3 9002 07877 0782 li"S """i l"^|i|llli|^"M||||i'^S,i|ll|i,^S,i|ll|i|S:'i|lll',S,|llll,,^'ll '¦«&, M s»^.alli^JLsJai.s.iBBi.sjiii.3rjiihK nixs oSar .„;^ i THE WALPOLE SOCIETY m m THE It CERAMIC COLLECTORS' B GLOSSARY Ml m EEEHEEEBEBBEEEBEB I YALE UNIVERSITY! >SCHOOL OF THE FINE ARTS < THE CERAMIC COLLECTORS' GLOSSARY THE WALPOLE SOCIETY THE CERAMIC COLLECTORS' GLOSSARY BY EDWIN ATLEE BARBER NEW YORK PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY M C M X I V COPYRIGHT NOVEMBER, I 9 I 4 BY THE WALPOLE SOCIETY THE WALPOLE SOCIETY Edwin AtLee Barber Francis H. Bigelow Dwight Blaney Richard A. Canfield Thomas B. Clarke George M. Curtis Henry W. Erving Harry Harkness Flagler Hollis French Norman M. Isham Henry Watson Kent Luke Vincent Lockwood George S. Palmer Arthur Jeffrey Parsons Marsden J. Perry Albert Hastings Pitkin Charles A. Platt Frederick B. Pratt Charles R. Richards Charles H. Tyler George Parker Winship Theodore S. Woolsey PREFACE THE need of a uniform ceramic nomenclature, as an aid to the correct labeling and cataloguing of collec tions of pottery and porcelain, has become suffic iently urgent to warrant the publication by the Walpole Society of a Glossary of Ceramic Terms. While the defi nitions here furnished are, in the main, original, and include many terms never before brought together, special permission has been obtained from the Century Company for the use of copyright material, which was prepared by the present compiler, as one of the collaborators, for the new edition of the Century Dictionary. Acknowledgments are due to Cavaliere Gaetano Ballar- dini, of Faenza, Italy, for helpful suggestions relative to tech nical words in the Italian language, which pertain to the maiolica of that country. To the instructive monograph " On the Older Forms of Terra Cotta Roofing Tiles," by Prof. Edward S. Morse, the writer is indebted for much ofthe information incorporated under the heading TILE. The terms used for the standard shapes of Sevres cups, under the heading CUP, are the official names by which they are known at the Sevres manufactory. It is not claimed that the list of terms here presented is exhaustive; rather has it been considered sufficient to limit the number to those which are most likely to be needed in the work of cataloguing public and private collections. EDWIN ATLEE BARBER, Chairman RICHARD A. CANFIELD THOMAS B. CLARKE ALBERT H. PITKIN Committee on Ceramics. GLOSSARY G LO S SAR Y Acanthus Leaf. — See under Border Designs. Aftabeh (Pers.). — A vessel with o voi d body, slender neck, handle and long up right spout. Used in Persia to hold water for washing the hands. Agate Ware. — Pottery made of clays of differ ent tints "wedg ed " together, so that the colors extend through the mass in imi tation of agate. Sometimes called Solid Agate. Com pare with Combed Ware. Aiguiere (Fr.). — A vessel of ewer shape, with bulging body, foot, handle and lip. Usually of highly decorative charac ter, as the aiguieres of Henri Deux ware. Alabastron. — A bottle- shaped vessel of small size, with rounded base and disc-shaped top, for holding oil and unguents for the toilet. Usually with out handles. Originally made of alabaster. Classical. Albarello. — A cylindrical drug jar with straight or slightly concave sides. A form frequently met with in old Italian, Spanish and Mexican maiolica. Alhambra Vase. — A famous Moorish vase of tin-enameled pot tery, over four feet in height, with blue and golden lustre decorations and upright, wing-shaped handles, found under the GLOSSARY pavement of the Alhambra palace at Granada, Spain, and believed to have been made in the thirteenth cent ury. Amorino, PL. amorini (It.). The figure of a cupid in decoration. Amphora. — A vase with two handles, varying in size and style, used for holding liquids or grains. Amphorae are of various forms, known as the Panathenaic (top-shap ed), the "Tyrrhenian (ovoid), the Nolan ( with ribbed, twisted or four-sided han dles), the Apulian (with cup -shaped top and tall handles), etc. Classical. Amulet. — A charm. See Ushabti. Anglo-American Pottery. — Creamware decorated with transfer-printed de signs relating to American scenery, historical events and personages, at first in black, later in dark blue, and still later in various colors. Made by potters in Liverpool, England, from about 1790 to 1815, and by Staffordshire potters from about 1815 to 1840, for the American trade. Anona Pattern. — A design found on Chinese porcelainor stone ware, made for the Euro pean trade in the late eighteenth century, con sisting of the flower and leaves of the Anona, or custard apple, the large leaves covering almost the entire surface of a plate or platter, painted in brilliant colors. Antefix. — An ornament, such as a leaf or mask, applied to a handle of a cup, teapot, sugar bowl or vase, where it joins the body. Anthemion. — See Palmette; also Helix; under Border Designs. Apple Green. — See under Crackle. GLOSSARY Arabesque. — A florid style of ornament com posed of scrolls, strapwork and floral traceries, de veloped by Arab ian art workers. Arcanist. — A workman who carries the secrets of manu facture from one factory to another. Aretine Ware. — A fine grained co ral, or seal ing-wax red, pottery with relief decora tions borrowed from metal- work, the vessels being usually of small size. Made at Arezzo or Arc tium, Italy and elsewhere from the second century B. C. to the first century A.D. Called by some Euro pean archaeologists Terra Sigillata, because it was made of clay suitable for being impressed with seals (Sigilla), and frequently bore the stamped names of the makers. A. R. Jug. — A stoneware ves sel of globular form with cylindrical neck, and relief medallion in front bearing the initials A. R. (Anne Regina). Made in Germany (Grenzhausen District) to commemorate the reign of Queen Anne of England. Armorial China. — Chinese hard paste porcelain decorated to order with heraldic and other special designs for the European and Ameri- can markets. Late eighteenth and early nine teenth centuries (Ch'ien- lung and Chia-ch'ing peri ods). William Chaffers in his "Marks and Mono grams" improperly attrib uted this ware to Lowestoft, England. Also made at Worcester and other Eng lish factories. Arrow Holder.-A tall, cyl indrical or rectangu lar receptacle f o r arrows, usually with a separate stand or base, and frequently having a perforated railing around the GLOSSARY Artificial Soft Paste Por celain. — Fritted porce lain. A glassy porcelain made in France, England, and in other parts of Europe, during the eighteenth century, called Pate Tendre by the French. At the Worcester factory it was known as Tonquin Por celain. Aryballos. — A small oil flask, of globular form, with short, narrow neck and disc-shaped top. A flat vertical handle con nects the disc with the body. Classical. Ary De Milde Red Ware. — See Boccaro Ware. Ashes of Roses. — See under Red. Askos. — A vessel supposed to be shaped like a wine-skin, f o r holding o i 1 , a n d unguents, with arched handle extending across the top, and a tube or spout at one side. A form of sepulchral askos found at Canosa, I taly, is a large spher ical jar sur mounted by modeled fig ures. Classical. Assiette (Fr.).— A table plate or platter. Astbury Ware. — Pottery of red, gray, or buff clay, with stamped and applied orna ments of white pipe clay, made by one Astbury at Shelton, England, in the first half of the eighteenth century. Aubergine. — A deep purple color like the skin of the egg plant. First used by Chinese potters, early in the Ming dynasty, and as a ground color in the later reigns. Same as Bishop's Purple and Violet d'Eveque. Au Clou (Fr.). — Brightening gold by rubbing with an iron nail, or metal point. See Burnishing (au clou). B Bacile (It.). — A large circu lar plaque of Italian ma- iolica, such as those of Pesaro, often decorated with large paint ed heads and lustred. Baluster Jug . — A vessel with globular body spreading out above in a f u n n e 1-s h a p e d mouth, and below broad, usually crimped foot, with round loop handle. Made of white salt-glazed stoneware, at Siegburg, Germany, in the sixteenth century. Baluster Vase. — See under Vase. Bamboo Ware. — A dark shade of Cane-color Ware, which see. Barbeau (Fr.).-Corn- flower decoration, — small sprigs of in a blue, green, and red. First painted on porce lain at Sevres and later at other Euro pean and American^ factor ies. Also called Chantilly Sprig. Barberini Vase. — See Port land Vase. Barber's Basin. — See Shav ing Basin. Barbotine Ware. — Pottery painted with barbotine or liquid clay ("slip"), the underglaze decorations be ing more or less in relief, as the Barbotine ware of Haviland & Co., of Limo ges, France. Bartmann (Bearded Man). — Same as Bellarmine and Graybeard. Basal Rim. — The circular hoop or projection at the base of a cup, bowl, or other vessel, corresponding GLOSSARY to the chime of a barrel. Basaltes. — A fine grained, dense, black, vitrified, un- glazed or glazed stoneware, usually with relief designs, made by Josiah Wedgwood and his imitators, from about 1768 to 1795. Also reproduced by later potters. Called by Wedgwood " Black Basaltes," and "Egyptian Black Ware." Basket Work. — Imitation of bask e t weaving in pottery or porcelain. Batavia Ware. — A name given to a variety of hard paste porcelain made in China in the eighteenth century and the first part ofthe nineteenth, and largely carried into Europe by the Dutch East India Co., from Batavia, Java. Batavian Decoration. — A peculiar style of or- namentation on Chinese porcelain, known as Batavia ware, consisting of a bronze brown or chocolate ground color ( cafe au lait), with leaf-shaped or other reserves, in which are painted floral designs, fig ure scenes, etc., in enamel colors or blue. Bat Printing. — The process of transferring a stipple en graving from a copper plate to the surface of pottery or porcelain by means of a bat of glue or gelatine with prepared oil or tar and dust ing the transferred design with color, afterwards fixing it in the kiln. Batter Jug . — A jug with two side handles, and a tubular spout, usually made of stone- ware, for holding buckwheat batter for mak ing cakes. Bayreuth Pottery.- Brown glazed red pottery with sil ver and gold decorations in imitation of Bottger ware. Beaker.-A tall drinking vessel, or vase, with wide, open mouth. See also un der Vase. GLOSSARY Bear Jug. — A vessel in the form of a bear, used to hold liq uor or tobacco, made of brown stoneware at Not tingham, and Brampton, England, and other places, in the eighteenth and nine teenth centuries. The head, forming the cover, could be used as a drinking cup. Bellarmine. — A jug or bot tle of salt-glazed stoneware, with globular body and a grotesque mask on the front of the neck, made in Ger many, Flanders, and Eng land, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. De risively named after Cardi nal Bellarmine, who died in 1 62 1. Same as Bartmann and Graybeard. Belleek. — A thin cast por celain, closely resembling Parian and covered with bismuth lustres invented by Brianchon, a French man. Made after the mid dle ofthe nineteenth cent ury at Stoke-on-Trent, England, and at Belleek, Ireland, and later in Tren ton, New Jersey . See Brianchon, under Lustre. Belly. — The broadest part of a curved vessel, such as a jug or jar. Benitier. — A receptacle for holy water, often seen in I talian, Spanish and Mexi can maiolica, and other wares. Bennington Ware. — Parian, White Granite, and "Flint Enameled" (a fine variety of Rockingham), made at Bennington, Vt., from 1846 to 1858, by Messrs. Lyman and Fen- ton, at the United States Pottery. Berrettino, (It.). — A style of maiolica decoration used at Casa Pirota, Faenza, Italy, often in dark blue (also in other colors, as yellow, brown and green) over a lighter blue ground, heightened with white trac ery. See Sopra Azzurro. GLOS Bianchetto (It.). — Common whitish or buff pottery cov ered with a coating of fine white clay, or slip, which is first fired, then decorated with painted designs and covered with a soft lead glaze. This ware, produced in Faenza and other places in Italy, often in imitation of della Robbia ware, re sembles in external appear ance Maiolica, and is some times, but improperly, call ed Mezza Maiolica, which see. Bianco Sopra Bianco — White on white. Rais ed white slip traceries on a white or pale tinted ground. called Sopra Bianco. Biberon. — A vessel with han dle, and spout through which the contents can be drunk. The term is applied to highly decorated pieces, such as examples of Henri Deux ware. Bidet. — See Sitz Bath. Also SARY Biscuit. — Pottery or porcel ain which has been fired once, but not glazed. Bishop's Purple. — Same as Aubergine and Violet d'Eveque. Bisque. — Same as Biscuit. Black Family. — See Famille Noire. Black Figured Pottery. — Greek pottery, with black figure decoration painted on the red body. Period about 550- 300 B. C. Black (M i rr o r).- Mirror Black. See Blanc -de -Chine (Fr.). — A name applied by French collectors to plain white Chinese porcelains. Bleu Agate (Fr..). — The French name of a grayish blue ground color used at Sevres on hard paste por celains. Bleu de Roi (Fr.). — King's Blue. A deep blue seen on Sevres porcelain. Bleu de Sevres (Fr.). — Same as Bleu de Roi. GLOSSARY Bleu Fouette (Fr.).-A mot tled blue, presenting a whipped aspect, as used at the Sevres factory. The French name for Powder Blue. Bleu Nuage (Fr.).-A dark, ' mottled, or clouded blue, used on Sevres and some other porcelains. Bleu Turquoise. — A tur quoise blue color first used on soft paste Sevres por celain about the middle of the eighteenth century. Blue. — Glazes and decora tions of various shades of blue. i. Agate. See Bleu Agate. i. Clair de lune (Fr.). A pale grayish blue glaze, used in the Sung and Yuan dynasties and in the K ' a n g-h si reign (1662-1722). 3. Clouded. See Bleu Nuage. 4 Crackle. Seeunder Crackle. 5. King s. See Bleu de Roi. 6. Lapis -Lazuli. See un der Crackle. 7. Lavender. See under Crackle. 8. Mazarine . — Arich, dark, underglaze blue color, used on Chinese, European and American porcelains. 9. Mohamme dan . — A blackish blue used on Chinese porcelain of the Chia-ching and Wan-li reigns (1522- 1566). 10. Mussulman. — Same as Mohammedan. 1 1 . Peacock. — A dark, lus trous blue, of greenish hue, like the feathers of a peacock. Chinese. 12. Powder. — A fine, gray ish blue souffle, or speckled ground color. Chinese, K'ang-hsi and later reigns. 13. Robin s Egg. — Produc ed by the insufflation of blue and green glazes. Chinese, Ch'ien-lung reign. 14. Sapphire. — See under Crackle. 1 5. Scratched- See Scratch ed Blue Salt Glaze. 16. Sevres. Same as Bleu de Roi. GLOSSARY 17. Slate. — A grayish light blue. Chinese, K'ang-hsi period (1662- 1722). 18. Turquoise. — See Bleu Turquoise. 19. Whipped. — See Bleu Fouette. Blue Dragon. — A celebrated pattern printed on china by Thomas Turner, at Caughley, England, about 1780. Bocage (Fr.).-A background of foliage, as in old Chelsea fig ures and groups. English Boscage. Boccaro Ware. — A dense, red, unglazed stoneware, with relief decora tions, made at Yi-hsing, province of Kiang-nan, China, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The name was given to this ware by the Portuguese. It was imi tated by Ary de Milde, of Delft, Holland and other Dutch potters in the seven teenth century; by the Elers Brothers of Staffordshire, and by Bottger, at Dres den, in the early part of the eighteenth century. Body. — The paste or compo sition of pottery, stoneware or porcelain. 1. Artificial Soft Paste. See Artificial Soft Paste Por celain. 2. Bone. See Natural Soft Paste Porcelain. 3. Chalk. A white, brittle pottery, of chalky char acter, produced by Rob ert Wilson, of Hanley, England, about 1790- 1800. 4. Hard Paste. See Hard Paste Porcelain. 5. Kaolinic. Hard Paste. 6. Natural Soft Paste. See Natural Soft Paste Por celain. 7. Soft Paste (Artificial). See Artificial Soft Paste Porcelain. 8. Soft Paste (Natural). See Natural Soft Paste Porcelain. 9. Steatite. Porcelain con taining soapstone, as one variety of Worcester por celain of the late eigh teenth century. GLOSSARY 10. Stoneware. An opaque, vitrified, hard substance, between pottery and por celain, as Salt Glazed, Unglazed, Red, Jasper, Basaltes, Japanese and Chinese. Bombylios. — A small bottle- shaped vessel with rounded base and vertical loop handle, used for holding perfumes. Classical. Bone Body. — See Bone Por celain. Bone Porcelain. — English natural soft paste porcelain containing a large propor tion of phosphate of lime, or bone dust. This variety of porcelain followed the fritted porcelain in Eng land, in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Border Designs. — i. Acan thus L>e af. A decorative pattern consisting of jagged, pointed leaves, arranged side by side, used much by Josiah Wedgwood and his imitators, on jasper ware, etc. 2. Acanthus and Laurel. Com- posed of acanthus and laurel leaves, arranged alternately. Used by Wedgwood and his imitators. Anthemion. See Palmette, below. 4. Arabic, Mock Inscription. See Mock Arabic, below. 5. Beaded. An edging com posed of small globules set close together, like strung beads. 6. Chain. See Circle and Square, below. 7. Chevron. See Herring Bone, below. 8. Circle and Square. Inter laced circles, each enclosing a curved-sided square. Used by Josiah Wedgwood and his pupil, William Adams, of Tunstall, Eng land, on jasper ware. Also called Chain Pattern and Coin Pattern. '3 GLOSSARY 9. Crenelated. Same as Embattled. 1 o. Egg. Ovals or semi- ovals, placed side by side. Similar to the Egg and Dart pattern, without the darts. Classical. 1 1 . Egg and Dart. A border angles, arranged in a regu lar repeating pattern. Same design usedbyjosiah Wedgwood and other pot ters, consisting of alternat ing ovals and darts. Also called Egg and Tongue. Egg and Anchor. 12. Embattled. The simplest form of the Fret. 13. Festoon. Representing a heavy rope, of flowers tap ering each way from the centre, hanging loosely and caught up at each end. Used by Josiah Wedgwood and others. 14. Fret. A border orna ment composed of straight lines turning at right [^[PIMIMIImUI as Key Pattern, from its re semblance to the wards of a key ; also called Meander, Walls of Troy, and Greek Fret. 15. Guilloche. A band pat tern of classical design, rep resenting plaited or inter secting curved lines. Called also Chain-Guilloche . Found on Greek pottery and Chinese porcelain. Used also by Josiah Wedgwood and others. 16. Helix. A term some times applied to the Pal mette, which see. 17. Herring Bone. Two short straight lines meeting at an angle and repeated at equal distancts, resembling the backbone of a fish. Chinese. Classical, etc. Same as Chevron. H GLOSSARY 1 8. Honeysuckle. See Pal mette, below. 19. Hyacinth. A convention alized border, representing slender hyacinth flowers placed end to end. Used by Josiah Wedgwood, Wil liam Adams and other pot ters, on jasper ware. 20. Interlocking Circles. A graceful border pattern composed of two series of circles which touch each other, so combined that the points of contact of one set touch the centres of the circles of the other set. A pattern originated by Wil liam Adams in the late eighteenth century, and copied to some extent by Mayer; Neale & Co.; Poole, Lakin & Co. ; and by other English potters. 21. Ivy Leaf. A border com- t ¦ posed of heart-shaped leaves repeated in a band. Used extensively by early Greek potters and by Wedgwood on painted and enameled pottery. 22. Ivy Wreath. A running border pattern composed of a central undulating line from which spring on each side alternately ivy leaves and berries. Found on the ancient pottery of South Italy, etc. 23. Ju-i Head. An orna ment of cordate form, like the head of a Ju-i sceptre, repeated to form a band, as on the porcelain and stone ware of China. See Sceptre, below. 24. Key. See Fret. 25. Laurel. A band of slen der leaves alternating with flowers or berries, used by William Adams and Josiah Wedgwood. GLOSSARY 26. Leaf. Composed of pointed leaves arranged in zig-zag manner. Classical. 27. Lily. A row of four- petaled flowers, each at the end of a stalk, enclosed in an arch. Found on jasper ware made by Josiah Wedg wood. 28. Lotus. A conventional design of heart-shaped or naments used by William Adams and Josiah Wedg wood. Also found on clas sical pottery. 29. Lotus Bud. Two series of ellipses which touch each other, so combined that the points of contact of one set touch the centres of the ellipses of the other set, with lotus buds covering the points of contact. Be tween the buds are dots. Classical. 30. Meander. See Fret. 3 1 . Meander and Star. Al ii m m m ternating frets and stars. Classical. 32. Meander and Swastica. Two lines of simple frets so arranged that they form swasticas where they cross. Classical. 33. Mock Arabic. A con ventional design suggestive of an Arabic inscription, but in reality composed of regularly repeated devices of no significance. Fre quently found on Hispano- Moresco ware. See under Ground Patterns. 34. Oak Leaf and Acorn. Used by Josiah Wedg wood. 35. O. X. A handsome con ventional design resembling 16 GLOSSARY Wedgwood, Adams, and perhaps others. the letters O andX, arranged alternately. Used by William Adams and per- i,„~o „«.!,=„ : 19- Rosette. Star-shaped naps others, on jasper ware. °y r 2,6. Palmette. A fan-shaped or conventionalized honey suckle ornament, painted on Greco-Roman pottery, etc., resembling the leaf of a plant, with radiating parts, varying in number from five to fifteen. Often found on the plinths of vases made by Wedgwood, Adams, Spode, and other English potters. There are several varieties, the Cordate, the Enclosed, the Oblique, etc. Also called Anthemion. 37. Ribbon and Ivy Leaf . A handsome design used by Josiah Wedgwood. 38. Romanesque. A bold pat tern of scrolled leaves sur rounding flowers, used by flowerets arranged in a band. On Adams jasper ware, etc. 40. Sceptre. Conventionaliz ed Ju-i sceptres in profile, placed close together. Chinese. 41. Tongue. Tongue-shaped ornaments arranged side by side, sometimes alternating in color to accentuate the design. Classical and Ori ental. 42. T- Pattern. A design ]L5ir5Jl5ir£JlSl[BJl51fBJ[ composed of large T-shaped motives repeated. A vari ety of the Fret. Chinese. GLOSSARY 43. Trellis. Like lattice work. 44. Triangle. Composed of contiguous triangles, the alternate ones being re versed, each one being filled with parallel lines, which in the alternate triangles run in opposite directions. Chi nese and European. 45. Walls of Troy. See Fret. 46. Wave. A running pat tern of double scrolls, the lower series being of a dif ferent color from the re versed upper series. Clas sical. Similar to the Vit- ruvian Scroll, in Roman architecture. Boscage. — See Bocage. Bottger Ware. — A hard, dense, dark red stoneware, sus ceptible of a high pojish, made at Dres den, Germany, from about 1709 to 1 719 by Johann Friedrich Bottger, in imi tation of the Chinese Boc- caro ware. The forerunner of Dresden or Meissen por celain. See Boccaro Ware and Bayreuth Pottery. Bottle. — A hollow utensil with an ovoid, cylindrical or pear-shape body and long slender neck, and possessing a flat or rounded base. Bouquetier (Fr.). — A bou quet holder. Also a flower pot, or vase, for cut flowers, often having a perforated cover for the insertion of the stems. Bowl. — A receptacle deeper than a saucer, whose diam eter usually exceeds its height, with or without a basal rim, or chime; used to hold liquids or solids. 1 . Bulbous. With doubly curved sides, like two bulbs, the larger one above. 2. Fish. A tall jar-r, , diniere -shaped] bowl of porcelain or stoneware, used 18 GLOSSARY as an aquarium by the. Chinese. 3. Footed. With spreading foot, contract ed above, as Staffordshire cream ware bowls. 4. Handled. Having two handles, as a bowl for bon bons. 5. Hemispherical. In the form of half a spheret The normal shape. See Punch below. 6. Laver. A basin, or wash bowl. S p e - cifically a large, pan- shaped bowl with flat base and straight sloping sides. Found in Spanish and Mex ican maiolica. 7. Punch. A large bowl, usually of por celain or stone china, for hold ing punch or other bever ages. 8. Rose. Of globular form, with somewhat contracted mouth, for holding short- stemmed flowers. 9. Tub-Shape. With some what sloping sides, like a tub. Box. — A receptacle of rec tangular, circular, oval, or other form, with a separate cover, or hinged lid, as a powder box, patch box, snuff box, etc. Brianchon Lustre. — See under Lustre. Broderie (Fr.). — The imi tation of set embroidery or lace patterns, first painted on old Rouen faience. Broseley Blue Dragon. — See Blue Dragon. Brown Crackle. — See un der Crackle. Bruehl Pattern. — Edge of plates having six pairs of o u t ward curves. On border alter nate relief designs of sprays of flowers, and shell orna ments resting on basket work of different kinds. Named after Count Hein- rich von Bruehl, supervisor of the Meissen factory after 1733- "9 GLOSSARY Brush Holder. — A vessel of cylindrical or other form, for holding paint brushes. Called also Brush Cylinder, or Brush Pot. Chinese or Jap anese. Buccaros. — See Terra Sigil- lata. Bucchero Ware — A solidly- colored black pol ished pottery, fre quently with relief designs in imitation of metal work. The national pottery of ancient Etruria, dating from about the seventh to the fifth century, B. C. Buire (Fr.). — An ornamental drink ing vessel of flag on form. Bulb Pot. — A vessel with f 1 a t back and semicircular front with flat re movable top on which are several bottomless cups for holding bulbs. Made by various potters in England before and after 1 800. Bulb Tray. — A shallow re ceptacle, of rectangular, cir cular, or other form, for growing bulbs in wet peb bles. Chinese. Burette. — A vessel of tank ard or vase form, pear or flask shape, with or with out handles, for holding liquids. Usually highly decorated. English altar- cruets are usually so-called. Burnishing (agate). After 1800 gilding was brighten ed by means of an agate burnisher. Burnishing (au clou). Gild ing on porcelain was for merly burnished by rub bing it with a metal point, as on old French Pate Tendre. Burnt Sienna Yellow. — See under Yellow. Cachepot (Fr.). — A case for hold ing a flower pot. Cadogan Teapot. — A peach- shaped vessel with spout and ir<; handle. "A ^ teapot copied from an old Chinese model, said to have been introduc ed into England by the Hon. Mrs. Cadogan, and extensively reproduced at Swinton in the latter part of the eighteenth century. It is almost egg-shape, somewhat flattened at the sides, having a closed top and no lid. A spiral tube passes through an opening at the base and extends to within half an inch of the top. The pot could be filled only by inverting it, and when reversed the con tents could be emptied only through the spout" (Au thor's definition in Century Dictionary). Cafe-au-Lait (Fr.). — The French name given to a chocolate colored glaze, more or less iridescent, used by Chinese potters. Same as Fond Laque. Camaieu (Fr.). — Decorations painted in monochrome. Camellia-Leaf Green. — A bright green frequently seen on Chinese porcelain. Cameo. — Relief ornament, as distinguished from Intaglio. Specifically that which is in one color, on a ground of a different color. Can. — A cylindrical coffee cup, of mug pr= shape, so-called \ by old English potters. GLO SSARY Candelabrum. — A candle stick with arms for addit ional lights. Candeliere (It.).— Grotesque figures symmetrically arranged about a central stem. A style of decoration seen on Castel Durante and Urbino maiolica. Candlestick. — A pillar, or shaft, of varying form, sur mounted by a small cup for holding a candle, and having a square plinth or cir cular, bowl-shaped or other base. Canestrella (It.). — A fruit dish, usually having a pierced or openwork rim. A form found in Italian maiolica. Cane -Color Ware. — A yel low biscuit ware, with re lief decorations, in the same color, or in other tints, pro duced by Wedgwood and his imitators in the eighteenth century. See Bamboo Ware. Canette. — A tall drinking mug o f cylindrical form, particularly the white stoneware flagons made at Siegburg, Germany, in the sixteenth century. Canister. — A bottle - shaped receptacle of rectangular, circular, or other form, for holding tea leaves. A tea- caddy. Canopic Vase. — A vase, or urn, with cover in the form of a head of a divinity, used to hold the viscera of the dead, made exten sively at Canopus. Ancient Egyptian. Canton China. — Porcelain or coarse white stoneware with blue painted decora tion, made at Canton, China, sometimes improp erly called India china, be cause it was transported by the East India Company from China into Europe. Also called Nankin China. See Fitzhugh Pattern and Willow Pattern. GLOSSARY Carving. — Cutting designs Caudle Cup. — A cup with in the dry body of a vessel one handle, for holding before it is baked. caudle. Casque Ewer. — A pitche^ or ewer in the form of a casque, as of Rouen faience. Casting. — Forming vessels in hollow plaster moulds by filling the latter with liquid slip, which is allowed to remain for a few moments, and then poured out. A thin coating of clay adheres to the interior of the mould and after it has become sufficiently dry it can be removed. Castleford Ware. — A term applied to a semi-translucent white ware, with slight glaze, supposed to have been made at Cas- tleford, England, from about 1 800 to 1820. It is decorated with reliefs, such as figure groups, the Amer ican eagle, the head of Lib erty, etc., and with lines of color. The forerunner of Parian ware. Caudle Pot. — A globular bowl-shaped ves sel, or pot withL. , two handles, tub ular spout and sometimes a lid, of tin enameled pot tery, or Delft ware, made in England, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Caudle Urn. — A caudle pot of elaborate form, some times provided with feet. Cauliflower WARE.-Cream- ware model ed and col ored in imi tation of a cauliflower, made by Whieldon and other Eng lish potters in the latter half of the eighteenth cent ury. Cavetto. — The bowl or de pression in the centre of a plate or saucer. 23 GLOSSARY C C. Ware. — An abbrevia tion for Cream Colored, or white pottery, used by American potters. CELADON.-The French name given to a glaze on Chinese porcelain or stoneware of various shades of green, from grass green to pale sea green or sage green, produced by protoxide of iron. The name was taken from the character of Cela don, a rustic lover in Honore D'Urfe's romance of the seventeenth century (I'Astree ), whose costume on the stage was of a pale grayish green color. See Martabani. Censer. — An Incense Burner. Cerquate (It.). — A decora tive style of painting on Italian mai olica consist ing of oak leaves and acorns, usually in yellow on a blue ground, encircling a central design. Found on Castel Durante and other fabrics. Chalk Body. — See under Body. Chambrelan (Fr.). — A con tractor who decorates in his own establishment (en chambre), or causes to be decorated for the trade, undecorated porcelain ob tained from, factories. Champleve — A style of dec oration in which the pat terns have raised outlines, or are cut out of the sur face and filled in with col ored enamels, slip or color, as in one variety of Grenz- hausen stoneware, English slip - decorated ware, and Chinese porcelain. Chantilly Sprig Pattern. — See Barbeau. Chime. — The basal rim or hoop, on which a vase, cup, saucer, or bowl rests. China. — A term commonly applied in England and the United States, to porcelain. Chocolate Pot. — A tall, pitcher-shaped vessel, with handle, lip and cover, for holding hot chocolate. Chrome Green. — See under Green. Chrysanthemo -Paeonian Family. — See F ami lie Chrysanthemo-Paeonienne. 24 GLOSSARY Chytros. — An ancient Greek cup. Cider Jug. — A large pitcher with lift handle in front, to facilitate lifting or tilting. See Lift under Handle. Cincinnati China. — Hard paste por celain made in China in the latter part of the eighteenth century, and decorated with the insignia of the American order of the Cincinnati. Circle and Square. — See under Border Designs. Clair de Lune (Fr.). — See under Blue. Clobbered Ware. — Porce- iain which has been redec orated over the original decoration. Cluny Enamel. — Lead-flux ed colored enamels used to decorate pottery at Cluny and Longwy, France, in imitation of cloisonne enameling. Cock and Peony. — A pattern frequently found on Chinese porcelain of the Ch'ien-lung period and later, con sisting of one or two barn yard cocks with peon ies. Cockspur. — A contrivance of hardened clay, in the form of a caltrop, having four points, three of which serve as feet while the fourth, or upright one, supports a plate or other object while being fired in the kiln. Also called triangle, stilt, etc. Coffee -Can. — See Can. Coffee -Cup. — A drinking cup larger or smaller than a tea-cup. See Cup. Coffee- Pot. — A vessel similar to- a teapot, but usu ally taller and of greater capacity. Coggle. — An iron or wooden wheel, with engraved pattern, used to decorate pottery by rol ling it over the moist clay. Collar. — The vertical band at the top of a vessel. 25 GLOSSARY Combed WARE.-Pottery with surface decora ti on in marbled effect, produced by combing while the glaze is wet. Combing. — The process of combing the wet, newly ap plied color or colors on the surface of pottery with a coarse comb, or wire brush, to produce zigzag, or wav ing patterns. Confiturier (Fr.).-A jar for preserves. Compote. — A cake, or fruit dish, supported on a stem and foot. Compotier (Fr.). — Same as Compote. Copper Green. — See under Green. Copper Lustre. — See under Lustre. Cone. — A contrivance of baked clay, of conical form, for supporting an object while being fired in the kiln. See also Cockspur. Coral Red. — See under Red. Corn Flower. — Same as Bar beau and Chantilly Sprig. Corne (Fr.).-A pattern which originated at Rouen, in which the principal deco rative motive is a cornu copia of brightly colored flowers. See Faience a la Corne. Coventry Pattern. — See Lord Coventry Pattern. Cover. — A separate top for closing the mouth of a jar, box, vase, or other object. See Lid. i. Cap. A low, cylindrical cover with flat top, which fits over the upright collar of a vase or jar. 2. Crown. Modeled in the shape of a crown, as on Swiss and Pe nnsylvania- German pottery sugar bowls. 3. Disc. A flat, circular plate, with a knob for lifting, which rests on the horizon tal rim in the mouth of a vessel, as a teapot or sugar bowl. 4. Dome -shape. A or arched (bell- shaped) cover used on Chinese jars, Staffordshire teapots, etc. 26 5. Hat -Shape. A pherical cover having a hori zontal rim, and a hollow collar or solid projection beneath, which fits into the mouth of a vessel, as on Chinese bal uster vases. 6. Hinged. Opening with a hinge, as in some Castle ford teapots. 7. Pivoted. Having one or two projections or spuds, which fit into niches in the horizontal edge in the mouth of a coffee pot or other object. By dropping the projections ofthe cover into the notches and turn ing it slightly, the cover is held securely in place. 8. Sliding. A cover which is slid into grooves from the back of the mouth of a vessel to hold it more securely, as in Castleford teapots. 9. Screw Cap. A cover of metal, porcelain or pottery, with a spiral thread, which screws into a groove on the neck of a vessel. Cover Finial. — A protuber- GLOSSARY hemis- ance on the top of a lid or cover of a tureen, sugar bowl, teapot, vase, etc., by which the cover may be lifted. 1. Acorn. Modeled in the form of an acorn. 2. Bottle - Shape. Drawn out in the form of a slender bottle. See Classical, un der Handle (cut). 3. Butterfly. In the form of a butterfly. 4. Button. In the form of a ball, or round, flattened button, plain or tooled. 5. Cone. O f pine cone shape. 6. Crab stock. In the form of a twig, bent to form a loop, usually accompanying a Crabstock handle or spout. 7. Dolphin. Modeled in the form of a dolphin. 8. Dragon. In the form of a Chinese dragon. 9. Figure. In the form of a human figure, as a draped and seated female, frequently seen in the black basaltes ware of different English potters, and in 27 GLOSSARY Staffordshire creamware teapots, etc. 10. Floral. Modeled in the form of a flower, such as a rose, daisy, etc. 1 1 . Fruit. Modeled in the form of a peach, pine apple, berry, plum, apple, pomegranate, etc. 12. Lion. A miniature Chi nese lion, some times popularly known as Dog Fo. 13. Loop. Like a small handle, rising from the top of a lid, either plain, twist ed, or plaited. 14. Pineapple. In form of a conventionalized pine apple. 15. Ring. A small ring set on edge. 16. Rococo. A vertical scroll or series of scrolls. 1 7. Shell. Modeled in the form of a marine, fresh water, or land shell. 18. Sphinx. In the form of a sphinx. 19. Swan. In the form of a swan, as in black basaltes, Staffordshire (sometimes improperly call ed Bristol) and Liverpool creamware. 20. Woman and Child. A seated figure of a woman with a child in her arms, as in Staffordshire creamware coffee pots, etc. Cow Creamer. — A cream jug in the form of a cow, the curved tail, forming the han dle, and open mouth form ing the lip. Cracked Ice. — See under Ground Patterns. Crackle. — The crackling of glaze, produced by artificial means, a s distinguished from Crazing. 1. Apple Green. A trans parent, pale green, rather coarsely crackled glaze, produced by Chinese pot ters in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. French Verte Pomme. 1. Blue. See Lapis-Lazuli and Sapphire, below. 3. Brown. A crackled lus trous brown, or cafe-au-lait, glaze, on old Chinese por celain. 28 GLOSSARY 4. Camellia Leaf. A fine crackle, camellia leaf or cucumber green glaze. Chinese, Ch'ien-lung per iod. 5. Celadon. See under Cel adon. 6. Cucumber. Same as Camellia Leaf 7. Emerald. A bright em erald green glaze with mod erately coarse crackle. 8. Fen Ting. See Fen Ting Porcelain. 9. Fish Roe Same as TruitL10. Fissured Ice. A med ium size crackle, between Truite, the finest, and Giant, the coarsest. On Chinese porcelain. 1 1 . Giant. The coarsest variety of crackle on porcelain or stone ware, the lines be ing few and far apart. Chinese. 12. Kyoto. A yellow glazed crackled stoneware similar to Satsuma ware, made at Awata, a suburb of Kyoto. Also made at Oti, near Yokohama, Japan. 13. Lapis-Lazuli. A rich, dark, crackled blue, of the Ch'ien-lung reign. 14. Lavender. A lavender or bluish gray glaze with coarse crackle. Chinese. 15. Mustard Yellow. A greenish yellow glaze with fine (fish roe) crackling. Known also as Fish Roe Yellow. Used in the Ch'ien-lung period. Chi nese. 16. Pin Head. Same as Truite. 17. Pink. Crackle on white porcelain, made pink by rubbing vermillion into the cracks. 18. Sang de Boeuf (Fr.). See Ox Blood, under Red. 19. Sapphire Blue. A deep purplish blue crackle glaze, of the Ch'ien-lung period. 20. Satsuma. A hard buff stoneware with crackle glaze, made in the province of Satsuma, Japan. 29 GLOSSARY 21. TruitZ (Fr.). Any finely crackled glaze, resembling fish roe or the scales of a trout. Chinese, K'ang-hsi and Ch'ien-lung periods. 22. Turquoise. A bluish green, or turquoise, glaze with fine (truite) crackle. Principally of the Ch'ien- lung period. 23. Yellow (Fish Roe). See Mustard Yellow. Cradle. — Minature cradles of slip-decorat ed ware, cream ware, or salt glaze, ware formerly pro duced by Staffordshire pot ters for gifts. Crazing. — The crackling of glaze, produced by unequal contraction and expansion of glaze and body. Creamer. — A cream jug or small pitcher. Cream Ware. — A soft pot tery made of white or cream colored clay, as Wedg wood's cream - ware, o r Queen's - ware, Leed's pot tery, etc. Cream colored ware was first produced by Astbury early in the eigh teenth century. C. R. Jug. — A salt-glazed stoneware vessel of globular form, with cylindrical neck and relief medallion in front bearing the initials C. R. (Carolus Rex). Made in Germany (Grenzhausen) and possibly England, to commemorate the reign of Charles II. Crock. — A rude jar, usually of common stoneware, for holding liquids or solids, as an apple-butter crock. See Crock, under Handle (cut). Crouch Ware. — Pottery made of common clay and sand, glazed with salt, at first of a greenish tint, made in England late in the seventeenth century, b e f o r e the invention of white salt glaze. Crystalline Glaze. — S e e under Glaze. Cup. — A drinking vessel, varying in shape and size, for holding hot or cold drinks, and with or without a handle, as coffee cup, tea 30 GLOSSARY cup, after dinner coffee (demi-tasse), etc. i. Armillaire. The Tasse a the Armillaire, made at Sevres about 1830, is a broad, shallow cup, with foot and small curved han dle. 2. Bell-Shape. In the form of an inverted bell, a pattern made at Sevres and other places. See Regnier, below.3 . Berlin. A large, tall cup, standing on three feet, with handle rising above the rim, and relief portrait busts at front and sides. 4. Bouillon. A shallow cup with a handle at each side, for holding bouillon. 5. Bowl- Shape. The nor mal form of Chi nese tea -cups, in shape of a small bowl, without handle, standing on a narrow basal rim. ¦so 6. Bucket-Shape. tea-cup o f Chi- nese porcelain, A small =7 with flat base, straight, ex panding sides, and without handle or basal rim. 7. Carree. A cylindrical cup made at the Sevres fac tory, whose diameter equals its height and whose verti cal section is therefore square. The handle may be curved or angular, or otherwise vary in f o r m . See Vincennes, below. 8. Conical. The Tasse a Cafe Conique, pro duced at Sevres about 181 1, is an inverted truncated cone in form, with a square handle. 9. Egg Shape. The Tasse a the Serpent, made at the Sev res factory, is a tea, or chocolate- cup of half egg form, with an upright handle in the form of a serpent. 10. Fillet. The Tasse a Filet, produced at Sevres about 1 800, is a tall conical cup with upright loop handle on each side. 3' GLOSSARY The y 1 1 . Fontainebleau. Tasse a dejeuner de Fontainebleau, produced at Sevres about 1 83 8, is a gob let shaped cup with an in verted figure 5 handle. 12. Fragonard. The Tasse Litron Fragonard, produced at Sevres about 1818, is a drum -shaped cup with projecting base and rim, and modeled up right handle. 13. Handleless. Without a handle, as old Chinese tea cups. 14. Hessian. The Tasse a C afre Hessoise, produced at Sevres about 1 830, is a pot-shaped cup, with wide mouth, small base, and small curved handle. 15. Invalid. A bowl- shaped cup, roofed over the front half, with handle and tubular spout, for feed ing an invalid in bed. 16. Jasmine. The Tasse Jasmin, produced at Sevres about 1808, is in the form of a cylindrical vase with flar- i ng mouth, having an up right handle modeled in the form of a dragon, ser pent, or other creature. 1 7. Libation. Boat-shaped, with a broad lip, and handle frequently modeled in the shape of a dragon, animal etc. Usu ally mounted on three small feet or on an ellipti cal basal rim. Chinese. 18. Mug-Shape. In the form of a mug, with flat bottom and straight ver tical sides, the height be ing greater than the diam eter. 19. Peyre. A cylindrical cup whose height slightly exceeds its diameter, and whose base is slightly smaller than its top, to permit of stacking, by set ting one cup in another. 32 GLOSSARY Invented by Peyre, direc tor of artistic works at the Sevres factory, in 1845, who evolved it from the Vincennes cup, of a century earlier, and changed the angular handle to a semi- cordate or curved one. This Peyre cup, which was made in eight different sizes at Sevres, afterwards became a standard form in the porcelain industry throughout Europe, Peyre also originated other forms of cups of less importance. 20. Pot -Shape. Resem bling a pot with wide mouth and somewhat bulging body, on a low foot or basal rim. See Hessian, above. 21. Rambouille t . The Tasse de la laiterie ^r n de Rambouillet V 7 (dairy cup of ^^ royal chateau of Rambouil let ) produced at Sevres about 1787, is of Greek skyphos form, having two horizontal loop handles. 22. Regnier. A breakfast cup, of inverted bell shape, with an upright handle, one under- end modeled in the form of a human head. Produced at the Sevres f a c t o r y about 1 8 13. 23. Sacrificial. See Liba tion. 24. St. Cloud. A form re sembling the cor olla of a flower, reeded below and decorated in glaze blue around the up per part, with or without a handle. 25, Satyr's Head. Modeled in the form of a Satyr's h e a d , H with handle at back. Staffordshire cream ware, early nineteenth cen tury. 26. Semiove. The Tasse a the Semiove, of the Sevres factory, produced about 1837, is a cup of half egg form, with a Q-shaped handle. 27. Stafford shire. Like a small, footed bowl, with or without handle. 33 GLOSSARY 28. Upright. A tall cup with straight sides, gradu ally widening to the top, rounded base set on a small basal rim and with or with out handle. 29. Urn-Shape. Like a wide - mouthed urn, with rounded base set on a spreading f o o t . Usually with a modeled or upright handle. 30. Vase -Shape. In the form of a vase with flaring mouth. See Jasmine, above. 31. Vincennes. A cylindri cal cup with a point ed handle, produc ed first at Vincennes about 1 746 ; also called Carree (square), because its height equals its diameter. 32. Wine. A tall, oval or hexagonal cup with small flat base and wide flaring top, as in Fuchien porcelain. A bowl - shaped cup on long stem. Chinese. Cup Plate. — A small flat plate of pottery or glass on which, in olden times, the tea-cup was placed while the tea was cooling in the saucer. Also called Tea- Cup Plate. Custard Set. — A circular stand of one or more shelves, or platforms, holding a service of cus tard cups. Found in French and American por celain. Cutting Wire. — A fine, pliable wire used to cut the thrown clay vessel from the wheel. Cypriote Pottery. — The pottery of ancient Cyprus. 34 D Decalco mania. — The pro cess of transferring to the surface of pottery or por celain prepared designs in colors. Decor Barbeau (Fr.). — See Barbeau. Deinos. — A cinerary, or wine vessel with round ed base and noi handles. Classi cal. Dejeuner (Fr.). — A small table service consisting of tray, tea-pot, sugar bowl, cream jug, waste bowl, and one or two cups and sau cers. A breakfast set. Delft. — Stanniferous pottery made at Delft and other places in Holland in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The term is also applied to sim ilar tin enameled ware made in England in the eighteenth century. Della Robbia Ware. — Tin enameled altar pieces, pan- nels and plaques, usually of considerable size, beauti fully modeled in full relief, by Luca della Robbia, a celebrated Italian sculptor, in the fifteenth century, and by his nephew, Andrea Robbia and the latter's sons. Dentil. — A scalloped gold edging around plates, cups, saucers, etc., as in those of the eighteenth century. From the French dentelle (lace). Sometimes improp erly spelled dontil. Depas. — A drinking cup. Classical. Depas Amphikypellon. — A double cup, or one divided into two parts, and having two handles or ears. Classi cal. Diaper Patterns. — See Ground Patterns. 35 GLOSSARY Dipping. — The process of glazing earthenware by sub mersion in a liquid glaze composition. Dip Ware. — See Mocha Ware. Disc -Cutter. — A potter's tool consisting of a rod of wood, in one end of which is a nail, the other end rest ing on a small block of wood. The block is placed in the middle of a rolled- out sheet of clay, the other end of the arm being re volved, when the nail cuts out a perfect disc. These circular pieces of clay are then shaped over a convex mould to form pie plates. Dish. — A vessel, of varied form, other than a plate, or platter. Usually deep, such as a vegetable dish, a tray, of irregular shape, etc. Dog Handled Pitcher. — A jug with handle modeled i n the form of a dog, as the gilded or brown game pit chers of Isleworth, Eng land, the brown glazed hunting pitchers of Jersey City, N. J., Bennington and Burlington, Vt., etc. See Hunting Pitcher. Door Prop. — A heavy ob ject of pottery, glass, metal, etc., of globular, rectangu lar, or other form, to be placed on the floor to hold a door open. Sometimes called Door Porter. Doulton Ware. — A brown, salt-glazed stoneware, of artistic character, produced by the Doultons at Lam beth, England, from 1815 to the present time. Dragon. — A decorative sub ject used on Oriental pot tery and porcelain. 1. Five-Clawed. The symbol of imperial power in China. Restricted to the use of the Emperors during the Ming and Ch'ing dynasties. 2. Four-Clawed. The em blem of princes of the third and fourth rank in China. 3. Three-Clawed. The im perial dragon of Japan. 36 GLOSSARY The dragon of commerce in China. See also Blue Dragon. Drainer. — A flat, false bot tom f o r a meat or fish platter, with perforations for allowing the juice or gravy to drain into the gravy well beneath. Drug Bottle. — A jar of cir cular, hexagonal, or other form, with small mouth and metal li d which screws on, for holding drugs. Frequently seen in the brown stone ware of Kreussen, Bavaria, of the seventeenth century. Sometimes called Food Bottle. Drug Jar. — See Albarello. Drum. — A cylinder used as a lamp or candela brum standard, of jasper body, as produced by Wedgwood, Adams, and other English potters in the eighteenth century. Duffer. — The English name for a forgery or counterfeit. Dulong Pattern. — A style of decoration found on Meis sen porcelain i after 1743, consisting o f four large rococo panels in relief, alternating with four smaller panels, each of which is divided into three parts having flower and rococo decorations. The name is derived from that of an Amsterdam merchant having business relations with the Meissen works. Dummy. — An imitation of a pie or tart, in pottery or stoneware, made at the Wedgvood works and else where in England during the famine of 1 795-1 802, constructed as a covered dish to hold sample foods. See Pie Crust Ware.. Dusting. — Glazing by apply ing the glaze preparation in the form of powder to the surface and afterwards melt ing in the kiln. 37 GLOSSARY Dwight Stoneware. — Salt- glazed stoneware of putty color first produced by John Dwight, at Ful- ham, England, about 1671. Fine examples are in the British Museum, and the Victoria and Albert Musem, London, England. They are noteworthy on account of their beautiful model- in g- 38 E ring, Ecritoire (Fr.). — A writing stand with cups for ink, wafers, sand, etc. Ecuelle (Fr.). — A porringer with one, or two, handles. Eel-Skin Yellow . — A brownish or olive yellow glaze used on Chinese por celain. Egg and Dart. — See under Border Designs. Egg Ring. — A tall shaped at the up per end to hold an egg. Made in cream ware by Davenport and other Eng lish potters. Egg Shell Porcelain. — Chinese porcelain of great thinness, particularly that of the Ch'ien-lung period. Egnatian Ware. — Apulian pottery with a black var nished surface, and over decorations in clay, or " slip ", colors, — white, yel low, purple and brown. Be longing to the third century B.C. and found at Egnazia and other places. Egyptian Black Ware. — Same as Basaltes. Electuary Pot. — A maiolica drug pot, with handle and spout. See Vaso di Speziera. Elers Ware. — A hard, fine> red stoneware, % Gyp imitating Chinese (t^ B o c c a r o ware, made b y John Philip and David Elers at Bradwell near Burslem, England, at the end of the seventeenth century. It is decorated with small re liefs stamped with separate metal moulds on wads of clay applied to the surface. The term is also used in a 39 G LOSSARY generic sense to indicate the wares of the Elers school. See Boccaro Ware. Elizabethan Pottery. — A term erroneously applied to the earliest white salt-glaze in England. Encrier (Fr.).-An ink stand. Engine - Turned Ware. — Red and b la c k pot tery or stone ware deco rated with parallel incised lines, in wavy or angular patterns, by means of the engine lathe, said to have been invented in Stafford shire about 1765. Engobe. — A thin coating of slip on the surface of pot tery. Epergne. — A centre piece, or plateau, for the dining table, often elaborately modeled, or having several tiers. Same as Surtout. Epichysis. — A jug for pour ing wine or oil at entertainments. The base is shaped like a pyxis, on ¦ which rises a long neck with elongated lip and high handle. Peculiar to Apulia. Classical. Epinetron. — A semi-cylin drical, or shield- «. shaped object,] jS" used to cover the thigh and knee of a spinner and to pass the thread over. Also called Imbrex. Classical. Etui (Fr.). — An ornamental case for needle- w o r k and toilet instruments. Ewer. — A slender pitcher, or jug, with stem and foot and usually with expanded lip. See Aiguiere, also Casque Ewer. 40 Faience. — Pottery made of refined clay. The use of this term is now almost en tirely restricted to the stanniferous faience of the French and other Euro pean potters. Faience a la Corne (Fr.).— Stanniferous faience, deco rated in poly chrome with floral designs and a cornu- cop ia, or horn of plenty; produced at Rouen, France, in the eighteenth century, and copied later at other places. Faience a Niellure (Fr.).- Faience with inlaid de signs of colored clays, re sembling niello work. Same as Henri Deux Ware. Faience D'Oiron (Fr.). — Same as Henri Deux Ware. Faience Fine. — A term ap plied by French potters to English lead glazed cream ware made in France dur ing the latter part of the eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth century. Faience Patriotique (Fr.).- S tan n i - ferous fai- ience pro duced a t N evers, France, during the Revolution of 1789- 1793, decorated with patriotic designs and in- criptions. Faience Porchaire (Fr.). — Same as Henri Deux Ware. Faiencier. — A maker or dec orator of faience, particular ly of tin enameled faience. Famille Chrysanthemo- Paeonienne (Fr.). — That variety of Chinese porce lain in which chrysanthe mums and peonies pre- GLOSSARY dominate in the decoration. Jacquemart's classification. Famille Jaune. — A variety of Chinese porcelain with decorations on a yellow ground. Famille Noire. — A variety of Chinese porcelain with polychrome decorations painted on a black ground, as black " hawthorn " vases. Chinese. Famille Rose (Fr.). — A variety of Chinese porcelain decorated with a deep purplish rose color, such as rose-back plates, etc. The best examples belong to the Ch'ien-lung period (1736- 1795). See Rose-Pompadour. Famille Verte (Fr.). — A variety of Chinese porce lain, decorated in colors, in which a green enamel is prominent ; developed in the K'ang-hsi reign (1662- 1722). Fan Pattern. — Fan-shaped ornaments around the edges of] plates, etc., the lobes be ing dark blue, red and green, with gold diapering. Central design a conven tional chrysanthemum. Worcester, England, about 1800. Also called Japan ese Fan Pattern. Feldspathic Glaze. — See under Glaze. Fen Ting Porcelain. — Chi nese porcelain of a dull, creamy white tint, frequent ly decorated in blue and possessing a tendency to crackle. Attributed to the K'ang-hsi reign (1662- 1722). Feng - Huang. — A fabulous bird in Chi nese art ; the phoenix. The emblem of the empress. See Ho- Ho. Festoon. — See under Border Designs. Finial. — See Cover Finial. Fish BowL.-See under Bowl. Fish Roe Crackle. — See Truite, under Crackle. Fissured Ice. — See under Crackle. 42 GLOSSARY Fitzhugh Pattern. — A pat tern painted in blue, and occasionallyin red on Chinese por celain of the Ch'ien-lung period. It has a central design of four pomegranates split in half, and four Hand-of-Buddha citrons, which central device is sur rounded by four groups of flowers and symbols. Made principally at Canton. The Chinese porcelain on which this pattern appears is usu ally whiter than that of the Willow Pattern. Five - Color Decoration (Chinese Wu ts'ai). Poly chrome decoration in over- glaze enamel colors, — red, yellow, purple, green, and overglaze or underglaze blue. Flagon. — A large vessel for holding liquids, having a handle and usually a lip and hinged cover. A variety of jug used for filling drink ing vessels. See Buire. Flambe (Fr.). — Streaked or mottled glazes of deep red, purple, blue and other col ors, produced by the Chi nese potters in the K'ang- hsi and following reigns. Same as Transmutation Glaze. See Peach Bloom and Sang de Boeuf. Flint Enameled Ware. — A fine quality of " Rock ingham" pottery with a hard, brilliant glaze contain ing flint, mottled in brown, yellow, olive and blue in various combinations. Pat ented by Messrs. Lyman and Fenton in 1849 and made at the United States Pottery, Bennington, Vt., until 1858. See under Glaze. See also Benning ton Ware. Flow Blue. — A dark blue underglaze color which is not sharply defined but flows into the surrounding white glaze. Often seen in old English stone china. Flower -Pot. — A pot, or vase, for growing plants. A small jardiniere, usually of funnel shape. Fluting. — Concave, curved or square grooving or gut tering. Long vertical 43 GLOSSARY grooves in a column. The reverse of Reeding, or Rib bing. Fond Laque (Fr.). — Liter ally, lacquered ground. Same as Caf'e-au-lait. A brown glaze used by Chinese pot ters. Food Bottle. — See Drug Bottle. Foot. — The expansion at the base of the stem of a ves sel, usually circular, on which the latter stands. Fountain. — A vase or water vessel, usually with a spigot hole in front. Fox Head. — A drinking cup in the form of a fox's head, made by Wedg wood and other potters, suggested by the ancient Greek rhyton. Fret. — See under Border De signs. Fritted Porcelain. — Arti ficial Soft Paste Porcelain. See Pate Tendre. Frog Mug. — A pottery mug with a modeled frog inside, such as was pro duced in Stafford shire and Sunder land, England. Frutti (It.). — A style of Italian maiolica painting. Combination of fruits and leaves. Fuchien Porclain. — A hard paste porcelain, of fine grained texture and bril liant, heavy cream white glaze, resembling in appear ance the soft, fritted porce lain of Europe ; improperly called "soft paste." Chi nese, of the K'ang-hsi and two following periods. Fuddling Cup. — A group of several cups joined to gether at the sides and communicating with each other so that the contents of all could be drunk from one. Old English. Fulham Stoneware. — Salt- glazed stoneware made at 44 GLOSSARY Fulham, England, in the Furniture Rest. — seventeenth and eighteenth A small stand to centuries. See also Dwight raise the leg of a Stoneware, and Midnight piece o f furniture, Conversation Jug.. or stove, from the floor. 45 G Gadroon. — See Godroon. Gallipot. — See Baluster, un der Vase. Garniture. — A set of vases, usually three, five or seven in number, intended to be kept together. Garniture (Wu She of the Chinese). A set of five vases, the central one with mouth smaller than the diameter of the body. On each side is a covered jar, and at each end a beaker- shaped vase with broad, flaring mouth. This garni ture is used on a long table in the reception hall. Garniture de Cheminee (Fr.).-Amantel set of fi v e vases, consisting of a cen tral covered jar, a covered jar at each end, and two- beaker-shaped vases be tween. This was the con ventional garniture in Dutch interiors of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, whether of Delft pottery, or Chinese porcelain. Sim ilar garnitures, produced in China from about 1790 to 1 8 10 for the European and American markets, are often improperly called " Low estoft." Garniture, Sacrificial. — An incense urn in the cen tre, a pricket candlestick at each side, and at the ends two other pieces which are changed with the seasons. Gaudy Painted Ware. — Creamware made by WilliamAdams of Greenfield, and other Staffordshire pot ters, in the first half of the nineteenth century, deco rated with bold, gaudily 46 GLOSSARY painted flowers and other designs. Giant Crackle. — See un der Crackle. Ginger Jar. — A spherical jar, of porcelain or stone ware, usually having a cap or dome-shaped cover, as the so-called Hawthorn jars ofthe Chinese. See Haw thorn Pattern. Giretto (It.). — The ring on the base of a large plaque, as a bacile of Pesaro maiol ica, on which the piece rests. Glacier (French Glaciere). — A vessel for holding ice. Made by Wedgwood and other potters. See Seau. Glass Glaze. — See under Glaze. Glaze. — A glassy preparation applied to the surface of pottery or porcelain to ren der it impervious to liquids. i. Aventurine. Containing auriferous particles, resemb ling gold. 2. Crystalline. A glaze showing crystallizations, in various colors. Developed on porcelain by modern French, German, Swedish, and American potters. 3. Egg Shell. A dull, creamy glaze of fine texture resembling the smooth sur face of a pigeon's egg, as seen in a certain variety of Persian pottery decorated with paintings of human figures, etc., in colors, and attributed to the ancient city of Rhages. 4. Feldspathic. A hard glaze containing feldspar, used on hard paste porce lain. 5. Flint Enamel. A bril liant, colored lead glaze made hard by the addition of flint. Used on a high grade of " Rockingham " or mottled pottery, known as " Patent Flint Enamel Ware," at the United States Factory, Bennington, Vt., from 1849 to l858- 6. Glass. A glass surface of great hardness, used on Egyptian and Persian pot tery. See Silicious, below. 7. Gold-Stone. An aventu rine glaze possessing an auriferous sheen. Called also Tiger s-Eye Glaze. 8. Harlequin. A spotted glaze of various colors,-red, 47 GLOSSARY yellow, green and brown, applied to certain Chinese porcelains.9. Lead. Common trans parent glaze used on ordin ary pottery, creamware, etc., applied either as a dry lead powder, or as liquid red lead. 10. Mat. A dull glaze without gloss. 11. Plumbeous. Same as Lead Glaze. 12. Saline. Same as Salt Glaze. 13. Salt. A transparent hard glaze with pitted, or ostrich egg, surface, pro duced by throwing rock salt into the kiln from above, at a certain stage of the fir ing, which vaporizes and settles on the surface of the stoneware in a thin film. 14. Silicious. A glass glaze composed of silex (sand) and an alkali, as soda or potash. Same as Glass Glaze. 15. Smear. A semi-glaze, or thin deposit on the sur face of pottery, produced by smearing the inside of the sagger, or fire-clay re ceptacle, with the glazing preparation, which vapor izes in the heat of the kiln, and settles on the surface of the enclosed ware. 16. Stanniferous. An opaque white enamel, of great hardness, containing a percentage of oxid of tin. Used on Maiolica, Delft, and other European Fai ence. 17. Tiger' s-Eye. An aventurine glaze resembling the luminous appearance of a tiger's eye. 18. Tiger-Skin. Similar to Harlequin. Also the brown mottled glaze on old Rhen ish salt glazed stoneware. 19. Tin. Same as Stan niferous Enamel. Goat and Bee Jug. — A small cream jug with relief designs of a bee and goats, made at Chelsea, England, about the middle of the eighteenth century. 48 GLOSSARY Goblet. — A drink ing cup with stem and foot. Godroon. — A convex, round ed, elongated ^ ornament, re peated i n a band, encirc ling the neck, stem or body of a vase, or other object. Gold Lustre. — See under Lustre. Golden Lustre. — See un der Lustre. Gold - Stone. — See under Glaze. Gombroon (or Gombrun) Ware.-A thin, white, trans- lucid, porcela- nous glass-glaz ed pottery, usually with perforations filled in with translucent glaze, made in Persia in the eighteenth century. So-called because first shipped to Europe through the port of Gom broon. Gotzkowsky Pattern. — Used on Meissen porce lain in 1 741 and later; named after J. E. Gotzkow- ski, a patron oft the works, consisting of four sprigs of flowers on the rim and a wreath of flowers tied with a bow of ribbon in relief in the cen tre. Granite Ware. — A variety of pottery with a grayish or blueish mottled glaze made by Wedgwood and his imita tors. Gravy Boat. — A boat - shap ed receptacle with handle at one end and lip at the other, for gravy or sauce. Graybeard. — Same as Bellar mine and Bartmann. Grease Spots. — Translucent spots in the paste of early fritted porcelain, caused by imperfect mixing of the in gredients. Seen in old Sev res, Tournay, Chelsea and other old French and Eng lish porcelains. The same phenomenon occurs also in 49 GLOSSARY early hard paste Meissen porcelain. Also called " Mooning." Greek Fret. — See Fret. Green. — Glazes, back grounds, and decorations of various shades of green. i . Apple. See under Crackle. i. Bronze. A dark green found on Chinese porcelain. 3. Camellia Leaf. See un der Crackle. 4. Celadon. See under Cel adon. 5. Chrome. A yellowish green produced from chrome, first used at the Sevres factory about 1804, superseding the darker cop per green previously used. Called in French Vert Jaune. 6. Copper. A dark green used on Sevres porcelain previous to 1 804. See Chrome, above. 7. Cucumber. See under Crackle.8 . Emerald. See under Crackle. 9. Pistache. A pale green of the tint of pistachio nuts. Occasionally found on old Chinese porcelain, and high ly prized by collectors. 10. Snake-Skin. A green glaze with prismatic sheen. Chinese. 11. Vert Jaune. See Chrome, above. 12. Vert Pomme. See Apple Green, under Crackle. Green Family. — Same as Famille Verte. Green Frog Ware. — A queen's-ware dinner ser vice, made b y Wedg wood and Bentley in 1 774, for Queen Catharine of Russia, each piece having a small green frog painted in the border, or near the edge. Green Lustre. — See under Lustre. Gres (Fr.). — Salt-glazed gray or brown stoneware, made in Germany, Flanders, and France, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Gres de Beauvais (Fr.). — Same as Gres de Savignies. 5° GLOSSARY Gres de Savignies (Fr.). — A partially vitrified ware resembling stoneware, dec orated with opaque blue enamel, made in France in the sixteenth and seven teenth centuries. Gres Flamand (Fr.). — Flem ish salt glazed stoneware. Grisaille (Fr.). — Painted in various shades of gray. Gray Camaieu. G. R. Jug. — A salt glazed stoneware vessel, similar to the A. R. and W. R. Jugs, with medal lion bearing the initials G. R. (Georgius Rex). Made in Germany and possibly England in the eighteenth century. Also a bottle-shaped jug of white salt glaze, with de sign filled in with blue, consisting of a medallion in front with a crown and the initials G. R. in relief, made in Staffordshire in the reigns of George II. and George III. Ground Patterns. — Diap ered or figured patterns fil ling in borders and undec- orated backgrounds of por celain or pottery. i. Briquete (Fr.). Imitat ing brick-work. A pattern painted in gold on dark blue ground. Old Sevres. 2. Bryony Leaf. A diaper composed o f three- partedleave s, u sual 1 y combined with six-petaled flowers, in blue or lustre. Hispano- Moresco. 3. Cailloute (Pebbled). (Fr.). Cir cles and ovals of d i f f er- e n t sizes crowded together, painted in gold on lapis lazuli ground. Old Sevres. 4. Checker - Board. Com posed of squares of alter nating colors. 51 GLOSSARY 5. Coin. Interlacing circles resembling over- lappingcoins, with centre s e i t h e r plain or filled in with dots or small ornaments. Chi nese. 6. Cracked Ice. Broken s traight linesforming irregular squares, in imita tion ofthe markings of cracked ice. Painted in dark blue on a lighter "pulsating" blue ground, as on hawthorn vases of Chinese porcelain. 7. Cross- Hatched. Com posed of two series of equidistant parallel lines, crossing each other at right angles. 8 . Curl. Composed of curls, like small shells, arrangedclose to gether. Chinese. 9. Diamond. A net- work of parallelograms arranged diagonally, with centres either plain or simply deco rated. Chinese. 10. Dot and Stalk. A diapering rese m b- 1 i n g dots and stalks, usually in golden lustre, on the ancient rib bed Hispano Moresco plaques of Valencia, Spain. 1 1 . Fish - Roe. A diaper of small each one enclosing a dot. Chinese. 52 12. Honey Comb. tern of hexagons, each row breaking j o i n t s with those above and below. Either plain, starred, or flowered. Chinese. 13. Hour Glass. Composed of GLOSSARY A pat- angles, forming figures of hour glass shape. Chinese. 14. Lacework. Small, uni- f o r m circles 0;-0':0'-- 0'< a r rang- ^MMMa ed in a Mm .., pattern, ^'An; r^,.„r^; with speck work between, frequently painted in gold on royal blue ground. Old Sevres. 15. Mei. A ground pattern composed of mei blossoms. Chinese. Arabic. Con- 16. Mock vention- al design resemb ling in appear- ^jT a n c e Mk Arabic inscriptions. Found on Hispano-Moresco ware. 17. Network. Series of lines run ning a t right angles, f o r m i n g squares, with dots or cross lines at the intersections. Chinese, etc. 1 8 . Octagon and Square. Oc tagons joined by small squares. A com mon dia per pattern on fine Chinese porcelains of the eighteenth century. 19. Oeil de Perdrix (Eye of the Partridge). (Fr.). Dot ted circles arranged in a regular pattern, usually 53 GLOSSARY painted in gold on a royal blue |.^";..x-J4-i-.rii ground, but some- H times p,ai nted ;.t tX X. _i: .mi : ; • i ( • i • r""i"r :m-u in blue on a white ground The " Partridge Eye " is of sev eral different varieties, usually with a dot in the centre, but sometimes with a small cross instead of the dot, and occasionally with out any central ornament. The most elaborate form consists of reserved white circles in a blue ground, with gold dotted outlines and inner circles of gold with a dot in the centre of each. See Trellis, below. 20. Plume. A complex pattern of r_g5^^ pi u m e - likescroll- work, either painted or engraved, on Chinese porcelain. 2 1 . Ring. Rows of circles touching each other and breaking joints with the rows above and below. Either plain, or enclosing simple ornaments. Chinese. 22. Scale. Imbricated like the scales of a fish. wvvvv Orie ntal and Eu- r op e a n. Blue dia- penng on a powder blue ground, as in old Worcester porcelain. Red scale-work, as in old German porcelains. 23. Shuttle o f boat- s haped or shut tle-shaped f i g- ures, a s A dia per >oo<><>, oooo< oooo< >oooo in Japanese porcelains and enamels. 24. Sponged. A mottled or clouded ground pro duced by applying color ed glazes with a sponge, as on Dutch, German, and English Delft. 54 GLOSSARY Bands of three- 25. Spur. pronged,spur-shaped motives,ason His- p a n o - Moresco ware. 26. Star and Cube. A pat tern con sisting of diamond- shapedfigures so combinedthat they resemble tiers of cubes, and also six-pointed stars. Chinese, etc. 27. Swastica and Bar. An o r n a - ment ^|p||pi^ composed of I- shapedbars, al tera ately arranged at right angles, forming swasticas where the arms meet. Chinese. ^vKw 2 8 Swastica and Square. A pattern of squares. each con taining a swastica. Chinese. 29. Trellis. A lozenge- shaped, or square, pattern, each par- a 1 1 e 1 0- ^sy?fe gram en closing a four- l^IllfOlIf armed ^§f§5sij cross, or quatrefoil ornament. Chi nese. Sometimes enclosing a " Partridge Eye." Vin cennes, old Sevres, etc. See Oeil de Perdrix, above. 30. Vermiculate. A ground work o f r — - lines re- s e m b - ling the maze-like,but sym metrical trail of a worm. On old English pottery, lustre, etc. 55 GLOS 31. VermicuVe (Fr.). Re- s e m b ling the i r r e gu 1 a r out lines of a map, or the tortu ous trail marks of a worm, as on old Sevres porcelain. 32. Vine Leaf . A diaper of leaves, tendrils,and flow ers, in blue or golden lustre, as seen on Hispano-Moresco plaques, etc. A pattern 22- Y -Diaper composed o f sym- metri-cal, three- armed f i g u r e s , resembling the letter Y. Common on old Chinese porcelain. SARY Gubbio Lustre. — See under Lustre. Guilloche. — See under Bor der Designs. Guinea Pattern. — A figure of a bird rudely painted on creamware i n bright colors, on a dappled or sponged ground of blue, green, etc; first produced in Staffordshire, England, early in the nineteenth cen tury. Guldan (Per.). — A Persian flower holder, of jar form, with a central tube and surrounding tubes rising from the shoulder. Guttus. — A lamp-feeder, or filler; a circular, flat vessel with a ring handle atone side, and a spout rising from the front. Common in Southern Italy. 56 H Hanap. — A large drinking vessel or cup of precious material and of elaborate workmanship, used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, to serve dignitaries. A goblet- shaped cup of earthenware, with handle and spout, as in Henri Deux ware. Handle. — The protuber ance or projection at the side, back, front or top of a vase, teapot, jug, cup, bowl or other vessel, by which it can be raised or carried. i . Aiguiere. Ornately modeled in the form of a man, satyr, serpent, etc., as the handles of Henri Deux ewers. See Aiguiere. i. B-Shape. A double curve, one above the other, resembling the letter B, as on old English Tygs. See Tyg- 3. Bail. Rising above and across the top of a vessel like the handle of a pail or basket, as on a Chinese teapot, etc. 4. Barberini. A plain handle of curved-right- angle form, as of the Bar berini, or Portland vase ; found on Turner stoneware jugs, ete. See Portland Vase. 5. Bottger. A handle with the ends curled in opposite directions, with the larger and inward curve above, like an interrogation mark. Frequently found on the red stoneware teapots ot Johann Friedrich Bottger of Dresden (1709- 171 9) and on later wares. Also called §)uery Handle. See Bottger Ware. 57 GLOSSARY 3- 6. Branch. See Rustic be low.7. Bristol. A figure shape handle, peculiar to Bris tol hard paste porcelain cups. 8. C- Shape. A bent han dle with both ends curled in, resembling the letter C. 9. Classical. A long, up right loop rising above, and parallel with, the upper rim of a vase, as of the urn-shaped jasper or black basaltes of Josiah Wedg wood, and of Minton vases. Derived from the Greek Lekane. 10. Colonial. A plain curved or semi- cordate handle, as on old Liver- p o o 1 creamware jugs, ordinary china tea cups, mugs, etc. 1 1 . Columnar. A straight, vertical column, or pair of col umns j oininj the upper pro jecting edge of a vase with 16. D- Shape. Like a bow, the bulging body beneath, as on Apulian Kraters. 12. Crabstock. See Rustic, below. 13. Crock. A horizontal ear-shape shelf at each side of a pot tery or stoneware crock or jar, with a hollow beneath in which the fingers of the hand are inserted to raise the vessel. 14. Crossed. Two vertical or horizontal strap -like strips crossed, and usually terminating at the ends in antefixes. Found on old Canton pieces, improperly called " Lowestoft," and on old Leeds cups, teapots, bowls, etc. See Sinico- Lowestoft, also Plaited, be low. 15. Curled. The lower end recurved or rolled outward into a curl, form ing a ring, as on old Grenzhausen (Wester- wald) and other German stoneware. 5« GLOSSARY .^ resembling the letter D, as on Wedg wood and Adams tea pots, etc. 17. Dipper. A straight bar, either hollow or solid, as that of a ladle or dipper, English salt glaze creamer, etc. 18. Dog. Modeled in the form of a gray hound or other dog. See Dog Han dle Pitcher. 19. Dragon. Modeled in the form of a lizard, or dragon, either naturalistic or conventionalized, as on Chinese porcelain vases, incense burners, cups, etc. 20. Ear -Shape. A vertical curved handle resembling the outline of a human ear, having a large curve above and a smaller one beneath, as in old Sevres teapots, teacups, etc. 21. Elliptical. A plain oval handle without ornaments or projections, as that of the ordinary porcelain tea pot, or teacup, of English manufacture. 22. Eyelet. A small ver tical ring or loop on water bottles or other vessels for passing a cord through for suspension. 23. Figure. An upright, horn-like handle, modeled in the form of an angel, cupid, griffin, or other fig ure, as on old French por celain vases. 24. Figure Seven. See Pointed, below. 25. Flat -Iron. Resemb ling the handle of a flat iron, the straight bar being vertical, joined to the body by scrolls. Found on old English silver lustre pitchers, etc. 26. Forked. A handle which divides at the end and joins the body in two places. 27. Gothic. Conventional, angular form, as on white stone ware jugs made by C. J. Meigh, Staffordshire, about 1 840. 59 GLOSSARY 28. Greek. A horizontal loop, curving slightly up ward as those of the Greek Kylix, Kalpis, Krater, etc. 29. Horn - Shape. Like an upright, straight or curved horn rising from the oppo site shoulders of a vase, as on some French forms, or on the so-called Chinese "Lowestoft" vases. See Horned, under Vase. 30. Knob. A protuberance in the form of a ball, or modeled to represent a human mask, an animal, animal's head, etc., at the side of a vessel, such as a vase, sugar-bowl, etc. 31. Lift. A shelf- shaped handle, or clutch, at the front of a large pitcher, for lifting, in conjunction with the back handle. 32. Lizard's Tail. Termi nating at the lower end in a long point, which runs down the body of a vessel, resembling the tail of a lizard, as on old German and Flemish stoneware. 22- Olpe. A long upright loop, rising above and at a right angle to the upper rim of a vessel, like the handle of a Greek Olpe, as seen on Tucker (Philadelphia) vase-shaped pitchers. 34. Plaited. Similar to a Crossed Handle, but having three or more intertwined strips, instead of two. 35. Pointed. Shaped some what like a fig ure seven, with a point at the upper part, as seen in the handles of Eng lish lustre ware jugs. 36. Pretzel. In the form of a pretzel, as on Swansea and' Nantgarw cups. 37. ^j Shape. A ring with a curved tail, standing at a right angle with the side of a cup, etc., as in Adams P 60 GLOSSARY jasper, Sevres porcelain (l837)> etc- See Semiove, under Cup. 38. Rectangular. Of rec tangular or square shape, as on a vase, teacup, R h o d i a n mug, etc. 29- Ring. A complete cir cle, or ring, attached flat to the side of a vessel, or pend ant and swinging. 40. Rococo. Scrolled, as on jugs and cups of old English copper lustre ware, etc. T^P 41. Rustic. Resembling the branch of a tree. Same as Crabs toe k. A x / distinction is sometimes made between Crabstock and Branch, the latter having a secti on, some times half an inch long, projecting from the form main stalk, which in the former is cut off. 42. Sceptre. In the of a broad, flat Ju-i Sceptre, ris ing vertically from each side of an incense burner. Chinese. 43. Serpentine. In the form of a snake, or intertwined serpents, as on vases of Italian maiolica. 44. Shell- Shape. I n t h e form of a fresh water, land or sea shell, as in French tin-enameled tureens, etc. 45. Strap. A flat loop, or broad ring, bent like a curved or rectangular strap, and attached to the sides of a vessel, as a Pilgrim bot tle, for passing cords through for suspension. See Pilgrim Bottle. 46. Swan's Neck. A long slender, volute handle, as of a cup, usually rising above the side of a vessel and terminating in a bird's head or other conventional device. 61 GLOSSARY 47. Volute. Terminating in a wheel-like scroll above the top of a vase, as a Greek Krater. 48. Winged. A flat, up right, wing shaped han dle projecting at a right angle from the side of a vase, of Hispano-Moresco or Moorish form. Hand-of-Buddha Citron.- A decorative motive used in Chinese art. See Fitzhugh Pattern. Hard Paste Porcelain. — Porcelain made of kaolin and feldspar. Called Pate Dure by the French. Harlequin Glaze. under Glaze. See A n Harvest Bottle. annular, or ring- shaped bottle, of stoneware or pot tery, so-called be cause of the belief that it was carried on the arm of the harvester while he worked in the field. Hat Stand. — Aporcelain stand for holding a hat. Found in Chinese porcelain. Hawthorn Pattern. — The so-called " Haw thorn," or " Plum Blossom " deco ration of Chinese porcelain was developed in the K'ang-hsi reign, and the superb spherical jars with bell-shaped covers, painted with plum blos soms in rich, deep blue, date from this period. There are four distinct varieties of the blue and white hawthorn pattern, — the "ascending stem," the "descending stem," the "scattered blossom," and the "cluster blossom," in which stemless flowers are arranged in groups. Helmet Pitcher. — A cream jug of stone ware or porce lain, in the form of an in verted helmet, made by Chinese potters for the European and American 62 GLOSSARY markets, in so-called Low estoft style, or in Canton china. Heraldic China. — See Armorial China. Henri Deux Faience (Fr.). — A lead glazed pottery of fine white clay, with im pressed patterns inlaid with clays of different colors, and with modeled designs in high relief. Made near Oiron, France, between 1530 and 1560. Also called Faience d' Oiron, Faience a Niellure and Faience Porchaire. Hinged Cover. — See Hinged, under Cover. Hispano-Moresco Ware. — A Stannif erous pot tery, with m etallic lustres and blue deco rations, made in Spain un der Moorish influence from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century. Also called Hispano-Moresque. Ho -Ho. — The Japanese name for the Phoenix; an Imperial Emblem of Japan. See Feng-huang. Holmos.-A wine vessel, or gob let, on tall stem. Classical. Hot Water Dish. — A double plate with hollow space between, and small orifice on rim through which hot water is poured to keep the contents of the plate warm. Chinese. For the European market. Also frequently found in old pewter. Hunting Pitcher. — A brown glazed jug with hunting scenes in relief. See Dog Handled Pitcher. Hyacinth. See under Bor der Designs. Hydria. — A vase for water carrying, with two horizontal, loop handles at sides, and a large up right handle at back Classical. 63 Imperial Yellow. — See un der Yellow. Incense Burner. — A vase or jar with perforated cover, in which incense is burned. India China. — A name im properly given to Canton China, which see. Inglaze Decoraton. — The ornamention of a vessel by painting on the unfired glaze, which latter becomes incorporated with the deco ration when baked in the kiln. Insufflation. — The process of applying color to the surface of the porcelain by blowing the liquid glaze through a tube, at the far end of which is stretched a piece of gauze. The fine spray of color bursts into tiny bubbles and settles on the ware, producing a fine ly speckled or spotted effect. Used by Chinese potters, particularly in the K'ang-hsi and Ch'ien-lung periods. See Powder, un der Blue, Tea Dust, Iron Rust, etc. Also Sunder land, under Lustre. Intaglio. - Came o ration. -The opposite ot Sunken deco- Interlocking Circles. -See under Border Designs. Iron Rust. — Souffle glaze of metallic aspect resembling rusted iron, used by Chi- 64 GLOSSARY nese potters in the Ch'ien- lung and later reigns. Ironstone China. — Same as Stone China. A commercial ware for table and toilet purposes. Also called White Granite, Hotel China, etc. Istoriato (It.). — Figure painting, his- torical,myth- ological, etc., especiallycharacteristic of Urbino and Faenza maiolica. 65 1 Jackfield. — A variety of red pottery covered with a brilliant black glaze. Sometimes deco rated with reliefs, gilding and enamel colors. Made by Thursfield at Jackfield, Shropshire, England, in the eighteenth century. Japan Pattern. — Panels alternatel y white and blue, with red, green, | and gold deco- rations, in which the Japanese chry- santhemum,or imperial crest (kiku-mon), appears, as in early Worcester cups, sau cers, plates, etc. Usually bearing the square mark in blue. Jar. — A deep vessel, of cylindrical or ovoid form, with a wide mouth, and flat base, as a pickle jar, haw thorn jar, etc., the latter having a dome-shaped or cap cover. Jardiniere. — A large flower pot, tray, stand or box, of more or less decorative character, for growing plants, or cut flowers. Jasper. — A dense, vitrified, opaque, unglazed stoneware, containing a considerable percentage of carbonate or sulphate of baryta, either tinted throughout the body, when it is called Solid Jasper or (after 1785) only on the surface, when it is called Surface, or Dipped, Jasper, having applied re lief designs in white or other colors. Produced by Josiah Wedgwood from 1775 to 1795, and by his imitators. See Border De signs. 66 GLOSSARY Jesuit China. — Chinese por celain painted with Christian . subjects, copied' from European engravings and prints. Jet Ware. — A pottery with a jet black glaze. See Jackfield. Joss-Stick Holder. — A re ceptacle for Joss (a corruption of the Portuguese word Dios), or perfumed sawdust, some times in the form of a lion on a pedestal from which springs a little tube, in which the Joss-sticks are inserted. Jug. — A vessel with swelling body and a han dle, usually with a bottle mouth, to be closed with a cork. For holding mo lasses, vinegar and other liquids. Also a small pitcher or cream jug. Ju-i Head. — See under Bor der Designs. 67 K Kakiyemon. — A style of cer amic paint ing, consist ing of sprays of f 1 o w e r s , small groups of birds, symbols, etc., scattered spagingly over the surface, in bright colors. So named from its originator, a Jap anese potter at Imari, in the province of Hizen. Kalpis. — A modified hydria, with two sides handles and up right handle at back, which does not rise above the rim, used for oil, water, etc. Classical. Kantharos. cup on a — A drinking- high. stem, with two ' long loop han dles rising at right angles from the rim and sweeping down to the base of the bowl. Classical. Karchesion. — A variety of Kantharos, or two-handled cup, the bowl being some what contracted in the mid dle. Classical. Kelebe. — A variety of Krater, with columnar han dles extending from the rim to the ovoid body. Classical. See Columnar, under Handle. Key Pattern. — See Fret. Knob. — See Cover Finial. Koro. — An in cense burner. Japanese. Kothon. — A cup with re curved mouth, for holding incense or drinking water. Classical. 68 GLOSSARY Kotyle. — A cup for drawing wine, having a flat base, broad er than that of a skyphos and two horizon tal loop handles projecting from the upper rim. Clas sical. Kotyliskos. — A small -m toilet vase of elongated [) form, narrowing tow- \ / ard the small flat base. Classical. Krater. — A large mouthed ves sel, with two handles, for mixing wine with water. Lucanian Krater, with four handles, two horizontal and two up right. There are various oth er forms, such as the Calyx- shaped, the B ell-shaped, ide- the Volute-handled, the Col umn-handled, etc. Classical. Kuan Yin. — Chinese Goddess of Mercy ; usually in porcelain, sometimes holding an infant in her arms. Kyathos. — A ladle-like cup, with f o o t and long, upright loop handle at one side, for dip ping out wine from the Krater. Classical. Kylichne. — A little Kylix. Classical. Kylix. — A shallow bowl with two horizon tal, up ward curving loop han dles, and supported by a long stem and foot. Clas sical. 69 Label. — An oval, square, or shield - shaped tag bearing the name of a liquor, for hanging on a decanter, as the delft labels of Liver pool, the porcelain labels of Meissen, etc. Lace Bowl. — A variety of Rice Grain por- celain, with lace- rag§§£5f like designs, at tributed to the Ch'ien-lung Reign (1736- 1795). Chi nese. Lambrecluins (Fr.). — A convention alized pat tern suggest ed by the radiating tracer ies and pendant ornamenta tion of a lambrequin. First used on old St. Cloud and Rouen faience. Lange Lysen, or Lange Lijsen (Long Elizas). — Chinese porcelain vases with paintings of long, graceful girls; so called by old Dutch collectors and in auction catalogues. Lang Yao. — Chinese name for Sang de Boeuf. Liter ally Lang Pottery, from the name of Lang T'ing-tso, who was a viceroy in the beginning of the reign of K'ang-hsi. Lantern. — A vase of vary ing form, — circular, hex agonal, etc., — with perfor ated sides, as Chinese porcelain. Lapis -Lazuli Blue. — See under Crackle. Laque Burgautee (Fr.). — Black lacquered porcelain inlaid with mother-of-pearl designs, made by the Chi nese potters in the K'ang- hsi period (1 662-1 722). Lathe. — A machine similar to a potter's wheel, on which vessels in the dry clay state are revolved to 70 GLOSSARY have the surface shaved evenly. Sometimes used in the same sense as Wheel. Laurel. — See under Border Designs. Lava Ware. — A variety of stoneware made by German potters. See Rustic, under Lustre. Lavabo. — Same as Laver. Laver. — See under Bowl. Lead Glaze. — See under Glaze. Lebes. — Similar in form to the Deinos, but used as a kettle in cooking. Classical. Lekane.-A covered jar with two ver tical handles, and cover often elab orately modeled. Classical. Lekythos. — An oil cruet, of tall, cylindrical form, with foot, long, slen der neck, cup-shaped top, and a vertical loop handle back ofthe neck. Classical. Lemon Yellow.- Yellow. -See under Lepaste. — A covered dish or bowl, with horizontal loop handles, stem and foot. Classical. Libation Cup. — See under Cup. Liquor Label. — See Label. Lid. — A cover attached to a tankard, mug, snuff-box or other object by a hinge. See Cover. Lily Pattern. — A design in blue consisting of vertical panels each one contain ing a stiff stalk with curved spikes branch ing from the sides and a group of bulb-shaped flow ers. Found on soft paste porcelain of the Worcester factory ofthe late eighteenth century and early nine teenth. Lip. — The nose-shaped pro jection at the front of the upper edge of a jug or pitcher, through which the contents are poured. i. Angular. With straight sides meeting at a sharp angle. GLOSSARY 2. Arched. With top arch ing above the level of the top of the vessel. 3. Colonial. With upper edge in a straight line, and a continuation of, the top of the vessel, as in a Liver pool jug. See Colonial, under Handle. 4. Curved. With concavi ty of rounded or guttered form, as in ordinary pitch ers or cream jugs. 5. Hawk's Beak. Arched and curved' downward and running to a point, like the beak of a hawk, as in some old cop per lustre pitchers. 6. Masked. With model ed mask in front, or im mediately below. Some times called a Bellarmine lip. 7. Pinched. Drawn into a point by pinch ing and pulling the front of the circular mouth, as in Lambeth brown stone ware jugs. 8. Trefoil. With central concavity and an additional curve at each side, like a Greek Oinochbe. 9. Tubular . Enclosed above, forming a short tube like the end of a funnel. Lithophane. — See Litho phanie. Lithophanie . — The pro cess of modeling intaglio designs and casting them in thin sheets of translucent porcelain (lithophane) bis cuit so that the light shin ing through the different thicknesses of the ware produces the lights and shadows of a picture. Used for lamp shades and win dow transparencies. Liver Color. — A glaze of the tint of uncut calf s liver, often seen on Chinese por celain. Long Eliza. — See Lange Lysen. Longwy Enamel. — See Cluny Enamel. 72 GLOSSARY Lord Coventry Pattern.- A decorative pattern com posed o f a spray of small rose buds with a branch of large leaves, and one or two but terflies, in colored relief, covering the entire surface of plates, cups and saucers, etc. Produced at the Worcester, Chelsea and other factories. It is said that this design was origi nally produced for Lord Coventry, who had become blind. Lotus. — See under Border Designs. Loving Cup. — A large drink ing vessel, of cylindrical, hemispherical, or other form, with two or more handles. Lowestoft Porcelain. — Soft paste porcelain made at Lowestoft, England, during the second half of the eighteenth century, in imitation of Chinese, Wor cester, and Bow shapes and decorations. Hard paste porcelain, improperly called or " Lowestoft," i s Chinese throughout. Lumetto (It.). — Stannifer ous white tracery, usually on a blue, or Berrettino ground, as on old Italian maiolica. Lustration Vase. — A Buddhist vessel, o f v a r i e d form, intended for cere monial ablution. Chinese. Lustre. — An iridescent metallic film on the sur face of pottery or porce lain, produced by the re duction of metallic salts in the reverberatory furnace. i. Brianchon. Pearly, or nacreous, lustre, of various tints, invented by Brian chon, a French chemist, about 1857, produced from salts of bismuth. Used principally on Belleek por celain. 2. Brown, or Bronze. A lustrous brown glaze, on pottery figures, etc., pro duced by Wedgwood and other potters. 3. Burgos. Same as Mad- reperla. 73 GLO SSARY 4. Cangiante, or Changiante (Fr.). — Changing when viewed from different angles. See Madreperla, and Violet, below. 5. Copper. A non-irides cent coating, of burnished copper color, on English pottery and porcelain of the early nineteenth cen tury, produced by oxide of copper. 6. Crushed Strawberry. Copper lustre covered with rose lustre, producing a color closely approaching that known as crushed strawberry. English. 7. Gold. A non-iridescent metallic coating, resembling deep red gold, on English pottery of the early nine teenth century. A fine quality of Copper Lustre. 8. Golden. An iridescent golden sheen on Hispano- Moresco and Persian pot tery, of the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. 9* Green. A prismatic green glaze on common pottery, made by native potters at several places in Mexico. 10. Gubbio. A brilliant, iridescent, metallic lustre, originated by Maestro Giorgio Andreoli, a cele brated potter at Gubbio, Italy. Found on maiolica of the sixteenth and seven teenth centuries. A term applied particularly to a beautiful, rich ruby red. Reproduced on modern ware. Urbino and other old lustreless maiolica wares were sometimes sent to Gubbio to be lustred. 11. Madreperla (Fr. Nacr'e). A prismatic, sil very lustre of the tint of mother-of-pearl, found on old Italian maiolica and Hispano-Moresco pottery. See Cangiante. 12. M arbled. Same as Sunderland Lustre. 13. Pink. A thin, irides cent metallic coating, of deep pink, or rose color, on English pottery or por celain of the early part of the nineteenth century, produced from gold, thinly applied. More properly Rose Lustre. 74 GLOSSARY 14. Purple. Similar to Pink Lustre, but of a more purple tone. 15. Reserve. A decoration used on Silver, or Rose Lus tre, in which the pattern is reserved in white, or some other ground color, beneath the lustre, or metallic coating. 16. Resist. serve. Same as Re- 17. Rose. See Pink Lustre. 18. Ruby (It. Rubino). Same as Gubbio. Also found on Persian and His- pano-Moresco wares. 19. Rustic. Relief flowers and leaves, or rococo de signs, covered with silver, or old English creamware, on German stoneware, or "lava" ware. 20. Silver (Solid). A non- iridescent, metallic coating, resembling burnished sil ver, produced from plati num, on English pottery and porcelain of the early nineteenth century. 21, Silver (Painted). Deco rations painted in Silver Lustre with a brush on % , white or tinted pottery or porcelain. 22. Silver (Reserve). See Reserve, above. 23. Silver (Resist). See Reserve, above. 24. Spotted. derland. Same as Sun- 25. Steel. A non-irides cent, metallic coating, re sembling steel, also pro duced from platinum. 26. Sunderland. A rose and white marbled lustre on English pottery and por celain of the early teenth century, usually produced by insufflation, or by the use of a brush, at Sunderland and other places in England. nine- 75 GLOSSARY 27. Violet. A beautiful Persian and Hispano- prismatic lustre of violet Moresco pottery, and tint when viewed at one rarely found on old Staf- angle, sometimes changing fordshire pottery. See to blue or ruby when view- Cangiante. ed from another. On old 76 M Madreperla Lustre. under Lustre. Magenta. — See under Red. Maiolica, or Majolica. — A soft pottery of buff or gray color covered with hard stanniferous enamel, on which figure scenes and other designs are painted in colors. Made in Italy from the fifteenth century, down to the present time, and in Spain and Mexico in the seventeenth century and later. Maiolica was lustred a t Gubbio, Pesaro and Diruta. Marbled Lustre. — See un der Lustre. Marbled Ware. — See Combed Ware. Compare with Agate Ware. Marly or Marli. — The flat, or curved, part of a plate between the centre, or cavetto, and the edge. ¦ See Mark. — A name, monogram, letter, or other device, im pressed, raised, scratched, painted, printed, or stencil ed on pottery, stoneware, or porcelain, indicating the fac tory where the ware was made, its date, maker, or decorator. i. Apocryphal. A false mark copied from a legiti mate mark of an earlier period, as frequently found on Chinese porcelains. 2. Date. A mark bear ing a date, letter, figure, tjt or arbitrary device rep resenting a date, as the chronological marks of the Sevres (H representing the date 1760), Worcester, and Rookwood factories, etc. 3. Decorator s. A name, letter, cipher, or sym- tt» bol, placed on the ware by the decorator, or gilder, as seen on old Sevres por- 77 GLOSSARY celain (a quiver of arrows being the mark of La Guay), Roodwood pottery, etc.4. Dedication. An inscrip tion expressing a send- j^ ment of good will, as .i. "Great Good Luck." Chinese. 5. Factory. The official trade-make of a manu- « factory, such as the *J"" anchor of the Chelsea fac tory, the crossed swords of Meissen, the crescent ofthe early Worcester porcelain, the stork of the Hague factory, etc. 6. Imitative. Factory marks are sometimes •«. suggested by the older *a' marks of celebrated wares, such as the simulated Chi nese marks used by the Elers Brothers of England and Bottger of Dresden, on their red stonewares, the square "Chinese" mark of the Worcester factory, etc. 7. Laudation. A character or inscription praising the piece marked, as the character for "Jade." Chinese. X £ 8. Merchant's. A device used in the sixteenth and seventeenth cen turies on Flemish and Rhen ish stoneware, frequently resembling the figure 4, often combined with a cross, or the chrisma, or first two letters of the Greek word for Christ. Similar to some of the printers' colophons ofthe same period. 9. Pattern. A number, or name, painted or printed on the ware for the purpose of recording a decorative pat tern, as used extensively by the English makers of por celain. 10. Potter's. A character or other device repre- /=v senting the name ofthe ^3f potters, as found on some Chinese porcelains and much of the pottery of Japan, as that of the cele brated Japanese potter, Ninsei. 1 1 . Registration. A mark used to indicate that a piece of ware has been registered or patented, as the lozenge mark of the Registration of Designs 78 GLOSSARY Office of England, used by potters throughout the Kingdom, between 1842 and 1883. 12. Symbolic. A pictorial device representing an emblem or sym bol of established signifi cance, as the diamond and ribbon (symbol of victory). Chinese. 13. Ware. The name of the ware, as "Stone China," " Pearl Ware," etc. 14. Workman's. An initi al, numeral, or simple char- actor, used by a workman in a factory, as frequently found on old Worcester porcelain, Staffordshire pot tery, etc. Maroon. — See under Red. Marseilles Pattern. — A border divided into three arches with re lief rococo frames, alter nating with three plain panels, with relief floral de sign running around the cavetto. In the six panels and in the centre are usually paintings of birds and flowers. Martabani. — A name ap plied to old celadon pottery or stoneware, supposed to have been made at Marta- ban, in ancient Siam. So- called by the Arabs and Persians. Martha Washington China. — A service of hard paste porcelain,made in Chi na and deco rated with the monogram of M a r t h a Washington surrounded by a gold sunburst, and a chain of fifteen links, each containing the name of one of the States. Presented to Mrs. Washington by Captain Jacob van Braam. Extensively copied during the last quarter of the nine teenth century. Marzacotto (It.). — The thin film of lead glaze on the surface of Italian maio lica, to increase the brillian cy of the decorations. Mat Glaze. — See under Glaze. 79 GLOSSARY Mazarine Blue. — See under Blue. Meander Pattern. — Same as "Walls of Troy", "Greek Fret", "Key", etc. See Fret, under Border Designs. Meat Dish. — A shallow cir cular dish of large size, for holding meat or game. See Platter. Megarian Bowl. — A hem ispherical pot tery bowl of red clay, covered with a thin metallic black, brown or yellow wash, with out handles, and with relief decorations, made in imita tion of Homeric chased metal vessels. The name is derived from Megara, an ancient Greek city. A prototype of the Aretine and Samian wares, and dat ing from the third century, B. C Melon Ware. — Creamware modeled and colored in imitation of a melon. Made by Whieldon, Josiah Wedgwood, and other English potters in the latter half of the eighteenth century. Mezza Maiolica. — A variety of common Italian pottery covered with a coat ing of white slip, on which the decoration was painted. This was glazed with lead and frequently lustred, the true maiolica being glazed with tin. See also Bianchetto. Mice China. — Porcelain decorated with small figures ofV squirrels in re lief (so-called mice). nese. Midnight Conversation Jug. — A brown stoneware jug with relief de sign, after Hogarth, of the " Midnight Modern Conversa tion," made at Fulham, England, about the middle ofthe eighteenth century. Mirror Black. — A brilliant polished black glaze on Chinese porcelain, of the K'ang-hsi reign. Mocha Ware. — Creamware ornamented with dentritic or moss like designs, an effect produced by touching the ground color of the 80 GLOSSARY ware, while wet, with a brush containing liquid black, brown, blue or green pigment, which spreads out in delicate arborescent tra ceries. So-called because of its resemblance to the Mocha stone, or moss agate. Produced by William Adams of Tunstall, Eng land and other English potters, early in the nine teenth century. Mohammedan Blue. — See under Blue. Monteith. — A large bowl, of circular jffijgy/gvj^, o r ellipti cal form, with deeply notched rim, in which wine glasses were hung by their feet to cool their bowls in water. Monteiths at first (about 1683) were made of silver and frequently had movable rims to permit of their use as punch bowls. In the eighteenth and early nine teenth centuries they were also made of pottery and porcelain. A late form of Monteith is a glass finger bowl with two lips opposite each other. The word is supposed to have been de rived from the name of a fantastic Scot, who wore a cloak so notched at the bottom. See Rincoir, and Verriere. Mooning. — Same as Grease Spots. Mortier-A-Cire. — A prim itive, but decorative, cup- shaped lamp, for holding a wax-light, as in Henri Deux faience. Moulding. — Forming ves sels in moulds with. plastic clay. Mourning Jugs. — Brown stoneware drinking vessels with geometrical patterns in black and white enamels often touched with gold, produced at Kreussen, Germany, in the seven teenth and eighteenth cen turies. Mug. — A drinking vessel with handle and with or without a lid or cover, for holding cider, ale and other beverages. Drinking mugs, known in Germany as "steins," for the reason that they are usually of stone- GLOSSARY ware, are frequently pro vided with hinged pewter lids. See Can. Also Tankard. i. Barrel-Shape. With outward curving sides, like a barrel. 2. Bell-Shape. With bulg- ing body, re curved lip and a foot, or basal rim, as in early Worcester mugs. 3. Cylindrical. With vertical sides and flat base, tall er than broad. 4. Elers. Cylindrical, with outward curving top, as the red stoneware mugs of the Elers Brothers. See Elers Ware. 5. Hour-Glass Shape. With sides curving in ward. 6. Square. Of low, broad form, the width p= being nearly equal to the height, whose vertical sec tion forms a square, as Adams, Turner and Spode stoneware cider mugs. Mussulman Blue. — Same as Mohammedan Blue. Mustard Yellow Crackle . — See under Crackle. 82 N Nankin China.- China. -See Canton Natural Soft Paste Por celain. — Soft paste por celain or bone china, con taining a large percentage of bone dust, or phosphate of lime. Made by Eng lish and American manu facturers late in the eigh teenth and through the nineteenth century. Night Lamp. — See Veilleuse. Nozzle -Hole. — A square, round, or triangular hole, low down in the back of a Bow porcelain figure or group, for insertion of metal stem, to support a nozzle for holding a candle. o Oak Leaf and Acorn. — See under Border Designs. Oinochoe. — A jug usually with trefoil lip, used for pouring wine into the drinking- cups. Classical. Oiron, Faience d' (Fr.).- See Henri Deux Faience. Olpe. — A variety of Oinochoe with high handle and no marked neck. Classical. Ongarescha (It.). — A cup or bowl, mounted on a stem and foot. Same as Piadene. 83 GLOSSARY Onion Pattern. — A popular design found on Meissen porcelain, consisting of a border of Japanese peaches and pomegranates, with peonies and leaves. Centres of plates are decorated with a large aster and a branch twisted around a bamboo stem, with leaves and blos soms. Orange Peel. — A rough or pitted surface on certain Chinese porcelains, resem bling that of an orange skin, produced by stippling with a brush while the ground tinting is wet. OvERGLAZE DECORATION. The ornamentation of a vessel by painting or print ing designs on the glazed surface. Ox Blood. See under Red. Oxybaphon. — A variety of Krater, with ^ two horizon tal, loop, or "Greek" han dles near the top, for holding wine mixed with water. Classical. 84 Palissy Ware. — A lead glazed pot tery with/ modeled de signs of ser pents, lizards, frogs, shells, etc., made by Bernard Palissy at Saintes, France, about the middle of the sixteenth century. Called also Rustiques Figulines. Palmette. — See under Border Designs. Parian. — A hard paste por celain produced by the casting process and usually unglazed. First made in England about 1842. So named because it was thought to resemble in ap pearance the marble of Paros. Paste. — The substance, or body of pottery and por celain, as Hard Paste, Soft Paste, etc. See Porcelain. Also Body. Pastille Burner. — An in cense burner, usually of small size. Made by Josiah Wedg wood, Josiah Spode and other English potters. Patch Box. — A small box, usually of porcelain or enamel, with hinged cover, on the inside of which a mirror is frequently insert ed ; for holding small patches of court plaster. Carried by ladies in the eighteenth century. Pate Dure (Fr = ). — The French term for Hard Paste Porcelain. Pate Sur PATE(Fr.). — Clay on Clay. Designs painted on porcelain with white porcelain slip, as Solon's work on Minton's so ft paste i n England, and Doat's work on Sevres hard paste in France. 85 GLOSSARY PateTendre (Fr.). — Fritted, or artificial soft paste por celain of the French pot ters. A glassy composition forming a connecting link between true hard paste porcelain and glass. The earliest porcelain made at Vincennes, Sevres and other French factories. Patriotique Faience (Fr.).— See Faience Patriotique. Peach Bloom. — A mottled pink glaze of the color of the skin of a peach, often interspersed with flecks of bright green. Pro duced by Chinese potters in the K'ang-hsi period. Also, but less properly, called '¦'¦Peach Blow." Known to French collectors as " Peau-de-Peche'' Pear Skin. — A rough sur face resembling the rind of a pear, produced by stip pling with a brush while wet. Peasants' Dance (Bauerntan z- Kriige). - Drinking i vessels of a reddish brown salt-glazed stoneware made at Jug Raeren, in the old pro vince of Limburg, Flan ders, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with a frieze of dancing figures, accompanied by inscrip tions. Also produced later in gray stoneware at Grenz- hausen, Germany. Peau-de-Peche. — Same as Peach Bloom. Pedestal. — A stand, or sup port, for a vase, of cylindri cal, square, or polygonal form, used to elevate a vase placed thereon. Usually provided with a moulded border at top and a plinth at bottom. See Plinth. Peinture Sur Email Cru (Fr.). — The painting of de signs on the unbaked enamel, which after firing presents the appearance of underglaze decoration. The process used atNevers, Rouen, Moustiers, etc., in the decoration of tin glazed faience. Peinture Sur Email Cuit (Fr.). — The painting of 86 GLOSSARY designs on the baked enamel, which after firing presents the appearance of overglaze decoration. The process used at Marseilles, Strasbourg, etc., in the decoration of tin -glazed faience. Pelike. — An amphora, or wine jar, with pear- shaped body, wide, open mouth, two handles, and no stem or neck. Classical. Pencil Rest. — A small rack with grooves /^ to lay pencils or ^ ^ brushes in. Chinese. Pepper Shaker. — A small bottle with finely perforated top and a hole in the bottom through which t o introduce the pepper. See Salt Shaker. Perfume Sprinkler. — A small pear - shaped vessel with long slender neck termi nating in a small orifice. Chinese. P. G. — An abbreviation of Paris Granite, or Pearl Granite. A trade term. White Granite, with a pearly body or glaze. Pharmacy Jar. — See Albarello. Phiale. — A saucer, or bowl, for libations. It has a raised boss in centre to admit the thumb under neath, but no handle. Classical. Piadene. (It.). — See Onga- rescha. Pie Crust Ware. — Un glazed pot- ^g||pM|®? tery dish ISS^s with cover in imitation of pie crust, made by Wedgwood and other English potters, as a covering for pies, to avoid the use of flour in times of scarcity. See Dummy. Pie Plate. — See under Plate. Pilgrim Bottle. - teen-shaped vase, flattened on the two opposite sides, sometimes having two or more strap handles, through which a cord can can- 87 GLOSSARY be passed for convenience in carrying. Pill Slab. — A flat slab of porcelain, or stone china, used by druggists to roll pills on. Pinax. — A plate. Classical. Pineapple Ware. — Cream ware modeled and colored in imita tion of a pine apple. Made in England by Thomas Whieldon and other pot ters in the eighteenth cent ury. Pink Crackle. — See under Crackle. Pink Lustre. — See under Lustre. Pin Holes. — The fine pores or depressions in the glaze of hard porcelain, particularly in the Chinese. Pipe. — A receptacle in which tobacco is placed for smoking. i. Coiled. A white clay pipe with stem many feet in length, coiled into compact form, made in Staffordshire in the early part of the nine teenth century. 2. Fairy. A white clay pipe with di minutive bowl and long stem, popular in England when tobacco was first introduced there, in the latter part of the sixteenth century. 3. Heeled. An early form of white clay -^ pipe, with a a f^/ flat heel at ~~®^ the base of the bowl, usually containing the im pressed name, initials or mark of the maker. 4. Spurred. An early form of white clay pipe, hav ing a spur, or point, at the base of the bowl. Pistache. — See under Green. Pitcher. — A vessel with handle and lip for holding liquids. See Helmet Pitcher. Pithos. — A large cask or jar, of coarse pottery with wide, open mouth, for stor ing wine, honey, figs, grain and oil. Classical. GLOSSARY Pivoted Cover. — See un der Cover. Plaque. — i . A large circu lar, flat, orslightlv curved, surface, for wall decoration. 2. A flat circu lar, oval, rectangular, or irregular shaped tile for insertion in furniture. Plaquette. — A small plaque. Plate. — A shallow, table utensil, of circular or other form, usuallv with a flat rim, or marly, and a cavetto, or depression in the centre, as dinner plate, tea plate, soup plate, etc. 1 . Curved. Without a marly. 2. Hot Water. See Hot Water Dish. 3. Pie. A hollowed cir cular disc, notched around the edge, without flattened base or projecting rim, usually made of common red lead glazed pottery, in which pies are baked. 4. Reception. A tray of irregular form, with a cavetto at one side, for holding a cup or glass, and an elongation or ledge at the other, for holding cake or sandwiches. 5. Table. W i t h a broad marly and flat cavetto. Plateau (Fr. ). — A large decorated plate, or plaque, standing on a foot. Platter. — A large plate, usually of oval or elongated octagonal form, for serving meats, fish, etc. See Meat Dish. Plinth. — The base of a vase, on which it rests, usually of square, octagonal, tripod, or columnar form. Frequently made separate and fastened to the vase by means of a screw and nut. Plumbeous Glaze. — See under Glaze. Pokal. — A tall, stemmed, goblet-shaped vessel, usual ly surmounted with a cover. Pompadour Pink. — See Rose Pompadour. Porcelain. — Translucent, vitrified ware which has been fired at a high tempera ture. Porcelain de Monsieur. — Made at Clignancourt (Montmartre, Paris) under 89 GLOSSARY the patronge of Monsieur la Comte de Provence, brother of Louis XVI, afterwards Louis XVIII. Period of about 1 775-1 790. Porchaire, Faience (Fr.). — See Faience Porchaire. Portland Vase. — A cameo- carved glass urn or vase, of dark blue ground color 1 with white bas- reliefs, supposed to have been buried about 235 A. D., with the ashes of the Roman Emperor, Alexander Severus. It was exhumed during the pontificate of Barberini (Urban VIII.) early in the seventeenth century, and bought by the Duke of Portland in 1787. Josiah Wedgwood planned to make fifty copies in black and white Jasper for sub scribers, but it is believed that not more than thirty- five were completed. For merly called the Barberini Vase. Portobello Ware. — Eng lish lead glazed pottery, or white salt glaze, with rais ed designs stamped i on the surface, rep- S* £ resenting ships, for- g|L| tifications and fig ures of Admiral Vernon, the hero, a style originated by Astbury in commemo ration of the victory of Portobello in 1739. Posset Pot. — A rude earthen vessel for holding posset, or other (< liquor, of either cup or goblet shape, with without and or witnout a spout, possessing one or more handles, and sometimes a cover. Similar to a Caudle Pot. Pot Hook. — An S-shaped projection, or support, in side of the basal rim of hard paste Bristol (Eng land) platters and large dishes. See Basal Rim. Potiche (Fr.). — A vase of Chinese shape. Pot-Pourri Vase. — A vase for holding rose leaves and other! perfumes, having a perforated upper cover and some- 90 GLOSSARY times a close inner lid to shut in the odor when desired. Often met with in the jasper of Josiah Wedg wood, William Adams, and other English potters. Pottery. — Soft, lightly fired, opaque earthen ware. Powder Blue. ¦ der Blue. e e un- Printing. — See Transfer Printing. Prochoos — Asmalljug, with stem and high arched handle and body slightly taper ing downwards. Used for pouring out wine and for holding water to wash the hands. A modification ofthe Oinochoe. Classical. Psykter. — A wine cooler, of varying form. One variety has a ( spherical body, tall stem and short neck. Classical. Punch Bowl. — See under Bowl. Purple Lustre. — See un der Lustre. Puzzle Jug. — A drinking vessel with perfor ated sides and hol low tube extending around the upper rim from which project two or more little spouts. A hollow tube extends through the handle and opens inside of the jug near the base. By closing a hole in the under side of handle the contents can be drawn up through one of the spouts. Pyxis. — A cylindrical toilet- box, with flat cov er. U s e d b y ladies. Classical. a Quail Pattern. — A Kaki- yemon style of decoration, found on early fritted porce lain of the Worcester, Chelsea, Bow and other English factories, in which a pair of quails figure. Queen's Ware. — Soft white pottery of an ivory color made by Wedgwood near the end of the eighteenth century. Same as Cream Ware. Quill Box. — See Slip Cup. Quiver Pattern. — A style of decoration in which a quiver of arrows forms the principal motive, as on old Rouen faience. R Rayonnant (Fr.). — A style Red. — Glazes, backgrounds, of decoration on old French faience, particularly on on Rouen ware. Divided into sections, or compart ments, radiating from the central design, as painted on plates, etc. and decorations of various shades of red. i. Ashes of Ros es. A grayish rose, on Chinese porcelain of the K'ang-hsi and later reigns. 92 GLOSSARY 2. Coral. A coral, or brick red, often found on Chinese porcelain. Used extensively as a ground color in the K'ang-hsi and later reigns. 3. Iron. A dull, brownish red, produced from iron. Used on Chinese porcelain. 4. Lang Yao. The Chinese term for Sang de Boeuf or Ox Blood. 5. Magenta. A purplish shade of red ; popular in porcelain decoration in the third quarter of the nine teenth century. Named from the battle of Magenta fought in Italy in 1859. 6. Maroon. A shade of brownish red. 7. Ox Blood. A brilliant, transparent, crackled glaze of the color of fresh arterial blood, found on fine Chi nese porcelain ofthe K'ang- hsi reign. Same as Sang de Boeuf and Lang Yao. 8. Rosso di Virgilio (It.). The red of Virgilio. The name of a yellowish red color used to paint draper ies, etc., on Italian maiolica. See Vergiliotto. 9. Rouen. A dull, brown ish red found on old Rouen stanniferous faience. 10. Sang de Boeuf. Ox Blood, above. See 1 1 . Tomato. A bright red of the color of the skin of a ripe tomato. Found on old Chinese and other por celains. Red Figured Pottery. — Greek pottery with reserved red figure decoration in a black ground. Period from about 520 to 400 B. C. Red Porcelain. — See Boc- caro Ware, Elers Ware, Bottger Ware. Reeding. — Convex curved ribs placed side by side. Also called Ribbing. The reverse of Fluting. Reserve Lustre. — See un der Lustre. Resist Lustre. — See un der Lustre. 93 GLOSSARY Reticulated Porcelain. Porcelain with perforated o r WM» honeycombed designs produced by the Chinese, and later by Euro pean potters. The best examples belong to the K'ang-hsi period (1662- 1722). Rhyton. — A drinking horn, or cup, with a loop handle at the back, usually ter minating in the form of an animal's head, which cannot be set down until emptied. Classical. Rib. — A piece of wood or leather, used to smooth the out- 1 O side surface out- ^) of a^ vessel while being fashioned on the throwing wheel. Also called Profile. Ribbing. — Same as Reeding. Bibbon and Ivy Leaf. — See under Border Designs. Rice Grain. — Perforated decoration, , filled in with %?f«;:'2-'iv.: transparent ^= glaze. Frequently seen in Chinese porcelain of the Ch'ien-lung and later pe riods. Rincoir (Fr.). — A vessel in which wine glasses are cool ed, or rinsed. See Monteith. Robin's Egg Blue. — See under Blue. Rocaille. — Same as Rococo. Rockingham China. — Soft paste bone porcelain made at Swinton, England, on the estate of the Earl Fitz william, about 1825, marked with the Fitzwilliam crest. Rockingham Pottery. — Common, lead glazed earthenware made of white clay covered with a brown and yellow mottled glaze, produced at Swinton on the estate of the Marquis of Rockingham late in the eighteenth century, and made at other potteries in England and America to the present time. Also called " Tortoise Shell " ware. See Whieldon ware. Rococo. — Scrolled. Same as Rocaille. An ornamental style of modeling, com posed of scroll-work com- 94 GLOSSARY bined with conventionalized shell and rock-work. Orig inated in the Louis XIV. period, but generally known as the Louis XV. style. Romanesque. — See under Border Designs. Rose Back Porcelain. — Chinese porcelain of the Yung-cheng and Ch'ien- lung periods (1723-1795) with deep rose ground color. See Famille Rose. Rose DuBarry. — See Rose Pompadour. Rose Family. — See Famille Rose. Rose Lustre. — See under Lustre. Rose Pompadour. — A beautiful pink ground color invented by the chemist Hellot, in 1757, at Sevres in the reign of Louis the XV., and named in honor of Madam de Pompadour. Incorrectly called Rose Du Barry. While probably suggested by the Chinese "rose," which was first used near the beginning of the eighteenth century, the latter is darker and more purplish in tone. See Famille Rose. Rosette. — See under Border Designs. Rosso Antico. — A name given by Josiah Wedgwood to his red ware, which was inspired by the red stone ware of Elers and of Bottger. Rosso Di Vergilio. — See under Red. Ruby Lustre. — See under Lustre. Rustiques Figulines (Fr.). — See Palissy Ware. 95 Sack Bottle. — An English Delft jug with white ground and the word " Sack" painted in blue, usually accom panied by a date of the seventeenth century. Sagger. — A fire clay box, or receptacle, in which pot tery or porcelain is fired in the kiln. Also called Seggar. Sake Bottle. — A pottery bottle usually square, for holding rice liquor, called Sake. Japanese. Saliera (It.). — A salt cellar, as of Italian maiolica. Saline Glaze. — See under Glaze. Salt Glaze. — See under Glaze. Salt Glaze Ware. — White stoneware cov ered with salt glaze, made in England in the eighteenth century. Salt glaze ware is either plain or decorated with reliefs, with incised designs colored blue, with painted designs in enamel colors, or with transfer printing, and is translucent in the thin parts. Salt Glazed Stoneware. — A hard, opaque, vitrified ware, a connecting link be tween pottery and porce lain, and possessing some of the features of both, made in Germany, Flanders and England since the fifteenth century and in the United States from the eighteenth. 96 GLOSSARY i . Bouffioux. A brown stoneware made at Bouffi oux, Belgium. 2. Bunzlau . A brown glazed stoneware usually with white reliefs, made at Bunzlau, Germany. 3. Dreyhausen. A dark red stoneware, usually embel lished with numerous small movable rings; made at Dreyhausen, Germany. 4. Frechen. A brownish or mottled stoneware made at Frechen, near Cologne, Germany. 5. Fulham. Stoneware.6. Grenzau. Westerwald. 7. Grenzhausen. Westerwald. See Dwight a m e as Same as 8. Kreussen. A chocolate brown stone ware with a ferruginoussurface. One variety is deco rated with re liefs of the same brown color. Another is embel lished with painted designs in enamel colors. See Mourning Jugs. Also Drug Bottle. 9. Lambeth. Brown and yellow stoneware, with re lief decorations, made at Lambeth, England, by the Doultons and others. 10. Muskau. A gray stone ware decorated with applied reliefs and incised designs and covered with a dark blue enamel. Made at Muskau, Silesia. 1 1 . Nottingham. A reddish brown stoneware usually with a glistening glaze, made at Nottingham, Eng land. 12. Raeren. A reddish brown stoneware, with re lief designs and inscriptions, made at Raeren, Flanders, See Peasants' Dance Jugs. 13. Saxon. Stoneware in imitation of Kreussen enameled ware, made in Saxony at the same period. 14. Siegburg. A dirty white stoneware, with thin, irregular salt glaze, and re- 97 GLOSSARY gray lief decorations, made at Siegburg, Germany. See Canette. 15. Westerwald. stoneware, with relief and incised decorations, fre quently touched with blue or brown enamel, made in the valley of the Rhine, near Coblenz, in the Westerwald district. Same as Grenzau and Grenz- hausen. See " Works of Mercy " Jugs. 16. White Salt Glaze. See Salt Glaze Ware. Salt Shaker. — A small bot tle with closed but coarsely perforated top, and a hole in the bottom through which the salt was intro duced. See Pepper Shaker. Samian Ware. — Pottery of fine grain and red color with relief decorations formed in the mould or made separately and ap plied, and possessing a polished surface, made on the Island of Samos and elsewhere, and found on Roman sites, particularly in Gaul, Germany and Great Britain. Also' called Are tine ware, and by some E u ro p e a n archaeologists Terra Sigillata. It dates from the first century B. C. to the third century A. D. Later known as Aretine Ware, which see. Sang de Boeuf. — See Ox Blood, under Red. Sapphire Blue. — See under Crackle. Sauce Boat. — See Gravy Boat. Saucer. — A shallow bowl, or deep plate, of circular, octagonal, hexagonal, square, or other form, hav ing upward curved, or straight, sloping sides, usually with a depression in the centre, for holding a cup. 1 . Curved. The normal form, with curved sides, a flat, shallow cavetto, and a basal rim, on which it rests. 2. Hat-Shape. In the form of an inverted hat, as in Sevres and Worcester porcelain. 98 GLOSSARY 3. Trembleuse. A vertical ring, or railing (^ in the centre to hold the cup in place, as in early St. Cloud pate tendre. Sometimes with a notch to receive the handle. Scale Pattern. — See under Ground Patterns. Scarab. — The sacred beetle of ancient Egypt. The tumble bug. Scodella. — A bowl with short stem and a foot. A form of Italian maiolica. Scodella daDonna di Parto (It.).-A set of vessels made to fit to gether in the form of a vase or urn, consisting of the scodella, or broth bowl, on which is placed the tag- Here, or plate, for bread, which serves as a cover; on this the ongarescha or drink ing cup, inverted, is sur mounted by a covered saliera, or salt cellar. These sets were used by ladies only separate pieces are now found in collections. Scratched Blue Salt Glaze. — White salt glaze ware of England with orna mentation scratched in the surface and filled in with blue. Screw Cap. — See under Cover. Scrodled Ware. — Striped ware produced by "wedg ing" prepared clays of different colors. Produced at Bennington, Vt., about 1850. Scrodling. — The process of wedging clays of different colors in the manufacture of pottery, which produces a marbled or veined effect. Seat (Tso-Tsun of the Chi nese). — A large barrel- shaped object of porcelain or stoneware, perforated and decorated. Seau (Fr. ). — A bucket- shaped vessel, with o r without , handles, for hold ing ice ; made by \=>i French and English during confinement, but potters, and copied by w 99 GLOSSARY the Chinese, in the latter part of the eighteenth cent ury and early nineteenth. It usually possesses a flat, disc-shaped cover, having a knob or handle which rises from the centre. See Glacier. Seggar. — Same as Sagger. Semi -Porcelain. — A low grade of porcelain, or "Hotel China," only slightly translucent. Seven Border PLATES.-Egg- shell porcelain plates, with rose backs having a broad border design composed of seven different concentric patterns, produced in China during the Yung-cheng and Ch'ien-lung periods. The best examples belong to the latter reign. Sgraffito Decoration. — The method of ornament ing pottery by incision, through a coating of clay of one color applied to a ware of a different color, to bring out the color of the under clay. Sgraffito Pottery. — Com mon red or buff earthen ware covered with white slip, through which the de signs are scratched to show the color of the under clay. In a broader sense the term is applied to any pottery with scratched orna mentation. Shark Skin Surface. — Com posed of small raised dots set close together, resemb ling the rough skin of a shark, as in some Chinese porcelain, in which the ground is composed of closely set globules of glaze on the porcelain biscuit. The reverse o f Thimble Surface, which see. Shaving Basin. — A pottery or porcelain deep plate or/ bowl with hor izontal rim or marly on one side of which a curved piece has been cut out to fit the neck of the shaver. Also called Mam- brino's Helmet. Same as Barber s Basin. Shoulder. — The upper part of a vase or pitcher where it curves outward from the collar. Shrine Set. — A garniture of IOO GLOSSARY Chinese porcelain consist ing of five pieces, — a cen tral censer, two pricket candlesticks and two tall trumpet-shaped beakers. Silicious Glaze. — See un der Glaze. Silver Lustre. — See under Lustre. Sinico-Lowestoft. — H ard porcelain made in China for ' the European and American markets, im properly called Lowestoft, which see. Sinico- Persian Ware. — Chinese porcelain, or stone ware, made in Persian shapes for the Persian mar ket. Sinico- Siamese Ware. — Chinese porcelain or stone ware made in Siamese style, for the Siamese trade, usually decorated with Buddhist figures, in enamel colors. Situla. — A pottery* vessel of bucket shape, for hold ing water. Clas sical. Sitz Bath. — A circular, oval of figure 8-shaped tub of stoneware or porcelain, usually mounted on a low stand, used for washing the body. A bidet. Skyphos. — A cup, or bowl with two hori zontal loop handles.Closely related to the kotyle, but having a more tapering body and smaller base. Classical. Sliding Cover. — See under Cover. Slip. — Clay diluted with water. Slip Cup. — A clay cup pro vided with one or more quills through which the liquid slip or clay is poured, to decorate pottery. Same as Quill Box. Slip -Decorated Ware. — Common red pottery deco rated with rude designs produced by trailing liquid white or colored "slip" on the surface through a quill attached to a cup. GLOSSARY Slip Decoration. — The Souffle Glaze. — See process of ornamenting pot- Insufflation. tery with liquid clays, or Soupiere (Fr.). — A soup slips (usually white), by tureen. tracing designs on the sur- c r . i „l i Spider Pattern. — Spider- face ot the ware through a . r •n i j . r like ornaments quill attached to a slip cup, • i, i arranged i n a or quill box. ° band, as in Smear Glaze. — See under Tucker and Glaze. ee Snake -Skin Green. - under Green. Snuff Bottle. — A small cylindrical or flatten ed vial of porcelain / \ or glass for holding \l snuff. Chinese. Snuff Box. — A pocket box, of varying form, with hinged or separate cover, for holding snuff. Soft Paste Porcelain. — See Artificial Soft Paste; Natural Soft Paste, and Pate Tendre. Sopra Azzurro (It. ) . — Painted designs in dark blue on a light blue ground. On old Italian maiolica. See Berrettino. Sopra Bianco (It.). — Same as Bianco sopra Bianco. Hemphill hard porcelain. Spode. — White pottery stoneware and porcelain made by Josiah Spode at Stoke-on-Trent, England. Sponging. — Mottling the surface of ware by dabbing on colors with a sponge. Spotted Lustre. — See un der Lustre. Spout. — The tube through which the contents of a teapot or other vessel are poured. i. Crabstock. Rustic, like the branch of a tree. See Rustic, under Handle (cut). 2. Curved. Rising and curving outward from the body of a teapot, or other object. GLOSSARY 3. Gargoyle. Terminating in the head of an animal, bird, or grotesque creat ure, as in some Bottger red stone ware teapots, Staffordshire pitchers, etc. 4. S- Shape. In the form of a slender S. See Coffee- Pot (cut). 5. Tubular. A straight tube, usually tapering from the base to the end, and of varying length. See Sinico- Lowestoft (cut). S. P. Q. D. — Letters some times found on Italian maiolica which is supposed to be spurious, the letter D probably having been inadvertently used instead of R. S. P. Q. F. — Letters often found on Caffagiolo and other Italian maiolica, which stand for Senatus Populusque Florentinus (the Senate and the People of Florence). S. P. Q. R. — Letters often found on old Italian maiolica, particularly that of Urbino and Faenza, standing for Senatus Popu lusque Romanus (the Senate and the Roman People). Sprigged Ware. — Porcelain decorat ed with applied reliefs in blue, lilac, etc. Eng Stamnos. — A jar of f o r m , with short neck andc wide mouth, and two small, horizontal, loop handles, for holding wine or oil. Classical. Stanniferous Enamel . — See under Glaze. Stanniferous F a i e n c e. — Soft pottery covered with hard tin enamel, in or over which the decorative de signs are painted. Steatite Body. — See under Body. Steel Lustre. — See under Lustre. Stilt. — See Cockspur. Stone China. — Same as Ironstone or White Granite. Stoneware. — See under Body. Also Sa It Glazed 103 GLOSSARY Stoneware. Also Rococo, under Lustre. Strapwork. — A s t y 1 e of decoration with interlacing lines or bands, resembling intertwined straps. See Arabesque, also Tirata. Strawberry Pattern . — Painted in natural colors on old English cream ware. Sucrier (Fr.) Bowl. See Sugar Sugar Bowl. — A bowl, or box, of circular, rectangu lar, or other shape, having two handles and a cover, for holding sugar. Sugar Shaker. — A bottle- shaped utensil with perfo rated top, for holding gran ulated or powdered sugar. Sunderland Lustre. — See under Lustre. Surtout (Fr.). — Same as Epergne. Sussex Pig. — A drinking vessel in the form of a pig, with" separate head, which answers as a cup. Made at Cadborough and Rye, in Sussex, England, and frequently used at wed dings to drink to the health of the brides. Sweetmeat Tray. — A series of dishes of unusal shape, — hexagonal, trapezoidal, etc., which fit together side by side, as one large design, each forming a separate compartment. Chinese. 104 Tagliere (It.). — A shallow plate of Italian maiolica. Talavera Ware. — Tin enameled pottery, made in Puebla, Mexico, since the seventeenth century, in the style of the maiolica of Talavera, Spain. Tanagra Figurine. — A finely modeled Greek terra - cotta figure, so-called be cause first found, and in greatest abundance, at Tanagra, Boeotia, Greece. Tankard. — A 1 a rg e , flat bottomed, cylin drical, tapering, or barrel-shaped drinking vessel with a handle at one side, and usually a lid. Used to hold malt, or some times vinous, liquors. T a z z a (It.). — A shallow bowl, plate, or saucer, mounted on a low foot. Tea - Caddy. ¦ as Canister. Same Tea -Cup. — A cup for holding tea. See Cup. Tea - Cup Plate. — See Cup, Plate. Tea Dust. — An olive green, speckled glaze on Chinese porcelain of the Ch'ien- lung period, produced by the insufflation of green glaze upon a yellowish- brown ground. Tea Jar. — A small cylin drical, or ovoid jar, of glazed pottery, usually i with an ivory cover, for holding tea leaves. Japanese. Tea Pot. — A small, or medium sized vessel, of varying form, with handle, 105 GLOSSARY spout and cover, for serv ing tea. See Rustic, under Handle (cut). Terra Cotta. — Unglazed baked pottery. Architectu ral Terra Cotta is a hard, dark red vitrified pottery, for building purposes. Terra Sigillata. — A term applied to the scented pottery, marked with a seal, which was extensively produced i n Europe during the six teenth and seventeenth centuries. Also known as " Ancient Buccaros." See Aretine Ware, and Samian Ware. Thimble Surface. — A pitted surface on Parian ware re sembling the depressions in a thimble, the pitting being produced by a mould. See Shark Skin Surface. Three Color Decoration (Chinese San ts'ai). — Tur quoise blue (or green), maganese purple and yel low, underglaze colors of the demi-grand feu (sur bis cuit) of the Chinese potters. Throwing. — Building up vessels on the wheel by hand. Thrown Ware. — P o 1 1 e r y or porcelain made by hand on a potter's wheel. Thumb Marks. — Three or four smudges, resembling the prints of thumbs, found on the bases of Chelsea fig ures, produced by the sup ports used in the kiln. Thymiaterion. |§Lf| A censer of lekythos form, with two han dles, used at sacrifices. Classical. ^£ Tiger's -Eye Glaze. — See under Glaze. Tiger Skin Glaze. — See un der Glaze. Tile. — A plaque, or slab, of pottery, stoneware, or porcelain, of square, rec tangular, octagonal, cruci form, star, or other shape, used for roofs, floors, or mural decoration. A. Floor and Wall. i . Alhambra. Flat, with champleve decoration, the designs being dug out of the surface, the grooves be ing glazed in various colors. 106 G LOSS ARY 2. Cruciform. In the shape of a cross, having four arms of equal length, and pointed ends, as Persian and Saracenic tiles. See Stellate, below. 3. Encaustic. A tile with pattern inlaid in clay of a color different from the ground, and burned in. Usually unglazed and used for floors. 4. Inlaid. With decorative patterns cut out and filled in with clay of a different color. 5. Intaglio. Sunken. A style of decoration, the re verse of cameo, or relief. 6. Relief. Decorated with modeled designs standing above the surface. 7. Sgraffito. Decorated with scratched designs. 8. Square. The most com mon form of wall or floor tiles, as those of Holland, Spain, Mexico, etc. 9. Stellate. In the form of a star, with points of vary ing number, as the eight- pointed Persian and Sara cenic tiles, which were used in conjunction with the cruciform tiles. B. Roofing. 10. Asiatic. See Normal. 11. Beaver Tail. A Flat Tile with rounded lower end, as used in Germany. 12. Belgic. See Pan. 13. Beveled. Square and slightly convex, beveled on the edges, to admit of use around a column or curved surface, as the tin enameled tiles of Mexico. 14. Dutch. Same as Pan. 15. Flat. A long, rectang ular form, often rounded or point ed at one end, resembling a shingle, attached to the roof by nailing, or having a knob at one end for hang ing to a rafter. Common in Central Europe. See 1 1 above. 107 GLOSSARY 1 6. Flemish. Same as Flat. 1 7. Germanic. Same as Flat. 18. Imbrex. See Normal. 19. Normal. So called be cause it is the earliest known form of tile. A wide, rec tangular and curving (tegula) tile, placed on roof with concave side up ward, and a narrow, semi- cylindrical (imbrex) tile, placed concave side down ward over the joint of two adjacent tegulae. Common in Southern Europe and the East. 20. Pan. From the Dutch word Pannen. ^^ Having a con- %Tf~ |k\ vex curl at one ^^s^ side and a concave curl at the other (S- Shaped), combin ing in one piece the imbrex and tegula. Common in Northern Europe. 21. Ridge. An angular or curved tile which covers the ridge of a sloping roof. 22. S-Shaped. Same as Pan. 23. Stove. A flat or curved panel with relief or painted decoration, either glazed or unglazed, for covering the surface of a square or cylin drical stove, usually having projecting flanges on the back for attachment, as used in Germany and Switzerland. 24. Tegula. See Normal. Tin Glaze. Glaze. See under Tirata (It.). — A style of decoration on old Italian maiolica, consisting of in terlaced ribbons, or strap- work, interspersed with light, foliated scrolls, on a white ground. Toby. — A pitcher in the form of a man, usually seated, (H$ 1 l_u: 1 ^1, and holding a beer mug or tobacco pipe in his hand. Toddy Jug. — A tall barrel- shaped porcelain jug, with lip, in side of which is a strainer, with cover, and crossed handles, made for the European and American trade. Chinese. 108 GLOSSARY Toft Ware. — Slip-decorat ed, lead glazed pottery, made in England in the sev- enteenth century by Thomas and Ralph Toft and other potters. Often used as a generic name for all English slip ware. Tondino (It.). — A plate with wide brim, or marly, and deep centre, or cavetto. A form of Italian maiolica. Tonquin Porcelain. — See Artificial Soft Paste Porce lain. Tortoise Shell Ware. — Creamware with brown, yellow and sometimes green and blue mottling, produced by the use of a sponge, or otherwise, imitating the colorings of the shell of a tortoise. First made in England by Thomas Whieldon. Transfer Printing. — The art of transferring engraved patterns to the surface of pottery or porcelain by means of tissue paper with prepared ink. Transmutation Glaze . — Streaked and variegated glaze of several colors, red, purple, blue, brown, etc., seen on old Chinese stone ware and porcelain. Pro duced in the K'ang-hsi and Ch'ien-lung periods. Same as Flambe Glaze. Tray. — A shallow, flat-bot tomed receptacle, varying in shape and size, with vertical, sloping or curved edges, for holding a tea set, tureen or other object. See Sweetmeat Tray. Tree Platter. — A large meat dish with lateral grooves branching from a central groove, resembling the limbs and trunk of a tree, which communicate with a gravy well at one end of the dish. Trembleuse. — See under Saucer. Triangle. — See Cockspur. Triblion. — A dish or plate. Classical. 109 GLOS Tripodiskos. — A vessel for the toilet table. Classical. Trofei (It.). — A style of maiolica painting in which trophies of arms, musical instruments, etc., are prom inent motives. Seen in Urbino and other Italian wares. Truite (Fr.) — See under Crackle. Tulip Ware. — Slip - deco rated red pottery, i n which the tulip motive frequentlyoccurs. Made in Eastern Pennsylvania by German potters from about 1730 to 1850. SARY Tureen. — A large bowl or deep dish, with cover, < f o r serving soup at the table. Turquoise. — See Bleu Tur quoise. Also Turquoise under Crackle. Tyg. — A rude pottery drink ing vessel, or primitive loving- cup, with two (frequently four) or more handles, for gen eral use at convivial gather ings. The typical form of the English Tyg of the seventeenth century is cylindrical, with a solid base, and usually widening toward the top, with from four to six vertical handles. i 10 u Underglaze Decoration.— The ornamentation of a vessel, tile, etc., by paint ing or printing designs on the fired biscuit before it is glazed. Unguentarium. — A small bottle or vase, of pottery, stone or glass for holding unguents. Classical. Ushabti. — A small sepul chral figure of glazed pottery, f o u n d in ancient Egyptian remains. An amulet. V Vase. — An ornamental hol low vessel, or receptacle, used to hold flowers or other objects, usually taller than broad. Chinese vases are of three varieties : i. Simple Forms. 2. Double Forms (composed of two Simple Forms). 3. Complex Forms (com bining three or more Sim ple Forms). Greek vases are usually of simple form. Other European vases are, as a rule, nondescript and of infinite variety. Fol lowing are a few of the characteristic forms: 1. Alhambra. bra Vase. See Alham- 2. Amphora - Shape. Re- GLOSSARY sembling a slender, grace ful amphora, usually without handles, as, peach bloom vases. Chinese. 3. Baluster. A jug -shaped jar with broad, solid base, taper ing inward, then swelling outward to a broad shoulder, sur mounted by a small neck and mouth. A form com mon in Chinese porcelain, intended to hold the blos soming twigs of the winter plum (mei-hua), hence called mei-p'ing (mei vase). In American auction cata logues, frequently, but in correctly, called Gallipot. 4. Barberini. Vase. See Portland 5. Beaker. Of tall, cylin drical form with flat base, often with a raised belt around ( ) the middle and fre quently having a slightly expanding mouth. Chinese. 6. Beetle- Shape. — A cylin- UJ drical body with square shoulders, a straight, tubular neck, in form resembling a beetle, or maul (like a pestle or potato -masher). Chinese. 7. Bell- Shape. Of broad, bottle shape, with tubular neck, rounded should ers and vertical sides extending down to a flat or chimeless base. Chinese. 8. Bottle -Shape. Having a globular, or ovoid, body, and long, tubular neck. Sometimes expanding at the mouth. Chinese. 9. Branched. With rayed tubes, usually three or five in nu mber, arranged in fan shape, as in sil ver lustre pottery and Leeds creamware. GLOSSARY 10. Canopic. A term ap plied by Wedgwood to his vases of mummy form, after ancient Egyptian shapes. ii. Chalice-Shape . In the form of a bell with trumpet-shap ed mouth. Resem bling a reversed chalice. Chinese. 12. Club -Shape. Almost cylindrical in form, T=T but bulging slightly at the sides and con tracting and round ing at the base, having high shoulders and broad straight neck, usually surmounted by a flat ring, or lip. Chinese. 13. Conical. Of the general form of an inverted, truncated cone Also called Lance Shape, because it resembles a mediaeval tilt- ing-lance, or jousting-lance. 14. Cylindrical, a. With straight, parallel sides, or slightly tapering toward the flat base. u b. Having a short, cylin drical collar and foot. Chi nese. 15. Double -Gourd. n Constricted in the / \ centre, having two^^N^ lobes, one above! ) the other. Chinese. ^ — ' 16. Duplessis. Composed of a bulbous body expanding into a( trumpet mouth above, and having a short stem and broad foot below. two handles are rococo, or rustic. Originated by Duplessis, a celebrated goldsmith and sculptor, at Vincennes and Sevres. 1 7. French. Ovoid, or pear shape, with spread ing mouth, slender stem and square plinth, usually fast ened to the body with an iron rod and nut. Two handles of varying de sign. A common form in old French hard paste por celain. Th< 113 1 8. Full Moon. Of flat, circular form, like a canteen. Chinese. 19. Gallipot. See Baluster, above. 20. Hexagonal. Having six sides, either straight or curved. Chinese. 21. Horned. An urn-shaped body with horn- shaped handles rising from the shoulders (as the Sinico - Lowestoft model of a European form), with short stem, foot, and plinth.22. Jar -Shape. See Jar. 23. L amp - S h ap e . An ovoid, or spherical, body, with foot, short narrow neck, and large, flat disc top, re sembling in form a hanging lamp. 24. Lantern - Shape. Of truncated, oval form, like a Chinese lantern. 25 Melon- Shape. With ovoid body divided into GLO SSARY vertical sections like a mel on. Chinese. 26. Oviform. In the shape of an egg, standing on end. 27. Pear - Shape. With broad, bulging, rounded body, gradually tapering up toward the neck. Chinese. 28. Portland. See Portland Vase. 29. Pyriform. Shaped like an inverted pear with swelling shoulders, grad ually contracting toward the base, which is slightly bulging, like the neck of a pear where it joins the stem. A Chinese form, particularly of the Ch'ien-lung reign. 30. Quadrilateral. Having four sides, straight or curved. Chinese, etc. GLOSSARY 31. Shuttle- Shape. Hav ing a bulbous body, f^ contracting at both / V ends, and slightly f ) expanding above to \ / the mouth and be- L A low to the foot. Chinese. 32. Spade -Shape. Similar to Club - Shape, but having a pointed shoulder ; resem bling in vertical sec tion a spade. Chi nese. 22- Spill. A cylindrical f o r m with flat base, sometimes set in a detached stand or sub-base, and flaring, trumpet-shaped mouth. For holding spills, or paper tapers, known as lamplighters. French. 34. Temple. A jar-shaped vase, about eighteen inches in height, with spheroid body, flat base, and hat- shaped cover. 2^. Triple-Gourd. Having two con strictions and three lobes. Chinese. 3 6. Trumpet - Baluster. baluster-shaped vase with flaring cornet- shaped mouth. A Double Form. Chi nese. 37. Trumpet Beaker. beaker-shaped vase ^ with trumpet-shap ed or funnel-shaped mouth. A Double Form. Chinese. 38. Urn -Shape. A French form, consisting o f a somewhat flattened spheri cal body (with or without handles), surmounted by a trumpet-shaped top, sup ported on a stem which rests on a square plinth. Derived from the Greek Krater. 39. Vaisseau a Mat. Shap ed like a mast ed s h i p . A pattern having a perforated cover and used as a pot-pourri vase. Produced at Sevres in soft paste about 1760. 115 40. Wall. A half vase with flat back for hanging against the f*3fe^ wall. Common in Chinese porcelain. Vaso di Speziera (It.). — A pharmacy vase, or electuary pot, with handle and spout. A form of Italian maiolica. See Electuary Pot. Vaso Senza Bocca (It.).— Ves sel without a mouth. A jug with closed top and opening at the bottom, through which it was filled. When placed upright the contents could be poured out of the spout. A form of Italian maiolica. Veilleuse (Fr.). — A tall cy lindrical night lamp surmounted by a small teapot, frequently found in French and German porcelain GLOSSARY of the early nineteenth century. Vergiliotto (It.). — This term has been improperly used to designate a peculiar red color in Italian maiolica (particularly in the wares of Faenza). It is derived from the name of Virgilio Calamelli, a Faentine cera mist, who gave to Piccol- passo, in 1543, the recipe for making the beautiful red which was known as "rosso di Virgilio" (the red of Virgilio). Verriere (Fr.) . — A wine glass cooler. See Monteith, and Rincoir. Vinaigrette (Fr.). — A small bottle or vial for holding aromatic vinegar or salts. Violet D'Eveque (Fr.). — Same as Aubergine, or Bishop ' s Purple. Violet Lustre. Lustre. -See under 116 w Walls of Troy. — See Fret. Washington China. — See Cincinnati China; also Martha Washington China. Wedging. — The process of cutting off pieces of pre pared clays of two or more different colors and work ing them together to pro duce a striped or mottled effect in the paste. Wedgwood, or Old Wedg wood. — Art ware, includ ing Jasper and Black Basaltes, made by Josiah Wedgwood between 1768 and 1795. Wedgwood WARE.-Queens- ware, Agate ware and other varieties of commercial pottery, made by Josiah Wedgwood at Etruria, England, previous to 1795. Well -Platter. — An ob long meat dish, or platter, containing a gravy pocket, or well, at one end. W. G. Ware. — The abbrevi ation of White Granite, used as a trade term by American potters. Wheel. — The revolving, hor izontal disc on which clay vessels are thrown or fash ioned by hand. Wheel Pattern. — Vertical ( in cups ) or radiating (in plates) spiral panels, alter nately red decoration on white and white reserved in blue, with gold decorations, as in early Worcester fritted porcelain. Whieldon Ware. — White pottery covered with brown mottled glaze, made by Thomas Whieldon at Fenton, England, about , 1758, the prototype of Rockingham ware. Whiel don also made green glazed, agate, cauliflower and pine- 117 GLOSSARY apple wares, which are known by his name. See Tortoise Shell Ware. White Granite. — Same as Ironstone China, Stone China, etc. Hard white opaque pottery of a bluish tint, almost approaching semi- porcelain. Willow Pattern. — Canton china of the eig h te en t h century deco rated in blue with a land scape design, including a bridge and willow trees. Reproduced b y Thomas Turner of Caughley, Eng land, about 1780, and later by other English potters. Wine Cup. — See under Cup. Wine Glass Cooler. — See Monteith. Wine Pot. — A bottle-shaped or ewer-shaped vessel with handle, and long, slender spout. Chinese. Wine and Water Vases. — Ornate vases of ewer-shape, with modeled figures,in black basaltes, pro duced by Josiah Wedg wood. They were made in p a i rs , one with relief designs symbolizing water, the other wine. Wire Marking. — The con centric grooves on the bottoms 1 of pottery or stoneware, pro duced by cutting the ves sel from the wheel with a wire while the wheel re volves, as in German stone ware mugs and Canton stoneware platters. "Works of Mercy" Jugs.- Drinking vessels of reddish brown stoneware made at Raeren, Flan ders, in the six teenth and seven teenth centuries, with a cen tral frieze of panels, or apartments, illustrating works of mercy. After wards reproduced in gray stoneware at Grenzhausen, Germany. Wreathing. — Spiral ridges on pieces of hard porcelain made on the wheel, as seen 118 GLOSSARY on Plymouth and Bristol bowls. W. R. Jug. — A salt -glazed stoneware vessel of globu lar form with cylindrical neck, and relief medallion in front, bearing the initials W. R. Made in Germany (Grenzhausen), and pos sibly in England, in the reign of William III. Yellow. — Glazes, grounds, and decorations of various shades of yellow. i. Burnt Sienna. A brown ish yellow, occasionally found on Chinese porcelain. 2. Fish Roe. See Mustard Yellow, under Crackle. 3. Imperial. A rich, deep yellow, approaching orange, used by Chinese potters on white porcelain. 4. Jonquille. A beautiful, rich yellow, used as a ground on old Sevres por celain. 5. Lemon. A pale yellow, of lemon color, found on Chinese porcelain of the Yung-cheng and later reigns. 6. Mustard. See under Crackle. Yellow Ware. — Common white pottery covered with a yellow glaze. 19 OF THIS BOOK THERE HAVE BEEN PRINTED AT HILLACRE, TWENTY -FIVE COPIES ON NORDE- LING HAND-MADE PAPER FOR THE MEMBERS OF THE WALPOLE SOCIETY, AND ONE HUN DRED AND SEVENTY-FIVE COPIES ON CHELTENHAM DECKEL-EDGE PAPER FOR GENERAL DISTRIBUTION