fallen
to any other of the distinguished candidates instead of
myself, under the peculiar circumstances, to say the least,
it would have been proper for all citizens to have greeted
him as you now greet me. It is an evidence of the devo
tion of the whole people to the Constitution, the Union,
and the perpetuity of the liberties of this country. I am
unwiUing, on any occasion, that I should be so meanly
thought of as to have it supposed for a moment that
these demonstrations are tendered to me personaUy.
They are tendered to the country, to the institutions of
the country, and to the perpetuity of the liberties of the
country for which these institutions were made and
created. Tour worthy mayor has thought fit to express
the hope that I may be able to relieve the country from
the present, or I should say, the threatened difficulties.
I am sure I bring a heart true to the work. For the
ability to perform it, I trust in that Supreme Being who
has never forsaken this favored land, through the instru
mentality of this great and intelligent people. Without
that assistance I should surely faU ; with it I cannot faU.
When we speak of the threatened difficulties to the coun
try, it is natural that it should be expected that some
thing should be said by myself with regard to particular

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. G5
measures. Upon more mature reflection, however — and
others will agree with me — that when it is considered
that these difficulties are without precedent, and never
have been acted upon by any individual situated as I am,
it is most proper I should wait and see the developments,
and get all the light possible, so that when I do speak
authoritatively, I may be as near right as possible. When
I shall speak authoritatively, I hope to say nothing incon
sistent with the Constitution, the Union, the rights of all
the States, of each State, and of each section of the coun
try, and not to disappoint the reasonable expectations of
those who have confided to me their votes. In this con
nection allow me to say that you, as a portion of the great
American people, need only to maintain your composure,
stand up to your sober convictions of right, to your obli
gations to the Constitution, and act in accordance with
those sober convictions, and the clouds which now arise
in the horizon will be dispelled, and we shall have a bright
and glorious future ; and when this generation shall have
passed away, tens of thousands shall inhabit this country
where only thousands inhabit it now. I do not propose
to address you at leng-th. I have no voice for it. Allow
me again to thank you for this magnificent reception, and
bid you fareweU." ALBANY.
Mr. Lincoln proceeded from Buffalo to Albany, various
demonstrations of welcome being given him on the way.
At Albany he was met by the Mayor, the City Councils,
and Legislative Committees, and was conducted to the
Capitol, where he was welcomed by Governor Morgan,
and responded as foUows :
"Governor Morgan: — lwas pleased to receive an
invitation to visit the capital of the great Empfre State

60 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
of this nation, while on my way to the Federal capital.
I now thank you, and through you, the people of the capi
tal of the State of New Tork, for this most hearty and mag
nificent welcome. If I am not at fault, the great Empfre
State at this time contains a lal"ger population than did the
whole of the United States of America at the time they
achieved thefr national independence ; and I was proud
to be invited to visit its capital, to meet its citizens as I
now have the honor to do. I am notified by your gov
ernor that this reception is tendered by citizens without
distinction of party. Because of this, I accept it the
more gladly. In this country, and in any country where
freedom of thought is tolerated, citizens attach them
selves to poUtical parties. It is but an ordinary degree
of charity to attribute this act to the supposition that, in
thus attaching themselves to the various parties, each
man, in his own judgment, supposes he thereby best ad
vances the interests of the whole country. And when an
election is passed, it is altogether befitting a free people
that, until the next election, they should be one people.
The reception you have extended to me to-day is not
given to me personally. It should not be so, but as the
representative, for the time being, of the majority of the
nation. If the election had faUen to any of the more
distinguished citizens, who received the support of the
people, this same honor should have greeted him that
greets me this day, in testimony of the unanimous devo
tion of the whole people to the Constitution, the Union,
and to the perpetual liberties of succeeding generations
in this country. I have neither the voice nor the strength
to address you at any greater length. I beg you wiU,
therefore, accept my most grateful thanks for this mani
fest devotion— not to me but to the institutions of this
great and glorious country."

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. G7
The President elect was then conducted to the Legisla
tive haUs, where, in reply to an address of welcome, he
again adverted to the troubles of the country in the fol
lowing terms :
"Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Legis
lature OF THE State of New Tork: — It is with
feelings of great diffidence, and, I may say, feelings even
of awe, perhaps greater than I have recently experienced,
that I meet you here in this place. The history of this
great State, the renown of its great men, who have stood
in this chamber, and have spoken their thoughts, aU
crowd around my fancy, and incUne me to shrink from
an attempt to address you. Tet I have some confidence
given me by the generous maimer in which you have in
vited rae, and the stUl more generous manner in which
you have received me. Tou have invited me and received
me without distinction of party. I could not for a mo
ment suppose that this has been done in any considerable
degree with any reference to my personal self. It is very
much more grateful to me that this reception and the in
vitation preceding it were given to me as the representa
tive of a free people than it could possibly have been
were they but the evidence of devotion to me or to any
one man. It is trae that, while I hold myself, without
mock-modesty, the humblest of all the individuals who
have ever been elected President of the United States, I
yet have a more difficult task to perlorm than any one of
them has ever encountered. Tou have here generously
tendered me the support, the united support, of the great
Empfre State. For this, in behalf of the nation— in be
half of the present and of the future of the nation— in
behalf of the cause of civU liberty in aU time to come—
I most gratefuUy thank you. I do not propose now to

68 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
enter upon any expressions as to the particular line of
policy to be adopted with reference to the difficulties that
stand before us in the opening of the incoming Adrainis
tration. I deem that it is just to the country, to myself,
to you, that I shoiUd see everything, hear everything,
and have every light that can possibly be brought within
my reach to aid me before I shall speak officiaUy, in order
that, when I do speak, I may have the best possible
means of taking correct and true grounds. For this
reason, I do not now announce anything in the way ot
policy for the new Administration. When the time
comes, according to the custom of the government, I
shall speak, and speak as well as I am able for the good
of the present and of the future of this country — ^for the
good of the North and of the South — for the good of one
and of the other, and of all sections of it. In the mean
time, if we have patience, if we maintain our equanimity,
though some may allow themselves to ran off in a burst
of passion, I still have confidence that the Almighty
Euler of the Universe, through the instrumentality of
this great and intelligent people, can and wUl bring us
through this difficulty, as he has heretofore brought us
through all preceding difficulties of the country. Eely-
ing upon this, and again thanking you, as I forever shall,
in my heart, for this generous reception you have given
me, I bid you farewell." ALBANY TO NEW YORK.
At Albany, Mr. Lincoln was met by a delegation from
the city authorities of New Tork, and on the 19th started
for that city. At Poughkeepsie, he was welcomed by
the Mayor of the city. Mr. Lincoln, in reply, said :
"I am grateful for this cordial welcome, and I am

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 69
gratified that this immense multitude has come together,
not to meet the individual man, but the man who, for the
time being, wUl humbly but earnestly represent the
majesty of the nation. These receptions have been given
nie at other places, and, as here, by men of different par
ties, and not by one party alone. It shows an earnest
effort on the part of all to save, not the country, for the
country can save itself, but to save the institutions of the
country — those institutions under which, for at least
three-quarters of a century, we have become the greatest,
the most inteUigent, and the happiest people in the world.
These manifestations show that we aU make common
cause for these objects ; that if some of us are successful
in an election, and others are beaten, those who are
beaten are not in favor of sinking the ship in consequence
of defeat, but are earnest in thefr purpose to saU it safely
through the voyage in hand, and, in so far as they may
think there has been any mistake in the election, satisfy
ing themselves to take their chance at setting the matter
right the next time. That course is entfrely right. I am
not sure — I do not pretend to be sure — ^that in the selec
tion of the individual who has been elected this term,
the wisest choice has been made. I fear it has not. In
the purposes and in the principles that have been sus
tained, I have been the instrument selected to carry for
ward the affafrs of this Government. I can rely upon
you, and upon the people of the country ; and with thefr
sustaining hand, I think that even I shaU not faU in car
rying the Ship of State through the storm."
NEW YORK CITY.
The reception of Mr. Lincoln in New Tork city was a
most imposing demonstration. Places of business were
generally closed, and hundreds of thousands were in the

70 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
streets. On the next day he was welcomed to the city
by Mayor F. Wood, and repUed as foUows :
"Mr. Mayor:— It is vdth feeUngs of deep gratitude
that I make my acknowledgments for the reception given
me in the great commercial city of New Tork. I cannot
but remember that this is done by a people who do not,
by a majority, agree with me in poUtical sentiment. It
is the more grateful, because in this I see that, for the
great principles of our Government, the people are almost
imanlmous. In regard to the difficulties that confront us
at this time, and of which your Honor has thought fit to
speak so becomingly and so justly, as I suppose, I can
only say that I agree in the sentiments expressed. In
my devotion to the Union, I hope I am behind no man in
the nation. In the wisdom with which to conduct the
affafrs tending to the preservation of the Union, I fear
that too great confidence may have been reposed in me ;
but I am sure that I bring a heart devoted to the work.
There is nothing that could ever bring me to wiUingly
consent to the destruction of this Union, under which
not only the great commercial city of New Tork, but the
whole country, acqufred its greatness, except it be the
purpose for which the Union itself was formed. I under
stand the ship to be made for the carrying and the pres
ervation of the cargo, and so long as the ship can be
saved with the cargo, it should never be abandoned, un
less there appears no possibUity of its preservation, and
it must cease to exist, except at the risk of throwing
overboard both freight and passengers. So long, then,
as it is possible that the prosperity and the liberties of
the people be preserved in this Union, it shaU be ray pur
pose at all times to use all ray powers to aid in its per
petuation. Again thanking you for the reception given
me, aUow me to come to a close."

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 71'
TRENTON.
On the following day, Mr. Lincoln left for Philadelphia.
At Trenton he remained a few hours, and visited both
Houses of the New Jersey Legislature. On being receive
ed in the Senate, he thus addressed that body :
" Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the Senate
OF THE State of New Jersey : — I am very grateful to
you for the honorable reception of which I have been the
object. T cannot but remember the place that New Jer
sey holds in our early history. In the early Eevolution
ary struggle, few of the States among the old Thirteen
had more of the battle-fields of the country within its
limits than old New Jersey. May I be pardoned, if, upon
this occasion, I mention, that away back in my childhood,
the earliest days of my being able to read, I got hold of
a smaU book, such a one as few of the younger members
have ever seen, ' Weeras' Life of Washington.' I remem
ber aU the accounts there given of the battle-fields and
struggles for the Uberties of the country, and none fijxed
themselves upon my imagination so deeply as the strug
gle here at Trenton, New Jersey. The crossing of the
river — ^the contest with the Hessians — ^the great hard
ships endured at that time — all fixed themselves on ray
memory more than any single revolutionary event ; and
you aU know, for you have all been boys, how these early
impressions last longer than any others. I recollect
thinking then, boy even though I was, that there must
have been something more than common that those men
struggled for. I am exceedingly anxious that that thing
which they struggled for — that something even more
than National Independence — that something that held
out a great promise to aU the people of the world to all
time to come — I am exceedingly anxious that this Union,

72 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
the Constitution, and the liberties of the people, shaU be
perpetuated in accordance with the original idea for
which that struggle was made, and I shaU be most happy
indeed if I shall be an humble instrument in the hands
of the Almighty, and of this. His almost chosen people,
for perpetuating the object of that great struggle. Tou
give me this reception, as I understand, without distinc
tion of party. I learn that this body is composed of a
majority of gentlemen who, in the exercise of their best
judgment in the choice of a Chief Magistrate, did not
think I was the raan. I understand, nevertheless, that
they come forward here to greet me as the constitutional
President of the United States — as citizens of the United
States, to meet the man who, for the time being, is the
representative man of the nation, united by a purpose to
perpetuate the Union and liberties of the people. As
such, I accept this reception more gratefuUy than I could
do did I beUeve it was tendered to me as an individual."
Mr. Lincoln then passed into the Chamber of the As
sembly, and upon being introduced by the Speaker,
addressed that body as follows :
" Mr. Speaker and Gentlemen: — ^I have just enjoy
ed the honor of a reception by the other branch of this
Legislature, and I return to you and them ray thanks for
the reception which the people of New Jersey have given,
through thefr chosen representatives, to me, as the repre
sentative for the time being, of the majesty of the people
of the United States. I appropriate to myself very Uttle
of the demonstrations of respect with which I have been
greeted. I think Uttle should be given to any man, but
that it should be a manifestation of adherence to the
Union and the Constitution. I understand rayself to be
received here by the representatives of the people of New
Jersey, a majority of whom differ m opmion from those

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 73
with whom I have acted. This manifestation is therefore
to be regarded by me as expressing their devotion to the
Union, the Constitution, and the liberties of the people.
Tou, Mr. Speaker, have well said, that this is a time when
the bravest and wisest look with doubt and awe upon the
aspect presented by our national affairs. Under these
circumstances, you will readily see why I should not
speak in detail of the course I shall deem it best to pur
sue. It is proper that I should avail myself of all the
information and all the time at my command, in order
that when the time arrives in which I must speak offi
cially, I shaU be able to take the ground which I deem
the best and safest, and from which I may have no occa
sion to swerve. I shall endeavor to take the ground I
deem most just to the North, the East, the West, the
South, and the whole country. I take it, I hope, in good
temper — certainly with no malice towards any section. I
shaU do all that may be in my power to promote a peace
ful settlement of all our difficulties. The raan does not
live who is more devoted to peace than I am — none who
would do more to preserve it. But it may be necessary
to put the foot down firmly. And if I do ray duty, and
do right, you will sustain rae, will you not '? Eeceived,
as I am, by the members of a Legislature, the majority of
whom do not agree with rae in political sentiraents, I trust
that I may have their assistance in pUoting the Ship of
State through this voyage, surounded by perUs as it is ;
for if it should suffer shipwreck now, there will be no
pilot ever needed for another voyage."
PHILADELPHIA.
On arriving in PhUadelphia, Mr. Lincoln was received
with great enthusiasm, aad the Mayor greeted him with
a cordial welcome, to which Mr. Lincoln replied :
4*

74 lincoln memorial.
" Mr. Mayor and Fellow-citizens of Philadel
phia : — I appear before you to make no lengthy speech
but to thank you for this reception. The reception you
have given me to-night is not to rae, the man, the in
dividual, but to the man who temporarily represents, or
should represent, the majesty of the nation. It is true, as
your worthy Mayor has said, that there is anxiety among
the citizens of the United States at this time. I deem it
a happy circumstance that the dissatisfied portion of our
fellow-citizens do not point us to any thing in which they
are being injured, or are about to be injured ; for which
reason I have felt all the while justified in concluding
that the crisis, the panic, the anxiety of the country at
this time, is artificial. If there be those who differ with
me upon this subject, they have not pointed out the sub
stantial difficulty that exists. I do not mean to say that
an artificial panic may not do considerable harm ; that it
has dono such I do not deny. The hope that has been
expressed by your Mayor, that I may be able to restore
peace, harmony, and prosperity to the country, is most
worthy of him ; and happy indeed will I be if I shaU be
able to verify and fulfill that hope. I promise you, in all
sincerity, that I bring to the work a sincere heart.
Whether I wiU bring a head equal to that heart, wiU be
for future times to determine. It were useless for me to
speak of detaUs of plans now ; I shall speak officially next
Monday week, if ever. If I should not speak then, it
were useless for me to do so now. If I do speak then, it
is useles for me to do so now. When I do speak, I shaU
take such ground as I deem best calculated to restore
peace, harmony, and prosperity to the country,, and tend
to the perpetuity of the nation, and the Uberty of these
States and these people. Tour worthy Mayor has ex
pressed the wish, in which I join with him, that it were

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 75
convenient for me to reraain with your city long enough
to consult your merchants and manufacturers ; or, as it
were, to Usten to those breathings rising within the con
secrated waUs wherein the Constitution of the United
States, and, I wiU add, the Declaration of Independence,
were originaUy framed and adopted. I assure you and
your Mayor, that Thad hoped on this occasion, and upon
all occasions during ray life, that I shaU do nothing in
consistent with the teachings of these holy and most
sacred waUs. I never asked any thing that does not
breathe from those walls. All my political warfare has
been in favor of the teachings that come forth frora these
sacred waUs. May ray right hand forget its cunning, and
my tongue cleave to the roof of ray mouth, if ever I prove
false to those teachings. FeUow-citizens, now allow rae
to bid you good-night."
On the next morning, Mr. Lincoln visited the old " In
dependence HaU," for the purpose of raising the national
flag over it. There he was received with a warm welcome,
and made the following address :
" I ara filled with deep emotion at finding myself stand
ing here, in this place, where were coUected the wisdom,
the patriotism, the devotion to principle, frora which
sprang the institutions under which we Uve. Tou have
kindly suggested to me that in my hands is the task of
restoring peace to the present distracted condition of the
country. I can say in return, sfr, that all the political
sentiments I entertain have been drawn, so far as I have
been able to draw them, frora the sentiments which origi
nated and were given to the world from this haU. I have
never had a feeling, politically, that did not spring frora
the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independ
ence. I have often pondered over the dangers which

76 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
were incurred by the men who assembled here, and
framed and adopted that Declaration of Independence.
I have pondered over the toils that were endured by the
officers and soldiers of the army who achieved that inde
pendence. I have often inqufred of myself what great
principle or idea it was that kept this Confederacy so
long together. It was not the mere raattef of the sepa
ration of the colonies from the mothet-land, but that sen^
timent in the Declaration of Independence which gave
Uberty, not alone to the people of this country, but, I
hope, to the world for all future time. It was that which
gave promise that in due time the weight would be lifted
from the shoulders of aU men. This is a sentiment em
bodied in the Declaration of Independence. Now, my
friends, can this country be saved upon this basis '? If it
can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the
world if I can help to save it. If it cannot be saved upon
that principle, it will be truly awful. But if this country
cannot be saved without giving up that principle, I was
about to say I would rather be assassinated on this spot
than surrender it. Now, in ray view of the present aspect
of affafrs, there need be no bloodshed or war. There is
no necessity for it. I ara not in favor of such a course;
and I may say, in advance, that there wiU be no blood
shed unless it be forced upon the Government, and then
it wUl be compelled to act in self-defense.
" My friends, this is wholly an unexpected speech, and
I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I
came here. I supposed it was raerely to do something
towards raising the fiag. I may, therefore, have said
something indiscreet. I have said nothing but what I
am willmg to live by, and, if it be the pleasure of
Almighty God, to die by."

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 77
The President elect and suite and the several reception
committees then proceeded to a platform erected in front
of the State House, and Mr. Benton of the Select Coun
cU, invited Mr. Lincoln to raise the flag. He responded
in a brief speech, stating his cheerful compliance with
the request, and aUuded to the original flag of thfrteen
stars, saying that the number had increased as time roUed
on, and we became a happy and a powerful people, each
star adding to its prosperity. " The future," he added,
is in the hands of the people. It is on such an occasion
as this that we can reason together, reaffirm our devotion
to the country and the principles of the Declaration of
Independence. Let us make up our mind, that when we
do put a new star upon our banner, it shaU be a fixed
one, never to be dimmed by the horrors of war, but
brightened by the contentraent and prosperity of peace.
Let us go on to extend the area of our usefulness, add
star upon star, untU thefr Ught shall shine upon five
himdred mUlions of a free and happy people."
The President elect then raised the fiag to the top of
the staff. HARRISBURG.
At half past nine o'clock, on the 22d of February, Mr.
Lincoln left PhUadelphia for Harrisburg. Both Houses
of the Legislature were visited by Mr. Lincoln, and to
an address of welcome, the President elect thus replied :
" I appear before you only for a very tew brief remarks,
in response to what has been said to me. I thank you
most sincerely for this reception, and the generous words
in which support has been promised me upon this occasion.
I thank your great commonwealth for the overwhelming
support it recently gave, not to me personaUy, but the
cause, which I think a just one, in the late election. Al-

78 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
lusion has been made to the fact — ^the interesting fact,
perhaps we should say — that I, for the first time, appear
at the Capital of the great Commonwealth of Pennsyl
vania upon the bfrthday of the Father of his Country, in
connection with that beloved anniversary connected with
the history of this country. I have already gone through
one exceedingly interesting scene this raorning in the
ceremonies at PhUadelphia. Under the high conduct ot
gentlemen there, I was, for the first time, aUowed the
privUege of standing in Old Independence Hall, to have
a few words addressed to me there, and opening up an
opportunity of expressing, with much regret, that I had
not more time to express something of^ny own feeUngs,
excited by the occasion, somewhat to harmonize and give
shape to the feelings that had been reaUy the feelings of
my whole life. Besides this, our friends there had pro
vided a magnificent fiag of the country. They had ar
ranged it so that I was given the honor of raising it to
the head of its staff. And when it went up I was pleased
that it went to its place by the strength of my own feeble
arm ; when, according to the arrangeraent, the cord was
pulled, and it flaunted gloriously to the wind without an
accident, in the bright glowing sunshine of the raorning,
I could not help hoping that there was in the entire suc
cess of that beautiful ceremony at least something of an
omen of what is to corae. Nor could I help feeUng then,
as I often have felt, in the whole of that proceeding, I
was a very humble instrament. I had not provided the
flag ; I had not made the arrangements for elevating it
to its place. I had appUed but a very smaU portion of
my feeble strength in raising it. In the whole transac
tion I was in the hands of the people who had arranged
it, and if I can have the same generous co-operation of
the people of the nation, I thmk the flag of our country

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 79
may yet be kept flaunting gloriously. I recui* for a mo
ment but to repeat some words uttered at the hotel in
regard to what has been said about the mUitary support
which the General Governraent may expect from the
coramonwealth of Pennsylvania in a proper emergency.
To guard against any possible mistake do I recur to this.
It is not with any pleasure that I contemplate the possi
bUity that a necessity may arise in this country for the
use of the raUitary arra. While I am exceedingly grati
fied to see the manifestation upon your streets of your
mUitary force here, and exceedingly gratified at your
promise here to use that force upon a proper emergency —
whUe I make these acknowledgments, I desire to repeat,
in order to preclude any possible misconstruction, that I
do most sincerely hope that we shall have no use for
them ; that it wiU never become thefr duty to shed blood,
and raost especiaUy never to shed fraternal blood. I
promise that, so far as I raay have wisdora to direct, if
so painful a result shaU in any wise be brought about, it
shall be through no fault of mine. Allusion has also
been made by one of your honored speakers to some re
mark recently made by rayself at Pittsburg, in regard to
what is supposed to be the especial interests of this great
commonwealth of Pennsylvania. I now wish only to
say, in regard to that matter, that the few remarks which
I uttered on that occasion were rather carefully worded.
I took pains that they should be so. I have seen no oc
casion since to add to them or substract from them. I
leave them precisely as they stand, adding only now, that
I am pleased to have an expression from you, gentlemen
of Pennsylvania, significant that they are satisfactory to
you. And now, gentlemen of the General Assembly of
the Comraonwealth of Pennsylvania, allow me to return
you again my most sincere thanks."

ISO LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
FROM HARRISBURG TO WASHINGTON.
At Harrisburg information, from friends at Washing
ton, was communicated to Mr. Lincoln that a plot to as
sassinate him had been discovered at Baltimore, and
therefore that it would not be wise to foUow out the pro
gramme which had been announced for his journey on
the 23d, by way of the Northern Central EaUway to that
city. Consequently the President elect, with a confiden
tial friend, took a special train from Harrisburg to Phila
delphia, and early on the raorning of the 23d of Feb
raary, reached Washington.
RECEPTION AT WASHINGTON.
Very decided surprise was manifested at Washington
when it became known that the President elect had
reached the Capital in advance of his escort. The man
ner of his coming was severely denounced by both friends
and foes, but subsequent developments established the
fact of an organized movement to prevent Mr. Lincoln's
inauguration by assassination at Baltimore, and the wis
dom of the manner in which it was defeated was vindi
cated. In a day or two after his arrival, the President
elect was waited upon by the Mayor and other municipal
authorities, who welcomed him to the city, and to whom
he made the following reply :
" Mr. Mayor : — I thank you, and through you the
municipal authorities of this city who accompany you,
for this welcome. And as it is the first time in my life
since the present phase of politics has presented itself in
this country, that I have said anything pubUcly within a
region of country where the institution of slavery exists,
I will take this occasion to say that I think A'^ery much of
the ill-feeling that has existed, and still exists, between

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 81
the people iu the sections from whence I came aud the
people here, is dependent upon a misunderstanding of
one another. I therefore avail myself of this opportunity
to assure you, Mr. Mayor, and all the gentlemen present,
that I have not now, and never have had, any other than
as kindly feelings towards yoa as the people of my own
section. I have not now, and never have had, any dispo
sition to treat you in any respect otherwise than as my
own neighbors. I have not now any purpose to withhold
from you any of the benelfcs of the Constitution, under
any circumstances, that I wjuld not feel myself constrain
ed to withhold from my na'ighbors; and I hope, in a word,
that, when we shall becond bstter acquainted, aud I say
it with great confidence, we shall like each other the raore.
I thank you for the kindness of this reception."
On the second evening of his residence in Washington
the EepubUcan Association tendered Mr. Lincoln a sere
nade, which attracted a large crowd of friends and curious
inqufrers, to whom he made the following remarks :
" My friends, I suppose that I may take this as a com
pliment paid to me, and as such please accept my thanks
for it. I have reached this city of Washington under
circumstances considerably differing from those under
which any other man has ever reached it. I am here for
the purpose of taking an official position amongst the
people, alraost all of whom were politically opposed to
me, and are yet opposed to me as I suppose. I propose
no lengthy address to you. I only propose to say, as I
did on yesterday, when your worthy Mayor and Board of
Aldermen caUed upon me, that I thought rauch of the Ul-
feeling that has existed between you and the people of
your surroundings and that people from amongst whom
5

82 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
I came, has depended, and now depends, upon a misun
derstanding. " I hope that, if things shall go along as prosperously
as I believe we all desfre they may, I may have it in my
power to remove something of this misunderstanding;
that I may be enabled to convince you, and the people of
your section of the country, that we regard you as in aU
things our equals, and in aU things entitled to the same
lespect and the same treatment that we claim for our
selves ; that we are in nowise disposed, if it were in our
power, to oppress you, to deprive you of any of your
rights under the Constitution of the United States, or
even narrowly to split hafrs with you in regard to those
rights, but are determined to give you, as far as lies in
our hands, aU your rights under the Constitution — not
grudgingly, but fuUy and fafrly. I hope that, by thus
dealing with you, we wiU become better acquainted, and
be better friends. And now, my friends, with these few
remarks, and again returning my thanks for this compU-
inent, and expressing my desfre to hear a Uttle more of
your good music, I bid you good-night."
WeU-grounded fears were entertained at Washington
that demonstrations of violence, to prevent Mr. Lincoln's
inauguration, would be made on the fourth of March, by
emissaries of the rebel confederacy. Ample preparations
to crush such demonstrations by military power, were
made by Lieut.-General Scott, yet apprehensions of assas
sination were widely entertained by prominent supporters
of the Government, and these apprehensions were shared
in by the great mass of the people of the loyal States.
The interest, therefore, centering at the Capitol on the
Fourth of March, 1861, was greater than it had ever been
in the history of that city. The ceremonies were impos-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 83
ing, a large nuraber of troops participating in the proces
sion. The secessionists were overawed. From a platform
on the east front of the Capitol, Mr. Lincoln delivered to ,
a very large assemblage of the people from all parts of
the country, the foUowing INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
" Fellow-citizens of the United States : In com-
pUance with a custom as old as the Govemment itself, I
appear before you to address you briefly, and to take, in
your presence, the oath prescribed by the Constitution of
the United States to be taken by the President, before he
enters on the execution of his office.
" I do not consider it necessary, at present, for rae to
discuss those raatters of adrainistration about which there
is no special anxiety or excitement. Apprehension seems
to exist among the people of the Southern States, that,
by the accession of a EepubUcan Administration, thefr
property and their peace and personal security are to be
endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause
for such apprehension. Indeed, the most ample evidence
to the contrary has aU the whUe existed, and been open
to thefr inspection. It is found in nearly all the publish
ed speeches of hira who now addresses you. I do but
quote from one of those speeches, when I declare that ' I
have no purpose, dfrectly or indfrectly, to interfere with
the institution of slavery in the States where it exists.'
I believe I have no laivful right to do so ; and I have no
inclination to do so. Those who norainated and elected
me, did so Avith the fuU knowledge that I had made this,
and made many simUar declarations, and had never re
canted them. And raore than this, they placed in the
platform, for ray acceptance, and as a law to theraselves

84 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
and to me, the clear and emphatic resolution which I now
read: " ' Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of the
rights of the States, and especially the right of each
State to order and control its own domestic institutions
according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to
that balance of power on which the perfection and endur
ance of our political fabric depend ; and we denounce the
lawless invasion by armed force of the soil of any State
or Territory, no matter under what pretext, as among the
gravest of crimes.'
" I now reiterate these sentiments ; and in doing so I
only press upon the public attention the most conclusive
evidence of which the case is susceptible, that the prop
erty, peace, and security of no section are to be in any
wise endangered by the now incoming Administration.
" I add, too, that all the protection which, consistently
with the Constitution and the laws, can be given, wiU be
cheerfuUy given to aU the States when lawfully demand
ed, for whatever cause, as cheerfully to one section as to
another. " There is much controversy about the delivering up of
fugitives from service or labor. The clause I now read is
as plainly Avritten in the Constitution as any other of its
proAdsions :
" ' No person held to service or labor in one State under
the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in conse
quence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged
from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on
claim of the party to whom such service or labor raay be
due.' " It is scarcely questioned that this provision was m-
tended by those who made it for the reclaiming of what

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 85
we call fugitive slaves ; and the intention of the lawgiver
the law.
" AU members of Congress swear their support to the
whole Constitution — to this provision as well as any other.
To the proposition, then, that slaves whose cases come
within the terms of this clause ' shall be delivered up,'
thefr oaths are unanimous. Now, if they would raake the
effort in good teraper, could they not, with nearly equal
unanimity, frarae and pass a law by raeans of which to
keep good that unanimous oath 1
" There is some difference of opinion whether this
clause should be enforced by national or by State au
thority ; but surely that difference is not a very material
one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of but
little consequence t • him or to others by which authority
it is done ; and should any one, in any case, be content
that this oath shaU go unkept on a merely unsubstantial
controversy as to how it shaU be kept 1
" Again, in any law upon this subject, ought not all the
safeguards of liberty knoAvn in the civUized and humane
jurisprudence to be introduced, so that a free man be not,
in any case, surrendered as a slave 1 And raight it not
be well at the sarae time to provide by law for the en
forcement of that clause in the Constitution which guar
antees that ' the citizens of each State shaU be entitled
to all the provUeges and immunities of citizens in the
several States V
"I take the official oath to-day with no mental reserva
tions, and Avith no purpose to construe the Constitution
or laws by any hypercritical rules ; and while I do not
choose now to specify particular acts of Congress as
proper to be enforced, I do suggest that it wiU be much
safer for all, both in official and private stations, to con
form to and abide by all those acts which stand unre-

86 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
pealed, than to violate any of them, trusting to find im
punity in having them held to be unconstitutional.
" It is seventy-two years since the first inauguration of
a President under our national Constitution. During
that period fifteen different and very distinguished citi
zens have in succession administered the executive
branch of the government. They have conducted it
through many perils, and generaUy with great success.
Tet, Avith all this scope for precedent, I now enter upon
the same task, for the brief constitutional terra of four
years, under great and pecuUar difficulties.
"A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only
menaced, is now formidably atterapted. I hold that in
the contemplation of universal law and of the Constitu
tion, the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity
is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of
aU national governments. It is safe to assert that no
government proper ever had a provision in its organic
law for its oavu termination. Continue to execute all the
express provisions of our national Constitution, and the
Union AviU endure forever, it being impossible to destroy
it except by sorae action not provided for in the instru
ment itself.
"Again, if the United States be not a government
proper, but an association of States in the nature of a
contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably im-
made by less than aU the parties who made it ? One
party to a contract may violate it — break it, so to speak ;
but does it not require aU to lawfully rescind if? De
scending from these general principles, we find the propo
sition that in legal contemplation the Union is perpetual,
confirmed by the history of the Union itself.
" The Union is much older than the Constitution. It
was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association in

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 8(
1774. It was matured and continued in the Declaration
of Independence in 1776. It was further matured, aud
the faith of all the then thirteen States expressly plight
ed and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Arti
cles of Confederation, in 1778; and, finaUy, in 1787, one
ofthe declared objects for ordaining and establishing the
Constitution was to form a more perfect Union. But if
the destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of
the States be lawfully possible, the Union is less than
before, the Constitution having* lost the vital element of
perpetuity. " It foUows from these Adews that no State, upon its
OAVU mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union ;
that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally
void ; and that acts of violence within any State or States
against the authority of the United States are insurrec
tionary or revolutionary, according to circumstances.
" I therefore consider that, in view of the Constitution
and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and, to the extent
of my ability, I shall take care, as the Constitution itself
expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union
shall be faithfuUy executed in all the States. Doing
this, which I deem to be only a simple duty on my part,
I shall perfectly perform it, so far as is practicable, un
less my rightful masters, the American people, shall
withhold the requisition, or, in some authoritative man
ner, dfrect the contrary.
"I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only
as the declared purpose of the Union that it will consti
tutionally defend and maintain itself.
"In doing this there need be no bloodshed or violence,
and there shall be none unless it is forced upon the na
tional authority.
" The power confided to me will he used to hold, occupy.

ss LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
and possess He properly and places leloigivg to ihe gcvein-
ment, and collect the duties and imposts ; but beyond
what may be necessary for these objects there will be no
invasion, no using of force against or among the people
anywhere. "Where hostility to the United States shall be so
great and so universal as to prevent competent resident
citizens from holding the Federal offices, there wUl be no
attempt to foice obnoxious strangers among the people
that object. While strict legal right may exist of the
government to enforce the exercise of these offices, the
attempt to do so would be so irritating, and so nearly
impracticable withal, that I deem it better to forego for
the time the uses of such offices.
"The mails, unless repelled, wUl continue to be
furnished to all parts of the Union.
" So far as possible, the people everywhere shall have
that sense of peifect security which is most favorable to
calm thought and refiection.
" The course here indicated wUl be foUowed, unless
current events and experience shall show a modification
or change to be proper ; and in every case and exigency
my best discretion will be exercised according to the cir
cumstances actually existfrg, and with a view and hope
of a peaceful solution of the national troubles, and the
restoration of fraternal sympathies and affections.
" That there are persons, in one section or another, who
seek to destroy the Union at aU events, and are glad of
any pretext to do it, I wUl neither affirm nor deny. But
if there be such, I need address no word to them.
" To those, however, who really love the Union, may I
not speak, before entering upon so grave a matter as the
destiuction of our national fabiic, with aU its benefits, its
memories, and its hopes 1 Wculd it not be well to ascer-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 89
tain why we do it? WiU you hazard so desperate a step,
while any portion of the ills you fly from have no real
existence *? Will you, while the certain ills you fly to,
are greater than all the real ones you fly from? Will
you risk the commission of so fearful a mistake *? AU
profess to be content in the Union if all constitutional
rights can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any
right, plainly written in the Constitution, has been de
nied 1 I think not. Happily the human mind is so con
stituted, that no party can reach to the audacity of doing
this. " Think, if you can, of a single instance in which a
plainly written provision of the Constitution has ever
been denied. If, by the mere force of numbers, a major
ity should deprive a minority of any clearly Avritten con
stitutional right, it might, in a moral point of view, jus.
tU'y revolution ; it certainly would, if such right were a
vital one. But such is not our case.
' ' AU the vital rights of minorities and of individuals
are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and nega
tions, guarantees and prohibitions in the Constitution,
that controversies never rise concerning them. But no
organic law can ever be framed with a provision specific
ally applicable to every question which may occur in
practical administration. No foresight can anticipate,
nor any document of reasonable length contain, express
provisions for all possible questions. Shall fugitives
from labor be surrendered by national or by State
authorities'? The Constitution does not expressly say.
Must Congress protect slavery in the territories 1 The
Constitution does not expressly say. From questions of
this class spring all our constitutional controversies, and
we divide upon them into majorities and minorities.
" If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority must.

90 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
or the government must cease. There is no alternative
for continuing the government but acquiescence on the
one side or the other. If a minority in such a case will
secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent
which in turn will ruin and divide them, for a minority
of their own will secede from them whenever a majority
refuses to be controlled by such a minority. For instance,
why not any portion of a new confederacy, a year or two
hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions of
the present Union now claim to secede from it 1 AU who
cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to
the exact temper of doing this. Is there such perfect
identity of interests among the States to compose a new
Union as to produce harraony only, and prevent renewed
secession 1 Plainly, the central idea of secession is the
essence of anarchy.
" A raajority held in restraint by constitutional check
and limitations, and always changing easily with deliber
ate changes of popular opinions and sentiments, is the
only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever reject it,
does, of necessity, fly to anarchy or to despotism.
Unanimity is impossible ; the rule of a majority, as a
permanent arrangeraent, is wholly inadmissible. So
that, rejecting the majority principle, anarchy or despot
ism in some form is aU that is left.
" I do not forget the position assumed by some that
constitutional questions are to be decided by the Supreme
Court, nor do I deny that such decisions must be binding
in any case apon the parties to a suit, as to the object of
that suit, whUe they are also entitled to very high re
spect and consideration in all parallel cases by all other
departments of the government; and while it is obviously
possible that such decision may be erroneous in any
given case, stUl the evU effect following it, being limited

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 91
to that particular case, with the chance that it may be
overruled and never become a precedent for other cases,
can better be borne than could the evUs of a different
practice. " At the same time, the candid citizen raust confess
that, if the poUcy of the government upon the Aatal ques
tions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably fixed
by the decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they
are made, as in ordinary Utigation between parties in
personal actions, the people will have ceased to be thefr
OAVTi masters, unless having to that extent practically re
signed thefr government into the hands of that eminent
tribunal. " Nor is there in this view any assault upon the court
or the judges. It is a duty frora which they may not
shrink, to decide cases properly brought before them;
and it is no fault of theirs if others seek to turn thefr
decisions to politiejal purposes. One section of our coun
try beUeves slavery is right, and ought to be extended,
whUe the other believes it is Avrong, and ought not to be
extended ; and this is the only substantial dispute ; and
the fugitive slave clause of the Constitution, and the law
for the suppression of the foreign slave trade, are each
as weU enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a
community where the raoral sense of the people imper
fectly supports the law itself. The great body of the
people abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases,
and a few break over in each. This, I think, cannot be
perfectly cured, and it would be worse, in both cases,
after the separation of the sections, than before. The
foreign slave trade, now imperfectly suppressed, would
be ultimately revived, without restriction, in one section ;
while fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered,
would not be surrendered at all by the other.

92 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
" PhysicaUy speaking, we cannot separate — we cannot
remove our respective sections from each other, nor build
an impassible wall between them. A husband and wife
may be divorced, and go out of the presence and beyond
the reach of the other ; but the different parts of our
country cannot do that. They cannot but remain face to
face ; and intercourse, either amicable or hostile, must
continue between them. Is it possible, then, to make
that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory
after separation than before'? Can aliens make treaties
easier than friends can make laws 1 Can treaties be more
faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among
friends'? Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight al
ways ; and when, after much loss on both sides, and no
gain on either, you cease fighting, the identical questions
as to terms of intercourse are again upon you.
" This country, with its institutions, belongs to the
people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary
of the existing govemment, they can exercise their con
stitutional right of amending, or their revolutionary right
to dismember or overthrow it. I cannot be ignorant of
the fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are
desirous of having the national Constitution amended.
WhUe I make no recommendation of amendment, I fuUy
recognize the full authority of the people over the whole
subject, to be exercised in either of the modes prescribed
in the instrument itself, and I should, under existing cir
cumstances, favor, rather than oppose, a fair opportunity
being afforded the people to act upon it.
" I wiU venture to add that to me the convention mode
seems preferable, in that it allows amendments to origi
nate with the people themselves, instead of only permit
ting them to^take or reject propositions originated by
others not especially chosen Tor the purpose, and which

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 93
might not be precisely such as they would wish either to
accept or refuse. I understand that a proposed amend
ment to the Constitution (which amendment, however, I
have not seen), has passed Congress, to the effect that
the Federal Governraent shall never interfere with the
domestic institutions of States, including that of persons
held to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I
have said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of par
ticular amendments, so far as to say that, holding such a
provision to now be implied constitutional law, I have no
objection to its being made express and irrevocable.
" The chief magistrate derives all his authority from
the people, and they have conferred none upon him to fix.
the terras for the separation of the States. The people
themselves, also, can do this if they choose, but the
Executive, as such, has nothing to do Avith it. His duty
is to administer the present government as it came to his
hands, and to transmit it, unimpaired by him, to his suc
cessor. Why should there not be a patient confidence in
the tUtimate justice of the people ? Is there any better
or equal hope in the world 1 In our present differences,
is either party without faith of being in the right 1 If
the Alraighty Euler of Nations, with His eternal truth
and justice, be on your side of the North, or on yours of
the South, that truth and that justice wUl surely prevail
by the judgment of this great tribunal, the American
people. By the frame of the government under which
we live, this same people have wisely given thefr public
servants but little power for mischief, and have, Avith
equal wisdora, provided for the return of that little to
thefr OAvn hands at very short intervals. While the peo
ple retain thefr virtue and vigilance, no administration,
by any extreme Avickedness or foUy, can very seriously
injure the government in the short space of four years.

94 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
" My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and well
upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can be lost
by taking time.
" If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot
haste, to a step which you would never take deliberately,
that object will be frustrated by taking time ; but no good
object oan be frustrated by it.
" Such of you as are now dissatisfied StUl have the old
Constitution unimpaired, and, on the sensitive point, the
laws of your own framing under it ; whUe the new ad
ministration wUl have no immediate power, if it would,
to change either.
"If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied hold
the right side in the dispute, there is stUl no single rea
son for precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism, Chris
tianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet
forsaken this favored land, are stiU competent to adjust,
in the best way, all our present difficulties.
" In your hands, my dissatisfied feUow-countryraen, and
not in mine, is the momentous issue of cIatI war. The
government avUI not assaU you.
" Tou can have no confiict Avithout being yourselves
the aggressors. Tou have no oath legistered in heaven
to destroy the government ; whUe I shall have the most
solemn one to ' preserve, protect, and defend it.'
" I am loth to close. We are not enemies, but friends.
We must not be eneraies. Though passion raay have
strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.
" The mystic cords of meraory, stretching frora every
battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and
hearthstone aU over this broad land, wiU yet swell the
chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely as
they wiU be, by the better angels of our nature."

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 95
Chief Justice Taney then administered the oath of
office, and President Lincoln left the Capitol for the
White House, where he held a public reception.

ME. LINCOLN'S ADMINISTEATION.
It is not within the purpose of this work to record the
acts or sketch the characteristics of Mr. Lincoln's admin
istration, nor to give a history of the events which suc
ceeded his inauguration. War against the United States
was declared by the rebel confederacy by firing upon the
Star of the West, a vessel sent with provisions to the
garrison in Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor; and,
under orders of General Beauregard, Fort Sumter was
bombarded on the 12th of April, 1861, and on the 15th,
Major Anderson and his commaud of seventy men were
compeUed to evacuate. Frora that day war to crush the
rebelUon was prosecuted, with varying fortunes, untU
April 9th, 1865, when Gen. Eobert E. Lee, Commander-
in-Chief of the forces of the Confederacy, surrendered
the army of Northern Vfrginia to Lieut.-General Grant,
of the United States army. Eichmond, the capital of
the Confederacy, had previously been occupied, and on
the 14th of AprU, 1865, the anniversary of the removal
of the American flag from Fort Sumter — and the day
appointed for the replanting of the national colors upon
its battered walls — on that day, celebrated by the loyal
people of the nation as the crowning hour of national
victory — a Good Friday of loyal congratulations — Abra
ham Lincoln, who had been unanimously renominated by
the Union Convention, which met at Baltimore, June 7th,
1864, and had been re-elected by a majority on the popu
lar vote of 411,281 ballots over his competitor. Gen. Geo.

96 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
B. McClellan, was assassinated at Ford's Theatre, in the
city of Washington.
Frequent threats of assassination had been reported
after the discovery of the plot at Baltimore, in 1861, and
some apprehensions were entertained on the day of Mr.
Lincoln's re-inauguration, March 4th, 1865, but no demon
strations other than of the most enthusiastic and cordial
approval were witnessed, and the President announced to
a very large assemblage of the people the general policy
of his second term of service, in the following remarkable
INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
"Fellow Countrymen: — At this second appearing
to take the oath of the Presidential office, there is less
occasion for an extended address than there was at the
first. Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course
to be pursued seemed very fitting and proper. Now, at
the expiration of four years, during whioh public declara
tions have constantly been called forth on every point
and phase of the great contest which stiU absorbs the
attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little
that is new could be presented.
"The progress of our arms, upon Avhich aU else chiefly
depends, is as well known to the pubUc as to myself, and
it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to
aU. With high hope for the future, no prediction in re
gard to it is ventured. On the occasion corresponding
to this four years ago aU thoughts were anxiously directed
to an impending civU war. AU dreaded it ; aU sought to
avoid it. WhUe the inaugural address was being deliv
ered from this place, devoted to saving the Union with
out war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to de
stroy it with war; seeking to dissolve the Union and
divide the effects by negotiation.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 97
" Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would
make war rather than let the nation survive, and the
other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the
war came.
"One-eighth of the whole population were colored
slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but lo-
(^ted in the southern part of it. These slaves consti
tuted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that
this interest was somehow the cause of this war. To
strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the
object for which the insurgents would rend the Union by
war, while the Government claimed no right to do more
than restrict the territorial enlargement of it. Neither
party expected the raaguitude or the duration which it
has afready attained. Neither anticipated that the cause
of the conflict raight cease even before the conflict itself
should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph and a
result less fundamental and astounding. Both read the
same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes
his aid against the other. It may seem strange that any
man should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wring
ing his bread frora the sweat of other men's faces. But
let us judge not, that we be not judged.
"The prayer of both could not be answered. That of
neither has been fuUy answered. The Almighty has his
own purposes. ' Woe unto the world because of offences,
for it must needs be that offences come, but woe to that
man by whom the offence cometh.' If we shall suppose
that American slavery is one of the offences, which, in
the providence of God must needs come, but which, hav
ing through His appointed time, He now wills to remove,
and that he gives to both North and South this terrible
war as the woe due to those by whom the offence came,
shall we discern therein any departure ft'om those Divine

98 LINCOLN AFEMORIAL.
attributes which the believer in a God always ascribe to
him'? "Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray that this
mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Tet, if
God wiUs that it continue untU all the wealth pUed by
the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited
toU shaU be sunk, and until every drop of blood draAvn
by the lash shaU be paid by another draAvn by the sword,
as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be
said, that the judgments of the Lord are trae and right
eous altogether.
"With malice toward none, with charity for aU, vrith
firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right,
let ns strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind np
the nation's wounds, to care for him who shaU have
home the battle, and for his Avidow and his orphans, to
do aU which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting
peace among ourselves and Avith all nations."
THE ASSASSINATION.
On the evening ofthe Fourteenth of AprU, when every
loyal American heart was full of joy over a great victory
which promised the immediate re-estabUshment of peace
and good order in aU the insurgent States — when Ulu-
minations and processions and music, and shouts and
speeches and good cheer made gay and glad all the cities
and toAvns and viUages of the loyal States, a plot to assas
sinate the President and his Cabinet, long premeditated
and deUberately planned, culminated in the shooting of
Mr. Lincoln, and in a desperate attempt to destroy the
life of the Secretary of State, Mr. Seward.
It had been annoimced that Mr. Lincoln, Gen. Grant
and a party of friends would visit Ford's Theatre, for the

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 99
purpose of witnessing the performance of " Our American
Cousin," by Laura Keene's dramatic company. Gen.
Grant was unexpectedly called to New Jersey, and left
Washington on the evening train. Mr. Lincoln went to
the theatre Avith reluctance, explaining that he did not
Avish the audience to be disappointed, which. Gen. Grant
having left the city, it would be if he did not go. He was
accorapanied by Mrs. Lincoln, Miss Clara Harris, and
Maj. H. B. Eathbone. The box set apart for the President
and friends was in the second tier, to the right of the
audience. The assassin chose for the raoment of the
attack a period in the third act of the play, when there
was a temporary pause in the action. The entrance from
the President's box was by a door frora the adjoining
gaUery. Having entered by deceiving the guard, the as
sassin found hiraself in a dark corridor, of which the waU
made an acute angle with the door. He had previously
gouged a channel from the plaster and placed near by a
stout piece of board, which he now inserted between the
waU and the panel of the door. Ingress then became
impossible. He next turned toward the entrances to the
box : these were two, as the box by a sliding partition
was convertible into two when desfred. The door at the
bottom of the passage was open ; that nearer the murder
er was closed. Both had spring-locks, but thefr screws
had been carefuUy loosened so as to yield to a slight
pressure if necessary. In the hither door a smaU hole
had been bored, through which to survey the interior of
the box. To this the assassin resorted, after fastening
the door first described, and discovered that the occupants
had taken seats in an order favorable to his purpose:
the President in an armed-chair nearest the audience,
Mrs. Lincoln next, then, after a considerable space. Miss
Clara Harris in the corner nearest the stage, and Maj. H.

100 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
E. Eathbone on a lounge along the further waU. The
report of a pistol first announced the presence of an as
sassin, who uttered the word " Freedom," and advanced
toward the front. Maj. Eathbone discerned him through
the smoke, and grappled with him. The raurderer
dropped his pistol and airaed a violent blow with a knife
at the breast of his antagonist, who caught the blow in
the upper part of his left arm, but was unable to detain
the desperado, though imraediately seizing him again and
tearing his clothes as he vaulted ten or twelve feet down
upon the open stage, tangUng his spur in the draped flag
below the box and stumbling in his faU. Eecovering
himself iramediately, he flourished his dagger, shouted
" Sie semper tyramds ! " and " The South is avenged ! "
and retreated successfnUy through the famiUar labyrinth
of the theatre. Between the deed and the escape there
was not the lapse of a minute. The hour was about half-
past ten. There was only one pursuer — CoL* Stuart, of
Washington — ^from the audience, but he was outstripped.
The screams of Mrs. Lincoln first disclosed to the au
dience the fact that the President had been shot, when
aU present rose to their feet, rushing toward the stage,
many exclaiming, " Hang hira, hang him !" The excite
ment was of the Arildest possible description, and of course
there was an abrupt termination to the theatrical per
formance. There was a rush toward the President's box, when
cries were heard : " Stand back and give him air." " Has
any one stimulants '?" On immediate examination, it was
found that Mr. Lincoln was shot in the back of the head,
behind the left ear, the ball traversing an oblique line to
the right ear. He was rendered instantaneously uncon
scious, and never knew friends or pain again. He was
conveyed as soon as possible to the house of Mr. Peter-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 101
son, opposite the theatre, and there expired next morning
at twenty-two minutes past seven o'clock, attended by
the principal members of his Cabinet, Senator Sumner,
Major Hay, his Assistant Secretary, General HaUeck,
General Meigs, Eev. Dr. Gurley, and several surgeons.
Mrs. Lincoln and her son Eobert were in an adjoining
apartment — ^the former bowed down with anguish, the
latter strong enough to sustain and console her. Soon
after nine o'clock the body was removed to the White
House under miUtary escort.
When the excitement in the streets of Washington
created by the assassination of Mr. Lincoln and the Avild
rumors associated Avith the horrible crirae, was at a fear
ful pitch, augmented intensity was given it by a report
that Secretary Seward had also been murdered. The
facts were that about ten o'clock a man on horseback
rode to the Secretary's house, rang the beU, and told the
servant attending upon the door that he had a prescrip
tion from Dr. Verdi, Mr. Seward's attending physician,
which he must deUver to the Secretary in person, Mr.
Seward being confined to his room by injuries received a
few days previous, haAong been throAvn from a carriage.
The servant took him up stafrs and ushered hira into Mr.
Frederick Seward's room, where he deUvered the same
message, but was assured by Mr. Seward that he could
not see his father. He then started to retfre, when he
turned Avith an inaudible mutter and leveled a blow at
Frederick Avith a slung shot. A scuffle ensued, in which
the assassin used a knife, and very seriously wounded
the Assistant Secretary, then rushing by him he passed
through the door into the father's room. He found the
Secretary in charge of his male nurse, and with a violent
rush drew his knife and struck the Secretary several
tjmes. The nurse (Mr. Eobinson) grappled hira. Disen-

102 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
gaging himself by the use of his knife he darted out,
when he encountered Major Clarence Seward, who seized
him and endeavored to detain him, without knovring the
horrid tragedy he had enacted. He again used his knife,
but was most eager to escape, and as soon as he had cut
himself loose fled to the outer door, mounted his horse,
and was off before the inmates of the house could give
general alarra. A surgeon was promptly caUed, who dis
covered that in haste and eagerness the assassin had
missed his mark and had only inflicted a sUght wound
upon the Secretary's face, but had severely if not mor
taUy wounded Frederick Seward, his skuU being fractured.
The assassin at the Seward mansion was unrecognized,
but the Avretch who flred the shot which made the Presi
dent a martyr was distinctly identified by several actors
and attendants at the theater as John Wilkes Booth, an
actor of some reputation, and a son of the distinguished
tragedian, Junius Brutus Booth. His hat, vphich he left
in the President's box, and a spur, which fell as he
sprang upon the stage, were identified as his property.
The police force of Washington was promptly aroused
and put actively at work, and every road leading out of
the city was immediately picketed, but the only tidings
gained of the assassin were that Booth had escaped upon
a horse which was held in waiting for him by a boy in an
aUey near the theater.
The foUoAving day arrests were made of several per
sons in Washington upon suspicion of compUcity Avith
the assassination, and liberal rewards were advertised
for the capture of Booth. THE ARREST.
A large detective force, together with numerous de-
achments of cavafry and infantry, were, on Saturday,

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 103
the 15th, quietly but industriously employed. For a few
days the information seemed doubtful and conflicting,
and the different heads of the respective forces were
divided in opinion as to the direction of Booth's escape.
Evidence began to multiply, however, that Booth, in com
pany vrith some accomplice, had passed over what is
knoAvn as the Navy Tard Bridge across the eastern
branch of the Potoraac, in the southeastern section of the
city, before it was guarded by the troops after the alarm
had been given of the assassination.
Parties famUiar Avith the counties of Prince George,
Charles, and St. Mary's, gave information to the proper
authorities to the effect that Booth had spent much time
in Charles county ; that he had been in correspondence
Avith people residing there ; that it was knoAvn that
nearly aU of them were avowed opponents of the Gov
ernment, and sympathizers with rebelUon.
Col. C. L. Baker's detectives and others, and the cav
alry, therefore dfrected thefr attention to the section
named, and soon secured a clue of the way Booth was
trying to escape. On Saturday morning, AprU 15, after
riding hard aU night, to about thfrty or thfrty-flve mUes
from Washington, near BogantoAvn, Charles county, Mary
land, Booth, accompanied by David C. Harrold, a young
man of Washington, who had been a famUiar associate, was
taken to Dr. Mudd, living in that vicinity, to have one ot
his legs attended, which they represented had either been
badly fractured or bruised by being throvvn or having
faUen from a horse. He remained several hours, his leg
sweUing so that he could not wear a boot, but mani
festing a great desfre to push on toward the Potomac. It
afterward appeared that this fracture of his leg was
caused by the jump from the box to the stage, after
flring the fatal shot.

104 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
The detectives and cavalry hearing that two strangers
had visited Dr. Mudd's house early on that morning, pro
ceeded there two or three days after, and took the Doc
tor and aU his family mto custody. In the house was
found the boot left there by Booth, and inside of the boot
leg was the name of Booth, written in mk by the raaker.
From there Col. Baker and Marshal Maroy, detectives,
tracked Booth and Harrold toward the Potomac. They
made arrests at certain places of people where the two
viUains were harbored from day to day and night. At
sorae portions of the chase the officers were not raore
than an hour or two behind them. The assassins were
aided in thefr escape in various ways by the rebel sym
pathizers, so numerous in lower Maryland. The officers
were confldent that Booth and Harrold could not get
across the Potoraac. The gunboats patroled it in the
day tirae Avithin sight of each other, and at night used
great Druraraond lights to render the surface of the river
almost as bright as day. Besides aU of these precau
tions, it was known that the Potoraac flotilla had de
stroyed all the small boats on both shores of the Po
tomac, so as to prevent spies, deserters, and blockade
runners from crossing either way. Now and then some
man managed to hide a boat, but he was soon detected
and the boat destroyed, and the owner generally arrested.
In addition, however, to all these precautions. Col. Ba
ker had cavalry detaUed on the Virginia side. They
were landed at BeUe Plain, at the mouth of Potomac
creek, near Fredericksburg, Virginia, with instractions
to look out for any suspicious persons on that side of the
Potomac river.
In the meantime Booth and Harrold were making their
way toward the Potomac. Either from the vigilance of
the officers, or because of Booth's fractured leg, and

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 106
probably from both causes, their progress was slow after
they left Mudd's house at Bogantown. They were one
week crossing the tributaries of the Great Wycomico
river to the place called Swan Point. While near Swan
Point the detectives were very close on the heels of the
fleeing men. Had they been familiar with the roads and
swamps, or had they received aid from the inhabitants,
it is not believed that the fugitiAes could have reached
the Potomac river. It is supposed that on Sunday, the
23d, during the night, they crossed the Potomac in a
canoe, for which they paid a very large sum to its owner
to ferry them across.
Meanwhile the pursuing forces on the Virginia side of
the Potomac were watchful. They consisted of a de
tachment of twenty-six men of Company D, 16th NeAV
Tork Cavalry, commanded by Lieut. Dougherty, accom
panied by two of Col. Baker's experienced detectives.
The cavalry landed at Belle Plain in the night and imme
diately started out in pursuit of Booth and his associate,
ha\dng previously ascertained from a colored raan that
they had crossed the river into Vfrginia at Swan Point.
The cavalry crossed the Eappahannock at Fredericks
burg, and moved down the Bowling Green road, and then
over to Port Eoyal. There they obtained news of Booth
from an old colored man, who said that four raen, in com
pany with a rebel Captain, had crossed the Eappahan
nock a short time previous, going in the direction of
BowUng Green, and added that the Captain would proba
bly be found at that place, as he was courting a young
lady there. The Captain was found at the hotel in Bowl
ing Green and taken in custody. From him it was ascer
tained that Booth and Harrold were at the house of John
and WUUam Garratt, three mUes back toward Port Eoyal,

106 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
and about a quarter of a mile from the road passed by
the cavalry. Eeturning, they arrived at Garratt's house
about three o'clock on the morning of the 26th. The
cavalrymen were posted around it by Lieut. Baker, a
brother of Col. L. C. Baker, and Lieut. Conger, of Col.
Baker's force. The two detectives accompanying the
cavalry went to Garratt's house and obtained from one
uf the Garratt's a reluctant confession that the criminals
were in the barn. Going to the barn. Baker knocked on
the door with the butt of his revolver, at the same time
saying, " Booth, we want you."
" Here I am," replied Booth ; " who are you. Confed
erate or Tankee 1"
Lieutenant Baker informed him who he was, and de
manded his surrender, but met with a flat refusal. Quite
a parley ensued, Harrold at one time expressing a desfre
to surrender, but Booth told him that he was a coward.
Booth could see the party outside through the cracks of
the barn. They could see nothing of him. He swore not
to be taken alive, and declared that he could kUl five men
and then kUl himself should they attempt to break into
the barn.
Lieutenant Baker, fearing that gnerrillas and paroled
soldiers, with whom the country swarmed, might come to
the rescue, posted cavalrymen at the end of the barn,
which was fiUed Avith hay, a portion of which was puUed
through a crack and lighted. The flames ran up the
crack to the top of the hay-mow, over which they spread.
When Booth saw the fire, he climbed up on the mow, and
vainly attempted to extinguish it. He then returned to
his position on the floor, between two barn doors, Avith
his back against the hay- mow, and Avith two revolvers in
his hands.
MeanwhUe the soldiers approached the barn, and Har-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 107
rold started vrith his pistol to surrender. Booth, vrith
terrible oaths, denounced his cowardice. Harrold, in re
turn, implored Booth to give up, dropped his arms and
rushed out of the barn. Booth then proposed to flght
each raan singly, at thfrty paces, and declared that the
flrst raan who came near he woiUd shoot.
At this moment — fifteen minutes past 4 o'clock — Ser
geant Boston Corbett, Company I, 16th New Tork Cav
afry, had a sight of him through a crack, and draAving
his cavafry six-shooter, fired, and Booth fell over, holding
in each haud a six-barreled revolver. Detectives Conger
and Baker, and Lieutenant Dougherty and Sergeant Cor
bett rushed into the bam and brought Booth out. The
baU had entered the back part of his neck and passed
entirely through his head.
He was still conscious. Detective Baker laid Booth
on the ground and held his head in his lap. " It's aU up
now, I am gone," he pensively articulated. Booth did
not deny kiUing the President, but showed no signs of
repentance or humUity. To Lieutenant Dougherty he
said, " TeU my mother I died in defense of my country."
His death was not easy; at three minutes past 7
o'clock, April 26, the assassin of Abraham Lincoln
breathed his last in a country barn-yard. The body
was taken to Washington, identified, and secretly bu
ried. Harrold was lodged in old Capitol Prison.
THE NATION IN MOURNING.
When on the morning of AprU 15th, by telegrams to
the newspapers, and by official dispatches from the Secre
tary of War, the news, that the President had been mur
dered, and that a plot to murder other prominent Govern
ment officers had been frustrated only by accident, was
communicated to the people, the nation's joy was turned

108 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
to mourning. Flags which had been hung out as tokens
of rejoicing were drai)ed in mourning — business was sus
pended — emblems of sorrow were displayed on nearly
every dwelling-house in the loyal States, and public meet
ings — spontaneous gatherings of the people — expressive
of unfeigned regret and intense indignation, were held in
a large majority of their cities, tbAvns and viUages. A
meeting of Congressmen and others was convened at the
Capitol on Monday, April 17, 1865, at noon. The Hon.
Lafayette S. Foster, of Connecticut, President pro tem.
of the Senate, was caUed to the Chair, and Hon. Schuyler
Colfax was chosen Secretary.
On motion of Senator Sumner, of Massachusetts, a
Committee of five members from each house was ordered
to report at four o'clock in the afternoon, what action
was fitting for a meeting relative to arrangements for the
funeral of the deceased President.
The Chairman appointed Senators Sumner, Harris,
Johnson, Eamsey and Conness, and Eepresentatives
Washbum, Smith, Schenck, Pike and Coffroth ; and, on
raotion of Mr. Schenck, the Chairraan and Secretary of
the meeting were added to the Committee.
The meeting then adjourned until 4 P. M.
The meeting again convened, pursuant to adjournment.
Mr. Sumner, from the Committee heretofore appointed,
reported that they had selected as paU-bearers, on the
part of the Senate, Messrs. Foster, Morgan, Johnson,
Tates, Wade and Conness ; on the part of the House,
Messrs. Dawes, Coffroth, Smith, Colfax, Worthington,
and Washburne.
They recommended the appointment of one meraber of
Congress, from each State and Territory, to act as Con
gressional Committee, to accompany the reraains of the
late President to Illinois; and presented the foUowing

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 109
names as the Committee, the Chainnan of the meeting to
have authority to appoint, hereafter, for States and Ter
ritories, not represented to-day, from which members may
be present at the Capitol by the day of the funeral :
Maine, Mr. Pike ; New Hampshire, Mr. Eollins ; Mas
sachusetts, Mr. Sumner; Vermont, Mr. Foote; Ehode
Island, IVIr. Anthony ; Connecticut, Mr. Dixon ; New
Tork, Mr. Harris ; Pennsylvania, Mr. Cowan ; Ohio, Mr.
Schenck; Kentneky, Mr. Smith; Indiana, Mr. Julian;
Illinois, Delegation; Michigan, Mr. Chandler; Wisconsin,
 ; California, Mr. Shannon ; Minnesota, Mr. Eamsey ;
Oregon, Mr. Williams ; Kansas, Mr. Clarke ; West Vir
ginia, Mr. WUley; Nevada, Mr. Nye; Nebraska, Mr.
Hitchcock ; Colorado, Mr. Bradford ; Dakota, Mr. Tweed ;
Idaho, Mr. WaUace.
The Committee recomraended that the foUowing reso
lution be adopted :
Resolved, That the Sergeants-at-Arms of the Senate
and House, with their respective assistants, be requested
to attend the Committee accompanying the remains of
our late President, and make all necessary arrangements.
AU of which was concurred in unanimously.
Mr. Sumner, from the Committee, also reported the fol
lowing, which was agreed to :
The merabers of the Senate and House now asserabled
in Washington, humbly confessing thefr dependence upon
Almighty God, who rules aU that is done for human good,
make haste, at this informal meeting, to express the emo
tions with which they have been filled by the appaUing
tragedy, which has deprived the nation of its head, and
covered the land with mourning ; and in further declara
tion of their sentiments, unanimously
Resolved, That in testimony of their veneration and
affection for the illustrious dead, who has been permitted.

110 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
under Providence, to do so much for his country and for
Uberty, they wUl attend his funeral services, and by an
appropriate committee avUI accompany his remains to
thefr place of burial, in the State for which he was taken
for national service.
THE BODY IN STATE AT THE AVHITE HOUSE.
On the 18th of AprU arrangements were completed
which permitted the people of the District of Columbia
to pay their last personal tokens of respect and affection
to the martyred President. The body, which had been
embalraed, lay then in state at the White House. It had
been publicly announced that the doors would not be
opened tUl 10 o'clock that raorning, but the crowd began
to gather at the gates by 8:30, and by 9:30 the Une, four
and six persons deep, was nearly a quarter of a raile long.
The arrangements at the house for entrance and exit were :
entrance at the main door, thence to the Green Eoom,
thence to the East Eoom, and out at the Arindow by the
customary steps. It was estimated that 25,000 persons
passed through the rooms, and that half as many more,
seeing the immense thropg, left without trying to get in.
The approaches were guarded by a battalion of Veteran
Eeserves. The East Eoom, in which the remains were
laid, was decorated in mourning, under the supervision
of Mr. John Alexander. The Arindows at either end of
the room were draped Arith black barege, the frames of
the rafrrors between the windows, as well as those over
the marble mantles, being heavily draped Arith the same
material. The heaA^ gildings of the frames were entirely
enshrouded, wnile the plates of the mirrors were covered
with white crape. The chandeliers at the western and
southern ends of the room were also draped with mourn
ing — the central chandelier having been reraoved to raake

LINCOLN MEMORIAL.

Ill

room for the catafalque. This was very handsome ; the
dais or platform, on whioh the coffin rested, was raised
three feet from the floor, and covered with evergreens
and japonicas.
The corpse was in charge of army and navy officers.
A limited number of persons were admitted to the houses
at a time, and these were requfred to pass through as
rapidly as was consistent Avith decency and propriety.
The expressions and appearance of the people, as they
looked for the last tUne on the face of the honored dead ,
were conclusive, as a reporter for the New York Time:^
declared that the great majority regarded the President's
death as a personal and individual loss, as well as a na
tional calamity. Hundreds addressed words of fareweU
to the cold and inanimate body; and thousands passed
from the platform Arith weeping eyes. Every class, rae
and condition of society was represented in the throng of
mourners, and the sad tears and farewells of whites aud
blacks were mingled by the coffin of him to whom human •
ity was everywhere the same. The most touching exhi
bitions of sorrow were made by many whose dress marked
them as of the poorer classes of society. "He was th ¦
poor man's friend," was a very common remark.
The vast throng outside, as well as inside, was quiet,
orderly and reverent, all day, though two to three hour ^
was the average period of waiting for admission, and
mauy waited even flve and six hours.
The clerks of each of the public departments were mar-'
shalled at 11 o'clock, under their respective heads of
bureaus, and marched in grand aud solemn processio:i
into the White House and past the body in the east room.
The features of Mr. Lincoln retained their sweet, placi{\
natural expression, and the discoloration caused by the
wound was so slight as not to amount to a disfiguremen'-.

112 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
A sUvei plate upon the coffin over the breast bore the
foUowing inscription :
ABRAHAM LINCOLN,
SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
Born July 12, 1809,
Died April 15, 1865.
PREPARATIONS FOR THE FUNERAL.
Upon consultation between the President, members of
the Cabinet and of Congress, it was determined that the
funeral obsequies at the Capital should be observed on
the 19th of April. The acting Secretary of State accord
ingly issued the following address :
'¦ To the Fe^le of the United States :
" The undersigned is directed to announce that the
funeral ceremonies of tbe lamented Chief Magistrate wUl
take place at the Executive Mansion, in this city, at 12
o'clock noon on Wednesday, the 19th instant.
" The A-arious religious denominations throughout the
country are iuAnted to meet in their respective places of
worship at that hour for the purpose of solemnizing the
occasion with appropriate ceremonies.
"(Signed) W. HUNTEE,
" Acting Secretary of State.
" Department of State, Washington, April 17, 1865."
The general arrangements for the exercises were com-
.mittecl to Assistant Secretary Harrington, ofthe Treasury
Department, assisted by Maj. B. B. French, Commissioner
of Public Buildings, Gen. Augur haAing command of the
militarj- escort.
Orders were issued by the heads of the various de
pai'tments respecting: the observance of the solemn occa
sion.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 113
That the Navy Department be closed and work sus
pended in all navy-yards and naval stations, and on all
vessels of the United States. The flags of all vessels
and at all the navy-yards and stations and marine bar
racks, to be kept at half mast during the day ; and at
12 o'clock M., twenty-one minute guns to be flred by the
senior officer of each squadron and the commandants of
each of the navy-yards and stations. Vice-Admiral D.
G. Farragut and Eear-Admiral Wm. B. Shubrick were
designated to make the necessary arrangements on the
part of the navy and marine corps for attending the
funeral. That the State Department be closed, and Acting Sec
retary Hunter directed that all persons subject to the
orders of the department wear crape for six months upon
the left arm.
The Postmaster-General directed that all the post-
offices in the United States be closed from 11 tUl 3, and
that all work therein be suspended.
Secretary Usher directed that the Interior Department
be closed ; and sent orders to the various Indian agencies,
land offices, pension agencies, etc., in connection with
his department, for a proper observance of the day by a
suspension of aU business.
The Treasury Department was ordered to be closed,
and Secretary McCuUoch communicated to the various
sub- treasuries his patriotic wishes and desires.
The Secretary of War and Lieut.-Gen. Grant directed
that the headquarters of every department, post, station,
fort and arsenal be draped in mourning for thirty days,
and appropriate funeral honors be paid by every army in
every department, and at exevj military post, and at the
MUitary Academy at West Point, to the memory of the
late Ulustrious Chief Magistrate of the nation, and Com-

114 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
mander-in-Chief of its armies ; and that the officers of
the armies of the United States wear the badge of mourn
ing on thefr lefl arm, and on their swords, and the colors
of their commands and regiments to be put iu mourning
for the period of six raonths ; and further, that on Wed
nesday, the 19th, the national flag be everywhere dis
played at half-mast, and at dawn thfrteen guns be flred
at every fort, arsenal and station, and at West Point,
and afterwards at intervals of thfrty minutes, between
the rising and setting of the sun, a single gun, and at
the close of the day a national salute of thfrty-six guns.
The order of the funeral ceremonies was decided upon
as foUows :
Eeading a portion of the Scriptures, by Eev. Dr. Hall.
Opening prayer, by Bishop Simpson.
Funeral address, by Eev. Dr. Gurley.
Closing prayer, by Eev. Dr. Gray.
The corpse to be conveyed to the Capitol, where Dr.
Gurley would repeat the service and pronounce the bene
diction. OFFICIAL PROGRAMME.
Arrangements at Washington for the funeral solemnities of the late
Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, who died at the
seat of government, on Saturday, the 15th day of April, 1865 :
War Dbpaetment,
Adjutant-Gbnerax's Office,
Washington, April 17, 1865.
The following order of arrangements is directed :
ORDER OF the PROCESSION.
Funeral Escort in Column of March.
One Regiment of Cavalry.
Two Batteries of ArtiUery.
Battalion of Marines.
Two Regiments of Infantry.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 115
Commander of the Escort and Staff.
Dismounted Officers of the Marine Corps.
Navy and Army in the order named.
Mounted Officers of the Marine Corps.
Navy and Army in the order named.
All Military Officers to he in uniform, with side arms.
CIVIC PROCESSION.
Marshal.
Clergy in attendance.
Surgeon General of the United States and Physicians to the deceased.
Pall Bearers on the part of the Senate :
Mr. Foster, of Connecticut.
Mr. Morgan, of New York.
Mr. Johnson, of Maryland.
Mr. Yates, of Illinois.
Mr. Wade, of Ohio.
Mr. Conness, of California.
The Hearse.
Pall Bearers on the part of the House of Representatives :
Mr. Davis, of Massachusetts; Mr. Coffroth, of Pennsylvania; Mr.
Smith, of Kentucky ; Mr. Colfax, of Indiana ;
Mr. Worthington, of Navada ; Mr.
Washburne, of Illinois.
Army.
Lieutenant Geueral U. S. Grant, Major General H. W. Halleck, Brig
adier General W. A. Nichols.
Navy.
Vice Admiral D. G. Farragut, Rear Admiral W. B. Shubrick, Colonel
Jacob Zeiler, of the Marine Corps.
Civilians.
O. H. Browning, George Ashmun, Thomas Corwin, Simon Cameron.
Family.
Relatives.
The delegations of the States of Illinois aud Kentucky as mourners.
The President.
The Cabinet Ministers.
The Diplomatic Corps.
Ex-Presidents.
The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court.

116 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
The Senate ofthe United States, preceded by its officers.
The House of Representatives of the United States, preceded by its
officers.
Governors of the several States and Territories.
Legislatures ofthe several States and Territories.
The Federal Judiciary and the Judiciary of the several States and
Territories.
The Assistant Secretary of State, Treasury, War and Navy, and the
Assistant Postmasters General, and the Assistant
Attorney General.
Officers of the Smithsonian Institution.
The Members and Officers ofthe Sanitary and Christian Commissions.
Corporate Authorities of Washington and other cities.
Delegations of the several States.
The Reverend the Clergy of the various denominations.
The Clerks and Employees of the several Departments and Bureaus,
preceded by the Bands of such Bureaus aud
their respective Chief Clerks.
Such societies as may wish to join the procession.
Citizens and strangers.
The troops designated to form the escort will assemble in the
avenue north of the President's House, and form in line precisely at
eleven o'clock A. M. on Wednesday, the 19th instant, with the left
resting on Fifteenth street.
The procession will move precisely at two o'clock, on the concln
sion of the religious services at the Executive Mansion, appointed to
commence at twelve o'clock, noon, when minute guns will be fired
by detachments of artillery stationed near St. John's Church, the
City Hall, and at the Capitol. At the same hour the bells of the
several churches in Washington, Georgetown and Alexandria will be
tolled. At sunrise on Wednesday, the ]9th instant, a federal salute wiU
be fired from the military stations in the vicinity of Washington,
minute guns between the hours of twelve and three o'clock, and a
national salute at the setting ofthe sun.
The usual badge of mourning will be worn on the left arm and on
the hilt of the sword.
By order of the Secretary of War. W. A. NICHOLS,
Assistant Adjutant General.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Ill

THE FUNERAL AT THE CAPITAL.
As early as 8 o'clock on the morning of the 19th of
April, people began to throng the avenue, and by 11 o'clock
many thousands were assembled in the vicinity of the
departments and the Executive mansion. The avenue,
between Fifteenth and Seventeenth streets, was kept
clear by a strong guard of cavalry, for the purpose of
forming the procession, though many of the societies had
to wait on the side streets for hours. The arrangements
raade by the committee were carried ont with accuracy.
No one was allowed to enter the grounds of the Execu
tive mansion saA^e such as had been provided with tickets,
which included enough, however, to fill the great east
room, where the body lay in state. It was intended that
the attendance upon the funeral serAdces should be of a
highly representative character, and the intention was
carried out with great success.
At about 11 o'clock the various distinguished bodies
and committees began to arrive, and to be ushered into
thefr appropriate positions in the east room. Several
tiers of low seats, or standing places, elevated one above
another, just sufficient to give all a good view, had been
erected on the east side and both ends of the roora, and
all covered with black rausUn. On the west side of the
room, against the door leading to the main corridor, were
placed fifteen chairs, all draped, which were especially
reserved by the arrangement committee for the use of the
press. This grand east room was hung with black every
where. All glitter and gay color, save in the carpet, had
been covered with the emblera of grief. The only relief
frora the mournful shade which met the eye were the
white sUk sashes of the marshals and committees, the

118 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
rich silver ornamentation of the coffin, and the white
japonicas, roses and green leaves, which shed their per
fume as incense over the dead.
The first to enter were the officiating clergymen, Eev.
Dr. HaU, Eector of the Epiphany, Bishop Simpson, of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, Eev. P. D. Gurley, of the
New Tork Avenue Presbyterian Church, the President's
Pastor, and Eev. E. H. Gray, Chaplain of the Senate and
Pastor of the E street Baptist Church. Soon after came
the merchants' coramittee of New Tork, foUowed by the
coramittee of the Union League. They took position on
the platform at the north end of the room. At 11:25 the
Mayor of Washington and the Common CouncU entered,
escorting the committee of the New Tork Common Coun
cU ; also. Mayor Lincoln and a committee from Boston,
and a Uke committee from Philadelphia. Then came the
officers of the Senate and House of Eepresentatives, who
took appropriate positions ; the officers and members of
the Christian and Sanitary Commissions ; the Assistant
Secretaries ; the delegations from Kentucky and IlUnois,
the States of the President's birth and residence, who
were designated as mourners ; Gov. Fenton of New Tork,
Andrew of Massachusetts, Parker of New Jersey, Brough
of Ohio, Oglesby of IlUnois, Buckingham of Connecticut,
and their staffs ; the diplomatic corps in fuU court dress ;
the members of the Senate and House of Eepresentatives ;
Admirals Gregory, Porter, Shubrick, and Goldsborough ;
the Supreme Court in the persons of Chief Justice Chase,
Nelson, Davis, and Swayne ; ex- Vice-President Hamlin ;
the pall-bearers, twenty-two in nuraber, then Grant and
Farragut, arra in arm, Burnside and Hunter, Gen. Dyer
of the Ordnance Department, six lady mourners, the
only ladies present, save one or two of the nurses of the

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 119
household, Mrs. Stanton, Mrs. Usher, Mrs. WeUes, Mrs.
Dennison, Mrs. Sprague, and Miss Nettie Chase.
At 12 o'clock President Johnson, escorted by the ven
erable Preston King and the members of the Cabinet,
entered and took their places on the right of the coffin.
Private Secretaries Nicolay and Hay, and Capt. Eobert
Lincoln, the President's oldest son, and only member of
the famUy present, then Gen. Todd, of Dakotah, and
relatives of the fanrUy, who were seated near the foot of
the catafalque.
The room was now fuU. The attendants upon the cere
monies had all arrived, and the scene was of a very im
posing character.
At ten minutes past 12, Eev. Mr. Hall opened the ser
vices by reading from the Episcopal burial service as
foUows :
" ' I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord ; he
that beUeveth in me, though he were dead, yet shaU he
Uve ; and whosoever Uveth and beUeveth in me shaU
never die.' — John xi., 25, 26.
" ' I know that my Eedeemer Uveth, and that He shaU
stand at the latter day upon the earth, and though after
my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my fiesh shall I
see God, whom I shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall
behold, and not another.' — Job. xix., 25, 26, 27.
" We brought nothing into this world, and it is certain
we can carry nothing out. ' The Lord gave and the Lord
hath taken away. Blessed be the name of the Lord.' —
LTUn. VL, 6; Job. i., 21.
"Lord, let me know my end and the number of my
days, that I may be certified how long I have to live.
Behold Thou hast made my days as it were but a span
long, and mine age is CA'en as nothing in respect of Thee.

120 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
And verUy every man living is altogether vanity; for
man walketh in a vain shadow, and disquieteth himself
in vain. He heapeth up riches, and cannot tell who shaU
gather thera. And now. Lord, what is my hope 1 Tmly
my hope is ever in Thee ; deliver me from aU my offences,
and make me not a rebuke unto the foolish. When Thou,
with rebukes, doth chasten man for sin. Thou makest his
beauty to consume away, like as it were a moth fretting
a garment. Every man is, therefore, but vanity. Hear
my prayer, O Lord, and with Thine ears consider my
calling. Hold not Thy peace at my tears, for I am a
stranger with Thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers
were. O, spare me a little, that I may recover my
strength before I go hence and be no more seen. Lord,
Thou hast been our refuge from one generation to another.
Before the mountains were brought forth or even the
earth and the world were made, thou art God from ever
lasting and world without end. Thou turnest man to de
struction ; again thou sayest, come again, ye children of
men, for a thousand years in thy sight are but as yester
day, seeing that it is past as a watch in the night. As
soon as thou scatterest them, they are even as sheep and
fade away suddenly like the grass. In the morning it is
green and groweth up, but in the evening it is cut down,
dried up and withered. For we consume away in Thy
displeasure, and are afraid at Thy wrathful indignation.
Thou hast set our misdeeds before Thee, and our secret
sins in the light of Thy countenance ; for when Thou art
angry aU our days are gone. We bring our years to an
end as it were a tale that is told. The days of our age
are threescore years and ten, and though men be so strong
that they come to fourscore years, yet is their strength
then but labor and sorrow, so soon passeth it away, and
we are gone. So teach ns to number our days that we

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Il'I
may apply our hearts unto wisdom. Glory be to the
Father and to the Son and to the Holy Ghost; as it w.ih
in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world witho it
end. Ajnen."
Then was read the lesson from the 15th chapter of VA.
Paul to the Corinthians, beginning with the 20th vers(\
Eight Eev. Bishop Simpson, of the Methodist Episco
pal Church, then offered an affecting prayer, after which
Eev. Dr. Gurley, of the New Tork Avenue Presbyteriiiu
Church, in which the deceased President had worshipped
deUvered the foUowing funeral sermon :
DR. GURLEY'S SERMON.
" As we stand here to-day, mourners around this cofiln
and around the lifeless remains of our beloved Chiof
Magistrate, we recognize and we adore the sovereign ty
of God. His throne is in the heavens, and His kingdom
ruleth over aU. He hath done and He hath permitted io
be done whatsoever He pleased. Clouds and darkne-.s
are round about Him ; righteousness and judgraent aro.
the habitation of His throne. His way is in the sea, and
His path tn the great waters, and His footsteps are n^it
known. Canst thou by searching find out God 1 Can -t
thou find out the Almighty unto perfection'? It is as
high as Heaven — what canst thou do"? Deeper thnii
Hell — what canst thou know 1 The measure thereof is
longer than the earth and broader than the sea. If I [<^
cut off and shut up, or gather together, then who cfiii
hinder Him — for He knoweth vain men. He seeth Ariclc-
edness : also wiU He not then consider it ! We bow lie-
fore His Infinite Majesty — we bow, we weep, we worship.
There reason fails with aU her powers — there faith pro-
vails and love adores. It was a cruel, cruel hand, th.it
6*

122 LINCOLN aiEJiIORIAL.
dark hand of the assassin, which smote our honored
wise, and noble President, and fiUed the land with sor
row. But above and beyond that hand, there is another,
which we must see aud acknowledge. It is the chasten
ing hand of a wise and faithful Father. He gives us
this bitter cup, and the cup that our Father has given us
shall we not drink it 1
God of the just. Thou givest us the cup,
We yield to Thy behest, and drink it up.
" ' Whom the Lord loveth, he chasteneth.' Oh, how
these blessed words have cheered and strengthened and
sustained us through all these long and weary years of
civU strife, while our friends and brothers on so many
ensanguined fields were falling and dying for the cause
of Liberty and Union. Let them cheer and strengthen
and sustain us to-day. True, this new sorrow and chast
ening has come in such an hour and in such a way as we
thought not, and it bears the impress of a rod that is
very heavy, of mystery that is very deep, that such a life
should be sacrificed at such a time, by such a foul and
diaboUcal agency ; that the man at the head of the na
tion, whom the people had learned to trust with a con
fiding and loving confidence, and upon whom more than
upon any other were centered, under God, our best hopes
for the trae and speedy pacification of the country, the
restoration of the Union, and the return of harmony and
love — that he should be taken from among us, and taken
just as the prospect of peace was brightly opening upon
our torn and bleeding country, and just as he was begin
ning to be animated and gladdened with the hope of ere
long enjoying with the people the blessed fruit and re
ward of his and their toUs, care and patience, and self-
sacrificing devotion to the interests of Liberty and the
Union. Oh, it is a mysterious and a most afflicting vis-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 123
itation. But it is our Father in Heaven, the God of our
fathers and our God, who permits us to be so suddenly
and sorely sraitten, and we know that His judgments are
right, and that in faithfulness He has afflicted us in the
midst of our rejoipings. We needed this stroke, this
dealing, this discipline, and therefore He has sent it.
Let us remember, our affliction has not come forth, of the
dust, and our trouble has not sprung out of the ground.
Through and beyond aU second causes, let us see the
sovereign permissive agency of the great first cause. It
is his prerogative to bring Ught out of darkness, and
• good out of evU.' Surely the Avrath of man shaU praise
Him, and the remainder of wrath He wiU restrain. In
the light of a clearer day, we may yet see that the wrath
which planned and perpetrated the death of the Presi
dent was overruled by Him whose judgments are un
searchable, and his ways past finding out, for the highest
welfare of aU those interests which are so dear to the
Christian patriot and phUanthropist, and for which a
loyal people have made such an unexampled sacrifice of
treasure and of blood. Let us not be faithless, but be
lieving. ' Blind unbeUef is prone to err and scan His
works in vain. God is His own interpreter, and he wiU
make it plain.' We wUl wait for His interpretation ; and
we wUl wait in faith, nothing doubting. He who has led
us so well,, and defended and prospered us so wonderfully
during the last four years of toil and struggle and sor
row, AriU not forsake us now. He may chasten, but He
AviU not destroy. He may purify more and more in the
furnace of trial, but He will not consume us. No, no.
He has chosen us, as He did his people of old, in the fur
nace of affliction, aud He has said of us, as He said of
them, this people have reformed. For myself they shaU
show forth my praise. Let our principal anxiety now be

124 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
that this new sorrow may be a sanctified sorrow, that it
may lead us to deeper repentance, to a more humbling
sense of our dependence upon God, and to the more un
reserved consecration of ourselves and all that we have
to the cause of truth and justice, of law and order, of
liberty and good governraent, of pure and undefiled re
ligion. Then, though weeping may endure for a night,
joy AvUl corae in the raorning. Blessed be God. Despite
of the great, and sudden, and temporary darkness, the
morning has begun to dawn, the morning of a bright and
glorious day, such as our country has never seen. That
day will come, and not tarry, and the death of a hundred
Presidents and their Cabinets can never, never prevent
it. While we are thus hopeful, however, let us also be
humble. The occasion calls us to prayerful and tearful
humiliation. It demands of us that we lie low, very low,
before Him who has smitten us for our sins.
" O ! that aU our rulers, and all our people, may bow in
the dust to-day beneath the chastening hand of God, and
may thefr voices go up to Hira as one voice, and thefr
hearts go up to Him as one heart, pleading Arith Him for
mercy, for grace to sanctify our great and sore bereave
ment, and for wisdom to guide us in this our tirae of need.
Such a united cry and pleading will not be in vain. It
wUl enter into the ear and heart of Him who sits upon
the throne, and He will say to us, as to His ancients,
' In a little Avrath, I hid my face from thee for a moment,
but with everlasting kindness wiU I have mercy upon thee,
saith the Lord, thy Eedeemer.' I have said that the
people confided in the late lamented President with a fuU
and a loving confidence. Probably no man since the days
of Washington was ever so deeply and firmly imbedded
and enshrined in the very hearts of the people as Abra
ham Lincoln. Nor was it a mistaken confidence and

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 125
love. He deserved it ; deserved it well ; deserved it all.
He merited it by his character, by his acts, and by the
tenor and tone and spirit of his life. He was simple and
sincere, plain and honest, truthful and just, benevolent
and kind. His perceptions were quick and clear, his
judgments were calm and accurate, and his purposes
were good and pure beyond a question, always and every
where. He aimed and endeavored to be right and to do
right. His integrity was thorough, all-pervading, all con
troUing and incorruptible. It was the same in every place
and relation, in the consideration and control of matters
great or small, the same firm and steady principle of power
and beauty, that shed a clear and crowning lustre upon
aU his other excellencies of mind and heart, and recom
mended him to his fellow-citizens as the man who, in a
time of unexampled perU, when the very life of the nation
was at stake, should be chosen to occupy in the country,
and for the country, its highest post of power and respon
sibility. How wisely and well, how purely and faithfiUly,
how firmly and steadily, how justly and successfully, he
did occupy that post and meet its grave demands, in cir-
sumstances of surpassing trial and difficulty, is known to
you aU — known to the country and the world ; he com
prehended from the first the perils to which treason had
exposed the freest and best government on the earth — the
vast interests of liberty and humanity that were to be
saA-ed or lost forever in the urgent impending confiict.
He rose to the dignity and momentousness of the occasion,
saw his duty as the Chief Magistrate of a great and im
periled people, and he determined to do his duty, and his
whole duty, seeking the guidance and leaning upon the
arm of Him of whom it is written — He giveth power to
the faint, and to them that have no might. He increaseth
the strength. Tes, he leaned upon His arm. He recog-

126 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
nized and received the tiuth that the kingdom is the
Lord's, and He is the governor among tlie nations. He
remembered that God is in history, and he felt that no
where had His hand and his mercy been so marvelously
conspicuous as in the history of this nation. He hoped
and he prayed that that same hand would continue to
guide us, and that same raercy continue to abound to us
in the time of our greatest need. I speak what I know
and testify what I have often heard him say, when I affirm
that guidance and mercy were the props on which,, he
humbly and habituaUy leaned. That they were the best
hope he had for himself and for his country. Hence
when he was leaving home in lUinois, and coming to this
city to take his seat in the Executive Chafr of a disturbed
and troubled nation, he said to the old and tried friends who
gathered tearfully around him, and bade him fareweU.
I leave you with this request — pray for me. They did
pray for him, and millions of others prayed for hira. Nor
did they pray in vain. Their prayers were heard, and the
answer appears in all his . subsequent history. It shines
forth with a heavenly radiance in the whole course and
tenor of his administration frora its commenceraent to its
close. God raised him up for a great and glorious mis
sion, furnished him for his work, and aided him in its ac-
compUshment. Nor was it merely by strength of mind
and honesty of heart and purity and pertinacity of pur
pose, that He furnished him. In addition to these things
He gave him a calra and abiding confidence in the over
ruling providence of God, and in the ultiraate triumph of
truth and righteousness through the power and the bless
ing of God. This confidence strengthened him in all his
hours of anxiety and toil, and inspfred him with calm and
cheering hope when others were incUned to despondency
and gloom.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 127
" Never shall I forget the emotion with which he said
in this very room to a corapany of clergyraen and others
who called to pay hira thefr respects in the darkest day
of our civU coniUct : ' Gentlemen, my hope of success in
this great and terrible struggle rests on that immutable
foundation, the justice and goodness of God, and Avhen
events are very threatening and prospects very dark, I
stUl hope that in some way which man cannot see, aU wUl
be well in the end, because our cause is just and God is
on our side.' Such was his subUme and holy fai^h, /^nd
it was an anchor, to his soul both sure and steadfast. It
made him firm and strong. It emboldened him in the
pathway of duty, however rugged and perUous it might
be. It made him vaUant for the right, for the cause of
God and humanity, and it held him in steady, patient and
unswerving adherence to a policy of administration which
he thought, and which we aU now think, both God and
humanity required him to adopt. We admired and loved
him on many accounts, for strong and various reasons.
We admfred his chUd-like simplicity ; his freedom frora
guUe and deceit ; his staunch and sterUng integrity ; his
kind and forgiving temper ; his industry and patience ;
his persistent, self-sacrificing devotion to all the duties of
his eminent position, from the least to the greatest ; his
readiness to hear and consider the cause of the poor and
humble, suffering and oppressed ; his charity ; his inflexi
ble purpose, that what freedom had gained in our terrible
civil strife should never be lost, and that the end of the
war should be the end of slavery, and as a consequence of
rebeUion ; his readiness to spend and be spent for the
attainment of such a triumph — a triumph, the blessed
fruits of which should be as wide-spreading as the earth,
and as enduring as the sun. AU these things command
ed and fixed our admiration, and the admiration of the

128 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
world, and stamped upon his character and life the un
mistakable impress of greatness. But more sublime than
any and all of these, more holy and infiuential, more
beautiful and strong aud sustaining was his abiding con
fidence in God, and in the final triumph of ti'uth and
righteousness through Him and for His sake. This was
his noblest vfrtue, his grandest principle, the secret alike
of his strength, his patience and his success. This, it
seems to me, after being near him steadily and with him
often for more than four years, is the principle by which
more than by any other, he being dead, yet speaketh.
Tes, by his steady, enduring confidence in God, and in
the complete ultimate success of the cause of God, which
is the cause of humanity, more than in any other way,
does he now speak to us and to the nation he loved and
served so well. By this he speaks to his successor in
office, and charges him to have faith in God. By this he
speaks to the members of his Cabinet, the men with
whom he counseled so often and associated with so long,
and he charges them to have faith iu God. By this he
speaks to all who occupy positions of infiuence and au
thority in these sad and tumultuous times, and he charges
them aU to have faith in God. By this he speaks to this
great people as they sit in sackcloth to-day, and weep for
him with a bitter wailing, and refuse to be coraforted, and
he charges them to have faith in God ; and by this he will
speak through the ages, and to all rulers and people in
every land, and His message to them Arill be. Cling to
liberty and right, battle for them, bleed for them, die for
them if need be, and have confidence in God. O, that
the voice of this testimony may sink down into our hearts
to-day and every day, and into the hearts of the nation,
and exert appropriate influence upon our feelings, our
faith, our patience and our devotion to the cause, now

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 129
dearer to us than ever before, because consecrated by the
blood of its conspicuous defender, its truest and raost
fondly-trusted friend.
" He is dead ! But the God in whom he trusted lives,
and He can guide and strengthen his successor as He
guided and strengthened hira. He is dead! But the
raeraory of his vfrtues ; of his wise and patriotic counsels
and labors ; of his calm and steady faith in God, lives as
precious, and will be a power for good in the country
quite down to the end of time. He is dead ! But the
cause he so ardently loved ; so ably, patiently, toward
those who questioned the correctness of his opinions and
the Arisdom of his policy ; his wonderful skUl in recon-
cUing differences among the friends of the Union, leading
thera away from abstractions and inducing them to Avork
together, and harmoniously, for the common weal ; his
true and enlarged philanthropy, that knew no distinction
of color or race, but regarded all raen as brethren, and
endowed aUke by their creator with certain inalienable
rights, amongst which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness ; faithfully represented and defended, not for
hiraself only, not for us only, but for all people in all
thefr coming generations tUl time shall be no more. That
cause survives his faU and will survive it. The light
of its brightening prospects fiashes cheeringly to-day
athwart the gloom occasioned by his death, and the lan
guage of God's united providences is teUing us that,
though the friends of liberty die, liberty itself is immor
tal. There is no assassin strong enough and no weapon
deadly enough to quench its inexhaustible life, or arrest
its onward march to the conquest and empire of the
world. This is our confidence and this is our consolation,
as we weep and mourn to-day ; though our beloved Presi
dent is slain, our beloved country is saved ; and so we
7

130 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
sing of mercy as well as of judgment. Tears of gratitude
mingle with those of sorrow, while there is also the dawn
ing of a brighter, happier day upon our stricken and
weary land.
" God be praised that our fallen chief lived long enough
to see the day dawn, and the day-star of joy and peace
arise upon the nation. He saw it and was glad. Alas !
alas ! He only saw the daAvn jvhen the sun has risen,
full-orbed and glorious, and a happy, reunited people are
rejoicing in its light. It will shine upon his grave, but
that grave will be a precious and a consecrated spot.
The friends of Liberty and of the Union wUl repafr to it
in years and ages to come, to pronounce the memory of
its occupant blessed, and, gathering from his very ashes,
and from the rehearsal of his deeds and vfrtues, fresh in
centives to patriotism, they Arill there renew thefr vows
of fidelity to their country and their God.
" And now I know not that I can more appropriately
conclude this discourse, which is but a sincere and siraple
utterance of the heart, than by addressing to our depart
ed President, with some slight modification, the language
which Tacitus, in his life of Agricola, addresses to his
Acnerable and departed father-in-law: 'With you we
may now congratulate. Tou are blessed not only be
cause your life was a career of glory, but because you
were released when your country was safe, it was happi
ness to die. We have lost a parent, and in our distress
it is now an addition to our heartfelt sorrow that we had
it not in our power to commune Arith you on the bed of
languishing and receive your lasting embrace. Tour
dying words would have been ever dear to us. Tour
commands we should have treasured up, and graven them
on our hearts. This sad comfort we have lost, and the
wound, for that reason, pierces deeper. From the world

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 131
of spirits behold your disconsolate family and people.
Exalt our minds frora fond regret and unavailing grief to
the contemplation of your virtues. Those we must not
lament. It were impiety to suUy them with a tear. To
cherish thefr meraory, to embalm them Arith our praises,
and so far as we can to eraulate your bright example, avUI
be the truest mark of our respect, the best tribute we can
offer. Tour vrife wUl thus preserve the memory of the
best of husbands ; and thus your chUdren AviU prove their
fiUal piety ; by dwelling constantly on your works and
actions, they will have an iUustrious character before
thefr eyes ; and not content Arith the bare iraage of your
mortal frame, they will have what is more valuable — the
form and features of your mind. Busts and statues, like
thefr originals, are fraU and perishable. The soul is
formed of finer elements, and its inward form is not to
be expressed by the hand of an artist. With unconscious
raatter our raanners and our morals may, in sorae degree,
trace the resemblance. AU of you that gained onr love
and raised our admfration still subsist, and avUI ever sub
sist, preserved in the minds of men, the register of ages ;
and the records of fame of others who figured on the
stage of life, and were the worthiest of a former day, avUI
sink for want of a faithful historian into the coramon lot
of oblivion, inglorious and unremembered. But you, our
laraented friend and head, delineated with truth and
fairly consigned to posterity, wUl surAdve yourself and
tiiumph over the injuries of time."
Eev. E. H. Gray, D.D., pastor of the E-street Baptist
Church, closed the solemn services Arith prayer.
At the conclusion of this sermon the corpse was removed
to the hearse, which was in front of the Executive Man
sion, and at 2 o'clock the procession was formed. It took

132 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
the line of Pennsylvania-avenue. The streets were kept
clear of aU encumbrances, but the sidewalks were densely
lined with people from the White House to the Capitol, a
distance of a mUe and a half. The roofs, porticos, Avin
dows and all elevated points wei e occupied by interested
spectators. As the procession started minute guns were
fired near St. John's Church, the City HaU and the Capi
tol. The beUs of all the churches in the city and of the
various engine-houses were tolled.
Ffrst in the order of procession was a detachment of
colored troops, then followed white regiments of infantry
and bodies of artiUery and cavafry, navy, marine and
army officers on foot ; the paU-bearers in carriages next ;
the hearse, draAvn by six white horses — ^the coffin pronu-
nent to every beholder. The floor on which it rested was
strcAvn Arith evergreens, and the coffin covered vrith white
flowers. Then foUowed physicians of the late President,
then the grand hearse and the guard of honor and the
paU-bearers, Capt. Egbert Lincoln and Uttle Tad, the
President's favorite son, in a carriage, and Tommy behind.
Mrs. Lincoln was not present at either the ceremony or
in the procession, illness preventing. The mourners, the
delegations from Illinois and Kentucky, came next in
order, and then President Johnson in a carriage, with
Hon. Preston King and the Cabinet Ministers. The
carriages on this part of the line were flanked by a strong
cavafry guard, with draAvn sabers. Then came carriages
Arith the Diplomatic Corps, Judges, Senators and others ;
then raerabers of the House of Eepresentatives on foot ;
the officers of the House ; the New Tork delegation ; the
Massachusetts delegation, delegations from other States,
Masons, Knight Templars, Perseverance Fire Corapany
of Philadelphia, CathoUc clergy, nine delegations, depart
ment clerks two thousand strong. Gen. Meigs and staff

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 133
and the Quartermasters departraent brigade, a regiinent
of Fenians, the Treasury regiinent. Gen. McCallum and
staff, and a brigade of the employes of the United States
mUitary raUroads, aU wearing an appropriate badge.
Next a large delegation from Alexandria, with a car on
which was painted, "Alexandria mourns the national
loss." Then foUowed one of the saddest scenes in the
entire column, a battalion of scarred and maimed veter
ans, Arith bandaged limbs and heads, with an arra or leg
gone, but hobbling along on crutches, determined that
thefr homage to thefr chief should be as sincere as that of
thefr companions. Then more firemen and Sons of Tera
perance, Arith a battalion of soldiers, in full regalia of
the Sons; then Coloied Benevolent Associations Arith
thefr banners draped and their walk and mein the very
impersonation of sorrow.
The procession was almost two hours in passing a given
point, and the head of it had begun to disperse at the
Capitol before the rear of the column had passed beyond
the Treasury Department.
On the arrival at the eastern gate of the Capitol, the
remains were conveyed into the rotunda, where a cata
falque like that in the Executive Mansion had been erected
to receive them. Here the attendants asserabled, and
amid profound sUence Eev. Dr. Gurley read the burial
service. The vast assemblage then began to disperse. During
the entfre aftemoon the beUs in the city and in George
town and Alexandria were toUed, and minute guns flred
from the fortiflcations.
Eeraarking upon the solemn scenes of the day, the
New Yorli Times said: "In point of sad sublimity and
moral grandeur, the spectacle was the most impressive
ever witnessed in the national capital. The unanimity

134 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
and depth of feeUng, the decorum, good order, and cora
plete success of all the arrangements, and the solemn
dignity which pervaded aU classes, Arill mark the obse
quies of Abraham Lincoln as the greatest pageant ever
tendered to the honored dead on this continent. The day
has been delightfully warm and pleasant, and thus con
tributed to swell the throng of spectators, which was by
far the greatest that ever filled the streets of the city."
WhUe this solemn spectacle impressed the people of the
National Capital, simUar spectacles were Aritnessed and
participated in by the people of a very large majority of
all the vUlages, towns, and cities of the Nation, and there
was heartfelt mourning in a majority of the horaes of our
land. LYING in state IN THB CAPITOL.
When the remains of Mr. Lincoln were placed upon the
catafalque in the rotunda of the Capitol, Major General
Meigs, Quartermaster General, had control of the military
arrangements for their protection until they were taken
in charge by the guard of honor detailed for that duty,
composed of the foUowing ARMY OFFICERS.
Brig. Gen. John P. Slough, Brevet Brig. Gen. William
Gamble, commanding 1st separate brigade, 22d Army
Corps, Fairfax Court House, Capt. E. C. Gale, A. A. G.,
Surgeon F. W. Mead, Surgeon Hard, Capt. Wickersham,
A. A. G., Capt. H. C. Lawrence, A. Q. M., Capt. Brown,
A. A. G.,Lieut. Gamble, A.D.C., Lieut. Pearson, A. D.C,
and Lieut. More, A. D. C.
NAVAL OFFICERS.
Lieut. Com'g Edward E. Stone, Monitor Montauk, Lieut.
Com'g A. Ward Weaver, Monitor Mahopac, Lieut. N. H.
Parquahar, Lieut. A. E. McNafr, Lieut. B. F. Day, and
Lieut. E. M. Shepard.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 135
A detachment of the Twenty-Fourth Eegiment Veteraii
Eeserves was placed upon guard duty at the entrance of
the rotunda and at the gates of the Capitol.
As soon as the doors were thrown open ou the morning
of the 20th, the throng of visitors began to press forward .
-All were requfred to enter at the raain eastern entrance,
and, passing in two lines on either side of the catafalque, t< >
go out at the western door of the rotuuda. None were
permitted to Unger. A strong guard was placed across
the lower steps of the eastern entrance, aud a line of
guards in close order on either side marked the avemio
left for the people who desired to pass iu. About ten
o'clock a heavy rain storm partially checked the crowd ;
but, notwithstanding the rain, the procession of saddened
faces came pressing forward at the rate of three thousan : I
persons per hour.
The catafalque was better arranged to afford a view of
the features of the honoreddeadthanat the White Hous.'.
The features were Uttle changed.
The rotunda, which was lighted only by a sort of twi
light hue, was flUed with solemn stillness, unbroken saA o
by the rustUng of the dresses of the female mourners, an 1
occasionaUy a deep sigh from some of those passing tl;("
coffin. At six o'clock the doors of the Caiiitol were closed 1 o
visitors, and the officers who had been on duty duriug the
day as a guard of honor over' the remains, Avere relieved
by Brigadier General James A. Hall aud staft^ — Captain
Edwin H. Nevin, Jr., Lieut. Terrence Eiley, and Brigadi-. r
General J. A. Ekiu and staff, Maj. D. C. Welch and Capt.
Charles Powers.

i;!G LINCOLN MEMORIAL.

THE JOUENET FEOM WASHINGTON TO SPEING-
FIELD AS PEESIDENT MAETTEED, 1865.
DEPARTURE FROM WASHINGTON.
At about six o'clock on the morning of April 21st, the
members of the Cabinet and other distinguished individ
uals who had been invited to be present, or who had acted
HS pall bearers, assembled in the rotunda, and the Eev.
Dr. Gurley offered a brief prayer,, which, was the only
ceremony at the Capitol. At the conclusion of the prayer,
at twenty minutes before seven o'clock, the coffin was
tnken from the catafalquehj twelve orderly sergeants, and
placed in the hearse, which was in waiting to receive it
ill front of the Capitol. The procession was then formed,
and escorted the remains to the depot of the Baltimore
and Ohio Eailroad Company, on New Jersey avenue,
where the funeral ti ain had been prepared for their recep
tion and that of the party which had been invited to ac
company them to their final resting place. In the ad
vance of the procession marched a detail of two hundred
raen of the Veteran Eeserve Corps, under command of
Lieuenant-Colonel T. M. Bell ; foUowing them came the
hearse with the coffin, beside which were a guard of honor
composed of a detail of twelve orderly sergeants frora the
Veteran Eeserve Corps, under the immediate command of
Captain J. M. McCamley of the Ninth, and Lieutenants
J. E. Durkee, of the Seventh, E. Hopy, of the Twelfth,
and E. Murphey, of tlie Tenth Eegiment Veteran Eeserve
Corps. Immediately following the hearse, on foot, came
Lieutenant General Grant, Brigadier General Hardie,
Brigadier Generals Barnard, Eucker, Ekin, Howe, Eaton,
Townsend and McCaUum, and Major Generals Hunter

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 137
and Meigs, Admiral Davis and Capt. W. E. Taylor, of the
navy, and Major Field, of the marine corps. Following
them were several carriages, in which were Secretaries
Stanton, Welles and McCuUoch ; Postmaster General Den
nison and Attorney General Speed ; Major B. B. French,
Comraissioner of Public Buildings ; Commissioner Dole,
of the Indian Bureau ; Holloway, of the Patent Bureau ;
Captain Newman, of the Capitol Police ; Governor Ogles
by, Senator Tates and ex-Senator BroAvning, of Illinois ;
the IlUnois delegation, which takes charge of the remains
on behalf of that State, and a number of other Senators
and members of Congxess. President Johnson's carriage
was also in the procession, accompanied by the Presi
dent's body guard, mounted, which closed the procession.
Notwithstanding the early hour, and inclement weather,
a large number of citizens had collected for the purpose
of rendering a last mark of respect to the mortal remains
of one whom they had loved and reverenced as the sec
ond Father of his Country, The assemblage increased in
numbers very rapidly during the raarch frora the Capitol
to the depot, until on its arrival at the depot thousands
were assembled. The space immediately in front of the
depot was cleared by the military ; the detachment of the
Veteran Eeserves, which escorted the remains, was drawn
up fronting the main entrance and the line covering the
entfre front, while the guards kept back all but those who
immediately assisted in the demonstration, or those who
were actuaUy intending to take passage in the half-past
seven A. M. train.
The coffin was carried into the depot, followed by the
distinguished gentlemen, civil and military, before men
tioned, and deposited in the car which had been prepared
for its reception. At the door of this car the Eev. Dr.
Gurley again briefly addressed the God of the living and

138 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
the dead in a solemn and appropriate prayer. Ten min
utes before eight o'clock a pUot engine was started to as
certain that the track was clear, and at precisely eight
o'clock the funeral train was put in motion.
The military escort remained in line in front of the depot
until the train started, and as it comraenced to raove pre
sented arras, as a last token of respect. As the train
raoved off by the Soldiers' Eest, which is imraediately in
the rear of the depot, the Eighth Eegiment United States
colored artillery, were drawn up in line and presented
arms untU it had passed.
The remains of Uttle Willie Lincoln, who died in the
White House, December 21st, 1862, at the age of twelve
years, was placed in the interior of the hearse car, imme
diately in front of those of his father. Mrs. Lincoln re
quested that no display be made of her son's remains, but
that they might be privately removed to Springfield.
THE GUARD OF HONOR.
The following is a list of the gentlemen prominent in
civU and military life, officially appointed to accorapany
the Funeral Train :
RELATIVES AND FAMILY FKIENDS.
Judge David Davis, United States Suprerae Court.
C, M, Smith and N, M. Edwards, brothers-in-law of
Mrs. Lincoln.
General John B. S. Todd, cousin to Mrs. Lincoln.
Charles Alexander {Smith, brother of C. M, Smith.
GUAKD OP HONCE.
Major General David Hunter,
Brigadier General E. D. ToAvnsend.
Brigadier General Charles Thomas.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 139
Brigadier General A, D. Eaton,
Brevet Major General J. G. Barnard,
Brigadier General G. D. Eamsey.
Brigadier General A, P. Howe.
Brigadier General D, C. McCaUum.
Brigadier General J, C. Caldwell.
Eear Admfral C, H. Davis, United States Navy,
Captain Wra. E, Taylor, United States Navy,
Major T. H, Field, United States Marine Corps.
GENTLEMEN ON DUTY.
The following named gentlemen accompanied the train
in an official capacity :
Captain Charles Penrose, Quartermaster and Commis
sary of Subsistence of the entfre party.
Ward H. Lamon, Marshal of the District of Columbia.
Dr. Charles B, Brown, Embalmer,
Frank T, Sands, Undertaker,
MEMBERS OP CONGRESS ACCOMPANYING THE REMAINS.
The foUowing members of the Senate and House of
Eepresentatives had been specially invited to accom
pany the remains to Springfield :
Mr. Pike, Maine, Mr. Julian, Indiana.
Mr. Eollins, N. Harapshfre. Mr. Eamsay, Minnesota,
Mr, Baxter, Vermont. Mr. T. W. Terry, Michigan.
Mr. Hooper, Massachusetts. Mr. Harlan, Iowa.
Mr. Dexter, Connecticut. Mr. Tates, Illinois,
Mr, Anthony, E. Island. Mr. Washburne, Illinois.
Mr, Harris, New Tork, Mr. Farns?vorth, Illinois.
Mr. Cowan, Pennsylvania. Mr. Arnold, Illinois.
Mr. Schenck, Ohio. Mr. Shannon, California.
Mr. Smith, Kentucky. Mr. WiUiams, Oregon.

140 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Mr. Clarke, Kansas, Mr, Phelps, Maryland.
Mr, Whaley, West Virginia, Geo. T. Brown, Sergeant-at-
Mr. Nye, Nevada. Arms of the Senate,
Mr. Hitchcock, Nebraska, N, G, Ordway, Sergeant-at-
Mr, Bradford, Colorado. Arms ofthe House of Eep-
Mr, Wallace, Idaho. resentatives,
Mr. NeweU, New Jersey,
THB DELEGATES PROM ILLINOIS.
The following are the names of the delegates from IlU
nois appointed to accompany the remains to their last
resting place :
Gov. Eichard J. Oglesby, Hon. Thomas A, Haine.
Gen, Isham N, Haguie, Ad- Hon. John Wentworth,
jutant General Illinois, Hon, S, S. Hayes,
Col, Jas, H, Bowen, A,D,C, Col, E, M, Hough,
Col. M, H, Hanna, A,D,C, Hon. S. W, FuUer,
Col. D, B, James, A,D, C, Capt. J, B, Turner,
Maj, S. Waite, A. D. C. Hon. J. Lawson.
Col. D, L. PhiUips, U, States'^on, C, L, Woodman,
Marshal of the District of Hon, G, W. Gage,
lUinois, A, D, C, G, H. Eoberts, Esq.
Hon. Jesse K. Dubois. J, Connisky, Esq.
Hon. T, J, Stuart. Hon, L. Talcott,
Col. John WiUiams, Hon, J, S, Fredenburg,
Dr. S, H, Melvin. Hon, Thomas J, Dennis,
Hon, S. M, CuUom. Lieut, Gov, William Bross,
Gen. John A, McClernand, Hon, Francis E. Sherman,
Hon, Lyman Trumbull, Mayor of Chicago,
GOVERNORS OP STATES.
Governor O, P. Morton, of Indiana; Governor John
Brough, of Ohio ; Governor WiUiam Stone, of Iowa, to
gether with their aides.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL,

141

THE VETERAN RESERVE GUARD.
The Veteran Eeserve guard consisted of —
Captain J, McCamby, 9th Veteran Eeserve Corps,
Ffrst Lieut, J. E, Durkee, 7th " " "
Second Lieut. E, Murphy, 10th " " "
Second Lieut, E. Hoppy, 12th " " "
Ffrst Sergt, 0, Swtnehart, Co, D, 7th V, E, C,
J, E, Edwards, E, 9th Veteran Eeserve Corps,
S, Carpenter, K, 7th " "
" A, C, CromweU, I, 7th
J, F, Nelson, A, 9th
L, E, Bulock, E, 9th
P, CaUaghan, H, 9th
A, K, MarshaU, K, 9th
W, T, Daly, A, 10th
J, CoUins, D, 10th
W. H, Durgm, F, 10th
Frank Smith, C, 10th
G, B. Goodrich, A, 12th
A, E. Carr, D, 12th
F, Carey, E, 12th
W, H, Noble, G, 12th
J, Karr, D, 14th
J, P, Smith, 1, 14th
J, Hanna, B, 14th "
F. D. Forehand, 18th
J. M, SedgArick, 18th
E, W. LcAris, 18th "
J, P. Berry, A, 24th
W, H, Wiseman, E, 24th "
J, M, Pardun, K, 24th " "
Ofthe escort that accompanied Mr. Lincoln frora Spring
field to Washington, but three left Washington with the

142 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
remains — Judge David Davis, of Illinois, Major-General
David Hunter, and Ward H, Lamon,
THE FUNERAL TRAIN,
The funeral train consisted of nine cars, eight of thera
furnished in succession by the chief raUways over which
the remains were transported. The ninth car, containing
the body, was the " President's car," built for the con
venience of the President and other government officers
in traveling over the United States MUitary Eaifroads.
This contained a parlor, sitting room, and sleeping apart
ment. It had been richly draped in mourning within
and Arithout, the heavy black drapery being relieved with
white and black rosettes, and sUver fringes and tassels.
The windows were draped with black curtains, and the
entire furniture shrouded in black, A plain stand cov
ered with black cloth, was placed in the car, at one end,
and on this the remains of the President rested. On a
similar stand, at the other end of the car, was the coffin
holding the remains of WiUie Lincoln. The funeral car
was in charge of Mr. John McNaughton, United States
Military Eailroad.
The other cars of the train were new and elegant, and
tastefully draped in mourning. The locomotive was also
heavUy draped,
Brigadier-General McCallum had charge of the gen
eral arrangements for the running of the train,
A pUot engine, furnished by the several railway com
panies on the route, preceded the train over each Une of
the roads traversed. obsequies at BALTIMORE,
The funeral train ran from Washington to Baltimore
without stopping, except at AnnapoUs Junction, where
Gov, Bradford joined the raournful procession, Baltimore
was reached at ten o'clock. A heavy rain fell, yet vrith

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 143
unanimity, in that city never equaled, the citizens testified
their high regard for the honored dead in every express
ive mode. Work was suspended ; the hum of traffic was
hushed ; all turned aside from their usual avocations to
unite in the observance of the day, and in paying rever
ence to the great departed. Before daylight had fairly
broken through the mist, the streets were thronged with
citizens, hastening to the different localities assigned for
the assemblage ofthe diffeient clubs and associations, to
join the procession. In spite of the inclement weather,
people of all ages and both sexes, white and black, gath-
e red about the Camden station of the Baltimore and
Ohio EaUroad, where tiie funeral cortege arrived frora
Washington, By eight o'clock the crowd was so great
that it was almost impossible to move on any of the foot-
walks surrounding the depot buildings.
The depot buildings, engines, &c., were tastefully
draped. Every arrangement had been made in this
department by the Master of Transportation, WiUiam
Prescott Sinith, Esq., to insure no delay or interruption
in the proceedings, Lieut.-Gov, Cox, Arith a portion of
the Governor's staff. General Berry and staff, Hon,
WUliam B, HiU, Secretary of the State, Hon. Eobert
Fowler, the State Treasurer, with other officials of the
State government. Mayor Chapman, the City Council of
Baltimore, Arith the heads of departments of the city
government. General WaUace, Brigadier-General Tyler,
Comraodore Downin, and many other officers of the army
and navy, were assembled to receive the remains and
escort thera to the Exchange buUding, where they were
to lie in state.
When the car bearing the body reached the depot, in
charge of General McCallum and John W, Garrett, the
coffin was removed by a guard of sergeants of the InvaUd
corps, and, surrounded by uncovered heads and saddened

144 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
hearts, was escorted through the depot buUdings by the
State and city authorities to the hearse awaiting its
reception on Camden street. The body of this hearse
was alraost entirely coraposed of plate glass, which
enabled the vast crowd on the line of the procession to
have a full view of the coffin. The supports of the top
were draped with black cloth and white silk, and the top
of the car itself was handsomely decorated with black
plumes. It was drawn by four black horses. Owing to
the presence of large detachments of the army in the
Monumental City, the railitary escort was exceedingly
imposing. The various commands were thoroughly equip
ped. The entire column was under command of Brigadier
General H, H, Lockwood, attended by his staff. It formed
a line on Eutaw street, the right resting on Conway
street, and raoved in reverse order a few minutes after
ten o'clock. The rear of the escort was brought up by a
large number of officers of various departments, includ
ing medical and other branches, all mounted. Among
these were Major-General Lew WaUace and staff. Surgeon
Josiah Simpson, Medical Director, General B. B, Tyler,
Brig,-General D. E. Kenly, and Colonel S. M, BoAvman,
A few moments before one o'clock, the head of the
procession arrived at the southern front of the Exchange.
As the head of the miUtary escort reached Calvert street
the column was halted, and the hearse, with its guard of
honor, passed between the lines, the troops presenting
arms, and the bands of music wailing out the plaintive
tune, " Peace, Troubled Soul." The general officers dis
mounted and formed, with thefr staffs, on either side of
the approach from the gate to the main entrance of the
Exchange, The remains were then removed from the
funeral car and carried slowly and reverently into the
buUding, and placed on a catafalque prepared for them.
After they had been properly placed and the covering

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 145
removed, the officers present passed slowly forward, on
either side of the body. The civic part of the procession
followed, and the general public was then admitted.
The catafalque was erected immediately beneath the
dome. It consisted of a raised dais, eleven feet by four
at the base, the sides sloping slightly to the height of
about three feet. From the four corners rose graceful
columns, supporting a cornice extending beyond the Une
of the base. The canopy rose to a point fourteen feet
from the ground, and terminated in clusters of black
plumes. The whole structure was richly draped. The
floor and sides of the dais were covered with black cloth,
and the canopy was formed of black crape, the rich folds
drooping from the four corners and bordered with silver
fringe. The cornice was adorned with sih^er stars, whUe
the sides and ends were simUarly ornamented. The inte
rior of the canopy was of black cloth, gathered in fluted
folds. In the central point was a large star of black
velvet, studded with thirty-six stars — one for each State
in the Union, The floor of the dais on which the body _
of the iUustrious martyred patriot rested, was bordered
with evergreens and a wreath of spiral azaleas, caUa lilies,
and other choice flowers.
But a small portion of the throng in attendance were
able to obtain a view of the remains. At about half-past
two o'clock, to the regret of thousands, the coffin was
closed, and, escorted by the guard of honor, was removed
to the hearse. The procession then re-formed and took
up its mournful march to the depot of the Northern Cen
tral Eailway Company, BALTIMORE TO HARRISBURG,
The funeral train from Baltimore to Harrisburg was
under the immediate charge of the Superintendent

140 LINCOLN MEMORIAIv.
of the Northern Central EaUway, Mr, Du Barry, At
every point along the entire route significant tokens of
sorrow and respect were manifested by large concourses
of people. At the Pennsylvania State Line, Gov, Curtin
met the train, accompanied by his staff, consisting of
Adjutant-General EusseU, Quartermaster- General Eey
nolds, Inspector-General Lemuel Todd, Surgeon-General
James A, Phillips, and Colonels E. B, Eoberts, S, B.
Thomas, Frank Jordan and John A. Wright, Governor
Curtin was received by Governor Bradford, who was in
the front car with his staff, consisting of Adjutant-Gen
eral Berry, General Edward Shriver and Lieutenant-
Colonels Thomas J, Morris, Henry Tyson and A, J. Eidge-
ley. General Cadwalader, commanding the Department
of Pennsylvania, accompanied Governor Curtin, The
General's staff consisted of Major W, McMichael, A,D, C,
and Captain L, Howard.
At Tork, a scene worthy of special record occurred.
The ladies of that city asked perraission to lay on the
President's coffin a wreath of flowers, Asst. Adjt.-Gen,
Townsend, of the United States Army, granted the re
quest, Avith a modification that six ladies might perform
the service. During the performance of a dfrge by an
instrumental band the flowers were brought forth and
carried in procession to the funeral car, while the beUs
tolled, and aU the men stood uncovered. The ladies —
namely, Mrs, Samuel Smalley, Mrs, Henry E, MUes, Mrs,
David E, Smalley, Miss Plover, Miss Louisa Ducks, Miss
Susan Smalley and Miss Jane Lattimore — entered the
car, three on each side of the coffin ; and the wreath
having been handed to them they placed it in the centre
of the coffin and then retired, those who witnessed the
scene bitterly weeping. The beUs continued to toU and
the band to sound its mournful strains, Tbe wreath was

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 147
very large, about three feet in circumference. The outer
cfrcle was of roses, and alternate paraUel Unes were com
posed of white and red flowers of the choicest descrip
tion. The hand of affection could not have contributed
a more choice and delicate tribute to departed worth,
HARRISBURG.
The obsequies at the Capital of Pennsylvania were after
night. The funeral train arrived at eight o'clock. In
despite of a severe rain storm the streets were densely
thronged. A large mUitary escort, accompanied by an
immense procession of the people, followed the Presi
dent's remains to the State House, amid the sound of
minute guns, where the corpse was exposed to the view
of the public untU midnight. On the foUowing morning,
the doors of the Capitol were opened at seven o'clock,
and immediately a compact mass of people, in double
lines, began to move through the rotunda, which had
been appropriately draped. Thousands of citizens of the
neighboring towns and adjoining counties swelled the
procession of mourners. At nine o'clock the coffin was
closed, and at ten o'clock the procession was re-formed
and began its march of escort to the depot. Almost with
out exception tokens of mourning were displayed from
the dwelling-houses and places of business in all quarters
of the city. The Governor's residence, the residence of
Simon Cameron, and those of several of the officers of
the State, attracted marked attention.
The procession was composed of eight divisions, and
marched in the foUowing order :
First, with slow and solemn music, came the Carlisle
Barracks Band, Then a regiment of infantry from Camp
Curtin, with arms reversed; drum corps, playing the

148 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
"Dead March;" Sixteenth Veteran Eeserve Corps, with
Colonel commanding escort; drum corps, with muffled
drums ; battalion of artillery, vrith pieces shrouded vrith
crape; mounted infantry, Co. F, 201st Pennsylvania
Eegiment, who had just arrived from the border. Captain
Thomas F, Maloney commanding ; battaUon of cavalry ;
Chief Marshal, Colonel Harry McCormick ,and aids ;
clergy of Harrisburg.

PALL-BEARERS.

PAT,T,-BEARERS.

Hon. A. L. Ronmfort.

Guards

Hon. Jno. J. Pearson.
Hon. David Fleming.
1
George Bergner, Esq.
Hon. W. F. Murray.
i
1
1
Hon. V. Hummel, Sr.
Hon. Jno. C. Kunkel.
s.
%
2.
R. A. Lamberton, Esq
Herman Alricks, Esq.
§
P
A. B. Hamilton, Esq.
Dr. C. Seller.
s
S
Henry Thomas, Esq.
Capt. George Prince.
Guards
,
Henry Gilbert, Esq.
Geo. TruUinger, Esq.
Dr. Geo. Bailey.
FoUoAving the hearse came the relatives of the de
ceased and a delegation of mourners frora EQinois ; Gov,
A. G, Curtin ; Major-General Cadwalader and staff; Ma
jor-General Heintzelman and staff; Eear- Admfral Daris,
and other distinguished men, in carriages ; Adjutant-
General A. L, EusseU, Colonel Samuel L, Thomas and
others of the Governor's staff, on horseback ; Pennsyl-
vaia Legislature, there being only twenty-five or thirty
members in the procession ; 201st Eegiraental Band,
Pennsylvania Volunteers; Pittsburg Delegation, num
bering fifty individuals ; PhUadelphia Delegation ; Citi
zens; Friendship Ffre Company; Ex-Mayor Kepner;
Hope Fire Company, Arith locked arms, three abreast ;
Mount Vernon Hook and Ladder Company ; Paxton Ffre
Company ; Sons of Malta, richly caprisoned, Arith swords
draped in mourning ; Free Masons ; Odd Fellows ; Salem
Lodge, I, O, B. B, ; Attaches of the Quartermaster's and
LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 149
Provost Marshal's Departments ; Toung Men's Christian
Association, At precisely twelve o'clock the funeral train left the
depot for Philadelphia, Between Harrisburg and Phila
delphia thousands of men, women and chUdren assembled
at depots and along the line of the raUway, to pay re
spect to the services and the memory of the patriot
around whom thefr affections and their hopes had clus
tered ; and for many mUes before the cars reached Phila
delphia, either side of the raUway was completely lined
with people who stood with uncovered or bowed heads
as the funeral car passed. PHILADELPHIA,
The Philadelphia Enqu,irer of AprU 24th said : " A
grand, emphatic and unmistakable tribute of affectionate
devotion to the memory of our martyred chief was that
paid by PhUadelphia on the arrival of his reraains on
Saturday evening. No raere love of excitement, no idle
curiosity to witness a splendid pageant, but a feeUng far
deeper, more earnest, and founded in infinitely nobler
sentiments, must have inspired that throng, which, like
the multitudinous waves of the sweUing sea, surged along
our streets from every quarter of the city, gathering in a
dense, impenetrable mass along the route prescribed for
the procession. * * * # The myriads of expectant
faces gathering around the depot at Broad and Prime
streets, and lining the route of the procession for hours
before the arrival of the funeral train ; the various civic
associations marching in orderly column, with banners
draped in mourning, to take their assigned places ; the
bands leading such associations, and making the city vocal
Arith strains sweet but melancholy; the folds of sable
cfrapery drooping from the buildings, and the half-masted

150 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
flags, with thefr mourning borders; aU were striving to
express the same eraotion. It was this alone which gave
them interest or signiflcance, and this alone which makes
them worthy of being recorded,"
Between three and four o'clock P, M,, the military escort,
under Brigadier- General O, S, Ferry, arrived at the depot,
and formed in line along Broad street. On the right were
three regiments of infantry, and next to them two batteries
of artUlery, and below them was the City Troop of Cavalry,
mounted on thefr chargers, conspicuous afar off by their
brUliant uniforms and fur-croAvned helmets. Below these,
in a long succession, were the various civic associations,
all draAvn up in line along the east side of the street, and
waiting to fall into thefr places in the column as the pro
cession moved by, constantly sweUing in its progress.
Many of these associations displayed tasteful and appro
priate banners.
As the time for the arrival of the train approached, the
throng in the street grew rapidly larger and denser, and
the eagerness of the people to obtain positions frora which
a good view could be obtained, rendered it necessary for
the police to use considerable exertion to keep clear the
space necessary for the passage of the paU-bearers and
escort from the door of the buUding to the hearse. The
Coramittee of Arrangements were at the station in readi
ness to receive the remains and the party accompanying
them on behalf of the city, as also the special escort of
miUtary and naval officers detailed by order of General
Cadwalader as a special guard of honor.
The following are the names of the gentlemen compris
ing the coramittee : Fred, A. Van Cleve, Chairraan; James
Armstrong, Thomas Barlow, James Freeman and Joshua
Spering, on the part of Select CouncU ; and Alexander
Harper, Samuel WUlets, Joseph F, Marcer, Geo, Nichols,

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 161
Thomas H, GUI, on the part of the Common Council, to
gether APith the Presidents of both chambers.
The special guard of honor in behalf of Philadelphia
consisted of twenty-four officers, among whom were :
Commodore H. A. Adams, Commodore S, C, Eowan, U.-
S. Navy ; Brevet Brigadier-General Alexander Cummin gs.
Col, George H, Crosman,
The hour announced for the arrival of the train was 4:30
P. M,, but it did not arrive until twenty minutes later.
Almost simultaneously with its entrance to the depot the
report of a cannon announced the fact to the entire city,
and the firing of minute guns was continued during the
entfre progress of the procession. The escort or guard of
honor above mentioned went in to meet the car containing
the body, and forming in two Unes, between which passed
the paU-bearers with the coffin and the guard on either
sides (sergeants and soldiers of the Veteran Eeserve
Corps), feU in behind it and foUowed it with bare heads
and solemn step to the hearse, which was waiting in front
of the buUding,
The hearse, especially constructed for the occasion by
the Committee of Eeception, was an imposing structure,
well adapted for its pm-pose, which was to display the
coffin to view as prominently as possible. It was drawn
by eight black horses, with sUver-mounted harness.
At fifteen minutes past five the hearse, followed by the
special city guard of honor, on foot, and the carriages
bearing the funeral party and members of the Philadelphia
Committee, commenced to move, the military escort taking
its place in advance, keeping time to the slow, solemn
music of the bands and the melancholy tolling of the bells.
The procession was ordered in eleven divisions, and was
one of the largest and raost imposing which in any city

152 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
on the route between Washington and Springfield paid
tribute to Mr, Lincoln's memory.
It was nearly eight o'clock when the hearse arrived oppo
site the southern raain entrance to Independence Square,
The Union League Association had been detaUed to re-
(jeive the body at that point, and superintend the work of
having it placed in its proper position in Independence
HaU. The members of the League assembled at Concert
HaU, about five o'clock, and proceeded from thence to Inde
pendence Square, accompanied by a band of music, and
. colors draped in black. They were dressed in full suits
of black, and wore white gloves. On reaching the Square
the members of the association took up position on either
side of the main thoroughfare ; they were formed in two
ranks, and filled the Square from one end to the other.
The band was pla.ced in the State House steeple, and
piior to the arrival of the remains performed a number of
dfrges. When the hearse reached the main entrance to the
Square, the coffin was removed and taken within the in
closure, when the line of procession was formed, consisting
ofthe body guard and paU-bearers, and the solemn cortege
moved slowly to Independence Hall, The members of
the Union League stood with uncovered heads, and the
band in the steeple performed a mournful dfrge. The
Square was briUiantly Uluminated Arith Calcium Lights,
about sixty in number, composed of red, white and blue
colors, which gave a pecuUar and striking effect to the
melancholy spectacle.
Amid a breathless silence, broken only by the slow and
mournful strains of the band, grief- stricken citizens stand
ing uncovered, sorrow depicted on every countenance;
amid the toUing of beUs and tiie sound of minute guns
fired in the distance, the coffin of the murdered Executive

Lliftj6LN MEMORIAL. 153
was conveyed Arithin the classic shades of Independence
HaU, The body was placed on an oblong platform in the
centre of the HaU, covered with black cloth, and lay north
and south, the head towards the south, and directly oppo
site old Independence beU. The lid of the coffin was
removed far enough to expose to view the face and breast
of the deceased. An American flag, the one used to cover
the coffin during the funeral procession, was thrown back
at the foot of the coffin, and a number of Avreaths of exotics
laid on it.
At thehead ofthe coffin was suspended a highly wrought
cross, composed of japonicas, with a centre consisting of
jet black exotics. The device contained the following
inscription :
" To the memory of our heloved President, from a few ladies of the
United States Sanitary Commission."
On the old Independence bell, and near the head of the
coffin, rested a large and beautifully made floral anchor,
(5omposed of the choicest exotics. This offering carae
from the ladies of St. Clement's Church, Four stands,
two at the head and two at the foot of the coffin, were
draped in black cloth, and contained rich candelabras
Arith lighted wax candles. To the rear of these were placed
three additional stands, also containing candelabras with
burning tapers; and, again, another row of four stands,
containing candelabras also, making in aU eighteen can
delabras and one hundred and eight burning wax tapers.
Between this flood of light, shelving was erected, on
which were placed vases filled with japonicas, heliotropes,
and other rare flowers. These vases were about twenty-
five in number.
A delicious perfume stole through every part of the
8

154 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
Hall, which, added to the soft yet briUiant Ught of the
Avax tapers, the elegant uniforms of the officers on duty,
etc., constituted a scene of solemn magnificence seldom
witnessed. The Hall at large was completely shrouded with black
cloth, arranged in a very graceful and appropriate man
ner. The old chandelier that hangs ft'om the centre of
the room, and which was immediately over the coffin,
was entirely coA^ered, and frora it hung in every direction
festoons of black cloth, forming a sort of canopy over
the entire room. The walls of the room presented the
appearance of having been papered with black. The
celebrated historical pictures which ornament the Hall
were, with few exceptions, hid from view. The statue of
Washington, at the east end, stood out, however, in bold
relief against the black background. The only pictures
visible were the full-length portraits of WUliam Penn,
Lafayette, Washington, and Chevalier Gerard, and the
smaUer ones of Martha Washington, Stephen Decatur,
and one or two others. Wreaths of iramorteUe were
hung on the black drapery that covered the walls, and
were placed about midway between the fioor and ceiling.
At ten o'clock the doors of the Hall were thrown open,
and from that hour until midnight an unbroken stream
of people passed through the buUding into Independence
Square, entering the room where the body lay in state
by the southern door, and passing out by steps erected
over a window at the south end of the roora. During the
hours stated a band, stationed near the HaU, performed
a great number of dirges and other funeral selections,
A cordon of police, under charge of High Constable
Harry Clark, were stationed from the outer door of the
State House builcUng, to the ballustrade that surrounded
the coffin, and through the avenue formed by them the

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 155
visitors passed to view the remains. Mayor Henry occu
pied a position at the head of the coffin, surrounded by
the committee having the body in charge.
So great was the anxiety of the citizens to view the
body of thefr beloved Chief Magistrate, that hundreds of
them remained around Independence HaU all night, wait
ing anxiously for the doors, or rather the Avindows, to be
again throAvn open.
From six o'clock on Sunday until one o'clock on Mon
day morning, the public was admitted. As soon as the
day began to break, the people from all parts of the toAvn
began to fiock to the neighborhood of Fifth and Chest
nut streets. The crowd became most dense, and wheu the
doors were opened, a double line of applicants was
formed, extending as far west as Eighth street, and east
to Third street. By 11 o'clock the lines extended from
the HaU west as far as the SchuylkUl, and east as far as
the Delaware, The residents of West Philadelphia fiocked
across the Market Street Bridge by hundreds, whUe the
Camden ferry-boats apparently brought across the Dela
ware about one-half of the population of New Jersey,
The entrances were through two windows in Chestnut
street, and the exits through the windows facing on Inde
pendence Square, temporary steps having been placed
in position for that purpose. By this arrangement two
lines of spectators were admitted at a tirae, passing on
either side of the coffin. The Inquirer, in its report of
the scenes of the memorable day, said :
"Never before in the history of our city was such a
dense mass of huraanity huddled together. Hundreds of
persons were seriously injured from being pressed in the
mob, and many fainting females were extricated by the
police and railitary and conveyed to places of security.
Many women lost their bonnets, while others had nearly

156 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
every particle of clothing tom from thefr persons. Not
withstanding the iraraense pressure and the trying ordeal
through which persons had to pass in order to view the
remains, but Uttle disorder prevailed, every one appar
ently being deeply impressed vrith the great solemnity of
the occasion. After a person was once in line, it took
from four to five hours before an entrance into the Hall
could be effected. Spectators were neit allowed to stop
by the side of the coffin, but were kept moving on, the
great demand on the outside not permitting more than a
raere glance at the reraains, which were under railitary
guard," PHILADELPHIA TO NEW YORK,
At one o'clock on Monday raorning, April 24th, the
fiineral procession began its march from Independence
Hall, The escort consisted of the One Hundred and
Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, the city troops,
guard of honor, and a detachment of soldiers to guard
the body. Perseverance Hose Company, and the Eepub
Ucan Invincibles. A band of rausic played dirges on the
raarch. The procession reached Kensington station at
four o'clock. On the way thousands of citizens joined it.
At a few minutes past four o'clock the train left the
Kensington station. Governor Parker came on board at
the State Une, at MorrisviUe, with his staff, consisting of
Adjutant-General E, F, Stockton, Quartermaster-General
Perrine, and others. They were accompanied by United
States Senator John P. Stockton, Eev. D. Henry MUler,
and Colonel Murphy, and were received by Govemor
Curtin, of Pennsylvania, There was also upon the tram
a committee from Newark, consisting of the mayor, Joseph
P. Bradley, Esq., the President and other merabers of
the Newark Council.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 157
The Delaware river, which separates the State of Penn
sylvania from that of New Jersey, was crossed at half-
past flve, and as the train passed through Trenton the
bells of the city were tolled. Every hill-top on the line
of the road and other advantageous points were occupied
by throngs of spectators. The train stopped at the Tren
ton station thfrty minutes, A detachment of the Eeserved
Veteran and InvaUd corps, draAvn up in Une on the plat
form, gave the customary funeral honors. Music was
performed by an instrumental band, minute guns were
flred, and the bells continued to toU. Everywhere the
emblems of mourning were prominent.
The train arrived at New Brunswick at about half-past
seven o'clock, where it halted for half an hour, A large
number of people visited it. Meantime minute guns were
fired and the beUs tolled. At eight o'clock the train was
again in motion.
At Eahway and Elizabeth the emblenis of mourning
were numerous, and raany flags draped. The tolUng of
beUs and the flring of cannon were repeated. Near Eliza
beth a party of young men displayed, on differently
colored banners, the words, separately, " Victory,"
"Peace," "Union," "Grant," " Sherman," Arith the usual
crape attachments.
At Newark the private residences and public buildings
and stores and workshops were elaborately draped, guns
were flred, and the beUs tolled. AJl Newark, with the
exception of those at the windows, seemed to be out of
doors. Trees and house-tops, door-steps and car-trucks
— in fact, all the highest attainable positions and points
where an unobstructed view could be had, were occupied.
The United States Hospital was suitably decorated. In
front were a large number of soldiers, some of them on
crutches, AU the patients who could move theraselves

158 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
were drawn up in double file. Every one stood uncov
ered, NEW YORK CITY.
At ten o'clock on the morning of the 24th of April, the
Funeral Train reached the Camden and Amboy Eailway
Depot in Jersey City, The depot and surrounding build
ings had beeen appropriately draped. Outside the depot,
at every place along the track whence a view of the fu
neral train and its occupants could be obtained, a dense
crowd collected, Iramediately in front of the western
entrance to the building there was a bank of spectators,
piled up one above the other on the vacant cars left stand
ing on the track, and on every salient point which prom
ised a view of the proceedings. It was not au ordinary
crowd — pushing, jostling and shouting. A reverential
stillness prevailed.
Gen. John A, Dix had met the train at Philadelphia,
and under his orders detachments ofthe Second and Sixth
regiments, two hundred strong, under the command of
Captain Livingstone and Brevet Major McLaughlin, es
corted the New Tork State and city officers, assembled
to remove the remains, and guarded the depot. The
arrival of the train was announced by rainute guns.
When it had entered the depot. General Dix, the guard
of honor and the Congressional delegation, alighted from
the cars. General Sandford and the officers of New Tork
State and city stepped forward, and the body was re
moved from the car by four sergeants of the Eeserve
Corps, As the richly-decorated coffin was exposed to
view, five choral societies, numbering sixty- five voices,
led by F. A, Stonge, began to chant the solemn and ap
propriate dirge known as Integer Vita. A body guard of
twenty-five sergeants and veterans of the Eeserve Corps,

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 1'>9
under the command of Captain CampbeU, surrounded the
corpse. Before the last notes of the funeral dirge were
ended the coffin was raised on the shoulders of ten vet
erans, and the order of procession was formed. First
walked General Dix and General Sandford; next four
undertakers, and Colonel McMahon and Captain Lord, of
General Dix's staff. Then came the corpse, fianked by
the body guard, Arith drawn swords, and followed, in ir
regular order, by the Washington guard of honor and
delegation ; Hon, Chauncey M, Depew, Secretary of State
of New Tork ; the Mayor and Coramon Council of Jersey
City ; the delegations from Hoboken, Hudson City, Ber
gen and Greenville, and other officials and mourners.
Moving down the north platform, at which the train was
drawn up, toward the eastern end of the building, the
procession wound round and moved up the next platform,
and so out at the western entrance of the depot, the choral
societies meanwhile singing the chorale, " Eest in the
Grave." The reporter for the Neie YorJc Herald said :
" The thriUing impressiveness of the funeral dirge, the
saddened aspect of the iraraense throng of mourners, Avere
tributes which might well outweigh the obloquy and mis
apprehension of the past."
In the stieets of Jersey City every housetop, every bal
cony, every window overlooking the road taken by the
procession, from the depot to the ferry, was crowded with
spectators. Slowly the corpse was borne, amidst the sol
emn booming of minute guns and the toUing of distant
beUs, to the ferry-boat, Jersey City, which was placed
at the disposal of the committee to convey the remains
of the honored dead to New Tork.
When the mournful procession wended its way through
the gate leading on board the boat, not a sound Avas
heard other than the booming of minute guns, which re-

160 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
verberated far and near. The procession was received by
the Mayor of New Tork, and members of the Board of
Aldermen and Board of Councilmen, These were ranged
on either side of the boat. Each member bore appropri
ate insignia of mourning on the left arm.
The Jersey City was appropriately draped in mourning.
The flags hung at half-mast. The officers of the boat
were : — Pilots, Captain S, Decker and Edward Ashford ;
engineers, S. Barr and Louis Angel, In addition to the
mUitary gentlemen, the New Tork Common CouncU and
different delegations which came with the remains, on
board were representatives frt)ra the corporate bodies of
Hudson, Hoboken, Bergen and other portions of New
Jersey. The German singing societies of Hoboken, who
had chanted a funeral dirge on the arrival of the train at
Jersey City, were also of the party. Up and down the
North Eiver the scene was peculiarly impressive as the
Jersey City slowly crossed. All the shipping had the
emblems of mourning prominently displayed, while in
many instances crowds occupied the rigging, and watched
with mournful earnestness the little craft which carried
upon its deck the remains of the nation's murdered Chief
Magistrate. In several cases the vessels' sides were
draped in raourning colors, the masts wreathed in black
muslin, while all persons who happened to be on board
stood Arith uncovered heads as the boat moved past.
All the docks in the vicinity were filled with spectators.
Thousands thronged to the extreme verge of the piers
and watched with breathless curiosity the movements of
the Jersey City as she neared her destination.
When Avithin a few hundred yards of the dock, at the
foot of Desbrosses street, the German societies com
menced a funeral ode from the first book of Horace, which
produced a thrilling effect upon all who heard it. The

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 161
solemn notes of the song as they burst forth from nearly
one hundred voices gave touching inspfration to the sor
row of the tirae as they were wafted on shore by the
gentle breeze. The boat being raoored fast to the dock,
and all arrangements completed. Generals Dix and Sand
ford left the boat, when the hearse, together with those
composing the procession, foUowed,
The scene at the foot of Desbrosses street, could not
faU to make a lasting impression upon the thousands who
were congregated on the housetops and awnings for sev
eral blocks on each side of the ferry. Every avaUable
spot was occupied along Desbrosses street, from West to
Hudson streets. The window sashes of all the houses
were reraoved in order that the occupants might have an
unobstructed view ofthe procession, and as far as the eye
could see there was a dense mass of heads protruding
from every window in the street. The fronts of the
houses were tastefully draped with mourning, and the
national ensign was displayed at half-mast from almost
every housetop.
The Seventh Eegiment National Guard, Col, Emmons
Clark, had been selected as the escort. The procession
started frora the boat in the following order : —
Police.
General Dix, General San dford. Alderman Ryers, and other Military
0 fScers and Civilians.
Band.
Seventh Regiment.
Sergeants ofthe Invalid Corps.

Seventh
Regiment.

02
W

Seventh
Regiment.

Sergeants of the Invalid Corps.

162 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Seventh Regiment.
Then following was the guard of honor and the Washington Delega
tions accompanying the remains. Next to this came
His Honor Mayor Gunther.
Presidents of the Board of Councilmen and Aldermen.
United States Officers.
German Singing Society.
Police.
The sides and back of the hearse were of plate glass,
and on the top were eight large plumes of black and white
feathers. Around the edge of the roof and the lower por
tion of the body were American fiags folded, draped in
mourning, gracefuUy festooned, and fastened with knots
of white and black ribbons. It was drawn by six gray
horses covered with black cloth, each led by a groom
dressed in raourning.
The route of the procession was from Desbrosses street
through Hudson to Canal street, thence to Broadway and
doAvn Broadway to the City Hall,
Urns and other emblems of sorrow, in white and black
cloth, and mottoes showing the grief of the people for the
death of thefr beloved Chief Magistrate, were displayed
from nearly every house, in the mournful shades of white
and black. The stores were all closed and business sus
pended everywhere. Along the entfre line of march as
the hearse approached, the people uncovered thefr heads.
The most creditable order prevaUed, The silence of the
immense crowds was expressively and impressively sol
emn. The New York Herald said : "No one could behold
the scene, in all its impressive solemnity, earnestness and
sincerity, without feeUng satisfied that the funeral cortege
of Abrahara Lincoln Avas a triumphal procession greater,
grander, raore genuine, than any living conqueror or hero
ever enjoyed.
The escort marched in files on each flank of the funeral

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 163
car, and in platoons on the fr-ont and rear. Then came
the rest of the procession according to the arrangeraent
of the programme. After them came the people by thous
ands, in solemn and orderly demeanor, from Desbrosses
and Hudson streets in a vast throng, foUowing in the
rear and reaching from curb to curb on Canal street.
This column increased as it went, and, with uncovered
heads and sad and steadUy persistent steps, followed the
remains of the lamented Chief Magistrate to Broadway,
and in raany cases to the City Hall, Many people, see
ing that the procession had passed, still remained iu their
positions in the street, as if scarcely satisfied that what
they had watehed and waited for was past.
Hours before the arrival of the body, masses of people
gathered in the City Hall Park, along Broadway and
Chatham street, and in and on the buildings overlooking
the plaza in front of the City Hall, where the ceremony
of receiving the body was to be witnessed. The police,
by strenuous exertions, kept the streets cleared, but the
sidewalks and the Park were filled with men, women and
chUdren, while the trees in the Park were loaded with
adventurous urchins. Along the line formed by the
poUce guard in front of the Hall, and the fences of the
Park in Chatham street and Broadway, the crowd re
mained quiet, patiently awaiting the appearance of the
hearse ; but iu the interior of the triangle of human
beings thus formed the crowd swayed restlessly from side
to side, but without the noise which usually accompanies
such confusion. During the entire ceremony the people
were orderly and quiet ; each individual appeared to be
impressed with the solemnity of the occasion. At the
time of the appearance of the procession at the City Hall
at least twenty thousand citizens were assembled, watch
ing the ceremony with solemn interest.

164 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
The procession guarding the body filed into the Park a
few minutes after half-past eleven o'clock, and the hearse,
guarded by two companies of the Eighth Eegiment, New
Tork State National Guard, stopped before the door of
the Hall, The coffin was immediately taken from the
hearse, and carried up the stairs to the catafalque pre
pared for its reception in the Governor's Eoom, amid a
solemn dirge, played by the Liederkranz band. Details
from the Eighth Eegiment were placed as guards around
the building, and were soon solemnly pacing their beats.
While these preparations were being made, the several
German singing clubs, under the direction of Mr, Paney,
of the Liederkranz Society, and numbering nearly a
thousand voices, sang several solemn dfrges. As thefr
swelling tones murmured their way through the closed
windows of the Governor's Eoom, and surged amid
The silken, sad, uncertain rustling
Of each sable curtain,
the undertaker commenced the task of removing the lid
of the coffin and disclosing the features of the deceased.
There was no trace of the interior architecture to be
seen on the rotunda of the City Hall. Niche and dome,
balustrade and panneling were aU veiled. From the dome
to the base there was a wall of crape, relieved by
shrouded ensigns and semi-circular folds of paramatta.
All these were arched with festoons, which fell gracefuUy
over the corabined display of flags and mourning — the
symbols of the life of the republic and the death of its
ruler. The light which fell upon the scene of death was
modifled. Across the oriels of the dome a black curtain
was drawn, and the rays thus conducted fell subdued on
the sad and imposing spectacle. The catafalque graced
the principal entrance to the Governor's Eoom. Its form

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 165
was square, but it was surmounted by a towering gothic
arch, frora which folds of crape, ornamented by festoons
of silver lace and cords and tassels, fell artistically over
the curtained pillars which gave form and beauty to the
structure. The arch seemed lost in the dark labyrinths
from which it rose, A spread eagle was perched above
it. Beneath this aerial guardian was a bust of the dead
President in sable drapery, Theu came a ubiquitous
display of black velvet, studded with beautiful silver
stars in filagree lace, which reflected light over the suits
of woe and gloom of which they were the national orna
ments. On either side Eoman urns were located, like
those of old, near the distinguished dust of which they
were the guardians. The interior of the canopy was in
graceful harmony with the outside. The frontal arch, as
it met the black ceiling of the catafalque, was relieved
by a lining of white silk which skirted it. The walls
were hung with solemn black, and the light of the great
windows of the Governor's Eoom and that of the dome
struggled vainly to illuminate it. There was nothing to
vary the dark monotony of black cloth but the welcome
trimming of silver lace, which gave Umit to the gloomy
aspect and grace to the display. The ceiling was formed
of fluted folds of velvet, fretted with sih^er stars. Be
neath the canopy, near the honored dead, were busts of
Washington, Jackson, Webster and Clay — all resting on
high pedestals. The vicinity of the catafalque was also
the scene of elaborate and artistic mourning. AU the
furniture, the statues and the portraits of the Governor's
roora were in character Arith the sad scenes around them,
"Washington's Avriting desk," the portraits of Presi
dents, Governors, and men distinguished in the State
and city governments, were covered with crape. The
statue of Washington, near which Mr. Lincoln received

166 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
his friends four years previous, was elaborately draped,
and the chandeliers were covered with black cloth.
The lid of the coffin having been removed, various flo
ral offerings were laid upon it. General Hunter and Col
onel O'Bieme then took their positions respectively by
the side of the coffin, and, shortly after, the entrance be
low was opened, and the expectant crowd were admitted
into the Hall, The solemn procession commenced at one
o'clock. Scarcely had the interest to view the mournful
cortege, as it wound its slow length within the railings of
the Park, abated with the consignraent of the honored re
mains to the care of the municipal authorities speciaUy
appointed for the reception, than a Une began to be formed
of those who desired to be among the flrst to look their
last upon the raortal dead. Thousands forraed that line,
which, like a river receiring many contributions nearing
its debouchment, graduaUy lessened, tUl away up in the
Bowery, three-quarters of a mile off, it narrowed as it were
at its source, still, however, receiving fresh supplies as an
onward movement to the front gave a chance of nearing
the object aU so desired to look upon. Throughout the
long early summer day, beneath the fervid rays of the sun,
which shone almost uncomfortably warm, into the cool
hours of the evening, and away through the chilly hours
of the night, till daAvn was almost again breaking, the
seemingly ever unbroken line of people kept its ground
persistently — to gratify the earnest desire which had
brought them together, Frora distant points throughout
the State, remote from the line of travel which took the
President to his last bourne in IlUnois, thousands of peo
ple flocked to the city in the hope of gaining a view of
his bier. From Brooklyn, Jersey City, WiUiarasburg and
neighboring localities, there was throughout the day a con
stant streara of people crossing in the ferry-boats, many

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 167
of whom joining in the line remained for several hours,
tUl at last they reached the goal of thefr desires. The
eastern gate in the Park row was selected as the general
entrance, the small gate, on the western side of the Park,
being the entrance for those who had received special
tickets, DoAvn as far as Pearl street the line was double,
or rather quadruple, that is, a double file of raen, and on
their right a double file of woraen, aU anxious, and all de
termined to go through with it. The arrangements for
the passage of the crowd were admfr'able, and a strong
feeling of courtesy was mingled Arith the necessary adhe
rence to duty of the various officials.
The deportment of the people was very different from
that of the crowds which usually assemble in great cities.
No gladsome laugh, no famUiar greeting, no passing jests.
Grief was denoted on every countenance. Many would
have pressed close to the coffin, if but to touch it with
their fingers, were they permitted. Frequent attempts
were made by ladies to kiss the placid lips of the corpse.
But, notwithstanding the immense number which had
passed during the day, the throng was at its greatest
about midnight. As the clock tolled the hour of twelve,
the members of the Gerraan singing societies, who had
taken thefr places in the corridor beneath the rotunda,
coraraenced the Inter vitw. Heard from the neighborhood
of the catafalque, the music had a most thrilling effect.
Then followed the Grabus heehe-, which was rendered with
remarkable precision. The chorus consisted of seventy
voices, under the direction of Mr, Loyer. The clubs rep
resented were the Quartette, of Hoboken ; the German,
Harmonia and the Concordia. AU the members wore ap
propriate mourning badges.
On careful calculations at various times during the day
and night it was estimated that on an average eighty per-

168 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
sons passed the coffin in a minute — that is, forty on either
side. This would aUow for the entire number passed up
to midnight not much under sixty thousand.
Not till the first shadows of morning began to steal
over the heavy folds of the drapery, lending additional
melancholy to the scene, was there any break in the mo
notonous chain of onlookers. And then the torrent was
stayed only for a few moments. Fresh arrivals, many of
them from the country, began to take the place of the
pallid-faced, wearied watchers who had waited all through
the night to get their turn. As the day advanced the
crowd increased, and by eight o'clock the approaches to
the City HaU were more crowded than they were the day
before. In the mournful throng were veterans, bearing
the scars of many weU fought battles ; smart young sol
diers who had evidently not long taken the bounty ; aged
women whose mourning garments betokened a husband
or a son sacrificed on the altar of his country ; blooming
girls ; sedate city merchants and prosperous professional
men ; country folks in eccentric costumes ; dapper city
clerks ; old men, gray headed and feeble ; every class of
life found its representatives in the throng which encom
passed the body of the dead.
It was evident from the earliest hour that half those
who were so patiently standing on the footpaths in
Broadway and Centre stieet could not possibly get a
view of the body Arithin the time assigned for the lying
in state, StiU they remained in the ranks, hoping, appa
rently against hope, that some unlooked for diversion
might lessen their distance from the Arished for goal.
Soon after ten o'clock the military began to assemble,
Ffrst came a company of the Seventh regiment, and after
wards a detachment of the old Washington Grays, thefr
officers attired in full raourning. Very soon the bugle

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 161)
call to assemble resounded through the corridor, when'
the dead was lying in its silont state, and the tramp of
military feet varied the stealthy footsteps of the passing
spectators. Several companies of the Seventh regiment,
upon whom had devolved the duty of maintaining guard
at the City HaU, passed by to Adew the body. After them
followed a number of officers and veterans of the war.
The steamboat Granite State, from Hartford, brough i
down over three hundred passengers, who marched from
the boat to the City Hall to view the body. One of thefr
number placed a cross, two feet iu length, upon the coffin.
It was composed entirely of white camelias, rosebuds and
azalias. There was one bud for each of the United
States and one azalia to represent each year of the de
ceased's life. It was made in Hartford from flowers cuUed
from the choicest priA^ate conservatories, and was the
handiwork of Warren H, Burr, local editor of the Hart
ford Daily Post.
Captain Parker Snow, the commander of the arctic and
antarctic exploring expeditions, presented to Gen. Dix,
with a Adew of thefr being interred in the coffin with the
President, some interesting relics of Sir John Franklin's
ill-fated expedition. They consisted of a tattered leaf of
a Prayer Book, on which the flrst word legible was the
word "Martyr," and a piece of fringe and some portions
of uniform. These reUcs were found in a boat lying un
der the head of a human skeleton.
At twenty minutes to twelve o'clock the doors of admis
sion were closed to the general public, aud though for
some hours past the people had been admitted at the rate
of nearly one hundred a minute — and over one hundred
and flfty thousand persons must have seen the body —
there yet remained immense crowds who were sent away
disappointed. With practised fingers the undertaker.

170 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Mr, F. G. Sands, and his assistant, Mr, G, W. Hawes,
removed the dust frora the face and habUiments of the
dead; the flowers laid upon the coffin were taken charge
of by the officials, and the lid was silently screwed down
without form or ceremony, and with none but a few offi
cers and orderlies and a couple of reporters as witnesses.
The appointed bearers, eight in number, sergeants of the
Veteran Eeserve, stationed themselves on each side ofthe
coffin, and remained there motionless as statues awaiting
further orders.
The Governor's Eoom, when all but the miUtary and
those immediately connected with the obsequies, had
withdrawn," presented a brilliant appearance. All the
foreign Consuls dressed in their diplomatic uniforms.
Governor Fenton, General Dix, accompanied by his staff,
and several distinguished Generals were present. When
all was in readiness the order was given and six of the
body guard raised the coffin upon thefr shoulders, and,
whUe a sergeant at each end steadied it to prevent the
possibiUty of accident, bore it slowly doAvn the spiral
staircase and out of the City HaU, the whole assemblage
following. At ten minutes to one o'clock the hearse, which was
specially constructed to carry the remains through the
city, was brought in front of the Hall. When it had been
placed tn its proper position Major General Dix, who stood
with cap in hand ou the steps of the hall, gave the
signal for the remains to be carried out. The coffin then
appeared, borne by the guard of honor from the Veteran
Eeserve corps. All in the immediate vicinity instinct
ively uncovered. The band of the Seventh regiment
played a mournful dirge, the City Hall bell tolled, the
miUtary presented arms, and, amid unbroken silence

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 171
among the multitude, the mortal remains of Abraham
Lincoln were home to the hearse.
The Seventh regiment and other portions of the pro
cession contiguous to the City Hall steps were then
formed. Sergeants of the Eeserve corps, Arith drawn
sabres, stood round the remains, while the railitary digni
taries. Congressional delegations and other bodies ranged
themselves in the order marked out for them. The time
appointed for the procession to raove was one o'clock, but
the hour hand pointed to two before it slowly marched
off with steady, solemn pace, amid a muffled roll of drums
and saddened strains of funeral dfrges from a number of
bands. This procession was the grandest — the most imposing
ever organized in the United States. It marched in
eight divisions, which embraced mUitary and civic asso
ciations representing all the lines of martial service, and
aU the various walks of official and business life.
The Ffrst Division composed the military escort which
preceded the hearse. The New York Herald said : When
the history of the New Tork mUitia is written there wUl
be two pages in thefr annals more interesting, more cred
itable and more gaUant than aU the others, and these will
record thefr prompt response to the caU of President Lin
coln to defend the national capital in 1861, and the unan
imity, force and order with which they turned out to
escort the remains of that same great and good Presi
dent on thefr passage through New Tork on the 24th and
25th of AprU, 1865. The mUitary pageant yesterday — if
such so solemn and mournful a display can properly be
denominated— exceeded any thing in the miUtary order
that ever occurred in the city of New Tork. There were
eighteen city regiments in the parade, and they averaged
fully flve hundred men each, thus making a total of nine

172 - LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
thousand troops, besides the batteries, guns and thefr
staffs, escort and so forth, amounting to one thousand
more, which made the whole number of city mUitia in
the parade at least ten thousand men. The United
States troops and the Brooklyn regiments nurabered flve
thousand raore, so that the entire force of mUitary iu the
procession reached the grand flgure of flfteen thousand
men. Immediately following the raUitary escort came Major
General John A, Dix and staff, preceding the guard of
honor, which consisted of a detachment from the Seventh
regiment, formed two deep and in hollow square, inside
of which marched the Veteran Guard, In the centre of
the square was the hearse bearing the remains ofthe Ulus
trious dead. It was fourteen feet long at its longest part,
eight feet wide and flfteen feet one inch in height. On
the main platform, which was flve feet from the ground,
was a dais six inches in height, at the corners of which
were columns holding a canopy, which, curving inward
and upward toward the centre, was surmounted by a
miniature temple of liberty. The platform was entfrely
covered with black cloth, drawn tightly over the body of
the car, and reaching to within a few inches ofthe ground,
edged with sUver buUion fringe. Over this hung grace
ful festoons of the same material, spangled with silver
stars, and edged also with silver bullion. At the base of
each column were three American flags, slightly inclined,
festooned, covered with crape. The colurans were black,
covered with vines of myrtle and cameUas. The canopy
was of black cloth, drawn tightly, and from the base of
the temple another draping of black cloth fell in graceful
folds over the flrst ; while from the lower edges of the
canopy depended festoons, also of black cloth, caught un
der small shields. The folds and festoons were richly

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 173
spangled and teimmed Arith bullion. At each corner of
the canopy was a rich plume of black and white feathers.
The Temple of Liberty was represented as being de
serted, having no emblems of any kind in or around it
save a smaU flag on top, at half-raast. The inside of the
car was lined Arith white satin, fluted, and from the cen-
tee of the roof was suspended a large gUt eagle, with
outspread wings, covered with crape, bearing in its talons
a laurel wreath, and the platform around the coffin was
strcAvn with laurel Avreaths and flowers of various kinds.
The car was draAvn by sixteen gray horses, with cover
ings of black cloth, trimmed with sUver bulUon, each
led by a colored groom, dressed in the usual habiliments
of mourning, Arith streamers of crape on thefr hats.
When the gilded top of the temple surmounting the
hearse was seen in the distance along the line of march,
there was a general pushing and crowding in the dense
throng on the sidewalks for good positions. At its
nearer approach a simultaneous hush seemed to come
over the entfre crowd; the men i?everently lifted their
hats, and aU eyes, mauy of which were moist with tears,
were fastened on the hearse and coffin from the time of
its appearance tiU it passed out of sight.
Many waited to see no more of the procession as it
passed on in its regular order, which was the guard of
honor, followed by a troop of cavafry as escort to Briga
dier-General Hall, Grand Marshal, with his aids.
The Second Division, which comprised the representa
tives of the State, county and city governments of New
Tork and other cities and States, representatives of for
eign nations, &c., formed a prominent feature oi the
grand procession.
The carriages provided for the foreign representatives
and delegations from the States and Territories of the

174 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
United States, were formed in line in Chambers-street,
the right resting on Broadway, and the federal officers of
the Custom House, Surveyor's Office, Post Office, and
the collectors, assessors and deputies of the United States
interal revenue. United States marshals and the judges
and officers of the United States courts, formed on Cen
tre-street, the head of the Une resting on the corner of
City Hall-square and Tryon-row. The carriages stood
two abreast in the foUoAving order :
Mrst — Occupied by Governor Fenton, of New York, Mayor Gun
ther, and Generals Batchellor and Swayne, of the Governor's staff.
Second — Lieutenant-Governor Alvord ; Judge Davies, of the Court
of Appeals ; Judge Advocate General Harvey aud Quartermaster-
General Merritt, of the Governor's staff.
Third — Senators, Cole, Christie, Laimbler, and Representative In
graham, which constituted the joint committee of the Senate and
Assembly. Fourth — Charles Loosey, Consul General of Austria ; C. E. Habicht,
Swedish and Norwegian Consul ; E. M. Archibald, C. B., Her Britan
nic Majesty's Consul; Pierrepont Edwards, Esq., Her Britannic
Majesty's Vice-Consul.
Fifth — ^William A. Kobbe, Consul-General of Nassau ; G. L. Avezi-
zana, Vice-Consul of Italy ; D. Aguiar, Consul-General of Brazil.
Sixth. — R. C. Burlage, Consul General of the Netherlands ; D. N.
Botassl, Consul of Greece ; Robert Schultz, Vice-Consul of Russia ;
Adolph Gosling, Consul-General of Hanover.
Seventh — Jose F. Sanchez, Consul of Venezuela ; Leopold Schmidt,
Vice-Consul of Saxony aud acting Consul-General of Prussia ; Er-
hardt Jansen, Vice-Consul of Oldenburg ; Fred. Kuhne, Consul of
Hesse. Eighth — Geo. H. Siemon, Royal Bavarian Consul ; Carlos Enrique
Leland, Consul of Uruguay ; F. W. Kentgen, Consul of Hesse Darm
stadt ; C. B. Richard, Consul of Schammelburg' Lippe ; Bias Bruzual,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Venezuela.
Ninth — Governor Oglesby, of Illinois ; Hon; J. DuBois, Colonel
John Williams, Major L. Wait and Colonel James H. Bowen, all of
Springfield, composing the Hlinois delegation.
Tenth—lion. S. M. CuUom, General J. N. Haynie, Dr. S. H. Melvin,

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 175
of Springfield, Illinois, and Governor AVilliam Pickering, of Wash
ington Territory.
Eleventh — O. M. Hatch, Major Brown, Dr. Phelps and E. P. Leon
ard. Twelfth — Senator Anthony, of Rhode Island ; Senator Nye, of Ne
vada ; General Farnsworth and Mr. Washburne, of Illinois.
Thirteenth — Governor Stone, Judge Loughbridge and Mayor Cork-
hill, of Iowa, and S. D. Ward, of Chicago.
Fourteenth — Mayor Wallach, of Washington ; Marshal Phillips and
C. A. Page, of Illinois ; and U. H. Painter, of Pennsylvania.
Fifteenth — Hon. J. N. Arnold, of Illinois; Hon. Leonard Myers, of
Philadelphia; Hon. A. H. Rice, of Massachusetts, and Samuel Hooper,
of Boston.
Sixteenth — Mr. T. Pico de ViUanueva, Consul-General of Spain ;
Mr. L. Borg, acting Consul-General of France ; General Paez, of
Venezuela, and N. Zeo, Vice-Consul of Spain.
Seventeenth — Senator Ramsay, of Minnesota; Senator Cowan, of
Pennsylvania; General Schenck, M. C, of Ohio ; Colonel Whaley,
M. C, of West Virginia.
Eighteenth — Mayor Tyler, of New Haven ; ex-Governor Newell,
M. cr of New Jersey; Sidney Clarke, M. C, from Kansas; G. A.
Newell and Alderman McKnight, of New York.
Nineteenth — Mr. Terry and Mr. Driggs, of fiichigan ; Mr. Phelps of
Maryland, and Mr. Shannon, of California.
Twentieth — Mr. Wallace, Delegate from Idaho ; Hon. Geo. H. Wil
liams, Senator from Oregon; Hou. Anson Herrick, JVJ. C, New York
city ; Dr. James T. Brown, assistant embalmer of the body of the
late President, of Washington city.
Tioenty-first — Senator Clarke and Governor Smith, of New Hamp
shire ; Joseph Bailey, M. C, of Pennsylvania, and Senator Harris,
of New York.
Twenty-second — George T. Brown, Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate ;
N. G. Ordway, Sergeaut-at-Arms of the House of Representatives,
and their assistants.
The foreign representatives were dressed in full court
costume, wearing on their persons the insignia of their
rank. Many of them wore sidearms, and aU wore the
usual badge of mourning.
The whole division was in charge of N. B, Laban, as-

176 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
sisted by WilUam M, Tweed, Jr., as aid ; the second in
command being Colonel Van Brunt, W. E, VermUyea, Jr.,
and S. E. BruneU, acting as aids.
The foUowing is the order in which this dirision took
its place in the procession :
The members of both Boards of the Coramon CouncU,
twenty abreast, preceded by thefr Sergeant-at-Arms, all
wearing the usual mourning badge on the left arm, and
carrying in thefr hands thefr staves of office shrouded in
crape, the attaches of both boards following in thefr pro
per places.
Next in order came the delegations that accompanied
the remains from Washington, foUowed by delegations
from the Common Councils of Washington, Baltimore,
PhUadelphia, Brooklyn, Jersey City and other cities.
Comptroller Brennan, City Inspector Boole, Commis
sioner MiUer ; Board of Croton Commissioners, headed
by President Stephens ; Counsel to Corporation, Devlin,
with Eobert A. Bradford, Esq. ; City Chamberlain Devlin
and clerks ; Ffre Commissioner Wilson, and coUeagues of
the Board of Fire Commissioners ; Board of Appeals of
Fire Department ; Chief Engineer Decker and assistants ;
Supervisors, Arith their president and sergeant-at-arms ;
Commissioners Bell, Nicholson, Bowen and Brennan ;
Board of Police Commissioners, Messrs, Acton, Berger,
McMurray and Bosworth, with their clerks; Board of
Education, headed by President McLean; the faculty of
the Free Academy, with the venerable President Web
ster at thefr head; the Central Park Commissioners;
Tax Commissioners BroAvn, Purser and Woodruff, and
clerks ; Commissioners of Emigration ; Coroners and their
deputies, Eecorder Hoffman and City Judge EusseU;
Board of Police Magistrates, Judges Bernard, Suther
land and Ingraham, and clerks ; Judges Monell, Barbour,

LINCOLN JIEMORIAL. 1<7
McCunn, Moncrief, Eobertson, Daly, Brady and Cardoza:
these Judges were all attended by their clerks and offi
cers, wearing appropriate emblems of mourning ; District
Attorney Hall and assistants, with clerks ; County Clerk
Conner and other county officials.
The CoUector's office, in the absence of Mr, Draper,
was represented by Deputy Collectors Clinch and Em
bury, accompanied by the Collector's private secretary
and the officers of the department. Surveyor Wakeman
and his deputies headed the revenue officers, who turned
out a very flue looking body of men, aU dressed in black,
wearing crape on the left arm and mourning rosettes on
the left breast; Naval Officer Dennison, deputies, clerks
and other attaches of the office.
The Post-Office Department,' headed by Postraaster
KeUy, turned out a very large force, A very handsome
black banner, fringed with silver lace and surmounted by
a small gilt eagle, pendent from the beak of which was a
smaU raourning Avreath, was borne in front, with the name
of the department in silver letters inscribed in the centre.
Collectors and assessors of internal revenue, Arith thefr
officers, clerks and attaches, then followed. The United
States Marshal's office was represented by Joseph Thomp
son, flrst deputy (Mr, Murray being absentj. Captain
Lansing and the officers of the old Independent Conti
nental Guard, dressed in full uniform, formed the escort
to the officers of the Marshal's office and the officers of
the Federal courts and United States District Attorney's
office. Judge Benedict represented the United States
Court for the Eastern district of New Tork, and the
United States Cfrcuit Court was represented by Kenneth
J. White, clerk, and United States Commissioner, and
the other officers and attaches of the court.
The Sub-Treasurer, clerks and employes of the Assay
9

178 LINCOLN SIEMORTAL.
cfifice took their place in the line after the officers of the
United States courts. All these civic federal organiza
tions marched twenty abreast, aud formed a solid line
c ^tending from the front of the City Hall, through City
Hall square. Centre and Chambers streets, to the office
of the United States Marshal.
The officers of the United Statew Navy Tard of Brook-
l.yn, headed by Captain Case and the ex-officers of the
United States Army, and the officers and ex-officers of
1 he United States volunteers, brought up the rear of this
division. The time occupied by the division in passing
a given point was nearly an houi', and at a moderate es-
1 Lmate there must haA'e been nearly, if not quite, twelve
1 housand persons comprised in this part of the procession.
The Third division was led by Colonel Frank E, Howe,
Grand Marshal, and his aids, J. A. Stevens, Jr., and Maj.
James E. Smith. They were succeeded by the band and
(fruin corps of the Twelfth United States infantry from
Fort Hamilton, who were immediately in front of a de
tachment of about forty of the Hawkins Zouaves, carry
ing old battle flags, draped in mourning, under Lieuten
ant Jackson. This division composed the professional,
literary, political and social associations of the city.
The Fourth dirision Avas composed exclusively of the
Masonic fraternity. Odd Fellows and other orders, At
tfred in uniform black habiUiments, and aided only by sim
ple, unpretending mourning badges and sprigs of acacia
— the emblem of immortality — ^their appearance was strik
ing in the extreme, and appropriate to the mournful oc
casion. This division was headed by General Hobart
Ward, Marshal, and his aids, and a brass band.
The Fifth division was composed of Irishmen, Green
and gold, mingled with the solemn badge of the grave, were
the devi(^es which each man wore in the ranks. On arm.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 179
shoulder and breast each member of each Irish society
wore some emblem expressive of sympathy for the dead.
Even the littie children, the sons of Irish parents, with
thefr hieat Uttle greeih jackets slashed Arith gold, were pro
vided by their patriotic fathers and mothers vrith badges
suitable to the solemn occasion.
The Sixth division embraced the Mechanics' Associa
tions and the New Tork Caulkers' Association, number
ing one thousand strong. In front they carried a hand
some obelisk, elaborately draped in mourning, Arith a dial
on either side, stopped at twenty-two minutes past seven,
and the inscription : " A Bark Hour in History." About
the centee ofthe obeliskwas a mourningwreath, surround
ing the name — " Lincoln." In front, near the base, beanti-
fuUy executed, was the inscription : " In Memory of De
parted Worth." Two Araerican flags were crossed in the
rear of the raonument, thickly draped in raourning.
Other associations bore banners appropriately inscribed.
The Seventh division, consisting entfrely of trades and
societies, presented a sight exceedingly melancholy, bear
ing banners draped in excellent taste, and exhibiting
moumful inscriptions — representing the sentiments of na
tive born ItaUans, Germans, Scotsmen, as well as of na
tive born American workingmen.
The Eighth division was composed of citizens and soci
eties of Brooklyn, Colonel E, J, Fowler, Marshal. Aids,
Dr, Jas, T, Farley, John Vliet, Henry MitcheU, and Chas.
CarroU Sawyer.
FoUowing the Eighth division were the colored popu
lation of New Tork, who, though deprived of an invita
tion to join the grand pageant, having formed in Eeade
street, patiently awaited the arrival of the left of the
Eighth division, and then joined in the procession, num
bering at least two thousand persons. They were prece
ded by a banner bearing the folloAving inscription: 

180 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
" Abraham Lincoln, our JEmancipator." On the reverse
side of which were the following words : — " Two MiMons
of Bondsman he Liberty Gave." AU along the route, and
particularly in Union square, the colored division was ve
hemently applauded by the crowded assemblages.
The New York Herald, describing the memorable scenes
of the occasion and the conduct of the throngs of people
which flUed the streets and the public squares along the
entire line of March up Broadway to Fifth Avenue, and
hence along Twenty-sixth-street, thence to the Albany
Depot, said :
" The entfre mass, such as in size this city never before
saw, seeraed to be animated by one sentUnent, and con
trolled by one impulse. High and low, rich and poor,
native and foreign born, aU seemed to be touched by the
one sentiment of regret and sadness, that subdued the
natural tendency of great masses to indulge in mild forms
of mob violence, and made them as quiet, as peaceable,
as orderly, as the congregation the country church beU
calls to prayers on a mid-sumraer-day. The city never
saw a greater throng, nor a more orderly one. The ad
venturous urchin that climbed the trees overlooking the
Park, dropped for the time being his outlandish caUs for
his comrades Arith outlandish names, and sat solemnly and
quietly and watched the funeral procession with a dignity
and a seriousness rarely Aritnessed in the Park frora fur
tive youths. There were no incidents, such as spring up
and are garnered by the argus-eyed reporter on other oc
casions in the City Hall Park, The people were too sad
and depressed to indulge in mirth or sportive tricks. No
one was drunk to create a disturbance, and no one was
elated enough to attract attention. So the people, with
tearful eyes under the shadow of the great affliction,
watched patiently and unmurmiiringly the moving of the

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 181
honored dead and mournful procession, and silently
breathed over them thefr most heartfelt and fervent
prayers, and saw it go from them with a pang at every
heart and a sigh frora every Up, Such an occasion, such
a crowd, and such a day New Tork may never see again.
The world never witnessed so grand a collection of well-
dressed, intelligent, and weU-behaved beings, male and
female, as thronged the streets of New Tork yesterday
and gathered around the bier of the leader of the nation.
No outbreak, no violence, no feverish commotion marked
the immense gathering, AU was teanquil, free from dis
turbance, and as peaceable as the flow of the mighty
Hudson, It was a proud day for New Tork, and a new
evidence to the world of the weU-founded steength of re
publican institutions,"
The decorations along Broadway and Fifth Avenue
were in such impressive harmony with the suggestions
and lessons of the day, that many of them deserve per
manent record.
On one of the columns between the doors of the store
at 353 Broadway, was a miniature monument, and imme
diately beneath the following : " Just in the fulfillment of
his executive appointments — judicious in ihe selection of his
state co-workers — u-ise in the administration of his govern
mental functions — he has established a reputation for truth,
wisdom and justice, as stable in its continuance as it was ex
alting in its realization."
At No, 247 was the motto — " The workman dies, hut the
work goes on."
At No. 303 a temporary framework was erected, which
was covered with black, festooned and trimmed Arith
white fringe and tassels, and on the top was an eagle,
covered with crape, on either side of which was a smaU
flag, also draped in mourning.

182 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
At No. 372 was the foUowing : " Your cause ef sorrow
must not be measured hy Ms worth; for then, there would be
tio end."
At 429 was a large banner inscribed as foUows : " His
deeds have made his name immortal." j
Then followed the Unes of which our late President was
so fond, commencing : " Oh ! why should the spi/rit of mor
tals be proud.''
At 446 was the inscription —
" Let others hail the rising sun.
We bow to him whose race is run."
At 546 the following words appeared: " The life, the
right and truth of all this realm isfied to heaven."
Under the Metropolitan Hotel was a handsome mono-
grara of A, L,, and underneath the foUowing :
 " He rose.
Till the plain tiller of the sod
Tower'd o'er his peers in mind and soul, a god.
The assassin's hand bestowed the martyr's crown.
And the wide, wide world now echoes his renqwn.
The insulted nation, bowed with bitterest grief.
Demands stern vengeance for her fallen chief."
At Stuyvesant Institute was the following raotto :
" Semper honos, nomsnque tuum, laudesque manehunt," sur
rounding the name " Lincoln ;" and opposite, on the ar
mory of the Ninth Eegiment, was the following : " Though
the assassin has rendered inanimate the noble amd generous
heart, yet the spirit which God has called to Heaven still
hovers around us, and its influence in the cause of Liberty
and Union shall remain forever."
Iramediately over this was a shield with the words —
" A time for weeping.
But vengeance is not sleeping."
Next door to the Institute were the foUoAving in white
letters on a black ground :

LINCOLN MEJIOHIAL. 1S:>
" Statesman, yet friend to truth, of soul sincere ;
In action faithful aud iu houor clear ;
Who broke no prouiise, serv'd uo private end ;
Who gained no title and who lost uo friend."
"Thou art the ruins of the noblest mau
That ever lived iu the tide of time.
Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood."
At Gurney's was the following tribute to the late Presi
dent: " Sleep, martyred hero, sleep !
Thy going to thy great aud just reward.
Among the faithful aud the good whose lives
Are stainless lives, hath left a gloom
Upon a nation's aud a people's joy.
A silent city from it.s domes and towers,
With universal tears flings out its signs of woe.
Great husbandman, though lost to us.
Thou yet hadst time to scatter far the seeds
Whose future fruit sliall yet
Adorn the times ;'and of thy tillage
ShaU our auuals speak
And make a record of tky deeds aud name,
Eternal as our principle."
At 753 the black drapery over the windows was formel
so as to leave a diamond-shaped space, in which were the.
following words on a white ground : " In perpetuam rei
memoriam." At 757 both windows were coA^ered with black; on one
was the foUowing: "A. Justice to traitors is" — and ou
the other — "L. Mercy to the people."
At 763 was the inscription —
" The good and great to God belong
Of every age aud time;
Columbia hath lier sacrifice
?Laid on the hallowed shrine.
Slavery's tyrant chain is broke ;
The swarthy bondman now is free :
A nation's chieftain lowly laid,
Eucharist of Liberty."

184 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Between the stanzas was a likeness of the late Presi
dent, and on either side a couplet of draped flags.
On the northwest corner of Twelfth street a scroll bore
this inscription : " A glorious career of service and devo
tion is crowned with a martyr's death."
Next door to the above was the foUowing, on a white
ground : " Well done, thou good and faithful servant."
At 823 was a scroll with this inscription : " Barbar
ism of slavery, can barbarism further go ?"
Nearly opposite the Spingler House a new testimonial
commanded general notice. The space which it occupied
was about ten or twelve feet square, and a raUing of the
rustic order, partiaUy Gothic in shape, surrounded it. It
resembled a miniature monument, the pedestal and the
column being of the ordinary model. On the former
appeared the name — now too famous to be preceded by
initials — " Lincoln."
The panels of the pedestal bore appropriate sentences.
On the first was the adieu to the departed : " Good
night ! and flights of angels sing ihee to thy rest."
The marble next this had the words of the late Presi
dent : " With malice towards none ; wifh charity for all."
On the third was the inscription: "There's a great
spirit gone !"
On the last panel was the quotation from Shakspeare:
" His life was gentle, and the elements
So mixed in him, that nature might stand up
And say to all the world —
This was a man.''
From the base of the column above the panels four
beautiful wreaths of immortelles, inlaid with crosses of
jet, were suspended, giving grace and finish to the testi
monial. On the southeast coiner of Seventeenth street and

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 185
Fifth avenue a tablet bearing the following inscription
was suspended from the second story : " The heart of the
nation heats heavily at the portals of his tomb."
At the comer of Twenty-second street was the inscrip
tion : " And the Lord blessed Abraham in all things."
Ajid immediately underneath : " Semper honor nom,enque
tuum laudesque manehunt."
And also :
" Oh, earth, so full of dreary noise !
Oh, men, with wailing in your voice !
Oh, delved gold, the wallers heap !
Oh, war — oh, curse, that o'er it fall !
God makes a silence through you all.
And giveth His beloved sleep."
At 176 was a shield, on which was inscribed a cross,
and underneath the words: "Martyr." "Montez au
del."
CEREMONIES IN UNION-SQUARE,
Shortly after the procession had passed through Union-
square, a meeting was held for the purpose of rendering
fitting testimonials of respect and reverence for the char
acter of President Lincoln, and joining in appropriate
religious exercises,
A large stand had been erected, which was decorated
with the national colors draped in black, and a broken
column, round the base of which a roU of black crape
was placed. To the right of the stand, was a pedestal
bearing a bust of President Lincoln, executed by Thoraas
D. Jones, It was draped in mourning, and atteacted
rauch attention. About two thousand persons collected
in front of the stand, among whom were many ladies of
Ohio, and the windows and doorways of the houses
within sight and hearing distance of the stand were
crowded.

§6 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
On the stand were large representations of the clergy,
and deputations from the Union, New Tork, Century,
Atheneum, City, Union League, Eclectic, and other
clubs. Hon, John A. Kfrig presided. The exercises were
opened with prayer by Eev, Stephen H, Tyng, during
which the assemblage remained uncovered.
After the prayer, the band played the "Dead March."
Hon, George Bancroft then delivered the foUoAring
oration : MR. BANCROFT'S ORATION,
"Our grief and horror at the crime which has clothed
the continent in mourning, find no adequate expression
in words and no relief in tears. The President of the
United SLates of America has fallen by the hands of an
assassin. Neither the office with which he was invested
by the approved choice of a mighty people, nor the most
simple-hearted kindliness of nature could save him from
the fiendish passions of relentless fanaticism. The wail
ings of the miUions attend his remains as they are borne
in solemn procession over our great rivers, along the sea
side, beyond the mountains, across the prairie, to their
final resting-place in the vaUey of the Mississippi. The
echoes of his funeral knell vibrate through the world, and
the friends of freedom of every tongue and in every land
are its mourners,
"Too few days have passed away since Abraham Lin
coln stood in the flush of vigorous manhood, to permit
any attempt at an analysis of his character or an exposi
tion of his career. We flnd it hard to believe that his
large eyes, which in their softness and beauty expressed
nothing but benevolence and gentleness, are closed in
death ; we almost look for the pleasant sraile that brought

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 187
out~ more vividly the earnest cast of his features, which
were serious even to sadness. A few years ago he was a
village attorney, engaged in the support of a rising fam
Uy, unknown to fame, scarcely named beyond his neigh
borhood ; his administration made him the raost conspic
uous raan in his country, and drew on him first the aston
ished gaze, and then the respect ani adniratiou of the
world, "Those who come after us will decide how much of the
wonderful results of his public career is due to his own
good common sense, his shrewd sagacity, readiness of
wit, quick interpretation of the public miud, his rare
combination of fixedness and pliancy, his steady tendency
of purpose ; how much to the American people, who, as
he walked with them side by side, inspired him with
their own wisdom and energy; and how much to the
overruling laws of the moral world, by which the selfish
ness of evil is made to defeat itself. But after every
aUowance, it will remain that members of the government
which preceded his administration opened the gates to
treason, and he closed them ; and when he went to Wash
ington the ground on which he trod shook under his feet,
and he left the republic on a solid foundation ; that trai
tors had seized the public forts and arsenals, and he re
covered them for the United States to whom they belong
ed ; that the capital, which he found the abode of slaves,
now the home only of the free ; that the boundless public
domain, which was grasped at, and, in a great measure,
held for the diffusion of slavery, is now irrevocably de
voted to freedom, that then men talked a jargon of a
balance of power in a repnblic between Slave States and
Free States^ and now the foolish words are blown away
forever by the breath of Maryland, Missouri and Tennes
see ; that a terrible cloud of poUtical heresy rose from

188 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
the abyss, threatening to hide the light of the sun, and
under its darkness a rebellion was rising into indefinable
proportions ; now the atmosphere is purer than ever
before, and the insurrection is vanishing away ; the coun
try is cast into another mould, and the gigantic system
ot wrong, which had been the work of more than two
centuries, is dashed down, we hope, forever. And as to
himself personally : he was then scoffed at by the proud
as unfit for his station, and now, against the usage of
later years, and in spite of nuraerous competitors, he
was the unbiased and the undoubted choice of the Ameri
can people for a second term of serrice. Through all the
mad business of treason he retained the sweetness of a
most placable disposition ; and the slaughter of myriads
of the best on the battle-field, and the more terrible de
struction of our raen in captivity by the slow torture of
exposure and starvation, had never been able to provoke
him into harboring one vengeful feeling or one purpose
of cruelty.
" How shall the nation most completely show its sorrow
at Mr, Lincoln's death 1 How shall it best honor his
memory 1 There can be but one answer. He was stmck
down when he was highest in its service, and, in strict
conformity with duty, was engaged in carrying out prin
ciples affecting its Ufe, its good name, and its relations to
the cause of freedom and the progress of mankind. Grief
must take the character of action, and breathe itself forth
in the assertion of the policy to which he fell a sacrifice.
The standard which he held in his hand must be uplifted
again, higher and more firraly than before, and must be
carried on to triumph. Above everything else, his
proclamation of the 1st day of January, 1863, declaring
throughout the parts of the country in rebelUon the free-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 189
dom of aU persons who had been held as slaves, raust be
affirraed and maintained,
" Events, as they rolled onward, have removed every
doubt of the legaUty and binding force of that proclama
tion. The country and the rebel government have each
laid claim to the public service of the slave, and yet but
one of the two can have a rightful claim to such service.
That rightful claim belongs to the United States, because
every one born on thefr soU, with the few exceptions of
the chUdren of teavelers and teansient residents, owes
them a primary aUegiance. Every ohe so born has been
counted among those represented in Congress; every
slave has ever been represented in Congress — imperfectly
and Avrongly it raay be — but stUl has been counted and
represented. The slave born on our soil always owed
aUegiance to the General Governraent. It may in time
past have been a quaUfied allegiance, manifested through
his master, as the allegiance of a ward through its guard
ian or of an infant through its parent. But when the
master becarae false to his allegiance the slave stood face
to face Arith his country, and his aUegiance, which may
before have been a quaUfied one, became direct and im
mediate. His chains fell off, and he stood at once in the
presence of the nation, bound, like the rest of us, to its
public defence. Mr. Lincoln's proclamation did but take
notice of the already existing right of the bondman to
freedom. The treason of the master made it a public
crime for the slave to continue his obedience; the
teeason of a State set free the ccfllective bondmen of
that State.
" This doctrine is supported by the analogy of prece
dents. In the times of feudaUsra the treason of the lord
of the manor deprived him of his serfs ; the spurious
feudaUsra that existed araong us differs in many respects

190 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
from the feudalism of the middle ages, but so far the pre
cedent runs paraUel with the present case — ^for teeason
the master then, for teeason the master now loses his
slaves, " In the middle ages the sovereign appointed another
lord over the serfs and the land which they cultivated •
in our day the sovereign makes them masters of thefr
own persons, lords over themselves,
" It has been said that we are at war, and that emanci
pation is not a belligerent right. The objection disap
pears before analysis. In a war between independent
powers the invading foreigner invites to his standard all
who wUl give him aid, whether bond or free, and he re
wards them according to his abUity and his pleasure Arith
gifts or freedora ; but when at a peace he Arith draws from
the invaded country he must take his aiders and comfort
ers with him ; or if he leaves them behind, where he has
no court to enforce his decrees, he can give them no
security, unless it be by the stipulations of a teeaty. In
a civU war it is altogether different. There, when rebel
lion is crushed, the old govemment is restored, and its
courts resume thefr jurisdiction. So it is Arith us ; the
United States have courts of their 6wn, that must punish
the guUt of teeason and vindicate the freedom of persons
whom the fact of rebellion has set free,
" Nor may it be said, that because slavery existed in
most of the States when the Union was formed, it cannot
rightfully be interfered with now, A change has taken
place, such as Madison foresaw, and for which he pointed
out the reraedy. The constitutions of States had been
teansformed before the plotters of teeason carried them
away into rebeUion. When the Federal Constitution was
formed, general emancipation was thought to be near ;
and everywhere the respective legislatures had authority.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 191
in the exercise of their ordinary functions, to do away
with slavery ; since that time the attempt has been made
in what are called Slave States to make the condition of
slavery perpetual ; and events have proved with clearness
of demonstration, that a constitution which seeks to con
tinue a caste of hereditary bondmen through endless
generations is inconsistent with the existence of republi
can institutions.
" So, then, the new President and the people of the
United States must insist that the proclamation of free
men shaU stand as a reality. And moreover, the people
must never cease to insist that the Constitution shaU be
so amended as utterly to prohibit slavery on any part of
our soil for evermore.
" Alas ! that a State in our vicinity should Arithholdits
assent to this last beneficent measure ; its refusal was an
encouragement to our enemies equal to the gain of a
pitched battle, and delays the only hopeful method of
pacification. The removal of the cause of the rebellion
is not only demanded by justice ; it is the policy of
mercy, making room for a wider clemency ; it is the part
of order against a chaos of controversy ; its success
brings with it trae reconcilement, a lasting peace, a con
tinuous growth of confidence through an assimilation of
the social condition. Here is the fitting expression of
the mourning of to- day,
" And let no lover of his country say that this warning
is uncalled for. The cry is delusive that slavery is dead.
Even now it-is nerving itself for a fresh struggle for con
tinuance. The last winds from the South waft to us the
sad intelligence that a man who had surrounded himself
Arith the glory of the most brilliant and raost varied
achievements, who but a week ago was named with
affectionate pride among the greatest benefactors of his

192 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
country and the ablest Generals of all tirae, has usurped
more than the whole power of the Executive, and under
the name of peace has revived slavery and given security
and political power to traitors from the Chesapeake to
the Eio Grande, Why could not he remember the dying
advice of Washington, never to draw the sword but for
self-defence or the rights of his country, and when cfrawn,
never to sheath it till its work should be accomplished?
And yet from this bad act, which the people with one
united voice condemn, no great evil wUl follow save the
shadow on his own fame. The individual, even in the
greatness of military glory, sinks into insignificance
before the resistless movements in the history of man.
No one can turn back or stay the march of Providence.
" No sentiraent of despafr may mix with our sorrow.
We owe it to the memory of the dead, we owe it to the
cause of popular liberty throughout the world, that the
sudden crime which has taken the life of the President
of the United States shaU not produce the least impedi
ment in the smooth course of public affairs. This great
city, in the midst of unexampled embleras of deeply
seated grief, has sustained itself with coraposure and
magnanimity. It has nobly done its part in guarding
against the derangement of business or the slightest
shock to public credit. The enemies of the repubUc put
it to the severest trial, but the voice of faction has not
been heard — doubt and despondency have been unknoAvn.
In serene majesty the country rises in the beauty and
strength and hope of youth, and proves to the world the
quiet energy and the durability of institutions growing
out of the reason and affection of the people.
" Heaven has wiUed it that the United States shaU live.
The nations of the earth cannot spare them. All the
worn out aristocracies of Europe saw in the spurious

LINCOLN MEMOR'iAL, 193
feudalism of slaveholding their strongest outpost, and
banded themselves together with the deadly enemies of
our national life. If the Old World will discuss the re
spective advantages of oligarchy or equality ; of the
union of church aud state, or the rightful freedom of re
ligion ; of land accessible to the many or of land monopo
lized by au ever decreasing number of the few, the Uni
ted States must live to control the decision by their quiet
and unobtrusive example. It has often and truly been
observed that the trust and affection of the masses
gather naturally round an indi\'idual ; if the inquiry is
made whether the man so trusted and beloved shall elicit
from the reason of the people enduring institutions of
thefr OAVU, or shall sequester political power for a super
intending dynasty, the United States must live to solve
the problem. If a question is raised on the respective
merits of Timoleon or Julius Csesar, of Washington or
Napoleon, the United States must be there to call to
mind that there were twelve Caesars, most of them the
opprobrium of the human race, and to contrast with thera
the line of American Presidents.
" The duty of the hour is incomplete, our mourning is
insincere if, while we express unwavering trust in the
great principles that underlie our government, we do not
also give our support to the man to whom the people
have inteusted its administration.
" AndreAV Johnson is now, by the Constitution, the Pres
ident of the United States, and he stands before the world
as the most conspicuous representative of the industrial
classes. Left an orphan at four years old, poverty and
toU were his steps to honor. His youth was not passed
in the halls of colleges ; nevertheless he has received a
thorough political education in statesmanship in the school
9*

194 LINCOLN AIEMORlAL.
of the peoide aud by long experience of public.Ufe, A
village functionary ; member successively of each branch
of the Tennessee Legislature, hearing with a thriU of joy
the words, "The Union,. it must be preserved;" a repre
sentative in Congress for successive years ; Governor of
the great State of Tennessee, approved as its Governor
by re-election ; he Avas at the opening of the rebellion a
Senator from that State in Con gress. Then at the Capitol,
when Senators, unrebuked by the Governraent, sent word
by telegram to seize forts and arsenals, he alone from that
Southern region told them what the Government did not
dare to teU them, that they were traitors, and deserved
the punishment of treason. Undismayed by a perpetual
purpose of public enemies to take his life, bearing up
against the still greater trial of the persecution of his wife
and children, in due time he went back to his State, de
termined to restore it to the Union, or die with the Amer
ican flag for his winding sheet. And now, at the call of
the United States, he has returned to Washington as a
conqueror, with Tennessee as a Free State for his trophy.
It remains for him to consummate the vindication of the
Union. " To that Union Abraham Lincoln has fallen a martyr.
His death, which was meant to sever it beyond repair,
binds it more closely and more flrraly than ever. The
blow airaed at him, was aimed not at the native of Ken
tucky, not at the citizen of Illinois, but at the man who,
as President, in the executive branch of the Government,
stood as the representative of every man in the United
States, The object of the crime was the life of the whole
people ; and it wounds the affections of the whole people.
From Maine to the southwest boundary of the Pacific it
makes us one. The country may have needed an imper
ishable grief to touch it.s inmost feeling. The grave that

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 195
receives the remains of Lincoln, receives the martyr to
the Umon ; the monuraent which wUl rise over his body
wiU bear Aritness to the Union ; his enduring memory
wUl assist during countless ages to bind the States to
gether, and to incite to the love of our one undivided,
individual country. Peace to the ashes of our departed
friend, the friend of his country and his race, Happy
was his life, for he was the restorer of the Eepublic ; he
was happy in his death, for the manner of his end wUl
plead forever for the union of the States and the freedom
of raan."
The delivery of the oration was frequently interrupted
by applause.
Eev. Dr. Joseph P. Thompson was introduced, and read
President Lincoln's last inaugural address in a very im
pressive manner. This was foUowed by the reading, by
Eev, W, H, Boole, of the 94th Psalm, which was pro
nounced by the inspfred Psalmist against the enemies of
his country. Eev, Dr, Eogers then pronounced a prayer,
in which he thanked God that our late President had been
removed from among us without even a shadow on his
name, and that a Joshua had been raised up to replace
him. After appropriate music by the band, Eev, Eabbi
Isaacs, of the Broadway Synagogue, read a selection from
the Scriptures and deUvered a short prayer.
Eev. Dr. Samuel Osgood then read the following hymn,
composed only a few hours previously, by WiUiam C.
Bryant : ODE— ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
O, slow to smite and swift to spare.
Gentle and merciful and just.
Who in the fear of God did'st bear
T'he sword of power, the nation's trust.

196 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
In sorrow by thy bier we stand.
Amid the woe that hushes all.
And speak the anguish of a land
That shook with horror at thy fall.
Thy task is done, the bond are free —
We bear thee to an honored grave,
Whose noblest monument shall be
The broken fetters of the slave.
Pure was thy Ufe — ^its bloody close
Hath placed thee with the sons of Ught,
Among the noblest host of those
Who perished in the cause of right.
Dr. Osgood also read the foUoAving composition of Mr.
Bryant, which he said had not yet been pubUshed :
FUNERAL HYMN.
" Thou hast put aU things under his feet."
O North, with aU thy vales of green,
O South, with all thy palms.
From peopled towns, and fields between.
Uplift the voice of psalms ;
Raise, ancient East, the anthem-high,
And let the youthful West reply.
Lo! in the clouds of heaven appears
God's weU-beloved Son ;
He brings a train of brighter years —
His Kingdom is begun ;
He comes, a guilty world to bless
With mercy, truth, and righteousness.
O Father, haste the promised hour
When at his feet shall Ue
All rule, authority and power
Beneath the ample sky ;
Wheu He shaU reign from pole to pole,
Tbe Lord of every human soul.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 197
Archbishop McClosky being unavoidably absent, the
benediction was pronounced by Dr, Hitchcock, and the
assemblage then dispersed,
DEPARTURE FROM NEW TORK.
At three o'clock, the head of the procession having
reached the Hudson Eiver EaUroad depot in Twenty-ninth
street between Ninth and Tenth avenues, the column
halted and formed in line facing to the west, to aUow the
hearse and escort of mourners to pass. At half-past three
the approach of the hearse was made known by solemn
refrains of bands and the muffled roll of martial drums.
As it passed other bands and other drums caught up the
melancholy notes, regiments brought their arms to a pre
sent, officers saluted with thefr swords and colors draped
in the badges of mourning were lowered.
When the head of the procession reached the railroad
station the rear of it had not passed Fourteenth street.
It must have contained fuU sixty thousand men.
After the delivery of the remains to the charge of the
raifroad authorities, it was hours before the rear of the
procession ceased marching, and when the traiu, contain
ing the body of the President, started from the depot at
4:15, the procession was stUl progressing up Broadway,
The funeral escort passed out of Ninth avenue into
Twenty -ninth street in the foUowing order : —
Mounted troop. Eighth regiment. New York.
Superintendent Kennedy.
Inspectors Carpenter and Leonard.
Broadway Squad.
Grand Marshal and Aids.
Grafulla's Band.
Seventh regiment.

198 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
General Dix and Guard of Honor, mounted.

Escort.

Escort.

Naval officers.
The Mayor and Govemor Fenton.
Carriages containing foreign representatives.
Color guard, Irish brigade.
General Dix's body guard.
PoUce.
The Seventh regiment marched on the sidewalk, and,
forraing into fuU battalion front, presented arras to Gen
eral Dix as he passed by them.
The General and guard of honor dismounted at the sec
ond entrance and advanced to raeet the hearse, which had
halted raidway between the upper and lower enteance to
the depot,
A stafrcase with a top made so as to rest on the side of
the hearse and reaching frora the street, was then
placed in position ; the sergeants of the InvaUd corps as
cended it, and, raising the coffin descended with thefr
burden to the sidewalk. The guard presented arms and
aU the spectators uncovered. The pall-bearers, prece
ded by General Dix, then marched through the entrance
into the depot, where they were raet by the guard of honor.
In an article upon the exteaordinary character of the
obsequies, and the unparaUed conduct of the people the
New York Times, said : " As a raere pageant, the vast out
pouring of the people, the superb mUitary display, the
solemn grandeur and variety thrown into the procession
by the numberless national, friendly, trade and other civic
societies ; the grand accompaniment of music ; and, above
all, the subdued demeanor of the countless multitude of

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 199
onlookers, made the day meraorable beyond the experi
ence of the living generation.
" The teibute, unparaUed as it has been, in its character
and costliness, was not the heedless offerings of prodigal
ity, but primarily a prompt, spontaneous and deliberate
sacrifice by the industrious, the frugal, the pecuniarily re
sponsible body of the people. Viewed as such, it forms
not only the grandest oblation ever made on the altar of
departed worth, as embodied in Statesman, President or
Monarch, but it raises the character of the whole nation
far above the imputation of sordidness, of persistent and
unchangeable devotion to Mammon, so falsely urged
against it by outside commentators, whose pleasure and
privilege is uniform destruction. And we may also say
that, in the presence of the ready self-sacrifice which our
present bereavement has illustrated, the theory that re
publics are ungrateful raay at least bear revision."
NEW YORK TO ALBANY.
Two locomotive engines were set apart by the EaUway
company for the conveyance of the funeral train to
Albany, which were most beautifully and appropriately
decorated A^h mourning symbols for the occasion. The
"pilot engine" was the Constitution. The narae of the
locomotive which drew the teain was the Union, and the
decorations bestowed upon it were of the most elaborate
and tasteful description. The Union conveyed the Presi
dent from Albany to New Tork, while on his first tri
umphal progress from Springfield to Washington, in
1861. Mr, WUliam Eaymond was the engineer to the
train, and Mr. J. M. Toucey, assistant superintendent of
the road, acted as conducter, assisted by a carefully
selected staff of breaksmen. The train was composed of

200 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
eight cars, besides the funeral car, seven of which were
furnished by the railroad company, including a baggage
car. These cars were new, and neatly though not heavily
draped in black.
While the historic group standing on the platform was
superintending the depositing of the remains in the car,
its number was added to by the unexpected appearance
of Lieut.-Gen. Scott. The old General was simply attfred
iu citizen's clothes, wearing a deep crape band on his hat,
and was wrapped in a heavy regulation overcoat. He
was greeted with great feeling by the knot of Generals
who comprised the escort of honor, and replied to thefr
inquiries after his health with cordiality. The General
did not remain in the depot long, but after a cordial
greeting and adieu to the funeral party, retfred to his
carriage, leaning on the arm of a friend.
The word was given, and the parties who were to
accompany the reraains entered the cars assigned to
them. Governor Fenton was accompanied by Generals
BatcheUer, Merritt, Harvey and Swain ; Judges Davies
and Porter, of the Court of Appeals ; Messrs, Dawson
and Cassidy, representing the press ; Colonel L, L. Doty,
Lieutenant-Governor Alvord, with Senators D. A. Cole,
W. F. Laimbeer and Eobert Christie, and Assemblyman
S. P. Ingraham. General Dix also formed one of the
escort, accompanied by Colonel McMahon and Captain
Lord, of his staff.
At 4i o'clock the depot bell rang, and in a few minutes
the train began to move slowly off". As it passed down
the platform every one standing upon it removed his
hat. Outside of the gate of the depot yard, on Tenth
avenue, the immense throng stationed there received in
respectful and mournful sUence the very brief and unsat-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 201
isfactory gUmpse they gained of the coffin. The usual
hoarse clangor of the engine beU was deadened by the
tongue being muffled, and as the train moved off it gave
an indescribable afr' of mournfulness and of woe to the
scene. The train passed from New Tork to Albany without
stoppage, except for a few minutes at Poughkeepsie,
where a delegation frora the city government of Albany
met it. Along the entfre route the respect and sorrow of
the people were appropriately manifested. At Hastings,
the home of Commodore Farragut, a steiking meraorial
was erected near the depot. It consisted of a four col
umned arch, draped with mourning and flags, and bear
ing the foUowing inscription : " We will cherish the mem
ory of Abraham Li'ncoln by supporting the principles of free
government, for whioh he suffered martyrdom."
At one place a hundred school girls, dressed in white,
came down to the roadside. At another the track was
arched high over the cars with tablet flags and drapery,
andthe inscription "The Nation mourns a Nation's loss."
At a thfrd a young lady, representing the Goddess of
Liberty, knelt upon a dais, in sorrowing attitude, ono
hand grasping the flag whose folds, clad in transparent
black, feU by her side, while the other rested upon and
held fast to a floral anchor. Before her, on the same
dais, was a small monument, deeply and darkly clad, in
scribed simply " Abraham Lincoln." At West Point tho
Cadets were drawn up in line, half minute guns were
flred, and the bands discoursed funeral dirges. .After
dark torches at each station lighted up the scene for the
throngs who stood by, and bonflres blazed from jutting
rocks at many points.

10

202 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
ALBANY.
The funeral train arrived at Albany at eleven o'clock.
The remains were received at the depot by the appointed
committees and deposited in the hearse, which was drawn
by four gray horses draped and plumed. Carriages were
in attendance to receive the Governor and Joint Com
mittee. The city officials and many citizens of distinc
tion, with members of the Legislature, were also present
to join in the mourning train. The night was murky,
dry, starUght, still and pleasant. Frora the depot the
cortege moved to the ferry boat, and crossed to the west
side of the Hudson from East Albany. About a dozen
fli'e companies had assembled at the Albany landing,
bearing their lamp torches. Three companies of militia
from the Tenth Eegiment, and one from the Twenty-fifth,
were in attendance as escort. The steeets were thronged
as they had never been before. A profusion of sable
drapery prevailed at the depot, on the boat, and at every
point along the route, frora the landing at .Albany to the
platform where the remains lay in state in the Assembly
Chamber, The smoke and glare of the torch-lights, the
sUent tramp and the perfect hush of the people, as the
cortege moved on its way through the capital of the
State, was very impressive,
A large band led the procession vrith a dead march.
The Governor and committee, with the other attending
mourners in carriages, followed the hearse, the Guard
preceding and following, while the firemen, making a
fianking line on either side, comprised the order of the
procession to the Capitol,
At one o'clock on the morning of AprU 26th, the coffin
was opened and the face of the raartyred President ex
posed to view in the Capitol of New Tork. The coffin
rested upon a simple platforra, covered with black velvet.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 203
vrith sUver buUion ; a sUk flag of the Union was wound
around it. It was prepared and placed there by Thurlow
Weed's daughter. The Assembly Charaber was simply
but tastefuUy draped in mourning; one inscription, in
black reUef, extended over the Speaker's desk, in the
words of Lincoln — "I have sworn a solemn oath to preserve,
protect and defend the govemment."
TPhe people were admitted in two lines, and passed the
corpse in unbroken Unes untU two hours after mid-day,
when the doors were closed and the procession forraed,
which escorted the hearse and its honored burden to the
Central EaUway Depot. A reporter, who Aritnessed the
tribute of the people paid to the memory of Mr. Lincoln
at the Capital of the Empfre State, said :
" AU day the steeets have been crowded Arith people to
see the remains of the late beloved President. They
reached frora the Assembly Chamber at the Capitol to
the foot of State-street, in a prolonged and patient line
four deep. However enthusiastic and earnest the feeUng
kindled in the great cities through which the funeral pro
cession had passed, its approach through the State to the
great masses of the rural population of the interior indi
cates a power of feeling and unanimity of sentiment
which must present perraanent results in the jiubUc opin
ion of the country for generations."
Soon after two o'clock, the procession having been
forraed under Grand Marshal FrankUn Townsend, cora
raenced to move over the prescribed route. It was
composed of the 10th and 25th Eegiments of Albany, the
24th and the Light-Horse Battery of Troy, the State and
city authorities, the Ffre Department, and a large num
ber of civic societies. State-steeet, from the Capitol to
Broadway, and Broadway, from State to Lumber steeets.

204 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
altogether a distance exceeding a mile, was densely
packed during the march. Such a mass of human beings
(probably not less than 60,000) was never before seen in
the steeets of Albany. There were four bands, each Arith
a fuU drum corps, in line ; and as the procession moved
doAvn the hUl, the bands playing "Love Not," "Auld
Lang Syne," "Come and let ns worship," the effect
was thrUling. AU the buUdings along the route were
draped with mourning. Among the most touching mot
toes on house fronts were the following : " The heart of
the Nation throbs heavily at the portals of the tomb." "Let
us resolve that the Martyred dead shall not have died in
vain." ALBANY" TO BUFFALO.
The funeral train, under the immediate charge of Con
ductor Homer P. WUUaras, the General Superintendent,
H. W. ChiUinden, accompanying it, moved from the Al
bany Depot at four o'clock. In all the cities, tOAvns and
viUages along the thickly populated Une of the Centeal
raUway, deraonstrations were raade as appropriate and
suggestive as any which had been Aritnessed on the jour
ney from Washington. The reporter for the New Yorli
Tribune Avrote " that a funeral in each house in central
New Tork would hardly have added solemnity to the
day." The foUowing-named gentlemen accompanied the fu
neral procession through the State of New Tork, by in-
Adtation of Gov. Fenton : Judges Davies and Porter, of
the Court of Appeals ; Hon. Chauncey M, Depew, Secre
tary of State; Gens. Alex. W. Harvey and George
S. Batchellor ; E. Merritt and S. E. Marvin, Staff Offi
cers ; Col. L. L. Doty, of the MUitary Bureau ; George
Dawson, ofthe Albany Journal, and Wm. Cassady, ofthe
Argus amd Atlas. Gov. Fenton himself could not attend

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 205
the party, owing to the fact that the Legislature was on
the eve of adjournment.
In addition to the usual tokens of respect, processions,
firing of guns, solemn music, sable drapery, there were
several In central New Tork entitled to perraanent
record. At Schenectady ladies were seen shedding tears.
The signal men bore in thefr hands white square flags,
bordered vrith black. At Little FaUs a note, of which
the folloAring is a copy, was presented in behalf of the
ladies : LiTTu: Fatt.s, Wednesday AprU. 26.
The ladies of Little Falls, through their committee, present these
flowers and the shield, as an emblem of the protection which oui
beloved President ever proved to the Uberties of the American
people. The cross, of his ever faithful trust in God, and the wreath as the
token that we mingle our tears Avith those of an affiicted nation.
Mrs. S. M. Richmond,
Mrs. E. W. Hopkins,
Mrs. Powers Green,
Mrs. J H. BucKiJcsr,
Miss Minnie Hill,
Miss Helen Brooks,
Miss Maria Brooks,
Miss Mart Shaw, Committee.
The floral emblems were deposited on the coffin, the
band, meanwhUe, performing a dirge. Women and men
were moved to tears at this solemn exhibition of heart
felt regard.
At Syracuse, the sable decorations attracted especial
attention. A company of veteran reserves were in at
tendance to pay honors to the iUustrious dead ; a band
of music played a dirge as the train entered the depot,
and a choir of an hundred voices sang appropriate hymns
during the stoppage of the train. A smaU bouquet was

206 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
handed to the delegate from Idaho (Hon. W. H. WaUace),
npon which were the appropriate words — "The last teib
ute of respect from Mary Vfrginia Eaynor, a Uttle gfrl of
three years of age. Dated Syracuse, AprU 26, 1865,"
It was laid on the President's coffin by Gen, Aken.
The train reached Eochester at twenty minutes past
three o'clock on the morning of April 27th. On the north
side of the raUroad station were drawn up in Une the
Fifty-Fourth National Gnard State teoops, first company
of Veteran Eeserves, and hospital soldiers and a battery
attached to the Twenty-Fifth brigade, and the first com
pany of Union Blues, The Independent and new Marines
regimental band played a funeral dfrge. On the south
side were the Mayor Arith twenty-five members of the com
mon councU of Eochester, together with Gen. John WiU
iams and staff. Major Lee, comraanding the post, Arith his
corps of assistants, and Gen, Martindale and staff.
The funeral party had been increased by the addition
of Ex-President FUlraore, and Messrs, J, A, Verplank,
J, GaUasten, James Sheldon, S, S, Jewett, Henry Martin,
PhUip Dorsheimer, J. P, SUvens, E. S. Prosser, John
WUkinson, Henry Morrison, N. P. Hopkinson, on behalf
of the Mayor of Buffalo. BUFFALO.
The firing of cannon and tolUng of beUs announced the
arrival of the teain bearing the remains of the assasina-
ted Chief of the Nation at Buffalo, at seven o'clock A, M,,
AprU 27th. It was met at the depot by a large concourse
of people.
The procession was formed between 7 and 8 o'clock and
proceeded toward St. James' HaU, under a civU and mili
tary escort. The coffin was prominently in view of the
very many persons who lined the steeets through which

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 207
the cortege passed. The hearse was heaAdly covered with
black cloth, surmounted with an arched roof and tastefuUy
teimmed with white satin and silver lace.
An extensive display of the military and cirilians was
omitted, in view of the fact that Buffalo had a funeral
procession on the day the obsequies took place at Wash
ington. The procession reached the Toung Men's Asso
ciation Building at 9:35 A. M. The body was taken from
the funeral car and carried by soldiers up into St. James'
Hall, and deposited on the dias in the presence of the ac
companying officers, the guards of honor, and the Union
Continentals, commanded by N. K. Hall. The reraains
were placed under a crape canopy, extending from the ceil
ing to the floor. The space was lighted by a large chan
delier. In the gaUery outside the canopy, was the Buffalo
St. Cecelia, Society, an amateur American music associa
tion, who, as the remains were brought in, sang with deep
pathos the dirge, "Eest, spfrit, rest," affecting CA^ery
heart and raoving many to tears. The society then placed
an elegantly formed harp, made of choice white flowers,
at the head of the coffin as a tribute from them to the
honored dead. Shortly after this the public were admit
ted, Ex-President Fillmore was among the civilians es
corting the remains to St, James' Hall. Company D, Sev
enty-Fourth regiment, Capt. J. C. Bowles, which acted as
an escort to President Lincoln four years previous, from
and to the depot, on his way to Washington, took pait in
the funeral procession. The remain s were visited through
the day from half-past nine in the morning until eight in
the evening by an iraraense number of persons. During
the morning there was placed at the foot of the coffin an
anchor of white camelias, from the ladies of the Unitarian
Church of Buffalo. A cross of white flowers was also laid
upon the coffin.

208 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
The procession, with the remains, left St, James' HaU
about 8:45 o'clock, escorted to the depot by the mUitary,
foUowed by a large crowd. The train left at about 10
o'clock for Cleveland, BUFFALO TO CLEVELAND.
Between Buffalo and Cleveland the people of New
Tork, Pennsylvania and of Ohio, testified in great num
bers and vrith tasteful symbols and elaborate demonstea-
tions, respect which was heartfelt, and sorrow which
sought close sympathy.
At Dunkirk, a group of thirty-six young ladies, repre
senting the States of the Union, appeared on the railway
platform, dressed in white, each with a broad, black
scarf resting on the shoulder, and holding in her hand a
national flag.
At Westfield, at one o'clock in the morning, a party of
five ladies, namely, Mrs. Drake, Arife of Col. Drake, kiUed
at Cold Harbor ; Mrs. F. B. Brewer, Mrs. L, A, Skinner,
and Miss Abbie and Miss Elizabeth Tucker, brought in a
cross and a wreath of flowers. On the cross were the
words — " Ours the Cross ; Thine the CroAvn." All of
them were affected to tears, and considered it a sacred
privilege to kiss the coffin.
At the line which separates New Tork from Pennsyl
vania, Major-Gen. Dix and staff took leave ofthe funeral
procession, and F. F. Farrar, Mayor of Erie ; George W.
Starr, F. B. Vincent, E. P. Bennett, J, T, Walsher and
Capt. F. A, Eoe, U, S, N., came on board the cars.
Miss Leonora Crawford, aged 12 years, at this point
presented a cross and wreath with the words " Eest in
Peace," attached. The scene was illuminated by a large
bonfire and Chinese lanterns.
At Wickliffe, Governor Brough, on behalf of Ohio, re-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 209
ceived the funeral party. At that point his staff joined
him, consisting of Genl. B. E. Cowen, Adjt.-Genl. ; Genl.
Merrill Barlow, Q. M. Genl. ; Genl. E. N, Barr, Surgeon-
Genl, ; Col. Sidney D. Maxwell, Aid-de-Camp ; Lt.-Col,
John T, Mercer, Asst, Adjt.-Genl. ; F. A. Marble, Esq.,
Private Secretary,
Major-Genl. Joseph Hooker, commanding the Northern
Department of Ohio, also joined the funeral party at
Wickliffe, under orders frora the War Department, to
accompany the President's remains to Springfield, with
his staff, including Col. Swords, Asst, Q. M, Genl. ; Lieut.
Simpson, U. S. Engineers ; Lieut.-Col. Lathrop, Assist,
Inspector-Genl, ; Major Bannister, Chief Paymaster ;
Major MacFeely, Commissary, U. S. A. ; and Capt. Tay
lor. United States Senator Sherman, Hon. S. Galloway,
Hon. Octavious Waters and Major Montgomery, also met
the remains at Wickliffe ; together with a number of the
prominent citizens of Northern Ohio, who had been ap
pointed at Cleveland a committee to attend the funeral
procession from the State Une to that city.
There was a special feature about the running of the
teain from Erie to Cleveland that deserves notice. As
far as possible, everything connected with the train was
the same as on the occasion of Mr. Lincoln's journey over
that road in 1861, The locomotive (the " WiUiam Case")
was the same. The engineer, Wm, Congden, was dead,
and the engine was run by John Benjamin, The fireman
in 1861, George Martin, was engineer, but asked and ob
tained the privilege of again acting as fireman on the
teain. The same conductor, E. D, Page, had control of
the train. Superintendent Henry Nottingham, as before,
had the complete management. The pilot engine, "Idaho,"
which preceded the teain ten minutes, was run by en
gineer J. McGuire, and fireman Frank Keehen.

210 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
CLEVELAND.
As soon as it was definitely ascertained that the remains
of President Lincoln would pass through Cleveland on
their way to Springfield, measures were taken to extend
to them the honor due from a grateful people to their be
loved Chief Magistrate. The first raovement originated
in the City CouncU, in the shape of a series of resolutions
introduced by Amos ToAvnsend, appropriate to the occa
sion, authorizing the appointment of a coramittee, Arith
the Mayor as chafrman, to raake the necessary prepara
tions. This coraraittee consisted of George B. Senter,
Mayor, Thomas Jones, Jr., President of the Council, and
Joseph Sturges, Ansel Eoberts and Amos ToAvnsend,
Trustees, It held its first meeting at the Mayor's office
on Wednesday evening, AprU 19, when George B, Senter
was chosen perraanent Chafrman, and Thomas Jones, Jr.,
permanent Secretary,
The Board of Trade took action on Thursday, and ap
pointed PhUo Chamberlin, E, T, Lyon, J, F, Freeman, S.
F. Lester, W. Murray and A, J. Begges, a committee to
co-operate with the coramittee from the City CouncU in
aU matters pertaining to the reception of the remains of
the President, This committee met with the CouncU
comraittee on Saturday evening, and on motion was in
corporated with that committee.
The Council committee in the meantime had added to
their number several prominent citizens, and the aug
mented committee took the name of the General Commit
tee of Arrangements, and consisted of the foUowing gen
tlemen :
Hon, George B, Senter, Chafrman ; Thomas Jones, Jr.,
and J. C. Sage, Secretaries ; Ansel Eoberts, Hon, E, P,
Spalding, Gen, A, S, Sanford, Col, W, H. Hayward, W.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 211
B. Castle, E. T. Lyon, W. Murray, S. F. Lester, A. Stone,
Jr., L, M, Hubby, Joseph Sturges, Amos Townsend, Hon,
H, Payne, Col. Jas. Barnett, Wra. Binghara, Philo Cham
berlin, J. F. Freeman, A. J. Begges, H. M. Chapin, M.
Barlow. At the meeting of the General Committee of Arrange
ments on Saturday evening, April 22d, the foUowing
sub-committees were raised, and the Mayor authorized to
designate the names of gentlemen to fill them : On Loca
tion of Eemains, Eeception, Procession, MiUtary Enter
tainment, Music, Decoration and Carriages.
As fiUed by Mayor Senter the sub-committees were as
foUows :
On Localion of Remains. — ^PhUo ChamberUn, H. B.
Payne, Ansel Eoberts, Wm. Bingham, A. S. Sanford, and
Amasa Stone, Jr.
On Reception. — George B. Senter, Chafrman, Thomas
Jones, Jr., Ansel Eoberts, Joseph Sturges, Amos Town-
send, Hon. David Tod, Hon. Wm. B. Castle, Hon. H. B.
Payne, Hon. H. M. Chapin, Amasa Stone, Jr., Hon. E. S.
Flint, Hon. E. C, Parsons, Hon. H. V. WiUson, General
M. Barlow, M. E, Keith, Hon, S. O. Griswold, Hon, F. J.
Dickman, S. D. McMUlen, Anson Stager, Hon. George
Mygatt, Hon. John Brough, Hon. E, P, Spalding, Hon.
S. WiUiamson, C. W. Palmer, PhUo ChamberUn, Hon.
F. T. Backus, StiUman Witt, W. H. Trascott, George
A. Benedict, Hon. A. Everett, T. P. Handy, D. B. Sexton,
T. M. KeUey, L. A. Pierce, Hon. Samuel Starkweather,
Hon. John A. Foot.
On Procession. — Col. James Barnett, Wm. Bingham,
Col. John P. Eoss, Silas Merchant, Amos Townsend, Col.
W. H. Hayward, Capt. F. W. Pelton, Capt, B, L. Spangler,
On Military.— Gen. A. S, Sanford, Col, Chas, Whittie-

212 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
sey, Wm. Bingham, Col. W. H. Hayward, Major J. D.
Palmer. On Untertainment. — Thomas Jones, Jr., Earl BUl, John
A. Wheeler, Joseph Sturges, E. Cowles.
On Music. — B. Seymour, E. T. Lyon, E. CraAvford,
Daniel Stephan.
On Decoration. — John M. Sterling, Peter Thatcher, B.
Butts, F. E. EUiott, T. Eoss, Dr. E, Sterling, Wm. Beck-
enbach, Capt. Spaulding, Geo. Howe.
On Carriages. — Nelson Purdy, William Murray, David
Price, Peter Goldrick.
To Meet fhe Remains. — Hon. E. P. Spalding, Gov. Darid
Tod, Thomas Jones, Jr., Col. Anson Stager, Amasa Stone,
Jr., Hon. H. B. Payne, Hon. John A. Foot, Hon. H. V.
WiUson, Stillman Witt, Ansel Eoberts, WiUiam Bingham,
Hon, Wm, B, Castle, Charles Hickox, John Martin, Hon,
Wm, Collins, H, N. Johnson, Dr. G. C. E. Weber, Dr.
Proctor Thayer, E, Cowles, H. B, Hurlbut, Jacob Hovey,
James Worswick, George Willey, Lemuel Crawford,
At a subsequent raeeting of the General Committee of
Arrangements the following gentlemen were selected to
act as a Civic Guard of Honor :
Fayette Brown, Chafrman, H. F. Brayton, E, Simms,
Charles Pettingell, John Bousfield, Geo. W. T\ oodworth,
C, L, EusseU, George W, Gardner, M, B, Clark, James
Worswick, A. T, Brinsmade, E, Cowles, O, N. Skeels,
AUayne Maynard, Samuel Starkweather, T, S. Beckwith,
C, S. McKenzie, E, Chester, H. J. Herrick, K. Hays, Geo,
Presly, J. W. Fitch, L. M. Pitkin, H. D, Euggles, E, Eock
weU, Ch. Glasser, John Hartness, A, E. Burlison, E, E,
Perkins, John Huntington, S. H, Benedict, F, T, Wallace,
Harvey Eice, Jacob Hovey, S, H, Mather, Geo, 0, Dodge,
D. W, Cross, James PanneU, Jaraes J, Tracy, E, K.
Wfrislow, John E, Carey, G, W, Calkms, E, J, Estep, J,

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 213
P. Bishop, WiUiam Jones, H, K, Eeynolds, F, C, Keith,
H. C. McFariand, V. C. Taylor, Geo. B. Ely, S, Hyman,
J. H. Morley, A. J. Wenham, L. L. Lyon, W. P. Fogg,
J. C. Calhoun, Chas. Whitaker, E. J. Gorham, Moses
KeUey, T. W. Leek, H. N. Eaymond, M. L. Brooks, B. F,
Piexotto, S. Thorraan, Frank W. Parsons, E. S. Eoot, A.
B, Stone, A, Chisholm, G. A, Hyde, H. C, Hawkins, E,
E, Mix, C. C. Eogers, Augustus Thieme, Jacob Schroeder,
Wm, Hart, C. A, Eead, Eeuben Becker, J. P, Eobinson,
S, M. Carpenter, James HUl, S. W, Crittenden, H, S.
Davis, G. B. Murphey, C. A, Brayton, W. M. Crowell,
Peter Thatcher, N. M, Standard, Wm. Melbinch, S. M.
Steong, J. M. Perkins, T. J. Burrin, G. Herrick, J. C. BueU,
Wm. J. Smith, Henry Blafr, J.V. Painter, E. S. WUlard,
Thos. Quayle,"; James Mason, Joseph Perkins, WUliam
CoUins, J. F. Clark, Thomas Burnham, John H. Gorham,
W. J. Boardman, Arthur Quinn, Charles Hickox, H. G,
Hitchcock, Eobt. F. Paine, William Edwards, H. Harvey,
S, L. Mather, H, B. Hurlbut, W. F. Otis, C, W, Coe, M.
C, Tounglove, A. G. ColweU, H. C. Blossom, W. V, Craw,
B. Lampson, E, M, Peck, Frank Kelly, Geo, F. MarshaU,
E, P, Morgan, E, W, Sackrider, J.B, Glenn, C, S, Hobbs,
J, A, Eedington, J. A. Harris, H. G. Abbey, John F.
Warner, D. P. EeUs, John C. Grannis, Geo. H. Burt, C.
W. Noble, F. J. Prentiss, C, A, Oramb, Addison HUls,
Geo, A. Stanley, Geo, F, Aimsteong, Joseph Eanderson,
Chas, Evatt, O. 0. ScovUle, P. Eoeder, H. W. Leutke-
meyer, C. J. BaUard, A. Eettberg, Louis Smithknight, B.
Steadman, I. Buckingham, W. Lawty, W. WeUhouse, L.
A. Benton, H. J. Hoyt, T. D. EeUs.
The Guard was divided into six squads, under the di
rection of the foUoAring gentlemen :
1st Aid — J. Ensworth ; 2d Aid — Louis Smithknight ;
3d Aid — Eobert Hanna ; 1st Assistant — Peter Thatcher ;

214 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
2d Assistant— H. F. Brayton ; 3d Assistant— F, T. Wal
lace ; 4th Assistant— J, P. Eobinson ; 5th Assistant— Geo,
F, MarshaU; 6th Assistant — Thomas Quayle,
The Committee on Location of Eemains found no room
or buUding, in which to place the remains, suitable to
accommodate the vast crowd that woidd be present and
wish to take the last look at thefr late President. The
Committee therefore decided to erect upon the east side
of the Park a proper structure. The Committee of
Arrangements authorized the erection, and the buUding
was iraraediately comraenced, and on Thursday night
was completed. It stood directly east of the Monument,
and was an oblong structure twenty-four by thfrty-six:
feet, and fourteen feet high. The roof was pagoda
shaped, and over the centee of the main roof was a sec
ond roof, raised about four feet, and forming a canopy
over the catafalque. The sides and ends of the buUding
were open above the low breastwork, which was covered
Arith black cloth. The roof was supported by piUars
shrouded in black and white, and the open sides were
elegantly draped Arith festoons of white and black, looped
up with rosettes of white and black. The roof was of
white canvas, the ribs supporting it being shrouded in
black. The ends of the buUding were heavily draped
Arith black cloth. Over each end of the buUding was a
large golden eagle with the national shield. The sides
supporting the second roof were covered Arith black cloth
on the outside, on which were fastened beautiful ever
green Avreaths and floral devices. At the east end of the
buUding, where the procession entered, were sis splendid
regimental flags of silk. Eight immense plumes of black
crape surmounted the sides of the buUding. Slender flag
poles bearing crape streamers and mourning flags were
ranged along the top of the buUding. Evergreen and

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 215
floral wreaths were used to loop up the drapery and crown
the capitals of the colurans. Directly over the upper
roof was a steearaer stretched between two flag poles,
bearing the inscription frora Horace : " Uxtinctus amabitur
idem " (Dead, he Avill be loved the same).
The inside of the buUding was in admirable keeping
with the exterior decorations. Heavy drapery of black
cloth, festoons of evergreen, and floral Avreaths and bou
quets completely shrouded the piUars and roof. In the
centre was the catafalque, a raised dais, twelve feet long,
four feet wide, and about two feet high to the underside
of the coffin. The floor and sides of the dais were cov
ered with black cloth and velvet. The floor was so in
clined that on enteringthe buUding the visitors were able
at once to see the remains and keep them in sight untU
nearly leaving the buUding. From the corners of the
dais sprang four slender columns supporting a canopy
draped with black cloth with silver fringe, and the cor
ners of the canopy hung with silver tassels. The capi
tals of the pUlars were wreathed with flowers. At the
head and foot of the dais were several seats covered Arith
black cloth, designed for the use of the Guard of Honor.
The floor of the buUding was covered thickly with mat
ting, so as to deaden every sound. The buUding was
well Ut with gas at night. The people entered from the
east and passed through the broad passages on each side
of the dais, going out on the west side. ClcA^eland was
the flrst place on the route of the funeral cortege where
a special buUding had been erected for the reception of
the remains.
Mayor Senter appointed the foUowing gentlemen as
PaU Bearers :
Hon. John Brough, Hon. David Tod, Hon.' John Sher
man, Hon. E, P, Spalding, Hon. James M. Ashley, Hon.

216 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
J. C. Devon, Hon, Horace Foot, Hon, John CroweU,
Hon, J, P. Eobison, Hon, D, E, TUden, Gen. E. P. Buck-
land, Gen. O, M, Oriatt,
Every train that arrived on the railroads during Thurs
day and Thursday night, was flUed ; all the hotels were
crowded, and hundreds of persons were unable to pro
cure even a sleeping place upon the floor.
The symbols of mourning were universal. Men,
women and children, of aU classes and conditions, wore
some badge or symbol of sorrow. Toward eA''ening of
Thursday the citizens on Superior, Euclid, Prospect,
Bank and other streets, and around the Square, com
menced to drape their dwellings and places of business.
Along the line designated for the passing of the proces
sion, the draping was very elaborate, tasteful, and almost
universal. The foUowing was the order of proceedings for the day,
as promulgated by Col, James Barnett, Chief Marshal :
The following programme of arrangements is announced for the
solemnization of the obsequies of Abraham Lincoln, late President
of the United States, in this city, on Friday, the 28th inst.
The beUs of the city wiU be tolled during the moving of the pro
cession. The shipping in the harbor, and the proprietors of public houses
and others, are requested to display their colors at half-mast during
the day.
It is earnestly requested that all places of business or amusement
be closed during the day.
Vehicles of all kinds will be withdrawn from the streets through
which the procession wiU pass, and none will be allowed in the pro
cession except those, designated.
Delegations will be promptly at their places of rendezvous, pre
pared to march at the appointed time, failing in which, they will be
excluded from their positions, and will take their places on the left.
A national salute of thirty-six guns will by fired by the Sth Inde
pendent Battery, at 7 o'clock a. m., and half-hour guns thereafter
until sunset.

LINCOLN MEMORIiVL, 217
The procession will move from the Euclid street station at 7:30 A.
M., through Euclid street to Erie, down Erie to Superior, down
Superior to the Park, where the remains will be deposited in tlie
building erected for that purpose, and exposed to view until 10
o'clock P. 31.
At daybreak on Friday raorning the citizens were
startled from their slumbers by a salute of artillery, and
in a very short time the whole city was astfr. By six
o'clock the streets were crowded with people, some wend
ing their way down to the Union depot, to the Park, or
to other advantageous positions on the line of march,
whilst throngs of people started for the Euclid street
depot, from which the procession was to start. Thousands
of people from the country and from other cities had
arrived during the preceding days of the week, and all
night the streets had been crowded. The weather was
gloomy and threatened rain, and by the time the train
arrived the rain began to fall steadily but not heavily.
The city could scarcely have looked to better advantage,
in spite of the rain, as the dust was laid, and the partly
opened foliage, with its delicate green tint, lent beauty
to the elegant dwelUngs and grounds along the avenues
through which the procession was to pass.
The importance and solemnity of thc occasion was evi
dently appreciated by every one. The dense crowds that
Uned the streets frora the Euclid street depot to the Pub
lic Square, the numerous badges of mourning worn, the
heaAoly draped buUdings, and the uniform stillness and
decorum of the immense gathering of people, testified to
the respect and love borne to the deceased by the people
of Cleveland and the surrounding country. The immense
crowd was hourly added to by the trains and steamers
arriving from different points,
10*

i'18 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
PunctuaUy at seven o'clock the funeral train ran into
the Union depot. The sight as it passed down the Lake
Shore track was impressive, and was witnessed by a great
crowd of people on the bank. On reaching the depot, the
locomotive of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh EaUroad,
tastefuUy draped, took the train in its reversed position
and drew it to the EucUd Street station, arriving there
about twenty minutes after seven o'clock. As the train
moved up, a national salute of thfrty-six guns was fired.
As the train came up the Lake Shore track a very beau
tiful incident took place. Miss Fields, of Wilson street,
had erected an arch of evergreens on the bank of the
Lake near the track, and as the train passed appeared in
the arch as the Goddess of Liberty in mourning.
On arriving at the Euclid Street depot the train was
stopped so that the funeral car lay nearly across the road.
The depot was heavily draped with mourning and flags,
and a draped flag hung from a line stretched directly
across the road. The Veteran Eeserve Corps were drawn
up arouud the funeral car, eight of them being ready to
carry the coffin, Avhilst the others formed in line on either
side with drawn swords presented. The Guard of Honor
stood on one side, and Governor Brough and staff, Arith
the leading members of the Committees and the PaU-
Bearers, on the other. The Camp Chase Band stood in
front of the depot, and the hearse was drawn up a few
yards distant. The hearse Avas surmounted with large
black and white plumes, and the national colors draped.
The hangings were of black velvet, with heavy sUver
fringe and silver tassels, fastened up with crape rosettes,
each with a silver star in the centre, A beautiful Avreath
of flowers hung at the head of the hearse, and the bed on
which the coffin was to rest was strewn thickly with white
blossoms. Six white horses, decorated with festoons of

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 219
crape, looped up with crape rosettes and silver stars,
drew the hearse, and were attended by six colored grooms,
wearing crape and mourning rosettes. The decorations
were arranged and executed by Mrs. E. F. Paine.
At a signal given, the band played a solemn dirge, and
the cofQn was taken out of the car and borne to the hearse
on the shoulders of the Veteran Eeserves, the other Vet
eran Eeserves marching by its side with drawn swords,
attended by the paU-bearers and guard. On the head of
the cofl&n was a cross of white flowers, and a wreath of
similar flowers at the foot.
The hearse, surrounded by the Veteran Eeserve Guard,
with the Pall-Bearers on either side, the Guard of Honor,
mounted, following, and preceded by the band playing a
dfrge, passed up WUson Avenue. The 29th O, N. G, was
drawn up in line, and saluted the cortege as it passed. The
Civic Guard of Honor met the hearse on Prospect street,
and saluted it, when the cortege turned, and went back
to Euclid steeet, when the procession was formed accord
ing to programme.
The crowd around the station was exceedingly large,
but owing to the excellent police arrangements and the
orderly character of the people, there was no trouble or
confusion. The large space reserved was kept perfectly
clear. When the coffin was brought from the car, so
great was the anxiety of the people to see it, that num
bers, most of them women, got under the train and re
mained there until warned off by the police to save thefr
Uves. The scene when the procession started was very
solemn. A slight rain fell, dripping like tears on the re
mains of the good man in whose honor the crowd had
gathered, but not enough to be heeded by the people
assembled. The street was Uned with a continuous waU
of people, and the yards and houses were also crowded.

220 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
The long perspective of Euclid street stretched away in
unrivaled beauty, and the procession, Arith its solid
column, great length, and imposing display, made up a
scene never equaled in Cleveland, There was scarcely
any variation frora the published order of the Chief
Marshal in the formation of the procession.
First came the MiUtary Escort, Colonel Hayward com
manding, led by the Camp Chase Band, The escort
consisted of the 29th Eegiment Ohio National Guard, and
the Sth Independent Battery, under the command of Lieu
tenant Grenninger. The escort was followed by Major-
General Hooker and staff, and officers of the army, on
horseback. Then came Governor Brough and staff, and
the Pall-Bearers, in carriages. The Hearse came next
followed by the Escort of Honor that accompanies the
remains from Washington to Springfleld, The General
Committee of Arrangeraents, Civic Guard of Honor, and
Clergy followed on foot. This closed the, Ffrst Division,
which was under the dfrection of Colonel O, H, Payne,
Assistant Marshal,
The Second Division, under the dfrection of Amos
ToAvnsend, Esq., Assistant Marshal, was led by the De
troit City Band. In this division were the foUowing
societies and bodies : United States civU officers. Earl
Bill, Marshal ; a large number of returned veteran sol
diers, under command of Captain James K. O'EeiUy;
City CouncU and other city officers ; Cleveland Board of
Trade, and members of Boards of Trade from other cities;
a delegation of citizens from Meadville, Captain Derrick
son acting as Marshal.
George H. Burt, Esq., had charge of the Third Diris
ion, which was led by the Detroit Light Guard Band,
The Knights Templar foUowed the band, dressed in fuU
regalia, with thefr banners, etc, draped in mourning.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 221
They acted as an escort to the Order of Free and Ac
cepted Masons, some in regalia and others wearing a
sprig of evergreen on thefr breasts. Bigelow Lodge,
West Side, turned out eighty strong, in full regalia,
vrith banners and emblems of the Order all appropriately
draped. Following the Masons came the Order of Odd
Fellows, about a thousand strong, also with regalia and
banners dressed with weeds of sorrow. Among the Odd
Fellows from outside the city, were Cataract Lodge No.
295, from Newburgh, and members from other places.
The Fourth Division was under direction of Major ~\V.
P. Edgarton, Assistant Marshal. Next to the Temper
ance Band, which was at the head of this Dirision, came
the Father Matthew Temperance Society, very strong in
numbers, wearing thefr sashes and carrying thefr ban
ners, aU clothed in mourning. The Fenian Brotherhood
followed the Temperance Society, and after them came
the Laboring men's Union, carrying a banner with the
motto : — " We mourn the loss of our President ; Labor
is the Wealth of the Nation ; United we Stand, Divided
we FaU." The St, Bonifacius Society came next, fol
lowed by the Aurora Band, from the West Side, Fol
lowing the Band were the St, Joseph Society, St, Vin
cent Society, St. Andrew's Society, St, George's Society,
and Mona's Eelief Society, AU these Societies were in
fuU ranks, bearing thefr distinctive banners and em
blems. The Fifth Division, in charge of Assistant Marshal
Major Seymour Eace, embraced the members of the
Ancient Order of Good Fellows; Ohio City Lodge of
Good Fellows; the Hungarian Association, with their
national badges and colors ; and Solomon and Montefiore
Lodges I, O, B, B,, under the marshalship of B. F,

222 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
Peisotto, Grand Master of the Order in the United
States. Leland's Band led the Fifth Division.
The Srsth Division was under the direction of Captain
BasU L. Spangler, Assistant Marshal. The first society
represented in this Division was the German Benevolent
Mutual Society. This Society was followed by Eureka
Lodge No. 14 of Colored Masons ; 1188 G. U. O. O. F.,
also colored. This Society carried a banner on which
was inscribed : " We mourn for Abraham Lincoln, the
True Friend of Liberty." The Colored Equal Eights
League foUowed. Cleveland Division No. 275 and Forest
City Temple No. 52, Sons of Temperance, came next, and
the Seamen's Union closed the organized procession.
The Union carried a smaU fuU-rigged bark, with flag at
half-mast. The Chief Marshal, Col. James Barnett, and his val
uable assistants. Col. J. P. Eoss, Silas Merchant, Col. 0.
H. Payne, Amos ToAvnsend, George H. Burt, Maj. W. P,
Edgarton, Major S. Eace, and Capt. B, L. Spangler,
forraed and conducted the long procession with the most
perfect order. There was no confusion, no noise, and aU
the different Societies and bodies fell into the places in
the procession aUotted to them on time and with the pre
cision of clock-work.
After the procession started from the depot, it moved
slowly and solemnly, without stop or detention, untU it
reached the Square, As it neared the western end of
Euclid street, the number of people began to increase
untu the sidewalks and far into the street became a solid
mass ; but there was no noise or confusion in the crowd
that lined the streets on the line of march. All seemed
imjjressed with the deep solemnity of the occasion.
The draping of the houses and buildings in mournuig
along the route of the procession was almost universal.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 223
There was not a house on Euclid street, from the Square
to the Euclid street Depot, which did not display some
symbol of grief. Prospect and raany other streets were
also very generaUy draped. The greatest display, how
ever, was on Superior and EucUd streets, and around the
Square. On City High School building was a large
shield, surrounded by flags, intertAvined with white and
black mourning. At the residence of A. B. Stone, Esq.,
on EucUd steeet, was the foUowing teuthful raotto : " His
aims were for his God, his Countey, and Truth, He died
a blessed Martyr," At Eouse's Block, corner of Supe
rior street and the Square, was a profuse display of fes
toons of white and black, flags, &c., and on the Square
front the motto : " An Honest man — the noblest work."
The County Court House, City CouncU HaU, the Gov
ernment BuUding, and other places around the Square
near the paviUon in which the remains reposed duiing
the day, were aU tastefuUy and appropriately dressed in
mourning. The entire front of E, I. Baldwin's store was covered
with black, on which was the motto: — "A glorious
career of service and devotion is crowned Arith a martyr's
death." All the other prominent business buUdings were
tastefuUy and elaborately decorated. The ladies con
nected Avith the Soldiers' Aid Society displayed much
taste in the draping of the front of their rooms. Their
windows were covered on the inside with a white back-
gxound, on which was neatly arranged folds of black,
and on the outside were many rosettes and small flags,
also appropriately arranged. All the hotels, telegraph
offices and express offices were appropriately draped.
There were over six thousand in the procession of or
ganized societies. After the main procession passed a
given point, the citizens feU in behind and followed it

224 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
through the pavUion, in the same good order as charac
terized the proceedings. There was a considerable crush
at the entrance gate on Superior street, but no boister
ous actions. The admfrable arrangements of the Com
mittee for preserving order in the neighborhood of the
building where the remains were to be placed prevented
confusion. The procession entered the enclosure by the
East gate, and after the removal of the body to the buUd
ing, flled out at the EockweU street gate. The 29th 0.
N. G. occupied positions inside the enclosure, and were
stationed as sentinels at numerous points. The hearse
was driven up to the south side of the pavUion, and the
coffin borne on the shoulders of Veteran Eeserves to the
place prepared for it under the canopy. As the body
passed the band played a dirge. As soon as the coffin
was placed on the dais, a committee of ladies advanced
and placed on it a number of floral ornaments and ever
greens, wreathed in the forms of crosses and coronals.
The embalmer and undertaker opened the coffin and in
spected the remains. The Eight Eeverend Charles Pettit
Mcllvaine, Bishop of the Diocese of Ohio, advanced to
the coffin and read from the Burial Service of the Epis
copal Church :
"I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord ; he
that believeth in rae, though he were dead, yet shall he
live; and whosoever livith and believeth in me shall
never die.
"We brought nothing into the world, and it is certain
we can carry nothing out. The Lord gave, and the Lord
hath taken away ; blessed be the name of the Lord.
"Man that is born of a woman, hath but a short time
to live, and is full of misery. He cometh up, and is cut
down, like a flower ; he fleeth as it were a shadow and
never continueth in one stay.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 225
"In the midst of life we are in death; of whom may
we seek for succor, but of thee, O Lord, who for our sins
art justly displeased?"
Bishop Mcllvaine then offered an eloquent prayer, iu
which he prayed that this great affliction maybe of good
to the people. He prayed for blessing on the family of
the deceased, and for health and blessing on Secretary
Seward, whom the assassin tried, but failed to destroy.
For President Johnson he asked that he might be led to
follow the great example set him by his Ulustrious prede
cessor. The religious services being concluded, the procession
flled through the PavUion, passing through both aisles.
Many were affected to tears. The invalid soldiers from
the military hospital, who were drawn up inside the in
closure previous to the arrival of the procession, passed
through, and many a bronzed veteran's eyes were wet as
he gazed npon him who had laid down his Ufe for his
countey. After the procession had passed through, the
public were admitted, and thousands poured in a steady
steeam, vrithout haste or confusion.
The heavy rain which continued to fall from the flrst
start of the procession down to the removal of the body
from the building to the cars, seemed to have no effect in
damping the eagerness of the people to take a last look
at the remains of their beloved President. All day long
the endless procession marched through Arithout a break
or pause, and when the lamps were lit the crowd thick
ened rather than diminished. The crowds seeking ad
mission were formed by the police outside the inclosure
into a column four deep, and those desirous of seeing the
remains had to fall into the rear of the column and await
thefr turn to enter. The column, on entering the inclo-
11

223 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Bi.re, passed up to the east end of the Pavilion, where it
separated into two columns, each of two abreast, and
1! arched through on either side ofthe catafalque, passing
along, on emerging to the monument, where they either
A\ cut westward forward toward Superior, or southward
toward Ontario street. The military guard of officers
appointed by General Hooker stood at the foot of the
(;(,f&n and at the corners. One of the guard of honor of
general officers stood or sat at the head of the coffin,
Eear- Admfral Davis occupying that position in the fore
noon. The civic guard of honor were ranged along the
i^ides of the buUding, to pass the visitors on in proper
order. A squad of the 29th O. N. G. was stationed at
tl Ifferent points in the inclosure.
The most reverend silence and deep feeling were exhib
it ed by all who passed through. The passage-way being
a mple, there was abundant faciUty for obtaining a good
\ iew of the remains. The features were but slightly
( Iianged from the appearance they bore when exposed in
I'.ie Capitol at Washington,
At different tiraes in the day an accurate count of those
l>assing through within a certain length of time was
1 aken. In the flrst four hours the rate was nine thousand
jer hour; then it feU to between seven and eight thou-
f^and, and increased in the evening and night. Until
evening the visitors were nearly all from abroad, the city
people holding back to give those a chance Avho would
Lave to leave by the evening trains. At ten o'clock at
1 . ight, when the gates were shut, over one hundred thou-
i-and people had Adsited the reraains, and this without
noise, disorder or confusion of any kind.
A distinguishing feature of the ceremonies and testi
monials of the day was the profusion and beauty of the
floral decorations and floral offerings. Besides the great

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 227
number of flowers woven into the decorations of the
PavUion, a large number of beautiful floral devices were
laid on the coffin. Among them were the floral offerings
made by the ladies of the Soldiers' Aid Society of North-
em Ohio, consisting of an anchor of white roses, azalias,
and other white flowers, each fluke of the anchor being
made of magnificent calla ; a cross of beautiful red blos
soms ; and a wreath of blue flowers. The ladies decided
to place the anchor in charge of Lieut,-Colonel Simpson,
U, S, Engineers, for presentation to Captain Stephen
ChampUn, one of the survivors of the Battle of Lake
Erie, The cross and wreath accompanied the remains
from Cleveland,
A salute was fired on the arrival of the reraains at the
Square, and another at sunset. Half-hour guns were
also fixed during the day by the 8th Independent Bat
tery, O, N, G. Five large and beautiful fiags, draped in
mourning, fioated from the staff in the Park aU day.
During the afternoon the bands from abroad and those
belonging to Cleveland, were stationed on the balconies
of the hotels and other prominent buUdings, and played
dfrges, adding to the solemnity and impressiveness of
the occasion.
A delegation of two himdred came from MeadvUle, and
joined in the procession, under the marshalship of Capt.
Derrickson. They wore a large badge upon the lappel
of the coat Arith the word "MeadviUe," Also a delega
tion of about five hundred came from Deteoit, to do honor
to the meraory of the President, Two bands, the Deteoit
City and the Light Guard, escorted them.
By invitation of Governor Brough the Illinois delegar
tion and the general officers of the escort paid him a
visit at his residence.
The foUowing officers were detaUed as a Guard of

228 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Honor to the reraains of the President, while in the For
est City :
First 22eJte/-^Eear- Admiral Davis ; Majpr D. Bannister,
Paymaster U. S. A. ; Capt. Mix, U. S. Cavafry; Captain
Meisner, V. E. C. ; Major Perry, U. S. A. ; Surg, Stern-
burg, U. S. A.
Second iJeZte/— Capt. Taylor, U. S, N, ; Lieut.-Col. Simp
son, U. S, Eng. ; Lieut.-Col. De La Verg;ne, U, S, V. ; Capt,
Eower, Vet. Guards ; Lieut, Eobinson, Vet, Guaids,
Third Relief— M.a,joT-Gen. Barnard, U. S. Eng. ; CoL
Swords, A. Q, M, ; Capt, J, J, Upham, U, S, A, ; Capt.
Voges, A, Q, M. ; Capt, De Forest, N, G, ; Capt, Tibbitts,
N. G.
At ten rainutes past ten the coffin was closed. Up to
the very last raoment there was a stream of people passing
through the Pavilion, and if the remains had been ex
posed untu twelve o'clock there would undoubtedly have
been the same interest manifested to take one last look.
At ten minutes past eleven o'clock the coffin was taken
from the beautiful resting place of the day and placed in
the hearse, preparatory to being conveyed to the funeral
car. The escort was as follows : The 29th Eegiment 0.
N. G., Colonel Hayward ; the General Committee of Ai-
rangeraents ; the Military Guard of Honor in carriages ;
the Civic Guard of Honor bearing fiambeaux ; the Father
Mathew Teraperance Society ; the Eureka Lodge of Ma
sons. The cortege proceeded dovra Superior street, pre
ceded by three bands playing a dirge, thence down Vine
yard street, at the foot of which the funeral train had
been placed. The coffin was placed in the funeral car,
and at precisely twelve o'clock the teain started for Co
lumbus, under the dfrection of Superintendent Flint, with
Charles Gale as Conductor.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 229
About the time the remains were being removed from
the PavUion the rain poured down in torrents, and con
tinued untu after the train started. Notwithstanding
this, the steeets the whole length of the Une of march
were crowded with people, many of whom were ladies.
Everything was conducted with the greatest order and
decorum, and the citizens of Cleveland returned to thefr
homes with the consciousness that they had paid the last
teibute of respect to a great and good man in a proper
manner. The correspondent of the New York Times Avriting from
Cleveland said : " Everywhere deep sorrow has been mani
fested, and the feeUng seems, if possible, to deepen, as
we move Westward Arith the remains to thefr final resting
place." CLEVELAND TO COLUMBUS,
The Funeral Train was preceded, between Cleveland
and Columbus, by a pUot engine, the " LouisvUle," in
charge of Assistant Superintendent Blee and Master Me
chanic W, F, Smith, vrith E, Van Camp as Engineer and
C. Van Camp as Ffreman. The engine of the Funeral
Train was the " NashviUe," Arith Geo, West as Engineer
and Peter Hugo as Ffreman, Mr, T. J. Higgins, the Su
perintendent of Telegraph, accompanied the train Arith
necessary telegraph insteuments, to be used in case of
accident. Gen. McCaUum, who had temporary mUitary
possession of aU the raUroads frora Washington to Spring
field, had an efficient aid in G. P. Duke, of the Baltimore
and Ohio EaUroad Company, who carried out his supe
rior's orders, as to the time of starting, &c., with a fidel
ity which commanded general admfration.
Evidences of grief were raanifested along the entfre
line between the Forest city and the Capital. The people
gathered at the depots and at other points in throngs.

230 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
eager to pay teibute to the memory of him whora they
had loved. Frora the time the train left Cleveland untU
it reached Crestline, the rain fell in torrents, notArith-
standing which, bonflres and torches were Ut, the princi
pal buUdings draped in mourning, beUs tolled, flags
floated at half-raast, and the sorrowing inhabitants stood
in groups, uncovered and with saddened faces gazing
with awe and veneration upon the cortege as it moved
slowly by.
After daybreak, the rain having ceased, the demonstra
tions were more general but of a less impressive charac
ter. At Cardington an immense crowd of citizens assem
bled to do the customary honors. Bells were tolled,
minute guns flred, and the station was tastefuUy festooned
with the national flag draped Arith rosettes of crape. In
front and over the doors and windows was a white ban
ner on which was inscribed " He sleeps in the blessings
ofthe poor, whose fetters God commanded him to break."
At other viUages simUar devices were exhibited, and sad
ness and mourning, deep and solemn, prevaUed in toAvn
and hamlet. Beside the track, about flve miles above
Columbus, stood an aged woman bare headed, her gray
hairs dishelved, tears coursing down her furrowed cheeks,
holding in her right hand a sable scarf and in her left a
bouquet of wUd flowers, which she steetched imploringly
toward the funeral car.
THE CAPITAL OF OHIO.
In accordance with a call signed by a large number of
the prominent and influential citizens of Columbus, a
public raeeting was held at the City Hall on the evening
of AprU 17th, for the purpose of making arrangements
for the suitable observance of the day appointed for the
funeral of the assassinated President, at Washington,

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 2:>L
and to properly receive the reraains at the Capital of Ohi >.
Hon. Sarauel GaUoway was selected as Chairman, and
H. T. Chittenden as Secretary. Prayer was offered by
Eev. C. E. Felton. The Chairman set forth, in a fe.v
appropriate remarks, the object for which the people had
assembled. On motion of L. J. Critchfleld, Esq., a co.u-
mittee of flve was appointed to draft resolutions expressi .e
of the sense of the raeeting. The following gentlemju
were appointed by the chair: L. J. Critchfleld, Geo. ?1.
Parsons, C. N. Olds, B. F. Martin, and Peter Ambos.
Eev. J. M. Trimble, Hon. Samuel Galloway and Hon.
Chauncey N. Olds addressed the meeting. The commit
tee on Eesolutions reported a series declaring that treas )ii
embraced murder and aU other crimes necessary to acco;n-
plish its ends ;_ expressing grief aud indignation at t'.ie
assassination of the President — tendering to his strick ',a
famUy heartfelt condolence — avowing confidence in
Andrew Johnson, and resolving :
"That, in token of the public sorrow on account of this gr !.it
calamity, and to the honor of the illustrious dead, the citizens of
Columbus be requested to close their places of business on to-morro /,
between the hours of eleven o'clock A. M. and throe o'clock P. .M. ,
the hours of the f aneral services at Washington, and that th ta
having charge ofthe bells iu this city, cause them to be toUed during
that time."
The folloAring resolution was then offered by W. G.
Deshler, and adopted unanimously :
" Besolved, That a committee of nine be appointed to co-oper.ite
with the committee of the City Council, in any appropriate cerer.i >-
nies, should the body of our late President be brought to our ci'y ;
and also iu conjunction with the City Council committee, to arrange
for a pubUc oration upon the life aud services of Abraham Liucoli."
The Chafr appointed the following committee in p.iu-
guance of this resolution : W. G. Deshler, David S, Gray,

'J32 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
J. E, St, Clafr, W. FaUmg, Isaac Eberly, Eev. K. Mees,
L. KUbourne, C. P. L. Butler, and S, Loving, On motion,
Hon. Samuel Galloway was added to the committee.
The meeting then closed with a benediction by the Eev,
J. M. Trimble.
The City CouncU cordially co-operated with the citizens
in the movement thus inaugurated. On motion ol Cyrus
Field, it was agreed that the Mayor, city officers and
members of the City Council join in the procession to
escort the remains of the late President, and, on motion,
Messrs, Donaldson and Eoss were appointed a committee
lo make the necessary arrangements for that purpose.
The CouncU had previously
"Mesolved, That a committee of nine (one from each Ward) be ap
pointed to act in conjunction with such committees as may be
appointed by the State authorities, and the citizens generally, to
make suitable preparations for the reception of the remains of the
late President."
On the 24th of April the Adjutant- General of Ohio
promulgated the following order :
Geneeai, Headqtjartees, State of Ohio,
General Order, ? Adjutaut-Genbral's Office,
No. 5. 5 Columbus, April 23, 1865.
Major John W. Skiles, 88th O. V. I., is hereby appointed Chief
Marshal of the ceremonies in honor of the remains ofthe late Presi
dent Lincoln, in the city of Columbus, on the 29th inst. He will
appoint his own aids, and will have entire control ofthe ceremonies
r.nd procession attending the transfer of the remains from and to the
depot. All societies, delegations, or other organizations, wishing to par- -
t icipate in the ceremonies, will report, by telegraph or letter, to the
Chief Marshal, on or before 10 o'clock A. M. of Friday, 28th inst.
The headquarters of the Chief Marshal, during Thursday and Fri
day, 27th and 28th inst., will be at the Adjutant-General's office in
the Capitol.
By order of the Govemor : B. R. COWEN,
Adjutant-General of Ohio.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 233
James Patterson, chafrman of the City CouncU com
mittee, and W, G, Deshler, chairman of the citizens' com
mittee, announced that the funeral train would arrive at
Columbus on the morning of April 29th, at half-past
seven o'clock — ^that the remains of the President would
be escorted to the Capitol by a mUitary and civic proces
sion, where they would lie in state until six o'clock P, M.,
and that at three o'clock an oration would be delivered
on the terrace on the east side of Capitol Square. The
comraittee requested the general suspension of business,
and described the general order of exercises, cordiaUy in
vited societies and associations to join the procession,
and annoimced the foUowing officers of the day :
Chief Marshal— Maj. John W, Skiles.
Aids — Charles Scarrett, Ed. Fields, Carl Bancroft, Ed.
Fitch, A. Greenleaf, W. W. Bailey, Theo. Butier, Capt.
Jas. Grover, C, S, Dyer, John W, Doherty, C, W. Douty,
E, S. Neil, Maj, S, SuUivant, Jno, Eadebaugh.
Pall Bearers — Dr. John Andrews, Eobert NeU, F. C,
Kelton, John Field, Augustus Platt, Christian Heyl, E.
W. Gwynne, W, B, Hubbard, Judge Taylor, Jno, Brooks,
Wm, B, ThraU, D, W, Deshler, L, Goodale, Jos, E, Swan,
Wm, T, Martin, Wm, M. Awl, G, W, Manypenny, John
M. Walcutt, F. Stewart, John Noble, F. Jaeger, Sr., Amos
S. Eamsey.
Uxecutive Committee — ^W. G. Deshler, C. P. L. Butler,
James Patterson, S. N. Field, F. Jaeger.
• Finance Committee — ^B, Gilmore, W. FaUing, Isaac Eb
erly, S, N. Field,
Escort Committee — Samuel GaUoway, L, Kilbourne, S,
Loving, James Patterson, John MUler, J. Eeinhard.
Committee on Catafalque, Decoration, &c. — D, S, Gray,
A. B, Butties, Wm, Gaver.

234 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
Committee on Music amd Printing — A. B. Buttles, Eev.
K. Mees, B. Gilmore, Wm. Naughton.
Committee on Reception of Escort and G'u,ests — ^W. FaU
ing, B. GUmore, J. E. St. Clafr.
Committee on Carriages — C. P, L. Butler, Wra, Gaver,
As soon as committees and associations had made re
port to him, the Chief Marshal advertised the following
ORDER OF PROCESSION. Columbus, O., April 27, 1365.
1st. The remains of Abraham Lincoln, late President of the Uni
ted States, will arrive in the city of Columbus, O., at 7 o'clock a.m.,
Saturday, the 29th instant, at the Union depot.
2d. The funeral esoort will consist of the 88th O. V. Infantry.
3d. O£fi.oers of the army, not on duty with troops, are respectfully
invited to participate in the obsequies. They will report to Major
James Vau Voost, ISth U. S. Infantry, at Headquarters, Tod Bar
racks, at 6 o'clock A. M., Saturday.
4th. Detachments of the army aud volunteer organizations, not
on duty with the escort, will be assigned positions on application to
Capt. L. Nichols, Tod Barracks. They will appear with side arms
only, and will report at 6 o'clock A. M., Saturday.
5th. All miUtary offioers to be in uniform, and with side arma.
The usual badge of mourning will be worn on the left arm and
sword hUt.
6th. In order to prevent confusion at the entrance gate, all who
are not in line of procession will form after the left of the proces
sion has entered the Capitol Square in two ranks, on the outside of
the Square fence, on High street, running north to Broad, south to
State, thence east on Broad aud State streets, for extent. They will
enter the west gate four abreast, in regular order, by inward mai|g|^
of each rank, and in no other way.
It is desired to pass all through the Capitol, and in order to
accommodate each person the public must preserve order and follow
the programme as adopted.
A sufficient guard, composed of the 18th U. S. Infantry, wiU be
stationed at the depot to prevent any delay or confusion in transfer-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 235
ring the remains to the catafalque, aud in seating the escort accom
panying the remains.
7th. All delegations who have reported and have been assigned to
positions in line of procession, will report promptly at their desig
nated places, and will be moved by Assistant Marshals in charge.
MILITARY ESCORT.
Eighty-eighth O. V. Infantry, under commaud of Lieutenant-Col
Webber. ORDER OP PROCESSION.
] St. Officiating clergyman and orator in open carriage.
2d. Undertaker in buggy.
3d. Pall Bearers in carriages ; carriages three abreast.

V. R. C,
Guards of Honor.

V. R. C,
Guards of Honor.

4th. Pall Bearers in carriages ; carriages three abreast.
5th. Esoort accompanying remains from Washington in open car
riages, three abreast, in charge of Assistant Marshals Theodore Com
stock and Henry Wilson.
eth. Major-General Hooker and staff, mounted.
7th. Brevet Brigadier-General W. P. Richardson aud staff, mounted.
Sth. A. A. Provost-Marshal General Col. Wilcox and staff, mounted.
Qth. Brigadier-General Wager Swayne and staff, in open carriage.
10th. Officers of the army ou duty, and temporarily at this post,
on foot. Major James Van Voost, 18th U. S. Infantry, commanding.
llth. Soldiers at this post not on duty with escort, Capt. Levi T,
Nichols commanding.
12th. Governor Brough and suite.
13th. Camp Thomas Baud.
14th. Committee of Arrangements on foot.
ISth. Chief Marshal John W. Skiles, and Special Aids Charles
Scarritt and Theo. H. Butler. FIRST DIVISION.
Assistant Marshals — E. G. Field and John Radabaugh.
]6th. Reverend Clergy, City and State, wiU form on Depot street,
right resting ou Exchange Hotel.

236 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
17th. Heads of Departments, State of Ohio, wUl form north of
railroad track, in open carriages, right resting opposite of Exchange
Hotel. I8th. Mayors of Cincinnati and Columbus, and Presidents of City
Councils of said cities, in open carriages.
IQth. City Councils of Cincinnati and Columbus, on foot, forming
on North Public Lane, right resting on High street.
20th. Judges and officers of the United States Court, in open
carriages. 21st. Judges and officers of Supreme Court of State of Ohio, in
open carriages.
22d. Judges aud officers of Franklin and other County Courts, on
foot, forming with right resting north of railroad track, in rear of
carriages. SECOND DIVISION.
Assistant Marshals — Carl Bancroft and E. A. Fitch.
23d. Masonic Order will form on West North street, right resting
on High, left extending north on Front street.
THIRD DIVISION.
Assistant Marshals — A. Greenleaf and J. W. Doherty.
24th. Independent Order of Odd Fellows, right resting on East
North and High, left extending on South Front street.
FOURTH DIVISION.
Assistant Marshals — C. W. Douty and C. H. Olmsted.
25th. United Ancient Order of Druids, right resting on comer of
High and West Spring streets, left extending on North Front street.
26th. Tod Barracks Band. Fenian Brotherhood, right resting on
comer of East Spring and High streets, left extending south on
Third street.
27th. Mechanics' Association will form with right resting on the
left of Fenian Brotherhood, Third street.
28th. St. Martin's and St. John's Benevolent Associations, right
resting on comer of West Long and High streets, left extending
north on Front.
The Butchers' Association vrill form with their right resting on
the left of the St. Martin's and St. John's Benevolent Associations'

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 237
FIFTH DIVISION.
Assistant Marshals — Colonel J. Wing and W. W. Bagley.
29th. Fire Department, right resting on corner of East Long and
High streets, left extending on Long. Colored Masonic Order's right
resting on corner of East Gay and High streets, extending east ou
Gay. Colored Benevolent Association will form Avith their right
resting on left of Colored Masonic Fraternity.
30th. All delegations from a distance will form with right resting
on West Gay and North, left extending on North Front.
The diflferent delegations are hereby directed to form in four ranks.
route of PROCESSION.
The procession wUl move promptly from south of the depot at
7:30 A. Bit., south on High street to Broad, east on Broad to Fourth,
south ou Fourth to State, east on State to Seventh, south on Seventh
to Town, west on Towu to High, north on High to west front of the
Capitol. A mounted cavalry force wUl be stationed at all the intersections
of High street north of Town street, for the purpose of preventing
all vehicles from entering on High street — that it must be kept clear
during the movements of the procession.
At 6 P. M. the Capitol will be closed. The procession will re-form
in the following order to escort the remains to the depot.
Military escort.
Escort accompanying the remains.
Pall Bearers.
Masonic Fraternity will form on East State street, the right rest
ing on High.
Independent Order of Odd FeUows will form on East Broad street >
right resting on High.
All other organizations wUl form on West Broad street, right rest
ing on High.
All carriages, except those appropriated to the Esoort Committee,
wUl be nnder the charge of Assistant Marshals C. S. Dyer and H.
M. NeU.
The guard at the Capitol will be under charge of Captain M. C.
Wilkinson, 15th V. R. C. JOHN W. SKILES,
Major and Grand Marshal.

238 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
Fourteen days from that on which the .American people
were shocked by the inteUigence that a President, hon
ored and loved for services more precious than any ren
dered by a Chief Magistrate since Washington retfred to
private life, had been assassinated, the remains of that
President were brought to the Capital of Ohio. A heavy
rain feU on the night previous, and the early morning
was gloomy, but about the hour appointed for the ar
rival of the funeral train the clouds broke away and
the rain ceased. At the appointed hour the fnneral tiain
entered the Union Depot, amid the ringing of muffled
beUs, and stopped so that the fnneral car lay nearly
across High street. .An immense crowd of spectators
was congregated in the vicinity of the depot. Bands of
music, assembled Avith the raiUtary in procession, played
solemn dfrges whUe the coffin was taken from the car and
laid in the hearse by a portion of the Veteran Eeserve
Corps, the other Veteran Eeserves marching by its side
with draAvn sabres, attended by the paU bearers and
mUitary guard of honor.
The procession was then formed according to the pro
gramme, and was the most imposing and the most im
pressive which ever raarched through the streets of
Columbus. The slow measured tiead of the troops, the
muffled drum, the dead march, the enshrouded colors,
told their oavu tale of the fearfuUy solemn occasion on
which they were passing in review before the assembled
thousands who had congregated as witnesses.
The hearse was the great centre of atteaction. AU
along the line of march it was preceded and foUowed by
hundreds, of all ages, sexes and conditions, striving to
keep as near as possible to the sombre structure. It was
17 feet long, 8 J feet wide, and 17 J feet from the ground
to the apex of the canopy. The main platform was four

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 239
feet from the ground, on which rested a dais for the re
ception of the coffin, twelve feet long by five wide, raised
two and a half feet above the platform. The canopy re
sembled in shape a Chinese pagoda. The interior of the
roof was lined with silk flags, and the outside covered
Avith black broadcloth, as were the dais, the raain plat
form and the entire hearse. Black cloth, festooned, de
pended from the platform within a few inches of the
ground, fringed Avith silver lace, and ornamented with
heavy tassels of black silk. Surrounding the cornice of
the canopy were thirty-six silver stars, and on the apex
and the four corners were flve heavy black plumes. The
canopy was appropriately curtained with black cloth,
Uned Avith white merino. On each side of the dais was
the word "Lincoln," in silver letters. The hearse was
draAvn by six white horses, covered Avith black cloth,
which was edged with sUver fringe. The heads of the
horses were surmounted with large black plumes, and
each was led by a groom dressed in black, with white
gloves and a white band round his hat. On the dais,
nearly in the centre of the hearse, the coffin was placed,
in full view of the raultitudes on the streets.
Every window, housetop, balcony, and every inch of
the sidewalk on either side of High stieet was densely
crowded with a raournful throng, assembled to pay
homage to departed worth. In all the enormous crowd
profoimd silence reigned. Conversation was carried on
in whispers. The completeness of every detail of the
procession was remarked by all, and much praise award
ed the coraraittee of arrangements. The display made
by the various Orders and Associations in the procession
eUcited universal commendation. The Ffre Department
was the subject of especial notice and praise. The neat,
clean unifbrms of the officers and men, the splendid con-

240 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
dition of the steamers and hose-carts, and the decorated
car, flUed with forty-two young ladies habited in deep
mourning, were among the noticeable incidents of the
day. A very impressive feature of the occasion was the
singing by the young ladies in the mourning car of the
Ffre Department, of 1027th hymn of the Methodist Epis
copal coUection, commencing with : —
" Great Ruler of the earth and skies,"
and the 1018th hymn, commencing Avith —
" Behold, O Lord, before Thy Throne."
The route of the procession was south on High stieet
to Broad — east on Broad to Fourth — south on Fourth to
State — east on State to Seventh — south on Seventh to
ToAvn — ^west on ToAvn to High — north on High to the
west front of the Capitol. Along the entire Une of march,
dweUing houses, shops, stores, and other places of busi
ness, as well as aU pubUc buUdings, were tastefully and
solemnly decorated. It is proper to mention, on East
Broadway, the offices of the Adams and American Ex
press Companies, and the mUitary offices in the Buckeye
Block. The Seminary Hospital was adorned Avith mot
toes in wreaths of evergreens, a draped picture of Presi
dent Lincoln, and draped flags, and when the procession
passed it the invaUd soldiers strewed flowers before the
hearse. The headquarters of Provost Marshal General
WUcox, on State street, were very handsomely decorated.
The north end and east front of the Market House, the
Odd Fellows' Hall, and the GAvynne Block, were each
appropriately dressed in mourning. On the large front
of Kelton, Bancroft & Co.'s Wholesale Dry Goods Honse
the national colors hung in heavy rich folds from the top
of each of the Avindows, shrouded in black, and most
tastefuUy arranged Avith President Lincoln's initial letters
in the centre. The various engine houses of the Fire

LINCOLrr MEMORIAL, 24 i
Department were draped and adorned with appropriato
mottoes. The towers, gable, offices, baggage rooms and
lamps of the Union Depot were heavily draped, as was
also the office of the Little Miami Eailroad Company.
Among the most noticeable displays on High street, wc
mention the First National Bank buUding, the stor«>
rooms of Bain & Son, Blynn, Sinith & Conrad, Eandall
& Aston, ThraU & Benham, F. D, Clark, Griffin & Cham
pion, Naughton, Fay, and J. D. Osborn & Co. Tho
great feature of the decoration was found at the Clothing-
House of Marcus Childs, in the Neil House buUding,'.
Thousands of persons were attracted by the beauty and
appropriateness of the designs, aud the very elegant
manner in which they were carried out. Beginning at
the south Avindow, we flnd them each draped with black
cloth, relieved by white stars at regular intervals, and in
established order. This window was adorned with the
folloAving mottoes :
" Servant of God, well done.
Thy race is o'er, thy victory won."
" The last Martyr for Freedom."
" Heaven but tries our virtues by affliction."
" East, West, North and South mourn,
The greatest friend of suffering humanity is gone."
"The President dies, we mourn;
The Nation Uves, we rejoice."
The next window north —
" Our Country, Washington, Lincoln, Memoriori Eterna !"
" Memento Mori, Boru Fob. 12th, 1809, Died April 15, 1865."
" Too good for Earth, to Heaven thou art fled.
And left the Nation in tears."
" He was a good man, and a just one "
11*

242 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
The thfrd window —
" Our Chief haa faUen."
" In mourning tears the Nation's grief is spent,
Mankind has lost a friend, we a President."
" The Nation mourns."
" His memory, Uke the Union he preserved, is not for a day, but
for aU time."
" Weep, nature, weep, put on thy mourning garb."
The north Avindow —
" We mourn our loss."
" AVe loved him, yes, no tongue can teU
How much we loved him, and how weU."
" Fear not, Abraham, I am thy shield ; thy reward shaU be exceed
ing great."
" Only the actions of the just
Smell sweet and blossom in the dust."
" His noblest motive was the public good."
At the base of the front Avindows a draped portrait of
Mr. Lincoln was exhibited, and each doorway was hung
in heavy festoons of black cloth. Over aU a draped flag
was extended.
The west gateway of the Capitol Square was arched,
and bore the simple inscription, " Ohio Mourns." The
columns at the west front of the Capitol were tastefuUy
draped in spfral turns of mourning cloth from top to bot
tom. Immediately over the entrance (west front) was
placed the inscription, " God Moves in a Mysterious Way,"
and over the cornice of the columns was placed a quota
tion from President Lincoln's last inaugural address : —
" With MaUce to none ; with Charity for aU." Each of the
Avindows in the west front was heavily draped.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 243
At about nine o'clock the head of the procession arrived
at the west entrance of Capitol Square. The 88th O. V, I.
acting as special escort, passed in immediately, forraing
lines in two ranks on each side of the passway frora the
gate to the steps of the Capitol, During the momentary
delay the sUence and deep feeling manifested by the
people in the procession, by those crowding the streets
in every, dfrection, and by those gazing from every avail
able Avindow, was Avithout precedent. The gaze seemed
to alternate between the coffin being removed from the
hearse containing the raan dead and his striking living
utterance, "With malice toward none, Avith charity for
all," looking down upon them from the architiave of the
Capitol, As the coffin, borne upon the shoulders of eight
of the sergeants constituting the Veteran Guard, passed
toward the archway, the bands gave expression to the sol
emn emotions ofthe hour in a dirge, the high officials in at
tendance assumed thefr places as escort, and thousands of
bowed heads said as plainly as the letters arching the
entiance, " Ohio Mourns." Slowly and solemnly the
escort, headed by General Hooker and staff, and Governor
Brough and staff, passed to the Capitol entiance, and
reverently the coffin was lowered from the shoulders of
the veterans to the flowery bed awaiting it. The officers
named, with their attendants, Major-General Hunter and
staff, the General officers in charge of the corpse from
Washington, General Wager Swayne and staff, the PaU-
Bearers, and members of Committees, assumed thefr
proper places around the catafalque with uncovered heads ;
the guard from the Veteran Eeserve Corps formed in line
on each side, and, as soon as the corpse was in place, Eev,
C, E, Felton offered an appropriate prayer. Impressive
as was this scene, it was surpassed by the one that fol
lowed immediately on the opening of the coffin. Amid

244 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
sUence almost painful the Ud was raised — a sigh from
those present — a slight raovement by the undertaker —
and for minutes aU was again as stUl as death. The vet
eran officers and soldiers, with bowed heads, seemed im
movable as statues, unconsciously every face mirrored
the contending emotions of the heart, and the grouping
around the dead of citizens and soldiers, seen by those
forming the head of the procession at the foot of the
western stafrway, formed a scene never to be forgotten,
and not to be described. Mrs. Hoffner, representing the
Horticultural Society of Cincinnati, the only lady present,
stepped softly forward and placed at the foot of the eofSn
an anchor composed of deUcate white flowers and ever
green boughs, a Avreath of the same upon the breast of the
dead, and a cross at the head. Instructions were given
raore by signs than words, and arrangeraents made for the
people to look npon the remains.
The Eotunda of the Capitol, weU calculated for display,
grand in its loftiness, and much the resort of our people,
was tiansformed into a gorgeous tomb. The column of
Ught stieaming down frora the lofty dome, made distinct
and impressive each feature of the solemn scene below.
There was no stiffness to jar Avith softened feeling, no
unwonted display to mar the solemnity, but beautifnlly
and simply grand as was the character of him whose
mortal remains were to repose therein, the rotunda of
Ohio's Capitol emblemed the sorrow of Ohio's people.
The entiance ways and the corresponding panels were
uniformly draped Avith black cloth, falUng in heavy folds
from the arches to the floor. In the panels the drapings
were gathered to the sides equidistant from arch to floor,
and then aUowed to faU in fuU volume, and closing at the
bottom as at the top. In three of these central spaces
thus formed, were grouped the war-worn battle flags of

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 245
veteran Ohio regiments. In the other panel, the one
between the north and east entrances, tastefully raounted
and appropriately draped, was Powell's painting, " Per
ry's Victory ;" the grouping of characters and the sub
limity of the scene represented, adding much to the
general and impressive beauty of the rotunda. Above
the panels, entfrely round the dome, were three rows of
festoons Avith black and white pendants, the whole join
ing appropriately the general drapings below.
On a platform Avith a base of 21J by 28 feet, rising by
five steps until it presented a top surface perhaps one-half
as large, was placed the dais for the reception of the
cofSn. This platform, tastefully carpeted, the rise of each
step dressed in black, was ornamented with erableraatical
flowers and plants in vases so arranged as to present,
Avith thefr impression of beauty, the sorrow for the dead.
At the corners facing the west entrance, were large vases
containing beautiful specimens of amaranth, and midway
between them a grand cential vase gloAving with the rich
ness and beauty of the choicest flowers of the season, A
simUar disposition of vases faced the east entrance, from
the corner ones the flowers of the emblematical Justitia,
reaching to the hight of the dais. Around these large
vases, were grouped smaUer ones, rising in gradations of
beauty Avith the steps of the platform. The dais was most
properly the crowning beauty of the stiucture, and in a
brief description it is impossible to do it justice. Eectan-
gular in form, with a side elevation of two feet, it was
Avithout canopy and beautifully ornamented. The sides
were covered Avith black broadcloth, over which drooped
from the top festoons of white merino, and tassels of white
sUk. The end facing the west entrance bore inscribed,
on a black panel Avith white border, in sUver letters, the
word " Lincoln." From the festooning at the top, rose

246 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
in graceful swell a bed of white roses, immorteUes and
orange blossoms, the pure white relieved only by the deep
fresh green of the leaves and sprigs accompanying.
The Guard of Honor was relieved by the following
named officers, acting in the sarae capacity and under the
imraediate charge of Colonel J. A. Wilcox aud Major L.
S. Sullivant : Captain Douglas, 13th O. V. I. ; Captain
Stivers, U. S. A. ; Captain Walker, 5th O. V. C. ; Captain
A. T. Wikoff, 91st O. V. L ; Captain McGroat, Captain
HuU, 18th O. V. L; Captam H. P. Wands, 22d Mich,;
Captain Davis, 18th O. V. I. ; Captain Hannal, 124th 0.
V. I. ; Lieutenant Horringer, 2d O. V. C. ; Lieutenant J.
H. Orr, 109th O. V. I. ; Lieutenant H, B, Freeman, 18th
O, V, I. ; Adjutant D. C. Pateick, and Lieutenants J, B.
Dague, G, I, Davison, J. D. WUson and Norris KiUen, of
the 88th O, V, L
The officers, paU-bearers and committees, after looking
upon the remains, retfred, excepting those having the
body in charge. The officers forming the guard were
assigned thefr positions, and without delay the people
commenced moving into the rotunda. First came the
various military organizations of the procession, the men
formed in four ranks,, marching Avithout noise upon a car
pet to the catafalque, passing by twos on each side of the
coffin — the face and upper part of the body being brought in
fuU view of each individual — and then those on the right
passing out at the south and those on the left tuming to
the north. Then followed in order the various delegations
of the procession, succeeded by the people en masse; the
sarae order being preserved throughout the day.
The impressive solemnity with which the ceremonies
were inaugurated continued Avithout interruption. The
officers on duty firmly but courteously enforced every rule,
and the people seemed imbued with such a spirit that

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 247
they aU moved as one person. Not an indecorous action,
not a whispered word, not a froAvning countenance marred
the scene. The marked order, the seemliness of action,
and the subdued demeanor of the countless multitude,
composed of every class, age and color, during the entire
day, form a feature of this raore than pageant that speaks
louder than the most eloquent and pathetic words the
people's love for Abraham Lincoln.
By actual count it was found that over eight thousand
passed in and out every hour from half after nine untU
four o'clock, and, raaking due aUowance, 'tis thought that
over flfty thousand people viewed the remains in that
time. The unparaUeled good order prevailing at aU times
must remain ever a source of pride to aU participating.
Many scenes during the day were affecting and impres
sive, but to chronicle them would fiU a volume. AU felt
the sorrow, and countenance and act rafrrored it with
stiiking plainness. Thousands of persons stood in line
on High steeet, four abreast ; the lines extending in either
dfrection, north from the west gateway to Long street,
and south from the west gateway to Eich street, patiently
awaiting thefr opportunity. For more than six hours a
steady stream of humanity poured through the channel,
aU eager to gaze at the martyred President on his bier.
THE AFTERNOON EXERCISES.
Long before the hour appointed for the deUvery of the
funeral oration the east terrace of the State House was
crowded Avith men and women, who had gathered to hear
the lessons which might be suggested frora the exemplary
life and violent death of Abraham Lincoln, A platform
had been erected iramediately in front of the entrance to
the Capitol, and upon this platform, at three o'clock, ap
peared Maj. Gen. Hunter, Maj. Gen. Hooker, Maj. Gen.

248 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Barnard, Brig. Gen. ToAvnsend, Brig. Gen. McCaUum,
Col. Swords, Col, Simpson, Col. Lathrop, Capt. Taylor,
Hon. T. B. Shannon of CaUfornia, Hon. T. W. Terry of
Michigan, Hon. Mr. Olarke of Kansas, the orator, Hon.
Job E, Stevenson of ChUlicothe, and Eevs. E, P, GoodAidn
and C, E, Felton of Colurabus, After appropriate music
by miUtary bands, and the singing of a hymn by a choir,
under the direction of J. A. Scarritt, a prayer, impressive
in thought and earnest in manner and word, was offered
by the Pastor of the Congregational Church of Columbus,
Mr, Goodwin. A solemn hymn was then sung by the
chofr. When Mr, Stevenson began his oration a mourn
ful quiet pervaded the large assembly. It was broken
during the delivery of the oration only when the orator,
alluding to the great crime which rebeUion had instigated,
deraanded that justice be done the criminals, and de
clared that concUiation of those who had murdered Mercy
was condemned by the cries to heaven of thousands of
soldiers murdered in rebel prisons — ^by bereaved homes
in aU loyal States. Mr. Stevenson's oration was substan
tially as follows : THE OHIO ORATION.
" Ohio mourns, America mourns, the civUized world will
mourn the cruel death of Abraham Lincoln, the brave,
the Avise, the good ; bravest, wisest, best of men.
" History alone can raeasure and weigh his worth, but
we, in parting from his mortal remains, may indulge the
fuUness of our hearts in a few broken words of his life and
his death and his fame ; his noble life and martyr's death,
and matchless fame. A western farmer's son, self-made,
in early raanhood he won, by sterling qualities of head
and heart, the public confidence, and was entrusted Avith
the people's power. Growing with his growing State, he
became a leader in the west.

LINCOLN ItlEMORIAL. 249
" Elected President, he disbelieved the threats of traitors
and sought to serve his term in peace. The clouds of
civU war darkened the land. The President pleaded and
prayed for peace, 'long declined the war,' and only when
the storm broke in fury on the flag, did he arm for the
Union, " For four years the war raged, and the President was
tried as man was never tried before,
" Oh, ' with what a load of toil aud care ' has he come,
with steady, steadfast step, through the vaUey and shadow
of defeat, over the bright raountain of victory, up to the
sunlit plain of peace,
" Tried by dfre disaster at BuU Eun, where volunteer
patriots met veteran tiaitors ; at Fredericksburg, where
courage contended Avith nature ; at ChancellorsviUe, that
desperate venture ; in the dismal swamps of the Chicka
hominy, where a brave army was buried in vain ; by the
chronic siege of Charleston ; the mockery of Eichmond,
and the dangers at Washington — through all these trials
the President stood firm, trusting in God and the people,
whUe the people trusted in God and in him,
" There were never braver men than the Union volun
teers; none braver ever rallied in Grecian phalanx or
Eoman legion ; none braver ever bent the Saxon bow, or
bore barbarian battle-ax, or set the lance in rest ; none
braver ever foUowed the crescent or the cross, or fought
vrith Napoleon, or WeUtngton, or Washington, Tet the
Commander-in-Chief of the Union army and navy was
worthy of the men — ^^filling for fonr years the foremost and
most perUous post unfaltering.
" Tried by good fortune, he saw the soldiers of the west
recover the great vaUey, and bring back to the Union thc
Father of Waters, and all his beautiful children ; he g-.^'Y

250 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
the legions of Lee hurled from the heights of Gettysburg;
he saw the flag of the free rise on Lookout Mountain and
spread from the river to the sea, and rest over Sumter ;
he saw the Star Spangled Banner, brightened by the
blaze of battle, bloom over Eichmond, and he saw Lee
surrender. Yet, he remained Avise and modest, giving aU
the glory to God and our army and navy,
" Tried by civil affairs, which would have taxed the
powers and tested the virtue of Jefferson, HamUton and
Washington, he administered them so wisely and well,
that after three years no man was found to take his place.
He was re-elected and the harvest of success came in so
grandly, that he might have said: 'Now Lord lettest
thou thy servant depart in peace, for mine eyes have seen
thy salvation,' Tet he was free from weakness or vanity,
" Thus did he exhibit, on occasion, in due proportion and
harmonious action, those cardinal vfrtues, the tiinity of
tme greatness — courage, Avisdom and goodness; — good
ness to love the right, wisdom to know the right, and
courage to do the right. Tried by these tests and by the
touch-stone of success, he was the greatest of Uving men,
" He stood on the sumrait, his brow bathed in the beams
of the rising sun of Peace, singing in his heart the angeUc
song of ' Glory to God in the highest ; peace on earth ;
good will to man.'
" ' With malace toward none, with charity for all,' he had
forgiven the people ofthe South, and raight have forgot
ten thefr leaders — covering with the broad mantle of his
charity their multitude of sins,
" But he is slain — slain by slavery. That fiendincarnate
did the deed. Beaten in battle, the leaders sought to
save slavery by assassination. Their madness presaged
their destruction.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 251
"Abraham Lincoln was the personification of Mercy.
Andrew Johnson is the personification of Justice.
" They have murdered Mercy, and Justice rules alone —
and the people, Avith one voice, pray to Heaven that jus
tice may be done. The mere momentura of our victori
ous armies wUl crush CA^ery rebel in arms, and then may
our eyes behold the majesty of the law. They have ap
pealed to the sword; — ^if they were tried by the laws of
war, thefr barbarous crimes against humanity would
doom them to death.
" The blood of thousands of murdered prisoners cries to
heaven. The shades of sixty-two thousand starved soldiers
rise up in judgment against them. The body of the mur
dered President condemns them. Some deprecate ven
geance. There is no room for A^engeance here. Long be
fore justice can have her perfect work the material wUl
be exhausted, and the record closed.
" Some wonder why the South kiUed her best friend.
Abraham Lincoln was the tine friend of the people of the
South ; for he was thefr friend as Jesus is the friend of
sinners — ready to save when they repent. He was not
the friend of rebeUion, of teeason, of slavery — he was
thefr boldest and strongest foe, and therefore they slew
him — ^but in his death they die ; the people have judged
them, and they stand convicted, smitten with remorse and
dismay — while the cause for which the President perished,
sanctified by his blood, grows stronger and brighter.
These are some of the consequences of the death of Abra
ham Lincoln. Ours is the grief — thefrs is the loss, and
his is the gain. He died for Liberty and Union, and now
he wears the martyr's glorious croAvn. He is our crowned
President. While the Union survives — while the love of
Liberty warms the human heart, Abraham Lincoln wUl
hold high rank among the immortal dead.

252 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
" The nation is saved and redeemed. She needs no aid
from rebel hands to reconstruct the Union. The Union
needs no reconstruction. It was not made by man ; it
was created by the God of Nations. It is vital and im
mortal. If it has wounds in the raerabers of its body,
they will heal, and leave no scar, without the opiate of
compromise Avith teeason. Let us beware of the DelUah
of the South, who has so lately betrayed our strong man.
Let the ' Prodigals ' feed on the husks tiU they come in
repentance, and ask to be received in their father's house —
not as the equals to thefr faithful brethren, but on a level
Avith their former servants. Then we can consider thefr
petition, and discuss the question, not ofthe reconstruc
tion of the Union, but of the formation of free States from
the national domain. UntU then let the sword which re
claimed thefr territory rule it, tempered by national law.
Some cry conciliation, and say there can be no true peace
by conquest. On the contrary, there is no enduring peace
but the peace that is conquered. The peace of France is
a conquered peace ; the peace of England was conquered
and conquered again ; the peace of oiu" fathers was a con
quered peace; the peace of the world is a conquered
peace; the peace of Heaven is a conquered peace; and
thanks be to God, our peace is to be a conquered, and
therefore a lasting peace. For a thousand years shall the
people enjoy Liberty aud Union in peace and security.
The nation revived through all her members by the hand
of free labor, prosperity shaU fill and overflow the land—
roU along the railways — thriU the electric wires — ^pulsate
on the rivers— blossom on the lakes, and whiten the seas ;
and the imperial free Eepublic, the best and strongest
Government on earth, will be a raonument of the glory of
Abraham Lincoln— while over and above aU, shaU rise
and swell the great ' dome of his fame.' "

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 253
When the orator took his seat earnest and solemn mani
festations of approval testifled that he had appropriately
and impressively spoken for the people.
Immediately there were cries for Hooker. Major Gen.
Hooker rose from his seat, when the band began to play
a dfrge. He stood untU the rausic stopped and then ad
ministered to those who caUed for hira a just rebuke.
General Hooker said: "My friends, I thank you very
much for the compliment you pay me by your caU. If I
do not respond by remarks, you wiU ascribe it to the in-
appropriateness of the occasion. Tour caU was dictated
by curiosity as much as to hear a speech frora rae : that I
grant you. Further you must excuse me."
This frank speech was received in the spfrit which dic
tated it. The ceremonies were then concluded by the
singing of the ode written by WUliam Cullen Bryant,
which forraed a part of the funeral ceremoiues in New
Tork. The hour for the removal of the coffin from the rotunda
having nearly arrived, a majority of the people who had
listened to the funeral oration quietly wended their way
toward High street, which was densely thronged, untU
the cortege was reformed and moved to the depot.
At six o'clock in the evening the doors of the Capitol
were closed, the bugle sounded the assembly, the soldiers
took arms, and the procession began reforming for the
flnal escort to the depot. As the body was being borne
out to the funeral car at the west gateway of the Capitol
grounds, a national salute was fired. Soon after, the
procession raoved, and the remains of the President were
teansf erred to* the fuueral car at the depot of th^ Indiana
Central EaUway, for transportation to Indianapolis.
The committee superintending the catafalque in the
rotunda determined to allow it to remain until the reraains

254 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
of Mr, Lincoln were consigned to the torab at Springfield,
and it is to be recorded as a raeraorable deed for the
citizens of Columbus, that every raorning until that of
the 4th of May, fresh flowers were placed around the
dais where the President's coffin had rested, and thou
sands of men, women and children visited and revisited
the Catafalque, aud again and again with sad emotion
viewed the symbols of grief which decorated the rotunda
of Ohio's Capitol, in which, in February 1861, Mr, Lincoln
had been given the most enthusiastic reception ever be
stowed by the people of Ohio upon a citizen of the Ee
public, FROM COLUMBUS TO INDIANAPOLIS.
The funeral train left Columbus at eight o'clock. B. E.
Smith, Esq., President, and J. M. Lunt, Esq., Superin
tendent of the Columbus and Indianapolis Central EaU
way, accompanied it, giving personal attention to the
wants and Avishes of passengers. They had with them
Messrs. Blemer and Cummings, chief track men, and
WUliam Slater, telegraphic operator, with all the neces
sary implements for immediate repair, S, A, Hughes,
Esq,, as Conductor, and Mr. James Gounley, Engineer,
were in charge of the train.
At Pleasant Valley bonifres lit up the country for mUes,
A large concourse of citizens assembled around the depoi
Two American flags, draped in mourning, were held in
hand by two ladies. At UnionviUe about two hundred
persons present, most of them sitting in wagons — the
people having come in from the country. At Milford,
assembled around bonflres, four or five hundred people
waved flags and handkerchiefs slowly. About two miles
from that place a farraer and his faraily were standing in

LINCOLN MEAIORTAL. 2,>i>
Sb field by a bonfire, waAong a flag. At Woodstock about
flve hundred people greeted the train. The ladies pre
sented bouquets ; one by Miss Villard, Miss Lucy Kim
ble and Miss Mary Cranston, on the part of the ladies of
Woodstock; another by Miss Ann M. Currier; ahd
another by Mrs. G. Martin and Miss DelUah Beltz, two
sisters. These ladies were permitted to enter the Presi
dent's car and steew flowers on the coffin. The Wood
stock Cornet Band, U. Cushman, leader, played a dirge
and hymn — " Dreaming, I sleep, love," aud Playl's Hymn.
The viUage beUs slowly rang ; men stood silent with un
covered heads. At Cable a very large crowd assembled
around large bonflres, A soldier stood in the centre of
an assemblage, holding a flag. All men stood uncovered.
Urbana was reached at ten o'clock forty minutes. No t
less than three thousand people had gathered uear the
depot. On the platform was a large cross, entwined wit h
cfrcUng Avreaths of evergreens, which was worked under
dfrection of Mrs. MUo G. WUUams, President Ladies'
Soldiers' Aid Society. From the top of the cross, and
shorter arms, were hung Uluminated colored transparen
cies. On the opposite side of the track was an elevated
platform, on which were forty gentlemen and ladies, who
sang Avith pateiotic sweetness the hymn entitled " Go to
Thy Eest." The singers represented the Methodist, Bap
tist, Episcopalian and Presbyterian Churches. Large
bonfires made night light as day. Minute guns were ffred.
Ten young ladies entered the car and strewed flowers on
the martyr's bier. One of the ladies was so affected that
she cried and wept in great anguish.
At St. Paris were briUiant Uluminations, by which
could be seen a number of drooped flags, a large assem
bly present, who stood in silence as they looked on the
moving traiu, A bouquet was presented and placed on

i56 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
the coffin by Mrs. Purron, The bouquet was a most
Hrtistic one, made by Mrs. Stout eymeyer. At WestvUle
Station crowds were gathered to pay respect to the dead.
At Conover a long line of people two deep stood in file ;
on the right little boys and gfrls, then young men and
women, and on the left elderly people. In the centie,
.supporting a large American flag, were three young
ladies. Miss Eliza Throckmorton, Miss Nora Brecount,
and Miss Barnes, A patriotic religious song, Avith a
slow and moumful air, was chanted by the flag-bearers.
At twenty minutes past twelve o'clock the train reached
Piqua. Not less than ten thousand people crowded about
-it. The Troy Band and the Piqua Band played appro
priate music, after which a delegation from the Methodist
Churches, under Eev. GranvUle (Colonel) Moody, sang a
hymn. Eev. M. repeated the first line, when it was then
sung by the entire choir. Think of such actions at the
midnight hour, when humanity is supposed to lay by its
cares, and take its rest in the arms of repose. At Gettys
burg was a large number of people around huge bonfires.
Drooping flags and other evidences of mourning were
displayed. There were like scenes at Eichmond Junction
and Covington.
At GreenvUle, Ohio, thirty-six young ladies dressed in
white, slowly waving the Star Spangled Banner, greeted
the cortege. Lafayette's Eequiem was sung with thriU
ing effect by a number of ladies and gentlemen. About
five hundred people were congregated on the platform.
Company C, 28th Ohio Infantry, was drawn up in line,
with fire arms reversed. The depot was tastefully deco
rated. On either side of the depot were two bonfires flf
teen feet high, which shed most brUliant light aU around
The train and depot.
At New Paris great bonfires lit up the skies. A crowd

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 257
was gathered about, who stood Avith uncovered heads,
A beautiful arch of evergreens was formed above the
track, under which the teain passed. The arch was
twenty feet high and thirty feet in circumference. At
WUey's, New Madison and Weaver's Stations, hundreds
of mourners were congregated.
Gov. Morton and suite, who had come from Indianapo
Us on a special train, met the funeral train at Eichmond.
The official personages and prominent citizens accom
panying the Governor were Lieutenant-Governor Conrad
Baker, Hon. T. B. McCarty, Auditor of State, Hon. John
I. Morrison, Treasurer of State, Hon. D, E. Williamson,
Attorney-General, Hon. Laz Noble, Clerk of the Supreme
Court, Hon, Thomas A, Hendricks, Brig-General Tom.
Bennet, Hon. H. S. Lane, Hon. G. S. Orth, Hon. Thomas
N. StUlweU, Hon. David KUgore, Hon. D. S. Gooding,
Hon. D. C. Branham, Hon. J. A. Matson, Hon. Henry
Secrist, Gen. Colgrove, Hon. J. F. Kibby, Hon. T. J. Cason,
Hon. J. L. MiUer, Hon. M. C. Culver, Col. E. N. Hudson,
Col. E. W. Thompson, Col. Oyler, General Dumont, Hon.
John U. Petit, Hon. Joseph E, McDonald, General John
Love, Hon, Thomas Whitesides, Hon. Jer. SulUvan, Col.
Jas. Burgess, Col. L, L, Shuler, Hon, H, C, Newcomb,
Jos. J. Bingham, Alfred Harrison, Wm, Hannaman, Hon.
Jas. N. Tyner, Captain H. B. HUl, Captain Stansifer,
Hon. J. T. AUison, Colonel C. D. Murray, Colonel Ira
Grover, Colonel D. G. Eose, Colonel W. H. J. Eobinson,
Hon. David McDonald, Hon, J. D. Howland, Judge
C. A. Eay, Judge Blafr, Hon. John Hannah, Ex-Gov
ernor Dunning, Dr. Hendrix, Judge Gregory, J. H. McVey,
E. J. Banta, D. E. Snyder, Chas. F. Hoagate, E. N. BroAvn,
Esq., E. B. Catherwood, Esq., E. W. Halford, Esq., WU
liam WaUace, Esq., E. H. Barry, Esq., Hon. A. H. Con
nor, J. T. Wright, W, A. Bradshaw, Esq., J, J. Wright, Esq.,

258 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
E. W. KimbaU, Esq., General Elliott, Major J. H. Lozier,
Andrew WaUace, Esq., J. C. New, Esq., W. H. English,
Esq., Captain Jas. WUson, Mayor Caven and the Com
mon CouncU, T. C, Phillips, J, P, Luse, Esq., J, H. Jordan,
M. C, Garber, W. S. Lingle, Esq., E. J. Eyan, O. S. But
terfield, J, K. EngUsh, W, E. Manlove.
The funeral train reached Eichmond at two o'clock on
the morning of Sunday, AprU 30th. All the beUs of that
city rang out thefr solemn tones to awaken the citizens,
and warn them to repafr to the depot. Eed, white, and
blue lamps were suspended from the depot, and the arch
spanning the track was Ughted with the national colors.
At least 5,000 persons stood in the solemn gloom of the
night, reverently vpith uncovered heads. As the -teain,
bearing the corpse and escort, slowly passed under the
arch, a tableau of the Genius of Liberty weeping over
the coffin of Lincoln, was formed, guarded on either side
by a soldier and saUor, while a band played a mournftil
dfrge, adding greatly to the irapressive ceremonies,
A committee of ladies brought Avreaths, One for Abra
ham Lincoln, bore the words " The nation mourns," The
other, for WUlie, had the foUowing written upon a card :
"Like the early morning flower he was taken from our
midst." These floral gifts were deposited upon the respect
ive coffins.
Centreville, the capital of Wayne county, did its whole
duty, so far as decorations and a crowd of sorrowful spec
tators could be so accounted. The depot was very hand
somely festooned Avith emblems of mourning, reUeved hy
Avreaths of evergreens. The building was iUuminated
vith two large chandeliers, and at least 2,000 people were
formed on either side of the track, through which the
teain moved very slowly.
As the train reached Cambridge City at 4:15 A, M,, it

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 259
was received Avith salvos of artillery. The darkness was
dispelled by the burning of Bengal lights.
The loyal little viUage of Dublin had dressed its depot
in mourning and evergreens, Avith portraits of Lincoln,
Grant, Morton, Sherman and Sheridan. An arch span
ned the raUroad, and the teack was lined with aU the
people the toAvn and country could muster. Darkness
was turned into day by large bonflres, around which the
chUdren were gathered in silence.
The depots at LewisvUle, Coffin's Station, Ogden's and
EaysvUle, were aU appropriately dressed. At LewisvUle
each person on the teain was given a cfrcular, containing
the sentiments of the people, as foUows :
" We mingle our tears with yours. Lincoln — ^the Savior of his
Country — the Emancipator of a Race, and the Friend of aU Man
kind — Triumps over Death, and mounts Victoriously upward with
his old famiUar tread."
KnightstoAvn had erected funeral arches at each end of
the depot, and festooned the building with the badges of
sorrow. A chofr chanted a solemn and beautiful hymn
as the train moved leisurely between the files of mourn
ing citizens. CharlotteviUe had not forgotten that the
honored dead was the friend of the oppressed, and chief
among the procession at the depot was a large body of
colored people. Through the stations of Greenfield and
Cumberland the funeral train passed the same scenes as
at other stations.
The reporter for the Indiana State Journal Avrote :
" Indiana is plunged into the depth of grief Not by
the magnificent demonstrations of her cities and towns
is this shoAvn, but all along the line the farm-houses were
decorated, and their inmates had gathered in clusters,
and by a light of bonfires caught a glimpse of the train

260 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
that was bearing from their sight the remains of a man
who had molded their opinions to the fashion of his OAvn
giant mind, and who in the first gUmmerings of the twi
light of Peace, had been snatched from the scene of his
labors and his ti'iumph to the reward of those ' who sink
to rest, by all thefr country's wishes blest.' "
THE CAPITAL OF INDIANA.
The rain which fell early in the night did not prevent
the outpouruig of the people. After twelve o'clock the
skies cleared and gave place to starlight. By the break
of day the crowd began to gather about the depot, and at
six o'clock aU the avenues leading to it were closely
packed with people. At seven the funeral train arrived.
In the meantime the military had been drawn up in open
order, facing inward, forming a line of bayonets extend
ing from Illinois and Washington streets up to the State
House doors. The general arrangements were under the
direction of Major-Gen. Alvin P. Hovey, commandiag the
District of Indiana. The corpse was taken in charge by
the local guard of honor, under command of Col. Simon-
son, and conducted to the hearse, the city band playing
a sad and sorroAvful dirge, called "Lincoln's Funeral
March," composed expressly for the occasion by Charles
Hess, of Cincinnati. Through the open ranks of soldiers
standing at a present arms, the procession then took np
its line of march to the State House. The raui had
again began to fall, yet on either side, amid the sound of
toUing bells, all along the entire line of march the citi
zens thronged the sidewalks, balconies and house-tops.
The hearse conveying the remains was fourteen feet long,
five feet wide and fourteen feet high, covered with black
velvet. It was curtained with black and trimmed with
silver fringe. The roof of the car bore twelve white

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 261
plumes, with black trimmings. On the top, about
the center, was an eagle, sUver gUt, The sides were
studded with large sUver stars. The car was drawn by
eight horses, with black velvet covers, and each bearing
black and white plumes.
AU the streets bore the usual badges and emblems of
mourning, but Washington-steeet presented superior dis
play. At all the intersecting streets were triple arches,
adorned in part Avith evergreens and national flags, ar
ranged in the most tasteful and beautiful manner.
The enclosure of the State House Square was hung
with wreaths of arbor vitse. At each corner on Washing
ton street smaU arches trimmed Avith evergreen had been
erected. The main entrance on Washington street was
a structure of considerable size, combining a variety of
styles of architecture. It was about twenty- one feet
high, forty feet long, and twenty-four wide. Underneath
was a carriage-way twelve feet wide, with a six-foot pas
sage way on either side. The main piUars were flfteen
feet high. Portraits of Grant, Sherman, Farragut and
Morton were suspended frora the piUars, while on the
pedestals at the top rested handsome busts of Washing
ton, Webster, Lincoln and Clay, The entfre structure
was beautifully shrouded in black and white, relieved by
evergreens, Avith a display of flags. At the north side a
simple gothic arch, decorated vrith the usual draping,
had been erected. The pUlars of the south front of the
Capitol were spirally covered Avith alternate white and
black cloth, the latter edged Avith evergreens, whUe the
coat of arms of the State was placed in the pediment.
During the performance of a funeral dfrge, the toUing of
bells and the sound of cannon, the coffin was conveyed
to the interior of the State House in the presence of the
military and civic escort. The decorations in the Hall,

262 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
where the remains lay in state, reflected much credit upon
those who designed and arranged them. Along the waUs
hung pictures of Washington, Lincoln, Johnson, Seward,
Sheridan, Hovey, Morton, Douglas, Sherman, Grant,
Colonel Dick O'Neill, and Edward Everett. Busts of
Washington, Lincoln, Jackson, Webster, Clay and Doug
las were placed at intervals, thefr brows bound Avith
laurel. A bust of Lincoln, by T. D. Jones, of Cincin
nati, stood on a pedestal at the head of the cofBn, its
brow encfrcled with a laurel Avreath. The HaU was cur
tained Avith black, and brUliantly Ughted with numerous
chandeliers. The catafalque, on which the coffin rested,
was covered Avith black velvet, and teiraraed vpith sUver
fringe. The crowning glory of the interior decorations
was the canopy overhanging and surrounding the cata
falque. It was constructed of black raaterial, in pagoda
shape, with white cords and tassels, the ceUing being
studded Avith golden stars. The coffin, as it rested upon
the dais, was surrounded with flowers, and when the
Veteran Eeserve bearers placed it there, white Avreaths
and floral crosses were laid upon it, and a chofr sung
a funeral hymn.
The foUoAving named officers were detaUed as the In
dianapolis Guard of Honor :
First Watch, from 7 A. M. to 9 A. If,- Col. J. S. Sunon-
son, U. S. A., Major C. S. Stevenson, Paymaster, Surgeon
A. D. GaU, U. S. Volunteers, Captam T. Teneyck, 18th
U. S. Infantry, Captam S, A, Craig, 17th V, E. C, Cap
tain W, H. Thompson, 43d Eegiment Infantry, Indiana
Volunteers. Second Watch, from 9 A. M. to 11 A. M. — Brevet Major
General Alvin P, Hovey, U. S, Volunteers, Colonel Ben-
jamin Spooner, Major J, W. Walker, A. A. G., Major

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 263
Will Cumback, Paymaster, Captain Hugh Middleton, A.
D. C, Captain James Wilson, A. Q. M.
Third Watch, from 11 A. M. to 1 P. ilf,— Colonel Chas,
D, Murray, 89th Infantey Indiana Volunteers, Lieutenant
Colonel J, C. Major, 43d Eegiment Infantry, Indiana
Volunteers, Major WUliam BaUey, Paymaster, Surgeon
Charles J. Kipp, U. S, V., Captam F, S, Dunn, 12th U.
S, Infantey, Captain J, B, Hager, 14th U, S. Infantey.
Fourth Watch, from 1 P. M. to 3 P. Jkf.- Colonel A. J.
Warner, 17th Eegiment, V. E. C, Major V. 0. Hanna,
Paymaster, Surgeon J, S, Bobbs, U. S. V., Captain M.
L. Ogden, 18th U. S. Infantry, Captain E. T. Wallace,
5th V. E. C, Captain William Sweeney, 43d Infantry,
Indiana Volunteers.
Mfth Watch, from 3 P. M. to 5 P. Jf.— Brigadier Gen
eral T. G. Pitcher, A. P, M, General, Major Marshall
Grover, Paymaster, Major W. H. Norris, 43d Eegiment
Infantey, Indiana Volunteers, Captain Fergus Walker,
A, A. I. G., Captain James Whittemore, Ordnance Offi
cer, U. S. A., Captain J. P. Pope, A. C. S.
Sixth Watch, from 5 P. M. to 7 P. Jf.— Brevet Brig
adier General A. A. Stevens, Col. 5th Eegiment V. E. C,
Major M. L. Bundy, Paymaster, Surgeon A. H. Fraser,
22d Eegiment V. E. C, Captain J. D. Taylor, Judge Ad
vocate, Captain Eugene Pickett, 22d Eegiment V, E, C,
Captain T. B, Burrows, 18th U, S, Infantey,
Seventh Watch, from 7 P, ilf, to 9 P, Jf. — Lieutenant
Colonel Allen Eutherford, 22d Eegiment V. E, C, Major
O. A. Blake, 12th Cavafry, Indiana Volunteers, Major C.
M. TerreU, Paymaster, Captain James H. Eice, 5th Eegi
ment, V. E. C, Captain M. H. Bailhache, A. A. G., Cap
tain WiUiam T. Blanchard, 22d Eegiment V. E. C.
Fighth Watch, from 9 P. M. to 11 P. Jf.— Colonel Wm.
E. McLean, 43d Eegiment Infantry, Indiana Volunteers,

264 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Brevet Major H. K. Thatcher, 14th U. S. Infantry, Cap
tain J, D, EusseU, 5th Eegiment V, E. C, Captain Wm.
W, Jones, 22d Eegiment V, E. C, Captain Christopher
C. Becker, 17th Eegiment V. E. C, Captain WiUiam L,
Telton, 43d Infantry, Indiana Volunteers,
Ninth Watch, from 11 P. Jf, until departure. — ^Lieuten
ant Colonel John H. Gardiner, 17th Eegiment V, E. 0.,
Lieutenant Colonel Gapin, 154th Infantry, Indiana Vol
unteers, Captain Samuel Place, 17th Eegiment V, E, 0.,
Captain Eobert C, Hicks, 5th Eegiment V, E. C, Captain
Francis M. Welch, 43d Eegiment Infantey, Indiana Vol
unteers, Captain John O. NeUl, 22d Eegiment V. E. 0,
At nine o'clock the doors of the State House were
throAvn open, and the people, who had patiently waited
for more than two hours, were permitted to view the
corpse. Far down the west side of Washington street,
reaching in fact to Illinois, the sidewalk was closely
packed Avith people, jealously holding thefr places, fre
quently through great personal discomfort. Old men and
young men, women with chUdren in thefr arms, black
people and white, indiscriminately associated, and ani
mated by the same motive — not the gratification of a
morbid curiosity, but an earnest, loving desfre to gaze for
the last time on the features of a great and good man, to
whom they were grateful, doubly endeared by the
atrocious act which destroyed his Ufe. The touching
solemnity of the Guard of Honor, ranged in solemn
silence about the coffin — the sombre insignia of woe hung
around the chamber of death — the sorrowful faces of the
passing multitude, turned to catch one last glimpse of
the features of the dead President, upon all who witness
ed it, ineffaceably impressed the sadness of this " closing
scene."

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 265
Notwithstanding the forbidding weather, a constant
stieam of people passed through the State House
from nine o'clock in the morning till night. It was esti
mated that persons were passed through at the rate of
one hundred and flfty per minute, and that fully one hun
dred thousand viewed the remains in the course of the
day. The Sabbath School scholars of the different
churches of the Capital constituted a most interesting
portion of the mass of mourners. The colored Masons,
in regalia, and colored citizens generaUy, visited the re
mains in a body. They formed a very respectable pro
cession, at the head of which was carried the Emancipa
tion Proclamation, and at intervals banners bearing the
foUoAving inscriptions : " Colored Men, always Loyal."
"Lincoln, Martyr of Liberty." " He Lives in our Memo
ries." " Slavery is Dead."
Elaborate preparations had been made for a civic and
mUitary procession, but the rain fell so heavUy that Gen,
Hovey gave orders that it should not be formed. The
Indiana Journal justly said :
"The unpropitious weather prevented the funeral
pageant, but an offset to the disappointment of the peo
ple in this, was the increased facility given to view the
remains as they lay in state at the Capitol, Every Indi
anian may feel that the honor of the State has been
rather brightened than compromised by their reception
of the remains of President Lincoln, and that the State
where he passed some years of his youth, has rendered
her ftiU quota of honor to hun as the Savior of his
Countey." The ceremonies on the part of the State closed at ten
o'clock Avith a procession of the Marshals around the
cofQn, after which the Guard of Honor and the Guard of
12*

2(J6 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Sergeants flled in and took charge of the remains. At a
few minutes past ten, while the band played the solemn
afr " Old Hundred," the coffin was lUted from the dais
to the shoulders of the Sergeants, and by them carried
to the hearse, whence, through a line of armed teoops
and torch bearers extending from the south entrance of
the Capitol to the west end of the Union depot, the pro
cession, headed by the carriages of Generals Hooker and
Hovey, and composed of the civic and military escort,
attended by Senator Lane and Eepresentatives Orth,
StUlweU and Farquhar, moved, amid the tolling of beUs
and thousands of uncovered heads, to place the coffin of
Abraham Lincoln upon the train prepared by the Lafay
ette Eailroad Company, to be transported to Chicago.
The City Councils of LouisviUe and Cincinnati, and a
delegation from Covington, together with Gov. Bram
lette, of Kentucky, and staff, were the guests of Indiana
during the funeral ceremonies at its capital. Adjutant-
General Terrill, General A. Stoue, Colonel W. W. Fry-
barger and Colonel W. E. HoUoway, of the Governor's
staff, and C. P. Jacobs, General Mansfield, General Ben
nett and John M, Morton were detailed by Gov, Morton
to accompany the funeral cortege from Indianapolis to
Springfield. INDIANAPOLIS TO CHICAGO,
At Indianapolis the funeral party was increased by the
addition of Senator Lane, Eepresentatives Orth, StUlweU
and Farquhar, and the gentlemen of Governor Morton's
staff. For the cortege the usual railway preparations had
been made, N, N. Eeid, the Superintendent of the Michigan
Central Eaifroad, superintending them. The first places
passed by the Funeral Train, after leaving Indianapolis
at midnight, were smaU, yet the people had assembled by

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 267
hundreds, many of them holding torches. Large bonflres
were kept up at way points notwithstanding steady rain.
At Lafayette, at three o'clock and twenty-five minutes
on the morning of May 1st, the houses on each side of the
raUroad track were illuminated, and badges of raourning
and draped flags were prominent. Bonflxes blazed, the
bells toUed, and the funeral strains of music were heard
by thousands of mournful spectators. At Battle Ground,
Brookston and Chalmers the people assembled in large
numbers. At eight o'clock and twenty-flve minutes the train
stopped at Michigan City, nnder a beautiful structure
12 feet wide, and the main columns 14 feet high. From
these sprang a succession of arches in the Gothic style,
35 feet from the base to the summit. From the croAvning
central point was a staff with a draped national flag at
half-mast. The arches were trimmed with white and
black, and ornamented with evergreens and choice flow
ers. Numerous miniature flags fringed the curved edges,
and portraits of the lamented dead were encfrcled with
crape. At the abutments and at the ends of the main
arch were the mottoes : " The purposes of the Almighty are
perfect and must prevail." "Abraham Lincoln, fhe noblest
martyr to freedom ; sacred thy dust ; Imllowed fhy resting-
place." On each side of the arch were the words "Abra
ham Lincoln," formed with sprigs of the arbor vitae, with
the mottoes, " Our guiding-star has fallen;" "The nation
mourns;" and "Though dead he yet speaketh." Near by
this combination of arches stood sixteen young ladies
dressed in white waists and black skfrts, Avith black
sashes. They sang " Old Hundred," concluding with
the Doxology. Many persons were affected to tears.
Large military and civil escorts were attentive and
mournful Usteners, Thfrty-six young ladies occupied a

268 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
tastefuUy -decorated platform, in white dresses with black
scarfs. They held in their hands little flags. In thefr
midst, and almost hidden in the folds of the national flag,
was a lady representing the Genius of America. Mean
time, guns were flred, and the subduing steains of music
filled the air. Miss Colfax, a niece of the Hon. Schuyler
Colfax, and fifteen other ladies entered the funeral car
and laid flowers upon the coffin of the dead. At Michi
gan City the funeral party was joined by Schuyler Colfax,
Senator L. Trumbull, and a committee of a hundred citi
zens of Chicago.
Near Lake Calumet, where the Train entered the State
of lUinois, raany people had asserabled, and squads of
soldiers were seen on the hiU-sides. Minute-guns at 11
o'clock announced the arrival of the cortege at Chicago,
CHICAGO.
As the Funeral Train neared Chicago the gloomy pall
of clouds rolled away and the sun broke through the rifts,
enveloping aU the pageant in a meUow flood of light. At
every street and by-way, as the train roUed through the
suburbs of the city, the crowd of expectant people in
creased, the men standing Avith heads uncovered. The
brave boys of the Soldiers' Home of Fafrview, some forty
maimed heroes ofthe war, and a large representation frotn
the troops on duty at Camp Douglas, gave the soldiers'
salute and stood reverently as, with slackened speed, the
train moved cityward. The Soldiers' Home was very
beautifoUy decorated.
When the teain arrived at the temporary station near
Park Eow, one mile north of the depot, guns were fired
and the court-house bell tolled. From an early hour
people had thronged the streets in the vicinity of and
leading toward the station, and now on every side was a

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 269
perfect sea of heads, unbroken save by the thin line of
blank space running along the middle of the steeets,
hedged in by close ranks of waiting mourners. Every
window was fiUed Avith faces, and every door-step and
piazza fiUed with human beings, whUe every tree along
the route was eagerly climbed by adventurous juveniles.
The roofs of the houses too were covered. Every place
that could by any possibility be used as seeing room was
appropriated. The whole of the large space to the east
of Michigan Avenue — Lake Park — was full even to the
water's edge. Near the station stood miUtary and navy
officers, and prominent city officials ; beyond them were
the mUitary Unesrmade up of three regiraents — two the
Veteran Eeserve Corps frora Camp Douglas. In the rear
of these were nearly ten thousand children, from the
pubUc and private schools, and behind them the imrao-
bUe spectators. Farther along the line, deep doAvn the
avenue as the eye could reach, extended the throng, the
draped regalia of the different societies shoAving conspicu
ously, and setting against a solid background of raarble
palaces all fringed in mourning, and many of them elabo
rately decorated. Behind, was the stUl, clear surface of
Lake Michigan, its waters, as the reporter of the Chicago
Tribune said, "long ruffled by storm, suddenly calmed
from their angry roar into solemn silence, as if they, too,
felt that sUence was an imperative necessity of the raourn-
ftU occasion."
In the center of Park Place, facing east and west, a
funeral arch had been erected. It was coraposed of one
center and two side arches in treple Gothic form. The
principal arch was twenty -four feet Avide and thfrty feet
high to the sumrait ; the side arches each eight feet wide
and twenty feet high — the whole height forty feet. Bach
face was adorned Avith flags and draped with crape, the

270 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
apex occupied by an eagle, that on the east side couching
down to his rest ; the one on the west side had her wings
extended as in the act of taking flight. With this ex
ception and the difference in inscriptions, the two faces
were exactly alike. Each arch was supported by a clus
ter of hexagonal columns, resting on a single base, form
ing four sets of columns on each front. The intertices
between the columns were fitted up as Gothic windows,
draped in black and white. From each columnar group
sprang five national flags, aU draped in mourning and
set in the American shield ; other flags surmounted the
arches, and the drapery fell in graceful festoons all
around the arch, winding up to the central pinnacle.
From the underside of the arches hung heavy drapery of
velvet. On each central pediment was placed a bust of
the President, above which the drapery took the form of
the solar ray. Over each arch was an appropriate motto.
Those on the east front were — "An Honest Man's fhe Nob
lest Work of God." "Our Union: Cemented in Patriot
Blood Shall Stand Forever." "The Poor Man's Champion
— The People Mourn Him."
The mottoes on the west face were — " We Honor Him
Dead who Honored us while Living." " Rest in Peace,
Noble Soul, Patriot Heart." "Faithful to Right: A Mar
tyr to Justice."
Beneath the center arch was an inclined platform, up
which the body was carried to be deposited in the hearse.
The arch was designed and its construction supervised
by W. W, Boyington.
The heavy rain which had faUen interfered with the
proposed elaborate decoration of the city, but in spite of
aU embarrassraent on that account, from dwelling and
business houses were displayed many symbols expressive
of deep mourning, and many appropriate mottoes and

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 271
tasteful devices. In the vast crowd around the raUway
station there was no rush, not even an attempt at dis
order. Every one in that sad crowd kept place. The
flgures were immovable, almost as if placed on canvass.
At a quarter past eleven o'clock the coffin was lifted frora
the car and carried to the dais underneath the Funeral
Arch by the Sergeants in attendance, the pall bearers
forming in single file on each side ; the Guard of Honor
and Washington attendants were ranged on each side of
the passage way, and aU uncovered their heads in rev
erence as the corpse passed by. The coffin was laid on
the dais, and the mourners gathered around it, the Great
Western Light Guard Band taking up position in front
and commencing the funeral march — "The Lincoln
Eequiem " — composed by Vaas for the occasion. After
a short pause, thfrty-six young ladies. High School pu
pUs, dressed in white and banded with crape, came for
ward and walked around the bier, each depositing an
immorteUe on the coffin as she passed. The hearse was
now brought up to the bier, and the procession prepared
to move. It passed out of Park Eow into Michigan
yvenue in the foUoAving order :
PoUce officers single rank, in uniform, wearing mourn
ing rosettes on the left breast and crape bandage on the
arm. Band of music. Great Western Light Guard, forty
pieces, reed band, playuig the " Lincoln Eequiem." Chief
Marshal, Col. E. M. Hough, and Major General Joseph
Hooker. Assistant Marshals — Col. J. L. Hancock and
Superintendent WUliam Turtle, Major General Alfred
SuUy and staff; Brigadier General N, B, Buford and
staff; Brigadier General B, J. Sweet and staff; MiUtary
band; Eighth Veteran Eeserve Corps, Lieut,-Colonel
Skinner comraanding, 400 men, arms reversed, and in
mourning ; MiUtary band ; Fifteenth Eegiment Veteran

272 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
Eeserve Corps, Lieut.-Colonel Martin Flood commanding,
400 men, arms reversed, and in mourning ; Sixth Eegi
ment United States Volunteers, Colonel C, H, Potter,
commanding, 400 men, arms reversed, and in mourning.

PALL BEARERS. PALL-BBABBKS.
Hon. Thos. Drummond.
Hon. Wm. Bross,
Hon. J. B. Rice.

Hon. Lyman Trumbull,
Hou. John. Wentworth,
Hon. F. C. Sherman,
Hon. E. C. Lamed,
Hon. F. A. Hoffman,
Hon. J. R. Jones,

Hon. S. W. FuUer.
Hou T. B. Bryan,
Hon. J. Y. Scammon.

The hearse was eighteen feet in length, with an extreme
height of fifteen feet from the ground. It consisted of a
raised platform, surmounted by a canopy supported by
four pillars. The form of the canopy, or roof, represented
the intersection of two arches at right angles to each
other. Each pillar was surmounted by a massive covered
urn, draped Avith white and black crape, and festooned
Avith white natural camelias. From every pillar was sus
pended a silken American flag, drooped and massively
fastened with crape festoons. Each of the arches in the
canopy was covered Avith rich black sUk velvet, studded
Avith thirteen silver stars, erableraatical of the thirteen
States in the original Federal Union, From the arches
was hung broadcloth drapery, covered Avith black crape
and trimmed with silver fringe thrown back to the corner
pUasters and looped with heavy crape rosettes. The in
terior of the roof was of deep blue sUk, studded aU over
Avith sUver stars. At the head of the remains inside the
car was a beautiful sunburst, constructed of white satin
on a black velvet ground, also studded Avith sUver stars
and encfrcled by white crape ru,che. Surmounting the
car on the exterior of the canopy, stood an American
eagle, draped with crape.
The coffin rested upon a dais elevated about fourteen

LINOOLN MEMORIAL. 273
inches from the platform, and covered with black A^elvet
ornamented with plaited white satin on the sides, over
hung by black chenille fringe. On each side of the dais
was inscribed in large letters the uame " Lincoln," com
posed of white satin, each letter beautifully studded with
sUver stars. The lower part of the dais was heavily
draped with black broadcloth, which fell in graceful
folds over the sides of the hearse, perfectly concealing
the wheels. From the position of the coffin it could
be readily seen by every spectator.
The hearse was raised upon a light spring four-wheeled
vehicle, to which additional springs had bsin placed to
cause the remains to rest gently without any jarring.
The hearse was drawn by ten black horses, exch attended
by a colored groom dressed in black, with crape hat baud
and crape badge on the left arm. The horses were
draped in mourning, fastened with large black crapa
rosettes. The hearse was designed and constructed by
Coan & Ten Broecke, of Chicago.
Following the hearse came the military escort — the
Veteran Eeserve Guard — and the delegations from
Washington. They were succeeded by the Citizens'
Committee of One Hundred, dressed iu blask, with crajie
hat bands and rosettes; the incoming and retirhig
Mayors of Chicago, with members of both old aud new
Councils — mourning badges; the Wisconsin delegation,
consisting of Governor Lewis, General Fairchild, Secre
tary of State, Mr. Hastings, State Treasurer, Adjutant-
General Gaylord, Hon. E. W, Keyes, Mayor of Madison,
Avith fuU Board of Councilmen — also about one hundred
citizens of Madison, Wisconsin ; Judges of the Courts
and Members of the Bar — two hundred gentlemen ; the
EcA'erend Clergy, numbering about fifty, each Avith a
13

.'74 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
A'hite cross on crape band ; Col. Fred. Hurlbut, Marshal;
i>ffii'(=rs of the Army and Navy, in service or honorably
discharged, in uniform, about fifty, including many of
lhe Illinois regimental officers.
The cortege slowly marched along the line, the band
tlaying the solemn dirge, and the throng uncovering
< heir heads as it passed by. Having gone through the
>pen column of the military, who were formed in line on
he avenue from Park Eow to Hubbard Court, the band
etired, and the regimental bands struck up the funeral
strain. The regular divisions of the procession then fell into
ine, as the cortege moved on, in the prescribed order,
There were five divisions, and, excepting that of New
York city, the procession was the grandest and most im-
¦)ressive by which the President's remains had been fol
lowed. In a careful article upon this grand feature of
the pageant in Chicago, the Tribune of that city said :
"The procession was a solemn tribute to his memory,
and evinced the devotion with which aU classes looked
up to Mr. Lincoln. Its composition was varied, and em
braced all nationalities, aU creeds, and all sects. Bronzed,
war-worn and gray-bearded heroes of the army and navy;
veteran' soldiers, incapacitated for active service by hon
orable wounds ; governors of States, and grave, thought
ful-faced counsellors ofthe nation ; metropolitan officials
irrespective of partisan differences ; the children of the
schools by thousands, unconsciously participating in a
ceremony which in after years will be their most precious
recollection ; venerable judges of courts and the reverend
clergy, all creeds merged in the one great sorrow — Prot
estant and Catholic and Hebrew — all moAdng. side by
side ; Knights Templars and Masons, the mysterious sym-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 275
bols of their orders draped in raourning ; HoUandish and
Belgian, EngUsh and Scotch, Irish and Welsh, French
and Norwegian, Danish and Spanish, Hebrew and Bohe
mian societies alraost countiess in numbers ; the Ar-
beiter, Grueth BUdungs and Turnverein, of stalwart,
phlematic Germans, pledged to liberty and humanity;
associations, unions of every description ; and last but
not least, the men whom he has lifted from bondage and
stamped Avith the dignity of manhood, the race whioh by
one stroke of his pen he delivered from the task-master,
and made forever free. For four long hours, they march
ed by Avith steady, measured tramp,"
The line of march was from Park Eow to Michigan
avenue, along the avenue to Lake-steeet, down Lake to
Olark, on Clark to the east gate of the Court-house
square, and inside the square round to the south door of
the Court-house, in which the coffin was deposited ; the
different parts of the procession filed through the Court
house, past the corpse, and left by the north door, break
ing up into sections as they reached the street, and
marching off to the places where they had gathered in
the morning. The whole of the line of march was
strongly guarded along the edge of the sidewalks. In
side these were formed the different components of the
procession in double solid column; the sidewalks and
open spaces being reserved for spectators. The people
had room to pass, and owing to the very efficient meas
ures taken to preserve order, there was no inconvenience
among the immense crowds of people who thronged
every avenue through which a sight of the mournful cor
tege could possibly be gained, and stretched far away
back into the streets abutting on the line of march.
The head of the cortege reached the Court-house at

276 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
12:45 P. M. The military portion of the procession, under
command of Brig.-Gen. Sweet, was formed by regiments
in the Public Square, and as the hearse drew near the
north entrance, they received it with a "present arms,"
and other military tokens of respect. General Hooker
and his accompanying officers took a preliminary survey
of the interior decorations of the Hall, and then returned
to the north entrance. The coffin was borne into the
Court-house upon the shoulders of soldiers, and attended
by the paU-bearers and others who acted as chief mourn
ers. While the coffin was being placed in position, a
choir of many voices sang a dirge, sad and mournful as
the occasion which called them together.
The court-house was elaborately decorated. From each
window hung flags of black and white, and the dome was
covered with mourning emblems, steips of white and
black, and rosettes of the same general hue. The north
door was heavily draped in black, and surmounting the
whole w as the inscription, in black upon a white ground,
" The beauty of Israel is slain upon her high places." On
the south door was this inscription : " Illinois clasps to
her bosom her slain and glorified son." Upon entering the
north door the visitor was struck Avith the air of intense
gloom which pervaded the rotunda. The ceiling was
draped with white and black cambric, gathered into fes
toons about the chandeliers, the last, except the globes,
being covered with crape. The walls throughout the en
tfre length, were covered with black crape, extending
from the ceUing to the floor, closing altogether the stafr-
ways to the court-rooms above and the offices on the first
floor. AboA'-e, on either side, were these inscriptions :
" We mourn. Liberty's Great Martyr has sunk to rest hy
his country blest." Upon the inner side of the south
entrance was this inscription: "He l^t us sustained by

LINCOLN MEMORIAI.. 277
our prayers ; He returns embalmed in our tears." The
catafalque stood in the center of the rotunda, directly
under the dome, with the head fronting the north en
trance. The canopy was draped with rich black veh^et,
Uned Avith white satin, and fringed and ornamented with
stars and a border of silver. The dais was trimmed with
the same materials, and liberally bespangled with silver
.fringes, stars and rosettes. The canopy was supp,)rted by
four fron columns painted white, ornamented with trail
ing vines painted black, the whole covered with crape.
At the head of the catafalque was an eagle executed in
white marble, holding in its talon a miniature flag, and
wearing around its neck a strip of crape. Directly in
front of the catafalque and flUing the space between the
two front supporting columns, were six silk flags, cro *C5
ing each other diagonally, artisticaUy arrauged, produc
ing a singularly agreeable effect. The roof of the cata
falque, inside, was a plain flat top of heavy cloth, in which
were cut fhirty-six stars. Over these were placed a
layer of white gauze, and over this several brilliant le-
flectors, which caused the light to shine throu ;h tlie
stars, upon the body below, with a softened, yellow mel
low radiance. The effect was new and solemn. At each
corner stood an Etruscan vase filled Avith the rarest nat
ural flowers, which alraost overpowered the visitor with
their pungent perfume. Along the sides aud ends of the
dais were bouquets of flowers arranged in cruciform and
basket shape. One of the most noticeable of these was
a Greek cross made of camelias. Extending around the
catafalque, about midway between the dais and tbe can
opy, and looped in elegant festoons, was a wreath of
evergreens and camelias, no inconsiderable part of the
decorations. The designer of this elegant testimonial
was J. M. Van Osdell, Esq,, of Chicago,

278 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
After the coffin was placed upou the dais, the paU-
bearers and the attendant officers retfred, and then the
entfre procession passed through the rotunda in the same
order in which they marched in the streets. The remains
were not exposed. The people could only hurry past the
catafalque and glance at the coffin and its surroundings.
At flve o'clock the remains were exposed to view, and the
announcement made that the public would be admitted.
Immediately the crowd, which was anxiously waitmg
outside the Public Square, began to file into the inclosure.
The arrangements for exhibiting the body were exceUent,
and the visitors passed through the rotunda without con
fusion, taking time only to glance at the revered remains,
at the rate of 7,000 an hour.
At intervals during the evening, dirges were sung, both
solos and concerted pieces. Among others the foUovdng
were performed: "Lord, I yield ray spirit," and the
choral, "Happy and blest," from the oratorio of St, Paul,
" He that endureth to the end shaU be saved," and " Fare
well, father, friend and guardian" — the last, words by
L. M. Dawn, and music by Geo. F, Eoot, composed ex
pressly for this occasion. At midnight the Germans,
numbering several hundred, chanted a beautiful and im
pressive dfrge. It was one of the most interesting inci
dents of this long to be remembered day. A drizzling
rain began to fall about nine o'clock, and yet it was long
after midnight before there was much diminution in the
crowds which sought to get a last look of the dead Presi
dent. They surged through the rotunda as enduring and
constant as a river. It is estimated that up to midnight
at least 40,000 persons had looked upon the remains of
Abraham Lincoln.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. -i',
GUARD OF HONOR.
The foUowing officers were appointed by Brig.-Gen.
Sweet, to serve as the Chicago Guard of Honor over the
coffin: Lt.-Col. Martin Flood, 15th Eegt,, V, E, C, command
ing guard ; Capt. E. C. Phetteplace, Sth Eegt., V. E. C. :
Capt. Samuel C. Gold,^15th Eegt., V. E. C, ; Capt. JeiT\
N. HUl, 15th Eegt., V, E, C. ; Capt. Edward MiUer, loti:
Eegt., V. E. C, ; Capt. J, L. Hill, 24th Ohio Battery ;
1st. Lieut, Nathan Cole, 13th Eegt., V. E, C, ; 1st Lieut.
Frank D, Garrety, 15th Eegt., V. E. C. ; 1st Lieut. J. ^^¦.
CraAvford, Sth Eegt., V. E. C. ; 2d Lieut. J. S. Taylor,
Adjutant, 15th Eegt,, V. E, C; 2d Lieut. Samuel Me
Donald, 15th Eegt., V. E. C. ; 2d Lieut. W. L. Wood, Stl.
Eegt., V. E. C. ; 2d Lieut. W. E. McDaniel, 15th Eegt.
V, C, C, ; 2d Lieut. S, W, Groesbeck, 15th Eegt., V. E. C .
Fifty Illinois officers, formerly serving in the army an^ I
navy, through Gen, JuUus White, offered to serA^e a -
Guard of Honor ; and this offer was accepted by Adjt.
Gen, Townsend, They were appointed as foUows :
First Relief. — Col. Daniels.
Second Relief. — Col. H. Davis.
Third Relief. — Lieut.-Col. Ducat.
Fourth Relief— Gii^t. E. L. Law, U. S. N.
Each officer in command of the relief had under cor-
trol nine officers who, for the time being, acted as tiu-
guard. The foUoAving is the fuU guard :
Col. Hasbrook Davis, Col. Edward Daniels, Major Jiic.
McCarty, Lieut.-Ool. S. McClevy, Major W. B. Scatet .
Major Chas, Ehoon, Brevet Major L. Bridges, Oapt. V^
S. Swane, Capt. Jas. Duguire, Capt. F, Busse, Capt. Ei.-

280 UNOOLW MEMORIAL.
ward Went, Capt. Z. B, Greenleaf, Capt, Henry Kenkle,
Capt, John McAssen, 1st Lieut. N. S. Bouton, Lieut, C,
George, Capt. Sam'l A, Loa'c, Lieut, W, P Barclay, Lieut,
M. Shields, Lieut. J, S. Mitchell, Lieut. G. S. Bigelow,
Licut,-Col,~A. C. Ducat, Capt, E, L. Law, U, S. N; Maj.
L, B. Kimball, Chief Eng, U, S. N.^ Lieut.-Col, T. W.
Grosvenor, Major M.[Thieman, Capt, G, W. Hill, Capt.
H. S, Goodspeed, Capt. E. N. Hayden, Capt. J. N. Leish,
Capt, B. A. Busse, Capt. Ph, Adolph, Capt. J. G. Lang-
gorth, Capt. C. G. Adoc, Capt, Wm, Cunningham, Lieut,
E. J. Eelkmy, Lieut. E, Sheridan, Lieut, Harry Briggs,
Lieut. F. A. Munge, Lieut. J, H. Hill, Lieut. A. EusseU,
Lieut, C. H, Gladding,|
It was calculated that 37,000 persons joined in the
procession, and this was not one-third of the number who
witnessed it. The Chicago Tribune deemed it safe to say
that, including strangers and citizens who^came upon^the
streets bordering the route of the procession, there were
not far from 120,000 souls who participated in and wit
nessed the sad ceremonies.
In pursuance of orders issued by Brigadier- General
Sweet, 400 members of the 15th Veteran Eeserve Corps,
400 ofthe Sth Veteran Eeserve Corps, and 400 ofthe 6th
United States Infantry participated in the pageant, and
detachments of the first two regiments performed guard
duty during the afternoon and night. The 24th Ohio
Battery Avas also in the city from Ciimp Douglas. One
detiichii.eiit'sti'^ed the minute guns at Park Place, Avliile
iLe icii aiiitk'r actt'd us mounted guards on the various
parth of the line of march.
In the 1)1 ocession Avith the Chicago Board of Trade was
Jir. Daiiiel Brooks, of Ncav Ilanipshiie, Avho, when a boy
of sixtetu, marched iu the funeral procession of George
Washington.

LnrOOLN MEMORIAL, 281
After midnight, persons anticipating the crowd of the
forthcoming day, left their homes expecting to pass im
mediately into the rotuuda Avliere the corpse lay, but were
disappointed in being compelled to take their places with
others, some of Avhom had Avaited for hours. At noon, on
the second of May, the line extended from the Court House
to the corner of Washington aud Lasalle streets, down
the former street three blocks to State street, then one
block south to Madison, and along Madison street down
to Clark street — within a teifle of a mile in length.
Writing from Chicago on the morning of the 3d of May,
the reporter of the New York Tribune said :
" A' part of day before yesterday, all of night before
last, and all day yesterday, the remains of the President
lay in state amid the imposing funeral surroundings in
the Court House, and stiU there was not sufficient time
for aU who sought the privilege to look upon his face.
And when it was night, and the coffin was closed, and
young ladies came to place upon it fresh flowers Avrought
into significant and touching emblems, and the last dirge
was being chanted by the choir, and the guard of honor
and the funeral escorts surrounded the bier, and the coffin
was borne upon the shoulders of the veteran sergeants
to the hearse in the street, between lines of flaring torches
— even then, when the gates of the public square had been
closed an hour, a long, dense column stUl waited in the
vain hope of being admitted,
"Talieu allin all, Chicago made a deeper impression
upon those Avho had been A\ith the funeral from the first
than any one of the ten cities passed through before had
done. It was to be expected that such would be the case ;
yet, seeing how other cities had honored the funeral, there
seemed to be no room for more ; and the Eastern members
of the cortege could not repress surprise when they saw

282 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
how Chicago and the North-west came, with one accord,
Avith tears aud Avith offerings, to help bury 'this Duncan'
who had ' been so clear in his great office,' The last of
these teibutes was the escort of torches to the funeral teain,
shoAving the cortege as it passed to thousands who were
themselves Avrapped in darkness."
The Court House was closed at eight o'clock, and the
coffin, Avith its honored contents, was escorted to the cars,
which waited to convey it and its attendants to Spring
fleld, in the foUoAving order :
Band.
R. M. Hough, Chief Marshal.
Colonel J. L. Hancock and Captain Turtle, Assistant Marshals.
Major General Hooker and staff.

PaU Bearers.

PaU Bearers.

[The members of the Common CouncU acting as PaU Bearers.]
Captain James McCauley, V. R. C, Lieutenants Durkee, Murphy and
Hoppy.
Guard of Honor (in carriages, as before.)
Captain Perose, Col. Robinson, Captain Wyman, Illinois Delegation.
Congressional Delegation.
The cortege was flanked by torch-bearers, who marched
paraUel Avith it, and three feet from the sidewalk. The
route of the procession was through Washington and
Market steeets to Madison street bridge, and thence to
the depot of the St. Louis and Alton Eailway.
The torchUght display was the most beautiful ever
Avitnessed iu the West, and when it reached the depot, the
glare of its lights feU upon hundreds of people who had
taken a last look of the corpse in the rotunda of the Court
House, yet who were unwiUing to be absent when it
departed frora the city.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 283
Eeviewing the suggestions and lessons of the solemn
pageant which had arrested business, hushed all the noise
and quieted all the rush of trade and commerce in the
great City of the Lakes, the Chicago Tribune said :
"These steeets, that flve years ago this very month
blossomed Avith flags and echoed the booming of cannon
and the jubilations of assembled thousands, as the news
was announced that Abraham Lincoln had been nominated
as the candidate for the Presidency of the United States,
are now clad in the parti-colored emblems of mourning,
and echo only the solemn tolling of bells that then rang
out glad peals, and the booming of minute guns that then
gave forth the people's gladness. He went from araong
us the brave, earnest, hopeful, honest. Christian man, to
save the country from the ruin which portended — ^the
cloud, no bigger than a man's hand, that overspread the
whole heavens, covered the whole land with darkness and
deluged it Avith the pitiless storm. He went as an earnest,
simple man, determined only to interpose the shield of
justice and right between the threatened EepubUc and its
enemies, to maintain the authority of the laws and the
Constitution handed doAvn by the fathers, and re-estabUsh
order and obedience. He comes back to us, his work
flnished, the EepubUc vindicated, its enemies overthroAvn
and suing for peace ; but alas ! he returns with the croAvn
of martyrdom, the victim of the dastard assassin. He
left us asking that the prayers of the people might be
offered to Almighty God for Avisdom and help to see the
right path and pursue it. Those prayers were answered.
He accomplished^ his work, and now the prayers of the
people ascend for help to bear the great affliction which
has faUen upon them. Slain as no other man has been
slain, died as no other man has died, cut down while in-

284 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
terposing the hand of his great charity and merey between
the wrath of the people and guilty traitors, the people of
Chicago tenderly receive the sacred ashes with bowed
heads and streaming ej^es,"
"In Chicago he first laid deep and broad the founda
tion of his legal attainments. In the courts of Chicago
he gained that distinction which made him peer among
the ablest counsellors of the land. In that remarkable
debate with the lamented Douglas, Chicago, more than
any other city, aided to give his immortal utterances a
wide-spread circulation throughout the land, and thus
brought prominently before the country this hard work
ing toiler, this acute thinker and logical reasoner, this
unflinching and' unyielding patriot, Chicago first sum
moned from his comparative obscurity, in a political sense
at least, this man of men, and demanded that the coun
try should recognize in him one fit to stand in high
places — a safe counsellor in danger, a wise and prudent
ruler in crises. And when, as the clouds were gathering
thickly, and the mutterings of the approaching tempest
A^ere heard ou the southern horizon, the servants of the
people gathered together in this city to select the pilot
who should stand at the helm, Chicago firmly demanded
that that pilot should be Abraham Lincoln, * # # »
" His calm, sad face was ever turned" westward, and
already he had determined that, when he had fulfilled
his glorious mission, full of honors, his course as rounded
and complete as the orbit of a planet, pater reipublicw,
then laying aside the reins of government aud sheathing
the sword of justice, he Avould come to Chicago to spend
the remainder of his days in the enjoyment of that ease
he had so deservedly won, and go down to the grave in
the quiet of home, peacefully and serenely. By the mys-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 285
terious and inscrutable providences of Almighty God,
that near desire of his heart was denied him * * * *
" For all these reasons it was peculiarly appropriate
that Chicago should do honor to his remains iu a manner
commensurate with his great abilities and his resplendent
traits of personal character. That duty has been ac
complished nobly and appropriately."
CHICAGO TO SPRINGFIELD.
The bells were toUed, a choir sang a dirge, and several
bands of music performed solemn airs, as the funeral
cortege left Chicago. Mr. Blackstone, the President, and
Eobert HaU, the Superintent of the Eailroad Company,
gave personal attention to the running of the train.
Large accessions were made to the funeral party. Among
them were the Springfield delegation appointed to escort
the President's remains to the city from which he was
caUed as Chief Magisteate. It was composed of the fol
lowing named gentlemen : Governor Oglesby and staff;
George H. Harlow, Private Secretary to the Governor ;
W. J. Conkling, A. L, Babcock, A, Johnson, W. D,
Crowell, James C. Conkling, D. L. Gold, G. M. Brinker
hoff, N. W. Miner, A. Hale, A. A. Brackett, F. W. Tracy,
H. G. Fitzhugh, T. A. Eaysdale, G. H. Souther, E. L.
Gross, E. B. Hawley, T, S. Whitehurst, A. B. McKenzie,
Cyrus Vandever, S. M. Parsons, E. P. Johnston, Charles
Dunn, J. E. EoU, S. D. B. Salter, B. Wright, Colonel
WUUam A. Smidt, E. L. Conkling, C. S. Zane, S. G. Nes-
bit, J. J. Lord, F. K. Whitmore, W. W. Watson, A. T.
Barnes, P. C. Kennedy, John Armsteong, Joel Johnston,
G, Keyes, J. M, Burkhardt, S. Holiday, Hon. James H.
Beveridge, J, P. McCoy and Ed, S, Multimer,
Governor Bramlette and staff and a number of promi
nent citizens of Kentucky were also upon the train, em-

286 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
bracing D. W. Lmdsay, Adjutant General ; S. E, Sud-
darth. Quartermaster General ; W, T. Scott, Paymaster
General; WiUiam H. Granger, Aid-de-Camp; A. G.
Hodges, Aid-de-Camp ; Eev. D. P. Henderson, Chaplain ;
W. T. Samuels, Auditor ; James E, Page, Assistant Sec
retary; J, E, Duncan, Aid-de-Camp; Hon. Wm. Kaye;
D. E. Haggard, M.D,; W. B, Belknap, Esq.; A. B, Sem
ple, Esq,; Arthur Peter, Esq,; B, F, Avery, Esq.; J, D,
Orral, Esq.; E. C, Gwathmey, W. H. Goddard, T, C,
Coleraan, E, L, Post, A, J, Ballard, E, Slaughter, M,
Bedding, J, C, Nauts, W, B, Gurley, C, C, HuU, L. B,
Todd, B, M, Patten, W. H. Kinney, E. N. Woodruff, W.
D. Smith, J. H. Spear, Eev. C. Vansantvoord, Chaplain
U, S, A.; Eev. T, Farver, do, do.; Major General J, M,
Palmer, Commanding Department of Kentucky ; Staff,
Major L, Hamraond, A. I. G.; Captain E, B. Harlan, A.
A. G.; Captain H. Howland, C. Q. M,; Captain J, P,
Herbert, Chief of ArtUlery ; I. M .Wood, Orderly. There
were also on the train a considerable number of the lead
ing citizens of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota.
At Bridgeport the people lighted bonffres, and with
torches iUuminated the teack as the train slowly moved
along. Passing Summit, Joyes and Lennox, crowds of
spectators were seen. At Lockport, at 11:33, minute
guns were fired. Many persons stood near the track
holding torches, and in the background was an immense
bonfire. Many of the houses were draped in mourning,
and some were iUuminated. One of the mottoes was :
"Oome Home." The train passed aU the stations slow
ly, the bells of the locomotives being tolled. At Joliet,
near midnight, minute guns were fired and the beUs
toUed, and a brass band played a funeral air. Many
ladies and gentlemen, arranged on a heavUy draped plat
form, sang a hymn. It is said that 12,000 persons were

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 287
assembled. The depot bore an illuminated porteait of
the late President, with the motto : " Champion, De
fender, and Martyr of Liberty." Bonfires lighted up this
interesting scene, and draped national flags were waved.
It was raining, but this did not prcA^ent even women and
chUdren from a participation in these outward marks of
respect. The teain moved beneath an arch which spanned
the track. It was consteucted of immense timbers, deck
ed Avith flags, mottoes, and a proftision of evergreens, and
surmounted by a figure of the Genius of Ameiica.
" There is rest for thee in Heaven," was sung by male
and female voices as the fimeral car passed. At Elwood
and Hampton the people had kindled immense bonfires.
At Wilmington, at 10 o'clock on the morningof May 3d,
at least a hundred people were draAvn up in line on each
side of the teack, with torches. Minute guns were fired.
Over two thousand persons surrounded the station, the
men standing Avith thefr heads uncovered. At Gardner,
au the houses were draped Avith mouriUng and Ulumin
ated, At DAvight, beUs were toUed and minute guns
fired. The American flag was drapecl . At Odell, Cayuga
and Pontiac large crowds assembled, Avith the usual
demonsteations, including minute guns ; also at Lexing
ton, At Tonawanda, at half-past four o'clock, there was a
large assemblage of people. At Bloomington a large
arch bore the inscription, " Go to thy rest." At other
stations minute guns, the tolling of beUs, singing by a
chofr of ladies, conteibuted with mournful effect to the
sadness of the occasion which called out the inhabitants.
At daylight the sky was clear, and the farm houses
along the Une exhibited badges and drapery of sorrow.
Porteaits of Abraham Lincoln were prominent in .every
dfrection. Thousands of people were assembled at Atlanta.

28S LINOOLN MEMORIAL.
Minute guns were flred, aud there was music of the fife
and muffled drum. Among the mottoes was, "Mourn
fully and tenderly bear him to his grave."
At Lincoln, reached at seven o'clock, named after Abra
ham Lincoln, and containing between two aud three thou
sand inhabitants, the depot was handsomely draped.
Ladies, dressed in white and black, sang as the train
passed under a handsomely constructed arch, on each
side of which was a picture of the deceased President,
with the motto, " With malice to none, with charity for
all." The National and State flags were prominently
displayed, and a profusion of evergreens, with black and
white drapings, made up the artistic aud appropriate
arrangements. At BroadweU and Elkhart, men stood with uncovered
heads, and ladies waved little flags, which were hand
somely draped. Eighteen miles from Springfleld the
cortege passed under an arch, with both large and small
flags, mourning drapery and evergreens. Of the latter
was formed a cross intertwined with black, bearing the
motto: "Ours the Cross: thine the Grown." At Wil-
liarasville all the houses were draped, and there were
many flags and portraits. There was another arch, with
the inscription : " He has Fulfilled his Mission." At
Sherman Station, eight miles from Springfield, many
people assembled on the road, some on horseback and
some in cairiages, but the larger part on foot. The num
ber increased as the train proceeded, until at nine o'clock
— an hour beyond the schedule time — it reached Spring
field. SPRINGFIELD.
The correspondent of the New York Tribune Avrote as
follows of the suggestions and scenes of Abraham Lin-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. -St)
coin's return to Springfield, from the service ofhis country
and from martyrdom in that service :
"He said, in the few words of impressive farewell
addressed to his friends on the llth day of February,
1861, after he had stepped upon the platform of the car
which was to bear him away, ' I must now leave you —
for how long I know not.' Alas ! those friends now know
just how long. He said, too, ' I go to assume a task raore
difficult than that which devolved upon Washington.'
And now the whole world Avhose central figure he has
been from that day to this, must concede that he has
acquitted himself of that task Uke another Washington.
In the mellow air and bright sunlight of this May morn
ing, sweetened by the rain of last night, when those
prairies are clothed in flowers, and the thickets of wUd
fruit tiees, and blossoming orchards are jubilant with
bfrds, he comes back. His friends and neighbors are
here to receive hira, not with banners and triumphal
music; not Avith congratulations and grasping of hands,
as they had hoped to do ; not so, but in mourning ; and
his oldest and dearest friends corae to raeet hira, to be the
pall-bearers at his funeral. The contrast between that
other day and to-day, the contrast between what but for
the assassin the day of his return should have been, and
what that day actually is ; these contrasts force themselves
upon the nnnd, aud wiU not be banished from our thoughts.
The train that brought him to his long home moved
slowly into the toAvn, raoved slowly through raasses • of
' plain people' who had come from all the countey round
about. These people had known him always, as the boy
struggUng for knowledge while he battled with poverty ;
as the young man who surveyed thefr lauds, and read all
night when perchance he stayed at their humble houses ;
as the rising young laAvyer who plead the causes of the
13*

290 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
poor for only ' sweet pity's sake ;' who upheld the weak
against the strong for only justice's sake, and because
oppresdon was hateful to him; as the politician, whose
continual plea was, ' Let us see if this thing be right — if
it be right let us have it, but if it be wrong let us put it
away from us;' as the State legislator, who with one
other, against an intolerant majority dared to file upon
the records his protest against Slavery ; as the Presidential
Elector, who each four years spoke his convictions in
every town in the State, though in a hopeless minority,
for conscience sake, and yet never lost his temper or
called bad names; as the candidate for Senator, who
deliberately said, ' I will not be double-faced, I wUl utter
the same opinions at both ends of the State, I will not be
made Senator by a fraud ;' and by and by he was made
President and went from among them — and they watched
him from afar, were proud that one of themselves had
becorae in vfrtue and in station, ' the foremost man in aU
this world.' And then they saw him accomplish his great
task; and now they were seized by a mighty longing to
see him once more, and they made him promise that he
would come in June ; and then they heard of his most
horrible murder, and behold, he comes in May, but he
comes a dead man. Say, have not these people a right
to mourn and to refuse to be comforted 1 Was he not
peculiarly their own, and when you and all of us sorrow
shaU these not lament 1
"The train stops. The pall-bearers, those old men,
friends of his, lang syne, approach. The stUlness among
aU the people is painful ; but when the coffin is taken
frora the car, that stillness is broken, broken by sobs,
and these are more painful than the stillness. The coffin
is borne to the hearse; the hearse moves, slowly, almost
tenderly, away, foUowed by the mourners, and the pall-

LINOOLN MEMORIAL. 291
hearers walk by the side. The cortege, more solemn than
any that had gone before, reaches the State House, where
he was wont to speak face to face Avith his neighbors —
where at this hour those neighbors press to behold his
face locked in death. All night they will pass by with
eyes searching through tears for resemblances and recog
nition of the features they knew so well. Many will not
know the poor, chUled, shrunken features for his, for the
beautiful soul that transflgured them into all loveliness
no longer iUumines this bit of clay — aye, but it shines at
the Eight Hand !
• • « *
" Springfield had been the home of Abraham Lincoln
twenty-five years. With his companionable nature and
open heart it followed that he was the personal acquaint
ance and friend of all the men, women and children in the
city, and in all the region round about. Besides, Spring
field was the political center of the State, and during
twenty years Abraham Lincoln was the acknowledged
State leader of a political party. That party, or the one
that sprang from it, was finally successful, aud rewarded
him not merely with State honors, but with the headship
of the nation. Such men as E, D, Baker, Lyman Trum-
buU, Eichard Tates, S. T. Logan, David Davies, Owen
Lovejoy, E. B. Washburne, Wm. H. Bissell, E. J. Oglesby,
J. N. Arnold and John Wentworth — all these conceded
his right to leadership, and cheerfully rallied beneath his
standard. And yet more than the political leader, he
was the popiUar townsman and good neighbor at his
home in Springfleld. Springfield, then, is his proper
burial place."
The foUowing had been announced as the Military
Programme :

292 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
Special Orders, ) Headquarters, District op Illinois,
No. 86. 5 Springfield, III., AprU 28, 1865.
The foUowing programme for the funeral ceremonies of the late
President of the United States is pubUshed for the information of aU
concerned :
1. On the first and third days of May, thirteen guns wiU be fired
at dawn, aud afterwards at intervals of thirty minutes, between the
rising and setting sun, a single gun, and at the close of the day a
national salute of thirty-six guns.
2. On the fourth of May, twenty-one guns at dawn, and afterwards
single guns at intervals of ten minutes until the procession moves;
firing will then cease untU the close of the day, when a national
salute of thirty-six guns will be fired.
3. Company E, 23d Regiment V. R. C, is designated as guard to
the remains ofthe late President, whUe lying in state in the Hall of
the House of Representatives.
4. The following troops will be drawn up in Hne, in fuU dress
uniform, at the railroad depot, at least one hour prior to the time
flxed for the arrival of the remains: 146th Hlinois Volunteers;
Company E, 23d Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps.
5. After the arrival of the remains at the depot, all of the 146th
Illinois Volunteers iu this city will be detailed for guard duty, and
wiU be posted at such points as may be necessary.
6. At the earliest possible moment on the morning of the 4th
proximo, the 12th Michigan Volunteers, and the battalion of the 14th
Iowa Volunteers, at Camp Butler, wiU repair, under commaud of
their respective officers, to this city, for duty as escort. After the
conclusion of the funeral rites, they will return without delay to their
station. Quartermaster's Department wUl furnish transportation.
7. The escort wiU consist of the foUowing troops, and will be
commanded by Col. C. M. Prevost, 16th V. R. C: 24th Michigan
Volunteers; I46th Illinois Volunteers; Company E, 23d Regiment
V. R. C. ; Company C, 42d Wisconsin Volunteers.
By command of Brig. Gen. John Cook.B. F. SMITH, Asst. Adjt. Gen.
The Funeral Train was announced by the flring of
cannon at nine o'clock. It passed into the depot through
a dense crowd of expectant people, composed not only of
the citizens of Sangamon county, but representing aU the

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 293
States touching Illinois. The St. Louis delegation con
sisted of the Old Guard and Halleck Guards, raerabers of
the city government, of the Merchants' Exchange, Gov,
Fletcher and Staff, and Gen, Dodge, who commands the
Department of Missouri, and his Staff, together with a
number of private citizens, in aU between five and six
hundred persons. The procession was promptly formed
in the foUoAving order: — ^Brigadier-General Cook and
Staff; miUtary escort ; Major-General Hooker and Staff,
on foot; the guard of honor; relatives and friends in
carriages; the Illinois Delegation from Washington;
Senators and Eepresentatives of the Congress of the Uni
ted States, including Speaker Colfax and thefr Sergeants-
at-Arms ; the Illinois State Legislature ; the Governors of
different States ; delegations from Kentucky; the Chicago
Committee of Eeception ; the Springfield Committee of
Eeception; theJudges ofthe different courts; thereverend
clergy; officers of the army and navy; firemen of the city ;
citizens generaUy ; colored citizens. The route of the pro
cession was dfrect to the State House, and the President's
remains were borne by the Veteran Sergeants into the Hall
ofthe House of Eepresentatives, in accordance Avith the mies
which had governed the care of the coffin from the mornuig
on which it was carried from the Capitol at Washington.
The principal decorations of the city were confined to
the buUdings on the four sides of the Capitol Square.
At the Ffrst National Bank a wreath of evergreen and a
portrait of the deceased President surraounted the motto :
" He left us upheld by our prayers.
He retums embalmed in our tears."
Over Wolf & Bergmann's was a porteait, and the motto :
" An honest man now lies at rest.
As ever God with his image blest ;
Few hearts Uke his with virtue warmed.
Few heads Arith knowledge so informed."

294 • LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
Hammerslough Brothers displayed a portrait of Mr. Lin
coln, with the motto: "Millions bless thy name." The
store of J. H. Holfer & Co, was decorated with drapery
and a bust of Lincoln trimmed with evergreens, John
McGriery's store was decorated with drapery and flags,
and the motto : " Revere his Memory." The headquarters
of the Paymaster's Department were appropriately draped ,
and displayed the flag at half mast, L, Steiners & Co,'s
store had the following motto : " Weep, sweet country weep,
let every section mourn ; the North has lost its champion, the
South its truest friend. Let every patriot halt at our country's
altar, and drop a passing tear for departed worth." The
Court House and the rooms of the State Agricultural
Society were very beautifully draped. Little's store had
the motto : " He still lives in the hearts ofhis countrymen."
G. W. Chatterton's store displayed the most elegant and
tasteful decoration in the city. The building was pro
fusely draped, and had on its front a monument against
a black background, inscribed : " Lincoln," " With
malice towards none, with charity for all." In the large
window, which was heavily set in black, was an eagle
holding in his beak a beautiful wreath of evergreens and
immortelles, the whole surmounting a bust ofthe depM'ted
President, at the base of which was the motto : " Ours in
life — the nation's in death." Eobinson & Banman's store
had the motto : " Our nation mourns." Smith & Bros.'
store displayed a bust wreathed in evergreens, Avith the
motto : " How we loved him." J. H, Adams' store had a
bust in the window, with the motto : " A sigh the absent
claim, the dead a tear;" also, a portrait with the motto:
" Our martyred chief." The Odd Fellows' Hall displayed
a portrait beautifuUy trimmed with evergreens. Other
places of business and many of the private residences in
the city were beautifully draped, among them the Execu-

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 205
tive Mansion, and the residences of ex-GoA^ernor Matteson
and Colonel Baker of the State Journal.
The old residence of Mr. Lincoln was the center of
mournftil interest. The house, which was occupied by
Lucien Tilton, was very heavUy draped in mourning.
The windows were curtained with black and white, the
corner posts wreathed with evergreens, the cornice hidden
by festoons of black and white looped up at intervals, and
the space between the cornice of the door and the central
window fllled with the American flag gracefully trimmed.
The law office which Mr. Lincoln had occupied in a
block of three-story brick buildings, was draped in mourn
ing, and at the door hung a portrait of the deceased.
The State House was decorated with superior taste and
skiU. The outside of the dome was deep black, aud,
together with the cornice and piUars on which it rests, was
elaborately festooned with white and black. Similar
drapery fell from the eves and columns ; the pediments,
both on the north and south entrances, were corrugated
with evergreens, and the capitals draped with white and
black muslin. All the windows were partially curtained
with black- white trimmings at the top and black falling
at the base ; from the crown of the dome was a staff', on
which was the national flag at half-mast with black
streamers. The entrance to the Capitol and the rotunda
was heavUy draped, and festoons of evergreens hung
from the dome.
In the Eepresentatives HaU the general arrangement
made the decorations correspond with the room, which is
a semi-circular colonade of eleven Corinthian columns,
supporting a half dome, the straight side being toward
the west, at the centre of which was the Speaker's chair,
which had been removed for the occasion. At the apex
of the dome was a rising sun, radiant to the cfrcumfer-

296 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
ence. Ou the floor a dais was erected, ascended by three
steps. On the dais a hexagon- canopy, supported on
columns twelve feet high, the shaft covered with black
velvet ; the capitals wrought in white velvet, Avith sUver
bands, fllled the canopy, tent-shaped, rising seven feet in
the centre, covered with heavy black broadcloth in radi
ating slack folds, surmounted at the apex and at each
angle with black plumes having white centres, A draped
eagle was perched on the middle of each crown-mould.
The cornice was of Egyptian pattern, corresponding Avith
the capitals covered with black velvet; the bands and
mouldings were of sUver ; the lining of the canopy was
white crape in radiating folds over blue, thickly set with
stars of silver, and terminating at the cornice inside in a
band of black velvet with silver fillets. Between the
colurans was a rich valance in folds, with heavy silver
fringe, from under which depended velvet curtains extend
ing from each column two-thirds of the distance from the
capitals to the centre of the cornice, looped Avith silver
bands — the whole so disposed as to exhibit both columns
and capitals, inside and out. The effect of the canopy
and its supports and the drapery was very imposing, the
whole being unique and elegant, combining Ughtness
Avith massiveness in harmony, Tweh'e brUliant jets of
gas burning in ground glass globes springing from the
columns, lighted the interior aud reflected from the folds
of double lining an opuUne atmosphere to the whole.
The catafalque was covered Avith black velvet, trimmed
Avith silver and satin, and adorned with thirty-six bur
nished silver stars, twelve at the head and twelve on
each side. The floor of the dais was covered with ever
greens and white flowers. The steps of the dais were
covered with broadcloth drapery, banded with sUver lace.
The columns of the room were hung with black crape, and

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 297
the capitals festooned and entwined Avith the same, so as
to display the architecture to good advantage, without
deteiment to the effect. The cornice was appropriately
draped, and, in large antique letters on a black ground,
were the words of President Lincoln at Independence
HaU, PhUadelphia, Feb. 22, 1861 :— " Sooner than sur
render these principles, I would be assassinated on the
spot," In front of the gallery were black panels nine
feet by two and a half, having silver bands and centres
of crossed olive branches ; above the gaUery looped cur
tains of black crape extended around the semi-circle ;
below the gallery white crape curtains overhung Avith
black crape festoons. Each column was ornamented
with a beautiful wreath of evergreens and white flowers,
the gift of Mrs. Gehlraan, of Springfleld, On the top of
the gaUery, extending the entire length, was a festoon of
evergreens. The Corinthian cornice was festooned on
the west at each side, twenty-four feet forward of the
centre, supported by pilasters of the same order, the
space between being surmounted by an obtuse arch
reaching Avithin one foot of the apex, and projecting six
inches, leaving, after the removal of the speaker's chair,
a depression resembling a panel, thirty three feet wide
by thirty-seven feet high. At the extreme height, in the
upper portion of this was placed a blue semi-circular fleld,
sixteen feet across, studded Avith thirty-six stars six
inches in diameter, and from which radiated the thfrteen
steipes on the Araerican flag in delicate crape, two feet
Avide at the cfrcumfer ence of the blue fleld, increasing to
the extreme lower angle, breaking on the dais below and
the pUasters on either side ; the whole crowned with blue
and black crape, and so disposed as to correspond with
the blue fleld, the stars, and radiated panels of the ceil
ing ; the central red stripe fell opposite the opening in the
14

298 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
curtains at the head of the catafalque. On the cornice, each
side of the flag work, were placed two mottoes, corres
ponding Avith that on the semi-cfrcular freese, forming
together these words : " Washington the Father and
Lincoln the Saviour." A Ufe-sized portrait of Washing
ton, the frame draped in blue crape, stood at the head of
the dais. In the northwest and southwest corners living
evergreen trees and flowers were arranged. The interior
decorations were perfected under the direction of the
Chairman of the committee, Mr. G. F. Wright, formerly
from Hartford, Conn.
The catafalque was designed by Col. Schwarts. The
exterior decorations and those of aU other public buUd
ings, were entirely under the superintendence of E. E. My
ers, architect at Springfleld.
Immediately after the body had been placed upon the
catafalque, the waiting people were admitted to the State
House. They were obliged to ascend a winding staircase
into the Eepresentatives' HaU, and return by the same
route' ; and the passage was often obstructed, but the
people were sad and patient, and rarely did confusion
interrui)t the stream of mourners, which continued in
almost unbroken line from about ten o'clock on the morn
ing of the 3d of May till ten o'clock on the morning of
the 4th. It was estimated that at least seventy-flve
thousand persons visited the remains. AU beholders
were impressed with awe by the mournfulness of the
surroundings, and by the solemn reminders ofthe grave
which met thefr gaze, and moved through the HaU in
sUence. They approached at the left hand of the corpse,
passed around the head, and out on the opposite side.
At midnight a train of cars came in on the Great West
ern Eailroad, and the whole body of passengers flled at
once down to the Capitol, and passed through. Trains

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 299
were, continuaUy arriving, bringing thousands more, and
at three o'clock on the morning ofthe 3d, hundreds were
walking the streets, unable to flnd any accommodation,
although the citizens generaUy threw open thefr houses.
A Uttle before midnight the ladies of the Soldiers' Aid
Society laid on the coffin a cross of evergreen and white
flowers, and unknoAvn persons placed on it three wreaths
of the same. Some, as they passed the corpse, exhibited
Uttle emotion ; but so soon as they were reraoved from the
awe-inspfring scene, and fuUy reaUzed that they had
looked for the last time on earth, on the features of the
great and good man, once thefr famUiar neighbor, wept
with a touching sorrow.
THE PINAL CEREMONIES.
The Comuuttee of Arrangements decided upon the
foUoAving order' of funeral procession of Abraham Lincobi,
late President of the United States, under the immediate
dfrection of Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, Marshal-in-Chief,
Brigadier General John Cook and Staff, Brevet Brigadier
General James Oakes and Staff .•
Military.
Funeral escort.
FIRST DIVISION.
Col. C. M. Prevost, 16th Regiment V. R. C, Marshal.
Aids — ^Lieut. Thomas B. Beach, A. A. A. General, Major Horace Holt,
1st Massachusetts Heavy ArtiUery, Capt. J. C. Reunison,
15th N. Y. Cavahy, Capt. E. C. Raymond, 124th
HI. Infautry, Capt. Eddy, 95th IU.
Infantry, Lieut. H. N. SchUck,
1st N. Y. Dragoons.
To consist of Cavalry, ArtiUery aud Infantry.
SECOND DIVISION.
Major F. Bridgeman, Pay Department U. S. A., Marshal.
jiid«— Major R. W. McClaughry, Major W. W. White.

300 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
Officers and Enlisted men of the Army and Navy, not otherwise
assigned iu the order stated ; Officers in
Uniform and Side Arms.
Major General John A. McClernand, Grand Marshal.
Aids — Lieut. Col. A. Schwartz, Capt. Henry Jayne, Capt. R. Rudolph,
Capt. Benj. Ferguson, Thomas Owen, Hon. Charles Keys,
J. L. MiUion, Wm. M. Springer, E. E. Myers,
A. N. J. Crook, Ed. N. Merritt,
and N. Higgins.
THIRD DIVISION.
Col. Dudley Wickersham, 1st Army Corps, Marshal.
Aids — Joshua Rogers, Isaac A. Hawley, W. F. Kimber, J. B. Perkins
and Charles Canfield.
Marshals of Sections. — Col. William S. Barnum, Capt. A. J. AUen, Col.
S. N. Hitt, C. L. Conkling, Robert P. Officer,
Capt. T. G. Barnes, D. W. Smith.
Officiating Clergymen.
Surgeons and Physicians of the Deceased.
Guard of Honor.

Pall Bearers.

PaU Bearers.

Horse of the late President, led by two grooms.
Mourners.
Family of the Deceased.
FOURTH DIVISION.
Col. Speed Butler, Marshal.
Aids — ^Major Robert Allen, Captain L. Rosette, and Captain Albert
WiUiams.
Marshals of Sections — ^William E. Bennett, Hany W. Ives, PhiUp C.
Latham, William V. Roll, K. H. Richardson,
J. E. WilUams, and J. D. Crabb.
CivU authorities of the United States according to their relative
dignities.
Foreign Ministers.
Civil authorities of the States and Territories, and of the District of
Columbia, iu the order stated, and according to
their dignity in said order.

LINOOLN MEMORIAL. 301
FIFTH DIVISION.
Hon. George Huntington, Marshal.
Aids— Iti. S. Babcock, George Shepherd, Charles Ridgley, George
Latham, Moses B. Condell.
Municipal authorities of the city of Springfield and other cities.
SIXTH DIVISION.
Hon. WiUiam H. Herndon, Marshal.
Aids— P. P. Enos, C. S. Zane, T. W. Dresser, M. D., John T. Jones,
WUUam G. Cochran, James Raybourne, Charles Vincent,
Edward Beach, John Peters, C. W. Rearden,
R. C. Huskey.
Marshals of Sections — Thomas Lyon, B. T. HUl, George Birge, Henry
Yeakel, Jacob Halfen,  Sweet, Dewitt C. Hartwell,
Hamilton Hovey, Frederick B. Smith.
Membefs ofthe Christian, Sanitary, and other kindred Commissions.
Delegations from Bodies PoUtic, Universities and CoUeges.
Clergy.
Members of the Legal Profession.
Members of the Medical Profession.
Representatives of the Press.
SEATENTH DIVISION.
Hon. Harmon G. Reynolds, Marshal.
Aids— Qeoige R. Teasdale, John A. Hughes, James Smith, P. Fitz
patrick, Henry Shuck, Thomas O'Conner.
Marshals of Sections. — Captain Charles Fisher, Frank W. Tracy, M.
Connor, Frederick Smith, M. Armstrong, Richard Young.
Free Masons.
Odd FeUows and other Fraternities.
Firemen.
EIGHTH DIVISION.
Hon. Johu W. Smith, Marshal.
Aids — Capt. Isaac Keye, S. H. Jones, Hou. John W. Priest, O. H. Abel,
Henry N. Alden, Wm. P. Crafton, G. A. Kimber, John W.
Poorman, Henry Ridgely, J. H. Crow, John W. Davis,
Presco Wright, N. V. Hunt, Geo. Dalby, Alfred
A. North, John S. Bradford,
Samuel P. Townsend.
Citizens at large.
Colored Persons.

302 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
On the 4th of May the crowds which fllled the streets of
Springfleld were greatly augmented by each train which
arrived on the several raUways. According to the adver
tised arrangements, heavy guns were flred, solemn dfrges
were played, and beUs were toUed. -AU places of business
were closed. The weather was propitious. At eight
o'clock a vast assemblage of people had coUected about
the State House grounds, and, whUe the funeral prepara
tions were being completed, a choir of 250 singers, grouped
on the Capitol steps, sang, with great sweetness and im
pressiveness, a hymn caUed " Peace, peace, troubled
soul." The singers were under the direction of Mr. Mess-
ner, of Springfleld, assisted by Mr. Palmer, of St, Louis,
WhUe the eight sergeants were carrying the coffin out on
thefr shoulders, they sang, after a prelude by the band,
Pleyl's beautiful hymn :
" Children of the Heavenly King,
As ye journey sweetly sing ;
Sing our Saviour's worthy praise.
Glorious in His works and ways."
The miUtary were draAvn up on Washington street,
north of the Capitol, and when the coffin was placed in
the hearse they marched east along the street, allowing it
to come in the rear. The procession was then formed in
the order which had been announced. The paU-bearers
were : Hon. Jesse K, Dubois, Hon, S, T, Logan, Hon. G,
P, Kcerner, James L. Lamb, Esq., Hon. S, H, Treat, Col,
John WUliams, Erastus Wright, Esq,, Hon, J, N. Brown,
Jacob Bunn, Esq., C, W, Matheny, Esq,, Elijah Des, Esq.,
Hon, J, T. Stuart,
At half-past eleven the cortege began to move, a band
playing at the moment of its departure " Lincoln's Funeral
March," Ou the route to the cemetery the bands played
the " Dead March in Saul," with solemn and mournful

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 303
eflfect. The route led by the former house of Mr. Lincoln,
on the corner of Eighth and Jefferson streets, and from
thence west to Fourth, and thence on Fourth to Oak
Eidge Cemetery, which is a raile and a half north of the
city, near the line of the Chicago and St, Louis Eaifroad.
But a smaU portion of the people who had assembled to
Avitness the ceremonies took position in the procession,
but hastened by shorter routes through its line to the
cemetery, which very appropriately takes its name frora
two high ridges, running east and west, covered princi
paUy Avith large oak trees. Between these is a valley about
seventy-flve feet in depth, winding with pleasing irregu
larity, and watered by a little brook of clear water. The
gate of the cemetery is at the head of this valley, and for
several rods it descends quite rapidly, though near the
tomb it is nearly level. The tomb stands ou the south
side in a little cove in the bank, where it is quite steep, so
that the roof of it is but a few feet in length. It is buUt
of Joliet Umestone, the architecture of the main arch
being rustic. The upper range of the arch projecting a few
inches from the main wall, is of rubbed stone, and rests
on Doric pilasters. The whole is about twelve feet high,
and ten Avide, The brick walls inside were covered with
evergreen ; and in the centre stood a foundation bearing
a marble slab, on which the coffin was deposited. The re
mains of " Little WiUie " were deposited in the same tomb.
The scene Avas most solemn, and, beyond the power of
language to express, impressive, when in the presence of
nearly all the citizens of the city which had so long been
the home of Mr. Lincoln, and of a vast throng assembled
from all the States of the Northwest, the imposing pro
cession entered the cemetery under an evergreen arch,
and filed toward the tomb to the music of dirges per
formed by many powerful bands.

304 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
Performing for the last time the melancholy service for
Tvhich they had been detaUed at Washington, the Vet
eran Eeserve Guiird stood round the hearse — and in the
immediate presence of the Guard of Honor, the Presi
dent's sons, Eobert and Thaddeus Lincoln, and other
relatives, and the family friends — bore the coffin into the
tomb. The religious exercises were then opened with
prayer by the Eev. A, Hale, after which the foUowing
dfrge, the words by L, M, Dawn, the music by Geo. F,
Eoot, was sung by the chofr, assisted by the band :
All our land is draped in mourning,
Hearts are bowed and strong men weep ;
For our loved, our noble leader.
Sleeps his last, his dreamless sleep —
Gone forever, faUen by a traitor's hand,
Though preserved his dearest treasure.
Our redeem'd, beloved land. Rest in peace.
Thro' our night of bloody struggle,
Ever dauntless, firm and true,
Bravely, gently forth he led us.
Till the mom burst on our view —
Till he saw the day of triumph,
Saw the field our heroes won,
Then his honored Ufe was ended,
Then his glorious work was done.
Rest iu peace.
When from mountain, hill and valley.
To their homes our brave boys come,
Wheu with welcome notes we greet them,
Song and cheer and pealing drum,
Wheu we miss our loved ones fallen.
When to weep we turn aside,
Theu for him our tears shall mingle —
He has suffered, he has died. Rest in peace.
Honored leader, long and fondly
Shall thy memory cherished be.
Hearts shall bless thee for their freedom.
Hearts unborn shall sigh for thee.
He who gave thee might aud wisdom
Gave thy spirit sweet repose.
Farewell, father, friend and guardian.
Rest forever, rest in peace. Rest in peace.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 305
Kev. N. W. Miner then read selections frora the first
chapter of John, and extracts from the writings of Paul.
This was followed by the choral " To Thee, O Lord," St.
Paul, as foUows :
To Thee, O Lord, I yield my spirit,
Who break'st in love this mortal chain ;
My Jife I but from thee inherit,
And death becomes my chiefest gain ;
In Thee I live, iu Thee I die.
Content, for Thon art ever nigh.
After this, Eev. N. C. Hubbard read the last inaugural
of Mr. Lincoln, which was foUowed by a dirge. The
music is from Otto, and familiar ; the words were com
posed by the artist, Mr, G. F, Wright :
AS WHEN THr CROSS WAS BLEEDING.
As when Thy cross was bleeding.
The earth is draped in gloom !
Our brows are bound in ashes.
Our hearts are in the tomb !
O, God, our sovereign Savior !
Thy saving grace reveal ;
0, stay Thy people's anguish.
And let Thy mfercy heal !
Bishop Simpson then arose to deliver his address. In
an instant every ear was strained to catch the accents of
a man who had been deemed worthy to flU so great an
honor.

BISHOP SIMPSON'S ORATION.
Fellow-citizens of Illinois, and of many parts of our entire
Union :
Near the capital of this large and growing State, in the
midst of this beautiful grove, and at the mouth of this
vault which has just received the remains of our fallen
chieftain, we gather to pay a teibute of respect and to

306 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
drop the tear of sorrow around the ashes of the mighty
dead. A little more than four years ago, from his plain and
quiet home in yonder city, he started, receiving the part
ing words ofthe concourse of friends who gathered around
him, and in the midst of the dropping of the gentle
shower, he told of the pangs of parting from the place
where his chUdren had been born and his horae had been
made pleasant by early recollections ; and as he left, he
made an earnest request in the hearing of sorae who are
present at this hour, that as he was about to enter upon
responsibiUties which he believed to be greater than any
which had fallen upon any man since the days of Wash
ington, the people would offer up prayers that God
would aid and sustain him in the work which they had
given him to do.
His company left your quiet city, but as it went snares
were in waiting for the Chief Magisteate, Scarcely did
he escape the dangers of the way or the hands of the as
sassin, as he neared Washington ; and I believe he escaped
only through the vigilance of officers and the prayers of
his people. So that the blow was suspended for more
than four years, which was at last permitted through the
providence of God to fall. How different the occasion
which Avitnessed his departure from that which witnessed
his return ! Doubtless he expected to visit you all again ;
doubtless you expected to take him by the hand, and to
feel the warm grasp which you had felt in other days,
and to see the tall form walking amongi you, which yon
had deUghted to honor in years past. But he was never
permitted to return until he came with lips mute and
sUent, the frame encoffined, aud a weeping nation follow
ing as his mourners. Such a scene as his return to you
was never witnessed among the events of history. There

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 307
have been great processions of mourners. There was one
for the Patriarch Jacob, which came up from Egypt, and
the Egyptians wondered at the evidences of reverence
and flUal affection which came up from the hearts of the
IsraeUtes, There was mourning when Moses feU upon the heights
of Pisgab, and was hid from huraan view. There have
been mourning in the kingdoms of the earth, when kings
and princes have fallen, but never was there in the his
tory of man such raourning as that which has accorapa
nied this funeral procession, and has gathered around the
mortal remains of him who was our loved one, and who
now sleepeth among us.
If we glance at the procession which followed him, we
see how the nation stood aghast, tears flUed the eyes of
many sun-burnt faces — steong men, as they clasj)ed the
hands of their friends, were unable to flnd vent for thefr
grief in words. Women and little children caught up the
tidings as they ran through the land, and were melted
into tears. The nation stood still. Men left their plows
in the fleld and asked what the end should be. The hum
of manufactories ceased, and the sound of the hammer
was not heard — busy merchants closed their doors, and
in the exchange gold passed no more frora hand to hand.
Though three weeks have passed, the nation has scarcely
breathed easUy yet, A mournful sUence is abroad upon
the land. Nor is this mourning confined to any one class
or to any district of country. Men of aU poUtical parties
and of aU religious creeds have united in paying this
mournful tribute. The Archbishop of the Eoman Catho
lic Church in New Tork and a Protestant minister walked
side by side in the sad procession, and a Jewish Eabbi
performed a part of the solemn services. Here are gath
ered around his tomb the representatives of the Army and

308 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
Navy, Senators, Judges, Governors, and officers of all
the branches of the Government.
But the great cause of this mourmng is to be found in
the man himself. Mr. Lincoln was no ordinary man.
And I believe the conviction has been growing on the
nation's mind, as it certainly has been on mine, especially
in the last years of his administration, that by the hand
of God he was especially singled out to guide our Govern
ment in these troubled times ; and it seems to me that
the hand of God may be traced in many of the events
connected with his history.
Here, too, are members of civic processions, with men
and women, from the humblest as weU as the highest oc
cupations. Here and there, too, are tears as sincere and
warm as any that drop, which come from the eyes of those
whose kindred and whose race have been freed from their
chains by hira whom they mourn as their deUverer.
Far more eyes have gazed upon the face of the departed
than ever looked upon the face of any other departed
man. More eyes have looked upon the procession for
sixteen hundred miles or more, by night and by day, by
sunlight, dawn, twilight and by torchlight, than ever
before watched the progress of a procession.
We ask, why this wonderful mourning — this great pro
cession'? I answer, flrst: A part of the interest has
arisen from the times in which we Ua^c and in which he
that has fallen was a principal actor. It is a principle of
our nature that feelings once excited pass readUy from
the object by which they are excited to some other object
which may for the time being take possession of the mind.
Another principle is, that the deepest affections of our
hearts gather around some human form, in which are in
carnated the livuig thoughts and ideas of the passing age.
If we look, then, at the times we see an age of excitement.

LINOOLN MEMORIAL. 309
For four years the popular heart has been stirred to its
utmost depths. War had come upon us, dividing fami
lies, separating nearest and dearest friends. A war, the
extent and magnitude of which no one could estimate ; a
war in which the blood of brethren was shed by a broth
er's hands, A caU was raade by this voice, now hushed,
and all over this land, frora hill and mountain, from
plain and prafrie, there sprang up hundreds of thousands
of bold hearts, ready to go forth and save our National
Union, This feeling of excitement was transferred next
into a feeling of deep grief, because of the danger in which
our countey was placed. Many said, is it possible to save
the nation'? Some in our own countey, and nearly all
the leading men in other countries, declared it to be im
possible to maintain the Union, and many an honest and
patriotic heart was deeply pained Avith apprehensions of
common ruin ; and many in grief and almost in despair
anxiously inqufred, what shall the end of these things be 1
In addition to this, wives had given thefr husbands,
mothers thefr sons — the pride and joy of their hearts.
They saw them put on the uniform. They saw them take
the martial step, and they teied to hide thefr deep feeling
of sadness. Many of these dear ones sleep upon the bat
tle-field never to return again, and there was mourning in
every mansion and every cabin in our broad land. Then
came a feeUng of deeper sadness as the story came of
prisoners tortured to death, or starved through the man
dates of those who are called the representatives of the
chivalry, or who claim to be the honorable ones of the
earth, and as we read the stories of frames attenuated
and reduced to mere skeletons, our grief turned partly
into horror, and partly into a cry for vengeance.
Then this feeling was changed to one of joy. There
came signs of the end of this rebellion. We followed

310 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
the career of our glorious Generals ; we saw our armies,
under the comraand of the brave officer who is guiding
this procession, climb up the heights of Lookout Moun
tain and drive the rebels from their strongholds. Another
brave General swept through Georgia, South and North
Carolina, and drove the combine armies of the rebels
before him, while the honored Lieutenant General held
Lee and his hosts in a death grasp. Then the tidings
came that Eichmond was evacuated and that Lee had
surrendered. The bells rang merrUy all over the land ;
booming of cannon was heard ; Uluminations and torch
light processions manifested the general joy, and famUies
were looking for the speedy return of their loved ones
from the flelds of battle. Just in the midst of this wild
est joy, in one hour, nay, in one raoment, the tidings
thrUled through our land that Abraham Lincoln, the best
of Presidents, had perished by the hand of an assassin !
and then all that feeling which had been gathering for
four years in forms of grief, horror and joy, turned in an
instant into one wail of woe — a sadness inexpressible, an
anguish unutterable.
But it is not the times merely which cause this mourn
ing. The mode of his death must be taken into account.
Had he died on a bed of Ulness, with kind friends around
him ; had the sweat of death been wiped from his brow
by gentle hands while he was yet conscious ; could he
have lived to speak words of affection to his stricken
widow, or words of counsel to us, like those we heard in
his parting address — that inaugural which shall now be
immortal — ^how it would have softened or assuaged some
thing of the grief There might at least have been prepara
tion for the event. But no moment of warning was given
to him or to us. He was steicken down, too, when his
hopes for the end of the rebeUion were bright, and the

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 311
prospects of a joyous life were before him. There was a
Cabinet meeting that day, said to have been the most
cheerful and happy of any held since the beginning of
the rebeUion,
After this raeeting he talked with his wife — spoke of
the four years of tempest — of the storm being over, and
of the fom' years of pleasure and joy now awaiting him,
as the weight of care and anguish would be taken from
his mind, and he could have happy days with his family
again. In the midst of these anticipations he left his
home never to return alive. The evening was Good
Friday — the saddest day in the whole calendar for the
Christian church — henceforth in this country to be made
sadder, if possible, by the memory of our nation's loss.
And so fiUed with grief was every Christian heart that
even aU the joyous thoughts of Easter Sunday failed to
remove the crushing sorrow under which the true wor
shippers bowed in the house of God,
But the great cause of this mourning is to be found in
the man himself, Mr, Lincoln was no ordinary man ; and
I believe the conviction has been growing on the nation's
mind, as it certainly has been on my own, especially in
the last years of his administration. By the hand of
God he was especiaUy singled out to guide our Govern
ment in these troublous times, and it seems to me that
the hand of God may be traced in many of the events
connected with his history.
First, then, I recognize this in his physical education,
which he received, and which prepared him for enduring
herculean labors. In the toUs of his boyhood and the
labors of his manhood, God was giving hira an fron
frame. Next to this was his identification with the heart
of the great people, understanding their feelings because
he was one of them, and connected with them in their

312 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
movements and life. His education was simple. A few
months spent in the school house gaA'e him the elements
of education. He read but few books, but mastered all.
He read Bunyon's PUgrim's Progress, Esop's Fables,
and the life of Washington, which were his favorites.
In these we recognize the woiks which gave the bias to
his character, and which partly moulded his style.
His early life, with its varied struggles, joined him in
dissolubly to the working masses, and no elevation in
society diminished his respect for the sons of toU. He
knew what it was to fell the tall trees of the forest, and
to stem the current of the broad Mississippi. His home
was in the growing West — the heart of the Eepublic —
and iuAdgorated by the winds that swept over its prafries,
he learned lessons of self-reliance that sustained him in
scenes of adversity.
His genius was soon recognized, as tme genius always
wUl be, and he was placed in the Legislature of his State,
Already acquainted with the principles of law, he de
voted his thoughts to matters of public interest, and
began to be looked upon as the " coming statesman."
As early as 1839 he presented resolutions in the Legisla
ture, asking for emancipation in the District of Colum
bia, whUe, with but rare exceptions, the whole popular
mind of his State was opposed to the measure. From
that hour he was a steady aud uniform friend of humanity,
and was preparing for the confiict of later years.
If you ask me on what mental characteristics his
greatness rested, I answer, on a quick and ready percep
tion of facts — on a memory unusuaUy tenacious and re
tentive, and on a logical turn of mind which foUowed
sternly and unwaveringly every link in the chain of
thought on any subject which he was called upon to in
vestigate. I think there have been minds more broad in

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 318
thefr character-, more comprehensive in thefr sweep ; but
I doubt whether there has been a mind Avhich could fol
low step by step with logical power the points which he
desfred to Ulusteate, He gained this power by the close
study of geometry, and by a determination to perceive
the tenth in all its relations and simplicity, and when
perceived to utter it. It is said of hira, that in chUdhood
when he had any difficulty in listening to a conversation
to ascertain what people meant, he retired to rest, he
could not sleep tUl he tried to understand the precise
point intended, aud when understood, to convey it in a
clearer manner to others. Who that has read his mes
sages faUs to perceive the dfrectness and the siraplicity
of his style ; and this very trait, which was scoffed at
and derided by opponents, is now recognized as one of
the strong points of that raighty mind, which has so
powerfully influenced the destiny of this nation, and
which shall, for ages to come, influence the destiny of
humanity. It was not, however, chiefly by his mental faculties that
he gained such conteol over mankind. His moral power
gave him pre-eminence. The convictions of men that
Abraham Lincoln was an honest man, led them to yield
to his guidance. As has been said of Cobden, whom he
greatly resembled, he made all men feel a kind of sense
of himself— a recognized individuality, a self-relying
power. They saw in him a man whom they believed
would do what was right, regardless of all consequences.
It was this moral feeling which gave him the greatest hold
upon the people, and made his utterances almost oracular.
When the nation was angered by the perfldy of foreign
nations in allowing privateers to be fitted out, he uttered
the significant expression, " one war at a time," and it
stiUed the national heart. When his own frienda were
14*

314 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
divided as to what steps should be taken as to slavery,
that simple utterance, " I will save the Union if I can
with slavery, but if not, slavery must perish, for the Union
must be saved," — that became the rallying Avord. Men
felt the struggle was for the Union, and all other ques
tions must be subsidiary.
But after all, by the acts of a man shall his fame be
perpetuated. Where are his acts 1 Much praise is due
to the men who aided him. He caUed able counseUors
around him, and able generals into the field, men who
have borne the sword as bravely as ever any human arm
has borne it. He had the aid of prayerful and thoughtful
men everywhere, but under his own guiding hands the
movements of our land have been conducted.
Turn towards the different departments. We had an
unorganized militia, a mere skeleton army, yet under his
care that army has been enlarged into a force, which for
skUl, intelligence, efficiency and bravery, surpasses any
which the world had ever seen. Before its veterans the
fame of even the renowned veterans of Napoleon shaU
pale ; and the mothers and sisters on these hUlsides, and
aU over the land, shaU take to their arms again braver
men than ever fought in European wars.
The reason is obvious. Mouey or a desire for fame
coUected those armies — or they were raUied to sustain
favorite thrones or dynasties. But the armies he called
into being fought for liberty, for the Union, and for the
right of self-government ; and many of thera feel that the
battles they won were for humanity everywhere, and for
aU time— for I believe that God has not suffered this
terrible rebellion to come upon our land merely for a
chastisement to us or a lesson to our age.
There are moments which involve in themselves eterni
ties. There are instants which seem to .contain germs

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, 315
which shall develop and bloom forever. Such a moment
came in the tide of time to our land when a question
must be settled, affecting all the powers of the earth.
The contest was for human freedom. Not for this repub
lic merely. Not for the Union simply, but to decide
whether the people, as a people, in their entire majesty,
were destined to be the government, or whether they
were to be subject to tyrants or aristocrats, or to class-
rule of any kind.
This is the great question for which we have been
flghting, and its decision is at hand, and the resulc of
this contest wiU affect the ages to come. If successful,
repubUcs AviU spread in spite of monarchs all over this
earth, [Exclamations of Araen ! Thank God !] I tum
from the army to the navy. What was it before the war
commenced ? Now we have our ships of war at home
and abroad, to guard privateers in foreign sympathizing
ports, and to care for every port of our own coast. They
have taken ports that military men said could not be
taken, and a brave admiral for the first tirae in the
world's history, lashed himself to the mast, there to
remain as long as he had a particle of skUl or strength
to watch over his ship while it engaged in the perilous
contest of taking the strong forts of the enemy.
Then again I turn to the Treasury Department. Where
should the money come from 1 Wise men predicted ruin,
but our national credit has been maintained, and our
currency is safer to-day than it ever was before. Not
only so, but through our national bonds, if properly used,
we shall have a permanent basis for currency, and an
investment so desirable for capitalists of other nations,
that under the law of trade, I believe the center of
exchange wiU be transferred from Euglaud to the United
States.

316 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
But the great act of the Mighty Chieftain, on which
his power shaU rest long after his frame shall moulder
away, is that of giAdng freedom to a race. We have aU
been taught to revere the sacred characters. We have
thought of Moses, of his power, and the prominence he
gave to the moral law, how it lasts and how his name
towers high among the naraes in Heaven, and how he
delivered those raUUons of his kindred out of bondage.
And yet we may assert that Abraham Lincoln, by his
proclamation, liberated more enslaved people than ever
Moses set free — and those not of his kindred. God has
seldom given such a power or such an opportunity to man.
When other events shall have been forgotten ; when this
world shall haA'e become a network of republics ; when
every throne shall be swept from the face of the earth ;
when literature shall enlighten all minds; when the
clairas of humanity shall be recognized CA'crywhere, this
act shall still be conspicuous on the pages of history.
And we are thankful that God gave to Abraham Lincoln
the decision and wisdom and grace to issue that proclar
mation, which stands high above all other papers which
have been penned by uninspired men.
Abrahara Lincoln was a good man. He was known as
an honest, temperate, forgiving man ; a just man, a man
of noble heart in every way. As to his religious experience
I cannot speak definitely, because I was not privileged to
know much of his private sentiments. My acquaintance
with him did not give me the opportunity to hear him
speak on those topics. This I know, however : he read
the Bible frequently — ^loved it for its great truths and
profound teachings, and he tried to be guided by its
precepts. He believed in Christ the Saviour of sinners,
and, I think, he was sincerely trying to bring his life
into harmony witl^ the great principles of revealed reUgion.

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 317
Certainly if there ever was a man who illustrated some
of the principles of pure religion, that man Avas our
departed President. Look over all his speeches, Usten
to his utterances ; he never spoke unkindly of any mau.
Even the rebels received no words of anger from him,
and the last days of his life iUustrated, in a remarkable
manner, his forgiving disposition, A dispatch was re
ceived that afternoon that Thompson and Tucker were
frying to escape through Maine, and it was proposed to
arrest them, Mr, Lincoln, howcA^er, preferred to let thera
quietly escape. He was seeking to save the very raen
who had been plotting his destruction, and this raorning
we read a proclaraation offering $25,000 for the arrest of
these men, as aiders and abettors of his assassination.
So that in his expfring acts he was saying. Father forgive
them, they know not what they do. As a ruler, I doubt
if any President has ever showed such trust in God, or
in public documents so frequently referred to Divine aid.
Often did he remark to friends and delegations that his
hope for our success rested in his conviction that God
would bless our efforts, because we were trying to do
right. To the address of a large religious body, he
replied, "Thanks be unto God, who in our national
trials, giveth us the Churches." To a rainister who said
"he hoped the Lord was on our side," he replied, " that
it gave him no concern whether the Lord was on our side
or not," for he added, " I know the Lord is always on the
side of right," and with deep feeling added, " But God is
my witness that it is my constant anxiety and prayer that
both myself and this nation should be on the Lord's
side," In his domestic life he was exceedingly kind and affec
tionate. He was a devoted husband and father. During
his Presidential term he lost his second son, WUlie. To

318 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
an officer of the army he said, not long since, "Do you
ever find yourself talking with the dead V and added :
" Since Willie's death I catch myself every day involun
tarily talking with him, as if he were with me." For his
widow, who is unable to be here, I need only invoke the
blessing of Almighty God that she be comforted and
sustained. For his son, who has witnessed the exercises
of this hour, all that I can desire is that the mantle of
his father may fall upon him, [Exclamations of "Amen."]
Let us pause a moment on the lesson of the hour before
we part. This man, though felled by an assassin, still
fell underthe permissive hand of God, He had some wise
purpose in allowing him to fall. What more could he
have desired of life for himself? Were not his honors
full 1 There was no office to which he could aspire ; the
popular heart clung around him as around no other man.
The nations of the world had learned to honor our Chief
Magistrate, If rumors of a desired alliance with England
be true. Napoleon trembled when he heard of the fall of
Eichmond, and asked what nation would join him to pro
tect him against our govemment. This had the guidance
of such a man. His fame was full — his work was done —
and he sealed his glory by being the nation's just martyr
for liberty.
He had a strange presentiment, in early political life,
that some day he would be President. You see it indi
cated in 1859, when of the slave power he said : " Broken
by it, I, too, may be ; bow to it, I never wUl. The prob
ability that we may fail in the struggle ought not to deter
us from the support of a cause which I deem to be just ;
it shall not deter me. If ever I feel the soul within me
elevate and expand to those dimensions not wholly un
worthy of its Almighty Architect, it is when I contem
plate the cause of my country, deserted by aU the world

LINCOLN MlilMORTAL. 319
besides, and I standing up boldly and alone, and hurling
defiance at her victorious oppressors. Here, without
contemplating consequences, before high Heaven, and in
the face of the world, I swear eternal fldelity to the just
cause, as I deem it, of the land of my life, my liberty,
and my love."
And yet he recently said to more than one, " I never
shall Uve out the four years of my term. When the re
bellion is crushed my work is done," So it was. He
lived to see the last battle fought and to dictate a dis
patch from the home of Jefferson Davis — lived till the
power of the rebellion was broken, and then, having done
the work for which God sent him, angels, I trust, were
sent to shield him from one moment of pain or suffering,
and to bear him from this world to that high and glorious
reahn were the patriot and good shall live forever. His
example teaches young men that every position of emi
nence is open before the diligent and worthy. To the
active men of the country his example urges to trust in
God and do right.
To the ambitious there is this fearful lesson : Of the
four candidates for Presidential honors in 1860, two of
them — Douglas and Lincoln, once competitors, but now
sleeping patriots — rest from their labors ; Bell perished
in poverty and misery, as a teaitor might perish ; and
Breckinridge is a frighted fugitive, with th-e brand of
traitor on his brow.
Standing, as we do to-day, by his coffin and his sepul-
cher, let us resolve to carry forward the work which he
so nobly begTin. Let us do right to all men. Let us vow
in the sight of Heaven to eradicate every vestige of hu
man Slavery, to give every human being his true position
before God and man, to crush every form of rebeUion,
and to stand by the flag which God has given us. How

320 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
joyful, that it floated over parts of every State before Mr,
Lincoln's career was ended ! How singular, that to the
fact of the assassin's heel being caught in the folds of
the flag we are probably indebted for his cajiture ! The
flag and the traitor must ever be enemies.
Traitors wUl probably suffer by the change of rulers,
for one of sterner mould, and one who himself has deeply
suffered from the rebellion now wields the sword of jus
tice. Our country, too, is stronger for the trial, A republic
was declared, by monarchists, too weak to endure a civil
war ; yet we have crushed the most gigantic rebellion in
history, and have grown in strength and population every
year of the struggle. We have passed through the or
deal of a popular election while swords and bayonets
were in the field, and have come out unharmed. And
now in our hour of excitement, with a large minority,
having proffered another man for President, the bullet of
the assassin has laid our President prostrate. Has there
been a mutiny 1 Has any rival proposed his claim 1 Out
of our army of near a mUlion, no officer or soldier uttered
one note of dissent, and in an hour or two after Mr,
Lincoln's death, another, by constitutional power, oc
cupied his chair. If the govemment raoved forward,
without one single jar, the world will learn that republics
are the strongest governments on earth.
And now, my friends, in the words of the departed,
"with malice towards none," free from all feeling of per
sonal vengeance, yet believing the sword must not be
borne in vain, let us go forward in our painful duty. Let
every man who Avas a Senator and Eepresentative in Con
gress, and who aided in beginning this rebellion, and
thus led to the slaughter of our sons and daughters, be
brought to speedy and to certain punishment. Let every

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 321
officer, educated at public expense, and who, having been
advanced to position has perjured himself, and has
turned his sword against the Adtals of his country, be
doomed to a felon's death. This, I believe, is the wUl of
the Araerican people. Men may attempt to compromise
and to restore these tiaitors and murderers to society
again, but the Araerican people wUl rise in their majesty
and sweep aU such comproraises and corapromisers away,
and shall declare that there shaU be no peace to rebels.
But to the deluded masses we shaU extend arms of
forgiveness. We avUI take them to our hearts. We will
walk Avittt thera side by side, as we go forward to work
out a glorious destiny. The time avUI come when in the
beautiful words of him whose lips are now forever seal
ed, "the mystic cords of memory which stretch from
every battle-fleld and from every patriot's grave, shaU
yield a sweeter rausic when touched by the angels of our
better nature."
At the conclusion of this oration, which had been heard
Arith devout attention and marked approval by the large
and most remarkable audience, the chofr chanted another
dirge, composed for the occasion, by Mr. Wright, and set
to the music of Storch :
OVTEK THE VALLEY THE ANGELS SMIL
Over the valley the angels smile.
Glory awaits him, they welcome so kindly;
Finished his labor, tho' ne'er so bUndly,
Perfidy vaunts the deed ofhis guUe.
Over the vaUey the angels smile,
Tho' we must grieve thee,
Our God will receive thee,
Blessing thy labor,
Our friend and our neighbor;
Crowning thee bright as the babe of the NUe.
The closing prayer was offered up by Dr. Harkey.
Next in continuation was the requiem, "Peace, troubled
15

322 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
soul," the benediction, by Dr. P. D. Gurley, the Presi
dent's former pastor, and last of all, a funeral hymn, com
posed by Dr. Gurley, for the occasion, and the doxology :
Rest, noble martyr ! rest in peace ;
Rest with the true and brave.
Who, like thee, feU in Freedom's cause.
The Nation's life to save.
Thy name shaU Uve while time endures,
And men shall say of thee,
"He saved his country from its foes.
And bade the slave be free."
These deeds shall be thy monument,
Better than brass or stone ;
They leave thy fame in glory's Ught,
Unrival'd and alone.
This consecrated spot shaU be
To Freedom ever dear ;
And Freedom's sons of every race
Shall weep and worship here.
O God ! before whom we, in tears.
Oar faUen Chief deplore.
Grant that the cause, for which he died,
May Uve forevermore. DOXOLOGY.
To Father, Son, and Holy Ghost,
The God whom we adore.
Be glory as it was, is now.
And shaU be evermore.
With this the exercises ended, the doors of the tomb
were closed, and slowly and thoughtfuUy the vast assem
blage wended their way homeward frora off the hUl-sides
and out of the valley where they had coUected, and the
dead was left alone.
During the hours in which the funeral cereraonies were
conducted, by order of the President, all public buUdings
at Washington were closed. The Courts also adjourned,
and aU the raunicipal offices were closed. Citizens closed
thefr stores, and half-hour guns were fired all the latter
part of the day, closing with a national salute at sunset.
At aU the Capitals of the loyal States and in many of

LINOOLN MEMORIAL. 323
the cities of the Union, official business was also sus
pended, and rainute guns and salutes were fired.
The correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial very
appropriately concluded his report of the ceremonies of
the day with the foUowing touching words :
" There in that little grass-grown valley, away from the
busy haunts of men, where the timid hare shall gambol,
the bfrds buUd their nests unscared, and the purling brook
shaU sing an eternal requiem — there let Abraham Lin
coln rest. WhM more fitting place would himself have
chosen Avherein to sleep his dreamless sleep'? Is that
common impulse of those whom the world calls not great
a mere superstition, which prompts them to bury thefr
loved ones in the quiet places of the earth •? It * * *
" There let him sleep in that lowly vaUey by the brook.
Not the garish light of cities nor the noise of teade is lit-
ting dweUer iu presence of his tomb ; let the oaks of the
forest and the ever-returning flowers be watchers by his
gra^ And there through the future years the g^-ateful
freedman shaU come to pay the offering of his broken
shackles, and there the humble and the toiling poor shaU
perform his rites of homage undisturbed, and shall hear
the kindly voice of Nature saying to him
' So shalt thou rest. And what if thou shalt faU
Unnoticed by the Uving, and no friend
Take note of thy departure ? AU that breathe
WiU share thy destiny ; the gay will laugh
AVhen thou art gone, the solemn brood of care
Plod on, and each one as before will chase
His favorite phantom. Yet all these shaU leave
Their mirth and their employments, and shaU come
And make their bed with thee.'
" Thus has the nation buried Abraham Lincoln with a
burial more Ulusteious than that of kings. When was it
ever permitted to croAvned rulers to receive such lavish

324 LINCOLN MEMORIAL,
teibutes of thefr people's love, as were paid to this citizen"?
For 1,500 mUes through mourning States has his sacred
dust been borne in more than a triumphal chariot, visited
by a miUion of citizens, who wept as they beheld him
And, yet not many raonths, are gone by since a time when
many even of Ms feUow-citizens would have destroyed his
life, and many raore, who do him reverence to-day, would
have spurned his person and teachings with contempt,
'For humanity sweeps onward ; where to-day the martyr stands.
On the morrow crouches Judas with the silver in his hands —
Far in front the cross stands ready, and the crackling fagots bum —
And the hooting mob of yesterday in silent awe return
To glean up the scattered ashes uto history's golden um.' "

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 325
THURSDAY, MAY 4th, 1865.
Memorable day — Thursday, May Fourth, Eighteen
Hundred and Sixty-Five : at his home, where the major
part of an active life, singularly pure, had been spent,
Abraham Lincoln was buried; Abrahara Lincoln, the
assassinated President, without a personal enemy — re
markably kind-hearted — of genial disposition, but brave
and solemn -minded — forbearing, because far-seeing —
uneducated in the raanagement of pubUc affairs, but suc
cessful because patient and honest, possessing native tact
and practical shrewdness.
Alone in history stand the journey of Abraham Lincoln,
President elect, from Springfleld to Washington, 1801 ;
and that of Abraham Lincoln, President assassinated,
from Washington to Springfleld, 1865.
What events crowd each other for revicAV in those in
tervening four years ! How the incidents of the two
journeys — their objects and their associations — contrast !
Twenty days after the terrible night on which the as
sassin's buUet destroyed the most precious life in the
American nation, the body which that great and good
Ufe animated, is deposited in the humble cemetery where
Ue the remains of neighbors, relatives, and personal
friends in private life ; and friends, neighbors, and rela
tives in public life, join the surviving of private life in
ceremonies which are the saddest that may ever be per
formed on the American soil.
What do those twenty days suggest ! twenty days of
National mourning ; twenty days with flags at half-mast ;
twenty days with embleras of sorrow on the peoples'
dweUings, with sable drapery and solemn mottoes on all
public buUdings; twenty day§ of such tokens of love,'

326 LINCOLN MEMORIAL.
such tributes of respect as never before were paid to
mortal man"?
Do not those twenty days suggest something more
solemn, more searching than tribute to personal worth,
or acknowledgment of public service, however dear that
worth-^however valuable that service 1
Those twenty days embody and will develop clear pur
pose — earnest determination — ^purpose and determination
born in sorrow — vowed in affliction, before which oppres
sion may tremble, and by which justice shall mle.
Wherever cannon announced to day that Abraham
Lincoln's grave was open at Springfleld — wherever
church bells tolled in harmony with the historic services
at that graA'C — in thousands of homes — in places of busi
ness, heads were bowed and hearts were sad as if it were
the grave of one by whose death an intimate famUy cfrcle
had been broken. Indeed it is scarcely a flgure of speech
to say, that by the open grave of Abraham Lincoln stood
this day the American people.
What a tribute ! How solemn ! A nation in habili
ments of mourning looking into the open grave of a
President — assassinated in the hour of jubilation over a
great victory for justice, because he was true to tiie whole
country — ^because he dfrected the crushing of an atrocious
rebelUon which the sum of viUainies had instigated.
Oh, People of the United States — Friends of Freedom
— Defenders of Eight — Protectors of InteUigence — ^Pro
moters of Morals and Eeligion — do not forget that open
grave, nor the unparalleled crime which caused it to be
dug. Never did any people possess holier ground on which
to register solemn pledges than that which surrounds the
grave of the martyr, Abraham Lincoln. Placing him
among the men whose lives have been sacriflced that the

LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 327
Nation might live, may not every tiue American citizen
repeat, and for himself adopt, aud, to this memorable day,
adapt those pregnant words spoken by Abraham Lincoln
iu the Soldiers' Cemetery at Gettysburg;!'
" We cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.
" The brave raen, Uving and dead, who struggled here
" have consecrated it far above our power to add or de-
" tract. " The world AviU Uttle note nor long remember what
" we say here ; but it can never forget what they did here.
" It is for us, the UAdug, rather to be dedicated here to
" the flnished work that they have thus so far nobly car-
" ried on,
" It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great
" task remaining before us, that from these honored dead
" we take increased devotion to that cause for which they
" here gave the last ftiU measure of devotion ; that we
" here highly resolve that the dead shall not have died in
" vain ; that the nation shall under God have a new birth
" of freedom, and that governments ofthe people, by the
" people and for the people, shall not perish from the
" earth,"

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LIBRARY

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Yale 1898