YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 07800 3374 Alabama Anthropological Society — MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA- HANDBOOK OF THE Alabama Anthropological Society 1910 ^ COMPILED BY THOMAS M. OWEN, LL. D., President MONTGOMEHT, AIresbyterian ; married Nov. 25, 1885, Alice Matilda daughter of Maj. James W. and Louise (Ir-wim) Wilson, Pres. Wes tem N. C. Railroad and Chairman N. C. Railroad Commission. BEASLEY, BUCKNER Original Member, May 13, 1909. Second son of James G. and Martha (M-yricTc) Beasley; born May 28, 1881, at Marvin, Russell county, Ala.; early education in Public Schools, Columbus, Ga.; attended Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, 1897-1898, completing the Sophomore Class work there; mar ried Ethel, daughter of William Martin and Elizabeth (.Jackson) Teague, of Montgomery. Oct. 14, 1903; has been connected with Teague' & Sons, wholesale hardware dealers, since 1904; is a Meth odist; member American Anthropological Society since 1909, and of American Historical Association. BRAME, JAMES YANCEY, III Elected June 22, 1909. Second son of James Yancey and Mary (McGinney) Brame; born May 3 1880, near Lowndesboro, Lowndes Co., Ala.; moved with his parent's to Montgomery, 1887, where he received such education as 14 HANDBOOK, 1910. afforded by the public schools and a more advanced private institu tion; interest in archaeology dates from boyhood when fossil re mains in abundance, were discovered in a field adjoining his father's plantation, which, in later life led to further researches along the lower Alabama river; married Cameron Rachel, daughter of Capt. J. M. and Rachel (Paterson) Simpson, of Montgomery, Jan. 20, 1904 r is a Catholic; engaged' in business at Brunswick, Ga., 1902, return ing to Montgomery, 1907, and is now a bookkeeper in the First National Bank. BRANNON, PETER ALEXANDER. .Original Member, May 13, 1909. Oldest child of George Thomas and Stephie (Greene) Brannon;' bom August 30, 1882, at Seale, Russell County, Ala.; received early education in Seale High School; college education of two years (1898-1900), with a "special two year certificate" course in phar macy, Alabama Polytechnical Institute, June, 1900; pharmacist, with E. C. Spann, Druggist, Montgomery, Ala.; member of the Amer ican Anthropological Association since 1907; member, Alabama Pharmaceutical Association since 1907; member Georgia Pharma ceutical Association since 1905; member American Association for the Advancement of Science, section H, one year, 1908; licensed phar maceutical chemist in Alabama since Sept. 12, 1900, and in Georgia since May 18, 1903; member Stonewall Lodge, No. 25, K. of P., Co lumbus, Ga., since 1903; is a Methodist; and married Oct. 5, 1904, Frances, daughter of William Adderson and Carrie (Gray) Frazer. Author: "Aboriginal remains in the middle Chattahoochee valley of Alabama and Georgia," in American Anthropologist, Vol. xi, No. 2, April- June, 1909; "The Kyle mound," in manuscript in the collec tions of the Bureau of American Ethnology. ENGLEHARDT, SAMUEL MARTIN Elected Dec. 21, 1909. Son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Jones) Englehardt; born in Mont gomery, Aug. 5, 1887; received early education in Savage's Prepar atory School, Montgomery; graduate of Washington and Lee Uni versity. 1909, with A. B. degree; member Central Lodge, No. 9, Knights of Pythias, Montgomery; is a Methodist, and unmarried. HALBERT, HENRY SALE Original Member, May 13, 1909. Son of Percival Pickens and Jane (O-wen) Halbert; born in Pick ens county, Alabama, Jan. 14, 1837; educated in private schools, and Union University, Murfreesboro, Tenn., A. M., 1856; served in Texas State troops, in campaign against Kiowa and Comanche In dians, 1860-61; private in the 6th Texas Cavalry, C. S. A., through the War of Secession; .taught in various schools and colleges, 1866- 99; colonization agent for removal of Mississippi Choctaw Indians to west Mississippi river, 1900-03; now engaged in literary, histori cal, and archaelogical work at Montgomery, Ala.; has in manuscript a history of the Choctaw Indians, and also a series of studies on early Spanish and French explorations of the Gulf; member of the Mississippi Historical Society; member of the Alabama Historical Society; member of Camp Lomax, United Confederate Veterans; is a Baptist and a Democrat; author: Creek War of 1813-14, (1895) ; also contributor to historical and archaeological publications, chiefly on the Indians, archaeology, cartography, and Confederate War topics; and unmarried. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. I5 HORTON, EDGAR CROMWELL-_Original member, May 13, 1909. Oldest son of Rev. William D. and Malinda (Padgett) Horton; born Nov. 11, 1875, at Batesburg, S. C,; early education received in various South Carolina public schools; entered South Carolina Mil itary Academy, Oct. 1893, and graduated, with B. S. degree, June 1897; entered upon present work as an observer in U. S. Weather Bureau, 1904, at Jacksonville, Fla.; in charge of U. S. Weather Bu reau Station, Santiago, Cuba, July 1, 1905, to Nov. 30, 1905; now (1910) an observer at the Montgomery Station, of which he was in temporary charge, spring of 1909; is not a church member; and mar ried at Bessemer, Ala., May 15, 1902, Carrie Bell, daughter of Wil liam A. and Jane ( Cunningham) Giles. LETCHER, JOHN TALBERT Original Member, May 13, 1909. Son of Francis Marion and Claudia Caroline (Howard) Letcher; born at Shorter, Ala., Dec. 2, 1881; received early education in country schools near Shorter; in September, 1899, matriculated at the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, where he received the degree of Bachelor of Science, June 1901, and Master of Science, June 1902; was an instructor in the Sewanee Grammar School, Sewanee, Tenn., in autumn of 1902; read law privately and in June, 1903, was ad mitted, by the Supreme Court of Alabama, on examination, to the bar; located in Montgomery, where he has continuously practiced law, except for a few months in 1904 when he was in the employ of the United States Treasury Department in Washington, D. C. ; is past chancellor of Central Lodge, No. 9, Knights of Pythias, and President of the Eighth Pythian District Association; is Great Se nior Sagamore of the Great Council of Alabama, Improved Order of Red Men; Royal Prince of Antares Temple, No. 127, Dramatic Order of Knights of Khorassan; member of the Executive Committee of the Alabama Historical Society, member Alabama State Bar Asso ciation, and of the Montgomery Bar Association; in October, 1909, he became a member of the City Council of Montgomery; is a Baptist; and is unmarried. OWEX, THOMAS JIcADORY Original Member, May 13, 1909. Was bom at the residence of his maternal grandfather, near new Jonesboro (two miles below Bessemer), Jefferson comity, December 15, 1866, and is the son of Dr. William M. .Owen and wife Nancy L. McAdory, both of whom now reside in Birmingham. He received his education in the common schools, and at the academy of Professor I. W. McAdory, Pleasant Hill, Jefferson county. He graduated at the University of Alabama in 1887, taking the degrees of A. B. and LL. B. ; receiving the honorary degree of A. M., 1893, and LL. D., 1904 ; practiced law at Bessemer, 1887-1894, Carrollton, 1897-1900, and Birmingham, 1900-1901; was city solicitor of Bessemer, 1890-93, assistant solicitor of Jefferson county, 1892, and chief clerk, division of P. O. inspectors, P. O. Department, Washington, 1894-97; and was chairman of the Democratic executive committee of Jefferson county, 1890-92. Dr. Owen has for years taken a deep interest in all forms of historical work and enterprise ; has been the secretary of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution in Alabama since its organization, April 16, 1894 ; was one of the founders of the Southem History Association at Washington, April 24, 1896; has been secre tary of the Alabama Historical Society since its re-organization June 16 HANDBOOK, 1910. 21, 1898; was the commander of the Alabama Division, United Sons of Confederate Veterans, Commander-in-Chief of that organization two terms, 1905-07, and has been its Historian-General since 1907; has published several books and pamphlets of an historical charac ter; as chairman of the Alabama History Commission he prepared its Report, which stimulated the establishment of the Department of Archives and History of Alabama, of which he was elected first director, March 2, 1901, for a term of six years, and re-elected March 26, 1907, for a like term ; was one of the founders of the Gulf States Historical Magazine, and edited its flrst volume, 1903-04 ; was the founder of the Alabama Library Association, Nov. 21, 1904, and has been its president since that date by successive elections; was one of the founders of the Alabama Anthropological Society, May 13, 1909 ; is a member of the American Historical Association, the Mis- issippi Valley Historical Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Anthropological Associa tion, the American Antiquarian Society, the Virginia Historical So ciety, the Mississippi Historical Society, the .Oklahoma Historical So ciety, and is the secretary and curator of the Alabama Conference Historical Society, M. E. Church, South. On April 12, 1893, at Pay ette, Ala., he was married to Marie Susan, daughter of Hon. John Hollis Bankhead, U. S. Senator from Alabama, and wife Tallulah Brockman.PARRISH, JAMES STERLING Elected April 5, 1910. Son of Henry Wynn and Ida Conrad (Beaumont) Parrish; was born May 24, 1883, at Clarksville, Tennessee; came to Montgomery with his parents when an infant and has lived here since; attend ed the public schools and the Boys' High School of the city until about sixteen years of age; first employed for about one year as a salesman; in 1906 was taken into the merchandise brokerage busi ness with his father, and is at present a member of the firm of H. W. Parrish and Son; elected member of the City Council of Montgomery, 1907, and in 1909 re-elected for a second' term; was President of the Jefferson Democratic Club, Montgomery, 1907-08; is Secretary of the Democratic Executive Committee of Montgom ery county; Adjutant Pirst Cavalry Alabama National Guard; mem ber of several social organizations, of Central Lodge No. 9, Knights of Pythias, Antares Temple No. 127, Knights of Khorassan, and Tal lapoosa Tribe No. 7, Improved Order of Red Men; member of the First Baptist Church, Montgomery; and unmarried. SCOTT, JOHN ENGLEHARDT Elected Dec. 21, 1909. Son of John Campbell and Elizabeth (Englehardt) Scott; born in Staunton, Va., Oct. 12, 1885; prepared in Staunton High School, and graduated from Washington and Lee University, 1906, with the degree of bachelor of science; three years assistant instructor in chemistry at W. and L. University; at present (1910) doing engi neering work for the city of Montgomery; is a Methodist and is unmarried. II. COLLECTORS AND COL LECTIONS. It will not be possible to present even an approximately full list of Alabama collectors, and collections having Alabama materials. The list below, even with its limitations, will, how ever, doubtless prove valuable, and will serve as a tentative basis for a more complete and exhaustive one. It includes institutions and individuals whose collections are known to contain items found in Alabama. Detailed descriptions are not attempted, although some of the more important speci mens are noted. Owing to the many different ways in which the collections have been reported, it has not been possible to adopt a uniform method of presentation. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. By far the largest single collection of prehistoric objects, taken from the Alabama field, is to be found in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. This col lection has been brought together by Clarence B. Moore, of Philadelphia, and is the result of a number of intelligently planned exploration tours made by him in 1899, 1901, 1905, and 1906. It has been found impracticable for the present, at least, to secure a catalogue or list, and no detailed description is at tempted. Full accounts of the expeditions will, however, be found in the following papers by Mr. Moore, in which the more striking and interesting finds are described and figured: Certain Aboriginal Remains of the Alabama River (1899) ; Certain Aboriginal Remains of the To-mbigbee River; Certain Aboriginal Remains of the Black Warrior River, Certain Aboriginal Remains of the Lower Tombigbee River, and Certain Aboriginal Remains of Mobile Bay (1905) ; and Moundville Revisited (1907. All of these papers are folio reprints from the Journals of the Academy, etc., Philadelphia. vols, xi and xiii. (17) 2 A 18 HANDBOOK, 1910. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The collection and preservation of the Aboriginal remains to be found in the State being one of the objects of the Alabama Anthropological Society, it early began the formation of a col lection, and the Alabama State Department of Archives and History very generously placed suitable cases at its disposal for their preservation and display. The collections so far made are now on exhibition in the museum of the Department, and comprise over one thousand O'bjects. The items are confined almost wholly to specimens from Montgomery and Russell counties. The list includes a large number of very fine arrow-points and spear-headS; a number of discs; about two hundred beads; four large mortars (dou ble) ; five pounding stones; three celts; two net sinkers; three gorgets ; one European trade bell ; three specimens of Westem U. S. pottery, and several pestles. The entire collection comprises twenty-seven lots. ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. The museum of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, occupies a large room on the third floor of the administration building. The collections are arranged in sixteen large dis play cases, each having three pyramidal shelves. The speci mens are labeled and card indexed. Mr. R. L. Brown, Prof, of Mining and Geology, furnishes the following description: Human remains from Walker county, Alabama; Remains of primitive man, found in cave in South Ala bama; Relics from an Alabama Indian mound; About six hundred Indian arrow-points ; A number of stone implements (axes, mortars, pestles, stones for dressing skins) ; Indian saddle; Two Indian peace pipes; Clay pottery; Brick from old Fort Louis at 37 Mile Bluff, above Mobile,- Grape shot fired in Civil War; Fragments of bomb shells ; Indian pottery from St. Andrew's Bay, Florida; ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. I9 Indian relics from Jefferson county, Mississippi; Indian tooth and jaw bone, from mound in Monroe county, W. Va.; African relics (pipes, ornaments, implements, purses) ; Hand engraved "Jicara." Photos of cliff dwellings, Xew Alexico; Casts representing heads of ^Mongolian, North American Indian, Caucasian, Malay, Negro. ALABAjMA state DEPART^IENT OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY. One of the activities of the Alabama State Department of Archives and History, State capitol, JMontgomery, is the main tenance of a museum. Since its establishment in 1901, sev eral thousand historic articles have been assembled. The section devoted to anthropology is not strong, and yet a good beginning has been made. It contains objects asso ciated with noted characters in aboriginal and Indian tribes, stone implements, spear-heads, arrow-points, pipes, toma hawks, gorgets, celts, mortars, pestles, discoidals, and fossil remains. Owing to the rapid changes taking place in the collection, due to constantly increasing additions, no specific list is attempted. The Alabama Anthropological Society, and the Young Jackson collections are deposited in the Museum. See those titles for detailed description. AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Some acount of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, has been supplied by Mr. Alanson Skinner of the Department of Anthropology. He says : "The specimens from Alabama in the Museum's collection are not very numerous, but there are some interesting speci mens among them. There are several interesting pottery ves sels, among them one large bowl-shaped vessel possessing an ear, lug or handle and ornamented by a simple border con sisting of two parallel lines around the rim and was found in verted over the skull of a skeleton in a mound on Bear Point, Perdido Bay, Baldwin county. Another vessel, larger and 20 HANDBOOK, 1910. somewhat elaborate in shape and design, was found in the same neighborhood inverted over a skull. Both these objects were collected by Mr. Clarence B. Moore. A number of interesting pottery heads broken from vessels, including representations of human, owl, duck (in one case apparently a wood duck) forms are also of interest. Pipes are represented by several rectangular steatite bowls and one effigy pipe representing a man squatting on his knees, the bowl formed in a humped and protruding back, the head facing away from the smoker in direct contradistinction from the effigy pipes of western New York, and this neighborhood in general, where the head in variably faces the smoker. Two fragments of pottery pipes are too small to show the type but seem to resemble some what the trumpet-shaped pipes of western New York. "An unfinished banner-stone, apparently made of hematite, from Mt. Meigs, a broken gorget, and several interesting dis- cordial stones are worthy of comment in passing. Of rough stone implements we have a number of celts and some arrow and knife points, a number of the former being remarkably small points. A cast of a stone implement, the original of which is in the University of Louisiana, shows a type closely resembling those found in northern Europe. A comparatively short triangular braid is succeeded by a long narrow stem ending in a slightly expanded butt. Objects of shell, etc., are represented by a shell ornament found in a grave on the breast of a skeleton on a mound near Mt. Meigs. In shape this or nament is like a cross with enlarged ends and is about % of an inch across. There are also a number of pearls labeled as com ing from the collection of Col. Jones, but there is no statement with these specimens as to whether they were found with In dian remains or not." See Charles Edgeworth Jones infra. J. Y. BRAME, JR. The collection of J. Y. Brame, Jr., of Montgomery, Ala., begun in 1901, comprises the following objects : Lot of flint arrow-points, one arrow-point of native copper, one double rock mortar 5x6 inches, two double mortars of sandstone, one mortar with three small cups on reverse, one rock five inches long with bowl ground into one end for a spoon, a quantity of European trade beads, one mutilated chunkee stone two spans around and two inches on edge (only one-half of this ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 21 object), one smooth pendant of shell 3 inches long, one shell perforated for suspension, one-half of a shell gorget 3 inches in diameter perforated and carved, one flint scraping imple ment, three small discs made from broken pottery, two celts 7 inches long, one broken stone chisel 1 inch wide, one un- decorated earthenware vessel (badly broken and mended) 5 inches deep, and 11 1-3 inches in diameter, slightly flaring outward at rim, one small earthenware pipe, one shell hair-pin, six pebbles with holes through centers (natural formation), and one sandstone sinker. PETER A. BRANNON. The collection of Peter A. Brannon of Montgomery, Ala., contains about six thousand objects. It was made up mostly in Russell county, but has several hundred from Montgomery county, with a few from Lee, Pike and Lowndes counties in Alabama, and some from Georgia, Tennessee and Ohio. The collection was begun on April 35, 1905, with a nucleus of eight small celts, five discs, three Mexican objects, one grooved axe from Ohio, and several hundred rough arrow- points and spear-heads, the remainder of the large collection of the late Peter A. Greene, of Seale, Ala. Beginning April 35, 1905, with an exploration trip to the Abercrombie mound in Russell county, Mr. Brannon has himself collected nearly all of his material on this and subsequent trips taken in that lo cality. A small portion of the collection has been presented to him, notably from Georgia, Tennessee, and Ohio, and a num ber of objects from Montgomery county, Alabama. With the exception of a few hundred rough arrow-points, the entire collection is classified, numbered, labeled and cata logued, and is displayed in a cabinet in the library of Mr. Brannon, at his home in Montgomery. Included in the lot are three Mexican objects, a seventeen- faced Aztec urn, a charm-rattler, and a snake idol. The collection in detail is principally made up of the follow ing objects : four pots, one water bottle, one perforated hoe- shaped implement, seven grooved axes, six hundred European trade beads (glass), three thousand shell beads, a few bone beads, two shell hair-pins, two shell gorgets (perforated), one bone gorget (perforated and notched), one grooved hammer- stone, three calumet pipes (soapstone), three large chisels, twenty-nine celts, five pestles, two notched net-sinkers, one 22 HANDBOOK, 1910. quartz hide smoother, two hematite hide smoothers, one hem atite gorget, two soapstone gorgets, one sandstone gorget, one partly perforated gorget of brown sandstone or silicate showing core left by reed, one frog (soapstone), two petrified wooden awls, two bone pendants (perforated), one sheet-cop per pendant, one flat Arkansas pipe, five large flat agricultural hoes, two discoidals (small), fifteen quartz paint-mortars, thirty quartz discs, five quartz plummets, four small black stone discs, thirty pottery game discs, ten flint knives, fifty flint spear-heads (large), twenty-five flint bird arrow-points, twen ty-five flint drills, about one thousand flint arrow-points and spear-heads (perfect specimens), about half of which are barbed and shouldered, and one-fourth of which are serrated, one large lot (about one hundred) different patterns, pot sherds, one lot (twelve North Carolina Cherokee pottery ware (1890) and two wooden spoons, two quart European trade glass bottles recovered from mound, two European trade bells, two gray stone spatulas for pottery, one seventeen-faced Mex ican urn, one snake idol (Mexican), one Mexican charm rat tle, one large lot of modern western Indian bead and leather work, several hundred rough arrow and spear-heads uncata- logued, twenty-five different patterns pot handles (round), five man-faced pot handles, three "duck or bird-head" pot handles, one slate elongated pendant, one obsidian knife, two quartz knives (round), two chert knives, "five "leaf-shaped" implements ,and two flat shoe-last like stones. BUCKNER BEASLEY. The collection of Buckner Beasley, of Montgomery, Ala., is largely made up from the Northern section of Montgomery county. The objects are largely the results of surface col lecting done by Mr. Beasley himself. While residing in the eastern part of Lee county, Ala., in 1895, Mr. Beasley first de veloped an interest in such work, and his earliest specimens came from this section and from Chewacla creek. The col lection is carefully preserved in boxes, and is not kept on dis play. It consists of about five thousand objects of which forty- five hundred are arrow-points and spear-heads, and the re mainder comprise the following: Twenty-seven celts, one hun dred and eight discs, six hammer-stones, five net-sinkers, three mortars, four pestles, twenty-seven round-pointed arrow- ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 23 points, ninety shell, stone, and clay beads, thirty flint and quartz agricultural implements, forty-five drills, five pipes, five small polished chisels, one gorget, one shell hair-pin, fourteen scrapers, one polished agricultural implement, one hoe-shaped implement, three pot-smoothers, one gaving tool, one grooved axe, one grooved hammer, one small stone tube, one banner-stone, eleven slate ceremonials, eight flint knives, one gouge, two pitted stones, and one work block. W. J. CHAMBERS. The collection of W. J. Chambers, of Montgomery, includes several hundred choice objects from different sections of the country. It is displayed in a cabinet in his studio, on Dex ter Avenue, and is of more value from an artistic than from a scientific standpoint, as Mr. Chambers has brought together those objects which appealed mostly to his eye. A number of arrow-points and spear-heads from Montgomery county are included, as well as a pot and a many-cupped paint mortar. Among the other objects are several small pots, celts, and chisels from Wisconsin, mortars and pestles from the West, large spear-heads (perfectly formed) from the Northwest, several grooved axes, and a few ornaments and pendants. Mr. Chambers has been a collector since early manhood. DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. The muuseum of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sci ences, Davenport, Iowa, has a number of prehistoric objects from the Southern States, particularly ancient pottery. In asmuch as many of the specimens are not labeled, their his tory has been lost. In a paper of Dr. Wm. H. Holmes on "Ancient pottery of the Mississippi Valley," which is to be found in the Proceed ings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, 1883- 1884 (1886), vol. iv, pp. 133-118, are noted references to all Alabama items which can now be identified. Those figured are four in number, namely, one pot from Four-mile Bayou, one small cup, one large cup, and one bottle. See pp. 155, 193, 193, 195. No catalogue or guide to the collections of the Academy has yet been published. 24 HANDBOOK, 1910. ENGLEHARDT AND SCOTT. Samuel Englehardt and John E. Scott, of Montgomery, Ala., have assembled several hundred miscellaneous objects in cluding over one thousand arrow-points and Spear-heads, drills, stone axes, beads, celts, chunkee stones, gorgets, mor tars, etc. They have all been found in the region around Mont gomery. The collection is not catalogued, but is displayed in their home. No. 313 Monroe street. GRAND LODGE, A. F. & A. M. The library of the Alabama Grand Lodge, A. F. & A. M., Montgomery, contains a cabinet, in which is displayed a col lection of fifty-one objects presented by H. B. Hale to Wm. H. Dingley, grand treasurer, who in turn presented them to the Grand Lodge. They were secured by Mr. Hale, after the flood of 1886, from a burial site near old Tuckabatchie town, on the Tallapoosa River. The following is a list of the articles: One ornamented bowl, diameter 16 inches, and depth 6 inches, one ornamented bowl, diameter 14 inches, and depth 5 inches, three ornamented bowls, diameter 13 inches, and depth 3 1-3 inches, one orna mented bowl, diameter 4 inches, and depth 1 inch, one orna mented water-bottle, diameter 13 inches, and depth 10 inches, three ornamented pots, diameter 4 inches, and depth 5 inches, three small stone discs, one four-inch mosaic-like stone (quartz) disc, one four-inch blue celt, one eight-inch blue chisel, one iron pipe-tomahawk. Three crescent-shaped copper gorgets, four small tobacco pipes, one calumet two-inch bowl pipe, one long catlinite pipe, two small ungrooved axes, one eight-inch flint hoe, five small arrO'W-points, ten copper beads of which four are rolled copper, two flint drills, one large shell hair pin, and four European brass armlets. WILLIAM H. GRAY, JR. Mr. William H. Gray, Jr.. of Phoenix City, Lee County, Ala., has several thousand objects. With the exception, how ever, of two fine large pots from the Wacoochee valley sec tion of the county, a few rough celts, some large knives, and ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 25 probably fifteen large rough hoes, the collection is made up mostly of arrow-points and spear-heads. A large portion of these are of the rough chert kind, to be found along the west bank of the upper Chattahoochee river. The collection contains also a few glass and stone beads, a small number of shell beads, and a small lot of fine celts from New England, obtained by exchange. Mr. Gray has collected most of his material along the Chattahoochee River in Lee county; while some from Tallapoosa county have been pre sented to him. It is an exclusively East Alabama collection, with the exceptions of the New England celts, and has been collected within the last fifteen years. YOUNG JACKSON. Mr. Young Jackson, of Coosada, Ala., has been a zealous collector for many years. Residing near the Alabama river and near the site of the old Indian village of Coosauda, he has had exceptional opfMDrtunities. Part of his collection, numbering about one hundred choice and interesting objects, is deposited with the Alabama State Department of Archives and History, and is displayed with the cabinets of the Alabama Anthropological Society. These include pipes, gorgets, arrow- points, spear-heads, tomahawks, rings, beads, and relics from Indian burial sites. CHARLES EDGWORTH JONES. The last collection made up by the late Col. Charles Colcock Jones is preserved in the hands of his son Charles Edgworth Jones, Augusta, Ga., who has given a general description. He writes : "The following Indian objects from Alabama are contained in my honored father's second archaeological collection (May 1877, to July, 1893). By reference to the first volume of his Catalogue (1877-1881), I find the following Nos. specified as coming from Alabama : No. 101, a pipe from mound on plan tation of Mr. McPherson, near the Coosa river, about thirty miles below Rome, Ga., in Alabama ; Nos. 619 to 621 inclusive,. showing twenty mounted spear and arrow-points from Henry 26 HANDBOOK. 1910. county, Ala. ; Nos. 655 to 675, inclusive, showing twenty loose spear and arrow-points from Henry county, Ala. ; No. 4847 to 4850, inclusive, showing stone celts from Russell county, Ala.; and No. 4861, showing a grooved axe from Russell county. The second volume of this Catalogue (1881-1893) contains no specimens whatever from Alabama. I have gone over both volumes of American section of my father's archaeolog ical collection carefully. My father's first Archaeological col lection (Dec. 1865-May 1877) is permanently located at American Museum of Natural History, New York City. They have the volume or volumes of Catalogue of his first collection, and the authorities there will tell you whether there is any mention of objects from Alabama." RICHARD LINDSEY. Richard Lindsey, of Pittsview, Russell County, has a col lection of celts, beads and several hundred arrow-points and spear-heads. The collection also contains two or three hoes and a few other items. The articles were all found on his plantation in the vicinity of Pittsview. The collection is kept at his home. CARR McCORMACK. Mr. Carr McCormack, of Quinton, near Birmingham, Ala., has a collection of archaeological objects, made up, however, largely in the vicinity of his old home in Missouri. It con tains only a few Alabama items. F. W. MILLER. Mr. F. W. Miller, of East Orange, N. J., has a number of objects from Russell county, Ala. In the collection are a hoe-shaped implement, and several pendants and gorgets. Mr. Miller resided at one time in Columbus, Ga., and from that point made several trips to the Abercrombie Mound site, in company with George W. B. McKnight, one of the most remarkable of collectors. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 27 ALLEN M. McNEEL. Mr. Allen M. McNeel, of Montgomery, has been a collector since boyhood. He has enriched many collections by valuable gifts. Recently he has begun making up a personal collection. At present it consists of a fine celt, twelve ornamented pots herds, fifteen shark's teeth awls, one plaint mortar, and about one hundred and fift\- arrow-points and spear-heads. MOBILE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Among the many actiArities of the Young Men's Christian Association, Mobile, it maintains an excellent historical and archaeological museum. ^Irs. F. H. Hapi)er, librarian, and Miss Leila Aunspaugh, assistant, have prepared the following description : "The Association has been interested in the collecting of a Museum from its early days. Even before coming into its pres ent handsome home, it had the nucleus of a good INIuseum. \\'^hen in 1898 the Association moved into its owm home, and the needed room was at hand, its Museum began to grow rap idly. We have now about our building a creditable collection well labeled and catalogued. "It includes collections from Africa, the East, England, Scotland, almost all the European States, Philippines, China, Japan, IMexico, North America, Central and South America. Relics of the American Revolution, Civil War, and Spanish- American War. Coral, shells and sponge from the Indian Ocean. An interesting collection of old vases, clocks, lamps, tropical birds, copies of paintings by the old masters. A large and interesting collection of coins from many lands. Guns and pistols and knives. Swords of unique workmanship. "A large collection of Indian relics given us by the Univer sity of Pennsylvania. It includes a fine assortment of pottery, beads, textiles, arrow-heads" and carvings. "We are trying to make a specialty of our Alabama archa eology, and are developing the Mobile part as rapidly as we can. in our IMobile Department we have a large and inter esting collection of Mobile historic furniture, china and por traits of prominent Mobilians of the past and present. In our archaeological research we have been greatly aided by the Iberville Historical Society. Through them we have speci mens from Dauphine Island Shell-banks, Blakely and Spanish Fort. 28 HANDBOOK, 1910. "Among our best Specimens are some arrow-points, totems, and pottery from the Indian mounds in lower Baldwin county. One totem represents a calf's head, perfect in all detail of carv ing, another a dog, a third is imperfect but was epidently a bird of some description. A water jug, and fine pieces of petrified wood. Our collection of arrow-points is an unusu ally fine one. Some human ribs found when making the ex cavations for foundation of Van Antwerp building. These are more than two inches longer than the average measure of a large man. We have Indian relics from Clarke county, and the mounds of Gadsden, Alabama. Among many other interesting Mobile relics is a portion of the first water-pipe laid in Mobile. This is of wood and is perfectly preserved. "In all, our collection contains over eight hundred cata logued specimens." DR. L. F. MYERS. The collection of Dr. L- F. Myers, of Columbus, Ga., is made up almost entirely of the odds and ends, and the imper fect objects from the large collection of the late George W. B. McKnight, of Columbus. It contains a number of beads and three co'pper rings, as well as arrow-points and spear-heads from East Alabama, and some rough celts from Russell county, Alabama. THOMAS M. OWEN. The President of the Society, Dr. Thomas M. Owen, Mont gomery, has a small collection, made up of stone implements, spear-heads, arrow-points, and some other articles found in historic localities in Alabama. He had a much more extensive and interesting collection, which was destroyed, with the burning of his home in Montgomery, March 6, 1906. PHILLIPS ACADEMY. DEPARTMENT OF AMERICAN ARCHAELOGY. The Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., through Prof. War ren K. Moorhead, curator of its Department of American Ar chaeology, has made an extensive collection. It embraces ? number of Southern and Alabama specimens, but details are not available at the time of the publication of the Handbook'. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 29 REV. FRANCIS TAPPEY. Rev. Francis Tappey, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Huntsville, has a collection of about two hundred specimens, all located in Alabama. In the collection are two celts, one pestle, two stone hatchets, one paint mortar, one adze, one long spear-head, pieces of pottery, one discoidal stone, and a large collection of arrow-points, including one whirling arrow-point. Mr. Tappey's collection has been car ried on irregularly for the preceding five years, during the odd hours of a busy pastorate. GEN. GATES P. THRUSTON. The most noted collector of anthropological specimens in the South is Gen. Gates P. Thruston, of Nashville, Tenn. For years he has been an industrious and intelligent collector. In a volume first published by him in 1890, and in 1897 in a second edition, under the title of The Antiquities of Tennessee mtd the Adjacent States (3nd edition, Svo. pp. 368.) descrip tion is presented', with figures, of his best specimens. In The Wisconsin Archaeologist, July, 190-1, vol. 3, No. 4, is a paper entitled "Tennessee Archaeology at St. Louis. — The Thruston Exhibit," prepared by General Thruston, in which is given a brief, but graphic account with figures of many unique objects. The entire Thruston collection is now permanently deposited in the Vanderbilt University, Nashville. Concerning the Alabama items of the collection. Gen. Thrus ton writes : "The collection contains a few fine specimens from Alabama, perhaps the most noted one is the "Panther Pipe" from one of the groups of Carthage mounds, near Tuscaloosa, Ala. (^See my illustration Fig. 84 in my book, the Antiquities of Tennes see, etc.) A larger but less beautiful pipe was found at the sarne time. These pipes were exhibited here years ago, at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. A full description will be found in the book. "Another very perfect Alabama specimen of pipe is a bird pipe of steatite weighing 4 or 5 pounds and of beautiful work manship. See figure 98, page 198 in my book, where a free description wiH be found.) I have never seen a more beau tiful pipe It was found in Etowah county, near Attalla, Ala. 30 HANDBOOK, 1910. "Among the finest specimens discovered in Alabama, have been the flat stone plates or disks, quite unlike the ordinary stone discs of Tennessee. They are made of sandstone, and have usually been found in North Alabama. See figure and description 181, page 374.) The most remarkable disc from Alabama is Fig. 336, page 333. "I have never known this class of flat discs to be found out of Alabama. Fig. 180 and 179 show some discs that are es pecially of Alabama, smaller on the upper side than the lower, and usually small discs. Fig. 180 illustrates a remarkable lit tle disc from Alabama. See description there. "The arrow-points from Alabama, of jasper and flint, are more beautiful in color than from any other State. A consid erable proportion of them being of rich red or jasper hue, colored by the iron in the soil of many sections of Alabama." UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C, under date of Jan. 37, 1910, supplies the following accounts : "In the Division of Ethnology, the Alabama collection is small, consisting of a few baskets and pieces of pottery. "In the Division of Prehistoric Archeology, however, Ala bama is fairly well represented. The majority of the speci mens appear to have been found in mounds, shell-heaps, and on village sites, although a large number are the ordinary sur face finds from plowed fields. The stone implements and ob jects include hatchets, hammer-stones, cup stones, pestles, mul- lers, mortars, grinding stones, discoidal Stones, drilled tab lets, boat-shaped amulets, stone and hematite pendants. The chipped and flaked series ranges from roughly shaped flint and chert hatchets, hoes, etc., to finely made leaf-shaped blades, spear-heads, arrow-points, scrapers, and drills. A limited num ber of shell objects are represented by gorgets, pins and beads. There are also a few bone perforators, and a number of or naments made from bear teeth, split and perforated for sus pension. Objects of earthenware include large burial-urns with elaborate incised decoration, bowls, pipes, and many frag ments of vessels. "The following specimens are thought worthy of special mention : "Three engraved stone plates from a mound on Warrior River, Hale county, presented by Prof. N. T. Lupton; ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 31 "Cast of 'The Rattlesnake Disk' original from Hale county, and cast of a carved stone effigy pipe (animal form) acquired through the courtesy of Mr. Eugene A. Smith ; "The collection from shell-heaps near ^Mobile, contributed by Messrs. A. S. Gaines and K. M. Cunningham. "The following is a list of the counties represented : Blount, Winston, Colbert, Lauderdale, Morgan, St. Clair, Elmore, Marshall, ^Mlcox, Dallas, Jefferson, Cherokee, Madison, Hale, Talladega, and Tallapoosa." UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. The scientific collections of the University of Alabama have been largely made up by Dr. Eugene Allen Smith, State (j€- ologist, since 1873. They are displayed in Smith Hall, a new building of Ionic style of architecture. The following para graphs from the U'niversity Catalogue, 1909, descriptive of the museum rooms are of interest: "The main or central portion of the building is the Museum of Geology and Natural History. On the first floor is the cen tral or entrance hall with stairway opposite the front entrance, used for the display of large specimens of iron ore, coal, lime stone, fossil coal plants, etc. 'To the north of this hall are two large rooms separated by a cross hall, and used for laboratories for Mineralogy. To the south of the hall are two similar rooms, one for the library of the Geological Survey and De partment of Geology, and the other for the Chemical labora tory of the Survey. "The entire second floor, 110 by 59 feet, and the gallery 13 feet wide, forming the third floor and supported by Corin thian columns extending from main floor to ceiling, are de voted to the storage and exhibition of the Geological and Na tural History collections, in suitable cases, arranged between the windows, against the end walls, and in the central part of the hall. A central skvlight, 40 by 70 feet, and windows on both sides of the hall, provide ample illumination." The following detailed description of the collections, has been prepared by Mr. Herbert A. Smith, Curator of the Museum : Atttauga Cotwtt: . j. ^ 4. i*. Prattville. Two stone mills or grmdmg-stones ; two celts (stone axes) one very large. Baij)win County : ^ j ^4. «._ t. n Arrow-points and fragments of ornamented pottery from shell- heaps. 32 HANDBOOK, 1910. Babboue County: Eufaula. Small discoidal stone. Bibb County: Centreville. Large earthern pot, probably a burial-jar. Blount County : Near Hanby's MiU. Celt of schistose rock, peculiar form. Bat tle-axe of hard sandstone, with groove for attachment of handle, locality unknown, two celts. Butlee County: Monterey. Granite celt. Pigeon Creek. Stone bead. Choctaw County: N. W. of St. Stephens. Polished celt. Clay County: Mosely. Pickaxe-shaped polished stone, probably an ornament. CouBEET County: Bear Creek. Stone knife. Conecuh County : Mound on Murder Creek,, two miles south of Evergreen. Frag ments of ornamented pottery, ironstone spindle-whorl, fos sil sharks teeth (perhaps used as tools), fragments of bones. etc. Ridge on Murder Creek, one half mile from Old Sparta. Several clay figurines, probably fragments of ornamented pottery. Obsidian arrow-points. CoosA County : Near the Coosa River. Copper ornament ( ?) shaped somewhat like a capital letter H, supposed to be of Indian origin. Ceenshaw County : 4 Miles 8. E. of Rutledge. Stone pipe. Dallas County: Selma. Clay burial-jar, ornamented. Painted clay pot. Elmore County: Biver plain one half mile South of Wetumpka. Large flint ar row-point. Etowah County: Leesburg. Several flint knives. Fayette County : Fa-yette Court House. Polished trough-shaped stone (chert) with holes for attachment. Whether these objects were tools or ornaments is unknown, but they were evidently valuable to the Indians, as they are elaborately flnished, and must have required much time in the making. There are several in the Museum collection. Barrel-shaped stone, hollowed at each end. Use unknown. Two stone battle-axes with ' grooves for attachment of handles. Celt. 12 miles W. of Fayette Court House. Small celt. 11 miles E. of Fayette Court House ornament (?) of quart zite, shaped much like a vertebral bone. Exact locality unknown, polished trough-shaped stone (chert) similar to that of Fayette Court House. Soapstone pipe representing a bird, a very flne specimen. Hollowed discoidal stone, probably used for grinding clay points. Two ornaments ( ?) of quartzite, shaped like vertebral bones. These are among the most elaborate of the antiquities in the Museum. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 33 Pearl breast-ornament, made from a unlo or other large vi- valve discoidal about 5 inches in diameter, with holes for attachment. Stone club-heads, polished stone celts, stone battle-axe with grooved handle. Fragments of ornamented pottery. Lowndes County: Stone mill or grinding-stone of porphyritic rock. Polished trough-shaped stone, resembling in form the one from Fayette county. Maeenqo County : Moscow. Hollowed stone (nut-stone.) Prairieville. Polished celt, very large and flne. Mabion County: Trough-shaped polished stone, resembling the ones described from Fayette county. Mobile County: Small clay bottle, unornamented. Clay ball, found in a shell-heap on the shores of Mobile Bay. Large stone pipe. Flat stone implement, ornamented with holes for attachment. Celt. St. Claie County: Celt and arrow-points. Tallapoosa County: Near Dadeville. One bowl with handles; and a part of another. Big Sandy Creek, South of Dadeville. Large stone bowl, similar to the last. Five miles N. of Dadieville. Stone bowl with handles (broken.) Tuscaloosa County : Near Tuscaloosa. Disk-shaped flat stone. Site of old Indian town of Tuscaloosa, one mile west of the Tuscaloosa bridge. Mill and pestle for grinding corn. Stone Graves, on or near the farm of the Insane Hospital, one mile east of Tuscaloosa. Skull and portions of jaw-bones. Clay pot with loops for a band, found with a skeleton. Ornamented clay pot, with beating-stone. Hollowed stone (nut-stone) and pestles. Arrow-points, discoidal stones, small celts, fragments of pot tery, mussel-shells, stone beads, etc. Farm of Insane Hospital. Large battle-axe, grooved for handle. Logan's Bluff. Beads made from shell pearl. McCalla, near Tuscaloosa. Stone pestle for breaking nuts, found in a stone grave. Foster's Ferry. Ornamented clay bowl. Clay bowl with ornamented loops for attachment. Small clay vase representing a frog. Clay vase with scratch-work ornaments representing birds. Carthage. Carved burial pot-cover; a thin disk of fine hard sandstone with figures and ornaments of great interest. A cast is In the National Museum, and a similar cast Is with the original. Ornamented clay vase. Two painted clay bottles. Clay vase with scratch-work figures of wild geese ( ?) 3 A 34 HANDBOOK, 1910. Two clay bowls, ornamented with scratch-work and painted. Clay vase, ornamented'. Clay vase with ornaments in relief and scratch-work. Small clay cooking-bowl with handles. Clay pipe, ornamented. Polished celt, peculiar form. Celt of ordinary form. Four discoidal stones (Chunkee stones.) Turkey Creek. Fragment of ornamented clay pot. Plantation of Morgan Cle-ments. Three discoidal stones. Fragments of "plummet" stone (so called). Near Warrior River, above Tuscaloosa. Clay vase from a stone grave. Hollowed stone (nut-stone). Arrow-points and celts. Eoeact locality unknown. Pipe of red sandstone, (fine), polished stone axe. Stone pipe representing a bird', ceremonial form, very large and flne. Burial pot-cover, similar to that from Carthage, but less elab orately carved. This was found covering an Indian skull, and there was a similar disc under the skull. Small clay cooking-pot, ornamented. Axe-shaped object of polished stone, bored longitudinally. Dis coidal stone. Washington County : Stone object, shaped like the letter X, roughly made and not polished. Wilcox County: Biver Plain, below Black's Bluff, mill or grinding-stone (hard sandstone) with pestle. Large celt. Stone knife. Arrow-points. Exact locality unknown. Celts and arrow-heads. In addition to the objects listed above, the Museum possesses many which are known to be from Alabama, but the exact locality has been lost. These include polished stone orna ments and utensils, celts, arrowrpoints, vases, bowls, etc. Some of them of great interest. Heretofore no special ef fort has been made to increase the collection of antiqui ties, and no excavations have been made, except in the im mediate vicinity of the University (Insane Hospital Farm, etc.) DR. HAMILTON M. WEEDON. Dr. Hamilton M. Weedon, of Troy, Ala., has a small col lection, containing approximately one hundred arrow-points and spear-heads, several celts, one chisel, a perforated brown stone pickaxe, a skull, and two iron tomahawks. It has been brought together in the last five years. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 35 DR. H. :\I. WHELPLEY. Perhaps the largest private collection of objects found in Alabama belongs to Dr. H. M. Whelpley, of St. Louis. This collection, however, contains many thousand items obtained elsewhere. Dr. Whelpley in 1908 purchased the collection made b}- the late George W. B. McKnight, one of the most diligent and discriminating of collectors. Mr. McKnight made occasional visits to East Alabama from 1887 to 1905, during which period he made up his collection. A description cannot be given, but note is made of the following: One large soap- stone calumet pipe, one large chisel, one lot of striped quartz beads, and several fine celts. JOHN C. WILLIAMS. In the office of Our Mou-rvtain Home, of Talladega, John C. Williams, editor and proprietor, has on display a large nurn ber of historical and archaeological specimens, all secured near the town. Detailed description is not available. The coUec tion has been promised to the Alabama State Department of Archives and History. III. MOUNDS AND PREHISTORIC WORKS IN ALABAMA. The following catalogue and bibliography of Alabama Mounds and Prehistoric Works is presented as a basis for further enlargement, additions and corrections. It will also aid in future exploration work. In form it follows the valu able pioneer volume of Cyrus Thomas, Prehistoric Works East of the Rocky Mountains, published in 1891, by the Bureau of American Ethnology. Mr. Thomas's brief work for Alabama was elaborated and published, with many additions, in the Report of the AlaboMW, History Commission, which ap peared in 1901, as Vol. i of the "Miscellaneous Collections" of the Alabama Historical Society. The present catalogue is a still further enlargement. Baldwin County. Mound on Perdido Bay, near Josephine post-office, contain- irg a large amount of pottery in fragments. Reported by Francis H. Parsons, of the U. S. Coast and Geodet ic Survey. Shell-heaps on the Mobile River at its mouth, especially on Simpson Island, from which human remains, bone imple ments, and pottery have been obtained. These are different from most others in being largely of clam-shells. They have been much drawn on for paving purposes in Mobile, and many of them are thus much reduced. Described' by A. S. Gaines and K. M. Cunningham, in Smith sonian Beport, 1877, pp. 290-291 and Peter J. Hamilton's Colo nial Mobile, (1897), p. 71. Shell-banks on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay, one mile from Point Clear. Reported by Cornelius Cadle, In Smithsonian Beport, 1879, p. 442. Mound on the extremity of Bear Point, a peninsula, in Per dido Bay, in which human bones and a number of earthen pots — some containing portions of skulls, were found. Examined and described by G. M. Sternberg, in Proceedings American Association Advancement of Science, 1875, vol. 24, pp. 287-290. (36) ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 37 Mounds and other works on the Tensaw River near where Battle River leaves it, in one of which broken jxjttery was found. Described and figured by A. Bigelow, in American Journal Science and Art, 2nd series, 1853, vol. 15, pp. 186-192. Shell-bank near old Blakeley, east bank of Tensaw River, in T. 3, S., R. 1 E. Hamilton's Colonial Mobile^ p. 5. Mounds and shell-banks. Noted by Mrs. W. B. Sorsby, in Transactions Alabama Histor ical Society, 1898-99, vol. iii, pp. 50-51. Mound on creek about eight miles inland from Stockton, perhaps 40ft. high, 40 wide and 100 long, on McMillan lands. Shell-banks high and extensive on Bon Secour Bay, near Gasque P. O. These are used for market gardens and pro duce watermelons and vegetables famous for their early date and fine quality. Mound half mile inland, about one mile from mouth of Per dido Bay, not so high as last, but larger. Scrub oaks and other trees are growing on it. It has been dug into more than once. A handsome clay head, pitcher handle and other articles from it are in the Y. M. C. A. Museum at Mobile. Reported by Peter J. Hamilton, Mobile, Ala. See Colonial Mobile, p. 5. Mounds on Tensaw at and above Stockton, the former resi dence of Maj. Robert Farmer. Described by Bartram, 1777. See also Hamilton's Colonial Mobile, p. 238; and Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1905, vol. xiii, p. 294. Canal connecting Bay John with lagoon east of Fort Mor gan. Now almost obliterated. Mound on island at Battle Creek, described as 50ft. high and i>erhaps the largest of this section. In Hamilton's Colonial Mobile, p. 42. Certain aboriginal remains. Mobile Bay. Mounds on Simpson Island. Shell deposit at Blakeley. Mound near Starke's Wharf. Shell-mound near Fish River. Shell-ridge near Bon Secour River. Mounds on Seymour's Bluff. Shell-bank, Strong's Bayou. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Aoademy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1905, vol. xlil, pp. 280-295. 38 HANDBOOK, 1910. Babboue. Mounds near Eufaula. Noticed by J. M. McElroy, in Smithsonian Beport, 1879, p. 444. Remains of an old Creek town, three miles northeast of Eu faula, on the St. Francis Bend of the Chattahoochee River. In Twelfth Annual Beport Burea/u of Ethnology, 1890-91, p. 289. Mound of red clay, two miles above Eufaula, on Chatta hoochee River, located on property of Mr. H. Lampley. Domiciliary. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Joumal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1907, vol. xiii, p. 448. Mound, near north side of Williams Lake, about one-half mile from Upper Francis landing, Chattahoochee River. Not investigated. Ibid, p. 448. Two mounds, located four miles south of Clayton on the farm of John Bell. These mounds are each about 15 ft. high, and about 50 ft. in diameter at the base. They are about forty yards apart, north and south. Reported by Prof. Henry S. Halbert from conversations with A. S. Reynolds, of Clayton. Blount. Cache of seventeen chipped implements, spear-heads, etc., in a field near Blountsville. Reported by Frank Burns, in Smithsonian Beport, 1882, p. 826. Burial-cave, known as "Cramp's Cave," fifteen miles south of Blountsville, in which skeletons, wooden trough, bark mat ting, copper articles, etc., have been found. Ibid. p. 826. See also Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau, of Ethnology, 1890- 91, p. 286; Brewer's Alabama, p. 139; and Tuomey's Second Biennial Beport on the Geology of Alabama, P- Mounds in Murphree's valley, also in the trough of the Locust Fork of the Warrior, in Blountsville valley, in Brown's valley, and northwest of the Mulberry Fork. In George Powell's "History of Blount County," in Transao- tions Alabama Historical Society, 1855, pp. 58-59. Old fortification near the junction of the Little Warrior and Locust Fork. Ibid. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 39 Bullock. Mound on plantation of J. H. Fielder, ten miles from Union Springs. In Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1899-1900, vol. iv., p. 935. Butlee. Ancient mounds in this county. In John B. Little's History of Butler County, (1885) pp. 143- 145. Two mounds. One located a mile and a half northwest of Oaky Streak, and about a quarter of a mile above Pigeon Creek — on east side of creek — perhaps half a mile distant. This mound is in a hammock on Lovett Wilson's farm. The mound is about 4 ft. high and 15 ft. in diameter. The second mound is about the same size, and is on H. C. Smith's farm, in southeast corner of the county. The mound is on or near the county line separating Butler and Crenshaw county, and about a quarter of a mile from the southeast cor ner of Butler county. Reported by Prof. Henry S. Halbert from conversations with E. Y. Shines and Aubrey W. Smith, of Butler county. Calhoun. Large isolated mound about three miles southwest of Oxford on the Carver place, near Choccolocco creek. Noticed by Elston Luttrell, in Smithsonian Beport, 1882, p. 827. Also reported by J. P. Rogan. Cherokee. Ancient parallel ditches at the falls of Little River, in the northwest corner of the county, near the DeKalb county line. Also rock houses, or caves in the vicinity. In Pickett's AUbama (1st ed.), vol. 1, pp. 175-176; Owen's edition (1900), pp. 156-157. See also The Missionary Herald, 1824, vol. xx, pp. 12-13. Brewer's Alabama, pp. 166, 236. Chtcton. Mounds at Varna, on the South and North Alabama Rail road (L. & N.), near the old Repito "Gold Mine," on Sec. 16, T. 31 N., R. 16 E. Reported by Dr. Eugene A. Smith. Stone heaps in T. 33 N., R. 14 E., of St. Stephens' Meri dian, three and one-half miles northeast of Jemison Station, South and North Alabama Railroad (L. & N.) Described by William Gesner, in Smithsonian Beport, 1881, pp. 616-617. 40 HANDBOOK, 1910. Choctaw. Mound near Bass' landing, Tombigbee River. Mound near Powers' landing. Mound near Steiner's landing. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1905, vol. xiii, pp. 263, 264, 269, 275. Claeke. Burying-ground and mound on the site of old Fort Mau- vila (the latter now obliterated), four and one-half miles east of Gainestown on the bank of Alabama River, in Sec. 2, T. 5 N., R. 4 E. In Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, p. 289. Group of mounds, with Indian ball-ground, and burial- ground, five miles north of Wood's Bluff, and one-half mile from Alabama River. In T. H. Ball's Clarke County, and its SurroundHngs (1882), pp. 672-673. Morrisette mound, near Marshall's Bluff landing, Alabama River. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1899, vol. xl, p. 296. Mound near the Cut-off, Tombigbee River. Mound on Hook's plantation. Mound at Payne's woodyard, Tombigbee River. Mound near Carney's Bluff. Mounds near Jackson. Mounds near Jackson landing. Mound in Kimbell's field. Mound near Malone's gin. Mound at Cox's landing. Dwelling site at Thornton's upper landing. Mound near Noble's gin. Mound near and below Bashi Creek. Ibid. 1905, vol. xiii, pp. 246-278. Clay. Stone mound in Sec. 36, T. 19 S., R. 7 E. Briefly described by William Gesner, in Smithsonian Beport, 1879, p. 3-82. Ancient mica quarry in Sec. 36, T. 19 S., R. 7 E. Ibid. Coffee. Mound in T. 6, R. 19 W. In Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1899-1900, vol. iv. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 4][ COLBEBT. Large mound near lock on Colbert Shoals Canal, Ten essee River, near Riverton. Excavated and explored by the Academy of Science, Daven port, Iowa. Done by Mr. Hall. There were three of the mounds in this group originallv. One was removed by the Northern Alabama Railroad for its tracks. Another was leveled and on its site were placed the batteries to command the point on the river in the War of Secession. Reported by Dr. George T. McWhorter, Riverton, Ala. Conecuh. Turk's cave, near Brooklyn. In Brewer's Alabwma, p. 194. Covington. Three mounds on Conecuh River. In Brewer's Alabama, p. 202. Cave on Yellow River, of vast extent. Ibid. Ceenshaw. Three mounds, two large and one small, on plantation of a Mr. McLeod, two miles northwest of Glenwood station. Central of Georgia Railroad. Near a small creek. Probable village site and cemetery. A few surface finds made here. Reported by Peter A. Brannon, Secretary of the Alabama An thropological Society, Montgomery, Ala. Dale. Mounds near Sylvan Grove. Located above Newton. From it bones, Indian relics and antiquarian objects have been taken. Reported by J. F. Pouncy, Daleville, Ala. Two small mounds, located two miles east of Skipperville, and on the road leading from Skipperville to Clopton, now considerably worn down. They are about two hundred yards apart, east and west. The western mound is in a cultivated field, the eastem in an old abandoned field. The road runs along the southern base of the eastern mound. Each is about 4 or 5 ft. high, and about 30 ft. in diameter at the base. The eastem mound has been shghtly explored. Reported by Prof. H. S. Halbert from conversations with D. P. Mlxon and J. W. Mathison, of Ozark, Ala. 42 HANDBOOK, 1910. Dallas. Ancient ditches at Cahaba. Incidental mention in Pickett's Alabama (1st ed'.), vol. 1, p. 172; and Owen's edition (1900), p. 155. See also Brewer's Alabama, p. 209. Mound on the Joel Mathews' place, Alabama River, about one mile below Cahaba on the right bank. Mound on the Hunter place, Alabama River, about four miles below Selma on the right bank. Aboriginal cemetery, Durand's Bend, Alabama River, about thirteen miles above Selma by water. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1899, vpl. xi, pp. 302-319; figures. Ancient mound, about eight miles south of Selma, a quar ter of a mile north of Cedar Creek, and near the public road. It is oblong, about 8 ft. high and 60 ft. long, north and south. So far as known it has never been explored. Reported by Prof. H. S. Halbert from conversations with Messrs. J. M. and A. M. Lide, R. F. D. 1, Selma. Elmoeb. "Old Fort Jackson Works," mounds and house sites, and remains of old French Fort 'Toulouse and United States Fort Jackson, near the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers. In Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, pp. 288-289. See also Brewer's Alabama, p. 239. Mound at Wetumpka. Reported by James D. Middleton. Mounds and house remains on the west bank of the Coosa River, about a mile above where it is joined by the Talla poosa. Mound on an island in Jackson's lake, six miles north of Montgomery. The "Parker Mound" on the Coosa River, near its junction with the Tallapoosa. In Tioelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, pp. 286-288. Mound near Horse-Shoe Bend about five miles below Mont gomery, on the right bank O'f Alabama River. Mound at Jackson's Bend, on the Coosa River. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy Natural Sciences of- Philadelphia, 1899, vol. xii. pp. 333, 346. Mound two miles N. E. of Ware's ferry on south side Ware's ferry road, Elmore county. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 43 Mound on Dozier's plantation on north side of Tallapoosa River one and a half miles from Ware, Ala. Mound in bend of Tallapoosa River, one mile south of Tuckabatchie. Mound in Jackson's Bend, Elmore county one quarter mile from Alabama River, two miles above Coosada ferry. Ex tensive village and work shop sites adjacent to this mound. All reported by Buckner Beasley, Montgomery. On the plantation of L. G. Dawson of Ware, Alabama, and located one mile due northwest from Scott's Station, Westem of Alabama Railway, (across the river) is a large domiciliary mound, now grown up in large pine trees. The mound lies due east and west and is flanked at each end by wings, or works which curve around from it in a southeasterly and southwesterly direction, the one on the west appearing to have been thrown up to shield it from the high waters of a large lake into which the high waters of the Tallapoosa River back during freshets. This (west) wing is about one fifth the size of the mound proper. The east wing is much longer and smaller, extending in the direction of, but not within fifty yards of the large lake east of the mound. The mound proper is now 196 1-3 feet long at base; 150 feet wide at west end where it adjoins the wing; 143 feet center diameter, at base; 50 feet greater length at top and flat; about 18 feet high, the general outline of mound proper is elliptical. South of the mound the ground for one and a half to two acres is much lower than that above (north), showing that the material used in constructing it was obtained here. Evidences of aboriginal occupancy are to be seen northeast, east, and southeast of the site. Two slate hoes were found by Mr. Beasley and Mr. Horton, March 20, 1910. Reported by Buckner Beasley, E. C. Horton, and P. A. Bran non, Montgomery. Gbeene. A group of mounds on the Black Warrior River, near Knox ville, in the northeast corner of the County. Reported by B. A. Smith. Mound on Warrior River, about a half mile below Steph ens' Bluff. n. u- u r>- Old fortification on the Tombigbee River, three miles southwest of Forkland. In V. Gayle Snedicor's Directory of Greene County (1856), pp. 71-73. Indian burial-ground near Sardis Church. In Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1899-1900, vol. iv., p. 235. 44 HANDBOOK, 1910. Mound at Cook's landing, Tombigbee River. Described by Clarence B. Moore, In Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1901, vol. xi, p. 505. Camp site, at East Bluffport landing, Tombigbee River. Ibid. p. 505; figure. Brasfield mound, about one half mile northeast from Bras- field landing, Tombigbee River. Clarence B. Moore, who per sonally examined it, says : "This mound and the Grant mound near the North of the St. John's River, Florida, are the most impressive in appearance it has been our fortune to meet with. The mound, on land high above the wash of freshets, has to-day as sharp an outline, practically, as when it was completed." Ibid. pp. 506-507. Mound at Cole's landing, Tombigbee River. Ibid. p. 507. Mounds near McAlpin's woodyard. Warrior River. Ibid. 1905, vol. xiii, p. 126. Mound near Stephens' Bluff, Warrior River. Ibid, p. 127. Mound at Calvin's landing. Warrior River. Ibid, p. 127. Hale. Mounds and cemeteries, in Tuscaloosa and Hale counties, near Moundsville (old Carthage), Hale county. Noticed in Pickett's Alabama (1st ed.), vol. i, p. 168; Owen's edition (1900), p. 151. See also Thruston's Antiquities of Ten nessee (1897), pp. 186-187, 333-334, and Brewer's Alabama, p. 271. In 1905 and 1906 these mounds were fully explored by Mr. Clarence B. Moore, who published the results in Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1905 and 1907, vol. xiii, pp. 128-243, 337-405. In a private letter to P. A. Brannon, Secretary of the Ala bama Anthropological Society, Mr. Moore says : "I do not think in the Southern States there is a group of Mounds to compare to Moundville, in the arrangement and state of preservation of the mounds." "The time will come when the State of Alabama will regret not having purchased and preserved these wonderful Monu ments." Mound at Areola, Warrior River. Mounds near Cardy's landing. Mound below lock No. 7. Mound near Bohannon's landing. Mound in Moundville. Ibid. p. 126, 127, 243. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 45 Henet. Mound on Chattahoochee River, one and a half miles below Columbia, on property of W. L. Crawford. Domiciliary. Explored and described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1907, vol. xiii, pp. 444-446. Four mounds near Purcell's landing, Chattahoochee River. Ibid. p. 446. Houston. Mound near Fullmore's upper landing, on the property of Mr. Cay Thompson, of Columbia, Ala., and S. of S. W. about a mile and a half from the landing. Demolished in the ex ploration. Eixplored and described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1907, vol. xiii, pp. 438-444; figures. Mounds on the Green Pate place. One large mound and some small mounds adjacent. Located on the old Green Pate place in the Choctawhatchee swamp on east side of the river. Near the Newton and Geneva dirt road. About 40 by 60 feet in area and 15 to 30 feet in height. Covered with oak and gum trees. Partially explored. Human bones, beads and pottery found. Seems to have been covered with a layer of ashes or charcoal. One skeleton found in it, showing a very large frame. Skeleton is now in Ozark in possession of a physician. Reported by J. F. Pouncey and Dr. J. H. Lingo, Daleville, Ala. Mound on T. J. Watson's farm, located about six miles northeast of Dothan on the west side and about a half mile from Omussee Creek. Originally 30 feet or more in diam eter, and 5 feet high, but now much wom down. Traces of an Indian village near the mound. Reported by Prof. Henry S. Halbert from conversations with J. O. Singleton, of Kinsey, a village in the vicinity of the mound. Jackson. Mound on west bank of Tennessee River, one mile above Bridgeport. . Three small mounds on west bank of Tennessee River, three miles below Bridgeport. . Two mounds on west bank of Tennessee River, just above Widow's Creek. 4. r o^. ^« Mound on west bank of Tennessee River, due east of Steven son. 46 HANDBOOK, 1910. Mound on east bank of Tennessee River nearly opposite last, belO'W the mouth of Morgan's Creek. Three small mounds on west bank of Tennessee River, at Sublette ferry, near Bellefonte. All reported by James Mooney, Bureau of Ethnology. Jeffekson. Group of mounds in T. 17 S., R. 1 W., about four miles north of Birmingham and west of the South and North Ala bama Railroad (L. & N.) Described by William Gesner, in Smithsonian Beport, 1881, p. 616. Large quadrangular mound a few miles from Elyton. Mentioned in Pickett's Alabama (1st. ed.), vol. i, p. 178; Owen's edition (1900), p. 159. Mounds and "furnaces'' on Village Creek. General mention by C. McKinley. The Talley mounds near old Jonesborough (southwest from Bessemer), on Sec. 8, T. 19, S., R. 4 W. In Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, pp. 290-292; figures. An Indian grave beside an old trail on a small ridge near Bullard's shoals on Valley Creek. It is covered with stones, and around it in a crescent or half-moon-shape is a rude stone rampart. Several graves on Red mountain near Red Gap, in Sec. 31, T. 19 S. R. 4, W., East and opposite the Thomas McAdory place. Reported by Thomas M. Owen. Laudeedale. The "Douglass Mounds" near lock No. 10 of the Muscle Shoals Canal, twelve miles east of Florence. In Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91 pp. 284-285. Hexagonal mound surrounded by a wall, on the bank of the Tennessee near Florence. Figured and described in Squier and Davis's Andent Monu ments of the Mississippi Valley (1848), pp. 109-110. See also Pickett's Alabama (1st ed.), vol. i, pp. 168; Owen's edition (1900), p. 151; and Thruston's Antiquities of Tennessee (1897), p. 274. "Stafford Mound" (or shell-heap), a mile south of Flor ence on the bank of the Tennessee River. In Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, pp. 283-284. See also Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1899-1900, vol. iv., p. 236. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 47 Lee. W^orkshop, east of Youngsborough, on the Western Rail road, at the foot of Storey's ^Mountain, T. 19, N., R. 37, E. Brief notice by William Grcsner, in Smithsonian Beport, 1879, p. 443. Milage sites extending North of Phoenix City along the Chattahoochee River for several miles. Numbers of discs, arrow-points and spear-heads to be found in this locality. Reported by Peter A. Brannon, Montgomery. Mound and cemetery near mouth of Soap or Wacoochee Creek. Figured and described by Peter A. Brannon in American Anthropologist, April-June, 1909, vol. xi, pp. 188-9. Large aboriginal town site, located on the plantation of a Mr. Powledge, near Wacoochee Valley. Numbers of fine ar row-points and spear-heads found here. Reported by Mr. Brannon. Lowndes. Village site, or burial-ground, in the northeastern corner of the county, on the south bank of the Alabama River, at the junction of Pintlala Creek with the river, in which human bones inclosed in double pots, and ashes, have been found. IMound in the southem part of the county, on Mussel Creek, on land of Fisher Merritt, in T. 13 N., R. 14 E. ^lound on Big Swamp Creek, in the centre of the county, in T. 14 N., R. 14 E. ]\Iound in the northern part, on the Alabama River, be tween \\'hitehall and Benton. Brief mention of the three mounds by W. M. Garrett, in Smithsonian Beport, 1879, p. 443. "\\'orkshops," near Mount Willing, one on Mr. Hartley's plantation. Sec. 36, T. 13 N., R. 13 E., and one on Mr. Lee's plantation. Sec. 33, T. 13 N., R. 14 E. Ibid. Macon. Group of three mounds, ten miles below Little Tallassee, on the Alabama River. In Schoolcraft's History Indian Tribes, (1856), vol. 5, p. 282. Two mounds near Hornady, the larger mound located about one and a half miles east of Hornady, one hundred feet north of the Western Railway of Alabama, and one-fourth of a mile south of Eufaube Creek, on land belonging to Dr. Baker of Gadsden. It is almost circular at the base, but is flat on 48 HANDBOOK, 1910. top, the sides sloping uniformly all around. It is 600 feet in circumference at the base and 35 feet high. The summit plateau is 45 feet square. The smaller mound is about one hundred and fifty yards east of the larger one, and on the opposite side of a small stream. It has been worn down considerably by cultivation. Mound near Shorter, located on the south bank of the Tal lapoosa River one and one-half miles north of Shorter and one-half mile from the mouth of Calebee Creek on the land of Mr. J. C. Pinkston. Its south side rests directly on the bank of the river, but at its base on the other side it is circu lar in form. Its diameter north and south is 100 feet and east and west 150 feet. It slopes gradually on all sides to the top plateau, which is 50 feet square. It is 10 feet high. On the west side of the mound is a winding trench about 3 feet deep leading from the top of the mound to the base. In the center of the mound is a small hole which is similar to holes left by decayed trees. Mound on land of Mrs. F. M. Letcher, located in woods on what is known as the Cloud place, now belonging to Mrs. F. M. Letcher, about three miles from Shorter, and one-half mile from Calebee Creek. It is 6 feet high and 135 feet in circumference at the base. Its shape is a round-topped cone and would be classed as a conical mound. In the center of the mound a hole about 5 feet deep, 6 feet long and 3 feet wide has been dug. The four mounds last above described reported by J. T. Letch er, Esq., Montgomery, by whom they have been personally ex amined. Madison. Mounds on Jones's plantation, near Newmarket. Mounds at Hazel Green, on the old Jeffries place. Reported by Gilbert Thompson, U. S. Geological Survey. Shell-heaps at Huntsville. Reported by Dr. E. Palmer, Smithsonian Institution. Large shell-heap on the north bank of the Tennessee River, near Whitesburg. In Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, p. 285. Huntsville Cave, a short distance from the Spring, "a great natural curiosity, and affords the mineralogical student a rich harvest in limestone formations and fossil remains." In William's Huntsville Directory, 1859, p. 19. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 49 Makengo. Choctaw cemetery in the north central part of the county. uescnbed by H. S. Halbert, in American Antiquarian, 1896, vol. xviii, p. 332. Indian burial-ground near Prairieville. In Transactions Alabarna Historical Society, 1899-1900 vol. iv., p. 236. Mounds near Spragins' mill on the Tombigbee River, about eight miles below Demopolis. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1901, vol. xi, pp. 507-508. Large number of mounds about one-half mile in southerly direction from Bickley's landing, Tombigbee River. Ibid. pp. 511-514. Mound on the Watters' plantation. Mound below Horse Creek. Mounds near mouth of Beaver Creek. Mounds near Beckenridge landing. Mounds near Rembert's landing. Ibid. 1905, vol. xiii, pp. 267, 269-276. Mabion. Mound on Military Road, a few yards from crossing of Buttahatchee River about three miles south of Hamilton. On the south bank of the stream and north of road. This is a small mound, perhaps 30 or 40 feet in diameter, and now not more than 10 or 15 feet high. Close up to the bank, evidently built for defense. Reported by T. W. Smith, Ensley, Ala. Maeshall. Burial-cave, known as "Hampton Cave," about one mile west of Guntersville. In Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, p. 285. See also Brewer's Alabama, p. 333; and O. D. Street, in Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1899-1900, vol. iv., p. 194, note. Camping ground of the Cherokee Indians at Gunter's land ing, one mile east of Guntersville. Dr. E. Palmer's field notes, 1883. Mounds on the Tennessee River. Mentioned in Brewer's Alabama, v- 383 ^,- , . , „„ See also O. D. Street in Transactions Alabama Historical So ciety, 1899-1900,' vol. iv., p. 194 note. Burial-cave on the north bank of Tennessee River, just above the mouth of Paint Rock River on the farm of John H. West. 4 A 50 HANDBOOK, 1910. Referred to by O. D. Street, in Transactions Alabama Histori cal Society, 1899-1900, vol. iv., p. 194 note. Shell-deposits occurring frequently along the Tennessee River and its larger tributaries, in which are sometime found human skeletons. Ibid, p. 194. Small mound on farm of M. M. Downey on Paint Rock River, about 10 feet in diameter and 3 feet high ; said to cover Indian graves. Three graves at the "Old Missionary" inclosed with stones; said to be the graves of Indians buried there in the early part of this century. Group of three mounds on the farm of Thomas M. Patter son, two miles south of Guntersville in southeast portion Sec. 15, T. 8, R. 3 E. The largest is about 40 feet in diameter and at present 6 or 8 feet high; the two smaller stand close together about fifty yards north of the first, and have been par tially explored, lumps of galena, beads and bones being found. The largest has never been opened. All have been plowed over for years, which has considerably reduced their height. They stand on the first bend above the Brown's Creek bottom. Group of four or five mounds in the south bend of Tennes see River on the farm of R. M. Reives about three miles above Guntersville. All have been plowed over for years and occa sionally human bones are turned up. Reported by O. D. Street, Guntersville, Ala. Mobile. Large shell-heap at the south end of the county on the north side of Bayou Coq d'Inde, near its mouth, a few miles from Bayou la Batre. Described by Maj. W. T. Walthall, in Mobile Tribune, Aug. 11, 1859. Reprinted in 16th Beport Peabody Museum, pp. 186-189. Also reported by Charles Mohr, in Smithsonian Beport, 1881, p. 619. This, the next and other mounds on the Portersville coast have been much reduced by being used to make local shell- roads. In them have been found much pottery, clay-heads, ducks and other ornaments, and sometimes human bones. Shell-heaps along the coast, one of them at the mouth of. Bayou Como. Ibid. An earth mound surrounded by a shell-mound near Mobile. Mentioned by W. S. McNeil, Mobile, Ala. A burial-ground, near Mount Vernon, about thirty miles from Mobile and three miles from the Alabama River. Reported by Charles Mohr, In Smithsonian Beport^ 1881, p. 619. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 51 Shell-banks on the north side of Dauphine Island at the landing, over grown with cedars. From here was obtained by burning, much of the lime for building Fort :\Iorgan and Gaines. ^ ^ Nannahubba Bluff was an Indian burying-ground, and there and in what is now a cotton field, near the county line have been found many arrow-points and other Indian re mains. Shell-mounds at Shell Beach on Fowl River about a mile south of the country bridge to :Mon Louis Island. Reported by Peter J. Hamilton, Mobile, Ala. Piles of human bones gave the first name of Massacre Is land to what is now known as Dauphine ; but they cannot now be identified. This was at the S. W. extremity, which is much exposed to storms and has probably been washed away. In Hamilton's Colonial Mobile, p. 30. Mound at Twenty-One-^Iile Bluff, Mobile River, about three hundred yards west of the landing. Shell-banks and Indian remains in the county, passim. In Hamilton's Colonial MobUe, pp. 92, 152, 384, 715, 6, 340. Mound near Twenty-Four-Mile Bend. ^Mobile River, about three-quarters of a mile in a westerly direction from the land ing. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1899, vol. xi, p. 291. Certain aboriginal remains. Mobile Bay. Mound near Coden Bayou. Mound near Bayou la Batre. Shell-deposit on Dauphine Island. Ibid. 1905, vol. xiii, pp. 279-296. Mound at Nannahubba Bluff, located on the Tombigbee about t^vo hundred and fifty yards west of the river, and about two and a half miles east of Calvert. It is circular, about 40 feet in diameter at the base, and about 12 feet high. Not known to have been explored. Reported by Prof. Henry S. Halbert, Montgomery, from con versations with W. A. J. Holmes, Creola, Ala. MONBOK Mound about one-half mile from the mouth of Little River. on the left hand side going up, in which human bones, pot tery, shells, etc., have been found. Mound about one mile in a southerlv direction from Pott s landing, Alabama River. 52 HANDBOOK, 1910. Cemetery at Nancy Harris landing, Alabama River. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1899, vol. xi, pp. 291-296; fig ures. MONTGOMEEY. Group of five mounds, nine miles southwest of Montgom ery, on the bank of the Alabama River. In Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, pp. 289-290. Four mounds on the Charlotte Thompson place, about six miles below Montgomery on the left side of the Alabama River. Mound on the Rogers' place, Alabama River, about one mile east from the Charlotte Thompson mounds. Two mounds in Thirty-Acre Field, Alabama River, about one mile below the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers. Mound on Big Eddy, Alabama River, about one-half mile southwesterly from mound in Thirty-Acre Field. All described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1899 vol. xi, pp. 319-346; figures. Two mounds originally on Alabama River "just below and adjoining Montgomery," but now removed. In Blue's History of Montgomery (1878), p. 4. See also reference to by Dr. W. S. Wyman in Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1897-98, vol. ii, p. 31. Old Augusta mound. Referred to by Dr. W. S. Wyman in Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1897-1898, vol. ii, p. 30; note. Mound on the plantation of Robert Woolfolk, on the Wire road, about eight miles from Montgomery. Located one mile north of the road on a small branch, tributary to Catoma Creek. A few surface finds have been picked up here. Reported by Peter A. Brannon, Montgomery. Large elliptical mound on the south bank of the Tallapoosa River, on the plantation of Mrs. Fanny Dreyspring, known as the Goodwin place. Located about one mile by river below the site of old Augusta town, about three-fourths of a mile from the Ware's ferry road, and one hundred and fifty feet from the river bank. It is now covered by very large trees. No exploration has been attempted, except for several trial holes appear to have been sunk in the top. The mound is domiciliary, and a town site lies to the east and northeast. It is 471/^ by 87i^ feet on the top, 150>4 feet long at the base and 133 ft. through center at base, and 30 feet high, and is one ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 53 of the largest in this section. The perfectly oval outline is still noticeable. A well defined pathway leading from the mound to a spring under the bluff of the river is still to be seen. Two mounds, one large domiciliary, and one small burial (now almost obliterated), immediately in the fork of the Ware's ferry and the I\Iount IMeigs Station road, and one-half mile from the site of Old Augusta town on the Tallapoosa River. No exploration work has been done here, though some finds have been made in the smaller mound, which is now cov ered by a cattle enclosure. On the larger mound is .1 three- room negro cabin, and a garden. While not as high as the Goodwin mound, it is equally as large and is rectangular in shape. It is of the domiciliary class, and is flat on top. Reported by Peter A. Brannon, Montgomery. Large town site and burial-mound, one half mile in the rear of the negro quarters on the road, to Scott Station, through the old Cowles place, now owned by Mrs. Fanny Dreyspring. Located immediately on the bank of the Tallapoosa River, at a slight bend known as Cowles Bend. Mr. Brannon in describing them says: "]\Iore evidences of aboriginal occu pancy are to be found here than at any other point I ever visited." Reported by Mr. Brannon. Small mound on south side Catoma Creek, fifty yards above Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge. Two small mounds in cane-brake, one-half mile above Thirty-Acre mound. Mound in woods, one mile above Thirty-Acre mound. Mound in swamp on Parker's Island, or Parker's Bend, one mile from junction of Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers. Mound on west side lower Wetumpka road on County Pris on No. 4 farm, one quarter mile south of Hughes' ferry on Tallapoosa River. Extensive workship site on Prison Farm No. 4, one-eighth mile west of above mound. Two mounds on east side lower ^^^etumpka road on the farm of Prison No. 4, one-half mile south of Hughes' ferry on Tallapoosa River. ,,,,., Mound on south side Tallapoosa River one and a half miles above Hughes' ferry. .,7 . , a Mound in field fifty yards west of lower Wetumpka road, opposite County Prison No. 4. Mound two miles south of Hope Hull, Ala., on Wadsden All reported by Buckner Beasley, treasurer, Alabama Anthro pological Society, Montgomery. 54 HANDBOOK, 1910. Mound and village site on west side Jackson's ferry road, one mile south of Jackson's ferry. Mound on east side Jackson's ferry road, one mile south of ferry, fifty yards from road. Mound on East side Jackson's ferry road, one quarter mile from ferry, fifty yards from road. Reported by Buckner Beasley, Sam Englehardt and John E. Scott, Montgomery. Pickens. Mound at Carrollton. Reported by Thomas M. Owen, Montgomery. Mounds near Goose Pond, in a swamp, about one mile westerly from McFatton landing on the Tombigbee River. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1901, vol. xi, p. 503. Seven mounds near the confluence of Blubber Creek and the Tombigbee River. Ibid. p. 504; plan. Mound one half mile easterly from Summerville landing. Domiciliary. Ibid. p. 505. Mound at Windham landing on property of W. B. Peebles. Ibid. p. 505. Pike. Large red clay mound on Indian Creek at the junction of a small creek with that stream, one half mile below the point where the Troy and Orion public road crosses Indian Creek. Located on the plantation of Fox Henderson, of Troy. No scientific exploration. Some beads and a pot found there some years ago. Visited by Dr. Hamilton Weedon and Peter A. Brannon, 1907. Small village site, immediately east of the mound. Reported by Peter A. Brannon, Montgomery. Three mounds on Indian Creek twelve miles west of Troy, abo've the Troy and Orion road, on the plantation of W. A. J. Mills, of Pike County, Ala. No exploration. Reported by Mr. Brannon. Four mounds (now destroyed by exploration and cultiva tion), located on plantation of John Green, nine miles north west of Troy, on Beeman's Creek. A fine perforated axe, a large double-edge chisel, with perforation for handle, and sev eral large grey stone single edge chisels, have been found here. Reported by Mr. Brannon. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 55 Randolph. Prehistoric antiquities. About seven miles northeast of Wedowee, on land owned by I^Ir. G. O. Hill, and about half a mile southwest of his former residence, is a circular struc ture, about an acre in area. It is made of stones, and is about 2 or 3 feet high, having two entrances, one on the east and the other on the west. Running from the structure to the northeast, is a series of stone piles, 3 or 3 feet high, and about a hundred yards, more or less, apart. These stone piles making a straight line, have been traced a mile, running to the north east. Another series, likewise runs from the circular stone structure to the southwest. Reported by Prof. H. S. Halbert from information given by Mr. J. M. Boggs, of Delta, Randolph County, who described them as they existed in 1878 in a primeval forest. Whether the lands are now in cultivation he does not know. Russell. Mound and cemetery at Abercrombie landing, on Chatta hoochee River. Located about fifty yards from the river bank, and on property of Mrs. Mary D. Hall, of Atlanta, Ga. Explored and described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1907, vol. xiii, pp. 449-450. Three mounds just off the public road from Uchee post-of fice to Hatchechubbee, on the plantation of !Mrs. Albion Hixon of the latter place. These are probably domiciliary, as num bers of surface finds have been recovered in the immediate vicinit}', and on the south bank of the Uchee Creek nearby. A very fine white quartz discoidal stone, 6 inches in diameter, half a dozen large calumet pipes, several large chisels, and numbers of very fine flint arrow-points and spear-heads have been found here. Reported by Peter A. Brannon, Montgomery. Shelby. Stone heap, about one mile east of Siluria, on the South and North Alabama Railroad (L. & N.), in T. 21 S., R. 3 W. Noted by William Gesner, in Smithsonian Beport, 1881 p. 617. SUMTEB. The "Cedar Hammock Group," situated on Sec. 5, T. 17 N. R. 1 E., consisting of some small mounds. InT-welfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, p. 286. , ,. :\Iound about one half mile southeast of Hilman s landing, Tombigbee River. 56 HANDBOOK, 1910. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1901, vol. xi, p. 505. Three mounds one and a half miles southwest of Simmons' landing, Tombigbee River. Ibid. pp. 508-509. Number of mounds on Cedar Ridge near West Pace's land ing, Tombigbee River. Ibid. p. 509. Mound near Moscow, about one mile westerly from the landing on the Tombigbee River. Ibid. pp. 509-510. Mound near confluence of the Sukenatcha River with the Tombigbee River. Ibid. pp. 510-511. Mound at Bryan's barn one half mile W. N. W. from the landing on the Tombigbee River. Ibid. p. 511. Ancient earthworks. About a mile southeasterly of the mouth of Quilby Creek are the remains of a circular embank ment, about 100 yards in diameter, with a ditch on the outside.. About sixty feet northwest of this enclosure is a mound, and about thirty feet to the northeast an everflowing spring. In 1833, the embankment was about 6 feet high, with large forest trees growing on it. The mound then about 8 feet high. This description of these ancient works was given to H. S. Halbert, in 1900, by the late Captain James M. Winston, of Sumter county. Talladega. Old Creek settlement on the bank of Talladega Creek, four miles southeast of Talladega, at Cragsdale, at which bones, shell ornaments and pottery have been found. In Twelfth Annual Beport Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-91, p. 290. Mounds and Indian cemetery in the vicinity of Talladega. Reported by John P. Rogan and Dr. E. Palmer. Ancient mica quarry in Sec. 13, T. 30 S., R. 6 E. Noted by William Gesner, in Smithsonian Beport, 1879, pp. 382, 443. Workshops in T. 18 S., R. 7 E., on the headwaters of Talla dega Creek, at the eastern end of Cedar Ridge. Ibid. 1881, p. 617. A group of mounds "orderly arranged," fifteen miles south west of Oxford, on south bank of Choccoloco Creek. Noted by Elston Lutrell, in Smithsonian Beport, 1882, p. 827. ALABAMA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 57 A shell bed at Fort Williams on the Coosa River, Sec. 6 or 7, T. 33 S., R. 2 E. Mentioned in Michael Tuomey's Second Biennial Beport on the Geology of Alabama (1858), p. 157. Indian village on Talia sahatchie creek, bordering on the Sycamore and Childersburg road, and thirteen miles south west of Talladega. In Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1899-1900, vol. iv, pp. 237-41. Tallapoosa. Aboriginal soapstone quarry, not definitely located. Mentioned by Charles Mohr, in Smithsonian Beport, 1881, pp. 617-618. In the Alabama State Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, is one of the largest known Indian mortars. It is of soapstone. and came from Tallapoosa county. Tubcaixxisa. Mounds, Indian remains, the "Alabama Stone." In Thomas Maxwell's T-uscaloosa, Alaba-ma Historical So ciety, 1876, passim. Figures. Indian graves on H. \\'ynn"s plantation. In Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1899-1900, vol. iv., pp. 236-237. Indian camps on the Warrior River. Mentioned in Transactions Alabama Historical Society, 1850- 1897, vol. i. Old fortffication in Tuscaloosa County. Described by R. S. Owen, in Transactions Alaba-ma Historical Society, 1899-1900, vol. iv., p. 237. ;Mound near Gray s landing. Warrior River. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1905, vol. xiii, p. 127. Mound near :McCowan's Bluff, Warrior River. Ibid. p. 243. Mound near R. H. Foster landing. Warrior River. Ibid. :Mound near Jones' ferry landing. Warrior River. Ibid. Mound near Hill's gin landing, Warrior River. Ibid. Cemetery above and below Foster's ferry land bridge. Ibid. p. 244. 58 HANDBOOK, 1910. Washington. Mounds at Three Rivers landing, Tombigbee River. Mound near Gaines' landing. Mound near Bolan's wood yard. Mound opposite Peavey's landing. Mound near Sinta Bogue Creek. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1905, vol. xiii, pp. 248, 258, 262- 263. Wilcox. Mounds near Webb's landing, Alabama River, about three- quarters of a mile in a northwesterly direction. Mound near Buford's landing, Alabama River, fifteen miles in a southerly direction. Mound on Burford's plantation, on right bank of Alabama River, one half mile below Holly ferry. Four mounds near Mathew's landing from one of which twenty-three burials are noted. Described by Clarence B. Moore, in Journal Academy of Na- Sciences of Philadelphia, 1899, vol. xi, pp. 296-302; figures. INDEX. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Collections of, 17. Active Members, 12. Alabama Anthropological Society. Collections of, 18. Committees, 5, 7. Constitution, 5. Dues, 6. Executive Committee, 5. Meetings, 6, 9, 10, IL Members, 5, 10, 12. Name, 5, 9. Objects, 5. Officers, 5, 7. Organization, 9. Papers before, 10, 11. Alabama Department of Archives and History, Collections of, 18, 19, 25, 35. Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Collections of, 18. Amendments, 6. American Museum of Natural His tory. Collections of, 19. Associate Members, 12. Andrews. D. M., 7, 11. Sketch of, 12. Aunspaugh, Miss Leila, 27. Autauga County. Relics from, 31. Baldwin County. Mounds in, 36. Relics from, 17, 19, 27, 31. Barbour County. Mounds in, 38. Relics from, 17, 82. Battle, Herbert B., 7, 9, 11. Sketch of, 13. Beasley, Buckner, 7, 9, 11. Collections of, 22. Mounds reported by, 43, 53, 54. Sketch of, 13. Berlin, A. F., 12. Blount County. Mounds in, 38. Relics from, 31. Brame, J. Y., Jr., 7, 11. Sketch of, 13. Collections of, 20. Brannon, Peter A., 7. 9, 11, 44. Collections of, 20. Mounds reported by, 41, 43, 47, 52-55.Sketch of, 14. Brown, Prof. R. L., 18. Bullock County. Mounds in, 39. Butler County. Moimds in, 39. Relics from, 32. Calhoun County. Mounds in, 39. Chambers, W. J., Collections of, 23. Cherokee County. Mounds in, 39. Relics from, 25, 31. Chilton County. Mounds in, 39. Choctaw County. Moimds in, 40. Relics from, 32. Clarke County. Moimds in, 40. Relics from, 28. Clay County. Mounds in, 40. Relics from, 32. CofEee County. Moimds in, 40. Colbert County. Mounds in, 41. Relics from, 31, 32. Collections in Alabama, 17. Collectors in Alabama, 17. Committees, 7, 10. Conecuh County. Mounds in, 41. Relics from, 32. Constitution of the Society, 5, 9. Coosa County. Relics from, 32. (50) 60 INDEX. Counties of Alabama. Mounds and prehistoric works in, 36. University of Alabama collect ions by counties, 31-34. Covington County. Mounds in, 41. Crenshaw County. Mounds in, 41. Relics from, 32. Cunningham, K. M., 31. Dale County. Mounds in, 41. Dallas County. Mounds in, 42. Relics from, 31, 32. Davenport Academy of Sciences. Collections of, 23, 41. Dingley, Wm. H., 24. Dreyspring, Ernst, 12. Dues, 6. Ellsberry, J. A., 12. Elmore Clounty. Mounds in, 42. Relics from, 24, 25, 31, 32. Englehardt, Samuel M., 7, 11. Sketch of, 14. Collections of, 24. Mounds reported by, 54. Etowah County. Relics from, 28, 29, 32. Executive Committee, 5. Fayette County. Relics from, 32. Fort Jackson, 42. Port Toulouse, 42. Gaines, A. S., 31. Grand Lodge of Alabama, Collec tions of, 24. Gray, Wm. H., Jr., Collections of, 24. Greene County. Mounds in, 43. Relics from, 17. Greene, Peter A., 21. Halbert, Henry S., 7, 9, 10, 11. Mounds reported by, 38, 39, 41, 42, 45, 49, 51, 55, 56. Sketch of, 14. Hale County. Mounds in, 44. Relics from, 17, 29, 30, 31. Hale, H. B., 24. Hamilton, Peter J., 12, 37, 51. Happer, Mrs. F. H., 27. Henry County. Mounds in, 45. Relics from, 26. Holmes, Dr. Wm. H., 12. Honorary Members, 12. Horton, E. C, 7, 9, 11. Sketch of, 15. Mounds reported by, 43. Houston County. Mounds in, 45. Jackson County. Mounds in, 45. Jackson, Young, Collections of, 19, 25. Jefferson County. Mounds in, 46. Relics from, 28, 31. Jones, Charles C, 20, 25. Jones, Charles B., 20. Collections of, 25. Lauderdale County. Mounds in, 46. Relics from, 23, 31. Lee County. Mounds in, 47. Relics from, 21, 22. Letcher, J. T., 7, 9, 11. Sketch of, 15. Mounds reported by, 47-48. Lindsey, Richard, Collections of, 26. Lowndes County. Mounds in, 47. Relies from, 21, 23. Lyon, Prof. Scott C, 12. McCaffrey, George, 12. McCormack, Carr, 12, Collections of, 26. McCormick, Dr. J. H., 12. McNeel, Allen M., Collections of, 27. Macon County. Mounds in, 47. Madison County. Mounds in, 48. Relics from, 31. Marengo County. Mounds in, 49. Relics from, 33. Marion County. Mounds in, 49. Relics from, 33. INDEX. 61 Marshall County. Mounds in, 49. Relics from, 31. Mauvila, 40. Meetings, 6, 9, 10, 11. Members, 5, 10, 12. Active, 12. Associate, 12. Honorary, 12. Meyers, Dr. L. F., Collections of, 28. Miller, F. W., Collections of, 26. Mobile County. Mounds in, 50. Relics from, 17, 18, 27, 33. Mobile Y. M. C. A., Collections of, 27, 37. Monroe County. Mounds in, 51. Mooney, James, 12. Mounds reported by, 46. Montgomery County. Mounds In, 52. Relics from, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 27. Moore, Clarence B., 12, 36, 37, 40, 42, 44, 45, 49, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58. Moorehead, Prof. Warren K., 12, 28. Morgan County. Relics from, 31. Mounds In Alabama, 36. Officers of the Society, 5, 7, 9. Organization of the Society, 9. Owen, Thomas M., 7, 9, 10, 11. Sketch of, 15. Collections of, 28. Mounds reported by, 46, 54. Owen, Thomas M., Jr., 12. Papers read, 10, 11. Parrish, James S., Sketch of, 16. Patterson, J. H., 9, 12. Phillips Academy, Collections of, 28. Pickens County. Mounds in, 54. Pike County. Mounds in, 54. Relics from, 21. Prehistoric Works in Alabama, 86. Putnam, Dr. F. W., 12. Randolph County. Mounds in, 55. Russell County. Mounds in, 55. Relics from, 17, 18, 26. St. Clair County. Relics from, 31, 33. Scott, John E., 7, 11. Collections of, 24. Mounds reported by, 54. Sketch of, 16. Sheehan, Will T., 9, 12. Shelby County. Mounds in, 55. Shellheaps and Shellbanks, 27, 36-37. Shulein, Sidney, 9, 12. Sketches of Members, 12-16. Skinner, Alanson, 19. Smith, Dr. E. A., 12, 31. Mounds reported by, 39, 43. Smith, Herbert A., 31. Street, Oliver D., 12, 49-50. Sumter County. Mounds in, 55. Swanton, John R., 12. Talladega County. Mounds in, 56. Relics from, 31. Tallapoosa County. Mounds in, 57. Relics from, 31, 33. Tappey, Rev. Francis, 12. Collections of, 29. Teague. Robert S., 12. Thruston. Gen. G. P., 12. Collections of, 29. Topics discussed, 10, 11. Tuscaloosa County. Mounds in, 57. Relics from, 17, 33. Vanderbilt University, 29. Walker County. Relics from, 18. Washington County. Mounds in, 58. Relics from, 34. Weeden, Dr. H. JL. Collections of, 34. Whelpley, Dr. H. M., 12, Col lections of, 35. 62 INDEX. Wilcox County. Mounds in, 58. Relics from, 31, Williams, John C, 35. 34. Collections of, Winston County. Relics from, 31. Wyman, Dr. William S., 12.