YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY PICTURESQUE VIEWS ON THE SOUTHERN COAST OF -ENGLAND, FROM DRAWINGS MADE PRINCIPALLY BY J. M. W. TURNER, R. A. AND ENGRAVED BY W. B. COOKE, GEORGE COOKE, AND OTHER EMINENT ENGRAVERS. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY JOHN AND ARTHUR ARCH, CORNHILL ; J , M. RICHARDSON, OPPOSITE THE ROYAL EXCHANGE ; RODWELL AND MARTIN, NEW BOND-STREET ; LLOYD AND SON, HARLEY-STREET ; AND W. B. COOKE, SOHO-SQUARE. Printed by W. Nicol, Shakspeare Press, Cleveland Row, MDCCCXXVI. CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. No. Names of Places. Whitstable Reculver, v Margate Ramsgate , Deal Walmer Castle, v. . .¦ , ClifFe, St. Margaret's Church, v. ... Dover, Castle St. Mary's Church, v from Shakspeare's Cliff . . . . . Shakspeare's Cliff, v Folkstone , v Hythe, v Ditto Saltwood Castle, v Rye Winchelsea, South Gate, v Hastings , Beach at, * Bexhill, Martello Tower, v Lewes Castle, * Brighthelmstone 1 Church, v ¦ with the Pier New Shoreham Church, v Worthing Point, v Bognor, v Portsmouth Isle of Wight, Bonchurch ' ¦ Beach at Ventnor, v. Undercliff . Blackgang Chine . . . -^ Carisbrook Castle . . i . . Ditto, .v »¦ i West Cowes Castle, v. Netley Abbey Southampton Hurst Castle, v Poole k Corfe Castle Lulworth Cove Cliffs, v ' Castle Counties Kent Ditto , Ditto , Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Sussex Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Hampshire . Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Dorsetshire . Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Painters. J. M. W. Turner, R. A. S. Owen J. M.W.Turner, R. A. Ditto Ditto W. Collins, R. A E. Blore S. Owen L. Clennell J. M. W. Turner, R. A. S. Owen J. M. W. Turner, R. A. L. Clennell Ditto J. M. W. Turner, R. A. L. Clennell J. M. W. Turner, R. A. , J. Hakewill W. Hawell L. Clennell J. M. W. Turner, R. A. J. Hakewill H. Edridge S. Owen , J. M. W. Turner, R. A. L. Clennell L. Francia , P. Dewint , J. M.W. Turner, R. A.. Jos. Cristall , P. Dewint Ditto Ditto W. Alexander L. Clennell P. Dewint W. Westall, A. R. A. Ditto S. Prout J. M.W.Turner, R. A. Ditto Ditto S. Prout J. M. W. Turner, R. A. . Engravers. i 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 n 12»3 J516'7 18 '9 20212223 24z5 26 27 28 29 30 3'32 33 34 3536 373839 404i 42 4344 J. Horsburgh. W. B. Cooke. Geo. Cooke. R. Wallis. W. Radclyffe. Geo. Cooke. Ditto. W. B. Cooke. Geo. Cooke. Ditto. W. B. Cooke. R. Wallis. W. B. Cooke. Ditto. Geo. Cooke. W. B. Cooke. E. Goodall. A. Freebairn. W. B. Cooke. Ditto. Ditto. A. Freebairn. Geo. Cooke. W. B. Cooke. Geo. Cooke. W. B. Cooke. Geo. Cooke. W. B. Cooke. W. Miller. W. B. Cooke. Ditto.Ditto. Geo. Cooke. W. B. Cooke. Ditto. Geo. Cooke. Ditto. W. B. Cooke. Ditto. Geo. Cooke. Ditto. W. B. Cooke. Geo. Cooke. Ditto. CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. No. 4S 46 4748 49 50 5i 52 53 54 55 565758 5960 616263 64 6566 676869 70 71727374 Names of Places. Weymouth Castle, v. Portland Isle, Bow and Arrow Castle. Bridport Lyme Salcomb, v Sidmouth, v Dawlish, v Teignmouth Torbay, from Brixham , Dartmouth Castle, v Dartmouth Mew Stone Hall Sands, v Plymouth, with Mount Batten Dock Mount Edgecomb Edystone Light-house, v. . Looe, East and West Fowey Harbour, Entrance. Falmouth Harbour Pendennis Castle St. Mawes St. Michael's Mount Loggan Stone, v Land's End Tintagel Castle. Boscastle Clovelly Bay . . . 75 • Ilfracomb 76 Comb Martin . . 77 Linmouth, v.... 78 Porlock, v 79 Minehead 80 Watchet Counties. Dorsetshire. Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Devonshire . . Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Cornwall .... Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Devonshire. . . Ditto Ditto Ditto SomersetshireDitto Ditto Painters. J. M. W. Turner, R. A S. Prout J. M. W. Turner, R.A.... Ditto Ditto W. Collins, R. A Ditto L. Clennell J.M.W.Turner,R.A Ditto S. Prout J. M. W. Turner, R. A Ditto W. Collins, R. A J.M.W. Turner, R. A.... Ditto Ditto S. Owen J.M. W. Turner, R. A.... Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto P. Dewint J. M. W. Turner, R. A. S.Owen J.M. W.Turner, R. A.... Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto W. Collins, R. A Ditto J. M. W. Turner, R, A. . . . Ditto Engravers. W. B. Cooke. Geo. Cooke. W. B. Cooke. Ditto.Ditto. E. Finden. W.B.Cooke. Geo. Cooke. Ditto. W. B Cooke. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto.Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. E. Goodall. W. B. Cooke. Ditto. Ditto.Ditto. Geo. Cooke. J. C. Allen. W. B. Cooke. Ditto. Geo. Cooke. W. B. Cooke. Geo. Cooke. E. Goodall. W. Miller. W.B.Cooke.W. Miller. W.B.Cooke. Ditto. Ditto, Geo. Cooke. v. signifies Vignette. 1 1 ;.;¦ I 1 '¦.¦¦¦ '/,;¦;"¦¦:;;¦ ..'Ait: lit WHITSTABLE, IN KENT. This town has little picturesque beauty in itself, being situated in a low marshy soil ; but has an agreeable appearance when approached from the sea. It consists principally of one long street thickly inhabited, and another near the church, which is a mile distant from the town. Some attempts have been made to render it a bathing-place ; but as the miasma from the marshes counteract the effects of the sea-breeze, it appears unlikely that invalids should be induced to reside there. The town of Whitstable was formerly notorious for smuggling ; and it was said of the more wealthy inhabitants, that their riches were gained on the water " between the lights." This nefarious trade has been of late nearly annihilated ; and the oyster fishery in the neighbourhood, together with extensive copperas works, will, it is hoped, provide this populous little town more permanent as well as more respectable support. The people employed in the oyster business are called dredgers, and there are between seventy and eighty vessels in their service. As Whitstable is the port for coals and merchandize sent from London to Canterbury, and corn, hops, &c. are exported hence, it is a lively, busy little place. In addition to the occupations already mentioned, there are salt works, and the remarkable one of fishing for stones used as cement : for this purpose the common dredging-net is used ; and the stone thus procured is burnt, pulverized, and then made into a proper consistency for the purpose of cement ; above thirty sail of fishing-smacks are employed for this purpose. At Pudding-pan rock, not far from Whitstable, near the mouth of the Thames, great quantities of earthenware have from time to time been cast up, which are believed by antiquaries to be of Roman manufacture, notwith standing a tradition in the neighbourhood, that a vessel freighted with such ware was cast away at this place. The church at Whitstable is very ancient, and several charitable institutions in the town are supported from sources which bespeak its antiquity ; but no circumstance belonging to its annals denotes any great change from its former condition. Whitstable is situated 6 miles N. of Canterbury, and 61 from London : it contains 275 houses, and 1611 inhabitants, including the hamlet of Harwich. Iteculvgr -¦' ¦ ¦ v - ^m^~^ ¦-. .-. ¦ -..' -^rie S(r& RECULVER. Reculver has been long known as a station of the Romans, by the name of Regulbium ; remarkable for the continual discovery of great quantities of coins, and fragments of Roman pottery. In later times, however, it has been more conspicuous from the encroachments of the sea ; which, having long since destroyed the town, threatens the very existence of the Church ; the spires of which form one of the most useful sea-marks of our coasts. A monastery was erected at Reculver as early as the year 669, by a nobleman of the court of Egbert, King of Kent. In 949, the abbot and black monks, origi nally placed here, were removed, and the foundation annexed, by a grant of King Eadred, to Christ Church, Canterbury. The Church however remained, as one of more than ordinary note, for a long time afterwards, and is stated to have been governed by a Dean as late as A. D. 1030. Whether the present Church was a part of the monastery, or only arose upon its site, cannot be settled at this time. A Saxon door-way, still remaining at the west end, proves it to be of high antiquity, and mention of the Church likewise occurs in Domesday Book. A wooden tablet placed against the wall commemorates it as the acknowledged place of interment of Ethelbert the First, of Kent ; and the annals of St. Augustine say, that the body of Ethelbert the Second was also interred here, A. D. 760. IK v> MARGATE. This much frequented Watering-place, lies on the north side of the Isle of Thanet on the North Foreland, and is a member of the Port and Town of Dover. Though raised within the last 40 or 50 years to its present importance, it may boast considerable antiquity as a fishing town, remarkable also for importing corn, and other produce. It is mentioned by Leland and others, from time to time, as a place suffering from distress and neglect ; and we find that in Elizabeth's reign, petitions were preferred for the restoration of its Pier, which had been supported by rates on merchandise, of which no due accounts had then been given for many years ; in consequence of which the town was injured, the pier decayed, and the community suffered. These evils appear to have been in some measure redressed by various acts passed for the purpose, but it was not until 1787, that Parliament essentially benefited this town, when the Pier was rebuilt, the Harbour extended, and complete security given to shipping. These improvements awoke a spirit of enterprize in the proprietors, which was soon increased by the imperial man dates of fashion, now first smiling on the long-neglected scene, and awakening energies more active in their operation, than those of any other legislator. The convenient distance of Margate from the metropolis, the fine level sandy shore which extends some miles beneath sheltering cliffs, and the prome nade afforded by the Pier, offer inducements to the gay, the ailing, the wealthy, and the idle inhabitants of London, which, since this period, have continued to pour down in great numbers. Few places in Europe can present a more singular mixture of society, a more concentrated amalgamation of different characters and discordant manners, than Margate ; but it is evident that all visitants contribute to the prosperity of the place, and bestow not only the means of splendour and elegance, but of those humbler comforts which gladden the hut of the fisherman and the cottage of the labourer. Margate is an extensive though scattered town, partly lying near the sea, and spreading thence into considerable elevations. It has an ancient and spa cious parish church. The houses are principally brick, and are handsome and convenient. Two fine squares, magnificent assembly rooms, a spacious theatre, and four places of worship for different sects, have been erected within a few years. An excellent sea-bathing infirmary, and two charity schools adorn the modern annals of Margate, in addition to its alms-houses founded in 1709. I HHH Sfiilti Mil ifflSili^^HnMnnmNS^HHBS ".¦¦.¦ ¦ •¦¦¦ H ^2 ^ RAMSGATE. Ramsgate, which is a Hamlet belonging to the parish of St. Lawrence, and within the Liberty of the Cinque Ports, is about 4 miles to the south of Mar gate, and is situated in a cove of the chalky cliffs which characterize this coast. It was in former times an obscure fishing village, but in 1688 it opened a successful trade with Russia and Germany, which afforded the means of considerable improvement ; but the modern practice of resorting to the sea coast for the purpose of bathing, &c. has principally contributed to raise this town to its present rank among places of this description. Ramsgate is built in the form of a cross, and contains many commodious and elegant houses, which are not only temporary residences for those who seek health or pleasure, but permanent habitations for genteel families. The Assembly* Billiard, and Reading-rooms, present the usual attractions ; to which must be added a magnificent prospect of the Ocean, with views of the French coast, the South Foreland cliffs, Deal, Sandwich, and East Kent. The Bathing-place at Ramsgate is well furnished with machines, and pos sesses the recommendation of a chalk bottom, covered with sand. The Church is a handsome structure, at some distance from the town. — The Harbour of Ramsgate is the most magnificent of the kind in the king dom, and the chief boast of the place ; it was begun in 1750, and is scarcely yet completed : the two principal piers extend about 800 feet into the sea before they form an angle, leaving an entrance of 200 feet, and are built of Portland and Purbeck stone ; they inclose the noble harbour, which is an in valuable asylum for vessels in the Channel during stormy weather. At the head of the west pier is a Light-house, which is an object of equal utility and beauty. Henry VIII. united this town to Sandwich, within whose jurisdiction it continues, the Mayor of that place appointing a deputy, who resides in Ramsgate. 5 ^ ^ s 1 DEAL, IN KENT. Near this town is supposed to be the spot where Caesar effected his landing in this country : he speaks of it by the name of Dola, and conveys an idea that it was then a place of some importance. It is a market-town and sea port, though it has no harbour; but between the shore and the Godwin Sands are the Downs, which are about eight miles in length, and in depth from eight to twelve fathoms, forming generally a secure road for ships, where they stop both outward or homeward bound, in order to communicate with the shore. Deal is not one of the Cinque Ports, but a member of Sandwich ; it stands close to the shore, and consists of three principal streets, parallel with the sea, and mostly on beach pebble ; and when the wind blows a storm towards the shore, the street next the sea, called Beach-street, seems fre quently threatened with destruction by its violence. The town has recently been much improved, with attention to the uniformity of new buildings : to the south of it is a castle, surrounded by a ditch, with a draw-bridge, &c. ; but the chief defence of this part of the coast, is by the batteries and martello towers constructed during the late war, which, from the eminences, command every access to the shore. There is a church and chapel of ease, a custom house and naval storehouse, also an extensive naval hospital and house of industry. The pilots of Deal are good seamen, and bold and active in affording assistance to vessels in distress. Cables, anchors, &c. are always ready for the supply of ships which may stand in need of them. A ridge of cliffs runs all the way from hence to Dover, which appears, when viewed from the sea, like a natural barrier to this favoured land. Deal is situated between the N. and S. Forelands, 18 miles distant from Canterbury, and 72 miles from London, and contains 1302 houses and 6811 inhabitants. Hcilished. December lfifiS4 '*.- J<£-..4.s£-rci. Ce-mhiH.ZBndim.. WALMER CASTLE, KENT. This Castle was built by King Henry VIII. for the defence of the Downs, and Walmer was united by him to the town and port of Sandwich, from which it* is about seven miles distant to the south. It is believed that Julius Caesar effected his first landing in Britain between Walmer Castle and Deal, a circumstance which awakens in the mind of the antiquary and historian recollections of the most interesting description, giving local im portance to every step of ground in the vicinity. The present inhabitants of Walmer are estimated at between 7 and 8 hundred. The manor was held many generations by the Crialls, but changed its master in the reign of Charles I. The living is valuable, and in the gift of the Archbishop of Canterbury. ¦ ? ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH AT CLIFFE, NEAR DOVER. This church is generally said to be of Norman origin, though it certainly appears in parts of it, to possess the features of a Saxon sera. The nave is divided from the aisles, by massive columns sustaining semicircular arches, one of which also separates the chancel from the body of the structure. The western entrance is ornamented with sculptured heads and other decorations. The tower was formerly decorated with turrets at the angles. One of them, how ever, fell about the year 1711, and, as it may be supposed, to remove all danger from similar accidents, those which remained have been since taken down. St. Margaret's Bay is exclusively frequented by fishing boats, and is protected by a small pier, erected in the time of Archbishop Morton. The manor-house of Cliffe, now the habitation of a farmer, was formerly the residence of the Gibbons, an ancient family, the ancestors of the Historian ; and, by the female line, of Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. HI "¦'' * » HO'l'lilil'llil!" ,<:* i !:,i , . I''.''1*;.*;: EN mum a DOVER CASTLE. The great antiquity of Dover, as a military post, is most authentically estab lished ; and our antiquaries seem to have little doubt of the site of the Castle having been a British hill fortress, previous to the invasion of Caasar, or the subsequent conquest of Britain by the Romans. Mr. King, in his Munimenta Antiqua, contends for the real existence of such a strong-hold, not merely from its situation on the summit of a cliff, more than three hundred feet in height, and the peculiar form of the. outlines still remaining, but also from the old tra dition, which says, that here Arviragus, the British chief, fortified himself, when he refused to pay the tribute imposed by Julius Caesar, and that here, afterwards, King Arthur held his court. Another traditionary opinion has assigned the foundation of this fortress to Caesar himself ; and Darell, in his History of Dover Castle, as well as other antiquarian writers, have appeared to encourage a notion, which derives, at least no authority from the operations of the Roman invader, as they are detailed in his Commentaries. That it was afterwards fortified by the Romans, may be reasonably presumed from the construction of the Pharos, which still remains on the upper part of the Castle Hill, and retains indubitable proofs of its being their work. Mr. King describes it with his usual ingenuity and accuracy in the following manner. " The component parts of this Pharos, by a strange coinci dence of circumstances, plainly shew its- age,, for it is, as almost all Roman buildings usually are, composed, indeed, of long thin irregular bricks; but, in the intermediate courses, as no quarries of stone were immediately at hand, both the facing, and a great part of the interior substance of the wall, was filled up, not, as might have been expected, with flints and chalk rubbish from the neighbouring country, but with a harder and more effectual lasting substance than chalk, though lighter, and fitter for carriage : — for it is filled up in a most unusual manner, with masses of hard stalactitical incrustations, cut into blocks of various dimensions, that could not well have been met with nearer than the more northern coasts on the east side of this island, where they abound in great numbers ; and which,' therefore, could not have been obtained by any Roman commander prior to the time of Agricola, who surrounded the whole island by a regular navigation for the first time ; and who might, therefore, most easily in his ships, convey, from the north to the south, these curious and desirable materials for the purpose of rearing this structure.5' The present height of the Pharos is about forty feet : but the upper part is of a more modern date ; most probably DOVER CASTLE. of the time of Sir Thomas Erpingham, who repaired it when Constable of Dover Castle, in the reign of Henry V.; his arms, being two bars and a canton, sculp tured on stone, were then placed on the north front. Adjoining this building are the ruins of an ancient church, generally said to have been built by King Lucius ; but they are certainly of a much later date, and must have been erected on the site of some structure of a similar character, if a Christian church had been actually founded here at such an early period. These remains, with the Pharos, and the foundation of a building supposed to have been a Roman bath, which have several times been laid open in digging graves near the west end of St. Mary's church, are all the vestiges of Roman occupation in this town. Dover is called Ad Portum Dubris, in the Itinerary of Antoninus ; and Lambard supposes its name to have been derived from the British Dwfyrrha, signifying a steep place ; and Camden agrees with him in this derivation. The Saxons called it Dor/a and Dqfris, which in the Domesday-book is softened into Dover e. — The Saxons, sensible of the advantage attached to this fortress, soon obtained possession of it ; and shortly after their conversion to Christianity, the ancient church is said to have been reconsecrated by St. Augustine, at the request of King Ethelbert. Widred, king of Kent, in the following century, extended the fortifications of the Castle, and strengthened it towards the sea. Edward the Confessor is also recorded to have erected additional works. William the Conqueror considered this fortress to be of the first importance ; insomuch, that he would not permit Earl Harold to quit the restraint in which he held him at Rouen, till he had bound him by an oath, to deliver to him, after Edward's death, the Castle of Dover with the well of water in it. After the battle of Hastings, he immediately hastened thither, and revenged the resistance he met with, slight as it was, by putting the governor, Stephen de Ashburnham, and his lieutenant, to death. It is not improbable, that in the exercise of bis resentment, he ordered the town to be burned j as the Domesday-book, speaking of Dover, " In ipso primo adventu ejus in Angliam fuit ipsa villa combusta." During several cen turies after the Conquest, Dover Castle was regarded as the key and barrier of the whole kingdom. Clavis et repagulum totius regni. Henry II. on his arrival from Normandy, rebuilt the Keep on the Norman plan, and greatly strengthened the Castle. Louis, the Dauphin of France, besieged it soon after his landing in England, to assist the discontented Barons, but without success ; which occa, signed his father, Philip Augustus, to swear by St. Jaques, that, though his son had obtained possession of most of the castles in the southern counties, without DOVER CASTLE. the acquisition of Dover, he had not gained a foot of land, in England. The same prince besieged it afterwards in the reign of Henry III. when it was nobly defended and preserved by Hubert de Burgh, who was rewarded for his services, among other honours, with a grant of the Castle and Port of Dover for life. Various alterations were made in this important fortress, and many of its parts strengthened by different sovereigns, till the time of the civil wars, when the Parliament forces obtained possession of it. Since that period it was suffered to decay, and no attention appears to have been paid to it, in a military point of view, till the year 1745, when barracks were erected there sufficiently capacious to contain a regiment of soldiers. It now, however, wears a very different appearance. The French revolution, and the threats which have issued from the successive French rulers to invade this country, called imperiously on the Government to attend to the defence of this coast. Of such a measure, Dover Castle formed a very material part, and it now exhibits a curious example of the ancient and modern systems of defence on the same spot. Dover Castle, in its present state, is an accumulation of every kind of fortification, which the art of war had contrived to render a situation impregnable ; but since the invention of artillery, it has lost that character, as the eminences to the N. W. by W. and S. W. are more elevated than the site of the Keep itself. The numerous buildings, of which it consists, occupy nearly the whole summit of the high eminence, which bounds the S. E. side of the deep valley in which Dover is built. The Castle consists of two courts, defended by deep and dry ditches. The lower court is surrounded, excepting the side next the sea, by an irregular wall, which is flanked at unequal distances by various towers of different shapes, and the workmanship of different ages. The upper court, like the lower one, is also surrounded by a wall and towers ; and near the centre stands the spacious Keep, erected in an early part of the reign of Henry III. It is still in fine preservation, and is employed as a magazine, the roof having been secured by a bomb-proof construction. The summit of this building is embattled, and at each angle is a turret : that to the north was occupied by Major General Roy, and the Members of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, when they estimated the distance between the Observatories of Greenwich and Paris. By their Memoir, it appears that this turret rises nearly ninety-two feet from the ground on which it stands ; and that the whole height above low-water mark, spring tide, was 465 feet and DOVER CASTLE. three quarters. From this turret is seen the point of the North Foreland beyond the Light-house, Ramsgate, Sandwich, Richborough Castle, Reculver and Minster churches, Dunkirk, Calais, the hills beyond the latter place and Boulogne, and Dungeness Point and Light-house. The new works, which within these few years have been erected for the defence of this fortress, consist of several batteries mounted with artillery, and accompanied with all the necessary magazines, military accommodations, &c. Near the edge of the cliff is a beautiful piece of brass ordnance, twenty-four feet in length, and called Queen Elizabeth's pocket pistol. It was cast at Utrecht in 1544, and was presented by the states of Holland to that Queen. The fortress occupies about thirty-five acres of ground. Dover was the first of the Cinque Ports incorporated by charter, which was granted by Edward I., who had a mint here ; and by letters patent in the twenty- seventh year of his reign, appointed the table of the Exchequer money to be held here and at Yarmouth. Its present civil constitution consists of a mayor, twelve jurats and thirty-six common councilmen, from the latter of whom the town clerk and chamberlain are annually chosen. The mayor is elected by the resident freemen, in St. Mary's Church, the place of election also of members of parliament. The ancient charter of Dover was surrendered to Charles II. ; and in August, 1684, a new one was granted, according to the general provisions of which, though the charter itself is lost, the town is now governed. — Of the two churches of this town, the principal one is dedicated to St. Mary. It is a spacious as well as curious structure, consisting of a nave and aisles, with a tower at the west end. Its length is about 120 feet, and its breadth 55. The west front is of Norman architecture, as are the three1 first arches, and their supporting columns on each side the nave. The two next arches on each side are elliptical, the span of the easternmost being very large: beyond them, on each -side, extending towards the altar, are two pointed arches of unequal dimensions: most of the columns are large and massive, and those of the Norman age have fluted capitals. St. James's church is an irregular structure, and *its interior displays also a Norman origin: a square tower rises at the west end of it. The ancient town of Dover was defended by a strong embattled wall, which included a space of about half a mile square, in which were ten gates, though not a trace of any of them now remains, except a part of CoW Gate. — Various circumstances lead to the conjecture, that the harbour was more inland towards the N. E. than it is at DOVER CASTLE. present. At what particular period the ancient haven became useless, is not known ; and it will be sufficient in this place to observe, that the harbour is now in a respectable condition ; the depth at spring tides is between fifteen and twenty feet, and at neap tides about fourteen. The Engraving represents the Castle as it is seen in a near view of it from the sea, with the range of cliffs to the South Foreland. The Pharos and ancient Church, in a state of ruin, are in this point of view situated apparently on the highest part of the cliff, the Church nearest the sea, with the Pharos adjoining it. The harbour and town form the lowest part of the picture. ill '~':r' ES 1 f ' jLIv Hi 'Hr Irl «: I mm,) 8igl# J?m&n.. .fJ,L,A^. fy t/rtf^^y M^l, ppi ss;*iibH™' ,w- i§ : ill® rig : 05 Ph - * ^ e DOVER, FROM SHAKSPEARE'S CLIFF. The importance of Dover, both as a fortress, and as the port most frequented by our continental neighbours in visiting England, and by the natives of this country upon leaving it for France, will justify the introduction of a second view of it in this work, taken from the interesting situation of the ascent of Shakspeare's Cliff, which commands a sight of Arch-cliff fort, the piers, the road and adjacent cliffs to the north, with that portion of the town that lies near the sea, and which has been greatly increased since the former view was taken. The harbour has been considerably improved of late years ; and it is in contemplation still further to improve it, by the erection of a chain pier, similar to that at Brighton. This town lies in a valley, on a small stream which falls into the harbour, and is surrounded by a semicircle of chalk hills : it consists of two parts ; the upper one of which is called the Town, and the other the Pier : it is furnished with an assembly-room, a theatre, and circulating libraries ; and on the beach are machines and waiting-rooms for the accommodation of bathers. For further particulars respecting this place, and an accurate account of the Castle, we may refer to the description accom panying the other view. Dover is situated 16 miles from Canterbury, and 71 E.S.E. from London ; it contains 1,846 houses and 10,327 inhabitants, and returns two members to Parliament. Drawn by S . Owen '^r^"J^J^ -« Engraved byWB Cooie -lo7tdon;I\tbl^h^dJimeji8j^bi/j:Murrai/AliemJ7-i6Stresl SHAKSPEARE CLIFF, DOVER. how fearful And dizzy 'tis to cast one's eyes so low ! The crows and choughs that wing the midway air, Show scarce so gross as beetles:— Half-way down Hangs one that gathers samphire ; dreadful trade ! Methinks he seems no bigger than his head. The fishermen that walk upon the beach Appear like mice, and yon tall anchoring bark, Diminish'd to her cock ; — her cock, a buoy Almost too small for sight. The murm'ring surge, That on the unnumber'd idle pebbles chafes, Cannotbe heard so high : I'll look no more, Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight Topple down headlong. m ¦A- r- 5N (•' ¦ FOLKSTONE, OR FOLKESTONE. This town, which is situated on the coast of Kent, about seven miles south west of Dover, is one of the Cinque Ports, and as such enjoys peculiar pri vileges. It is a corporation by prescription, and is governed by a Mayor, twelve Jurats, twenty-four Common-councilmen, Recorder, Chamberlain, Town-clerk, and other officers. It is principally built on the acclivity of a hill, the church occupying the highest point. The harbour is small, and preserved by jetties ; forming, with the addition of the vessels, a very pleasing picture, when viewed from the adjacent shore. The inhabitants are chiefly supported by the fishery and other marine employments. The market- house has been rebuilt at the expense of the Earl of Radnor, who derives his second title from this place. Folkestone appears to have possessed some degree of consideration in the time of the Romans, by whom it was named Lapis Populi. It was deno minated Folcestane by the Saxons, and is intitled Fulchestan in the Domesday book. " The towne shore," says Leland, " be al lykeliod, is mervelusly sore FOLKSTONE, OR FOLKESTONE. wasted with the violence of the se ; yn so much, that there they say that one paroche chyrch of our Lady, and another of St. Paule, is clene destroyed and etin by the se." This account agrees with the description of Domesday book, which represents Folkestone as containing five churches ; though four of them are said to have been destroyed by Earl Godwin in the reign of Edward the Confessor. Tanner is of opinion that the first nunnery known in England was established at Folkestone; and, according to Lambard, it was founded by Eadbald, the sixth king of Kent, at the request of Eanswide his daughter, who wished to devote herself to a religious life, it was built on the shore, and dedi cated to St. Peter ; but its situation appears to have been fatal to it, as, accord ing to different writers, it was either washed away by the sea, or destroyed by the invading Danes. After the Conquest it was restored by Nigell de Mune- ville, Lord of Folkestone, as a priory, or cell for monks of the Benedictine order, and rendered subordinate to the abbey of Lolley, in Normandy. On the suppression of alien priories, this at Folkestone was made denizen, and con tinued till the twenty-seventh of Henry VIII. when it was finally dissolved, its total annual revenues being estimated at £63. Os. 7d. At the time of the Domesday survey Folkestone was held by William de Archis, of the Bishop of Baieux ; but as early as 1095, it was the property of Nigell de Muneville, and accounted an honour. His daughter and sole sur viving heir was given in marriage, by Henry I. with the whole of her in heritance, to Ruallanus de Albrincis, or Avaranches, of whose barony it was afterwards considered as the head. After various successions it became vested in the family of the Bouveries, and the present owner is the Earl of Radnor. The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary and St. Eanswide, is built in the form of a cross, with a tower rising from the intersection, supported on very large piers, from which spring pointed arches with plain mouldings : the west end formerly extended to a greater length ; but part of it having been blown down in December 1705, it was contracted, though even then insufficient for the accommodation of the inhabitants. At a short distance from the church is a battery of four guns. The cliffs possess a very commanding view of the sea, with the heights of Boulogne and a range of the French coast. Folkestone gave birth to the celebrated Dr. William Harvey, April 2, 1578, and is proud of its offspring. That great physician, having passed through the grammar-school at Canterbury, proceeded to Gonville and Caius College, Cam bridge, where he studied physic about five years. He afterwards travelled FOLKSTONE, OR FOLKESTONE. through various parts of France and Germany to Padua in Italy, at that time the first school for the study of medicine in Europe. There he took the degree of Doc tor in that faculty, as he afterwards did at Cambridge. In 1607, he was admitted Fellow of the College of Physicians, and became an eminent practitioner. In 1615, he was appointed Anatomical Reader, when he first displayed his im mortal discovery of the circulation of the blood, of which he published an account, entitled " Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis." He became successively physician to James I. and Charles I. His attach ment to the royal cause procured him the office of Warden of Merton College, Oxford, in 1645, which he quitted on the final misfortunes of the King his mas ter, and settled in London. He was afterwards elected President of the College of Physicians, to which he had been a considerable benefactor, having added the Library and Museum, which still bear his name. He died in June, 1657, and, having no children, settled his paternal estate in Kent on the College, where a commemorative speech, called the Harveian Oration, is annually delivered. FOLKSTONE. Folkstone being the subject of another Plate in this Work, accompanied by a description, it may be sufficient to add, that the Town is situated 72 miles E. S. E. of London, and contains 869 houses, with 4232 inhabitants. The Harbour is but small ; though it was extended and improved under an Act of Parliament obtained in the year 1807 ; but for want of a stream of back water sufficiently powerful to carry off the sand which accumulates within, it affords at present an asylum for small vessels only. Folkstone has long been noted for the great number of fishing boats belonging to its Harbour, which are employed during the mackarel season, in procuring that useful fish for the London market. About Michaelmas, these barks with others, chiefly from Sussex, go away to the coast of Suffolk and Norfolk, to catch herrings for the merchants of Yarmouth and Leostoff. A carriage road has recently been made from the top of the cliff near the Church, down to the beach; and it is intended to erect a considerable number of houses on the site of the foreground of the present View, for the accommo dation of visitors, which the grand views of the cliff, extending as far as Dover on the one hand, and to Beachy-head on the other, with the pleasant rides and walks which the neighbourhood afford, may attract to this beautiful spot. 3 . •a. "5 S 3 1 3l ^ 1 IS R ¦¦¦i HYTHE. 1 he town and parish of Hythe, at this time, is within the liberty of the Cinque Ports, though it was anciently, with part of the parish of West Hythe, situated within a Hundred of its own name.* At the time of the Conqueror's survey, it appears to have been a place of very considerable consequence. It was then a borough appurtenant to the manor of Saltwood, and contained no less than two hundred and twenty-five burgesses. Between the borough and the manor, in the time of Edward the Confessor, it had been worth sixteen pounds ; but, in the Conqueror's time, the value had arisen to twenty-nine pounds, sixteen shillings, and four-pence. The lands were held of the Archbishop by knight's service, and were entered under the title of " Terra Militum Archiepiscopi."'t' Hythe and Saltwode had been given to the Church of Canterbury, in 1036, by an English chieftain of the name of Haldene.J * Hasted, Hist, of Kent, vol. iii. p. 411. % Mon. Angl. torn. i. p. 19. t Domesd. Survey, vol. i. fol. HYTHE. The manor of Saltwood and bailiwick of Hythe, are particularly mentioned in the complaints made by Archbishop Becket against King Henry the second, who had violated the privileges of the Church by seizing on them as escheats to the crown ; and it does not appear that they were restored to the See till the first year of King John.* From the best information that can be gathered, Hythe seems to have been made a Cinque Port by the Conqueror, on the decay and in the room of West Hythe, although it had before been accounted as within the liberty of the Ports, and had enjoyed the most extensive privileges. The Archbishops of Canterbury continued in possession of their manor of Saltwood, with Hythe, till the time of King Henry the eighth, and always appointed the bailiff, who acted jointly with the jurats and commonalty of the Town and Port ; the senior jurat always sitting as President. In the 31st year of that monarch, Archbishop Cranmer exchanged them with the King : and the bailiff was then appointed by the crown. In the 17th year of Queen Elizabeth, however, a particular charter of incorporation was granted to the Town and Port : and the style was altered to that of the Mayor, Jurats, and Common Council of the Town or Port of Hythe, under which government, the Bailiwick still continues. Hythe owed much of its former consequence to the vicissitudes of the sea, which, from the constant rolling of the sand, had nearly forsaken the Ports of West Hythe and Limne. The gradual filling of the havens on the Kentish coast, however, has since extended itself to Hythe. Leland notices the casting up of shingle. Since the time of Queen Elizabeth, the harbour has been entirely lost, and the beach is now nearly three-quarters of a mile from the Town. Jdfeland and Lambarde are at variance as to the time when pestilence and fire united their efforts to destroy the place. Leland says, that, in the time of Edward the Second, " there were burned by casualty, eighteen score houses " and mo, and strayt followed great pestilence, and thes& two things minished " the town." Lambarde seems to ascribe this event to the time of Henry the fourth, when, " besides the fury of the pestilence, which raged all over, there <( were, in one day, two hundred houses consumed by flame, and five of their " ships, with one hundred men drowned at the sea; by which hurt, the inha- * See the Decern Seriptores, col. 1384, and Hasted, vol. iii. p. 405. HYTHE. " bitants were so wounded, that they began to devise how they might abandon* j.2$j6 hy Z?ifurray .AtesmastU. .S'treer, SALTWOOD CASTLE. This ruin is situated about one mile north-west of the town of Hythe. Its ori ginal enclosure comprehended several acres of ground, and some traces of the ancient wall may be discovered almost to the bottom of the declivity on which the remaining towers are now seen. There is no small difference of opinion among the antiquarian writers respecting the time when this fortress is sup posed to have been erected. Doctor Gale attributes its origin to the Romans; and others have entertained similar notions; but on no better authority than the discovery of antiquities around it belonging to the period of their government in Britain. Grose, on examining these ruins, unreservedly declares that every stone of them was laid by the Normans ; but the opinion of this persevering- enquirer into the antiquities of his country has been controverted by others, who insist that the castle is in a style of architecture very different from that which was employed about the time of the Conquest. Domesday book seems to favour the latter conjecture, as it takes no notice of the castle, an irreconcileable omission if it then existed, when it mentions the church, and states the manor SALTWOOD CASTLE. to be in possession of Hugo de Montfort. It may be supposed therefore to have been erected at a subsequent date, and not improbably by de Montfort himself. But whatever doubts may perplex enquiry as to the precise sera of the foundation of this castle, it is altogether unquestionable that it was built previous to, or in the early part of, the reign of Henry H. as the conspirators against Becket's life made it the place of their rendezvous previous to the assassination of that prelate. Hasted, in his History of Kent, but on what authority does not appear, represents this castle as having been rebuilt by Henry De Essex, Baron of Ralegh, and standard-bearer to Henry II. in right of inhe ritance, holding it at the same time of the Archbishop of Canterbury ; but, having been vanquished in a legal combat, with Robert de Montfort, as is re lated by Philipott in his Villare Cantianum, De Essex retired to a cloister at Reading, and, assuming the monastic habit, his patrimony, and Saltwood, which was a part of it, became escheated to the king. By the crown it ap pears to have been retained till the reign of King John, who in his first year restored it to the See of Canterbury, to be held of him in capite, and it after- wraids became an occasional residence of the archbishops till the dissolution. Archbishop Courtenay, who was promoted to the See of Canterbury in the fifth year of Richard II. expended large sums on this castle, which he surrounded with a park, and made it the usual place of his residence. His arms still are seen over the principal entrance, and also impaled with those of the See of Canterbury. In the thirty-first of Henry VIII. Archbishop Cranmer exchanged this castle, park and manor with the king ; and in the first of Queen Mary they were finally granted by the crown to Edward Fynes, Lord Clinton. The manor and castle have since passed through various families, by purchase and otherwise, to William Deedes, Esq. of Sandling, who obtained it in exchange from Sir Brook Bridges, Bart, of Goodneston. The area of this castle is extensive, of an elliptical form, and encircled by walls rising above a deep and broad moat. The gateway, which formed the entrance into the first court, is now in ruins : several square and circular towers once strengthened the outer walls, but are now dilapidated. This estate being occupied as a farm, several barns and other agricultural buildings, which have been erected out of the ruins, find a commodious position in the court. The keep, or gatehouse, which is sup posed to have been in a great measure rebuilt by Archbishop Courtenay, has two lofty round towers flanking the entrance. The principal ornament is the Tudor j-ose, which was probably put up on some subsequent addition being made to SALTWOOD CASTLE. Courtenay's work. In each of these towers is an hexagonal chamber, and above them are others, some, of which are employed as lodging rooms for the farmer's men. The roof commands a very extensive view, comprehending the channel between the English and French coasts, with its interesting and various naviga tion, and bounded by the chalky cliffs of Boulogne. On the southern side of the area' are the ruins of other buildings, and, among them, those of the chapel, which has been an handsome structure, supposed to have been erected about the time of Henry III. ; the roof is entirely destroyed ; but the windows are described as exhibiting some singular peculiarities in their architecture. ¦s 6, RYE. This town is an appendage to Hastings, one of the Cinque Ports, and rests on the side of a hill, from which it enjoys a fine view of the sea. In the reign of Edward III. it was walled and fortified ; and a solitary tower, and some remains of the dilapidated walls, evince its former character ; but it is more remarkable for those changes it has experienced from the phoenomena of nature, than for the works of man. This town, and Winchelsea, the castle of which, with the embankment leading from one place to the other, are comprised in the present view, might justly adopt the lamentation of Old Elspeth, in the Antiquary, who said of her children, " that the earth, the fire, and the water, had alike devoured them." In the reign of Richard II. Rye was burnt by the French, who carried off much booty before they set it on fire, and destroyed " the fairest parish churche in Englande." After this, the sea forsook the coast, and the river Rother overflowed a portion of it ; and when re-built, it was again destroyed by the enemy in the reign of Henry VI. During a considerable period, its neighbour and rival obtained great com mercial advantages ; but becoming subject to still more severe inflictions of the same nature, Winchelsea sunk, and Rye revived ; and to this day the latter enjoys a population and commerce long denied to the once superior Winchelsea. There is a small settlement of French refugees at Rye, who have a minister of their own, who is supported by the Archbishop of Canterbury. They are for the most part fishermen. Rye is undoubtedly a town of great antiquity, as the Roman remains found in and about it evince, though few facts are recorded on the subject. Henry VII. and Queen Elizabeth visited this town ; and Charles II. viewed his own fleet and that of the French, both lying in the bay, from hence, about a hundred years afterwards. George I., and his suc cessor also, at a distant period were driven into Rye by stress of weather. This port was at an early period greatly approved as affording the shortest passage to Normandy ; but the harbour became in time so altered and choaked up, as to fall into total disuse, from which it was partially recovered by the effects of two successive tempests, which opened and restored it. ¦-Wfk SOUTH GATE, WINCHELSEA. This View represents one of the three Gates of the remarkable town of Winchelsea, in Sussex, which being nearly three miles from each other, serve as melancholy mementos of that commercial consequence, and extended population, which it once possessed. The present town of Winchelsea, one of the cinque-ports, was built by Edward I. in consequence of the former town of the same name having been abandoned by the sea, and is but a small place in comparison with what it formerly was, both in opulence and extent. The corporation consists of a mayor, and twelve jurats, but the body seldom exceeds four or five. It contains 153 houses, and 817 inhabitants, and returns two members to Parliament. It is situated 67 miles S. W. of London. 0 H ^ 2 HASTINGS. This town is situated upon the sea -coast, near the eastern extremity of the eounty of Sussex, at the distance of sixty-four miles from London: it is the chief of the Cinque Ports, and consequently partakes of all the privileges which belong to those ancient jurisdictions. On the authority of Camden, it derives its denomination from a Danish pirate of the name of Hasting, who erected a small fort on his landing here, in order to cover his men from attack and secure a safe retreat, after' he had pillaged the adjoining country ; and so remote is its antiquity, that it is said to have possessed a mint in the reign of King Athelstan. It is situated in a 'charming valley, surrounded on all sides, except to the north, with high hills and clifts. The entrance into the place from Fairlight Down, on the London road, exhibits a very striking scene. It opens on a smooth terrrace from the down ; from whence is an extensive prospect, comprehending Pevensey Bay, Beachy Head, Bourne hills, and a wide range of ocean. The valley of Hastings then unfolds itself to "the view ; and at the bottom of the hill a shady road leads into the town, consisting of two parallel streets of considerable length, in a nearly1 north and south direction, with an opening to the sea : these are inter sected by some smaller streets, intermixed with gardens, and a suburb stretches along the beach : a small stream of water, which is called the Bourne, runs through the^ town and empties itself in the sea. There 'are two parish churches, St. Clements, and All-Saints. They are very ancient structures ; but there are no records to gratify antiquarian curiosity, as to the period of their foundation. About thirty years ago they were consoli dated into One rectory. All-Saints, or the upper church, as it is generally denominated, is the larger and loftier building, but contains nothing worthy of particular remark. That of St. Clements displays, in a gilt frame, the bene factions of the Honourable Archibald Hutcheson, one of the Barons in Parlia ment, in the reign of Queen Anne ; a handsome monument to the memory of the late John Collier, Esq., of this town ; and a neat altar-piece by Mortimer, with various symbolical figures. The Town-hall was erected in 1700, with a market place beneath it. Within the hall is a shield, bearing the arms of France/which was brought from Quebec, after the taking of that place, and presented to the corporation by General Murray, who served with distinction in Canada under General Wolfe, and resided in this neighbourhood. Hastings had charters from Edward the Confessor, William the First and Second,Hehry the Second, Richard the First, Henry the Third, Edward the First and Charles the Second.. Its present charter was grauted by James the HASTINGS. Second ; by which it is incorporated under the style of the Mayor, Jurats, and Commonalty. Previous to the time of Queen Elizabeth, the chief magistrate was entitled bailiff. This town has sent members to Parliament since the reign of Edward III. It had a strong castle, now in ruins ; in which was a royal free-chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, which had a dean and several canons or prebendaries, with a revenue valued at the dissolution at £61.. 13.. 5. per annum. Here was also a priory of black canons as early as the reign of Richard the First, founded by Sir Walter Bricet, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity ; but was afterwards destroyed by an inundation of the sea. The Castle was situated on a hill to the westward of the town. The remains of this large and ancient structure approach, in shape, two sides of an oblique spherical triangle, with the points rounded off. The base, or south side, com pleting the triangle, is formed by a perpendicular craggy cliff, about four hun dred feet in length, whose inaccessible height rendered any attack fruitless on the side of the sea. The east side is formed by a plain wall, of three hundred feet in length, without tower or defence of any kind : the side facing the north west is about four hundred feet, and the whole enclosed area contains about an acre and a quarter. The walls are in no part entire, but in some places are eight feet thick. The gateway was on the north side, near the northern angle, but has been long since demolished. Near it, to the west, are the remains of a small tower enclosing a circular flight of stairs : on the same side is a sally port, and the ruins of a square tower. Within the sally port is the appearance of an entrance to a vault by steps, which are now covered with rubbish ; and behind the East wall is a dry ditch about sixty feet in depth, and an hundred feet broad at the top. When this fortress was erected, has not been determined by any of our antiquarian writers ; but, from the commanding situation of the height on which its remains are now mouldering by the hand of time, it maybe reasonably supposed to have been a fortification of more or less strength in very early times, and long before the invasion of the Normans ; a conjecture which receives no small support from a passage in the chronicles of Dover monastery, printed in Leland's Collectanea, which states, that when Arviragus threw off the Roman yoke, he fortified those places which were most convenient for their invasion ; such as Richborough, Walmore, Dover, and Hastings. Ecclesiastical history seems to have been more attentive to this Castle, than our military annals. It was remarkable for its free royal chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, which was splendidly endowed ; and is frequently mentioned in the records of HASTINGS. times previous to the dissolution of the monasteries in the reign of Henry the Eighth, and whose fate was shared by this religious establishment. The disputes which successively took place between the Dean and Prebendaries, and the Bishop of Chichester, in whose jurisdiction the Castle stood, relative to the exemptions which the chapel claimed from the power of that episcopal see, fre quently appear in ecclesiastical records, and were sometimes carried to such an height, that the power of the crown was necessarily employed to compose the differences between them. The harbour of Hastings was once of considerable extent, at which time the town was obliged to furnish the King with twenty ships when required for any naval expedition ; but about the commencement of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the pier was destroyed by a storm, and since that period it is only capable of receiving the smaller class of vessels. Large pieces of timber, the remains of the pier, are still visible at low water. The trade of this town was formerly very considerable, and extended up the Straits. The fishery also was then more extensive than it is in the present day, especially for herrings, of which great quantities were dried and exported, The London markets, however, and the surrounding country, are constantly supplied with these and other fish in their respective seasons. The herring fishery commences about the beginning of November, and generally concludes in the middle of December : the trawl fishing then succeeds, which compre hends soles, plaice, skate, thornbacks, maids, and turbot. The month of May is the period for taking mackrel ; and, during the autumn, whiting are taken in great abundance. Hastings is so familiar to every one acquainted with the history of England, as the scene of that important battle which terminated in subjecting the dominion of England to William the First, commonly called the Conqueror, that some notice of that well-fought field, seems to be requisite in any account offered to the public attention, of a place signalized by such a contest. William, when he had landed his army at Hastings, did not at first appear as the invader of an hostile country, but rather as if he was encamping in his own. He was, however, soon roused from his inactivity by the approach of Harold, who returned from the defeat of the Norwegians with all the forces which he had employed in that expedition, and all he could invite or collect in the country through which he passed. These were brave, active, and, in general, well disciplined troops> strongly attached to their king, and eager to engage. HASTINGS. The army of William, on the other hand, consisted of the flower of all the conti nent : men of Bretagne, Bologne, Flanders, Brabant, Poictu, Maine, Orleans, France, and Normandy, were united under his command. He had long been familiar with- conquest, and his troops had a perfect reliance on his courage and great military talents. England had never before, nor has it since, seen two such armies drawn up, in array, to contend for its crown. The day before the battle, William sent an offer to Harold to decide the quarrel between them by single combat, in order to spare the effusion of human blood. To this challenge Harold returned a refusal, accompanied with a declaration that he would leave the issue of the contest to the God of Battle. Both armies therefore that night encamped in sight of each other, expecting the event of the succeeding day. The English passed the interval in joyous festivity, and the Normans in prayer and devotion. The next morning at seven both armies appeared ready to engage. Harold appeared leading on th° centre of the English army on foot, that his soldiers might be encouraged by seeing their king exposed to equal danger with themselves. William was on horseback, and commanded the body of reserve. The Normans commenced the engagement with their cross-bows, which, from the compact state of the English ranks, did bloody execution ; but when the latter closed with the enemy, they employed with equal effect, the sharp hooked bills which were among their weapons, and the Normans were hewn down in great numbers. William, in his various assaults, had three horses killed under him ; and such was the obstinacy of the contest, that victory seemed doubtful to the moment, when Harold, in the hurry of a furious onset, received a wound in his brain, and fell. The courage of the English expired with their brave but unfortunate leader ; and thus the crown of England was on the 14th of October, 1066, acquired by the Conqueror. Hastings, as a public watering place, has many attractive advantages. The sea-bathing is, in a high degree, commodious; and, in addition to the usual amusements attached to places of summer resort, its situation is replete with beauty; the rides are various and delightful; and the walks offer extensive views or shady seclusion. Hastings, indeed, may boast the charm of uniting social and elegant pleasure with rural tranquillity. A very adequate idea of its position may here, it is presumed, be formed from the engraving, which com prehends a view of it, taken from a sandy rock, which has been fancifully arched into cavities, as sheltering places for cattle. On the Priory ground, as it is called, are two rope- walks, from an hundred HASTINGS. and twenty to an hundred and fifty fathoms in length, and running parallel with the shore, a little above high-water mark. On this spot also is a ship-yard, where small vessels of war have been launched. A great number of fishing- boats, long boats, are built in this town. Indeed, the boat builders of Hastings have acquired a superior character for the admirable construction of their vessels of different denominations. The view which the vignette below displays, is a very striking feature of this very interesting part of the coast. '¦<**w : The Beach, a l Hastings . looking- Fast? I. ¦id^r.ruhL'Kdb'J JJfhi r.u; M<»t 7 '/ ¦/ ^aS^ lililpkps^i^ Engraved "by WB Coole.ty j ermiTsi on of JM.TKTimer.RA .from lis Work of Liter Studibnrm. Lond^nJ'u2:li]Ti£d by JaluhMu/Taif. Albemarle Street. JLjv i.ifiy . MARTELLO TOWER, AT BEX HILL. This military structure is situated between Hastings and Pevensey, and is one of those defensive erections, which, with the military canal, were established during the late war, to guard against invasion from the opposite coast of France. A long range of these Martello Towers has been erected on the sea beach between Eastbourne and Dover. They are placed at irregular distances, but generally within about half or three quarters of a mile of each other. Their form is circular, the walls being of great thickness, and the roofs bomb-proof. Two or more guns are mounted upon each on a revolving frame, by which they may be pointed in every direction, while a high parapet completely secures the artillery-men from danger. The entrance into each is a narrow opening, at a considerable height from the ground, by the assistance of a ladder, which is afterwards drawn up, and the aperture effectually closed from within. The lower part contains the ammunition and provisions, which are lodged in apart ments that are equally bomb-proof with the roof. The great object of these towers is to enable a small number of men to defend them, for a considerable length of time, against any force of the enemy. ...:'":i!^.A» ..¦¦...:;, NHi . . »» few* MS? sil ;'iVt- SB!!; ,< ' * ' ' « ' S^SSSSfe? LEWES CASTLE. Few places can boast a greater variety of romantic scenery, and of bold and widely extended views, than the vicinity of the ancient town of Lewes. The Castle has been many years reduced to mere ruins, but the site possesses great attraction, and vies in beauty with those seats in the neighbourhood, long held in the families of the Pelham's, Gage's, and Shelley's. The town of Lewes is of great antiquity, as the Saxon King Athelstane appointed two mint houses there, and in the time of Edward the Confessor it had 227 burgesses. A bloody battle was fought near the town wherein Henry III. was defeated, and taken prisoner by his Barons, headed by Simon de Montfort, who afterwards entered the town and plundered it. The South Downs are in the immediate vicinity, which abounds in game, and all the necessaries of life, and few places combine at a small expence so many comforts and pleasures as Lewes. Drawn "bv H Edri de •¦ EngTAved "by George Cooke'. THE BJi'', AC n AT BKILGHTOIY, A'/tr.y.VJh'A'. London ftihhshed by John ?i{ti mi v .Albemarle Sftret . Vv,-'i i3ij BRIGHTHELMSTON, Which is now, by the imperious command of fashion, contracted into the title of Brighton, is a town on the coast of Sussex, at the bottom of a bay formed by Beachy Head and Worthing Point. Its travelling distance from London varies, according to the different routes : by Lewes and East Grin- stead it is fifty-eight, by Horsham fifty-seven, and by Cuckfield and Reigate fifty-four miles. Till Within the last sixty or seventy years, it was a place of so little consequence, as scarcely to be known but in its immediate neighbourhood and by the navigators of the coast. Dr. Campbell, in his work, intitled " Bri tannia Elucidata," which was written before the middle of the last century, though published at a later period, notices it merely as a place inhabited by fishermen, who gained a livelihood by supplying the neighbouring country with the produce of their labour. Some notice was also attached to it from its having been guarded by a fort, on account of the facility it offered to the land ing an hostile force in time of war. In the reign of Henry VIII., a blockhouse was erected to the south of the east cliff, which commanded the roads to the east and west, and the sweep of that part of the channel. A strong wall com posed of flints, extended to some distance on the right and left of the fort. In the time of Queen Elizabeth, when the country was threatened by the Spanish Armada, it received additional strength; but scarcely any vestiges now remain of this fortification. — The name of the place is supposed to have been derived from Brighthelm, a Saxon bishop, who during the Heptarchy is said to have resided on this part of the coast ; but on what authority the derivation is founded, the writers who have propagated the opinion do not appear to have been informed. The town is built on an easy ascent, rising from the south-east, while it is protected by the Downs, which are seen in an expanded elevation behind it, to the east, west, and north. The range of hills, so denominated, displays a large extent of bold, undulating surface, whose interchange of hill and dale, with their irregular swells and hollows, and ever playful effects of light and shadow, affords an amenity of scenery, that makes the beholder almost forget the want of wood, which has been considered as a defect in the environs of Brighton. The grass of these downs is remarkably fine and sweet, so that the mutton which it feeds is generally esteemed for its superior flavour. The place, however, now assumed a new character, on its becoming the chosen* residence of Doctor Russel, who built an house on the beach, which still retains his name : nor was it long before it gave the promise of rising into BRIGHTHELMSTON. that celebrity which it has since attained. He was a physician of acknow ledged eminence, and had directed his great professional sagacity to a more minute examination, than had hitherto been given by medical men, to the properties of sea water, as an efficacious remedy in certain diseases to which the human frame is incident. His work on this subject attracted general notice ; and patients repaired to the spot where he resided, for the advantages to be derived from his personal advice and regulation. His character and successful practice encreased the resort of the sick, and that of the healthy soon followed : the vicinity to London, and other concurring circumstances, have since contri buted to raise it into the most fashionable bathing-place in the kingdom, and to render it the residence of Royalty. Brighton has since continued to increase with a regular rapidity ; so that from being little more than a fishing village, it now contains upwards of two thou sand houses, and about twelve thousand settled inhabitants. In the month of August, that number is generally supposed to be doubled by the accession of visitors. — The Steyne, a fine lawn towards the east end of the town,, is the principal promenade of the company, and the houses which surround it are of commodious construction and handsome appearance. The south end of this public walk is, in some measure, open to the sea, and near the north-west angle is the Marine Pavillion, which was erected for the Prince of Wales in 1784, and has since been enlarged and embellished in a manner suited to the charac ter of a royal residence. The front of the building extends about two hundred feet, commanding the Steyne, and a view of the sea. The centre of the edifice is circular crowned with a dome and supported by columns, with a regular elevation on either side. — The Entrance Hall, which is a square of thirty-five feet and twenty feet in height, is fitted up in the Chinese style. A light gallery with an awnino- crosses it, beneath which are Mandarine figures of a large size, each of which holds a glass lantern of various tints. The Anti-room has a scarlet ground, and displays, with superior effect, the Chinese paintings, which are the princi pal decorations. The Drawing-room exhibits, on a fond of yellow, paintings of a similar description, with every suitable decoration. — This communicates with a small room, twelve feet long and eight wide, which is entirely formed of stained glass, and has the appearance of a superb Chinese lantern: when illuminated on the exterior a most brilliant effect is produced. The last apartment on the south side of the building is the Conservatory ; but used as BRIGHTHELMSTON. a Music Room. It is fifty-three feet long, thirty feet wide/and twenty feet high. The roof is painted in imitation of the tea and rose wood, and is supported by twenty columns of a scarlet colour, with dragons twisting round them. It is hung with a splendid Chinese paper. The Saloon is an oblong room of fifty-five feet, whose cornice, frieze and architrave are scarlet, blue and yellow, before which a yellow silk net is suspended with tassels. It is enlightened by lanterns of a large size and several small ones with patent burners: the decorations are in all the variety of Chinese ornaments; and it is pannelled with blue paper, en livened with white and silver ornaments, interspersed with birds of the richest plumage. The Egyptian Gallery is fifty-six feet in length and twenty in breadth, fitted up with an historical paper. The Banqueting Room is the last apartment to the north, and of the same dimensions as the conservatory. — Such is the disposition of the principal apartments in this superb, elegant, and costly mansion ; and the whole of the furniture and decorations are in the first stile of fanciful taste and curious magnificence. An enclosed lawn with a shrubbery fronts the Steyne. The west front opens into the pleasure grounds, and forms a square with a colonnade in the centre, in which is the grand enr trance. — To the north-west of the pleasure grounds is a superb building, in the oriental taste, containing the Royal stables. The exterior form is taken from one of the India views, Mucdoom Shah Doulah's mausoleum, on the river Soane. The circular part is calculated to afford standing for forty-eight horses, which are in enclosed spaces round the circle, each enclosure containing, alternately, four and eight stalls. Above is a gallery looking inwards, and rooms for the stable people lighted from the exterior. The circle itself derives its light from an immense dome, formed of alternate spaces of glass and lead. Beyond it is a court- yard with coach-houses and stabling .for the carriage horses. On the left is a riding-house, and on the right a tennis-court is projected. — Grove House, formerly the residence of the Duke of Marlborough has been recently added to the Pavilion, and a large dining-room is now forming. The whole of the garden in front of this house is added to the Royal enclosure. There are other private houses of persons of rank and fortune, which give beauty and splendor to the place ; besides the handsome ranges of buildings for the reception of the visitors of the season. To these may be added every kind ©f edifice, which fashionable pleasure may require for its accommodation and amusement, or health demand for its comfort and restoration. The Theatre is an elegant and commodious structure. The Castle Tavern is an house of BRIGHTHELMSTON. entertainment of the first order. The ball-room, with its accessary apartments, is in an elegant stile of arrangement and decoration. The Old Ship, is at least its rival in the general assemblage of its public apartments and private accom modations. In its fine ball-room is the Portrait of Dr. Russel, who has already been mentioned as having contributed so much to the establishment of Brighton as a place of public resort. The town is governed by a constable and eight headboroughs, who are annu ally chosen at the court leet of Lord Abergavenny, every Easter Tuesday. It is not incorporated, but a power is vested by Act of Parliament in sixty-four of the inhabitants, who are denominated commissioners, to cleanse, light, and re pair the streets, remove nuisances, and watch over the good order and improve ment of the place. There are two barracks in the town, the one capable of accommodating three hundred and twenty men, the other an hundred and thirty-two. On the western side is a battery, consisting of six heavy pieces of ordnance. Formerly there was one on the eastern side, but its situation becoming insecure it was removed. The southern part of the town is protected against the boisterous assaults of the sea by groynes or jetties, which extend from the cliffs southward, to a certain distance in the water. Their construction is of the greatest utility, and, b$ resisting the progress of the loose beach or shingle which finds its way hither from the westward, presents a sufficient impediment to the water, which would otherwise wash and might undermine the cliff in the front of the town. Several of these jetties have been erected between the Steyne and the Crescent, whose effects are obviously beneficial. As the sea is too shallow to admit of vessels of considerable burthen, even if there were an harbour, this place has no foreign trade, and but a small por tion of coasting traffic. Fish is the staple article of this town, and consequently, fishing the principal occupation of those who may be considered as the original inhabitants. About an hundred boats, each requiring three men, are employed in it, and the London market receives constant supplies from the laborious occupation of the fishermen of Brighton. The parish is in the hundred of Whalesbone and the rape of Lewes. — The church, which is dedicated to St. Nicholas, is on a rising ground to the north-west of the town, with a square tower. It is an old and spacious structure, with little peculiarity to attract the antiquary except the font, which is a curious example BRIGHTHELMSTON. of the sculpture of our early ages : for though traditional story states that it was brought from Normandy in the time of William I., the more probable and judi cious opinion prevails, that it is of Saxon workmanship. — It is to be lamented that its relief, which represents the Last Supper, has been so much defaced. — This church is supposed to have been erected in the reign of Henry VII. ; but there are no existing records to ascertain the date with historical accuracy. To the left of the chancel door is a monumental slab of black marble, that must in terest every reader who peruses the inscription which informs him, that it covers the remains of Captain Nicholas Tettersell, who loyally and faithfully contrived the escape of Charles II. , in a small vessel from this place to the coast of France, after the many perils he had encountered, subsequent to the battle of Worcester. The Plate represents a view taken near the Steyne, comprehending one of the principal groynes, with the fish-market, baths, &c. — And the Vignette, below, includes the church and town, with the coast stretching on to Rottingdean. Drawn \y J.M.W.Turner.U.A. EnCraTeilDy GeoTd'e Cooke 1^~5 RIGHTHE1MSTON, Zc,n.doTi.Rcbli.sbea, by J-^^i^rdb. CornbiZZ. Septem-Zer lfl32S. BRIGHTHELMSTON. This well known and fashionable Watering place, has already formed the subject of a Plate and a Vignette in this work, accompanied by so full an account of its history, rise, remarkable buildings, and especially the Royal Pavilion, as to render it unnecessary to offer any other description of them. We therefore now confine ourselves to that which is become the most attrac tive object in Brighton, and constitutes the most striking feature in the view before us, the New Chain Pier, or Suspension Bridge. This splendid and useful work is constructed on the Marine Parade, and connected with an esplanade 1250 feet in length, and 33 feet in breadth, which on the land side has a bank sloping from the cliff, and on that of the sea, a stone wall surmounted by iron railing. At the termination of this esplanade the Chain Pier commences, and extends at right angles more than 360 yards into the sea, forming a most beautiful and salubrious walk, or drive, for the visitors. This elegant and admirable Pier, was projected and executed by Captain S. Brown, of the Royal Navy, under the provision of an Act of Parliament, by which a Company was incorporated for the purpose of raising 27,000/. in shares of 100/. each, which sum the expenditure has exceeded only about 4000/. It was begun in October 1822, and completed in November 1823. The foundation of this singular structure, consists of four clumps of strong piles of timber, driven into the chalk rocks the depth of ten feet, and rising to the height of thirteen feet above high water. These clumps are at the distance of about 260 feet from each other, and each of those nearest to the cliff is formed by twenty perpendicular piles, strongly connected to each other by proper bracings. The extreme clump is a frame in the form of a T, the cross parts extending 91 feet east and west, and is composed of 100 piles, including galleries, flights of steps, and all other conveniences for the purposes of embarkation. Over these clumps rise pyramidal towers of cast iron 25 feet high, formed by two side towers, connected by an arch and a pediment. These support the eight suspension chains which sustain the lower frame of the bridge, and which are of wrought iron, each chain com posed of 117 links, 10 feet long, and 112 lbs. in weight. The towers weigh about fifteen tons each, and afford conveniences for refreshments to the pro- menaders. The effect of this magnificent Pier to the eye, in its grace and lightness, induced many fears for its stability ; but the very tempestuous winter of 1824-5, has fully proved its power of resistance. ' CHURCH AT NEW SHOREHAM, SUSSEX. There are two places on the coast of Sussex bearing the name of Shoreham, situated in the immediate vicinity of each other, and distinguished by the appel lation of Old, and New, Shoreham. The river Adur separates them in its course to join the sea. The churches of each town are curious and interesting specimens of ancient architecture. The engraving above represents the Church of New Shoreham, which, in its original state, was a collegiate foundation of much greater extent than at present. The View is taken from the north-east. All the building west of the intersecting transept has been demolished. New Shoreham is about six miles distant from Brighton. WORTHING POINT, FROM SHOREHAM HARBOUR. Worthing is indebted to its commodious situation as a marine bathing place, for its transformation from a hamlet of fishermen's huts, into the summer resi dence of wealth, elegance, and fashion. It is distant fifty-nine miles from London, and eleven westward of Brighton. It is in the parish of Broadwater, a small village near it. Its situation is protected from the north and east winds by a chain of hills, forming a part of the Sussex Downs. Such is its facility of bathing, that stormy weather does not produce any material obstruction ; and the extensive sands offer a delightful and salubrious scene for airing and exer cise. The Vignette below presents a view of Worthing Point, as it appears from Shoreham Harbour, in which may be observed, as a principal and inter esting object, one of those boats which have been invented for the preservation of life on an element where life is so often menaced with destruction. _/J„*i~ rfut&stUOc'J.M; h:T,J<.. 3* ,..,,.^ ¦ ' ~eAe>,m. ill u J™7nrfi/K««»B Xoitdoti.DjiiUhtid Jurui.iBzo. bj> JamL-A^lrch. Czndull BOGNOR Is situated in the parish of South Berstead, at the south-east corner of the Rape of Chichester, from which city it is distant about seven miles. It is in debted for its present character, and indeed for its existence as a public place, for the rage which prevails for sea bathing. So lately as 1784, it was known only as a resort for smugglers, and consisted merely of a few fishermen's huts. The late Sir Richard Hotham, who was a wealthy tradesman of the borough of Southwark, and had represented it in Parliament, having become, by pur chase, the proprietor of the site of this village, engaged in a very large specu lation, by erecting numerous houses, and all other necessary buildings, to form it into a public place, with a professed design, from appropriate arrangements, to render it the resort of more select company than is generally to be found at other sea bathing places. It consists of an extensive assemblage of brick houses, but in general so detached, that the place is at least a mile in length. ENTRANCE OF PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR. Portsmouth, in Hampshire, 72 miles S. W. from London, is the most regu larly fortified town we possess, having the entrance defended on one side by forts and bastions, and on the other by South Sea Castle, built by Henry VIII. It was indebted for its first defence to Edward III. ; and in the time of Richard II. was of sufficient importance to be made the object of an invasion, being burnt by the French ; but we find that in little more than six years afterwards the inhabitants fitted out an expedition at their own expense, which actually entered the Seine, destroyed several ships, and brought off a considerable booty in wine. Henry VII. Queen Elizabeth, and her successor, and Charles II., who here met and married the Infanta of Portugal, laid out large sums for its protection ; and in our own times Government has purchased several tracts of land, and erected considerable works for the same purpose. The docks and yards here are of such extent as to eclipse^ the parent town, and form the principal abode of the respectable inhabitants. The mouth of the Harbour, which forms the subject of the present Plate, is not so wide as the Thames at Westminster ; but the Harbour itself is one of the finest in the world, as it contains sufficient water for the largest ships, and the whole English fleet might ride there in safety. There are three branches, besides several channels where smaller vessels are moored. Opposite the town is the spacious road of Spithead, where men of war anchor when prepared for actual service. The extensive suburbs of Portsmouth, with the accumulation of naval stores, the immense machinery, and numerous conveniences for building ships of war of all descriptions, are objects of astonishment and admiration to all who visit them. As a garrison town, the deputy governor and suite reside constantly at Portsmouth: the civil power consists of a Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council and Burgesses, by whom the Members are returned to Parliament. It con tains 1100 houses, and 7269 inhabitants; but the population of Portsmouth and Portsea collectively, which may be considered one town, is 45648 persons, of which number 2000 to 4000 are employed in the dock yard. Engraved dyWB Cooke. Dra-wn. "by Jo slma CnstaH . U1CH, ISUES OF WIGHT. IorUon.;Biblished by John Murray, Albemarle Street. Julyii8i6 BONCHURCH, IN THE ISLE OF WIGHT. The Isle of Wight, from its situation, climate, fertility, and picturesque beauty, has been characteristically styled the Garden of England ; and well rewards, by the variety and charm of its landscapes, and the numerous habita tions of persons of taste and fortune, with their decorative improvements which are scattered about it, the curiosity of the large succession of visitors, who, during the fine months of the year, frequent the delicious spot. It forms a part of Hampshire, and is separated from the opposite shore by a channel varying in breadth from two to seven miles. It is, indeed, supposed by some of our philosophic antiquaries to have been originally connected with the main land, but gradually disjointed from thence by the violent efforts of the sea. The more general approach or passage to it, is from Southampton, about the distance of sixteen miles, forming a most delightful voyage along the Southampton water, whose shores are enriched with unrivalled pictures of sylvan beauty : — Poetry alone is equal to the description. Smooth went our boat upon the summer seas, Leaving, for so it seem'd, the world behind, Its sounds of mingled uproar : we, reelin'd Upon the sunny deck, heard not the breeze, That o'er us whisp'ring pass'd, or idly played With the lithe flag aloft. A woodland scene On either side display'd its slope of green, And hung the water's shining edge with shade. Above the woods, Netley ! thy ruins pale Peer'd as we pass'd, and Vecta's azure hue Beyond the misty castle met the view, Where in mid-channel hung the scarce-seen sail : So all was calm and sun-shine, as we went Full cheerly o'er the briny element. The form of the Isle of Wight is that of an irregular lozenge, measuring from the eastern to the western angle nearly twenty-three miles, and from the northern to the southern about thirteen, the whole of its superficies including about 105,000 acres ; while the face of the country presents the most attractive varieties of scenery, composed of woods and rocks, hills, vallies and rivers, with the down and the forest intermingled with the splendor of cultivation ; offering in their turns, the amenity and boldness of landscape. The climate is so favourable to vegetation, that the myrtle appears to be an indigenous plant, and is seen to flourish in the hedge-row of the gardens. To crown the whole, BONCHURCH. it may be considered in the language of Shakspeare, applied to the parent island, as a jewel set in a silver sea. It would have been strange indeed, if a spot so favoured by nature, possessing the grandeur of exterior circumstance, and the charms of interior beauty, should not have been selected as a favourite place of residence by persons of taste and fortune, where they might exercise the one as well as employ the other, in form ing those delightful retirements with which this island abounds. Here, indeed, they every where invite the tourist to the enjoyment of those pure delights which redundant nature, assisted by art, conveys to the contemplative mind. Among the charming residences which enliven, adorn, and may be said to enrich this highly cultivated island, is Bonchurch Cottage, the scene of the engraving to which the reader's attention is here directed. It is the property of Mr. Hatfield, and occupies a situation of romantic character. Nearly opposite to it is a singular rock abruptly starting from the ground, whereon the possessor of the cottage has erected a prospect seat, which has the appearance of a small fort, forming a central object in the picture, and where the surrounding scenery, both as to its rude parts, their picturesque effect, and the marine distance, is correctly expressed and delineated. In approaching the village of St. Boniface, or Bonchurch, as it has long been corruptly termed, the smooth declivity of the down, which bears the same name, is abruptly changed to the romantic waste of craggy and almost naked rocks, which form the principal feature of the higher parts of this small parish. The lower parts consist of the same stupendous fragments as are seen in the other spots of the Undercliff, a romantic tract in the parish of St. Lawrence. The village church, which is a small structure embo somed in fine trees, displays evident traces of antiquity. Bonchuch was the birth place of the gallant Admiral Hobson, who, havino- been left an orphan at a very early age, was apprenticed to a tailor ; but dis liking his situation, and inspired by the sight of a squadron of men-of-war comma- round Dun-nose, he suddenly quitted his work, ran to the beach, jumped into the first boat he saw, and plied his oars so skilfully, that he quickly reached the Admiral's ship, where he entered as a sea-boy. Within a few days they met a French squadron ; and during the action that ensued, while the Admiral and his antagonist were engaged yard-arm and yard-arm, young Hobson contrived to get on board the enemy's ship unperceived, and struck and carried off the French flag : at the moment when he regained his own vessel the British tars shouted "victory," without any other cause than that the BONCHURCH. enemy's colours had disappeared. The French crew, thrown into confusion by this event, ran from their guns, and while the officers were ineffectually en deavouring to rally them, the British seamen boarded their ship, and forced them to surrender. At this juncture, Hobson descended from the shrouds with the French flag wrapped round his arm, and after triumphantly exhibiting his prize to the seamen on the main-deck, he was ordered to the quarter-deck, where the Admiral, after praising his bravery, assured him of his protection. From this period his promotion was rapid ; and having passed through the inferior ranks of the service with much credit, he was advanced to the rank of Admiral ; and so great was the confidence which his sovereign Queen Anne, reposed in him, that she gave him the command of a squadron, with a commission to cruize as his own judgment should dictate. ,.-> :"': 2>^ae^ri 6lr SfiSH ¦sce-inS. .' JirecvTja.twP.Devjiat . Engrave d "by W. B . C o dks . UOT>E]RCLJIFF, IS1L1E OIF WIGHT, Icn^i 'on, .Published.' hu JoltrbMiirrou J'bem.i> ,'.*¦ , \.'regi fund 1,1814 UNDER-CLIFF, ISLE OF WIGHT. The Isle of Wight, a very remarkable prominent feature of the Southern Coast, is part of Hampshire, and projects boldly into the Channel, outside of Ports mouth and Southampton, to which it seems to form' a natural bulwark of defence. Thus situated, it affords a most striking object, to the passing fleets that usually approach within its beautiful and interesting prospect. • The subject here selected is at the most southern point of the back of the island, looking westward, and represents its most peculiar scenery, the Under- Oliff ; or, as the old maps term it, the Under- Way. This is an uncommon tract of land, spread intermediately betwixt the cliffs and the sea shore, evidently formed in past ages, by fragments and masses that have slipped from the higher elevation, and have spread and settled most romantically along the borders of the sea. Above are downs and sheep- walks, with, in some parts, cultivated corn-fields, terminated abruptly by perpendicular steeps ; their horizontal shelving strata, of gritty sand-stone, appear like a continued series of rampart Walls, close to whose upper preci pice the plough is turned and the cattle graze. To descend these, are some fearful paths cut through the jutting rock, where the unaccustomed traveller almost dreads to " topple down headlong !" Below lies a border of land, not half a mile wide, most picturesque and cap tivating in its appearance . Rocky fragments, detached from the upper cliffs, lie scattered amid heath and fern of luxuriant growth, enriched by wild flowers of every varied hue, cherished by the genial warmth reflected from the rampart boundary, which faces