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YALE UNIVERSITY
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
LIBRARY

ENGLISH GOLDSMITHS

AND

THEIR MARKS.

I
J

THE "VINTNERS'" SALT (London, 1569-70. See Page 104),
IN THE POSSESSION OF THE VINTNERs' COMPANY, LONDON.

ENGLISH GOLDSMITHS AND
THEIR MARKS:
A HISTORY OF
THE GOLDSMITHS AND PLATEWORKERS OF
ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND;
WITH OVER ELEVEN THOUSAND MARKS,
REPRODUCED IN FAC-SIMILE
FROM AUTHENTIC EXAMPLES OF PLATE,
AND
TABLES OF DATE-LETTERS AND OTHER HALL-MARKS
EMPLOYED IN
THE ASSAY OFFICES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.
BY
CHARLES JAMES JACKSON, F.S.A.,
OF THE MIDDLE TEMPLE, BARRISTER-AT-LAW.

LONDON:
MACMILLAN AND CO. Limited.
1905.
[All rights reserved. ]

LONDON :
THE WESTERN iSIAIL LLMITED, PRINTERS,
176, Fleet Stkeet, E.C.

DEDICATED TO
THE MOST HONORABLE,
THE MARQUESS OF BREADALBANE, K.G.,
TO WHOM THE .AUTHOR IS INDEBTED FOR MUCH CORDIAL ASSISTANCE
IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE CHAPTER ON
THE SCOTTISH PROVINCIAL GOLDSMITHS -AND THEIR MARKS.

PREFACE.

HE work comprised in the following pages has engaged my attention
for no less than seventeen years. It was commenced in the year 1887,
in connection with the composition of a monograph on " The Spoon and
its History," read at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries and
published in Archaeologia, vol. liii. I intended to incorporate the history of the
spoon in a more comprehensive work under the title of "An Illustrated History
of English Plate, Ecclesiastical and Secular,'' to the preparation of which I had
devoted a considerable amount of time.
In the course of my studies, however, I found that in no obtainable
work were the marks on English plate represented with as much accuracy as
might reasonably have been expected, and that no published tables of Irish
marks were even approximately accurate. I decided, therefore, to construct
tables of date-letters and other hall-marks, for insertion in an appendix to my
history of plate. I obtained access to many important collections, and prepared
a number of engravings in the style of the frontispiece of this book, and a great
many half-tone illustrations similar to that of the " Bekegle Cup," on page 632
infra, and I proceeded with the compilation of the tables of marks concurrently
with the composition and illustration of the history. I had not, however,
proceeded very far, before I found that "Marks on plate of English* manufacture"
was too large a subject for an appendix, and that in connection with the marks
on English* plate it was necessary, or at the least expedient, to refer to the
goldsmiths"!" who employed those marks to indicate the quality of the plate and
the identity of the maker. Here, then, was a subject large enough for a volume to
itself, and being of opinion that it had not theretofore been dealt with as fully as
it deserved, and influenced by the impression that the need for a work on " English
goldsmiths and their marks " was more urgent than for a history of plate, I
resolved to set aside the latter until I had completed the former.
Year after year I have proceeded with the collection and reproduction in
fac-simile of marks which are here tabulated under their respective headings,
but, notwithstanding my close application to it, the book would not have
been ready for publication even now, without the cordial assistance which I
"•¦¦" The term " English" is used here as in the title of the book, comprehensively, and includes both
Scotch and Irish.
I The term " goldsmiths " is also used comprehensively, and includes silversmiths.

X. Preface.
have received from the numerous friends whose names are mentioned m its
pages. Yet while the composition of this book has required so many years,
other authors have been able to produce works on the same subject in about
as many months. For example, a Mr. .Montagu Howard, of New York, has
published a massive book, entitled, "Old London Silver," in which a great
number of marks are inaccurately illustrated by the simple process of repro
duction from the works of Mr. Cripps and Mr. Chaffers.
The way in which I have reproduced the marks in my tables is explained on
page 72 infra. The plan is both laborious and costly, but I have spent time and
money ungrudgingly in the production of the work, and although the sale of the
entire edition may not recoup my expenditure, I shall not be disappointed,
because the work was undertaken for pleasure and not for profit.
To me the most satisfactory part of the book is contained in Chapters XXII.
to XXV. inclusive, which have reference to '' the Irish Goldsmiths and their
Marks," a topic which hitherto has been the subject of but little research. The
help which I have received in the composition of those chapters from the
gentlemen named in page 536 has been invaluable, 'i'he assistance rendered by
Mr. Garstin and Mr. Westropp has not been confined to the Irish section ; they
have read every proof-sheet as it has come from the printers, and without
their co-operation the lines of corrigenda on page 670 would have been more
numerous, and some of the printers' errors there mentioned might have escaped
my notice. It remains for me to express my thanks to the clergy of England and Ireland
generally, and to custodians of communion plate in Scotland, for the opportunity
of reproducing marks on ecclesiastical plate which are tabulated in the following
pages ; to the Assay Masters of Chester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Edinburgh,
Glasgow and Dublin for cordial assistance ; to Mr. W. H. St. John Hope, M..'\. ;
Mr. R. C. Hope, F.S.A."*; Mr. R. Day, F.S..\. ; Mr. J. H. Walter, and Mr. H. D.
Ellis, for many valuable suggestions; and to Mr. .'-Xrthur Irwin Dasent for kindly
compiling the index as " a labour of love."
Thanks have also to be expressed to the authorities of the British Museum,
the Victoria and Albert Museum (South Kensington), the Museums of Edinburgh,
Dublin, Bath, Croydon, Reading, and other towns ; to the Corporations of
London, Dublin, York, Chester, Gloucester, Hull and other towns for access to
their collections of plate ; to the Benchers of the Inner Temple, the Middle
Temple and Gray's Inn ; and to the following City Companies : — the Mercers, the
Merchant Taylors, the Armourers and Braziers, the Ironmongers and the Inn-
holders for similar courtesies; and to Messrs. Christie, Manson and \'\"oods, and
other auctioneers for opportunities for the examination of many fine collections
of plate entrusted to them for sale.

¦•¦¦I am indebted to Mr. R. C. Hope for permission to reprint the names of many London and
provincial goldsmiths collected by him, as stated on page 216 in^ra.

Preface. xi .
Goldsmiths and dealers in plate throughout the United Kingdom have
enthusiastically assisted me in my efforts to accurately construct my tables of
marks by giving me every possible facility for transcribing marks from plate in
their possession ; those of them who have rendered the greatest assistance, and
who must not be passed over unnoticed are : Messrs. Garrard, Messrs. Crichton, ,
Messrs. Spink, Messrs. Dobson, Messrs. Hancock, Messrs. M. and S. Lyon,
Mr. S. J. Phillips, and the late Mr. W. Boore, of London ; Mr. Rossi, of
Norwich ; Mr. Depree and Mr. Lake, of Exeter ; Mr. A. J. S. Brook, Mr. Chisholm,
and Messrs. Hamilton and Inches, of Edinburgh ; Messrs. Sorley, and Messrs.
Smith and Rait, of Glasgow ; and Messrs. West and Son, of Dublin.
Collectors and dealers will by the aid of the work be enabled to locate
and fix the date of much English, Scotch and Irish plate, and to identify many
marks which have been hitherto unknown or regarded as doubtful or uncertain.
Should any marks on English plate not represented in this work, or appear
ing to be different from any illustrated herein, be found by a reader I shall be
grateful for information concerning them.
Notwithstanding the care which has been taken in its preparation, the work
is still far from being perfect, and is greatly inferior tq what I wished it to be ;
but I have done my best to place the subject upon a clearer and more definite
footing than it has heretofore rested. Those who have already attempted work
of a similar nature will appreciate its attendant difficulties, and will, I have no
doubt, make allowances in respect of them.
C. J JACKSON.
47, Eton Avenue,
London, N.W.,
June, 1905.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I. page.
Introductory — Early English, Scottish, and Irish goldsmiths^Natural properties of gold
and silver — Alloys, their use — Weights used by English goldsmiths, ancient and
modern ......... i — 6
CHAPTER II.
Legislation concerning goldsmiths — The statutes from a.d. 1238 to a.d. 1890, chrono
logically arranged — Legislation mainly directed to the j'jrevention of the use of too
much alloy . . .... 7 — 24
CHAPTER III.
The standards for gold and silver wares — Meaning of "Sterling" — Its derivation — The
standards for gold and silver money and v, ares compared and tabulated chrono
logically ........ 25 — 28
CHAPTER IV.
The Assay — Various methods of assaying — By the " touchstone " — By crucible — The
" wet process " of assaying silver — The "diet " .... 29 — 34
CHAPTER V.
The London Goldsmiths — Their history — -Their charter from King Edward III. {1327) —
Their dispute with the cutlers in 1404 decided in favour of the goldsmiths —
Subsequent charters from Henry IV. and Edward IV. — Ordinances of thc London
Goldsmiths' Company — Celebrated London goldsmiths . . . 35 — 45
CHAPTER VL
The marks found on London plate — Devised to prevent fraud, they incidentally determine
the date of manufacture — The leopard's head, its various forms described in
chronological order — The worker's or maker's mark — The date-letter — The lion-
passant — The lion's head erased and figure of Britannia — The sovereign's head 46 — 71
CHAPTER VII.
Tables of marks on London plate and wrought gold, from about 1400 to 1478 and from
1479 to 1903, arranged in cycles chronologically . 72 — 95
CHAPTER VIII.
Chronological list of goldsmiths' marks found on plate assayed at Goldsmiths' Hall,
London, from A.D. 1479 to A.D. 1903 • • 9^ — 215
CHAPTER IX.
Chronological list of names of London goldsmiths from a.d. 1090 to a.d. 1850 . . 216 — 246
CHAPTER X.
The English provincial goldsmiths — Their guilds and assay-offices . . . 247 — 256
CHAPTER XI.
The York goldsmiths from the fifteenth century — The York town-mark described — Its
successive forms — The date-letter — The maker's mark — Tables of marks on York
plate arranged in cycles chronologically from 1559 to 1856 — List of names ot York
goldsmiths from a.d. 1313 to 1851 arranged chronologically . 257 — 279

xiv. Table of Contents.
CHAPTER XII, PAGE.
The Norwich goldsmiths — The excellence of their worlc — Records concerning their Guild
trom i564^Their connection with Dutch goldsmiths — Marks found on Norwich-made
plate described — Tables of marks on Norwich plate arranged in cycles chronologically
from 1565 to 1697 — List ot names of Norwich goldsmiths trom 1285 to 1702 arranged
chronologically ... . 280 — 303
CHAPTER XIIL
The Exeter goldsmiths — The antiquity of their Guild — Much Exeter-made plate ot the
sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries still extant — Exeter marks described —
Parliamentary inquiry in 1773 as to methods of conducting Assay Office — Office
closed in 1883 — Tables of marks on Exeter plate arranged in cycles from 1570 to
1883 — List of names ot Exeter goldsmiths from 1327 to 1883 arranged chronologically 304 — 326
CHAPTER XIV.
The Newcastle goldsmiths — Their history — Their incorporation with other trades — Their
assay office closed 1697, re-established 1702 — Their marks described — Tables of marks
on Newcastle plate arranged in cycles trom about 1600-23 to 1884, when assay office
finally closed — List of names of Newcastle goldsmiths from 1536 to 1884 arranged
chronologically . . . ... 327 — 350
CHARTER XV.
The Chester goldsmiths — Their antiquity — Their records from the sixteenth century
onwards — Disappearance of early Chester-made plate accounted tor — Re-establish
ment of assay office in 1701 after temporary closure — Parliamentary inquiry in 1773 —
Marks found on Chester-made plate described — Tables of marks arranged in cycles
trom i568 to 1903 — Lists of names ot Chester goldsmiths and other manufacturers
registered at Chester from 1225 to 1878 arranged chronologically . . 351 — 3^"
CHAPTER XVI.
The Birmingham goldsmiths and their marks from the establishment nf their assay office
in 1773 to 1903 — Tables of marks arranged in cycles from 1773 to 1903 — List of
names of goldsmiths entered at the Birmingham assay office arranged chrono
logically from 1773 to 1850 . 381 — 399
CHAPTER XVIL
The Sheffield silversmiths and their marks trom the establishment of their assay office in
1773 to 1903 — Tables ot marks on Sheffield silver wares arranged in cycles from 1773
to 1903 — List ot names of silversmiths entered at the Sheffield assay office arranged
chronologically trom 1773 to 1890 . , 400 — 415
CHAPTER X\'lli.
English provincial goldsmiths ot the minor guilds — Hull, Lincoln, Coventry, Shrewsbury,
Sandwich, Leicester, Carlisle, Gateshead, Leeds, King's Lynn, Taunton, Barnstaple,
Plymouth, Bristol, Dorchester, Sherborne, Poole — Their marks illustrated — Table of
unascribed marks found on plate of English manufacture unaccompanied by any
known town-mark . 416 — 446
CHAPTER XIX.
The Scottish goldsmiths and their marks — The goldsmiths of Edinburgh from the fifteenth
century onwards — The status of their incorporation — Their marks described — Tables
ot marks on Edinburgh plate arranged in cycles from 1552 to 1903 — List of names of
deacons of the incorporation of Edinburgh goldsmiths from 1525 to 1681 — List ot
names of other Edinburgh goldsmiths from 1525 to 1798, and (in the tables of marks)
to 1903 — The goldsmiths of Canongate (Edinburgh) and their marks . 447 — 473
CHAPTER XX,
The Glasgow goldsmiths — Their history — Their marks described — Tables of marks on
Glasgow plate arranged in cycles from 1681 to 1903 — Names of Glasgow goldsmiths
from i5i5 to 1903 arranged chronologically , 474 — 487

Table of Contents. xv.
CHAPTER XXI. page.
Scottish provincial goldsmiths ot the minor guilds— Aberdeen (old and new), Arbroath,
Ayr, Banff, Dundee, Elgin, Greenock, Inverness, Montrose, Perth, St. Andrews,
Stirling, Tain, Wick — Their marks illustrated^Table of unascribed marks found on
plate believed to be of Scottish manufacture, but unaccompanied by any known
town-mark ...... 488 — 512
CHAPTER XXIL
The Irish goldsmiths and their marks — The goldsmiths of Dublin — Incorporated prior to
1555 — Subject to the jurisdiction of the DubUn City Corporation, 1555-1637 — Marks
prescribed for plate from 1605 to 1637, the figures of a lion, a harp, and a castle, in
addition to the maker's mark, but no example known — Incorporated by charter of
King Charles I., in 1637 — The charter set forth in full — Records of the Dublin
Goldsmiths' Company . . 513 — 534
CHAPTER XXIII.
The Dublin goldsmiths' marks — The harp crowned and the maker's mark prescribed by
the charter of 1637 — .A date-letter used from 1638 — -The Hibernia mark, its adoption
1730-1 — The marks explained in detail — Errors of long standing corrected — The
omission ot the date-letter from much plate of the reign of George III. — Forgery ot
marks in this reign — The marks on wrought gold described — The collocation of
marks explained — Tables ot marks on Dublin plate arranged in cycles trom 1638 to
1903 — Makers' marks reproduced trom impressions struck in metal plates preserved at
the assay oflTice . . . . . ' . . . 535—573
CHAPTER XXIV.
Chronological lists of names of Dublin goldsmiths — Names transcribed from Dublin
Records, a.d. 1200 to a.d. 1630 — Masters and Wardens of the Dublin Goldsmiths'
Company from 1637 to 1905 — Assay-masters trom 1638 to 1905 — Freemen of the
Company from 1637 to 1847 — Enrolments of apprentices to Dublin goldsmiths from
1632 to 1823 — List of quarter brothers and journeymen who worked in Dublin from
1661 to 1738 and trom 1744 to 1775 — Names of Dublin goldsmiths registered in the
company's books from 1784 to 1883 — Names of goldsmiths found in Dublin
directories from 1760 to 1808 — List of goldsmiths for whom plate was assayed in
Dublin from 1638 to 1811 — Entries referring to assays and " touch" money, 1694 to
1826 — Names of Irish provincial goldsmiths registered in the company's books from
1784 to 1827 . . ... 574—623
CHAPTER XXV.
The Irish provincial goldsmiths and their marks — Prehistoric and early-Christian
goldsmiths. The goldsmiths of Cork — Their incorporation with members of other
trades — Celebrated Cork goldsmiths and examples of their work described — The
Cork goldsmiths' marks described — Tables of marks on Cork plate arranged in
cycles from about 1662 to 1840— Chronological list of Cork goldsmiths from 1601 to
1850 — The goldsmiths ot Youghal, Galway and Limerick ; their names and marks
arranged chronologically — Goldsmiths of Kinsale and Belfast — New Geneva (co.
Waterford) and its immigrant goldsmiths— Table of unascribed Irish provincial
marks . ...... 624—656
Addenda and Corrigenda ... • 657 — "7°
Index .....•••• 671—696

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

I. The "Vintners'" Salt (London 1569-70) . (Frontispiece)
2, Seal of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company . . . 519
3. The Great Seal of King Charles I. attached to the
Charter of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company; obverse
and reverse . . . . . . . . 528
4. The Mace of the Cork Guilds . . . . 630
5- Do. Do. Do  631
6. The Bekegle Cup (Cork c, 1697) .... 632

ENGLISH GOLDSMITHS AND
THEIR MARKS.

CHAPTER L
INTRODUCTION.

E R R A T A.

Page 3, line 3. — For " 163S" ycad "December 1037,'
Page 15, line 8. — Foy "Edward IV " read "Edward VI."
Page 25, line g (from bottom). — For "' 1559" read " 1359-bo."
Page 28, line 15 (from bottom). — For " ijig" read "1720" — ih^updniiiuii nj iiu- .\,i
of 7775 having been deferred until 1st June, 172il.
Page 68, line 3 (from bottom). — For "29 Ma}" 1719" read "1720," and see page 88.
Page 327, line 15 (from bottom). — For "c. 13' read "c. 14."
Page 393, line 2 (of table). — For " 1650" read " 1850."
Page 416, line 6 (of te.\t). — For " 28 Edw. I.," read " 2 Hen. \'I., c. 14."
Page 542, line 20. — For " 2otli " read " wt."-^^weight.
Page 545, line 12. — For " (no money entry) " read " £^. bs. od."
Page 614. — In list of Assay-books extant, delete " 1700-4."
Page 637, line 16 of marks. — For "Do. : TheO'Donovan, I.isard, Skibbereen" read
"Tankard: "The (J'Donovan, Lisard, Skibbcretu."
See Addenda and Corrigenda. — Pages 657-70.
XoiE, — Marks consisting of devices which mav bo dinirult In iicn^iilsc by llic disci iptidiis under
uhicli they appear in the iiidcK will be f'luiid indc.vcd in jac-biiiiitc on jm,l;cs Ohj-Ij.

Introduction.

Guild of London
Goldsmiths incorporated
in 1327.

1363 tlie Maker's
mark first
mentioned.

London
Goldsmiths'Companyconstituted a
corporate body
with perpetual
succession, 1462.

Early
Provincial Goldsmiths.

EarlyScottishGoldsmiths.

Early Irish
Goldsmiths.

The goldsmiths of London were a numerous and powerful, not to
say truculent, body in the thirteenth century, for we find in the chronicles
of the city reference to numerous affrays in which they engaged, and
to one in particular which was fought in 1267 between them and the
"Taylors," in which 500 men were engaged on each side, many of whom
were killed and their bodies thrown into the Thames.
The Guild of London Goldsmiths became regularly incorporated in
1327 by Royal Charter (i Edw. III.), under the title of "The Wardens
and Commonalty of the Mystery of Goldsmiths of the City of London."
They are referred to in an Act of the year 1363 (37 Edw. III. cap. 7),
— set out (infra) in the chapter on legislation concerning goldsmiths —
whereby, amongst other things, every tnaster goldsmith was required to
have a mark, and in February, 1393, they were re-incorporated by charter
(16 Ric. II.) with extended powers. In 1462, by charter of Edward IV.
the Goldsmiths' Company were constituted a corporate body with per
petual succession, their powers were further extended, and they were
enabled to use a common seal and given various privileges and duties.
The powers, duties, and privileges conferred as above were re
affirmed and enlarged by other charters from time to time, down to the
reign of Charles II. , a charter of which reign recites and confirms
all those previously granted.
While there is evidence that in these early times the goldsmiths of
London were controlled by a guild or company composed of wardens
and other officers of their own calling, there is also evidence of the
existence of similar guilds or companies in the provinces at a period
but little less early, for in 1423, by a statute (2 Hen. VI. c. 14),
" York, Newcastle-upon-Tine, Lincoln, Norwich, Bristow, Salisbury,
and Coventry," were appointed "to have divers Touches" for silver
wares. There are records of goldsmiths working at Chester in 1225,
Norwich as early as 1285, York in 13 13, Shrewsbury in 1482, Hull in
1499, and in other provincial towns but little less early.
In Scotland there were goldsmiths working at a date in all pro
bability as early, or nearly as early, as in' England, for we find an Act of
James II. of Scotland of 1457 "anent the reformation of gold and silver
wrought be goldsmiths."
In Ireland, apart from the gold ornaments of the Celtic period which
have been found there, the Chalice of Ardagh proves the existence
of highly skilled Irish goldsmiths at a period earlier than the

Introduction. t
date of the Norman Conquest, although the date of the earliest existing
Charter of Incorporation of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company is no
earlier than 1638.*
English goldsmiths now mainly depend on Australia, South Africa, gou and silver
J AT 1 A • r 1 ¦ where found.
and North America for their supplies of gold, and on North and South
America for silver. It was, however, not always so, for in the past gold
was found in considerable quantities in the British Isles. Gold is
still found in the United Kingdom, but not in "paying" quantities, and
where English gold mining has been resorted to in recent years, as in
North Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, the operations do not appear to
have been carried on with great financial success. The home production
of silver is now limited to such as is found combined with lead, and the
silver is separated from the latter in the process of manufacture.
Although silver is now everywhere found, and used, in immensely
greater quantities than gold, it does not appear to have been always
thus in all parts of the British Isles, for in Ireland there are numerous
examples of wrought gold of the Celtic period in the shape of objects
for personal use and ornament, while the finding of similar articles
of silver of the same period has been extremely rare.
Gold and silver, by reason of their natural properties, have for ages Natural
properties of
been the materials most favoured for articles of ornament and use, gou and siiver.
whether personal or ceremonial, their extreme ductility and malleability
lending themselves to the hammerman in the construction of forms both
simple and complex ; and by reason of the high polish which they are
capable of receiving, and the beauty of their colours, effects are obtained Their beauty,
malleability
in these metals which are unattainable in any other material. Gold can ^nd ducwity,
be beaten so thin that a quarter of a million leaves will measure no
more than an inch in thickness, and can be drawn into wire so fine as to
be almost invisible to the average sight. Silver, while not so extremely
malleable as gold, still possesses this quality in a marked degree. It
may be beaten into leaves one thousand to the inch, and drawn into
wire correspondingly fine. The one great objection to the use of gold is
its weight, which is between nineteen and twenty times that of water ;
silver being only about half the weight of gold. In other words, while
the specific gravity of pure gold varies from I9'25 to I9"40, that of pure
silver is 10-40 to iO"6o, according to whether it has been merely cast,
¦¦¦" The records ot the Dublin Corporation contain a reference to a Charter of earlier date than
the reign of Queen Mary. That Charter -was, however, accidentally burnt.

Introduction.

"Alloy"
necessary for
gold and silver.

Description of
alloy used.

or compressed by rolling or hammering. It is, perhaps, due to the
greater weight of gold, almost as much as to its greater scarcity, that
the work of the goldsmith has been mainly confined to silver, and that
where gold has been used, it has been applied to the surface, either all
over or in parts, and is then technically described as either "wholly" or
" parcel " g\\t-plate.*
Neither pure gold nor pure silver is ever used by the goldsmith
for his wares, nor has it been used since the reign of Edward III.
by the Mint for coinage. The pure metal is much too soft for either
purpose. The required hardness is obtained by the mixture of some
other metal of less value called alloy.f In the case of gold the alloy
used is either silver or copper or an admixture of both, and on the
nature of the alloy the ultimate colour of the manufactured gold
depends. The bright yellow of pure gold partakes of a greenish
tinge when alloyed with silver, of a reddish hue when alloyed with
copper, and of a paler yellow when alloyed with both silver and copper.
Until about 1829 the standard gold of the Enghsh coinage was alloyed
with both silver and copper, which accounts for the pale colour of the
old guineas. At the Sydney Mint silver was used, which accounts for
the pale greenish hue of the sovereigns coined there. Since about
1829 copper only has been used as an alloy at the London Mint, and
the specific gravity of standard gold has been thereby reduced from
about I7"82 to i7'57. In the reign of Queen Victoria a process of
passing a stream of chlorine gas through the molten gold was adopted,
whereby even the traces of silver and other impurities — likely to cause
defects in the coinage — existing in the natural gold are removed, and
the gold remaining is rendered less brittle.
For silver, the alloy used is always copper ; the use of any other
base metal with silver makes it brittle and difficult to work. By the
proper admixture of copper alloy with pure gold, as performed at the
English Mint, the metal formed is practically homogenous, every part
¦•-¦ The term "Plate" (trom Old French, plate, platte, plette; Spanish, plata — silver) although,
strictly speaking, used with reference to articles ot sih-er, is frequently found in Acts of Parliament
and elsewhere more comprehensively employed to describe ornaments, utensils, &c., made either of
gold or silver, and is then called respectively "gold plate" and "silver plate." Throughout this
book the use of the term " plate " will be limited as much as possible (or at any rate expedient) to
articles of silver.
t "Alloy" (from the French "o la /oj "—according to law), the amount of base metal which
may be added to pure gold or pure silver by permission of the law. The amount of added base metal
is frequently (for fraudulent purposes) in excess of what the law allows, but is still called "alloy."
The word is frequently used to describe the mixture of pure and base metal, which, when of standard
quality, is described as the " true alloy," and for this reason the term is considered by some to have
been derived from allier — to mix.

Introduction.

being of very nearly the same quality. In the case of silver similarly
alloyed the result is not so satisfactory, and portions taken from
different parts of a trial plate are found to vary much more than in
the case of gold.
Before the reign of Henry VIII. silver money and plate were
computed by the medieval or "Tower" pound sterling, which was the
equivalent of 5,400 grains (Troy), and in the old inventories the weights
of the various articles of plate are recorded in pounds, shillings, and
pence, with (sometimes) an additional fraction of a pound called a mark.
The shilling was one-twentieth of a pound, the pennyweight one-
twelfth of a shiUing, and the mark two-thirds of a pound, or one
hundred and sixty pennyweights. The table is as follows : —

PENCE OR
J.ND.
MARKS.
SHILLINGS.
PENNYWEIGHTS.
GRAINS (troy.)
I
- I*
:=
20
= 240
=^
5,400
I
=
^03
= 160
=
3,600
I
= 12 I
:=
270 22i
OUNCES.
PENNYWEIGHTS.
12
= 240
I
:= 20
' Tower " pound.
MedievalGoldsmiths'
weights.
In 1527 the old Tower pound was abolished by Royal Procla
mation, and Troy weight (which had been introduced into England from
Troyes, in France, about a century earlier) was substituted for it.
The weight of gold and silver is usually expressed in ounces and penny
weights, and, for exactitude, grains, but not in pounds, however great
the amount may be.*
The ounce (Troy) was originally divided into twenty-four parts
called "carats," and each carat into four grains ; a carat grain is there
fore equivalent to five grains (Troy), or a quarter of a pennyweight, and
when gold is described as so many carats fine what is meant is, that the
number of carats mentioned is pure gold: " i8-carat gold" meaning a
metal composed of 18 parts of pure gold and 6 parts alloy.
The table of Troy weight is as follows : —
Troy weight.
I = 12 = 240 = 5,760
= 480
I = 24
The pound, ounce, and grain are the same in Apothecaries' weight.
'¦ In some of the records ot the Goldsmiths' Company of Dublin the weight ot plate assayed
is stated in pounds but that is unusual.
6 Introduction.
The table of carat weight for gold is as follows : —
Carat weight. OUNCE (trOY.) CARATS (gOLD.) CARAT GRAINS.
I ^ 24 = 96
I = 4
A pound (Troy) of standard gold (22 carats fine) is coined into
46H sovereigns, the weight of a sovereign being 123*27447 grains
(Troy). The value, therefore, of an ounce of such gold is ^^3 17s. io|d.,
and the value of pure gold £^ 5s. od. per ounce. The value per ounce
of 18 carat gold is £t, 3s. 8Jd., of 15 carat £2 13s. id., of 12 carat
£2 2s. 6d., and of 9 carat £1 iis. lo^d.
The pound (Avoirdupois) is equal to 7,000 grains (Troy).
One hundred and ninety-two ounces (Avoirdupois) are equal to
175 ounces (Troy). A pound (Troy) of silver is coined into 66 shiUings
or 132 sixpences, the weight of a shilling being 87'27" grains. Unworn
silver coins, therefore, to the value of 5s. 6d. will weigh an ounce.
These facts may be worth remembering in case it may be necessary
to ascertain the approximate weight of silver or gold when Troy weights
are not accessible.
The present* value of silver in ingots is about 2s. 2d. per ounce ;
in 1894 it was about 2s. 6d.
June, 1904.

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths.

CHAPTER II.
LEGISLATION CONCERNING GOLDSMITHS.
(the STATUTES CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED).
As early as the year 1238 an ordinance (22 Henry III.) was 22 Henry m,
issued concerning the work of Enghsh goldsmiths, entitled, " De auro f^^Zlndo.
fabricando in Civitale Londoniarum," by reason of the fraudulent use of
more than the proper quantity of alloy in the manufacture of gold and
silver wares. This ordinance provided that no one should use any gold
of which the mark was not worth one hundred shillings at the least, nor
any silver worse than the standard of the silver coinage. It is evident
from the earhest records concerning goldsmiths that the main object of
nearly every statute and ordinance affecting them in their work has
been the maintenance of uniformity in the standards of wrought gold
and silver, and the protection of the public against the fraudulent use of
inferior metal by the dishonest worker.
In 1292 the Act 20 Edward I. stat. 4 (Statutum de Moneta) 20 Edw, i. stat. 4

proscribed the importation and use of foreign money (the quality of stamumde

(1292),
Statuiur. Moneta.
which was unknown), and restricted the circulating medium to home-
struck coins, the quality of which was the care of the Sovereign.
The Act 28 Edward I. c. 20, which became law in 1300, provided 28 Edw, i. stat. 3,
c, 20 (1300),
that no gold or silver wares should be sold until they had been assayed
by persons duly authorised to perform that duty. It runs as follows : — *
"It is ordained, that no goldsmith of England, nor none otherwhere within
the King's dominion, shall from henceforth make or cause to be made any
manner of vessel, jewel, or any other thing of gold or silver, except it be good Wrought gold to
and true allay,! that is to say, gold of a certain touch, and silver of the sterling:^ aiioy, and
allay or of better, at the pleasure of him to whom the work belongeth ; and be'S^tiie''' """
that none work worse silver than money ; and that no manner of vessel of silver ^"'"^ " °^'
depart out of the hands of the workers until it be essayed by the Wardens
(Gardiens) of the craft, and further that it be marked with a Leopard's Head, ah to be marked
!• 1 rr^ T r T-, ¦ iiij.j.1 with a leopard's
and that they work no worse gold than of the 1 ouch ot Pans ; and that the head.
The original is in Old French.
f Allay=alloy. Here, as often occurs, the term is used with reference to gold and silver of
standard quality, that is, pure gold or silver with the allowed addition of Inferior metal, although,
properly speaking, the meaning is restricted to the added base metal,
J Sterling is "esterling" in the original. The meaning and derivation of the word are explained
in the chapter on The Standards,

8 Legislation concerning Goldsmiths.
Wardens of the craft shall go from shop to shop among the goldsmiths to essay
if their gold be of the same Touch that is spoken of before, and if they find any
other than of the Touch aforesaid, the gold shall be forfeit to the King. And
that none shall make rings, crosses, nor locks, and that none shall set any stone
in gold except it be natural. And that gravers, cutters of stones and of seals,
shall give to each their weight of silver and gold fas near as they can) upon their
fidelity ; and the jewels of base gold which they have on their hands they shall
utter as fast as they can ; and from thenceforth, if they buy any of the same work,
they shall buy i't to work upon, and not to sell again ; and that all the good towns
of England, vuhere any goldsmith he dwelling, shall be ordered according to this
statute as they of London be; and that one shall come from every good town for all
the residue that he dwelling in the same unto London, for to he ascertained of their
Touch. And if any goldsmith be attainted hereafter because that he hath done
otherwise than before is ordained, he shall be punished by imprisonment, and by
ransom at the King's pleasure. And notwithstanding all these things before-
mentioned, or any point of them, both the King and his Council, and all they
that were present at the making of this ordinance will and intend that the right
and prerogative of his crown shall be saved to him in all things."
gEdw, III, ., , In 1335 a second Statutum de Moneta (9 Edward III. c. i) recites

No gold or silver that countcrfcit money had been introduced by foreigners, and enacts
to be exported -^ ^ <j '
without license, ^.j^^^.^ -^^ ordcr to provldc convenient remedy, and " so that our money be
increased in our realm," plate shall not be exported without license, nor
goldsmiths melt down certain sterling money, nor any person leave the
kingdom except at Dover, and there to be searched, and that innkeepers
in every port shall be sworn to search their guests in the same manner
as searchers do, " so that no man of whatsoever state or condition he be shall
carry out of our realm sterling money, silver or plate, neither in vessel of gold or
of silver without our leave."
37 Edw, 111, r, 7 In the year 1363 it was enacted by the Statute 37 Edward III. c. 7,
{1363),No gold or silver that UO goldsmlth, as well in London as elsewhere within the realm,
but good sterling ^ ' '
should work any gold or silver but of the alloy of good sterling (de bon
esterlyng), that every master goldsmith should " have a mark hy himself,
which mark shall he known hy them assigned by the King to survey their work and
allay," that the goldsmiths should not set their mark till their work
assa™d*aid ''^ was assaycd : and that after the assay made the surveyor should set the
Krn^'s'^fnrrk,'' Khig s mark upon it, and then the goldsmith his mark, for which he
Jet'his"'otn mark should auswcr ; that no goldsmith should charge for silver vessel but

on it.

2 Rich, II,
(¦378).

IS. 6d. for the pound of two marks, as at Paris ; that no silversmith
should meddle with gilding ; and that no gilder should work in silver.
In the following year the 38 Edw. III. c. 2 renewed the prohibition
against the exportation of gold or silver in plate or money.
In 1378 it was enacted (2 Richard II.) that "because gold and silver,
which is wrought by goldsmiths in England is oftentimes less fine than it ought

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths. 9
to be, because the goldsmiths are their own iudges, be it ordained that henceforth The assay of the
, ° . JO' (Qjjj.fj belongs to
every goldsmith puts his own mark upon his work; and the assay of the touch belongs the Mayors and
JIT 1^ /,¦¦ ,7 , ¦,,¦-, r 1 T.r Governors of the
to tlie lyLayors and Governors of the cities and boroughs, with the aid of the Master cities and
r,T*-. -I 1 7 7 • 7r7 ¦ 7^ 77 7 Botoughs where
of the Mint, if there be such, putting the mark of the city or Borough where the the assay is,
assay is."^
In the same Roll (2 Richard II.) the following Act is also to be
found : —
" It is further ordained that every goldsmith shall have his own mark by Penalty of
himself, and if any vessel which has been made is found within the realm after goldsmith fomoi
the Nativity of St. John next coming, not marked with the mark of the goldsmith mark o? Tor
who made it, or shall be of worse alloy than the sterling, then the same gold- wors'e"Kn ™'^
smith shall pay to the party complaining double the value of the vessel, and be ''"''"><¦
put in prison, and pay a fine according to the extent of the trespass. And our
Lord the King shall appoint such as he thinks proper to make the said assay as
well in London as elsewhere, at all such times as shall be necessary, and after
the assay made, to mark the said work vv^ith another mark, appointed therefor
by our said Lord the King. And it is assented that this ordinance shall begin
from the said Feast of St. John, and shall last as long as the next Parliament,
to try within that time whether it be useful or no."*
This Act appears not to have been renewed at the end of the term
for which it was enacted, but similar provisions are to be found in
statutes of the following reign.
The Statute S Richard II. c. 2 fn8i), enacted that none shall 5Rich,ii,c,2
transport gold or silver without license: "For the great mischief which the J^o^fe^ported""
realm suffereth and long hath done, for that gold and silver as well in money ''""°"' "'^""''¦
as in plate and jewels as otherwise by exchanges made in divers manners is
carried out of the realm so that in eSect there is none left, which thing if it
should be longer suffered, would shortly be the destruction of the same realm,
which God forbid."
In 1392 the Charter incorporating the London goldsmiths, which Renewal of
had been granted by Edward III., was renewed by a Charter of Richard ^^"i^Zuhs
-r T '~^-^^ • r* /""l Company,
II., bearing date 6 February, 16 Ric. II. Their first Charter was 16 Rich, 11,
thereby canfirmed and powers were given them to choose Wardens and
other officers.
The Statute 5 Henry IV. c. 4 (1403), enacted "That none from sHen iv.c^
henceforth shall use to multiply! gold or silver, nor use the craft of multiplication, ^;;;}^'p';'s=;'i;.°'; "'
and if any the same do and be thereof attaint that he incur the pain of felony prohibited,
in this case."
In 140^ was also enacted the Statute 5 Hen. IV. c. 13, entitled, f.Jl^"^''' <=¦ -^
"What things may be plated with gold or silver and what not;" which, after siiveri^g^of base
reciting that "fraudulent artificers, imagining to deceive the common people, unSs to'the""*
Church,
¦» Roll of Parliament, 2 Rich. II., No. 30.
f " Multiply" seems here to have meant to increase either by refining ores or by adulterating
fine silver.

IO

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths.

1 Hen. V. c. 4.
(1414).
Price or Silver-
gilt regulated.

8 Hen. V. c. 3
(1420).
Spurs of Nobles
and Knights
allowed to be
silvered.

2 Hen. VL c. 12
Master or the
Mint to give ful!
value for silver.

do daily make locks, rings, beads, candlesticks, harness® for girdles, hilts, chalices,
and sword pomels, powder boxes, and covers for cups, of copper and of fatten, and
the same overgild and silver, like to gold or silver, and the same sell and put to
gage to many men not having full knowledge thereof for whole gold and whole
silver, to the great deceit, loss, and hindrance of the common people, and. the
wasting of gold and silver," made it a penal offence to gild or silver any of
the articles mentioned in the recital, made of copper or latten, with an
exception that ornaments for the church might be made of copper or latten,
provided that in the foot or some other part of the ornament the copper
was left bare ; so " that a man may see whereof the thing is made, for to
eschew the deceit aforesaid."
In the same year (1404), the Charter of Edward III. was confirmed
by Henry IV., and the London goldsmiths were given jurisdiction in
respect of gold and silver work used by the cutlers.
In the year 1414, by the 2 Hen. V. c. 4, the seUing price of
silver-gilt was regulated, "for that the goldsmiths of England of their covin
and ordinances will not sell the wares of their mystery gilt but at the double
price of the weight of silver of the same, which seemeth to the King very out
rageous and too excessive a price ; the ICing for the ease of his people hath
ordained that all goldsmiths of England shall gild no silver wares worse than the
alloy of the English sterling ; and that they take for a pound of troy gilt but
forty-six shillings and eight-pence at the most, and of greater weight or less,
according to the quantity and weight of the same, and that which shall be by
them gilt from henceforth shall be of a reasonable price, and not excessive ; and
if any goldsmith do contrary to this statute, he shall forfeit to the King the value
of the thing sold."
By a later statute ofthe same reign the nobles and knights of the realm
obtained an amendment of the statute 5 Hen. IV. {supra), prohibiting the
gilding of base metal except for the church : the provisions of the 8 Hen. V.
c. 3 being that no other metal than silver shall be gilt except " the orna
ments of Holy Church ;" and no metal shall be silvered except " knights'
spurs and all the apparel that pertaineth to a baron and above that estate."
In 1423, by the Act 2 Henry VI. c. 12, "to the intent that the more
bullion may be brought to the Mint and the greater plenty of white money
be made and current within the realm, for the ease and profit of the
commonalty of the same," the Master of the Mint was required to keep
his allay ; to bring to every person bringing silver its true value ; the
King's Assayer, " which is a person indifferent betwixt the Master of the
Mint and the Merchant; and also the Controller," is to be present when
any bulHon is brought to the Mint, and affix its true value in case of

"•¦¦" " Harness " originally comprised all the accoutrements of an armed horseman, it appears to
be here limited to the studs and buckles of girdles.

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths. 1 1
difference ; the Assayer and Controller to be credible, substantial and
expert men, having perfect knowledge of the mystery of goldsmiths and
of the Mint; the Master of the Mint to convert into coin all gold and
silver, wrought or unwrought, coined or uncoined.
The Act 2 Henry VI. c. 13 fixed the price of a pound weight of silver 2 Hen, vi, c, 13,
Price of Silver
"(forasmuch as great scarcity of white money is within the realms, pj^f.^^' '""¦ """
because that silver is bought and sold, not coined), at 22s. the lb."
In the same year, by the Act 2 Hen. VI. c. 14, the provisions of former 2 Hen, vi, c, 14,
Penalty of double
statutes as to the quality of wrought silver and as to its being touched
and stamped with the leopard's head and maker's mark before being set
for sale, under a penalty of double the value, were re-enacted with
additions directing that the mark or sign of every goldsmith be known to
the Wardens ofthe same craft, and that an allowance be made for such "Touches- appointed to
" souder " as may be necessary, and imposing a penalty of double value
on "the keeper of the touch for every 'harness of silver'* which he
shall touch that is worse than sterling." It was by this statute that
" York, Newcastle-upon-Tine, Lincoln, Norwich, Bristow, Salisbury,
and Coventry," were appointed "to have divers touches." Except, how
ever, for the appointment of " touches " in these provincial towns the
operation of this Act is confined to the City of London.

value on the
Keeper of the
Touch for
" touching" silver
worse than
sterling.

York, Newcastle,
Lincoln, Norwich,
Bristol, S.-ilisbury,
and Coventry,
(1423-)

In 1462 the succeeding monarch, Edward IV., within twelve months London gou-
smiths Company's
of his having supplanted Henry VI. on the throne, granted to the Jlfel)?'"''""'
London Goldsmiths' Company a new charter dated 30 May, 2 Ed. IV., corporate Body
with large powers,
whereby the charter of Richard II. was confirmed, and they were for the
first time constituted a body corporate and politic with power to use a
common seal and hold lands in perpetual succession. They were also
invested with additional powers enabling them to search for, inspect, test
and regulate the working of all gold and silver wares in the city of
London and its suburbs, in all fairs and markets, and in all cities, towns
and boroughs, and all other places whatsoever throughout England, with
power to punish those who worked gold or silver below standard.
In 1477 by the Statute 17 Edward IV. c. i, the gold standard was i7Edw, iv,c, i,
1 • 1 r i'\n-)
more strictly defined, and provisions were made with reference to the
assaying of all gold and silver wares which will be seen to have had a
very important effect and to lead up to the system of marking by which,
from 1478 onwards, the exact year in which any fully marked example
¦"-"Harness of Silver"; the term here appears to be used in the wider sense of a general
equipment.

12

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths.

Reciting the
provisions of the
Act 2 Hen. VL
c. 14 {supra.)

Reciting that the
Act of Hen. VL
as to the quality
of silver is daily
broken.

The " touch " of
the Leopard's
Head being often
set to things
worse than
standard.

And that often
times the sign of
the worker is not
set as ordained,
whereby the
purchaser is
deprived of his
remedy.

Provides that no
gold shall be
wrought, sold, or
set to sale under
the fineness of 18
carats.

And no silver
unless it be asfine
as " sterling."

So much solder as
is necessary only
to be allowed.

And none to be
set to sale in
London or within
two miles of
London before it
be " touched"
with a touch of
the Leopard's
Head crowned.

[First mention of
the crowned
Leopard's Head.]

And also to be
marked with the
worker's mark.

of London-made plate was wrought can be determined by the Hall-marks
stamped on it. The Act provides that : —
"Whereas in the Parliament holden the second year of the usurped reign of
Henry the Sixth, late in deed and not of right King of England, amongst other
it was ordained, that no goldsmith nor worker of silver within the City of London
should sell anything wrought of silver, unless it be as fine as the sterling, except
that, that needeth solder in the making, which shall be allowed according as the
solder shall be necessary to be wrought in the same. And that no goldsmith,
nor jeweller, nor other man that worketh harness of silver, shall put any of
the same to sale in the same city, before it be touched with the touch of
the Leopard's Head, that which may reasonably bear the same touch ; and
also with the mark or sign of the worker of the same, upon pain of for
feiture of the double. And that the mark or sign of every goldsmith shall
be committed to the Wardens of the same mystery. And if it may be found;
that the Keeper of the Touch aforesaid do touch any such harness with the
Leopard's Head, which is not as fine in allay as the sterling, that then the
Keeper of the Touch for everything so proved not so good in allay as the sterling,
shall forfeit the double value to our Sovereign Lord the King and to the party,
which statute is daily broken by the goldsmiths and other workers of silver,
inhabiting as well in the city of I.^ondon as elsewhere, within this realm and
Wales ; and our Sovereign Lord the King in effect nothing answered of any
forfeiture comprised in the same statute, albeit that the King's liege people daily
buying things wrought by the said goldsmiths or workers, as fine gold or fine silver,
supposing it to be the same, when in deed it is not so, be grieviously deceived,
because the said touch of the Leopard's Head is oftentimes set to such things by
the said Keeper of the said touch of London and other places, as though the
thing were fine and not defective. And oftentimes the sign of the worker of the
same is not set thereto according to the statute aforesaid, nor the action given in
the same statute is no perfect remedy to the persons grieved in this behalf. It is
ordained by authority of this present Parliament, for the better execution of the
said statute, and for to eschew the deceit daily done by the said goldsmiths and
workers of gold and silver in the said city of London and elsewhere, within this
realm and Wales, that no goldsmith nor other worker of gold and silver, or either
of the same metals, from the said feast of Easter shall work, sell, or set to sale
any manner of base gold under the fineness of eighteen carats, otherwise called
crates, nor no silver, unless it be as fine as the sterling ; except such thing as
required solder in making of the same, which shall be allowed according to the
solder necessary to the making of the same, upon pain of forfeiture of the double
value of any such gold or silver wrought or sold to the contrary. Nor that no
goldsmith, jeweller, nor other worker of harness of silver shall set no harness of
silver plate, nor jewel of silver to sell, from the said feast of Easter, within the said
city of London, or within two miles of London, before it be touched with a touch
of the Leopard's Head crowned, such as may bear the same touch ; and also with a
mark or sign of the worker of the same, so wrought within the city of London, or
two miles of the same, upon pain of forfeiture of the double value of any such
silver wrought and sold to the contrary. And that the mark or sign of everv
goldsmith be committed to the Wardens of the same mystery. And if it may be
found that the said Keeper of the Touch of the Leopard's Head crowned afore
said, do mark or touch any such harness with the Leopard's Head, if it be not as

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths. 13
fine in allay as the sterling, then the said Keeper of the said Touch for everything The mark of everv
proved not of as good allay as the sterling, shall forfeit the double value : the foSeVt^the
same forfeitures to be divided in two parts, the one half to be applied to the use Zylti^°^ ""
of the King's house, and the other half thereof to the party grieved or hurt, in this
behalf ; or in his default, any other person which will pursue and prove such
forfeiture shall be thereto received, and have in this behalf an action of debt or at ToucMo''fot'fLt*"
the common law at his election, or before the justices of the peace of the county mato^t^tli^J'he
out of the city or town corporate where such forfeiture shall happen, to pursue as ^°^^l^^^^^
well for the King as for himself ; and if it happen in city, borough, or town ^'andard.
corporate, then before the mayor, sheriff or sheriffs, bailiff or bailiffs, or other chief
governor there, by bill or bills in this party. In which action of debt, and in the
bill or bills to be pursued, like disposition, demean, behaviour, judgment, and to'theuseof the
execution in this party shall be had, according as in the said article concerning hau^to thTpar^y
the money of Ireland is comprised, any charter, grant, corporation, or act made to ^""° '
the contrary notwithstanding. And because there be divers goldsmiths and other
workers of gold and silver, aliens and strangers inhabiting in the city of London, The penalty to be
and other places nigh thereabout, working their works in secret places and [heTustei'na"
privileged, and eloin the same, and will not be searched by the said Wardens of maTo'r'oTo'tter
the said Goldsmiths of London for the time being, nor will not be obedient and tbLl7\^°^'''
governed by them : therefore it is hereby ordained, that from the said feast of
Easter, every such alien and stranger goldsmith and worker of gold and silver,
inhabiting or to inhabit in the said city of London, and other places within two strangers working
miles of the same city, shall be obedient and ruled by the said Wardens of the secret pUres to be
said Goldsmiths, in all things lawful and reasonable, and suffer the stuff of gold and shaii inhabit
and silver by them wrought to be searched and marked after the rule of the said stre?ts"where''™
city, upon pain to be punished in manner and form as goldsmiths and workers of open'showi"gTs
gold and silver of England, inhabiting within the said city, by the rules of the pain of pimLh"
said craft of goldsmiths ought to be ruled. So always that the said aliens and were|oidsmUhs
strangers be not evil entreated, nor otherwise charged by any manner imposition °' ^"s'""''-
other than the said English goldsmiths be, shall be, and ought to be. And for
the better surveying of the said aliens and strangers in time to come to be had, it KtheKee erof
is ordained by the authority aforesaid, that the same aliens and strangers, gold- *|J°3*,fJ° ^f
smiths and workers of gold and silver, inhabiting within the said city, and every gow or silver as
'-' . ^ . ' . fine then in case
of them, from the feast of Saint Michael the archangel next coming, shall inhabit of non-suiBciency
, . -J. ji 1 J the persons of the
them m the open streets ot the said city, and where better and more open craft of goid-
showing is of their craft. And it is ordained hy the said authority that if the shaii be charge-
aforesaid Keeper of the said Touch, or worker of harness or other thing of gold or
silver not made of the said fineness, do touch or mark the same harness or other thing
as fine and able, that then for non- sufficiency of the said Keeper and Worker, the
persons of the said craft of goldsmiths of the said city of London, hy whatsoever
name or names they be corporate, shall be chargeable and charged of the forfeitures
by like action or actions of debt as is aforesaid in like manner and form as
immediately before is specified,"
It is remarkable that, while the Act of 1300 and that of 1477 last
quoted both provide that no wrought silver shall be sold before it be
marked with the leopard's head, there is no such provision in express
terms in either Act with regard to the mark of the leopard's head being
set on gold. There is, however, the express provision that if the keeper

14 Legislation concerning Goldsmiths.
of the touch, or worker of gold or silver, do touch or mark the same as
fine and able, that then the craft of goldsmiths of London, by whatsoever
name or names they be corporate, shall be chargeable. It would seem,
therefore, that except by implication there was no statutory provision
requiring the leopard's head mark to be struck on gold. It may have
been that gold at this time being extremely scarce, it was very little
used except for jewellery and for gilding silver. In the former case the
marking might have effected an injury, in the latter the provision as to
marking silver would apply.
The facts that in the Act of 1477 the leopard's head is for the first
time described as "crowned," and that the persons of the craft of gold
smiths of London, by whatever name incorporated, are made liable in
case the keeper of the touch should mark inferior metal as fine gold or
fine silver will be found considered in Chapter VI.
It was provided by the Act of 1477 that its provisions should con
tinue in force for seven years. It was, however, not renewed until 1489,
when it was re-enacted for a further term of twenty years.
4Hen,viLc, 2 In thc samc year (1489) was passed the Act 4 Hen. VII. c. 2,
(1488-9), which is the next statute on the subject. It appears from the preamble
that in previous years all gold and silver required, as well by the mints
as by goldsmiths, had been refined by " finers and parters "* under "a
rule or order of the mints of London, Calais, Canterbury, York, and
Durham, for the amendment of money and plate .... that every
thing might be reformed to the right standard," but that now they (the
finers and parters) dwelt abroad^ in every part of the realm and out
of the (operation of the) rules before-mentioned, and that a practice had
grown up in certain places distant from those towns, where mints were
established, of buying "gilt silver" and "parting and fining it," and of
alloying the silver so obtained without regard to the sterling alloy, and
so causing "money and plate in divers places of the realm to be worse
in fineness than it should be," so that men could get no fine silver. It
No Refiner to was thcrcfore enacted that " no finer of gold or silver," nor any " parter of
alloy silver or , . _ n 7 7 7
gow, or sen either the Same by fire or water, should alloy fine gold or silver, nor sell any except
^oTdsm'it'hs^'''''""' lo the "officers ofthe mints, changes, and goldsmiths," that every finer should
put his mark on the silver parted by him, and that no silver should be
sold "molten into mass."
A "parter" was one who separated gold and silver from the ore ; another word for refiner.
t ¦¦ Abroad " ; not necessarily out of the country, but at some distance aviay.

Silver coinage
restored to old
sterling.

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths. 15
In 152^ (18 Hen. VIII.) the old ''Tower" pound, by which silver iSHen-vin.
had been formerly weighed,* was abolished by Royal Proclamation. ^^'^^\'^'r^K a
^ <j ' J J pound abolished.
In 155^, by the Act 7 Edward VI. c. 6, the provisions of the 7Edw,vLc,6
17 Edward IV. c. i (1477) above — which had been renewed in 1489 "^".j^jtsof
for a term of twenty years — were re-enacted for a further term of '^ Edw. iv, c, i.
twenty years.
The silver coinage, which had been scandalously debased in the
reigns of Henry VIII. and Edward IV., f to the extent that in 1551 the
issue consisted of only three ounces of silver in every pound weight of
coins, had been raised to 11 -oz. i-dwt. fine the following year, lowered
again by Queen Mary, in 1553 to 11 ounces, was restored in 1560 by j^'^Mip'
an Act of the 2 Eliz. to the old Sterhng Standard of 11 -oz. 2-dwts.
fine, and on the 19th February, 156?, the base money was called in by
Royal Proclamation. From that time to the present day (except from
25th March, 1697 ^'^ ^7'^9) the standard for silver money and manu
factured plate has been identical.
In 1576, by reason of the number of complaints which had been ibehz, c, 15
made against goldsmiths generally of making gold and silver wares S'edat^"3''t-L'!ats
below the standard of fineness and of using more solder than was ^"-oz,'2''-dw'tsfine,
necessary, for the purpose of increasing the weight and selling the same ^iderTTfused,
at high prices — many of the leading members of the craft being amongst Goldsmiths'
charges fixed at
the offenders — it was enacted by the 18 Eliz. c. 15, on the Sth February Jof..P£h°X/'
1576, that "after the 20th April 1576 no goldsmith should work, sell, ooidsmith to set
his own mark on
or exchange any wares of gold less in fineness than 22 carats, and that ^^f^'^^'^t""'
he use no sother, amell, or other stuffing more than was necessary for wardens to pay
forfeit the value,
finishing the same, nor make, sell, nor exchange any wares of silver less g°y'*°''5^''^'Jf "
in fineness than 11 ounces 2 pennyweights, nor take above twelve pence standard"'""'"
for the ounce of gold or pound of silver beyond, for the fashion, more
than the buyer should or might be allowed for the same at the Queen's
Exchange or Mint, nor put to sale any ware before he had set his own
mark on so much thereof as might conveniently bear the same, and if
after the above day any gold or silver wares should be touched (as and)
for good by the Wardens or Masters of the Mystery and there should
afterwards be found fraud or deceit therein, the wardens shall pay
forfeit, the value of the thing so marked."
See Tables of Goldsmiths' Weights in Chapter I. (supra).
t See the Table of Silver Standards in Chapter III, (infra).

i6

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths.

Possible
explanation of
absence of Hall
Marks from
much plate of
the period 1575
to 167^ (Feb. 23),
when Goldsmiths'
Company issued
notice on
subject.l

Cf. the reference
to Wni. Cater in
chap. V.

Few enactments
concerningGoldsmiths in
17th century.

It is remarkable that in this statute, while it requires the goldsmith
to set his own mark on all wares before sale, and imposes a penalty of the
value of the thing upon the master and wardens (of the Goldsmiths'
Company) for touching as " good " any gold or silver wares in which
fraud or deceit should afterwards be found, no mention is made of the
mark of the leopard's head (as in former statutes) nor of the date letter
or lion passant, which long before this had become the distinguishing
marks of gold and silver wares touched as " good " at Goldsmiths'
Hall. It is remarkable, also, that no reference is made to the Act of
17 Edward IV. (1477) which fixed the standard for gold wares at 18
carats fine. Possibly the omission of any mention in this Act of
Elizabeth of any marks other than the maker's mark being required to be
stamped on gold or plate may account for the number of pieces of plate
which are found bearing the marks of London makers and provincial
makers ofthe i6th and 17th centuries and no other marks.
No enactment upon this subject appears in the statute books for a
long period from the passing of the Act of 1576 ; in fact, with the
exception of the Act 21 Jac. I. c. 28, 162^ (which repealed the restrictions
contained in the Act 37 Edward III. c. 7, against silversmiths meddling
with gilding, and against gilders working in silver) and the three Acts of
Wm. & Mary and Wm. III. [infra), which were passed with the object of
obtaining silver for the mint and preventing the melting down of coin,
no statute concerning Enghsh goldsmiths, their work, or marks appears
to have been enacted by the Legislature between 1576 and 1696, a
period of one hundred and twenty years, during the greater part of
which the goldsmiths of England appear to have been allowed to conduct
their business very much in their own way without interference.
The fact that the forces of the country were, during the reign of
Charles I., more busily engaged in the confiscation and melting down of
plate than in its manufacture, would probably account both for the scarcity
of plate made during the period and for the absence of legislation on the
subject. However that may be, very little seems to have been done to
prevent irregularities in the trade during that reign, or until fifteen years
after the Restoration, and even then it appears to have been left entirely
to the Goldsmiths' Company to enforce the old laws with reference to the
fineness and Hall-marking of plate, without any fresh statutory aid.
Meanwhile, the country had recovered from the consequences of the
t A copy of this notice is set forth in Chapter V.

Legislation, concerning Goldsmiths. 1 7
wars, and with restored means the people had abandoned the frugal
simplicity of the Puritanical life and had adopted a more luxurious style
requiring more costly equipments. There was consequently a greater
demand for wrought silver, so that now, instead of plate being melted
down for coinage, as had been the case half a century before, time's silver coinage
melted down
revenge had wrought a contrary result, and the silver coin of the realm "j'^^j^'"''""'
was freely resorted to for material for the plateworker. To such an
extent was coin used for this purpose, not only by the nobility and
wealthy commoners, but by the keepers of inns and taverns for drinking
vessels in common use, that the amount of silver coin left in circulation
became insufficient for the requirements of the public, and great difficulty Scarcity of
^ 1 ' o ./ Sliver coins,
was experienced in providing sufficient silver for the Mint. Moreover,
the fact of this common use of plate in public houses, and places where
formerly pewter had been found sufficient, occasioned, it was alleged,
many burglaries and murders, and the inconvenience to the community
from these causes had become so accentuated by the year 1695 that the
Grand Jury of Middlesex made a presentment on the subject to His
Majesty's judges, praying them to make application to His Majesty's common use of
Council or Parliament to discover means for preventing such common '" '^'5-
use of silver in such places.
The first statute which had been passed since the reign of James I. iWm,&My,
c, 30 (i68g)
up to this time, with reference to gold and silver, was : i William and ^'^P'^^^'tions
Mary, c. 30 (1689), repealing the 5 Henry IV. c. 4, because great nSpiying
gold and silver.
advances had been made by divers persons in the art of refining metals
" which abound in this realm," and extracting gold and silver out of the
same, " who dare not exercise their skill within the realm for fear
of falling under the penalty of the said statute but exercise the said art
in foreign parts." This repeal of the statute restricting the "multi- ^f"^^"^'",^,^
plication " of gold and silver was subject to the proviso " that all gold °'*'" '"''
and silver that shall be extracted  shall be employed for no other
use or uses whatsoever but for the increase of moneys," and are to be
taken to the Mint, in London, where the full value is to be given.
The Act 6 and 7 Wilham III. c. 17 (169^), provided that no person e&rwm.m,
should export bullion unless stamped at Goldsmiths' Hall, and the f^^''^^'^l°^^°^^
Wardens were not to stamp it without proof that no part of it before it
was molten was coin.
With the object therefore of preventing the silver coin of the realm
from being melted down and converted into " monteaths," tankards.

exportation of
bullion.

i8

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths.

7&8 Wm. IIL
c. 19 (1695-6).
To encourage
bringing of plate
to the Mint.

8 Wm. III. c. 8
(1696-7).

Silver standard
raised to
II oz. 10 dwls.
fine.

Exemption of
silver wire and
very small
articles from
being Hall-marked.

cups, bowls, and the like, for use in public places, it was enacted by the
statute 7 and 8 William III. c. 19 (1696) entitled " An Act to encourage
bringing of plate to the mint to be coined and for remedying the ill state
of the coin of this realm," that no person keeping an inn or tavern, or
selling wine, should expose in his house any plate, except spoons, under
the penalty of forfeiting the same, and that no silver should be exported
without a certificate from the Court of the Lord Mayor and Alderman
that it was foreign bullion before it was molten.
But these provisions being insufficient, a further statute was enacted
in 169^ (8 Wm. III. c. 8)* whereby the standard for wrought plate
was, on the 25th March, 1697, raised to 11 oz. 10 dwts. fine, as set
forth in the chapter on the Standards for Gold and Silver, and in
order to replenish the stock of silver for coinage, the Act also provided
for the purchase by the mint of any wrought plate bearing the stamps of
the London Goldsmiths' Company at 5s. 4d. per ounce. This Act
further provided that plate should be stamped with marks of a kind
diff'erent from those which had been used previously. These marks
will be found referred to in Chapter VI. , which deals with the subject.
In this Act also an express exemption is made for the first time from
the control of the assay office of silver wire and articles which by reason
of their smallness were incapable of being stamped with the prescribed
marks. The Act imposed a penalty of ;i^500 for counterfeiting marks
on wrought plate, and re-enacted the provision for a penalty being
imposed upon the Goldsmiths' Company in respect of every article
marked by them in which it might appear that there was fraud or
deceit. The provisions of this Act were continued for twenty-one years, the
stocks of silver having been in the meantime to some extent replenished
by capture from the Spaniards, although large quantities had been
exported to the East Indies and other parts — not without complaints in
the country and Parliament as to continued scarcity. In 1719 the
provisions of the Act of 1696 making compulsory the use of the extra
fine or Britannia standard for wrought plate (which had been found to
be too soft for hard wear) were repealed. Meanwhile the restrictions
against the exportation of silver had been to a slight extent removed by
the 9 and 10 William III. c. 28, which permitted the exportation of
watches and other manufactured articles of silver, with the proviso that
' This Act did not extend to Scotland or Ireland.

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths. 19
no watch-cases were to be exported without movements and that the
maker's name was to be engraved on all watches made.
An omission (probably unintentional) from the Act of 1696 of any :2&i3\v. m,
/...., c, 4 (1700-1)
mention of the provincial assay offices appears to have caused them Rs"tabiishmcnt
*¦ ^11 ol Provincial
great hardship for the reason that while the standard for plate was ^'''''^ °^''^'-
raised throughout England the provincial offices were not empowered to
use the marks with which such higher standard plate was to be stamped.
They were, therefore, practically deprived of all their business until in the
year 170°, the statute 12 & 13 Wm. III. c. 4, reciting the difficulties and
hardships which had been endured, appointed Wardens and Assay
Masters in the Cities of York, Exeter, Bristol, Chester and Norwich,*
to assay and touch wrought plate of the new standard. The provisions Penalty of £500
imposed for
01 this statute will be found more fully dealt with in the chapters counterfeiting
-' ^ marks on
on the Provincial Assay Offices. This statute also imposed a penalty """s'" ?'="=•
of ^500 for counterfeiting marks on wrought plate.
By the Act 6 Geo. I. c. 11 (17 19), the old standard of 11 oz. 2 dwts. eceo, 1, r, n
(1719), Duty
for silver was revived for the reason (as stated in the preamble) that pj;^^^ 5i°^t' °"
silver wares of that standard were more serviceable and durable than '"'''°""'-
those made of the standard of 1 1 oz. 10 dwts. fine. The higher (or
Britannia) standard was however not abolished, its use being left to the
option of the goldsmith concurrently with the lower standard. The
same Act imposed a tax of sixpence per ounce on all silver plate wrought
in Great Britain which " should or ought to be touched, assayed, or
marked." This was the first imposition of duty on plate, and it was
collected by the Officers of Excise, but, owing to the provisions for
ascertaining and collecting the duty having been found ineffectual, the
Act was repealed thirty-eight years afterwards, and a duty for licenses to
deal in plate was substituted therefor.
In 1738, by reason of the number of charges of dishonest practices i2Geo, 11,0,26
(1738-9), for
which had been brought against goldsmiths and plate workers, it became f^^^^"""!
necessary to promote further legislation on the subject, and the important
statute, 12 Geo. II. c. 26, entitled: "An Act for the better preventing
Frauds and Abuses in Gold and Silver Wares " was passed, reciting
that the standards of the " plate of this Kingdom are both for the honour and forLmng gou
riches of the realm, and so highly concern His Majesty's subjects that the same bdowstandrrT
ought to be most carefully observed and all deceits therein to be prevented as the prope°'lssay
much as possible," and that great frauds are committed daily for the lack of forging^markl
Bristol and Norwich do not appear to have taken advantage of this Act. Newcastle was
given similar privileges by an Act of the following year.

20 Legislation concerning Goldsmiths.
power to effectually prevent them. The frauds referred to being chiefly
that gold and silver wares had been wrought below the standard, and
in particular that excessive quantities of solder had been used in the
manufacture and sold as standard metal — the Act again fixed the
standard for gold at 22 carats, and for silver at 11 oz. 2 dwts. (the
old standard) without abolishing the higher standard of 11 oz. 10 dwts.;
and it imposed new penalties with imprisonment in default of payment
for selling gold and silver wares below standard and without the proper
assay marks, and for forging marks. Certain gold and silver wares,
mostly small articles, were excepted from the operation of the Act*
Workers were required to send particular information to the assay
offices with the wares of gold or silver sent to be assayed, in order
to check frauds in regard to the duty by the " private making and
manufacturing of silver plate." The duties of the wardens were in
some respects defined, regulations were made for the London Assay
Office, the charges to be made for assays were limited, and a new
offmaAslo be form was defined for makers' marks, and the old marks were ordered
destroyed. . i . i ¦ , , r r
to be destroyed, particulars respecting which will be found set forth
in Chapter VI. , in which the subject of Marks on Plate is dealt with.
31 Geo, II, u, 32 The Act 31 Geo. II. c. 32 (1757-8) repealing the 6 Geo. I. c. 11,
T.Ttobepi'id'bJ whereby 6d. per oz. duty had been made payable on plate from 1720,
duty,'^' in leu o g^^Jg)-J|-^^-g^J a license tax of 40s. per annum, payable bv every dealer in
Death penalty for _ ' r J j j
marks!*'""^ gold aud sllvcr wares, and for the first time declared the counterfeiting
of dies and marks used at the assay offices, and the fraudulent
transposing of genuine marks, to be felony punishable by death.
Establishment of Thc Statutc 13 Gco. III. c. 52 (i 772-3), is the local Act establishing
Assay Oflices at r t-» ¦ ¦ i
Bi™i"gham and thc assay officcs of Birmingham and Sheffield, which will be found
Sheffield (1772-3), -^ ^ '
mentioned in the chapter on Provincial Assay Offices.
Death penalty Thc 1 3 Gco. III. c. 59, substltuted transportation for fourteen years
reduced to
transportation for for thc dcath pcualty uudcr the ^i Georgre II. c. X2.
fourteen years j. ^ yj Q \j
I'/Geo'iii, c,53 ^^ 1784- the duty on plate (which had been repealed by 31 Geo. II.

New form for
makers' marks
ordered, and

c. 53
(1784). Duty -

per oz. on" gold c. ^2) was re-imposcd and extended to gold by the Statute 24 Geo. IIL
and 6d. per oz. on
silver re-imposed, c. 53. Thc duty Imposcd by this Act was 8s. per ounce on gold and 6d.
per oz. on silver, payable on and after ist December, 1784. The
amount of the duty was increased from time to time, but the provisions
•-" A list of these will be found in Chapter VI. at the conclusion of the remarks on the
Sovereign's head.

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths. 21
of the Act requiring that the duty should be paid to the Assayers at the
various assay offices, and by them paid each day to the Accountant,
continued in force until the duty was repealed in 1 890. Every worker
was required under a penalty to deliver at the assay office a ticket
or note containing his name, place of abode, and an account of the
wares and duty, with every parcel of work. These notes were filed
by the Accountant, who was obliged to deliver to an officer of the
Inland Revenue, within two months after the end of every quarter,
a copy of his account, and at the same time pay over the duty received,
less 2^ per cent, commission, which was reduced to i per cent, by the
12 and 13 Vic. c. 80. Forging the duty mark was made a capital felony
punishable with death.
By the Act 37 Geo. III. c. 90 (1796-7), the duty on gold was
continued at eight shillings per ounce, but the duty on silver plate was
increased to one shilling per ounce.
The Act 25 Geo. III. c. 64 (1785), required every dealer in gold and 25 Geo. m, 0,64
silver plate to take out a license annually at the cost of £2 6s. or =1=^'"^' '"^'^"^'=5
£2 15s., according to the description ofthe articles in which he dealt, and
this license was an addition to the duty payable at the assay offices on
manufactured gold and silver. This Act gave relief to manufacturers
in the shape of drawback on exported goods, but exporters were required
to stamp or engrave on the inside of every watch-case a number
corresponding with the number upon the works of the watch.
In 1797-8, by the Act 38 Geo. III. c. 24, watch-cases both of gold 38 George ra, c,
24 (i797"8).
and silver were exempted from the duty which had been payable smce watch-cases
^ -^ 1 -/ exempted from
1 784, and this exemption was continued thenceforward until the repeal ''"'^''
of the duty on plate.
By a later Statute of the same year (38 Geo. III. c. 69) the 38 Geo, in, c, 69,
New standard of
additional standard of 18 carats fine was added to the single standard of ]l, ^^li^^f^"^
22 carats previously in use, as mentioned in the chapter on the Standards, orS, °
and it was provided that this additional standard should be marked with
a crown and the figures 18, and that the lion passant should not be
struck on it. This Act also provided that if any ware after being duly Additions to
^ -^ w ./ finished plate
assayed should be altered so that its character was changed, or should p--°''*>te'i.
have an addition made to it bearing a greater proportion to its original
weight than four ounces to every pound Troy, then it should be assayed
as a new ware and the duty paid on the whole weight. In the case of
an addition of a less proportion than four ounces to the pound, then the

Punishment for
forging mark:
Seven years'
transportation,

(1812), I Geo, IV, u, 14
(1820),

2 2 Legislation concerning Goldsmiths,
addition only should be assayed and marked, and the duty paid on such
addition only, provided that the worker had, previously to making it,
submitted the original ware with a description of the proposed addition
to the assay office and obtained the sanction of the Authorities to the
addition being made. This Statute clearly defines the offences of forging
«"«"%""•"' jjigg and marks, and makes the offence of forging the mark denoting the
transDortation. ^ ; «-^ *_>
gold standard then established a felony punishable by transportation for
seven years.
By the Act 44 Geo. III. c. 98 (1803-4) the duty on gold was
increased to sixteen shillings per ounce, and that on silver plate to
one shilling and three pence per ounce.
In 1814-5 by the Act 55 Geo. III. c. 185, the duty on manufactured
gold was increased to seventeen shillings per ounce, and on silver to
eighteen pence per ounce.
52^Geo.iii, c,59 Thc Statutcs 52 Geo. III. c. 59 (1812), i Geo. IV. c. 14 (1820),
and the 3 & 4 Wm. IV. c. 97 (1833), provided for allowance of draw
back of Duty on exported gold wares and plate — excepting gold rings
3 & 4 Wm. IV.
AiioJing"'' and small wares under two ounces — upon the Officers of Customs being
exportefpiTte, satisficd that the duty had been paid, and that the plate was new and
had not been used, and upon the owner giving security that it should
not be reimported.
iwm.iv, 0,66 The Act I Wm. IV. c. 66 (1830), substituted transportation for
I'Sitaiedfor" death as the punishment for the forgery of assay office marks, and the
forforgiVmaAs, Act 4 & 5 Vlc. c. 56 (1841) aboUshcd the death punishment and
substituted transportation for forging the duty mark.
The Act 5 & 6 Vic. c. 46 (1842) provided that all gold and silver
plate not being battered, which shall be imported from Foreign parts to
be sold or exchanged or exposed to sale, should be of the respective
standards now applicable to English-made plate, and that none should
be sold until it had been assayed and marked in England, Scotland,
or Ireland. An exception was made in favour of such as had been
wrought previous to the year 1800 : the onus of proving the date
of the manufacture being on the party selling or offering such plate.
7&8Vic,c,22 The Act 7 & 8 Vic. c. 22 (1844) repealed the 13 Geo. III. c. 59 as
Md'orflredTncw to thc punishmcut for certain frauds and offences, and codified the
goTd, """" offences. The statute declares each of the following offences to be
felony, and punishable with transportation (now penal servitude) or
imprisonment : —

Legislation concerning Goldsmiths. 23
Forging or counterfeiting any die used by any of the companies of
goldsmiths or guardians of the standard of wrought plate.
Marking wares with a forged die.
Counterfeiting marks of any die.
Transposing marks from one article of gold or silver to another,
or to an article of base metal.
Having possession without lawful excuse, and knowingly, of a
forged die, or of any article bearing the mark of a forged die or a
transposed mark.
Cutting off marks with intent to affix them to other wares.
Affixing to any ware a mark cut from another ware.
Fraudulently using genuine dies.
This Act also provided that 22 carat gold should not continue
to be marked as theretofore with the lion passant to indicate the
standard but should be marked with a crown and 22.
In 1854, eff'ect was given to representations which had been made
from time to time to the Board of Trade, that there was a great demand
in the United States of America and other parts for English watches,
but that English gold cases, by reason of the high quality of the gold
compulsorily used, were too costly for those markets. It was further
alleged that the Americans imported English movements without cases,
which they put into cases of about 10 carat standard and sold in South
America and other parts at lower prices than articles of the same
appearance could be made for in England, much to the detriment of
English trade. The Act 17 & 18 Vic. c. 96, was consequently passed, i7&i8Vic,
c, 96 (1854),
permitting the adoption of any gold standard not being less than one- ^r^^''!''^^llfg
third of fine gold to be approved by Her Majesty in Council. In pur- goS established,
suance of this enactment, three lower standards of 15 carat, 12 carat
and 9 carat respectively were added to the standards of 22 carat and 18
carat previously sanctioned, and it was provided that the marks denoting
each standard should be the figures: "15" and "-625" for 15 carat;
"12 "and "'5" for 12 carat, and "9" and "'375" for 9 carat. The
decimal fraction in each case representing the proportion of fine gold
in the alloyed metal.
The Act 30 & 31 Vic. c. 90 (1867) re-arranged the duty payable 3o&3iVic,c, 90 (1867),
by dealers, refiners, and manufacturers, the scale being : — deaTeS'ikenses
Dealers in gold exceeding 2 dwts. and under 2 oz. \ £2 6s. per
„ „ silver „ 5 „ „ „ 30 „ j annum.

24 Legislation concerning Goldsmiths.
Dealers in gold exceeding 2 oz. up to any weight annum

, £S 15s. per
silver ,, 30

Gold and silver refiners, &c.
46&47Vic, The Act 46 & 47 Vic. c. 55 (1883) provides, under a penalty of
0,55(1883). TT/ .J,J \ .J/ ^
as"ay'oHoreign .;^50 and forfclturc of the goods, that Foreign plate shall be assayed and
markedTn°same Hall marked in the same manner as if it were English, but with the
manner as
tSditi^n of addition of the letter F — exception being made in favour of goods imported
lionin^cas^^o^" solcly for prlvatc use and not for sale or exchange — and that on being
plate not for sale
piate'SpabTe'' importcd it shall be taken into the custody of the Revenue Officers until
withouf in^my.'^ the Act is complied with.
This Act, which was passed in connection with the collection of
duty, is still in force as to assaying and marking, and the penalty for
attempted evasion is also still in force.* The Act 47 & 48 Vic. c. 62 (1884)
however excepted from compulsory assay imported Foreign plate and
fihgree work so ornamental as to be incapable of being marked without
damage.
53 Vic, o, 8 The Act 53 Vic. c. 8 (1890) provided that "on and after ist May, 1890,
toyoi^oid and ^hc dutlcs OU ' pktc of gold and plate of silver' shall cease to be payable,
SI ver pate, ^^^ ^^^ drawback upon the exportation of plate shall cease to be allowed,"
and that an allowance by way of drawback according to weight should be
paid to every licensed dealer in plate who had, on or before 7th May,
1890, given notice to the Commissioners of Inland Revenue of his
intention to claim the allowance in respect of articles of plate of silver
manufactured in the United Kingdom which had not left the stock of
any manufacturer or dealer, provided that such articles should have been
produced and taken account of by the proper officer of Inland Revenue
and the weight ascertained in the month of June in the same year.
The Act contains further provisions as to drawback in respect of
duty which had been paid on new plate in the stock of manufacturers
and dealers ; but these are mere details, the main provisions of
the Act being that the duties on " gold and silver plate " ceased
on 1st May, 1890, from which date the use of the duty stamp
— a representation of the Sovereign's head — was also discontinued.
'•¦¦¦ A Bill containing further provisions with reference to the compulsory Hall Marking of Foreign
plate is now (June, 1904) being considered by Parliament,

The Standards for Gold and Silver Wares. 25

CHAPTER IIL
THE STANDARDS FOR GOLD AND SILVER WARES.
The first introduction of a Standard for gold wares in England -standards" for
Gold and Silver.
was by the Statute 28 Edw. I. c. 20 (1300) which provided that no
goldsmith should make any wares of gold worse than the Touch of Paris
(which was 19.1 carats fine), or of silver except of the "esterling allay"
(sterling alloy).* This standard for gold continued in force until 1477,
when by the 17 Edw. IV. c. i, it was fixed at 18 carats. In 1576,
by the 18 Eliz. c. 15, it was raised to 22 carats. In 1798 the Act 38
Geo. III. c. 69 established two distinct standards of 22 carats and 18
carats, which have been in force ever since, and in 1854 — by the Act
17 and 18 Vic. c. 96 — three lower standards of 15, 12, and 9 carats
respectively were added.
The smallest proportion of alloy which has been found sufficient to Proportion of
'^ '^ •' Alloy to fine

Metal,

give the necessary degree of hardness to gold is 2 parts of alloy to 22
parts of pure gold, whereby gold 22 carats fine is obtained, which now
is, and has been ever since the year 1660, the standard of the English
gold coinage. In Ireland, gold 20 carats fine (for which there is a
particular stamp) is occasionally, but very rarely, used. The standard
for the silver coinage, established in 1 300 by Edwd. I. was 11 oz. 2
dwts. of pure silver and 18 dwts. of copper to the pound (Troy). This
standard continued in force until the year 1542, from which year the
coinage was debased more or less till 1559, when the old standard of
1 1 oz. 2 dwts. was restored, and it has been retained as the standard for
the silver coinage ever since. Silver of this standard is called "sterhng," Meaningof" Sterling."
derived it is supposed "from the Germans, who were termed Easterlings
by the English from their living Eastward ; and who were first called
in by King John to reduce the silver to its due fineness, and such (silver)
money in ancient writings is called " Easterlings. ""f" In the course of
years the first two letters were dropped, and in a Statute of 1343 (17
Edw. III.) it is ordained that "good sterling money should be made in
•¦¦¦ " Alloy " is here used with reference to the mixture of pure silver and alloy.
f Camden " Britannia,"

26

The Standards for Gold and Silver Wares.

Britanniastandard for
silver.

Permitted
divergence from
standard par
ticularly small.

England." Whenever, therefore, the term "sterling" is used with refer
ence to silver, it must be understood as being at least 1 1 oz. 2 dwts.
fine, with no more than 18 dwt. of alloy in every 12 oz. gross.
In the year 1696 an Act of Parliament (8 & 9 Wm. III. c. 8) was
passed providing that on and after March 25th 1697 no plate-worker
in England should make any article of silver of less fineness than 1 1 oz.
10 dwts. of fine silver in every pound (Troy), nor offer for sale, exchange,
or sell any article made after that day but of that standard, nor until it
had been marked with the marks appointed to distinguish plate of this
new standard. The marks being : the worker's mark, to be expressed by
the first two letters of his surname ; the marks of the goldsmiths' craft,
which (instead of the leopard's head and lion as formerly) were to be the
figure of a lion's head erased, and the figure of a woman commonly called
Britannia; and a distinct and variable mark to denote the year in which
such plate was made. The reason for this alteration of the standard for
silver was that, large quantities of plate having been sacrificed or con
fiscated by Royalists and Parliamentarians, the stores of plate throughout
the country had become depleted by the middle of the 1 7th century, and
on peace being restored the silver coin of the realm was resorted to for
conversion by the goldsmith into all kinds of vessels for daily use. Silver
coin thus became scarce, and this scarcity became so accentuated in 1695
that Parliament was petitioned to prevent such use of the silver coinage,
and the Act above cited, making the standard for plate 8 oz. finer than
the silver coinage, was the result, and plate of this extra fineness is
commonly known as of the "Britannia standard." This standard was,
however, compulsory for twenty-three years only, it being found too
soft for general use, and the old " sterling " standard was restored by
the 6 Geo. I. c. 11, which took effect on June i, 1720, since which date
the use of both standards is permitted at the option of the goldsmith.
This option will be found referred to further on.
It being found impossible in practice to mix alloy and pure metal
with such absolute exactness that every part of the mixture shall have
exactly the same proportions of pure metal and alloy, a very slight
divergence from standard is allowed. This permitted divergence from
standard, technically called the " remedy," has varied from time to time.
The earliest recorded for gold coin was ^th of a carat, allowed by
Edw. III. in 1345, when the standard was 23 carats 3I grains fine.
This "remedy" continued to be the allowance until 1649, thenceforward

The Standards for Gold and Silver Wa

res.

27

ith of a carat was allowed until 18 17, when it was reduced to yV^h of a
carat. It was further reduced in the reign of Queen Victoria by about
25 per cent, of the old allowance to -002, or ^\-^\h, less than a halfpenny
in the pound. The silver "remedy" was 2 dwts. per lb. from 1601 to
1 81 7, when it was reduced by half, and this was further reduced in the
reign of Queen Victoria to '004, or aloth, exactly double the variation
which is allowed in the case of gold, or, in other words, an allowance of
a little less than a pennyworth in a pound's worth of silver.
The following tables show the standards in force for gold and silver
money and for gold and silver wares from the year 1300, it being
understood that the standard shewn as fixed at any particular date
remained in force until the date of the succeeding entry : —
TABLE OF GOLD STANDARDS.

A.D.

Reigns.

Standard for Gold Money.
Per oz, of Gold Coin,

Standard for Gold Wares,
Per oz, of Wrought Gold.

1300

28 Edward I.

PURE GOLD, ALLOY.
24 Carats . . . none

PURE GOLD. ALLOY.
igy Carats -f- 4J Carats"

1344

18 Edward III.

23 Carats 3^ grains + ... i grain

„ „ + „ „

1477

17 Edward IV.

). )> n )3 ~r ••• '» "

18 „ + 6

1509

I Henry VIII.

22 Carats ... +2 Carats

„ „ + „

1542

34 ..

23 „ ... + I

., „ + „ „

1544

36 „ „

22 „ ... + 2 „

„ „ + „ „

1545

37 ..

20 „ ... +4 „

„ „ + „ „

1549

3 Edward VI.

22 „ ... +2 „

„ „ + „ „

1550

4

23 " 3I grains + ... J grain

„ „ + „

1575

18 Elizabeth

„ „ „ „ +

22 „ + 2

1592

35

22 „ ... 4- 2 Carats

„ „ + „ „

1600

43

23 „ 3-I grains + ... * grain

., „ + „ „

1604

2 James I.

22 ,, ,,. + 2 Carats

„ „ + „ „

1605

3 .. ..

23 V 3i grains + ... |- grain

„ „ + „ „

1626

2 Charles I.

22 „ ... +2 Carats

)) )) ~r n ))

1798

38 George III.

„ „ „ „ + „ „

(^To „ (an additional Standard)

1854

17 & 18 Vict.

„ ., „ „ + „ ,.

, Three additional Standards of 15, 12 and
j g Carats respectively added, the two old
¦j Standards of 22 and 18 Carats being
(_ continued.

» The "Touch of Paris,"

28

The Standards for Gold and Silver Wares.

TABLE OF SILVER STANDARDS.
(the standard fixed at any PARTICULAR DATE REMAINED IN FORCE UNTIL
THE DATE OF THE SUCCEEDING ENTRy).

A.D,

Reigns,

SILVER MONEY.
Per 12 oz. of Silver Coin.

SILVER WARES (Plate).
Per 12 oz. of Plate.

1300

28 Edward I,

II

PURE SILVER,
OZ, 2 dwts, +

ALLOY.
18 dwts. (Sterling)

PURE SILVER. ALLOY.
II OZ. 2 dwts. + 18 dwts.*

1542

34 Henry VIII.

10

„ 0 „ +2

oz. 0 „ (Debased)

))

, „ „ + „ „

1544

36 „ „

6

„ 0 „ +6

)) 0 ,, „

"

, „ „ + „ „

1545

37 ..

4

„ 0 „ +8

„ 0 „

..

, „ „ + „ „

1549

3 Edward VI,

6

>, 0 „ +6

„ 0 „ „

„ .

, „ „ + „ „

1551

5

3

., 0 „ +9

» 0 ). „

„ ,

, „ „ + „ „

1552

6 „ „

II

,. I >, +0

„ 19 „ (Restored)

..

, „ „ + „ „

1553

I Mary

II

„ 0 „ +1

,, 0 „

» )

, „ „ + „ „

1560

2 Elizabeth

II

„ 2 „ +0

„ 18 „ (Sterling)

„ ,

, „ „ + „ „

1696

8&9Willm,III.

,.

„ „ „ + „

1) 5» >) 51

II >

,10 „ + 10 „ 1

1719

6 George I,

»

>, „ „ + „

n n )) 3)

II ,

,2 „ + 18 „ §

'^".\s good as Sterling," f Britannia" Standard, §01d "Sterling" Standard restored.
From 1 7 19 to the present day the standards for silver money and
plate have been the same, with the addition that goldsmiths have had,
and still have, the option of making plate of the higher or Britannia
standard and of having such plate stamped with the "Britannia" marks
at Goldsmiths' Hall, London.
It does not appear that the Britannia standard was ever adopted in
Scotland or in Ireland, but there is nothing to prevent the higher
standard being used if desired.
It is remarkable that notwithstanding the debasement of silver
money from the time of Henry VIII. to nearly the end of the reign of
Edward VI. (when in 155 1 it was so bad that there was only one-fourth
pure silver to three-fourths alloy, and the coins made of such base metal
could but be regarded as mere tokens), still all through these years the
standard for wrought plate was maintained at 1 1 oz. 2 dwts. of pure silver
and 18 dwts. of alloy to each pound weight.

The Assay.

29

CHAPTER IV.

THE ASSAY.

Assay (from the Old French assai, assay, essay, =examination, trial,
essay) is the operation of testing the purity of metals, and has from the
earliest period in the history of English goldsmiths been resorted to
in some mode or other for ascertaining — at any rate approximately —
the amount of pure gold or pure silver contained in any object
described as or represented to be "gold" or "silver."
The following technical terms used with reference to the operation
of assaying gold and silver should be borne in mind in reading the
following pages : —
The "Touch " is the operation of testing gold or silver by the early
method of rubbing it on a "touch-stone." This term continued to be
used with reference to the assay by crucible after the latter method had
superseded the former, except for rough and ready tests.
The " Touch-stone " is the stone on which the gold and silver is
rubbed to ascertain its quality.
"Touch-penny," "Touch-money" is the money payable for the com
pulsory assaying of gold and silver wares, the ancient charge for which
was a penny per pound.
In old times the word "Touch" was used not only with reference
to the trial or testing, but also to the quality of the metal, as the "Touch
of Paris," and sometimes to the mark of the Assay Office impressed on
it. As for example, in the State Papers (Domestic) Henry VIII. (1536),
mention is made that a report was widely spread in the North Country
that everybody was to bring in his plate in order that it might have the
" Touch of the Tower " struck on it.
" Partings " are the assays of metal which are composed of gold and
silver only; when gold predominates it is called a "gold parting," and
when silver predominates a "silver parting."
"The Diet" — (Medieval Latin dieta, from dies, a day), an assembly
held on a set day — is the term used to denote the scrapings taken from

Meaning of
Assay.

TechnicalTerms.

' Touch-stone."

' Touch-penny."
' Touch-rnoney."

' Partings.

' Diet."

30

The Assay.

Compulsory
assay for the
prevention of
adulteration.

The method.s of
Assayers.

wares sent to be assayed, and was so called because assays were made
periodically on certain fixed days.
It has been the avowed object of nearly every statute affecting gold
smiths to prevent the use of too much alloy, whereby the public may be
defrauded by a dishonest dealer. No fraud could be practised more
profitably or with greater impunity than the sale of adulterated gold
and silver wares, but for the special assistance which the law renders
to purchasers in the prevention of such offences and the detection and
punishment of offenders ; for gold may be alloyed considerably below
standard without detection, except by a special test, and in the case of
silver an amount of alloy almost equal to the weight of the silver may
be added without the colour being appreciably impaired. The means
taken for the prevention of such frauds were the establishment of assay
offices in the Metropolis and other parts of the Kingdom for the purpose
of testing gold and silver wares, and the incorporation of guilds or
companies of goldsmiths entrusted with the conduct of the assay offices
and empowered to deal with offenders and bring them to justice.
In all parts within the jurisdiction of these bodies, a goldsmith
or silversmith before he commenced working must have entered his name
and residence or place of business at one of these assay offices, and have
registered his mark in the form of a distinctive stamp or punch-mark
to be struck on every piece of gold or silver work manufactured by him.*
Having prepared his metal, taking care that its fineness is equal to the
required standard, he shapes it into the form in which it is intended to
be made, and before finishing it, lest it should be damaged by the assayer,
he stamps it with his own punch-mark and sends it to the assay office in
which his mark is registered (usually by being struck on a copper plate).
It is here examined by the assayers ^l^ other officers of the Cor
poration, in order to ascertain if it bear the maker's registered mark,
whether all the parts of which it is intended to be made are permanently
fixed together, and whether the weight is increased by any unnecessary
solder. If the result of this examination is unsatisfactory, it is returned
to the maker; but if satisfactory, then a scraping is taken from it 
from its several parts, if made of more than one piece — and the scrapings
are subjected to analysis to ascertain the quality of the metal. If it be
found deficient, then two other assays are made, and if still found deficient

» A list of some very small articles of gold and silver exempt from this rule will be found
further on.

The Assay. 3 1
the work is cut through and the article is returned to the worker. If it
be suspected that base metal has been fraudulently introduced within the
work from which a scraping could not be taken, the assayer is authorized
to cut the work through, and if the fraudulent introduction of base metal
is discovered, the entire work is confiscated ; but if no fraud be dis
covered, compensation is made to the owner for the destruction of his
work. But the plate-worker generally takes care to be on the safe side,
and as a rule the assayer finds the plates as good or slightly better than
standard. It is then stamped with the official stamps of the assay office
and returned to the worker, who finishes it for sale.*
One of the earliest modes of ascertaining the quality of gold and
silver in England was by touch. The metal to be tested was rubbed on
the " touch-stone, "'I' and the quality of the metal was ascertained by
comparing its rubbings with rubbings of pure gold and pure silver. In
a small book on this subject, entitled " A New Touchstone for Gold and
Silver Wares, "J the following paragraph occurs: —
" To know a good Touchstone, you must observe that the best sort are very
black and of a very fine grain, polished very smooth and without any spongy or
grain holes, and near the hardness of a flint, but yet with such a sharp cutting
greet (grit) that it will cut or wear the silver or gold when rubbed thereon. The
way to make a true touch on the touchstone is thus : When your touchstone is The use of the
very clean, (which if foul or soily it may be taken off by wetting and then rubbing "touchstone,'
it dry with a clean woollen cloth ; or if filled with touches of gold or silver, &c,,
it may be taken off by rubbing the touchstone with a pumice-stone in water,
and it will make it very clean ;) then your silver being filed, rub it steadily and
very hard on the stone, not spreading your touch above a quarter of an inch long,
and no broader than the thickness of a five shilling piece of silver, and so con
tinue rubbing it until the place of the stone whereon you rub be like the metal
itself ; and when every sort is rubbed on that you intend at that time, wet all
the touched places with your tongue, and it will show itself in its own coun
tenance." Any hard, black silicious stone or earthen ware will serve for a
touchstone, and in the latter half of the i8th century touch-stones
were made of black pottery at Etruria by Josiah Wedgwood, stamped
with the factory mark, and supplied to goldsmiths and assayers.
For "touching" gold, strips of metal called "touch-needles" were The use of the
Touchstone
used in three sets. One set was composed of gold alloyed with explained,
silver, another was alloyed with copper, and a third was alloyed
"•' See Watherston's " .\rt of Assaying."
t A piece of black flinty slate or imperfect jasper, found in Lydia, and sometimes called lapis
Lydias. if By " W.B. of London, Goldsmith ; London, 1667."

3 2 The Assay,
with a mixture of silver and copper. There were twenty-four needles
in each set, varying from one to twenty-four carats fine. The streak
of metal left on the touchstone was compared with the streaks made
by the needles, all being washed with nitric acid, which, dissolving
the alloy, left only pure gold on the stone, and, by comparison of the
quantity of gold so left, the fineness of the metal tested was determined.
Sets of touch-needles were used in a somewhat similar way for silver,
but with less satisfactory results, and the use of the touchstone for silver
is seldom resorted to for several reasons, amongst others that acid used
in dissolving the alloy corrodes the silver ; moreover, as so much copper
could be added to silver without materially affecting its colour, but little
assistance was obtained from the appearance of the rubbings. Doubt
less, the expert assayer could tell, with some approximation to accuracy,
from the sensations of roughness or the reverse, or the greasiness or dry
ness imparted by the "touch," the quality of the metal "touched," but,
for the above reasons, this mode of assaying silver was discarded in
favour of the crucible at an early period As a rough-and-ready means of
approximately ascertaining the fineness of gold, however, the touchstone
has continued in use by goldsmiths down to the present day.
No record of the date when the assay by crucible was first intro
duced has been brought to light, but we find in the earliest statute on
the subject,* which became law in 1300, a provision that "no vessel of
silver should depart out of the hands of the worker until it be assayed by
the wardens of the craft," and this probably had reference to the assay
by crucible, which is performed in this manner : — For gold, a small
quantity of the metal is scraped from the article to be assayed (eight
grains for every pound Troy is allowed), which is carefully weighed,
three times its weight of silver is added, and the whole, wrapped in a
thin sheet of lead, is placed in a small shallow porous crucible made
of bone ashes, and called a "cupel." This is put into a furnace and
exposed to incandescent heat, whereby the base metals become oxydised
and are absorbed by the cupel while the gold and silver combine in a
globule or pellet at the bottom of the cupel. This pellet when
cool is rolled or hammered out into a thin strip and is coiled into
a spiral cone called a cornet, which is placed in a bath of hot diluted
nitric acid whereby the silver is dissolved. The cornet is then bathed
in stronger nitric acid, washed, and afterwards made red hot. Nothing
"-¦ 28 Edw. I. cap. 20.

The Assay. -i-i
IS then left but pure gold, the weight of which in proportion to the
original weight of the scrapings determines the fineness of the metal
assayed. The process for silver is somewhat similar : a scraping is taken
from each part of the article to be assayed, weighed, wrapped in lead of
proportionate weight, and the whole is heated in the cupel as for gold.
In the result, all the alloying metal is absorbed and a pellet of pure silver
remains, the weight of which in proportion to the original weight of the
scrapings determines the fineness of the silver assayed.
Another method of testing the quality of silver by the use of sulpho-
cyanide of ammonium has been described by Mr. Arthur Westwood,
the Birmingham Assay Master, in the following terms : —
"A sample of definite weight, obtained by cutting or scraping pieces The assay of
r 1- J • rr r 1 • silver by the
trom the different parts of the silver ware, is put into a glass flask and " wet - process,
dissolved with the aid of a gentle heat in nitric acid.
To the dissolved sample a measured volume of a dilute solution of a
salt of iron is added. This completes the preliminary operations.
A standard solution of sulphocyanide of ammonium, a measured
volume of which is capable of combining with and precipitating from
solution a known weight of silver, is then slowly run into the glass flask
containing the dissolved sample, which is shaken in order to thoroughly
mix the two liquids.
The silver precipitate sinks to the bottom of the clear liquid as a
white powder.
When the whole of the silver contained in the dissolved sample has
been precipitated, the addition of a single drop of sulphocyanide has the
visible effect of causing the clear liquid to become coloured a light brown
tint. At this point the volume of the sulphocyanide solution used is
ascertained, which gives directly the weight of silver in the sample and
its proportion to the other metals in the alloy.
The colour is due to the inter-action of the sulphocyanide with the
solution of iron introduced in the preliminary operations ; this inter
action cannot take place until the whole of the silver is precipitated."
The sulphocyanide method is not applicable to gold. Not applicable
to Gold,
The electrolytic methods of assay of gold and silver do not give such Electrolyticmethods
accurate results as the ordinary methods, and are practically never used, not^^ed.
Every duly appointed Assayer, whether engaged at Goldsmiths' to take an oath
Hall, London, or at any provincial assay office, is required to take an S^dlife^"'"""

34 The Assay.
oath that he will faithfully perform his duties, that he will make no
undue profit, that he will take no more than four grains from every
pound of wrought plate to be put into the diet-box, and four grains
allowed for waste in making the assays ; that he will " touch " no gold
or silver except such as shall have been ascertained by him to be equal
to standard, that he will keep an account of all gold and silver brought
to be assayed, and return all to the owner except the allowance of eight
grains to the pound; that he will not assay anything unless it be marked
with the mark of the maker or owner, and that he will put into the diet
box only such metal as he shall have taken from plate which he shall
have assayed and passed for standard.
The "diet" care- Thc dlct box Is kcpt wlth thc greatest possible care, secured with
fully guarded and several locks the keys of which are kept by different officers, so that it
may not be opened by one except in the presence of the others, and the
diet is tested in the same manner "as the pyx of the coin of this kingdom
is tried."* ¦••¦ " Pyx " (L. pyxis,) a box. " The trial of the pyx,'' so called because of the practice of taking
several coins from a certain quantity, called a " journee " (a day's work), and depositing
them in a safely-kept box until the purity of the metal of which they were made had been tested, is
a highly important proceeding, instituted and continued for the purpose of maintaining the purity of
the coinage. The trial formerly took place before the Privy Council at Westminster, the Lord
Chancellor presiding, but since the Coinage Act of 1870 the test, which now is made at Goldsmiths'
Hall, has been deprived of much of its pomp and ceremony. The practice now followed is to take a
sample from each melting of gold and silver at the Mint. The sample coins are placed in the " Pyx "
and kept until tested. For the trial a jury of the Goldsmiths' Company is summoned to appear
before the King's Remembrancer, who, after the jurors have been sworn, charges them with reference
to the performance of their duty. The coins found in the Pyx are then assayed and compared with
the standard trial plates kept by the Warden of the Standards. On the verdict ot the jury depends
the acquittal of the authorities of the Mint, who during the trial " stand upon their deliverance."

tested.

The London Goldsmiths. 35

CHAPTER V.
THE LONDON GOLDSMITHS.
We have seen (Chapter I.) that there was in London, as early
as 1 1 80, a guild or association of goldsmiths, although not legally
recognised as such. In the year 1327 "The Wardens and Commonalty
of the Mystery of Goldsmiths of the City of London," as they were then
designated, having presented a petition to the King and his Council in
Parliament, their first charter, bearing date 30 May, i Edward III.
(1327), was granted to them as follows : —
"That the goldsmiths of our City of London had by their petition, exhibited 30 May
to the King and Council in Parliament holden at Westminster, shown that i.ond'^n ^
theretofore no private merchants or strangers were wont to bring into this land rrnsT c'h/rtee,
any money coined but plate of silver to exchange for our coin ; that it had been
ordained that all of the trade of goldsmiths were to sit in their shops in the
High Street Cheap and that no silver or gold plate ought to be sold in the city
of London except in the King's Exchange or in Cheap, among the goldsmiths,
and that publicly, to the end that persons in the trade might inform themselves
whether the seller came lawfully by it : but that of late both private merchants
and strangers bring from foreign lands counterfeit sterling whereof the pound is
not worth sixteen sols of the right sterling, and of this money none can know the
right value but by melting it down ; and that many of the trade of goldsmiths
do keep shops in obscure streets, and do buy vessels of gold and silver secretly
without enquiring whether such vessels were stolen or come lawfully by, and The making of
immediately melting it down, make it into plate, and sell it to merchants trading jXeisand
beyond sea, and so make false work of gold, silver, and jewels, in which they set ^ ''"' ''"'" "^'''
glass of divers colours, counterfeiting right stones, and put more alloy in their
silver than they ought which they sell to such as have no skill in such things;
and that the cutlers cover tin with silver so subtiley and with such sleight, that
the same cannot be discovered nor separated, and so sell the tin for fine silver, to
the great damage and deceipt of us and our people : We, with the assent of our
lords spiritual and temporal and the commons of our realme will and grant for us
and our heirs, that henceforth no one shall bring into this land any sort of No goldsmith
money, but only plate of fine silver, and that no plate of gold or silver be sold to shop^Sceptin
sell again, or be carried out of the Kingdom, but shall be sold openly for private ^^'
use ; that none of the trade shall keep any shop except in Cheap, that it may be
seen that their work be good ; that those of the trade may by virtue of these
presents, elect honest and sufficient men, best skilled in the trade, to inquire of
the matters aforesaid, and that they who are so chosen reform what defects they
shall find, and inflict punishment on the offenders, and that by the help of the
Mayor and Sheriffs, if need be ; that in all trading cities in England where

36

The London Goldsmiths.

Mark of
Leopard's
head again
mentioned.

i6 Ric, II,
London Gold
smiths' second
Charter (1392-3),

Petition of the
LondonGoldsmithslo Henry IV,
(1404,)

goldsmiths reside, the same ordinance be observed as in London, and that one or
two of every such city or town for the rest of the trade shall come to London to
be ascertained of their touch of gold, and there to have a stamp of a punchion of a
leopard's head marked upon their work as it was anciently ordained."'-'
In 1392-3 the London goldsmiths obtained a second charter, dated
6th February, i6 Richard II., whereby they were re-incorporated, all
the powers and privileges conferred on them by their original charter
were confirmed, and they were given additional powers enabling them
to choose four wardens from amongst themselves to govern the com
monalty and administer its business.
It is interesting to note some of the modes of procedure of this
great company in the management of its affairs, and in particular with
reference to the acquisition of the powers with which they have from
time to time been entrusted by the legislature.
In the year 1404 (5 Hen. IV.), by reason of a dispute with the
cutlers, the goldsmiths presented to Parfiament a petition in the fol
lowing terms : —
" To our very redoubtable and very sovereign Lord the King, and to the
very wise Lords of the present Parliament : Pray your humble lieges, William
Grantham, Salamon Oxeneye, Thomas Senycle, and Robert Hall, citizens and
goldsmiths of your city of London, and Wardens of the Mystery of Goldsmiths
of your said city, and all the Commonalty of the same Mystery. Whereas the
said wardens and all others who have been wardens of the said Mystery in the
said city, from time whereof memory runneth not, have had and used to have
the search, survey, assay, and government of all manner of gold and of silver
works, as well in the city as elsewhere in your Kingdom of England. And
whereas the very noble King Edward, your ancestor, whom God assoil, upon
certain defaults shewn to him and to his Council in his parliament held at
Westminster in the first year of his reign, touching works of silver by the cutlers
done in the said city upon cutlery, granted to the goldsmiths of the same city,
that they might choose good people, and sufficient, of their Mystery of Goldsmiths,
to inquire and search into the said defaults, and to amend and redress the faults
found in the said Mystery, and due punishment to give to the wrong-doers, by
aid of The Mayor and Sheriffs of the said city, and now the said cutlers are wont
to work in gold and in silver in a different manner to what they did in the times
aforesaid, through which, by the defaults and subtilties in the work of the said
cutlers, great scandal and drawbacks will come to the said Mystery of Goldsmiths
if remedy be not applied. May it please your Royal Majesty to grant to the said
suppliants, that neither the said cutlers nor any other artificers whatsoever, may
execute in any other manner workmanship of gold or of silver than they were
wont at the time of the grant by your very noble ancestor aforesaid, and, besides
that, of your more abundant grace, to grant to the said Wardens that they and
their successors. Wardens of the said Mystery of Goldsmith-work may always
See Herberts' "History of the London Livery Companies" where the Charter is set forth in
I'rench (as in the ongmal) and m English.

take evidence
as to usagi^s.

The London Goldsmiths. 37
have the search, survey, assay, and governance of all kinds of work done, and to
be done, of gold and silver, by any person, of any mystery, as well in the said city
as elsewhere in your said kingdom, and by them to put due punishment and
redress for works defective and deceptive as well by aid of the Mayor and Sheriffs
of the said city, as and shall be, as by aid of the Mayors, Sheriffs, Bailiffs, or
any other officers elsewhere through the kingdom for the time being, as need may
be, in the same way the goldsmiths have used always before now ; reserving to
the lords of Franchises the profits which to them may belong on account of such
false works as shall be found and proven in the Franchises by the Wardens of
the aforesaid Mystery : for Love of God and of Charity."
Which petition, having been read before the King and the Lords in
Parliament and by them fully considered, was answered in the following
manner : —
" Let a Writ containing the purport of this Petition, as well as that of the writ to the
Cutlers now before Parliament, be sent to the Mayor of the City of London : London to
and let the Mayor be empowered, by the authority of Parliament, to cause to
come before him both the men of the Mystery of the Goldsmiths in London and
the men of the Cutlers Mystery, and let them show before the said Mayor the
evidences and usages past and present, as well on the one side as the other, in
the said city, from old times past : and let inquisition be made, if need be : and
let the said Mayor certify to the King and his Council in this present Parlia
ment without delay, what shall be found concerning this matter : to the end
that the King, having had the counsel and advice of Parliament, may be able
to do that which shall seem best in the matter."
The Cutlers of London also on their side presented a petition to Petition of ti,e
cutlers to King
Parliament in the following terms : — iienryiv, {^04),
" To the very honourable and very wise lords of the present Parliament. —
The citizens of London of the Craft of Cutlers humbly supplicate your aid that,
as they and their predecessors from all times have worked gold and silver upon
cutlery, &c., in their said craft, and have had four Wardens of their own elected
before the Mayor of the said city, and sworn before him to amend all defaults
in the same craft ; and now lately the goldsmiths of the said city have made a
suggestion to you, not at all true as they are informed, saying that the said cutlers
have worked in gold and silver not according to agreement, to the intent that
the said goldsmiths should have the government of the said cutlers, which would
be the destruction and ruin of your petitioners. May it please your very gracious
Lords to aid your said petitioners, that their rights and franchises may be saved,
that they may have and enjoy their franchises in the same manner that they and
their predecessors have had them before now : and that no charter be granted to
the contrary : for the love of God and of charity."
The answer to this petition was similar to that given to the gold- writs,
'¦ accompanied by
smiths. Writs were addressed to the Lord Mayor of London, iddressi'tuo''
,..- .. 'IT / -IN 1 ,the Lord Mayor
accompanied by both petitions with the answers (as above) endorsed of London and
^ '' returned by him
thereon, desiring him to take such steps in the matter as seemed to him 'o !'=>'"»"«¦"«•
best and to make return thereto forthwith to Parliament : which writs

38

The London Goldsmiths.

The Lord Mayor's
answer to the
Writs,

The King
(Henry l\',)
confirms
the Charter of
Edw, III,

Further Charter
to the London
Goldsmiths
by Edw, IV,
(.462),

were returned to the same Parliament and were answered by the Lord
Mayor in the following manner : —
" By virtue of two writs of our Lord the King to me, William Askham,
Mayor of London, directed and hereunto attached, the tenour of two petitions to
our Lord the King, in the present Parliament, presented by the Cutlers and
Goldsmiths of the said City, together with the endorsements thereupon, having
been inspected, I caused to come before me, the aforesaid Mayor, at the Guildhall
of the said City, as well good men of the said mysteries as many other good and
sufficient ancient men from all the Wards of the said City : and the Charters, rolls,
and evidences, as well written as not written, being there shown before me, by the
said mysteries, touching and concerning the rule, custom, assay, and government
of the said mysteries, it was determined before me* the said Mayor, that the
cutlers, citizens of the said City, have been accustomed from ancient times to
work gold and silver within the liberty of the said City, as fashion and their
skill dictated, and still the same cutlers work gold and silver in the said
city, as fashion and their skill, according to the change of times, dictate
and require ; and that the Wardens of the Mystery of the Art of the said
Goldsmiths for the time being, subject to the Mayor and Aldermen of the
said City for the time being, have been accustomed from ancient times to
have the assay of the gold and silver wrought by the said cutlers within the
liberty of the said City."
Whereupon the King, having advised with the Lords in the same
Parliament, granted to the Goldsmiths a confirmation of the Charter
granted to them by Edward III. in the first year of his reign.
It is recorded that in 1442 the Wardens went to a Prior of
St. Bartholomew to complain of "some untrue workers" in the precincts
of the priory; that the Prior accompanied the Wardens to the shop of
one Tomkins, and that having obtained admission they found there "a
pan which was copper and silver above, the which was Hkely for to
have be sold for good silver," and that whilst the search was being
effected the delinquent stole away, "or else he had be set in the stokkis."
In 1444 a member of the craft was fined 6s. 8d. for "withstanding the
Wardens in making the assay," and in 1452 one German Lyas was
fined "for selling a tablet of gold dishonestly wrought, being two parts
silver." The fine was a gilt cup of 24 oz. to the fraternity.
In 1462 the London Goldsmiths were granted a further charter,
dated 30 May, 2 Edward IV., whereby they were not only con
firmed in the enjoyment of the powers and privileges granted by their
former charter, but were constituted a body corporate and politic, with

" Coram^' not per.

The London Goldsmiths. 39
perpetual succession and larger and more extensive powers and privi
leges, including the right to use a common seal wherewith their elected
wardens might execute formal documents in the name of the commonalty,
and the power to search, inspect, assay and regulate the working of all
gold and silver wares in the City of London, and in all fairs, markets, and
exchanges, and in all cities, towns and boroughs, and all other places
whatsoever throughout this realm, and to punish offenders for making
wares of gold and silver worse than standard.
That the powers conferred by these charters were constantly exer- Goldsmiths'exercise
cised, and that progresses were made through the kingdom and searches °'r°""=-
effected in various parts in the exercise of such powers, the old accounts
of the Company, from which the above instances have been taken, furnish
abundant evidence. The following extracts are given as additional
examples : —
46 Edward IIL, (1372). Thomas Lauleye, for having sold and exposed for
sale divers cups (mazers) bound with circlets of " latone " [latten, a base metal
like brass), as well in the city as without, pretending that they were of silver gilt,
was put in the pillory with the cups hung round his neck.
50 Edward IIL, (1376). Peter Randolfe was proceeded against for having
wrought cuppebondes (circlets for mazers) of silver worse than standard.
2 Henry V., (1414). "John, of Rochester," for having made cupbands of base
metal, silver and gilt, in the City of Rochester, was taken by the master of the
trade of that city to London to answer for the offence.
38 Henry VL, (1460). Expensis don vpon John Brooking, of
Bridgwater, for disobeying and rebukying
of the Wardeyns in time of serche ... iiij''- xij'- i''-
8 Edward IV., (1469). For boat hire to Westminster and home
again, for the suit in Chancery begun in
Ye Olde Wardeyns time, for the recovery
of a counterfeit dyamond set in a ring of
gold 
For a breakfast at Westminster spent on
our counsel ...
To W. Catesby, Sergeant-at-law, to plead
for the same
1470. The following items occur in the " expenses necessarie " :
For engraving the punches
For costs done in taking of assays
In pursuance of their charters the London Goldsmiths' Company
issued as occasion arose ordinances or bye-laws for the government of
the craft, and these run from 1478 downwards. Amongst the earliest
are the following : —

vi<i-

i^-

vi''-

iii"-

iiij''-

ij^-

0

vj=

viij''-

Goldsmiths'
Ordinances.

sale,

First mention of
the " Assayer's
mark" in addi
tion to the

40 The London Goldsmiths.
" That no goldsmiths of England nor nowhere else within the realme, work
no manner of vessel nor any other thing of gold nor silver, but if it be of the
very alloy according to the Standard of England, called sterling money, or
better."
Plate to be " That HO manner of vessel or any other thing .... be sold till it be
Sedbetre assayed by the Wardens of the Craft or their Deputy, the Assayer ordained
therefor, and that it he marked ivith the lyperde's head crowned, according to the
Acts of divers Parliaments, and the mark of the maker thereof."
An ordinance of the Company dated 5 Henry VIII. (15 13) provides
that " before any work of gold or silver is put to sale the maker shall set on it his
ieopar°d-s head Qwn mark, that it shall (then) be assayed by the assayer, ivho (if it be found of the
true alloy) shall set on it his mark, and that the Wardens shall mark it with the
leopard's head crowned."
Notwithstanding these ordinances it seems that plate was occasion
ally sold without being assayed and marked, as shewn by the following
entries in the Company's books : —
Wm, Cater before " Friday, 12 February, 1562. At this court William Cater promised to bring
for selling"' cup IU wlthiu thls mouth a Communion cup which he made and sold into the country
"untouched," . i j d
,562, untoucned. " Friday, 26 February, 1562. At this court William Cater brought in a
Communion cup according to his promise here made the 12th day of this month,
which cup he sold into Kent untouched, and the same at the assay was found
good and so delivered to the said Cater again. ""•'•¦
In this case, at any rate, the reason for the cup not having been taken
to the assayer to be touched was not that it was below standard.
Possibly the reason might have been found in the prejudice or venality of
Complaints thc Assay Master, for we find that in 1583 a complaint was carried to the
respecting the
inTss" '"¦"''"" Master of the Mint by Richard Mathews and Henry Colley concerning
"the grefes of us poor goldsmiths" by reason of the unfair treatment
accorded to them by Thomas Kelynge, then the Assay Master at
Goldsmiths' Hall. They alleged that he had broken their plate unjustly.
and that when they had refashioned part of the broken plate and sent
it in again bearing another maker's mark it had passed, and that part of a
condemned platter had been converted into a taster and had passed.
They also complained that from a nest of bowls or a tankard weighing
not more than thirty ounces he had taken as much as a quarter of
an ounce for himself. -j-
These complaints against their assay master, although apparently
borne out by evidence, do not seem to have deterred the Goldsmiths'
Company from prosecuting offenders, for they appear to have invoked
-* Communicated by Mr. H. D. Ellis.
t Mint Miscellanies— Exchequer, Q.R. Temp, Eliz, Public Record Office.

The London Goldsmiths. 41
the aid of the Treasury not many years afterwards in bringing to justice
two goldsmiths accused of gross fraud, as testified by the following
entry : —
"4th May, 1597. Edward Cole, .Attorney General, filed an information 4 May, 1597,
against John Moore and Robert Thomas, that whereas it had been heretofore of uobt, Thomas
long time provided by divers laws and statutes for the avoiding of deceit and working and
fraud in the making of plate, that every goldsmith should before the sale of any plateind c'^'^^'

1 coun-

plate by him made, bring the same first to the Goldsmiths' Hall for trial by assay, r^L^s'oi^ hm
to be touched or marked and allowed by the wardens of the said company of th?feopard'°"'
Goldsmiths, the which wardens did by their indenture in their search, find out the a[pi';'ibe"tfc'a'i°
aforesaid deceitful workmanship and counterfeit also of plate and puncheons ; "'¦-'As thereon,
yet the said John Moore and R. Thomas being lately made free of the Goldsmiths'
Company, did about three months past make divers parcels of counterfeit plate
debased and worse than her Majesty's standard i2d. and more in the oz. ; and to
give appearance to the said counterfeit plate being good and lawful, did thereto
counterfeit and put the marks of her Majesty's Lion, the leopard's head, limited First mention ot
by statute, and the alphabetical ma We approved by ordinance amongst themselves second mention
which are the private marks of the Goldsmiths' Hall, and be and remain in the alphabetical
custody of the said wardens and puncheons to be worked and imprinted thereon,
and the said John Moore did afterwards sell the same for good and sufficient
plate to the defrauding of her Majesty's subject, &c."
Moore and Thomas were convicted of the offences charged conviction of
Moore and
against them and were sentenced to be put in the pillory with their Thomas,
ears nailed to it, with papers affixed above their heads stating their
offence to have been " for making false plate and counterfeiting her
Majesty's touch." It is recorded that the sentence was carried out,
that each of the offenders had an ear cut off, that they were taken
through Foster Lane to Fleet Prison, and that they were each fined
ten marks in addition to the exemplary punishment which they suffered.
From 1597 until 1675 there appears very little of interest to relate ^=^";^g'=" '597
concerning the London Goldsmiths' Company. There is not much PfatewrougM'
. and sold
evidence of anv efforts having been made to enforce the old-time laws untouched by the
-^ *-* assayer and
and ordinances with reference to the obligation to submit all gold and 'wu^n^ws
1111 mark.
silver wares to their assayer's " touch, and it seems probable that a
large number of goldsmiths in London and the provinces followed the
example set by William Cater in 1562 and sold wrought plate without
being either assayed or marked other than with their own stamp.
Indeed, the notice which was issued by the London Goldsmiths' Com
pany on February 23rd 1675 can have no other reference, and points
quite obviously to that conclusion. The order in question is thus set
forth in the " Touchstone " : —

42

The London Goldsmiths,

23 Feb., 1675.
Goldsmiths'Order requiring
workers to bring
in their marks,
and to sell no
wares worse than
standard, nor
before being
assayed at
Goldsmiths' Hall.

THE GOLDSMITHS' ORDER,
Lately made and set forth for Prevention and Redress of the Great Abuses
committed in the several Wares aforementioned.
GOLDSMITHS' HALL,
The 23RD Day of February, 1675.
Whereas complaint hath been made to the Wardens of the Company of
Goldsmiths, London, that divers small works, as buckles for belts, silver hilts, and
the pieces thereto belonging, with divers other small wares, both of gold and silver,
are frequently wrought and put to sale by divers goldsmiths and others, worse
than standard, to the abuse of his Majesty's good subjects, and great discredit of
that manufacture ; and that there are also divers pieces of silver plate sold, not
being assayed at Goldsmiths' Hall, and so not marked with the Leopard's Head
crowned, as by law the same ought to be : And whereas the Wardens of the said
Company, to prevent the said frauds, have formally required all persons to forbear
putting to sale any adulterate wares either of gold or silver, but that they cause
the same forthwith to be defaced ; and that as well plate-workers as small-
workers should cause their respective marks to be brought to Goldsmiths' Hall,
and there strike the same in a table kept in the Assay Office, and likewise enter
their names and places of habitation in a book there kept for that purpose,
whereby the persons and their marks might be known unto the Wardens of the
said Company, which having not hitherto been duly observed, these are therefore
to give notice to, and to require again all those who exercise the said art or
mystery of goldsmiths in or about the Cities of London and Westminster, and the
suburbs of the same ; that they forthwith repair to Goldsmiths' Hall and there
strike their marks in a table appointed for that purpose, and likewise enter their
names with the places of their respective dwellings, in a book remaining in the
Assay Office there. And that as well the worker as shop-keeper, and all others
working and trading in gold or silver wares of what kind or quality soever they
be, forbear putting to sale any of the said works, not being agreeable to standard,
that is to say, gold not less in fineness than two and twenty carats, and silver
not less in fineness than eleven ounces two pennyweights : and that no person or
persons do from henceforth put to sale any of the said wares either small or great,
before the workman's mark be struck thereon, and the same assayed at Gold
smiths' Hall, and there approved for standard, by striking thereon the Lyon and
Leopard's Head crowned, or one of them, if the said works will conveniently bear
the same : and hereof all persons concerned are desired to take notice, and
demean themselves accordingly : otherwise the Wardens will make it their care to
procure them to be proceeded against according to law.
This order seems to have had the desired effect ; the result being
that after its issue the table referred to in the order soon became
impressed with the marks of some hundreds of makers "of which not any
other entry is to be found." It is, therefore, not surprising that very
much more London Hall-marked plate is to be found with the marks of
1675 and the following nine years than in the period reckoned backwards
from 1675 to the time of the Great Fire, and this is probably attributable

The London Goldsmiths. 43
to the fact recited in the Goldsmiths' Order that "divers pieces of silver
plate were sold" prior to 1675 which had not been assayed at Gold
smiths' HaU. The "table" referred to in the "order" is a copper plate,
which is preserved by the Goldsmiths' Company as one of its valued
possessions. In 1667, when "The Touchstone" was published, a record of the
names of makers written on vellum was preserved, but this record has long
since disappeared, so that makers' marks struck before 1697 can now only
in rare instances be with absolute certainty identified with the names.
From April, 1697, however, by means of the entries in the Company's Makers' marks
and names pre-
books (except in a few cases where a leaf is missing) identification is gousijfjths' Haii
• , • 1 from 1607.
IS quite simple.
The ordinances of the London Goldsmiths' Company, other than
those which have already been referred to, concern mainly — after the
ascertaining of the quality of gold and silver wares and the prevention
of fraud — the subject of marking those wares with the proper marks, and
these will be found dealt with in the following Chapter. A few observa
tions, however, remain to be made concerning the personality of the
London Goldsmiths before concluding this.
Reference has been made to disreputable goldsmiths who had been
found guilty of fraudulent practices. These, happily, have been but the
dregs of that fraternity which has for centuries maintained an exalted
character for honour and integrity, and their history shows that from
their trade as much as, if not more than, from any other have members
been raised to noble rank. It is needless here to dwell on the well-worn
theme that " goldsmith " and " banker " were in former times synony
mous terms, and that as late as the i8th century well-known banking
firms were styled "Goldsmiths of London," but it may not be out of
place to mention a few London goldsmiths of the past who figured as men
of eminence amongst their contemporaries.
Ralph Flael, a goldsmith and alderman of the city of London, is Renowned
r- 1 r ^ • London
mentioned in 1180 as one of the members of the guild fined for having gousmiths.
been established without the King's licence.
Henry FitzAlwyn was chosen as the first Mayor of London in
1 189, and continued in office till 12 13.
William Fitzwilliam (son of WiUiam the Goldsmith) from whom Earl
Fitzwilliam is said to be descended, was an eminent London goldsmith
in 121 2.

44 The London Goldsmiths.
Ralph Essory was one of the sheriffs of London in 1242 and Mayor
in 1243. Gregory de Rokesley, goldsmith, was keeper of the King's Exchange
and Chief Assay Master of aU the King's mints in England, and he was
eight times Mayor. In 1285, in maintaining -the dignity of his office, as
he appeared to think, he refused to appear before the King's justices as
Mayor, but disrobed and attended as a private person, for which contempt
of court the office of Mayor was suspended but it was afterwards restored.
Sir John de Chichester, goldsmith, whose shop was at the corner
of Friday Street in the Chepe, was Sheriff in 1359, Master of the King's
Mint in 1365, and Lord Mayor 1369-70.*
Sir Nicholas Twyford was goldsmith to Edward III., and was
knighted in 1388, during his mayoralty ofthe city.
Adam Browne, a goldsmith, was Lord Mayor in 1397.
Solomon Oxeneye, one ofthe wardens of the Goldsmiths' Company
in 1403, was a member of Parliament for the city in 14 19.
Sir John Pattesley was a celebrated goldsmith in the time of
Henry VI. He was Sheriff in 1432, and Lord Mayor 1440-1.
Sir Mathew Philip, goldsmith (Lord Mayor 1463-4), was made a
Knight of the Bath by Edward IV. for bravery in battle, having taken a
prominent part in the rout of Falconbridge and his rebel army in their
attempt to take the city.
Sir Edmund Shaw was goldsmith to the King ; engraver to the mint
in 1462 ; warden of the Company and Sheriff of the city, 1474; Lord
Mayor, 1482-3. During his year of office his claim to be Cup-bearer
to the King was allowed, and he attended the coronation of Richard III.
in that capacity.
Sir John Shaw, goldsmith, engraver to the mint in 1483, was
knighted on the field of Bosworth 1485, and was Lord Mayor in 1 501-2.
Sir Martin Bowes, goldsmith and banker, was sheriff 1 540 ; Lord
Mayor 1545-6 ; Master of the Mint 1546, and member of Parliament for
London, 1546 to 1555. He was butler at Queen Elizabeth's coronation.
To these goldsmith-bankers might be added the names of Viner,
Child, Coutts, Drummond, Fowler, Hankey, and others, but they
were for the most part dealers in money rather than makers of plate.
It is the purpose of this book rather to direct attention to those
names which represent the actual workers in the precious metals —
¦¦¦¦ The first Lovd Mayor was Sir Thomas Legge in 1354.

The London Goldsmiths. 45
goldsmiths who wrought plate which has endured long after their
lives have ceased, and who have left behind them something more
than a mere record — objects of art in silver and gold, whereby
they have earned a lasting fame. Of these, the names beyond those
already mentioned which appear the most prominent in the time of
Charles II. are Ralph Leake, Pierre Harache, William Gamble, Anthony
Pickets, George Garthorne, William Gamble, Anthony Nelme, and
Lawrence Coles, the majority of whom continued working until the end
of the century and registered their marks at Goldsmiths' Hall in 1697.
Of the goldsmiths of Queen Anne's time we have Pierre Platel, David
Willaume, Daniel Garnier, Mark Paillet, Lewis Mettayer, Augustin
Courtauld, Humphrey Payne, John Bodington, Simon Pantin, Louys
Cuny, Jean Petrij, Pierre Le Chaube, Philip Rainaud, and — about the
end of that reign — Paul de Lamerie looming large as actual plate-workers.
It will be observed that a large proportion of these names are immigration of
French refugee
those of French Protestants who, for the most part, quitted France fjsf^oir'ii.
to escape the persecution consequent upon the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes in 1685, and to- the immigration of these excellent
workmen may be attributed the introduction of French "feeling" into
the art of the English goldsmith of this period.
It is unnecessary here to extend these references to individuals,
there being a list of the London goldsmiths from 1090 to 1850
in Chapter VIII.
Down to the eighteenth century it was the practice for goldsmiths
to carry on their business under a sign such as the lion, the bear, the
spreadeagle, the swan, the fox, the squirrel, the griffon, the falcon, the
unicorn, the sun, the half-moon, the harp, an angel, a saint's head, a
sprig, a flower, or other symbol, whereby the unlettered public might
distinguish their shops. Signs or symbols such as these on a small
scale were used also as makers' marks from 1363, the date when gold
smiths were first required to use a mark, until initial letters were by
degrees adopted in place of symbols in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries. In some cases the names of the makers may be identified by
reason of these marks being miniature reproductions of their signs.*
'¦•¦For further particulars concerning the lives of Early English Goldsmiths and Bankers the reader
is referred to the interesting paper of Mr. F. G, Hilton Price, F,S,A,, Proc, Lond, and .Mid, Archi,
Socy,, and to the following works: — Herbert's "History of the London Livery Companies," Riley's
" Memorials of London and London Life in the XIIL, XIV,, and X^^ Centuries " ; " Chronicles of
the Mayors and Sheriffs of London," by the same author ; and to the Mint Miscellanies at the
Public Record Office.

46 The Marks on London Plate.

CHAPTER VI.
THE MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
The marks on Ou cvcry artlclc of gold or silver of English make subsequent to
plate, devised to
fndkatVTal'irv'' ^300 — cxccpt somc very small objects enumerated in the list of excep
tions — there is, or ought to be, a mark, or group of marks, generally
indicative of the quahty of the metal of which it is made. These marks
vary in character according to the rule of the office where the article has
been assayed. The distinguishing marks of each provincial assay office
will be found dealt with in later chapters.
Many early Although thc law rcquircd that from the year 1300 a certain mark
examples of plate
unmarked or bear- Qr marks should bc impressed on all English-wrought silver, vet, for a
ing maker s mark ^ «-* ^ J J i
""'^' long period in our history, this law was much "honoured in the breach,"
and much plate was disposed of either unmarked or marked with the
maker's mark only. For that reason, it should be borne in mind that a
piece of English plate purporting to have been made at a particular
period may possibly be a perfectly genuine example of that period
although devoid of the Hah marks establishing its authenticity.
Marks devised for Wchavc sccu iu a prcvlous chapter that the marks now being
prevention of ^
Smi^kig°datr considered were not devised for the purpose of enabling the modern
LidentTiiTs'er^e plate-coUcctor to ascertain the year when such marks were impressed,
the latter purpose. ^ '
but solely with the object of preventing fraud, and detecting the offenders
in case of fraud being practised ; but by reason of the changes which
were annually made in one of these marks, we are in fact enabled to
determine the exact year when a fully-marked example of London
plate was assayed.
The marks which are, or ought to be, found on plate assayed in
London are in their chronological order as foUows : —
Marks found on I. Thc Lcopard's head.
London Plate. ^
2. The Worker's or Maker's mark.
3. The annual letter.
4. The lion passant.
j The lion's head erased, and
[ The figure of Britannia.
6. The Sovereign's head.

The Marks on London Plate. 47
The late Mr. Octavius Morgan, F.S.A., devoted a considerable Mr.octavius
° Morgan, F,S,.'V,
amount of time and care to the evolution of a system whereby the marks compile tables
on old London plate might be identified and their meaning made clear, Date°-ietters,
and at a meeting of the Archaeological Institute held at Bristol on ist
August 1 85 1 he offered some interesting remarks upon the assay and
year marks used by goldsmiths in England, and stated that he had been
able to carry back the latter to a much more distant period than was
comprised in the lists of the Goldsmiths' Company, thus affording the
means of precisely ascertaining the date of fabrication of ancient English
plate.* Up to that time all that had been published concerning this subject
was what was contained in "The Touchstone" (printed in 1677), which,
amongst other interesting matter, gave the date-letter in use for 1676-7,
foUowed by the publication of the various alphabets used at Goldsmiths'
Hall from 1696 downwards. With the exception of these and the
entries in the minutes of the Goldsmiths' Company, where many of the
date-letters used between 1618 and 1696 are sketched with more or less
resemblance to the actual stamps, the marks used prior to 1696 and their
exact meaning were unknown. This was the state of the matter when
Mr. Morgan set about his task of finding a way back to the medieval
starting point, and clearing away from the landmarks the entanglements
which in the course of centuries had grown around them.
In 1852 Mr. Morgan published the results of his labours, j* which
gave to his fellow-antiquaries and all others whom it might concern the
means of ascertaining the exact year (from 1478 J downwards) when any
fully marked piece of London plate was made, and as the work of that
learned antiquary has been the basis upon which every series of tables
of London HaU Marks has been constructed by every writer who has
subsequently pursued the subject (in many cases with but slight, if any,
acknowledgment,) it is due to his memory that the services which he so
generously rendered to every one interested in Old English Plate should
be fully and freely recognised.
The earliest known record of any authorised mark on plate is that
referring to the fact that in 1275 Philip le Hardi, King of France,
¦¦ " Archajological Journal," Vol. viii. 330 (1851).
I ".Archaeological Journal," Vol. IX. 126, 231, 313 (1S52). Vol. X. 33 (1853).
\ Misled by a tradition in connection with the Pudsey spoon, Mr. Morgan ascribed the
Lombardic H stamped on its stem to 1445 instead of to 1525, the year to which it rightly belongs.
With that single exception the arrangement of Mr, Morgan's tables of London date-letters (framed
amidst difficulties such as always beset a pioneer) is absolutely correct.

48

The Marks on London Plate.

Earliest English
plate mark : tbe
Leopard's head
(1300).

" Leopard's
head " really
a lion's face.

Leopard's head
without a crown
before 1478.

ordained that each city should have a particular mark of its own for
wrought silver. The next in order is our own statute of the year 1300
previously referred to, with which our own marks begin, the first in
order being THE LEOPARD'S HEAD.
This mark, as we have seen, was first established by Statute in
1300, and in the Statute of 1363 it is called the King's Mark. In the
translation of the orginal Norman French given in the Statutes at Large,
the words used are "the Leopard's head," as if it had been some long
known and recognised symbol ; but in the original, the words are " une
Teste de Leopart," and from the use of the article "une," and from the
fact that plate of earlier date has not been so marked it was probably a
new mark then devised and established for the express purpose of marking
plate. Some confusion and error appear to have existed with regard to
the term "Leopards head," it being, in fact, a lion's head. The error,
said Mr. Morgan, "has arisen from the fact not being known or under
stood, that in the Old French language (the language of our early
statutes), the heraldic term " Leopart " means a lion passant guardant.
The arms of England from the time of Henry III. have been three lions
passant guardant, and in the Old French heraldic words are described as
"three Leoparts," or Lions Leopardes. The leopard's head, therefore, is
properly the head of a lion passant guardant, which, in fact, is a lion's
front face, as is this mark, and it was most probably taken from the arms
of the sovereign."
AU the early examples of this mark show a fine bold Uon's face,
having on the head a ducal crown or coronet. In the reign of
George IL, however, the size of the head was diminished ; and in 1 82 1 from
the fact, as Mr. Morgan was informed, that in some document the simple
" Leopard's head " w^as found mentioned without being foUowed by the
word "crown," and the parties employed probably not being aware of
the circumstances above related, the form of the stamp was altogether
changed when the new punches were engraved ; the lion's head was
deprived of his crown, and shorn of his mane and beard; and it has ever
since then presented an object far more resembling the head of a cat
than the fine bold lion's head of former days.
It must be here observed that all the examples of the mark of the
leopard's head stamped on plate of a date anterior to the introduction of
the date-letter which have been as yet discovered are without the crown

The Marks on London Plate. 49
which, while being perfectly consistent with the Act of 1300,
ordaining that all articles of gold and sUver should be marked with
a " leopard's head " (no mention being made of a crown), is con
sistent also with the suggestion now made, that the crown was first
put on the leopard's head at or about the time (1478) when the date-
letter was first adopted.* It remains also to be observed that the form Leopards head
differed in design
of the leopard's head crowned differed very appreciably at different times {[°"e"''"°'°
between 1478 and 1821. Prior to 1478 the uncrowned leopard's head
is also found to vary somewhat in appearance, sometimes presenting a
broad, chubby-looking face, at others more elongated and with the
tongue extended, but generally without mane and beard, and mostly
within a ring of pellets in a circular stamp. From 1478, or rather 1479
— the earliest noted example with a date-letter being the Nettlecombe
chalice with the Lombardic B of 1479-80 — until 1482, the leopard's head
ducally crowned, but without mane and beard, is within a depression or
field, the outline of which foUows the outline of the head and crown ; in various forms
of the
other words, the marks have been struck by a stamp of irregular shape. J.3"ej^ '^^^^
From 1488 to 1497 the crowned head is still not bearded, but is within
a circular field. In 1498 the mane and beard appear on the face for the
first time — still in a circular field — and the mark presents unmistakably
the appearance of a lion's face, which appearance is subsequently pre
served in this mark for more than two centuries. In 15 15 a change was
made in the shape of the crown, which, instead of being a fine, bold,
ducal crown, as it is seen to have been from 1479, is diminished in size
to little more than an invected band, or fillet, with four small arches and
three spikes, an unimposing and somewhat mean-looking substitute for
the bold ducal crown which it superseded. This change in the form of
the crown over the leopard's head was first noticed by Mr. W. H. St.
John Hope, M.A. (Sec. Soc. Antiq.) in the year 1887 f, and is of the
greatest importance in distinguishing the date letters of 15 18 to 1543
from those of the first alphabet 1478-97, as some of the later letters
bear a very close resemblance to some of the earlier and are scarcely
distinguishable without the aid of the leopard's head.
This change in the form of the crown of the leopard's head was
pointed out to the late Mr. Wilfred Cripps, C.B., and it is referred to in
It had been stated in several successive editions of "Old English Plate" that "the leopard's
head was crowned from the first." The author directed attention to this error in 1889 when writing
a monograph on " The Spoon and its History," printed in " The Archseologia," Vol. LIII.
t " Soc. Antiq. Proc." 2nd Series, XL, 426.

50 Thc Marks on London Plate.
" Old English Plate " at the foot of the table of London date-letters
1478-1557 "as occasionally found, e.g., 1515 and 1521, etc.," but its value
appears not to have been fully appreciated, inasmuch as the changed
form is regularly found from 15 15 to 1543. As a result Mr. Stanyforth's
spoon with "writhen" or "spirally fluted " knob is assigned in "Old
English Plate" to the year 1528 instead of to 1488-9, which is its true date.
In 1 53 1 -2 the outline of the punch with which the leopard's head
mark was struck was no longer quite circular, but was contracted in
width towards the chin. In 1539-40 the outline, instead of being
smooth and regular, foUows the indentations of the head and crown, and
the face presents a more archaic appearance than in the few preceding
Archaic form of ycars, aud in 1544-5 it appears stUl more archaic, and the old form of
leopard's head
to7™M4'J."""^ ducal coronet is resumed.* In 1545-6 an almost regular outline
somewhat similar to that of 153 1-8 but slightly more eUiptical, was
resorted to. A punch with this kind of outline was used until 1551,
when the face, crown, and outline of punch are all changed ; the face is
bolder, the mane more noticeable, and the crown, completely trans
formed, is now composed of the cross patee and fleur-de-lys, while the
outline of the field is in form almost hexagonal. In the three following
Various forms of ycars (i552-5) thc facc and crown are unaltered, but the outUne ofthe
the leopard's head
toTe'?'"'"'^'^^ field is invected, foUowing the lines of the head and crown. In 1555-6
the crowned leopard's head (stUl resembling that of the four preceding
years) is, for the first time, set in an angular heraldic shield of penta
gonal form, but in the following year (1556-7) the invected or wavy
outline is again reverted to, and thence continued for more than a
hundred and twenty years with only such slight variations in the
crowned leopard's head as might be expected from the fact that the
punches used during such a long period must of necessity have been
cut by different hands while working, broadly speaking, " to the same
design." The slight variations now referred to are shown in the tables
at the dates when they occur, and it is, therefore, unnecessary to describe
them more fully here, but it must be mentioned that the practice of
indenting the punch to the line of the crowned head was abandoned in
1680, and has never since been resumed. The punch then adopted
was of about the same size as before, but gibbous in outline as appears
in the tables. The bold character of the head is still preserved, but the
•* This may have been for the same object as appears to have occasioned the adoption of the
lion in the same year, viz., to mark the fact that, although the silver coinage was then debased the
old " sterling " standard was maintained for plate.

The Marks on London Plate. 51
face is somewhat smaUer, with more mane and beard displayed, and a use of leopard's

head crowned

Httle more space between the head and the outline of the punch. This di^sronttaed m
^ 1697 resumed in
form continued in use until 27th March 1697, when the mark of the ''""'°'
" leopard's head crowned " was proscribed, by reason of the alteration
of the standard, but the old punches which had been in use from 1680
to 1697, or new punches resembling them, were resorted to on the
restoration of the old standard in 1719-20. Between 1720 and 1729
we find that a new form of punch was also used for this mark : a
leopard's head crowned with a ducal coronet in an angular shield,
pentagonal in form, of smaller size and less bold design than that of the
old head which is found to have been still occasionally used. The
result of the use of punches of the old form being that, when the date-
letter is indistinct, the marks might easily be mistaken for those of the
period 1680-97. lii 1729 the stamp, still pentagonal in outline, is
reduced in size, and very little of either mane or beard is left; the crown
or coronet has two pearls introduced into it, giving it the appearance of
a marquisal coronet heightened and laterally compressed. In 1739 the
form is again altered ; the mane and beard are found to have entirely
disappeared, the width of the jaws is much contracted, and a few straight
hairs or "whiskers" are substituted for the beard. This head in a some
what attenuated stamp, formed of a series of ogees or waved lines,
presents an appearance somewhat mean and unimportant as compared
with its predecessors. From 1756 to 1776 the head is a little fuller in
the jowl, and the containing shield is not shaped, but a plain oblong, with
the bottom corners rounded ; and except that from 1776 the top corners
of the shield are clipped off, this mark remains of the same form until
182 1-2, when the crown disappears and the containing shield is brought crown disappears
from leopard's
to a point at the base. The absence of the crown from the leopard's headimssi-x
head affords the principal means of distinguishing the marks of the years
1826 to 1 83 1 from those of 1786 to 1791. There is very little difference in
the form of this mark during the following fifty-five years — the slight
changes are however shewn in the following tables; but in 1896, while the
head remains unaltered, the top of the containing shield is invected, and
three lobes take the place of the straight top with clipped corners which
had preceded it.
THE WORKER'S OR MAKER'S MARK.
The mark which in chronological order has next to be considered,
is the Maker's Mark, first instituted in England by the Statute of

52

The Marks on London Plate.

Discontinued in
:7th century.

1363, which ordained that every Master Goldsmith should have a mark
of his own, known to those appointed by the King to survey their
work, which mark should be set on their works after they had been
assayed. This requirement was repeated in almost every subsequent
statute, and it is frequently styled the " Mark or Sign " of the worker.
These makers' marks were at first emblems or symbols, as a fish, a bird.
Signs or Symbols 3. horsc Or othcr animal, a heart, a cross, a rose or other flower; pro-
used as makers'
marks, bably often selected in allusion to the name of the maker. In early times,
when the majority of the people were unlettered, goldsmiths, like other
shop-keepers, had signs by which their shops were known, and some
retained the custom down to quite recent times. The written name
would have been of little use when few could read, whereas the setting
up of a sign which was easily understood afforded a convenient means
of distinguishing the shop ; it is, therefore, not improbable that gold
smiths took for their mark the sign of their shop. After a time,
however, as may be seen in the tables, letters were used as the
worker's mark.
The custom of using signs or symbols for makers' marks gradually
fell into disuse in the seventeenth century, and (except in conjunction
with initial letters) by the time of Charles II. we find but very few
marks consisting of symbols. A rose in a pentagon, an escaUop, a goose,
three storks, and perhaps one or two others are aU that are used
without letters accompanying them. But symbols with letters either
above, below, or between them, were used in plenty down to the middle
of the eighteenth century ; the most favoured device being a crown or
coronet placed over two letters, and this is found in use as late as
the last quarter of the nineteenth century.
The "Touchstone for Gold and Silver Wares," printed in 1677,
contains the following reference to makers' marks. After describing the
assay office, the author proceeds :
..,„_„ ,._„, " ^" *^^ office is likewise kept for publique view a table or tables artificially
tororcharies'ii, "^^^^ °^ coluuins of parchment or velom, and several of the same sorts ; in the
lead are struck or entered the workers' marks (which are generally the first letters
of their Christian and Sirnames), and right against them in the parchment or
velom columns, are writ and entered the owners' names ; This is that which
IS meant m the before-recited statutes by the expression of making the workers'
marks knoivn to the Surveyors or Wardens of the Craft ; which said wardens' dutv
IS to see that the marks be plain and of a fit size, and not one like another, and
to require the thus entering the said marks, and also the setting them clear and
visible on all gold and silver work, not only on every work, but also on every

Records of
makers' marks

The Marks on London Plate. 53
part thereof that is wrought apart and afterwards soddered, or made fast thereto
in finishing the same."
" Our law makers (as I conceive) did think the thus setting the marks on the
work to be the securest way to prevent fraud in this kind ; for if it would not
deter from the working and selling coarse silver and gold wares, yet would it be
a sure way to find out the offenders, and to have the injured righted. But if the
marks might be omitted, and the works should pass but into a third owner's
hand, for the most part it would be impossible to discern one man's work from
another, by reason that divers workers made all sorts of work in shapes so near
alike." The records mentioned in " The Touchstone " are unfortunately
not now to be found, and as they were in existence after the fire of Their subsequent
y - disappearance.
London they were m aU probability deliberately destroyed. The only
official records now in existence are those previously mentioned, viz.,
the copper plates in which are struck the makers' marks in use when the
order ofthe Goldsmiths' Company of 1675 was enforced, and the books
in which the goldsmiths' names and their marks from 1697 are registered.
It is, therefore, extremely difficult to assign the name of the worker to
any particular maker's mark prior to that date, and it can only be done
with certainty when it is fixed by an entry in some contemporaneous
account or inventory. There are, however, some few marks, e.g., those
of W. Cater* (1562), R. Timbrell (1690), and Benjamin Pyne, WUham
Scarlett, Peter Harache, and Timothy Ley before and after 1697, about
which there can be no doubt.
The Statute 8 Wm. III. c. 8 (1696-7) which raised the standard
for sUver plate from 1 1 oz. 2 dwts. to 11 oz. 10 dwts. fine, provided that
from the 25th March 1697 (O.S. 25th March 1697) the worker's or
maker's mark should be the first two letters of his surname, and this
provision applied as well to gold as silver. Probably either no plate was
assayed from the 25th to the 27th of the month, or the intervening days
were occupied in assaying and marking plate sent to Goldsmiths' Hall
before the 25th, for the Act does not appear to have been enforced until
the 27th, when a general change of marks was made, and the use of all Alteration of
makers' marks
the old marks discontinued. On the 15th April 1697 all the new 'Sw-
marks which had by that date been adopted were recorded in the book
then opened at Goldsmiths' Hall for the purpose of registering the
marks and names of workers, and their names, addresses, and date of
entry were in each case written opposite their marks in this book. From
that time forth this practice was continued, but a leaf or two of the first
" See page 40.

54

The Marks on London Plate.

Re-use of old
makers' marks
1719-20.

New makers'
marks ordered
in 1739.

The date-letter.
Earliest reference
to it as
" The letter
of the year"
occurs in 1560.

book and some of the books containing entries from 1758 to 1783 are
missing. This form of mark, consisting of the first two letters of the
surname, was compulsorily in use for twenty-three years only, for with
the passing of the Act 6 Geo. i. c. 11 in 17 19, which restored the old
standard of 11 oz. 2 dwts. fine, the use of the old form of maker's mark
was revived, and from that time each maker who worked in both
standards used for the new or Britannia standard the mark composed of
the first two letters of his surname, and for the lower or old standard
the initials of his Christian and surname, or (as in the mark of Benjamin
Pyne, which was the letter P surmounted by a crown) other the mark
in use by him prior to 25th March 1697. This practice of using marks
of two kinds was continued untU 1739, when, because of the confusion
which had arisen by reason of different sets of marks being used by the
same makers at the same time, it was by the Act 12 Geo. II. c. 26, which
came into operation on 28th May 1739, ordered that plate workers
should destroy their existing marks and substitute others' with the
initials of their Christian names and surnames in letters of a different
character from those used previously.* The form of mark consisting
of the initials of the Christian name and the surname has been in use
from May 1739 to the present day.
Very few of the makers' marks struck on London plate between
1478 and 1800 will be found to be omitted from the foUowing pages.
THE DATE-LETTER.
The next in order of the series of marks found on London plate is
the date-letter: the alphabetical mark approved by ordinance, which is
regularly changed in the month of May in each year, and has been
variously styled "the date mark," "the alphabetical mark " and "the
assayer's or wardens' mark."
This mark is, as Mr. Octavius Morgan remarked, " perhaps the most
interesting of the entire series, for it enables us to ascertain the precise
year in which any piece of plate was made." The earliest reference to it
as a date-letter or "letter of the year" occurs in a Minute of the
Goldsmiths' Company of 1560. In the indictment of John Moore and
Robert Thomas for working fraudulent plate and counterfeiting the
marks in i597f it is described as "the alphabetical mark approved by
ordinance amongst the goldsmiths," although the ordinance by which it
t Se°e'chSter"'^^l,!fe "'^''' "''''" '"'' occasionally found which do not comply with it.

'm" for
1629-30.

The Marks on London Plate. 55
was "approved" is not to be found. It had, however, most certainly
been in use for more than a century before 1597. No mention is made
in the Company's minutes of the denomination of any particular year- Earliest letter
, Ml named in the
letter until the occurrence of some dispute with the officers of the Mi^;li™l^'t'i,e
assay, after which the letters are mentioned in the minutes, the earliest
described being the letter m for 1629-30. From that date they are
mentioned with sufficient regularity to enable one to construct the
successive alphabets, but as regards the earlier cycles it is only by the
examination of a large number of pieces of antique plate, for the most
part belonging to churches, pubUc companies, colleges, and corporations,
of which the histories are known, that it has been possible to coUect the
information necessary for the construction of the tables of marks from
the commencement of the use of the date-letter down to 1629.
The use of this mark was arranged in cycles of twenty years each.
Twenty letters of an alphabet — A to U or V, excluding J — being used
for each cycle, and at the end of each of the years in which U or V had
been used a new alphabet was adopted for the next succeeding cycle.
As a rule, therefore, when any letter is found, its character and its
accompanying marks at once indicate whether it belongs to a cycle
earlier or later than that in which the letter m of 1629 occurs. If it
belongs to the cycle 1618-38 or later, the goldsmiths' records, before-
mentioned, fix its exact position ; if, however, the letter should not agree
in character with any of the letters from 16 18 downwards, its position
has to be ascertained by other means, and this was where Mr. Morgan
experienced the difficulty of framing the earlier tables. The course he
adopted was to select pieces of plate which were believed to have
belonged to churches or corporate bodies from the time when they were
made, with respect to which some evidence was obtainable, and which
from their design and workmanship might well belong to the date
ascribed to them. The marks found on such examples were set in their
respective cycles. A certain letter having been found in this way to
belong to a particular year, and that year its proper one in the order
of the particular cycle of twenty years to which it belonged, the
character of the alphabet used throughout that cycle was as a rule
ascertained, the exceptions being in the case of those alphabets which
resembled each other, and in that cycle in which letters of different
character were used. In those cases the accompanying marks afforded
material assistance. All other letters subsequently found of similar

56 The Marks on London Plate.
character to those first ascertained were placed in the cycles and at the
dates to which they appeared to belong, and as a rule they were found
to tally with and confirm the first.
Engraved Dates A datc wfilch is found cugraved on antique plate cannot
misieadin°g, '" always bc relied on as being the date of its manufacture. It has
repeatedly happened that pieces of plate which individuals or their
families have had in their possession for many years have been subse
quently given or bequeathed by them to churches or public bodies, and
the date of the presentation or bequest has been engraved on the article.
In such cases the period to which the work properly belongs is earlier
than the inscribed date. On the other hand, money has been often
bequeathed for the purchase of plate, and the purchase has not been
made until some years afterwards, but the date of the bequest has
been engraved on the plate, which is found to be really of a date later
than the inscription records. Again, plate given to public bodies having
become much worn has been re-made at subsequent periods, and the
date of the original gift has been re-engraved on the new made piece.
Mr. Morgan gave one instance in iUustration of this : One of the loving
cups of the Goldsmiths' Company, known as "Hanbury's Cup," is
inscribed with the record of its being the gift of Richard Hanbury in
1608. The form and workmanship of the cup are clearly of the period of
Charles II., which is confirmed by the Hall marks. This was very
perplexing untU a memorandum was found in the Company's minutes
stating that " Hanbury's Cup, weight 60 oz., was sold with other plate
in 1637 and re-made in 1666."*
Having found that ITI was the annual letter for 1629-30 Mr. Morgan,
in framing his skeleton tables, proceeded to work backwards from that
date to an undefined starting point, and knowing that it had been the
practice of the Goldsmiths' Company to change the character of the
alphabet used every twenty years, he ascribed the examples of the
several forms of alphabet which he discovered, to their respective dates.
The Lombardic D of 148 1-2 on the Anathema Cup of Pembroke College,
Cambridge, given in 1497, was a good land-mark, and the inscribed date
The following is an instance of Mr, Cripps having been misled, probably by a correspondent ;
In the Canongate Church, Edinburgh, there are two Communion cups dated " 1644 " ; they are
described in " Old English Plate " amongst the " list of articles of plate which have served as
authority for the construction of the tables of date-letters " as of the year 1643 (1643-4), On the
strength of the inscribed date a court-hand letter G, unlike the actual letter for the year, is inserted
in the tables as the letter for the year 1643-4, As a matter of fact the date-letter on these cups is
the Lombardic N for 1610-1 !

The Marks on London Plate. 57
afforded assistance in setting that date-letter in its proper place. The tradition
Mr. Morgan, however, assumed a date forty years too early as the time "P^dsey-Von
-^ suggested a table
when the use of the alphabetical mark was adopted. A tradition had ttV-^xL
existed that the " Pudsey " spoon,* long preserved at Bolton Hall and '"''*'
Hornby Castle, Westmoreland, had been given by King Henry VI. ,
together with his boots and gloves, to Sir Ralph Pudsey, of Bolton Hall,
after the battle of Hexham in 1463, and Mr. Morgan, in order to fit in
the marks on the spoon with the tradition, ascribed the Lombardic H,
which the spoon bears, as the date-letter for the year 1445-6. This
theory involved the assumption of an alphabet for an entire cycle of
twenty years (with regard to the use of which no evidence has ever
been found) intermediate between the cycle in which he placed this H
and that in which the D of 148 1 is fixed. This arrangement was copied
by Mr. Chaffers, foUowed by Mr. Cripps, and accepted generally, until
it was found that the tradition attached to the "Pudsey spoon, "•f- like
many other traditions, could have had no foundation in fact, as the
marks on the spoon could not be of earlier date than 1515 ; they
were therefore assigned to their proper place, viz., 1525. There
being no evidence of any earlier use of a date-letter, the adop
tion by the London Goldsmiths' Company of an alphabetical mark is
considered to have been made in the year 1478.! The earliest known Earliest known
date letter is the
piece of plate with a date-letter is the Nettlecombe chalice, marked with ^"^'^'JJ''''' ^ '°'
the Lombardic letter B of 1479-80. It is believed that the first cycle
commenced with the Lombardic A in the preceding year. There is no
positive evidence that the use of the date-letter did in fact commence
in 1478, as the earliest known recorded reference to it, as such, is in a
minute in the Goldsmiths' Company's books of i6th December, 1560,
with regard to the letter of the year being " grayved round about for
a difference." There is, however, an earlier reference to "the assayer's Assayer's mark
mentioned 1513.
mark," which appears to be another name for the year mark or date-
letter, in an ordinance of the company, dated 5 Henry VIII. (15 13).
We have seen that in the 2 Henry VI. c. 14 (1423), § the leopard's
head and the maker's mark are the only marks mentioned as being
required to be stamped on all wrought silver, and that by the same
"•¦¦" Now in the Mayer Museum, Liverpool.
f See the author's monograph on " The Spoon and its Histor)-," " ArchiEologia," Vol. LIII.
f The Editor of Chaffers' " Hallmarks on Plate," Sth edition, continues to perpetuate the fallacy
of the 1445 date-letter and the skipped cycle.
§ See the Statute in Chapter II.

58

The Marks on London Plate,

Reason for
devising " date-
letter."

The "Craft"
made answerable
for default of
Warden in
marking bad

silver. 1477.

Date-letteradopted at
Montpellier in 1427.

Whence its
probableadoption by
the London
Goldsmiths in 1478.

statute a penalty of double value was imposed on the keeper of the
touch "for every harness of silver* which he shaU touch that is worse
than sterling," and that in the 17 Edward IV. c. i (1477), the same two
marks are mentioned artd no other, and that in addition to the re-enactment
of the provision that if the Keeper of the touch do mark or touch any
such harness (wrought sUver) with the leopard's head, if it be not as fine
as sterling, he shall forfeit double value, it is further provided that the
craft of goldsmiths of London shall be answerable for the default of the
Warden, Here then is a strong reason for devising an additional mark
which would fix the date when any particular article was "touched," and
thereby enable the "craft" to ascertain "which of their own officers
deceived them and from him obtain over a recompence." An additional
mark for a similar purpose had already been devised for use at Mont
pellier, where, in 1427, in consequence of public clamour having been
raised against the principal silversmiths for working silver below the
standard, process had been issued against them, an inquest was held,
they were fined 10 marks each, and, to insure the legal standard being
maintained, it was ordained that in addition to the ordinary precaution
of the "borihls," (the technical term applied to the metal removed with
a buril, burin, or graver for the purpose of assay), a box should be
appropriated to each worker, and the borihls, or scrapings, from his
work placed in it, to be twice a year assayed, and that the name of the
warden of the mystery (inscribed on the register of the city and in the
private book of the silversmiths) should be followed by one of the letters
of the alphabet, which should be reproduced beneath the "ecusson"
(escutcheon) of the city, on each work, in order that it might be known
under what warden it was made. This ordinance was renewed in 1436
with more stringent conditions, and continued in force in the South of
France in the time of our Edward IV. It seems, therefore, probable
that the London goldsmiths, having acquainted themselves with the
practice in force at MontpeUier, on their craft being fixed by statute in
1477 with responsibility for the default of their warden, adopted the
Montpellier practice of adding a variable letter to the marks already in
use, so as to be able to determine at any future time, should the question
arise, in whose wardenship any particular article of plate had been
"touched."

silver.

'Harness of silver" appears in this instance to be used to denote any kind of wrought

The Marks on London Plate. 59
We have, therefore, the foUowing points : —
I. No mention of any mark other than the leopard's head and
maker's mark down to 1477.
2. In 1477 the craft fixed with responsibility for the default of
their warden : a strong reason for devising an additional mark
to denote the year when assay made.
3. Plate found marked with the variable alphabetical mark for the
years 1479-80, 148 1-2, 1488-9 and onwards, with an occasional
break of a year or two (three at the most), down to the present
day, the earliest (the Nettlecombe Chalice, 1479-80) being
marked with the Lombardic B.
4. Three marks, viz., the leopard's head crowned, the maker's mark,
and the assayer's mark mentioned in the Goldsmith's Ordinance
of 1513-
On these data it is submitted that the majority of reasonable persons
would come to the conclusion that the date-letter or alphabetical mark
was first struck on London plate in the year 1478, that the letter first
used was A, and that in style or character it probably corresponded
with the letters D, L, N, O, Q, R, and T, of the first cycle illustrated in
the foUowing tables.
The cycles of twenty years, with a change of letter every year, (the
letters used being A to U or V, omitting J,) proceeded regularly from 1478 Twenty letters
used in each
to 1696-7, when, on the new standard being required by the Act of that f^f^^^^'^
year, a new alphabet was begun before the twentieth letter of the then at'^ninetee'lith'!^''
current cycle had been reached. The entries in the Minutes of the Gold
smiths with respect to the change of letter being as follows :
" A.D. i6g6. May 29th. — New puncheons received ; the letter for the year
being t in a scutcheon Pri "
" A.D. 1697, March 27th. — The puncheons for the remaining part of this year
were received, being according to an Act of Parliament, a Lyon's head erased, a
Britannia, and for the letter, the great court a in an escutcheon rXI "
The court letter a was used for only a little more than two months
viz : March 27th to May 29th, 1697, and on May 29th the use of the ^,''[^e Jf^'^^^g"!"'
court letter b was commenced. A large quantity of plate, however, of
the new standard appears to have been assayed in those two months, and
in the month of April, 1697, nearly a hundred plate workers took their
marks to the hall to be struck. The date-letters were changed on the

6o

The Marks on London Plate.

Letters changed
igth May each
year prior to the
Restoration,
afterwards on
2gtli May.

day when the wardens were elected, that being St. Dunstan's* day
(May 19th), in each year, prior to the Restoration, and on the 29th
May subsequent thereto, except as above mentioned in 1697, when
the change was made on March 27th, as well of marks as of standard,
and the letter was again changed on the 29th May in the same year.
It wUl thus be perceived that each letter served from May of one
year untU May of the following year, except in the one instance when
the court letter a was used only from the 27th March to the 29th
May, 1697.
With reference to the date-letters represented in the foUowing
tables, in fac-simile, it wiU be found that in a number of instances they
differ very appreciably from other representations of the same marks
which have hitherto been offered in print. To begin with those of
Mr. Octavius Morgan : that learned Antiquary never pretended that the
examples given in his tables were reproductions in fac-simile of actual
marks on plate. The letters were for the most part copied from the
goldsmiths' books, where the style or character of the letter is generaUy
drawn in black without a surrounding field, and does not represent the
appearance of an impression struck by a punch. Mr. Morgan continued
this system with regard to the date-letters found by him on plate of
a date antecedent to the year 1629, the date of the earliest record of
the actual letter for the year in the goldsmiths' books. Mr. Chaffers,
however, placed the letters (not very accurately drawn) in the fields in
which they were supposed to be in the actual impressions represented.
Mr. Cripps made a great advance on anything which had been done
before by presenting the letters (with some exceptions) from 1479 to
the end of the 19th Century with much greater correctness, but still with
a great many inaccuracies. In some instances, on these inaccuracies
being pointed out to him, he allowed them to remain, on the ground
that as they stood they were "traps to forgers." It is submitted that
forgers do not resort to representations of marks in black and white for
the purpose of forging marks but adopt other means for carrying on their
nefarious traffic, and it is therefore beheved that no harm can arise by
the publication of the foUowing tables, which it is hoped wUl afford
some means of assisting in the discrimination of the true from the false
rather than be an aid to the latter.

St, Dunstan being the Goldsmiths' patron saint.

The Marks on London Plate.

6i

Every letter represented in the following tables has, with one single
exception, which wUl be mentioned further on, been reproduced from an
authentic piece of plate.
The characters of the different alphabets used in the several cycles
respectively will be found to answer to the foUowing description : —

Cycle

I.
II.
III.

[478 to 1497. — Lombardic*
[498 to 1 5 17. — Black Letter, small.
:5i8 to 1537. — Lombardic and Roman, capitals :
(Lombardic predominating).
:538 to 1557. — Lombardic and Roman, capitals :
(Roman capitals predominating).
:558 to 1577. — Black Letter, small.
[578 to 1597. — Roman, capitals.
[598 to 161 7. — Lombardic.
[618 to 1637. — Roman and Italic letters, small.
[638 to 1657. — Court-Hand.
[658 to 1677. — Black Letter, capitals.
[678 to 1696. — Black Letter, small.
[697 to 1715. — Court-Hand.
:7i6 to 1735. — Roman, capitals.
1736 to 1755. — Roman, small.
1756 to 1775. — Black Letter, capitals.
[776 to 1795. — Roman, small.
1796 to 1815. — Roman, capitals.
[816 to 1835.' — Roman, small.
[836 to 1855.^ — Black Letter, capitals.
[856 to 1875. — Black Letter, small.
[876 to 1895.- — Roman, capitals.
[896 to 1915. — Roman, small.
In the first cycle it will be observed that two letters, viz., the L of
1488-9 and the N of 1 490-1, have been recently found and transcribed
whereby the gap in that cycle is reduced, and that the T of that cycle,
now for the first time accurately rendered, is unlike what has hitherto
been published as representing that letter. The small black letters of
the second cycle are not the clumsy-looking, ill-formed letters represented
in "Old EngHsh Plate" and Chaffers' "HaU Marks"; but really beautiful
" It is misleading to describe the first alphabet as "with double cusps," since the only double
cusped letters are the O and Q of 1488 and 1491, which letters are similarly double-cusped in later
cycles.

IV. V.
VI.
VII.
VIII. IX. X.
XL
XII.
XIII. XIV. XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII. XIX. XX.
XXI.
XXII.

62 The Marks on London Plate.
Gothic letters such as one sees in illuminated and other texts of the
period. The author takes no credit to himself for their appearance in
Different forms of hls tablcs iu 3 form as nearly accurate as is possible, because the means
date-letters, taken to ensure accuracy has been more mechanical than artistic, as will
be explained later. It will be observed that some of the letters of the
third and fourth cycle in the following tables differ from any hitherto
published representations of those letters. All that is suggested with
reference thereto is that an inspection of the marks on the articles from
which the following marks have been transcribed will easily settle any
question as to which is the more accurate. The letter A for 1538-9, the
D for 1541-2, the G for 1544-5, and a second O for 1551-2 have, by the
researches of the author and his friends, all been added to the fourth
cycle, so that there are now but two gaps in that cycle, which it is hoped
that further research may soon fill. In the fifth cycle, 1558 to 1577,
the letters generally speaking, as well on large as on small articles, have
been found to be smaller than in the preceding cycle, and this difference
has been shown in the tables. The letters, too, are not nearly so thick
as they are represented in " Old English Plate," and there is nothing
like the extreme breadth of " scutcheon " as shown by Mr. Chaffers.
In 1 560- 1 the letter t is found both without and with an enclosing
shield ; the shield here used for the first time has, though its form has
varied greatly, never since then been neglected. The introduction of
the shield in 1 560-1 coincided with, or rather immediately followed, the
restoration of the old sterling standard for the silver coinage, and the
books of the Goldsmiths' Company contain a minute dated the i6th
December 1560, to the effect that because the standard of the sUver
moneys had been raised to eleven ounces and upwards, therefore after
the feast of the Epiphanie next coming, the assay-master and wardens
should "touch no plate under the fynesse of xi oz. ij. dwt., arid for a certe
knowledge to be had between the same plate and other before touched, it is
agreed that the letter of the year shall be grayved round about for a
difference."* The next feature in the date-letters which calls for remark is the
pellet under the second h of 1567-8. This is accounted for by the fact
that Richard Rogers, who had held the office of Assay Master for some
® This is a somewhat strange agreement for the goldsmiths to make, and is suggestive of their
having allowed base silver to be " touched "contrary to the terms of every statute and ordinance
which had been made concerning wrought silver from the time of Edward I., which provided that
none should work silver worse than sterling.

The Marks on London Plate. 63
time previous, was "discharged of the office of Assayer" on 24th
December 1567, and Thomas Keelynge was appointed as his successor.
It therefore became necessary to distinguish between the k used by
Rogers, from May, 1567, to December of the same year, and that used by
Keelynge thence-forward till May, 1568. Mr. Cripps placed the letter with
the pellet beneath it before the one without that distinction, but as it is
more probable that the later used letter had the distinguishing spot, it is so
placed in the foUowing tables. The author has found two forms of Itt for
1 569-70, but it is suggested that the smaller punch was cut for small articles,
or for being struck on ornamental plate which the larger punch might
possibly disfigure. The fleur-de-lys and two pellets beneath the second
letter 3 for 1575-6, may be accounted for by the statute 18 Elizabeth c. 15,
(enacted in that year,) which raised the standard for gold wares to 22 carats.
It wUl be observed that in 1583-4, two forms of the Roman letter F
are used, one being reversed. The reversed letter is on a fine silver gilt
ewer in the collection of Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart, and may be
accounted for by the punch cutter having made the mistake of cutting
the F right, instead of reversing it in the punch ; the mistake being
noticed after the punch was used, a second punch was probably obtained
whereby the letter was afterwards struck correctly. The letters through
out the cycle 1 578-1 597, are not nearly so thick and heavy looking as
they are represented in "Old English Plate." In the next cycle the only
letter inaccurately represented by Mr. Cripps is the Lombardic G (one of
the numerous traps into which the compiler of a recently published book
on " Old London Silver " has fallen, and thereby disclosed the source of
the marks which he has copied). The bottom loop of the letter is not
continued until it joins the main limb, but terminates in a forked end
before reaching the main stroke. Mr. Chaffers made the same mistake,
but of the tables of date-letters in " Hall Marks on Plate " generaUy, it
may be safely said that there are not many which are particularly accurate.
Of the cycle 16 18 to 1637 the two forms of the letter D are
accounted for by the death of the assayer, Thonias Dymock, in Septem
ber 1 61 9, and the appointment of his successor, John Reynolds, in the
following month. The two forms of the k of 1627-8 may have happened
in the cutting of the second set of punches, without any meaning or
intent, for the difference is not very great, and one set of punches can
scarcely have lasted for an entire year. Of the letter m for 1629-30,
in not a single one of the eight examples seen by the author are the lower

Reasons why
letters of different
forms sometimes
ocrur in the
same year.

64 The Marks on London Plate.
parts of the strokes of the letter barbed and connected, but in each case
the three limbs terminate in separate bulbous ends.
In obtaining examples of the letters of the cycle 1638 to 1657 the
author experienced more difficulty than in any other of the completed
Scarcity of Plate cyclcs. For ycars he was searching and enquiring for plate marked
bearing marks of i /- /- j * 1
,643 to 1645, .^jth the court letters for 1643-4, 1644-5, and 1645-6, and it was only
after a very protracted search that examples were found. The only
instance known of the court letter G (for the year 1644-5) occurs on a
piece of Church plate at Snareston-cum-Swepston, Leicestershire, and,
as wiU be observed, it is quite different from the representations of this
letter given by Mr. Cripps and Mr. Chaffers. Here, therefore, is another
"trap" in "Old English Plate" which the compUer of "Old London
Silver " has fallen into. The examples given by Mr. Cripps and Mr.
Chaffers were taken from the goldsmiths' books, but it is obvious that the
penmanship of their clerk cannot be depended on for absolute exactitude,
a reproduction in facsimile being unnecessary in the company's minutes.
In "Old English Plate " no reference is given to any article with the date
letter for 1644; and for the year 1643 the communion cups made by
John Wardlaw, and dated 1644, at the Canongate Church, Edinburgh,
are cited, but on examination these cups, though dated 1644, were found
to be marked with the Lombardic letter N, the date-letter for 16 10.*
It wUl be observed that there are two forms of the court letter a
for 1638-9 — one right, the other reversed (due, probably, as in the case
of the F of 1583, to the punch-cutter omitting to reverse the letter in
the punch). In "HaU Marks on Plate" the error has been committed
of making this reversed a do duty for the court letter B of 1639-40, the
form of which is quite different.
In the next cycle, 1658 to 1677, the letters for the first two years
are all that require comment. As to the first, but for the difficulty
of proving a negative, the author would say what he believes, viz.,
that one form only of the black letter % was used in this cycle, and
that one was what Mr. Cripps described as the "blurred" letter;
and that the more common form of black letter % represented in
"Old English Plate" was not used at all. The first representation of
the letter for 1658 which appeared in print was copied by Mr. Octavius
Morgan from the goldsmiths' books, and was not intended to be a
¦¦¦¦ The date-letter for 1643-4 ^^ the following tables has been drawn from parts of three different
examples, not one of which was wholly perfect.

The Marks on London Plate. 65
fac-simile representation. The first of the two letters for 1658 repre
sented in "Old English Plate" is probably a copy also, and
Mr. Chaffer's example appears to be taken from the same source,
with a line introduced connecting the two limbs. All save one of the
examples of the letter in question mentioned in "Old English Plate"
have been examined, and in each case the date-letter is as it is repre
sented in the foUowing tables. In all, the author has examined a dozen oniy one form
of letter for
pieces of plate of the year 1658-9, and on each the date-mark is what '^^*''-
is described in "Old English Plate" as the blurred letter struck with
the "damaged punch." The author has spoken to dozens of collectors
and dealers on the subject, but has never found one who has ever seen
on plate the first of the two letters represented in " Old English
Plate" as for 1658, hence the author's belief that it owes its existence
entirely to the penmanship of the writer of the Goldsmiths' Minutes.
For the year 1659-60 however, two distinct forms of the letter % have
been found, differing from each other very slightly — not more than may
be accounted for by the laxity of the die-sinker in cutting the punch —
still there is a sufficient difference to warrant the giving of the two
forms in the foUowing tables.
As to the next cycle (1678 to 1697) no comment is necessary except
with reference to its completion. Mr. Octavius Morgan suggested that
there were instances of the letter U having been used in the year
1697. It is submitted that the alphabet used in that cycle certainly
ended with the letter t, and was foUowed by the court hand a, as the
Goldsmiths' Minutes record, and that the smaU Old English letter u
was not used. In some aspects, and especiaUy when somewhat worn,
the letter tt of that cycle, the limbs of which are connected both at
bottom and top, looks very much like the letter U, and this appearance
probably led to the above suggestion. What, however, did happen, at
least in one case which the author has noted, was that the letter t was
used on plate of the new standard, marked with the lion's head erased,
the figure of Britannia, and the new form of maker's mark enforced by
the Act of 1696, as represented in the foot note to the table of marks
for Cycle XI. Of the remainder of the date-letters in the following
tables no more need be said than that the greatest possible care has
been taken to ensure accuracy, and that it is surprising how in a cycle
so recent as 1836 to 1855, more than half the hitherto published
examples of the date-letters should be inaccurate.

66

The Marks on London Plate.

THE LION PASSANT.
Of this mark Mr. Octavius Morgan wrote as foUows: — "Its origin,
intention, and the precise date of its adoption are obscure." The earliest
mention of it is in the indictment by the Attorney General in 1597
against Moore and Thomas* for counterfeiting "the marks of Her
Majesty's lion,f the Leopard's head, limited by Statute, and the alphabetical
mark;" and Mr. Cripps in the last edition of "Old English Plate"
adopting almost the identical words of Mr. Morgan, added that "The most
careful enquiry had faUed to produce an earlier instance (of its use) than
one of the year 1545  It is never found before 1543 nor is
it ever absent after 1 545. In one or the other of the years 1 544 and
1545 it must have been introduced."
Fortunately the author is now able to clear up this hitherto doubtful
question as to the precise date of its adoption, as will be gathered by an
examination of the following tables, in which the blank for the year
1544-5 is for the first time filled. The marks there given (shewing the
first appearance of the lion passant) are on a seal-top spoon in the
author's coUection. There is also in the author's collection, an apostle
spoon of the preceding year, without the lion. The author has found
four examples of the year 1543-4, all without the Hon, and four of
the year 1545-6, all with the lion. It is clear, therefore, that 1544-5 is
undoubtedly the year when the lion passant guardant was adopted as a
mark at Goldsmiths' Hall, London. It is equally clear that it was taken
from the Royal Arms of England, but the reason for its adoption, although
apparent, is not authenticated by any documentary evidence. Mr. Morgan
suggested the possibility that it was to mark " the inferior silver when
Henry VIII. caused the standard to be debased," but it seems more
irobabiydevised corrcct to suggcst that the lion passant was probably adopted to show
stan&rd"%vas that, uotwithstauding the degradation of the standard of the silver
maintained for. , iir ii ¦ • t /• ^
plate, though coinage, the standard tor wrought plate was maintained of the old
coinage debased. '¦
" sterling " quahty. However this may have been, it is the fact that in
1544 the silver coinage was so debased that it contained only half its
weight of pure silver, and there was no enactment authorising the
degradation of the standard for wrought plate below that fixed by the

First use of
Lion passant,
1544-

'•¦" See Chapter V. ante.
t The proper heraldic name of this animal (one of the three which appear in the Royal .Arms) is
" leopard," whose head (the earliest of the London marks) is called a " leopard's head." In order to
be consistent the lion passant should be denominated " leopard," or what is known as the " leopard's
head " should be called a " lion's head."

The Marks on London Plate. 67
Act of Edward I. in 1300, which provided that it should be " as good as
sterhng." The first appearance of the Uon passant in 1544, in con
junction with the reappearance of the old ducal coronet on the leopard's
head,* synchronizes remarkably with the debasement of the silver
coinage, and it is highly probable that the Hon passant mark was then
adopted in order that the purchasers of plate so marked should thereby
have a guaranty that it was of the old " sterhng " quality. It is also
probable that some Ordinance or Proclamation was made with reference
to it in 1544, but the books of the Goldsmiths' Company are silent on
the subject, and the registers of the Privy Council for the period in
question are missing, but one may venture to re-echo the hope expressed
by Mr. Morgan, that " some of those laborious gentlemen who are
engaged in calendaring the State papers may fall, in the course of their
researches, on some Order in CouncU or Gracious Proclamation enjoining
the addition of this royal lion to the three marks rendered imperative by
statute." In the early statutes concerning goldsmiths, the leopard's head is The uon passant
described as " Her
described as " the King's Mark " ; it is remarkable that in the indictment Majesty's uon-
of Moore and Thomas in 1597, it is the lion passant that is given this
honourable distinction, being therein described as " Her Majesty's Lion,"
the " leopard's head " and the " alphabetical mark " being referred to as
"limited by statute" and "approved by ordinance" respectively. Mr.
Cripps asked the question " was the lion passant adopted as the King's
Mark in place of the leopard's head ? " The answer is as yet not forth
coming. It will be gathered from the following tables that in the first year of var.ous lorms of
... . the Lion passant.
its appearance the lion is in a square field; that in the following year and
down to 1549-50, the punch is cut to the outline of the animal, and that
throughout these six years the head is crowned, at first with a bold
upstanding crown, less distinct in the second year, whilst in the
last two years it is but barely discernible, and in the following year
(i 550-1), when the lion is placed in an oblong field, the crown
disappears. The form of stamp adopted in 1550 is continued till 1557,
when the punch is notched in front, an incipient cutting which in the
next year is carried round the entire animal. From 1578 down to 1678
the punch is cut to the outline of the lion. From 1679 to 1697 the
punch is gibbous, or oblong with the corners rounded off, and this shape
•¦' See the observations with reference to the leopard's head ante.

68

The Marks on London Plate.

Gold and O.S.
Silver marked
alike till 1797,

resumed in 1719-20 is continued tUl 1739. It is then again cut to outline
the figure until 1756, when it is placed in a shield with a point at the
base and the top corners rounded or clipped, which form is continued
untU in the cycle commencing in 1896 the shield is invected in chief and
base. The shape of the animal at the several periods lends material aid
in determining the approximate date of a piece of plate when the other
marks are worn. In the first cycle the lion is much more Hke the
conventional heraldic animal than in the later cycles, and from 1821
(when the crown was taken off the leopard's head) the lion passant is no
longer guardant, the head being in profile.
UntU 1797-8, gold and silver of the old standard* had been marked
exactly alike, but the 58 Geo. III. provided that gold of the new standard
of 18 carats fine should be marked with a crown and 18, in place of the
Hon, and in 1844 the 7 & 8 Vic. c. 22, s. 15, provided that the crown
and 22, should be stamped on gold of 22 carats fine and that thereafter
the lion passant should not be stamped on gold.

The lion's head
erased and figure
of Britannia
instituted 1696-7.
Compulsorily
used on plate
from 1697 to 17 19.

THE LION'S HEAD ERASED AND "BRITANNIA."
All that need be said with reference to these two marks is that the
Statute 8 Wm. III. c. 8 of 1696-7 provided, as we have already seen,
that the standard for wrought plate should be raised to 11 oz. 10 dwts.
fine (8 dwts. in the lb. finer than the standard theretofore in force, and
to the same extent finer than the standard for the sUver coinage), and
that the marks should be that of the worker, to be expressed by the two first
letters of his surname ; the marks of the mystery or craft of the goldsmiths,
which, instead of the leopards head and the lion, should be for this plate ihe
figure of a lion's head erased and the figure of a woman commonly called
Britannia; and a distinct variable mark to be used by the Warden of the
said mystery, to denote the year in which such plate was made ; and
that the said marks should be affixed, on pain of forfeiture, on all silver
vessels, &c., that should be exposed for sale.
These new marks were used exclusively from 27 March 1697,
until 29 May 17 19, when the old standard was restored, since which
time both standards have been in use concurrently; but for a long
time past the use of the Britannia standard has been very small in

The Britannia standard marks of course never appeared on gold.

The Marks on London Plate. 69
comparison with that of the revived old standard, and as it is too soft
to withstand much wear there seems no reason for its continuance. At
any rate, those goldsmiths who may desire to use it might be allowed
to do so, subject to its being marked with the leopard's head, the Hon
passant, and a set of figures denoting the higher quality ; but the use of objection to
present use of
the lion's head erased and Britannia ought to be abolished, as their l^^'^j"""'" '
continued use may be the means of fraud being practised upon the
unskUled. The author knows of more than one case where young
collectors of antique plate have had sold to them by unscrupulous
dealers, modern plate bearing the marks of the Britannia standard, but
with the date-letter obliterated, the purchasers imagining that they
were buying Old English- plate of the period 1697-1719. An example
of the modern marks of this standard is shewn in Cycle XX. of the
year 1863-4. By comparing these marks with those of 17 16-7 it
wUl be seen how closely they resemble each other, and how easUy
fraud may be perpetrated upon the unskilled or the unwary.
It has been already remarked that on the restoration of the old
standard in 1719-20, the use of the old punches for the leopard's head Resemblance of
some marks of
Hon passant and makers' marks was resumed, or new punches closely ^'^'/"eso-g"
resembling them were brought into use. These changes of marks
appear to have caused much confusion at the time, and even now by
reason of the close resemblance of some of the marks of the period
1 7 19-1729 (excepting the date-letter) to those of 1680- 1696, unscrupulous
dealers have been enabled, by obHterating the date-letter from pieces of
the later date, to pass off plate of the time of Geo. I. and Geo. II. as that
of the time of Chas. II. To illustrate this, three Hnes of marks are set
out in fuU after the table of marks for Cycle XIII. infra. The Goldsmiths'
Company cannot prevent a practice of this kind, but it is in their power
to adopt marks for plate of the higher standard, which shall be readily
distinguishable from those used between 1696 and 1720, and now that
their attention has been called to the matter, it is to be hoped that
something will be done.
THE SOVEREIGN'S HEAD.
This mark, commonly known as the " duty mark," should be found
on all gold and silver plate assayed in England and Scotland from ist

liead incuse
1784-J-6
after^vards
low relief.

70 The Marks on London Plate.
December 1784, to 30th April 1890, except certain articles enumerated
in the list of exemptions below.*
The mark consists of the head of the reigning sovereign in profile,
a reproduction in miniature of the heads of the successive Kings and
Queen from George III. to Queen Victoria inclusive, as on the coins
of the periods, except that from ist December 1784, until 29th May
1786, the head of George III. was not in cameo as it afterwards was,
but intaglio, as if the die sinker had engraved the punch as the mark was
Sovereign's rcqulrcd to appear in the silver, and on being struck it appeared sunk
liead incuse
aftmv.irdsin ^ud rcvcrscd. The head, incuse, looking to the left, appears with the
date-letter 1 for 1784-5 and with the k for 1785-6, after which it is
always in cameo as on the coins. The heads of George III., George IV.
and WUham IV. all look to the right, but the head of Queen Victoria
looks to the left.
The intaglio head was in an oblong stamp with the corners clipped
off, but from 1786 the stamp was oval. On plate of 1804, 1808, and
one or two other years, the head has also been found in a trefoil-shaped
"¦¦¦" List of Gold and Silver Wares exempted from liability to be assayed and from payment of
duty (when it was imposed) : —
(The various Statutes imposing the duties are set forth in Chapter II.).
12 Geo. II. c, 26 : — medals, spouts to china, stone, or earthenware
S, 2. Jeweller's work wherein any jewels or teapots of any weight.
other stones are set (other than mourning rings), s. 4. Tippings, swages or mounts not weigh-
¦''fT k ^^^^ ear-rmgs of gold, or gold springs ing 10 dwts. of silver each, except necks and
ot lockets. collars for casters, cruets, or glasses appertaining
S. 6, Rings, collets for rings, or other jewels, to any sort of stands or frames.
chains, necklace beads, ockets, buttons, hollow o « c -i i • i_-
„, „¦' J r 1, i.. ,Li-- i_i 1 " !"^ S. S- Any wares of silver not weighing
or raised, sleeve buttons, thimbles, coral sockets , j 4 i -i 1, ,. ^x. t n ¦
o„.i K„ii„ f -1 • 1- i X iT^fi 5 dwts. of Sliver each, except the following
and bells ferrils, pipe-hghters, cranes for bottles, articles— nec/es collars and tois tor casters cruetf
very small book clasps, stock or garter clasps ^""^^'^^ «^""' ^^^i-f^rji, ana cops jor casters cruets,
;r.i„t^A „ „ 11 i i 5""-=' ^lao^jn g.^, glasses appertaining to anv sort of stands or
jointed very small nutmeg graters, snuff box . « ,^ ^f^ , , *^„-„„ 'aMarel solid sleeue
rims, whereof tops or bottoms are made of shell, l/']f^^' ounons joy ivmring apparel, solid sleeue
r.r Jt^„^ .,„A VA- -I i iu ¦ 1 °"'="' buttons, solid studs, not having a bisselled edge
or stone, and sliding pencils, toothpick cases, 1 j j 1 * i ?i 1, 11 ^?,
t,„oo,^, ^-^^^c „„„ -1 ji ^"=^=, soldered on, wrought seals, blank seals, bottle
tweezer cases, pencil cases, needle cases, anv , ¦ 1, t i 1 i, t j- 7 1, t. t i^
fili<T„o ,,,^,1, +:.,„¦  „ ^cia'-a, any tickets, shoe clasps, patch boxes, salt spoons, salt
niigree work, tippmgs or swages on stone or i , ;* 1 ji * ,. j. .. ¦ jj
ivory cases, mounts, screws or stoppers to stone f'T''' ««'*/'''* «.,*^«^^»'". *» ^trainers, caddy
or glass bottles or phials, ornaments sniall or ''"*'?•' ^^ ^'^''\ ^^^^^^^l °' brooches before
slight put to amber or other eggs or urns, mentioned excepted , ^j.c.s to garnish cabinets or
wrought seals, or seals with cornelians or othe^ '1"'^' '"'''' "" *'" ''"'^'' °'' ^''"^^''' "" '*'""^' "''
stones set therein, any gold or silver vessel, plate /™"^^5-
or manufacture so richly engraved, carved or , " '""^^ "'^ borne m mmd that the articles in
chased, or set with jewels or other stones as not ita-lics are excepted out of the exemption and are
to admit of an assay to be taken of, or a mark liable to be assayed and were chargeable with
to be struck thereon, without damaging, pre- '^"^y' ^"'^ *a* wedding rings were by 18 and 19
judicing, or defacing the same. Things vvhich, ^^'r- ^- ^°' ^'"^.de liable to duty though of less
by reason of their smallness or thinness are not weight than 10 dwts.
capable of receiving the marks, and not weighing (The tea strainers mentioned in S. 5 seems to
10 dwts, of gold or silver each, refer to the perforated tea spoons with barbed
This applied to gold as well as silver originally, pointed ends, and apparently settles the question
but was repealed as io silver by 30 Geo. HI. c. 31. as to what was the purpose of these spoons).
30 Geo. III. c. 31. Exempted the following By the 38 Geo. III. c. 24, watch cases of gold
articles of silver : — and silver were exempted from duty but not from
b. 3. Chams, necklace beads, lockets, any liability to be assayed, which still attaches to
liligree work, shirt buckles or brooches, stamped them

The Marks on London Plate. 7 1
stamp. The head of the sovereign was changed at the end of each
reign, or shortly after the commencement of the succeeding reign, but in
the provincial offices the change was not made untU some few years
later, and the shape of the stamp varies from that used in London at
certain periods, as will be seen further on in the tables of provincial
marks. As the duty mark was not struck before ist December 1784, and
the date-letters were changed on the 29th of May of that year, the letter
1 was struck during the first half of the goldsmiths' year without the
King's head mark. Plate marked with this letter is therefore found
without and with the duty mark.
The duty on gold and silver plate having ceased to become payable
on and after ist May 1890, thenceforward the Sovereign's head was
not stamped on plate of either kind.

72 Tables of Marks on London Plate.

CHAPTER VII.
TABLES OF MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
The following tables of marks have been prepared with the greatest
possible care in the endeavour to insure accuracy. Each set of marks,
from first to last, has been taken from an authentic piece of plate. The
plan generally adopted has been, to take an impression in very fine
sealing-wax from the marks on the plate, then from the impression to
take a cast in the finest plaster of Paris, whereby the marks are
reproduced as in the original. The depressed parts of each mark in the
cast are then darkened with colouring matter, and the raised parts left
white. The next process is to enlarge the marks so obtained' by
photography, "fix" the dark parts of the marks and bleach the light,
making perfect any imperfections detected in the large prints which are
next set out in tabular form on large sheets. These — again by photo
graphy — are reduced so that the marks shall, when printed, be about the
same size as, or only slightly larger than, the originals. Then, with a
photographic film on a zinc plate each cycle is separately etched, compared
with the originals, and finished with the graver. It wiU be gathered that
the process is exceedingly troublesome and costly. There is the further
difficulty, that when marks are worn this process cannot be resorted to
successfully, and in these cases, which are exceedingly numerous, the
marks have been carefully drawn by the author himself, and, in the
successive stages through which these marks have gone, they have been,
whenever possible, again and again compared with the originals, in the
effort to avoid inaccuracies* which are liable to occur when even the
greatest care is observed.
It wiU be noticed that in the following tables the raised parts of
the marks are white and the depressed parts black — the result of the
system adopted in their reproduction — whereby the marks are represented
as they appear on the plate from which they have been taken, in actual
facsimile. The marks in the tables of Mr. Cripps and Mr. Chaffers
¦¦¦•• The marks reproduced mechanically are not distinguished from those drawn by hand, for a
reason which the " author " of "Old London Silver" wall be able to appreciate if he should fail to
respect.

Tables of Marks on London Plate. 73
have their raised parts black and the sunk parts white, in the manner
of a rubbing taken from "a brass," by which method it is impossible to
portray some of the marks — makers' marks more particularly — except on
a black page. Many of the makers' marks in "Old EngHsh Plate" and
"Hall Marks on Plate" are, in some respects, misleading for this reason.
Many of the marks in these tables wUl be found to differ appreciably
from other representations of such marks previously pubHshed, and in
those cases the author is able to pledge himself to the greater accuracy
of the examples herein, by reason of the great care which has been taken
in their transcription.
It has taken up more space to show all the marks on each example
of plate, but in no other way can they be properly represented. The
expert, the antiquary, and the collector of long standing may not,
generaUy speaking, need more than the tables of date-letters to assist
him, but as the changes in form of some of the other marks occur at
such irregular intervals, the great majority of collectors will, the author
is assured, be glad of the additional assistance which is rendered them
by having all the marks of one year in line.
There will be found in these tables a large number of makers'
marks never hitherto represented, which, it is hoped, will be of assistance
to many collectors in collating marks on their own plate ; and although
it is extremely difficult to identify the names of makers with marks used
before the last quarter of the 17th century, there is no such difficulty
from 1697 onwards, and the very voluminous list of makers' names, from
the earliest times, which follows the tables of marks will be the means
of identifying many makers who worked prior to that year.
The inteUigent student will, of course, consult the following tables
with the aid of the previous chapters, in which the marks and their
history are more fully described, but the following hints (though
to the expert quite unnecessary) may to the beginner be of
assistance : —
I. The order of the marks which has been adopted in the tables,
for convenience' sake, is not that which is most frequently found on
plate, where the maker's mark is, for the most part, first in order,
sometimes last, but never or seldom in any other position, except when
grouped together, as at the bottom of a tankard or teapot.
2. On early plate, the marks wUl be found large and bold, in the
front or face of the object, and struck with absolute indifference to the

74 Tables of Marks on London Plate.
fact that the marks so struck may interfere with lines of ornamental
chasing. The addition of modern chasing to an object originally plain
may be detected by noticing how the chaser has avoided crossing the
haU marks, and has stopped his ornament before reaching them. Marks
are never found hidden in the bottom of an article till quite late in the
17th century. Early tankards are generaUy marked on the drum to the
right of the handle and across the cover. Later ones with domed tops,
as well as cups, casters, tea vases, tea and coffee pots, are for the most
part marked under the base out of view, and the covers of late tankards
are marked inside the dome. Early spoons have the leopard's head in
the bowl, the other marks on the back of the stem. The date-letter, in
the case of spoons "sHpped in the stalk," is struck at the end of the stem
weU away from the other mark or marks. From about 1670 spoons
have all the marks on the back of the stems.
3. One only of the marks iUustrated in the space devoted to the
maker's mark should be found on one piece of plate, except in the very
rare case of the separate parts of which it is composed having been
wrought by two distinct workers, or of its having been repaired or
added to at a later date.
4. The marks for wrought gold and wrought sUver of the old
standard were identical untU 1798, when the standard of 18 carats fine
for gold was first authorised. The marks of a crown and 18 were
ordained for this additional standard in place of the lion passant, which
was continued on gold of 22 carats fine until 1844, when the crown and
22, took the place of the lion, which has not since then been struck on
gold. The lower standards of 1 5 carat, 1 2 carat, and 9 carat, authorised
in 1854, are marked with the figures : Jf/'-625, ^ 5, and 0-375
respectively, but neither the crown nor the Sovereign's head is ever
found stamped on any gold less fine than 18 carats.

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

75

TABLE OF MARKS FOUND ON WROUGHT GOLD,
with the dates when the marks were prescribed : —

Date When
Prescribed.

Marks.

Quality of Gold.

1844 
1798 
1854 

For Gold 22 Carats Fine.
„ 18
„ 15
» 11 12 „
9

The leopard's head, date-letter, and maker's mark, and until 1890
the Sovereign's head, as illustrated in the following tables, appear in
addition to the marks above illustrated, except as above stated.
The lion's head erased and figure of Britannia are, of course, never
found on gold.
In early days although slight variations of the same mark on different
pieces of plate indicate the existence of more than one punch for the
same mark in the course of one year, they are yet generaUy of one
(large) size, and it is not until the i8th century that punches of different
sizes are found to have been used for different sized articles ; some of
the punches having been so small as to need a lens to decipher the
marks struck with them. In these tables it is the larger sized marks
which have been mostly reproduced, but the size of these has not been
exaggerated as in some previously published tables, the natural size of
the largest being considered sufficiently clear, and exaggeration mis
leading. The approximate date of plate made between the latter part of the
sixteenth century and the latter part of the seventeenth, marked only
with the maker's mark, may in many cases be ascertained by indenti-
fying the marks with those found by the author on fully marked pieces
and represented in these tables. The author has seen very many
examples of the above period thus deficient in hall marks, and has
suggested an explanation in Chapters II. and V. Many small articles,
such as very slender tea spoons, caddy and salt spoons, snuff spoons,
pierced sugar-tongs, and small toys of the i8th century, wUl also be

76

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

found marked only with the Hon passant and maker's mark. The
approximate date of these objects may be ascertained by identifying the
maker's mark with one in the foUowing tables, which wiU probably fix
the date within about 20 years.
The description of the makers' marks ^'^ names of the makers,
and of the article (and its owner) from which the marks have been
obtained, will be found set forth in the chapter following these tables.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

Examples of the Leopard's Head Mark found on Plate of a
Date anterior to 1478.
(The Ascribed Dates are Approximate.)

Date.

Mark.

Article and Owner.

1400 1450

s

Spoon with " dyamond poynt " at end of stem :
Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
„ „ „ Lord Hylton.
: Mr. J. H. Walter.

The marks illustrated below are somewhat anomalous. The leopard's
head crowned and letter B in a circle appear to be London marks of
1479-80, although they differ somewhat from the marks on the Nettle
combe chalice of that year.

Date.

Marks.

Article and Owner.

1479-80
[probably]

m ©

Pre-Reformation Paten: Hartshorne, Derbyshire.

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

11

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

CYCLE I.
three stamps .IS below.

EDW. IV
1478-9
1479-80 1480-1
1481-2 1482-3
RICH. III.
1483-41484-S HEN. VII.
1485-6 1486-7 1487-81488-91489-90

1491-2
1492-3 1493-4
1494-51495-6
1496-71497-8

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED,

DATE
LETTER.

t§

H)

IBIB
<D

IIIAKER'9 HARK.

Q

IT
<£3

€)

CYCLE II.
three stamps as below.

1498-9

HEN. VIIL
1509-10 610-1
5I1-2 512-3513-4 514-5
515-6
816-7
1517-8

LEOPJIBD'B HEAD
CROWNED,

DATE
LETTER.

15
I?

85

HAKER'8 HARK.

SS

©

®

4-

®^

8i0
9

78

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

CYCLE III.
three stamps as below.

1518-9
1519-20 1520-11521-2
1522-31523-41524-5
1525-61526-7

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED.

1529-30
1530-1
1531-21S32-3
1533-4
1834-6
1635-61836-7
1637-8

DATE
LETTER,

&
IB
(S
11
®
B
II!
mI?

MAKER'S MASK,

(SS

WW

5?

WO®

ig

CYCLE IV.
three stamps till 1544, four stamps
thenceforward.

1839-40
1640-11541-2
1542-3
1843-41844-51546-6
1546-7
EDW. VI.
1647-8 1848-9
1649-60 1650-1

MARY.
1553-4
1684-6 1588-61686-7
1687-8

LEOPARD'6 HEAD
CROWNED.

<i W
B
(St
IS£
Hi
m SI
(D® I?
BL

Lion
TASSANT. FROK1844.

IDAKER'S UARK.

s?

^^

100
0^

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

79

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
CYCLE V.
four stamps as below.

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED,

EUZ.
1558-9

1861-2 1562-31563-41564-6

1566-7 1567-8
1568-91669-70 1870-11671-21572-3
1573-4
1874-51575-6
1876-7 1677-8

DATE
LETTER,

5

0

LION
PASSANT,

UAKER'S HARK.

Q)^ (§5 SPSS
meat) ' ^ " jB^
© 1^8 ® ^
era .¦¦. c".n -A. stag's fel
f CD 53 0 ,1 ,1

OEE'IIV

8o

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
CYCLE VI.
four stamps as below.

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED,

1578-9 1579-80

1582-3 1883-4
1584-51585-6 1586-7
1587-8 1588-9
1689-90 1590-1
1591-2 1592-31593-4 1594-5

1897-1

DATE
LETTER,

9

LION
PASSANT,

MAKER'S HARK.

l0@@

1151

iS8 Q ^
® © O ® ^

00
1586
©<8I

C33 1(31 <ii

I5S6 rsU ISM

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
CYCLE VII.
four stamps as below.

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED

1602-3 JAS, I.
1603-4 1604-5

1607-81608-9
1609-10 1610-1
1611-2 1612-3
1613-4 1614-5
1615-6 1616-7 1617-8

DATE
LETTER

ID Q

LION
PASSANT

MAKER'S HARK

^ tS ($1 i^ Ig Eg)
!§L ' @ .' Igl !^
(^ {$t ^ )2r f (^ i^ §g

1607

82

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
CYCLE VIII.
four stamps as below.

t-5
CHAS. I.

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED.

621-!

DATE
LETTER.

5!
m 0

^
0
I?0'

MAKER'S HARK.

» T I ¦ 1 1

if ^
1617^

J^ ® # O @ " l|
liI$2^<^^@lSl@

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

83

1639-40 1640-1 1641-21642-3
1643-4 1644-1
1645-1

COMWTH. 1649-80

1681-:
1662-3
1653-41654-6
1655-6 1686-7
1687-8

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
CYCLE IX,
four stamps as below.

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED,

DATE
LETTER,

5P

IP

@ @
^@

@^^

LION
PASSANT.

MAKER'S MARK.

®@

84

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

CYCLE X.
four stamps as below.

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED.

CHAS. II,
0-1 1-2
2-33-4 4-8
6-6 6-7

669-70
6701
671-2672-3
673-4
674-8
678-6
676-7
677-8

vm.

0

@

MAKERS MARK.

p !^ 1^ !^ GB |^@^@<^(^

m^^^^^ w^®'^

©Pi#<^<9t$@Pf¥i

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

85

1-2!-3i-41-8
JAS. II.

WM.&MV.

WM.III.

Ul 1%
IMS, TO
MEN. 27,
1697.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
CYCLE XI.
four stamps as below.

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED.

DATE
LETTER.

0 9
61
6)@(9

LION
PASSANT.

@

86

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
CYCLE XII.
four stamps as below.

HCH. 27
70
any 29,

1698-9 j699 1700
1700-1

ANNE,
1702-3

1704-S

1709-10171011 1711-2
1712-31713-4 GEO, I.
1714-5

LION'S
: HEAD
R.£ RASED.

0
i

^ ^

^^ ^

e

e

^^1 @gi]^<:^^<^@s@i#
© @d S 13S fg! S S @ @ #sz!@»i^(P@
e^e^dl)^ ^Q^@(§if a{i!S3<»(3iG^i&
Tables of Marks on London Plate.

87

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

CYCLE XIII.
four stamps as below.

BRIT
ANNIA.

1716-7 1717-81718-91719-20

I72I-: 1722-3
mu
1724-6
1725-61726-7GEO. II,

1729-30
1730-1 173J-2
1732-31733-4 1734-5 1735-6

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED

0
I I

0
9

LION'S HEAD
ERASED.

@

O

E^ i^ E& f^ a0(^®@^® ©^S)!i®i
a> GE @ iD f ^ E]C3§Egli^^l[g3S)^S
© i^ E3 DXa si) (^ ^^^4> g® ©® ®
A S3 £&) ^ ^ ^ ^ OS G3 S OD @ 03 {^^^

I ^ fi] @ ^ @ ^ ^ S^li C$ (^ (£C](g)^[

88

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

\^'ith respect to the observations on page 51 ante, concerning the resemblance
of some of the London Hall-marks of the period 1720-9 to others of the period
1680-97, complete sets of marks of 1692-3, 1722-3 and 1726-7, are, for comparison,
here interposed ; and to show the resemblance of the date-letter of 1738-9 to that
of 1718-9 a set of marks of 1738-9 is added :—
(Supplementary Table XIILa. )

Date.

1692-3

1722-3

1726-7

1738-9

Marks.

63© f
SS ® @
@ a @
^ ® 0

Maker's Name,

{Not identified)

John Penfold (probably)

Benjamin Pyne

James Gould

Articles and Owners.

Caster : Mr. W. W. Simpson.

Porringer : Mr. Crichton.

Great Mace : Westminster.

Pair of Candlesticks :
Mr. F. W. Kell.

The leopard's head and lion-passant of 1722-3 are remarkably like those of
1692-3, and the corresponding marks of 1726-7 resemble others of 1680-9, whilst
the makers' marks of 1722-3 and 1726-7 are identical with those used by the
respective makers before the Britannia standard for plate was instituted in 1697.
In the marks of 1738-9 the old form of lion-passant is continued, but the leopard's
head differs from every example of that mark of earlier date than 1720. The
date-letter, however, is a Roman C, indistinguishable (except by the very
slight truncation of the corners of its shield) from that of 1718-9. The possibility
of mistaking the letter of 1738-9 for that of 1718-9 and vice versa may be pre
vented by remembering that the operation of the Act of 1719 (6 Geo. I., c. 11.),
which restored the old standard for plate, was prescribed to take effect as from
the ist June 1720, ••¦¦ and that as the new standard was in force exclusively in
17 18-9 the letter for that year is accompanied by the lion's head erased and figure
of Britannia. From 1720 goldsmiths have had the option of manufacturing plate
of either the old or new standard.

" The exact date when the letter D of 1719-20 was last used does not appear to be recorded,
nor is the day stated when the use of the leopard's head and lion-passant was in fact resumed, but as
these three marks are found together on plate, and as makers' marks for the restored old standard
were entered in every month of the year 1720, from January to May, it seems that the use of the
leopard's head and lion-passant must have been resumed in 1720 before the ist June, otherwise
the use of the date-letter D of 1719-20 must have been continued in 1720, after the 29th May,
the customary date for changing the letter. In view of the number of entries of old standard marks
in the month of January 1720, the former alternative appears the more probable.

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

89

MARKS ON LONDON PL.'VTE.

CYCLE Xl\',
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW.

LEOPARD'B HEAD
CROWNED,

1738-9
•1739-40^ 1740-1 1741-21742-3
1743-4
1744-5 1745-61746-7
1747-8 1748-9
1749-501750-1 1751-2
1752-31753-4
1754-5
1755-6

0
a9
@ 8
6

^ ^ S @ ® E& !^ BSi^g#£ IP® 01

\nsn

SE

(^

Gli

OB

@^ i§s ^ @9 i^ ^^^^ BD BE] (& Ega (39^

g^ faa ^ ^ £ss @ ^ £^ GSE c& ssa OQ i^t®

(23 C%S (^ Q^ # ^ ^ [Sp^ 0@ E^ (S
^GDii5ai©iaa^^S3©®@gg^g
j§) ^ sse a3# ifeQa©©(^g|g^GaaA
90

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

GEO, III.
1760-1

1762-3 1763-41764-5
1765-6
1766-7 1767-8 1768-9
1769-70 1770-1 1771-2

1774-1

LEOPARD'B HEAD
CBOWNED.

IS)

LION
PASSANT,

CYCLE XV,
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW.

ISD

(SD &^ CZ9 mi M ^^ ^^
EIB £ (SD ^ ££^<& S^ SSS^ 03
^ ^ C^ [SB^^@DgiiESI]E^S
JBi? ® E^ ^ ^ SB S9 S& (^ E£S SIS
09 (^ SS SSI} fMW^^

^^m^mmmmm^m

CQ
ura

^ Qi9 ESS EZ9 03 E59 Q3 QQ ESi

[s,iEQ4^^EEs OS SS sa oaa

OS saa E3i GSB @ ES3 ® GS saasafs

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

91

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

CYCLE XVI.
FOUR STAMPS TILL 1784, FIVE STAMPS THENCEFORWARD.
LEOPARD'S
HEAD
CROWNED
DATE
LETTER
LION
PA3SANT
MAKER'S MARK,
1776-7
W
@
@
S0{ISE33^@a9§(^g
1777-8
M
Q
• t
QQ EB ^ E£Ii ^ K^ E^@9S
1778-9
t 1
(9
tl
^CSSffl^SES^il
1779-80
It
0
»»
CSiBffl^^l^
era
{39
1780-1
*»
@
»t
^®E5a@ffl^BaDH3
S3
Ei3
1781-2
M
G
t»
CSSdS^cscssgSgg
1782-3
t »
®
»I
m S2S @S|||<iIDBSi](i: 'E
1783-4
»1
@
»»
KINO'B UEAD.
WUl -raa
1784-5
M
0
t«
i
EaiGE^^BSSSeSQ
Si
1786-6
It
Q
» t ¦
t»
C23 0£iC£IE£i®a3ES
E3
1786-7
1 1
Q
)t
©
^t?gamiMfaqf«n»pTOCgg
1787-8
tt
GD
» »
»»
@S^CS3i£Sl
1788-9
t t
S
T 1
»»
rai QSQ3@BQiaCsiiDQB
1789-90
tt
S
* 9
» t
^"^gGSmciSEsa
1790-1
t 1
@
»1
t»
^^©SsacssHa
1791-2
41
@
tt
tt
©CaDC^flS^^EZiES
1792-3
J»
Q
»»
»»
fBSODEia^^ESESfll
1793-4
»»
@
»t
tt
^OZIGSgi^^^
1794-5
1»
Q
M
t>
C23 Q9 @2SBa3E@PE3£>
1795-6
»»
CD
»t
tt
EOcnsffigiciBsulinD
Tables of Marks on London Plate.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

CYCLE XVII.

I

'IVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

LEOPARD'S HEAD
CROWNED.
DATE
LETTER
LION
PASBANT.
KING'B HEAD.
MAKER'S MARK.
1796-7
®
0
m
©
idv^SniH
1797-8
tt
@
»t
tt
m^^m
1798-9
It
@
It
1 1
\mn^(BM^^
1799
tl
ID
tt
• t
G29^SE3Gi?(^ES^
lOUu
1800-1
tt
m
»t
tt
6@Pc!d18S
1801-2
tt
9
It
tt
ssSBlili
1802-3
tt
@
1 1
1 1
Eisa -MM
1803-4
It
m
1 1
tt
f^GOP^CfiOS
1804-8
t 1
Q
tt
t »
@29C^tflijC!3
1805-6
It
0
1 1
tl
0B^€@
1806-7
tt
9
tt
1 1
^^Essafs^s^?
1807-8
»»
GO
1 1
tt
g " @9b«H
1808-9
tt
S)
1 1
1 1
^@li<@a3
1809-10
tl
^
1 1
»»
(•lii^c^EZJ
1810-1
tt
0)
»t
t »
egifpn
1811-2
II
®
1 1
It
ODp \:Mvm
1812-3
t *
0
J t
»l
esiB^^
1813-4
t 1
@
1 1
1 1
OS '> GIS EE3S
1814-5
It
Q
1 1
It
SD " €^C9B
1815-6
tl
QP
tt
tt
@ -mm
¦¦¦•¦ In 1798 the Stat. 38 Geo, III, c. 69, authorised a ne-w gold standard of 18 carats fine, and
provided that it should be marked with a crown and 18 in place of the lion passant. Up to this
time gold and silver of the old standard had been marked alike. Gold of the old standard
(22 carats) continued to be marked with the same marks as silver of the old standard until 1844, when
a crown and 22 were substituted for the litm passant, for the purpose of distinguishing it from silver-
gilt. t In 1804-5, 1808-9, and one or two other years the duty mark has been found in a trefoil shaped
stamp. It has also been found in the oval stamp in the same years.
Tables of Marks on London Plate.

93

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

CYCLE :

\N\\\.

FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

LEOPARD'S HEAD
DATE
LETTER.
LION
PASSANT,
KING'S HEAD.
MAKER'S HARK.
1816-7
w
@J
©
§
6P
1817-8
1 1
0)
»t
»t
w^asA^
1818-9
tl
@
tt
ft
[i«aE3a
1819-20
tt
0
It
It
c^ii^Eaa
8E0. IV.
1820-1
1 1
@
II
0
<9D^
1821-2
©
Q
m
»t
^ms^
1822-3
11
@
tt
tt
C^k^kl!^
1823-4
It
fa
t 1
tt
<r^raipjT)fTs
1824-5
t»
Q
? t
t »
^^cao
1825-6
tt
Q
tt
.<
oajf^Gs
1826-7
It
Q
II
1 1
^#;vi^nTa
1827-8
M
m
11
tt
OQE^eid
1828-9
»l
Q
It
It
C75>
1829-30
tt
®
It
1 1
C3S
WKI. IV.
1830-1
? »
6
It
M
(9^ ESI
1831-2
tt
0
•t
©
irtil
1832-3
ft
Q
* t
1 1
CSP
1833-4
t •
@
Jt
t 1
(D^S
1834-6
It
Q
1 \
t *
KA04Q9
1835-6
tt
(0
i\
II
(39M«ll>l|||
94

Tables of Marks on London Plate.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

CYCLE XIX.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

LEOPARD' HEAD

i DATE LION KING'S MAKER'S
LETTER. PASSANT HEAD. MARK.

1836-7 VICT.

1839-401840-1 1841-21842-3
1843-4 1844-51845-61846-7

o s

a

@

i

i

E2S GS

(S0

BH3 EISD

iTT5?HTS

G33
nWaa

SIS

(31

09

(ED

CYCLE XX.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

LEOPARDS DATE LION OUEEN'8 MAKER'S
HEAD LETTER. PASSANT HEAD MARK.

1856-7

1860-1 1861-2
1862-3 1863-4
1864-8 1865-6
1866-7 1867-81868-9
1869-701870-1 1871-2
1872-3 1873-4
1874-51876-6

Q 8Q0
@ @ 0
0) Q
09 G Q Q
@ 0
In 1844 it was enacted that 22 carat gold should be stamped with a crown and 22 instead of
the lion passant, and that the, lion passant should not thereafter be stamped on any
f In 1854 the lower standards of 15, 12, and 9 carats for gold were authorised
G
0©
(S9
OH
&
with the figures 15 '625, 12 '5, and 9 -375, but not with the crown or sovereign's head.
gold. they are marked
Tables of Marks on London Plate.

95

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.

CYCLE XXI.
FIVE STAMPS TILL iSqO, THENCEFORWARD
FOUR ONLY.

CYCLE XXII.
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW.

LEOPARD'B DATE LION QUEBN'S MAKER'S
HEAD LETTER, PASSAHT, UEAD, MARK.

1876-7 ^

PQ

iS(

'B&

1877-8 .

©

ty •!

1878-9 .

¦ ^

" ®

1879-80 .

OJ

9D

1880-1 .

©

ih^ft^
1881-2 •
n
" QIP
1882-3 .
' ®
If
1883-4 •
g)
• ' ^f
1884-5 -
0
" m^
1885-6 -
s$
1886-7
»
• » It
1887-8
. ^
11 1 1
1888-9 •
SJ
fM9
1889-90
• QJ
•' ^3>
1890-1 .
©
«•
1891-2 .
®
»*
1892-3 .
®
^^
1893-4 '
©
^
1894-5 '
' ^
Ea3
1895-6 .
(9
ES
1-1
EDW. VII,
1-22-3
3-4
4-65-66-7
'8-9 9-10 0-1
914-6
915-6
@
Q
ran
96

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

CHAPTER VIIL

LONDON GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF GOLDSMITHS' MARKS FOUND ON
PLATE ASSAYED AT GOLDSMITHS' HALL LONDON,
[FROM A.D. 1479 TO A.D. 1903]
The Marks on such Plate having been used in constructing the Preceding Tables.

Some of the Makers' Marks repeated in the preceding tables appear but once in this list, and
many discovered after the tables were compiled will be found only in the following pages:—

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1479-80

h

A jug.*

Chalice and paten : Nettlecombe, Somerset.

1481-2

Q

A fetter lock.

The " Anathema " cup : Pembroke College, Camb.

1488-9

Q^

A key.

f Spoon with " wrythen " knop : Stanyforth
Collection.

1490-1

IT

?

Apostle spoon.

1491-2

£=»

A fish.

Paten : Stow Longa, Kimbolton, Hunts.

1493-4

w

A horse shoe.

Large rose-water dish : CC. College, Oxford.

1494-5

<©

A bird's head.

Chalice and paten : Clifford Chambers, Gloucester
shire.

1496-7

A>

A leaf slipped. 1

Paten : Childrey, Wantage, Berks.

"

D

A jug, as in 1479.

Chalice : Dean Darby of Chester.

»)

^

¦>

Beaker with farrier's nails ; Mr, J. Holmes, Paisley.

1498-q

^

M W in monogram.

Pair of chalices : Brasenose College, Oxford.

7499-1500

®

S "W „

The Leigh cup : Mercers' Company, London.

* This mark is certainly not a dimidiated fleur-de-lys as represented in several editions of
" Old English Plate."
t Mr. Cripps ("Old English Plate"), placed this spoon at 1528 ; it is clearly 1488-9.
I The maker's mark on the Paten of 1496-7 at Costessy, Norf., is not distinguishable. It is
more probably a fish as 1491-2 than a pod with peas in it.

London Goldsmiths Marks.

97

Date.

1 500- 1
1504-5 1506-7 1507-8

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1508-91509-101510-1

1511-2 1512-3 1514-5

0

C9

®

1515-6 1516-7 1517-81518-9 1519-20

0 @Q
€7

A covered jar?
k horse ?
A cross pattee,
A trellis.
A fleur-de-lys.
A maidenhead.
A fish, as 1491.
An incuse cross.
Two links.
A flower.
A lamb's head.
A foot print.
k barrel or tun.
Orb and cross,
Gemini. A leaf.
\ gate ?
Do.
Jack in the green :
A heart.
A sheep.
Two links.
D?
A scorpion ?
A fringed S.

Articles and Owners,

Font-shaped cup : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
Paten : Happisborough, near Norwich,
Bishop Fox's spoons with owls at the ends :
CC. Coll., Oxford.
Foot of chalice : St. Martin's, Ludgate Hill, London.
Bishop Fox's gold chalice and paten : CC, Coll.,
Oxford.
Chalice and paten : West Drayton, Middlesex,
Hour glass salt, and the Foundress' beaker : Christ's
CoU,, Camb.
Mazer : Whitgift Foundation, Croydon.
Paten : Great Hockham, Thetford, Norfolk.'-'
Mazer ; Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart,
Rim of mazer : Franks Collection, British Museum.
Communion cup ; Chewton Mendip, near Bath.
Font-shaped communion cup : Wymeswold,
Leicestershire.
Large rose-water dish (with spout) : CC Coll.,
Oxford,
Paten: Heworth, Durham.
Paten : Orcheston, St. Mary, Devizes.
Apostle spoon (St, John) : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Apostle spoon : Stanyforth Collection,
Oueen Katherine's (of Aragon) covered cup;
CC Coll., Oxford.
Bishop Fox's spoons with balls at the ends :
CC Coll., Oxford.
Paten, with vernicle within sixfoil : Stanyforth
Collection.
Chalice: St. Mary's R.C Church, Leyland,
Lancashire.
Small alms-dish : St. Mary's, Woolnoth, Lombard
Street, E.C
The "Hamsterley '¦ paten: Durham Cathedral
Library.
Eleven .Apostle spoons from the Bernal Collection :
Stanvforth Collection,

*- Lord Hylton has a spoon (with angular knop) of 1509-10 ; the "-^kerjj J/'J\Set ^also
as figured at 1516. Archbishop Parker's apostle spoon of 1515 at CC College, Cambridge, a^so
has this maker's mark. 7

98

London Goldsyniths Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1520-1

(B

A crescent enclosing a
mullet.

Covered cup, w-ith scale ornamentation : Christ's
College, Cambridge.

1521-3

0

An escallop.

Font-shaped cup, from Dunn-Gardner Collection :
Mr. J. Holmes, Paisley.

"

e

Hand grasping ragged
staff.

Mazer, with enamelled rose • C C College,
Cambridge.

'.

IS)

Two links.

Chalice and paten : Jurby, Isle of Man,

'

0

A sun.

Maidenhead spoon : The ."Author's Collection.

15^2-j

0

A short sword.

Hour-glass salt : Ironmongers' Company, London.

1523-4

?

A sceptre ?

Paten : Beachamwell, Swaffham, Norfolk.

"

0

A sun, as 1521.

Spoon slipped in the stalk : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

1524-5

0

An orb and cross.

Alms - dish (from St. Michael's, Crooked Lane) :
St. Magnus, London Bridge.

"

K)

A heart, as 1516.

Six Apostle spoons : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

1525-5

«

Implements crossed.

Mount of ivory cup : The Duke of Norfolk.

)>

?

k sceptre? see 1523.

Chalice : Wylye, Wilts.

..

C^

Sc?

Shallow Tudor bowl : Dunn-Gardner Collection,

"

0

f A heart, see 1516.

The " Pudsey " spoon : Mayer Museum, Liverpool,
The " Bodkin " cup : Portsmouth Corporation.

1527-8

B

A maid's head.

Chalice and paten : Trinity College, Oxford.

"

©

A fringed S, as 15 19.

Eight Apostle spoons : The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.

"

@

An eagle displayed.

Maidenhead spoon : Mr. Crichton,

"

^

T, incuse, charged with
3 pellets.

Chalice and paten : South Kensington Museum.

1528-9

(^

Crescent enclosing
mullet.

Tazza : Rochester Cathedral.

"

@

Orb and cross between
IC

The " St. Nicholas " spoon from the Dunn-Gardner
Collection.

"

A fringed S, as 1527.

Apostle spoon (St. Thomas) : British Museum.

1529-30

Orb and cross between
I C, as 1528.

Standing mazer : All Souls' College, Oxford.

1530-1

P

A fringed S, as 1519.

Apostle spoon : Stanyforth Collection.

London Goldsmiths Marks.

99

Date.

1531-

1532-3

1533-4

1534-5

1535-6

Goldsmiths' Marks,

1536-7
1537-8
1538-9
1539-40
1 540- 1
1541-2

^

(3

(g %

^

A coronet.
Orb and cross between
I C, as 1528.
A hanap.
A hand erect.
.An arbalist ?
Rose and crown.
T W.
Double-headed arrow.
k basket.
A fringed S, as 1519.
A pair of compasses.
A negro's head.

An eagle displayed.
A hand grasping a
hammer between H C.
A sheaf of arrows.

T W, as 1533.
A fringed S, as 1519.
A pheon ?
A fringed S, as 1519.
A spray of lea\-es.
A pheon ? as 1538.
A fringed S, as 1519.

Articles and Owners.

Cover of a cup : CC College, Cambridge.
Apostle spoon (St. James the Greater) : Mr. Dobson.
Cover of tazza : Rochester Cathedral.
The " Narford " mazer : Franks Collection, British
Museum.
Two-handled vase with cover : CC College,
Oxford.
Apostle spoon": Stanyforth Collection.
Paten : St. Edmund's, Salisbury.
The " Tokerys " mazer : Rev. T. W. Braikenridge.

Fine Apostle spoon (St, Bartholomew) : The
Author's Collection.
Apostle spoon (St. Thomas) : Holburne Museum.

Spoon with " dyamond point ' Mr, J. H. Walter,
Drayton, Norfolk.
Communion cup : St. Finn Barre's Cathedral,
Cork.

The " Boleyn " communion cup : Cirencester Church.
Maidenhead spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Communion cup (from All Hallows the Great) :
St. Michael's, E.C.
Set of twelve Apostle spoons and Master : Messrs.
Christie, 16-7-03.
Chalice : Sturrninster Marshall, Dorset.

.Apostle spoons : Stanyforth Collection and
Holburne Museum.
Spoon with crocketed finial : Mr. Brand.

Apostle spoon (St. Julian) : Innholders' Company,
London.

Communion cup : St. Olave's, Gatcombe, Isle of
Wight.
Maidenhead spoon : The late Mr. W. Old, Hereford.

Spoon with wrythen knop : Mr. J. H. Walter.

¦"¦ Mr. Cripps (" Old English Plate ") placed this mark at 1493 ; the crown on leopard's head
proves it to be later than 1515.

lOO

London Goldsmiths Marks.

Date.

1543-41544-5
1545-6

1546-7 1548-9
1549-50

1550-11551-2

1552-31553-41554-5
1555-61556-7

Goldsmiths' Marks,

®

0

§5
CD

«f

Orb and cross incuse.
A fringed S, as 1519.
Do. do.
A queen's head.
N B in monogram
(Nicholas Bartlemew).
A head erased.
A fleur-de-lys.
A covered cup.
Crescent lines.
F B.
R D in monogram
(Robert Danbe).
C A in monogram.
A high boot.
A hand under a coronet.
Crescent enclosing mul
let.
-A K conjoined.
Stag's head caboshed.
T L in monogram.
Robert Danbe, as 1549.
As 1551.
As 1552.
1 F.
T L, as 1554,
Stag's head, as 1551.
W.

Articles and Owners.

Standing cup, with statuette on cover : St. Peter
Mancroft, Norwich.
Apostle spoon (St, James the Greater) : The Author's
Collection.
Seal-top spoon (first appearance of lion passant) :
The .Author's Collection.
.Archbishop Parker's ewer and salver : C C College,
Cambridge.
Apostle spoon: Mr. H. D. EUis.

Communion cup : St, Margaret Pattens, London,
Mount of crystal jug, with arms of Oueen Katherine
Parr, from the Strawberry Hill Col. . Mrs. Dent,
Large communion cup: St. La-wrence, Jewry, London.
Mount of glass jug : F' ranks Coll., British Museum.
("Com. cup and cover : St. James, Garlickhithe, E,C..
(Do. do. . St. Mildred, Bread Street, E.C,
Communion cup : St. Peter-on-Cornhill, London,
Mount of stoneware jug : F' ranks Collection, British
Museum.
Communion cup : Bridekirk, Cumberland.
Do. do. : Hunstanton, Norfolk,
Spoon with ornamental finial : The .Author's Coll.
Communion cup : Totnes, Devon.
Do. do, : St. Margaret's, Westminster,
Do. do, : St. James, Garlickhithe, London.
The "Wm. Bisby cup: .Armourers' Company,
London.
Maidenhead spoon : The Author's Collection.
f Cylindrical salt, with statuette on cover : C. C
l College, Oxford.
Apostle spoon: Mr, H. D. Ellis.
Two-handled cup: C C Coll., Cambridge,
Archdeacon Wright's jug : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bt.
Alms-dish : St. George's Chapel, Windsor.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

lOI

Date,

1557-S

155S-9

1559-bo

1560- I

is6i-2

1562-3

E3
^

Goldsmiths' M.vrks

W over a crescent,
.\ rose (Henry Gillard).
C -\ in monogram.

o
®

^ ^ ®

@

2^

H W,
.A lamp.
-A bird's claw, see 1565.
A mullet.
.A fleur-de-lys,
C C linked.
SK.

.Articles and Owners,

[I

Star in crescent,
A bird,
P C
A star radiant
Crossed compasses with
in a radiant circle.
.A fleur-de-lys.
(Wm. Dyxson)
R B.
f Three mullets over a )
( crescent (R. Durrant) J
SR,
Sun in splendour,
R M,
W C over a pig.
A wallet hook pale\yise
on a cross bendwise
N S in monogram.
(Nicholas Sutton)

Communion cup and cover : Waterbeach,
Cambridgeshire,
Communion cup : St, .Michael-le-Belfry, A'ork.
Mount of stoneware jug from Dunn-Gardner
Collection : Sir S. Montagu, Bart.
Communion cup and paten cover : St. ^'edast,
London.
Communion cup and paten cover : St. Mary-le-
Bow, Cheapside, E.C.
Apostle spoon : Messrs. Christie ; also (1560) lion
sejant spoon : Mr, H. D. Ellis.
Communion cup : St, Dunstan, Stepney.
Do. do. : St. Stephen, Walbrook.
Do. do, : St. Peter ad Vincula, Tower
of London.
Mount of stoneware jug from Temple-Frere
Collection.
Com. cup : St. Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge,
Seal-top spoon : The Author's Collection.
Communion cup : Christchurch, London, E.C.
Do, do. : Beeford, Yorks.
Do. do. : St, Lawrence, Jewry, London.
Apostle spoon : Innholders' Company, London.
Mount of horn jug : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
Communion cup: St. Mary Magdalen, North
Oakenden, Essex.
Tazza-shaped cup : Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup : Ashby de la Zouch, Leicester
shire.
Communion cup : Buckhorn Weston, Dorset.
Cup with hemispherical bowl on short stem :
Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup : Headcorn, Kent.
Mounts of stoneware jug : The Author's Collection.
Standing cup and cover : Armourers' Company,
London.

-*¦ Date-letter without shield. The second and third examples tor the year 1560-1 have the date-
letter within an angular shield.

lo:

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1562-3

1563-4

1564-5

1565-6

Goldsmiths' Marks.

t

15

JSP

R D in monogram, see
1549 (Robert Danbe).
An eagle displayed
(Fras. Jackson).
Crescent enclosing
mullet.
Eagle's ? head between
I C
A fleur-de-lys incuse.

A hand grasping a cross,
A holly leaf incuse.
3 mullets over a crescent
as 1561.
IP,
H W, as 1559,
A bird,
W in radiant circle.
.A spur.
R D (Robt. Danbe) as
1549-
A hand grasping a
branch .
A fleur-de-lys, as 1561.
IC.
A horse's head couped
(Robert Medley?)
I S in monogram.
A bird's claw, see 1559.

Articles and Owners.

As 1562.
A bird's claw
(damaged)? see 1559.
H W, as 1559.
RK.

Standing salt : CC. Coll., Cambridge.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.

Seal-top and maidenhead spoons : the Author's
Collection.
Communion cup: St. Mary, Hadley Monken,
Middlesex.
Communion cup: St. Olave, Old Jewry, London.

Communion cup and paten cover : Christchurch,
London.
Communion paten : St. Stephen, Walbrook, London.
Small standing salt : South Kensington Museum.

Communion paten : St. Helen and St. Giles, Rain-
ham, Essex.
Standing cup (gourd shaped) : Hon. Soc. of Inner
Temple.
Standing cup : Franks Collection, British Museum.

Communion cup : St. Mary Magdalen, East Ham,
Essex.
Communion cup : St. Mary, Dunton, Essex.
Do. do. . St. Andrew, Hornchurch, Essex.

Do. do. : Sherburn Hospital, Durham.
rDo. do. : Alresford, Hants.
¦J Do. do. : Lynn Regis and East Horndon,
(^ Essex.
Communion cup : St. Peter, Little Warley, Essex.
Do. do. : S.S. Peter and Paul, South
Weald, Essex.
Plain cup : Messrs. Dobson.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup : Hawkinge, near Folkstone.
Seal-top spoon : South Kensington Museum.

Conimunion cup and paten : Little Ness, near
Baschurch, Salop.
Seven spoons, with "dyamond poynts": Mercers'
Company, London.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

ID'

Date.

1565-6 1566-7

Goldsmiths' Marks.

.Articles and Owners.

1567-8

1568-9

IS ©

3

?3

1569-70

ES in

A.A.
A star radiant, as 1 561 .
A bird's claw, as 1559.
A campanula.
WH.
A bull's head erased
(Affabel Partridge ?)
A wallet hook.
.A hooded falcon
(Thomas Bampton).
F G in monogram.
,A horse's head couped,
as 1564.
R D (Robert Danbe),
as 1549.
A hand grasping a
hammer.
E R in monogram.
T B in monogram.
A talbot? sejant
(Thos. Conell).
A cock's comb ?
I F, see 1555.
M. A wallet hook.
A bunch of grapes.
F R in monogram.
IH.

A bunch of grapes, see
1568.

Tazza : Mr. J. E. Taylor.
Communion cup: St, .\lban, Wood St., London,
E.C.
Communion cup : St. Lawrence, Jewry, London,
E.C.
Set of Apostle spoons : CC College, Cambridge.
Large seal-top spoon : Mr. Crichton.
Cup on baluster stem : Messrs. Christie.
Communion cups: Goadby and Marwood, Lei
cestershire.
Standing cup, with Arms of HuU : The Author's
Collection.
Set of 12 plates, engraved with the Labours of Her
cules : Messrs. Garrard.
Apostle Spoon (St. Julian) : Innholders' Company,
London.
Communion paten: St. Alban, Wood St., Lon
don, E.C.
The "Thos. Tyndale" flagon : The Armourers'
Company, London.
¦•"Parcel gilt ewer : Corporation ot Guildford.
Cup, with agate bowl : S. Kensington Museum.
Communion cup and paten-cover: Christ's
College, Cambridge.
Communion paten: St. Stephen, Walbrook,
London.
Communion cups : Foxton, Kincote and Goadby,
Leicestershire.
Mount of stoneware jug : Messrs. Spink.
Small cup, with engraved hand : Messrs. Christie.
Standing cup : Exhibited at Burlington House.
The "Florence Caldwell" cup : Armourers' Com
pany, London.
Communion cup and paten-cover : St. Mary - le -
Bow, London.
Tazza-shaped cup : Messrs. Christie.
Standing cup, with statuette on cover : CC Coll.,
Cambridge.

¦ The date-letter on this example has the pellet under the h

I04

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1569-70

s

F, enclosingT, in mono
gram.

Master spoon : Mr. R. Drane.

"

6

A hand grasping ham
mer, see 1567,

Apostle spoon (" St. Gilian") : Innholders' Company,
London.

"

B

Animal's head couped.

Communion cup : Mr. J. Dixon.

"

8

A hooded falcon, as
1567-

Standing salt (see frontispiece) : Vintners' Company,
London,

" ®

R V, a heart beneath.

Low cup on baluster stem : .Mr, W. Boore,

•

®

A bunch of grapes (see
1568).

Tall standing cup : CC Coll., Camb.

1570-1

S3

A millrind.

Communion cup : Stow Longa, Hunts.

"

5

An orb and cross.

Do. do. : Charminster, Dorset.

"

s

A beaked bassinet.

The " Berry " standing cup and cover : The Author's
Collection.

"

0

A K conjoined, see 1551.

Communion cup : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

"

©

T E 0, in monogram.

Communion cup and paten cover : Walditch, Dorset.

"

«

T H in monogram.

Communion cup : St. Bees, Cumberland.

"

0

.A pair of bellows.

Do. do. : Evershot, Dorset.

J)

CD

H B conjoined.

Do. do. : Mr. W. Boore.

"

(9

M in plain shield.

Paten cover of a cup : St. Augustine, E.C,

"

6

Covered cup
(John Mabbe).

Communion cup : Shapwick, Dorset.

„ \^

IH.

Do, do. : Bulford, Wilts.

157.-2 1 JJ

L reversed.

Do. do. : Caundle Purse, Dorset.

"

9

A bird.

Gilt tankard, given by Archbishop Parker, in 1571 :
CC Coll., Cambridge,

¦ @

A hand grasping a
crosslet.

Plain shallow cup on baluster stem : .Messrs, Spink.

.. ;^

I piercing G,

Communion cup and paten : St. Mildred's, Bread St.,
E.C.

¦•

2

A beaked bassinet, see
1570-

Communion cup and paten: Thorncomb, Dorset -
Isel, Cumb,, &c.

"

0

T G in monogram.

Seal-top spoon : Mr. W. Boore.

"

CO

TL.

Small plain cup : Mr. Theodore Rossi.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

I OS

Date.

Goldsmiths' M.vrks.

1571-

1572-3

1573-4

1574-5

1575-6

a

I

55

@

1576-7

@^

H!)

Lombardic A,
.A B conjoined,
N R conjoined,
.V trefoil,
A trefoil slipped.
H B conjoined, see 1570,
H R.
.A cross couped.
N O in monogram.
I P in shaped shield.
.A beaked helmet, see
1571-
A millrind, as 1570.
.A pelican displayed,
H S in monogram,
(Henry Sutton).
H R conjoined.
Sun in splendour, see
1562.
C P, an axe between.
V S, fleur-de-lys below.
Hand grasping hammer
between H C, see 1535.
R E in Indented border.
W M in monogram.
.V millrind, as 1570.
A pair of bellows, as
1570.
t b.

.VRnCLES A\n Ow.^EKS.
Communion cup : Nethercompton, Dorset,
Do, do, : Yetminster, Dorset.
Beaker: St. Giles, Cripplegate, London, E.C
Gilt tazza: Christ's College, Cambridge.
Baluster-top spoon : Mr. H, D, EUis.
Comrauniori paten : Northleach, Gloucestershire.
Mount of stone-ware jug ; South Kensington Museum.
Seal-top spoon : The Author's Collection.
Mount of horn cup : St. Giles, Cripplegate, London.
Communion cup and cover : Risca, Mon.
Do. do. do. A'arlington, Somerset.
Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company, London.
Standing salt : Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup Fifehead Magdalen, Dorset.
Small tankard : Burlington House Exhibition.
Two Apostle spoons (St. Mathew and St. .Andrew) :
Messrs. Christie.
Tankard : .Ashmolean .Museum, Oxford.
Communion cup : Messrs. Crichton.
Gilt tankard : Mr. Morgan S. Williams, St. Donat's
Castle.
Communion paten : Trinity College, DubUn.
Communion cup and paten : Preston, near Ciren
cester, Glos'.
Seal-top spoon : .Armourers' Company.
Communion cup : Malmesbury, Wilts.

Do.

do. Sutton-Mandeville, Wilts.

io6

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1576-7

Goldsmiths' Marks,

1577-8

1578-9

1579-80

0

i5
Q

IP

.A fox sejant
(John Foxe),
R H in monogram,
.A caltrap,
.A bouget,
.An arrow piercing H.
W C over a grass
hopper.-"
A snail.
t b, see 1576,
-A mullet between a pair
of compasses,
.A branch,
S E in monogram.
AH.WH.
A bird in shaped shield,
see 1571.
R P, crescent below.
t b, see 1576.
S on a cross.
A windmill.
(Robert Wright).
P G in monogram.
C B in monogram.
An escallop.
Hand grasping hammer
between H C, as 1535.
SB.
Sun in splendour.
A four petalled rose
seeded.

-Articles .and Owners.

Communion cup : Magor, Mon.
.A pair of communion flagons : Cirencester.
Communion cup : Wishford, Wilts.
Do. do. : Ashmore, Dorset.

Communion cups : W. Grinstead and S, Newton,
Wilts.
Mounts of stoneware jug : S. Kensington Museum.

Communion cup : Chilmark, Wilts.
Do. do. , Teffont Ewyas, Wilts.
Do. do. -n-ith statuette on cover : St.
Mabyn, Cornwall,
Small standing salt : South Kensington Museum.
Communion plate : Baschurch, Salop.
Communion cup and cover : Limpley Stoke near
Bath.
Cup on baluster stem : Messrs. Crichton.
Standing salt with crystal cylinder : Mr. J.
Holmes, Paisley.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. W. Boore.
Communion cup : Messrs. Christie.
Tazza-shaped cup : South Kensington Museum.
Communion cup : St. Mary, New Romney, Kent.
Bowl of mazer : Armourers' Company, London.
Mounts of stoneware jug : Mr. S. Phillips.
Seal-top spoon : The Author's Collection.
Tazza : H.R.H. The Duke of Cambridge.
The "Chapman" cup : Armourers' Company, London.
Mount of stoneware jug : Mr. J. Dixon.
Communion cup : Messrs. Christie.

® Probably the mark of WilUam Cater.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

107

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

.Articles and Owners.

1581-2

#

Tudor rose.

Communion cup : Exton, Rutland.

>'

*

Fleur-de-lys incuse.

Mount of stoneware jug : West Mailing.

"

(tj

t b, as 1576.

Communion cup: Fugglestone, Wilts.

"

©

H W, rose below.

Do. do. : West Dean, Wilts.

"

op

R W.

Do. do. : Watermillock, Cumb., and
Grimston, Leic.

"

©

B R in monogram.

Stoneware jug : B.F,.A. Club Exhibition, 1901.

1582-3

Ql

I F, see 156S.

Tazza : Portsmouth Corporation.

"

0

Small letter b ?

Communion cup : Messrs. Phillips and Neale.

1583-4

©

R S, fleur-de-lys below.

¦•"Silver-gilt ewer : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

"

a

.A banner bendwise.

Pair of communion flagons : St. Margaret's,
Westminster.

)i

m

I F, see 1555.

Seal-top spoon : Holburne Museum.

"

m

IH.

Silver-gilt communion cup : Gray's Inn Chapel.

1584-5

G3 0

A crown.

Mount of stoneware jug ¦ Franks Collection,
British Museum.

"

Mullet and pellet.

Seal-top spoons : Armourers' Company, London.

¦•

9

Mullet and annulet.

Apostle spoons : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.

"

ggj

R W, as 1581.

Tazza : Mr. W. Boore.

1585-6

3

A caltrap, as 1576.

Mazer : The Rev. H. F. St. John, Leominster,

"

P

An escallop.

The " Joan Doxie " Standing Cup : Armourers'
Company, London.

)»

n

Three trefoils voided.

Mounts of Chinese pot, with spout and handle :
South Kensington Museum.

1586-7

@

A newt on a tun (for
Newton),

Communion cup and cover : Stanford, nr. Hythe,
Kent.

"

©

A crescent enclosingW.

Seal-top spoon : .Armourers' Company, London.

..

ly

T, over a crescent.

Do. do. : do. do. do.

))

B

T, within a bordure.

Large standing salt : South Kensington Museum.

ti5'87-8

@

D or I D in monogram.

Communion cup and paten : St. Mary-at-Hill,
London, E.C.

¦¦

&

A chanticleer.

Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.

'¦¦' This ewer has the dale-letter " F " reversed.
-j- An additional maker's mark, consisting of crossed implements in a shaped shield, occurs on an
Apostle spoon of 1587-8 acquired by the Author on the eve of going to press. The mark will be
found illustrated in fac simile in the index at the end of the book.

io8

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1587-8

15K8-9

Goldsmiths' Marks.

0

1589-90

1 590- 1

1591-2

1592-3

1593-4

1594-5

0
cs

.Articles and Owners.

©P

^3

igi

I N in monogram.
T S over a double-
headed eagle.
C B in monogram, see
1578-
I S in monogram, see
1578.
W over a rose.
R F.
W S over a rosette.
D, as in 1582.
M (line across).
IM. H L conjoined.
P W over I N.
A crescent enclosing a
mullet.
A heart over two clubs
in saltire,
R M.
T F.
T S o\er a double-
headed eagle, as 1587.
N R conjoined,
TF.
I G in monogram.
A crescent enclosing W.
R W.
I G, as 1592-3.
D, as 1587.
I M over a billet.

Tazza on baluster stem : Sir Samuel Montagu,
Bart.
Pair ot silver gilt flagons : St. Mary, Woolnoth,
London.
Mounts of stoneware jug: Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Cylindrical standing salt : Armourers' Company.
Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company.
Seal-top spoon : The .Author's Collection.
Do. do. Do. do.
Tazza-shaped paten : St. Botolph, .Aldgate, E.C.
Beaker : Mr. Alfred Trapnell.
Communion tankard : Fugglestone, St. Peter's,Wilts.
/-Standing cup on bal. stem : Stanyforth Coll.
\ Mounts of stone-ware jug, no date-letter : The
( Author's Collection.
The " Lee " cup : Portsmouth Corporation.
Seal-top spoons : Armourers' Company.
Gourd-shaped standing cup : St. Magnus, London
Bridge.
The "Offley" rose-water dish: Merchant Taylors'
Company, London.
Communion cup : St. Mary's, Monmouth.
Tankard with raised bands and engraved ornamen
tation : Sir S. Montagu, Bart.
Parcel gilt beaker : St. Giles, Cripplegate, London,
E.C.
Cup on baluster stem : Messrs. Christie.
The "Essex" cup : The V.C of Cambridge University,
Spoon, with lion sejant top : The Author's Collec
tion,
Mounts of ostrich egg cup : CC. CoU,, Cambridge,
Communion cup and paten : Christ Church,
London, E,C.
Communion paten : St. Olave, Old Jewry, London,
E.C.
I Communion FTagon : Westwell, Kent. This gold
smith's mark occurs also on the mounts of a
three-handled stoneware vase without hall
marks, dated 1594, in the Author's Collection.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

109

D.VTE.

1594-5

1595 6

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1596-7

1597-8

1598-9

0

0

^

.An anchor.
T H, a rose above and
below.

W H, a rose in base.
A crescent enclosing a
mullet, see 1590.
1 H.
T N in monogram.
G S, mullet below.
I B, rose in base.
T N, rose in base.
C B in monogram.
G A, pheon in base.
Sun in splendour.
Mullet over annulet,
see 1584.
T. H B conjoined.
I H over a bear passant.
I D over a hart lodged.
I B, badge above,
R B, mullet below.'"
I B, bow in chief.
T F.
Cross couped.
Crescent enclosing W,
see 1592.
Branch between R.P.
ER.

-Articles and Owners.

Massive baluster-top spoon: The -Author's Collection.
Communion cup : St. Botolph, Aldgate, London,
E.C.

Low cup, on baluster stem : Messrs. Christie.
Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company, London.
Mount of mazer : South Kensington Museum.
Seal-top -spoon : Mr. H. D. EUis.
Communion cup and paten cover : St. Martin,
Ruislip, Middlesex.
Ewer and salver : Bristol Corporation.
Rose-water salver : Windsor Castle.

Communion cup : S.S. Peter and Paul, Chingford,
Essex.
Small cup : Messrs. Christie.

Small plain cup, on baluster stem : The Author's
Collection.
Maidenhead spoon : Messrs. Christie.

Parcel gilt communion cup : Leigh, Wilts.
j Com. paten : All Hallows, Lombard Street, E.C
( Mount of Rhodian-ware jug : Franks Collection.
Small communion flagon : Christ's Coll., Cam
bridge.
Beaker, with handle and added cover : St. Giles,
Cripplegate, E.C.
Standing salt : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Rose-water dish : Merchant Taylors' Company.
Small cup, baluster stem : Bateman Collection.
Standing cup, on baluster stem : Armourers' Com
pany, Lcmdon.
Seal-top spoon: St. Mary, Ealing.
Spoon, sUpped in the stalk : Mr. R. Drane.
Communion paten : St. Dunstan-in-the-West,
London, E.G.
Communion cup : Llanfyllin, N. Wales.
Mount of coker-nut cup : Burlingtg)n House Exhi
bition.

Probablv the mark of Robert Brocklesby.

I IO

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

15991600

^

RC.

The " Grace Gwalter'' cup : Innholders' Company,
London.

"

0

A squirrel.

Large gilt communion cups : St. Mary Abbot,
Kensington.

"

ly

I B, rosette below.

Large communion cup : Whitgift Foundation,
Croydon.

"

9

T, see 1596.

Bell-shaped salt : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

"

e

An anchor, see 1594.

Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company.

"

@

A branch.

Communion plate : St. Dunstan-in-the-West,
London.

'.

^

S 0, a roundlet below.

Fine ewer and salver : The Earl of Ancaster.

"

Dove, holding olive
branch.

Apostle spoon (St. Peter) : Mr. W. Boore.

1600-1

©

H D, rosette below.

Cup on baluster stem : Whitgift Foundation,
Croydon.

"

\s

A cock, see 1587.

Cover of communion cup : St. Margaret, Pattens,
London.

••

^

C B in monogram, see
1595-

Standing cup : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.

"

^

M in plain shield.

Small cup on foot : Messrs. Christie.

"

e

Three trefoils slipped,
see 1585.

Small beaker : do. do.
and (1601-2) standing salt: Goldsmiths' Co.

1601-2

Q

b, see 1582.

Engraved beaker : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

??

Cross couped, as 1598.

Baluster-top spoon : The Author's CoUection.

••

@

Two crescents.

Small cup : Messrs. Spink.

"

^

A merchant's mark.

Cup : Soc. Antiq. Exhibit; 3.\soC'^'^\ small cup:
Armourers' Company. ^looo

"

0

-A wine skin tied at the
neck.

Communion cup : Holy Trinity, A'ork.

1602-3

9

T S in monogram.
An animal's head erased
between W I.

Beaker: Mr, Burnet; also (1600-1) standing salt :
Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Communion cup : Ellel, Lancashire.

"

@

A harp, between L M.

Silver-gilt tankard : Guildford Corporation.

¦•

i)

D enclosing C

Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company.

"

^

M W in monogram.

Standing cup : Messrs. Christie.

"

®

T S, over an Imperial
eagle, see 1587.

Parcel gilt beaker : St. Giles, Cripplegate.

"

®

T W in monogram.

Communion cup : Penmark, Glamorgan.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

1 1 1

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

-Articles and Owners.

1602-3

m

A B conjoined, see 1571.

Standing cup, " ex dono Champerdown " : C C
College, Cambridge.

"

s

b, see 1582.

BeU salt : Trinity House, Hull.

1603-4

\k.

I G, annulet below.

Cup dated 1640: Hedon Corporation.

))

®

C I in monogram.

Small tazza-shaped cup, reticulated bowl : Sir Samuel
Montagu, Bart.

"

©

-A T, tun below.

Small shallow bowl : Lacock, Wilts.

"

9

Three gouttees.

Cup : Franks CoUection, British Museum.

"

^

I B, fleur-de-lys below.

Standing cup : Hedon Corporation.

'•

g

-A bird over H I.

Cup embossed with escallops : St. Alban's Corpn.

))

A

.A triangle intersected.

Embossed cup : Messrs. Christie.

1604-5

y

WI, as 1602.

Standing cup made from the Great Seal of Ireland :
Dunn-Gardner Collection.

•¦

©

AB conjoined, as 1602.

Pair of beakers : Mercers' Company, London.

,,

531

WI.

Plain cup on baluster stem : Messrs. Christie.

»

t&

I A.

Standing cup : Westminster Corporation.

"

UP

IE.

Tazza : Mr. W. Boore ; also (1599) Communion cup :
Charing, Kent.

'•

0

M B conjoined, a bUlet
below.

Small bowl: Messrs. Christie; also (1607-8) Paten:
Chelmorton.

1605-6

Ig!

H M conjoined.

Communion paten : St. James', Garlickhithe.

"

¦ A B, as 1602.
\ I A, as 1604.

Beaker : Mercers' Company.
TaU flagon : All Hallows, Lombard Street, E,C.

"

@

Crescent circling W, see
1598.

Seal-top spoon : British Museum,

'.

@

G.

The " Cockayne " cups : Skinners' Company, London.

J,

R W, rosette below.

Rose-water dish : Clothworkers' Company, London,

1606-7

F T in monogram
(F. Terry).

The " Watt Briant " cup : Portsmouth Corporation,

J,

!!S!

R W.«-

(Ewer and salver: Sidney Sussex Coll, Cambridge,
\ Communion cup : St, .-Vlban, Wood Street, E,C.

"

®

T R in monogram over
W.

Conimunion cup (cover dated 1607) : Crowmarsh,
Oxfordshire.

))

Orb and cross.

Communion cup : St. Mary, Willesden.

))

L B, rosette above and
below

Small tazza, baluster stem : Franks Collection,
British Museum.

» Probably the mark of Sir Ralph Warren, Knight and Alderman.

I 12

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date,

1606-7

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1607-8

ibo«-g

1609-10

@

RS.

m

F S, star below.

m

H B.

0D^

T H, bugle below.

w

A collar and jewel ?

0

Crescent enclosing I.

jg

C enclosing W,

@

T W in monogram.

15

R S.

®

I S, crescent under line
in base.

©

Crescent enclosing sal
tire.

t»?

T C

0

A fruit slipped.

a

F W in monogram.
A B, as 1602.

@

T A, mullet below.

^

W R.

©

SO.

@

IK.

0

A helm, see 1573.

1:^

N R over a head couped.

"p

A cross within a bordure

®

C enclosing I, see 1607,

tJJ

E W.

®

Crescent enclosing
saltire, see 1607

©

Staves in saltire, be
tween B T

Articles and Owners.

rSmall tazza : HuU Corporation.
jCom. paten : St. Alban, Wood Street, E.C.
Beaker: Messrs. Christie ; also (1608-9) Communion
cup : Stickney, Lines.
Tazza : Holburne Museum.
Communion flagon: Holy Trinity, Hull.
Communion cup and paten-cover: Hendon, Middlesex.
Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company, London.
Apostle spoon (St. Simon Zelotes) : The Author's
Collection.
Standing cup, repousse with marine monsters: CC
College, Cambridge.
Small cup : Messrs. Christie.
Alms-dish : St. Peter-le-Poor, London, E.C.
Seal-top spoons : Armourers' Company, London.
Standing cup and cover : Trinity HaU, Cambridge.
Cup, indented lozenge ornamentation, baluster stem :
St. Alban's Corporation.
Seal-top spoon : British Museum,
Silver gilt wine cup : The .Author's Collection.
Communion paten : All Hallows the Great, London.
The " John Maxfield" cup : Armourers' Company.
( Pair of tall flagons : All Hallows the Great, London.
1 Do. do. : B.N. CoUege Chapel, Oxford.
The " Sampson Leycroft" cup : Armourers' Company.
Seal-top spoons : Armourers' Company.
Beaker : St. Giles, Cripplegate, London.
The " Bonnor " cup : Portsmouth Corporation.
Apostle spoon : Holburne Museum.
Slender wine cup, baluster stem : Sir Samuel
Montagu, Bart,
Apostle spoon : Innholders Company,

Mounts of ostrich egg cup : Franks Collection,
British Museum.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

113

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1609-10

^

A growing plant.

"

©

F S in monogram.

"

55

W.

i6io-ii

#

1 W in monogram
Qohn Wardlaw ?)

"

ts

TP.

"

s

T I, star below.

"

@

T, over crescent.

..

^

E M in monogram.

"

0

HB.

"

$

TC.

n

SiS

T A, star above.

"

©

H S, gerbe in base.

"

!3

L M in monogram.

1611-12

g>

D Y in monogram.

))

s#

Key between W C

"

^

T B in monogram.

"

®

F W in monogram.

„

^

Two clubs in saltire.

»

(p

IT.

"

®

Crescent enclosing W,
see 1598 and 1605.

1612-13

©

A B conjoined, as 1602,

))

®

R B.

j>

©

NR.

))

c^

Key between W C

))

n

F S in monogram, see
1609.

Articles and Owners.

Bell-shaped salt : Mr. J. Dixon.
Communion cup : St. Botolph, Aldgate.
Do. do. : St. Mary, Aldermary.
"Communion cups, dated 1644: Canongate Church,
Edinburgh.
Communion cup and cover : The Author's Collection.
Toilet box : Messrs. G.
Seal-top christening spoon, inscribed " Margaret
Austen, borne ye nth day of September 1610 " :
The Author's Collection.
Seal-top spoons : Armourers' Company.
Beaker : Mr. Alfred Trapnell.
Standing cup and cover : St. Mary, Hadley Monken,
Middlesex.
Communion cup : Priors Marston, Warwickshire.
Plain cup, baluster stem : St. Alban's Corporation.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Tall standing cup : S. Kensington Museum.
Communion cup : Hartshorne.

Set of three standing cups with steeple top covers :
Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
Communion cup with steeple top cover • Burford,
St. -Martin, Wilts.
Apostle spoon : Messrs. Crichton.
The " John Foster " standing cup : Armourers'
Company.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. R. Drane.

Tall standing cup with short steeple over arches on
cover : The Author's Collection.
Communion cup : AU Hallows, Lombard Street.
Communion cups : St. Giles', Cripplegate, London.
Do. do. : Nethercome, Dorset.
Do. do. : St. Peter, Southgate, Norwich.

¦¦¦¦ These examples are cited in error in " Old English Plate " as being of the year 1643.

114

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date,

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1612-3

ffi

WR.

Wine taster : Messrs. Christie.

)>

©

T H in monogram.

Small wine cup : Messrs. Spink.

"

a

A pair of compasses.

Maidenhead spoon : Messrs. Crichton.

1613-4

t$

T C between pellets.

Tall communion cup, with pyramidal steeple on
cover : Holm Cultram, Cumb.

"

IJS

M H conjoined.

Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company.

"

Sj?

W L conjoined.

Do. do. : Do. do.

"

5J

N.

Two tankard-shaped flagons : St. Mary Woolnoth,
Lombard Street.

'•

fg)

H B conjoined, star be-
low.--

Tall flagon : All Hallows, Lombard Street.

"

@

RS.

The " Edmonds " cup : Carpenter's Company, Lon
don.

J>

t

I M, a bow between.

BeU salt : Holburne Museum.

1614-5

03

RB.

Cylindrical standing salt : Innholders' Company.

It

l!!H

RC.

Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company.

"

m

B F, a trefoil in base.f

Small cup : Messrs. Christie ; also (1635) patens :
Christ's Coll., Camb.

"

i

I M and F B.

Tall communion cup, steeple cover : Odcombe,
Somerset.

"

@

S 0, mullet below.

Covered cup : Messrs. Christie.

1615-6

Ip

C R, key between.

Communion cup : Cumrew, Cumberland.

•>

^

I R, bow beneath.

Do. do. : St. Sampson, Cricklade, Wilts.

"

5J5

M H conjoined, as 1613,

Seal-top spoon : Holburne Museum.

"

0

H S, star below.

Wine cup, octagonal bowl : Armourers' Company.

"

0

I S in monogram.

Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company.

"

$

Anchor in shaped shield,
see 1594.

Apostle spoon : Messrs. Christie.

"

^

T F, a dragon between.

Pair of communion flagons : St. Stephen, Walbrook,

)t

c

An escallop

Slender wine cup : HuU Corporation.

I616-7

!^

I A.

Communion flagon : St. Giles, York.

))

9§

RN.

Standing cup, repousse and chased with dolphins
and marine monsters: The Author's CoU'n.

"

I P over a bell.

Two communion patens : Christchurch, London, E.C.

* Probably the Mark of H. Babington.

f Probably the Mark of Benjamin Francis.

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

115

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1616-7

1617-8

1618-9

1$
-ii

^

0

1619-20

I A, pellet below.
-A phoenix incuse.
R over W.
R C, pheon below.
E enclosing C
A trefoil within a
bordure.
F G in monogram.
I V, star below.
R S, heart below.
I C, rose below.
R P, mullet below.
An arrow between W C
IF. T H in monogram.
A tree between C C.
IP,asi6i6.
WR, as 1608.
Crescent enclosing
mullet, see 1594.
C enclosing I, see 1609.
R C, mullet below.
R W, rose below.
An arrow between W C,
as 1617.
RC. IS.
T E in monogram.

Two communion flagons : St. Giles Ch., Edinburgh.
Small bell salt : South Kensington Museum.
Standing cup, "ex dono Johnson": CC Coll.,
Cambridge.
Communion flagon : St. John the Evangelist,
Stanmore, Middlesex.
Apostle spoon : Mr. R. Drane.
f Rose-water dish : Holburne Museum.
I Standing cup : St. John's Coll., Cambridge.
Tall standing cup : Trinity House, Hull.
Ewer and salver : Norwich Corporation.
Pair of communion flagons : Christchurch, London,
E.C.
Thistle-shaped cup on baluster stem : Sir Samuel
Montagu, Bart.
Communion paten : Christchurch, London, E.C.
Rose-water ewer : Windsor Castle.
Three spoons with lion sejant tops : British Museum.
Communion cup ; St. Giles, London, E.C.
Pair of communion flagons: St. Mildred's, Bread
Street, E.C.
Tankard with raised bands : Sir Samuel Montagu,
Bart.
Tankard with raised bands : Norwich Corporation.
Apostle spoon : Holburne Museum.
Seal-top spoon : The Author's Collection.
Pair of communion flagons : St. Andrew-by-the-
Wardrobe, London, E.C.
The " Northampton ¦ salt : Mercers' Company.
Pair of communion flagons: St. Dunstan-in-the-
West.
Seal-top spoon : Holburne Museum.
Communion cup, steeple top : Ambleside, Westmor.
The " Ridge " cup : Portsmouth Corporation.

ii6

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1619-20

e

A B, roundlet below.

Silver gilt communion flagon, chased with marine
monsters : St. Mary Abbots, Kensington.

"

m

R K, rose below.

Spoon with " dyamond poynt " : Mercers' Company.

)>

m

RG.

Apostle spoon : Messrs. Christie.

1620-1

^

I C, mullet below.

Communion cup and paten : St. Michael Avery,
Essex.

"

®

I I, mullet below.

Small cup : Messrs. Christie.

"

m

I S, rose below.

Apostle spoon : The Author's Collection.

"

^

A I over W T.

Communion cup and paten : St. Peter-le-Poor,
London, E.C.

1621-2

i^

E L, fleur-de-lys below.

Tankard: Messrs. Christie.

»

9

Small italic a.

Apostle spoon : Mr. R. Drane.

"

CD

H T in monogram.

Seal-top spoon : The Author's CoUection.

"

Ig

T B in monogram with
in a bordure.

Pair of small maces : Mr. S. Phillips.

"

^

R over W.

Small tazza : HuU Corporation.

1622-3

w

R D, crescent below.

Small cup : Messrs. Christie.

"

Wi

ER.

Seal-top spoon : The Author's CoUection.

"

ID

Crescent and mullet.

Apostle spoon (St. John) : The Author's Collection.

"

-A Hover WW, as 1626.

Communion cup : Chillingham, Northumb.

))

H T in monogram, as
1621.

Small cup : Hull Corporation.

"

^

I F crowned.

Sweetmeat dish : Messrs. Christie.

1623-4

0

A trefoil slipped.

Mounts of ostrich egg cup : Sir Samuel Montagu,
Bart.

>•

w

W C, mullet below.

Communion cup and paten cover : St, Mary-Ie-Bow,
London.

"

^

I M, mullet below.

Communion cup and paten cover : St. Marv, Haves.
Middlesex. ^

))

©

R C, pheon below, as
1616.

Communion cup and paten cover : St. Margaret's,
Westminster.

"

@

E H, pellet above and
below.

Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.

-

1^

R S, a heart below.

SUver-gUt tankard : St. Swithin's, London.

1624-5

^

A mullet over an
escaUop.

Communion flagons : St. Mary, Hornsey.

"

0

A flower slipped.

Apostle spoon (St. Philip) : The Author's Collection.

>)

?

A in a lozenge.

Communion cup and paten : All Hallows, Lombard
Street.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

117

Date.

1624-5

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1625-6 { ^

1626-7

1627-8

1628-9

3
«®3

J in a wreath.
B Y, a gate below
(Benj. Yate.)
1 E, a billet below.
I V, a star below.
H S, mullet below.
S over W.
H S, star below.
WS.TB. CB.
P H in monogram,
annulet below.
A tree.
H S, star below.
H B conjoined, as 161 3
R B, mullet below.
A H over W W.
B Y, see 1624
(Benj. Yate).
S over W,' see 1625.
R I, mullet below.
W S linked
(Wm. Shute).
TB.
T E, fleur-de-lys in base,
J in wreath, as 1624.
T V, star below.
R M, heart below.

Articles and Owners.

Cup on baluster stem : Mr. W. Boore.
Seal-top spoon : Exhibited Soc. Antiq.
The " Moray " cup : Portsmouth Corporation.
Tall covered cup in Dutch style : Sir S. Montagu, Bt.
Slender wine cup : Messrs. Christie.
Communion paten : St. Magnus, London Bridge.
Communion flagon : St. Alban's, Wood Street, E.C.
Do. do. : St. Peter-upon-CornhiU, E.C.
Communion cup and cover : St. Alban's, Wood
Street, E.C.
SmaU tazza : Messrs. Christie.
Large communion flagons : Christ's Coll., Cambridge.
Cylindrical salt, steeple cover : Sir S. Montagu, Bt.
Pair of standing salts : Innholders' Company.
Communion cup " given 1626 ": St. Mary, Woolnoth.
Two communion cups and patens : St. Katherine,
Creechurch, London.
Small dish, punched ornament : Messrs. Christie.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Alms-dish and pair of flagons : St. Dunstan's-in-the-
East, London.
Three Apostle spoons : Innholders' Company.
Communion flagons : All Hallows, Barking.
Seal-top spoon : Armourers' Company.
Spoon slipped in the stalk : S. Kensington Museum.
Communion cup : Berners Rooding, Essex.
Cup on baluster stem : Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup and paten "given 1628": Spald-
wick, Huntingdon.

ii8

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1628-9

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1629-30

1630-1

1631-2

o

0

6

Articles and Owners.

An escallop, see 1615.
D crossed by a bow
sinister wise ?
A pegasus ?
B Y, gate in base, as
1626, for B. Yate.
Bow & arrow between
W S. (Walter Shute?)
Anchor between D G.
R B, mullet below.
B P, mullet below.
R C, pheon below, in
dotted border.
fC C, as 1617.
tw S, as 1628-9.
IT.
G G, rose above, round-
let below.
W over M
(W. Maunday).
R S, heart below.
A bolt.
I M, a bear below.
I A, mullet below.
W C, mullet below.
R S, star below.
R S, heart below.
T B in monogram.
H M, rose belo-vi'.
W C, heart below.
DW.
W R, arch above, pellet
below.

Tail communion flagon : St. Margaret, Lothbury.
Apostle spoon (St. James the less): The .Author's
collection.
Beaker : Mr. Alfred Trapnell.
Apostle spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Com. paten : St. Mary, Abchurch, London.
Do. do. : St. Lawrence, Jewry, London.
Do. do. : St. Michael, Bassetshaw, London.
Tall covered cup, pyramidal spire : St. John, Hamp
stead.
Cup on stem : Messrs. Christie.
Communion flagons : Exeter Cathedral.
Paten : St. Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London.
Communion cup : St. Mary, Harefield.
Plain cup on baluster stem : Messrs. Christie.
Tail cup on baluster stem : Mr. J. Dixon.
Sweetmeat dish, punched ornament : Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup and paten : Exton, near Oakham.
Do. do. ; St. Alban's, Wood Street, London.
Communion flagon : St. Augustine's, London.
Two communion flagons : St. Stephen's, Coleman
Street, E.C.
Communion cup : St. Vedast, London, E.C.
Do. do. : Packington, Leicestershire.
Communion flagon : Exton Church, near Oakham.
J Communion cup: St. Dunstan, Stepney.
(Communion paten: Wootton Bassett, Wilts.
Communion cup : St. Mary, Aldermary, London.
Small cup on tall stem : Hull Corporation.
Tankard : Messrs. Christie.
Sweetmeat dish : Messrs. Christie.
Com. paten,-' dated 1631 : St. Augustine's, E.C.

'¦ Maker's mark only on this paten.

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

119

Date. 1631-2 1632-3

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners,

1633-4

1634-5

1635-6

0

ID

©
^

© B

O

1^ s

^^K
^

i5

(^

An orb and star.
P B between crescents.
T E, mullet below.
D enclosing C, see 1602.
I M, bird below.
Owl holding mouse.
C B in monogram.
I G over a covered cup,
I H between pellets.
I B, a buckle below
(J. Buckle?)
W over M (W. Maundy),
Walter Shute, as 1628.
An escallop, as 1628.
E S in dotted circle.
H B conjoined, a sun
above, see 1626.
R S, mullet above and
below.
W over M, see 1633.
P G, rose below.
R W, between mullet
and pellets.
D W, a mullet below.
R C, a rosette below.
P B between two cres
cents.
F.
L I, flower below.
R S under sun in splen
dour.
An escallop, as 1633.
RH.

Small cup : Messrs. Christie.
Communion paten : St. Pancras Old Church, London.
Apostle spoon (St. James the less) : Messrs. Christie.
Do. do. (St. Julian) : Innholders' Company.
Communion cups : Shorncote, Wilts ; and St. James',
Dover.
Small cup on tall stem : Messrs. G.
Two wine cups : Armourers' Company.
Two communion cups : St. Mary and St. Lawrence,
Great Waltham.
Cup on baluster stem : Messrs. Spink.
Pair of communion flagons : St. Lawrence, Jewry,
E.C.
Small circular dish : Messrs. Spink.
Alms-dish : All Hallows, Barking.
Standing cup : The Author's Collection.
Communion flagon : St. Mary, Harrow.
Communion cup : St. Stephen, Walbrook.
Communion flagon : St. Martin-in-the-Fields.
Sweetmeat dish : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
Communion cup : St. Dunstan-in-the-West, E.C.
Do. do. : Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts.
Plain cup on baluster stem : The Author's Collection,
Apostle spoons : Captain Preston.
Plain cup on baluste'r stem : Messrs. Christie.
Alms-dish, "ex dono Bainbrigge" : Christ's College
Cambridge.
Wine cup, with baluster stem : Barber Surgeons'
Company.
Salver on foot : Mr. W. Lane, Mount Vernon.
Communion flagons : St. Olave, Old Jewry, E.C.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Dobson.

120

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

1635-6

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1636-7

1637-8

«09

^ ©@
®

XT

Articles and Owners.

©

1638-9

@ ^ I^ ^

R S between a mullet
and a heart.
E C in dotted circle.
I B, buckle below, as
1633.
E R in rayed shield.

H M conjoined.
B B crowned, six pellets
below.
Owl holding mouse, see
1632.
R W, mullet below.
G M, bird below, in
dotted border.
R W between mullets
in lozenge.
I over W between three
mullets.
R over W.
R H between pellets.
B F (Benj. Francis ?).
C R in monogram.
A star over an orb, see
1631,
R B over an escallop.
R M, rose below.
R C, as 1634.
A pillar between G S.
G D, mullet and pellets
below (Geo. Day ?).
W C, heart below.
W M, pellets above and
below.
R G, heart below.
R A, quatrefoil below.
I H in circle.

Small salver on foot : Messrs. G.
Communion flagon : St. Mathew, Bethnal Green.
Communion paten : St. Mary, Bromley-by-Bow.
Spoon slipped in the stalk : Messrs. Crichton.
Plain cup, baluster stem : Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup : Snareston, Leicestershire.
Do. do. : Llangadwalader, N. Wales.
Do. do. : St. John, HiUingdon, Middlesex.
Do. do. : Feltham, near Leatherhead.
Communion paten : St. Mary, Islington.
Cup, granulated bowl : Queen's College, Cambridge.
The " Compton " standing cup : Do. do. do.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. H. Davison.
Small salver on foot : Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup : Down Parish Church.
Communion flagon, " given 1638 " • Walpole
St. Peter.
Wine taster or sweetmeat dish : Messrs. Christie.
Ewer and salver : Portsmouth Corporation.
Master spoon : The Author's Collection.
Paten : Exton Church, near Oakham.
Communion cup : Holy Trinity, Mmories, London.
Cup, baluster stem : South Kensington Museum.
Communion flagons : St. Augustine's and St. Mary,
Aldermary.
Small cup, baluster stem : S. Kensington Museum.
Do. do. do. : Barber Surgeon's Company.
Spoon slipped in the stalk : The Author's Collection,

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

121

Date.

1638-9

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1639-40

I 640- I

9

&

Articles and Owners.

1641-2

15}

H L conjoined.
SV (Stephen Venables).
RC.
F C in monogram.
W M, mullet and two
pellets below.
I G, mullet below.
F C between mullets.
F, as 1635.
RR.
B E crowned.
IH.
WS linked, as 1627.
C P, rose below.
T P in shaped shield.
H B conjoined, see 1613.
T b in monogram, bird
below.
B F, pellet below.
I M, bear below, as 1630.
IB.R P, mullet below.
R W, mullet above.
H B conjoined, see 1639
W W in monogram.
WC.WM.
T H conjoined.

Spoon slipped in the stalk : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Do. di). do. : Mr. A. D. George.
Large seal-top spoon : St. Lawrence, Jewry.
Large circular salt : Mercers' Company.
Communion cup : Great Greentord, Middlesex.
Communion cup and 2 patens : St. Mary, Harrow.
Bleeding basin : South Kensington Museum.
Communion paten : Steepleton Iworne, Dorset.
Small circular sweetmeat dish : Messrs. Dobson.
Massive seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.
(With reversed a for date-letter) Wine cup : Barber
Surgeons' Company.
(With reversed a for date-letter) Wine cup : Barber
Surgeons' Company.
The "Richard Reeve" salt: Innholders' Company.
Apostle spoon (St. Mathias) : The -Author's CoU'n.
f Small trencher salt : South Kensington Museum.
( Do. do. do, : Christ's Hospital.
Communion cup, flagon and paten : St. Mary, Acton,
Apostle spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Pair of communion flagons : St. Ives, Cornwall.
Six wine cups (shallow bowls, baluster stems) :
Armourers' Company.
Communion cup : Winterborne, Carne, Dorset.
Communion flagon : St. Augustine, City of London.
Two communion flagons : Great Greentord,
Middlesex.
Small cup, baluster stem : Mr. H. Davison.
Communion paten : St. John's, Hampstead.
Communion flagon : St. Magnus, London Bridge.
Spoon slipped in the stalk : Submitted to the Author.

122

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1641-2

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1642-3

1643-4

1644-5 1645-6 n
1646-7

1647-8

5!

IF.

E I.

Articles and Owners.

m

<^

<0(J)
(5

O M, pheon below.
T H, fleur-de-lys above
and below.
I I, mullet below.
W C, heart below.
I T, pellet below.
T over M
(Thomas Maundy.'")
I W, tun below.
F. R S between mullets.
R C, 3 pellets above,
star below.
W S, mullet below.
R K, mullet below.
I W, as 1642-3.
TT (indistinct marks).
T M, see 1641.
B B.
D W, mullet below.
TG.
N W, cinquefoil below
(Nicholas WoUaston ?)
I L, pellet below.
C O (Cardinal Orme ?)
A F (Ant. Ficketts ?)
I A.
R V
(Richard Vaughan ?)

Apostle spoon (St. Andrew) : Messrs. Christie.
Do. do. (St. Jude) : British Museum.
Plain cup : Messrs. Spink ; also communion cups of
1638-9 : St. Mary, Lambeth.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
Do. do. : St. John's, Hackney.
Plain cup, baluster stem : Armourers' Company.
Cup with added spout and handle: Holburne
Museum.
Sweetmeat dish : Mr. Shaw Smith.
Cup, "The gift ot CoU. Matth. Alured to the
Corporation of Hedon, 1658 " : Hedon, Aorks.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Crichton.
Small dish or taster : Messrs. Christie.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. Simmonds.
Shallow lobed bowl : Messrs. Spink.
Toilet box : Mr. Dobree.
Paten on foot : Gillingham, Dorset.
Apostle spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Small circular dish : Messrs. Christie.
Paten cover ot com. cup : Snareston-cum-Swepston.
(Communion flagon : St. Mary, Aldermary.
(Do. paten : St. Vedast, E.C.
f Com. cup inscribed I'The gift of Captayne John Poyer
< Governor of the Towne of Pembroke to the Parish Church of
f, St, Marye in Pembrokeshire, A.D. 1645."
Communion cup : Redcombe, Gloucester.

Seal-top spoon : Mr. R. Drane.
Do. do. • The Author's Collection.
Standing cup, steeple cover : Vintners' Company.
Mace : Evesham Corporation.
Small sweetmeat dish, punched ornament : Messrs.
Christie.

" This mark appears on the Leicester mace made by Thos. Maundy in 1649-50, and the accounts,
together with Maundy's letters respecting the making of it, are preserved in the Leicester archives.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

12-

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1647-8

^

W M, see 1641.

Large-alms dish : St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, E.C

"

^

S A in monogram.

Small wine cup : Messrs. Debenham.

1648-9

(9

I I, pellet below.

Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.

"

0

I H in monogram.

Communion cup, " The gift of Robert Jenner, 1648," :
Marston-Me)'sey, Glos.

"

m

I G, escallop below.

Plain cup : Mansion House, York.

-•

^

B E, see 1644.

Small punched saucer : Messrs. Christie.

1649-50

®

Hound sejant.

Twelve-sided silver-gilt cup, caryatid handles : Sir
S. Montagu, Bt.

"

0

M, star below.

Communion cup : St. Margaret Pattens, E.C.

)'

(SP

C T, two pellets above.

Communion tankard : St, Dunstan's Crawford,
Middlesex.

1'

3

A bird.

Small cup : Col. Harvey, Norwich.

I 650- I

M

-A M-" in monogram.

( Two alms dishes : St. Vedast, London ;
( also Standing cup : Coach Makers' Company.

..

02?

IW.

Communion cup : St. Tudy, Cornwall.

"

^

H G, between mullets
and pellets.

Cup, granulated bowl, baluster stem : Mercers'
Company.

"

<g>

I G, crescent below.

Squat cup, baluster stem, spreading foot : Messrs.
Spink.

1651-2

S5

Cock on reversed C
S V, see 1638
(Stephen Venables ?)

Communion cup : Brokenborough, Malmesbury,
Wilts.
Puritan spoon : South Kensington Museum.

,,

^

I T between 3 pellets.

Tankard, spreading base : Messrs. Christie.

„

IE)

I R, cinquefoil below.

Do. • Messrs. Crichton.

1652-3

^

R S between mullets.

Communion cup and paten : St. Clement Danes.

'•

«gp

I B, buckle below, as
1633.

Double salt : Portsmouth Corporation.

"

^

S A in monogram, see
1647.

Communion cup : Messrs. Welby.

,,

(^

R F, mullet below.

Large salt : Trinity House, HuU.

..

^

-A F., see 1646.

Spoon, with horse's hoof at end ot stem : Mr. J. H.
Walter.

1653-4

W H, star above, pel
let in annulet below.

Four plain patens : St, Magnus, London Bridge.

)'

H G between mullets
and pellets
(Henry Greenway ?)

TaU standing cup and cover: Barber Surgeons'
Company.

This is probably the mark of Andrew Mr

124

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1653-4

1654-5

(9

1655-6

(0

@
^ ^

1656-7

®
fs

1657-8

©

C T in monogram.
I V, pellet below.
S V, as 1651.
E D, roundlet below.
W H, as 1653-4.
H G, as 1653-4.
Bendy of five dancette ?
W C, pellets above, star
and pellets below.
I R, crescent above.
D R, pellet above and
below (Daniel Rutty?)
I L in plain shield.
R N between mullets
(Richard Neale?)
T B in monogram, see
1631.
R F between pellets.
R over W.
F W in a circle
(Field Whorwood ?)
I W, tun below.
C S, a sword in pale
(Christopher Shaw?)
E L, escallop below.
G D, mullet and two
pellets below.
W M, as 1647.
B or J B in monogram.
E T, crescent below.
N W, as 1646-7.
T G in dotted oval.
K F, mullet below.

Articles and Owners.

Cup on baluster stem : Messrs. Spink.
Do. do. do. : Messrs. Christie.
Large basting spoon : Holburne Museum.

Low tankard : Messrs. Christie.
Porringer-shaped cup : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
1 Pair of tall standing cups : Barber Surgeons' Company.
\ Tall flagon : St. Magnus, London Bridge.
\ Large cup on baluster stem : Innholders' Company.
Plain cup on baluster stem : The Author's CoUection.

Puritan spoon : The Author's Collection.
Communion cup : Aberavon, Glamorgan.
Do. do. • Navenby, Lincoln.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Crichton.
Low-Iobed bowl : Mr. S. Dean.
I Communion flagon : St. James, Friern Barnet.
\ Flat-top tankard : Mr. Morgan S. Williams.
Plain tankard : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Two communion cups : St. Paul's, Covent Garden.
The " Blacksmiths' " cup : Mr. J. Dixon.
Communion cup : St. Vedast, London, E.C.
Flat-top tankard : Innholders' Company.
Two communion cups : St. Paul's, Hammersmith.
Communion cup : St. Nicholas, Lamdon, Essex.
Plain tankard : Messrs. Christie.
I Do. do. : Do. do.
\ also (of 1655-6) small cup : The Earl of Rosebery.
Beaker : Mr. Alfred Trapnell.
Large beer tankard : Barber Surgeons' Company.
Punched saucer : Messrs. Spink.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

125

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1657-8

s

I H in monogram
between 3 mullets.

Caudle cups with ring handles : Clothworkers'
Company.

)>

$

A F", see 1652.

Two-handled cup : Peterhouse, Cambridge.

"

^

RW.

Plain tankard : Messrs. Christie.

)»

<^

H W, mullet below.

Plain cup on baluster stem : Messrs. Christie.

1658-9

t

H B conjoined, see 1640,
mullet below.

Porringer : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

"

^

W C, rose below.

Large seal-top spoon : The Author's Collection.

"

®

P B, see 1632-3.

The " Edward Osborn " cup : Innholders' Company.

>.

@

lorT.

Apostle spoon : Innholders' Company.

))

i

S V, see 165 1
(Stephen Venables ?)

Do. do. : Do. do.

»

^

G B, flower below.

Two conimunion flagons : St. Peter-le-Poor, E.C.

"

0

S A in monogram, mul
let below, see 1652.

Porringer: Mr. H. D. Ellis.

"

@

F L, bird below.

Caudle cup and cover : Mr. F. H. WoodroEe.

"

i

Crozier between G S.

Porringer or caudle cup : Trinity House, Hull.

1659-60

©

T G in dotted circle.

Loving cup and salver : Evesham Corporation.

"

QP

G S, a bolt in pale, see
1658.

(2nd B) Two-handled cup : South Kensington
Museum.

"

@p

A F, a rose below (Ant.
Ficketts ?) see 1657.

Communion cup : All Saints, Springfield Essex.
Do. do. : Euston.

"

@

T A, mullet and pellets
below.

Caudle cup : Messrs. Christie.

-.

@

I G, crescent below.

Paten on foot : Do.

"

^

M, star below.

Large caudle cup and cover : Mr. S. Phillips.

"

^

I C, mullet below.

Do. do. : Mr. Hutton, B.F.A.
Club Exhibition.

..

^

S V, see 1658.

Puritan spoon : The Author's Collection.

))

@

R D, fleur-de-Iys below.

Two-handled cup and cover : Messrs. Dobson.

1660- I

(5

I G, mullet below.

Communion paten : AU Hallows, Lombard Street,
E.C.

>,

G S, as 1658.

Plain pear-shaped caudle cup : Messrs. Crichton.

"

T over M for Thomas
Maundy, see 1641.

The City Maces : Gloucester Corporation.

126

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1660- I

1661-2

1662-3

^
@
©
® ©
^
^

Ql

^
^

G D, mullet below.
E T, crescent below.
R A, mullet and two
pellets below.
S V, see 1659.
T B in monogram, as
1631.
W M, mullet below.
SV, see 1659.
T D between pellets and
a rose.
R D over I B.
1 1, mullet below.
R N between 2 mullets.
T G, 3 pellets above
and below.
T D between mullets
and pellets.
T A C in monogram.
T T, mullet below.
R N, mullet and two
pellets below.
H N, bird with olive
branch below.
E T, crescent below.
Do. without crescent.
RF.
F" P, quatrefoil below.
WC.
GV.
D R, as 1655.
I N, mullet below.
K S between 2 mullets.
T P between 2 pellets.

Articles and Owners.

Communion flagon : St. Vedast, London, E.C.
Plain tankard : Messrs. Spink.
Communion cup and cover : Christchurch, London,
E.C.
f Apostle spoon : Innholders' Company.
I Seal-top spoons : The Author's Collection.
Communion flagons : St. George's Chapel, Windsor.
Do. do. : St. Mary's, Monmouth.
Seal-top spoons: Mr. M. S. Williams, St. Donat's
Castle, and the Author.
Two communion cups and paten-covers : St.
Margaret's, Westminster.
Two-handled cup and cover : Messrs. Crichton.
Puritan spoon : The -Author's Collection.
Communion flagon : St. Paul, Covent Garden.
Tankard : Messrs. Christie ; and (1660-1) candlesticks :
Christchurch, Oxford.
Puritan spoon : The Author ; and (1662-3) paten :
Chester Cathedral.
Small saucer : Messrs. Spink.
Small saucepan with ivory handle : Messrs. G.
-Altar candlesticks : York Minster.
Small cup on trumpet foot, punched ornaments:
Messrs. Christie.
Small two-handled wine taster : The Author's CoU'n.
Do. do. do. ¦ Do. do.
Plain tankard : Barber Surgeons' Company.
Puritan spoon : The Author's Collection.
Tankard (cut card ornament): Barber Surgeons'
Company.
Caudle cup and cover : Messrs. Christie.
Large alms dish : St. Martin's, Salisbury.
Communion flagon : Chester Cathedral.
Porringer and cover : Mr. F. H. Woodroffe, B.F.A.
Club Exhibition.
Caudle cup and cover : Queen's Coll., Oxford.

London Goldsmiths' Marks

127

Date.

1662-3

1663-4

1664-5

1665-6

Goldsmiths' Marks.

^
^
^ ^

q?

@
@ W @

51

M, as 1659.
W M, pellet above,
mullet below.
I F, fleur-de-lys below.
T K, fleur-de-lys below.
I N, bird below.
E T between mullets
and pellets.
A F, mullet and 2
pellets below.
W N, 4 pellets below.
I G, mullet below.
T K, cinquefoil below,
see 1663.
I S in heart.
C H, billet below.
H N, as 1662.
N B, mullet and 2
pellets below.
I W, woolsack below.
W H, cherub's head
below.
I G, pellet below.
H G between pellets
and a mullet.
F W, a mullet and 2
pellets above & below.
An escallop, a mullet
above, see 1624.
B, 2 mullets over an d i
below.
H I, mullet below, see
1657-
R M, between mullets
and pellets.
H in engrailed shield.
A D conjoined.
T R, crescent above.
P D, 3 pellets above,
cinquefoil below.

Articles and Owners.

Communion paten on foot : St. John's, Cardiff.
Porringer : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Tall standing cup " The gift of Thomas BeU 1663 ¦:
Barber Surgeons' Company.
Two-handled sweetmeat dish, punched ornament :
The Author's Collection.
Plain tankard : Barber Surgeons' Company.
Small two-handled cup : Sir S. Montagu, Bart.
Standing cup " ex dono Henry Barker " : Hon. Soc,
Middle Temple.
Standing cup " the gift of Robt. Henley " : Hon.
Soc, Middle Temple.
Communion cup : All Hallows, Lombard Street,
E.C.
Wine taster : The Author's Collection.
Seal-top spoon : Submitted to the Author.
Plain dish, gadrooned edge : Messrs. G.
Communion paten : St. John's, Hackney.
Small porringer : Mr. J. EUet Lake.

Beaker, repousse and chased with tulips : South
Kensington Museum.
Large paten, cabled edge : St. Vedast, London, E.C.

Communion cup : St. Augustine's, London, E.C.
Porringer and cover : Mr. Morgan S. Williams, St.
Donat's Castle.
Toilet box, gadrooned edge : Mr. Lowe.
Plain tankard : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.
Tankard-shaped flagon : Batcombe, Somerset.
Beaker, with moulded base : Messrs. Christie.
Small repousse cup : Messrs. Christie.
Cover of cup : Mr. J. Dixon.
Large salt, with projecting arms for napkin : Ports
mouth Corporation.
Covered porringer, caryatid handles : The Author's
Collection.
Sweetmeat dish : Bateman Collection.

128

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

G

3LDSMITHS' MARKS.

Articles and Owners.

1665-6

I I, as 1661.

Large seal-top spoon : The Author's Collection.

"

@

H R, 3 pellets above
and 3 below.

Communion paten : St. Margaret's, Westminster.

"

^

P P, star below.

Communion flagon : St. Botolph, Aldgate.

"

(3?

I G, crescent below.

Flat-top tankard : Mr. Morgan S. Williams, St.
Donat's Castle.

))

M

-A M in monogram, see
1650.

The " Hanbury " cup of the Goldsmiths' Company.

J)

8

C Y in monogram.

Covered caudle cup : Mr. Watherston.

))

05

T A, mullet between.

Small cup, on foot : Messrs. Christie.

J)

B

P M in monogram, a
coronet over.

Small waiter, gadrooned edge : Messrs. Vander &
Hedges.

1666-7

ip

R D crowned.

Pear-shaped porringer : The Author's Collection.

)1

^

W M crowned.

Communion flagon : St. Anne and St. Agnes, Lon
don.

"

(9

M, mullet below.

Plain tankard : Fishmongers' Company.

"

^

A key between two
mullets.

Saucepan : Submitted to the Author.

1667-8

^

T M in monogram.

Dinner plates : Messrs. G.

"

@

S S crowned.

Beaker : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

"

9

S V, pellet below.

Large spoon, flat stem : Octavius Morgan Collection.

"

#

R S, a fleur-de-lys below.

Small tray, gadrooned edge : Mr. Heniing.

"

<5

T S, a bird below.

Small porringer : Edkins CoUection.

"

^

J W in monogram.

Lion and unicorn porringer : Messrs. Crichton.

"

<??

B P, escallop below.

Large spoon : Mr. A. Bateman.

1668-9

t$

T I, two escallops be
tween.

Peg tankard : Messrs. Crichton.

))

QJ

T L in plain stamp.

Tankard : The Earl of Wilton.

"

0

B E G G in monogram,
star above.

Two-handled covered cup, foliage -wrought into the semblance of
grotesque masks, in the style of Van Vianen : The Author's
Collection,

"

IBP

I B, crescent below.

Cylindrical parcel-gilt cup and cover, on ball feet :
Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart,

i

A M in monogram,
crowned, see 1665.

Two patens, on feet : St. Paul's, Covent Garden.

)i

®

R S, mullet above, six
pellets below.

Two large communion flagons : St. Sepulchre's,
London.

"

<^

P P, six pellets below,
see 1665.

Covered porringer and salver : Messrs. Crichton.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

129

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1668-9

Q?

I C, mullet below.

Christening basin : St. Paul's, Covent Garden.

..

gj

G V in engrailed shield.

Large spoon, flat stem : Mr. A. Bateman.

„

m

I C, pellet below.

Puritan spoon : Mr. S. Deane.

„

^

R D, mullet below.

Beaker : Messrs. Christie.

"

^

R D, mullet above,
crescent below.

Alms-dish : Cartmel, Lancashire.

n

®

I A in dotted circle.

Caudle cup and cover : Mr. S. Phillips.

"

^

A L between three
mullets.

Plain tankard : Messrs. Christie.

1669-70

®

W G, trefoil below.

Beaker : Mr. A. Trapnell ; salver : Mr. J. Dixon.

"

0

W W, fleur-de-lys
below.

Large mace : Corporation of Hedon, Yorkshire.

"

©

T A, rosette below.

Two small beakers on spreading base : Armourers'
Company.

,,

^

S N, star below.

Small dished salver : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.

"

@

I W, three pellets
above, billet below.

Salver on foot : BurUngton Fine Art Club Exhi
bition.

„

®

RS.

Half -pint mug : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.

"

^

F W between mullets
and pellets.

Large communion cup : St. Clement Danes, W.C.

'>

^

T C in monogram,
pellet below.

Alms-dish : St. Mary, Monmouth.

"

14?

R P, pellet below.

Two-handled bowl : Mr. J. Dixon.

,,

^

I L, flower below.

Plain cup on short stem : Messrs. Christie.

„

®

T H crowned.

Large spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. Connel.

„

ts

T E H (T E conjoined).

Small beaker : Messrs. Robinson & Fisher.

>)

GB

FC.

Child's toy spoon : Mr. H. Davison.

,,

@

T B E in monogram.

Spoon, flat stem, cut end : O. Morgan Collection.

„

0

C over W.

Do. do. do. : Mr. G. Lambert.

n

^

0 G, fleur-de-lys below.

Small salver on foot : Messrs. Christie.

,,

t@

I S, rosette below.

Porringer-shaped cup : Holburne Museum.

1670-1

@

T M over a crown.

Ewer and salver : Hon. Soc. of the Inner Temple.

j>

@

T K, rosette below.

Plain tankard : Armourers' Company.

I30

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1670-1

i§)

I R between rosettes.

Communion paten and flagon : St. Mary's, Sunbury.

@

R H, a cinquefoil and
2 pellets below.

Tankard : South Kensington Museum.

^

T H, anchor between.

Communion cup : St. Paul's, Shadwell, Middlesex.

@

R N, mullet below.

Do. do. : St. Sepulchre's, London.

$
R P between pellets.
Small tankard : Messrs. Christie.
®
R D, cinquefoil below.
Sweetmeat dish : Messrs. Dobson.
G crowned, 3 mullets
below.
Toy cup : Submitted to the Author.
^
W H conjoined, mullet
below.
Caudle cup and cover : Mr. S. Samuel (B.F.-A. Club
Exhibition).
IS)
E R, mullet below.
Small handbell : Mr. Neale.
^
I D between pellets and
a gerbe
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. B. Jefferis.
1671-2
@
D C, rosette below.
Lid of tankard mentioned above : South Kensington
Museum.
(P
I K, rose and 2 pellets
below.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end: St. Dionis, Parson's
Green.
I5J
I D, pellet below.
Communion cup and paten : Do. do.
y
W W linked.
Two-handled cup, porringer shape : Holburne
Museum.
@
R S between mullets.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. A. Bateman.
©
0 S, a trefoil slipped
below.
Communion paten : St. Mary, Twickenham.
^
A flower slipped.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. A. Bateman.
1^
P D, five pellets below.
Paten on foot : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
®i
C M, three pellets below.
Communion cup : St, Dionis, Parson's Green.
(1670-1)
PR
E G in oblong punch.
Plain tankard, flat top : The Earl of Wilton.
1671-2
^
C M, mullet and two
pellets below.
Two-handled cup and cover : Holburne Museum.
"
@
E G, crescent below.
Small paten on foot : Messrs. West & Son.
"
^
I S, 2 mullets and
fleur-de-lys above.
A child's spoon : from the Octavius Morgan CoU'n.
"
©
I P, rosette below.
Small wafer box : Messrs. Spink.
1672-3
(P
R P, star below.
Saucer-shaped paten : St. Nicholas, Lamdon, Essex.
London Goldsmiths' Marks,

131

Date.

1672-3

1673-4

Goldsmiths' Marks.

@ @
@

Articles and Owners.

(^ ^

A H, star above, cres
cent below.
W G, pellet below.
S V, mullet below.
I C
HL.
S R, cinquefoil below.
H.
H E.
R G, star above.
I F, crescent above.
T R in monogram.
DL.
E B crowned.
S C, fleur-de-lys above
and below.
I K, rosette below.
E H crowned, crescent
below.
S S, fleur-de-lys below.
L C, crown & crescent
(Lawrence Coles.)
H E conjoined.
R L.
Another mark of Law
rence Coles.
EM.
Ed. Jones ?
Mathew West ?
G W, crescent below.

Porringer and cover : Mr. P. F. Walker.
Alms-dish : St. Margaret's, Barking.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end: Submitted to the
Author.
Surgeon's bleeding bowl : Mr. G. Lambert.
A child's spoon, trifid end : Mr. Glading.
Porringer, chased with tulips and foliage: The
Author's Collection.
Small wine taster : Messrs. Carrington.
Small plain saucepan : Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup : Kirkby Lonsdale.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Messrs. Jones & Son.
Small salver : Messrs. Christie.
Small spoon, trifid end : Submitted to the Author.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. B. Jefferies.
Large tankard : Messrs. Christie.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. A. Bateman.
Toilet box, gadrooned border : Messrs. Welby.
Sniall three-pronged fork : from the Octavius Morgan
Collection.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. W. Boore.
Small porringer : Messrs. Crichton.
Plain tankard, flat top : Mr. J. Wintle.
Half -pint mug : Messrs. Jones & Son.
Flat stem spoon : The Author's Collection.
Wafer box : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.
Two-handled cup: from the Temple-Frere Collection.
Small wine-taster, scroll handles : Messrs. Dobson.

132

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1674-5

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1675-6

S9

E M crowned.
T G, 3 pellets above and
3 below.
Probably George Gar
thorne.
Probably John Sutton.
T L, pellet below.
R D, comet below.
G T over a mullet
voided.
H K, pellet above and
below.
W W between mullets
and pellets.
E H, pellet above, cres
cent below.
W R conjoined, coronet
above.
J M in monogram.
WS.
G G, mullet below, see
1674.
D V crowned.
T D, star below.
M, fleur-de-lys below.
T I between 2 mullets.
I S crowned.
AR.
I B, a, hart above.
I H.
I F, mullet below.
TL. IE.
S crowned.

-Articles and Owners.

Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. E. W. Colt.
Two-handled cup : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
Communion cup : St. Mary, Ealing.
Two-handled cup : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
Alms-dish : St. Dionis, Parson's Green.
Do. ¦ St. Pancras Old Church.
Two-handled cup, chased with Chinese figures :
Messrs. Sotheby.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. H. Davison.
Alms-dish (1673-4) dated 1673 : Crediton, Devon.
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end: Mr. W. Boore.
A half-pint mug : Messrs. Debenham and Storr.
Hand-bell with ivory handle : Do. do.
Three-pronged fork : Messrs. Spink.
Covered cup with lion and unicorn repousse and
chased : Sir S. Montagu, Bart.
Back of round brush : Messrs. Debenham and Storr.
Tankard : Carlisle Corporation.
Communion flagon : St. Bride's, London, E.C.
Do. do. : St. Andrew's, Hornchurch, Essex.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. W. Boore.
Do. do. do. : Messrs. Christie.
Lemon strainer : Mr. G. Lambert.
Plain tumbler from the Temple-Frere Collection.
Rat-tail spoon : Messrs. Dobson.
Sugar caster : Mr. H. Mallett.
Wine taster : Mr. Bennett.
Seal-top spoon : St. Dunstan-in-the-West, London.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

133

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1675-6

<%>

C W, a fleur-de-lys
above and below.

Paten on toot : Messrs. Christie.

1676-7

m

R M in monogram
(Richard MorreU?).

Cup, salt, r.-w. ewer and salver : Clothworkers' Co,
The " Royal Oak " cup of the Barber Surgeons' Co,

"

m

F S.

Paten on foot : St. Luke's, Chelsea.

..

®

Y I between escallops.

Cylindrical tankard, loose ornament : British Museum.

"

©

F A, fleur-de-lys below.

Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Mr. Howes.

"

(g

K S between mullets.

Covered cup of porringer shape : South Kensington
Museum.

"

^

T F, mullet below.

Communion cup : Keighley, Yorks.

"

^

I 0 or 0 I.

Small plain ring : Messrs. Robinson & Fisher.

..

^

W A in monogram.

Small spoon, trefoil end : Mr. Osborne.

"

@

T C, a cat above.

Pair ot tripod altar candlesticks : B.N. CoU., Oxford.

"

SS

ASH in monogram
(Thomas Ash ?) ,

Octagonal salt : The Saddlers' Company.

)>

^

W W, see 1674.

Small plain porringer, submitted to the Author.

"

0

CE.

Small octagonal box : Mr. Connell.

>.

®

S H in dotted circle.

Tankard : The Earl of Wilton.

1677-8

^

A castle between I C

Pair of snuifers : South Kensington Museum.

"

®

W S, a mullet and two
pellets above & below.

Snuffers tray : Do. do. do.

"

p

S C crowned.

Child's spoon, flat stem, trifid end: The Author's
Collection.

"

K

I S crowned.

Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : The Author's Collection.

..

^

W C, fleur-de-lys below.

Do. do. : Mrs. Barnett.

¦<

^

F G, mullet below, for
Fras. Garthorne ?

Tankard, flat top : Lord Grantley.

))

©

AK.

Hilt ot dagger : Mr. F. Weekes.

1>

(S

F S.

Small three-pronged fork, flat stem : Messrs. Crichton.

"

D R, a coronet above.

Tankard, with acanthus leaves at base: Messrs.
Christie.

>.

^

W S Unked.

Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Messrs. Dobson.

"

®

J G in monogram.

The "Pepys" Cup (no Hall-mark): The Cloth
workers' Company.

134

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1677-

1678-9

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1679-80

@
^

©

fS9

S2 (21

I B between pellets.
E M in monogram.
I B, pellet below.
S R, cinquefoil voided
below.
R N crowned.
X C,four pellets below.
W N.
T R crowned.
I A, crescent below.
A R, mullet and two
pellets below.
W overs (W.Scarlett?)
I B, fleur-de-lys below.
C K, pellet below.
I P crowned.
T B in monogram.
Double-seed rose.
I S, as 1674.
N W,
I R, crescent below.

T A, three pellets above
a device below.

K S between mullets.
T E in monogram, a
coronet above.
E C crowned.
I L, a coronet above.
T H in monogram.
I T.

Articles and Owners.

Toilet box : Mr. W. Townsend.
Toy porringer : Messrs. Crichton.
Communion cup : Barrow-on-Soar, Leicestershire.
Two communion patens : St. Bartholomew-the-less,
London.
Small tankard, acanthus leaves around base : Messrs.
Christie.
Spoon, trefoil end, embossed ornament : Mr.
Rowlands.
Small plain tumbler : Messrs. Spink.
Trifid spoon, filleted rat-tail : South Kensington
Museum.
Trifid spoon, filleted rat-tail : Mr. Heming.
TaU flagon, dated 1679: Skinners' Company,
London.
Tankard : Messrs. Christie ; and (1677-8) plain
flagons : Welbeck.
Porringer : Messrs. Christie.
Small three-pronged fork : Lord Truro.
Needle case : Mr. B. Jefferis.
Small circular salver or tankard stand : Mr. Lowe.
Plain tankard, flat top : Messrs. Christie.
Large communion paten : St. Michael, Cornhill.
Small plain mug : Mr. Leaman.
Surgeon's lancet case : Mr. G. Roberts.
Embossed spoons, trifid ends : Messrs. Crichton.
Beaker, threaded base : Messrs. Crichton.
Beaker, moulded base : Messrs. Welby.
liat-tail spoon, trifid end : Soc. Antiq. Exhibit.
Pair of candlesticks : Messrs. Christie.
Circular trencher salt : Messrs. Christie.

Embossed spoon, foliated end : South Kensington
Museum.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

135

Date.

1679-80

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1680-1

^

© ^

t
(^

@
($

C K, mullet below.
T C a fish above.
T A between mullets
(Thos. Allen?)
B P, escallop below
(Benj. Pyne?)
T M in monogram.
H C crowned.
T S in monogram,
crowned.
R H, mullet below.
I S, as 1674.
O S, between trefoils.
I S, billet below.
I N, as 1662.
DC. B.
-A goose in dotted circle.
I H, fleur-de-lys below.
L C crowned
(Lawrence Coles).
R S, fleur-de-lys below.
D G and 2 fleur-de-lys
in lozenge.
F G, star below
(Fras. Garthorne).
I B, see 1677.
W I, star below.
R K, mullet below.
I S, cinquefoil below.
I H.
T A in lozenge, mullet
below.
TL.

Two communion flagons : St. Mary Abchurch,
London.
Two patens : St. Edmund-the-King-and-Martyr,
London.
Two altar candlesticks : St. .Anne's, Soho.
Rose-water dish : Hon. Soc. of the Middle Temple.
Cover of porringer-shaped cup : South Kensington
Museum.
Embossed spoon, foliated end : Mr. Hawes.
Sweetmeat dish : Messrs. Dobson & Son.
Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Mr. Bennett.
Fine grace cup : A'ork Corporation.
Set of dinner plates : Messrs. G.
Caudle cup : Viscount Dillon.
Set of communion plate : Carlisle Cathedral.
Small octagonal box : Mr. Peters.
Octagonal jar, Chinese decorations : Messrs. Jones
& Son.
Communion paten : S. James, Garlickhithe, London.
Communion cup and paten : St. Mary, Aldermary,
London.
ChUd's spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Soc. Antiq. Exhibit.
Plain tankard, flat lid : South Kensington Museum.
Communion cup : St. Mary, Walthamstow, Essex.
Pair of communion flagons : St. Luke's, Chelsea.
Tankard: Messrs. Christie; also (1685-6) two-
handled cup : Major Marsham, Norwich.
Large rat-tail spoon : Mr. W. Boore.
Tankard with acanthus leaves round base : Messrs.
Crichton.
Communion flagon : St. Margaret's, Barking.
Communion paten : Guisborough, A^orks.
The " Knole " table : Lord Sackville.

136

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1680- I

1682-3

^

®

®

123

@

®
C!3

1683-4

R H, crowned, crescent
below.
W F conjoined.
SE.
P B in monogram.
I C, mullet below.
R C in dotted circle.
P L in monogram.
S H linked.
FB.
I M in dotted circle.
PH.
M K in lozenge.
T E, a coronet above.
L S crowned.
I I between pellets.
B crowned.
I H.
I S, cinquefoil below,
see 1680.
AD.
T A in monogram.
H E conjoined, crowned,
see 1673.
AR.
F W, cinquefoil below.
E G crowned.
P M, star above, fleur-
de-lys below.
I H crowned.

Articles and Owners.

Communion cups : Gt. Leighs, Essex ; also cup :
Merchant Taylors' Company.
Spoon, flat stem, trefoil end : Mr. Leaman.
Do. do. do. : Mr. Bennett.
Large punch bowl : Clitheroe Corporation.
Tankard, with acanthus leaves at base : Fishmon
gers' Company.
j" Com. flagons : St. Michael, Paternoster Royal.
I Large covered porringer (1680-1) : Lord Carysfort.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : The Author's CoU'n.
-Alms-dish : St. Mary-Ie-Strand, London.
Porringer, acanthus ornamentation : Messrs. Spink.
f Paten cover of cup : St. Mathew, Bethnal Green.
\ Porringer : Sir Saniuel Montagu, Bart.
Circular wafer box : Mr. Howes.
Porringer : Messrs. Christie ; also (1682-3) Com
munion cup : Rayleigh, Essex.
Communion flagon (ex bequest of 1678) : Gilling
ham, Dorset.
Plain communion paten : Leeds, Kent.
Large tankard, acanthus leaves round base : Christ's
College, Cambridge.
Toilet box, gadrooned border : Messrs. Debenham
and Storr.
Plain tankard : Mr. G. Lambert.
Communion cup and paten cover : St. Brides,
London, E.C.
Small porringer : Mr. S. Phillips.
The " Stockton '' cup : Innholders' Company.
Hilt of plug-bayonet : Mr. F. Weekes.
Porringer : Messrs. Welby.
Large paten on foot : St. Peter, Tower of London.
Plain tankard, flat top : Messrs. Christie.
Tankard, Chinese ornamentation : Queen's College,
Cambridge. '^
Toilet set, engraved figures, &c., in Chinese style :
Sir S. Montagu, Bart.

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

137

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1683-4

@

W F, knot above,
rosette below.

Toilet box : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

'¦

® r*

R L (Ralph Leeke).

Large rose-water dish : Barber Surgeons' Company.
Com. cup and flagon : St. James', Piccadilly.

"

#

-M H, rosette below.

Pair of flagons given by the Duchess ot Portsmouth :
Portsmouth Corporation.

"

^

R, pellet below.

Flagons : St. Clement, Eastcheap. Porringer :
S. Kensington Museum.

"

^

L C crowned
(Lawrence Coles).

Spoon, with trifid end : Mr, R. Drane.

"

SH.

Spoon, with embossed pattern : The .Author's
CoUection.

"

#

I P, star above, crescent
below.

Spoon, with trifid end to stem : Messrs. G.

"

m

E V crowned, pellet be
low.

Ewer (formed of a cup) : Holy Trinity, Minories.

'•

m

C enclosing K.

Tankard, with flat top : Messrs. Crichton.

"

9

I H, 3 pellets above.

Alms-dish : St. La'wrence, Jewry.

)>

^

R P, pellet below.

Communion flagon : St. Mary-le-port, Bristol.

>>

@i

S H, fleur-de-lys below.

Plain tankard, flat top : Messrs. Christie.

"

0

M P conjoined.

SmaU saucepan : Messrs. Christie.

"

$

I S crowned.

Child's rat-tail spoon : Mr. Skinner.

..

(S

F H E in monogram.

Small mug, scroll handle : Messrs. Jones & Son.

"

15

R I.

Small oblong box, hinged lid : Mr. Falk.

"

#

I W crowned.

Porringer, acanthus leaf ornament : Messrs. Dobson.

"

@

W S, a bird below.

Small circular box : Messrs. Osborne & Gall.

"

^

E B, a rosette below.

Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Mr. Simmonds.

-

^

C K, fleur-de-lys below.

Plain tankard : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.

'•

E^

T E, fleur-de-lys above,
pellet below.

Small bowd : Messrs. G.

¦•

(^

M K, between cinque-
foils.

Rat-tail spoon, embossed ornament : Soc. Antiq.
Exhibit.

1684-5

®

I Y, a horse between.

Alms-dish : St. Mary, Abchurch, London.

"

Q

I S crowned.

Spoon, trifid stem : St. Michael, Wood Street,
London.

"

QP

I I, fleur-de-lys below
(John Jackson).

Communion paten : St. Mary-at-Hill, London.

138

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

1684-5

1685-6

Goldsmiths' Marks.

@

@

il

^

T I, escallop above and
below in quatrefoil.
C D.
T C in monogram.
A H between pellets.
J S in monogram with
in a wreath.
P crowned, (Benjn. Pyne).
T A between pellets.
O S, trefoil below.
E H, crescent below.
I G crowned.
R K, annulet below.
E O, pellet below.
I S, cinquefoil below,
see 1680
G G, pellet below, see
1674
D.
WH, fleur-de-lys below
P R, coronet over.
Y Z crowned, crescent
below.
P K, rosette below.
W K conjoined.
B B, crescent below.
B M between pellets.
I S, coronet over
(John Shepherd ?)
T B between pellets.
T D in monogram.

Articles and Owners.

Two communion patens on foot and an alms-dish :
St. Lawrence, Jewry.
Rat-tail spoon : Submitted to the -Author.

Spoon with embossed ornament : Sir S. Montagu,
Bart.
Large alms-dish, dated 1685 : St. Lawrence, Jewry.
Rat-tailspoon,flat stem, trifid end: Mr. J. L. Propert.
Communion flagon, dated 1685 : St. Mary, Ealing.
Square salts with projecting brackets : Clothworkers'
Company.
Large porringer and cover : Lord Sackville.
Wine taster : Messrs. Crichton.
Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Mr. J. B, Stansby.
Do. do. • Mr. W. Boore.
CyUndrical tankard, flat top : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Two-handled cup : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Sugar caster : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
Large tankard : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
Two-handled cup : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
f Plain tankard, flat top : Clothworkers' Company.
\ Com. plate : St. Katherine, Coleman St., E.C.
Apostle spoon (matching earlier spoons): Innholders'
Company.
Rose-water ewer and salver : Merchant Taylors'
Company.
Hilt of plug bayonet : The Author's Collection.
Sconce : Wallace Collection, Hertford House.
Porringer with acanthus ornamentation : Mr. AV.
Boore.
Spoon, trifid stem : St. Andrew, Undershaft, London.
Small wine taster : Mr. W. Boore.
f Pair of candlesticks : Merchant Taylors' Company.
I Octagonal salt : Mercers' Company.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

139

D.i^TE.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1685-6

@

H R between pellets.

Mug, with reeded scroll handle : Sir C Fraser, Bart.

"

^

S E between a crescent
and annulet.

Small octagonal box : Messrs. Crichton.

'¦

fS

Lc

Slender fork for green ginger : Messrs. Christie.

»

(^

W R, mullet below.

Small bulb-shaped porringer, repousse and chased :
Mr. W. Boore.

"

ca

T M in monogram.

Lemon strainer : Sir G. Puleston, Bart.

"

i@i

W L, annulet below.

Small salver on foot : Mr. J. S. Hodgson.

.'

139

M W between pellets.

Plain pap boat : Messrs. Christie.

"

*

I L, escallop above and
below.

Large communion flagon : St. Clement Danes.

"

@

W F conjoined.

Small octagonal candlestick : Viscount Clifden.

"

#

P M between two stars.

Alms-dish : Christ Church, London, E.C.

1686-7

^

R S, mullet below.

Wine taster : The Author's Collection.

"

Qp

W M, plume and pellets
above.

Porringer : The Author's Collection.

"

^

C K, mullet below.

Communion cup : St. Margaret's, Uxbridge.

"

^

I C, rosette and 2 pellets
below.

Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : The Author's Collection.

»

@

W C, cherub's head
above.

Small octagonal tray : Mr. W. Boore.

"

s^

A"T, 2 pellets above,
fleur-de-lys below.

Two communion cups and patens : St. Mary,
Abchurch, London, E.C.

"

#

D B, mullet above, cres
cent inverted below.

Large paten on foot : St. Dunstan, Stepney ; also
(1685-6) punch bowl : The Earl of WUton.

"

©

R I in dotted circle.

Communion flagon : St. John the Baptist, HiUingdon.

JJ

^

F 0 in monogram.

Communion paten : Kirkland, Cumberland.

¦'

®

C R, mullet below
(Christopher Riley ?)

Communion cup : Lowther, Westmoreland.

1687-8

QS

RH.

Plain tumblerj Messrs. Christie.

JJ

^

C 0, mullet below.

Rat-tail spoon : Messrs. Dobson.

>.

^

E G between mullets.

Tankard : Mr. Morgan S. WiUiams, St. Donat's Castle.

"

@l

R L, fleur-de-lys below
(Ralph Leeke).

Set of dinner plates : Messrs. G.

"

QP

IB.

Rat-tail spoons, trifid ends : Mr. Hawes.

11

(33

N G (Nathaniel Greene ?)

Alms dish : Avening, Gloucestershire.

140

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1687-8

SQ

MH.

Small three-pronged fork : Edkins Collection.

®

TG in dotted circle.

Tankard : Messrs. Christie ; also (1686-7) com
munion cup : Thryberg, A^orks.

"

©

F F, escaUop below.

Small oval wafer box : submitted to the Author.

..

®

I C in monogram.

Mug with scroll handle : Messrs. Christie.

"

@

H T crowned.

Porringer, caryatid handles : Messrs. Sotheby.

"

@

B.

Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Mr. Leaman.

"

23

EC.

Child's spoon with flat stem : Mr. Davison.

J)

%

G S crowned.

Mounts of crystal goblet : Mr. W. Boore.

1688-9

^

E L, fleur-de-lys below.

Plain tankard, flat top : Messrs. Christie.

"

@

A dagger between I D.

Hilt of hunting knife : Mr. J. C Stevens.

•>

^

W M crowned.

Spoon, trifid end : Mr. Gould ; another (1684-5) '¦
St. Peter-Ie-Poor.

"

51

W N crowned.

Spoon, trifid end : The Author's Collection.

"

^

S D, pellet below
(Samuel DeU?).

Communion flagon : St. Mary, Aldermary.

J»

m

0 S, trefoil below.

Communion tankard : St. Mary, Stanwell, Middlesex.

"

^

1 1, a crown and cinque
foil between.

Small rat-tail spoon : Mr. Denholm.

"

(39

MS.

Mounts of horn cup : Messrs. Christie.

)J

^

A pillar between I S.

Communion cup : FuUetby, Lincolnshire.

"

@

T V between plumes.

Small salver on foot : Mr. W. Boore.

"

*

I F, crescent below.

Plain cup on short stem : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.

«5

I R, annulet below.

Small octagonal candlestick from the Ashford Colin.

"

(^

G S, mullet below.

Cylindrical caster : Messrs. Robinson & Fisher.

"

ES

TA.

iMug with ribbon handle : Col. Esdail.

1689-90

c&

H G between mullets.

Rat-taU spoon : Soc. Antiq. Exhibit.

)'

P

F D in monogram.

Small plain salver : Messrs. Christie.

„

qp

EB.

Circular toilet box : Mr. G. Lambert.

"

tfKi

T C and fish, as 1679.

Small beaker : The Author's Collection.

"

WB.

Small three-pronged fork : Mr. H. Mallett.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

141

Date.

1689-90

Goldsmiths' Marks.

i6go-i

^
^ ^

^

Articles and Owners.

^
^ ©

\^

# M
® ®

I I, see 1684.
M E conjoinea, bird
above.

H H between rosettes.
N B under a coronet.
DA.
I E.
C S in dotted oval.
T S linked in dotted
octagon.
AN in monogram
(Anthony Nelson).
RE.
W P, mullet below.
S over W.
T S H E in monogram
W B under a coronet.
S H linked as i68i.-"
K crowned.
(Jonah Kirke?).
I D crowned.
EK.
R L in dotted circle.
R C in monogram
(Robt. Cooper ?)
T S O I.
R Timbrell.
JS. T L (Timothy Ley).
T A, fleur-de-lys above,
T S between scroll and
star.

Rat-tail spoon, trifid-end : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Tankard : Mr. J. Heming.
Rat-tail spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Wafer-box : Submitted to the Author.
Small spirit lamp on three ball feet : Do.
Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Mr. Davison.
Alms-dish : Durnford, W''ilts.
Communion cup, dated 1689, but no date-letter :
Thornford, Dorset.
Dredger : Holburne Museum.
Rat-tail spoon : Messrs. Hancock.
Toy porringer : Messrs. Crichton.
Embossed spoon : Mr. B.. Drane.

Snuffers and upright stand : Hon. Soc. of Middle
Temple.
Toilet box : Messrs. Robinson & Fisher.
Plain tankard, flat top : The Author's Collection.
Communion flagon : Preston, near Cirencester.

Cylindrical muffineer : Mr. R. Day, F.S.-A.
Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Soc. Antiq. Exhibit.
Spirally-fluted porringer : Messrs. Christie.
Beaker : Messrs. Crichton ; two alms-dishes (1684) :
St. Mary-le-Bow.
Three-pronged fork : Mr. Tessier.
Plain tankard, flat top : Clothworkers' Company.
Communion flagon : Pangbourne.
Communion flagon : St. Nicholas, Whitehaven,
Cumberland.
Candlestick : Pem. Coll., Camb.
Spirally-fluted porringer : Messrs. Spink.

® This mark has a ring of pellets in place of the plain ring shewn on the mark of 1681.

142

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date. 1690-1 1691-2

1692-3

Goldsmiths' Marks.

@

®

^

WB (William Bain-
bridge ?)
M H crowned.

I C crowned
(Jas. Chadwick ?)

WS.
S D crowned, fleur-de-
lys below.
HP in monogram
(Henry Penstone ?)
B S.
SI. I E crowned.
I G.
G M between mullets.
RG.
Bird over monogram
and 3 annulets.
N G (Natl. Greene?),
see 1687.
M H.
Three storks.
IW.
S C cro-wii and star
(Stephen Coleman).
RT (Robert Timbrell?)
G G, as 1684
(Geo. Garthorne ?)
NL.
W E, mullet above and
below.
I C in monogram,
crowned.
G F, fleur-de-lys belo-w.

Articles and Owners.

Candlesticks : Hon. Soc. of the Middle Temple.
Communion cup and paten : St. James, Friern Barnet.
Communion flagon : St. Mary Arches, Exeter.
Communion cup and paten : St. Martin-in-the-fields.
Small salver on foot : Messrs. G.
Paten : Starston, Norfolk.
Tankard : Messrs. Christie.
Small three-pronged fork : Submitted to the Author.
Communion paten : Wootton Bassett, Wilts.
Rat-tail spoon : Messrs. Dobson.
Half-pint mug, ribbon handle : Mr. Peters.
Cylindrical flat-top tankard : Mr. Attenborough.
Rat;-tail spoon, trefoil end : Mr. Willett.
Oval dish, gadrooned edge : Messrs. G.
Rat-tail spoon (dessert size) : Mr. Connell.
Small oblong wafer-box : Mr. Bennett.
Set of communion plates : Swanage, Dorset.
Octagonal taper-holder : Messrs. Christie.
Large rat-tail spoon : Messrs. Crichton.
Communion flagon : St. Olave, Hart Street, E.C.
Coffee-pot : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Plain tumbler : Edkins Collection.
Six candlesticks, fluted shafts: Hon. Soc. Middle
Temple.
Paten on foot : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Spirally-fluted porringer : Ashford Collection.

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

143

Date.

1692-3

Goldsmiths' Marks.

1693-4

1694-5

<»

W G crowned
(Wm. Gamble ?)
W H crowned.
T A, 3 pellets, and a
trefoil.
D G crowned.
C A between cinquetoils.
I G crowned.
I S. (John Spackman ?).
I N, star below.
D A crowned.
I L, mullet above, fleur-
de-lys below.
B B in monogram.
H C, 3 pellets, mullet
and 2 annulets.
C C in monogram
(Christopher Canner ?)
D W(Dd. Williaume?)
M E, mullet below.
H P between 2 mullets.
O, enclosing R.
T K, fish above, trefoil
below.
E T between 2 pellets.
W S (William Scarlett).
R M.
ST.
A N in monogram
(Anthony Nelme).
R D linked, with 4 an
nulets.
P crowned (Benj. Pyne).
Articles and Owners.
Communion paten : Tadcaster, Yorks.
Rat-tail spoon : Soc. Antiq. Exhibit.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Messrs. Crichton.
Toilet box : Milbank Collection.
Punch ladle : Mr. Parkes.
Small rat-tail spoon : Mr. Ince.
Spirally-fluted porringer : Temple-Frere CoUection.
Rat-tail spoon : Ashford Collection.
Beadle's arm-badge : St. Giles, Cripplegate.
Punch bowl : Hon. Soc. Middle Temple.
Porringer, spiral flutings : Messrs. Crichton.
Alms dish : St. Mary, Hayes, Middlesex.
Large caster : Temple-Frere Collection.
Child's mug : Mr. Glading.
Rat-tail spoon : trom the Octavius Morgan Colin.
Plain cylindrical tankard : Messrs. Christie.
Toilet box : Mr. J. S. Hodgson.
Communion cup and paten cover : Old Romney, Kent.
Porringer : Mr. W. Boore.
Rat-taU spoon : Soc. Antiq. Exhibit.
Small hand beU : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.
Small salver on foot : Mr. Ball.
Spirally-fluted porringer : Messrs. Carrington.
Communion cup and paten : Didlington, Norfolk.
/Two-handled cup: Messrs. Christie ; also (1692),
1 Toilet service : The Marquess ot Breadalbane, K.G.
144

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1694-5

0

R F conjoined.

Small salver on foot : Sir G. Puleston, Bart.

M

©

H B between 2 mullets

Alms-dish : St. Mary, Aldermary, London.

„

$

H V.

Small shallow bowl : Mr. J. S. Hodgson.

"

li)

S H in monogram
(Sam Hood).

Two-handled bowl (1695-6) : Mr. J. Dixon.

»)

#

I in dotted eUipse.

Small octagonal tray : Lyne-Stephens Collection.

"

@

I R crowned
(John RusUn ?).

Cups on baluster stems : Mercers' Company.

•'

©

T A, see 1690
(Thomas Allen ?).

Pair of octagonal candlesticks : Messrs. Christie.

"

@

M G, bird above, cres
cent below.

SpiraUy-fluted porringer : Viscount Clifden.

"

^

W H, bird below.

Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Messrs. Spink.

"

ID

I F.

Small salver : Messrs. West & Son, Dublin.

1695-6

a

Peter Harache.

Finely-engraved dish : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

"

@

John Hodson.

Two communion cups : St. John's, Wapping.

"

(0

M B conjoined
(Moses Brown ?).

Plain tumbler, from the Edkins Collection.

»

©

William Keatt.

Large two-handled cup : Messrs. G.

"

f

S.

Two-handled cup : Mr. W. Boore.

)>

!iP

A G, crescent below.

Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, embossed ornament : South
Kensington Museum.

"

oa

M M (Mat. Madden ?).

Plain tumbler : Mr. G. Lowe.

>J

k^

Jonah Kirk.

Pair of octagonal candlesticks : Lord Sudeley.

"

dP

Isaac Davenport.

Chocolate pot : Burlington House Exhibition.

"

i

Anchor between E S
crowned.

Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Mr. Bright.

'•

y

S L in monogram.

Plain tankard, flat top : Messrs. Christie.

"

^

S over W.

Rat-taU spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. A. D. George.

n

<^

M E conjoined.

Do. do. do. : Mr. G. Lowe.

»

@

I S, see 1692.

Small plain saucepan (ebony handle) : Submitted to
the Author.

1696-7

^

W V in monogram.

Fluted porringer ; Mr. H. D. Ellis.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

H5

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1696-7

@

Lawrence Jones.

Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. H. D. EUis.

"

^

Thomas Brydon.

Communion flagon : St. Mary's, Beverley.

"

@

Y Z, crown above,
mullet below.

Embossed spoon : S. Kensington Museum.

"

!i

Jonathan Bradley.

Small spirally-fluted porringer : Mr. Chilcott.

"

^

John Penfold (probably).

Communion cup : Boughton, Monchelsey, I'Cent.

"

(^

R W.

Communion paten on foot : Byfield, Northants.

"

®

Fras. Garthorne.

Beer jug : Messrs. Christie ; jug (no Hall-marks) :
Windsor Castle.

"

P

F.

Child's mug : Mr. G. T^owe.

>'

®

Christopher Canner.

Muffineer: Mr. Frazer; (1690-1) caster: Dunn-
Gardner Collection.

"

@

RG.

Small three-pronged fork : Mr. Barnett.

,.

0

I S in monogram.

Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Mr. Leaman.

"

SjD

T B, crescent below.

Small porringer : Edkins Collection.

Note. — From 27 March 1697 until 29 May 1719 while the new standard for plate was
compulsory, the use ot any ot the old marks was prohibited, and makers' marks composed of the
first two letters of the surname were required. On the old standard being restored in June 1719
the old form of maker's mark was resumed for the old standard, the new form being retained
for the new standard until 1739. The form therefore of the makers' marks from 1697 to 1739
hereafter illustrated will indicate the standard of the plate on which they have been found. The
names being printed beside the marks, it can easily be ascertained whether any mark is composed
of the initials of the Christian and surname, or of the first two letters of the surname.

The anomalous marks reproduced below, in which the small black-letter t of the old standard is
found accompanied by the marks of the new standard, occur on a rat-tail spoon of 1697 made by
Lawrence Coles whose mark in the new form, it also bears. The spoon is the property of Mr. E.
W.Co,.,M,A. )!$ e 0 0
These marks and the spoon on which they occur appear to be perfectly genuine. It is suggested
that the date-letter t which pertained to the old standard was stamped by mistake instead of the
court-letter a.

IQ

146

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Many of the marks appearing in this list from 1697 onwards have
been found on plate at Messrs. Christie's and other well-known auction
rooms, and on plate in the hands of goldsmiths and dealers, much of
which has been family plate sent for appraisement in connection with
death duties. The names of the owners in a number of instances are
therefore not published.
Some of the marks in the following columns are not to be found in
the goldsmiths' records by reason of the disappearance of one or more
of their books and the loss of leaves from others. In several instances
also the records appear to have been kept somewhat negligently, inas
much as marks were sometimes not registered until months after
the assay of plate on which they had been struck, and some makers'
marks on perfectly genuine plate of the i8th century do not appear to
have been entered in the books at all.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1697

SS

Lawrence Coles ent. 1697.

Trifid spoon* (with date-letter t) : -Mr. E. W. Colt.

©

Thriscross „ „

Do. do. : Bond Street Spoon Exhibition, igo2.

"

%

Alexr.

Roode „ „

Circular trencher salt : Mr. Peters.

@

Mathew

West

r Trifid spoon from the Octavius Morgan Coll.
\ (1706-7) porringer-shaped cup : Temple-l'rere
^ Collection.

sn
Jas.
Edgar „ „
SmaU porringer: Mr. J. E. Lake.
,^
Andrew
Moore „ „
Mark registered for New Standard, April 1697.
m
Edmd.
Townsend „ ,,
Do. do. do. do.
Qq
C
Williams „
Do. do. do. do.
@
Mathew
Madden „ „
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end.
%
Lawrencs
Jones „ „
Small paten on foot : Mr. W. Smith.
IP
Wm.
Francis „ „
Mark registered for New Standard, April 1697.
„
@
John
Hodson „ „
Do. do. do. do.
All the marks on this spoon are illustrated at foot of preceding page.
London Goldsmiths' Marks,

147

Date.

1697

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

19

(5P

Wm. Gimber ent.
Edwd. Courthope „
Sam. Hood „
Christr. Canner „
Fras. Garthorne ,,
Thos. Parr „
Wm. Denny & |
John Backe ) "
Jas. Chadwick ,,
Wm. Gibson „
Name not traced.
Thos. Allen „
Moses Brown „
Danl. Garnier ,,
Thos. Ash „

1697.

CD

^

Fras. Archbold
Benj . Bradford
Wm. Bainbridge
Jno. Smithsend
 Wimans

Benj. Pyne
Jno. Shepherd
Frances Hoyte

Articles and Owners.

Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end : The
Author's CoUection.
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. Lowe.

A porringer ; also (1713-4) com. cup ; St. Peter's
Hereford.
A trifid spoon ; also (1701) a dredger ; Hon. Soc.
of Grays Inn.
Two communion cups : Christchurch, Stepney.
Communion paten : Rylstone, nr. Skipton, Yorks.
("Large com. cup : St. Mary Abbots, Kensington.
-\ Two candlesticks (Doric columns) : Mr. H. D.
I Ellis.
Com. paten : St. Mary Abbots, I-s^ensington.
Pair of com. flagons : St. Mary's, Chelmsford.
Oval tobacco-box : The Gurney Collection.
Trifid spoon; Bond Street Spoon Exhibition, 1902.
Do. do. . Mr. B. Jefferis.
Do. do. : The Octavius Morgan Collection.
Do. do. : Do. do. do.
Second mark of Thos. -Ash, registered April 1697.
Third do. ; Pair of candlesticks (1709) : Mr. A.
Bateman.
Paten on foot : Mr. H. Hussey.
Large rat-tail gravy spoon : Mrs. Dawson.
A plain tankard, with fiat top.
A rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end.
Do. do. do.
A plain cylindrical tankard, with flat top.
Mark registered tor New Standard, April, 1697.
Do. do. do. do. do.

148

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1697

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1697-8

<^

@
^

1698-9

Hugh Roberts ent.
Ed. Jones „
Wm. Brett
Dorothy Grant „
Stephen Coleman „
Jno. Brassey „
Rich. Nightingale „
Geo. Titterton „
Jn'th'n Lambe „
Jos. Bird „
Chas. Overing „
Thos. Brydon „
Thos. Issod ,,
Robt, Peake
Wm. Scarlett
Jos. Stokes „
Philip RoUes
Joyce Issod „
Isaac Dighton „
 Wimans

1697

Anthy. Nelme
Geo. Cox
John Cove
Wm. Bull
Geo. Garthorne

Articles and Owners.

1697,

Large communion flagon : St. Bridget's, Chester.
-A toy porringer, spiral flutings, ribbon handles.
Mark registered for New Standard, April 1697.
Do. do. do. do.
Do. do. do. do.
Do. do. do. do.
A rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end.
A small cup with spreading lip, no handle.
Taper holder : Messrs. Crichton.
A candlestick formed of six columns on rectan
gular base.
Two-handled covered cup with spiral flutings :
The Author's Collection.
A plain tankard with threaded foot, flat top.
Trifid spoon with filleted rat-tail : The Author's
Collection.
Communion paten : St. Botolph, Aldgate.
Six trifid spoons, with beaded rat-tails : Mr. E.
Heron-.AUen.
Trifid spoon; and (1698-9) mark in oblong punch
on com. paten : Byford, Herefordshire.
Mark registered for New Standard, April 1697.
Trifid spoon : Messrs. Spink ; and (1708-9) por
ringer-shaped communion cup ; Uley, Glo's.
Paten : Mr. G. Lambert ; also (1699) two-handled
cup : South Kensington Museum.
Porringer-shaped communion cup : Barrow-on-
Soar, Leicestershire.
Monteith : Pembroke College, Cambridge.
-A beaded rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end.
Mark of a Bristol Goldsmith registered 4th Jan
1698. ¦'
A bayonet-top sugar caster with modern chasing.
Large alms-dish : St. Michael, Cornhill.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

149

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

16991700

@

c&

®

®

©

Wm.
Jonath'n Edwd.
Wm.John Wm.
Jno. Robt.Lawrence JohnJohn Job Jno. White
Benj.
Wm,
Benj.
JohnJohn Fras.
Sam. Isaac
Jno. Sam

Mathew ent. 1697,
Br^idley

A'orke FawderyRuslenScarlettLadyman Cooper Coles SuttonHelyHanks Porter Walsh
Bentley Lukin
Traherne Cory
Diggle
SingletonThorne Davenport
Chartier Dell

Pierre Platel

1705

1697,

Articles and Owners.

1699

1698

1699. 1687, 1697,

1697, 1699,

Trifid spoon : Bond Street Spoon Exhibition,
1902.
Rat-tail,,marrow scoop : Mr. Crichton,
Two communion cups : St. Mary-le-Bow.

Porringer-shaped covered cup : Sir S. Montagu,
Bart.
Monteith, ladle, and salver : Fishmongers' Coy.

Six trifid spoons : Mr. Morgan S. Williams, St.
Donat's Castle.
Two trifid spoons : Mr. Geo. Lambert.
Communion paten : St. Dunstan, Cranford, Mids.
Rat-tail spoon, trifid end : Mr. Samuel Deane.
Do. : Mr. Lowe ; also (1697) communion cup :
SoUers Hope, Herefordshire.
Punch ladle from the Octavius Morgan Colin.
Mark entered for New Standard, 20th May, 1699.
Cylindrical flat-top tankard : Mr. Geo. Lambert.
A rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end.
A large rat-tail hash spoon, with ebony handle.
Punch bowl of " Monteith " fashion : City of
London Corporation.
Four patens on feet " Synaxi Sacrum a.d. 1700 :"
St. Margaret's, Westminster.
Two-pronged fork : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart ;
also (1698) candlestick : Mr. J. Dixon.
Communion cup, with paten cover: St. Thomas',
Neath, Glam.
The " Somers " salver : Gloucester Corporation.

A fluted and chased Monteith, with coat of arms on a repouss6
shield, the rim chased -with masks and scrolls.

Transitional rat-tail spoon, flat stem, wavy end
The -Author's coUection.
Set of communion plate : Christchurch, Oxford.
Alms-dish : Holy Trinity Church, Coventry.

Rat-tail table spoon : Mr. Ince ; also (1705-6)
12 dessert spoons : Sir S. Montagu, Bart,

ISO

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

16991700

1700-r

1701

^

Richd. Syngin
Andrew Raven
John Laughton
Alex. Roode
Philip Oyle „ 1699.
John Broake

Articles and Owners.

ent. 1697. Communion cup : Puddle Trenthide, Dorset.

^

Wm. Fawdery
Jos. Stokes
Sam. Wastell
Jno. Jackson
Name not traced
Thos. Jenkins
David Willaume
Ralph Leeke
Heny. -Aubin
Rich. Biggs
Steph. Edmonds
Wm. Gossen
Edm. Prockter
John Tiffin
Alex. Roode ?
Frans. Singleton
Ed. Gibson
Pierre Harache
Benj. Watts
Sam Hood
Sam Jefferys

„ 1700,
as 1697,
ent. 1701.
„ 1697.

„ 1697.

1700.

„ 1701
„ 1697,
(see 1669).
ent. 1697,
)» J)
„ 1698,
„ 1697,

Two-handled cup, of porringer form, spirally
fluted.
Large rat-tail hash-spoon, with hollow stem.
Rat-tail table spoon, flat stem, trifid end.
Mark registered gth October, 1699.
Paten, or small salver, on foot.
Communion cup : Eden Hall, Cumberland.
Fluted oval box : The Author's Collection.
Two alms-plates : Christchurch, Southgate.
Tall communion flagon : St. Martin's-in-the-
Fields.
Salver on three feet, used as a paten : St. Mary's,
Shenfield, Essex.
Communion service : St. Mary's, Great Warley,
Essex.
j' Helmet-shaped ewer, cut card ornaments, term.
< figure handle ;
(also (17 13) a doz. dessert forks : Sir S. Montagu, Bt.
Communion paten on foot : St. Mary's, Hornsey.
Mark registered loth June, 1700.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. J. Brasher.
Plain cylindrical tankard, threaded base, flat top.
Mark registered 13th July, 1700.
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, wavy end.
Small salver, with gadrooned border on foot.
Candlestick : Mr. M. T. Kennard.
Alms-dish : St. Mary, Stratford-le-Bow.
fiat-tail spoon, flat stem, transitional wavy end :
Mr. A. Bateman.
Do. do. ; also (1704-5) large soup-tureen :
Barber Surgeons' Company.
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, transitional wavy end :
Captain Garnham.
Communion paten : Cole Orton, Leicestershire.
Large hash-spoon : Chester Corporation.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

151

Date,

1702-3

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names,

#

m m

Wm.

Keatt ent

1697

Willo'by Masham

1701

Not traced

Wm.

I^eatt

1697

Sam

Hawkes ,

, „

Fras.

Archbold „

..

Josh.

Field

1701

John

Goode „

„

Ralph

Leeke „

1697.

John Danl.

Read & 1
SleamakerJ" "

1701,

Alexr.

Hudson „

"

Stepn.

Coleman „

1697.

Henry

Greene „

1700.

Richd.

Syngin „

1697.

John

Eckfourd „

1698.

Wm.
T^^.,+U'.,

Gamble „

1697.

m
t^
^

Jonath'n Crutchfield
Humph, Payne „ 1701
Name not traced.
Thos. Sadler ,, „
Jos. Ward „ 1697.
Jno. Downes „ „
Jno. Cope „ 1701
Thos. Waterhouse „ 1702.
Wm. Barnes „ „
Abm. Russell „ ,,
Jas. Chadwick as 1697,

Articles and Owners.

Porringer: Mr. Connell; also (1702-3) com,
cup : Wellington, Herefordshire.
Salver : Chester Corporation.
Rat-tail spoon, trifid end to stem : Mr, C Dobson,
Porringer, usual spiral flutings and punched
ornamentation.
Circular punch ladle, with ebony handle.
Communion paten on drum foot : Ashby-de-la-
Zouch.
Rat-tail spoon, rounded stem, wavy end.
Do. do. do.
Two-handled covered cup of porringer form : Mr.
W. Boore,
Paten on foot, plain threaded border.
Oval tobacco box, with gadrooned border to lid.
Rat-tail spoon, wavy end to stem.
Small cylindrical mug, with scroll handle.
Pair of circular toilet boxes : Sir Chas. Welby, Bt.
Two communion cups and paten covers : St.
Mary-le-Strand.
Small salver on foot : Messrs. M. and S. Lyon ;
also (1710-1) c, paten : Clifford, Hereford.
Both marks on paten cover of 1702-3 used
with a communion cup of 1638-9 before-
mentioned: St, James', Garlickhithe, L'don,
Alms-dish : St. Margaret Pattens, London.
Rat-tail spoons, trifid ends : S. Kensington Mus,
and Mr. H. D. EUis
Com. cup: Sapperton ; also (1701-2) tankard:
The Marquess of Breadalbane.
Rat-tail spoon, rounded stem, wavy end : Mr.
W. Boore.
Do. do. do. The Author.
Mark registered 22nd July, 1702.
Surgeon's lancet case.
Small toilet box, with monogram engraved on lid.
Fluted tankard : The Author's Collection.

152

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1702-3

1703-4

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1704-5

^^

K5i

1704.1697.

1700,

1697,

OS)

ip

Robt. Lovell ent. 1702,
Mat. Cooper „ „
Jno. I?and
Thos. Jenkins
Ed. Gibson
Wm. Andrews ,
Jonah I'lirke ,
Gabl. Player
Saml. Smith ,
Chas. Williams ,
Jno. Snelling ,
Nat. Greene ,
Name not traced.
Wm. Warham ,
Wm. Charnelhouse ,
Andr. Archer ,,
Thos. Peele ,.
Wm. Petley
Wm. Denny
Geo. Lewis ,,
Name not traced.
Henry Penstone „
Jno. Cole ,, „
Jno. East
Jno. Gibbon „ 1700,
Chas. Adam ,, 1702,

Articles and Owners.

1703

17041699.
1697-1699,
1697-

A trifid spoon: Mr. Jefferis; also (1707-8) com.
paten : Ewyas Harold, Herefordshire.
A small tripod stand for a spirit lamp.
A repousse sconce ; South ICensington Museum,
A salver on foot : Mr. H. D. EUis.
A rat-tail transitional spoon, wavy end to stem
Mr. H. D. Ellis.
A toy porringer ; and (1698) a covered feeding-
cup : Mr. Bateman.
A circular toilet box, with gadrooned border.
A cylindrical tankard, spoiled by bad modern
chasing.
A small oval tray, with raised gadrooned border.
A bodkin case engraved, with monogram A. M.
-A cylindrical tankard, with hollow flutings and
punched ornamentation.
A toy tankard without a cover.
A surgeon's bleeding bowl, with flat handles.
Mark registered 12th November, 1703.
A rat-tail spoon, rounded stem, wavy end.
A three-pronged fork, do. do.
A fluted wine- taster, with delicate scroll handles.
A small engraved box, with hinged lid.
Communion cup and paten cover : Holy Inno
cents' Church, Kingsbury, Mids.
Large com. cup : St. Mary's, Hampton, Mids.
Rat-tail spoon, trifid end to stem; The Author's
Collection.
Do. do. with wavy end to stem : Do.
A toy porringer, usual spiral flutings ; Mr. A.
Bateman.
A fluted porringer ; also (1720-1) two communion
plates ; St. Peter's, Hereford.
A plain cylindrical jar and cover ; Mr. W. H.
Fowle.
An octagonal caster, with moulded foot, the top
chased with foliage over pierced trellis.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

153

Date.

17045

1705-6

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1$
ESS)

@

i

Q^

<i>

Geo.
Wm.
Alex,
Wm,
Jno. Ishml.
Jno. Robt.
Wm,Wm.
Thos. Mathw
Saml.
Josh, Isaac
Jonah
Jno.
Wm.
Thos.
Natl.
John
Jos.
Wm.
Wm.
Timothy
John

Havers ent.
Middleton „
Hudson ,,
Spring
Cooke „
Bone „
Fletcher „
Timbrell „
Fawdery „
Fleming „
Spackman „
Lotthouse „
Wastell „
Readshaw „
Liger
Clifton „
Corosey „
Warham „
Corbet ,,
Lock „
Barnard „
Barbitt Matthew
JusonLey Backe

1697.
1704. 1701
1699. 1700,
1697,

Articles and Owners.

1700,
1705- 1701
1697. 1704, 1703
1701.
1705-1699.

1703- 1700.1704,1697.1700.

A plain circular trencher salt : Mr. Chisholm.
-A salver on foot, with raised gadrooned border.
A small bowl, with one flat pierced handle.
A pair of dessert spoons, with wavy ends to stems.
A plain helmet-shaped ewer : Mr. W. Boore.
A small octagonal box, with hinged lid.
A plain cylindrical coffee pot, with domed lid.
Fine " Monteith " bowl : Captain Reginald Peel.

Service of communion plate : Holy Trinity
Church, Hounslow.
Tobacco-box : Mr. G. Lambert ; also (n.d.l.)
com. patens. King's Caple, Herefordshire.
Large spoon, loJ inches long : St. George the
Martyr, Holborn.
i Com. flagon : S. S. Peter and Paul, Chingford.
I Candlestick : Glovers' Guild, Carlisle.
A double set of communion plate : St. George
the Martyr, Holborn.
An originally plain tankard, spoiled by coarse
modern chasing.
Small salver, with raised moulded edge and
drum foot.
Rat-tail spoon, transitional wavy end.

Porringer, with usual spiral flutings : Mr. S.
Phillips.
Octagonal dredger, with trellis-like pierced top.
A short octagonal candlestick, with spreading
base and gadrooned edge.
Porringer : Mr. W. Old ; also (1709) communion
cup : Llansoy, Mon.
Pair of tall candlesticks : Mr. Percy Macquoid.

Two dozen rat-tail spoons : Hon. Soc. of the
Inner Temple.
Transitional rat-tail spoon : The Author's Col
lection.
Do. do. ; one also at St. Mary's, Willesden.
Alms-dishes : All Hallows, Lombard Street, E,C.
Kettle and stand, with spirit lamp ; Sir Samuel
Montagu, Bart.

This mark, in a plain oblong punch, is on a Communion paten at Lugwardine, Herefordshire.

154

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

1706-7

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1707-8

® %
^ ^^

^

Benj. Pyne ent. 1697,
Jacob Margas „ 1706,
Jno. Ladyman „ 1697,
Louys Cuny „ 1703,
Jno. Abbot „ 1706.
Wm. Spring „ 1701
Jno. Crutcher „ 1706.
Wm. Fordham „ ,
Name not traced.
Danl. Sleamaker „ 1704.
Wm. Fleming ,, 1697.
Thos. Burridge „ 1706.
John Leach „ 1697.
Anthy. Nelme „ „
Pierre Le Cheaube „ 1707.
Richard Hutchinson „ 1699.

Articles and Owners.

Bread dish ; St. Edward the Confessor, Romford,
Essex.
Fine ewer : Trinity College, Cambridge ; also
four candlesticks (1708) : Lord Carbery.
Rat-tail table spoon, with ridged stem and
rounded end.

Do.

do.

do.

do.

1708-9

9

Philip

Roker

„ 1697-

KKi

Benj.

Harris

» „

@

Chr.

Atkinson

„ 1707-

@

PhU.

Rainaud

!. »

m

Thos.

Fawler

„

^

Jos.

Smith

» J>

^

Mary

Mathew

>J »

i

Jos.

Bird

„ 1697

fS

Thos.

Farren

.. 1707

Plain octagonal bottle-shaped tea-caddy, with
sliding bottom.
Tankard : Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.

Octagonal snuffers tray, with raised gadrooned
border.
An etui, with ivory tablets, scissors and other
implements.
Rat-tailed spoon, with marrow scoop stem.

Spirit lamp, with pierced stand : The Author's
Collection.
Porringer, with usual spiral flutings : The
Author's collection.
Rat-tail spoons : St. Margaret's, Westminster.
A pair of toilet boxes : Sir Charles Welby, Bart.
Large alms-dish : St Mary, Hampton, Mids.
Rat-tail spoon, ridge front, round end.
Com. cups and patens : St. Mary's, Chelmsford.
Three-pronged forks, with wavy end to stems.
A plain tumbler cup.
A wine taster, with one pierced handle.
An octagonal taper holder.
An oblong inkstand, with sockets for two bottles.
-A plain toy porringer, with roped band under lip.
A small octagonal wafer box.
Pair of octagonal candlesticks : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Rat-tail spoon; Mr. Ince; also (1716-7) set of
com. plate : Lucton, Herefordshire.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

^00

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1708-9

1709-10

^

^

m ®

m

9

Chris. Riley ent. 1697,
.Alice Sheene „ 1700.
Jno. Read „ 1704.
Jno. Bodington ,, 1697,
Wm. Fawdery „ 1698,
Henry Greene „ 1700.
-'Anty. BIackf(3rd ,, 1702,
Thos, WaU „ 1708,
Jno. Clifton „ „
Fiichard Clarke „ „

John Chartier

Jno. W.
Edw.
Jno.Thos. Fras. Isr'l.
Jno. Simon Phil.

Stocker & ^
Peacock )
Clifton (?)
Allen Turner PinckingRand
PantinRoUes

See 1702.
Wm. Francis
Andrw. Dalton
Ebenezr. Roe
Thos. Prichard
Hen. Clarke

1705- 1697, 1709. 1697 170417011705
1697 1708
1709

Rat-tail spoon, with wavy end tcstem.
Porringer: Messrs. Spink; and (1707-8) alms-
plate : Chedworth, Gloucestershire.
Alms-dish : All Hallows the Great.
Pair of communion flagons : St. Mary's, Bromley,
Large ladle : Hon. Soc. of the Middle Temple.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Munsey.
Porringer, usual spiral flutings.
Mark registered 25th Sept., 1708.
Do. do. 2ist Oct., do.
Small fluted cup, without a handle.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. W. Boore.
Communion paten : St. John the Evangelist,
Stanmore, Mids.
A toy tankard : Messrs. Crichton.
Two dozen rat-tail spoons : Hon. Soc. ot the
Middle Temple.
A tiny transitional spoon — a toy, or perhaps a
snuff spoon.
Rat-tail table spoon, ridge front rounded end to
stem.
Communion flagon : St. Lawrence, Cowley, Mids.
Small two-handled cup : Mr. G. Lambert ; also
(1699) taper holder : Earl Bathurst.
Rat-tail spoon, dessert size.
Oval tobacco box, with loose lid.
A pair ot candlesticks : Sir Charles Welby, Bart.
An octagonal taper holder.
-A rat-tail table spoon,
.A child's feeding cup, with two handles.
A pair of short octagonal candlesticks, with
gadrooned bases.

156

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Names and Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1709-10 55^

Jas.

Wethered ent

1709.

A pair of circular toilet boxes : The Gurney
Collection.

Richd.

Watts

1710.

-A rat-tail table spoon : The Octavius Morgan
Collection.

1710-1 ! ^

Thos.

Folkingham „

1706.

Octagonal tea caddy : The Author's Collection.

^^

Jno.

Smith

1710.

Tumbler : Mr. Boore ; also (1704-5) com. cup :
Driffield, Gloucester.

a

Wm.

Hinton

1704.

A pair of rat-tail spoons : Mr. W. H. Fowle.

"

Geo.

Gillingham „

1703-

A small ink stand : Sir Frederick Currie, Bart.

"

ffl

Lewis

Mettayer „

1700.

Plain rat-tail spoon, rounded stem : The Author's
Collection.

"

W>

Ed.

Cornock „

1707.

Oval tobacco-box ; Messrs. Crichton.

"

^

Jno.

Wisdom ,,

1704.

Communion paten on foot ; Christ Church,
Stepney.

"

@

Wm.

Pearson „

1710.

A small circular salver on foot.

"

^

Wm.

Twell

1709.

A marrow scoop.

"

®

Jas.

Beschefer ,,

1704.

Six three-pronged forks, with wavy ends.

••

©

Jacob

Margas „

1706.

Candlesticks: Mr. Boore; and (1719): Col.
Warde.

••

CQ

Jas.

Rood

1710.

A small mug : Mr. F. L. Fitzgerald.

"

@

Jno.

Keigwin „

"

A pair of rat-tail dessert spoons.

"

^

Jas.

Goodwin ,,

))

A small circular salver on foot.

"

GP

Abm.

Russell (?) „

1702.

An upright snuffers' stand on fixed tray.

"

(3^

Robt.

Keble

"

A large rat-tail hash spoon.

"

@)

Jos.

Sheene „

"

A pair of rat-tail table spoons.

"

$

Jno.

Stockar „

)J

A small plain mug : Lord Dormer.

®

Wm.

Truss „

>'

A rat-tail table spoon : Mr. W. H. Fowle.

"

ITO

Hezk.

Mountfort „

1711.

A small octagonal engraved box.

CO
Isaac
Malyn „
1710.
A pair of small rat-tail spoons, with wavy ends.
"
1^
Jno.
Flight
»
A small octagonal tray, with gadrooned edge.
1711-2
Edmd.
Pearce „
1704.
Communion cup, given 1616 to St. Michael's,
Ashford.
"
Dorothy
Grant „
1697-
Communion paten : Ulverston, Lancashire.
London Goldsmiths' Marks.

157

Date.

Goldsmiths'

Marks and

Names.

Articles and Owners.

1711-2

#

Wm.

Penstone

ent. 1712.

Bottle-shaped tea-caddy : The Author's CoU'n.

(g

Ed.

Jennings

„ 1709.

Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Webster.

Jno.

Read

„ 1704.

Communion cup and paten : St. Mary-le-Strand.

iS3
Lewis
Mettayer (probably)
Taper-holder : Holburne Museum,
%
Nich.
Clausen
ent. 1709.
Spoon: The Author's Collection; also (1716)
standish : Welbeck.
GB
Ed.
Holaday
» )»
Salver: Mr. Reid ; flagons (1718-9) : Mercers'
Company ; com. paten : Kingston.
Aug.
Cortauld
„ 1708.
Spoon: Mr. Parkes; also (1727-8) two sets ot
com. plate : Madley, Herefordshire.
Hen.
Greene
„ 1700.
Com. paten on foot : St. Mary's, Ulverston, I.,anc.
tS^
Jno.
Chamberlen „ 1704.
Helmet-shaped ewer : General Meyrick.
(^
Isaac
Dalton
„ 1711.
Rat-tail table-spoon : Dr. Propert.
Wm.
Mathew
„ „
Small circular bowl : Lord Dormer.
S@
Jonthn
. Newton
„ „
Rat-taU table-spoon : Mr. W. H. Fowle,
1712-3
#
Thos.
Sutton
)) JJ
Chamber candlestick : Mr, W. Boore.
S9
Jno.
Rand
„ 1704.
Double set of communion plate : St. Michael's,
Paternoster Royal.
u
Seth
Lofthouse
„ 1697.
Salver: Mr, Hawes; also (1702) com, paten:
I'Cington, Herefordshire.
®
Ed.
Gibson
„ „
Rat-tail spoon, transitional end : The Author's
Collection.
19
Wm.
Lukin
„ 1699.
Spirally-fluted porringer : The Author's CoU'n.
SQ
Richd.
Bayley
„ 1708.
Do.: Mr. Wills; also (1716-7) paten cover:
Dindor, Herefordshire.
#
Richd.
Raine
„ 1712.
Paten, dated 1716: Ockley, Surrey.
„
l!
John
Hobson
„ 1697-
Rat-tail spoon : Edkins Collection.
<P
Glover
Johnson
„ 1712.
Oval, bottle-shaped tea-caddy : Viscount Clifden,
<»
Wm.
Turbitt
„ 1710.
Hexagonal taper-holder : Captain Garnham.
Ci7
Richd.
Williams
„ 1712.
Mark registered nth April, 1712.
OS
Thos.
Bevault
)) )>
Do. do. 24th December, 171 2.
m
Jno. M
Stockar
„ 1710.
Small salver on foot : Earl Amherst.
1713-4
^
Jacob
Margas
„ 1706.
Lion tankard : The Ironmongers' Company.
158

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date,

1713-4

1714-5

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

^

Articles and Owners.

99

63

^
©

Ambrose Stevenson ent. 1706.
Natl. Locke „ 1698.
Hugh Roberts „ 1697.
Gabriel Sleath „ 1706.
Mark Paillet „ )
Henry ColUns ,, „
Edw. Vincent (?)
Jno. Ludlow „ 1713-
Gundry Roode „ 1709-
Thos. Mann „ 1713-
Thos. Ewesdin ,, „
Wm. Looker ,, ,,
John Bathe ,, 1700
Wm. Juson „ 1704
Seth Lofthouse „ 1697
Robt. Timbrell „ „
D. Tanqueray „ 1713.
Mich'l Boult
Name not traced.
Wm. England iStl
John Vane J " ^l^'^-
Sam Welder „ „

^

Rich'd Green „ 1703,
Jno. Holland „ 1711.
Saml Hitchcock „ 1712
Saml Welder „ 1714

Plain tankard, slightly domed top ; Mr. H. D.
Ellis.
Pair of tankards : Gloucester Corporation.
Tea-caddy : Mr. A. Trapnell.
Paten : St. Dunstan's, Stepney.
Rat-tail table spoon : The -Author's Collection.
Oval tobacco box, with cabled edge to cover.
Helmet-shaped ewer : Trin. Coll., Oxford.
Plain tumbler : Sir Charles Fraser, Bart.
Porringer, usual spiral flutings.
Oval tray, with fluted border : Mr. A. Bateman.
-A tumbler : Messrs. Christie.
Plain tankard, reeded foot and domed top.
Plate: Mr. Boore; also (1711-2) com. paten:
Brampton Abbots, Hereford.
Marrow scoop : Messrs. Crichton.
Communion paten : Brantingham, A'orks.
Saucepan : Hon. Soc. of the Inner Temple.
Three-pronged fork ; S. Kensington Museum.
Pair of octagonal baluster-shaped candlesticks.
Sugar caster : Messrs. Crichton.
Communion flagon : Nettleton, nr. Chippenham.
An etui, containing a small spoon, tablets, &c.
Tankard : Mr. Samuel Deane.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. H. D. EUis.
Rat-tail dessert spoon : Mr. J. Hemingway.

Plain octagonal muffineer, with small vase sur
mounting pierced top.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

159

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1714-5

1715-5

1716-7

(3!)

Philip Brush
Josiah Daniel
Nathl. Bland
Richd. Gines
Henry Beesley
Henry Miller
Thos. Allen
David Killmaine
Fras. Plymley
John Corporon
Danl. Sleamaker
Humph. Payne
Petley Ley
Thos. Port
Jas. Goodwin
Danl. Yerbury
Geo. Lambe
Robt. HiU
Thos. Holland
John Holland
Nat. Roe
Jos. Clare
Thos. Mason
Paul de Lamerie
Thos. Ewesdin
Jas. Seabrook

ent. 1707. 1714

Articles and Owners.

1697-
1715- »)
1716. 1704. 1701. 1715-1713-1710.J715- 1713-1716.1707. 1711,1 7 10,
1713 1716, 1712,1713
1714,

Fluted Porringer : From the Temple-Frere CoU'n.
Mark registered 21st Feb., 1714.
Do. do. 10th June, do.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. B. Jefferis.
Do. do. : Mr. M. Falk.
Plain oval snuff-box or wafer-box.
Pepper-caster : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
Communion paten : St. Michael's, Ashford.
Two communion cups and two alms-dishes : St.
Clement's, East Cheap.
A pair of rat-tail dessert-spoons.
Octagonal caster : From the Temple-Frere CoU'n.
Rat-tail spoons: Mr. Peters; also (1721) com.
cup : Middleton.
A pap-boat : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Fluted porringer, usual spir\l flutings.
Toy porringer : Mr. S. Phillips.
Oblong snuffers' tray, with rounded corners.
Rat-tail dessert-spoon.
Mark registered 13th January, 1716.
Small bowl : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
Rat-tail table-spoon : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Do. do. : Mr. E. Heron-Allen.
Com. cup and alms-dish : St. Paul's, Shadwell.
Pair of candlesticks : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Sauce-boat: Mr. Boore; also (1712) pair ot octagonal salt
cellars : Mr. A. Bateman ; (1717-8) covered cup : The Duke
of Devonshire ; and two-handled gold cup and cover :
Berkeley Castle.
Com. patens : St. Nicholas, Gloucester.
A pair of rat-tail table-spoons.

i6o

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1716-7

Goldsmiths' Names and Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1717-

(2J

C9

CO

.Anty. Nelme ent. 1697,
Geo. Lambe „ 1713.

Si
9

Wm. David
Jno, Danl,
Jos. Richd.
Jas.
Wm.
Jno.Robt.
Wm.
Isaac
Edw.
Phil.
Thos.
Jno.
Wm.
Jas.Thos.
Starling
Paul Thos.
Wm.
Sam.

Bellassyse ,,
Green „
Guerrie „
Cunningham,, Bell
Edwards ,,
Morson ,,
Pearson ,,
Fraillon „
KemptonPenstone ,,
Riboulau „
Barnett „
Robinson „
Holland
Harris ,,
Street „
Smith „
Shermer „
WilfordHanet ,,
Burridge „
Bellamy „
Welder

1717,
1710, )>
1717
1714,
1715-1713-
1707.1716,
1717-1718,1717,

Sauce boat : Viscount Clifden.
Octagonal pepper caster : Captain Garnham.
1716, Taper holder: Viscount Clifden; also (1720)
com, cup : Cross Canonby, Cumb.
Candlestick : Cambridge Plate Exhibition.
1717. Rat-tail table-spoon.
1716. Mark registered nth Feb., 1716.
A cylindrical tankard, with domed top.
An octagonal bottle-shaped tea caddy : Lady
Page Turner.
Pair of rat-tail table-spoons.
Mark registered 21st May, 1717.
Tazza-shaped covered paten or ciborium on foot :
St. Mary's, Ealing.
Lemon strainer : S. Kensington Museum.
Porringer, spiral flutings, repousse shield in front.
Rat-tail table-spoon : Sir J. T. Firbank.
Do. dessert-spoon.
An oblong snuff box,rounded corners, cabled band.
Rat-tail spoon ; 3^0(1713-4) paten: St. Peters',
Hereford.
Pair of octagonal baluster -shaped candlesticks.
Snuffers and stand on octagonal tray.
Repousse and chased hook for chatelaine.
A plain tumbler.
A large watch-case ; Mr. W. Boore.
Mounts of shagreen etui.
A shaving pot.
Circular salver, with plain raised edge.
Salt spoon ; Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

i6i

D.4TE,

Goldsmiths'

Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1718-9

®

Ambro

se Stevenson ent

1706,

Small circular salver on foot : Mr, Hamilton.

@

Wm.

Petley

1717,

Do. do, do. : Mr. R. G. Hussey.

(g)

Paul

Hanet ,,

1715-

Rat-tail spoon.

m

John

Farnell „

1714,

Spoon-tray : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

Chas.
Jackson „
J)
Rat-tail .spoon ; also (1715) paten : Betchworth,
Surrey.
Thos.
Parr
1697.
Snuffers and upright hexagonal snuffers' stand :
The Author's Collection.
m
Geo.
Beale
1713-
I^emon strainer : Messrs. Carrington.
oa
Ed.
Holaday „
1709,
Large flagons, presented 1718 : Mercers' Company.
*
John
Sanders ,,
1717.
Octagonal trencher salts : The Author's CoU'n.
Wm.
Fawdery (as 1708)
1705.
Flagon : St. Mary Bow.
fSs
Wm.
Darker
1718.
Plain octagonal sugar casters : Merton College,
Oxford.
#
Wm,
Paradise
"
Communion cup : Lazonby, Cumb.
@
Hugh
Saunders
"
Octagonal candlestick of baluster form.
EIO
John
Bignell
"
A needle-case, engraved with monogram CL.
@
Geo.
Gillingham .,
"
Mark registered 25th September, 1718.
CSI
Jno.
Millington „
"
A rat-tail dessert-spoon.
iS
Jno.
Lingard „
"
Mark registered 28th June, 1718.
«i
Do,
do. (for O.S.),,
1719
Do. do. loth June, 1719.
1719-20
#
Thos.
Tearle „
"
Alms-plate : Corsham, Wilts.
It^
Thos.
I..angford
1715
Com. cup : St. Mary, Bedfont, Mids.
@
Rene
HudeU
1718.
Helmet-shaped milk-jug : Mr. F. D. Wingfield.
^
Wm.
Spackman „
1714.
Salver : Messrs. Carrington ; also (1717-8) com.
cup : Llanwarne, Herefordshire.
S
Geo.
Boothby „
1720,
A plain sauce-boat : Mr. R. N. Crosslej'.
S3!
John
White
1719.
Pair of fiuted dishes : Mr. Chester-Master.
@D
Jn. le
Sage
1718.
Half-a-dozen three-pronged forks.
€D
Benj.
Blakeley „
1715-
A plain snuff or water-box.
n
l62

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and

Names.

Articles and Owners.

1719-20

m

Thos. (2nd I

Allen
^lark)

ent. 1697.

Straining spoon : St. Margaret's, Westminster.

.'

KW

Thos.

Morse

„ 1718.

Circular salver on foot ; Mr. B. Mcl-Cay.

)J

%

Edw.

Gibbon

„ 1719-

Rat-tail table spoon : Mr. Davison.

"

^

Saml.

Smith

„ >,

Sugar caster from the Londesborough Collection.

"

«

Jos.

Steward

n ))

Cylindrical tankard, moulded foot and band,
domed top.

"

Jos.

Clare,

as 1716-7.

Alms-dish : St. Magnus the Martyr, I^ondon
Bridge.

»

P

Chris.

Gerrard

ent. 1719.

Plain octagonal caster.

JJ

@)

Edmd.

Hickman

>,

Rat-tail table spoons.

"

@

Wm.

Pearson

„ „

Mark for restored Old Standard, registered 24th
Jan., 1720.

"

@

Geo.

Brydon

,, 1720.

Chased sugar bowl : i\Ir. R. Day, F.S.A.

J>

^

Thos.

Gladwin

.. 1719-

Rat-tail dessert spoons.

¦¦

^

Starling

Wilford

„ 1720.

Mark for restored Old Standard, registered 30th
Jan., 1720.

"

ISl

John

Lingard

.. 1719-

Three-pronged forks : Messrs. Crichton.

„

&

John

Jones

JJ J)

Rat-tail table spoon.

)>

OD

Paul

Hanet

., 1717-

Oval snuff box ; Mr. Hawes.

"

(U)

Edwd.

HaU

„ 1720.

Mark for restored Old Standard, registered 14th
Jan., 1720.

"

<^

Bowles

Nash

„ „

Long rat-tail gravy spoon.

»

®

Hodgkis

„ 1719-

A pint mug or tankard without lid.

)J

on

Phyllis

PhiUip

„ 1720.

Mounts of circular horn box.

"

^

Name not traced.

Inkstand ; Sir Michael Hicks Beach.
"
(SP
Phylis
Phillip
„ „
Small cylindrical bodkin or needle case.
"
1$
Richard
Gines
„ „
Porringer, with shaped shield in front.
"
@
Wm.
(O.S.
Scarlett
as before 1
697)'-
Small oval tray, with fluted border : Mrs. Budd.
"
<$>
Mary
Rood
Ji J)
Engraved cover of tablets for memoranda.
"
©
Christr.
Gerrard
„ „
Mark for restored Old Standard, registered 2nd
July, 1720.
1720-21
CB
John
Edwards
„ 1697.
Com. flagon : St. Margaret, Uxbridge.
London Goldsmiths' Marks.

163

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

y0 John Fawdery ent. 1697.
Paul Crespin „ 1720,
Matt. Cooper „ „
Ann Tanqueray „ „
Chas. Jackson „ „
Sarah Holaday

Articles and Owners.

©5 ran &

Hugh Arnett & )
Ed. Pocock /
Name not traced.
Thos. Bamford
Jno. Bromley
Benj. Watts
John Bignell
John Betts
Michl. Boult
Saml. Hitchcock
Thos. Sadler
Geo. Boothby
PhiL RoUes
Jno. Hopkins
Do. do.
Saml. Welder
¦•¦¦John Penfold(probably).

Fras.
Jas. Jno.

TurnerMorson Millington

1719

1720.

Com. flagon and paten : St. Mary's, Harefield.
Shallow saucepan, ebony handle.
Two-handled cup and cover : The Marquess
Townshend.
Sugar caster : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Small plain salver : Mr. L. T. Crossley.
Plain hexagonal taper -holder.
Octagonal coffee-pot, with octagonal spout and
Ud.
Alms-dish ; St. Magnus, London Bridge.
Oval tobacco box : Mr. I>. Hutchinson.
Snuff or powder box, with hinged lid.
Table spoon, ridge in front of stem, round end
and double drop at back of bowl, known
as the " Hanoverian pattern."
Mounts of shagreen etui : Mr. Caldwell.
Watch-case : Mr. W. Boore.
Mark for restored Old Standard, registered 20th
June, 1720.
Do. do. do. 19th October, 1720.
A circular salver on foot : Mr. R. Day, F.S.-A.
Bottle-shaped tea-caddy : do.
Octagonal taper-holder.
New Standard mark, registered Jan., 1720.
Old do. do. do.
Do. do. do. 28th July, 1720.
-Alms-dish : Witney, Oxfordshire.
Toady's tablet case.
Toy porringer : Mr. Crichton.
Mark tor restored Old Standard, registered 23rd
June, 1720.

¦¦ Old Standard mark from before 1697 re-used. See also Supplementary Table XIIIa {supva).

164

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1720-1

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

«i9
CO
(^ CD OD OS
GE3

(33
OS

Articles and Owners.

Thos. Folkingham ent. 1720,
John Ludlow
Thos. Mann
Ed. Jennings
Do. do. (O.S.)
Richd. Watts
Name not traced
J. Burridge „
Jno. Barnard ,,
A'brose Stevenson „
F'dw. Feline „
Jas. Seabrook „
Jos. Steward „
Henry Miller
Geo. Squire „
G.ibl. Sleath
PhU Roker (N,S.) „
Do, do, (O.S,) „
Geo. Brydon ,,
Hen. Greene ,,
Edwd, Pearce ,,
Jno. Brumhall ,, 1721.
Jno. Newton ,, 1720.
Wm, Mathew „ „
Saml. Lee „ ,,

Snuff-box : Mr. G. Widdowson.
Taper-holder : Mr. Hardcastle.
O.S. mark registered ist July, 1720.
Lady's thimble-case : Mrs. Wintle.
Thimble to do. : do.
Cylindrical tankard, domed top.
From impressions supplied to the -Author,
Do, do. do.
Do. do, do.
Salver on foot : Mr. Deacon,
Snuff-box : Mr. Carr (see last entry on following
page).
From impressions supplied to the Author.

Do. Do. Do.

do. do. do.

do.do. do.

Caster: Mr, W. Smith; coffee-pot (1723); Dr.
Davies.
Mark registered 7th April, 1720.
Do. do. 17th Aug., do.
Hanoverian pattern spoon.
Meat skewer, with ring at end.
Cover of small toilet-box.
From impressions supplied to the -Author.
Do. do. do.
A pair of moulded octagonal salt-cellars.
A " skittle-ball " tea-pot, with chased band.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

165

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1721-

1722-3

®

f
CD
£23

Henry Clarke ent. 1720.
Jno. Corosey „ „
Jno. Farnell „ „
Glover Johnson ,, „
Wra. Looker „ „
Phil. Rainaud „ „
Ed. Vincent ,, ,,
(probably).
Isaac Liger „ ,,
Henry Jay „ „
Jos. Clare ,, ,,
M. Arnett & (
Ed. Pocock j "
Simon Pantin „ „
John Wisdome ,, ,,
(probably),
Jane Lambe „ 1719
Ed. Turner ,, 1720
Abm. Buteux „ 1721
Saml. Lee ,, ,,
Geo. Wickes ,, ,,
Hugh Spring ,, „
Mary Rood
Gundry Roode „ ,,
Wm. Truss ,, „
Do. do.
Bowles Nash ,, „
Edward Feline „ 1720,

Articles and Owners,

Marrow scoop : Edkins Collection,
From rubbings supplied to the Author
Do. do, do.
Small circular cachou or patch box.
O.S. mark registered 6th July, 1720.
Do. do, 26th Oct., do.
Communion cups : Orton, Westmor.
Oval hot--water jug ; Woods' Hotel.
Salver : Mr. G. Lambert ; also alms-plate of
1716, dated 1718 : Hunton, Kent.
Table spoons, Hanoverian pattern.
Salver: Mr. W. Dale; also (1724) com. cup:
Barmston, A^orks,
Two-handled cup : Paper-stainers' Company,
Paten on foot, dated 1721 : Pulham, Dorset,
From impressions supplied to the Author.
Do. do. do. do.
Candlesticks of 1723-4: The Duke of Portland.
A circular bowl, matching the teapot of 1720.
Plain bottle-shaped tea"caddv : Mr. R. Day,
F.S.A.
N.S. mark registered 22nd December, 1721.
Table spoon ; Hanoverian pattern.
Cream jug chased, with figures and foliage : The
Marquess Townshend.
(of Reading) N.S. mark registered 22nd Sept.,
1721.
Do. do. O.S. do. do. do.
Alms-dish, dated 1723 : St. Margaret's, West
minster.
Salver : Messrs. Crichton.

i66

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths'

Marks and

Names.

Articles and Owners.

1722-3

1

Jno. le

Sage

ent. 1722.

Table spoons, Hanoverian pattern : Mr. D. Gray.

"

(3*

Ed.Benj.
Name

Wood
Pyne
not traced.

as 1706.

Salver, with plain raised moulded border.
Communion cup : Firbank, Westmor.
Two communion cups ; St. Lawrence, Jewry.

»

-Anth.

Nelme

as 1716.

Monteith : Clare Coll., Cambridge.

¦'

@

Edw.

Jennings

ent. 1720.

Rat-tail spoons ; Mr. H. D. EUis.

"

«)

Jno.

Bignell

„ „

Com. cup. : Holy Trinity, Minories.

-

<^

Natl.

Gulliver

,, 1722.

Bread platter : Howden, Yorks.

^

David

Willaume

„ 1720.

Tankard, moulded band and base, domed top.

OS

Jno.

Eckford

)> n

Circular toilet box.

&
Isaac
Riboulau
„
Plain bulbous milk jug.
^
Pere
Pilleau
J> ))
Engraved snuff box : Mr. Lascelles Carr.
@
Edw.
Wood
JJ JJ
SmaU taper-holder : Messrs. Spink.
(551
Jas.
Gould
„ 1722.
From a rubbing supplied to the Author.
fi»i
Nich.
Clausen
„ 1720.
Do. do. do. do.
@
Phil.
Robinson
.. 1723-
A child's christening mug.
^
.Phil.
Goddard
„ „
N.S. mark, registered 23rd Jan., 1723.
e
Do.
do.
JI y
O.S. do. do. do.
<^
Natl.
Gulliver
„ „
Milk jug: Mr. Winstone ; also (1723-4) com.
flagon ; Weston-under-Penyard, Herefords.
@
Isaac
Cornasseau
,. „
N.S. mark, registered 20th July, 1722.
%
Do.
do.
»
O.S. do. do. do. do.
^
Michl.
NichoU
„ „
N.S. do. do, 4th April, 1723.
B3
John
Clarke
,. 1722.
An etui ; Mrs. Bromage.
EQ
Geo.
Young
,. „
Vinaigrette : Mr. A. Thomas.
®
Jno.
Clarke
.-
Patch box : Mr. R. NichoU.
«
Jas.
Fraillon
.. 1723-
Watch case : Mr. F. R. Hill.
<t>
Ed.
Dymond
„ 1722.
Snuff box : Mr. L. Bennett.
London Goldsmiths' Marks.

[67

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners,

1722-3

1723-4

i €S»
CD as

^

(5

S
(^

(^

Ed. Dymond ent. 1722.
Jeremiah King „ 1723
Do. do.
Wm. Soame „
Do. do. „
John Jones ,,
Do. do. „
Henry Dell „ 1722.
Wm. Owen „ 1723,
John Gibbons „ „
Meshach Godwin ,, 1722,
John East „ 1721,
Thos. Farrer „ 1720
Thos. Morse „ „
Aug. Cortauld ,, 1708.
J'nthn. Madden ,, 1702.
Edw. Peacock „ 17 10.
Richd. Scarlett „ 1723.
John Chartier „ „
Arthr. Dicken „ 1720.
Paul de Lamerie „ 1712.
John Jones „ 1719.
Edw. Gibbon „ 1723,
Wm. Spackman „ 1720,
J'nthn. Robinson „ 1723,

Small hand-bell, ivory handle : Mrs. Shaw.
N.S. mark, registered nth Sept., 1723.
O.S. do. do. do.
N.S. do. 19th June, do.
O.S. do. do. do.
N.S. do. 27th March, do.
O.S. do. do. do.
A baby's coral : Mrs. Hammond.
Neck mount and cover of crystal bottle.
A waist buckle : Mrs. Budd.
Paten on foot : St. Helens, York.
Large tankard ; Armourers' Co.
Alms-dish : S.S. Peter & Paul, S. Weald, Essex.
Cylindrical halt-pint mug, with moulded band
and base.
Two-handled cup : Hon. Soc Inner Temple.
Paten on four feet : St. Lawrence, Cowley.
Alms-dish : St. Mary, Hadley Monken.
A helmet-shaped ewer : Sir Charles Welby, Bart.
Cylindrical tankard, domed top : Col. Fitzgerald.
A plain toddy ladle : General Meyrick.
Small waiter : Sir. Samuel Montagu, Bart.
Small milk-jug : Mrs. J. Bird.
A small square tray with incurved corners : Mr.
R. Day, F.S.A.
A smaU globular tea-pot : Madame de Falbe.
A pair of table-spoons, Hanoverian pattern.

1 68

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1723-4

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1724-5

Cl

#

Si) @

{^ P
© ^
QJ

J'nth'n Robinson ent, 1723, A helmet-shaped milk ewer : Mr, H. Mitford.

Richd. Edwards
John Owing
John Edwards & )
Geo. Pitches /
Richd. Bigge

1724

1723

(probably)
Richd. Scarlett ent. 1719,

D, Tanqueray
Abm, Buteux
Meshach Godwin
Humphy. Payne
Paul Crespin
Jacob Margas
Fleurant David
Do. do.
Mathw. Lofthouse
John Edwards

Edw.
John

Conen
Jones

W'sc'mbe Drake
Jas. Burne
Do. do.
Saml. Hutton
Do. do.
Ed. Peacock
John Owing
Peter Simon

1720,
1721.
1723-
1720,

1724
1721.
17241723-
1724,

1725-

-An octagonal trencher salt, with spreading base,
-•V pair of plain shoe buckles : -Mr. F. Martin,
Three rat-tail spoons : Mr, W. Boore.
Sniall porringer : S. Kensington Museum.
(N.S,) Rat-tail spoon ; Mr, E. Heron-Allen.
Half-a-dozen plain dinner plates.
-A porringer, spiral flutings and repousse shield.
Communion cup, dated 1724: St. Thomas,
Cliffe, Lewes.
Communion flagons : St. Martins-cum-Gregory,
York ; and (1729) Brockhampton, Hereford,
A pair of rat-tail dessert spoons.
-A coffee pot (truncated cone) with domed top.
Two-handled cup and cover, chased with masks
and foliage in relief (1725), given by King
Geo. I. to his god-son, George Townshend,
son of Charles Lord Viscount Townshend,
born 29th February, 1724.
A pair of shoe buckles : Mrs. Owen.
A sugar caster : Mr. R. Day, F.S.-A,
A toy porringer and saucer.
-A watch case converted into a tobacco box.
A smaU oval box, with threaded lid.
N.S, mark registered 4th March, 1724,
O.S. do. do, do,
N.S. mark registered 7th Oct., 1724.
O.S. do. do. 7th Jan., 1725,
Plain salver on foot,
A pair of small three-pronged forks.
N,S. mark registered 14th May, 1725.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

169

D.VTE,

Goldsmiths' .Marks and Names.

.Articles and Owners.

1724-5

m

Peter

Simon ent.

1725'

O.S, mark registered 14th May, 1725.

"

^

John

Motherby „

1718,

Small toilet box : Mrs. S. Widdowson.

'¦

^

John

Pero

1717-

Punch ladle : Mr. H. Middleton,

"

(S

J'n'thn

Newton ,,

1718,

Oval snuff-box : Captain F. Powell.

1725-6

E

Abui, de

Oliveyra „

1725-

Neck-mount and lid of scent bottle.

"

^

John

Eckford

..

Table spoons, Hanoverian pattern.

"

^

Josh.

Healey ,,

"

N.S. mark registered 19th August, 1725.

"

m

Do.

do.

..

O.S. do. do. do. do.

J)

®

Robt.

Lucas „

"

A small globular tea-pot : The Marquess Towns
hend.

"

m^

Harry

Price „

)i

Marrow scoop, with engraved ornament in centre.

&

John

Gorsuch „

"

Plain coffee pot, domed top : Mr. Chisholm.

Cgj

Wm.

Toone „

»

Table spoons : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

"

%

Jos.

Bird

1724

Punch ladle : Mr, R. Drane,

,

%

Hugh

Saunders „

1718,

I^air of flagons: St. -Martin, Ruislip, Middlesex.

"

a

Paul

Hanet

1721.

Spoon, presented by Paul Hanet, St. John,
Westminster,

"

i^

Fras,

Garthorne „

))

(As before 1697), Two com, flagons : St, John's,
Wapping.

::

E^

Edw.Thos.

Vincent „
(probably)Mason ,,

1720.

Com, cup : Long Preston, A'orks.
Soup ladle ; Mr. Lake ; also (1723-4) com. paten :
A'arpole, Herefordshire.

"

^

Jas.

Gould „

1722.

Taper stick: Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.

"

&

John

Edwards „

1724.

Salver : Mr. Boore ; also (1728-9) com. cup :
King's Caple, Herefordshire.

"

©

Geo.

Wickes

1721.

Milk jug: Edkins Collection.

"

^

Thos.

Clark

1725'

Plain salver on foot : Mr. T. Hutchinson.

>,

^

Thos.

England ,,

"

A shaving pot : Mr. E. Johnson.

>'

t^

Wm.

Scarlett

>•

Table spoons : Hanoverian pattern.

,,

as

Peter

Tabart „

"

N.S. mark registered 7th July, 1725.

"

aa

Peter

Tabart

"

O.S. do. do. do.

T70

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1725-6

1726-7

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

(33 Mathew Cooper ent. 1725

trra

Do. do.
Louis Laroche
John Flavin
Name not traced.
Wm. Darkeratt
Richd. Green
Benj. Pyne (as before 1697)
Peter Archambo ent. 1722
Wm. Fawdery „ 1720
Wm. Atkinson
I'ras. Nelme

17261724.
1726.

Articles and Owners.

1725
1722.

CD too

(29

®#

Bern'd. Fletcher
Thos. Bamford
Robt. Williams
Do. do.
Ga^'^'en Nash
Chas. Perier
Do. do.
Geo. Brome
Peter le Chaube
Isaac Ribouleau
¦¦¦¦¦Jno. Smith
Edw. Wood
Ed. Cornock
Saml. Bates

1725
1720.1726

1727
1726
1720. I)
1722
1707

N.S. mark, registered 30th June, 1725.
O.S. do. do. do. do.
Table spoon ; Mr. Geo. Lowe.
Do. do. ; Mr. Edw. Jones.
Com. flagon : St. Mary Mag., Littleton, Mids'x.
Two Com. flagons : St. Martin-in-the-Fields.
Com. paten : St. Margaret, Uxbridge.
Great Mace ; Borough of Westminster.
Sugar caster, with applied strap ornamentation.
Pair of sauce boats, with scroll handles.
Pair of octagonal candlesticks of baluster form.
Plain two-handled tankard, domed lid.
Oblong salver on feet, plain moulded edge.
Muffineer : Jesus Coll., Cambridge.
N.S. mark, registered 2nd Oct., 1726.
O.S. do. do. do. do.
Large rat-tail hash spoon, with tubular handle.
N.S. mark, registered 6th Jan., 1727.
O.S. do, do. do. do.
Snuff box ; Glasgow Exhibition.
A gold locket : ^^r. W. Boore.
Rat-tail table spoons: The Author's CoU'n.
Milk jug : Mr. J. Whaley.
Pair of octagonal salts : The Author's CoU'n.
Alms-dish ; St. Mary Mag., N. Ockenden, Essex.

1727. Trencher salt : Mr. R. Drane.

HerefoTdshire"''' "^ *'"' "'"'''' '" ''' '"'"'" "^'""^ ^""'^ '' °" "" P""^^" °^ '7"-3' ""^ ^"""' ""P'^

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

171

Date.

Goldsmiths'

Marks and Nam

ES.

Articles and Owners.

1727-8

g

Jno.le

Sage ent

1722.

Tankard : Dunn-Gardner Collection.

"

^

Name not traced.

Com. paten : Portslade, Sussex.

>'

^

Sarah

' Holaday ,,

1725.

Table spoons ; Hanoverian pattern.

"

^

John

East

1721.

Large tankard : Armourers' Company.

J)

§

Jonah

Clifton

1720.

Three-pronged forks, dessert size.

"

i

Saml.

Laundry „

1727.

Double-spouted toddy ladle.

"

Edmd. Chas.
Jas.

Bodington „
Kandler &
Murray ' "

"

Jug, with short spout and scroll handle : Mr.
R. Day, F.S.A.
N.S. mark, registered 29th Aug., 1727.

"

@

Do.

do.

"

O.S. Do. do. do. do.

"

m

Edw.

Bennett ,,

"

Globular tea pot, with chased Arabesque band.

JJ

0

Hester

Fawdery „

"

A pair of shoe buckles.

"

s^

Thos.

Cooke „

"

Marrow scoop ; Mr. Bruford.

"

^

Richd.

Hutchinson „

"

Helmet-shaped cream jug on three legs.

»

Chas.

Kandler „

,,

Soup tureen : Mr. Parkes.

"

C33

Geo.

Weir

••

I This mark is found on a s.-nall spoon ; also (on a larger scale) on
\ a com. paten and flagon of 1712-3 in Burrington Ch., Herefordsli.

"

ov:i

Do.

do.

JJ

O.S. mark, registered 27th July, 1727.

JJ

#

Name not traced. ,,

"

Snuff-box : Mr. Edward Bass.

JJ

^

Abel

Brokesby „

"

Plain octagonal muffineer.

JJ

GD

Dike

Impey ,,
(probably)

"

An engraved purse ring.

"

l=V1

Benj.

Bentley „

1728,

O.S. mark, registered 31st Jan., 1728.

"

<^

Mary

Johnson „

1727.

Mount of crystal bottle.

"

@

I.

Wichaller „

1728.

O.S. mark, registered 2nd April, 1728.

"

(gS

Chas.

Hatfield

1727,

A pair of plain sauce ladles.

JJ

®

Sam

Laundry „

"

SmaU straining spoon : Hanoverian pattern.

..

ran

Matw.

Cooper

1725-

A chatelaine hook and thimble case.

¦•

CD

David

Willaume „

1728.

N.S. mark, registered 2nd April, 1728.

17-

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date. , Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1727-8

1728-9

£

Danl. Cunningham ent. 1720,
Richd. Gines „ 1720,
Geo. Gillingham
Chas. Hatfield

6D

OS

Jacob Foster
Saml. Green

1721
1727
1726.

1728,1720.
1721,

1722.
1720,

CD
(S)
(E3 igi

Wm. Sha-\v
Wm. Darkeratt
James Goodwin
Tim. Ley (as before 1697)
Bl. Fraillon ent. 1727
Isaac Callard „ 1726,
Name not traced
James Wilkes
Peter Archambo
Josh. HoUand
Simon Pantin
John Millington
FMward Bennett
Ralph Frith
Do. do.
Geo. Hodges „ „
Do. do.
John Fawdery „ „
John Montgomery „

Articles and Owners.

1728.
1727,
1728

Dessert spoon, Hanoverian pattern : Mrs, -A. Wilks.
Plain cream jug : Mrs. Cobb.
Lid of glass pomade pot : Mrs. F. Harrison.
A tiny three-pronged fork : Mr. Falk.
.A plain tankard, domed top.
Cream jug : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
A small tea spoon " H.C.B. 1727 " engraved, but
without date-letter.
Alms-dish : St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, E.C.
Sugar caster : Mr. S. Deane.
Waterman's badge : Barber Surgeons' Company.
Taper holder ; Mr. Jas. Gurney.
A plain cream jug on three legs.
Hanoverian pattern dessert spoon : Mr. B. Jefferis.
Spoon : Mr. Ince ; also (1737-8) com. flagon,
Lugwardine.
A sauce ladle : Lord Dormer.
A small trussing skewer : Mr. G. Lowe.
A plain cylindrical tankard, moulded band and
foot, domed cover.
A small circular salver on drum toot.
A Hanoverian pattern table spoon.
N.S, mark registered 24th June, 1728,
0,S, do, do, do. do,
N,S. do. do. 12th Sept. do.
O.S, do. do. do, do.
-A plain hemispherical toddy ladle.
A table spoon, with marrow scoop at end of stem.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

17:

Date.

1728-9
1729-30

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1730-1

(^

DCs

rah

*&

Starling Wilford ent. 1729,

1721 1720.

17301720.
1729.1720.1729.

John Tuite--'
Thos. Tearle
Ed. Vincent
Paul de Lamerie
Ralph Maidman
Richd. Scarlett
Name not traced
John Jones
Saml. Margas
Chas. Alchorne
Sam. Welder
Benj. Goodwill
Chas. Martin
Edith Fletcher
Eliz. Goodwin

Jas. Maitland „ 1728.
of the "Grasshopper," SuEolk Street.

Aug. Courtauld ent. 1729.
Paul de Lamerie „ 1712.
Saml. Jefferys ,, 1697.
Gabl. Sleath „ 1720.
Richd. Bayley „ „
Wm. Belassyse ,, 1723.
Isaac Callard „ 1726.
Wm. Petley ,. 1720.
Pere Pilleau „ „

-Articles and Owners.

A large gold signet ring : Mr. W. Boore.
Large salver, shaped and moulded border : Sir
Chas. Welby, Bart.
Ewer with mask spout, handle formed ot a female
figure : The Author's Collection.
Large oblong tray on four feet ; Hon. Soc. of the
Middle Temple.
(O.S.) Escallop sheU : Sir S. Montagu, Bart.
Small salver : Dunn-Gardner Collection.

Pair of plain octagonal baluster -shaped candle
sticks.
Child's mug : Messrs. Crichton.

A meat skewer, with ring at end.
A lion tankard : Mr. Alfred Cock.
Hanoverian pattern table spoons.
Plain two-handled mug.
Plain Hanoverian pattern tea spoon.
Tankard: Messrs. Spink ; also (1731) com. flagon ;
All Saints, Hereford.
A small scissors case for a chatelaine.
O.S. mark registered 2nd Dec, 1729.
Do. do. do. June, 1728.
The state salt of the City of I-ondon Corporation.
(N.S.) Coffee pot : Sir S. Montagu, Bart.
Do. The " Ludlow cups " : Hon. Soc. of the
Middle Temple.
Pair of com. cups and flagons ; St. George's,
Bloomsbury.
Com. flagon : St. Mary, Hendon.
Plain milk jug, with short loop handle.
Three-pronged forks : Mr. Boore ; and (1737)
Lord Amherst.
I'ertorated Hanoverian pattern wiue-straining
spoon : St. Magnus, London Bridge.
l-'lain marrow scoop.

« Tohn Tuite son of Jas. Tuite, of Drogheda, merchant, apprenticed in 1703 to John i\latthews
,F Dublin eoldsmith, used the above mark in Dublin, where he worked 1710-20. An entry recording
his having " gone away " appears in the minute-book of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

174

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1730-1

1731-2

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

S
^

CD
(23
0X3

<&

(53

John Chapman ent. 1730,
Samuel Hitchcock ,, „

Jas. Jenkins
Wm. Justes
Wm. Reeve
Aaron Bates
Aug. Cortauld
John Gamon
Edwd. Yorke
Geo. Hindmarsh
David Willaume
Wm. Darker
Thos. England
Jane Lambe
Mary Lofthouse
Thos. Merry
Jeffrey Griffith
Sarah Parr

Robt. Abercrombie & )
Geo. Hindmarsh (

Wm. Woodward
Thos. Causton ,
Etienne Rongent
Sam Laundry &)
Jeffy Griffith /

1732-3

®

Joseph Smith

JJ

s

Edw. Pocock

¦¦

®

John Sanders

I73I

1730. 1708.1728.
1730^1731.1728.
1731-1725-
1729.
1731-

Articles and Owners.

1720,1731- J)
1730' 1731 JJ
1728
1720.

Plain coffee pot : Mr. Chisholm.
O.S. mark, registered 5th Oct., 1730.
Do. do. 26th April, 1731.
A purse ring : Mr. Connell.
O.S. mark, registered 14th May, 1731.
A plain watch-case : Mr. S. Barnett.
Coffee pot ; Mr. W. Comyns.
Tablespoon: Mr. I. Whaley ; also (1732-3) com.
paten : King's Pyon, Herefordshire.
Pair of com. flagons : St. John the Evangelist,
Westminster.
O.S. mark, registered December, 1735.
Communion cup : Osgathorpe (1732).
Communion flagon: I'lington, Herefordshire.
O.S. mark, registered 26th Aug., 1725.
Tea spoons : Hanoverian pattern.
O.S. mark, registered 30th March, 1731.
Tooth -pick and case : Mr. Widdowfield.
Handle of pen-knife : Mr. Gwillim.
Small circular box for patches or wafers.
Salver with escalloped border : Mrs. Du Pasquier.
Egg-shaped coffee pot on moulded foot.
Cover of glass toilet pot.
A small mug : Mr. F. L. Fitzgerald.
O.S. mark, registered 2nd June, 1731.
Coffee pot: Mr. Drane; also (1737) double service
of com. plate: St. Giles', Cripplegate.
Gravy spoons: Mr. S. Deane; salver: Mr. Barclay Murdodi;
also (1733-4) co"i- t:up : Bridstow, Hereford.
Silver-gilt spoon : St. Mary-le-Strand.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

175

Date.

1732-3

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1733-4

1734-5

EB
CD

/TO ED

Name not traced.
Wm. I^ukin ent. 1725.
Fras. Spilsbury „ 1729.
Thos. Parr „ 1732,
Wm. Matthews „ 1728
Jas. Savage „ „
John Pero

Articles and Owners.

1732

Jas. Gould

Geo. R.
Wm.

Smith ,
W. (as 1696).
Soame

m

Chas. Gibbons
Wm. Shaw
John Eckford, jr.
-Aug. Cortauld
Jas. Slater
Richd. Bayley
••-¦Henry Herbert
(of the " Three Crowns.")
Wm. Soame
Eliz. Buteux
Danl. Chapman
Lewis Pantin
Chas. Sprage
Ralph Maidman
Caleb HiU
Lewis Mettayer
Wm. Gould

Small waiter : Messrs. Garrard.
Plain sugar caster ; Grant Morris Collection.
Sauce ladle: Messrs. Christie ; also (1733) large
salt : Trin. Coll., Camb.
A waist buckle, with corner shell-shaped orna
ments.
Small octagonal candlestick : Viscount Clifden.
Gallery of a small ebony tray.
Drum-shaped trencher salt.
Taper holder : Mr. Robert Day, F.S.-A.
Handle of pointed knife.
Trencher salt : Emmanuel Coll., Cambridge.
Jar-shaped tea caddy, with Chinese decoration.
Small cylindrical pepper caster, with loop handle.
172a. N.S. squat milk jug, with S-shaped handle.
1725- Tankard: Mr. J. Whaley ; com. flagon (1735):
Minchinhampton.
1729. A covered bowl on circular foot.
1732. Pair of com. flagons : St. I..uke's, Old St., L'don.
1720. Punch ladle: Mr. R. Drane.
1734. I-arge square waiter : S. Kensington Museum.
1732. Table spoon : Mr. B. Jefferis.
1731. Small deep oval dish, with fluted side.
1729. Short octagonal baluster -shaped candlestick.
1733. Octagonal trencher salt.
1734. A lemon strainer, with scroll handles.
1731. Small two-handled cup : The Author's Collection.
1728. Table spoons, with double drop at back of bowl.
1720. Table candlesticks of baluster form, square on
plan, with indented quadrant corners.
1732, A plain coffee pot : Mr. W. Boore.

¦--This mark with three small crowns above the letters (for Henry Herbert ot "the three
crowns " Leicester Fields), occurs on an oval bread basket sold at Messrs. Christie's, 26th June, 1900.

176

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Gold

smiths'

Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1734-5

Robt.

Abercrombie ent, 1731,

Two-handled cup : Gurney Collection,

(J)

John

Newton

„ 1726.

Hanoverian pattern table spoons.

Mary

Pantin

.. 1733-

Oval snuffers' tray.

fiTiJ
Richd.
Pargeter
,, 1730.
Table spoon, double drop : Mr. H. D. ElUs.
03
Hugh
Amell
,. 1734-
Mounts of small agate box.
(00
Alex
Edw.
Coates & ^
French I
O.S. mark registered 29th Aug., 1734.
E£i
John
Taylor
Small tea-spoons.
(3D
Wm.
John
Gould
Jacob
Do. do. 1 The lion-passant and
¦ maker's mark are the
1 only marks stamped
¦'-'o- do. Qjj these spoons.
03
John
Pollock
Do. do.
1
Jas.
-Manners
Table candlestick : Mrs. Dawson.
„ 33
1
Edw.
French
A rococo waist-buckle.
m
Jas.
Brooker
Salt spoon (Uon-passant and maker's mark only).
©
Sam.
Hutton
A short baluster-shaped candlestick.
C33
Wm.
Kidney
An escallop .shell.
1735-6
@
Geo.
Jones
„ 1724-
Punch ladle with double spout.
#
Richd.
Thos,
Gurney tv: 1
Cook )
>. 1734-
Muffineer: Mr. Middleton ; cup cover (1738):
AU Saints, West Ham.
" 1^
Edw.
Bennett
.. 1731-
Table spoons, double drop : Mr. R. Beauchamp.
! @
Fred
Kandler
.. 1735-
I'lain vase-shaped caster : Mrs. Du Pasquier.
¦¦ m
Benj.
Godfrey
.. 1732.
Globular fluted teapot: Dunn-Gardner Collection,
@
Grif,
Edwards
„ „
Two sniall three-pronged forks.
cs
Wm,
Shaw
.. 1727'
Oval bread basket : The Earl of Hardwicke's
CoUection.
^ li
Peter
Bennett
" 1731-
A plain coffee pot : Mrs, Dawson,
JE/'
John
White
" 1724-
A " double drop " dessert spoon.
¦¦ ! a
Wm.
Atkinson
.. 1725-
Salver, with moulded escalloped border, on four
feet.
(^
Wm,
A'oung
.. 1735-
Miniature two-handled cup : Mrs. Iggulden.
London Goldstniths' Marks.

177

Date.

1735-6

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1736-7

1737-8

CD

Articles and Owners.

f3 caa
CSS
CT51

John Barbe ent. 1735.
Geo. Hindmarsh ,, „
Christn.Hilland „ 1736.
Name not traced
Henry Herbert „ 1734.
(of the " Three Crowns ")
Lewis Hamon „ 1735,
Name not traced.
Wm. Garrard „ 1735
Sam. Wood „ 1733-7
Benj. West „ 1737.
Robt. Brown ,, 1736.
Ann HiU „ 1734,
Thos. Mason „ 1733
John Jones ,, „
John Fossey „ „
Brads]
R. TyriU
Jerem. I'Cing
Thos. Mann „ ,,
David Hennell „ „
Benj. West „ 1737
Henry Herbert „ 1734,
Joseph Allen & Co. „ 1729.
Geo. Weekes „ i735-
Jos. Sanders „ 1730.
SamL Blackborow „ 1720,
Thos. Whipham „ 1737.

Bennet Bradshaw& )

1737- 1736.

Tea caddy : Sir G. Webbe Dasent.
Table spoons, double drop pattern.
Marrow scoop, engraved border to centre part.
Salver : Grant-Morris Collection.
Jar-shaped tea caddy, repousse and chased.
Three-quarter-pint mug, with applied band and
base moulding.
Table spoons, double drop : The -Author's Colin.
Plain globular milk jug, with short neck and
loop handle.
Sugar caster : Lord Dormer ; also cruet stand
(1731-2) : Major Burton Forster.
Spoon, double drop : St. Giles', Cripplegate.
Com. paten : St. Cuthbert's, Hawkshead ; tan
kard : Vintners' Company.
Three dessert spoons, double drop pattern.
Bulb-shaped tankard, domed top.
Lid of glass toilet pot.
Pair of snuffers.
Mark registered 21st March, 1737.
Small two-handled cup ; Milbank Collection.
Pair of rococo candlesticks, Louis XV. style.
Pair of salt spoons, fully marked.
SmaU tea spoon (lion and maker's marks only).

The " Sidney " two-handled cup : The Author's Collection.
Bread platter : Kensington Palace Chapel.

Sauce boat : I^ord Clifden.
Helmet-shaped cream jug, on three lion's mask
feet.
Small salver, with shell and scroll border.
Com. cup ; Kirkby Iredale, I-ancs.
Pair of table spoons, embossed with shells.

178

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

D.ATE.

1737-8

1738-9

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

m£23
OD
SD

CD

gSD GB

m

Richd. Beale ent.
Simon Jouet „
Thos. Jackson ,,
Thos. Gladwin „
John Barrett „
Geo. Baskerville ,,
Philip Platel
Jas. Jenkins ,,
Gundry Roode ,,
John Robinson „
Jas. Schruder
Wm. Soame „
Sam. Wood „
Denis Wilks „
Richd. Zouch „
Thos. Whipham „
Fred I-^andler „
Jno. Robinson „
Louis Dupont ,,
Thos. Rush „
Benj. Blakeley „
Henry Bates „
Philip Bruguier „ „
Wm. West „
Fras. Pages „ 1739,
Robt. HiU

I73I' 17231736 1737
1737
17381737
1738. 1737-
1738.
1737-173S.1737-1735
17391735
1738.
1736.1724.
1738.

Articles and Owners.

Tea caddy : Sir Charles Crawford Fraser.
Pair of octagonal salts : The Author's Collection.
Plain circular punch ladle, with ebony handle.
Pair of dwarf table candlesticks.
A toasting fork, with tubular sliding handle.
Back and corners of a small book cover.
A globular tea-pot, with band of fine -Arabasque
chasing.
Sugar tongs, rococo chasing.
A bulb-shaped tankard, domed top, scroll handle.
Six table spoons, double drop pattern.
Pair of octagonal trencher salts.
Plain hemispherical toddy ladle.
A hexagonal baluster -shaped taper holder.
A plain pint mug, with scroll handle.
Milk jug: Mr. Drane; muffineer: Mr. Edginton.
Com. flagon : St. Andrew's, Boreham, Essex.
Two-handled loving cup; Hon. Soc. of the
Middle Temple.
Com. paten : Little Baddow, Essex.
An oblong snuffers' tray, with inset quadrant
corners.
Soup ladle, with sheU-shaped bowl.
Snuff box ; Dr. R. F. WooUett.
Nutmeg box and grater : Mr. Falk.
Small plain circular salver on foot, with moulded
border.
Plain tankard, moulded rib and base, scroll
handle and domed cover.
( Oval bread basket : The Hardwicke Collection '
L also (1750-1) com. cup : Pembridge.
A globular tea kettle, on tripod stand.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

179

Date.

Goldsmiths'

Marks and Names.--'

Articles and Owners.

1739-40

gUiJ

Wm.

Kidney ent. 1739.

Small bowl : Holburne Museum.

"

i

Paul

Lamerie „ „

Pierced and chased cake basket : Sir Charles
Welby, Bart.

¦•

®

Ben.

Blakeley

Haft of hunting knife : Mr. H. D. EUis ; also on
table spoon : The Author's Collection.

"

@

Isaac

Callard ,, ,,

Table spoon : S. ICensington Museum.

"

C5B

Jeff.

Griffith

t Plain globular cream jug, with loop handle.

"

^

Thos.

Tearle ,, „

Tankard with domed cover : The Marquess
To^wnshend.

"

M

J'n'th'r

Fossy „ ,,

Hexagonal baluster-shaped taper-holder.

"

S

Paul

Crespin ,, „

Small tea spoons: Dunn-Gardner Collection.

"

%

John

Harwood ,, ,,

f Small plain globular tea-pot, with ebony
handle.

>•

m

Richd.

Bayley „ „

Communion flagon : Cartmel, Lanes.

"

£S)

Robt.

Abercrombie ,, „

if (Brit, standard) short octagonal muffineer, with
tall pierced top.

"

^

Lewis

Dupont „ „

Wine-taster saucer-shaped, with respousse knobs
in bottom.

¦•

caa

Wm.

Hunter „ „

Oblong moulded salt-cellar, with incurved
corners.

"

R7a

Wm.

Gwillim „ „

Scissors-shaped sugar nippers (maker's mark and
lion passant only).

"

mt

Geo.

Boothby „

Snuff box, with engraved shell and scroll
ornamentation.

"

^s

Edw.

Aldridge „ „

Baluster-shaped taper-holder, square on plan,
with inset quadrant corners.

GS

Wm.

Soame „ „

Plain bulb-shaped cream jug on moulded foot.

n

ED

Peter

Bennett ,, „

Table spoon : The Author's Collection.

¦'

(D

Henry

Bates „ „

Barrel-shaped beer jug : Lieut. Col. Milne.

„

ffl

John

Tuite

Helmet-shaped cream jug on three legs.

&

Richd.

Beale

Sniall salver (on three feet) with shell and scroll
border.

-¦ t t On the restoration ot the old standard in 1719-20 the majority of London goldsmiths
adopted new marks of various kinds for plate ot the restored standard, some, however, resumed the
use of old marks which had been used prior to 1697. This lack of uniformity during the period
1719-1739 appears to have caused much confusion, and in many cases it had become difficult to
identify the makers with their marks. To remedy this confusion it was provided by the Act
of 1739, which came into operation on 29th May of that year, that all makers should destroy
their existing marks of every kind, and adopt new marks composed of the initials of their Christian
and surname, of forms different from those previously in use. The marks represented on this
and the following pages (ot goldsmiths who were working prior to May, 1739) were devised
in compliance with that Act. Those however indicated by f differ very sUghtly from others
previously in use by the same makers, and marks of Robt. Abercrombie, Paul Crespin and Fras.
Spilsbury, indicated by J entered in June 1739 are composed of the first two letters of their surnames
and do not comply with the Act,

i8o

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date,

Goldsmiths'

Marks and Names.

Date.

Goldsmiths' .Marks and

Names.

1739-41:

^

Thos.

England ent. 1739.

1739-40

^

Jessie Mackfarlane ent.1739.

¦•

m^

Robt.

Lucas „ „

fm

Wm. Justus

"

%

Ben.

Godfrey „ „

J,

tt4Jj

Wm. Young

,, ,,

"

^

Do.

do. „ „

fft

Jas. Manners

„

JJ

Bca

Gawen

Nash „ „

^n\
"
m
John
Bryan ,, „
"
m
John Harvey
Chas. Jackson
)J JJ
"
CH)
Wm.
Hunter „ „
ES3
Thos. Rush
"
John
Cann „ 1740.
f!fi
Thos. Gilpin
..
"
J.
Barbitt „ 1739.
^
Danl. Chartier
„ 1740-
"
mm
Richd.
Pargeter
„
Cld
Wm. Shaw
" 1739-
,,
.Marmdk. Daintry „ „
m
Ed.
Bennett „ ,,
"
(U&
Richd. Gosling
„ „
©D
Do.
do. „ „
"
^
Fras. Spilsbury J
„ „
"
m
Bennet
Thos.
John
Bradshaw ,, „
& Co.
Bamford „ „
Eckford „ „
"
Louis Hamon
Sam. Hutton
John Gamon
Fras. Nelme
,. 1740.
" 1739-
JJ
Wm.
Shaw ,, „
SSSIr
Henry Morris
"
^
John
Jacobs „ „
E|@
Thos. Pye
,,
d^
John
John
Pero „
White „ „
Jas. West
Jas. Paltro
,. „
•'
^
Henry
Herbert
m
John Harwood
„ „
"
^
Richd.
Zouch ,, ,,
^
Denis Wilks
JJ )J
¦•
<^
Susan'h
Hatfield „ „
^
Philip Roker
,, ,,
@3
J.
Mackfarlen „
p^i
Simon Jouet
J) 1)
¦•
CTf3
Henry
Morris „ ,,
"
H'4
Chas. Clark
JJ IJ
M
John
Luff „ „
M
fohn le Sage
JJ JJ
X See note at foot of preceding page.
London Goldsmiths' Marks,

iBi

D.4TE.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

-Articles and Owners.

1739-40

K'H

Benj. Sanders ent.

1739-

Tumbler : Edkins Collection.

JI

ftp)

Abm.de Oliveyra ,,

JJ

Snuff box : Mr. Creighton.

•'

fcjEi)

Thos. Mason „

¦'

Tea spoon (no date-letter or leopard's head).

"

(Sm

Chas. Martin „

1740.

-A pair of garter buckles.

"

@

Jos. Steward

1739-

A billet-shaped needle case.

"

sg

Geo. Smith „

"

Punch ladle : Mr. G. Lowe.

"

Louis Laroche „

"

Snuff box : Mr. Watherston.

1740-1

^

John Robinson „

"

Small circular waiter: Rev. C. C. Murray.

"

m

Griff. F^dwards „

"

Cream jug : Mr. Hows.

"

^

John Pollock
Jos. Sanders

"

Do. do ; The -Author's Collection.
Com. paten : St. Lawrence, Cowley, Mids.

JJ

^

Benj. Sanders „

1737

fCandlesticks: formerly at Woods' Hotel, Fur-
nivalls Inn.

..

iiim

Wm. Garrard ,,

1739

Plain tankard : Mr. G. Lambert.

"

®

Gabl. Sleath

"

Two-handled cup and cover ; City of London
Corporation.

"

#

Richd. Gurney & Co. „

"

Ewer : Mr. Bell ; also (1742-3) two sets of com.
plate : Stoke Edith, Hereford.

.'

(©

Ed. Wood

1740

Sauce boat on three legs.

'.

a

Chas. Bellassyse „

J)

Salver, shell and scroll border : Capt. Garnham.

„

^

Sarah Hutton ,,

..

A plain tumbler : Viscount Clifden.

"

^

Ed. Lamb „

"

A plain cream jug on three legs.

"

ki;n

Thos. Mercer „

"

Snuff box : Mr. Jas. Gurney.

>)

^

John Barbe ,,

1739-

Plain pint tankard, without lid, scroll handle.

"

(^

Paul Crespin „

1740-

f(With Brit, and lion's head erased) cream jug:
Mrs. Earp.

"

^

Isabel Pero „

"

A circular toilet box.

"

^

Lewis Ouvry „

1740.

A plain mug, with scroll handle.

"

(il

Jas. Gould „

1741-

Pair of plain Hanoverian pattern table spoons.

-j- 'X See note at foot of page 179.

I82

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and

Names.

Articles and Owners.

1740-1

®

Abm. le Francis

ent. 1740.

A long gravy spoon, Hanoverian pattern.

"

GB

Benj. Gordon

„

A small tea spoon (lion and maker's mark only).

1741-2

^

David Hennell

.. 1739-

(Punch ladle ; Oswestry Corporation (1740).
|Do. do. ; Holburne Museum (1741).

"

S^

James Schruder

„

Com. cup. : St. I^eonard's, Heston, Mids.

"

^

Eliza Godfrey

„ 1741-

Set of three tea caddies ; Sir Charles Welby, Bart.

"

W!?

Saml. Roby

„ 1740.

Table spoon, with shell ornament : The Author.

"

&

Geo. Wickes

" 1739-

Pair of octagonal candlesticks : Lord Dormer ;
also(i755)set of tea caddies : Lord Carbery.

"

w

Thos. Farren

„ „

Plain table spoons, double drop.

"

^

Dinah Gamon

„ 1740.

Plain marrow spoon.

"

(SIP

John Newton

.. 1739-

Bulb-shaped tankard, domed top.

JJ

^

Thos. Gilpin

„

Six three-pronged forks : Mr. G. Lambert.

"

(^

Chas. HiUan

„ 1741-

Helmet-shaped cream jug on foot.

"

K8a

Jas. Willmot

Ji J)

Three-quarter-pint bulb-shaped mug.

JJ

m

John Spackman

n ),

Sugar tongs (lion and maker's mark only).

"

(S?

Chas. Laughton

„ „

Pocket nutmeg grater and box.

"

k«<l

Thos. Lawrence

„ 1742.

Small three-pronged olive fork.

"

S9

Jer'mi'h King

" 1739-

Small oval hair locket.

J)

hH

Benj. Gulden

,. 1740-

SmaU tea spoon, fully marked.

"

QO

Robt. TyrriU

„ 1742-

Hemispherical toddy ladle, with slender stem.

1742-3

^

Jno. Gould

„ 1739-

Four candlesticks : Hon. Soc. of the Inner Temple.

„

Paul Crespin
Jos. Allen & 1
M'decai Fox J

"

Circular salt cellars ; Mr. Lowe.
Communion paten : Shenfield, Essex.

"

^

Robt. Brown

..

Beaker, with moulded band and foot.

"

iS

Fras. Spilsbury

.. „

Flat circular wafer or patch box.

"

#

David Willaume

*' JJ

Snuffers and tray, with ring handle.

"

£;s

Eliz. Tuite

1741.

-A pair of plain circular trencher salts.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

183

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles .and Owners.

1742-3

1743-4

0

Saml.

Welles ent

1740.

QD

Robt.

Abercromby „

1739-

^

Jas.

Montgomery „

1742,

Wi

Jos.

Timberlake „

1743-

m

Phillips

Garden „

1739-

(d^

Paul

Crespin

"

as

John

Cann

1740.

m

Wm.

Hunter „

1739-

m

Wm.

Gould

"

w^>>

Jas.

Wilks

"

(i?

Ed.

Feline „

'.

^

Aug'n.

Courtauld ,.

"

m

Geo.

Jones ,,

"

m

Jer'mi'h

Ashley

"

GB

Henry

Brind „

1742.

^

Robt.

Abercromby „

1739-

^

Pere

Pilleau

••

SSP

Thos.

Whipham „

"

jPi

Name not traced.

#

Isaac

Duke

1743-

m;<

Ed.

Malluson „

"

Ss

Geo.

Methuen „

JJ

m

Chas.

Johnson „

"

GO

Ann

Farren

"

03

Geo.

Ridout

"

EB

Robt.

Swanson ,,

"

-Alms-plate ; St. Margaret's, Westminster,
Plain bulb-shaped muffineer.
Handbell, applied moulded band and ivory
handle.
Dessert spoon, with shell at back of bowl.
Candlesticks : Trinity College, Cambridge.
J (Brit, and lion's head erased) baluster-shaped
taper holder.
Table spoons, Hanoverian pattern.
Pair of tea vases : The -Author's Collection,
Kettle and stand : Mr. J. Dixon.
Snuffers' tray, plain moulded border.
Com. cup and flagon : Chilmark, Wilts.
Milk jug ; Mr. B. Jefferis.
Table spoons, Hanoverian pattern.
A pocket spirit flask.
Pear-shaped tea-pot, with ebony handle.
Alms-plate on three feet : Todbere, Dorset.
A trussing skewer.
Beaker ; Magdalen College, Cambridge.
Cake basket : Messrs. Crichton.
Pair of circular salt cellars on lion's mask and
claw feet.
Three sauce ladles.
A table spoon; also (1760-1) com. plate: St.
Andrew's, Plymouth.
Chased sugar tongs (lion-passant and maker's
mark only).
Two small tea spoons do. do.
Double-handled and double-spouted sauce ladle.
Plain dessert spoon, Hanoverian pattern.

¦^ See note at foot ot page 179.

1 84

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths'

Marks and Nam

es.

-Articles and Owners.

1744-5

w^

Lewis

Pantin ent

• 1739

Helmet-shaped ewer on foot, with scroll handle.

"

m

Robt.

Pilkington „

"

.A plain vase-shaped sugar caster.

®

Chas.

Hatfield

"

Four table spoons, Hanoverian pattern.

"

©

Peter

Archambo „

"

A plain soup ladle, „ „

"

M

John

Quantock „

"

Two skewers : Mr. Sorby.

"

#

Aynie

Videau „

"

(1745) Com. cup : Bodenham, Hereford.

"

®

John

Barber „

"

A chamber candlestick.

"

^

John

Edwards „

..

A plain tea-pot.

"

Wm. Wm.
Peter

Bagnall ,,
Grundy & 1
Castle / "

1744'

A pair of rococo table candlesticks, with shell
ornamentation in the style of Louis XV.
Oval bread basket, wicker-like pierced sides.

"

E9

Jas.

Smith „

)J

A plain sauce ladle.

'¦

f^

John

Neville „

1745-

Pair of circular salt-cellars on three feet.

"

1^

Thos.

Jackson ,,

1739-

A large plain gravy spoon.

"

rife

Nich's

Sprimont „

1742.

A plain sauce boat on three feet, scroll handle.

" i m

Jas.

Morison „

1740.

A small waiter, with shell and scroll border.

1745-6 ' ^5^

Benj.

West

1739,

Tankards : Mr. Drane and Mr. Whaley.

•¦ j#
¦¦ ! ^

Thos.
Wm.
Ann
John

Whipham & 1
Williams 1 '•
Craig & )
Neville ] "

1742
1740.

-Milk jug ; Mr. Parkes ; also (1741-2) com. flagon :
St. Martin's, Hereford.
Salver: Mr. Boore. Pair of candlesticks (1742-3) :
Major T. H. Burton Forster.

®

John

Holland

1739-

An oval bread basket with pierced border.

" j m

Ben.

Cartwright „

"

Two-handled covered cup : Mr. W. Cosier.

" >^

Fred.

I'^andler „

"

Bulb-shaped tankard, domed top, scroll handle.

CB

Wm.

Cripps ,,

1743-

Ink-stand : Lord Dormer.

• .^

Fras.

Crump ,,

1741.

An escallop shell : Edkins CoUection.

03

John

Higginbotham

1745-

Pair of sugar tongs (lion passant and maker's
mark only).

QD

Geo.

Baskerville „

"

Do. do. do. do, do.

"

ti^

Jas.

Manners

"

Small tea spoon do. do, do.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

185

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1745-6

1746-7

1747-

m S32>
B3S

£1^

133 ££3

Sam Key ent, 1745.
Robt. Andrews „ „
John Harvey „ „
Sam. Wood „
Jas. Gould „
Wm. Hunter „
Wm. Peaston „
Jas. Morison „
Henry Morris ,,
Jos. Barker ,,
Ed. Vincent „
Ann Kersill „
Ernest Sieber „
Geo. Young
Saml. Meriton
Henry Herbert „
Do. do.
Simon Jouet „
Benj. Cartwright „
Jno. Sanders „
Wm. Gould „
Richd. Kersill „
Wm. Williams „
Saml. Courtauld „
Jacob Marshe „
Thos. Carlton „

173917431739 1746.
1744' 1739-1746. 1739- 1747-1746,

Articles and Owners.

1747

1739-

1744,1742,1746 1744

Milk jug on three feet : Mr. Charles Budd,
Plain tankard : Mr. C D. Clarke.
Cream jug : Miss Chivers.
Large plain tumbler ; The Author's Collection.
Candlesticks : Mr. Drane and Mr. W. Smith.
Eight small waiters : Hon. Soc. Middle Temple.
Salver : Mr. W. R. M. Wynne.
Sauce tureen : Mr. W. Holloway.
Salver : Hon. Soc. ot the Middle Temple.

Three small tea spoons (lion passant and maker's
mark only).
Small salver, with shell and scroll border : The
Marquess Townshend.
Cruet frame, with casters and bottles : Miss Fox.

Table spoons : Mr. H. Kelston.
Globular teapot ; Miss Drew.
Dessert spoons : Mr. H. Hopkins.
Pair ot vase-shaped tea caddies.
Candlestick : Mr, R. Day, F.S.A.
Pepper caster ; Mr. H. Arnold.
Table spoons : The Author's Collection.
Waiter on three feet : Mr. Hamilton.
Four candlesticks : Hon. Soc. Middle Temple.
Tumbler : The Author's Collection.
Pair of com. flagons ; St, John's, Ffampstead.
Small -waiter on three feet.
Half-a-dozen three-pronged forks.
Tumbler ; The -Author's Collection.

i86

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and

Names.

Articles and Owners.

1747-8

m

John Richardson

ent. 1743.

Pair of tea caddies, repousse and chased.

"

m

Thos. Parr

.' 1739-

A child's mug ; same maker's mark in circular stamp, on com,
plate of 1749 : Holmer, Herefordshire,

"

>\M

M'duke Daintrey

)J )J

Salver, with shell and scroll border: Mrs. Du
Pasquier.

"

c©

Wm. Solomon

.. 1747-

Small tea spoons (lion passant and maker's mark
only).

"

PPn

Saml. Herbert

„

Plain punch bowl, with lion's head and ring
handles.

"

csa

John Fray

„ 1748.

Mark registered 4th Jan., 1748.

"

BS

Ben Cooper

„ „

Do. do. 27th Feb., 1748.

1748-9

f^

Edwd. Medlycott

„ „

A plain coffee pot, with domed lid and ebony
handle.

"

F7:a

John Wirgman

„ 1745-

Plain milk jug : Dunn-Gardner Collection.

"

m

Hmphy.Payne

.. 1739-

A " Warwick " cruet frame, with three casters and
two bottles.

"

m

Elias Cachart

„ 1742.

Salver on three feet : Mr. G. Hamshaw.

JJ

^

M'decai Fox

>, 1746-

An egg-shaped coffee pot ; Mr. G. Fisher.

"

VS3

Wm. Grundy

„ 1748-

Four candlesticks ; J^ord Dormer.

¦•

M

John Carman

JJ ,J

A wide-mouthed porringer: Miss Howard Francis.

"

C35

Geo. Young

„ 1746.

A cream ewer on three legs.

"

@

John Barbe

" 1739-

Cream jug ; Mrs. M. Arnold.

¦¦

Pia

Geo. Hunter

„ 1748-

Set of four circular salt cellars each on three legs.

"

SS

Phillips Garden

„

Marrow scoop ; Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.

"

ggi

Wm. Shaw

.. 1749-

Mark registered 3rd Jan., 1749.

»

<^

Eliz. Hartley

„ 1748.

Table spoons : Mrs. G. Walker.

"

4*

Eliz. Jackson

., „

Gravy spoon : Messrs. Crichton

"

{X!

Eliz. Oldfield

„

Small tea spoons (lion and maker's mark only).

'•

Q>)

Ed. Dowdall

„

Do. do. do. do. do.

"

Danl. Shaw
Walter Brind

„ 1749-

Chased and pierced sugar tongs (lion and maker's
mark only).
Mark registered 7th Feb., 1749.

1749-50

^

Wm. Grundy

" 1743-

Com. cup : St. Mary, Gt. Warley, Essex.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

187

Date.

Goldsmiths*

Marks and Nam

ES.

Articles and Owners.

1749-50

TO

Name not traced.

Pap-boat : Mr. Jas, Owen.

"

fe^jTif)

Jerem'h I'Cing ent

1739-

Marrow scoop.

'J

ES

Abm.

Portal

1749-

Mark registered 26th October, 1749.

>•

GQ

Abm. le Francis „

1746.

Pint mug : iMr. G. Lowe.

"

^

Jabez

Daniel „

1749-

Small "Warwick" frame, with three casters.

"

reilljl

Wm.

Macl'Cenzie „

1748.

Pair of sauce boats ; Mr. Charles Budd,

"

Oli

W^m.

fversill „

1749-

Plain gravy spoon : Mr, Geo. Williams.

"

m\

Andrew Killick „

Mark registered 7th September, 1749.

JJ

GU

Henry

Haynes

"

SmaU tea spoons (lion and maker's mark only).

JJ

C3D

Geo.

Bindon ,,

"

Mark registered 13th December, 1749.

¦•

E?ra

Thos.

Mann „

1739-

Plain tankard, domed cover : Mr. G. Ford.

"

Ep;^

John

Alderhead „

1750,

Mark registered 23rd April, 1750.

"

rra

Jas.

Tookey ,,

"

Chased and pierced sugar tongs (lion and maker's
mark only).

"

c^

Wm.

Wooler

"

Do. do. do. do.

"

Ffgl

Geo.

Morris „

"

Plain tea spoons fully marked.

"

m

Thos.

Jeanes „

"

Embossed and chased cream jug on three legs :
Mr. F. Moore.

1750-1

m

John

Priest

1748,

Pair of 3-light candelabra : The Author's Colin.

"

Sd

Chas.

Chesterman „

1741-

Pap-boat : Mr. Drane ; spoon ; Mr. Widdowfield.

"

m

Elias

Cachart

1742.

Pair of rococo candlesticks on shaped bases.

"

m

John

Rowe „

1749-

Mark registered 3rd June, 1749.

J)

#

Richd.

Gurney & Co, „

1750.

Com. flagon ; Ewenny, Glam.

"

#

S.

Herbert & Co. „

"

Com. paten : Urswick, Lanes.

"

<^

l^ouis

Guichard „

1748.

Sugar caster, embossed and chased with festoons
of conventional foliage and flowers.

"

^

Geo.

Campar „

1749-

A bulb-shaped tankard with modern chasing :
Mr. W. H. Fowle.

JJ

^

FullerJohn

White & 1
Fray / "

1750-

I-Iettle, with tripod stand and spirit lamp.

J)

1®

Henry

Bailey „

"

Mark registered 14th June, 1750.

i88

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths'

Marks and Names,

Articles and Owners.

1750-1

ZEJ

A.

Montgomery ent

¦ 1750.

Pair of circular salt cellars, with chased festoons,
lion's mask and claw feet.

"

csa

Michl.

Ward

"

Mark, registered 23rd July, 1750.

"

m^

Geo,

Bindon „

1749-

A rectangular tea caddy, chased with festoons of
flowers and foliage.

"

Wif^

John

Harvey „

1750^

A plain cream jug on three legs ; Mr. Chas. Budd.

"

fW

Thos.

Smith

"

A pocket nutmeg grater.

'J

^

John

Berthellot

)J

Combination spoon and marrow scoop.

"

eo

L'r'nce

Johnson „

1751-

Mark registered 3rd April, 1751.

"

Q3

Phillips Garden

"

Do. do. 18th do.

.'

<&

Math.

Brodier

•>

-An oval spice box, with four compartments.

..

m

Fras.

Crump „

1750.

Mark registered 9th Nov., 1750.

"

G9

Do,

do.

"

Do. do. do. do.

1751-2

a^

John

Payne „

"

Large alms-dish : St. I-awrence, Jewry.

'-

^^

Denis

Wilks

1747-

Corinthian column candlestick ; Lord Dormer.

.'

£^

Fred,

ICnopfell

1752.

Rose-water dish : Synagogue, Duke St., Aldgate.

"

w

Saml,

Taylor

1744-

Set of three tea vases : Holburne Museum.

"

(^

P.

Werritzer

1750.

A half-pint mug, with scroll handle.

"

M&

Thos.

Moore „

"

A vase-shaped caster, chased with flowers and
scrolls.

¦•

ES3

Wm.

Woodward ,,

1743-

A plain tumbler : Mr. W. Vivian.

"

^

G. &S

Smith

1751.

A rectangular tea caddy, chased with figures in
a Chinese garden.

"

Geo.

Morris „

"

Oval bread basket, the border pierced, and chased
with conventional foliage and scrolls.

"

Gxa

Nicks

Winkins „

>'

A plain tankard : Mr. H. G. Hussey.

>•

QQ

Paul

Pinard „

»

A plain three-pronged fork.

"

EID

Ed.

Doweall „

"

Mark registered 8th Nov., 1751.

"

CS3

Thos.

Beare „

J'

A small oblong snuff-box, with chased border.

"

^

Phil.

Bruguier „

1752.

A helmet-shaped milk jug ; Mrs. G. Hill.

1752-3

f^

Robt,

Cox „

"

A pear-shaped tea pot.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1752-3

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1753-4

OS (33

Wm. Alexander ent. 1742.
John I-'ayne „ 1751.
Wm. Homer
Wm. Shaw & 1
Wm. Priest j
John Berthellot
John Richardson

nrn

WH

(33)

Danl. Piers
Chas. Chesterman
John Carm^an
Richd. Goldwire
Phillips Garden
Geo. Hunter
Danl. Piers
Turner & Williams
Richd. Gosling
Robt. Hennell
John Cafe
Alex. Johnston
Fuller White
Denis Wilks & )
John Fray )
Wm. Bond
Thos. Towman
John Edwards
Gabl. Sleath &
Fras. Crump
D. C Fueter
Dorothy Sarbit

1750-
1749- 1741, 1752 17461752 1}
1753 1751- 1748. 1753'
1739- 1753'1742, 1747
1744' 1753

Salver, with shell and scroll border : Lord
Dormer.
Pair of table candlesticks, fluted baluster stem.

A pair of sauce boats, on lion's mask and claw
feet.
Com. flagon ; Wythop, Cumb.
A " Warwick " cruet frame on shell feet.
-An octagonal mustard pot : Lord Reay.
A coffee pot, chased with flowers and scroUs.
Mark registered 2nd Oct., 1752.
A fluted punch ladle ; Mr. W. H. Fowle.
Mark registered 28th March, 1753.
A large plain gravy spoon.
Tankard : S. I-Censington Museum.
Tea vase ; Do. do.
Marrow spoon : Mr, S. Deane.
Tea spoon ; Mr. Drane.
Do. do. do..
Table candlestick, baluster stem : Lord Dormer.
Pair of tea caddies in case.
Beer jug ; Holburne Museum.
A plain saucepan, with open spout and cover.
Mark registered 31st July, 1753.
Silver-gilt snuff box : Mr. W. Boore.
Mark registered ist Nov., 1753.
A " Warwick " cruet frame : Sir Frederick Currie,
Bart.
Mark registered 8th Dec, 1753.
Sugar tongs (lion and maker's mark only).

IQO

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1753-4

1754-5

1755-6

Articles and Owners.

QQ

Thos. Rowe en

• 1753

0^

Saml. Smith

1754

m

Simon Le Sage

>'

E3

Henry Corry „

"

m

Benj. Cartwright „

n

#

Sarah Buttall

,,

#

Peter Archambo & )
Peter Meure j

1749

m

Name not traced.

^

Wm. Cripps „

1743

ES3

John Quantock „

1754

#

Ed. Aldridge &)
John Stamper / "

1753

!fe

Phillips Garden ,,

1753-

03

John Munns „

1753-

QQ

Do'thy Mills

1752-

tii^

John HoUand „

1739-

OD

John Steward „

1755-

GR

Thos. Collier „

1754-

SB

Henry Dutton

"

CD

Walter Brind

1749-

Qg

Geo. Baskerville & |
Wm. Sampel /

1755-

liM?J

Dobson Prior 1
& Williams/

1755-

A

John Delmestre

JJ

®

John .Swift ,,

1739'

SSS

Wm. Sanden „

1755-

#

Simon Le Sage „

1754-

A

Magd'n Feline „

1753-

A pair of table candlesticks ; Lady Alice Peel.
A plain waiter, with escalloped border.
An oblong engraved snuff-box.
Mark registered 6th April, 1754.
Third mark registered 22nd April, 1754.
A pair of shoe-buckles : Mrs. Holloway.
Two soup-tureens ; Hon. Soc. Middle Temple.
Table-spoons: Mr. R. Day, I^'.S.A.
A plain coffee-pot.
Pair of plain table spoons : Miss Chivers.
A pierced and engraved fish trowel.
Beer jug : Lord Dormer.
A helmet-shaped milk jug on three legs.
A vinaigrette, gilt interior.
A plain soup ladle.
Mark registered 29th January, 1755.
A lemon strainer.
A pair of tea-caddies : Mr. R. Wingfield.
An oval engraved snuff-box.
A sauce boat, with double spout and scroll
handles.
Mark registered loth February, 1755.
Pierced and engraved fish slice.
Bulbous flagon S.S. Peter and Paul ; Dagenham,
Essex.
Mark registered 30th June, 1755.
Sauce tureen and cover with lion's mask and
ring handles.
.A taper holder : I^yne-Stephens Collection.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

191

Date.

Goldsmiths'

Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1755-6

#

Wm.
John

Bond& ) ,
Phipps \ «"t

1754-

Small salver, with shell and gadrooned border ;
The Marquess Townshend.

"

m

Wm.

Turner „

"

A plain half-pint mug.

"

c^

Wm.

Bond

1753-

Pair of table candlesticks ; Mr, J. S. Hodgson.

"

w

Jas.

Jones „

1755-

A lemon strainer, with open scroll handles.

"

m

Peter

Taylor „

1740.

Salver ; Mr. Wickes ; also (1756) tea kettle :
Dunn-Gardner Collection.

"

^

Fred

Vonham „

1752-

Soup ladle, with shell-shaped bowl : Mr. H. G.
Hussey.

"

€S

Saml.

Siervent „

1755-

Pair of pierced and engraved coasters.

"

REa

John

Wirgman

1745-

Three escallop shells.

'J

i;I.TI

Richd.

MiUs

1755-

Mark registered 14th July, 1755.

JJ

ED

Benj.

Brewood „

JJ

Six small tea spoons (lion and maker's mark only).

»

anb

Ed.

Doweall

1751-

A small waiter : Mr. J. B. Stansby.

"

hTffl

Robt.

Cox

1755-

A pair of Corinthian column candlesticks : Mr.
W. Boore.

"

i1

Do.

do.

"

Another mark of R. Cox registered 17th Dec,
1755-

"

EB

Thos.

Beezley „

"

Sugar nippers (lion and maker's mark only).

"

m

Albert

Schurman „

1756.

A pair of sugar nippers (lion and maker's mark
only).

JJ

^

John

Robinson „

1739-

A plain salver ; Lady Alice Peel.

1756-7

C3

Saml.

Wheat

1756.

Set of sugar casters : Hon. Soc of the Middle
Temple.

"

#

Pierre

Gillois ,,

1754-

Beer jug : Dunn-Gardner Collection.

"

iM

Wm.

Robertson „

1753-

A plain tankard: Mr. W. G. Hussey.

JJ

029

Name not traced.

Salver : Mr. Crichton ; also (1758) : Parish mace,
Westminster.

JI

igfe

Mathew

Roker „

1755-

A plain muffineer.

"

S

Paul

CaUard

1751-

A plain coffee pot, with gadrooned foot.

"

!l

John

Edwards „

1753-

A pierced mustard pot, with glass liner.

JJ

s^

Wm.

Grundy „

1743-

-A "clobbered " flagon : Dunn-Gardner Collection.

"

^

T.
&W.

Devonshire )
Watkins 1 "

1756.

A plain coffee pot.

192

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

-Articles and Owners.

1756-7

RH

Ben.

Cartwright ent. 1756

A plain soup ladle ; Lord Dormer.

,,

OS

Edw.

Jay

.. 1757

Salver, with scroll border : Rev. W. B. Hawkins.

1757-8

I>DtI

DavidEliza

Hennell
Godfrey

„ 1736-
,. 1741.

Plain tumbler : The Author's Collection.
A pair of tea vases : Holburne Museum.

^

"

^

John

Jacobs

.. 1739-

A small globular tea pot ; Mr. W. Boore.

"

#

W. & R

. Peaston

„ 1756.

A lemon strainer, with scroll handles : Mr. W.
Boore.

"

MO

Ed.

Darvill

.' 1757-

A pair of rectangular tea caddies, repousse and
chased.

••

OS

Robert

Innes

.. 1742-

Alms-dish : Swithland, Leicestershire.

J)

gg>

Stephen

Ardesoif

„ 1756-

A small waiter, with gadrooned border.

¦•

m

Ed.

Bennett

.. 1739-

A tea kettle, repousse and chased, on tripod
stand.

"

m

John Thos.

Kentenbcr &
Groves

¦ 1757-

A plain cream jug on circular foot, scroll handle.

"

£

John

F'rost

,

A pair of sauce ladles : Mr. J. B. Stansby.

"

s^

Do.

do.

.

Two table spoons : do. do.

"

#

John Chas.

Hyatt & 1
Semore /

, „

.A plain circular waiter, with moulded border.

(SSi^

Arthur

Annesley

, 1758.

A small plain mug, with scroll handle.

JJ

RR

Robt.

Burton

, „

A plain milk jug on three legs ; Mr. W. Boore.

1758-9

John

Schuppe

. 1753-

Cow milk jugs : The Author's Collection ; and
(1755) : Holburne Museum.

JJ

Wm.

Cafe

. i7'57-

Candlesticks ; Mr. Drane.

"

gg

Fras.

Nelme

, 1722.

Milk jug : do. do.

"

®

Saml.

Taylor

, 1744-

Sugar box : do. do.

"

k^^^H

Wm.

Cripps

. 1743-

Heads of four beadles' staves : St. Margaret's,
Westminster.

"

^

Name not traced.

Pair of Corinthian column candlesticks ; Mr H
D. EUis.

"

^

Wm.
Wm.

Shaw &)
Priest /

- 1749-

Salver : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A.

"

(SJD

Name not traced.

Pair of waiters on three feet : Holburne Museum ;
also com. flagon : Landford, Wilts.
"
John
Hague
, 1758.
A chamber candlestick : Lord Dormer.
"
sS^
Wm.
BeU
. 1759-
A large meat skewer, with shell and ring.
London Goldsmiths' Marks,

193

Date.

1759-60

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

#

s.

Herbert
&Co.,

ent. 1750,

^

Fred.

Kandler

n 1739-

GS

Name not traced.

&

John

Perry

,. 1757-

^

Saml.

Wood, 2nd rak.

" 1739-

C33

Wm.

Cripps

.. 1743-

m

John

Hyatt

„ 1748.

I760-I

I-Jenry Bailey (probably)

ym

Name not traced.

#

Stephen
Wm.

-Abdy & )
Jury /

ent. 1759

Ui)

-Alex.

Barnett

JJ J)

Cira

Thos.

Congreve

.. 1736

hij

Thos.

Doxsey

JJ JJ

trm

Wm.

Moody

JJ JJ

(39

Wm.

Day

.. 1759

RCi<

Saml.

Eaton

„ „

Eza

Name r

ot traced.

GS3

Richd.

Rugg

.. 1754

Cm!

Edwd.

Wakelin

.. 1747-

(gT)

Name not traced.

f^
Fuller
White
„ 1758.
£S?
Alex
Saunders
.. 1757-
&
John
Moore
„ 1758.
(9D
C'nst'ne
Teulings
.. 1755-
m
Wm.
Howard
„ 1760.
Articles and Owners.
Bread basket, with trellis and scroll ornaments between beaded
bands, on shell and scroll feet ; Mr. H. G, Hussey.
Oval pierced cake basket, engraved with figures, flowers, and
appliqu^ masks : Messrs, Christie.
Mustard pot : The Author's Collection ; and
(1772) flagon : Wyke-Regis, Dorset.
A plain soup ladle : Mrs. Dawson.
Rose-water ewer ; The Author's Collection.
Pair of fruit dishes : Hon. Soc. of the Inner
Temple.
Punch ladle ; Mr. W. Boore.
A chamber candlestick with extinguisher : Mr. R.
Day.
Altar candlesticks : Trin. Coll., Oxford.
Two-handled cup and cover : Gregory CoU'n.
A plain waiter, with scroll and shell border.
A cream jug, chased with pastoral subject.
Table spoons, with embossed scrolls on back of
bowl.
A small plain mug, with scroll handle.
A hand candlestick : The Marquess Townshend.
A plain tankard, with domed cover and scroll
handle.
Table spoons ; The Author's CoUection.
Circular salver ; Messrs. Christie.
Sauce boats : Hob Mus. ; and_(i756) tea-caddies :
Lord Carbery.
Tall sugar caster, with gadrooned base.
A plain tankard with scroll handle : Mr. H. G.
Hussey.
A muffineer, the lower part conventionally chased.
Plain tankard, domed top, scroll handle ; The
Author's Collection.
Oblong silver-gilt snuff box, chased with scrolls
and flowers.
A pear-shaped coffee pot, with modern chasing.
194

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths'

VIarks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1760-1

M

Geo.

Methuen ent

• 1743

Communion plate : St. Andrew's, Plymouth.

B3

John

Eaton „

1760

Plain cylindrical tankard, domed top, scroll
handle.

1761-2

laa

Robt.

Rew

1754

Circular salver, shell and scroll border, chased
centre.

\^

Wm.

Plummer „

1755

Small pierced basket ; Mr. Drane.

#

LouisFras.

Heme & 1
Butty 1 "

1757-

Oval meat dishes, with gadrooned borders.

P
Fras.
Nicks.
Butty & 1
Dumee J "
"
Soup tureen : Messrs. Hamilton & Inches.
^^
Wm.
Shaw
1749-
Communion cup ; Llanwern, Mon.
JflH
John
Horsley
Candlestick : Cambridge Plate Exhibition, 1895.
<^
John
Gorham „
1757-
Table spoons : Mr. W. Boore.
<^
Mary
Piers
1758-
Plain sauce boat, on three lion's-mask and claw
feet.
@
Thos.
Powell
JJ
Pair of Corinthian column candlesticks.
1762-3
^
Jas.
Jones „
1755-
Table spoon : The Author's Collection.
f2S»
Wm.Wm.
Tant
(probably)
Sampel „
»)
Do. do. : Do. do.
P-lain cream jug on three feet : Lady Molesworth.
Li^
..
iftiJ
Louis
Black
1761.
Pair of circular salt cellars, each on three feet.
§
Thos.Chas.
Whipham & 1
Wright /
1757-
Three plain sugar casters : Mr. W. Boore ; also
(1763-4) com. paten : Dilwyn, Herefordshire.
m
Geo.
Ibbott
1753-
Circular salver, with gadrooned border.
@3
Saml.
Delany „
1762.
A plain coffee pot, with domed lid.
ii]
W. & J
Deane „
»>
A lemon strainer, with open scroll handles.
BD
Jos.
Bell
1756.
A large plain gravy spoon ; Mr. Lowe.
#
Edwd.
Aldridge &Co.
Cream jug, repousse and chased with con
ventional foliage.
EZD
Wm.
Day
1759-
A plain bulb-shaped tankard : Mr. Chisholm.
1763-4
SS?
Richd.
Thomas „
1755-
An engraved fish slice, partly pierced.
®
Tmpsn.
Davis „
1757-
An oval snuff box : Mr. Peters.
\m
Edward
Aldridge „
1739-
Pierced cake basket ; Trin. Coll., Oxford.
London Goldsmiths' Marks.

195

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1763-4

m

Danl. Smith & )
Robt. Sharp J

Salver : Holburne Museum.

JJ

#

T. & W. Chawner (probably)

Gravy spoon : Hon. Soc. Grays Inn.

))

tafa

Ebenezer Coker „

Com. paten, on three feet : Wythop, Cumb.

JJ

m

Phil. Vincent ent. 1757.

A plain punch ladle, with whale-bone handle.

..

Mri

Wm. King „ 1761.

A small mug ; Edkins Collection.

"

m

John Buckett.

A pair of Corinthian column candlesticks.

JJ

f£S

John Aspinshaw „ 1763.

A "Warwick" cruet frame, with vase-shaped
casters.

¦•

s@

John Lampfert „ 1748.

" Onslow " pattern table spoons : Mr. Davison.

1764-5

#

D. &R. HenneU „ 1763.

Salts, each on four feet ; Mrs. Budd.

"

Q(3

Names not traced.

Small waiter ; Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.

"

M;4

Do. do.

Sugar-basket, with glass liner : Mr. Winstone.

"

m

W.&R. Peaston (probably)

Candlesticks on vase -shaped stems, gadrooned
feet.

"

^

Names not traced.

Four sauce tureens : Holburne Museum.

"

#

John Hyatt & l„tT7.7
C. Semore J™t''757-

Pair of candlesticks : Lady Alice Peel.

..

^

Aug. Le Sage.

Plain soup bowl and dish ; Lord Dormer.

"

Thos. Freeman& ) „,
J. Marshall * " ^764-

Plain tankard ; Mr. Chas. Clarke.

"

^

Anthy. Calame „ „

Pair ot candlesticks ; Lyne-Stephens Collection.

JJ

f«ft

J. A. Calame „ „

Pierced fish-trowel, with ivory handle.

fS]

John Innocent (probably)

Table spoons ; The Author's Collection.

1765-6

#

Names not traced.

Sugar-basket : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

JJ

SS

Do. do.

Four table candlesticks, with vase-shaped stems.

"

SSS

Wm. Caldecott ent. 1756.

Milk jug ; Mr. Drane.

"

ra!|

Eben. Coker (probably)

Candlestick : Do. do.

"

EilS

Name not traced.

Alms-dish ; St. Mabyn, Cornwall.

"

^

Eraick Romer „

Candlesticks ; Dunn-Gardner Collection.

196

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1765-6

(g!

»

RHl

„

(32)

:.

ESQ

1766-7

g^

„

SB

"

#

.,

\m

'.

m

"

m

JJ

BW

JJ

^

"

f^n

1767-8

0)C0

Ukva

g3

#

(&
SQ3
caa
%}:etyi
^
1768-9
<^^
fflTi
John Allen ent. 1761.
Sam. Howland „ 1760.
Geo. Hunter „ 1765
T. & W. Chawner (probably).
Name not traced.
John Lampfert ent. 1748,
John Langford &1
John Sebille j
Mathew Ferris
Articles and Owners.
1759-
1756
1763-1765-
1767,
Thos. Hannam &l
John Crouch /
Fras. Crump „
Geo. Andrews „
Thos. Dealtry „
Chas. Mieg „
Dorothy Mills (probably)
Thos. Wynne ent. 1754.
Thos. Bumfris & 1 ,,
Orlando Jackson j " '766,
S. Herbert & „ 1750.
Co
Name not traced.
Wm. Abdy „ 1767.
Geo. Fayle „ „
Wm. Tuite (probably).
Name not traced.
John Parker & 1
Edwd. Wakelin /
James Hunt.
T. & W. Chawner (probably).
A set of coasters : Sir Charles Welby, Bart.
Four circular salt cellars on feet.
A gourd-shaped tea-pot, with Arabesque
chasing.
Table spoons ; The -Author's Collection.
Loving cup : Gloucester Corporation.
" Onslow " pattern sauce ladle : Barber Surgeons'
Company.
Cruet frame : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Tripod salts ; Holburne Museum.
Paten ; New Church, Romney Marsh.
Epergne, with pierced centre basket : Lord
Dormer.
A small salver, with shell and scroll border.
Table spoons ; Mrs. Budd.
A plain soup ladle and two sauce ladles.
Table spoons : Mr. Lowe.
Table spoons ; The Author's Collection.
Tea caddy : Edkins Collection.
Pierced basket : Holburne Museum.
Pair of candlesticks : do. do.
Oval toilet box ; Rev. W. B. Hawkins.
Two circular salt cellars ; Mr. B. Jefferis.
Sauce boat on four legs : Mr. W. Boore.
A lemon strainer, with two handles : Mr. W.
Boore.
Badge ; The Duke of Devonshire ; also (1759)
inkstand : Soane Museum.
Gold chatelaine ; Messrs. Crichton.
Large Skewer : Hon. Soc. of the Inner Temple.
London Goldsmiths' Marks.

197

Date.

1768-9

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

fata

09

1769-70

OS (33

CJjt

1770-1

03

Name not traced.
Edward Capper (probably)
Fras. Crump ent. 1756.
W. & J. Priest
John Lampfert „ 1748,
Benj. Blakeley „ 1739
John Darwall „ 1768.

John Neville (probably)
Chas. -Aldridge &\
Henry Green J

Fras. Crump ent. 1756,
Geo. Seatoun
Chas. Wright
Walter Brind „ 1757
Wm. Grundy „ 1748

I^P'^'^^Creswell
& James
Thos. Jackson

/

1769,

raa

Louisa
&Geo.

Courtauld 1
Cowles /

m

Robt.

Rogers

SD

John

Baker

1770

^

Benj.

Gignac „

1744

Thos.

Heming ,,

"

m

Jas.

Allen „

1766

m

&?Irs^C-well} see

1769

Ui)

Name not traced.

Articles and Owners.
Name not traced.
Pair of soup ladles : Hon. Soc. Inner Temple.
Large waiter : Holburne Museum.
Communion cup and paten : Maryport, Cumb.
Tankard : Mr. W. H. Fowle, Andover.
Table spoon : Mr. Drane.
Table spoons : Westgate Hotel, Newport, Mon.
Domed top tankard, with scroll handle and open
thumb piece.
Large cruet frame : The Author's Collection.
Two-handled cup and cover : Mr. W. Boore.
Com. cups and flagon : St. -Anne, Limehouse.
Milk jug : Mr. Drane.
Two com. cups : St. Dionis, Parsons Green.
-A plain pear-shaped coffee pot, with fluted spout.
Pair of pierced oval salt-cellars, with glass liners.
Set of dishes, with gadrooned edges.
A gourd-shaped tea pot, -with ebony handles.
Candlesticks : Oueen's Coll., Cambridge.
Gold signet ring : Mr. B. Jefferis.
A plain wine funnel with strainer.
Two com. cups ; St. John's, Hampstead.
/ Sucrier with Adam's festoons : S. I-Censington
iMus. ; also (1767) Corporation maces ; Rye.
A small pierced muffineer with glass liner.
Hot-water jug : Holburne Museum.
Epergne : Mr. W. Boore.
A fluted and engraved coffee pot.
A pierced and engraved cruet frame.
198

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1770-1

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

0(2 GB

E. Romer (probably).
Orlando Jackson ent. 1759

Articles and Owners.

1771-2

1772-3

€29 E5D
GSi (^
QQ
S3

Sam Wheat „ 1756,
} .. 1770-
Bassingwhite „ .

John Gimblett&
Wm. Vale

J.
John Crouch & |
Thos. Hannam J
Jonathan AUeine.
Wm. Penstone.
Wm. Sheen ent. 1755,
Thos. Chawner.
Saml. Howland „ 1760.
A. Underwood.
Chas. Chesterman
Edwd. Jay

1771
1757

Thos.. Towman (probably)
Wm. Tuite „
ent.
John Romer before 1773.
John Carter „ „
Thos. Chawner „ „
Eliz. Tookey „ „
Wm. Fearn „ „
Burrage Davenport „ „
John Arnell „
John Swift „
Philip Norman
Chas. Wright

Table spoons: Sir Frederick L. Currie, Bart.
An " Argyle " gravy pot, with hot-water jacket.
Pierced mustard pot, with glass liner.
Muffineer, embossed and chased with flowers and
foliage.
Table candlesticks (loaded), with fluted stems,
circular plinths.
Fine tea vase : Barber Surgeons' Company.
Soup ladle, engraved stem, shell pattern bowl.
Table spoon : Mr. Drane.
Sugar tongs : The Author's Collection.
Table spoons : Mr. G. Hibbert.
Dish cross, with spirit lamp ; Holburne Museum.
Inkstand • Do. do.
Pierced fish slice : Mr. W. Boore.
Salver, Mr. W. Boore ; also (1776-7) com. paten :
St. Weonard's, Herefordshire.
Two-handled engraved cup, with moulded band
in centre.
Oblong inkstand, with pierced gallery.
Soup tureen in the Adams' style : The Author's
Collection.
j Com. paten : Temple Sowerby, Westmor.
I Tea vase, repouss4 and chased with (estoons, acanthus leaves at
l base ; S. Kensington Museum.
Three-pronged forks : Mr. W. Boore.
" Onslow ¦¦ pattern table spoons ; Th« Author's
Collection.
Large perforated spoon.
Sugar tongs : Dr. Propert.
Salt cellars on feet : General Meyrick.
Tankard ; Mr. Saml. Deane.
A pair of snuffers and octagonal tray.
A small cream jug on three shell feet.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

199

Date.

1772-3

1773-4

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

G23

QB

1774-5

m #
SID SB OS
OS EE3

Articles and Owners.

fSH

CS3

John Fayle ent. 1772.
Wm. Eley (probably).
Dan Smith &) ent. before
Robt. Sharp / i773-
Orlando Jackson ent. 1759.
John Harvey „ 1739.
Thos. Smith „ 1750.
Name not traced.
Abr'm Barrier & )
Lewis Ducommon J
Wm. Sheen.
Jabez & Q ¦ ,
Thos. ^^"'^^
Burrage Davenport.
Saml. Wood (probably).
P. Freeman ent. 1773.
Mary Makemeid „ „
Thos. Tookey ,, ,,
Louis De Lisle „ „
Wm. Le Bas „ ,,
Jas. Stamp ,, 1774,
Wm. Penstone „ „
Eliz. Tookey ,, 1773
Thos. Evans „ 1774
Jas. Young & 1
Orlando Jackson J " "
John Deacon „ 1773
Thomas Daniel! (probably).
P. Freeman ent. 1774.
Wm. Fennell.

Pierced and engraved waist buckle : Lady Page
Turner.
Table spoons : The -Author's Collection.

Two-handled cup, with festoons of drapery :
Messrs. Dobson & Son.
O.E. pat. table spoons, with feathered edges ;
The Author's CoUection.
Alms-dish : St. Mary, Ealing.
Milk jug: Sir Frederick Currie, Bart.
Com. paten ; St. Anne's, Limehouse.
Silver-gilt spoon ; St. Michael's, Highgate.
Sauce boat ; Holburne Museum.
Tea-caddy : Mr. W. Boore.
Muffineer ; Mr. J. L. Propert.
Set of three tea and sugar vases : Col. Longfield
of the Guards.
Pair of shoe buckles : Mr. Lascelles Carr.
Nutmeg box ; The Author's Collection.
Watch case ; Mr. W. Iggulden.
Wine labels : Sir Frederick L. Currie, Bart.
Vinaigrette, with delicately pierced and engraved
inner lid.
Pair of candlesticks, with fluted vase-shaped
stems.
k fluted and engraved coffee pot.
Table spoons : Mrs. Budd.
Milk jug ; Lady Page Turner.
Wine funnel, with gadrooned edge.
Tea-pot : Holburne Museum.
Cruet frame : Holburne Museum.
An oval cruet frame with reeded borders.
A small cream jug, chased with wreaths of
foliage, a shield in front.

200

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

1774-5

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners

GD m
1775-6 CH 03

Ol

1776-7

(37a

@0

OB

Jas. Young ent. 1775.
Jas. Stamp „ 1774.
ent.
Walter Tweedie before 1773.

Name not traced.
Wm. Sumner &| ^
Richd. Crossley /'^"'- ^'^
Jas. Young
Thos. Langford (probably).
Name not traced.
Robt. Ross ent. 1774
Mark Cripps ,, 1767
Chris Woods „ 1775
Richd. Rugg „ „
Robt. Jones

1776.1775

Geo. Baskerville)
& T. Morley j" "
Robt. Piercey „
Louis Ducomieu ,,
Ben Stephenson ,,
Name not traced.
Henry Sardet.
liobt. Piercy ,,
Alexr. Barnet ,
Nich. Dumee ,
Geo. Hemming 1
& Wm. Chawner j '
John Lautier ,
John Wakelin & \^
Wm. Taylor j '
Chas. Aldridge & )
\" 177:

1759.1776. 1774' 17731776,

Henry Green

" Warwick " cruet frame : Lady Page Turner.
Engraved punch ladle : Gen. -A. W. H. Meyrick.
Small paten : S.S. Peter and Paul, Harlington,
Middlesex.
Straining funnel : Sir Charles E. Welby, Bart.
Wine funnel, with gadrooned rim.
Vase-shaped tea-caddy, engraved with festoons.
Plain goblet, on short stem and foot.
Engraved tea kettle : Lord Dormer.
Circular salver, with chased centre.
Plain tankard, with moulded band and foot.
Hand candlestick and extinguisher ; Colonel
Fitzgerald.
Fish slice, with stained ivory handle.
Pair of circular salt cellars on shell feet.
A set of four escallop shells.
A circular engraved mustard pot, with beaded
rim.
A pair of plain sauce boats on feet.
A pair of snuffers and tray : Col. Fitzgerald.
Punch ladle : General Meyrick.
Com. flagon and paten : St. Mary-le-bone.
A pair of sugar tongs, with shell ends.
A plain oval tea-caddy, with beaded edges.
A pair of circular salt cellars, with gadrooned
edges.
Small coffee pot : Col. Fitzgerald.
Pierced sugar basket : Holburne Museum.
I Standing cup, -with serpent handles : St. John's
( College, Cambridge.
Butter dish : Mrs. Budd.

^98

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

M.-VRKS ON NORWICH PLATE.

DATE
(about.)

1610

TABLE II.
stamps various as below.

©so

8 n

description of maker s
MARK.

Orb and cross, and
wyvern's head erased.
Indistinguishable.

Lion rampant.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Four beakers, from the Old Dutch
Church, Norwich, now in the
possession of Mr. Wra. Minet,
F.S.A., and Mr. R. J. Colman.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. J. H, Walter.

Seal-top spoon : Mr. H. D. EUis.

Seal-top spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.

In order to appreciate the marks illustrated in the preceding and
succeeding tables, it is necessary to read the few pages of letterpress
with reference to the Norwich Goldsmiths and their marks, where
observations are made in explanation of the absence of a date-letter
and the irregularity of the marks found on Norwich plate of the period
covered by this and the fourth table.
In Table IIL, on the following page, the date-letters D of 1627-8
E of 1628-9, K of 1633-4, and S of 1641-2, are, with the other marks
in line with them, now for the first time represented. The author is
indebted to Mr. J. H. Walter of Drayton, Mr. A. D. George, the vicar of
Aspall, and the Marquess of Breadalbane, the respective owners of the
plate on which such marks have been found, for having placed the several
articles mentioned in the Table at his disposal for the purpose of this
work, whereby he has been enabled to represent in fac simile the marks
which they bear.
Hall-mlrks^ ™^*^ ''"^'^ ™ ^^"^^ °"^^' "'°^^ °^ Norwich, the lion passant and date-letter being London
1 u "^ 'l"''e.f'?"'^ "lark in this line is much worn and nearly obliterated. It may have been a date-
letter, possibly theC of 1626-7, but it is too indistinct to be assigned with certainty to any particular
year. Ihe maker s mark, a lion rampant, will be found repeated in the following Table at 163-3
and 1634-5. J J

The Nonvich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

299

M.\RKS ON NORWICH PLATE.

TABLE III.
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW.

CASTLE _„..
OYER ~52,i^„.. D*TE MAKER'S
UON CROWMED. LETTER. MARK.

1624-51625-6
1626-7
1627-8 1628-9
1629-30 1630-1 1631-2
1632-3 1633-41634-5
1635-6 1636-71637-81638-9
1639-40 1640-1 1641-2
1642-3 1643-4

A BC F
H
M Q V

m

6

I 5J

description of
maker's mark.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

A pegasus.
A pelican in her piety.
W. D. conjoined.
A pegasus.
A lion rampant.
Arthur Heaslewood.
A lion rampant.
.\ crowing cock--"
(Herald ofthe Morn.)
fTimothy Skottowe.
.\ pelican, see abo\-e.

-V crowing cock,-- see
above.

Timothy Skottowe.
k tower incuse,
D,
fTimothy Skt)ttowe,*

Date-letter conjectured.
Do, do.
Do. do.
Com, flagon : St. Gregory, Norwich.
Seal-top spoon, dated 1629 ; Mr. -'\.
D. George.
Date-letter conjectured.
f Tall flagon : Norwich Corporation,
I Seal-top spoon: Mr. J. H. Walter.
Date-letter conjectured.
Com. cup : Great Melton, Norfolk.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Com. cup; .Aspall, Suffolk.

Com. cup : S. S, Simon & Jude,
Norwich,
Date-letter conjectured.
Seal-top spoon : BurUngton Fine
Arts Club Exhibition.
Beaker, dated 1638, from a Congregational Ch.
Great Yarmouth : Messrs. Rossi & Son.
Seal-top spoon, pricked 1637 :
Mr. J. H, Walter,
Com, paten: Skevton, Swanton-
Abbot, Norfolk,

Com. paten : Riddlesworth, Nor
folk.
Mounts of coker-nut cup : T!ie Marquess of
Breadalbane, K G,
Com. paten : S, Etheldreda, Nor
wich,
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Date-letter conjectured.

' Crowing cock rising from pot or skillet (old legend).
t These marks should be compared with the two lines of marks on the following page, abo\-e
Table W; and the observations in the preceding pages with reference to them should be read.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

20I

Date.

1776-7

1777-8

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1778-9

Articles and Owners.

1779-80

m

Phil.

Roker ent

1776.

33

Eliz.

lioker „

"

fTTB

Henry

Greenway ,,

1775-

EQ

Jon'th'n

AUeine

1773-

Robt. Makepeace )
& Richd. Carter / ''

1777.

CSS

Joseph

Heriot

1750-

C3D

Wm.

Holmes „

1776.

Rgg

Wm.

Potter

1777.

^

Wm.Wm.

Howe & 1
Clark / "

"

BS

Wm.

Grundy „

"

(SD

Geo.

Natter

1773-

ffi

Robt.
John

Jones & 1
Scofleld / "

1776,

®

J.

Denzilow.

MiAA

Wm.

Eley.

m\

Hester

Bateman „

1774-6.

C23

Wm.
Nichs.

Holmes & )
Dumee J "

1773-

SG]

Nichs.

Hearnden „

..

gg)

Ed.

Dobson

1778

tim

Rich.

Carter, ]

ii
Danl.
Smith & V„
n
;^
Robt.
Sharp )
GS3fag
Wm.
Geo.
Eley & 1
Pierrepoint J '
1778
aa
John
Deacon ,
1776
03
Chas.
Kandler ,
1778
ran
Ed.
Lowe „
1777
nn
Geo.
Rodenbostel ,
1778
Q3
Thos.
WaUis
1773
QS
John
Scofleld „
1778
Table spoons : Mr. J. M. de Gumacio.
Do. do. : do. do.
Chocolate pot : S. Kensington Museum.
Com. patens : St. Andrews, Boreham, Essex.
Com. flagon and a paten : St. Mary-le-bone.
Toilet box ; Holburne Museum,
Urn, with serpent handles ; St. John's College,
Cambridge.
Tea vase in the Adams' style : The Author's
Collection.
-A circular tripod stand and spirit lamp for a
coffee pot.
A plain saucepan and cover, with beaded edges.
A small circular bulb-shaped and engraved coffee
pot.
An engraved cream jug, with beaded base.
Tea vase, with oval shields and festoons of
drapery : The .'Vuthor's Collection.
Com. flagon : St. John the Baptist, Leytonstone,
Essex.
Table spoons, " Onslow " pattern, and pierced
salts : The Author's Collection.
A pair of three-legged butter boats, with
gadrooned edges.
A circular tea-pot, repousse and chased with
foliage and flowers.
A pair of oval salt cellars on four legs.
A large plain caster on square base.
-A trowel-shaped pierced flsh slice, with ivory
handle.
A snuffers' tray, with beaded edge, and the snuffers
pertaining to it.
A meat skewer, with shell and ring at end.
Four circular salt cellars, each on three feet.
.A small plain mug, with threaded hoops.
An engraved caddy spoon.
Stand for supporting a "Queen Anne " monteith :
Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart.
202

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

1779-8

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

gga

1780-1

ESQ

ran 03

1781-

89 H3

1782-3

Hester Bateman ent. 1774
Thos. Satchwell „ 1773,
Thos. & I
Richd. Payne |
W. L. Foster
Wm. Grundy & "j
Ed. Fernell /
177717751779
Louisa &,-, , , J 1
Samuel Courtauld},, 1777
Fras. Stamp „ 1780
Wm. Garrard (probably). 1771.
Jane Rich.
Dorrell & 1 ,
Mav r"*-
Articles and Owners.
Jas.
Sutton
Vincent
Mince & |^
Hodgkins / '
Wm.
Jas.
Wm.
T. P. Boulton & 1
Arthur Humphreys / "
John Langland&l
John Robertson / "
Walter Brind or 1
Wm. Bromage J "
John I'Cidder „
T. B. Pratt & )
Arthur Humphreys/ "
Chas. Wright
Robt. Cruickshank „
John Crouch & "i
Thos. Hannam ] "
Josh. Lejeune „
1780.
17731780
1773
Luke ICendall „
Geo. Heming & )
Wm. Chawner / "
Wm. Playfair & 1
Wm. Wilson / "
Thos. DanieU &
John Wall
Geo. Smith
John Wren
1772.
1781.1782.1781.1774-1777.
Sugar caster : Mr. J. Whaley.
Sugar bowl and milk jug : Mr. Ince.
Cream jug on three legs.
Table spoons, gravy spoon, and sauce ladles.
Chased beaker ; Edkins Collection.
A tankard, spoiled by coarse modern chasing.
Pair of Corinthian candlesticks.
A waiter on three feet.
An ewer-shaped cream jug.
A soup ladle, with feathered edge.
Upright oval tea-pot, engraved with festoons.
A coarsely pierced fruit dish, with glass liner.
Soup ladle, shell-shaped bowl.
Bulb-shaped tankard, domed top : Mr. Lowe.
Com. cup ; St. Giles, Ickenham, Mids.
A pair of small sauce ladles.
Engraved tea-caddy ; The Author's Collection.
Two communion cups and a flagon ; St. Magnus,
London Bridge.
Oval hot-water jug : The Author's Collection.
Two com. patens ; St. Mary's, Hanwell, Mids.
Tea-pot, with figure of seated Chinaman on lid.
A taper holder of baluster form.
An engraved salver ; Edkins CoUection.
A large meat skewer.
A plain circular waiter, with beaded edge.
Tea vases with four handles; The Author's Colin.
Do. with rams' heads ; Do. do.
London Goldsmiths' Marks.

203

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1782-3

^

BSD t

1783-4

GB

1784-5

1785-6

HE! OD
ES CZ9

George

Giles (probably).

Andr.Steph.

Fogelberg&l Gilbert f^^

1780.

Robt.

Hennell „

1773-

Wm.

Bayley.

Name not traced.

Abm.Peter

Peterson & 1
Podie / "

1783-

John

Lamb „

"

as.
*. OS.

Sutton & \
BuU f "

1782.

Wm.

Tant

1773-

Wm.

Brown (probably).

Ed.

Fennell ent.

1780.

Saml.

Wintle

1783.

Wm.

Sumner „

1782.

Name not traced.

John

Townshend „

1783-

Thos.

Chawner „

1773-

John

Tayleur „

1775-

John

Scofleld „

1778.

Name not traced.

Hen.
Greenway „
1775-
Stephen Adams
1760.
Saml.
Godbehere „
1784
Wm.
Simons „
1776
Peter
Gillois „
1782
Robt.
Jones
1778
Wm.
Abdy
1784
Pair of O.E. pattern engraved table spoons ; The
Author's Collection.
Coffee pot : .Mr. Chisholm.
Engraved snuffers' tray ; The Author's CoUn.
Communion cup : St. Giles', Ickenham, Mids.
Milk jug: Mr. Drane.
Small two-handled cup on low foot.
O.E. pattern engraved dessert spoons ; The
Author's CoUection.
Sugar tongs ; Mrs. Budd.
Tumbler ; Mr. Drane .
Toy mug and small spirit measure.
Two alms-dishes : St. Mary's, Islington.
Sugar tongs : Mrs. Briscoe.
Tea vase of classic form : Mr. Lowe.
Epergne, with pierced baskets : f .ord Dormer.
Tumbler ; Judge Wynne-Ffoulkes.
Small oval tray, probably for snuffers.
Bulb-shaped mug, with scroll handle.
Two-handled cup : Tailors' Guild, Carlisle.
Rose-water salver : The Author's CoUection.
Table spoon : Mr. E. Heron--A.llen.
Table spoon : Do. do.
Tea spoons : Mrs. Budd.
Tea pot stand, oval, with beaded edge.
Engraved mounts of walking stick.
SmaU engraved waiter, on three feet.
Wine strainer : The Author's Collection.
204

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1785-6

1786-7

1787-8

OH BO ESS

fin
03

Ben. f.aver ent. 1781.
Walter Tweedie „ 1779-
Thos. Wallis
Thos. DanieU „
John Kidder ,,
Thos. Shepherd „
Abm. Barrier „
Saml. Godbehere

,. 1778.
>. 1774'
,, 1780,
„ 1785-
.. 1775
}„ 1786.

Articles and Owners.

i7«H-9

OS
Q3
(3D

& Edwd. Wigan
Wm. Sutton „ 1784
Wm. Reynolds „ 1773
Robt. Hennell as 1782
Henry Cha-^vner ent. 1786.
Name not traced.
Chas. Aldridge „ 1786.
Thos. DanieU „ 1774.
Danl. Denny „ 1782.
Wm. Pitts „ 1786.
Saml. Massey (probably).
Name not traced.
Wm. Eley.
Thos. Mallison ent. 1773 1780.
Edwd. Jay „ 1773
John Carter „ „
Thos. PoweU „ ,,
Geo. Baskerville (probably).

Danl. Smith & |^
Robt. Sharp / '

Three alms-dishes : St. Nicholas, Chiswick.
Teapot stand ; Mr. Trapnell.
Gravy spoon : Mr. E. Heron- Allen.
Oval teapot : Holburne Museum.
Plain muffin dish and cover.
A shoe-lifter.
A mathematical instrument case.
Pair of sauce boats, scroll handles.
Sugar tongs : The Author's Collection.
Table spoons : Mr. F. Gothard.
Trencher salt ; Pemb. Coll., Cambridge.
Communion cup ; Kirk Deighton, Yorks.
Pepper caster : Mr. S. Deane.
Pair ot shoe buckles : Mr. L. Carr.
Sugar basket, with glass liner.
Small ring, respousse and chased.
Pair of oval entree dishes.
Two com. cups : St. Dunstan, Feltham.
Wine label pierced and chased.
Fish server and mazarine.
Punch ladle : Mr. S. Deane
Octagonal sugar-bowl with handles.
Two-handled oval tray on four feet ; Hon. Sec.
of the Inner Temple.
Sauce boats, with medallions and festoons : S.
Kensington Museum.
Epergne, with large centre dish and small dishes
on branches ; Hon. Soc. of the Middle Temple.
Sauce-ladle : Mr. S. Deane.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

205

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1788-9

trra

Henry

Cowper ent.

1782.

Two-handled vase : Pembroke Coll., Cambridge,

))

ran

Cornls.

Bland

1788.

Sauce ladle : Westgate Hotel, Newport, Mon.

"

ggil

Thos.

OUivant

1789.

Plain bulb-shaped tankard, domed top.

1789-90

ft'*<<

Hester

Bateman ,,

1774-

Com. cup ; St. Paul's, Covent Garden.

"

Gjg

Henry

Greenway „

1775-

Vases, as heads of beadles' staves : St. Clement
Danes.

"

F¥?

John

Thompson „

1785.

Tankard, bulb-shaped, domed top ; Mr. Chisholm.

"

ff3l

John

Edward „

1788.

Engraved snuff box : Mr. L. Carr.

))

liA'.'i

Thos.

Willmore „

1790.

Vinaigrette : Mr. M. Falk.

1790-1

SS

Name not traced.

Com. flagon : St. Mary's, Wanstead, Essex.

>J

CT3

Do.

do.

Large pierced spoon • Do. do. do.

»>

®

Robt.

Hennell

1773'

Spoon tray ; Do. do. do.

••

ffi

Peter &
Jonath'

Bateman „

1790.

Pair of gravy spoons ; Mrs. Budd.

"

isra

Saml.

Davenport „

1786.

Table spoons : Do.

"

RZI

Wm.

Abdy

1784.

Octagonal sugar bowl, with two handles.

n

Q3

Abm.

Peterson „

1790.

Spirit lamp, on cross supports tor a dish.

1791-2

©

Wm.
Jos.

Pitts & 1
Preedy / "

1791.

Oval tray : St. Dunstan's, Feltham.

)>

(3D

Geo.

Baskerville (probably).

Table spoons : Various owners.

•¦

faa

Geo.

Smith ent

1773-

Do. do. ; Do. do.

..

n^

Robt.

Salmon „

"

Sugar bowl, on low spreading foot.

"

m

Wm.
Danl.

Fountain&l
Pontifex / "

1791.

Oval hot-water jug, engraved ornamentation.

"

m

Jas. &
Eliz.

Bland

'•

Snuffers' tray, boat-shaped, with pointed ends.

"

m

John

Lambe „

"

Plain oval salt cellars, on moulded feet.

>.

OS

Thos.

Streetin „

»

Set ot four pierced coasters.

1792-3

fire

Henry

Chawner „

1786.

Fluted baptismal basin : St. Margaret's, West
minster.

"

\ti\\

Thos.

Howell

1791.

Table spoons : The Author's Collection.

"

^iii

Thos.

Northcote

Do. do. ; do. do.

2o6

London Goldsmiths' Marks,

Date.

1792-3

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

OQ

John

Fountain

E^

Thos.

Graham

fS

Edwd.

Jay

1793-4

02) G§

1794-5

1795-5

GS3 GSE9

E33
SB

Geo. Smith & (
Thos. Hayter /
Wm. Frisbee & )
Paul Storr i '

ent.1792,

J. Wakelin &1
Robt. Garrard J
John Moore

John Scofleld
Peter &

Ann

Bateman

Thos' ^ Makepeace „
Duncan Urquhart&)
Naphtali Hart / "

1778,1791,
1794,1791.

John Fountain&l
John BeadneU /" ^'^^

Wm.&

Fisher

JohnWm. Frisbee
John King
John Wren
Michl. Plummer

W.

Fountain

1792 1785-1777. 1791.1794-

Articles and Owners.

Thos. Northcote&l
Geo. Bourne i" "

CD

Richd. Gardner or 1 „ 1773
Robt. Gaze J „ 1795,

Thos. Ellis

1" '
J .. I
„ 1780,

Robt. Makepeace „ 1795.
Peter &

Ann

Bateman

1791,

T. B. Pratt & 1 „
Arthur Humphreys/" '7»0'
Name not traced.
Do. do.

Alms-dish ; Ravenstonedale, Cumb.
Two-handled vase, of Greek form.
Small oval tray for snuffers or tea spoons.
Small muffineer, shaped as an egg cup and egg.
Two-handled tray ; Messrs. Crichton.
Half-a-dozen salt cellars, with lobed bodies.
Plain paten : Marston-Meysey, Fairford.
Candlestick : Queen's CoU., Cambridge.
Cream jug : The Author's Collection.
Sauce tureen, with oval salver pertaining to it.
Knob and ferrule of walking-stick.
Pair of gravy spoons converted into salad servers.
Small oval tray, with beaded edge.
Marrow spoon : Mr. B. Jefferis.
Cream jug: Mr. Trapnell.
Table spoons : Mrs. Budd.
Fish slice : Queen's College, Cambridge.
Bright -cut O.E. pattern table spoons.
Child's christening mug, with ribbon handle.
Plain oval meat dish.
Argyll : The Hon. Society of the Middle Temple,
Communion cup : St. Lawrence, Brentford, Mids.
Tea set, of fluted pattern, on ball feet.
A small muffineer and a nutmeg grater.
Dessert spoons, noted by the Author.
Com. cup. ; Grinsdale, Cumb.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

207

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and

Names.

Articles and Owners.

1795-6

m
(fl3

J. & J. Perkins

ent

¦ 1795-

Oblong salt-cellars, rounded corners, lobed
bodies.

"

Henry Nutting

'¦

1796.

Plain sauce boats, scroll handles.

1796-7

^^

Name not traced.

Table spoons, dessert spoons and punch ladle.

))

Robt. &
David Hennell

1
1 "

1795-

Two-handled engraved tea vase.

"

07

John Mewburn

J)

1793-

Plain oval tobacco box.

"

4T0

Jos. B. Orme

))

1796.

A small salver, with beaded edge.

1797-8

HTB

Richd. Crossley „
Henry Chawner &"
John Emes /"

1782.1796.

Com. paten and a spoon : St. Mary's, White
chapel.
Tea and coffee service, and a cake basket.

"

[^

Geo. Cowles

))

1797.

Small sugar basin, engraved ornament.

1798-9

t3l3i

Name not traced.

Two punch-ladles : Hon. Soc. of the Inner
Temple.
"
Ud
Jos. Preedy
"
1777.
Oval spoon tray : St. Mary's, Hanwell, Mids.
"
QB
John Beldon
)l
1784.
Table spoons : The Author's Collection.
))
Wm. Eley &
Wm. Fearn
}.
1797.
A soup ladle, and a pair ot sauce ladles.
)»
(§0
Name not traced.
Gravy spoon : Mr. Saml. Deane.
"
@
Jos. Hardy &
Thos. Lowndes
}-
1798.
Wine straining funnel.
17991800
G2D
Wm. Pitts
"
1781.
Pair of classic vases with handles : City of
London Corporation.
J)
SS23
Wm. Bennett
)>
1796.
Snuffers : Holburne Museum.
"
{^ra
Wm. Pitts
¦'
1799.
Small tea vase with two handles.
))
dQ
Richd. Cooke
)J
¦'
Large spoon, pierced, for sifting sugar.
n
ES
Andrew Fogelberg
n
1776.
Oval engraved tea-pot and stand.
)i
I'F?!
John Hutson
"
1784.
Oval engraved milk jug, no foot.
»>
Ui]
Jos. Preedy
"
1800.
Snuffers and tray.
180O-I
G@
Paul Storr
)j
1793-
Two-handled standing cup, presented to the Hon. Soc. of the
Middle Temple by His Majesty King Edward VII. when
Prince of Wales and Treasurer of the Inn.
»
fS3130
Wakelin &1
tobt. Garrard J "
1792.
Alms-dish : St. Mary's, Stanwell, Mids.
J)
kllij
Wm. Hall
„
1795-
Milk jug, noted by the Author.
"
1
Saml. Godbehere^
Ed. Wigan & l „
J. Bult j
1800.
Soup ladle, do. do. do.
208

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.
I 800- I
1801-2

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

1802-3

1803-4

1804-5

09

ggT>

Thos. Hannam &L^^j^
John Crouch I '^'

Robt. Garrard

John Emes

1801

1796,

Peter, Ann c& \ ^g^^
Wm. Bateman f " r
Geo. Smith & 1
Thos. Hayter /" '79-
Robert -j
David Hennell >
& Saml. J

John Harris
Wm. Burwash
I^eter, Ann & )
Wm. Bateman J

BurrowsBarker

„ 1786
„ 1802,
„ 1800,
„ 1802,
,, 1800,
„ 1789-
„ 1798

1805-6

CD
023

CD

1806-7

Alice &
George Christr.
&T.W.
Benj. Laver
Thos. Holland
G. & T. Burrows.
Saml. & whittord „ 1802,
George
Name not traced.
John Robins (probably).
Geo. Wintle ent. 1804,
Robt. Garrard „ 1802
Jos. Hardy „ 1799
Hannah Northcote „ 1798

DanL Pontifex

1794'

Wm. Burwash &1 „
Richd. Sibley /" '*^°5'

Name not traced.
R. & S. HenneU „ 180:
¦Wni!^ Bateman „ 1805

Articles and Owners.

Set of dinner plates, with beaded edges.
Com. flagon : St. Dunstan's, Feltham, Mids.
" ArgyU" : Hon. Society of the Middle Temple.
Oval mustard pot : The Author's Collection.
Table spoons: Westgate Hotel, Newport, Mon.
Coffee jug ; The Author's Collection.
Waiter : Do. do. do.
Small tray : Messrs, Christie.
Cruet frame and mounts of cruets : The Author's
Collection.
T-\vo-handled cup : Messrs. Hancock.
Two-handled tea vase : Mr. Chisholm.
Two sets of com. plate : St. George's, Hanover
Square.
Tea service, squat-shaped bulging body.
Tea spoons : Mrs. Budd.
Salt cellar : Mr. Drane.
Milk jug Do. do.
Double set of com. plate ; Bromley-by-Bow.
Table spoons : Mrs. Budd.
J Large oval tray, with two handles : The Author's
I Collection ; com. cup ; Ulverston, Lanes.
Plain Old-English pattern table spoons.
Sugar tongs : Mrs. Hammond.
Muffineer ; The Author's Collection.
A hand-bell, with ivory handle.
Table forks, plain Old-English pattern.
Com. paten ; St. Mary's, Hanwell, Mids.
Tea spoons ; The Author's Collection.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

209

Date.

1806-7

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

m
E93

1807-

QEIi

T. & J. Guest &
Josh. Cradock

iSob-9

John Sanders (probably)
Crispin Fuller „
John Salkeld „
Thos. Robins „
Wm. F^ountain ent. 1794. 1806.
I
P. & W. Bateman
Saml. Whitford
Thos. Halford ,,
Wm, Ealy -i
Wm, Fearn & r „
Wm. Chawner )
Henry Nutting &]
Robt. Hennell / "
Richd. Crossley &]
Geo. Smith / "

1805,1807 1808.

Articles and Owners.

E39 03

1807,1802, 1808. 1785 1792

Wm. Sumner
John Crouch
Chas. Hougham
Thos. Wallis
David Windsor (probably)
Thomas Jenkinson „
Name not traced.
Do. do.

ent 1810,

Thos. Wallis & \
Jonath'n Hayne j
John Cotton & 1 .,0^^
Thos. Head f" '"°9
James Beebe „ 181 1.
Smith & Sharp (possibly).
Wm. Kingdom (probably),
Robt. Rutland ent. 181 1.

A plain soup ladle, and a punch ladle.
Communion cup : St. Mary's, Hornsey.
Cheese scoop, with engraved Vitruvian scroll
ornament, as border.
Silver grid. : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Com. flagon; Brasenose Coll., Oxford.
Milk jug (oval shape, without foot).
Tea spoons : Mrs Budd and the Author.
Vase-shaped cup, with festoons of drapery.
Child's mug, with two ribbon bands.
Beaded-pattern table spoons and forks.
Mustard pot, oblong shape, bulging body.
Perforated spoon : AU Hallows, Bromley-by-Bow.
Table spoons : Mr. Drane.
Goblet, on plain stem and foot.
Oval engraved milk jug.
Table spoons, beaded edge : The -Author.
Large spoon : Christchurch, Stepney.
Com. cup and paten: Kirkby, Ireleth, Lanes.
.\ nutmeg grater.
Tea spoons : .Mrs. Budd.
Snuffers' tray (corners clipped), and snuffers.
Table spoons, forks, and dessert spoons.
Do. do. and milk jug.
Pair of ice pails ; Messrs. Dobson & Son.
A bulb-shaped christening mug.
Table spoons and forks.

2IO

London Goldsmiths Marks.

Date.

1812-3

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

ES

^

Thos. Jenkinson (probably)

Articles and Owners.

ent. i£

1813-4

1814-5

BRITANWli
Q3

1809.

1812

1793-

1815-6

(^

Rebecca Emes& )
Edwd. Barnard j
Geo. Smith
"^^f^'y^ Sumner
Eliz.
1 Jos. Craddockl
[ & Wm. Reid J
Paul Storr
J. W. Story & t
W. Elliott i

Saml. Hennell „ 181 1
Emes & Barnard „ 1808
Stephen Adams, junr.
Wm. Bell (probably).
Name not traced.
Emes & Barnard as above.
Robt. Garrard ent. 1802

Christ'n Reid & ano'r ^g
of Newcastle "

1816-71817-8

1818-9

1819-20

'1

1820- I

EE? pro Ei3

Wm. Burwash „ 1813.
T. Robins (probably).
Wm. Chawner ent. 1815
Geo. Purse.
Geo. Wintle „ 1813
Henry Nutting „ 1809
Wm. Stevenson (probably).
See 1812-3 above.
PhiUp Rundell ent. 1819.

Paten on foot ; St. Mary Magdalen, East Ham.
Com. cup. and paten ; St. Michael's, Ashford,
Mids.
Table spoons and forks : Woods' Hotel.
Plain butter boat, with salver attached.
Small vase-shaped tea-urn with high reeded
handles.
Large caster or dredger (Britannia St. marks).
Pair of coasters with vine foUage : Mr. H. D.
EUis.
O.E. pattern gravy spoon ; Mrs. Budd.
-A milk jug and oblong sugar basin, with rounded
corners.
Tea spoons ; Mrs. Budd.
An engraved snuffers' tray and snuffers.
A pair of sauce ladles, and a punch ladle.
Communion cup : St. Mary's, Chelmsford.
Three com. patens ; St. Martin's-in-the-Fields.
Plain bulb-shaped coffee-pot : Mr. W. Boore.
Asparagus tongs : The -Author.
Tea set : Mr. Tessier.
Table spoons and dessert spoons.
A nutmeg grater : Mr. Drane.

Wm. Bateman
John & T -
'^, Lias
Henry

18151819.

Spoon with perforated bowl : St. Mary's,
Stratford-le-Bow.
Tea-pot, ornamented with foliage in reliet.
Salver on eight claw feet : The gift of Earl Powis
to the Corporation of Shrewsbury.
Pap spoon : Mr. Saml. Deane.
Oval tray, with concave flutings on border.

Two large silver-gilt maces : Shrewsbury Corporation ; also
a large ewer presented by Sir Jas. Stephen to the Hon.
Soc. of the Middle Temple.
Oval cruet frames for two bottles.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

21 I

Date

Goldsmiths' Marks and

Names.

Articles and Owners.

1821-1

W^

Wm. Wakefield (probably).
J. & J. Aldouss

Sugar tongs : The Author.
Top ot beadle's staff ; St. Mary's, Hampton,
Mids.

m

1822-3

F3^

Paul Storr

))

Communion plate : St. Pancras New Church.

"

k^

William Abdy

J)

Cream jug : Hon. Soc. ot the Middle Temple.

"

Cfi

Wm. Traies

ent. 1822

King's pattern table spoons and forks.

1823-4

0^

Name not traced.

Helmet-shaped flagon : St. Mary's, Ealing.

"

EQ

John Angeli

(probably)

Tea pot : Holburne Museum.

..

ESI}

John Bridge

ent. 1823.

Ink stand, with pin tray and wafer holder.

1)
1824-5

OB
flf?)

Benj. Smith.
Thos. & TT„ , ,
Geo. "^y*^"^

„ 1816.

Large centre piece, with female figures holding
fruit dishes.
Tea spoons : The Author.

"

Era

Name not traced.

Pair of sugar bowls : Hon. Soc. Middle Temple.

>)

ran

Robt. HenneU.

Two com. patens : St. John's, Wapping.

1825-6

EQ

James Collins

(probably).

Hash-dish : Hon. Soc. of the Inner Temple.

,,

d

John Bridge

ent. 1823.

Half-pint mug, shaped like a swan.

(33
R. Peppin
(probably).
Communion cup : Whitbeck, Cumb.
1826-7
i
John, Henry Lias
& Chas.
ent. 1823:
Shaped venison dish, with gadrooned edge.
»
esm
A. B. Savory
„ 1826.
Dessert knives and forks : Mrs. Carr.
>,
nra
Randall Chatterton „ 1825.
Table and dessert spoons : Do. do.
1827-8
EIS
Name not traced.
Set of communion plate : St. Giles-in-the-Fields.
"
GiQ3
T. Cox Savory
„ 1827.
A cheese scoop, with ivory handle.
"
<ra
Jacob Wintle
„ 1826.
Table and dessert spoons : Woods' Hotel.
1828-9
<t7J>
Wm. Schofield
(probably).
Tea spoons : The Author.
1829-30
GS
Robt. Garrard
ent. 1801.
Set of communion plate : St. Paul's, Clerkenwell.
1830-1
®P
Chas. Plumley
(probably).
Communion cup : St. Michael's, Highgate.
"
EZ3
Thos. Dexter
>j
Shaving pot : Holburne Museum.
1831-2
Idil
R. Hennell.
Small oblong tray, with rounded corners.
2 12

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names

Articles and Owners.

1832-3

(Sb)

Chas.

Plumley (probably).

Com. cup : St. Mary's, Great Baddow, Essex.

1833-4

G^

Paul

Storr ent. 1793.

Toast rack : The Author.

"

"

Adey
Joseph Savory „ 1833.
& Albert

l''iddle-pattern asparagus tongs.

1834-5

Kfi:4

N.

Morrison (probably).

Nutmeg box : Fitz-Henry Colin., S. K. Museum.

5>

(S

Jas.

Franklin „

Hand candlestick : Mr. R. Flower.

1835-6

(3^

Chas.

Fox ent. 1822.

Tea vase ; Holburne Museum.

"

IM^

J. Chas.

Edington „ 1828.

l^our alms-plates ; St. Mary's, Leyton.

'.

Si

Reily&

Storer (probably).

Mounts of decanters and wine labels.

1836-7

(SB

See 1835-6.
Edwd. Barnard, -j
Edwd. Barnard, jr., (pritTSon
John Barnard, & ^ ent. 1829.
Wm. Barnard J

Com. flagon and paten : St. Mary's, Little
Baddow, Essex.
Hot-water jug : Holburne Museum.

1837-8

CIS

Wm.

Eaton.

Hand candlestick, with Oueen Adelaide's cypher :
Mr. H. D. EUis.

"

^

Richard

Sibley (probably).

Set of tour coasters, with vine leaf ornaments.

"

^

George

Webb

Butter bowl, with salver and knife.

1838-9

liobert
Wm.
& Robt.

Garrard ent. 1821.
Theobalds ) no
Atkinson j " ^**3b-

Entree dishes, stamped " Garrards, Panton
Street."
l^iddle-pattern table spoons and forks; Mrs.
Budd.

.,

ii

Rawlins & Sumner.

Set of four sauce boats.

1839-40

m

Wm.
Danl.

Bateman &) „
BaU 1" ^*^39-

Large tea-pot, coffee jug and spirit lamp.

"

EiD

Francis

Dexter „ „

Set of four salt cellars, oblong shape, with
rounded corners.

"

k2U

Wm.

Cooper (probably).

Set of four coasters ; Holburne Museum.

1840-1

EH

J. &J.

Aldous.---'

Alms-dish ; St. Martin's, Little Waltham, Essex.

"

m

MaryGeo. W.

Chawnei-&) ^, „
Adams j ent. 1840.

Fish servers, with ivory handles.

1841-2

Jos.& Albert

Savory „ „

Victorian copy ot a George III. cake basket.

"

(sO

Geo. W.

Adams „ „

King's pattern table spoons and forks.

"

®

Chas.

Fox „ 1822.

Mustard pot, with domed lid and acorn top.

1842-3

033

J. Chas.

Edington „ 1828.

Alms-dish ; S.S. Peter & Paul, South Weald.Essex.

"

12D

R.

Hennell.

Vase-shaped hot-water jug, on raised foot.

Possibly John Angeli & Co.

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

21

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1842-3 1843-4

1844-5

1845-6

1846-7

FiT371

Brown & Somersall (probably).
Wm. K. Reid.
Wm. Brown (possibly).

Joseph

Angel.

&John R. G. HenneU.
Benj. Smith (probably).
John S. Hunt ent. 18

Chas. T. Fox & )
Geo. Fox. I

Qi3 USD

„

w^

1847-8

nH

))

m

1848-g

CS)

..

fan

'.

ffia

1849-50

m

"

uo

"

G^

1850-1

oa

>.

01

I85I-2

oi!

1852-3

Hia

"

09

1853-4

^

1854-5

^

G. F.

Pinnell.

Hyam

Hyams.

E. J. &
W.

Barnard. [

John& Henry

Lias. 1

R.
G.

Pearce & )
Burrows, j

E. J. &
W.

Barnard. ¦

R.

Hennell.

Jacob Wintle (probably).
Chas. T. Fox & )
Geo. Fox. i
Frans. Douglass.
W. R. SmUy.
John Keith.
George Ivory.
E. & J. Barnard.
James Edwards (probably).
I. Foligno.
E. & J. Barnard.
W. R. Smily.

Mustard pot : Mr. W. Boore.
Circular entree dish and cover.
Alms-dish : St. Mary's, Walthamstow.
(1842-3) Com. cup and paten : St. Michael's,
Highgate.
Two communion cups : St. George's, Bloomsbury.
Tall presentation cup on stand.
Milk jug ; Messrs. Hunt & Roskell.
Figure of punchinello : Messrs. Hancock.
Com. paten : St. James', Friern Barnet.
Set of circular salt-cellars on three feet.
Communion flagon : Grasmere, Westmor.
Table forks : Mrs. H. Morris.
Two com. cups : St. Andrew's, Enfield, Mids.
Do. do. : St. Nicholas, Shipperton, do.
Com. flagon : St. Peter's, Little Warley, Essex.
Child's fork, spoon, and handle of knife.
Com. flagon : Harleston, Norfolk.
Toilet set ; The Author.
Tea spoons ; noted by the Author.
Four com. cups : All Saints, West Ham.
Com. paten : St. Edward the Confessor,
Romford, Essex.
Com. cup : St. Lawrence, Brentford, Mids.
Do. do. : St. Lawrence, Whitchurch, Mids.
Set of engine-turned toilet case fittings.
Ink stand with taper-holder.
Com. cup : All Saints, Edmonton, Mids.

214

London Goldsmiths' Marks.

Date.

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Articles and Owners.

1855-6 (g0
1856-71857-8 1 (25

1858-9

1859-60 I 860- I

1862-3
1863-4
1864-5
1865-6
1866-7
1867-8
1868-9
1869-70 1870-1
1871-2
1872-3
1873-4
I87-^-5
1875-6
1876-7
1877-8

(FQ

George Chas. T.
Geo.Henry
Joseph W.

AngeU.
Fox & )
Fox ]
Wilkinson ot Sheflield.
AngeU.Mann.

Roberts & Briggs.
George AngeU.
Messrs. Eady.
Rawlins & Sumner.
Robt. Harper.

OS

Richard
Geo.
Geo.I.J.
Richd.

Hennell.
Fox.
AngeU.
Keith. HenneU.

OS

Macaire & Dewar.
C. S. Harris.
J., E., W., & J, Barnard.
Wm. Smiley.

&

H. E.

Willis.

Richd.

Sibley.
Martin
HaU & Co.
of Sheflield.
Mappin
&
Webb.®
Messrs.
Hancock.
>»
Dessert knives and forks, and grape scissors.
Ink-stand : Messrs. Hunt h Roskell.
Salver : Mr. W. Comyns.
Souffle dish and cover.
Bulb-shaped coffee pot.
Pair of sauce boats and ladles.
Small sauce tureen and salver.
Set of spoons and forks.
Spirit flask ; Mr. W. Boore.
Milk jug, with engraved ornamentation.
Large hot-water jug, with ivory handle.
Brit. St. candlestick, matching one by A. Nelme
of 1 700- 1.
Tall milk jug, in form of ewer on foot.
Communion paten : Scole, Norfolk.
Sugar bowl, repouss^, with festoons.
Preserve dishes and servers.
Gold watch-case : Mr. Wm. Budd.
Brit. St. candlesticks, Wm. III. pattern.
Large ink-stand, and a child's mug.
Hot-water jug, with engraved ornamentation.
Communion paten : Harleston, Norfolk.
Small bowl, on moulded foot.
Frame of hand glass.
A goblet, on stem, and spreading foot.
A large tea tray and tea set.
Large race cup ; The Makers.
A jewel basket : Do.
JNM
inis may be •'q ^ the middle letter of the upper Une not being clear.
London Goldsmiths' Marks.

215

®

Date.
1878-9
1879-80 iSSo-i I QS£J

Goldsmiths' Marks and Names.

Stephen Smith.
Handset Son.

I88I-2

IJP

Francis

Higgins.

1882-3

^

C. S.

Harris.

1883-4

®

1884-5

HFtn

J. R.

Hennell.

1885-6

<3B^

Messrs.

Hancock.

1885-7

M

„

.'

1887-8

IT

„

1888-9

1889-90
^Z>
Messrs.
Hancock.
i8go-i
1 »
¦•
"
i8gi-2
» »
"
•¦
1892-3
^^
W.
Comyns.
1893-4
SSS
S. W.
Smith & Co.
(of Birmingham).
1894-5
Hfi
BrowneU &
Rose.
"
^
Messrs.
Barnard.
1895-6
Ud
1896-7
#
W.
Hutton & Sons, Ltd
1897-8
#>
Messrs.
Carrington.
1898-9
@9
18991900
S?
E.C.
Purdee.
1900-1
<SQ[j^
1901-2
93
1902-3
^^
W.
Comyns & Sons.
Articles and Owners.
Large circular salver on feet.
Candlesticks, octagonal pattern, George II. style.
A tea service, of fluted pattern, George III. style.
Tea spoons : Mr. Lascelles Carr.
Candlesticks, with fluted columns, William III.
pattern.
Small waiter on three feet.
Large punch bowl, plain flutes round base.
Large two-handled cup : The Makers.
Do. do. do. . Do.
Milk jug : Do.
Umbrella mounts : The Author.
Two-bottle ink-stand, with rail.
Toilet box The Makers.
Engraved goblet : Do.
Coffee pot : Do.
Toilet set ; Mrs. Budd.
Set of three dredgers, George I. pattern.
Ink-stand : The Author.
Standing cup : Mr. L. A. W'est.
Toy windmill.
Ink-stand : Mr. G. A. Riddell.
Afternoon tea set : The Makers.
Small stew-pan ; Mr. Davidson.
Hot--water jug : Do.
Presentation cup : Mr. Ignatius Williams.
Communion cup : St. Olave, York.
Butter dish : The Makers.
2i6 Names of London Goldsmiths.

CHAPTER IX.
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF NAMES OF LONDON
GOLDSMITHS.
[ FROM A.D. logo to A.D. 1850 ].

For the greater number of the names in the following list, thanks
are due to Mr. R. C. Hope, F.S.A., who generously placed the results
of his labours in the compilation of lists of the names of the goldsmiths
of London and most of the English provincial towns where plate has
been assayed, at the disposal of the author for the purpose of this work.
In Mr. Hope's lists the surnames are arranged alphabetically ; but
having regard to the fact that such arrangement results in names of
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries coming, in many instances,
before those of the thirteenth, and so forth, it has been deemed preferable
to adopt a chronological order. Moreover, by reason of the rule as to
the letters used in makers' marks from 1697 to 17 19 being different
from that in force before and after that period, no regular alphabetical
arrangement could be adopted whereby the identification of marks with
names would be rendered easy. The alphabetical order has therefore
been disregarded, and Mr. Hope's hsts have been re-arranged, chrono
logically, with the prenomen and surname in their proper order, so that
the initials appear as they are generally found on plate.* Mr. Hope's
lists have been extended by the addition of several hundred names,
which have been collected from early records, directories and similar
sources. To facilitate the finding of initials, these have all — as well in
the case of surnames as Christian or personal names — been printed
in vertical hnes with a clear space between. Occasionally, names which
appear at one date, re-appear at a later date. In these cases, for the
* In the case of " firm-names,'' such as Home & Temple, in which no Christian name or
prenomen occurs, the first surname which appears in the "style" of the firm, is for the sake of con
venience printed m the prenomen column. The first two letters of the surname, which appear in
makers marks on plate of the Britannia Standard from 1697 to I73g, may be easily identified in the
toliowing list by reason of the surnames being set clear of the Christian names.

Names of London Goldsmiths.

217

most part, the addresses are different, and although the person may
be the same, the reverse is possible. Many names are repeated in the
Goldsmiths' books by reason of the re-registration of marks ; but wher
ever it has been ascertained that the same person — not being associated
with another — has re-entered his name, the repetition has been avoided,
except in the case of Paul de Lamerie and a few others, where a
change in the spelling of the name appears to be noteworthy.
Some names have been found recorded in one year only ; others
in two years, one immediately following the other, or at very short
intervals. It should not be concluded in such cases that the goldsmith
worked for a period no longer than is thereby indicated, because marks
have been found to have been in use for a much longer period than is
denoted by records. In many instances marks have been used before
registration, and in others they have been used by successors after the
death of the goldsmiths in whose names they had been entered : —
(" Earliest Mention" and "Latest Mention " refer to the earliest and latest mention which has been
noted ; d. means died ; c. means circa))

1^ °

"S c
Name of Goldsmith.
S 2
11
Remarks.
Latest
Mention.
Name of Goldsmith.
Remarks.
Latest
Mention.
Otto the Elder
1090
Graver to
1100
Henry de Frowyk
I27g
Mint logo.
William (Sir) Faryngdon
Mayor.
1290
l....4-^4-...^..\ ~
1100
II35
Thos. (Sir) de Frowick
1^
,,
i^eoisicLiic c
Otto the Younger
c 1120
Hugh Fitz Otho
1280
Master of
1290
William Fitz Otto
c 1130
Mint.
First
WiUiam Fitz Otho
i2go
1294
Henry Fitz Alwyn
ii8g
Mayor of
London.
1213
William Torel
John le Mazerer
i3°3
Henry de Cornhill
1191
Warden of
Mint.
"93
 Honilane
John le Whympler
1307
di303
Ralph Flael
1200
John de Loutlie
Oueen's
William Fitz WUliam
1212
G'smith.
Uger the Goldsmith
1221
Master of
1223
William de Berkinge
Mint.
Nicholas (Sir) Faren(g)don
1308
d 1361
Everard the Goldsmith
1223
Warden.
1225
Richard de Wyhall
1323
William Fitz Otto
King's
G'smith.
1243
Robert Box
Thomas de Lincoln
Richard Abel
"43
Graver
to Mint.
Walter de Lincoln
Roger of Ely
'•
Hugh Bland
,j
Sheriff.
Richard (Sir) Britane
1326
Mayor,
WiUiam of Gloucester
1255
Master of
1258
Henry of Gloucester
1332
Mint.
Thomas de Berkele
1334
Warden.
Conrad the Goldsmith
I26g
Richard Loverye
,,
,,
1337
John Fitz Patrick
,,
John de Makenhead
^,
Hubert the Goldsmith
Simon de Berking
1349
Thomas Fitz Otho
1265
1275
William Speron
1336
Ralph le Blount
1267
Thomas de Rokesley
1337
Michael Thovy
j^
John de Kingeston
J]
JJ
Laurence Ducket
.Assay
1284
William d' Espagne
Robert le Shoreditch
1339
"
135°
Gregor Rokesby
1 27 1
Master &
Mayor.
1285
Nicholas de Walyn'wick
William Wyndesore
1340
"
Josee the Goldsmith
1276
Mint
Master.
William de Walton
Nicholas Walsh
13471348
220

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

Thomas
John Thomas
Robert
JohnJohn John
John Robert
John Thomasliobert
John (Sir)
Laurence
R.
John Thomas Thomas
Richard RobertWiUiam
Robert
NicholasJohn William
ThomasJohnHenry
Ralph
John
John RobertThomas
John Derrick
Robert WiUiamAffabel
Thos. (Sir)
RobertJohn

JohnJohn RichardGeorgeHumphrey
NicholasRalph
John Thomas
RaselJohn Henry
RogierEdmondWilliam
Thomas
NicholasRogierAnthonyRobert

Marshall Bolter
Glenton LawerdHart Harvey
Reynolds
Barons Frew
Gardener
Weltherell Danbie
Williams
WarrenMaynard Andewerpe
HartoppeKeeling LoundeBrandon KelwayeTayleboys
Bartholomew Kettlewood Lynison
Stephens (Stevyns)
Waterstone
Newhall
Lathom WickesCross
Reyns
Metcalfe Danyell
Antony
Harrison BeereblockePartridge
GreshamFfrice Palterton
Wark Clarke
Kettlewood
Robyns Warrenson StephensMolde
Lynne Latham
Bardolph
Browne Cornyshe
Dale Goldeville
Horton
Hatcombe Tylsworth
Spooner Molde Taylour
Neale
Hortopp

1540

1 541
1545

1546,15481549

Remarks.

^55°

1551

1552

155;

Warden 1566.

Latest
Mention.

1553

15521553

156915831569
1553
1569 1553
di578 1549
di556

15661569

1568
cli579

1569

di559

1553

Name of Goldsmith.

RafeThomasAndrewThomas
John Robert

Itowlett
Baven Pomer
Dewey Hulson
Wygge

John

BuU

Henry

Boswell

WiUiam

Foxe

John

Pekerynge

Richard

Sharpe

William

Walker

George

Longedale

Hugh

Crooke

Christoph

er Ffulke

Franklin

Richard

Martin

Laurence

Rycle

John

Ealeston

Nicholas

Courtnall

John

Wheeler

Hugh

Keale

(Kayle)

Richard

Hanberrie

James

Storke

John

Alsop

Stephen

Durrant

Thomas

Maye

William

Jones

Gabriel

Newman

Robert

Tailbrushe

George

Gatchet

WiUiam

( Carter
\ Cater

Thomas

Green

Roger

Hyat

Edward

Ranklyn

Simon

Brooke

Robert

Taylebois

Thomas

Muschampe

Thomas

Gardiner

Peter

Bolton

Francis

Heton

Godderyke

Thomas
Heard
Robert
Medley
Robert
Aske
Gylbart
William
Dyckeson
(Dyxson)
John
Matthew
Nicholas
Sutton
Antony
Bate
George
Martin
James
Nutshawe

Stocke
Edward
Gilberd
Jasper
I'^ysher
Thomas
Gardiner
George
Dalton
Henry
Gaynsford
RichardRobert
RogersSharoe
S.2
1554
1557
1558
1559
1560
Remarks.
Warden 1566.
1561
156-
1564 1565
15661567
Latest
Mention.
1553
1555
15861569
Warden 1566.
15711569
1570
15791575
156615731562
di56i 1569 t>
d 1562
15861569
Names of

London Goldsmiths.

221
Name of
Goldsmith.
ti d
S o
11
Remarks.
Latest
Mention
Name of
Goldsmith.
Remarks.
Latest
Mention
Thomas
Pope
567
1569
William
Frank
[579
Peter
Maas
)>
John
Cranks
))
John (Sir)
Langley (Ald'n)
1576
Cornelius
Vandort Heydon
Richard
Robins
Robert
Hutchinson
»
1597
Thomas
Hampton
1569
Rowland
Johnson
1580
William
Notte
di568
Edmund
Grete
JJ
W.
Calton
1568
1569
George
Ne whole
„
John
Bird
)j
William
Noke
)j
William
Ffynstwayte T-I Q f ^r\TTnl-,p
J)
Reinard
John Robert
Trip CoUins
))
Thomas
inaLcuiiiut;
Conell
Planckney
,j
Christopher Wace |
„
Richard
Lory
))
George
Warren
1586
Roger
Easton
'J
Edmund
Cornwall
Aaudrian
Queeney
))
Francis
Jackson
Henry
Gilbert
„
Henry
Gilberd
1569
1569
Robert
Andrews
3)
Robert
Wright
1578
John
Fox
„
di597
John
Lannyson
James
Poole
„
John Thomas
Foxe
William
Rawlinson
1382
Turpin
1570
Richard
Brooke
)>
Thomas
Bampton
Richard
Matthew
1583
Henry
Sutton
1586
Humphrey
Dutton
„
1586
Richard
Howe
Henry
Colley
„
AUeyne
1570
Thomas
Kelynge
„
„
" ohn
Thomas
Keale
Thomas
Francknall
„
Sympson
)I
John
Speilman
1)
Oueen's /^' -il..
1597
Thomas
Benson
G smith
Robert
Frye
Edward
Harding
JJ
Robert
Signell
Francis
Shute
1584
William
^ ones, sr.
John
Brode
„
William
_ ones, jr.
Stephen
Mabbe
1585
Robert
Hawkins
1
John
Morris
„
WiUiam
Holborne
James
Feake
„
William
Burneye
William
Johnson
1585
John
Wetheryll
Thomas
Taylor
1586
Edward
Creake
J,
Harry
Cornford
„
John
Harryson
1569
John
Fox
)>
"
Thomas
Harrison
,,
Peter
King
1)
W.
Alsoppe
,,
John
Wilson
,,
Thomas
Clerke
,,
Justyne
Spencer
„
John
Goodrich
„
John
Moothe
,,
WiUiam
Marten
,,
Newton
)»
1596
Robert
Durrant
,,
Henry
Keele
„
Thomas
Denham
^^
Thomas
Robinson
„
John
Pinfold
„
Christophf
;r Waiste
J)
John
Loveyson
157c
1572
Edward
Greene
„
Edward
Delves
1599
WilUam
Ffreeke
1586
John
Castell
1572
Andrew
Bawdyn
di587
Nicholas
HiUyard
d 1619
Edward
Delves
^587
George
Haynes
1572
John
Morley
1588
John
Loveyson
Master of
di583
Simon
Sedgwick
„
1630
Mint.
William
Franch
1589
Peter
Hibbins
1573
Robert
Tripps
JJ
William
Leighton
John
Bull
di58g
Cuthbert
Crackford
Francis
Longworth
159c
di598
Isaac
Sutton
157')
di589
Henry
Hargrave
„
John
Mabbe, jr.
157.
Nicholas
Heyrick
,,
d 1601
Samuel
Cole
i57f
)
Giles
Sympson
„
di6o8
ohn (Sir)
Langley
1586
Thomas
Laurence
„
' ohn
WUkins
J,
1599
John
Robinson
J)
WiUiam
Cocknidge
))
Thomas
Bowes
»
Thomas
Jenkinson
))
Richard
Cheney
159'
J
d 1625
John
WethereU
157
?
1586
John
Lovejoy
159'
I
Richard
Robinson
))
Richard
Croshaw
"
d 1621
222

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

Hugh
Noye EdwardFrancis
EdwardJohnRobertDaniel
William PeterBalthazarHugh (Sir)
William
JohnRoger
Peter Anthony
John ThomasRichard
Nicholas John William
GeorgeRandall Timothy
AnthonyWUliamDame Mary
Valentine
SimonWilliam
JohnJohnJames (Sir)
George BarnabeRichard
PhiUip
George PhilipFrancis
RichardWilliam Christopher
GabrielFabyanRichard
William WiUiam
Henry
John RichardArthur
John Wm. (Sir)
Robert
Humphrey
Thomas
WilliamOliverThomas
WilUamSimon

Kayle Farmer
Brooke
Glanfield
Hyde Moore
Thomas
Binnell Carco
Blundell LawtMyddleton
Keale
Hoare Bootby
Marmur Bull
.Acton Ffranklyn
KeaneHooper
Lovejoy HeyrickeCarol
RawlinsonEm an
Herring
TerryRamsey
Judd EdmondsRolph
RundallColtePembertonCaro
Gregory Rogers Strelley
Heriot Shelley
Haddon ManWood Wase
Barber
Sympson PhiUips
Rawlins FrancisCheshire
WheelerWheeler
BassettReynolds
Ward Orpwood Lambert
Savage Shordeer Mantle
Boyce
King Sedgwick

1594 )J
1597
1598
15991600

i&1600

i6-
16011602

16031604
i6o5 16071608
1609
1611
1612

Mayor
1611-2.

1607

1611

"5 Q

Latest
Mention
Name of Goldsmith.
Oj 0
Remarks.
Latest
Mention.
1599
Derrick
Beley
161:
d i5oo
Robert
Shirley (the Elder)
JJ
John
Boultby
161;
John
Bowman
1, "
Nicholas
Hooker
„
1630
Gains
Newman
d 1613
Francis
Chapman
161.I
1635
Henry
Blackmore
„
1651
Benjamin
Tate
1615
1635
William
Keble
,,
d 163 1
Thomas
Simpson
,,
1611
George
Smithies
d 1615
1607
Robert
Brocklesby
n
J,
Richard
Adams
1616
1648
Richard
Phelce
_^
WiUiam
Ireland
^j
1630
William
Peacock
j^
George
Wakefield
,,
1647
Richard
Weld
,^
Joshua
Walter
1617
i6og
Thomas (Sir) Exmewe
1618
John
Middleston
Henry
Feake
1612
GeorgeThomas
Binge
Garrett
"
i
Robert
Davies
1619
d i62g
Anthony
John
Risby
Pemberton
"
Thomas
Dymock
Tirie
1620
di6ig
d 1647
MichaelGeorgeAnthony
Barkstead WiUie
Peniston
"
d 1613
William
John
Fairfax
Hanfan
•'
John
Peacock
1621
1
Francis
Malbery
^^
d 1638
1632
William
Webbe
^1
1
Henry
Banister
1622
d 1622
d 1624
John
Wilde
^^
1603
Robert
Humphrey
Treat
Hargrave
"
Thomas
Nevett
d 1655
Thomas
Bowen
1623
d 1605
JohnJohn
LeighWeld
1623
John
Jennings
1624
Edward
HolePatrickson
"
Thomas
Death
Arthur
Panter
Walter
Shute
"
Richard
Snow
1625
Arthur
Wright
i6ig
WilUam
Beale
1630
Richard
Treat
1626
d i5og
William
Sandy
')
Frances
Bishop
1627
1633
d 1611
ThomasRichard
.Treat Trett
Thomas
Violet
1660
William
Sanckney
Matthew
Paris
1629
d 1619
Thomas
Nene
M
iVrt

lies OJ

Lond

on Golds

miths.

223
Name of
Goldsmith.
.1.1
Is
Remarks.
Latest
Mention
Name of
Goldsmith.
.l.iW2
Remarks.
Latest
Mention
Matthew
CuIIeford
1630
John
Mackarnes
1643
Maurice
Walron
^,
Richard
Marsh
Richard
Gosson
Edward
Edmunds
1643
Thomas
Leadham
John
Portman
1644
dl683
WiUiam
Roger
^j
William
Jackson
d 1644
Humphrey
Banckes
„
Thomas (Sir) Viner |
1645
di665
Thomas
Palmer
„
Francis
Harris
JI
Walter
Furzer
1631
Gabriel
Marriott
1655
Richard
CrowthavV
^1
Richard
Waring
1646
William
Mantle
1632
di665
WiUiam
Hough
,,
1655
WUliam
Clent
II
Michael
Herring
,,
Samuel
.Moore
,1
di677
Robert
Lumpany
1647
Simon
Gibbon
,1
Thomas
Hodges
William
Feake
1632
Thomas
Smithie
1649
Anthony
Bradshaw
1633
Thonias
Maundy
1649
: 1665
Clement
Stonor
))
1689
Thomas
Noel
J)
Henry
Futter
))
1650
WiUiam
Wayne
,,
1658
WiUiam
Brown
Richard
MorreU
,,
1^1703
Richard
OcaU
I&34
Richard
Gibbs
Humphrey
Bedenfield
Matthew
Mason
,,
W'illiam
Harrenden
II
Alexander
Jackson
1,
Francis
HaU
,,
1649
Humphrey
Bath
1650
Giles
AUeyne
Henry
Pinckney
,,
1660
John
Gerrard
,,
John
Terry
1 1650
WiUiam
Daniel
Robert
South
\ !,
Richard
Clay
Ji'
Leonard
CoUard
1652
Simons
Gibson
II
William
Symonds
1652
Walter
Merrell
Alexander
HouU
,,
WiUiam
Gibbs
II
George
Pemberton
1654
Edward
Elton
Edward
Backwell
di683
Francis
Ash
1652
John
ColviUe
1655
1665
Thomas
Collyer
1635
Edward
South
1655
James
Beamont
Henry
Whittingham
,,
Peter
White
II
WiUiam
Rawson
1656
1666
WiUiam
Wheeler
II
i6g9
John
Sketcher
,,
James
White
II
William
Smithier
1657
_ ohn
Pargiter
1636
di668
Ralph
Leet
1680
.ohn
Rayne
11
Edward
Abel
„
Henry
Starkey
George
Best
„
John
Perrin
1637
di656
Hugh
Lewis
1657
Richard
Vance
,,
d 1641
George
Bullen
„
William
Eversley
Charles
Everard
I65S
di665
William
Mainwaring
II
d 1659
George (Sii
) Viner
J'
di673
Charles '
Punge
II
di665
Henry
Baggs
1658
J.
Buckle
1638
Roger
Lee
1659
John (Sir)
WoUaston
1,
di658
Simon
Player
„
Andrew
Edwards
1639
John
Garrett
„
John
Goodwin
William
Sankey
1659
William
Johnson
II
1652
Thomas
Bonny
1,
liobert
Paine
1640
John
Feake
1660
ohn
Flake
II
1653
Edmund
Michell
5>
1665
^alph
Robinson
II
Henry
Fuller
„
George
Snell
1,
1677
William
Johnson
,,
John
Crounton
II
John
Wasson
))
Edward
Michell
1652
Cuthbert
1677
Thomas
Smith
John
Billingsby
1661
Robert
Jenner
II
di648
Wimbush
1662
John
Westman
Robert (Si
) ^'iner
,,
1689
George
Courthope
1649
Francis
Meynell
,,
Jacob
Isaac
1641
James (Sir
Drax
1663
John
Smith
,1
William
Pinchley
,,
Hennitrie
Bates
164.
Edward
Greene
,,
Tobias
Coleman
II
1653
Robert
Wealstead
,,
1702
.^.braham
Smith
,)
John
Hinde
^,
1677
Thomas
Hogges
John
Adtherton
1664
224

Names of London Goldsmiths.

v> =

¦K H
Name of
Goldsmith.
^ "^ Remarks.
Latest
Mention
Name of
Goldsmith.
.a -2
Remarks.
Latest
Mention
MS
WS
Thomas
Panton
1664
Thomas
Kirkwood
1670
Anthony
Walter
,,
John (Sir)
Brattle
,j
i6go
Nicholas
Clobury
1665
Michael
Whaley
JJ
Nicholas
Sulle
II
John
Tassel
JJ
1692
¦ ohn
Hind
II
Gilbert
WhitehaU
1672
ohn
Harling
1666
George
Portman
„
John
Marryott
„
Richd. (Sir)
Hoare
,,
Mayor
1718
WiUiam
Hall
])
1713-
John
Smithies
11
Robert
Welstead
JJ
Colte
JJ
Thomas
WiUiams
1673
di697
WiUiam
HuUn
John
Innes
JJ
Chas. (Sir)
Doe
Edward
Gladin
JJ
Bartholo'ew Leyton
,,
1668
James
Whitehead
1674
Edward
Backwell
d 1679
John
Saunders
Joseph
Hornby Mason
"
1677
John Thomas
Thursby
Ash
16751676
1677
1697
William
Boteler
1668
John
Burrow
1677
John
Austin
JJ
Thomas
Pardo
John
Gaston
John
Blake
Isaac
Meynall
JJ
Brabant
Nathaniel
Hornby
JJ
John
Bolitho &
)
Nicholas
Dawes
)>
Wilson
Francis
Kenton
JJ
Benjamin
Rigforth
John Mawson & Co.
,j
1677
John
Ballard
_ ohn
Coggs
JJ
>'
John
Morris
_ ohn
Gilbert
,j
Peter
Wade
1681
erem'h (Si
-) Snow
JJ
d 1702
Charles
Duncombe
}
' Robert
Blanchard
))
1680
& Richard
Kent
r-fobert
Fintham
))
Job
Bolton
Edward
Cossen
Henry
Nelthorpe
Michael
Kirby
J,
Samuel
Brabourne
Edward
Barwell
^j
Peter
Percival &
}
Thomas
Sturgis
,,
Stephen
Evans
Hinton&Co. Maidson
WilliamThomas
Depster
Cook&
John
"
1
WilUam
Peirson
Nicholas
Carew
Simon
Middleton
J,
Hugh & Jno. Lent
Richard
Lucas
JJ
John
Addis & C
0.
Augustus
Dudley
,,
Thomas
Price
, ereniy
Gregory
,j
John
Grimes
Jenry
Rouse
„
Augustus
AUard
John
Lindsay
Waterhouse
JJ
1670
StatHumphrey
Ahearn
Stocks
Burt
JJ
George
Copp
Jartholo'ew Soane
,,
Henry
Lamb
i7"3
Robert
Tempest
,j
Robert
Ward&
William
Sanberry
JJ
John
Townley
Edmund
Hinton
John
Hind&
WiUiam
Preston (?)
Thomas
Garwood
John
East
JJ
1677
Benjamin
Hinton
Edward
East
,,
Thomas
Kilburne&
1
Thomas
Rowe
J,
II
James
Capill
Thomas
Potter
,,
James
Lanlev
Henry
Blomer
»
John Mawson & Co.
Bernard
Turner
JJ
1670
, Bart.
Turner &
}
John
Snell
1680
Saml.
Tookie
John (Sir)
Shorter
1687
Richard
Staley
William
Gosling
167c
1674
John
Temple &
1
l"*"" ,o- X
Temple
,j
1677
John
Scale
Thos. (Sir)
Cook
"
1686
y
Names of London Goldsmiths. 225
(The dates under the heading "entered" are those of entry or registration at Goldsmiths' Hall).

Xa.me of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Thomas I'lowerdew
Edward Blake
Audrean van Schipcroft

1677

Thomas

White

II

Nicholas

Lock

II

Simon

Clark

II

Edward

Wards

II
John
HiU&
)
Thomas
Garwood
)>
William
FassetChurchill
"
Warw
Yard
,j
Major John
Wallis
JJ
Paul
Alestre
JJ
John
Edmonds
John
Ewing &
1
Benjamin
Norrington
"
John
Bruse
^j
James
Heriot
,j
Richard
Stayley
,,
Ralph
Far
J,
Benjamin
Bathurst
,j
Michael
Schrimshaw
,,
Peter
Vergrew
^^
Joseph
Chapman
JJ
James
Caepell
,,
Thomas
Rowe &
!
Thomas
Green
"
Robert
Blanchard & 1
Richard
Child
J
1)
John
Nunesan
JJ
John
Aldis & Co
JJ
Saniuel Burlingham & Co.
JJ
Thos. (Sir)
Fowles
JJ
James
Johnson
J)
James
Hore
Joseph
Hornby &
\
Nathaniel
Hornby
i
"
John
Sweetapple
,,
Peter
White &
,
Churchill
ICetch Wilstead
1)
Robert
1678
John
Hareling
JJ
Barnard
Eales
,,
Mr.
FeUs
1679
Thomas
Jameson
Ralph
Leeke
JJ
Peter
White
J,
Richard
Lassels
1680
I^ichard
Sheldon
)>
John
Butler
Heneage
Price
1681
Nicholas
Smith
,,
Thomas
Wilcox
JJ
Charles
Wheeler
John
Sealey
1682
George
Garthorne
,j
Thomas
Seymour
,,
William
Walker
1683
Mr.
White
,j
Nicholas
Smith &
}
W.
Potter
"
Entered.
Latest
Mention.
1697
i6go
i6gi
169:
d 1694
1687
1687
Name of Goldsmith.
Earliest
Mention.
John BenjaminJohn John Anthony D.
John Henry
EdwardJohn Jas.
Nathaniel Stephen Francis
William WilliamPeter Charles
Joseph H.
Nathaniel Robert Francis (Sir) Child
William Scarlett
Phillip Booker
George Middleton
Richard Snagg
Middleton & Campbell
Maurice Pyne
Batch Phelps
pickets Buteux
MarlowJenningsPinfold Saint
Geeene Venables
Garthorne Pierson Gamble
Harrache Brattle (Assay Mr.)
Brandon Hankey
PooleTimbrell
ArthurWilliamI^obert
John Edward
JeremiahJohn JohnJohn ThomasJohnPeterPeterWilliamLandThomasRobert
Joseph WilUam.AndrewMatthewStephenThomas
Jonah HenryRalph
I^awrence
John LawrenceTimothy WilliamSamuel
Maynwaring
LowdersKeatt Mory
Lane Diggle
Jones MarloweFreame RuslenFreame
Allen LaughtonMonga Lupart
GladwinDoyle
Brydon CooperBirdBrett
RavenMadden Coleman
Jenkins Kirk Penstone LeekeWimans Jones Hodson Colds or Coles
Ley Matthew
DeU
1683 1684
1685 1686 1687 J»
1688
i6go i6gi i6g21693 )J
i6g4
1(^95i6g6
1698 i6g7
Latest
Mention.
1723 1697 1688
1697
1716 1708I7151725
1694
1709
1729 i7"3
15
226

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

Joshua Edward
John Charles
EdmundWilliamI'rancis
Jonathan Joseph Edward
JohnJames
John ThomasIsrael
Samuel
John Dorothy Edward
John Andrew MathewWilliam
Samuel
James Alexander
John William
RichardGeorgeWilliamWilliam
John BenjamenSeth
Benjamin
JohnJonathan Francis
Jonathan
Joyce Richard
John SamuelBenjamin .Anne RobertGeorge
Joshua Edward
RobertPhiUipEdward
Samuel Isaac
WilliamA.
John
John Thomas
Charles
John William
Francis

Frenshaw FreemanSpackman
Williams
Townsend Gibson Hoyte
Bassy
Stokes Gibson
Ladyman Chadwick
Cory
IssodPincking Hawkes
Jackson
Grant Brockes
Shepherd MooreWest
Denny Jeffreys
Edgar Roode
Brassey Middleton SynginTitterton
PenstoneGimberDownes Pyne
Lofthouse Braford
Penfold Crutchfield
ArchboldLambeThriscoss Issod
NightingaleEdwards Thorne Harris
RomanTimbrell HaversReadshawIronside
Peake
Roker
Jones Hood
Dighton
Flemniing Montgomery
Snelling East
ParrOvering Diggle
Bambridge Billingsley

Earliest
Mention.

Eiitercd.'

1697

i6g7

1723
1716

1704

Name of Goldsmith.

John Daniel
JohnJonathan Edward
John Isaac
JamesWilliam
John William Christopher
FrancisHugh
PhillipWilliam
JohnJohn
Joseph AnthonyDavid WilliamChristopherMoses
JohnBenjaminWilliamRichardMichael
John Launcelot
Henry.MarkFreame &
PeterPeter
John
John GeorgeNathaniel
JamesJohn BenjaminMark
John

Sutton
Garnier Cole Bradley
CourthopeSmithsend Davenport
Blaygrave
Denney &
Backe DenneyRiley
Singleton Roberts
RoUes
.AndrewsLeach
Bodington Ward
NelmeWillaume Gamble Canner
Brown
I'awderyTraherneFrancis Hutchinson
WilsonPearson & ji

Earliest
Mention.

1697

BenjaminWhite William
William EdwardRalph
Andrew
JohnPierre WUUam
John Job Ishmael
John Thomas
John PhiUipLewis Matthew

Keate
Collins
PailletGould
HarracheHarrachCi CoveChartierCox
Lock
I-'earce Porter
BentleyPaillet
Eckfourd Coxgrove
Watts WalshBull Fawdery
LambertGerrard
Stone Cooke
Platel Petley Fawdony
HanksBone
Heley Corbet
BroakeOyle
George Cooper

i

jun.

Latest
Mention.

1697

i6g8

i6gg

1699

1698

1700

1699

1716
1733
i6gg1701
1720170717101715
172017281741i73f^
17201701

1728
1705
17111739

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
\Iention.

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

Name of

Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Entcipcl.

Latest
Mention.

William Lukin

i6g9

1730

.\ndrew

Archer

1703

George Lewis

Jonah
Clifton
John Fletcher
1700
Joseph
Barbitt
„
Gabriel Player
,,
Louis
Cuny
1719
William Ciosson
II
William
Warham
1,
Stephen Edmonds
William
Juson
1704
Samuel Smith
Daniel
Sleamaker
.>
John Gibbons
Edmund
Pearce
" 1
Edmund Proctor
James
Beschefer
William Matthew
Alexander
Hudson
Richard Bigge
John
Chamberlen
John Goode
Thomas
Peele
,,
John Backe
John
Read
,,
Lewis Mettayer
1720
John
Wisdome
"
Thomas Spackman
William
Hinton
"
Henry Green
John
Rand
,,
WiUiam Green
Isaac
Liger
„ ' 1724
Alice Sheene
John
Smith
1704
1710
John Bathe
Jonathan
Kirk
1705
Joseph Moore
1700
John
Hudson
Charles (Sir) Duncombe
1,
David
Venables
,,
Bassy & Caswall
II
John Martin Stocker & |
1705
Benjamen Tudiman & ]
Edward
Peacock 1
Stephen Shield i
PhiUip
RoUes, jun.
"
Nathaniel Woolfrey ' „
WUliam
Warham, jun.
„
Henry fVubin ; „
Matthew E
Lofthouse
„ 1 '721
Richard Morson ! ,
Edward
York
„ ! '773
Robert Stokes
James
Thomason
1706
Ralph Crowder
Thomas
Burridge
1706
Thomas Falkenham
Thomas
Folkingham
Benjamin Prynne
1722
Andrew
Raven
Benjamen Tudiman
1712
John
Abbott
Timothy Lee
1700
William
Denny
Sainuel Lee
1701
1720
William
Fordham
Samuel Wastell
II
Jacob
Margas
Thomas Sadler
David
Williams
John Cope
,1
John
Crutcher
David Greene
II
II
Gabriel
Sleath
,,
1750
William Spring
1,
James
Hallett
1707
(ii753
Jean Petrig
II
Christophei
.A.tkinson
1707
Willoughby Masham
II
Mary
Matthew
Joshua Field
Pierre le
Cheaube
'
John Tiffin.
Thomas
Holland
„
John Reade & )
Daniel Sleamaker (
Thomas
Farrar
.1
PhiUip
Rainaude
,,
Gerrard & Newell
1706
Phillip
Brush
"
Samuel Pantin
1720
Thomas
Fawler
,, !
John Corosey
Thomas
Farren
„
Hum.phrey Payne
,1
175°
Jean
Petrij
, '
George Boothby
1701
Edward
Cornac or }
173"
Launcelot Keatt
1702
1716
Cornock j
Thomas Waterhouse
1702
Mary
Bainbridge
t
Anthony Blackford
Thos. (Sir)
Rawlinson
¦754
Jonathan Madden
1,
Robert
Yate
1708
'
Charles Adams
II
Henry
Hankey
,,
Matthew Cooper
Augustus
Courtauld
1708
William Barnes
Thomas
Wall
i
Abraham Russell
John
Reade
,, 1
Robert Lovell
John
Clifton
,1 \
Richard MorreU
1703
John
Ruslen
Joseph Wilson
,,
1710
Richard
Bayley
William Charnelhouse
i7°3
Andrew
Dalton
George Gillingham
Joseph
Smith
1737
Richard Greene
II
Richard
Clarke
Matthew Pickering
„
Henry
Clarke
1709
1720
228

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name

3F Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

Entered

Latest
Mention.

Na.me

or Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

Entered

Latest
Mention.

Francis

Turner

1709

Samuel

Welder

1714

Thomas
Pritchard
WilUiara
Spackman
1723
Edward
Holaday
II
Charles
Jackson
,1
Edward
York
II
WiUiam
England & )
Gundry
Roode
.,
1721
John
Vaen S
"
Ebenezer
Roe
il
Isaac
Riboulau
I,
WiUiam
Twell
,,
Samuel
Margas
II
Nicholas
Clausen
1718
Richard
Gines
II
Edward
Jennings
James
Seabroke
James
Wethered
,,
Thomas
Langford
1715
Charles
Shales
Payne & Co.
1710
Daniel
Paul
Yerbury Hanet
James
Fraillon
1710
Edward
Barnet
II
Richard
Watts
II
Benjamin
Blakely
II
Edward
Peacock
II
Francis
Plymley
II
Nathaniel
Roe
II
Petley
Ley
II
James
Rood
II
David
Kilmaine
II
Robert
Keble
II
Benjamin
Howell
di7i5
Joseph
Fainell
II
Henry
Jay
1716
1770
.Andrew
Archer
,1
George
Horn
John
Humphrey
II
Richard
Greene
II
1716
1726
William
Turbit
II
James
Morson
Isaac
Malyn
II
Robert
HUl
"
1720
Robert
Kempton
II
Daniel
Cunningham
1720
John
Keigwin
,1
Lewis
Hamon
II
1738
John
FUght
n
William
Bellasyse
1720
William
Truss
Thomas
Mason
James
Goodwin
1,
1721
Richard
Edwards
John
Matthew
II
Joseph
BeU
Joseph
Sheene
John
Harris
1786
John
Stockar
John
Corporon
WiUiam
Pearson
II
1720
J.
Barbitt
1717
Thomas
Payne
1711
Thomas
Shermer
Isaac
Dalton
1711
Paul
Hanet
Thomas
Sutton
WiUiam
Bellamy
"
Jonathan
Newton
William
Pearson
"
John
Holland
Williams
Street
1720
Joshua
HoUand
William
Penstone
"
WiUiam
Matthew
John
PhillipsParr
"
Samuel
Lea
1718
Thomas
"
1733
Hezekiah
Mountford
Joseph
Ward
"
EUis
Gamble
1712
WiUiam
Petley
"
Thomas
Bevault
I7I2
John
Sanders
1720
Richard
Raine
Samuel
Welder
"
Samuel
Hitchcock
Starling
Wilford
"
"
Richard
Williams
II
Simon
Pantin
"
"
Paul
Lamerie
II
1749
Thomas
Burridge
Gueere
"
>)
Edward
Vincent
1713
1739
John
"
"
George
Lambe
I7I3
John
Wisdome
"
MichaelThomas
BoultMann
1720
ohn
Richard
Pero Gines
..
1739
William
Looker
Gabriel
Barber
T'/TT
"
Thomas
Evesdon, or
II
John
HUl
^ 1^ (
George Thomas
PhUIip John
DavidJosephJoseph
NathanielJohn Henry
Josiah
Ewesdin
BealePort
Robinson Ludlow
Tanqueray
Ward Clare
Bland
Farnell BeesleyDaniel
17 )
14
n
1717
1720
Henry
John Rene
John George
JohnJonathan WiUiam
Thomas ¦ ohn
. ohn
Hugh
Hoare
Brumhall HudeUMillington
Gillingham Lingard
Newton Paradise
MorseBignel
Le Sage
Sanders
1718
1718
1722
172017191736
Names of London Goldsmiths.

229

Name of Goldsmi'

Earliest
Mention.

James

Smith

William

Darkeratt

John

Motherby

Sarah

Holaday

John

White

Hugh

Arnett & )
Pocock j

Edward

Hodgkis

Edmund

Hickman

Richard

Scarlett

Jane

Lambe

Hugh

Arnett

Joseph

Steward

Christopher Gerrard

Samuel

Smith

Edward

Gibbons

Thomas

Tearle

John

Jones

Thomas

Gladwin

Peter

Archambo

John

Bromley

Anne

Tanqueray

Edward

Hall

Edward

Turner

William

Truss

William

Fawdery

Arte

Dicken

Paul

Crespin

Henry

Clarke

PhU.

RoUes

John

Hopkins

John

Smith

William

Spackman

Mary

Roode

George

Squire

Isaac

Riboulau

James

Smith

Benj.

Watts

J.

Burridge

Ambrose

Stephenson

Glover

Johnson

Henry

Miller

Starling

Wilford

Thomas

Tuite

John

Betts

Jacob

Margas

Humphrey

Payne

Francis

Turner

Henry

Greene

Thomas

Ffarrer

George

Brydon

Richard

Bayley

Joshua

Holland

Thomas

Bamford

Michael

Ward

Sarah

Parr

John

Barnard

Edmund

Pearce

John

Wisdome

Phillis

Phillips

John

Newton

Samuel

Blackborrow

Michael

Boult

Nicholas

Clausen

David

Willaume

1719

Latest
Mention.

17371731 17251724

1729

1720

1733 1768

1722

1723

Name of Gol

Earliest
Mention.

ThomasRichardWilliam
Josiah PereGabrielRichard David Matthew BenjaminHughEdwardBowlesEdwardJohnJohn Paul AnthonyGundryJohnJohn Mary Hugh
SamuelGeorge GeorgeAbraham ThomasRichardDavid
George HumphreyHumphreyEnick Augustus
Henry
James (ieorgeNathaniel Francis
Edward Meshach
JohnJamesJosephJohn Isaac
William Bernard Michael
SimonPhiUip Richard
JeremiahJohn GeorgeWilliam
James John William
James Philip
JohnJonathan George

Folkingham
Gines Scarlett CliftonPilleauBarber
WattsTanqueray Cooper
Watts Arnett & ^
Pocock j
Nash Feline
Lingard East Hanet
JoUand Roode Tuite
EmesRoode Spring
GreenGillinghamWickesButeux Cooke &
Gurney
Willaume
Boothby Heyford Hetherington
Romer LesageDellWilksYoung GulliverNelme Wood
GodwinGould Gould
Adams Clarke
Cornasseau
Soane Fletcher
NichoUJouett Robinson
Scarlett
King Edwards & \
Pitches j
OwenHallett RichardsonBellasyse
Fraillon Goddard Gibbons
Robinson Jones

1722

Latest
Mention.

1720

1721

1724

17441723

1740

173I

17

23

d 1723

1724

230

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

John Samuel
James David
EdwardWescomb
Thomas
JohnJoseph Edward
William Louis
Peter
Joshua.'\brahamWilliamWilliam
Thomas
John Matthew
Thomas Peter
John
John Harvey
GeorgePeter Le
Robert
John Robert
John GawanIsaac
David
Jacob George Christian
CharlesCharles
James EdwardRichard
WUliam Charles
EdmundHester'
.^belMaryRichard
BlancheDikeCharles
Pierre
Thomas
SamuelWiUiam
George
John
James WilUam
John
J. Samuel
George
James

Owing Hutton
Burne Fleurant
Peacock
Drake
Rush Edwards
Bird Conen
Toone
Laroche
Tabart Healy
de Oliveyra Lukin
Atkinson
EnglandEckfourd, Cooper
ClarkSimon
Gorsuch
Newton Price
Brome Chouabe
Lucas Pla vill
WilliamsGamon
Nash Callard
WiUiams
Foster
Weir Claris
Perier
Kandler &
Murray
BennettHutchinsonShaw
Hatfield Bodington Fawdery
BrokesbyJohnsonGurney
Fraillon
ImpeyKandler
Bouteiller Cooke
Laundry
Shaw
BraithwaiteBlandSavageMatthews
Taylor Millington
BatesHodges
Maitland

Earliest
Mention.

Entered.

1724

Latest
Mention,

jun

17251726

1726

1727

1728

Name of Goldsmith.

JohnRalph
Joseph Thomas
Deptford
DavidEdward
John
James Caleb
Edward
Benjamin Eraye
John ThomasDennis
StarlingDaniel
John EdithElizabethFrancisCharles
SamuelRichardFrancis
John PhillipCharles
Joseph Aug.
Richard
AaronBenjamin
Joseph Edward
John
John
Jeffrey Robert
WiUiamEtienneWilliam
WilliamWilliam
James Thomas
WiUiam
GeorgeRobert
Simon Charles
RalphRichard
PeterThomasMary
Samuel
Jeffrey Charles
William
GeorgeBenjaminEdward

Swift Frith
Smith
Potts
Wichehaller
WillaumeCornac
GorhamWilkesHiU
Pocock
BentleyBerthet
Ciorham Glagg
Wilks Wilted
Chapman Montgomery
Fletcher Goodwin
SpilsburyMartin
Welder Mills
Pages Fawdery
Roker Alchorne
Allen & Co.
Courtauld
PargeterBatesGodwin
SandersYorke ChapmanLiger
Griffith Abercromby
Jus tis
liongent Woodward
Reeve
Darkeratt
Jenkins MerryDarker
HindmarshAbercrombyPantin, jr.
Perier MaidmanBealeBennett Causton
Lofthouse
Laundry & 1
Griffith j
Gibbons Gould
Smith
Godwin Dymond

Earliest
Mention.

Entered.

1728

Latest
Mention.

1729

1729

1732
1730
1753

I73I

730

731

1773

1734

Names of London Goldsmiths.

231

Name of Goldsmith. Mon't'ion Entered.

Latest
Mention.

Name or

Goldsmith. Earii^t

Entered.

Latest
ilention.

Paul Lamerie

1732

William

W^estbrook

1738

James Slater

1 11

Thomas

Pye

1738
William Soame
George
Baskerville
1745
Benjamin Godfrey
WiUiam
West
,,
Griffith Edwards
"
Robert
Perth
,,
James Gould
Benjamin
Blakeley
„
John Pero
Phillip
Brugier
,,
John Fossy
1733
David
Mowden
„
Lewis Pantin
Thomas
Townsend
,,
Mary Pantin
JJ
James
Jenkins
„
Samuel Wood
J,
1773
Henry
Bates
,,
Roger Lee
1734
Ebenezer
Coker
„
Samuel Hutton
1734
James
Langlois
,,
Hugh Arnell
John
Robinson
,,
Richard Gurney & )
Thomas Cook }
WiUiam
Soame
,j
"
John
Pero
J,
John Quantock
Gabriel
Barber
1739
WiUiam Kidney
i J,
William
Garrod
John Harwod
,,
William
Brown
II
Anne Hill
,,
Thomas
Turle
I,
John Tayler
,,
James
Gould
1739
James Manners
1 JJ
David
Willaume
„
John Gahegan
] J,
Thomas
Mason
,,
Charles Sprage
1
Edward
Aldridge
,1
1753
James Brooker
1
John
Robinson
„
Richard Gurney & Co.
1 "
Edward
Bennett
,,
Henry Herbert
,1
John
Pollock
,,
Alexander Coates & )
Richard
Bayley
„
E. French i ,
"
George
Boothby
,,
John Jacob
Griffith
Edwards
„
John Pollock
". 1749
Jonathan
Fossy
,,
John Bryan j
1735
Phillip
Roker
JJ
George Weekes
William
Hopkins
.. i
Bowyer Walker j
II
John
HoUand
" 1
John Barbe
II
John
Eckfourd
,,
William Garrard
II
George
Wickes
J,
Gabriel Sleath
II
John
Barrett
„ 1
Richard Zouch
II
Thomas
Mann
;
Henry Herbert
1 ,1
William
Hunter
Edward Wood
1,
1740
Jessie
McFarlane
„
William Young
1,
Marmadul
:e Daintry
,,
Frederick Kandler
II
Richard
Gurney & Co.
,,
Freame & Barclay
1736
Thomas
Gilpin
,1
Robert I.adbrook&Co.
1774
James
Paltro
„
Thomas Mann
1736
William
Justus
,,
Louis Dupont
Daniel
Hay ford
,,
David HenneU
1,
J.
Barbitt
„
Robert Brown
1,
Henry
Bates
,,
Dike Impey
II
Edward
Feline
,,
Thomas Jackson
II
1769
Thomas
Tearle
,,
Christian Hilland
II
Joseph
Sanders
,,
Jeremiah King
Richard
Gosling
„
Benjamin Sanders
1737
Jessie
Macfarlen
,,
Dennis Wilks
1739
Henr)'
Morris
.,
John Barrett
,,
Paul
Cr&spin
„
Samuel Wood
John
Pont
J,
Phillip Platel
1,
Francis
Spilsbury
JJ
Thomas Whipham
1,
1772
Ayme
Videau
,,
Benjamin West
II
John
Berthelot
,,
Thomas Gladwin
William
Kidney
„
Bennett Bradshaw & )
James
West
JJ
R. TyriU J
"
Roger
Tasker
„
James Shruder
i H
1753
Robert
Brown 1
)>
I3enjamin Sanders
i "
1
Thomas
Rush
1
Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

Charles
Lewis
Augustus
John Thomas
JohnJames FrederickHumphrey
JohnRichard PerePeter
James Richard
WiUiam
Benjamin Benjamin
Richard William

ClarkHamon
CourtauldTuite
PyeGray
MannersKandler Payne
Bryan
Pargeter Pilleau
Werritzer
ShruderZouch Gould
Godfrey CartwrightBayler
Soame

Earliest
Mention,

1739

Latest
Mention.

Bennett Bradshaw & Co.

Lewis
John
John Isaac
JohnJeremiah
Joseph Benjamin
John
John PaulDaniel
ThomasFrancis
Thomas
Phillips
DavidThomas
Robert
JohnJohnRichard
Thomas
John Thomas
John J-
JamesJohn Thomas Louis
ThomasGriffithHenry
WilliamRobert
Peter
GawanWilliamCharles

Pantii
Jacobs Eckmonds Callerd
Weatherell King Steward
Sanders
BarbeWhite
LamerieHayford
Farrar Pages
Bamford Garden
Williams
Jackson Lucas
LuffLe Sage
Beale
England Edwards Farren
Gamon Verlander
WilksSwiftEdmonds Dupont
Parr Edmonds
MorrisYoung
Abercromby
BennettNashShaw
Jackson

1750

1748

Abraham de Oliveyra
George Wickes
Peter Archambo
John Newton

1748
1769

Name of Goldsmith.

RobertFrancis
Simon
George
Joseph Mordecai
EbenezerEbenezer
Jeremy Louis
Benjn.
J- Charles
Dinah
ThomasT.W.
Samuel
JohnJohn WilliamCharles
SamuelBenjamin
Samuel
James LewisWilliam
John SussanahHenry
PeterDaniel
S.
John Anne
PhiUipAbrahamHome L*t
Edward
John Sarah

Pilkington
NelmeJouet
Jones Allen &
Fox
Cocker
CokerLeeLaroche
WestBarkerBellassyse
GamonMercer Whipham &
WiUiamsRobyRoker
Gimblett &
Vale, of
Birmingham
Martin HuttonGurdon
WellsMorrison
Ouvry GwillimCam
Hatfield Miller
Taylor Chartier
Wood
Neville &
Craig
Robinson
Le Francis
TempleLambe Cafe
Hutton

jerem V
¦'econ )
Edward
John I'rancis
JohnJames ElizabethCharles
CharlesIsabelCharles
James Charles
ElizabethRobert
John Robert Benjamin
Nicholas Henry
William

Earliest
Mention.

Entered.

1737

Latest
Mention.

1746

1740

iah Ashley
Wood
Spackman Crump
HyattWillmottTuite
Chesterman
Woodward Pero
HiUan
GouldLaughton
Godfrey Tyrril
Barbe Innes Griffin
SprimontBrind Alexander

1740

1773

1742

1740

1742

1741

1742

Names of London Goldsmiths.

23;

Name of Goldsmith,

Jeremiah Richard
George EliasWilliam
Thomas Charles
GeorgeGeorge
Robert Edward
John
John EdwardWilliam
JosephJamesWilliamIsaac
WiUiam
John AnnGeorge
Thomas
SamuelBenjamin Fuller
John Samuel
James WilliamWilliam
Peter
Jacob Richard
John Sir H.
John William
JohnThomas
James George
John Hugh
JamesRobertSamuel
George
SamuelErnest
JamesRichard
Thomas
Samuel
JosephDaniel
William
Mordecai
AbrahamW.
EdwardSamuel
AlexanderSimon

King Mills
Smith CachartWiUiams
Lawrence
Johnson RidoutMethuenSwanson
AldridgeStamper
KineardMalluson Grundy
Timberlake
Betham Woodward
Duke Cripps
WethereUFarrenRidout
CarltonTaylorGignac
WhiteFrayBatesSmith
BagnallGwillin & )
Castle j
Marsh Kersill
Wirgman
MarshallHarveyPeaston
Neville Hemming
MorrisonBaskerville Higginbottam
Mills
Manners, jun.
AndrewsKeyYoungCourtauld
SieberSmith Gurney & 1
Cook j
Merriton
Barker
PiersPeaston Fox
Le Francis
Benn
Wakelin Herbert
Johnston Jouet

Earliest
Mention.

Entered

1742

1743

Latest
Mention.

17511745

1744

1745

1745

1763
1773
17501749
1780

1746

1747

1747

1748

Name of Goldsmith.

Anne Henry
.MarmadulWilliamEdward
PilizabethLouis
GeorgeElizabeth
John
John William
JohnBenjamin
John William
Edmund
Daniel
Elizabeth
Jabez Peter
P. Henry
GeorgeGeorge
John WaUer
AndrewWilliamWilliamWilliam
WUliamAbraham
WalterWilliam
John
J. Sam^ielWilliam
John Samuel
John Charles
Fuller
JohnGeorgeThomas
George
Thomas
James Thomas
Joseph
John Peter
WilliamMichael
Henry
John G.
JohnPhUlipsPaul WiUiam
Matthew
John Thomas

Kersill Hebert
Daintry
Solomon
Dowdall Hartley
Guichard
Hunter
OldfieldPriest Fray
Cirundy
Lamfert CooperCarman
Mackenzie
.Medlycott
ShawJackson
DanieU
Archambo &
Meure Haynes
Campar
Bindon
Rowe Brind
IvilUckKersill Shaw
Shaw & j
Priest j
Portal
Brind
Garrard LavisBlackford
WeUsWooler
Montgomery
Herbert & Co
Hyatt & I
Semore (
White & 1
Fray j
Morris
MooreBaker
SmithTookey
Jeannes Heriot
Berthelot
WerritzerHomer
Ward Bayley
Alderhead Bayley
Gardener Callard
Paradise
Brodier Payne
Beere

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

1747

1748

1749

1753

1750

1758
1760

1750

1751

234

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

Entered

Latest
Mention.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

Entered

Latest
Mention.

Paul

Pinard

1751

John Steward

1755

Lawrence
Johnson
William Garrard ;
))
Edward
Doweal
1 Edward Dobson | j
G. & S.
Smith
II
John Delmester 1 , ,,
Nicholas
Winkins
II
Thomas Beezley „
Thomas
Watson
1752
William Plummer !
R.
.A-lsop
Matthew Roker \ \
William
Brown
II
George Baskerville (
& T. Morley i
1
John
Richardson
1752
Dorothy
MiUs
Robert Cox
Robert
Cox
1756
Samuel Siervent |
John
Carman
Richard Thomas I
Charles
Chesterman
Benjamin Brewood
JJ 1
Frederick
Vonham
Constantine Teulings
Frederick
Knopfell
George Baskerville )
Phillip
Bruguier
& William Sampel )
William
Bond
1753
James Williams
Thomas
Towman
II
Richard Mills
'
William
Robertson
John Townsend
Gabriel
Sleath & )
James Jones
1 ¦•
Francis
Crump j
1 "
George Hunter
Thomas
Rowe
Thomas Powell
175^
Dennis
Wilks & »
Fray )
John Fray
John
Benj'm. Cartwright
,,
George
Ibbott
Francis Crump
John
Munns
j ,,
David BeU
WiUiam
Gould
WUliam Shaw & )
D. C.
Fueter
i )'
WiUiam Priest i
"
William
Gould
>i
Thomas Doxsey
Turner &
WiUiams
1,
Thomas Congreve
John
Schuppe
II
William Watkins
Edmond
John
II
Albert Schurman
Magdalen
Feline
II
William Moody
Richard
Goldwire
II
Samuel Wheat
Dorothy
Sarbit
II
Stephen Ardesoif
Edward
.\ldridge & \
W. & R. Peaston
1763
John
Stamper j
"
1757
WiUiam Caldecott
Thomas
Collier
1754
Thomas Powell
William
Bond & I
Phipps i
Joseph Bell
John
"
Edward Bennett
Samuel
Smith
II
WiUiam Tuite
Benjamin
Cartwright
II
William Watkins & )
T. Devonshire j"
Peter
Gillois
1,
»
Richard
Rugg
1,
Francis (Sir) Gosling
1756
di768
Thomas
Wright
,,
-Alexander Saunders -
/ ->
1757
Job
Trip
II
John Kentenber & )
Thomas Groves J
Henry
Dutton
II
1773
)>
John
Quantock
J,
John Frost
Itobert
Rew
J)
William Reynoldson
William
Turner
John Perry
"
Henry
Corry
1,
John Gorham
Simon
Le Sage
,1
Phillip Vincent '
Thomas
Wynne
1,
Paul Crespin j
William Cafe
"
Sarah
Buttall
„'
"
J.
Collins
II
Thompson Davis
"
Edmund
Ironside
cl 1754
Edward Darvill
"
Campbell & Coults
1755
Lewis Heme & i
Francois Buttv 1
"
William
Sanden
1755
„
John
Laithwait
John Hyatt & \
William
Sheene
Dobson ¦)
Prior & \
Charles Semore '
"
Francis Waysmith
J)
1773
,,
Edward Jay
1784
Williams J
Philip Vincent
"
William
Butcher
J,
James Baker
1758
"
WiUiam
Sampel
Robert Burton
1758
Names of London Goldsmiths.

^35

Name of Goldsmith.

My.
John Thomas
Theophilus Fuller
Thomas Charles
Edward
John Arthur
John Parker &
John John Orlando.'\lexanderAyme
Wm. MatthewWilliam
Samuel Francis
NicholasStephenWiUiam
John Stephen
JamesWUliamSamuel
John LoLiis
WilliamW. &J.
John Samuel W.
John George
William &
James Septimus
& James
DanielRobert Thomas
J.
J. A.
A.
George Thomas
WilliamJohn Thomas
John
Jackson Orlando
James WiUiam
Thomas George
Augustus WilliamMark

Piers
Moore
Wallis DavisWhite
Whipham & )
Wright ]¦
Bennett, jr.
Barry Annesley
Hague
Wakelyn Langford & I
Sebille j
Jackson Barnet
VideauxDay Ferris Bell
Eaton
Butty & I
Dumee ]
Abdy & )
Eaton
.4dams
Hunt Howard
Howland Allen
Black
King DeaneFountain
Dellamy Dorrell
Aspinshaw
Andrews Priest

1 i Crespell
Smith & )
Sharp j
Freeman & |
Marshall J'
Calame
Calame
Hunter
Dealtry Abdy
Phipps Hannam & i
Crouch I
Bumfries & )
Jackson J
Allen Abdy ^
Hemming Fayle
Lesage Cripps
Cripps

Earliest
-Mention

1759

1764

1765
1766

Entered.

1758

1759

17601761
17621763

178017641765

1766
17671767

Latest
Mention

1793
1800

176017631773

1766

1773

17S2

1799

Name

OF Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Entered

Latest
Mention.

John

Carter

1768

1776

John

HaUfax ; ¦„

D'd.& Robt. HenneU

1768

John
Darwall
Fuller
White
Thomas
HaUitax 1
Joseph
Heriot
1769
Thomas
Foster
Jeremiah
King
Thomas
Jackson
W.
Hancock
1770
John
Baxter
II
Tindall
Rushworth
William
Bayley
1770
John
Buckett
II
William
Bromage
1770
Thomas
Arnold
J.
Bassingwhite
II
John
Baker
II
l?ichard
Mav & )
Jane
Dorrell /
I771
Charles
Chesterman
))
Phillip
Norman
1771
WiUiam
Norman
John
Nodes
JJ
1773
Peter
IToyer
1772
John
Wickenden
Thomas
Wright
II
Jos.
Adams
II
Henry
Hoare
1,
Jonathan
AUeine
Thomas & ) t.^
Jabez
t uamei
"
Samuel
Smith
II
Luke
Kendal
1772
J.
Fayle
Richard
Meade
1773
William,
Meadhurst
Thomas
Webbe
II
Edmond
Vincent
II
Thomas
York
II
William
Keays
II
Thomas
Parr
II
Jonas
Osborne
1,
Lawret
Mertz
II
Charles
Miegg
Anne
MiUer
Richard
Pargetier
II
Matthew
Perchard
II
.My.
Makemeid
1773
Thomas
Whipham
James
Young
William
Weston
Thomas
Chawner
1783
Louis de
Lisle
Thomas
Tookey
PhiUip
Freeman
Herman
Wallis
Phillip
Goddard
Arthur
W^orboys
1773
Robert
Hennell
Samuel
Wheat
John
Bennett
Thomas
Wallis
236

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Entered

Latest
Mention.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention 1773

Entered

Latest
Mention.

John Weldring

1773

Louis Benoimont

James Young
,,
1790
Christopher Binger
1
Samuel Whitford
Christopher Biron
II
!
James Wiburd
J,
James Birkenhead
II
John Kidd
James Birt
William Summer & ]
1783
Mark Bock
Richard Crossley j
"
John Bourne
George Natter
Albrecht Borchers
Thomas Augier
Samuel Bradley
Ralph .A.yscough
Aaron Bourne
William BeU
John Brockus
William Holmes & )
Edward Capper
Nich. Dumee J
"
John Chaldecott
John Burrow
George Chalmers
Orlando Jackson
B. A. Chambrier
WiUiam Aldridge
Edward Cooke
John Arnell
James Cox
Pointer Baker
William Cox
William Le Bas
George Coyte
Richard Andrews
Septimus Crespell & )
James Crespell J
James Barber
John Baxter
Josh. Creswell
John Beadle
"
Jasper Cunst
Thomas Chawner
John Dare
James Beaty
''^
John Deacon
David White
1773
John De Gruchy
William Winter
Peter Desergnes
John Watkins
Fredk. Deveer
Richard L. Wotton
Thomas Devonshire
Samuel White
Israel Devonshire
John Wright
Peter Devese
Moses Willots
Richard Dovey
John Winter
Dru. Drury
John Drysdale
Lewis Dumont
Paul Wright
Samuel Withers
Thomas Wilkinson
Stephen Eastrom
Sacheverel Wright
James Evans
James Wight
Thomas Fair
Thomas Woodhouse
John Farran
James Wright
Will Fisher
Thomas Wigan
William Flints
James Waters
John French
John Winsmore
John Fry
Rob. Fryar
Richard Gardner
Henry Walpole
Richard L. Watton
Edmond Wells
William Whitford
Reynolds Grignion
Benj. Gurdon
John Williams
I
Thos. Hall
William Worthington
Thos. Hallows
Thomas Wynne
Herman J. Walther
Thos. Harding
Thos. Harrache
John W''esthay
Robert Wherrit
Henry Hallsworth
L. Hauchpr
Thomas Wilson
Gabriel Wirgman
Christ'er Fly Wood & )
Thomas Filkin J
William Meers
Robert Metham
Richard May
Francis Meynell
Charles Wright
William Vincent
James BeUis
Andrew Fogelberg
1773
I'I'
"55-go?8o 1
Benj. Hawkins
Maurice Heeser
John Hoist
Henry Hobdell
Andrew Hogg
Edward Holmes
John Horsley
Nat. Horwood
George Houston
William Howse
Jas. Hughes
John Huntley
Names of London Goldsmiths.

237

Name of Goldsmith.

Wm.
John Dennes
Samuel
Nathaniel
John
JohnJames Stephen
JohnJohnJames
James William Fras.
John Charles
Josh. Thos.
Samuel Lawrence
Jos.
Wm.
Lauret
James Richard
RichardBenjamin
Peter
John AlbertusJamesJohn
James WilliamRobertWilliamEdward
JohnJohn William
John WilliamWilliam
Robert
JohnPeterFras.
Elias
John
Richard Robert
JohnRobt.
John
JohnEdward
Samuel
RichardWilliam
JamesWilliamFras.
John

Hunter
Jackson Jacob Jarman
Jefferys Innocent
Johnson
Johnston JoyceIrvine
Kentish
King
Kingman Kinman Lawley
Lautier
Leadbetter LejeuneLiddiard Littlewood
McDuff
MalpasMears
MerzMorriset Morrison
Morson &
Stephenson Muire
Naylor Pars
Perry PhiUips
Phipps Pickett
Piercy Portal
PriceRaeburn
Randies Rawle
Reynoldsfieynolds
Robertson
RogersRomer Romilly
Ruffin
Russell
Russell
Rawlins Sallam
SafforySalmon
SarneyScuppe Scales
Shelley
Simkiss
Simons
SmithSmith Spilsbury
Sterling

Earliest
Mention

1773

Entered,

Latest
Mention.

Name op Goldsmith.

Charles
Josh.Thos.
Peter WilliamMarkFras.
MarmadukeEliz.
John Hy.
Wm.
John Thomas
William
James Samuel WiUiam
Paul
Evan
John T.
J-. Robert
Wm.
JamesJohn GeorgeWilliam
JamesOrlando Hester
William Louis
J^ichardWilliam
Benjamin
John RobertWalter
ThomasCharles
GeorgeT.
James Christopher
Henry
William
AbrahamW.L. Charles
Burrage William
Robt. & Jno.
Thomas
Robert
JohnPhillipWiUiam
Nicholas Robert
John Elizabeth
John William

Storey
SuttonSwiftTabois
TantThomegayThurkle
Tokitt
TookeyVere Vincent
Underwood
Webb
Weston Wiburd
WoodWorthington
Wright
Thomas
Robins Daniel
Denizilow
Ross Penstone
Stamp Brown Heming &
Chawner
Young &
JacksonBatemanFearn
Ducomieu RuggFennell
StephensonTayleur
PiercyTweedie
Wallis Aldridge
Baskerville & )
Morley ]
Young Woods GreenwaySheen
Barrier Foster
WrightDavenport Holmes
Schofield
Northcote
Jones &
Schofield
Roker Simmons
Dumee
Jones Deacon
RokerWakelin &
Taylor

Earliest
Mention

1773

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

1774

1775

1784
1779
1781
1789

1776

1776

i7Sg

1796

1792

238

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

Entered.

William

Potter

1777

John

Tweedie

1783
Edwd.
Lowe
William
Skeene
William
Grundy
j^
Thonias
Chawner
,j
Joseph
Preedy
,,
1783
Samuel
Wintle
,,
Thos.&Rd
. Payne
,j
John
Townsend
,j
Louisa
Courtauld & )
CornhiU /
John
Lamb
J.
Samuel
)J
Abraham
Peterson &
1
John
Wren
Peter
Podie
J
M
Robert
iSIakepiece & )
John
Beldon
1784
Richard
Carter J '
"
Samuel
Godbehere
William
How & 1
William
Basnet
William
Clark /I ! "
William
Sutton
,,
John
Temple & V
j John
Hutson
John
Searle /
'//7
William
Abdy
II
Bernard
Turner & |
i Charles
Hougham
' 1785
Samuel
Tookie J
"
John
King
.Abraham
Barrier & \
William
Sanden
"
Louis
Duommon /' '¦Ti°
;' John
Thompson
1
Richard
Carter
1778
1 Thomas
Shepherd
\
Edward
Dobson
George
Smith
John
Moore
John
Harris
1786
Thomas
Wallis
Henry
Greene
j
G.
Rodenbostel 1
Daniel
Denney
! ''
William
Eley & 1 1
William
Pitts
George
l-'ierpoint j
Godbehere &.}
Jt)hn
Schofield
1796
Edward
Wigan
J
"
Charles
I-Candler ¦
William
Stephenson
I^obert
Jones 1
II
Charles
Aldridge
Richard
Carter, ]
Smith & [
Sharp >
Samuel
Davenport
j ' ' 1
Daniel
George
Smith &
)
Robert
William
Fearn
J
>>
J.
Broughton
1779
Henry
Chawner
William
Grundy & ]
George
Wintle
1787
Edward
Fernell J
John
Edwards
1788
Andrew
Fogelberg & )
1780
Cornelius
Bland
/ ^
Stephen
Gilbert /,
1791
Thomas
Olivant
1789
T. P.
Boulton & 1
Robert
Sharp
Arthur
Humphre}-s J
William
Plummer
1
J'rancis
Stamp \
1
Peter & )
John
I'Cidder i
Jonathan /
Bateman
1790'
James
Sutton
Thomas
Willmore
Thomas
EUis
Abraham
Peterson
JJ
James
Mince & )
William
Abdy
"
William
Hodgkins J
William
Pitts &
/ 1790
"
Edward
Fennell
1791
Joseph
Preedy
1791
T. B.
Pratt & \
Thomas
Howell
Arthur
Humphreys /
Jas. & Eliz.
Bland
"
Benjamin
Lance
1781
17S4 I Thomas
Streetin
1
"
Walter
Brind
' Wm.
Fountain &
"
Thomas
Daniel & ]
|! Danl.
Pontifex
JJ
John
Wall /!
|! Michael
Plummer
William
Pitts i
1799
Peter & Anne Bateman
"
Benjamin
Laver
1789
Duncan
Urquhart &
"
WiUiam
Sumner
1782
1810
Naphtali
Hart
\ 1791
,,
Thomas
Evans
Thomas
Howell
George
Smith
Thomas
Wallis
JJ
1792
Henry
Cowper
George
Smith &
)
Peter
Gillois
Thomas
HayterWakelin &
1
JJ
Richard
Crossley
John
William
Playfair & )
Robert
Garrard
1
JJ
WiUiam
Wilson j
Thomas
Graham
, ames
Sutton & 1
1784
Thomas
Renou
"
. oseph
Bult J
William
Frisbee &
}
))
John
Lee
Paul
Storr
"
Latest
Mention.
1791
1796
1791
i8co
i8o^
1815
1802
Names of London Goldsmiths.

239

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
\Iention.

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

Name

of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

William Frisbee

1792

John

Farmer

1801

1830

Paul Storr

1792

1793

1834

Page

& Gordon

,j

1804
Wra. & John Fisher
,,
John
Shackleton
J,
John Fountain & 1
John Beadnall J
Phineas
Barratt
j>
1803
"
Parker
& Birkett
1804
Saml. Godbehere &)
Nathaniel Jeffreys
J)
II
Edward Wigan - /
"
John
Parker
JJ
II
John Mewburn
1793
liichard
Cooke
1803
William Fountain
1794
Smith
& Sharp
JJ
1802
Daniel Ptmtifex
Stephen
Adams
J,
1824
Jas. & Eliz. Bland
Thomas
Wiltshire
JJ
1817
Chorals'' 1 ^.I^l-P--
Burrows & Son
1819
"
WilUam
Cordy
JJ
1840
1 horaas Northcote & 1
George Bourne J
W.
Clarke
JJ
1807
"
Thomas
& Evans
J,
II
Robert Gaze
1795
W,
Hunter
,j
180 :j
Robert Makepiece
William
Purse
,j
1806
Jonathan Perkins
II
William
Squire
,j
1813
senr. & junr.
Horn
& Ash
JJ
1814
gobert&l HenneU
Edward
Francis
,,
"
W.
Wattson
,,
1809
WilUam Hall
Bates
& Doggett
J,
1808
WiUiam Pitts & )
William
Stevenson
JJ
1826
Joseph Preedy /
"
William
Holmes
,,
1807
Henry Chawner & |
John Fames /
1796
1796
1798
WilliamWilliam
Harris
Boustred
"
i8og
John Emes
JJ
1808
Thomas
Hoby
JJ
1813
Joseph B. Orme
„
II
T.
Dennett
,,
1806
William Bennett
II
J. T.
Bartram
,j
1837
Henry Nutting
n
1804
Robert
Chandler
JJ
1833
William Eley & 1
William Fearn J
Thomas
Hamlet
JJ
1840
1797
R.
Needhara
))
1816
George Cowles
JJ
James
Tedbury
1817
William Eley
JJ
Joseph
Savory
,,
1818
liobert Williams
1797
John
Salkeld
,,
1810
Jos. Hardy & 1
Thos. Lowndes /
1798
Joseph
Brasbridge
,,
1822
N.
Carter
J,
1824
Hannah Northcote
Thomas
Dean
,,
Thomas Holland
M.
Spink & Son
JJ
1850
Richard Cooke
1799
Charles
Chesterman
1S02
1814
Jos. Hardy
Robert
Garrard
JJ
ir8o3
1822
WiUiam Pitts
,,
John
Coles
J,
1808
George Smith
JJ
1815
W.
Cording
JJ
1823
Thomas Streetin
1799
1843
John
Steward
JJ
1804
John Lias
JJ
II
1840
George
Purse
,,
1832
Richard Coote
II
WUliam
Burwash
JJ
,j
1823
Samuel Godbehere )
R.
Urquhart
JJ
1832
Edward Wigan & >
1800
EUis &
Collins
1803
James Bult j
T.
Carr
J,
^j
1812
Peter, Anne t, .
0 -iir-ii- f3ateman
& William
Robt. &Sml. Hennell
^^
"
John
Martin
,^
1804
Joseph Preedy
II
1808
Perry
,,
1836
John James Hill
1800
1803
"W.
Bradford
JJ
i8og
Timothy Renou
JJ
1804
John
Hawkins
))
)»
1830
Edward Fernall
I8OI
1807
John
Denziloe
1808
Smith & Son
JJ
Peter
Patmore& Co.
1821
Benjamin Cole
Henry Lee
)J
1810
Alice &
George
Burrows
,>
«
D. Pontifex
,j
)1
Dyer
1803
1811
Edward Beauchamp
,,
Rogers
II
1804
David Windsor
JJ
1813
James
Godwin
II
JJ
G. Grainger
,,
1815
Thomas
Cording
1804
1806
Tobias & Co.
,,
,1
Thomas
Pitts
))
1804
George Dobree
JJ
1819
Thomas
Dobson
1 1807
Joseph Dodds
"
1811
George
Wintle
)j
1
240

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

RichardBenjamin MosesMills &
John J.
John E. and J.
Edward Crespin
T. \N.
William

Clark & Son
Gurdon
LevyWhalley Austin
Blake Clark Edlin
Fuller Matthews
Plumley

Thos. l^aine Dexter
William Burwash &
Richard Sibley
Peter &Wm. Bateman
Thos. & Jos. Guest &

Joseph

Cradock

Thos.

Guest

Josh.

Guest &

Josh.

Craddock

Nicholas

Edwards

Urquhart & Whalley

George

Like

James

Harris

J. L.

Simmonds

Joseph

Martin

Josiah

Parker

William

Stephens

Burwash &

Sibley

William

Davis

Watson &

McDowell

Absalom

Marsh

John

Simpson

Peter

Purchard

Richard

Cooke

Charles

Cording

Samuel

Solomon

T.

Guest & Son

J. B.

Cole

Thomas

Layton

Thomas

Pace

WiUiam

Bennet

E.

Morley

T.

Gosler

Edward

Fleming

Thomas

Jenkinson

John

Coles

John

Clarke

Thomas

Page

John

Barber

T.

Robins

Edward

Fleming

William

Bannister

J.

Ashman

William

Fountain

Thomas

Halford

Grayhurst & Harvey

William

Gordon

John

Ashley

Will. & Jas

Birkett

H.

Effex

William

Parr

William

Wakefield

John

Butt

Samuel

Whitford

Earliest
Mention.

1805

1806

Entered.

1805

1806

1807

Latest
Mention,

1823

I8141813
1823 1827
18281S24

1807
18141807 1839
1814 181618141824

18231815
18271813l8og1817

182318181822
1819

laii181518171820 180918111819 )j
18161810

1823181318281829

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

Entered.

Barber & Lancaster

1807

Richard Crossley & )

1807

George Smith /

"

John Smith

,,

John Dobree

JJ

George Morris
,,
B. Massey
,,
Albra & Co.
1808
Joseph Cording
>)
WiUiara Eley )
William Fern & \
1,
WiUiam Chawner )
William Parker
II
Charles HoUingshead
1,
William Allen
II
Rebecca Emes & )
1808
William Barnard /
"
John Crouch
II
JJ
George Hall
n
Henrv Nutting & 1
Robert Hennell /
)i
JJ
Marv & c.
Eliza S"'""^^
„
JJ
John Sanders
II
John Wort
II
. oseph Taylor
II
J. Crosswell
II
James Bruce
II
G. & B. Blogg
II
Fames & Barnard
1,
Salkeld & Acklara
II
Guest & Cradock
i8og
W. Windsor
II
Joseph Bates
Samuel Durrant
C. W. Auber
James Turner
"
Henry Dobson
Robert Metham
Joseph Folkard
Robert Gaze
II
S. W. Story & 1
W. EUiott /
)>
i8og
Robert Hennell
John Cotton & )
Thos. Head /
»
"
Joseph Brookes
John Beauchamp
Henry Fleming
Edw-ard Lees
Francis Sims
Read & Son
1810
Thomas Payne
Ede & Hewatt
Thomas Dockwray
.oseph Lewis
"
.oseph Smith
Thomas WaUis & )
Jonathan Hayne J
))
1810
Hugh Brodie
Nathaniel Pryor
W. H. Fleming
H. Nutting
Thomas Roberts
Joseph Browning
"
Latest
Mention.
1832
183418181840
i8ig
18141810
18281813
18141813
182418371839
182818151812
181018171811
18131816
1820 i8ig
1810 1817181118111840
181418131816
183318301815
18131817
Names of London Goldsmiths.

241

Name of Goldsmith. ^

Earliest lention.

Entered.

Latest
viention.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

Mary Willis

1810

1835

D. Sutton

1814

1818

William Elliott

1,

1844

John Tatura

JJ

1823
Storr & Co.
1824
Ash & Sons
JJ
II
Watson & Chaffers
II
A. Lee & Co.
JJ
Wheatlev& Evans
181 1
Daniel Hockle
JJ
Whitford & Pizey
,1
Percy & Son
1,
David Lamb
II
1815
Joseph Wilson
1815
James Fontaine
,,
JJ
Edward Frears
JJ
H. Wright
i8ig
S. M. Charouneau
JJ
i8ig
Samuel Hennell
II
1811
1818
ThoraasW. Barker
JJ
II
H. W. Wilson
II
1822
William Chawner
)1
1815
1837
Thomas Vincent
Thomas Remett
Jeremiah Hodgkins
1814
William Bateman
JJ
JJ
1840
John Taylor
II
1828
Thomas Gardner
JJ
Elliott & Storey
II
1815
Joseph Daniel
JJ
1822
John Wakefield
1,
i8ig
T. Martin
1817
Moses Emanuel
1815
N. Hart
,j
JJ
R. H. Starcke
1,
J)
Obadiah Cooper
JJ
Samuel Davis
Richard Brook
JJ
1823
S. Phillips & Co.
ll
Ealey, Fearn & Ealey
JJ
JJ
Farmer & Son
„
John Houle
J,
1843
Gordon & Foster
II
1816
J. Fairbrother
JJ
1. Robinson
John Cowie
JJ
Thomas Holland
ll
1815
John AngeU
1837
Thomas Miller
,1
1819
G. & T. Farmer
JJ
William Frisbee
II
1815
E. Souttin
JJ
liobert Rutland
II
JJ
1828
Matthew Linwood
I816
1817
James Beebe
II
,,
1847
Thomas Fisher
JJ
1821
S. Salmon
1812
Alston & Lewis
)J
1827
T. Pierson
,1
1813
James Collins
1826
William I''lemming
1821
R. Booth
j^
George Smith
1812
James Cordy
JJ
181S
Robert Beauchamp
II
1831
Thomas Sowerby
1830
Margaret Gordon
,1
1814
Brent & Peppin
J,
1823
J. Prior
II
1817
Rowland Hastings
JJ
J. Read
II
Jane Cotton
1818
James Masters
II
J. Troup
JJ
Joseph Cradock & 1
W. Reid J
»
)J
1826
A. & G. Burrows
John Murray
"
1837
William Page
1813
1818
George Lane
,,
1821
George Wintle
II
George Jiichards
II
II
William Kingdon
II
1813
Samuel Nelme
II
Rachel Farmer
Frederick Seagood
Samuel Harding
II
1828
Thos. & Geo. Hayter
,,
1816
P. Linderaan
,1
Elizabeth Morritt
1819
James I^loyd
11
1817
Dockwray & Norman
II
1S21
J. Wassell
II
1841
Alexander Gordon
II
1818
John E. Wilson
1,
Lewis Solomon & Co
1824
WiUiam Bell
1814
1817
.A. Hewat & Co.
1829
Robert Needhara
1815
Nickolds & Roberts
1817
A. G. Priestman
,,
II
Henry Marshall
18*17
1818
^ OS. & John Wright
II
Edward Gibson
IJ
. ohn Reeve
II
II
Thomas Jaraes
Thomas Sherborn
n
ll
Page & Ramsey
'I
1821
Joseph Willmore
,,
,,
David Cameron
JJ
1838
Samuel Wheatley
J,
John Jones
JI
1840
John Paul
,i
William Foster
S. Whitaker
1838
Gresham & Barber
1820
John White
1815
Needhara & Dobson
1818
Richard Hoby
II
1822
William Pulleyn
i8i8
1819
Edward Clark
,1
1818
John Cowie
II
II
Richard Sibley
II
1839
J. Peppin
,1
Banks Farrand
II
1832
Pemberton, Son & Co.
II
1826
Charles Norton
II
J. E. Terry & Co
ll
1849
William Neate
"
))
Hart & Harvey
»>
1825
16
242

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Na.me of Golds.mith.

R. Hennell & Son
John Banfield
John Bannister
John Booth
John Brown
Joshua Bayles
John Douglas
J. C. Grey
John Cuff
John Harvey
J. Harris, junr.
Philip Rundell
George Farmer
Thomas Wheeler
Griffin & Co.
William Eaton
W. & M. FiUmer
Blake & Son
John & Hy. Lias
Brassbridge & Son
Green, Ward & Green
Banting & Muncaster
"  Hedges
NewbyLawton
Abdy Clark Cotterell
BallistonCarter Mitchell
Ring
MoonLatterI-'ryor
PurverDryliobertsSmellie
Sowerby
& J upp
MuUins Fox Sanford
& Marriott
Thomas Burwash
& WeatherleyBaker

R. W. & T.
WiUiara
P.WUliamThomas Thomas
ThomasThomas
WiUiam
Wm. Geo.
W.
S. & N.
Matthew
S.AbrahamSamuel
W. M.
William
Barber
W. &S.
Charles
WiUiamWassellThomasWilliam Cloak
WilliamMorrittWilliam
Watson
SimonT. A.
John Wise
William'Lhoraas
L.
J-J. William
JosephJohn
Jaraes

LeeEdwards
Co.
Emanuel
I-'arsonsThomas
PageHall
AustinJYanklin
Stroud Levy Gording
Marston
GuestGatley

Earliest
Mention.

1818i8ig

Entered

181C

Latest
Mention.

1835

1833
1828
18241823

1822

18371842
1826183218231822

18371830
1823

Naml of Goldsmith.

James
j-JohnJohn H. B.
Taylor HughH.
Ivawton H.
David
DanielDanielGeorgeHenry
George
John J.
Francis

Elley EUiott
J''oligno
Wells Wheatley
& SonBeavan Cowen
& iMotleyLazarusFarrowJ'"olkard
J'"oxTurner
Walker
Barker Kerabler
Steele

Tedbury & Son
Edward Marshall

Edward
Abel Edward
D.ThomasDavid
ThomasDavid
JohnA. & M.
William Charles
John Charles
William
George
John Joseph
James

EdwardsGarnham
Stammers Solome
Thomas
Jennings Cotterell
Jones
RoseStracyKnight Fox
CuffeTaylorIngram
Jump Pratt I'toberts
Ruel

Wm. Matthews & Smith
C. & J. Blake
Robert T'orrester
A. Tate
Ashman & Son
E. S. Sampson
Arrowsmith & Co.
George Burrows
James Wintle
J. & J. Aldous
John fiobinson
John liobinson & Son
Fleming & Hornblow

Earliest
Mention.

Ibig

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

RicharclT.
William
J. G. H.
J.
Jupp Lawrence
W. H.
Thomas
S.
AlexanderFrancis

&

Thomas & Son
Pilkington Dobree Ely
Cleeve
BuUardBarberNotley Sharpe
Richard & Son
Barrow Purse Cotton

1823

1S40
1837
18271837
183818351840
18491850
18221836

18351850
18421828

1833

1822
18371830182618491828
18371821

1830
18371838183918281827
1837

1830

Nam

es of

London Goldsmiths.

243

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Viention.

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

George Knight

1821

1837
W. King
1823
1838
Stonestreet & Poile
JJ
1824
Samuel Norman
1840
John Carter
1822
A. D. Fleming
1837
George Benson
,j
R obert Essex
1834
John Hayne
,,
Benjamin Smith
1850
George Fisher
)j
Hyam Hyams
JJ
A. H. Dry
,,
1823
Edwin Alderman
1839
Geo. Hennell
JJ
1833
R. Peppin
1832
A. T. Parsons
J,
E. Barton
1846
Charles Needham
1)
1823
T. B. Hopgood
1832
Benjn. Moses
)j
Storr & Mortimer
1840
Charles Garraway
II
Thos. Paine Dexter
1824
John Hobbs
JJ
1825
Edward Barton
1825
1846
Francis Higgins
,j
1850
Henry Bird
1844
Anderson & l^ost
JJ
1823
Thomas Burwash
1830
H. Lambert
JJ
II
John Lacy
1828
Aldred & Tooke
JJ
1833
John Law
1835
John Garnon
1823
Kensington Lewis
1839
Edward Jenkins
JJ
JJ
J. Walker
George Sellars
JJ
R. G. King
1826
Robert Barker
JJ
,j
Randall Chatterton
1825
Stephenson & Farrow
,j
1824
Samuel Cohen
Williara Mott
,j
1840
WiUiam J. Prior
1831
Wiltshire & Sons
JJ
William Schofield
J. P. Acklam
JJ
1823
W. & Thos. Tyas
Jaraes Robinson
JJ
II
Adey B. Savory
isk
1826
1838
R. Marchant
1840
C. Eley
1840
Greenwood & Co.
J,
1823
H. Lewis
II
1827
R. Westwood
JJ
JJ
Joseph Boyd
1834
Wra. Thos. Barker
JJ
Joseph Chapman
1828
WiUiara Fawdington
J)
J)
Jacob Wintle
II
William Trayes
1822
James Hobbs
1834
William Fleming
,j
,j
W. Eley
1830
Jones & Moxon
JJ
JJ
R. J. Baylis
1838
Patmore & Routledge
,j
John Smith
1840
W. Folkard
JJ
1828
Thos. Cox Savory
1827
1827
Kent, .A. very & Vincent
JJ
Dobson Glover & Co.
1829
.ohn Bridge
,j
1823
J. Cradock
1833
d. Mariott
1823
1829
T. Imneys
1832
Holdsworth & Boyce
JJ
Pemberton & Scott
1830
Chaffers & Mills
J)
WiUiara Chaulk
1828
acob Russell
1837
Hart & Co.
1834
John Henry & Chas. Lias
,,
,,
Robert Lewis
1840
¦'. R. Higham
JJ
Jaraes Peachey
Hopkinson & Brassbridge
JJ
George Pickett
1839
Susan Peppin
,j
1840
George Steel
Neate & Son
JJ
D. W. Stephenson
Thomas Ross
JJ
W. Mott
Hennell & Son
j|
1828
Elizabeth Ramsay
1835
Tobias & Levitt
J,
1824
E. Thomas & Co
T & J. Stevens
j^
1833
W. Bellchambers
C. & T. Gray
JJ
1825
W. G. Cockerell, jun
1832
G. E. Cooke & Co.
JJ
1826
Thomas Cording
I&3I
E. Thompson
JJ
1830
Jas. Chas. Edington
1828
John Westlake
1833
Thomas Goode
1839
Thos. & J. Stevens
JJ
Edward Farrell
1850-=
J. Rarasay
JJ
1828
C. Mosley
i82g
WiUiam Barrett
JJ
1830
Camper & Rutland
1836
J. Robins
,j
Henry Baron
1S29
1832
W. E. Weatherley
,j
1836
Furness & Moseley
Sophia Bull
••
1832
James Franklin
1837
*¦ Many of the names in this list, although appearing as " last mentioned" in 1850 are those of
goldsmiths who continued in business long after that date. Sorae, indeed, of the names which appear
here, have been continued in use as " firm-names " down to the present day : it has, however, been
deemed expedient to stop at 1850.
H4

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

E.
JohnJames Henry
W. Clement
William Charles
E., E., J.
& W.
E.
Jabez

BaylisBennettCollins & Son
Solomon
Esterbrook Cheese
Kirkliam Plumley
Barnard

Barnard & Sons
Woodhill
Thomas C. Savory
Pearce & Burrows
David Jones
Barnard & Sons
James Cockerell
Mann & Muddill
J. Murray & J. Hall
Kirkham & Harrison
Montague
Reilly & Storer
W. & J. Marriott
& PerryReid
Smithson Usherwood
YoungGramshaw Glover & Co.
IveForrestall & \

Earliest
Mention,

l82g

Taylor
Wm. K.
WallerWilliamW.
J. HenryH. G.
M.
J- B. T.
H. W.
JohnJ.&T.
J.
T. B.
N. W.
T.J.
Francis
W.J.
G. T.
John W.

Bird
WalterFleming
GrantPerry Hawkes
Sowerby Morrison
Bennett HarrisonBlake
Pinnell Pryor

1830

Entered.

1831

Reynolds & Field
T. Askey
T. & J. Bartram
T. Price Jones
W. T. Wilcox
Purse & Catchpole
Forrestall & Bird
T. Dexter
B. T. Hopgood & Son
James Robert
A. B., J. & A. Savory
John Sari
Francis Pearce
Joseph Willmore
Lowdell & Dempster
Yates

William
Charles W.
Rob.W.B.

Harson Makepeace & 1
Henry |
Tomlinson

1832

1833

1834

1833

Latest
Mention,

1838
183018351837
1833183I
1832

185018381850
18401837
18501831
18371832
18391850
1840
18381850183I
183318321831
183218391832
18381837
1834
18371834
183618401834
18401834

18351836
1835

1842
18501838
1835
18461837

Name of Goldsmith.

J. Edward
John
John Edw-ard
RobertSusannah
Judah WalterWilliam
MatthewM.
R.T. I.
ThomasW.
G. F.
James Edward
GriffinBernoni

Thompson
LambSimondsHargrave
PryorEngland
Jupp Hart & Co.
Morrisse Holden
Oliver Phillips
Perkins
Behrends
Stephens Hewitt
Pinnell Collins
Benton
& Hyams
Stephens

Glover, Shelley & Carter

C.Chas.
J. T.
Jaraes GassM.
JamesR.G.T.
George W. &. J.
Henry
WilliamThomas
W. C.J.
J. T.
MaryHayne i.
Thomas L
J. WilliamEdwardWilliam
HenryRichardW.SamuelSamuel S.
John T.
NewsonWilliam
Jos. & Jno.
William
MaryWilliamT. M.
R. G.
J. C.
JohnJohn

RandallShaw
NealeCatchpole
& Sons Hopgood
Bassett Hennell
Newson
Skrvmsher
Beck YatesDempster Thomas
Johnson Easterbrook WillisBennett
HardingCo.Vinton
RutlandButland
Dry ForrestHaU
Sibley
Hatton Cave
Edkins
JuppTateGarrett Bartram
AngeUBrownChawnerCrambrook
Skyrmsher
Hennell Edington
Gray Hatton

Earliest
Mention.

1834

Latest
Mention.

1835

1836

1837

1838

1837

'835
1838 1850
1840
18391840
185018361840
1837

1838
1847
1850
18411840
18431841
183018481839
1850
18391837
184018371838

1841
1837
18391838i8jo
18451840

18401850
184018411840

18391844
18391850
1840

Names of London Goldsmiths.

245

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Entered.

Latest
Mention

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

H. D. EUis

1838

1840

J. T. Grey

1840

..A. MuddeU

II
Thomas Perry
James Aldous & Son
JJ
J(5seph Wood
Joseph Ball
JJ
R. Brook & Co.
Henry Fuller
JJ
II
J. W. Figg
H. J. Niblett
JJ
S. Whitford
1848
Makepeace&Walford
J,
1849
Mahala Jago
1845
Henry Perrin
,,
1843
Mary Chawner 8i \
1840
George Mander
JJ
George Adams J
G. R. Chatterton
JJ
1847
M. Moses
1849
Charles May
,^
1846
Robert Downes
Robinson & Brown
^j
1839
Samuel I^oster
Watson & Cooper
,j
1848
Samuel Jones
Mark Davis
1839
1840
George Adams
,,
S. A. Roberts & Co.
1850
Thomas Davis
Francis Jones & Co.
1842
T.L.& J. W.Thomas
Leonard HiU & Son
JJ
1840
Thomas Potter
, ohn Edmonds
J,
)j
William Best
, oseph Taylor
JJ
1846
Thomas Streetin
1843
Francis D. Dexter
JJ
1839
T. & W. Vespers
John Nichols
,j
1848
Thomas Thresher
John Mortimer & 1
. ohn Saml. Hunt J
WUliam Bateman, jr.
"
"
William Bishop
i8jo
John Cuisset
JJ
1840
WiUiam Heath
WUliam Theobalds &)
R. Metcalf Atkinson ]
1840
W. H. Osborn
"
"
Emanuel Brothers
Samuel Clark
JJ
1842
Rawlins & Sumner
George Knapp
1844
Roberts & Co.
Herman Ball
JJ
1843
Robinson & Co.
Charles Bigge
JJ
Sharp & Son
George Reid
J,
1844
Theobalds& Co.
A. B. Savory & Sons
J,
1850
Barker & Co.
Widdowson & Veale
J,
II
James Overan
1845
A. L. Newton
J,
1840
Harvey Denton & Co.
A. M. Simons
JJ
1,
Joseph Jacobs
1850
Charles Vaughan
J,
1843
J. & C. Simonds
Atkins & Somersall
JJ
J. G. Clark
William Cochran
JJ
Benjamin Preston
JJ
Thomas Savage
,j
J. Galloway
Thomas Diller
J,
1850
Charles Boyton
JJ
Thomas Hunt
^
1840
John Cording
Samuel Skelton
J
II
Charles Gibson
Thomas Wiltshire & Sons
,j
II
John Burch
Robert Hufflin
J,
Charles Kelk
1848
William Bateman & )
1839
H. Holland
1850
Daniel Ball /
"
"
Charles Lias
W. & T. Rowlands
J,
II
Francis Douglass
,,
Stephen Noad
1849
Charles W. Shipway
1844
Wi liam Neal
J,
1850
G. Corrie & Co.
William Cooper
J,
II
David Ellis
William Fitchew
JJ
II
James Beeb
1847
Samuel Jackson
J,
1841
D. & L. PhiUips
1842
R. Marks
Gregory l-Cirby & Co.
Brown & Somersall
1840
1843
David Trail
Chawner & Co.
JJ
1850
George Drury
AngeU, Son & AngeU
David Calver
W. S. Haynes
JJ
George Marshall
William Skeggs
,j
Edward Dale
William Potter
,j
JJ
Godfrey Zimmerman
William Day
JJ
George Wheeler
William Else
JJ
H. Abrahams
William Chinnery
,,
1843
I. Foligno
1850
William Peirce
,j
Jaraes Andrews
JJ
J. Perry
JJ
Jaraes Bult, Son & Co.
John Pierson
"
Joseph Lomax
246

Names of London Goldsmiths.

Name of Goldsmith.

J. &N.
T. H.
AlfredWm. J.
AlexanderEdward
David
John Edward
Jos. &
AlbertAngelPearceRichardH. L.
JaraesJohn
Joseph
Jaraes Wra. &
JohnJohn W.
John M.
John
JohnRobert Thomas
T.
Thomas
WilliamWilliam

Johnson HeadlandBarton
Fryer
Smith Foligno
Gass & Sons
Lias & Son
Barnard
[ Savory
& Son
& Co.
SuUivan Cavalier
HuU
Angel & Son
Angel & Son
Edwards
j OliverFigg
Wintle
Sraee
TearceRoberts
Burlton Cook
Hastings
iMarriott
Mote

Earliest
Mention.

1840
184I

Latest
Mention

W. Theobalds & Co.
Wrangham & Moulson

J., C. & G.
John
John John W.
Matthew
RobertThomas

MuUins
Evans
Harris Denning
Weed Death
Freeman

W. Butland & Walker

Wm.
Wm.Henry
Samuel
Joshua C. & G.
John R.
George
J. SarahWilliamWilliam
W. H.
William Charles

Pincher
l^ickardsGlover Hawgood
Storrs
MuUinsHarris
Webb Tapley & Son
Clark FennerHunter
Jones RalfsWatson

J. &D.& C. Houle

18501844
1843
1850

1843-

184218501844
1842
1850

1862
18501848
1847
184218501846
1843
1846
18441845

1850
1843

,,

18501845

..

1843

"

1845

1843

1850
1848
1850
18441850
1844
18481845
Name of Goldsmith.
John & Jas. MacRae
John
John1-ewisPeter M.
William
William R.
George
John Saml.
PerkinsSari & Sons
Abrahams
Gottheimer AllenSmily
Bissmire Hunt
Wolstencroft & Leete
George
GeorgeGeorge J.
John JohnThomas B.
Thomas
Ivory
Unite
Richards Barber
Short Garason
Shepherd
W. & Henry Papprell
WUliam Williams
Wm. Young Fox
Frederick Dear
Robert Tallack
D. & C. Houle
G. & H. Watson
Henry Radclyfle
John Jas. I-Ceith
Michael Jones
Samuel Jacobs
William Edwards
Hunt & Roskell
Harris Brothers
Moulston & WiUiams
Andrew Beaton
ElizabethWilliam
-AndrewDavid
George
Henry
Joseph
JohnJohn J.
Jacob Clothier
Richard
Richard
W. WiUiam
WilliamWilliam
James
&
EatonGrissellBatchelorPhillips
BurrowsFreeth
Miller
TeaseWhiting Wintle
Tarrant
BrittonEwins
Cumming
Wheatcroft WrightPhUlips
Sayer
S. Whitford & Son
T. S.
William Charles
RobertS.
Earliest
Mention,
1845
Sea gers
Stevens
BishopWaUis Edkins & Son
1847
1S48
1850
Latest
Mention .
18501846
1850
1847
1850
1849
1850
1850
1851
1847
1847
1850
1848 1850
1848
1850
1849
1850
1850
1849
1850
1850
The English Provincial Goldsmiths. 247

CHAPTER X.
THE ENGLISH PROVINCIAL GOLDSMITHS.
The London Goldsmiths' Company were supposed to have had
jurisdiction over all workers of gold and silver within the Kingdom of
England, and under their Charters they no doubt had that right. They
appear however to have exercised their authority only at rare intervals
at a distance from the Metropolis, and it seems clear that the Guilds of
Goldsmiths at York, Chester, and other provincial towns carried on their
affairs independently of the London Company.
There is evidence that goldsmiths worked in the thirteenth century Goldsmiths
working in
at Chester and Norwich, in the fourteenth century at York and Exeter, Chester, Norwich,
' -' ' York, and Exeter,
and in the fifteenth century at these and other provincial towns. In '^°'°"* •'+°°-
Chester, one "Nicholas" was known as "the Great Goldsmith" in 1271.
In Norwich, in 1285, John Aurifaber and a dozen others carried on the
trade of goldsmiths. In Exeter, Johannes Wewlingworth was a gold
smith of note in 1327. A Bishop's crozier is mentioned in 1300, as
"Durham- Work,"* and by a will recorded in the York registry, spoons
"made in York" were bequeathed as early as I366.'j'
In the provincial towns goldsmiths were governed by Guilds
composed of the Master Craftsmen of the art or mystery who dwelt and
worked there, and by the 28 Ed. I. c. 20 (1300), J it was provided that ,8Ed. Lc.20
"in all the good towns of England where any goldsmiths be dwelling, one goldsmith to
they shall be ordered as they of London be, and that one shall come for'thrSdue?"
from every good town for all the residue that be dwelling in the same ot their- Touch. ¦•
unto London to be ascertained of their touch." The i Ed. III. (1327)
repeated the above provision as to one goldsmith coming from every
good town for all the residue, and required them " there to have a stamp
of a puncheon with a leopard's head marked upon their work." It is
probable, nevertheless, that the difficulty and danger attendant upon the
conveyance of gold and silver wares over considerable distances to the
"" De Opere Dunnlm." Wardrobe Accounts 28 Edw. I.
I " Coclearia facta in Ebor." Test. Ebor.
i See this Statute set out more fully in Chapter 11. (supra).

248 The English Provincial Goldsmiths.
Metropolis prevented the above provisions from being strictly followed,
and it seems clear that plate was made and sold in the English provin
cial towns without being sent to London to be assayed. That this was
2 Rieh. IL (1378). so is borne out by the preamble to the Statute 2 Rich. II. (1378-9),
The Assay of the
«°e"M''a'^oreami'" which Tuus : " Bccaiisc gold and silver which is wrought by goldsmiths
citlesTnd" " in England is oftentimes less fine than it ought to be because the goldsmiths
Horonghs. are their own judges, be it ordained that every goldsmith put his own mark
upon his work; and the assay of the Touch belongs to the Mayors and
Governors of the cities artd boroughs, with the aid of the Master of the
Mark ot the City Mint, if there be such, putting the mark of the city or borough where the assay
or Borough to be
ofprov'i'nci'Ir'"' ^^" Hcrc WC havc it clearly recognised that goldsmiths worked in gold
Mints. ^^j silver in the cities and boroughs, and were their own judges of the
quality or standard of the metal wrought, and in order to insure the gold
and silver so wrought being of the legal standard, the Mayors and
Governors of the cities and boroughs were charged with control of the
assay. Here too it is laid down that where there was a Mint, the Master
of the Mint was to put on the wrought silver and gold the mark of the
city or borough where the assay was. We are thus enabled, even in
the absence of other evidence, to distinguish plate stamped with the mark
of a particular city or borough as having been assayed and probably
made, in the city or borough whose mark it bears.
-Hen.vi. C.H In 1 42 3, thc Statute 2 Hen. VI. c. 14, appointed York, Newcastle-
uneoin''Norw'ich upou-Tlnc, Llncoln, Norwich, Bristow (Bristol), Salisbury, and
Tnd Coventry "to' Covcutry* to havc divers "touches," and enacted provisions for their
have " Touches." guidance " according to the ordinance of Mayors, Baihffs, or Governors
of the said towns." These provisions were in conformity with the
Statutes previously enacted relating to the London goldsmiths in
particular, and the goldsmiths throughout the realm in general. With
reference to the " touching " or selling of any provincial-made plate
in London, it was provided that " No goldsmith nor other workers
of silver nor keepers of the said touches within the said (provincial)
townes shall set to sell nor touch any silver in other manner than is
ordained before, within the City of London" under penalty of for
feiture, f
¦¦¦¦¦ Chester apparently had a " touch " of its own under the Earl of Chester, and not under the
Crown, which accounts for the omission of that city from the Act ot 142^, as is more fuUv explained
in Chapter XV. ^ ^
t Obviously for the preservation of the privileges which had been previously granted to the
London goldsmiths.

The English Provincial Goldsmiths. 249
Notwithstanding that the London goldsmiths claimed the right
under their Charter of 1462 to the general control of the working of all
gold and silver plate throughout the realm of England and Wales, it Mud. eariy
provincial -made
seems clear that in the Middle Asres and later, much plate was made in piaf not assayed
cs ' r or marked.
the provinces without being assayed or marked in any waj^, "because
the goldsmiths were their own judges," * and that the law requiring them
to submit their wares to the " touch," and to set none to sale before
being " touched " and " marked " was " daily broken, and oftentimes the
sign of the worker of the same was not set thereto. ""I"
The supervision by the London Goldsmiths' Company when exer
cised seems only to have been occasional, with intervals extending over
many years. Two journeys into the country by the Wardens in a period
of six years are recorded in 1 5 1 2 and 1 5 1 7. At other times the provincial
goldsmiths do not appear to have been interfered with in any way.
In the majority of towns before 1378, when the control of the
" touch " was given to the Mayors and Governors,^ no distinguishing
mark appears to have been struck on plate to denote the place of its
manufacture. After that date the law as to touching and marking seems
to have been largely infringed, if one may judge by recurring references
in subsequent Statutes to irregularities, and by the amount of antique
plate found unmarked, or, at most, marked with the maker's mark only.
The quantity and quality of plate wrought in the provinces varied Excellence ot the
work ot some
greatly in the several parts of the realm. In some districts large quanti- p";^},"^'''' s"'"^-
ties are found, the work on which will in no way suffer by comparison
with London-made plate of the same period, while examples found in
other districts (such, for instance, as some of the local-made Church
plate in Cumberland) are extremely rude both in design and workman
ship, suggestive of having been made by a country blacksmith rather
than by a worker in the precious metals.
The Statute 2 Hen. VI. c. 14 (of 1423) which appointed touches in
the seven towns mentioned in the Act presumably had sdme effect at the
time, but the most careful research by the author and others has failed
to find any records of action having been taken in any one of these
places as an immediate consequence of that Statute. Later on — but not
until more than a century had elapsed — we find "the mark of the city
¦¦¦¦• I Edw. Ill (1327).
t 17 Edw. IV. c. 1 (1477).
X 2 Ric. II. (1378).

1677-References to
provincial gold
smiths by the
author of " The
Touchstone."

2^0 The English Provincial Goldsmiths.
or borough " (its badge or armorial bearing) adopted as the mark of the
Craft of Goldsmiths in several provincial towns.
In York, Norwich, and Exeter goldsmiths not only worked but
flourished from about the middle of the sixteenth century downwards.
They have left behind them records and examples of their work,
extending from quite early in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, with slight
intervals, down to the time when their assay offices were closed. Of the
Chester goldsmiths some records extend back to a time still more remote
than those of York, although no examples of Chester plate are known
of earlier date than the seventeenth century. Since that period the
Chester goldsmiths have had an active existence, and the assay office
there is the only English provincial office remaining of those which
existed prior to 1773. Of the Newcastle goldsmiths there are no
records earlier than 1536, when, in conjunction with members of other
trades, they were incorporated as a Guild of Craftsmen. The gold
smiths of Hull have left ample evidence of their existence from the time
of Queen Elizabeth to Wm. III., and an appreciable quantity of Lincoln-
made spoons is known to exist, but of the work of the goldsmiths of
Bristol, Salisbury, and Coventry (three of the seven towns appointed to
have "touches" by the Act of 1423) very little is known. Indeed, if
we except a few small articles, which will be referred to hereafter, it
may be said that no antique plate is known which may with certainty
be ascribed to the craftsmanship of a goldsmith of any one of those three
towns. In the latter half of the seventeenth century the London goldsmiths
appear to have had a not very exalted opinion of their provincial brethren,
if the expressions of a contemporaneous writer* may be taken as a
criterion. He says that he " can give no account of the marks which
the respective Governors of York, Newcastle, Lincoln, Norwich, Bristol,
Salisbury, and Coventry set on the silver works wrought there ; " but he
asserts that " by reason of the marks of those places being little known,
they bear as little credit." He refers to the obligation which provincial
goldsmiths were under to make their marks known to the Mayors and
Governors of their respective cities and boroughs, and to the Wardens
of the London goldsmiths, and points out that the privileges then
enjoyed by provincial goldsmiths of " having a touch by themselves,"
¦¦¦ "The Touchstone," London, 1677.

The English Provincial Goldsmiths. 251
and being excused of the obligation "of bringing their vessels of silver
to London to be stamped with the Leopard's Head, were in danger of
being lost." Might this be taken as an indication that efforts were
being made by the London goldsmiths to get the privileges then
enjoyed by provincial goldsmiths, revoked ? It has the semblance of
a sinister foreboding, which certainly, for a time, affected the pro
vincial goldsmiths very prejudicially. The animus of the author of "The
Touchstone " against the goldsmiths of the provinces is shewn in his
reference to the debased quality of their wares (which he attributes to
the laxity of the authorities) and in his advice to intending buyers of
plate to give their orders to London goldsmiths. It would be interest
ing, in view of this allegation, to ascertain by assay the actual amount
of alloy in the provincial plate of the period. If its quality had been " as
good as sterling" it is strange that the Act of 1696-7* should have
provided that all plate stamped with " the mark commonly used at the
hall belonging to the Company of Goldsmiths in London besides the
worker's mark" should be received at the Mint and pkid for without
assay at the rate of 5s. 4d. per ounce, and that any not bearing such
marks was to be melted, assayed, and valued by the Master of the
Mint before being paid for.
The Act of 1696-7* had the effect, foreshadowed by the author of Effect ot the
statute ot 1696-7
"The Touchstone" twenty years before, of depriving the provincial °^^^°}^^^^l
goldsmiths of the privilege which they had long enjoyed of having their
wares assayed at the local assay offices. This resulted from the provi
sion that the standard for wrought plate should be 8 dwts. finer than the
standard theretofore in force, and that the marks to be used should be
the worker's mark, (to be expressed by the first two letters of his
surname), the marks of the Mystery of the Goldsmiths, " which instead
of the leopard's head and the lion should be the figure of a lion's head
erased and the figure of Britannia, and the variable mark to denote the
year in which such plate was made ; and that all plate exposed for sale
not so marked should be forfeited. These new marks of the lion's
head erased and Britannia having been ordered in place of thc leopard's
head and the lion which theretofore had been used solely by the Mystery
of Goldsmiths in London, it followed that only the London Goldsmiths'
Company could use the new marks, without which no plate could safely
-¦¦¦- See the kcA more fully set forth in Chapter II.

2^2

The English Provincial Goldsmiths.

statute 12
Wm. III. c. 4
(1700)re-establishedProvincial Assav
Offices.

be exposed for sale. Thus all the provincial assay offices were deprived
of their business, and all provincial goldsmiths were obliged to send their
wares to London to be assayed and marked.
This wrought a great hardship on the provincial goldsmiths, pre
venting them from exposing any plate for sale which was not London-
marked. There seems, however, to have been no penalty attached to
the making of plate to order without the new marks, and it is suggested
that the English provincial plate marked with the stamps of makers of
that period and the words "Sterling" ^„f "Britannia," but without any
assay office mark, is plate probably " made to order," in the period of
three years during which the disability applied to the provincial offices,
and that such marks were struck by the makers as their personal
warranty of the quality of the plate so made.
With the object of obtaining redress of their grievance, the
goldsmiths of Chester, Norwich, and Exeter petitioned Parliament to
re-establish their assay offices, and in the year 1700 the Statute 12
Wm. III. c. 4. was passed. This Act recites that the goldsmiths and
plateworkers remote from London, were under great difficulties and
hardships in the exercise of their trades, for want of assayers in con
venient places to assay and touch their wrought plate, and for remedy
of their grievances and to prevent frauds : —
(Sec. I.) Appointed the several cities where the mints had been shortly
before erected for re-coining the silver money, viz. : — York, Exeter, Bristol,
Chester and Norwich, for the assaying and marking of wrought plate, and for
exercising the other powers of the Act :
(Sec. 2.) Incorporated the goldsmiths and plate- workers, freemen of, and living
in, any of the said cities and having served an apprenticeship to the said trade, as
the Company of Goldsmiths of the said cities respectively, and enabled them
annually to choose two wardens to continue for one year and no longer unless re
elected : and
(Sec. 3.) Provided that no goldsmith or plate-worker should work any silver
below standard nor sell nor exchange the same until marked with the maker's
mark, the lion's head erased, the figure of Britannia, the arms of the city, and a
variable yearly letter :
(Sees. 4 — 6.) That each of the said companies should elect a competent
assayer, that he might detain eight grains per lb. Troy of the silver submitted for
assay for the purposes of the assay. That the diet box should be in the company's
charge, locked with three keys, to be kept by the wardens and assayer and con
veyed annually (if required) to the London mint and the diet therein tried as the
pyx of the coin is tried, and in case of deceit the company to forfeit ^50,
recoverable from the company or any member thereof, and if any plate should be
" touched" as good by the assayer and any deceit found therein he should forfeit
double the value :

The English Provincial Goldsmiths. 253
(Sec. 7.) That every goldsmith should enter his name, mark and abode, with
the wardens, and for striking an unentered mark on plate he should forfeit
double its value :
(Sec. 8.) That if any person should counterfeit any of the appointed stamps
he should forfeit the sum of ;{^5oo : and
(Sec. g.) Provided for the payment by each goldsmith of a charge not
exceeding 5d. per pound Troy for the assayer's trouble in assaying.
Newcastle not having been one of the places wherein a mint had Newcastle Assay
Office not in-
been then recently set up for re-coining the silver moneys of the realm, of",''°o,'" *\vm'''
was not included in the operation of the Act of 1700, and it was not estabHs'hed'ir 1702.
until the year 1702 that the assay office there was re-established, in
circumstances detailed in Chapter XIV. This enabled it to again take
rank with the other re-established assay offices, of which four only
continued in active existence as such until shortly after the middle of the
19th century, when, with the exception of the Chester office, which
continues to flourish, each in turn found its work diminishing, and
was ultimately closed.
Meanwhile in 1773 new assay offices had been established at
Birmingham and Sheffield. These, however, will be found referred to
further on, it being more generally convenient as well as more consistent
with the plan of this work, devised mainly for the purpose of reference, to
deal with the personality and work of the goldsmiths of each town
separately. Before, however, leaving this general reference to English Reporton the
Assay Ofiices.
provincial goldsmiths, mention should be made of a Report on the Assay
Offices, which was presented to the House of Commons on the 29th of
April, 1773.
On the 1st qf February in that year, a petition was presented to
Parliament by plate-workers carrying on business in the town and
neighbourhood of Sheffield, setting forth that a considerable trade was
being done there, and that the petitioners were put to great and unneces
sary expense, inconvenience and delay, in having to send their goods to
London to be assayed, and praying that leave might be given to
introduce a Bill for establishing an assay office at Sheffield.
On the next day Matthew Boulton and other manufacturers of
plate in Birmingham, following the example of the Sheffield plate-
workers, prayed that if provision should be made for the establishment
of an assay office in Sheffield, a similar privilege should also be granted
in the case of Birmingham.
These efforts aroused the opposition of the London Goldsmiths'
Company, who presented counter petitions against the granting of any

Presented to
Parliament in
April, 1773.

254

Thc English Provincial Goldsmiths.

Parliamentary Inquiry respecting
the working ot
the Provincial
Otfices in 1773.

Inquiry mainly
directed to the
expediency ot
establishing Assay Oflices in
Birmingham and
Sheflield.

such privileges to the plate-workers of Birmingham and Sheffield, as
were enjoyed by them.
The matter having been considered in Parliament, a Committee was
appointed, to inquire into the manner of conducting the assay and
marking of wrought plate in the several assay offices in London, York,
Exeter, Bristol, Chester, Norwich, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; and also
to inquire into the frauds and abuses alleged to have been committed
and attempted in some of such places.
A further petition by goldsmiths of the City of London and its
vicinity, was presented to the House of Commons, alleging that frauds
and abuses had been committed in or near Sheffield and Birmingham, or
one of them, and that artificers there had plated base metal with silver,
and had impressed marks thereon in such manner as to give it the
appearance of real plate marked at an assay office, and praying that the
petitioners might be heard h'y the Committee (above-mentioned) in proof
of their allegations. This petition was referred to the Committee with a
request that the petitioners be heard.
The Committee thereupon instituted inquiries as directed, and
summoned the Assay Masters from the London and provincial assay
offices to give evidence touching the matters inquired into. The
evidence given by the Assay Masters of Exeter, Newcastle, and Chester,
being of greater interest in connection with the affairs of the goldsmiths
of those towns than at this point, will be found set forth in Chapters
XIIL, XIV. and XV. respectively. It may, however, be here stated
that the evidence with regard to the conduct of the assay offices at
Chester and Newcastle was as satisfactory as that respecting the Exeter
office was the reverse. The offices at York and Norwich were at the
time of the inquiry both closed, and there was no evidence to show that
Bristol had ever availed itself of the Act of 1700.
The main object of the inquiry was with reference to the applications
for the establishment of assay offices at Birmingham and Sheffield, and
against the granting of these applications the whole strength of the
London Goldsmiths' Company — jealous of their own privileges and
anxious to prevent the creation of other rival offices — was directed.
It was alleged that the plated wares of Sheffield and Birmingham had
been made to simulate real silver, and marked so as to deceive the
unwary. These allegations were met by counter allegations as to the
corruption and venality of some of the Officers of the London Hall.

The English Provincial Goldsmiths. 255
Mr. W. Hancock, a Sheffield silversmith, said that "his work had been .uiegation ot
Corruption.
injured by scraping; but that he went to the Hall and gave some drink
to the Assay Master and Scraper, after which his plate had been less
damaged." Mr. Spilsbury said that "Drawers or Scrapers, if inclined,
had opportunities of delivering to the Assayer better silver than that
which they scraped from the work ; that the Assayer had an opportunity
of wrapping in lead whatever scrapings he pleased to put in the cupels
delivered by him to the fireman ; and as the standard mark was put
upon the silver by the report of the Assayer alone, he had opportunities
of favouring any silversmith he pleased ; that he (Mr. Spilsbury) had
several times treated the workmen with drink ; and thought it of
consequence to be on good terms with the Scrapers, for when plate
had been objected to, he had known of difficulties being removed by
giving liquor at the Hall."
These allegations of venality appear to have been established, for
although Mr. David Hennell, the Deputy-Warden of the London Gold
smiths' Company ; Mr. Fendall Rushworth, the senior Assay Master ;
Mr. George Fair, the Clerk ; and Mr. Richard Collins, Fireman and
Drawer, each gave evidence with reference to the assay, the diet, the
Charters and other matters pertaining to the Company, the evidence of
Messrs. Hancock and Spilsbury was not confuted.
It appeared from the evidence that while the Assay Master of
Chester was careful not to pass, as good, any silver under 11 oz. 2 dwts.
fine, without cautioning the sender, it was the practice in London to
pass plate which came within two pennyweights of standard.
hxv ingenious fraud, called a convoy, sometimes resorted to by dis- a -convoy"
honest workers, was described by Mr. Hennell, who said, "If scrapings
or cuttings are taken from different pieces of the same sort of plate, the
whole mass so cut or scraped may prove standard, but several of these
pieces may not be standard ; and that it is common to put good pieces in
spoons &c., to the extent of 10 dwts. to 15 dwts. above standard, amongst
the bad ones as a kind of convoy for the rest ; but if that is suspected,
they separate and make different assays of all the parts, and if they find
one part worse than standard, they break the whole."
Several witnesses testified to the practice of inserting iron, brass,
&c., in the handles of tankards, sauce-boats, snuffers, &c. (the whole
being sold by weight as so much silver), and to its having escaped

2^6 The English Provincial Goldsmiths.
detection at Goldsmiths' Hall, where articles thus fraudulently increased
in weight had been marked as good.
Report of As a result of the inquiry the committee made a report to the House.
padiamS,'°773. jhc rcport, aftcr stating the evidence of the witnesses, concluded with
the observations that it appeared to the committee that the assay offices
at Chester and Newcastle had been conducted with fidelity and skill ; that the
plating of base metal with silver had been brought to such perfection,
that if the practice of putting marks on it similar to those used for silver
were not restrained, many frauds might be committted upon the public ;
that various frauds had been committed with reference to silver plate,
contrary to the established legal standards, and that (assuming the new
assay offices to be established as prayed for) some further checks and
regulations were necessary for the prevention of such frauds, besides
those provided by the existing laws.
.Assay Offices Thc rccommendations of the committee were carried out with
Birmingham and rcfcrence to Birmingham and Sheffield, and assay offices were estab-
Shelfield, 1773. * ' -^
lished in those towns by Acts of Parliament the same year, but nothing
was done with reference to the marks on plated wares until eleven
years after, when an Act* was passed amending in that respect the
Birmingham and Sheffield Acts of 1773.
The old-established provincial assay offices do not appear to have
sent their diet to the Mint for verification. In the course of a Parlia
mentary inquiry on the subject of plate and its assay marks, conducted
in 1856, it was shown that no offices other than Birmingham and
Sheffield, had ever within living memory sent up their diet boxes to the
Mint for the purpose of having the diet tested, being only liable so to
do when required by the Lord Chancellor. The Guardians of the
Standard of Wrought Plate at Birmingham and Sheffield are obliged
by their respective Acts of Parliament to send their diet to the Mint once
in every year to be tested, and the Goldsmiths' Company of Chester,
although not legally bound to do so, have taken a similar obligation
upon themselves voluntarily.
¦¦¦¦¦ The Local .-^ct 24 Geo. 111. c. 20 (1784).

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks. 257

CHAPTER XI.
THE YORK GOLDSMITHS AND THEIR MARKS.
York being the most important provincial city in England in the TheMcdia-^a
Goldsmiths.
Middle Ages, and the first mentioned of the seven provincial towns
appointed to have "touches" by the Act of 1423, its goldsmiths are
here given precedence over those of all other guilds in the provinces.
York-made spoons are mentioned in a will of the year 1366. That
there was a local touch in York as early as 1410-1, is proved by a
document* in the archives of the city, concerning a dispute between
members of the Craft of Goldsmiths as to whether there should be three
or only two " searchers. "¦!¦ The question having been referred to the
Mayor, Aldermen, and other good citizens, on 5th March, 141?, it was
decided that two "searchers" and no more, both to be Englishmen
born, should be chosen and duly sworn. The goldsmiths were
required to bring their touch and mark, as the Statute directs ("come
la statut purport"), and those who had no mark were to make for them
selves punches in compliance with the law, as required by the community
("en complisent de justice come le comune lez eut demand"). It was further
decreed that if they sold any article of gold or silver before the common
touch of the said city ("le comune touch de la dite cite"), and the mark of
its maker were properly struck on it, they were to forfeit 6s. 8d.
Although the "common touch ofthe city" is referred to thus early
in the city archives, it is not until twelve years later that we find it
given statutory recognition as " the touch ordained in the City of York,
according to the ordinance of its Mayor," in conformity with the Statute, J
which provided also that no goldsmith anywhere in England should
work silver of worse allay than sterling, nor offer any for sale without
first setting his mark upon it under the penalty of forfeiture, and
empowered the Mayor and Justices of the Peace to hear and determine
such matters.
¦¦¦¦- Discovered by Canon Raine.
f Searchers — officers, whose busine.ss it is to examine wares as to their quality and mark defects
if discovered, otherwise "assayers."
X 2 Henry VI. c. r4 (1423.). 17

2^8

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Goldsmiths ot tilt
ijth Centuiv.

A.D. rje-j.

Tlie York Mark
described.

From 1423 onwards, references are to be found in wills and other
documents to goldsmiths who carried on business in York. In 1458,
John Luneburgh of York, goldsmith, by his will "bequeaths 6s. 8d. to the
working goldsmiths ('auri fabrorum arti") towards the cost of a new silver
crown, and leaves his tools to his fellow goldsmiths, Robert Spicer and
John Pudsay." In another will, dated 1490, an inventory of the tools,
utensils, and other appliances used by the testator, one John Colam,
in his trade of goldsmith, is given in complete detail.
In the year 1560, "the ancient ordinances ofthe mystery or craft of
goldsmiths of the citie of Yorke were diligently examined and reformed
by the right worshipful Parsyvall Crafourth, Mayour, the Aldermen,
and Pryvay Councill," at their assembly in "the Counsell Chamber upon
Ousebrig," thenceforth to be firmly observed and kept. The old
ordinance of 1410-1 with reference to the two "searchers" was ratified
and confirmed, the two " searchers " (Thomas Sympson and Robert
Gylmyn), then in office under the said ordinance, and other good men,
Masters of the Craft being present. It was then also ordained that all
work should be " towched with the pounce of this citie, called the halfe leopard
head and half floivre-de-luyce" as the Statute purporteth ; that wrought
gold should be of the "touche of Paryse," that no silver should be
worked of "worse alaye than sterlyng," and except that sufficient
" sowder" should be allowed, anyone working gold or silver below
these standards should forfeit double the value thereof
The above ordinances were followed by others having reference to
apprentices and their admission to the craft, to the punishments to be
imposed in respect of fraudulent work, as to what things might be plated
with gold and silver, and what exceptions as to gilding might be made
in the case of "Ornaments for Holy Church, Knights' spurs, and the
apparel that pertaineth to a baron, and above that estate;" all of which
merely repeated the general law of the Kingdom with reference to gold
smith's work as set forth in the Statutes 5 Hen. IV., 8 Hen. V., 2 Hen.
VI. , and others from 1404 downwards.*
Notwithstanding all these ordinances and declarations of statutory
law, the goldsmiths of York do not appear to have been more obedient
to them or to have worked together more harmoniously than their
brethren in London, where in 1566 no less than twenty-eight were fined
for offences. While in London, in 1582-3, the assay master (Kelynge)
¦¦¦¦" See Chapter II,

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks. 259
himself was not above suspicion, so in York (where the craft elected their irregularities
* ^ practised at ^ork
" searchers " from amongst their own body) in the very same year, mal- '0^'^*
practices were charged against the two " searchers," Martyn du Biggin
and William Pearson. Both were convicted and imprisoned ("com
mitted to ward"), Pearson for a day; du Biggin, however, who seems
to have been the greater offender, was deprived oT his office and
imprisoned during the Lord Mayor's pleasure. Pearson was allowed to
continue in office, and Thomas Waddie was elected as his co-searcher in
place of Martyn du Biggin, on the lOth May 1583. Pearson and
Waddie do not appear to have been able to perform their duties as
assayers without difficulty, for the records show that before they had held
office together for a year they had a dispute with George Kitchin, and
that the matters in difference were settled by arbitration on the 23rd
Sept. 1583. Thomas Waddie seems to have tired of his office before
he had held it twelve months, for we find that on the 5th Jan. 1584
(1584), he and his co-searcher had resigned, and that John Stocke and
William Ffoster were elected in their place. On the 27th of January in
the following year (1585), the rule formerly observed of electing searchers From 1584 officers
in the month of January was altered, and it was ordained that thenceforth ii'ead' «i".'"''
they were to be elected on the fourth day after the Feast of St. James
the Apostle (July 29th), and to continue in office till that day year.
This ordinance however does not appear to have been regularly
observed, for a minute of the ist Sept. 1684, records that the searchers
were fined 40s. a man, for neglecting to call the meeting to choose their
successors, and the company was convened to meet that day fortnight to
choose them.
In an entry of the year 1606, in connection with some new 'Soe.
Last mention of
ordinances concerning "searching," the York mark is referred to, as in "''""" 'f?''""*
^ ^' ' head and half
former minutes, as the "towch and mark belonginge to this cittye, called the ''°""''"'''=''""-
halfe leopard head and half flower de luce," and this appears to be the last
entry in which the old York mark is thus referred to in express terms.
The York goldsmiths from quite early times appear to have occupied
prominent positions amongst the citizens. It will be found mentioned
in the list with which this chapter concludes that Thomas Gray was
Lord Mayor of the city in 1497, that William Wilson filled that office in
1 5 13, George Gale in 1534, and Rad Pulleyn in 1537. Richard Brerey
was Sheriff in 1555; John Thompson Lord Mayor in 1685; Charles
Rhoades Sheriff in 1694, and Mark Gill Lord Mayor in 1697.

26o Thc York Goldsmiths and their Marks.
THE YORK GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.
We have seen that from the year 141 1 it was incumbent upon all
the goldsmiths of York, as well by their own ordinances as by the
statute law of the realm, to put their own mark upon their work, which
was required to* be "brought" to the "searchers" to be touched and
marked with the city mark, and that no article of gold or silver was
to be sold unless marked with such two marks.
,560, In a minute of 1560, as we have seen, the city mark is described
described as the as " thc half Icopard head and the half flowre de luyce." It is therefore
"half leopard '^ ¦'
iiowre-dli'mcc.- estabfishcd that from 1411 to 1560 all York-made plate was or ought to
have been marked with the leopard's head and fleur-de-lys, both dimi
diated and conjoined in one stamp, and the maker's mark, and that these
marks were continued in use thenceforward until a change was made
in the form of the city mark, or "town-mark" as it is generically termed.
At about the same date as that of the above minute (1560) there was
added to the two marks formerly in use, a third, consisting of a date-
letter or alphabetical mark, which was from the time of its adoption
changed in each successive year. From about 1560, therefore, to 1698,
Use of dateiciter Yorlc-madc platc was, or ought to have been, marked with three marks —
appears to have
i'nT-fc"'"^'' ^^'^¦> ^^^ ^''•y mark, the maker's mark, and the date-letter. The year
1560 is assumed to have been the date of the commencement of the use
of a date-letter because in April of that year, as we have seen, " the
ancient ordynances were diligently perused by the right worshipfull the
Mayor, the Aldremen and the Privay Councell" when they were reformed,
"to be thenceforth firmly observed." There is no express mention of
the adoption of a date-letter as an additional mark, but upon the earliest
Elizabethan example of York-made plate which the author has been able
to find, (a communion cup at Todwick Church, near Sheffield) there
are three marks — viz., the old York mark (above described), the maker's
mark (of William Rawnson) and the date-letter D, which cannot well be
ascribed to any other year than 1562-3. It is reasonable to assume that
the use of the first alphabet was commenced three years earlier with the
letter A. With comparatively few exceptions, the author has found
examples illustrating the successive date-letters which were used from
1562-3 until 1698 when, by reason of the Act of 1696-7, the statutory
existence of all the English provincial assay offices was temporarily sus
pended.

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks. 261
Now with reference to the three marks in use from 1560 to 1698 :
concerning the maker's mark no question arises, and as to the date-
letter, there is only the possible difference (about a year or so) in regard
to the position of some of the letters, arising from the doubt as to
whether the letter J (as well as I) was used in one or two cycles ; but
on the question of the "town mark" there has been a most extraordinary
conflict of opinion. Mr. Octavius Morgan saw the mark, and described
it as "the Leopard's head crowned and fleur-de-lis dimidiated and joined
together on one shield." Mr. Cripps adopting Mr. Morgan's description
used it until the late Mr. Chancellor Ferguson M.A., F.S.A., found a
large number of examples of York plate bearing a mark which he connicting
opinions ill the
described as " a fleur-de-lis dimidiating a crowned rose in a circular fi^eVofk"''""
stamp," whereupon Mr. Cripps dropped Mr. Morgan's description and
used that of Mr. Ferguson. But later on. Canon Raine and Mr. T. M.
Fallow, F.S.A., brought to light the old minutes of 1560 and 1606, in
which the mark is described as " the halfe leopard head and half flower
de luce," corresponding with the description first given by Mr. Morgan,
which was then resumed by Mr. Cripps. Mr. Chaffers, however,
persisted (in his " Hall Marks on Plate ") in describing the mark as
" half lis and half rose crowned." Now the strange thing about these
varying descriptions, is that they are each right and each wrong, and the
explanation will be seen in the following tables, where every variety
of the York mark which has been found, is separately represented in
facsimile. It wfll be observed that from 1562 down to 1631 the mark
is as described in the minutes of 1560 and 1606, a "halfe leopard head rromis62to 1 63 1 [he mark is
and half flower de luce," but from 1632 till 1698 the place of the half i;,'^S"an^,°Pt,^'|'}''
leopard's head is occupied by a half rose crowned. The "town mark" on fromissiunm'1698 a halt ro'-e
the example noted by the author for 16^1-2 was much worn, and might """"'"' T',
L J o JO halt flenr-de-Us
possibly have been struck with the earlier stamp, but in all the later
examples of the mark, the sinister half can with certainty be distinguished
as a dimidiated rose crowned, and not a half leopard's head. How the
change came about the author is unable to say ; there appears to be no
record of it.
Before leaving the subject of the early York marks it might be
suggested that the irregularities of the assayers and their disputes with
the craft in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, particularly during the time
when Martyn du Biggin, William Pearson, and Thomas Waddie held
office, were reflected in the marking of some of the plate of the period.

252 The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.
There is in the author's collection an apostle spoon with the mark of
Thomas Waddie, and the date-letter S (for 1576-7) on the back of the
stem; and in the bowl, (where the "town mark" is usually found, and ought
to have been struck,) instead of the half fleur-de-lis and half leopard's
head, the maker's mark is repeated. The author has found the same
maker's mark with date-letter f? (for 1592-3) on another spoon which has
the half fleur-de-lis and half leopard's head regularly struck in the bowl.
Its absence in 1576-7 may very probably have had some connection with
the disputes referred to.
From 1560 to 1584-5 the "searchers" appear to have been elected
in the month of January, and thereafter on the 29th of July in each year;
the change of date-letter was probably synchronous with the election of
of these officers. The alphabets used were as follows : —
Date-letters, 1 560 to 1 583— Roman capltals.
''^°'°"^'^' 1583 ,, 1607 — Black-letter, small, in angular shields.
1607 ,, 1631 — Black-letter capitals in angular shields.
1 63 1 ,, 1657— Italics small (except k, 1, t and z), in angular
shields.
1657 ,, 1682 — Cursive capitals in angular shields.
1682 „ 1698 — Black-letter capitals (except A, B and C, which
differ from the others), in angular shields.
The difference in the form of the town mark and the makers' marks
afford ready means of distinguishing between the alphabets of 1 607-1 631
and 1682-1698. On the re-establishment of the York assay office in 1 700-1 the
distinguishing mark of the office was, in compliance with the Act of
Parliament of that year,* changed, and the arms of the city (a cross
charged with five lions passant) was thenceforward used as the distin
guishing York mark, which in the following tables the author places
under the generic term "town mark." There were added, also in
pursuance of the terms of the Act of 1 700-1, the lion's head erased and
the figure of Britannia, to mark the higher standard during its compul
sory use ; the number of marks struck on York plate having been
thereby increased from three to five. The maker's mark was changed
also in compliance with the Act, and was from 1700 to 17 19 formed of
the first two letters of the surname, as in the case of London. The
date-letter first used in the i8th century was probably the Roman
12 Wm. III. c. 4.

Thc York Goldsmiths and their Marks. 26

o

1717.

Resumed about
1760.

80 to 1S57.

capital A; for the next year (i 701-2) it was the Roman capital B in Date-letters,
a square punch with truncated corners; for 1702-3 the letter was a
nondescript C. No other letters of that cycle have been found except
those for 1708-9 and 1711-12, which are Court letters, as illustrated
in the following tables.
In 1717 the practice of assaying plate at York was discontinued Ass.iyingotpbteat York
and not resumed until more than half a century afterwards. John discontinued,
Langwith and Joseph Buckles, who were then the principal goldsmiths
in York, entered into an agreement with the Newcastle Goldsmiths'
Company for having their plate assayed at the Newcastle assay office
and stamped with the Newcastle marks from 171 7 onwards by paying
an annual fee.
From 1 71 7 to 1780 no York-marked plate has been found, and as
the office was closed when the parliamentary inquiry was held in 1773,
it seems probable that no assays were made there during that entire
period. Plate of a few years later is found marked with the date-letters Date-ietters,
F, G, H, and J respectively. On these examples the town mark is in an
angular shield, and the leopard's head crowned and lion passant take
the places of the lion's head erased and figure of Britannia. The cup
with date letter J, mentioned in Table VIIL, has the duty mark, and
cannot have been assayed earlier than December, 1 784, therefore the
flagons marked F, although dated 1780, cannot be earlier than 1781,
unless an I was used as well as J. It seems more probable that the
money was given for the flagons in 1 780, and that they were made and
marked the following year. The town mark is in an oval stamp from
1787, when a new alphabet of small Roman letters was commenced.
In 1798 the small letters were discontinued and capitals resumed. From
18 1 2 to 1837 small Black-letters were used, and from 1837 the letters
were Roman capitals, the last letter (for 1856-7) being V and not U as
shewn in "Old English Plate."
In 1858 the office was finally closed ; and as some great irregulari
ties, such as the marking of plate without assay, are said to have taken
place during the later years of its existence, it is not likely ever again
to be re-opened.
A number of marks given in the following tables have not been
hitherto represented, and several date-letters, notably the IB of 1608,
the (g of 1613, the ^ of 1624, the ^ of 1629-30, and a number of

York Assay Office
finallv closed,
1858.'

264 The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.
makers' marks, which will be found here correctly recorded in fac simile,
have not been accurately represented in any other tables.
Marks on wrought Thc marks on wrought gold assayed at York were the same as on
gold assayed at
York. plate until 1798. After that date probably no gold was assayed there.
If it had been, the remarks would be applicable which occur on page 74
with reference to the substitution of the crown and figures in place of
the lion passant on gold of 22 and 18 carats fine respectively, and of
figures only in place of the lion passant on gold of the lower standards.

Thc York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

26:^

M.\RKS ON YORK PLATE.

T.VBLE I.
THREE ST.VMPS AS BELOW.

EUZ.

1562-3 1563-4 1564-5 1565-6 1566-7 1067-8

1569-70 1570-1

1574-5
1575-6 1S76-71577-8
1578-9
1579-80 1580-1

A B C£ F G
s I
E a M N
[g p
Si 0
V
w X
Y

GB

@

SSi(3

M.\KER S .N'AME.

William fiawnson.

Christopher Hunton.
Robert Beckwith.
Thomas Symson.
Robert Gylmyn.

John Lund.
William Foster.
George Kitchen.
Thomas Waddie.
Indistinguishable.

William Rawnson.

ARTICLES .VXD OWN'ERS.

Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.

Do.

do.

Communion cup : Todwick, near
Sheffield.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Mount of stoneware jug."
Date-letter conjectured.
j Communion cup : St. Mary, Liishop Hill, junr.,
1 York.t
Com. cup : Great Salkeld, Cumb.
Communion cup : South Stainley.
Seal-top spoon : INIr. W. Boore.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.
Apostle spoon (pierced bowl) ; Dull-
ington Church, Northants.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Date-letter conjectured.
Coinmunion cup ; dated " i575."'"
Seal-top' spoon : Mr. W. Boore.
Master spoon : The Author's CoU'n.
Communion cup ; Adwick-on-
Dearne, Yorks.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Com. cup : Long Preston, Yorks.

"¦-" Noted when in the hands of Bond Street Dealers, f --^l^o communion cups at St. Maurice York,
Barnby, .^mpleforth and Askham-Bryan Yorks., and Crosthwaite Cumberland.

266

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON YORK PLATE.

TABLE l\.
THREE STAMPS AS BELOW.

1583-4

TOWN
HARK.

DATE
LETTER.

MAKER'S UARK.

maker's name.

articles and owners.

Wm.

Rawnson.

Communion cup : Mr. W. Boore.

1584-5

®

^

i»

••

"

Communion cup : Troutbeck.

1585-6

c

Date-letter conjectured.
1586-7
b
Do. do.
1587-8
9i
0
@
Geo.
Kitchen.
Seal-top spoon : Late Mr. W. Old.
1588-9
f
Date-letter conjectured.
1589-90
8
Do. do.
1590-1
ft
Do. do.
1591-2
A
t
Do. do.
1592-3
®
^^
E2S
Wm.
Robt.
Rawnson. Gylmyn.
Com. cup : Crathome, near Y'arn-on-Tees.
Seal-top spoon : Staniforth CoU'n.
1593-4
1}
d
»»
"
"
Apostle spoon : Messrs. Christie.
1594-6
m
Date-letter conjectured.
1595-6
n
Do. do.
1596-7
0
Do. do.
1597-8
M
^
[^
Chris.
Harrington.
Small cup, dated 1598 ; Mr. Connell.
1598-9
q
Date-letter conjectured.
15991600
t »
^
l^
Fras.
Tempest.
Seal-top spoon ; Messrs. Spink.
1600-1
^
Date-letter conjectured.
1601-2
M
5
»»
Cup on baluster stem: Messrs.
Christie.
1602-3
u
Date-letter conjectured. *
JAS. 1.
1603-4
iu
Do. do.
1604-5
X
Do. do.
1605-6
^
Do. do.
1606-7
z
Do. do.
The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

267

MARKS ON YORK PLATE.

TABLE 111.
THREE STA.MPS AS HELOW.

1608-9
1609-10 1610-1
1611-2
1612-3
1613-41614-5
1615-6 1616-7

1622-3
1623-41624-5
CHAS. I.
1625-6 1626-7

1629-30

%

i

m

IP
IP

X

@

m

MAKER S NAME.

^

Peterf'Vas.Peler n
Chris.Fras.
PeterChris.
Fras.

Sem.Peter.
Sem. Peter
Robt.
Thos.
Robt.
J
James

Pearson.Tempest.
Pearson,
Harrington.Tempest.
Pearson. Mangy.
Tempest.

Casson.Pearson.
Casson. Pearson.
Williamson. Harrington.Harrington.
Plummer.

Chris. Mangy.
Thomas Waite.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Date-letter conjectured.
Com. cup : Brantingham, nr. Crough, Y'orks.
Com. cup : Old Cottam, nr. nriflield, Yorks.
.'Vpostle spoon : Mr. B. Jefferis.
Com. cup : Mr. John Dale, Netherbank.
Cup on baluster stem : Mr. Colburne.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Dobson & Sons.
The " Wrightington " cup" : Trinity I louse, Hull
Beaker : Messrs. Christie.
Com. cup, dated " 1615' - St. Cutlibert's, Y'ork.
Com. cup : Irthington, Cumberland.
Com. cup : Cleator, Cumberland.
Date-letter conjectured.
Com. cup : Bilbrough, Yorks.

Com. cup : dated " 1619 " • Bempton, Bridling
ton, Yorkshire.
Small bowl or " taster" : Mr. VV. Boore.

Foot-rim (dated " 1622 ") of " Scrope Mazer";
York Minster.
Com. cup : Holv Trinity Church, Goodramtrate,
York.
Com. cup and cover, inscribed" Houlden 1638" :
llowdcn, Yorks.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie ; S. C. as 162D,
com. cup : Naburii.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. Crichton.
Com. cup ; Cawthorn, near Barnsley, Y'orks.
Com. cup : Hay ton, near York.f
Date-letter conjectured.
Com. cup and cover inscribed " Bewcaslle 1630 "
Bewcaslle, Church, Brampton, Camb.
Com. cup dated 1630: All Saints, North Street.
Y'ork,

* The date-letter on this cup is erroneously stated to be Ot in " Old English Plate."
-j- There was formerly at Thornton-Watlass a communion cup of tliis year. It was sold for
eleven shillings to a dealer ! ! ! The representatives of a deceased incumbent ha\-ing found the cup
somewhat tarnished, in the vicarage, believed it to have been the property of the \^icar, and the
marks not having been recognised as silver marks, they were persuaded that the cup w-as of base
metal. This circumstance ilUistrates the necessity for i^rovincial marks being more widely known.

268

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON YORK PLATE.

TABLE W.
THREE STAMPS AS BELOW.

1633-41634-5 1635-6 1636-7

1640-11641-2 1642-31643-4 1644-S

1647-1

COMWTH.

1652-3
1653-4

j
0
m Tl o
P r
Q U

(10

s^

m

MAKER S NAME.

Sem.Robt.Thos.John Robt. Thos.
Robt.

John Thos.

Casson.

Harrington.
Harrington.
j Thomason or
I Thompson. Harrington.
Harrington.

Williamson.

Thomason. Harrington.

James Plummer

Thomas Waite

Philemon Marsh.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Communion cup : Calverley, Yorks.
Do. do. • St. Helen's, York.
Do. do, : Millom, near Carn-
forth, Yorks.
Communion cup : Threlkeld, Cumb.
Paten cover of cup : Torver, Coniston,
Cumb.
Comrnunion cup : Lanercost, near
Bampton, Cumb.
Communion cup : Kirk Andrews-
upon-Esk, Cumb.
Communion cup, dated 1638 : Thorner,
near Leeds.
Seal-top spoon : The Author's CoU'n.
Date-letter conjectured.
Communion cup : Melsonby, near
Darlington.
Communion Cup : Wheldrake, Yorks.

Date-letter conjectured

Do. Do.Do.
Do.
Do.

do. do.do.
do. do.

Period of
R o yali st
and Parlia-
mentary Wars. Pro
bably very
little plate
wrought.

Tankard from the Franks family of
Beverley.
Corporation Mace : Richmond, Yorks.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Communion cup : Stockton-on-Forest,
Yorks.
Beaker-shaped cup : Cumberworth, nr.
Huddersfield.
Cup : Messrs. Hancock.

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

269

MARKS ON YORK PLATE.

TABLE \'.

THREE STA.MPS AS BELOW.

1664-01665-6
1666-7

1669-70

1671-1

IP 3

^

®

Qui

023

MAKER S NAME.

John Plummer.
Wm. Waite.
John Plummer.

(ieorge INlangy.
Marmaduke Best.

Robt.

Williamson.

Thos. Mangy.
iSIarmaduke Best.
Philemon Marsh.
Marmaduke Best.
Roland Kirby.
John Thompson.
Marmaduke Best.
Robt. Williamson.
Thos. Mangy.
Wm. Mascall.

Wm.
JohnJohn Wm.
Thos.

Busfield.Plummer. Thompson.
Busfield. Mangy.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Com. paten : Stillingfleet, near York.
Lion tankard : York Corporation.
Two-handled cup : .Mr. Lowe.
Com. cup : Thornton, near Pickering,
Yorks.
Large seal-top spoon ; StaniforUi CoU'n.
Com. cup : Birkin, nr. Ferrybridge, Y'ks.
Small bowl: Judge Wynne Ffoulkes,
Com. cup and paten : Bolton .Abbey.
Do. do. Tadcaster, Y'ks.
Date letter conjectured.
Rose-water dish, "given 1668": Hull
Corporation.
! Com. cup, dated "1668": Cartmel
Lanes.
Liningof "Scrope Mazer" ; YorkMinst.
Date letter conjectured.
.A chamber utensil : Mansicju Ho., York.
j Gold cup, dated 1672 : Do. do.
1 Small cruet : Messrs. Christie.
Com. paten : St. Cuthbert's, York.
Tankard : iNlansion Ho., York.
Com. cup : St. Mary, Bishop Hill, sen., Y'ork.
Com. plate, dated 1676 : Ripon Minster.
Low covered cup : Mr. Crichton.
Date letter conjectured.
Com. cup and paten, "exchd. 1678" : St.
Michael's, Spurrier Gate, York.
Com. cup, " given to Troutbeck Church,
1688."
Spoon, flat stem, trilid end : Mr.
Crichton.
Com. cup : St. Lawrence, York.
Small com. cup, dated 1684 : Do. Do.

270

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON YORK PL.^TE.

!-31-4
JAS. II.
1-6i-7

WM.&MY. 689-90

t)
(E
I? 3

15

(J?

TABLE VI
1HREE STAMPS AS

MAKER S NAME.

George Gibson.
Wm. Busfield.
John Oliver.
John Plummer.

John Oliver.
Chris. WhitehiU.
Wm. Busfield.
Charles Rhoades.
Chris. WhitehiU.
Mark Gill.
Clement Reed.
Wm. Busfield.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Mts. of coker-nut cup : Mr. Crichton.
Large paten ; St. Mary-'Ie-Grand, Coney St., Y'ork.
Com. flagon (added spout) : I-owther, Westmor.
Paten cover of c. cup : St. iNIaurice, York.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.
.Alms-dish : St. Michael-le-Belfry, York.
Com. cup : Oswaldkirk, nr. York.
Do. do. : Holtby, Yorks.
Date-letter conjectured.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end: Mr. Lowe.
Tankard : Mr. H. Hardcastle.
Fluted porringer : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.
Date-letter conjectured.
Com. cup : Mytton, nr. Whalley, Yorks.
Do. do. ; Rylstoiie,nr.Skipton,Yorks.
Do. do. : Barmby Moor, Yorks.
Plain tumbler cup : Messrs. Christie.

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

271

MARKS ON YORK PLATE.

TABLE Vll.
riVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

ANNE.
1702-3 1703-4

1706-7 1707-8 1708-9 1709-10
1710-li 1711-2
1712-3 1713-4 GEO. I.
1714-6
1716-6
1716-7

LION'S
HEAD
ERASED.

©

®

@

C0

%

M.A.KER S NAME,

Danl. Turner.
John Best.
Wm. Busfield.

John Langwith.
Wm. Williamson

John Langwith.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Spoon, flat stem, trifid end, pricked " 1702";
Mr. Crichton.
Plain tumbler : Mr. Colburne.
Com. cup : St. .Michael's, Malton,
Yorks.

Com. cup, dated " 171 j": Hawkes-
well, Yorks.
Com. cup: Kirkby Ravensworth,
Yorks.
Plain tumbler ; Birmingham Assay
Office.

Rat-tail spoon : iSlr. Lowe.

Very little, if any, plate was assayed and marked at York during the
sixty years from 1716 to 1776. None has been found bearing a date-
letter for any year between 1 71 2 and 1 781. In 171 7 the assay office
was closed, it was still closed in 1773 when the Parliamentary enquiry
was being held, but was re-opened shortly afterwards.

272

Thc York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON YORK PLATE.

The date-letter F on communion plate at All Saints', York, and at
Burnsall, in Yorkshire, probably stands for the year 1 781-2. There
is a communion cup without a date-letter, made by Hampton & Prince,
of York, with the inscribed date 1777, at Selby Abbey, Yorkshire.
Assuming the Holme communion cup, with date-letter J and King's head
incuse, to have been made in 1784-5, the alphabet of Roman capitals
must have been commenced in or about 1776.
TABLE Vill.
riVE STAMP.S UNTIL 1784-5, THENCEl^ORWARD SIX STAMPS AS DELOW.

leopard'

TOWN
MAHK
PAJ8ANT CROWNED
DATE K
LETTER
ING S MAKER S
HEAD MARK.
maker's name.
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
177B-7
A
Date-letter conjectured.
1777-8
B
Do. do.
1778-8
C
Do. do.
1777-80
1)
Do. do.
1780-1
]<]
Do. do.
1781-2
9
f3
f
m
i
J. Hampton &)
J. Prince, J
Conimunion flagons : All Saints',
North Street, York.
1782-3
••
••
"
@
••
„
Paten on foot ; .All Saints", North
Street, York.
1783-4
••
»1
Hi
••
"
Com. cup : Huntington, nr. York.
{no town mark).
1784-S
"
•¦
••
0
i
iTHa
Hampton & J-'rince.
Com. cup : Holme, nr. York.
178S-6
K
Date-letter conjectured.
178B-7
L
Do. do.
The above alphabet was probably not continued beyond L, as a
new alphabet of small Roman letters appears to have been commenced
in 1787. In 1798 the use of small letters was discontinued, and for
the remainder of the cycle capital letters were used.
Some of the marks illustrated in the preceding and succeeding
tables have been found on many articles in addition to those mentioned,
but it seems unnecessary to multiply instances beyond a sufficient
number to establish the tables. The author has, however, preserved
an extensive list of additional examples.
Tlie York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

273

MARKS ON YORK PLATE.

T.ABLE IX.

SIX STAMPS AS BELOW.

LEOPARDS I-
r. HBAD
CROWNED.

1787-i

1792-3
1793-4
1794-5 1795-6 1796-71797-8

1860-1 1861-21862-31803-4
1804-6 1805-61806-7
1807-8 1808-9
1809-10 1816-1 1811-2

m

a

b

Q

®

••

e

M

®

f

»>

@

h
M
0
8
@
#
lorL R
© TU
0
w X
Q z
MAKER S NAME.
Hampton &
I'rince.
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
Prince & Co.
Robt.
J.
Cattle &
Barber,
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.
Table spoons : Mr. Greenwood.
Com. flagon, dated 1791 1 St John's, Mickle
gate, York.
Com. flagon, dated 1792 : Kirk Deighton,
Yorks.
Date-letter conjectured.
Table forks : Mr. Green-wood.
Date-letter conjectured.
Communion cup : Askham Bryan, Yorks.
Goblet: Mr, J.H.Walter, Drayton, Nor
wich.
Date-letter conjectured.
Com. flagon, dated 1798 : A\'arter, Yorks.
Table forks : Mr. Greenwood.
Plain cup : Mr. Bradford.
Tea sijoons : Mr. Lowe.
Gravy spoon : Do. do.
Date-letter conjectured.
Trowel : Mr. Colborne.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.
Communion cups : .St. Johns, Micklegate,
Y'ork.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.
Table spoon : Messrs. Robinson & Fisher.
Date-letter conjectured. iS
274

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON YORK PLATE.
TABLE X.
SIX STAMPS AS BELOW.

TOWK L[ON LEOPARDS HI NG-S
MARK. PASSANT. ^^HEAD ^ HEAD

DATE
LETTER.

MAKER'S MARK.

maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1812-3

a
Date-letter recorded.
1813-4
b
Do. do.
1814-5
t
Do. do.
1815-6
b
Do. do.
1816-7
e
Do. do.
1817-8
i
Do. do.
1818-9
®
CS
e
0
g]
G^
James Barber & \
Wm. Whitwell i
Com. flagon : St. Cuthbert's, York.
1819-20
b
Date-letter recorded.
SEO. IV,
1820-1
*
x
Do. do.
1821-2
\
Do. do.
1822-3
I
Do. do.
1823-4
m
Do. do.
1824-5
"
"
»i
»t
03
Era
Jas. Barber & Co.
Com. cup : St. John's, Micklegate,
York.
1825-6
0
Date-letter recorded.
1826-7
P
Do. do.
1827-8
q
Do. do.
1828-9
t
Do. do.
1829-36
jg
Do. do.
WM. IV.
1836-1
t
Do. do.
1831-2
u
Do. do.
1
1832-3
i)
Do. do.
1833-4
to
Do. do.
1834-6
•
t
Do. do.
1836-6
P
Do. do.
1836-7
z
Do. do.
The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

75

MARKS ON YORK PLATE.

T.ABLE XI.
SIX STAMPS TILL 1848, FIVE AFTERWARDS AS BELOW.

TOWK LION LEOPARDS
MARK. PASSANT ,„HEA^^

<)UEENS DATE HAKEBS
HEAD, LETTER. HARK.

maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

TILL
4010

VICT.

loto
1837-8
A
Date-letter conjectured.
1838-9
B
Do. do.
1839-40
C
Do. do.
1840-1
D
Do. do.
1841-2
E
Do. do.
1842-3
®
m
m
©
^
Pyl
James Barber &
Wm. North.
Com. cup: St. Maurice, York.
1843-4
G
Date-letter conjectured.
1844-5
H
Do. do.
1845-6
I
Do. do.
1846-7
K
Do. do.
1847-8
M
•'
"
••
Q
••
„
Com. cup ; St. Cuthbert's, York.
1848-9
M
Date-letter conjectured.
1849-60
N
Do. do.
1860-1
0
Do. du.
1851-2
P
Do. do.
1862-3
Q
Do. do.
1863 4
R,
Do. do.
1854-5
S
Do. do.
1866-6
T
Do. do.
1856-7
••
•'
'•
^
QD
James Barber.
Com. cup : St. Helen's, York.*
¦¦- There is at St. Michael-le-Belfry, York, a communion paten stamped with the same marks as
those on the communion cup at St. Helen's, except that the town-mark is not visible. These
examples are understood to have been amongst the last of the plate marked at York, as the office was
closed almost immediately afterwards.
The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

NAMES OF YORK GOLDSMITHS.
[from a.d. 1313 TO 1851.J
.-\RR,\XGED CHROXOLOGIC.-VLLY FROM THE LIST COMPILED BY
MR. R. C. HOPE, F.S.A.

Name of Goldsmith.

.-\dceWilliam William de
JohnJohn
John de
William de
Thomas de
John William
Henry de
John de
Thomas de
John de
William de
William
John de
ThomasRobert
John de
William
William
.'Vlan de
John
John
John de
John de
John de
Thomas de
Richard de
John de
Wakelenn William del
Warymebolt de
John Richard de
John Kobert de
HenryWilliam
John de
Thomas de
fiichard Peter
Henry de
HenryWilliam
John de

Munketon
Scaiceby Chester Custance
Cayne (Goldbeater)
Scardeburge
Hundmanby
Blackburn PownellHovinghara
Plena
Scarges WUberforce
Snaith
Haunb}' GaynellFforthWinter
Anghoo ColoniaHiUer
HillensameAlnwyck
Dray (Goldbeater)
RownellPinchbeck Upsale
Parish Clyff
Ede Grantham
WytteconWvke

John de
Robert
William
John

-Arlhum Cateby
Aselby
Symonet Pickering Wyman
SampsonColoniaMenseton
White Porter
Stroesburgh
Selander
FoxClyveland (Searcher, 141 1)
Ipswich (Goldbeater)
fiussellPorter
Chamberlayne

Earliest

Latest

Date

Free.

Date or

Found.

Death. ,

131J

I3141.333
13391340
134713491334

1

135313601361

1362

1365
1367
1368
1374

I37&

1384
13851386

13871388

1389
1390

1393

1394
1393

fl 1374

d 1430

di4"3
I d 1419

J 1393
1411

NwiL or GoLDSMr

Earliest I
Date I Free.
Found.

Thomas de
William de
'Thomas
Alan de
GilbertThomas
John
John de
Roger William
Henry
John de
HenryHenry

Thomas
John Robert Herman de
WilliamThomas
XicholasPeter
John
JohnJohn
John 'Thomas
ThomasWilliamBernard
Johannes
John Richard
John Richard
Walter William
John William
John
JohnJohn Thomas
William de
William
Dirik
Nicholas
John
John William

H")

Th wayte(Goldbeater)
Gatesheved
Fforester BedallColonia
t'osterDuchColonia Grandeson
Skyres (Searcher,
Frese
Berdnay
Fefe
Foster
Jonyn Wormod
.-llberwick
.Angowe
Barrv Tulk'(or Gull
Selar Holme
Slingsby BruyleWelling
BretonBeweParaunt
Bright .AppiltonTeesdale
I- femyndyn
Segerd ictus
" Hanse
WatsonWarterEllis^^'atel-s
Spendelulf o
Spendlove Duke Close
Snawsehill
Watson
Newland Wynoll
AtkinsonHalton -Appilton
Johnson Suldenev Dyk-e "
Rode
Frenland

1393
139b

1 1397
1398 I 1398

14001401

i

1399
1400
1402

1404
140714101411

1412
14131414
= 413
1416

1417
I 1419
I 1420

1420

1422
14231426 »)
1429

Latest
Date or
Death.

d 1395
d H33

141I

1411

I401
d 1402
d 1474

1421

1422
1440
di442
di437di465

1433

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

'¦11

Earliest

Latest

Earliest
Latest
Name of
Goldsmith.
Date
Found.
Free.
Date or
Death.
Name of
Goldsmith.
Date
Found.
Free.
Date or
Death.
Thomas
Rhoades
1429
Thomas
Marshall
1487
Herman
Horn
1430
William
Snawsehill
1488
William
Heend or 1
Heynde J
i.,r,7
John
Pulleyn or )
Polan /
„
fiobert
Hedwin
,,
Henry
Smith
John
Nevergest
I431
John
Colam
1485
I4S9
John
Dalburgh
143^
(Cullam)
Henry
Halton
1433
Thomas
Austin
1490
William
Snawsehill
I43&
William
Wilson
1344
yohn
Pudsey
1437
di458
(L'd Mayor 1513)
William
Pudsey
1472
John
H.ayster
,,
John 'Van
.'irstot
1438
Thonias
Custance
1493
Thomas
Whixley
1439
Alexander
Jameson
1495
John
Buck or Buk
1440
William
Newton
William
Stockton
1422
,,
Thomas
Bowes
1498
Thomas
Widder
''
Robert
Cure
1500
Xicholas
Colayne
Robert
Wells
„
Walter
John
Gorras Field
1442
1464
Rad
Polan orl
Pulleyn 1
1 501
1537
John
Close
d 1442
d 1467
(L'd May'r 1537)
William
JohnJohn Thomas Richard
Rotherham Eston
Nassing Erberry
Thwaites
1443
1444 '443
Michael
ThomasThomasfiichardRobert
Fennay
FrancisWilson Plompton
Hutchinson
1506
15021504
^^ancone-
George
Gale
1512
1357
Henry
honey
(Ld. Mayor 1534)
William
Goldsmith
1515
John
Colam
1448
William
Richardson
1517
'Thomas
Bispham
1449
Edward
Burton
Thomas
Robert
Skelton Bagot
1450
1452
Christophei
Weatley or 1
Wallis J
Beckwith
1518
John
Gillian
1457
Edward
1520
, amesohn
Symson Luneburgh
"
di458
Thomas
John Radus
Havton Bell
1325
Robert
Spicer
1458
Beckwith
15271529
d 1341
William
Goldsmith
1458
1517
Martin
Soza
ThomasThomasJohn
Wells Watson
Blackburn
1459
1460
1499
OswaldWilliam de
Richard
ChapmanChester
Pigott
153I 15331534
Thomas
John
Hawkes
Shingwell
1463
1462
Richard
John de
Bargeman Ulveston

Harmann
1464
1504
Richard
Brerey (Sheriff 1555)
1562
John
Gorras
,,
1485
John
Newland
d T465
l^awrence
Edmonson
,,
,,
BarthoTm'v
• Lampspring
1467
William
Hopperton
1537
Thomas
Osbalston
1468
fiobert
Wayter
1538
Roland
Jvirby
,,
Phillip
Caverd
154°
Thomas
Gray(L'd Ma\-or 1497)
"
1497
JohnJames, ohn
JohnRichard
Lund
Howsold
1542
1575
JamesRobert Christopher
Traves r)ick?on
Pudsey
1469
147-
Marie Harper
Crawfurth
15431545
William
(^mer
1.
Robert
Beckwith
1546
di585
l^eter Robert Harman
Andrew Harrington
Holdsworth
147314751476
JohnThomas
Bargeman .Symson (Searcher 1561)
1547
15881586
James
Symson
1477
George
Symson
1548
1583
William
Banes
147S
Richard
Sympson
1548
Robert
Hutchinson
.,
1506
Thomas
Hedwin
1550
John
Tyss or Tyson
,,
Robert
Mower
Thomas
Kirk
1479
Miles
Gamhell
^ ames
Kirk
I 48 I
1490
Robert
England
))
James
Simson
,,
Milo
Snaweshill
John
Dam
1482
Robert
Gylmyn
1593
Roger
Marshall
,,
(Searcher 1561)
William
Cook
i486
William
Williamson
155I
Wil lam
Preston
"
Christopher Hunton
n
di582
278

The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Namf. of Goldsmith.

RogerThomas RichardGeorgeWilliam Thomas
George RadfiichardRobertWiUiam
John tieorgeWilliam FrancisMark
Robert
Nicholas
JohnJohn Thomas
WilliamWilliam
William'Thomas
William Martyn du
Kenrick
WilliamPeter
JohnJohnJohnRichard
Joseph 'Thomas ThomasThomas
B.
George
William Henry
Thomas
JohnJohn Richard l-'rancis
John Leonard
Edward Christopher
William
RobertFrancis
John Henry
George
RogerThomasCharles
Peter
GeorgeWilliam

1584)

Thompson
Banks Walton
Gamhell Moorhouse
Blake Gylls EamonsonBellerby Denome
Todd SkeltonKitchen Rawnson Hodson or
Godson
Wray
Smith Richard
Stocke (Searcher
Bee
Hutton Colton
Foster (Searcher 1384)
Lord Waddie (Searcher 1383)
Hutchinson
Biggin (Searcher 1582)
Ducheman
Pearson (Searcher 1582)
Dangen
BeweRaylton
Moody
Bonyman Raylton
Howe Taylor
Turner SimsonGodson
Blake
Sproke
Pindar Bargeman
DickensonGylmyn
Johnson Share or Shaw
Beckwith Freeman
Harrington FrostWilUamson
Tempest
'ThompsonFrostPearsonHornsey
Kitchen Clarke
Pearson Clarke
Hutchinson

Earliest Date
Found.

1562

1571

1600

1604

15531554 15531556 1557
15581559

15601561
1562 1563I5&415631566
15681569

I571

1573 '374
1575
15761577
15801,583
1584'587
1589
1590159115951597
1599
1600
1601
1603
1604

Latest
Date or
Death.

dl572di567

1584

I57I
di597 1593

di'i82

di576d i5io
1609

di57i 1600

'575
1586
1583
1588
1590
d 1592
1638
d 1614
di6i8 1619

1623

N'ame of Goldsmith.

John Hewitson
Robert Casson
Symond Harrison
Christopher Mangy
George Lacy

SemThomasRoger
John
Jasper liobertWilliam
JamesJohn Robert
ThoniasGeorge
John Henry
William
JohnJohn Francis
John I'rancis
George
James FMwardThomas
GeorgeThomas
Richard
RobertWilliamRoger
Joshua Ffrancis

Casson
Waite
Bargeman
Waite F'oster
HarringtonHayton
Plummer F'rost
Williamson Harrington
Robinson Robinson
Wigglesworth
Sharpe Hall'Thomason or
'Thompson (Ld.lM.ayor, 1583.)
BryneLell
BrycePrince EllisWatson Cartwright
MangyFreemanWaiteClayton
PrinceCasson
Geldart
Buite

Earliest Date
Found.

1636

Christopher Heward

John HenryThomas
PhilemonRobertRobertWilliam

.Marmaduke Best

I'lummer
Mangy Clarke
MarshBiliffe
Williamson Waite

Thomas
Thomas
Richard Michael
Leonard
JohnRichardRichardWilliamThomas
Richard
Roland
James Isaac
John William
John Timothy
Henry
George

Aire or Arie
Oliver
l-'lummer
Plummer'Thompson CamidgeCliewe
Shewe iMascall
Mangy Waynes
Kirby ToddToddGeldartElsey
WilliamsonSmith
Lee
Mangy

i56o

1606

Latest
Date 01
Death.

16601664

1666
167I
1674
1675

1609
I6I2

1632

I6I3
I6I5I6I6

1635
di663

1617

diC47

i6ig
1622

di663

162316241626

di667d 1 642

16291631
1632

1633

di692

1634

)»

di640

16361637

163S

1672

16391640
1645
1648

di657
di663

1688
16501632
1672
di672
1653
1682
„
di689
1657
1702
1659
di698
1689
d 1 679
The York Goldsmiths and their Marks.

'¦19

Name of Goldsmith.

Christopher
John CharlesEdwardGeorge Edmund
John William Mark

WhitehiU OliverRhoades (Sheriff, 1694.)

Ward or
Waud
Gibson Maud
Smith Busfield Gill (Ld. Mayor, 1697.)

Charles

Cjoldsborough

Roger

South

Arthur

Mangy

W;illiam

Prince

Timothy

Plummer

'Thomas

Tomlinson

Richard

Marsh

Thomas

Reed

John

Best

William

Williamson

'Thomas

Waite

Clement

Reed

John

Langwith

Edward

Parker

Daniel

'Turner

Christopher WhitehiU

William

Bentley

, oseph

Buckle

lobert

Foster

John

Morrett

Thomas

Barber

Thomas

Parker

William

Hudson

John

Bentley

Michael

Bentlev

John

Busfield

Samuel

Todd

Valentine

Nicholas

Jonathan

.Atkinson

Osward

Langwith

Edward

Langwith

Stephen

Buckle

William

Nicholson

(alias Barbour)

Ambrose

Beckwith

John

Ellis

Richard

Cayley

William

Leake

John

Malton

Francis

Gatcliffe

Peter

GouUett

John

'Terry

John

Agar

William

Vincent

Richard

Norris

. ohn

Prince

slathew

Darbyshire

Richard

Clarke

James

Brogden

J oseph

Brogden

Edward

Seagrave

J,

Hampton & '

J.

Prince

Thomas

Hornby

John

Agar, jr.

Earliest Date
Found.

Free.

167

1695

'736

17401741 1748

1676 1(^77 ,f,7S1679 i(j8o1681 168416881689 1692'69316941698 16991700 1713 17151721

1725 1727173317351740

1753

1756175917601764177017711772 177317741776

1778 1782

Latest
Date or
Death.

16931694

1C.841695 17051697

d 1 696

di705

di693 1714
1733
di704

d 1 76 1
di7i9

1 74 1
172517411733 iSig

'75S17411758

17841758 17741807
1774 1784177418071784 18071784

1807

Namf. of Goldsmith.

CharlesRichard'ThomasWilliamGeorge WilliamJohn H, Thomas

AgarMortonHornby Astley
Cattle Etherington
AddisonPrince & Co.
Agar

Earliest Date
Found.

Jas. Bellamy Carlille
Etherington & Crossley
J. James Baker
Prince & Cattle

WilliamJames J.
JonathanJ.B. W. B.
RichardGeorge

Ashley
Barber
(Ld. Mayor, 1833)
Astley
Booth Booth
CattleBartliff

Goodman, Gainsford & Co,

William G.W. Robert
J- RobertRobert Francis L.
R. R. Gainsford & Co.
William Cay
Henry Watson
Christopher Watson
Joshua Potts
Isaiah Cresser
Jas. (or Jno.) Burrell

EUiot
Booth Booth Cattle & f
Barber j
Clarke
Cattle
(Ld, Mayor, 1841)
Agar Cresser Cadman&Co,

James Barber &
William Whitwell
Christopher Watson
William Cattle
Wm. Graves North

G.Edward
Jarnes David
John

Joshua Matthew-
John 'Thomas
John JohnJames William

Ad dwell
Jackson
Barber & Co.
Smith Whip
William Pulleyn or Polan
Robert Ellison PottsHickWhitwell
Robert Buck BeU, jr.
Barber & 1
North J
(dissolved partnership, 1847)
James Barber, "j
George Cattle & }
William North J
Thomas Parker

1784 1795 1805 1806 1807

(last Assay Maslei)

I

1814 18151816

181S18231S4O 1 841

Frpc.

1783

1784
178517S817891799 iSoi

180 =;

1807 1808 1809 1810181 1
1814 1816

1818 1820

1830

Latest
Date or
Death.

17S9 1830
1807

1806 18071819
d 1857
1823

1807 1810 18131814
di842

18301823 1851

184118301823

18231821

di823

1847

1831

>8o The Nonvich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

CHAPTER XII.
1-HE NORWICH GOLDSMITHS
AND THEIR MARKS.
Norwich Plate, As rcgards the ascertained antiquity of its plate Norwich approaches
excellence o't "" York vcrv closcly. But for the example of York-made ecclesiastical plate
design and J J
workmanship. of thc year 1563 recently discovered by the author at Todwick, it might
have been claimed for Norwich that some of its fully marked and
authentically dated plate was earlier than that of any other provincial
town in England. With reference to quality, the work of the sixteenth
century goldsmiths of Norwich is entitled to a place of still higher rank,
for in point of design and finish, much of the Elizabethan Norwich-made
made plate is fully equal to the best London-made plate of that period.
Goldsmiths in The Norwich records show that there were a great many gold-
from 1285. smiths working in Norwich from 1285 to 1306. No goldsmiths' names
appear to have been recorded in the next fortythree years, but we find
that in 1350 John de Horstede was made free of the city, that Robert de
Bumpstead received his freedom in 1366, Robert Rose his in 1399,
John Hynde and John Goddys were both free in 1409, Robert Boner
in 1418, John Nicole in 1419, and John Westwick in 1422. Norwich
was one of the cities appointed to have a "touch" in 1423. Thence
forward, with intervals of a very few years, an unbroken line of gold
smiths is chronicled right down to the end of the seventeenth centur}^.
The earliest existing references to the goldsmiths of Norwich as
a company or guild is contained in the lists of " Masters of Crafts "
preserved in the records of the Mayor's Court from which the following
entries have been extracted : —
D.\TE OF Entry. Names of Masters of the Goldsmiths' Cr.aft.
Midsummer 6. Eliz. (1564) WiUiam Cobbolde and William Rogers.
M 7 » (1565) Peter Peterson and William Rogers.
8 „ (1566) Peter Peterson and William Cobbolde.
), 9 M (1567) William Cobbolde and William Rogers.
,, 12 ,, (1570) Peter Peterson and George Fenne.
). 18 ,, (1576) George Fenne and George Tesmond.
,, 29 ,, (1587) Peter Peterson and George Fenne.

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks. 281
No further entries are found till Midsummer 20 Ja. I. (1622-3),
when the names of Philip Smith and Daniel Aynesworth are recorded.
After this date they occur regularly, but as a chronological list of Norwich
Goldsmiths is printed at the end of this chapter the names are not
continued here. Although by the Act of 1423 Norwich was appointed
to have a " touch," the guild of goldsmiths there either omitted to put the
provisions of that Act into operation or the Act was allowed to fall into
abeyance before the year 1565, when goldsmiths wrought wares of all
sorts of qualities as is shown by the following petition, preserved amongst
the Norwich Archives and brought to light by Mr. R. C. Hope, F.S.A,
"PRESENTED TO ASSEMBLY HELD DIE MARTIS 2do DIE OCT.,
7th ELIZ.® CORAM THO. SOTHERTON M.\iore.
To the Right Worshipfull i\/''- Mayor the Shreves Aldermen and common councell
of the Cittie of Nonvich.
In most humble wyse Sheweth and compleyneth unto yor worshippes your Petition of the
supplyants and daly oratours, the companye or fellowshipp of the Arte or Science NCnvici','to "he
of Goldesmethes w'''in the Cittie of Norwiche. Arrrmen','"nd'
That wheare(as) many and dyverse absurdytes and abuses have heretofore ofThec'it^'"°""^''
flowed among the said artificers aswell concernyng the unperfecte working of u^o"",,^.."],^'/"
ther works of gold as ther unfaithfuU working of ther works of svlver in souche tieen appointed
^ "^ - as required bv
base wvse and manner as the Ivke have no wheare be founde. ^'^"hiche things t'le law, whereby
¦ ^ preat abuses and
have happenvd not onlv for that no certeyne order, towche or Standerde have deceits had been
1,1" 1 1 i-1-r -1 practised, and
been hetherto appoynted or assynged unto the said artincers neyther yet agreid that no common
upon among themselves w"Mn the said cittie towching the manner of working of had been used"
gold and the directe fyness of silver whereby they shoulde or owght to worke fine'i.'ess'of"^
their workes of gold and sylver according to souch fideletie and trewth in that mighfbeknown

behalf as ben requyred by the Lawes of this Relme, and as hathe ben and yet ^¦s
used and practised in other Citties and Townes corporate w"'n the same Realme
by occasyon whereof some of the said artificers have wrf)ught ther works of golde
and sylver after one manner and fynes and som after an other, not according to
any perfecte manner and commendable fynes but so unperfectely and in souch
base wyse and sorte That the Queues maiesties subiects have ben thereby greatly
deceyved and abused to the greate defasing and slaundour of so famous and
worthy an arte or science as the same ys and to the greate reproche and ignorny
of souche as do use and frequent the said art w'in the said cittie. j But also for
that no good orders and constitucons have ben hetherto made and provided for
the dewe investigacon and serche of such abuses and for the condingne ponysshe-
ment and correccon of the same. .\nd for that no comon stampp or marke have
••¦¦¦ Tuesday, 2nd October, 1564. Mr. Cripps, in "Old English I'late," made the curious
mistake of assigning this petition to the year 1365, three days alter the date ol the Michaelmas
"ne.Kt following," on which it -was sought to establish the system of marking.
I This recital shows that notwithstanding the 2 Hen.'Vl. c. 14 of 1423 appointing Norwich to
have a " touch," the provisions of that Act had not been enforced: and that up to ijfi4 there had
been no adoption ot any standard mark for gold or silver wrought at Norwich.

and by whom
wrought.

282

Thc Nonvich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Praying that to
reform abuses it
might be
ordained that
from 29 Sept.
1565 gold should
be honestly
wrought under
a penalty to be
enforced by
distress.

From Sept. 2g,
1565. all works
of Silver to be
as good as the
Standard of the
Leopard's head
crowned.

.\ common
stamp of the
arms of the ( it\ ,
being the Castie
and Lion, to be
stamped on all
works of Silver
found good.

thereto ben used and occupyed w*in the saide cittie® whereby the saide works
of sylver made and wrought w'l'in the said cittie might be stamped and signed®
as well for the demonstracon of suche trew and perfecte fynesse as ought to be in
the same works of svlver as for a declaracon wheare the same works were made
ancl wrought ancl by whome. For reformacon whereof it may please yor
worshipps the premisses tenderly consideryd w"' the concent and assent of Mr.
Shreves and the cominaltie of this cittie yt may be ordeyned and decreid by this
present assembh' in manner and forme hereafter foUowyng.
In primis That every artificer of the seide arte of goldsmiths exercising the
.same w"'in the saide Cittie of Norwich and suburbs of the same shall from and
and after the feaste of Saynt Michaell tharchangell'j' next coming after the date
of this assembly as well by hymself as by his servants trewly and faithefuUy
worke according to Trewthe and honestie as well all souche works of gold as
he from tyme to tyme shall make and work of his owne golde as all souche
works of gold as otherwyse shalbe broughte unto hym to be made and
wrought by others of what fynes or goodnes so ever they be w"'out any maner
of imbasing impayring or otherwyse misusing of the same contrary to trewthe
and honestie and contrary to the Truste and confidens in hym reposyd in that
behalfe upon payne for every offence in that behalfe founde and taken by the
AA'ardens of the saide arte for the tyme being or presented unto them by any other
takyng and fynding the same to be fined by the saide wardens according to the
quality and qtiantitie of every souche offence as it shall seme good to ther
decrescions thone halfe of all whiche fynes to be to the Mayo'' of the said cittie
for the tyme being and thother to be to the use of the company of the saide arte
if the same offence shall be founde by the said wardens or to hym or them other
tlien the saide wardens that so shall fynde present and pursue the same, to be
levyed by M^ Mayors officer for the tyme being by waye of distresse of the goods
and cattails of every souche offendo" and if the same offendo^ do not paye the same
fyne w*in iiij dayes next after the takyng of souche distresse that then it shalbe
lawfuU to the said Mayo' or his deputie for the tyme being after thende of the
seide fower dayes to cawse the said distresse to be prised by iiij honest men
therupon to be sworne before the saide Mayo' or his Deputie and then to sell the
saide distresses and defalking souche sumes of money assessed for fine in that
behalffe oute of the price of the same distresse to delyver and render ageyne the
o^•erplus and resydew of the price of the same distresse to the owner of the same.
Itm That from and after the said feaste of St. Michell tharchangell
(Sept. 29) the standerde towching the fynes of sylver whereby the said artificers at
all tymes hereafter shall worke all ther works of sylver within the said Cittie and
suberbes of the same shalbe accepted reputed and taken to be of souche and
the same fynes and goodnes and better as the Standerde of the lyberds hedde
with the crownelf ys and hathe ben alwayes hetherto adiudged and not under the
same in enywyse and that a comon stampe or towche of the .'Vrraes or Ensigne of
the said cittie beyng the castell and the Lyon shall be provided to remayne in
the custody and keepyng of the wardens of the saide arte for the time" being

See note (f) on previous page.
t The date of the assembly being 2nd Oct., 1564, the next Feast of St. Michael (Michaelmas) -svas
29th Sept., 1565. -'
X The crowned leopard's head, which had been stamped on plate assayed at Goldsmiths' Hall,
London, from 1478.

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

28-

under two severall kyes whereof thone to remayne w"' one of the said wardens
and the other w"' the other warden to thentent to stampe therwithe all souche
workes of sylver and every of them as hereafter shall be made and wrought by the
saide artificers, beyng founde upon dewe serche thereof made by the said wardens
to be of such fynes and goodnes as is before resyted.
Itm That no artificer of the saide arte inhabit\'ng w"'in the saide cittie and
suburbes of the same shall from and after the saide feaste of Sainte Michaell
tharchangell work or cause to be wrought for them selves to thentent to put to
sale or for any other person or persons any kinde of work of silver beyng of the
weight of one oz. but he shall bring the same worke perfectly made and sett
together unburnisshed imto the saide wardens to be dewly serched and assigned
by them whether the same shalbe of the standerde and fynes before resited or no.
Upone payne to forfett for every oz. of suche worke or works so made put to sale
or delyvered to the owner or owners and not fyrst brought to the saide wardens
to be towched and assaied as is aforesaide xij'' thone half thereof to be to the
Mayo' of this cittie for the tyme beyng. And thother halfe to the wardens of the
saide arte or to such other person or persons as so shall fynde take and pursue the
same. And to be Levied in manner and forme as before ys resited.
Itm That the wardens of the saide arte for the tyme being upon the iuste
and manifeste profe and assaye by them made as is aforesaide upon every S(3uche
worke and workes so brought unto them by the maker and workers thereof shall
towche and signe the same worke and workes w"' the saide stampe of the
armes of the said Cittie taking for ther payment in that behalfe for every pounde
weight of any kinde of worke or workes of sylver too pence and so after that
rate more or lesse. .And if the said wardens shall refuse to towche and signe
with the said stampe the saide workes of silver so brought unto them beyng
found according to the standerde and fynes aforesaide or shall towche and signe
any of the saide works of sylver so brought unto them not being of the standerde
and fynes aforesaid the saide wardens to forfett as well for every pece of work so
by them refused to be towched and signed as for every pece of worke so by them
towched and signed contrary to the forme before resited ^•j^ viij'' the one moitye
thereof to be to the Mavo' of the Cittie for the tyme being and the other moytie
to hym or them that sliall fynde the saide defaulte and present and pursue the
same to be Levied in manner and forme before declared. And that if the said
wardens shall finde eny of the seide works of sylver eyther when they shalbe
browght unto them to be assaved and signed as is aforesaid or in any of the
shoppes or other places wheare the same shall happen to be made or wrought not
to be of suche standerde and fvnes as is before rememberyd that then it shalbe
lawfuU to the saide wardens at all tymes to breke suche works and every of them
in to peces according to ther discrecons.
Itm That every artificer of the same arte inhabiting w"'in the said Cittie
(being an occupier) shall have a severall punche or marke of such devise as he
shall thinke good to thentent to sett and stampe the same upon every pece of
worke of silver w^'' he shall hereafter make and after the same pece of worke
shalbe serched and stamped bv the saide wardens with the saide stampe of the
armes of the said Cittie. And that none of the said artificers shall sett ther owne
punche or marke upon eny pece of work so by them made and wrought before the
same shalbe stamped by the said wardens with the comon towch or stamp of
tharmes or ensigne of the Cittie as ys aforesaide.

After 29 Sept.,
15^5. no Silver
above one oz. to
be sold before
being assayed
and marl<ed as
" standard,"
under a penalty
of I2d. per oz.

The Wardens to
mark with the
cil\ stamp all
works assayed and
found according
to standard, and
to forfeit for
refusing to touch
or for stamping
work not being
standard, 6?. 8d.
per piece.

\Vurkbelowstandard to be
broken.

Every worker to
set his own stamp
on his work after
being assayed
and not before
under a penalty of
6s. 8d. for every
offence.

.\nd that everv of the saide

284

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Quarterly search
to be made b\-
the Wardens,
no artificer to
withstand the
search under a
penalty of ros.

The .\ssav
.M,

Oath.

artificers shall sett ther owne stamp upon the saide works so by them made after
the same shalbe stamped w"" the seid comon stampe of tharmes of the Cittie
upon payne to forfett for every tyme they shall offende in eyther of thes thinges
contrary to the forme before resited vj" viij'' whereof the one halfe shalbe to the
Ma}-o' of this Cittie for the tyme being. And thother halfe to the seid wardens
or suche other person or persons as shall fynde present and pursue the same to be
Levied in manner and forme before rememberyd.
Itm That the '\^^ardens of the same arte for the tyme beyng shall everv
quarter in the yeare at the least make diligent serche and inquisicon for the trew
investigacon and finding oute of all and singuler defaltes and offenses before
rememberid upon payne to forfett for every quarter of the yeare so omytting ther
dutie and office in that behalfe x'' thone halfe thereof to be to the Mayo' of the
Cittie for the tyme being and the other halfe to hym or them that shall fynde
present and pursue the same to be Levied in forme before resited. And that no
artificer or artificers of the said crafte shall lett withstande interrupte or by eny
meanes denye or geynsaye the saide wardens to com and enter into his shopp or
howse for the dewe serche and inquisicon of the premises upon payne to forfett
for every such offence contrary to the trew raeanynge hereof x^ thone moytie
therof to the Mayo' of the said for the tyme being. And thother moytie to the
saide wardens or souche other person or persons as shall fynde and diligently
pursue the same to be Levied in manner and forme afore declarvd."
This petition establishes the fact that no plate -was officially marked
at Norwich before 1565, and that the compulsory assaying and marking
of plate with the city arms (the lion and castle), and the maker's mark,
took effect as from the 29th Sept., 1565. No mention is made of the
date-letter, but as the earliest marked examples of Norwich plate have
date-letters A, B, C. D., etc., in regular rotation, and as there are in the
County of Norfolk a large number of communion cups* and patens
marked with the letter C, dated 1567 and 1568, it seems clear that the
use of a date-letter was commenced on the 29th Sept., 1565, and that it
was regularly changed at Michaelmas in each succeeding year. The
letter A therefore appears to have been used from Michaelmas 1565 till
the recurrence of that feast in the following year, each succeeding letter
having served for three months of one year and nine months of the next.
With reference to the assaying of plate, as established in 1565, the
following is extracted from the Mayor's Book, page 136 : —
"S.VY M.VSTERS O.-VTHE OF THE SHAKER SMITHS TR.VDE.
You shall sweare that you will well and truly execute the office of a Sav
Master to the Company of Silver Smitlies within the City of Norwich, & not set't
the stampe of the Rose and Crownef upon any Plate butwliat is according to the
standard. And allsoe doe & execute .\11 other matters c*t things relating to the
said Office according to your best skill (S: cuninge. So helpe you God."
No less than fifty have been found so marked, of which eighteen are dated 1567 and a dozen
dated 1568. '
t The mention of the "Rose and Crown" indicates that the date of this entry is later than 1374-3.

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks. 285
The following is from the " Norwich Liber Albus " — f. clxxvi : —
"THE OTHE OF THE STR.\WNGERS» GOLDES.MYTHES.
Ye shall swere That ye shall be feitlifuU and trewe to our liege Lorde the -piie oath of the
kingt and to his heyres K}-nges .\nd noo latten ne copper worke nor doo to ''^^^f^^l^,'^
worke whereby the king and his peopuU mighte be deceyved But ye shall worke boWs™''|«-
and doo to werke trewe golde and S}'lver that is to sale The goldeworke to be as
goode as the .Vlaye of the iiij* and noon worse .-Vnd the saide .S}lver worke to be as
goode as the money of our sovereign Lord the kyng. .Vnd all suche workes as ye
make, and doo to make, of golde and sylver, ye shall thereuppon set your marke to
you assigned by the wardens of the crafte or misterye of the Goldesmythes of the
cittie of London. And noo glasses ne counterfette Stones sette in golde contrary
to the goode Rewle and honeste of the crafte or misterye aforeseide. Alsoo if )'e
knowe any disceiptfuU worke of golde or s)'lver made or put to sale ye shall thereof
gyve knowleadge to your wardens as sone as ye goodly maye for amendement of
the same And that ye sette noo man a worke without he bring .\ Testymoniall
from the wardens that he is admitted and sworn as a brother. And all the goode
ordynaunces of the same crafte or mistereye of Goldesmythes made and to be
made not repealed ye shall kepe And the Secrettes and privyties of the same
crafte ye shall not discover ne tell. But as a goode man and obedyent to your
wardens ye shall behave you at all tymes soe healpe you God and hollidame by
this Booke." The list of names of Norwich goldsmiths at the end of this chapter
wUl be found to comprise aU those who are known to have worked in the
city from a.d. 1285 to 1702 ; as no plate was assayed there by virtue
of the 12 & 13 Wm. III. c. 4, it is unnecessary to extend the list further.
The goldsmiths residing in the city after 1700 are more likely to have
been dealers in plate than manufacturers, there being no evidence of any
plate having been made or assayed in Norwich in the eighteenth century.
The latest known Norwich-made plate is of the year 1697-8.
Much of the Norwich plate appears to have been luade in the jj^^,,, cow ,„
Dutch taste of the best period, and the names of the goldsmiths in many
cases suggest a continental origin. There was a colony of Dutch people
in Norwich, and the first mentioned Peter Petersen was called the
" Dutchman. "J He is found so described in the city records. He became
free in 1494 and worked in the city for a number of years before the
establishment of the "touch" there in 1565. His son (or grandson) Peter Peterson of
. Dutch descent.
Peter Peterson was apprenticed to John Basyngham, and was admitted
a freeman in 1553. He wrought plate for about fifty years, and died in
1602 at the age of 84, having made a bequest to " the poorest sort of the
¦•" Strangers working in the city not having been admitted freemen.
t This entry is not dated, but as the writing is not earlier than temp. Eliz., the " King ' referred
to must have been either Jas. I or Chas. I.
X Zachary Shulte (" indigena et alienigena") was another.

Norwich Town-
mark " a Castle
and Lion."

286 The Nonvich Goldsmiths and their Marks.
Dutch nation setUed in Norwich." This Peter Peterson was the most
celebrated of the Norwich goldsmiths of the time of Elizabeth, and
wrought a large quantity of plate which was highly esteemed for the
excellence of its design and workmanship.
In each line of the following tables (except where the date-letter is
stated to be "conjectured") the marks are represented \n fac-simile, as
found on the plate from which they have been transcribed.
It wiU be seen that the town mark,* (the castle and lion — the arms
of the city,) is practically unchanged from 1565 to 1575, from which date
until 1 58 1 no example has been found. The marks for 1581 have been
.transcribed from the silver mounts of a coker nut cup in the South
Kensington Museum. They are a rose crowned, a date-letter R, and a
maker's mark, consisting of a five-petalled flower. If the silver of this
cup is Norwich work, it is the earliest known example of Norwich plate
marked with the crowned rose. The cup appears to have been acquired
by the Museum authorities as an example of Norwich work, and is or
was described as such, but grave doubts have been expressed with regard
to its authenticity. It has been in fact repudiated by the best informed
of the Norwich collectors, and its marks are included by the author in
his Norwich tables solely on the representations of the South Kensington
authorities. The crowned rose bears a strong resemblance to that found
in the bowls of a great number of apostle spoons of circa 1600-40 of
Dutch origin, (which have been purchased by some unwary collectors
as Norwich spoons, whereas no authentic example of a Norwich apostle
spoon is known,) and it is quite possible that the Norwich collectors are
right in saying that the marks on the mounts of this cup are Dutch and
not Norwich, j-
First cycle of With refercncc to the date-letters, it is conjectured that the first
date-letters - _
commenced 1565. cyclc was ouc ol twcuty letters, as shewn in the tables, but this
assumption rests on no authority. It is merely put forward as being that
which is most probable, the only examples found being the A, B, C, D, E, G,
and K, of 1565-6 to 1574-5, and the doubtful R on the South Kensington
cup. As to the accuracy of the dates assigned to the letters in fac-simile
which precede K, there can scarcely be a question. All the subsequent
letters of the first cycle are however purely hypothetical, no example of
•¦•- More correctly "city mark," but the use of the generic term " town mark" is continued.
t The nut itself is admittedly " Dutch," it has however been suggested that the silver work was
probably executed in Norwich by a Dutch settler, but on that hypothesis the Dutch character of the
marks is still unexplained.

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks. 287
Norwich plate of a date between 1572 and about 1595 (if we exclude the
doubtful R of 1 581) being known, and there being no records which throw
any light on the subject.
With regard to the period intervening between 1585 and 1624, all Probawy no datc-
letters used from
that the author, after minute and long extended research, has been able to 'iSjtoif.^^.
discover, tends only to indicate the probability that no date-letter was
used, and that the marks which were used as town-marks were various.
The earliest examples of marks used in this period are found
on four beaker cups which formerly belonged to the Dutch church
at Norwich. They are three in number, repeated on each of the four cups,
and are illustrated in the following tables, in line with the date c. 1595.
The cups bear the incription : "The gift of Mr. Rychard Browne of Marks on the
beakers from thc
Heigham," the donor being a gentleman who was sheriff of Norwich in Norwich''""''''
1595 and died in that year, which gives us the approximate date of the
making of the cups. The marks are :
I. The lion and castle — a conventional heraldic castle, different
from that of 1565-74.
2. An orb and cross in a shaped shield.
3. A wyvern's head erased.
The second and third marks appear to be makers' marks and may
indicate that the cups were wrought by two goldsmiths working in
partnership.* The mark of the orb and cross is attributed to the great
Peter Peterson, but three forms of the orb and cross mark have been
found on Norwich plate, and it has been suggested that the mark of the
"great" Peter Peterson was the sun in splendour represented in the
following tables opposite 1566-7 and not the orb and cross. Mr. WiUiam
Minet, F.S.A., the present owner of two of these cups, said in 1897 with
reference to these marks :f
" The first is the Norwich City mark, which, as we have seen, dates the cups
as not earlier than 1565. The second is the maker's mark. Now in the collection
of plate which belongs to the Norwich Corporation is a cup stamped with the
Lion and Castle and the Orb and Cross in a shaped shield, with this inscription,
in cusped letters, round its edge : —
THE+MOST+HERE+OF+IS + DVNE+BY + PETER+PETERSON.

-¦¦ Another suggested explanation of the two makers' marks is that the cups ^\¦ere imported from
Holland in the " rough " or plain state, and that one of the two makers' marks is that of a Dutch
manufacturer, the other being the mark of the Norwich goldsmith who finished them. There is,
however, no evidence to support this suggestion.
f Notes on the Communion cups ot the Dutch Church at Nor\\ich. "Proc. Huguenot Soc.
London. Vol. 5."

288 Thc Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks.
It has generally been assumed that the history of this cup is explained by the
following entry in the Assembly Book, under date September 21st, 1574 : —
' This daye by the hole concent of this howse, at the humble suit request and
desyer of Peter Peterson of the sarne cittie, goldsmith, the same Peter Peterson is
dispensyd with and discharged from beryng the office of Shrevaltie and all other
offices within the cittie, only the office of Chamblyne excepted : for the w*^''
dispensacon the same Peter Peterson have agreed to geve one standing cupp gylte
of the weight of xv. oz. and xl'' in money, to be payed in forme following,
viz., xx" between this and the purificacon of o' Lady next ; x" at Michelmas next
after that, and the other x" that tyme twelvemonths.'*
It has very generally been assumed that the cup now in the possession of the
Corporation, is the cup referred to in this entry ; but, unfortunately for this
theory, the existing cup weighs 310Z. adwts., or just double the weight of what
may be called the ransom cup,| and the two can only be connected by crediting
Peterson with great generosity (unless some subsequent arrangement was made
for the acceptance of the extra weight of silver instead of a part of the money
agreed to be paid). :|:
The fact remains, that we have a cup of Norwich make with the Orb and
Cross in a shaped shield, the inscription on which declares the greater part of
it to be the work of Peterson : it would seem therefore but reasonable to attribute
the beakers from the Dutch Church to him also. The discovery and publication
of Peterson's will has, however (to some minds):]; imported a considerable element
of doubt into the matter. §
This will bequeaths specifically a large amount of plate, and much of what
is so bequeathed is identified as having the ' sonne ' on it. This caused the
suggestion to be made that the 'sonne,' and not the orb and cross, was Peterson's
mark. A good deal, however, turns on the exact way in which the ' sonne ' is
spoken of in connection with these pieces. In the will many spoons are mentioned
as having ' knoppes of the sonne ' ; others have ' the knoppe of the sonne, and are
graven and guylt on the back side w"' the sonne.' Again we find a ' tankard of
silver graven \\-ith the sonne,' a ' cup with a cover, of London tuch w='' cover
hath the sonne mentioned in the top thereof with the goldsmith's arms graven
upon it' ; a ' silver pot graven upon the co^-ers w"' the sonne, the Lion and
Castle of Norwich tuch, of my own making.' In addition to the silver

so

bequeathed, mention is also made of a 'garnish of pewter marked with the
sonne,' and a ' half garnish ' marked in the same waj-. In none of these
instances, however, is the sun spoken of as being the maker's mark. On the
/' '¦ History and Description of the Insignia and Plate belonging to the Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens
° . -, . j-^' "I i\or\Mch: Norwich, 1890, 17." In the same collection is another example of plate,
attributed to Peterson, known as the Reade .=alt, date about 1568, and stamped with the Lion and
Castle, and the Orb and Cross; but the latter is in a lozenge, and not in a shaped shield, as on
these cups. ^
1 -t "f'°^^^°''^^'°^ ^'l^',^ '''"'^ Insignia of office of the Cities and Towns of England and Wales. 1,1.
Jewitt c^ W. H. St. John Hope, London, 1895; ii, 189. Nor can the existing cup be the one
bequeathed by Peterson to the Corporation (though in this case the weights more nearly correspond),
lor this latter IS specified in the will as of 'London tuch.'" J 1 ;¦
X The words in parentheses are the Author's and not Mr. Minet's.
§ "Nor Arch., xi, 259." A paper by C. R. Manning, F.S.A. The will is in the Norwich Arch
deaconry ; 1603. fo. 190.

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks. 289
contrary it may well be argued that it was more in the nature of a badge or crest.
It will be noticed for instance : —
I. That the sun is always spoken of as 'graven,' while a maker's mark
would be punched.
2. The sun was, in the instances quoted above, admittedly used otherwise
than as a maker's mark ; the spoons, for example, have it for a 'knoppe' or seal
end. 3. In the case of cups having covers, the sun is expressly stated to be ' graven
on the cover,' whereas we should expect the maker's mark to be punched both
on the cup and cover, being separate pieces.
4. In one case we are distinctly told of a cover which ' hath the sonne
mentioned in the top thereof w* the gold-smith's arms graven on it ' ; the
inference being, that the sun and the arms were both treated in the same way, the
arms being evidently graven and not punched.
5. A cup, of London 'tuch' (and therefore not likely to be Peterson's work),
has the sun graven upon it.
6. The pewter, (and we have no evidence that Peterson was a pewterer,) also
has the sun on it.
7. Lastly — and this is important as proving what seems clear from the
other cases, namely, that the sun was at any rate used otherwise than as maker's
mark— a bequest of coals is directed to be distributed by means of leaden tokens
stamped with the sun.
So far as all this goes, it might fairly be argued that the sun ^vas used by
Peterson merely as a badge ; and that the absence of any mention in his will of
the orb and cross does not exclude the possibility of his having used this as his
craft mark. Hence, if the question could be left here, it might be assumed, on
the evidence of the Corporation cup, and notwithstanding the silence of the will,
that the Dutch church beakers were from his workshop. We have, however, one
further piece of evidence, which supports the surmise arising from the will, that
the sun was Peterson's mark. In the Churchwardens' Accounts for the parish of
St. Margaret, Norwich, is an entry under date 1567 : ' p'' to Peter Peterson y'= gold-
smyth for making y" comunyon cuppe — and for making y^ cover.'* This cup still
exists, bearing the date 1568, and for maker's mark, a full human face surrounded
by rays, known heraldically as a head affrontee, and often used as the conventional
representation of the sun. Here, then, we have a piece of plate identified as
Peterson's work, bearing the mark which his will has told us he certainly used
for some purposes, and, moreover, of about the same date as the Dutch cups.
In the sixth edition of ' Old English Plate ' it is suggested, on the
authority of a communion cup at Haddiscoe in Norfolk, that the orb and cross
mark may have belonged to John and Robert Stone ; but the mark on that cup is
in a plain angular shield with a pointed base. The orb and cross mark is
a common one in the county, some twenty instances of it being given in
' Norfolk Archaeology ' ;t most of these are however in a lozenge, while the mark
on the beakers is in a shaped shield."
It remains to be sugges'ted that Peterson used both marks, the sun The Marks of
Peter Peterson.
as well as the orb and cross, and that John and Robert Stone may have
¦••¦¦ " Norf. .4rch. X. 92, 392." The cup has a further mark, viz., a trefoil slipped.
t Do. dn. X. 95. 19

290

The Nonvich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

used the orb and cross within an angular shield to differentiate it from
the mark of the same description used by Peterson. That the orb and
cross in a shaped shield as found on the " Ransom " cup of the Norwich
corporation was the mark, or at least one of the marks, of Peter Peterson,
(in view of the contemporary inscription on the cup represented below)
cannot be denied, and that the four beakers from the Dutch church at
Norwich were also the work of Peterson, or were made in his work
shop under his eye, a comparison of the work on the respective pieces
forces one to admit. In the character ofthe lettering the following points
of simUarity may be observed : the manner of the bifurcation of the limbs
and the bulbs across them ; the conjunction of the letters H and E, and N
and E respectively, and the dip in the centre of the cross bar of the H.
These coincidences are in the circumstances too remarkable for any other
explanation than that the inscriptions were in both cases engraved by or
under the superintendence of the same goldsmith. In comparing the
lettering, allowance must of course be made for the difference in size of
the " Ransom " cup and the Dutch church beakers ; the size of the
letters in each case being commensurate with the size of the vessel.
The large-size inscription illustrated in the first two lines below is
reproduced from the " Ransom " cup, around which it runs in one
continuous line, the smaller letters in the third line are reproduced
from the beaker in the possession of Mr. W. Minet. In both cases
the letters are reduced to a common scale of -9*= linear.

It is submitted that the " Ransom " cup of the Norwich corporation
and the four beakers from the Dutch church all emanated from Peter
Peterson's "shop," and that therefore the mark of the orb and cross in a
shaped shield was his mark. The author is also of opinion that the
standing salt of the year 1567-8 belonging to the Norwich corporation,
with the orb and cross mark in a lozenge ; the communion cup at Diss of
of the year 1565-6 with the same mark, and the standing cup of the year
1566-7 with the "sun in splendour" mark, are also Peterson's, and that

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks. 291
the only orb and cross mark, iUustrated in the following tables, which is
not Peterson's is that in an angular shield with pointed base on the
communion cup at Haddiscoe. The author has had the opportunity of
consulting several of the best known collectors of Norwich plate with
reference to these marks, each of whom agrees with the opinion here
expressed. Returning to the consideration of the remainder of Table II. we find The crowned ro.e
mark.
that the second and third lines are very remarkable. The four marks
in the second line occur on a seal-top spoon in the collection of Mr. J.
H. Walter, of Drayton, Norfolk. They are : (i) The newly introduced
mark — the double-seeded rose crowned — struck in the bowl and on the
back of the stem ; (2) an indistinguishable mark — probably a maker's
mark — and (3) and (4) two London Hall-marks, viz., the lion passant and
date-letter (the Lombardic n) for the year 1610-1. The three marks in London marks on
Nor%vich-made
the line immediately below are found on a seal-top spoon belonging to spoons oii6io-r.
Mr. H. D. Ellis. The first is a rose-sprig in a shield-shaped punch, struck
in the usual place in the bowl, the second is the same mark — somewhat
worn — on the back of the stem, and the third mark is the same form of
lion passant as that struck on Mr. Walter's spoon. There is no date-letter
on this spoon, but the lion passant being of that particular type found
only from 1610-1 to 161 7-8, must have been struck at, or shortly
after, the time when the lion was struck on Mr. Walter's spoon.
The following explanation of these London marks on Norwich-made
spoons is suggested by the author : There is no evidence ofthe existence of
any regular system of assaying and marking plate at Norwich between
1584-5 and 1624-5, ^i^d no record ofthe election of any officers between
1587 and 1622. In all probability there was no official "touch" in the
interval, and the excellent system inaugurated in 1565 had fallen into
abeyance, so that in the absence of a local " touch," anyone who required
his plate to be Hall-marked would be obliged to get it assayed in London.
Thus the Norwich marks found on Norwich-made plate of the period
under consideration were in no sense " Hall marks," but merely the
marks struck by the makers, the lion passant and date-letter having
been struck at Goldsmiths' HaU, London, in 1610-1, when the spoons
were assayed there. This however, while being the obvious explanation,
has no documentary evidence to support it.
The last line of marks in Table II. occur on another of Mr. Walter's
seal-top spoons ; they are the crowned rose and castle-over-lion marks.

292 The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks.
(resembling those on the communion flagon of 1627-8 at St. Simon and
St. Jude's, Norwich), and for maker's mark a lion rampant in shaped shield,
as illustrated in Table III. at 1632 and 1634. Because the castle and
crowned rose marks resemble those of 1627 rather than the later
examples, its date is ascribed to about 1620-7.
The crowned rose TaWc III. (1624-44), prcscuts a fairly regular cycle of date-letters,
mark, -whence . .
adopted? ^\\ in elaborately shaped shields, and the crowned rose is seen to have
been regularly used during this period, probably as a standard mark.
It is in no sense a maker's mark, since it appears on every piece of plate
mentioned in that table no matter by whom made. How the rose
crowned came to be adopted as a Norwich mark the author is unable to
determine. It has not been found on any plate of the first cycle, with
the exception of the mounts of the South Kensington coker nut, and its
use in the reign of a Stuart can scarcely have been because it was a
Tudor badge, as is sometimes suggested. Its first appearance on the
Dutch work of the South Kensington coker nut cup suggests the question
— was the mark introduced from Holland ? In view of the fact that it
is very like the Dordrecht mark, and that there was constant communi
cation between Norwich and Holland, the answer is probably in the
affirmative. With reference to these marks, several errors occur in " Old English
Plate." (i) "That the crowned rose appears on apostle spoons of the
reign of Charles I." No instance is cited and, as a matter of fact, the
existence of a Norwich-marked apostle spoon of any date is unknown.
(2) "That the castle mark of 1627 and later years is altered from the rudely
outlined building on older stamps into a tower of the conventional
heraldic pattern," whereas the castles represented from 1627 to 1635 are
as rude as they possibly could be, and from 1628 to 1635 they appear
more like a small kennel placed over a large dog's head and tail than a
castle and lion, either natural or conventionally heraldic. Again, the
maker's mark on the communion cup dated 1632, at Great Melton, Norf.,
is not " two horses passant and counterpassant, the one surmounting
the other,"* but a pegasus, as on the communion flagon of 1627 at
St. Gregory's, Norwich.
It would be interesting, if it were possible, to ascertain how the
regularity of the cycle 1624-44 was brought about. The municipal
records contain a minute to the effect that at a "Court held 29th May,
¦=¦ See " Old English Plate," 6th Ed., 93.

Probably from
Dordrecht.

Use of date-letter
resumed 1624.

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks. 293
9 Jas. I. (161 1) a proclamacion from the Counsell was delivered concerning
goldsmythes," but whether it had reference to plate being sent to London
to be "touched," or to the system which had been established in 1565
having fallen into abeyance, is not stated. We are therefore left to con
jecture that before 1624, abuses and deceits had again been practised,
and in order to stop them, some regularity of procedure was in that year
re-established. We have the fact that while there are no records of
the election of officers between 1587 and 1622, it is recorded that in
1622-3 Philip Smith and Daniel Aynesworth were elected as Masters or
Wardens of the Norwich goldsmiths ; and for a number of years after
wards these officers were regularly chosen and authentic assays made.
No plate has been found by the author for any one of the first three
years of the cycle 1624-44, hut there is an entry in the municipal
records to the effect that on the last day of July, 1624, a mark viz., the
castle and lion, was then delivered to the wardens and "searchers" of
the trade of goldsmiths. The author has found plate marked with the
D of 1627-8, the E of the following year, and all the succeeding
letters from 1632 to 1642, with only two exceptions, and the pricked
or engraved dates on the respective articles agree so well with the date-
letters that it may be regarded as an established fact that the cycle was
commenced with the letter A in 1624. That it was continued down to
and including the T of 1642-3 is also proved, but whether it stopped
there, or was continued to and terminated with the V of 1643-4, as is
conjectured, or was continued to Z, as it may have been, it is, in the
absence of further information, which appears at present unattainable,
impossible to say.
Before leaving the consideration of the third table, particular
attention must be directed to the two lines of marks which are placed
above the fourth table. The three marks in the first line are on a small
beaker similar in design to the four beakers from the Dutch church at
Norwich. It belongs to Mr. Wm. Minet, F.S.A. — who has favoured the
Author with the following remarks. After pointing out that the interest
lies not so much in the resemblance of the cup to other Norwich-made
cups of beaker shape as in the marks it bears, which are : a lion's face
or mask, a monogram formed of the letters T S, and the date-letter T,
the learned antiquary proceeds :
" It is obvious that the monogram is identical with the one on the Yarmouth
cup and may equally be claimed for Timothy Skottowe. If this be so we may

Mark of a lion's
face.

294 The Nonvich Goldsmiths and their Marks.
assume that the T is the Norwich date-letter for 1642, though we do not find what
we should expect, namely the Norwich town-mark of the lion and castle with or
without the crowned rose. In place of these we have a lion('s face) which I am
unable to identify in connection with Norwich or indeed to account for it in any
way. A comparison of the Skottowe and Yarmouth cups will show conclusively
that they are from the hand of the same artist, the character of the work being
exactly similar in both."
It may be added that the date-letter and maker's mark are
also identical with those on a seal-top spoon bearing the Norwich marks
of the castle and lion and rose crowned, sold at Messrs. Christie's in
1902. In the line immediately above Table IV. are four marks found on a
small spouted mug in the possession of a Norwich dealer. Here we see
the same lion's face, the T S monogram of Timothy Skottowe, and a date-
letter G (the Norwich date-letter for 1 630-1) together with a fourth
mark — a fleur-de-lys. The explanation, suggested by the author, of the
appearance of the fleur-de-lys, which one naturally associates with
Lincoln, is as follows : — In the table of Lincoln marks, to be found
on a subsequent page of this book, the twelfth line consists of three
marks transcribed from Puritan spoons of about 1640, belonging to the
Mercers' Company, London, and the South Kensington Museum. These
three marks are the T S monogram, the fleur-de-lys, and the letter
G, almost (and allowing for work and wear one might say quite,)
identical with the three corresponding marks on the spouted mug.
That the similarity of these can be due to accident is scarcely possible,
and the only explanation which occurs to the author is one which at
present he is unable to verify, viz., that Timothy Skottowe may have
carried on business simultaneously both at Norwich and Lincoln. Even
if this were proved, the lion's face, in regard to which the author has no
suggestion to offer, is still left unaccounted for.
No date-ietter Aftcr 1 643 UO datc-letter is again found until 1688. In the interval
lound between
.643 and ,688. marks of several kinds were used, and plate of that period is for the
most part stamped with four marks, consisting of the castle and lion,
a crown on a separate stamp, a rose-slip also on a separate stamp, and
a maker's mark usually composed of two letters, generally conjoined.
The fourth table covers to a great extent the period in question. The
first line of marks in this table (set opposite the date c. 1645) were found
on a seal-top spoon belonging to the late Mr. W. Boore. In this case
the marks are three only : a very curious kind of rose with a rosette in
the centre and four pellets round it, a castle incuse, and a maker's mark

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks. 295
also incuse, the last being a representation of the sun in splendour, some
thing like the mark ascribed to Peter Peterson,* but without the face in
the centre. The next line of marks occurs on a baluster-top spoon in the
coUection of Mr. J. H. Walter. The first of these marks is a rose,
in form closely resembling that immediately above it, the second a five-
petalled single rose incuse, the third a radiated crown also incuse
unlike any other crown ever seen on Norwich plate, and the fourth the
maker's mark (A R conjoined) which the author is unable to fit to a name.
The spoon was in the possession of a Norwich family for several
generations before it was acquired by Mr. Walter. In Norwich it has
always been beheved to be a Norwich spoon, and there appears to
be no doubt as to its authenticity. The other marks in this table vary so
much that it might be suggested that every individual maker struck all
the marks on his own plate with his own puncheons, and that none were
struck by a duly authorised "searcher." In seven examples there are varietyofcontemporaneous
no less than five descriptions of roses, one being a single rose, the others ^°™t'o'\fX'''
rose-slips ; and in the whole table, consisting of eleven examples, six sorts
of castle marks, and five sorts of crowns occur. It is worthy of note
that the rose crowned is never found in combination with the rose-
slip. The control ofthe craft during this period (1645-80) must, if any
control existed, have been indifferently exercised, and the records cannot
have been consistently kept, if kept at all. It is possible to identify one
goldsmith (Thomas Havers) of this period, by his initials, not from any
of the records of the craft, but because of his description on being
appointed sheriff in 1701 and mayor in 1708.
The fifth and last table or group of marks presents indications of
some spasmodic efforts having been made to resuscitate a regular system More regular
of Hall-marking. In 1688 a new cycle was started with a small black- resumed imbss °
° -' -which lasted till
letter fl and continued with b — probably C also, although the author has Jerminat'e'd.''
found no example of that letter — and ^, after which until 1696, the exis
tence of date-letters is merely conjectural, no letter having been found
between the X) of 1691, and the Roman capital I of 1696 which was
followed lastly, so far as is known, by K in 1697. Apart from the
eccentricity in the choice of date-letters in this cycle, the other marks
from 1689 shew an amount of consistency not apparent in the preceding
thirty-five or forty years.
"> See Table I. at 1566-7.

296 The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks.
The Act of 1697 prevented the Norwich goldsmiths from continuing
to work under the old regime, and there does not appear to have
been sufficient vitality amongst the few who survived in 1701 to
take advantage of the Act of that year, whereby they were enabled, had
they been so disposed, to re-establish an assay office. Being unable or
unwUling to do so, with the end ofthe 17th century the existence of the
craft of Norwich goldsmiths, as a working body, also ended. It is
recorded that one Robert Hartsonge was sworn in as assayer on Jul}^
1st, 1702, but there is no record that he ever assayed any wrought gold
or silver, or that any was wrought in Norwich after his appointment.
The marks on wrought gold assayed at Norwich were the same as
on plate. The Author cannot conclude this Chapter without acknowledging
his indebtedness to Mr. J. H. Walter, of Drayton, Norfolk, and to
Messrs. Walter Rye and Theodore Rossi, of Norwich, for their valuable
assistance in the collecting of many of the facts here recorded and in
the compilation of the following tables.

The Nonvich Goldsmiths and
MARKS ON NORWICH

their Marks. 297
PLATE.

1569-6
1566-7 1567-8
1568-9
1569-70 1570-1
1571-2 1572-3
1573-4
1574-5
1675-61576-7
1577-8
1578-9
1579-80 1580-1
1581-2
1582-3
1583-4
1584-5

TABLE I.
THREE STAMPS AS BELOW.

CISTLE OVER UON.

DATE MAKER'!
LETTER, MARK.

ROSE
CROWNED.

ms
EDm F
13 H I
m L
M N O
P
Q
Cl s
T
V

^

® 5

UESCRIPTIO-\- OF MAKER S
MARK.

Orb and cross iu lozenge.
Sun in splendour.
Orb and cross in lozenge.
Maidenhead in shield.
Flat fish in oval.
Estoile of si.K cur\-ed ravs.

Trefoil slipped.
Orb and cross in plain
shield.

Orb and cross in shaped
shield.

Orb and cross, as 1571-

artici.es .WIl OWXERS.

Communion cup : Diss, Norfolk, (n)

Standing cup : South Kensington
Museum. (/))
Communion cup, dated 1567': Bres-
yngham, Norfolk, (c).
Communion cup, dated 1568 :
Northwold, Norfolk, (rfj.
Communion cup, dated 1568: St.
Martin-at-Oaic, Norwich, (e).
Communion cup, undated : Beigh-
ton, Norfolk.
Communion cup, dated 1570: St.
Stephen, Norwich, (j)
Communion cup, inscribed " .Made
by John Stone and Robert
Stone"- Haddiscoe, Norfolk.
Date-letter conjectured.
Mounts of stone-ware jug: Mr. W.
Boore.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.

Flower ot five petals.

Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.

Date-letter

conjectured.

Do.

do.

Do.

do.

Do.

do,

Do.

do.

Do.

do.

Mounts of coker nut cup : South
Kensington .Museum.
Date-letter conjectured.

Do.

do.

Do.

do.

(a) Also communion cup : St. Saviour's, Norwich.
(6) This maker's mark is also on Norwich Corporation plate of 1567-8 ; and communion paten :
.Aylsham, Norfolk.
(c) Also standing salt : Norwich Corporation ; communion cups ; St. Peter Mancroft, and St. Mary
in Coslany, Norwich ; and Bylock and Pulham, Norfolk.
{d) Also communion cups at Earsham, Newton, Booton, Skeyton, Oulton and Cawston, Norfolk.
(e) Also communion cups at Sail, Winfarthing and Willingham, Norfolk.
(f) Also communion cups of 1567-8 at Erpingham, Beeston Regis, and Gissing, Norfolk, and
Wenhaston, Suffolk, and of 1568-9 at Stockton, Norfolk.

298

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

.MARKS ON NORWICH PLATE.

TABLE II.
stamps various as below.

date
(about.)

1S9S

0X
© SS OS

o

%

DESCRIPTION OF MAKER S
MARK.

Orb and cross, and
wyvern's head erased.

Indistinguishable,

Lion rampant.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Four beakers, from the Old Dutch
Church, Norwich, now in the
possession of Mr. Wm. Minet,
F.S.A., and Mr. R. J. Colman.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. J. H, Walter.

Seal-top spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

Seal-top spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.

In order to appreciate the marks illustrated in the precedmg and
succeeding tables, it is necessary to read the few pages of letterpress
with reference to the Norwich Goldsmiths and their marks, where
observations are made in explanation of the absence of a date-letter
and the irregularity of the marks found on Norwich plate of the period
covered by this and the fourth table.
In Table III., on the foUowing page, the date-letters D of 1627-8
E of 1628-9, K of 1633-4, and S of 1641-2, are, with the other marks
in line with them, now for the first time represented. The author is
indebted to Mr. J. H. Walter of Drayton, Mr. A. D. George, the vicar of
Aspall, and the Marquess of Breadalbane, the respective owners of the
plate on which such marks have been found, for having placed the several
articles mentioned in the Table at his disposal for the purpose of this
work, whereby he has been enabled to represent xn fac simile the marks
which they bear.
•* These marks are in part only those of Norwich, the lion passant and date-letter being London
Hall-marks. °
t The third mark in this line is much worn and nearly obliterated. It may have been a date-
letter, possibly the C of 1626-7, but it is too indistinct to be assigned with certainty to any particular
year. Ihe maker s mark, a lion rampant, will be found repeated in the following Table at i6^^-^
and 1634-5. " -'" -^

1624-51625-6
1626-7
1627-81628-9
1629-30 1630-1 1631-2
1632-3
1633-4
1634-5
1635-61636-7
1637-8
1638-9
1639-40 1640-1 1641-2
1642-3 1643-4

The Nonvich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON NORWICH PL./\TE.

299

TABLE 111.
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW.

OVER -„fS,iH„. DATE MAKER'S
LION CROWNED. LETTER. MARK.

A B
CF
13 H
%
M
IP Q
V

ES

description of
maker's mark.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

n

e

X

A pegasus.
A pelican in her piety.
W. D. conjoined.
A pegasus.
A lion rampant.
Arthur Heaslewood.
A lion rampant.
k crowing cock*
(Herald ofthe Morn.)
fTimothy Skottowe.
V pelican, see above.

A crowing cock,--' see
abo^-e.

Timothy Skottowe.
A tower incuse.
D.
fTimothy Skottowe.®

Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Com. flagon : St. Gregory, Norwich.
Seal-top spoon, dated 1629 : Mr. k.
D. Creorge.
Date-letter conjectured.
f Tall flagon : Norwich Corporation.
(Seal-top spoon ; Mr. .1. H. Walter.
Date-letter conjectured.
Com. cup : Great Melton, Norfolk.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Com. cup : .Aspall, Suffolk.

Com. cup : S. S. Simon & Jude,
Norwich.
Date-letter conjectured.

Seal-top spoon : Burlington Fine
.Arts club Exhibition.
Beaker, dated 1G3S, from a Congregational Ch.
Great Yarmouth : Messrs. Rossi & Son.
Seal-top spoon, pricked 1637 :
Mr. J. H. Walter.
Com. paten : Skevton, Swanton-
Abbot, Norfolk.

Com. paten : Riddlesworth, Nor
folk.
.Mounts of coker-nut cup : The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K G,
Com, paten: S. Etheldreda, Nor
wich,
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Cliristie.
Date-letter conjectured.

Crowing cock rising from pot or skillet (old legend).
t These marks should be compared w-ith the two lines of marks on the following page, above
Table IV; and the observations in the preceding pages with reference to them should be read.

;oo

The Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON NORWICH PLATE.

ANOMALOUS MARKS OF ABOUT 1640 TO 1650.

DATE
(aboutJ.

.MARKS, maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OW.NERS.

1648
16S0

1
W*# %af ll 1 Timothy Skottowe (?)

Beaker : Mr. Wm. Minet, F.S.A.
Mug found in Norwich : submitted to the
author by Mr. J. H. 'S^'alter.

TABLE IV.
FROM ABOUT 1645 TO ABOUT 1680. MARKS VARIOUS AS BELOW.

C 1645

-.1650

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

<8>

tt It

tt 11

1661
tt 1662
.. 1670
»> t » «» tl

16751676

^ # ®

@ @ @i

tt tt

?t n

" a
0 @ @ iSi

Seal-top spoon : Mr. W. Boore.
Seal-top spoon, pricked 1650 : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Beer jug : Mr. J. Dixon.
Communion cup, dated 1661 : Southwold, Suffolk.
Communion plate : Bishop's Palace Chapel, Norwich.
¦•¦'Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. J. H. Walter.

® Do. do.

do. : Do.

do.

f Communion paten : St. Peter's Hungate, Norwich.

f Flat-top tankard, dated 1676; Messrs. Christie.
f Communion paten, dated 1679 St. Peter's,
Mountergate, Noi-wich.

Seal-top spoon ; Mr, A, D. George.

X Communion cup, dated 1680 : East Dereham,
Norfolk.

¦¦•¦' This maker's mark is probably that of
t Maker's name : Thomas Havers.
X the marks on this cup are inaccurately

\rthur Heaslewood.
represented in " Old English Plate,"

The Nonvich Goldsmiths and their Marks.

\oi

iMARKS ON NORWICH PLATE.

T.ABLE \'.
FROM I68S TO 1697. FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW.

ROSE
CROWNED.

CASTLE OYER LION.

1693
1694

1697

DATE
LETTER.

5

MAKER'S MARK.

E FG
H
Q
i3

@

MAKER S NAME,

Thonuis Ha\ers.
Thomas Havers.
James Daniel

James Daniel.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
Beaker ; Messrs. Christie.
Tankard : Mcijor H. S. Marsham.
-
Date-letter conjectured.
CoumiLinion flagon, dated 1694:
St. Michael's-at-Plea, Norwich.
.Alms-dish & basin* : St. Stephen's,
Norn-ich.
Small mug ; .Messrs. Christie.
Communion cup, dated 1694 .
Stockton, Norfolk.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do.

Do.Do.

do. do.

Spoon, ikit stem, trihd end : .Messrs.
Spink.

Beaker, pricked 1697

D.I

Beaker and spoon; Mr. J. H. Waller.
Mug, wilh handle : Do. do.

B. 1697

Castle as 1688,
no date letter.

Trilid spoon : .Mr. Arthur Irwin
Dasent.

¦-¦ In " Old English Plate " the maker's mark on this basin is represented as E D under a crown,
vhich it is not.

;o2

Thc Norwich Goldsmiths and their Marks,

NAMES OF NORWICH GOLDSMITHS.

[from 1285 TO 1702.]
/VRRANGED CHRONOLOGICALLY FROM LISTS COMPILED BY
MR. WALTER RYE OF NORWICH, MR. R. C. HOPE, F.S.A., AND OTHER SOURCES.
Names have not been found to correspond with initials appearing on some of the makers' marks of
the seventeenth century illustrated in the preceding tables ; on the other hand some of the earlier
names which appear in different forms very probably refer to the same persons.

Earliest

Latest

Earliest
Latest
K.\ME OF
GOI-DSMITU.
D.-ite
Found.
Free.
Date or
Death.
Name oi
Goldsmith.
Date
Found.
Free.
Date or
Death.
John de
1
Attleburgh ; 1285
1300
John
Kebyll
i4.';7
Nicholas de
Swathing
1286
Thomas
Graye
1461
Walter de
Swathing
„
Richard
Herry
1466
Henry the
Goldsmith
,,
Robert
Saunders ]
1^
Geoffrey de
Cons'tinople
^,
William
Bond i
1467
Robert le
Orfevre
1289
John
Sutton
1480
John le
Orfevre
^-95
John
Rich
Nicholas le
Rus
John
Smart
14S1
Robert de
Byrri
„
John
Belton 1
1491
1520
Henry le
Orfevre
1299
Thomas
Worcester 1
1492
Daniel de
Swathing
n
Robert
Alman
1493
Stephen de
Wells
1306
Peter
Petersen
1494
John de
Derham
,,
Thomas
Maskey
1495
Walter de
Birlingham
,,
Edward
Belton
1499
Robt. de St
Edmund
,^
Walter
Man
1501
Henry de
Brabant or
Bonbon
1305
JohnJohn
HuntBasyngham
150215171518
1524
John de
Horstede
1350
Thomas
Bere
Robert de
Bumpstead
1366
Felix
Puttok
Robert
Rose
1399
William
Porter
. ohn
Hynde
1409
William
Petyer
1530
1535^5'i7
ohn
Goddys
Nicholas
Isbo'rn !
Robert
Boner
1418
John
Elger
JohnJohnRichard
John Thomas
NicoleWestwick
Brasver Cok'
Wrentham
I4I91422
14251426
Nicholas
John Zachary
WilliamThomas
HeywardBasyngham Shulte
Umfrey
Wharlow
15381539 1543
15471548
Richard
Bere
1428
or.Wurlow
John Thomas
John Thomas
JohnJames John
ElgerBurtonBelton
GreenCokCaron Clerk
1429
14331437144214431446
Henry
Henry William
Peter
Valentine
SheefShulte Cobbolde (Master 1564)
Peterson (Master 1565)
Isborne
154915521553
15541558
I581
di6o3
William John
Underwood
Mathieson
n
William
Rogers (Master 1567)
William
Toftes
1449
Christopher
Tannor
1562
156315641566
Richard
Thomas
Reginald
(alias Chapman)
Fraunceys
Chapman (alias Toftes)
Clerk
WalterGeorgeThomas
John
Man
Bladon Buttell
Tesmond
John Thomas
DyghtonSheef
1454
George
(Master 1576)
Fenne (Master 1570)
Stone Stone
1567
1587
Thomas
Thomas
Gelyngham
Sellers
1455
Robert
John
1569
Thomas
George
WillesonHamchurch
14.57
John Nicholas
GrayeWharlow
3»
1591 1593
The A

'orwic

h Gc

ndsmii

hs . and

their Mark

S.

303

Earliest I

Latest
Earliest
Latest
Nami-. of
Goldsmith.
Date
Free.
Date or
Name up
Goldsmi m.
Date
Free.
Dale cr
Found.
Death.
Found.
Death.
Matthew
Cobbolde
1593
dl603
w.
D.
1630
James
Grundy
1594
1594
Elias
Brown
1633
d 1660
Simon
Borrowe
1596
William
Weston
1634
Emman uel
Garratt
1597
William
Kettleburgh
Daniel
Eynsworth
1600
1626
James
Grundy
1636
' or Aynesworth (Mstr 1622-3)
Thomas
Proctor
1641
Richard
Baspoole
1603
Daniel
Mathew
,,
Edward
Woolfe (Armourer)
1607
George
John
Grundy Woolfe
1645 1648
Peter
Peterson
))
d 1609
Edward
Wright
1649
Richard.
Shipdam j
161O
1629
A.
R.
1650
William
Haydon
1613
William
Edwards
1653
John
Wright
,,
Robert
Neave
1655
William
Smyth '
,^
M.
E.
1661
Phillip
Smyth i
(Warden 1624)
•¦
1624
Daniel W.
Arthur
Hutcheson
Heaslewood
1661
1665
Edward
Wright
1616
1629
H.
A.
1662
(Searcher 162
Timothy
(.-5. Master 1626-9)
Skottowe (Warden 1624)
1617
1644
RobertRobert
OsborneHartsonge
16651672
1701
John
Hewlett (Warden 1626-7)
1620
1627
Thomas (Sheriff
Havers
1701. Mayor 1708)
1674
di732
Arthur
Heaslewood
1625
1629
M.
H.
1680
(Warden 1628-9)
E.
H.
1688
1697
Daniel
Aynesworth (W.irden 1625-6)
1625
1626
James
DanielG.
169I
1693
1696
William
Skerry
1627
p!
R.
1697
Augustine
Grundy
1628
Thomas
Harwood
1698
di/io
James
Rayner (.\rmourer)
163I
Robert Arthur
Hartsonge
Heaslewood
1702
304 The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

CHAPTER XIII.
THE EXETER GOLDSMITHS
AND THEIR MARKS.
Anunuii> >.f the Next to Norwich in order of antiquity, judging by the examples
coidMuitiis. qJ- t;]-,gjj. -y,,.Qr)- -which have survived to our own times, come the gold
smiths of Exeter. The Statute 2 Hen. VI. c. 14 (1423) makes no
mention of Exeter amongst the provincial towns appointed to have
touches, and its assay office appears to have had no statutory existence
until I 701, when it was established in compliance with the Act 12 and
13 Wm. III. which authorised the appointment of wardens and assay
masters to control the assaying and marking of wrought plate.
N.. A-a> uiiice Consequently no Exeter assay-office records earlier than those of the
lecordb made r t^ 1 1 ¦ 1
earlier than 1701. year 1701 arc to be found. The names of Exeter goldsmiths, who
worked in times prior to that date, have been collected from civic and
ecclesiastical records not immediately connected with the "craft," but
having indirect reference to its members. At St. Petrock's Church, in
the city of Exeter, there is an entry in the churchwardens' accounts
of a payment in 1571 "to lohn Ions, goldsmith, for changing the chahce
into a cup, £1 15s. 5d." However much we may regret the conversion
of a mediaeval chalice into a post-Reformation communion cup, we have
some little compensation, inasmuch as the entry referring to the payment
for the "changing" enables us to identify the work ofthe Elizabethan
goldsmith, who made the cup, (preserved amongst the St. Petrock's
sacramental vessels) which bears the stamp "I IONS," and has the date
" 1572" engraved on the knop of its paten-cover.
A guild or m3'stery of goldsmiths existed in Exeter long anterior to
the time of Queen Elizabeth. It is recorded that Johannes de Wewling
worth, a goldsmith, flourished there in the fourteenth century, and in
all probability the existence of this guild was continued down to the 7th
of August, I 701, when eleven members of the craft met for the purpose
of exercising the powers conferred upon them by the Act of that year.
Exeter was too far removed from London for the sending of all its

But other records
are in existence.

The E.xetcr Goldsmiths and their Marks. 305
wrought plate to the Metropolitan assay office to have been practical in
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and there is no evidence of the
establishment of any adjacent "touch." Salisbury and Bristol were
mentioned in the Act of 1423, but no evidence has been found to prove
that assay offices were ever established in those cities. It is therefore
probable that until towards the end of the seventeenth century the
goldsmiths of Exeter worked under the privileges of a Royal Charter,
although its existence has not been discovered. A craft, from whose
hands emanated the numerous examples of Elizabethan and Stuart plate
with which the counties of Devon and Cornwall abound, is not likely to
have continued an illegal existence for so long a period as is indicated
by such evidence of their activity.
The distinguishing Exeter plate-mark, or "town-mark,"* of the TheExeter
" town-mark."
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was the Roman letter X. On the
earlier Elizabethan examples of lohn Ions' work it is found without
a crown within a circle of pellets, as it is also found on some of
Easton's work. In later examples the X has a crown over it and a
mullet or pellet on each side, generally within a circle of very small
pellets or elliptical dots. It is, however, also found in a circular stamp
without surrounding dots, and on plate of about the middle of the
seventeenth century it is occasionally found in a stamp shaped to the
outline of the crowned X. Towards the end of the century instances
are found of the crowned X incuse, instead of being raised within a
depressed field as in all other cases.
In the sixteenth century the workers' marks consisted of their Makers' marks.
surnames, generally accompanied by a single letter (which in the cases
of I. Ions and T. Mathew appear to be the initials of Christian names,
although in other cases this interpretation seems improbable), and the
" town-mark " (the letter X as above described). In a few instances
the names are found without the usual Exeter mark, as in the following
examples: — A communion cup, dated 1576, at St. Genny's, Bude, has,
in place of the crowned X, a hieroglyphic of inscrutable form in a
curiously shaped shield, which may possibly be T. M. in monogram
struck by a damaged punch. The communion cup with the " Coton "
stamp at Stoke Rivers, Barnstaple, has no other mark except the letter
D. Another " Coton "-marked communion cup at Morwenstow, Bude,
has the letter I as an additional mark. A " Mathew "-marked spoon,
has T. M. in monogram within a dotted circle struck in the bowl
"¦' More properly city-mark, but the generic term town-mark is preferable. 20

o

06 Thc E.xclcr Goldsmiths and their Marks.

where the "town-mark" is usually found ; and in the bowl of another
" Mathew" spoon is a mark formed of a hexafoil with rays between the
foils in a circular stamp. Other makers' marks found on early examples
of Exeter plate are HORWOOD, ESTON, EASTON, BENTLY, HER
MAN, ^^, JJ, RO in a heart-shaped punch, YEDS, IR, RADCLIEF,
OSBORN, IL, TB in monogram, MW with the crowned X between
the letters, S beneath the crowned X; IS, JM in monogram, IP,
NB in monogram, and an incuse cross pattee charged with pellets. All
of these marks will be found represented in fac simile in the following
tables. In the earlier marks of IONS and COTON the letter N is
reversed, as is often the case in lettering of the sixteenth century. In
MATHEW, OSBORN, and BENTLY, letters are conjoined so that
one limb serves for two letters, a practice frequently resorted to in
Elizabethan lettering.
With reference to the initial letters referred to above as having been
found accompanying makers' names, it is stated in "Old English Plate"*
that where there are two of such letters "on stone-ware jugs and com
munion cups, one might be for dating them, but nothing at all like a
Eari> dale-letters, datc-lcttcr isfouud on spoous." That observation must now be accepted
only with considerable qualification, inasmuch as three spoons have been
discovered of about the year 1600 with single letters in plain angular
shields, two of them with the letter "a" and one with the letter " b,"
as set out in fac simile in the first and second lines of Table II. (infra).
It is submitted that these marks can be nothing other than date-letters.
In Table I. will be found the letters A, B, D, G, I, N, and P. It is
suggested that each of these is a date-letter for the year opposite which
it is set. The A is found on church-plate, dated (in contemporary
engraving) " 1575." The B occurs on church-plate similarly engraved
with the date "1576." The G is on a communion cup, inscribed "1582,"
in similar characters. The communion cup at Morwenstow, bearing
the letter I, has no engraved date, but the cup at St. Andrew's,
Plymouth, bearing the letter N, is dated "1590." The lion-sejant spoon
in the British Museum, marked "C ESTON P," has no inscribed date,
but it is suggested that the letter " P " is thc date-letter for the year
1592. Mr. H. D. Ellis has a seal-top spoon marked "C ESTON C."
It is highly improbable that both P and C were used as name initials
after the surname ESTON. The several inscribed dates on the examples
above mentioned, correspond with the dates which it is submitted are
" See 6th Ed. loi.

The E.xcicr Goldsmiths and their Marks. 307
indicated by the respective letters, so closely, that it is difficult to imagine
any other explanation of the coincidence than that each letter was inten- Eariy daie-ietters.
ded to indicate the year in which it was struck on the article which bears
it. The letters which it is contended are date-letters, are not ranged in
columns as in other tables, but are set forth in the order in which they
occur on the examples of plate from which they have been transcribed,
so that the author's contention may not appear to gain support from
any factitious aid. Seeing that the letters in question are different in
size and general appearance from the name-letters which accompany
them, and that these (date ?) letters in the first table are, in the second
table succeeded by " a " and " b " of a different character, and that the
latter are within shields, it seeins clear that an alphabet of a kind of
Roman capital type was used from 1575 to somewhere near the end of
the sixteenth century, and that about the year 1600 a cycle of small
Italic letters was commenced.
In the absence of records it is impossible to say what plan was
followed in testing and marking Exeter plate prior to 1701, but as
the " craft " probably elected from time to time some or one of their
most respected members to be master ™'' wardens, one of these was
probably entrusted with the punch for striking the "town-mark." Each
worker would naturally strike his own mark on his work, and where Probabiy no
a mark occurs (not being a maker's mark or date-letter,) which differs from cuperbeS7oi.
the common mark of the city, it seems probable that this also was struck
by the maker and not by the master or warden. It does not appear
that there was a regular assay by cupel at any time before 1701, but
probably the " touchstone " was used when a test was deemed necessary,
and considered sufficient in view of the fact that all the old Exeter plate
appears to have a maker's mark struck on it, and that the maker could
have been identified and held liable had his mark been found upon
bad plate. It is not known whether in consequence of the Act of 1696
the Exeter goldsmiths ceased working, or sent their plate to London
in compliance with the requirements of that Act until the new powers
were conferred upon them by the Statute 12 & 13 Wm. III. c 4 (170?),
whereby they were authorised to assay and mark plate as from September
29th, 1 70 1. It is, however, certain that other Devonshire goldsmiths,
many of whom entered their names and marks at Exeter in 1701, wrought
plate between 1696 and 1701. This is proved by the Eddystone light
house salt made by Rowe of Plymouth during the interval.

3o8

Thc E.xcter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

'I'he Exeter
Goldsmithsand their inaiks
subsequent to thc
Seventeentii Centurv.

No time was lost after the passing of the Act of 1700 before the
Exeter goldsmiths commenced preparations for carrying out its provisions.
They assembled on the 7th August, 1701, to the number of eleven, and
met again on the 17th September, and having elected WiUiam Ekins and
Daniel Slade as first Wardens under the Act, they made arrangements
for obtaining premises suitable for their assay office. They subsequently
passed resolutions with reference to the conduct of the assay, ordered
punches to be made for marking plate, and appointed Edward Richards
to be their first assay-master. He was sworn in before the mayor on the
19th November, and continued in office till January 1707-8, when he was
succeeded by Robert Palmer.
Work having been commenced by assaying plate for those goldsmiths
of the city who had entered their names and marks, notices were sent out
early in 1 702 to goldsmiths known to be carrying on business in other
parts of Devon and the neighbouring counties of Cornwall, Somerset and
Dorset, informing them that the office was ready to assay plate in
accordance with the provisions of the Act of 170J, and in response a
number of goldsmiths from Plymouth, Dartmouth, and other towns
entered their names and marks. The names of all these goldsmiths
were entered in the assay office books with sketches of their marks
(composed of the first two letters of their names) adjoining ; but the leaf
of the book which contained the first series of entries is missing, and
the first page extant commences with the name of Peeter Elliott of
Dartmouth, who entered his name and mark on the 13th November, 1703.
According to the provisions of the Act of 170^ the Exeter town-
mark was composed of the arms of the city, viz. : per pale gules and
sable a triple-towered castle, turreted, or, and the use of the old town-mark
(the letter X crowned) was discontinued. For nineteen years, during
which only plate of the new standard was allowed to be worked, the
marks of Exeter were five in number, viz., the town-mark, the lion's
head erased, the figure of Britannia, the annual letter, and the maker's
mark which consisted of the first two letters of the goldsmith's surname.
Between 1701 and 1882 the design ofthe town-mark, while still answering
the above description, was considerably modified on several occasions as
illustrated in the following tables :— At one period— 1831 to 1837, the
castle consisted of three separate towers. In 1720, consequent upon the
restoration of the old standard by the Act of 17 19, the leopard's head
crowned, and the lion passant, took the place of the lion's head erased
and figure of Britannia, except on plate of the higher standard, which

Thc E.xcter Goldsmiths and their Marks. 309
goldsmiths had the option of continuing to work ; the form of the makers'
marks was also changed and new marks, composed of the initials of
the makers' Christian and surnames, were entered at the office and
thenceforward used on all plate of the restored standard. The leopard's
head was not used after 1777. In 1784 the sovereign's head was
added. Throughout the first cycle of twentyfour years after the passing
of the Act of 1 700, the date-letters used at the Exeter assay office w^ere
Roman capitals, and were with one exception enclosed in plain angular
shields, every letter of the alphabet excepting J and U having been
employed. The letter B of i 702-3 is found in an ornamental or "shaped"
escutcheon. The letter A which marked the first plate assayed under the The date-ietter
,, . . . , , , f. from 1 701 to 1 88-
new regime m November 1701 was continued in use till the 7th of
August, 1702. Thenceforward the date-letter was changed annually on
the anniversary of that day or on such other day as was appointed for
the election of wardens for the next ensuing year. The first mention of
a date-letter in the existing records is contained in a minute of the year
1 7 10 which refers to the letter K as being the letter for the year
1 7 10- 1. In the cycle of twenty-four years, 1725-49, small letters,
some Italic and some Roman, were used, as represented in Table V., J
and V having been omitted. From 1749 to 1773, the letters were Roman
capitals in square shields, with similar omissions. In the following
cycle Roman capital letters were again employed down to and including
the O of 1787-8, after which small Roman letters were used down to
and including the V of 1796-7 with which the cycle ended — all the letters
being in plain angular shields, the omitted letters of this alphabet being
the capital J and the small V and Z. As the use of the leopard's head
mark was discontinued in 1777-8, the only letters of this cycle which
could possibly be mistaken for those of any other are the A, B, C, D,
and E, and these may be distinguished from those of the preceding
cycle by the shape of their enclosing shields, and from similar letters
in later cycles in the same manner. The next cycle (i 797-1816)
consisted of twenty Roman capital letters A to U omitting J, in rect
angular shields. The castle and lion passant of this cycle are also in
rectangular shields. The cycle 1817-37 consisted of twenty small
Roman letters a to U inclusive omitting 1 : these are, for the most part,
found in square or oblong shields with the upper corners clipped and the
bases rounded, some are however left rectangular, but the appearance
of all the marks throughout this cycle difters so much from that of any

,io

The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Parliamentary Inquiry in 1773.

Method of
conducting the
Assay OiTice at
Exeter.

other cycle in which small Roman letters are used that no mistake can
easily be made. From 1837 to 1857 twenty Black-letter capitals ^ to ®
were used, and from 1857 to 1877 twenty Roman capitals A to U (J
having been omitted). The presence of the Queen's head stamp affords
an easy means of distinguishing these from the letters of any other cycle.
Lastly, from 1877 to 1883 (when the office was closed) plain block letters
A to F inclusive were used. It will be observed that from 1797 the
date-letters corresponded with those used at Goldsmiths Hall, London,
the Exeter letter was however a year later than London, but except in
this respect and in the shape of the enclosing shields the letters were
alike from 1797 to 1856.
The duty-mark of the sovereign's head first appeared in 1784 as on
London plate, and was thereafter continued, but the change of stamp
denoting the change of reign was considerably delayed, in one instance —
that of Wm. IV. in succession to Geo. IV. — as much as four years.
In March 1773 when the Parliamentary Committee appointed to
inquire into the working of the Provincial Assay Offices was conducting
its inquiry, the Exeter assay master was called before the committee to
give evidence concerning the conduct of the business of that office, and
the following account of his testimony is copied from the report of the
committee presented to Parliament on the 29th April, 1773 : —
" Mr. Matthew Skinner (Assay Master of the Goldsmiths' Company of Exeter),
produced, pursuant to the Order of your Committee, the several accounts
annexed in the Appendix, No. 4 : and informed your Committee, that two of the
members of the Goldsmiths Company of Exeter are not freemen of the City of
Exeter, but follow the trade of goldsmiths, and that all the other members are ;
that all the members inhabit within the city ; and that two of them served only a
part of their apprenticeships.
That he took an oath before Benjamin Heath, town clerk, which was not the
oath directed by Act of Parliament ; but thinks it was as binding as that in the
Act ; that he is guided in his duty by an Act passed in the Reign of King William
the Third ; that he has heard of the said Act from time to time, but never read it
until he received an order to attend your Committee.
That he never received instructions from any man living how to assay ; but
when he had purchased the lanthorn, the scales, and all the other implements
necessary for assaying, from the late assay master, he then made various
experiments by coppelation and fire ; that he believes his assay pound weighs
about 13 or 14 grains; that he has compared all his assay weights, and found
that they all bore a due proportion to each other ; that his smallest weight is
a halfpenny weight ; and that he never made an assay of gold in his life.
That after silver is assayed, if it is half a penny-weight better or worse than
Standard, he reports it as such, but has no assay tables ; that he gets his bone
ashes from town to make coppels, and makes as man}- at one time as serve him
for half a year ; that his muffles are eight inches long, are arched, and have

The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks. 3 1 1
holes in the sides to give air while the metal is in fusion ; that he does not maike
them himself ; and that they will hold from six to nine coppels ; that he assays
his silver with lead, which he receives from an assay master in London, whom he
can confide in.
Being desired to describe his method of assaying silver ; he said, I take a
small quantity of silver from each piece (the quantity allowed by Act of Parlia
ment is eight grains from every pound troy weight) which I weigh by the assay
pound weight : I wrap it up in a thin sheet of lead, and when the furnace is
properly heated, the assays are put in and fired off ; they are taken out when
cool, and then weighed ; and from the waste we ascertain its goodness.
That no officer is employed by the company in assaying Plate besides him
self ; that he has no salary, and takes what silver is allowed by law for assaying ;
that he was brought up a jeweller, and is in no way concerned in the manufac
turing of plate, but buys all liis plate from London.
That the standard for plate is 11 oz. 2 dwt. of fine silver; and 18 dwt. of
alloy ; but they allow a remedy of 2 dwt. in the pound, because it would be
hard upon a working tradesman, if he was not allowed something, as he does his
best, and may be mistaken ; that many times he had allowed it, and sometimes
had found it over standard.
Being asked, if the trade of a working goldsmith, silversmith or plate-worker
was necessary for qualifying a person for scraping or cutting wrought plate
properly ? he said, he thought a person bred to those trades the best qualified to
know if all the plate in one parcel be of the same sort of silver, and whether
the plate is forward enough in workmanship, but that he had acquired that
knowledge without being brought up to the business, so as to be able to judge ;
and further said, he thought great judgment was necessary to know all the pieces
that were afhxed together in a piece of plate, such as a sword hilt, or an epergne ;
and thinks it impossible for an assay master to judge of the solder necessary for
joining a piece of work, unless he was brought up to the trade of a silversmith.
That the makers of wrought plate send a note with their names to the assay
office, containing the name of the owner, the weight of the silver, and what
articles it consists of ; that he receives a halfpenny per ounce for assaying and
marking such plate, which is entered in a book particularizing the day of the
month when the plate was assayed, the name of the owner, the species of plate,
and, if cut, he enters the worseness.
That he has heard of convoys, which are intended by workmen to deceive
the assayer ; that he examines the work as near as he can, but never found out
any such thing as convoys.
That the marks he strikes upon wrought plate are the lion, the leopard's
head, the Exeter mark (which is a castle), and the letter for the year ; that
the letter for the present year is Z, in Roman character ; that the letter is
appointed annually at the first Hall meeting after the 7th of August, and goes
through the whole alphabet, and that A will be the letter for the next year.
That the workman sets his own mark before the plate is sent to the office ;
that the witness has the custody of the marks, and if plate is doubtful upon the
first assay, he detains it for a second trial ; that he puts four grains of silver
into the diet box for every pound weight of plate he assays and marks ; that
there are three locks and two keys to the diet box, one lock being spoilt ;
and the senior warden who has the custody of the diet box, 'keeps one of

312 The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks. .
the keys, and the junior warden the other ; that the diet is put into the box
once a year, on the 7th of August, being first wrapped up in paper, and marked
what year's diet it is, and the witness has the custody of it until it is put into the
box ; and knows not when it was sent to the Tower ; and that there are many
years diet now in the office.
That he makes the assays of plate at such times as best suit his convenience,
and never had any person to assist him in assaying ; and when he is absent or ill
the thing stops.
That he thinks the trust too great to be reposed in one man, and apprehends
such a hall as Goldsmiths Hall, is safer to the public, where there are so many
checks, and no temptation to di.shonesty, the officers having good salaries ; and
he should prefer plate marked at Goldsmiths Hall, because of the sanction.
That some years ago he assayed plate marked at Goldsmiths Hall, out of
curiosity, and found it Standard.
That he has been at Goldsmiths Hall, and seen the progress of business
there ; and has used the remedy he has spoken of ever since he has been in the
office." In 1773 the Exeter company of goldsmiths consisted of five mem
bers, but there were other goldsmiths then working, and having their
plate assayed at the Exeter assay office, who had not been admitted to the
freedom of the company. Many of these resided at Plymouth and
Dartmouth. The office appears to have done a fairly large amount of
business until about the middle of the nineteenth century, when the
number of manufacturing goldsmiths in Exeter, and the West of England
generally, became considerably reduced. After 1850 the work dwindled
away until at last the charges for assaying were found insufficient to
cover the working and establishment expenses of the office, and it was
closed in the year 1883.
MaAson The marks on wrought gold assayed at Exeter were the same as on
Lsa'JIdafE'xeter. platc uutU 1 798. If auy wcrc assayed there after that date, what
has been said with reference to the substitution of the crown and figures
in place of the lion passant in the case of York, on page 264, would be
applicable here.
Following the tables of marks will be found a list of the names of
Exeter goldsmiths from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century, compiled
from various sources, with as much completeness as it has been possible to
attain. For many of the names in the list, and for assistance in compiling
the tables of marks, the author is indebted to Mr. J. Ellett Lake and
Mr. F. T. Depree, of Exeter, and to the clergy of the counties of Devon,
Cornwall, Somerset and Dorset, who have, with the greatest possible
cordiality, assisted the author in this portion of his work.

The E.xcter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EXETER PLATE.

TABLE 1.
FROM 1570 TO 1600 OR THEREABOUT.
(The dates are appro-^imate except where the articles are described as dated.'

DATE.

MARKS.

maker's name.

ARTICLES A\D owners.

1S70-4

H ms^

.Tohn Ions.

Communion cup, dated 1571 : Trevalga,
Cornwall.*

1575

®

" " @

„

Mounts ol cylindrical salt (ivory drum) : Sir
S. Montagu, Bart.

)f

49

0 C2^ (g)

: ::

Standing salt : Mr. J. Dixon,
Com. cup (from St. Kerrian's) : St. Petrock's,
Exeter.

M

®

I 0

„

Com. cup, dated 1575 : Lympstone, nr. Exeter.

"

» *

CE) X 0

..

Do. do. : Duloe, Cornwall.

1576

"

SES @ [s]

"

Do. dated 1576 : Tamerton, Devon. |

"

»

k^fSSiOfil

T. Matthew.

Do. do. : St. Genny's, Bude.

1578

Q Pflf-e'/i

? Coton.
— Horwood.

Do. : Stoke-Rivers, near Barnstaple.
Mounts of stone-ware jug : Messrs. Christie.

1580

e

HWiV.W'M

"

»9i\^»^*i

T. Mathew.

Seal-top spoons : Mr. W. Boore.

I58ii
IS84

(| l»WW{l

— Eston.
— Easton.
— Coton.

Com. cup, dated 1582: Cadbury, Devon.:):
Do. do. formerly at Fen Ottery,
Devon.
Com. cup ; Morwenstow, Bude.

L££U!Ki#

QBEZIZl

1585
1590IS98

l-Hi^V^
— Bently.
— Herman.
— Eston.
Mounts of stone-ware jug: .4shmolean Mus.
Seal-top spoon : Me.ssrs. Christie.
Com. cup, dated 1590 : St. Andrew's, Plym'th.
Lion-sejant spoon : British Museum.
IMi&Ul fSj
(1) SDbJ
"
®
Ui^!^
T. Mathew,
Apostle spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
1600
0
C^l^^u^ (i
— Osborn.
Maidenhead spoon ; .Mr. J. H. Walter.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
>
*
"
" ^|i l!M;'iW< ^
R. Herman.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.
"
a
}
Lion-sejant spoon : Do. do.
¦•" .Also communion cups; St. Petrock's, Exeter, dated 1572 ; St. Winnoe, Cornwall, dated, 1574,
and (undated) South Kensington Museum.
f Also communion cups : St. Perran, Uthnoe, Cornwall, and Dunn-Gardner Collection.
¦ X Also cylindrical salt, repousse and chased with masks and foliage, surmounted with a male
figure : Sir S. Montagu, Bart.
3H

The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

IMARKS ON EXETER PLATE.

TABLE II.
FROM 1600 TO 1646 OR THEREABOUT.
(The dates are approximate except where the articles are described as dated.)

\m

@

. .. 0

© © ©
I pgsraa

MAKER S N'AME.

B. W.

E. A.

R. Osborn.
— Yeds.
I. Radcliff.

ARTICLE.S AXD OWNERS.

— Osborn.
— Yeds.
L L.
Xo maker's mark.

Seal-top spoons : Mr. W. Boore.
Lion-sejant spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Seal-top spoon : The .Author's Collection.
Do. do. : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
.'Vpostle spoon : Staniforth Collection.
Six maidenhead spoons : Mr. R. E. Brand.
.Apostle spoon : Mr, Crichton.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. S. Dean.
Apostle spoon pricked 1635: Messrs. Christie.
Com. cup dated 1640 : St. Petrock's, Exeter.
Apostle spoonj : Messrs. Christie.
Com. paten : Harpford, Devon.
.Apostle spoon : Holburne Museum.

Do. do.

Do. do.

X .'Mso seal-top spoon, pricked 1646 ; Mr. W. Boore.

The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

jO

MARKS ON EXETER PE.ATE.

TABLE 111.
FROM 1646 TO 1698 OR THEREABOUT.
(The dates are approximate except where the articles are described as dated.)

1646

165016601676
1685

1

MAKER S NAME.

T, B.

E. A.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

3 OS£&i

16911

^ m

*7y •Tf *Jf

M. W.
— S.
N'o maker's mark
I. S.
.lohn Mortimer.
C. Eston.
1. P.
Nichs. I'rowne.
Xo maker's mark.

Apostle* spoon : Mr. A. D. George.
.Apostle| spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Puritan spoon : Do. do.
Small standing cup : .Mr. .1. Dixon.
Flat-stem spoon:]: : The Author's Collection.
Embossed spoon§ ; Mr. J. H. Walter.
Spoon, trifid end|| : Do. do.
Do. flat stem : Do. do.

Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.

Do. do.

Mr. .\. D. George.

do.

Rat-tail spoon : The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G,
Do. do. : Mr. J H. Fitzhenry.

~ St. Matthew.
t St. Peter.
+ Pricked 1676.
§ Flat stem, foliated end.
II Pricked 1690.

3i6

Thc Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EXETER PLATE.
TABLE \y.
VWU. STAMPS AS BELOW.

ANNI,\ HEAD
"" '• ERASED.

ANNE.
1102-3 1703-4 1704-5 1705-6
1706-7

1711-2
1712-3
1713-4 GEO. I,
1714-5
1715-6 1716-7 1717-8 1718-9 1719-201720-i
1721-2
1722-3
1723-4 1724-5

(p

@

@

0

m

9 0
19

ii

0
*^i^
SI

IP

6®

MAKER S NAME.

Hy.
Wm.
Richd.

Elston. Muston.
Briant.Freeman.

Thos.

Reynolds.

Richd.

Wilcocks.

Thos.

Sampson.

Richd.

Flint.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Name Ed.Geo.Ed.Ed. Danl.

John Geo.Pent. Ab'm.Pent.PeterAndr. Saml.Thos. Saml.
J.Jas.

not traced. I
Richards.
Trowbridge. Sweet.
Richards. Slade.
- Tolcher,
Mortimer.Trowbridge.

Symonds.Lovell.Symonds.
.Arno. Worth. Blachford.
Sampson.Blachford.
Elston. Williams.

Small mug : Mr. F. L. Fitzgerald.
Alms-dish : St. Stephen's, Exeter.
Tankard : Messrs. Hancock.'"
Straining spoon : St. Petrock's,
E.xeter.
|Tankard : St. Goran, Cornwall.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. B. Jefferis.
Do. do. ; Messrs. Christie.
Porringer : Mr. J. E. Lake.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. S. Deane.
Com. cup : St. Stephen's, Exeter.
Rat-tail spoon : .Mr. F. T. Depree.
Do. do. : Do. do.
Do. do. : Holburne Mus'm.
Com. flagons : St. Sidwell's, Extr.
Rat-tail spoon : Holburne Mus'm.
Com. paten : St. David's, Exeter.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Glading.
Com. plate: Redruth, Cornwall.
Com. cup & paten : Do. do.
Small salver : Messrs. Christie.
Com. paten : Tamerton Foliott.
Rat-tail spoon : S. Ken. Museum.
Do. do. • Mrs. Smithers.
Com. flagon : Tamerton Foliott.
Rat-tail spoons : Mr. A. Rowe.
Do. do. : Mr. Ince.
Tankard : Messrs. Debenham and
Storr.
Rat-tail spoons ; Mr. Chisholm.

.Also 1703-4

^^ John Audry.

Rat-tail spoon, trifid end ; Mr. J. B.
Stansby.

t " Ex Dono Trevanion,
X .\ name such ns Fuller,

1706." probably entered on missing page of Register.

The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

0^1

MARKS ON EXETER PLATE.

TABLE y.
STAMPS AS BELOW.

"¦^HEAd"^ lion ¦>*!¦£ MAKERS
CROWNED. PASSANT. LETTER. MAHK.

m

1726-7 GEO, II.

1732-3
1733-41734-5

1740-11741-21742-3 1743-4
1744-( 1746-1
1746-71747-i 1748-1

^

US (2^

©

1951. h 1
m u
V
9 s
W X

MAKER S MARK.

@9

Saml. Blachford.
Thcis. Sampson.
Joseph Collier.
Peter Elliott,
John Elston, jr.
James Stevens.
John Babbage.
Peter Elliott.
Sampson Bennett.
John Elston, jr.
Sampson Bennett.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Conmiuiiion flagon : Uny-Lelant,
Cornwall.
Gravy spoon : Mr. E. Heron-Allen.
Coffee pot : Mr. Stevens.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Davison.
Paten : .Morwenstow.
Com. paten : JNlelksham, Wilts.
Small com. cup: S. Martin's, Exeter.
Chocolate pot : Messrs. Christie.
Small mug : Mr. Lowe, Chester.
Table sjDoon : Mr. Robinson.
Coffee jug: Mr. Chappell.
Table spoon : Messrs. Debenham
& Storr.

I'ent, Symonds. Small salver ; Mr. W. Boore.

John Boutell.
Pent. Symonds.

m

^

Flagon : Talland .Polperro,
Cornwall.
Tankard (Brit, std.) : Mr. W. Boore.

Pair of alms-basins : St. Ives,
Cornwall.
Coffee pot : Messrs. Christie.

Thos. Blake.
Jas. Stevens.

Alms-dishes, dated 1747 ; Crediton.
Small paten : St. Martin's, Exeter,

Possibly a second mark of J, Boutell.

,i8

Thc Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EXETER PLATE.

TABLE \'l.
FIVE
STAMPS AS BELOW,
1749-50
CASTLE
EOPARDS HEAD
CROWNED
LION
PASSANT.
DATE HAKEB'S
LETTER KARK.
maker's name.
articles and owners.
E!
®
Thomas Blake.
Table spoon, double drop : Mr.
Chisholm.
1760-1
»»
M
m
»9
„
Small salver : Mr. S. Phillips.
1751-2
»t
It
a
tl
„
Table spoon ; Mrs. Smithers.
1762-3
9»
»»
D
1753-4
»1
1»
E3
0X9
Danl. Coleman.
Snuffers' tray : Messrs. Spink.
1754-5
1*
M
F
1755-6
t»
-
G
1756-7
»*
91
m
®
Thonias Blake.
Table spoon : Mr. Crichton.
1767-8
(f
91
Q
99
„
Soup ladle ; Mr. J. B. Stansby.
1768-9
»»
9>
K
1769-60
f V
99
L
GEO. Ill,
1760-1
»»
»»
M
1761-2
t»
9»
N
1762-3
>»
»»
B]
(gg)
Mat'w Skinner.
Sauce boat : Col. Fitzgerald.
1763-4
»»
9»
P
1764-5
*»
»)
»^
Q
1765-6
"
»»
9»
R
1766-7
99
t»
»»
@
GS
Richard Sams.
Lemon strainer : Messrs. Christie.
1767-8
»»
99
"
O
1 f
„
Table spoons : Mr. W. Boore.
1768-9
»»
99
1>
u
1769-70
t»
»»
11
m
®
Thomas Coffin.
Pap boat: Mr. H. Mallett.
1770-1
"
99
)»
X
1771-2
»»
»l
»»
Y
1772-3
9»
f»
t»
Z
Date-letter recorded.
The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

319

MARKS ON EXETER PL.VTE.

TABLE vn.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW. NO LEOPARD'S HEAD .\FTER 1777-8. KINg's HEAn FROM 1784.

1773-4

CASTLE.

I^EOPARD'S LION
CROWNED P*SSAHT

DATE
LETTER

MAKERS MARK.

m.aker's name.

articles and owners.

y

§a

0

G^

Richd. Sams.

Table spoon: Judge Wynne
Ffoulkes.

1774-6

9»

99

*»

B

1775-6

1 »

99

99

@

^

John Eustace.

Table spoon : Mrs. Smithers.

1776-7

t 1

»1

'•

D

1777-8
••
9f
»»
E
1778-9
»»
^
!?
n
..
Table spoon : Mr. E. Heron-Allen.
1779-80
»»
>.
0
99
„
Do. do. . Do. do.
1780-1
¦•
t t
H
1781-2-3
19
••
0
11
.,
Do. do. Do. do.
1783-4
»»
KiH&S HEAD
» 1
13
S^
Name not traced.
Skewer : Judge Wynne Ffoulkes.
1784-5
"
i
"
9
John Eustace
(as 1775-6).
Table spoon : Mr. E. Heron-.AUen.
1785-6
^ t
) t
*9
M
1786-7
*i
©
t »
^
R?1
Joseph Hicks.
Table spoons : Mr. B. Jefferis.
1787-8
»i
9 »
"
0
99
..
Do. do. Do. do.
1788-9
M
1 1
9»
(9
19
,
Do, do. Do. do.
1789-90
t »
M
»9
*t
1790-1
» t
1 »
99
r
1791-2
»»
)9
99
f
1792-3
1»
*»
11
t
1793-4
»»
9»
11
u
1794-5
99
99
11
w
1795-6
»»
99
19
0
031
Richd, Ferris.
Table spoon : .Mr. E. Heron-.Allen.
1796-7
9»
'9
99
y
The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON I'XETER PL.VTE.

TABLE vm.

FIVE ST.iMPS AS BELOW.

1797-8

CASTLE.
fi

LION
PASSANT.

DATE
LETTER

KING S
HEAD. e

MAKER'S MARK.
RT3

maker's name.

articles and owners.

P^

m

Richd. Ferris.

Small salver : Mr. Lowe.

1798-9

91

m

99

» 1

Joseph Hicks.

Coffee pot . Do. do.

1799
1800

99

c

99

1800-1
19
ES
)9
SID
..
Table spoon : Do. do.
1801-2
99
£
99
1802-3
99
(3
99
99
Tea spoons : Mr. Fuller.
1803-4
99
G
99
1804-5
9»
m
99
E3E9
Richd. Ferris.
Table spoon : Mr, Crichton.
1805-6
m
m
a
99
f »
Do. do. : Mr. Payne.
1806-7
»9
m
99
9 9
„
Table plate : Mrs. Budd.
1807-8
99
B
99
)•
„
Do. do. : Do. do.
1808-9
91
M
99
1809-10
19
..
N
91
1810-1
»9
0
»9
1811-2
91
E9
91
OD
Joseph Hicks.
Tea spoons : Mr. Bruford.
1812-3
99
* f
S
99
99
„
Dessert spoons : Mr. Chisholm.
1813-4
19
!B
99
(»V4
G. Turner,
Table spoon : Mr. Harris.
1814-5
11
S
99
1 »
..
Table plate : Mr. F. T. Depree.
1815-6
99
0
99
l»
Do. do. : Do. do.
1816-7
1 1
u
99
The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EXETER PL.VTE.

T.ABLE IX.
five STAMPS AS BELOW.

1817-8

CASTLE.

LION
PASSANT.

DATE
LETTER.

KING'S HEAD.

MAKER'S MARK

maker's name.

articles and owners.

SS

m

G

(SQ

Geo. Ferris.

Table plate: Mr. F. T. Depree.

1818-9

9 1

99

0

» 1

9T

,

Do. do, - Do. do.

1819-20

9 1

99

®

"

«i)

Joseph Hicks.

Table spoons : Mr. G, Lowe.

GEO. IV.
1820-1

1 1

1 1

9

91

91

.,

Do, do. : Do, do.

1821-2

11

99

@

99

99

,.

Do. do, : Do. do.

1822-3

11

"

9

0

(S)^

Geo. Ferris.

Table plate : Mr. F. T. Depree.

1823-4

99

9*

W

tl

19

„

Do. do. Do. do.

1824-5

19

99

fS

"

••

,.

Do. do. : Do, do.

1825-6

11

91

0

1 1

M»l

John Eustace.

Do. do. Do. do.

1826-7

11

"

13

99

W,i

Name not traced.

Do. do. : Do. do.

1827-8

'•

91

D

1 1

0®

J. Osmont.

Do. do. : Do. do.

1828-9

99

1 1

GS

11

11

„

Table spoon : Mrs. Budd.

1829-30

1.

11

Q

1 1

EG3

Joseph Hicks,

Butter knife : Do.

WM, IV.
1830-1

"

"

O

1 »

11

„

Tea-spoons : Do.

1831-2

m

^

Q

0

i'H^^

^^'. Sobey.

Table spoons : .Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.

1832-3

"

"

B

"

uy

John Stone.

Salt spoons : Do. do.

1833-4

m

m

Q

11

RS?

Name not traced.

Table plate : Mr. F. T. Depree.

1834-5

"

1 1

@

0

f>W

J. Osmont.

Do. do. : Do. do.

1835-6

"

19

O

11

CCD

W. R. Sobey.

Do. do. : Do. do.

1836-7

1 1

"

Q

»»

k:i';i

Name not traced.

Toast-rack : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.

Thc Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

M.VRKS ON EXETER PLATE.

TABLE X.
five stamps as below.

VICT.
1837-8

CASTLE.

LION
PASSANT,

DATE
LETTER

QUEEN •=.
HEAD. 0

MAKERS HARK.

maker's name.

articles and owners.

@

^

m

W. R.

Sobey.

Table plate : Mr. F. T. Depree.

l-iO:t=i'(

1838-9

99

@

0

reo

J.

Osmont.

Salt spoons : Mr. G. Lowe.

1839-40

99

@

0

^

Thos,

Byne.

Tea-spoons : Mr. F. T. Dejjree.

1840-1

99

®

S8
J.
Stone.
Egg spoons : Mr. G. Low-e.
1841-2
M
@
m
—
Ramsey.
Tea-spoons : Mr. F. T. Depree.
1842-3
99
u
fn^m
W. R.
Sobey.
Com. paten : St. Stephen's, Exeter.
1843-4
®
m
9i
,.
,.
Table-spoon : .Mr. G. Lowe.
1844-5
99
©
) 1
"
)j
Fish slice : Do. do.
Table spoon : Mr. F. T. Depree.
1846-6
99
"
Com. paten: All Hallows, Exeter.
(--!•)!)=*'<
1846-7
99
'?
^
"
'.
"
Tea spoons : Mr. Fuller.
1847-8
99-
@
1
?
Williams.
Do. do. : Judge Wynne-
Ffoulkes.
1848-9
99
13
re^i
J.
Stone.
Table plate : Mr. F. T. Depree.
1849-50
91
CD
sss
W. R.
Sobey.
Do. do. : Do. do.
1860-1
11
®
) »
"
"
Do. do. : Do. do.
1851-2
99
0)
03
J.
Osmont.
l'~roni assav office niarks, supplied
by .Mr. J. E. Lake.
1862-3
19
®
•'
"
"
Do. do. do.
1863-4
19
®
09
Isaac
Parkin.
Do. do. do.
1854-5
1 »
^
1 )
"
))
Do. do. do.
1855-6
19
m
•'
"
))
Do. do. do.
1856-7
99
®
rflM
J.
Stone.
Table plate : Mr. F. T. Depree.
The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

323

MARKS ON EXETER PL.VTE.

TABLE XI.
five stamps as below.
CASTLE.
LION
TASSANT.
DATE
LETTER, 0
QUEEN'S MAKER'S
HEAD. MARK.
maker's name.
articles and owners.
1867 8
ffl
© E^
J. stone.
Paten cover of communion cup :
Alderholt.
1858-9
(D
9 9
19
„
Table plate : Mr. F. T. Depree.
1869-60
99
@
99
From the .Assay Office plate.
1860-1
0)
99
Do. do. do.
1861-2
"
@
1 1
em
Jas. Williams.
Table plate : Mr. F. T. Depree.
1862-3
9
99
From the Assay Office plate.
1863-4
@
* 9
Do, do. do.
1864-6
91
iD
91
Do, do. do.
1866-6
99
0
99
Do. do, do.
1866-7
99
M
@
99
Do. do, do.
1867-8
19
1 1
9
19
Do. do. do.
1868-9
99
'<
(S
99
%\%%
Henry Lake.
Butter dish : Mr. Barnet.
1869-70
99
99
GI
99
From the .Assay Office plate.
1870-1
"
1 9
G)
9 1
Do. do. do.
1871-2
9 9
9 1
(9
19
Do. do. do.
1872-3
99
"
(D
1 1
Do. do. do.
1873-4
1 1
91
@
9 9
Do. do. do.
1874-6
99
91
@
1 1
Do. do. do.
1875-6
t 1
..
Q
99
Do. do. do.
1876-7
9 9
1 1
0
99
Do, do. do.
324

The E.xeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EXETER PL.VTE.

TABLE XIL
EIVE STAMPS AS BELOW,
1877-8
CASTLE. m
LTON
PASSANT.
DATE
LETTER 0
QUEEN'S HEAD. 0
MAKERS HARK.
maker's name.
ARTICLES and owners.
J. Whipple cS: Co.
Engraved goblet : .Mr.
Bruford.
1878-9
11
19
(D
99
F'rom the .Assay Office plate.
1879-80
99
1 1
Q
1.
Do. do. do.
1880-1
"
19
0
99
Do. do. do.
1881-2
1 ?
99
G
91
Do. do. do.
1882-3
11
99
Q
97
CBQD8B
Ellis, Depree & I
Tucker )
Com. plate: St. Matthew's,
Exeter.
The communion plate at St. Matthew's above-mentioned appears to
have been some of the last work assayed at Exeter, as the office was
finally closed in 1883.
A large number of articles of plate, in addition to those recorded,
have been examined and noted by the author, but as the makers' and
other marks are similar to those found on the objects mentioned, it
seems unnecessary to encumber the tables by particular reference to
them. The marks described as "from the assay office plate" have been
reproduced from the copper-plate on which the trial marks were struck
during the time that the assay office was in operation.
The following list of names of Exeter goldsmiths may be found
useful in the identification of makers' marks not recorded in the
foregoing Tables. With reference to the dates following the names,
many may possibly have worked at an earlier date than that first
mentioned, and may have continued working later than the last
mentioned date.
The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

j-o

NAMES OF EXETER GOLDSMITHS.
[from a. II. 1327 TO 1SS3.J
CHRONOLOGICALLY ARR.ANGED.

X.\MK OF Goldsmith.

Johannes Thonias
John T.D. ?
J.? EdwardG.?

B 
E. A. o
r,. \'. o
R. I.I. or J.
I 

deWe wl in gworth
White' Ions or Jons
Mathew Coton
CotonSpicer Eston
HorwoodEaston
Bently Benetlye
Herman Osborn
- W 
A. E.
Y. B.
Osborn
A'eds Radcliff
- L 
_ B 

M 
EdwardI 
John I 
Nicholas
John WilliamWilliam
Thomas Daniel
WilliamEdmund
JosephJ. Henry
John Peter
Jacob MaryRichardRichardRichard Edward
James RobertThomas

_ w 
Spicer Mortimer
¦ P 
BrowneAudry
Briant Drake Foote
Slade
EkinsRichards
(As^ay Mtister 1701-8}
Leigh
Elston Muston
BrowneElliott (Oartmou
Tythe (La'ri'ston)
Ashe^'avasour (Totnes)
Wilcocks (Plymouth)
Holin (Truro)
Sweet (Dunster)
Strong Catkitt
Reynolds

th)

Karliesl
Mention

Entered.

Latest
Mention.

13271477 1565

1580
I5S5

1568
1576 15801582
1583

159^

CI 600
16001610 1620

C1620CI 640
1630

fl620 16301635164616501676 1685i6go

1640
1706 I7I5
16941701
17031707
di7o8 1708 1712
T72717281721
1703
i7'^3
1704
C1730 17301710
1705
17261709
\amf. of Goldsmith.
Thomas
John RichardRichardPeterSamuel PentecostThomasPhillipBenjamin Robert
JohnJoseph George
William
John Anthony
Joseph JosephAdam AndrewEdward
John PeterAbraham
A.
JohnJames
John MiconFrancis
JohnZachariahAndrew
IlaynshaworHaysham (Bridgwater)
Manby (Dartmouth)
FreemanFlint (Truro)
JouettBlachfordSymonds (Plymouth)
Sampson Elston BrownePalmer
(Assay Master, 1708)
Fu 
Pike13ennick TrowbridgeTolcher (Plymouth)
AdamsSugerTripe CollierColes
Hutchins
WorthStrong or
Strang Brinley
Arno Lovell
Brinley
Reed Williams
Burden Melun Bishop
MarshWilliams
Worthaday j
JamesSampson
Jane SamuelJohn Thomas
John Thomas
JamesJohnJohn
Dock
Stevens BennettMaryen
Willmot Elston, junr.
BlakeWebber Clarke
Marshall
BabbageBoutell
Earliest
Mention
1705
1706 1707170S1709
I713
1716 17191720
17231724
1706
1723
17IO
1720
1723
17241725
1726
Latest
Mention.
1729
17281742 1 7 28
I74R 17 16
1726
I74I
1712
1713I7I4
1725
172817.301721
I7I5
1716
1717
"
1722
1717
1720
1725 1723
1773
17501736
1759
1 741
326

The Exeter Goldsmiths and their Marks.

N.\ME OF Goldsmith.

JohnRichard Moses
Francis
Daniel
James le
Samuel
Joseph William
LewisThomasMatthew
Richard
David
Roger B.
RichardWilliam
ThomasThomas
James David
Thomas William
Benjamin S,
JohnThomas
WiUiai-n
James
RichardEdward

TorkingtonFreeman
Pelet
Trowbridge Coleman
Compt Clyde
Pearse Browne
Courtail Coffin
Skinner (Assay Master)
Sams
Jones Symonds (Plymouth)
Jenkins Welch (Plymouth)
Strong (Plymouth)
Kaynes or 1
RaynesHolt
Hawkins (Plymouth)
BeerHarvey „
Nathan (Plymouth)
Tingcombe (Plymouth)
Thorne (Plymoutli)
Evelegh (Dartmouth)
Jenkins (Plymouth)
Birdlake (Plymouth)
Broadhurst (Plymouth)

Earliest
Mention,

1729
1730
17381739
1740
17481753
1756
1757

17621765

1766

176717681769

Entered.

1727

Latest
Mention.

1769
17341756
1758
17431753
1759
17571773

18151781
1773
r8o61773

1770
1773

N.1ME OF Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

F.ntered.

John
Jason William
John
J.
John W-

Joseph Richard
G.G.
W.George
John or Jas.
William R.
W.Isaac

John W.
Thomas
Joseph
W. W. W.
George
James Thos. H.
Henry
Jas. Croad
Josiah Wm. Geo.
John Ellett
J. W.F. Templer
J.-Thonias
W, T.

Brown
(Plymouth)
Rolt (Plymouth I
Coffin
Eustace (per two)
Balle
.AdamsP 
Hicks
Ferris ^^
Turner W.
Ferris
Osmont
SobeyS. Parkin
Ramsey
Stone P.
Byne Head

Ferris, junr,
Williams Stone
Lake
RossWilliams Caunter
Lake
Whipple & Co
Ellis 1
Depree &
Tucker SalterMavnard

i,

1773
1776
1781
1782
17831784
1794
1812
1817
1827
18311835
18321833
1839

1835
1841
183

18571861
18681869
1875

Latest
Mention.

1773

1786
1826
1795

1834
18101827
1834
18371838
1855
18511856I '^59

18481839

188318861877

1883

(Assa\- Master)

The Neivcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks. 327

History of tlio
Company.

CHAPTER XIV.
THE NEWCASTLE GOLDSMI I' HS
.A.ND THEIR MARKS.
For much of this chapter the author is indebted to a monograph on
" The Goldsmiths of Newcastle," by Mr. J. R. Boyle, F.S.A., by means
of whose kind introduction, access was obtained to large collections of
plate, both ecclesiastical and secular, in Hull and other parts of Yorkshire,
which furnished material for a considerable part of the tables of York,
Newcastle, and Hull marks appearing in this work.
The earliest known reference to Newcastle goldsmiths occurs in
an ordinance of the 33 Henry III. (1248), commanding the bailiffs and
men of Newcastle-upon-Tyne to choose four of the most trusty persons
of their town for the office of moneyers, and other four like persons for
the keeping of the king's mints there, and tivo fit and prudent goldsmiths
to be assayers of the money to be made there, and one fit and trusty clerk
for the keeping of the exchange ; and to send them to the Treasurer and
Barons of the Exchequer, to do there what by ancient custom and assize
was required to be done. By the 2 Hen. VI. c. 13 (1423), an Act
previously mentioned, it was ordained that Newcastle-upon-Tine should
have a touch according to the ordinance of its mayor, bailiffs, or
governor. After that, no reference to the goldsmiths of Newcastle appears till The Goldsmiths
^ '^'^^ of Newcastle
1536, when they were incorporated, together with freemen of other wXother^*
trades, as a company of goldsmiths, plumbers, glaziers, pewterers, and 1536.
painters. The original charter of incorporation, granted by the maj^or,
sheriff, and aldermen of Newcastle, still exists amongst the archives of
the Plumbers' Company.
"The Company," as Mr. Boyle explains, "was to be governed b}'
four wardens, viz., a goldsmith, a plumber, a glazier, and a pewterer or
painter. No brother was to follow any trade except that to which he
was apprenticed, on pain of a penalty of 3s. 4d. Any brother taking
' a Scots man borne in Scotland ' as apprentice or workman was to be

J

28 The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Goldsmiths of the
16th and 17th
centuries.

fined 40s., half of which went to the company, and the other half to 'the
upholdyng of the works of tyne Bridge.' Every apprentice on obtaining
his freedom was to pay 6s. 8d., ' and a pott of ale w' thappurtenances.'
If any brother defamed another by calling him ' a Scott, a morderer, a
thefe,' and ' at sise or sessions was ffounde culpable,' he was to be
expelled from the company, and not received again till ' such tyme that
he be clerely & duely purged & acquited by dew order of the law.' "
Of the original members of the company, five were goldsmiths, viz.,
Thomas Cramer, James Chawbre, Geoffrey Hall, Humphrey Coyll, and
Nicholas Cramer. From the number of goldsmiths' names recorded, it
seems that their art flourished in Newcastle in the sixteenth century, for
although no Newcastle plate of earlier date than about the middle of
the seventeenth century is now known, it is more probable that sixteenth
century plate was melted down in the troublous times of Charles I. than
that none was wrought. From 1536 to 1650 thirteen goldsmiths appear
to have been admitted to the company. They were Valentine Baker,
James Austold, Nicholas Brutte, John Harper, John Cramer, Francis
Sose, Anthony Sympson, WiUiam Seaton, John Sympsoun, Oswald
Carr, John Baker, James Wylson, and John Baynes.
The goldsmiths who joined the company from 1656 to 1697 signed
the first transcript of the charter of 1536. At the very bottom the
almost obliterated signature of William Ramsey appears, certainly enough
identifiable by the long tail of his R. The column headed " Gold-Smiths,"
after a transcript of the names appended to the original, bears the signa
tures of William Ramsay, John Wilkinson, William Robinson, John
Dowthwaite, John Norris, Francis Batty, Albany Dodson, Eli Bilton,
Ffrancis Anderson, Cuthbert Ramsay, William Ramsay (junior), Abraham
Hamer, Robert Shrive, and Thomas Hewitson. The last-named attained
his freedom in 1697.
One of these persons, Ffrancis Anderson, was not a goldsmith but
a confectioner. In 1598 the company consisted apparently of only 14 members, of
whom three were goldsmiths, viz., Anthony Sympson, James Wilson
and John Baynes. On the 19th June, 1599, Baynes paid 40s. to the
company for some " agrementt " which " shold have ben thre pound,"
but 20s. were generously "remitted for his wyffe." On the 17th August
in the same year he took one Thomas Royd, son of Thomas Royd,

c. 8 (i69f.),
deprived the
Newcastle g;old-
smiths of the
right of assaying
plate.

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks. 329
"mylliner," as apprentice; and on the 3rd February, 1599-1600, he
took as apprentice one John Nicholson, son of George Nicholson.
From this time till 1656, in which year William Ramsay joined
the company, the society had no goldsmith amongst its members. There
is indeed one person, (William Robinson), described as a " Goulsmith,
late of Newcastle, deceased," in the enrolment of his son's apprenticeship
(20th Aug., 1657), and once elsewhere as an " imbroderer"; doubtless
a manufacturer of gold and silver lace, then largely employed in the
enrichment of costume. Ramsay's accession to the company was
followed two years later by that of John Wilkinson, from which time
till 1697 the goldsmiths of Newcastle appear to have been prosperous.
The Act 8 & 9 Wm. III. c. 8, which raised the standard for plate and The statute
' 8 & 9 Wm. Ill,
inferentially gave to the Goldsmiths' Company of London the sole right
of assaying, inflicted a hardship and inconvenience upon the goldsmiths
of Newcastle similar to that suffered by all other manufacturers in the
provinces, who were put to the risk, expense, and delay of sending their
plate to London to be assayed. To remedy this hardship, the Act 12
& 13 Wm. III. c. 4, was passed in 1700, establishing assays at York,
Exeter, Bristol, Chester, and Norwich, but by reason probably that
Newcastle was not one of the places where mints had been established
for recoining the silver money, it was not mentioned in that Act. But-
although plate could not have been legally assayed in Newcastle between
1696 and 1702, there is little doubt about its having been wrought there
during the interval, for at All Saints' Church, Newcastle, there are two
communion flagons bearing the marks of Thomas Hewitson, dated the
25 Dec, 1697 and 1698 respectively; a mug of 1701 bears the mark
of Eli Bilton. On the 9th February, 17O2, a petition was presented
to the House of Commons by the goldsmiths of Newcastle, supported
by another from the Mayor, Alderman, Sheriff, and Common Council,
setting forth the inconvenience they suffered by being compelled to send
their plate to York to be assayed, whereby they were in " danger of
losing the greatest part of their trade, which chiefly consists of plate
bespoke to be wrought up in a short time, and they cannot have it ri.e Newcastle
returned from York in less than a fortnight's time." In consequence of re-estabushed
_ "= ^ (1702) by
these petitions an Act of Parliament, i Anne, Stat, i, c. 9, was passed, '¦^""''¦'¦-5-
which received the royal assent on 30th March, 1702, re-establishing
the assay office at Newcastle.

330 The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.
This Act (reciting that "whereas in the town of Newcastle upon
Tyne there is and time out of mind hath been an ancient company of
goldsmiths, which, with their families are like to be ruined " by the
operation of the Act of 1696-7, and their trade " utterly lost in the said
town ; and whereas by the statute of the second of Henry the sixth, the
town of Newcastle upon Tyne is one of the places appointed to have
touches for wrought silver plate,") enacted that the town of Newcastle
should be appointed for the assaying and marking of wrought plate,
to execute all " the powers, authorities, and directions " conferred upon
other towns and cities by the Act of 1700-1, "as fully and amply to
all intents, constructions, and purposes as if the said town had been
expressly named in the said act." The same Act provided that the gold
smiths, silversmiths, and plate-workers, who had served apprenticeships
to those trades and were freemen of Newcastle, should be incorporated and
known as the Company of Goldsmiths of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The
Act further provided for the election of two wardens annually and for
the appointment of an assay master, and stated the marks which were to
be impressed upon all plate assayed there.
The marks required at this time were, first, the maker's mark
(which consisted of the first two letters of his surname) ; second, the
lion's head erased ; third, " the figure of a woman commonly called
Britannia ; " fourth, the arms of the city or town where the plate was
assayed ; and, lastly, a variable letter or mark to denote the year in
which the assay was made. The only difference between the marks
then appointed for Newcastle and those of the other re-established
provincial offices being in the respective town-marks, which in each case
consisted of the arms of the city. London differed from the provincial
offices in having no distinguishing town-mark.
The Newcastle Although the Act of Parliament constituted the goldsmiths of New-
goldsmithsass"onat'on"vith ^astlc au Independent corporation, they continued in association with the
ly'iT'vherthey plumbcrs, pewterers, painters, and glaziers (with the exception of an
became a separate .
interval from 1707 to 171 1), till 17 16, when they finally separated
themselves. It must, however, be stated that during considerable
portions of this period they held meetings independently of the rest
of the association, formulated their own regulations, and kept their own
minute books, which are perfectly complete from the establishment of
the company in 1702 to the time when the assay office was closed in
1885. Their first assay book, however, begins in 1747 and ends in

hod

The Neivcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks. 331
1755- The next book which has been preserved begins in 1761, and
from this date the series is complete down to the closing of the office.
Almost their most precious record, however, is the circular copper plate
on which from shortly after 1 702 the punches of the makers whose plate
was assayed at Newcastle were impressed. It contains 287 different
marks, most of which can be identified. On this copper plate are also to
to be found the marks of John Langwith and Joseph Buckles, of York,
who by agreement (in consideration of an annual fee) had their plate
assayed and stamped at Newcastle from the year 1 7 1 7 when the York
office was temporarily closed.
In the early part of i JJT) the goldsmiths of Sheffield and Birmingham
having petitioned Parliament for the establishment of assay offices in
their respective towns, the Goldsmiths' Company of London in opposing
the establishment of these rival offices suggested that great irregularities,
if not frauds, were practised at the provincial halls and, as already stated,
a committee was appointed to enquire into the matter and to report
thereon to Parliament. The Newcastle Company appealed to their
representatives, Sir W. Blackett and Mr. Ridley, to watch and protect
their interests. The replies of both members are preserved amongst the
company's archives.
Mr. Ridley stated that a separate committee had been appointed to ParliamentaryCommittee
enquire into the alleged malpractices of provincial offices, and suge-ested -ippointedto
^ oil 00 enquire into the
that " perhaps the London Gent"- may attempt to take away those assa}- prm'ln'dafa'ssayoffires, 1773.
offices already established." He added that a messenger from the House
of Commons would be sept to Newcastle to serve the assay master, "who
I understand is Matt. Prior," with a notice to attend the committee on
the 22nd March. The committee ordered a return from each assa)'
office, giving the number and names of the members of its company, the
names and trade of the wardens and assessor, an account when and
before whom the assayer had been sworn, the names and places of abode
of all persons who sent plate to be assayed, and the weight of all gold
and silver plate which had been assayed, marked, broken and defaced
during the preceding seven years.
Matthew Prior posted to London, and was examined by the com
mittee on the 22nd March. His evidence, copied from the minutes of
the committee, reported by Mr. Thos. Gilbert and presented to Parliament
on the 29th April, 1773, appears on the two following pages.

The Neivcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The Assay
Master's evidence
before tlie
Parliamentary Committee in
'773-

METHOD OF CONDUCTING THE ASS.\Y OFFICE AT
NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE.
" iMr. Matthew Prior (a musical and mathematical instrument maker and
tuner, assay master of the Goldsmiths Company of Newcastle upon Tyne)
produced, pursuant to the orders of your committee the several accounts
annexed in the appendix, No. 5 ; and informed your committee that upon his
being elected to the office of assay master, he took an oath prescribed by the
Act of King William the Third, and is guided in his duty by that Act.
That he attended the assay office for his father, who was assay master
many years before he died, and that the Company had often seen him make
assays for his father.
He also produced to your committee his assay weights, and said he bought
them in London ; that he had weighed them to see if they bore a due proportion
and had tried them with reports of assays of silver made in London, and found
they agreed to about a pennyweight ; and that the lowest subdivision in his
reports is half a pennyweight.
That he makes his assays upon coppels made of bone ashes, which he
prepares himself several months before he uses them : that his muffles are of
the same size and form as those made in London, and made of the same sort
of clav that glasshouse pots are made of, and will hold about 21 coppels: that
he assavs two days a week : that he puts refined lead with the silver into the
coppel in order to make the assay, and assays the lead before he uses it, but
never found any silver in it.
Being desired to describe his method of assaying silver, he said, we scrape
a quantity of silver from every part of the vessel that comes to the office ; we
weigh that in the assay scales very exactly with the twelve ounce weight ; we
then add a quantity of fine lead to the assay, put it upon a coppel, and refine
it to fine silver ; when it is fine we dra^\' it out of the lire, and weigh it with
II oz. 2 dwt., and if it weighs that, we call it standard, though we pass it at
II oz. ; it has been the practice of the office to allow a remedy of two penny
weight ; that the London office does the same, and it is an indulgence which
has always been allowed ; and that he never made use of any other flux but
lead in assaying silver. And being asked, if he used any other flux than lead
in the assaying of gold ? he said, yes, aqua fortis, fine silver, and lead.
He also informed your committee, that one or both of the wardens always
attend on the two assaying days, which are Tuesdays and Fridays, from nine
in the morning till the assaying is over, and that they sometimes assist him ;
that the scrapings are taken off, the assays made, and the plate marked, in the
presence of the wardens ; that he has no fixed salary, but is paid one halfpenny
an ounce for all the plate which comes to be assayed, by the owners of it.
Being asked, if the knowledge of the trade of a working goldsmith, or
plate worker, was necessary to qualify a person for scraping or cutting wrought
plate properly ? he said, he imagined it was ; but also said, that an assayer not
brought up to the trade of a silversmith might judge whether all the plate in
one parcel was of one sort of silver, and might know whether plate was
forward enough in the workmanship for assaying, and whether loaded with
unnecessary solder, as well as if he had been brought up to the trade ; and that
by the practice he has had at the assay office he has learnt to examine every
visible part of the plate verv nicelv.

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks. 333
That the makers of wrought plate send a note with each parcel of plate
which is entered in a book kept for that purpose, called ' The Assay Book.'
That he never heard of convoys ; but has known in the same parcel some
plate better, and some worse, than standard, but knows not whether it was from
fraud or mistake. Being asked, what method he took, when he suspected that
some plate in a parcel was better and some worse, to prevent the company
marks being obtained ? he said, that he made a different assay of all the pieces
he suspected, and has done so for many years.
That when all the pieces in one parcel appear to be of one sort of silver,
he takes a small quantity from every piece, as much as will make an assay ;
that when plate appears under standard, he sometimes re-assays it, and has
re-assayed plate three times, in order to satisfy the owner ; that he puts four
marks upon the plate, viz. : the lion, the leopard's head, the three castles,
and the letter for the year ; and that the letter for the present year is D ; that
these marks are kept in a box which has three locks upon it ; that the wardens
keep each of them a key at their own houses, and the witness keeps the other
in his pocket ; and the box cannot be unlocked without producing the three
keys ; that the diet (which is eight grains from every pound of silver that is
marked) is kept in the same box ; and all the diet, except two or three ounces
is taken out of the box every year by the wardens, and appropriated to defray
the expence of the office ; and that the company thought two or three ounces
a sufficient quantity to be kept.
That the diet in the office remains in its original state, as scrapings and
cuttings from the plate, and he never knew any of it to be assayed, nor does he
remember the diet box ever to have been sent or required by the Lord Chancellor
to be sent, to the Mint ; that he knows nothing of the annual weight of the
diet, but the wardens do, as they keep an account of it in a book kept for that
purpose ; — that there are scrapings now in the office taken in several years, but
are mixed together.
The witness further said, that there never was an assay made at New
castle by any other person than himself, since he was appointed assay master ;
that the office is kept in a private house ; that there are in it two assay
furnaces, and a pair of scales, so exact that a hair off the back of his hand
will turn them either way."
Later in the day on which Prior was examined by the committee,
Mr. Ridley wrote to Messrs. Langlands and Kirkup with reference to
Prior's examination as follows : —
c- ., "Burlington Street, March 22nd, 1773.
I have the pleasure of acquainting you, that this day we got
through Mr. Prior's examination, wherein he acquitted himself with
great precision and judgement, and the Committee came to a Resolution,
" That the Assay Office at Newcastle upon Tyne had been conducted
with Fidelity and Skill." Mr. Prior was discharged from farther attend
ance, and will set forward on his return to Newcastle next Wednesday.
I am very happy that we have got this matter well over, notwithstanding
the most violent opposition of the Goldsmiths of London.
I am S^=
Mr. John Langlands & Your most obed'- servant
.Mr. John Kirkup. M. Ridley."

Gold not assayed
at Newcastle

;4 The Neivcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.
Gold does not appear to have been assayed at Newcastle before 1785.
beforTV7'8j.'° The Company, however, then determined to undertake the assaying of
gold plate, and the following information with reference to the matter is
cited by Mr. Boyle in his monograph. " Mr. Fendall Rushforth, one
of the assayers at Goldsmiths' Hall, London, procured and sent to
Mr. Robertson, of the firm of Langlands and Robertson, the necessary
implements. These cost ^^13 is., and were sent to Newcastle by ship.
The company manifested its gratitude by sending Mr. Rushforth a salmon
which cost 7s. 6d., and the carriage of which to London cost 6s." The
first gold plate was assayed for John Mitchison, of the Side, on the i ith
March, 1785.
In 1844 the Goldsmiths' Company of London endeavoured to obtain
jurisdiction over all provincial offices, and they procured a Bill to be
introduced into Parliament, giving the London Company the right to sue
the wardens and assayers of provincial halls, on proof that they had
passed gold or silver below the standard. "This," says Mr. Boyle, "led
to an extensive correspondence between the secretary of the Goldsmiths'
Company at Newcastle (Mr. F. Sanderson) and Mr. W. Ord, then one
of the representatives of Newcastle. Mr. Ord conducted the goldsmiths'
case with energy and tact, and the result of his efforts was that the
objectionable clause was so amended as to place all companies upon the
same footing, and give provincial offices a right to sue the wardens and
assayers of the London Company itself, should they offend against the
provisions of the Act."
In 1855 another attempt was made by the London Company to
abolish the assay offices at Newcastle and some other provincial towns,
and as a consequence, the House of Commons ordered on the 22nd June
1855, that returns should be made by the Inspector-General of Stamps
and Taxes on the assaying and marking of plate at Newcastle and other
towns, and a report on the same subject by Messrs. Garrard and Johnson,
wardens of the London Company. Mr. Boyle having carefully examined
a great number of documents relating to this matter, says that he is
"convinced that the accusations and insinuations against the practices of
the Newcastle Office were entirely without foundation."
In 1853 the weight of the silver assayed at Newcastle was 9,644
oz. In 1863 it had fallen to 4,394 oz. In 1873 it had further decreased
to 1,982 oz., whilst in 1883, the last complete year in which the office
was open, it had fallen to 316 oz. At the annual meeting of the company

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks. 335
in 1884 it was resolved to discontinue the Newcastle assay. On the
20th May in that year the stamps and dies, 2 1 in number, were delivered
to Mr. Alfred Sheriff, the collector of Inland Revenue, and on the 13th
June the local dies, 1 1 in number, were effaced in the presence of Mr.
Sheriff, Mr. James W. Walkinshaw, and Mr. Thomas Arthur Reed (the
wardens appointed in 1883), and Mr. James Robson, the last assay master.
The tenancy of the room in Dean Court, for which the company paid
Messrs. Mather and Armstrong a rental of _2^ii per annum, terminated
on the 1st May, 1885, since when the company has held its meetings at
the Salutation Hotel, Bridge Street. The last assay of silver was made
of 30 teaspoons on the 22nd April, 1884, and the last assay of gold of
30 rings on the 2nd May. In both cases the property assayed belonged
to Mr. R. M. Craig.
There are now no rehcs of the Newcastle Assay Office except the
books and papers, the round copper plate of makers' marks, a square
plate on which, from 1864 to 1884, the date-letter was impressed, and
two old oaken boxes, in one of which the diet was formerly kept. These
are preserved by the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tjme.
From the time of the separation of the goldsmiths from the plumbers
in 1 7 16, the annual meeting of the former was regularly held on the 3rd
May, except when that day fell on a Saturday or Sunday, and then the
meeting was held on the Monday following.
THE NEWCASTLE GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.
It does not appear that the marks set on Newcastle plate before the
Act of 1702 came into operation, were stamped by any duly authorised
officer, after an assay had been first made. There appears to be no
evidence of the appointment from time to time of "searchers" or assayers
as at York. The town-mark on plate of the seventeenth century made
by different goldsmiths differs in appearance very considerably, and this
difference is noticeable even in cases where the stamps have apparently
been struck at about the same time. It seems probable that every pnortoi-o.
master goldsmith who had been admitted to the freedom of the company Ne°wca5ac""
goldsmith marked
was allowed to have a " town-mark " stamp for his own use, and that ^'hCuI alTy"
there was no regular assay by cupel, the mark of each maker being his ° "" """''
warranty that his wares were of standard quality, the touch-stone being
probably used when a test was considered necessary.

336 The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.
The The "town-mark" of Newcastle was at first a single castle, derived
" town-niaik." probably from the arms of the borough, which are : Gules, three castles
argent. It is found in a plain heraldic shield on communion cups and
other plate of about the middle of the seventeenth century.
The author has noted marks (a single castle, struck thrice) on the
backs of the stems of apostle and seal-top spoons, which seem to be
Newcastle marks of about 1600-25, but no goldsmith's name has been
found to fit the initials A. B. which form the maker's mark.*
From about 1680 the mark was the entire coat-of-arms of Newcastle
— "the three castles" — at first in a plain heraldic shield. About 1685-6,
and again ten years later, it is found in an elaborately-shaped shield, but
a plain shield is also found to have been occasionally used at about the
same time.
The lion p.assant Tfic earlicst authcn tlcatcd examples of Newcastle plate (1658-72)
" to sinister"
pecuiiarto havc, in addition to the town-mark of the single castle, the mark of a
Newcastle. ' O /
lion passant, " to sinister." A lion " to sinister " is not known to have been
used at any other assay office. After the restoration of the old standard
the lion is again found "to sinister" in the years 1721 to 1725, although
in some examples of 1722-3 it is to dexter, as it always is after 1725.
A small mug belonging to the Glovers' Guild of Carlisle, apparently
made between 1697 and 1702 by Eli Bilton, bears not only the Britannia
standard marks of the lion's head erased and figure of Britannia, with
the first two letters of Bilton's surname, but also a single castle in a
plain shield. This curious marking clearly shews that the piece was not
stamped according to the Act of Parliament, which required the " town-
mark" to be the arms of the borough, as struck in all cases from 1702
onwards. It was probably made and stamped after 1697 but before the
re-establishment of the Newcastle office in 1702.
From 1702 till 1720 the mark used at Newcastle, in addition to the
lion's head and figure of Britannia (which closely resemble those of London
ofthe same period), was the "town-mark" of the three castles in a shield,
quite plain at the sides and base, but with a central notch in the top, or
"chief," and the corners clipped. From 1707 to 17 10 the shield found
is hollowed between the points of the central notch and the corners, and
from 1 71 2 to 1720 the shield is quite plain except for the little notch in
centre of "chief" Throughout this cycle the maker's mark, in com
pliance with the Act, is formed of the first two letters of his surname.
-¦¦ I liese marks are represented in fac-simile on page 340.

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks. 337
After the restoration of the old standard for plate in 1719-20, the
marks of the leopard's head and lion passant are found resembling those
of London, except that in 172 1-2, 1723-4, and 1724-5 the lion is
" to sinister." The maker's mark is formed of the initials of his Christian
and surname. The town-mark is in a heart-shaped shield from 1722
until 1757, when it was changed to a plain elliptical shield, but in 1759
the use of the heart-shaped shield was resumed and continued until 1772 ;
from 1772 onwards the shield is egg-shaped.
The date-letter, made obligatory by the Act of 1701, was regularly The Newcastle
changed every year for the first few years, but subsequently the rule
was not always followed. The character of the letters used from 1 702
till 1720 was a kind of Black-letter capital, and each letter from JC to |f
was used in proper rotation — J(. and |§ having a mullet or star on their
dexter side. The first letter is found in an oblong punch, the others in a
squat oval. |f seems to have been used for at least three, and possibly
five years. The next letter found after |f is the J|t of 171 2-3. No
example of the letter |^ for this cycle has been found. ^ appears to
have been used for about three years, followed by % and (j| (each for
one year) ; the letter next in succession was not fi but a second |3-
Many articles have been found of this cycle (1702-20) bearing the
letters %, %, ©, i, CK, ^, Jit, 0^, f, Cg respectively, but not one has
been found with (|, '^, |(, %^ %^ |^. It is suggested, therefore, that
the letters 3|, ^^ and |f, or one of them, was used for more than a year.
It is clear that J^ was the letter for 1702-3, but the next recorded date-
letter is jit for 1 71 2, the other letters in that cycle fixed by the records
being ^ for 171 7, (1| for 1718, j@ for 17 19, and (g for 1720.
In 1 72 1 a new cycle of date-letters in Old English characters was
commenced and the alphabet was used consecutively, a distinct letter for
each year, from |^ to %, and terminating with a Roman capital T in a
plain angular shield, in 1739-40.
In 1740 was commenced a third cycle consisting of 19 Roman capital
letters, A to T inclusive (omitting J,) in plain heraldic shields. The letters
of this cycle (with the exception of I for 1748) are recorded in the minutes,
and as five pieces of plate with the I of this cycle are known, there can be
no question about that letter. There is, however, considerable doubt as
to whether the T was ever actually struck in 1758-9, inasmuch as while
examples of every other letter have been found in plenty, not a single
piece has been found with the letter T for that year. It is suggested

OJ

8 The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The date-letters, therefore that the letter S, which by the way has terminations of a
Lombardic character, was used for 1758-9 as well as for 1757-8. It wfll
be observed by a reference to the tables that the top of the shield
enclosing the C of 1742-3 is waved, as in a less degree is that enclosing
the S. In 1759 the fourth cycle was commenced with cursive capital letters.
The J^/ for 1759-60 and the ^ for 1760-1 are both recorded in the
company's minutes, but the next succeeding entry is dated 1769 recording
that the letter for the ensuing year is " '^. " No explanation, whatever,
of the hiatus is made, and the only suggestion of an explanation seems to
be that no letter was used other than the 3^ adopted in 1760 until the 'S'
was resolved upon in 1 769. As a quantity of plate bearing the marks of
makers who worked at about this time has been found without a date-
letter, it is probable that for several years no date-letter was used. After
the '^ of 1769-70 each letter of the alphabet, ^ to Z (omitting J and V),
follows in proper sequence, cursive capitals being used up to and including
=5^ and Roman capitals afterwards. Each letter is in a plain angular
shield until 1 771-2, thenceforward a shield shaped in the base is used with
slight variation until 1 782, after which date a square shield is found till the
end ofthe cycle in 1 790-1. Before leaving this cycle, mention must be made
of a point in the evidence of Mr. Matthew Prior, the assay-master, given
before the Parliamentary Committee in 1773. The report states that he
said, " the letter for the present year is D." The author has made several
attempts to make his tables agree with this statement, but has utterly
faded. In " Hall Marks on Plate," Mr. Chaffers appears to have evaded
the difficulty by the simple expedient of discarding the last three letters
(X, Y and Z) of the cycle, and in succeeding editions of that work the same
course has been followed ; but from G downwards every letter of the cycle
in question is represented in that book in cursive characters, whereas, in
fact, every letter from G to Z actually used was a Roman capital. The
three letters X, Y and Z of this cycle have been found in repeated
instances, and it is impossible to disregard them. Prior's reported
statement that the letter for 1772-3 was D is not referred to in "Old
English Plate," where ^ is given as the letter for that year. If D
really had been the letter for 1772-3, then, as S is fixed as the letter for
1784-5 by the fact of its being found both without and with the incuse
king's head, C must have been used for three years in succession ; and
as all the letters represented in Table V. have been found on plate.

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks. 339
there must have been changes of the letter twice a year for at least The date-ieiters.
two years between 1773 and 1784. This seems extremely improbable,
and the suggestion that some mistake was made either by Mr. Prior or
the reporter in stating that the letter for 1772-3 was D, seems to be the
only feasible explanation.
In the next cycle, 1791 to 18 14, the letters (Roman capitals) are
recorded, and as examples of all have been found on plate, there can be
no question about them. The presence of the king's head in cameo through
out this cycle — absent in the preceding cycle except with the last five
letters — distinguishes all but those ; and the truncated corners of the
shields of the letters in the later cycle, as well as the slight differences
in the form of the other stamps, should prevent confusion, albeit that
three fourths of the letters of both cycles are alike in form.
In the following cycle, 1815 to 1838 inclusive, the date-letters are
again Roman capitals, but somewhat narrower in proportion to their
height than in any of the preceding cycles. The lowness of the crown
over the leopard's head, (as well as its general form) and the slight
differences in the other marks, enable one to distinguish with a little
careful observation these marks from others. There were not many
makers working plate after 181 5, and the marks obtainable are few.
The author has found only a dozen different examples of the marks of
the last three cycles, but as the date-letters are all recorded, actual
examples are not necessary for the framing of the tables. The marks of
the cycle 1839 to 1863 inclusive, may easily be distinguished by the
head of Wm. IV. in the first two years, and of Queen Victoria thereafter ;
the leopard's head moreover is uncrowned after 1845. In the last cycle,
1864 to 1884 when the office was closed, small Roman letters were used,
unlike any of previous years. The other four Hall-marks resemble those
of 1846-7, and it is unnecessary to repeat them in the table.
The date-letters were as a rule changed immediately after the
annual meetings on May 3rd, so that, except when the rule was broken,
each letter ran from May of one year until May of the succeeding year.
The following tables of marks and the list of names of makers do
not appear to require any further explanation than is contained above
and in the tables themselves. It may, however, be as well to mention
that for the marks down to 181 5 the author has depended not entirely
on the examples mentioned in the tables, but on those and many others
too numerous to particularize.

Marks on
Newcastlegold- wares.

540

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The marks stamped on wrought gold at Newcastle were the same
as on plate until 1798. From that date the crown and figures 18 were
substituted in place of the lion passant on gold of 18 carats fine, gold of
22 carats being stamped as before until 1844, when the crown and 22
were substituted for the lion. After that date the lion was not stamped
on gold. From 1854 the three lower standards of 15, 12 and 9 carats
fine then authorised, were stamped with the figures 15 '625, 12 -5, and
9 '375 respectively, and neither the crown nor the sovereign's head was
stamped on gold below 18 carats in fineness.

The following marks found on two silver spoons of about the first
quarter of the seventeenth century are here illustrated as probable
examples of early Newcastle marks :

BATE.

MARKS.

ARTICLES AND OWNER.

1600-25

Ep SSS

A B in bowl, castle thrice on stem of an apostle
and a seal-top spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

541

MARKS ON NEWCASTLE PLATE.

TABL?: I.
(The dates given in this table, although in most cases inscribed on the article, must be regarded
as approximate and not actually fixed.)

1B70-I

167S

\m-\

1701

© ® P O

i^ @ ^ (^
" @ " ®
^ ., ., ..
^ ^ @ ,.
i^ @ i^ @
gp? yw jg?>
«3 TX «3
© ^ © ©
• > ES3 ^ ESS
IP !3i] P j30
i g) @@

MAKER S NAME.

John Wilkinson.

John Dowthwaite.
Wm. Ramsav.

Wm. Robinson.'
Eli Bilton.
Wra. Robinson.

Robt. Shrive.
Thos. Hewitson.
Eli Bilton.
John Ramsay.
Eli Bilton.

ARTICT.es and OWNERS.

Communion cup : Trimdon, Durham.
Do. do. • Ryton-on-Tyne.
Cup on baluster stem : Blackgate Mus.
Exhibition.
Com. flagons, dated 1672 : St. Mary's,
Gateshead.
Com. flagons, dated 1670 : Sawley,
Yorkshire.
Com. cup : Aspatria, Cumberland.
Do. : St. Johns Church, Newcastle.
Do. dated 1680 : Ennerdale, Cumb.
Do. dated 1684 : Rose Castle, Car
lisle.
Com. paten and flagon ; Rose Castle,
Carlisle.
Com. cup, dated 1686 : St. Nicholas
Cathedral, Newcastle.
Com. flagon : St. Nicholas Cathedral,
Newcastle.
Com. cup : Chollerton, Northumberland.

Com. paten : St. Nicholas Cathedral,
Newcastle.
Tankard : Mr. S. Phillips.
Do. : Blackgate Mus. Exhibition,
Newcastle.
Fluted porringer: Major Widdrington.

Com. flagons, dated 1698 : All Saints'
Church, Newcastle.
Tankard : Mr. S. Phillips.
Porringer : Taylors' Guild, Carlisle.
Tankard : Tanners' Guild, Carlisle.
Half-pint mug ; Glovers' Guild, Carlisle.

-s- t;r Wm. Ramsay. It is suggested that the W R conjoined is the mark of Wm. Robinson (son
of William Robinson, imbroderer, apprenticed 1657), who worked in Newcastle from 1665 till 1698.
The mark W R conjoined is found on plate which appears to have been made after Wm. Rarnsav's
death.

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON NEWCASTLE PLATE.

TABLE II.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

THREE
CASTLES

BRIT-
AHNIA. i

LION'S HEAD
ERASED.

DATE
LETTER.

MAKER'S UARK.

maker's NAME.

articles and owners.

ANNE.
lM-3
1703-4

i

e 11

John Era's

Ramsay.
Batty.

Tankard : Blackgate Museum Ex
hibition.
Com. cup : .Askham, Westmor.

im-5

"

'•

»»

®

^

Robt.

Shrive.

Rat-tail spoon (trifid) : Mr. Crich

1706-6 1706-7

11
11

»»

11

CD 9

Eli.
Bilton.
ton.
Com. jjateii : . Kirkandrews-upon-
Esk.
Com. cup : Castle Eden, Durham.
1707-8
^
1»
*»
0
^
J.
Younghusband.
Com. cup : Ainstable, Cumb.
1708-9
^^
•1
-
"
®
J'nath'n
French.
Com. flagon : St. Mary-the-less,
Durham.
1709-10
JI
"
»i
1*
®
Fr.
Batty, jr.
Com. paten : Ormside, Westmor.
1710-11
1711-2
P
Eli.
Bilton.
Com. cup : "remade, 1712 " : Holy
Island.
Monteith : Corporation of Morpeth.
1712-3
RP
i
i]
©
!^
Richd.
Hobbs.
1713-4
op
John
Langwith.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Hardcastle ;
com. cup : Newton Kyme, Yks.
GEO. 1.
1714-5 1716-6
»»
»»
»»
@
®
Fr.
Batty, jr.
( Rat-tail spoon : Blackgate Mus.
< Exhibition, Newcastle.
(f Pint mug : The Author's CoU'n.
1716-7
1717-8
i«
ft
(1
©
CS9
Joseph
Buckle.
Small mug : Mr. Lowe, Chester.
1718-9
11
»t
M
©
Era's.
Batty, as above.
Tankard : The Author's CoU'n.
©
James
Kirkup.
Muffineer : Mr. J. R. Carr-EUison.
1719-20
J»
»»
»»
®
fi
R.F.
John
Makepeace & )
Batty. /
Carnaby.
Punch-bowl: .Mr. Tinley Dale.
Westoe.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Crichton.
1720-1
dE
Letter (E recorded in minutes.
The Neivcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

543

MARKS ON NEWCASTLE PLATE.

T.\BLE III.
rivE stamps as below.

(
1721-2

THREE
ASTLES.

LION
PASSANT.

LEOPARD HEAD
CROWNE

S DATE
J LETTER 0

HAKEB'S
, MARK.
f (^

maker's name.

articles and owners.

Ers.
John

Batty, jr.
Ramsay, jr.

Com. plate, dated 1722 ; St. John's, N'cas
Cup : Tanners' Guild, Carlisle.

1722-3

^

P^

» »

©

Robt.
.las.

Makepeace.
Kirkup.

Coffee pot : Mr. J. R. Carr-EUison.
Tankard, dated 1730. : Carlisle Corpora
tion.

1723-4

»1

f:i3

1 »

®

k4d

Jthn.

French.

Beakers : St. Andrew's, Bishop
Auckland.

1721-5

1»

» »

»»

©

John Thos.

Carnaby.
Partis.

Communion cup ; St. Mary's, Gateshead.
Com, cup : Monk Hesledon.

1725-6

®
No plate found of this year.
1726-7
®
Uo. do. do.
GEO. II.
1727-8
©
£3
»»
©
^
Isaac
Cookson.
Small mug : Mr. Geo. Lowe.
1728-9
1»
»»
»»
i)
CiQ
Wm.
Whitfield.
Gravy spoon : Do. do.
1729-30
»»
?»
t >
©
:i<{«
Geo.
Bulman.
Salver: Mr. J. R. Carr-EUison.
1730-1
))
»5
»»
®
Kif;^
Wm.
Dalton.
Small mug : The .A.uthor's
Collection.
1731-2
* y
»»
»f
m
»Wl!
Robt.
Makepeace.
Communion flagon : Rothbury,
Northumberland.
1732-3
?t
)»
»»
©'
Thos.
Josepli
Makepeace.Buckle.
Salver: Cordwainers' Company, N'castle.
Sauce-boat : Rev. Jas. AUgood.
1733-4
9 f
t »
>)
@
&
Isaac
Cookson.
Coffee-pot, kettle and stand :
Mr. J. R. Carr-EUison.
1734-5
«f
» t
M
g)
kk;2
Thos.
Partis.
Com. cup and alms-dishes :
Sunderland.
1735-6
»»
> »
H
®
M'iJ
Gco.
Bulman.
Plain salver : Mr. Chisholm.
1736-7
»)
»»
»>
®
KS
Wm.
Partis. «¦
Small mug : Mr. Widdowfield.
1737-8
»»
>»
»»
13
Isaac
Cookson.
Tankard : Mrs. Hodgson
Huntley.
1738-9
»»
UT
»»
@
#
Wm.
Beilby&Co.
Coffee-pot: Major Widdrington.
1739-40
»»
?•
»»
0
Isaac
Robt.
Cookson.
Makepeace.
Salver : Mr. A^^ Orde.
Small mug: '\\>aver3' Guild, Alnwirk.
Possiblv Wm. Prior.
544

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON NEWCASTLE PLATE.

TABLE IV.
five stamps as below.

THREE LIOK LEOPARD'S DATE
CASTLES.PASBANT. HEAD LETTER.
CROWNED.

1740-1 1741-2
1742-3 1743-41744-5
1745-6 1746-71747-8 1748-9
1749-50 1750-1
1751-2 1752-31753-4
1754-51755-6
1756-7
1757-8
1758-9

©

f

£3

0

MAKER'S MARX.

WB

CSS

c@

^

OB

maker s name.

articles and owners.

Stephen Buckle.
James Kirkup.
W. Beilby
& Anr.
Isaac Cookson.
)) ))
William Partis.
Isaac Cookson.

William Dalton.
James Kirkup.
Robert Makepeace
William Beilby.
William Partis.
Isaac Cookson.
Langlands & Goodriche.
John Kirkup.
John Langlands.

Com. flagon : St. Martin-cum-Gregorj'
York.
Com. flagon : Kirkandrews-upon-JIsk.
Gravy spoon : Mr. H. Dawson.

Two-handled cup : Blacksmiths' Co.,
Carlisle.
Small mug : Blackgate Mus. Exhibition.
Sauce boat ; submitted to the Author.

Tankard, dated 1745 : Butchers'
Guild, Carlisle.
Communion cup : Workington.

Sugar caster : Mr. Crichton.
Table spoon, double drop :
Blackgate Mus. Exhibition.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. L. W.
Adamson.
Beaker on moulded feet : Dr.
Embleton.
Small plain tankard : Rev. J.
AUgood.
Communion plate : Bridekirk,
Cumb.
Com. paten : Bervs'ick-on-Tweed.

Sauce boats : Mr. J. Caldcleugh.
and Mr. Hesketh-Hodgson.
Coffee-pot : .Mr. J. Kirsopp ;
Salver : .Mr. W. Orde.
Table spoons : Mr. B. Jefferis.

Tankard : Mr. Lowe, Chester.
Tankard, moulded riband base: Mr. H
D, Ellis.
Mustard pot : submitted to the Author.
Ko plate found of this year.

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

345

MARKS ON NEWCASTLE PLATE.

TABLE V.
FIVE stamps TILL 1 784, THENCEFORWARD SIX, AS liELOW.

THREE
CASTLES.

LIOM I-EOMRD'f
PAaSAKT.^^HEAD^^

1789-60 GEO. III.
1760-8

1769-70 1770-1
1771-21772-3 1773-4
1774-5 1775-6
1776-7 1777-8
1778-9
1779-80 1780-1
1781-2
1782-31783-4 1784-5
1785-6 1786-7
1787-81788-9
1789-90

1

©

m

DATE
LETTER.

Q
13
gi
m Q
mm

Iggri

KIIKI'S HEAD.

@

S3 S3

Q3

aa[93as

maker s name.

John Langlands.
Saml. Thompson.
Saml. James.
Robt. Peat.
John Kirkup.
J. Jobson.
James Crawford.
Jas. Hetherington
Stalker & .Mitchison.
Hetherington & 1
Edwards. J
Hetherington & \
Edwards. J
David Crawford.
Langlands & \
Robertson. j"
David Crawford.
Pinkney & Scott.
Langlands &
Robertson.(as below).

Langlands &
Robertson.Pinkney & Scott.
John Mitchison.

Name not traced.
Langlands & |
Robertson. J
Name not traced.
Pinkney & Scott.
John Mitchison.

articles and owners.

Tankard : Mr. F. M. Laing ; Beaker ;
Mr. Cookson.
(Xo date-letter) table
spoon: .Miss AUgood.
Tankard : Messrs. Spink.

Three-quarter-pint mug:
Mr. Lowe, Chester.
Two-handled cup : Mr, T.
Watson.
Tankard : Messrs. M, & S,
Lyon.
Com. [lagon, dated 1773 : Hol\
Trinity, Whitehaven.
Small mug : Messrs. M. &
S. Lyon.
Tankard: Mr. J. A. Holmes,
Paisley.
Soup ladle : Mr. Arthur.
Gravy spoon : Mr. Lowe.
SmaU two-handled cup :
.Mr. Welby.
Com. cup : Newbiggen,
Westmor.
Sauce boat: Mr. II. D. Ellis.
Gravy spoon : Mr. L. W.
Adamson.
Plain oval tea-pot : Rev.
J. AUgood.
Tankards : Mrs. Phillipson and
Mr. Elhs.
Coffee-pot : .Mr. Brodrick-
Dale.
Com. flagon : St. Mary's, Gates
head ; sauce boats : Col.
Adamson.
Two sauce boats : Capt.
Bates.
Oval tea-pot and stand : Mr.
N'eale.
Tea set : Mr. Lowe, Ch's'r.
Tankard : Messrs. Deben
ham & Storr.
Com. flagon : Greystoke,
Cumberland.
Meat skewer: Mr. Lowe,
Chester.
Coffee-pot : The .Author's CoU'n.

The letter S of the year 17S4-5 is found both without and with the King's head stamp incuse.

546

The Neivcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON NEWCASTLE PLATE.

T.-\BLE VI.
SIX STAMPS AS BELOW.

1791-2

LION
PASSANT E3

LAblLLb.(,pO^^„£P

KING'S HEAU.

DATE
LETTER.

MAKER'3 UARK,

maker's name.

articles and owners.

f

m

0

0

m

Langlands & 1
Robertson. J

Tankard : Mr. J. W. Pease.

1792-3

..

n

03

[IS

Robert Scott.

Engraved cup : Mr. W. Boore.

1793-4

If

"
@
ffil
Anth. Hedley.
Large tankard : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
1794-5
»?
»»
m
1
Langlands &1
Robertson, j
Tea-pot and stand : Mr. L. "\^'.
Adamson.
1795-6
1 »
••
@
^
Robertson & 1
Darling. J
Com. cup: dated 1795: Chester-
le-Street, Durham.
1796-7 1797-8
B
69
Thos. Watson.
Robertson &1
Darling. J
Name not traced.
Milk-jug : Mr. Fred. L. Fitzgerald.
Table spoon : .Mr. Davison.
Tablespoons: Mr. L. W. Adam
son.
1798-9
@
C33
Chrstn. Reid.
Tea-spoon : Mr. E. Heron-Allen.
03
John Robertson.
Cake basket : Mr. G. Riddell.
1799 1800
»»
'•
Q
As next below.
Tankard : Mr. M. Powell ; Tea
pot : Mr. T. G. Gibson.
1800-1
m
@
W
©
0
(D
John Langlands, ir.
Tea-pot : Mr. W. Smith, Glasg'w.
1801-2
'•
1 1
a
"
j^-
Table spoons : Mr. W. Boore.
1802-3
••
»»
iS
» t
„
Ice pail : Messrs. Hamilton and
Inches.
1803-4
"
1*
GS
Mark indistinct.
Milk-jug ; Me,ssi-s. Christie.
1804-5
83
»»
g
@
CS)
John Langlands,
Table spoon : Mr. Skinner.
1805-6
)¦•
11
Q
(ggi
Name not traced.
Oval bread basket : Mr.W. Boore.
1806-7
"
"
) »
@
^AU
Thos. Watson.
Com. flagon, "given to the church of
Hesket-in-the-Forest, 1807."
1807-8
"
"
"
[B
•'
.,
Table spoons : Mr. Ince.
1808-9
,,
»i
t •
@
1 1
„
Tea-caddy : Mr. Peters.
1809-10
63
^
m
0
Ilil
John Langlands|
Drthy. Langlands.
Pint mug: Mr. Lowe, Chester.
Tea-spoons : Mr. Fuller.
1810-1
"
-
tl
eg
Mark indistinct.
Soup ladle : Mr. Barnet.
1811-2
•'
It
t»
cs
Drthy. Langlands
Hot-water jug: Mr. H. D. EUis.
1812-3
i»
"
It
s
[33
Robert Pinkney.
Table spoons : Mrs. Budd.
1813-4
..
.<
It
Q
[£3
Name not traced.
Tea-spoons : Mr. Crichton.
¦ 1814-5
f »
"
t t
@
»»
„
Milk-jug : Mr. WiUiamson.
1-6 CS 0 o ^ @
Maker, Alexander Cameron,
of Dundee.
Tea-spoons : Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.
-|- Mark probably used after J. Langlands death by his widow, Domlliy Langlands.
The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

ZM

MARKS ON NEWCASTLE PLATE.

TABLE VII.
SIX stamps as below.

DATE
LETTER

KINOa HEAD. 0

LION
PASSAHT
£3

THREE
CASTLES 1

LEOPARD. HEAD
CROWNED

MAKER'S MARK.
fS3

maker's name.

articles ANI) owners.

1815-6

Q

Thos. Watson.

Punch ladle : General Meyrick.

1816-7

B

t i

11

1817-8
@
t ?
¦•
CS^
Name not traced.
Milk jug : Mr. \\'. Boore.
1818-9
D
1 1
1 1
1819-20
E
It
tt
GEO. IV.
1820-1
F
t*
tt
1821-2
Q
©
tt
"
rag
Thos. Watson.
Marrow scoop submitted to the
Author.
1822-3
m
t>
It
ft
„
Tea-spoon : Mr. E. Heron-Allen.
1823-4
Q
tt
» t
..
„
Small mug : Messrs. Debenham.
1824-5
K
,,
1 1
1825-6
L
1 1
It
1826-7
M
tt
tt
1827-8
N
tt
1 1
1828-9
0
»»
It
1829-30
P
t»
1 1
WM. IV.
1830-1
Q
tt
t t
1831-2
R
ft
l»
1832-3
@
0
t *
ft
»t
Thos. Watson.
Sauce ladle : .Mr. J. B. Stansby.
1833-4
T
It
1 1
1834-5
U
1 1
»t
1835-6
W
»»
It
1836-7
X
»t
JI
VICT.
1837-8
Y
tt
II
1838-9
Z
• t
tl
The Neivcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON NEWCASTLE PLATE.

TABLES VIII. AND IX.
SIX STAMPS AS BELOW. LEOPARD's HEAD UNCROWNED PROM 1846.

1839-40 1840-1

KIKC'S HEAD. 0

LION
PASSANT

THREE
CASTLES. II

LEOPARD HEAD
CROWNEI It

^ DATE
.LETTER QCD

tt

maker's NAME.

articles & OWNERS.

1864-5
1865-6

DATE
LETTER b

Name not traced.

Com. cup & paten :
Aspatria.
Do. do. do.

1841-21842-3

0

II tt

IIIt

1 1

G3j3 1 1

Thos. Watson.

Small mug : Col.
Fitzgerald.
Goblet : Mr W.
Boore.

1866-7
1867-8

c
d

1843-4

tt

tt

E

1868-9
e
1844-5
1 1
It
1 1
F
i869-70
f
1845-6
n
tl
G
1870-1
g
1846-7 1847-8
II
^
It
I
Ha
Name not traced.
Egg spoon • Mr.
Lowe.
1871-2
1872-3
h •
1
1848-9
II
II
J
1873-4
k
1849-50
••
II
K
1874-5
1
1850-1
»»
11
L
1876-6
m
1851-2
tl
It
M
1876-7
n
1852-3
II
tl
N
1877-8
0
1853-4
It
tl
0
1878-9
P q
1854-5
t»
II
P
1879-80
1865-6
It
It
Q
1880-1
r
1856-7
It
'•
R
1881-2
s
1857-8
II
-
S
1882-3
t
1858-9
i A p A t\l\
"
11
T
1883-4
u
1859-60 1860-1
1 1
tl
• 1
U
w
Tlie office uias
closed iq 1884.
1861-2
It
11
X
1862-3
1 1
11
Y
1863-4
•'
«t
Z
The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

349

NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE GOLDSMLFHS.
[from 1536 TO 1884.]

Name of

Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Free.

Latest
Mention.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention.

Free.

Latest
MentiujL

Thomas

Cramer

1536

John

Hewitt

I714

James
Chawbre
(Durham)
Geoffrey
HaU
John
Carnaby
1717
1733
Humphrey
Coyll
Thomas
Gannon
))
1757
Nicholas
Cramer
Nathaniel
Shaw
1717
1741
Valentine
Baker
CI560
Abraham
Hamer
1717
James
Austold
Joseph
Buckle (York)
,,
i73«
Nicholas
Brutte
Robert
Makepeace
1718
1775
John
Harper
Thomas
Partis
1720
1734
John
Cramer
"
William
Whitfield
?>
1742
Francis
Sose
John
Ramsay, junr.
1720
1728
.4nthony
Sympson
157I
1597
William
Prior
1722
1738
William
John
Seaton
Sympsoun
Daniel
(.\ssa\ Master)
Albert "
(Gateshead)
1724
Oswald
Carr
n
George
Bulman
,,
1743
John
Baker
))
William
Dalton
1725
176717571738
James
Wilson
Isaac
Cookson
1728
James
Wilkinson
1597
Thomas
Makepeace
"^
John
Bayne
1599
:6oo
Abraham
Anderson
1725
17531754
Thomas
Royd
Edward
GiU
(apprenticed)
Williamson
C1634
1670
Thompson (Durham)
1725
John
William
Robinson
d 1652
William
Partis
1731
1737
1759
William
Ramsay
1656
1656
1692
William
Carr
(Mayor i6go).
(Mayor 1737)
John
Dowthwaite
l566
di673
William
Beilby
1739
1 76 1
William
Robinson
J)
,,
1698
Stephen
Buckle
1740
1741
John
Norris
1674
(of York)
'
Francis
Batty, senr.
d 1711
Edward
Hewitson
174I
Albany
Dodson
1679
Robert
I-'eat
¦>•>
EU
Bilton
1683
d 1712
Edward
French
17S0
Ffrancis
Anderson
1687
John
French
,,
Cuthbert
Ramsay
1687
Richard
Nicholson
,,
Abraham
Hamer
1690
1717
John
Kirkup
,,
William
Ramsay, junr.
169I
d 1716
John
Stoddart
JJ
Robert
Shrive
1694
1702
Thomas
Blackett
,,
Thomas
Hewitson
1697
1717
Nicholas
Armstrong
,,
John
Ramsay
1698
1708
Richard
Armstrong
,,
Ramsay
1700
1703
Thomas
Stoddart
,,
1753
(or Ramsgill)
Samuel
Thompson
1750
1785
Margaret
Ramsay
1702
John
Goodrick
1754
Thomas
Armstrong
,,
1704
John
Langlands
1754
177S
Roger
West
„
John
Langlands & |
1756
.¦Mexander
Campbell
John
Goodrick /
)J
Richard
Hobbs
1744
Matthew-
Prior
1759
1773
Thomas
Lightly
1703
1707
(Assay Master)
Jonathan
l''rench
d 1732
James
Crawford
1763
1795
Thomas
Gannil
1703
1717
1717
David
Crawford
,,
1784
John
Younghusband
1706
di7i8
Joseph
Hutchinson
„
Thomas
Snowden
1707
1708
Samuel
James
11
1765
Francis
Batty, junr.
1708
1728
Peter
Jaraes
1765
1767
James
Shrive
1710
James (or
John) Jobson
1768
1784
Mark
Martin
1710
John
Fearney
1772
1773
John
Langwith
(YorkAssayMaslcrJ
1712
1718
JamesRobert
Hetherington Armstrong
1774
17821777
Mark Grey
Nicholson
,,
1718
1754
Hethering
ton & Edwards
James
Kirkup
1713
1753
Matthew
Williamson
'
1780
350

The Newcastle Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

Free.

Latest
Mention.

Name of Goldsmith.

Earliest
Mention

Free.

Latest
Mention.

John

Armstrong

1774

1780

Thomas

Watson

1793

1845

Nicholas

Armstrong, jr.

))
John
Langlands, jr
J)
1804
Richard
.Airmstrong
„
J)
John
Robertson &)
1795
1 801
Thomas
Armstrong
,,
David
Darling /
John
Wilkinson
,^
,^
John
Robertson
,,
))
Geo. Wm.
Chalmers
G. L. &
I. W.
1797
John
Hackworth
Anne
Robertson
1801
John
Haldon
IJ
Dorothy
Langlands
1804
1814
Anthony
Hedley
,,
James
Walkingshaw
1815
William
Williamson
„
C.
D.
1817
1818
George
Hogg
I.
R. 1
1818
1819
Robert
Mitchell
^^
I.
W. i
William
Stalker & |
R.
C. 1
1819
1S20
John
Mitchison i
1774
1784
R.
D. r
Timothy
Williamson
1777
1780
I.
w.
1839
1840
Robert
Pinkney
)»
1779
G.
G.
1846
Robert
Scott
)1
Reid & Son
1851
(From 1779
Pinkney & Scott)
J.
Somerville
John
Langlands &)
1778
(.\ssav Master)
John
Robertson |
1793
Thomas
Sewili
1880
Pinkney &
Scott
1779
1790
(W,arden i8,ii)
John
Mitchison
1784
1792
James \\'.
Walkinshaw
1884
Christian
F.
.-\nthony
Reid
R.
Hedley
17881789
1813
17961800
(Warden)
Thomas .-\rthur Reed
(Warden)
James Robson
"
Robert
Scott
1790
1793
(Assay Master)
Robert
Pinkney
1825
R.M.
Craig
,,
W.
R.
1793
Thc Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks. 351

CHAPTER XV.
THE CHESTER GOLDSMITHS
AND THEIR MARKS.
The goldsmiths of Chester have been placed after those of New- ti,c goldsmiths of
Chester, a
castle not by reason of their inferiority, but because, unlike all the other bXeen'Se'"''
provincial guilds, they have an assay office which is still alive, and in the twem'ieth''"
century.
full exercise of a healthy competition with their modern rivals, thus
being a connecting link between the provincial goldsmiths of the
Middle Ages and of the twentieth century.
In regard to antiquity precedence might well be claimed for the
goldsmiths and moneyers of Chester over all their provincial brethren.
The names found on Chester coins are those of the earliest of its citizens
whose names are recorded. The British Museum list of Chester moneyers
contains twentyseven whose names appear on coins of the time of ^Moneye°rs"of

Athelstan (925-40), one of the reign of Edmund (940-46), twelve of the
time of Edgar (959-75), twentythree of the time of Ethelred, thirty of
the time of Canute, sixteen of the time of Harold I. (1035-40), six of
the time of Hardicanute (1040-42), and the names of twentyone are
recorded as of the time of Edward the Confessor. It is, however,
recorded in Domesday Book that in the reign of Edward the Confessor
the legal number of moneyers in Chester was seven only. Mr. J.
Brownbil], of Chester, suggests that this limitation of the number may
have been made in The Confessor's reign, and directs attention to the
similarity of the names of seven moneyers to the names of a like number
appearing in Domesday book as holders of land in the county in 1066 —
many of the names being identical. They are as follows : —
On Coins. In Domesd.\y Book.
Alxxi ... ... ... Alsi.

Chester.

Arngrim or /Erngrim
DunnincGodric ...
LeofwineLeofnoth
Wolfnoth or Wulnoth

Aregrim or Haregrim (for .-^rengrini).
Dunning.
Godric. Leuuin (for Levwin).
Leuenot (for Levenoth).
Ulnod (for Wulnoth).

00-

The Chester Goldsmiths anci their Marks.

In a paper read by Mr. Wm. Fergusson Irvine before the Chester
Archeeological Society, in 1903, on some recently discovered documents
relating to Chester in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, it is pointed
out that the names of several goldsmiths appear described not as
moneyers but as goldsmiths ("aurifab.")
N.-,mesoi Chester Thc carlicst of thesc documents (all of which are in the abbreviated
goldsmiths occur
cenlur?deeds. kw-Latln of thc perlod) is undated, but the date is otherwise proved to
be about 1225. It is a deed whereby one "Adam son of Haman son of
Herbert the Skinner quit-claims in full Portmoot (the city court) to
Nicholas son of Herbert and his heirs all his lands within the walls of
Chester and outside for three marks of silver." One of the many
witnesses to the deed is John the Goldsmith.
By a later deed [circa 1265) Lady Alice de la Haye, Prioress of the
nuns at Chester, and the convent there, granted to Margery Erneys
formerly wife of Richard of Rhuddlan, a certain piece of land in the city of
Chester (which the said Richard gave to the grantors in pure and perpetual
alms) in St. Werburgh's lane in Chester, lying between the land of Henry
nephew of the said Richard and the land of Bartholomew the Goldsmith,
Mr. Henry Taylor, F.S.A., has traced three generations of gold
smiths in Chester in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Amongst
a number of ancient deeds exhibited by him at a meeting of the Chester
Archaeological Society on the 24th March, 1903, there were some of
particular interest in this connection. The first of these was undated,
but from the fact of the Mayor and the two Sheriffs of the city having
been witnesses to the execution of this deed the date is fixed as within
the years 1271-2. This was a bond from Nicholas "called the Great"
(goldsmith) to pay to John de Stanlow son of Thurstan de Stanlow 5s.
of silver at four terms of the year for certain land of his in Foregate
Street of the city of Chester.
In another Chester deed dated 1282-3 Mathew the Goldsmith
("aurifabir") is a witness; in another, dated 1292, the names of Nicholas
the Goldsmith (" aurifabro ") and Walter the Goldsmith appear as
witnesses, and in another deed, also dated 1292, Nicholas the Goldsmith
(" aurifabro ") is a witness.
A deed dated "Thursday before the feast of St. Mark," 28 Ed. i
(1309) is an appointment by WiUiam de Doncaster [by Richard Candelan,
citizen of Chester, as his attorney] to put Adam his (Doncaster's) son in

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks. 353
seisin inter alia of one other messuage with the appurtenances and the
cellar " which I bought of Nicholas son of Bertram the Goldsmith in
Eastgate Strete of the city aforesaid and in one messuage with appur
tenances in Foregate Strete of the city aforesaid lying between the land
of Richard the Clerk of Chester on the one part and the lane called Cow
Lane on the other part the which I have of the demise of the aforesaid
Nicholas called the Goldsmith."
Mr. Taylor suggests, apparently with sufficient reason, that the
latter Nicholas (called the Goldsmith) was a grandson of Nicholas
" called the Great " (goldsmith), thus : —
Nicholas "the Great."

Mathew. Bertram the Goldsmith.
I I
Nicholas. Nicholas the Goldsmith.
No other goldsmith is found mentioned after Nicholas (the younger)
until 1402, when the name of Richard Pratt is found. There is a long
gap after this, another not being found mentioned until 1540, when
Lawrence Smith, of Chester, goldsmith, was Mayor of the city. He
was Mayor also in 1558 and in 1570. Thenceforward goldsmiths' names
are found recorded in a fairly continuous line down to the present day.
Chester is not mentioned in the Statute 2 Henry VI. (1423), by chesiemot
. 1 ,, mentioned in the
which York and five other towns were appointed to have "touches; .-\ct of 1423 as
^ ^ one of the towns
the explanation of the omission being that Chester appears already to a^PtZcv'" '"^"^
, .... . , probably because
have had a "touch. Inasmuch as there were mints m the city certainly that privilege was
already enjoyed.
as early as the time of Athelstan, 925-40, and goldsmiths (that is to
say workers of gold and silver as distinguished from makers of coin)
were established there in the thirteenth century, as we have seen by the
above references, it seems clear that no statutory provision was necessary
in the fifteenth century for establishing a privilege which had been
enjoyed for two centuries previously. It should also be borne in mind,
as Mr. Henry Taylor has pointed out to the author, that "from early
Norman days both the county and the city of Chester were under the
Earl of Chester, who held his court at Chester Castle, and not under
the crown ; wherefore Chester sent no members to Parliament until 23

354 The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.
the time of Henry VIII." It is probable therefore that the "touch"
of Chester was regulated by its Earl and not by Parliament as York
and the other provincial touches appear to have been. A charter granted
by Queen Elizabeth recognised, inferentially, the existence of more
ancient privileges; Whatever may be the date of the origin of those
privileges they certainly appear to have been exercised in the sixteenth
century, for the records prove the existence of a guild or company of
goldsmiths in 1573, in October of which year a brother was made free of
the "mystery." The undated minute preceding that which relates to
the admission of a brother in 1573 runs as follows : —
Maker's mark ' "Itm that noc biothcr shall delevere noe plate by him wrought unles his
strrrOTaiipiate touclie be marked and set vpon the same beffore deleverie thereof vpon paine of
before ,573. forfeiture of everie deffalt to be levied out of his goods iij^- iii'f"
This minute seems to indicate that there was then no system of
assay by a duly appointed "searcher" in force, and that each brother
was allowed to " touch " his own wares, but was obliged under the
above penalty to stamp them with his own mark before delivery, so that
remedy might be obtained by the purchaser in case the plate should
prove worse than standard.
An entry of 1585 in the company's books contains a list of the
members of the guild then working, and their names will be found in the
chronological list of goldsmiths which follows the tables of Chester marks.
The guild appears to have been careful in regulating the charges to
be made for work by its members, so that no one should undersell the
others, as the following entries, dated 8 March, 1603, with reference to
the prices to be charged for the silver arrows and bells given as prizes
at the Shrovetide sports, testify : —
No goldsmith to " Y' is agreed by the whole compeney of gouldsmyths y' this order shall be
fciimrcraftsmen. houlden and kept amongst us all, that the brood arrows against Shrooftid shall
way everie one vj'' ' stalling ' and every one of the compeney shall not sell ^'nder
ix"* and for every on that selles vnder ix'' shall fforfyt xij and it isfourther agreyed
that the Steward for y* time shall come and sey them wayd and touchte and have
for his paynes ij"* a duzen."
" It is agreed by the Alderman and Steward of the gouldsmiths y* whosover
shall make the bell* that shalbe made against Shrovetide for the Sadlers shall have
for his paines iij^- iiij''- and yf any of the compeney shall offend in the premisses,
he shall pay unto the alderman and steward and the reste of the compeney being
iij^- iiij"- " And y' all the oulde bells shalbe broke and not any of the compeney to by
any to be new burnished or sould to the peneltee aforesaid iij"- iiij''"
The silver bell appears to have been given as a prize for the lleetest horse in one of the races
held in Chester in 1512. This race was the forerunner of the celebrated " Chester cup " race.

town-mark or
date-letter before
1685.

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks. 355
The books of the company contain entries from the time of Queen
Elizabeth downwards, but the minutes and accounts of the seventeenth
century down to the end of the reign of Charles II. refer for the most
part to feasts, processions, charities and fines upon admission to the
freedom of the company.* There is no reference to an assay other than
by " touch " as mentioned above with reference to the arrows, nor to any
marks other than the worker's own mark, and it seems probable that no
regular assay was made, and no town-mark or date-letter used till after
March 6th, i68| — the date of the charter granted by King James II.
The most persistent search has been made but no evidence has been
found indicating their use prior to 1687.
It seems clear that the cycle of date-letters for the period 1664-5 ^^ no evidence of the
use of a Chester
1688-9 ^nd the three marks, consisting of (i) the city arms (2) the crest
(a sword erect), and (3) a date-letter, as set forth in " Hall Marks on
Plate," are entirely inaccurate, just as the reference to a fleur-de-lis
having been used as a Chester mark from 1689 to 1696 most certainly is,
as will presently be demonstrated. The first establishment of a regular
assay and adoption of assay marks seems beyond doubt to have been in
1687, consequent upon the Charter of James II. in 1685.
Much plate disappeared from Chester in the time of Chas. I., as is Recorded sale of
Chester plate for
proved by a minute in the Records of the Chester Corporation of the ^ji^sioninto
last day of June 1645, recording a resolution "to sell so much of the
Corporation plate as would amount to £100 to be forthwith converted into
coin for the necessary use and defence of the ' citty.' "
This would not, however, account for the disappearance of all
Chester-made plate from private hands, and there is probably much still
in existence, but as only a maker's mark appears to have been stamped
on Chester plate before 1687, the identification of any of earlier date
is extremely difficult. On this point, it is interesting to note that the
Chester mace of the year 1668 has only a maker's mark stamped on it.
The operation ofthe Charter of James II. was very short lived, for ci.esterassay
the rights and privileges conferred by it were suspended by the Act of r'e-estabiished by
1696, but by the Act 12 & 13 Wm. III. c. 4 (170?), Chester, being one ..4('7o5)-
of the several cities where mints had been erected, was re-established as
'••¦• The following extract from the minute book—" Memorandum that the 22nd of Aprill, 1631,
came into the company of the goldsmiths Sillvaynus Glegg and was sworn and paid his money " —
is of interest in connection with the fact that six years later he is found to have been established
as a goldsmith at Dublin, and named in the charter of 1637 as one of the original members of the
Dublin Goldsmiths' Company. There was from very early times a close connection between Chester
and Dublin.

1 7th and i8th
centuries.

356 The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.
an assay town, and under that Act, as modified by the 12 Geo. II. c. 26,
it has continued a flourishing existence down to the present day, the
work done there of recent years being greatly in excess of anything
recorded in its past history.
Chester Thc Chestcr goldsmiths, like those of other cities, appear to have
Goldsmiths of the & ) > V f
been well represented amongst the civic dignitaries, as is testified by the
number of them who from time to time filled the offices of Mayor and
Sheriff. Certain families seem to have furnished goldsmiths in succeeding
generations. In the earliest records, as we have seen, Nicholas "the
Great," goldsmith, was the father and grandfather of two others ; then
there are the Lynglays, followed by the Edwardses in three generations,
and, later on, the Pembertons in two generations; the Richardsons,
father, son and grandson, apparently, for as there was a Richard
Richardson working in connection with the Assay Office, either assaying
or having his wares assayed for no less than eighty-three years, there
could not well have been less than three generations of them. Mr.
Lowe, the present Assay Master, says that there were at least two in a
direct line, for one of them died in 1768, and the name was continued
uninterruptedly in working connection with the Office from 1708 to
1 79 1, as shown by the following entries : —
" 1708. Reed, of Mr. Richd. Richardson in lieu of a feast
1721. May 20. L'kwiss Mr. Willm. Richardson 
1724. Sept. 29. Sums reed, by members from Owen Jones's
legacy : To Thomas Maddock, Warden ...
Wm. Richardson, Warden
Richard Richardson, Assay Master ...
1734. .-Vug. ig. Richard Richardson at his admission to the
Worshipfull Company of Goldsmiths 2 10
1772. July 14. To paid the Children of the late Mr.
Richardson for arrears due to their
late Father.
The last entry relating to the Richardsons is dated 1791, and is in
connection with "Duty."
In more recent times, there have been goldsmiths of the Lowe
family in a continuous line from 1796 down to the present day, the
family being now represented by the Assay Master, Mr. Jas. F. Lowe, the
assayer Mr. W. Foulkes Lowe, and the firm of Lowe & Son, goldsmiths.
•» Formerly, it appears to have been the custom for members of the Company, on admission, to
give a feast. This was subsequently commuted to a fine or money payment of £^ los. od.

£

s.

d.

2

10

0®

T

10

o»

3

0

oi

3

0

o\

3

0

ol

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks. 357
It may not be out of place to mention in connection with the Chester
goldsmiths the name of the late Mr. Joseph Mayer, F.S.A., who, although
not a Chester man, had a long continued connection with the city.
Born at Newcastle-under-Lyne in 1803 and educated at Chester, after
serving an apprenticeship with a relative named Wordsley — a goldsmith
in Lord Street, Liverpool — Mayer himself started in the same street a
business which he carried on with remarkable success until 1873. For
nearly thirty years he sent wrought gold and plate to the Chester assay
office, where most of his work, celebrated for its excellence at a time
when goldsmiths' work was not generally remarkable for good taste,
was assayed. He was a collector of Greek, Roman and Anglo-Saxon
antiques, and of British plate, and bequeathed the whole of his collections
(amongst which is the celebrated Pudsey spoon) to the town of Liverpool
where, in a museum bearing his name, they are preserved. He died
in 1886. In March, 1773, Mr. John Scasebrick,* then the Assay Master at
Chester, was summoned to appear before the Parliamentary Committee
appointed to enquire into the manner in which the provincial assay
offices were then being worked. The following is Mr. Gilbert's report
of his evidence : —
METHOD OF CONDUCTING THE ASSAY OFFICE
AT CHESTER.
" Mr. John Scasebrick (essay master of Chester and a jeweller) informed your
committee, that there is a company of goldsmiths and watchmakers at Chester,
which consists of two wardens and about eight other members ; and produced,
pursuant to the order of your committee, the several accounts annexed in the
appendix No. 3, and said, that he never made any entries of, nor took any diet
from, plate that proved worse than standard ; but upon his report of it to the
wardens it was defaced and returned to the owners ; that he cannot recollect the
quantity of plate broke since he has been in the office, but about a month ago,
one dozen of watch cases, that came from Liverpool to be assayed, were broke ;
and that he has broke other kinds of plate about a year or two ago, which
belonged to a silversmith in Chester ; that he is paid for plate which is broke
and defaced, the same prices as if it was standard, according to Act of Parliament,
and enters such payments in a book ; but no entry is made of plate broken.
The witness further informed your committee, that the plate which has been
sent by Messrs. Boulton and Fothergill, of Soho, near Birmingham, to be assayed
-¦¦ Mr. Henry Taylor suggests that the name is properly " Scarisbrick," that of a well-known
Lancashire family. It probably became "Sca'sbrick" by contraction, and eventually as written by
the Parliamentary reporter.

358 The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.
and marked at the Chester office, has generally been 2 or 3 dwt. above standard,
and that he never received any plate from the said Boulton and Fothergill which
was under standard ; that he calls 1 1 oz. 2 dwt. standard, and 1 1 oz. i dwt. or
anything under 1 1 oz. 2 dwt. under standard ; and never received any plate in his
time from Birmingham or Shefiield that was under standard.
Being asked if he had any Assistant in the Office ? — he answered, when I am
not well, I have a person whose name is Farmer, and who assisted Mr. Richardson
my predecessor ; that Farmer was not a sworn officer, neither was he appointed
by the company.
That the witness served his apprenticeship with Alderman Richardson, the
late assay master, and that the assay office is at Alderman Richardson's house,
where all the utensils remain ; that he never knew an instance of several things
in one parcel of plate sent to be assayed that were made of different sorts of
silver as to fineness ; and that when there are a great number of pieces, he scrapes
some off most or all of them, and assays them all together ; that he never knew
an instance of buckles worse than standard, having pieces of silver soldered to
them in order to obtain the company's marks ; and believes he could very safely
swear they were all as they were cast.
Being asked his method of drawing, he answered : If pieces come, from
which I can cut off bits, I cut them off ; but if there are no pieces fit for cutting,
I scrape them with a sharp scraper. I then take an assay weight, called 12 ounces,
but which is about 17 grains, and weigh as much of such cuttings or scrapings as
are equal to the 12 ounces, which is then wrapped in lead, and when the furnace
and coppels are hot enough, the assay is put in and refined, but no flux is used,
because the lead refines it; if it comes out iioz. 2dwt. fine silver, we mark it
with the lion, the leopard's head, the city arms (being three lions and a wheat
sheaf) and the letter for the year ; the letter for the present vear is U. Sometimes
we pass it at 11 ounces, but when only 11 ounces, I write to the owners and give
them a caution to take care another time.
The witness said he wrote to some silversmiths at Liverpool, whose plate
was full II ounces, not long since, and had done so to others ; and his intentions
were not to pass it again if they sent it only 1 1 ounces fine, but they took care to
mend their silver.
That if there is a great deal more solder than necessary upon watch cases,
and they were melted down into one mass, the standard of such silver would be
reduced in proportion to the quantity of solder, because solder has one third of
allay in it ; and believes solder may be added to silver wares after they are
assayed ; that he knows nothing of the solder necessary for tankards, because he is
not acquainted with tankards, having never assayed any ; and never returned any
silver wares for having apparently too much solder.
That he marks the plate after it is assayed, if it proves standard, and keeps
the marks locked up.
That the late Mr. Richardson was a manufacturer of silver at the time he
was assayer, and generally kept two or three people at work in that manufacture ;
and that Farmer (who sometimes assays for the witness when sick or out of town)
worked for Mr. Richardson near thirty years, and assayed and marked his plate ;
that the witness never heard of Mr. Richardson's plate being objected to as under
standard ; and believes it was not in the power of any man living to object to it,

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks. 359
as there never was better silver worked ; that it was oftener above standard than
under, and that he had tried it and found it so himself ; and never found any of
Mr. Richardson's plate under 11 ounces.
That the witness works a little in the jewelling way ; but never worked
above ten or twelve ounces since he has been in that trade ; that he has no fixed
salary as assay master ; his profit arises from the prices allowed by .A.ct of
Parliament, which never amounted to ;£'io in any one year.
That he doth not assay the lead before he puts the silver in it, because he
uses litharidge lead, which has had all the silver taken out of it ; and although it
may happen, that by an overstrong blast upon the test some of the silver may be
blown over with the litharidge, yet the quantity is so small that it would make
very little difference.
That he takes ten grains upon every pound of silver which he puts into the
diet box, besides which he is paid for the assay ; because it is the custom of the
town, and allowed by .Act of Parliament.
That the diet was never sent to the tower to be assayed, nor was ever
required by the Lord Chancellor, or anybody else, in the witness's time. Being
asked what quantity of diet there was now in the office at Chester ? he said he
could not tell ; for when he wanted silver he had taken some out.
That he has tried all his assay weights, down to the pennyweight, and they
all bear a due proportion ; and that he has a halfpenny weight.
That he never met with any silver allayed with tin, and imagines it would
not be malleable enough to bear the hammer, but would be too brittle. Upon
being asked, how he knew when silver was sufficiently assayed ? he answered, we
know by the assay, it has first a cap over it, then that works off in various colours
and after that it grows quite bright, and then we know all the lead is worked
away ; we always use a sufficient quantity of lead."
As the result of the enquiry concerning the manner of working at
the Chester assay office the following report was made to Parliament : —
"Your committee upon closing the evidence relative to the assay office at
Chester, in order to testify their approbation thereof, made the following
observation, viz., ' that it appears to this committee that the assay office at
Chester has been conducted with fidelity and skill.' "
The reputation gained in 1773 appears to have been maintained and
increased since then. Under the Acts of Parliament governing its
conduct there is no obligation on the Chester Goldsmiths' Company to
send its diet to the mint, the Chester authorities, however, in 1889
voluntarily undertook to send it up annually as a guaranty of the
propriety with which the business of the assay office is conducted.
The management of the affairs of the assay office is conducted by the
Chester Goldsmiths' Company, admission to which is by servitude only,
and no person is eligible until after he has served an apprenticeship of
seven years to a free brother of the Company.

The Chester
' Coat and Crest "

360 The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.
CHESTER GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.
The following entry, extracted from the minute book of the Chester
on\°wo"p"m^ons' Goldsmlths' Company, is the first reference which has been found to any
and annual letter
adoptedas mark other than the maker's mark : —
W arden s niarks
¦68f. 1686, Feb. ist.® — " .\nd it is further concluded the warden's marks shall be
the coat and crest of the citty of Chester on two punsons with the letter for the
year, and the wardens according to the statute made in the third year of King
Edward the fourth shall go from shop to shoppe once every week or as oft as they
see needful to make search for all goldsmiths' wares exposed to sale without such
marks as aforesaid."
" And that every Brother of the said Mistery of Goldsmiths shall bring in his
mark to be stamped in their office on a table of copper the impression thereof
to remain to the end that every one's perticular mark may be known."
The following entries in the cash accounts and minute-book go to
show that although the resolution as to marking was carried out, the
letter was not changed every year.
From the Cash Account. £ s. d.
"1687 Paid for ye tuches engraving ... ... o 12 o
Paid for ye three punsons ... ... ... o 00 6"
From the Minute Book.
" June 2nd 1690. Memorandum it was this day agreed upon by the Company
of Goldsmiths and Watch Makers that the second day of June shall be the
election day for M"^- and Wardens and accordingly Peter Edwards senior was
chosen M''- and Peter Edwards junior and Timothy Gardner Wardens and the
same day the letter was changed from A to B for one year."
From the Cash Account.
" Paid for 5 essayes att the tower
For a box and three locks and hinges
For one ounce of fine silver to make essay of. . .
1692 April nth Paid for a puncheon and engraving
ye letter C ... ... ... ... o 01 06
1694 •''-•ne nth To Mr. Bullen for a new letter
punson ... ... ... ... o 01 00
1697 June 2nd Paid for the punson and carriage ... o 05 08"
With reference to what is to be deduced from the above entries,
Mr. Cripps observed in "Old English Plate" that it "points to the
adoption of a date-letter in the year 1689." With all due respect to the
late learned antiquary's opinion, the author is bound to remark that the
entries of 1686-7 point much more conclusively to the adoption of the
letter A as a date-letter in 168^, for it is scarcely likely that the puncheons
¦» i.e., 1687.

0

02

06

0

09

06

0

05

00

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks. xGx

o^

were allowed to remain unused for two years after having been obtained.
On the other hand, the minute of June 2nd, 1690, to the effect that on
that day the letter was changed from A to B, and the cash entry of
April nth, 1692, "Paid for a puncheon and engraving ye letter C,
IS. 6d.," show that the letter A was not changed until June 2nd,
1690, and that from June, 1690, until April, 1692, the letter B was used.
From April, 1692, until June, 1694, the letter used was C.
The letter on the new puncheon procured from Mr. Bullen in 1694
is not described, but it may be conjectured that it was D. What the
" punson " was, which was obtained on June 2nd, 1697, does not appear.
Possibly it may have been E, but there is no authority for saying that it
was that letter, and the ordering by the company of any kind of punch
at a time when the right to assay and mark plate was suspended seems
to require some explanation.
There appears to have been much extraordinary misconception as
to what the two marks adopted by the Chester Goldsmiths by their
resolution of Feb. ist 1687, really were. Mr. Cripps made no mistake
in interpreting these marks, but his illustrations having been inaccurately
drawn, of different sizes and out of scale with each other, are misleading,
because the marks are in reality all of similar size. Mr. Chaffers, how
ever, made the mistake of imagining that a Chester spoon belonging to
the Marquess of Breadalbane bore the mark of a fleur-de-lis (a mark
entirely foreign to Chester) and his editor, Mr. Markham, having
continued that error, the committee of the Burlington Fine Art Club
were thereby apparently misled into describing in connection with their rhe Aeur-de-i,.
erroneouslv
excellent loan exhibition of plate in 1901 some plainly marked 17th ^"^"^^^f"'
century Lincoln spoons as of "Chester manufacture." In "Hall Marks
on Plate " it is stated that " in an old minute-book there is a sketch
of a fleur-de-lis, from which it may be inferred that the fleur-de-lis was
an old Chester mark." A search of all the old minute-books reveals no
such sketch, and no evidence that any such mark was ever used at
Chester. In order to settle this question. Lord Breadalbane lent the
(Chester) spoon referred to above (and several other pieces of plate)
to the author for the purpose of transcribing their marks for this
work. The way in which the above mistake originated was then
revealed. The marks on the spoon are : — i. AP conjoined, in a shaped
shield — the mark of Alexander Pulford ; 2. The Chester town-mark
— three garbes surmounted by a sword in pale ; 3. A plume of three

362 The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks,
feathers encircled with a coronet in a plain shield — the badge of the
Prince of Wales, who is also Earl of Chester ; and 4. A small black
letter H in a shield. The third mark (placed second in Mr. Chaffers'
illustration) has been so inaccurately drawn in "Hall Marks on Plate"
that it is made to appear like a fleur-de-lis, and on the following page
two lines of Lincoln marks with the fleur-de-lis in a circular stamp
are given as examples of "uncertain Chester marks," apparently because
the plume of feathers had been made to present the appearance of a
fleur-de-lis. The author has found no other example of the plume of feathers on
Chester plate. In the other four examples of Chester-marked plate of
the period 1687-92, the town-mark is the same (on a slightly different
shield) but a sword erect with a riband attached takes the place of the
plume of feathers. With reference to this mark Mr. Chaffers also fell
into an error in describing the sword as "issuing from an earl's coronet,
the five pellets underneath indicating the balls of the coronet." What
Mr. Chaffers imagined to be pellets indicating the balls of a coronet is
in reality a crest-wreath from which the sword issues.* All the date-
letters of this period which have been found are A, B and C in a hybrid
black-letter and court-hand type. It will be noticed that the date-letter
The date.ietters H OU Lord Brcadalbane's spoon is different in character from the other
prior to 1701. letters. The B and C which follow are nondescript. It seems absurd to
suggest on the basis of these four letters that an entire alphabet of black-
letter capitals was used from 1664 to 1688, and that eight letters of
another alphabet were used from 1689 to 1696, when there is not a
tittle of evidence indicating the use of any date-letter before 1687.
Yet one complete cycle of date-letters, and a third of another, covering
this period of thirtyfour years, are illustrated in "Hall-marks on Plate"
upon less foundation than that exhibited in the first of the following
tables. The construction of this imaginary table is supported by placing
the date-letter "B" of 1690-2 as far back as 1665, without any other
reason than that the name of Peter Pemberton (whose initials compose the
maker's mark) has been found in the minute book from 1677 until 1702.
Tables so constructed cannot but be misleading to those who have not
had the time or opportunity to ascertain the facts for themselves.
It will be observed that in the first of the following tables a
"sterling" mark is illustrated. The first instance of such a mark occurs
¦•- In one of the sword-erect marks a coronet appears ; it is, however, not an earl's coronet but
one resembling an Eastern crown.

"Sterling" Mark
on Chester plate.

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks, 363
on an alms-dish, dated " 1683," in the Church of St. John the Baptist,
Chester, and the last on a spoon with flat stem and trifid end, which
in 1 90 1 belonged to Mr. Heming. The first bears the mark of Ralph
Walley, 1682-92, and the last bears what is suggested to be the mark
of either Puleston Partington or Peter Pemberton, (1677-1701.) The alms-
dish was probably made before the adoption of the town-mark and date-
letter in 1687, and the "sterling" stamp was probably the maker's
guaranty that the silver was ofthe "sterling" standard. The appearance
of the "sterling" stamp, with the date-letter C of 1692-4, after the
adoption of the town-mark in 1687, is much more puzzling and, in the
absence of evidence regarding its use, it is scarcely worth while
suggesting an explanation.
It appears clear that the date-letters shown in Table I. were each
used for more than a year and, having regard to the smallness of the
number of goldsmiths and plate-workers at Chester at this time, and the
small amount of plate then assayed and marked, it is not surprising that
one date-letter stamp should have served for two or three years.
It seems probable in view of the entry in the cash account of 5s. 8d.
paid for a punch in June 2nd, 1697, that work was continued after the
Act of 1696 had been passed, but what the marks were does not appear
by any record, and the author has found no Chester-marked plate which
can be ascribed to the period between 1695 and 1701.
On the re-establishment ofthe Chester assay office in 1701 by the Marks used from
_ - iTiii 11 1701 onwards.
12 & 13 Wm. IIL, c. 4, the marks used were the hon s head erased and
figure of Britannia — as in London and all the other English provincial
offices, a new form of the town-mark, viz., the three lions or leopards of
England dimidiating the three gerbes of the Earldom of Chester in a
plain shield, and a date-letter. The cycle of date-letters from 1701 to The date-ietters
1725-6 inclusive, was an alphabet of twentyfive Roman capitals A to Z, i?™.''" °
excluding J, the top corners of the C, G and K and the two extremities
of the S terminating in a curl. The maker's mark was composed of the
first two letters of his surname.
The following extracts from the assay office cash accounts show all
the entries in respect of letter-punches from 1702 to 1724 : —
Paid Mr. Bullen for puncheon (B) 026
„ Mr. Bullen for Letter (C) 026
Paid Mr. Bullen for the Letter D o 02 06
Paid Mr. Bullen for the Letter E o 02 06
„ Mr. Bullen for the Letter F o 02 06
for the Letter G o 02 06

'9th July,

1702.

n

1703-

loth July,

1704.

25th Feb.,

1705-

gth July,

1706.

19th March,

1707.

gth July,

1708.

2 ist July,

1709-

gth July,

1710.

gth July,

1711.

gth Julv,

1712.

gth „¦

1713-

gth July,

1714.

gth July,

1715-

gth July,

1716.

2oth Feb.,

1724.

364 The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.
Paid Mr. Bullen for the Letter (H) o 2 06
Paid Mr. Bullen for the Letter (I) o 2 06
Paid Mr. Bullen for „ „ (K) o 2 06
Paid Mr. Bullen for the Letter (L) o 2 06
Paid Mr. Bullen for the Letter (M) o 02 06
Paid Mr. Bullen „ „ „ (N) o 2 06
For the Letter O
For the Letter P
For the Letter O
For five Hall Marks i 00"
All the twentyfive letters of the cycle 1701-26 are struck in the
copper plate preserved in the Chester assay office, as also are the marks
of makers whose plate was assayed there during the period of that cycle.
It should be noticed in the marks of the cycle 1701-26 that,
although on the restoration ofthe old standard in 1719-20, the leopard's
head crowned and lion passant took the places of the lion's head erased
and figure of Britannia, the makers' marks — composed of the first two
letters of the maker's surname — continued to be used for several years,
and the maker's mark — composed of the initials of his Christian and
surname — has not been found in conjunction with an earlier date-letter
than that of 1725-6.
After the first cycle the accounts for date-letters do not appear to
have been kept regularly, as the following extracts show : —
"nth July, 1726. For punch (A) to Mr. Richardson 026
i8th June, 1727. New Mark ... 026
gth July, 1728. For a new Mark ... 026
loth July, 1749. The Mark ... o 2 6"
The date.ietters Thc cntry of 1 726 cstabHshes the fact that the letter s^ was procured
from 1726 to ' . .
for use in that year. The alphabet used from 1726 to 1751 inclusive,
consisted of cursive capital letters ss^ to %, excluding^ Mr. Cripps
inserted the letter^ in his table for this period, and Mr. Chaffers, instead
of ^ inserted a second J^ with a little extra flourish in the top loop.
Neither of the letters so represented, however, appears to have been
used, nor was either struck on the copper plate at the office; and in
addition to the strong presumption against the use of the letter ^ there
is the following circumstantial evidence: — Belonging to Whitehaven
Church is a small communion cup bearing the Chester marks for 1732-3,
including the date-letter ^ and the mark of Richard Richardson — RR
addorsed in monogram. The cup is inscribed : — "Given for the use of the
poor sick communicants within the Chapelry of Whitehaven, in Cumberland ;
Rev. Geo. Heron, Moore Hall, Lane." The paten belonging to this cup is

175

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks. 365
inscribed "1732." There is another similar small cup and a paten with
the date-letter "J^ " similarly inscribed, (except as to date,) at Egremont*
in Cumberland; another at Kirkby Lonsdale with date-letter J^z^'also
similarly inscribed, and one more at Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire, with
the same date-letter J^ inscribed "1735." There is a pair of alms-basins
in Chester Cathedral with the date-letter ^ of 1737-8, inscribed: "The
gift of the pious Mrs. Sarah Buckle to the Cathedral Church of Chester
^737-" It is not wise to lay too much stress on inscribed dates, but the
examples cited combine to prove that the cycle is complete without
"^" or a second J^ and that the interpolation of either would only
distort the series.
The letters of the following cycle, 175 1-2 to 1775-6, are given by The date-ietter.s
both Mr. Chaffers and Mr. Cripps as Roman capitals, whereas three — '"a" ^'
the a, C, and m — have been found to be small Roman letters. The G
of this cycle is a Roman capital, the O might, of course, be either. The
form ofthe town mark and leopard's head fixes the a at 1751-2, because
in the following cycle these marks are differently formed. Moreover the
a of 1776-7 has a much more modern appearance. The form and date
of the m of 1762-3 is fixed by the communion cup at Tattenhall, Cheshire,
inscribed, "The gift of the Rev. Samuel Peploe, LL.B., Rector, i'/62."
No question arises here, as sometimes happens in the case of a bequest.
The cup was given to the church by the Rector while he filled that office.
The next fixture is the R of 1767-8, which is on a communion paten also
at Tattenhall, inscribed, "The gift of the Rev. Samuel Peploe, LL.D.,
Rector, 176"/," by which time the Rector had taken his degree of Doctor.
It seems, therefore, that there can be no question as to the placing of the
date-letters down to this point. Following the R of 1767-8 the letters
down to and including the X as illustrated in the table have been found,
but no other letter before the a of the following cycle. With regard to
the placing of the U, the author found some difficulty, similar to that
which he encountered in the case of the letter for 1772-3 at Newcastle,
Mr. Scasebrick having stated in his evidence before the Parliamentary
Committee that the letter for the year (1772-3) was "U." By filling in
a separate letter for each year the "U" was taken down to 1774-5.
Mr. Chaffers got over the difficulty by inserting the second ef in the
¦•¦¦¦ The actual date of this cup is confirmed by the following contemporaneous entry in the
Egremont Parochial Register: — "29th April 1735. William Stratford Dr. of Laws Ihcn gave a silver
cup and paten for ihe Benefit of the Sick Communicants iu the Parish of Egremond."

366

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The date-letters
from 1776 to
1818.

previous cycle and extending the alphabet now being considered, by
the addition of Y and Z, which were not used. Since every letter given
by him in an entire cycle, forty years later, is wrong, no help could be
hoped for from that quarter. Mr. Cripps finished this cycle with the
letter X, but without having found an example he appears to have
assumed that the letter J was used in two cases where it really was not,
and so contrived to place the U where it was required. The author
spent a considerable time in searching all the churches in Chester and
the neighbourhood, and having with the assistance of Mr. Lowe, the
assay master, examined several private collections as well as the books
of the company, the long-sought explanation was at last discovered in the
following entries : —
" 2gth May, I76g.

May 2gth, 1772.
Nov. 5th, 1775.

o 17
O 2

7 6'

Town-mark changed in 1779.

Paid for 7 Marks during ye time Mr.
Richardson was .4ssay Master
Paid for a Mark Punch
Paid the Assay Master for 3 Letter
punches
It thus appears that in 1769 seven marks were paid for, and not
another until the 29th May, 1772, so that the letter-punch obtained in
1769 probably served for the three years — 1769-70, 17 70-1 and 177 1-2.
In 1772 the "mark punch" was bought for 1772-3, and this, probably, was
the letter U punch referred to in his evidence by Mr. Scasebrick as the
letter for the year 1773. We have next the entry " Nov. 5th, 1775, paid
for three letter punches — 7s. 6d." These three punches must, it seems
clear, have been for the years 1773-4, 1774-5, ^n^ 1775-6 the last year
of that cycle.
From this point onwards the arrangement of the date-letters is
perfectly simple, the cycle 1776-7 to 1796-7 being composed of twenty-
one small Roman letters — a to V inclusive, excluding]. In the cycle
1797-8 to 181 7-8 the same number of Roman capitals were used.
Before proceeding further it should, however, be remarked that through
out the cycle 175 1-2 to 1775-6 the town-mark and leopard's head appear
to have been struck with the same two punches, which well might have
been the case in view of the comparatively small amount of work done
in those years, the only new punch other than date-letter punches being
one for the lion-passant mark for which a new punch appears to have
been obtained in 1768. In 1779 an entirely new set of punches were
procured and put into use, the town-mark being changed and the
representation of the city arms (as it appears in the town-mark from 1687

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks. 367
to 1692) was again adopted, the enclosing shield, however, being plain
instead of shaped. In the same year (1779) two new stamps were
obtained for the leopard's head and lion-passant marks respectively, and
these continued in use until December 1784, when, on the duty mark 
the king's head incuse — being brought into commission, an entire set
of new stamps was obtained of smaller size than those which preceded
them. The earlier marks are to be seen on a communion cup at
St. Mary's Church, and the later on a pair of gravy spoons belonging to
the Goldsmiths' Company, Chester, both being ofthe year 1784-5.
In the cycle of date-letters commenced in 18 18 Mr. Cripps and Mr. The date-ietters
Chaffers erred in common, both having made the mistake of inserting -"os-' '
the letter V which was never used. Apparently they did this in order
to fill the gap caused by assuming that the letter D of 182 1-2-3 was
used for one year only, whereas it was in use from the Sth Nov., 182 1,
till the 5th July, 1823, as shown by the following entries in the minute
book : — " 5th July, 1818— Letter A.
7th Sept., i8ig— Letter B.
loth May, 1820— The letter changed from B to C in order to give full
effect to some regulation to prevent fraud.
Sth Nov., 1821— Letter D.
5th July, 1822 — Letter D. (The same letter continued.)
5th July, 1823— Letter E."
In 1823 the leopard's head first appears uncrowned, and thence- Leopards head
forward the use of Roman capital letters was continued till 1839, in nTuseTatte'-'-^
which year the cycle ended with the letter U, and at the same time the
use of the leopard's head terminated. In 1839 a new cycle of black
letter capitals was commenced with the letter JI. In the next year the
following entry occurs in the minute book : " 5th Aug., 1840, at this
meeting the letter was changed from A to B."
After this there is no entry referring to the date-letter until " 5th
Aug., 1843, that the letter be changed from D to E."
Thenceforward the change of letter was made regularly on the 5th
August or following day in each year until 1900, since when it has been
made on the ist July; and the letters and other marks used were as
they appear in the following tables.
It remains to be said, with reference to the marks stamped on Marks on
wrought gold.
wrought gold assayed at Chester, that the observations regarding gold
wares assayed in London are applicable, mutatis mutandis, to wrought gold
assayed at Chester, namely, that the marks on gold and silver were

368 The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.
identical until 1798, when, for i8-carat gold, then first authorised, a
crown and 18 took the place of the lion passant, which was continued on
22-carat gold until 1844, when the crown and 22 were substituted for
it. Since then the lion passant has not been used on gold. From 1854
the new standards of 15, 12, and 9 carats have been stamped with
the figures 15-625, 12-5, and 9 '375, respectively, but neither the crown
nor the sovereign's head is to be found on gold of less fineness than 18
carats. By the courtesy of the Goldsmiths' Company and the assay master,
the marks in the following tables have been compared with those struck
on the copper plates so far as they exist at the assay office, whereby
their accuracy has, to that extent, been verified.
The names of Chester goldsmiths and of other goldsmiths and
plate workers who have had their plate assayed at Chester, which appear
in the lists following the tables of marks, have nearly all been supplied to
the author by the assay master, Mr. Jas. F. Lowe, B.A. ; the names,
however, of those still working have, by a rule of the office, been with
held, and where any such appear they have been obtained from other
sources.

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

569

MARKS ON CHESTER PLATE.

T.\BLI^ I.

DATE.

m.-\ker's mark, town mark
and date-letter.

m.aker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1BG8

George Oulton.

Mace : Presented in 1668 by the Earl of
Derby to the Chester Corporation.

cl683

@

Nathanl. Bullen.

Large paten : St. Mary's Church,
Chester.*

-

sg ® 1^

Ralph Walley.

Alms dish, dated 1683 : St. John
the Baptist, Chester.

1687-90

@ @ ^ 3

Ale.xand'r Pulford.

Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : The
Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.

»

!B W © iiiil

Peter Edwards.

Oval tobacco box : Genl. Wynne.

»

9$ © y

Ralph Walley.

Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr.
Crichton.

1S90-8

9 it f @

„

Com. flagon : Congregational
Church, Oswestry.

"

|OQ 1 < 11

f Puleston Partington
1 ™
(.Peter Pemberton.

Fluted porringer : Messrs. Christie.

1698-4

g S ^ ^

„

Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr.
Heming.

1605

S

Date-letter conjectured.

1696

€

Do. do.

1697

i

Do. do.
¦•¦¦ Inscribed " The Gift of Thomas Barlow, of Upton, to St. Mary's Church, Chester, 1683."
The observations in the preceding pages should be read in con
nection with this and the following Tables.
^4
370

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON CHESTER PLATE.

TABLE 11.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

BRIT
ANNIA,

l.ION'6 HEAD
ERASED.

DATE
LETTER,

TOWN
MARK.

HAKEB-8 MARK.

maker s name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

17(11-2

i

Q

^

il

OS

Richd. Richardson.

Rat-tail spoon: Mr. G. Lambert.

ANNE.
1702-3

»»

»»

m

^

John Bingley.

Do. do. : Messrs. Christie.

1703-4

»»

»»

m

iN'ath. Bullen.
Chas. Bird.
Table spoon : Mr. Jas. F. Lowe, B .\., Ches.
.\ssay Office Plate, Chester.
170f51705-6
) »
mm
1^
Richd. Richardson.
Peter Pemberton.
Name not traced.
Oval tobacco box, dated 1704 :
Chester Corporation.
Large rat-tail table spoon : Mr. Jas. F. Lowe.
Assay Office Plate, Chester.
1706-7
»t
tl
3
M
„
Do. do. do.
1707-8
-
tt
m
i^
Thos. Robinson.
Tumbler cup : Judge Wynne-
Ffoulkes.
1708-9
)»
tt
m
@
Name not traced.
Assay Office Plate, Chester.
1709-10
»»
tt
0
®
..
Do. do. do.
1710-11
»»
*t
m
®
„
Do. do. do.
1711-2
"
tt
Q
m
„
Do. do. do.
1712-3
»»
"
GD
fl
— Tarleton.
Do. do. do.
1713-4 GEO. 1.
1714-6
tttt
m
(9
1^
Richd. Richardson.
Com. cup and flagon, " given
1716" - St. Peter's, Chester.
Com. paten : Church of St. John
Baptist, Northgate, Chester.
1716-6
»*
1 1
9
03
Barth. Duke.
Gravy spoon : Mr. Hignett.
1716-7
t»
"
®
(29
Thos. Maddock.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Crichton.
Assay Office Plate, Chester.
1717-8 1718-9
1719-20
1 »
UON
PASSANT.
tt
LEOP'S
HEAD C?
0 @0
1^ 1 1
131
Richd. Richardson.
1) .)
Alms-plate, inscribed 1719 : St.
John's, Chester.
Com. cup : St. Bridget's (now at
St. Mary's), Chester.
Small oar : Chester Corporation.
1720-1
11
1 1
(!)
I2i
Thos. Maddock.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. liobert Day,
F.S.A.
1721-2 1722-31723-41724-51726-6
)1
ft »t
t»
1 1
tttt tt
Q
OS
Richd. Richardson.
John Melling.
Small cup with one handle :
Cordwainers' Guild, Carlisle.
Rat-tail spoon : Chester Corpn.
r Paten, on foot, dated 1723 : St.
\ Michael's, Chester.
v Gravy spoon : late Miss Farmer.
Plate paten : St. Michael's, Ches.
Com. cup : St. John's, Chester.'*
Table spoon : Judge Wynne-Ffoulkes.
Also water-bailiff's oar, dated 1726, badge of jurisdiction over the river : Beaumaris.
The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

371

M.A.RKS ON CHESTER PL.4TE.

T.ABLE III.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

LIOK '¦'^SEjn'*'* TOW" ""E NAKEBS

PASSANT. ^„HE«^ H

? 1726-7 GEO. II.
1727-8

1729-30 1730-117312
1732-3 1733-4 1734-5
» 1735-61736-7
* 1737-81738-9
1739-40 1740-11741-2
1742-3
1743-41744-51746-6
1746-7
1747-8 1748-9
1749-50
Vim

gS

K LETTER. MARK.

m
m m
m m
m

OS

Eat®

0

MAKERS NAME.

Benj'n Pemberton.
Richd. Richardson.
Richd. Pike.
Wm. Richardson,
Richd. Richardson,

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

ru V
m
Q y

£33

Benj'n Pemberton.
Richd. Richardson.
Thos. Maddock.

Richd. Richardson.

Richd. Richardson

Small salver : Messrs. Christie.
Large skewer : Messrs. G.
Com. cup, dated 1728 : Kendal.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. W. Boore.
Do. do. : Do.
Date-letter conjectured.
Com. cup and cover, dated 1732 :
Whitehaven.

Do. do. Workington.
Do. do. : Kirkby Lonsdale.
Do. do. dated 1735 : Poulton-le-
Fylde, Lancashire.

Pair of alms-basins, dated 1737 :
Chester Cathedral.
Large gravy spoon : Mr. W. Boore.

Date-letter conjectured.
Table spoon : Mr. G. Lambert.
Sauce-boat: JudgeWynne-Ffoulkes
Pap bowl : Messrs. Spink.
Date-letter conjectured.
Do. do. do.
Do, do. do.
Do. do. do.
Table spoon : Mr. Payne.
Pair of beakers : Judge Wynne-
Ffoulkes.
Date-letter conjectured.
Tumbler : Mr. W. Keir, Corwen.

See the observations on pages 364- s.

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON CHESTER PLATE.

TABLE IV.

FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

LION ''^HPan'' ^ TOWN DATE MAKER'S
PASSANT. CROWNED. MARK. LETTER. MARK.

1761-2
1762-3
1753-4 1764-5

1757-1

GEO. III.

* 1762-3

1764-5

* 1767-8 1768-9
1769-72
t 1772-3 1773-4
1774-6

£3 m

m

m
Borb @
Dord
JLotB
Forf m
Horh lori
Kork Lorl GD
Norn ®
Qorq IB w
Q
O

SQ

MAKER S NAME.

Richd. Richardson.

Richd. Richardson.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Plate submitted to Mr.
Jas. F. Lowe, Assay
Master.
Do. do. do.

Richd. Richardson.

<2>s^<2?' on
SSI

Richd. Richardson.

Richd. Richardson.

Cup won at a cock-fight,
inscribed, " Drink
and be sober" : Dr.
Jenkins, Ruthin.

Richd. Richardson.

IBolton & Fother-
/ gill, Birm.
Joseph Walley.
{JamesDixon or
Jos. Duke.
Geo. Walker.

I Com. cup, inscribed, " The gift
I of the Rev. Samuel Peploe,
j LL.B., Rector, 1762" : Tat-
l tenhall, Clieshire.
Com. cup : St. Peter's, Chester.

Table spoon : Mr. B.
Jefferis.
Mug : Sir P. Egerton,
Bart.

/Com. paten, inscribed, "The
} gift of the Rev. Samuel
) Peploe, LL.D., Rector,
( 1767" ; Tattenhall, Cheshire.
Ring, noted by Mr. Jas.
F. Lowe, B.A.
Mazarin or fish strainer :
Birra. Assay Office.
Table spoon : Mr. \V. Boore.
Ring : Mr. B. Jefferis.
Sauce boat : Mr. Stansby.
Skewer : Mr. E. W. Colt.

Tumbler : Dr. Jenkins,
Ruthin.

¦•¦¦¦ See the observations on pages 365-6.
f Fixed by Mr. Scasebrick's evidence before Parliamentary Committee, March 1773.

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

J/ o

MARKS ON CHESTER PLATE.

T.ABLE V.

FIVE STAMPS TILL I784, SLX AFTERWARDS, AS BELOW.

1776-7

LION
PASSANT.

LEOPARDS HEAD
CROWNED

TOWN
HARK.

DATE
LETTER.

MAKERS MARK.

makers' name.

articles and owners.

^

m

D

©

rra

Richd.

Richardson.

Tumbler : Judge Wynne-
Ffoulkes.

1777-8

tt

tt
0
(eikiy
George
Walker.
Table spoon : Judge Wynne-
Ffoulkes.
1778-9
1 1
1 1
11
®
WS
Richd.
Richardson.
Soup ladle : Mr. Parkes.
1779-80
m
m
^
9
U2i
Joseph
Walley.
Gravy spoon : Judge Wynne-Ffoulkes.
Beaker : Mr. Lowe, Chester.
1780-1
1 1
n
t »
©
1 1
"
..
Lemon strainer ; Mr. D ICey.
1781-2
••
)»
"
9
(eiiy
GeorgE
Walker.
Table spoon : Mr. W. Boore.
1782-3
'-
tt
»>
i
"
"
"
Table spoon : Mr. Lowe.
1783-4
1.
1 1
1 »
Ea
25
John
Adamson.
Tobacco box : Mr. Skinner.
»i
»'
Jt
0
KING'S BEAD.
fF
Richd.
Richardson.
Com. cup : St. Mary's, Chester.
1784-5
ea
®
^
0
i
n?i^
Richd.
Richardson.
Pr. gravy spoons ; Goldsmiths' Co.,Chstr
1785-6
"
tt
It
Q
tt
EQ
J.James
Clifton or )
Conw-ay f
Table spoon : Mr. W. Smith.
1786-7
"
1 1
i t
0
a
kill
T.
Peirpoint.
Beaker : Judge Wynne-
Ffoulkes.
1787-8
••
••
"
SD
l;*:l
Robt.
Boulger.
Watch-case: Mr. Pattison.
1788-9
"
It
'•
m
OD
John Gilbert.
Robert Jones.
Purse-ring : .Mrs. Bass.
Watch-case: Mr. T. Priest.
1789-90
••
••
®
kJiij
Wm.
Hull.
Do. do. Mrs. Dickson.
1790-1
••
»»
1 1
3
Wm.
Tarlton.*
Snap-spring tobacco box : Mr.
Scandrett.
1791-2
•'
'•
» t
(3
03
James
Barton.
Assay Office Plate, Chester.
1792-3
"
"
¦'
Q
M^<
E.
Maddock.
Watch-case : Mr. Paris.
1793-4
J t
It
1 1
©
©
Thos.
Appleby.
Do. do. . Mr. Osborne.
1794-5
» I
T t
tt
0
C'tf'})
Thos.
Hilsby.
Assay Office Plate : Chester.
1796-6
'-
•'
CD
nji
Thos.
Morrow.
Watch-case: Mr. Williamson.
1796-7
t »
••
•'
Q
_
IfAI-f
John
Adamson & Son.
Assay Office Plate : Chester.
or Wm. Twemlow.
574

Thc Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON CHESTER PLATE.

TABLE VI.
SIX STAMPS AS BELOW.

1804-61806-6 1806-7
1807-8 1808-9
1809-10 1810-1 1811-2 1812-3
1813-4 1814-6
1815-6 1816-7
1817-8

LION '-EOMRDS TOWN
PASSANT. cRggiViD. "*«"-

®

CO s
mmm D
a
ES BOCS
s
@ @ @
QJ

e

H3 GB
SB(^ IS! ESQ
CSS
OS HA

maker s name.

George Lowe.
Robert Green.
Nicholas Cunliffe.

Maker's mark indistinct.
George Walker.

Name not traced.
Nicholas Lee.
George Lowe.
Mark indistinct.
Name not traced.
John Walker.

William Pugh
(of Birmingham).
Abbott & Jones.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Jas. Hugh
John

Morton.
Adamson.Abbott.

Large skewer :
Judge Wynne-Ffoulkes.
Assay Office plate, Chester.

Watch-case, noted in Man
chester.
Do. do. do.
Goblet : Messrs. Welby.
Gravy spoon : Messrs.
Debenham.
Table spoon : Mr. W. Boore.
Marks noted by the Author.
Watch-case, noted in Man
chester. Do. do.
Skewer : Mr. Lowe,Chester.
Table spoon : Mr. Wills.
Marks noted by Author.
Watch-case ; Mr. Spiridion.
Sugar-tongs : Mr. Harris.
Watch-case noted by the
Author. Do. do.
Sauce boat : Mr. Crichton.
Fish slice : Mr. Phillips.
Watch-case noted by the
Author.

Do.

do.

do.

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

)75

MARKS ON CHESTER PLATE.

TABLE VII.
SIX STAMPS AS BELOW.

LION
PASSANT

LEOPARD'S TOWN
HEAD. HARK.

DATE
LETTER

KING'S HEAD.

MAKER'S MARK.

m.vker's name.

SOURCE OF MARK'S.

* 1818-9
* 1819-20 GEO. IV,
* 1820-1

Pai

tt

^

3

8

ISP

J. Walker.
Vale & Co.
Jones &. Reves.

From wax impression : .Mr.
J. F. Lowe, B.A.
Assay Office Plate and Records.
Do. do. do.

* 1821-2-3

••

» t

Q]

'•

(^

Hy. Adamson.

Do. do. do.

* 1823-4

t »

^

@

0

iSSB

Mary Huntingdon.

Do. do. do.

1824-5

tt

'•

a
••
SS
John Twemlow.
Do, do. do.
1826-6
t t
>»
@
"
OS
J. Morton.
Small cream jug : Mr. Crich
ton.
1826-7
"
m
"
@S9
Geo. Lowe.
Plate : Mr. Lowe, Chester.
1827-8
'•
"
Q
••
ran
Robt. Bowers.
Assay Office Plate, Chester,
1828-9
..
t i
m
•.
oa
Thos. Newton.
Do. do. do.
1829-30 WM. IV.
1830-1
1831-2
t t
1 1
1 1
Q
SI
• »
JH
Eig
John Hilsby, L'pool.
John Coakley.
John Parsonage.
I Do. do. do.
Gravy spoon : Mr. Lowe,
Chester.
Assay OlTice Plate, Chester.
1832-3
••
Q]
11
ran
Thos. Walker orl
Thos. ^^¦oodfleldi
Do, do. do.
1833-4
»»
1 1
S
13
(sD
Robt. Lowe,
Do. do. do.
1834-6
tt
• t
@
"
RL
liichd.Lucas.
Do. do. do.
1836-6
t I
"
G3
Q
IW
John Walker.
Do. do. do.
1836-7
1 1
• •
@
1,
e3S
Jos. L. Samuel.
Do. do. do.
VICT.
1837-8
¦>
¦•
Q
«
8^
John Sutters.
Large quantity of table plate,
Liverpool.
1838-9
"
» t
[6
1 1
nm
Henry Close.
Pocket compass case : Cap
tain Williams.
¦"¦ See
he obst
^rvatio
ns on
page 3
67-
376

Thc Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON CHESTER PLATE.

T.ABLE VIII.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

LION
PASSANT

TOWN
MARK.

DATE
LETTER

QUEEN'S MAKEIt'S
HEAD. UARK.

maker's NAME.

SOURCE OF

MARKS.

1839-40

63

@)

e

0'

^

J. & Thos. Lowe.

Sauce boat : Mr. P.

Lannon.

* 1840-1

••

•¦

@

1 1

wsm

„

Assay

Office Plate and Records.

1841-2

••

••

@

'•

wm

Henry Adamson.

Do.

do.

do.

1842-3

"

..

i)

'•

E31

P. Leonard.

Do.

do.

do.

» 1843-4

1 1

••

@

..

t^

Wm. Smith.

Do.

do.

do.

1844-6

..

Q

¦ •

R'lJt

Ralph Samuel.

Do.

do.

do.

1846-6

••

m
"
AB
Adam Burgess.
Wm. Crofton.
Do.Do.
do.do.
do.do.
1846-7
••
tt
m
••
EI3
J. Burbidge.
Do.
do.
do.
1847-8
••
"
m
"
frara
John F. Mathew.
Do.
do.
do.
1848-9
••
"
m
••
fin
Christr. Jones.
Do.
do.
do.
1849-5C
' t
..
m
G0
T. Wilson.
Do.
do.
do.
1850-1
••
••
m
••
(33
E. I-Cirkman.
Do.
do.
do.
1851-2
••
••
1
••
ftCT
Geo. Ward.
Do.
do.
do.
1852-3
.,
>.
D
,,
na
T. Cubbin.
Do.
do.
do.
1853-4
1854-5
¦•
"
0)
••
eta
Richard .Adamson.
G. C. Lowe (Manchester).
Thos. Wooley.
Do.
Do. Do.
do.
do. do.
do.do.do.
1855-6
••
m
••
c©
A. G. Rogers.
Do.
do.
do.
1866-7
-
•¦
^
••
W)
John Lowe.
Do.
do.
do.
1857-8
••
••
m
• ¦
!E)
Joseph Mayer.
Do.
do.
do.
1868-9
-
11
1
•¦
np
Edwd. Jones.
Do.
do.
do.
1859-60
••
»»
m
••
m^
Elias Nathan
Do.
do.
do.
1860-1
••
••
m
"
(33
Geo. Roberts.
Do.
do.
do.
1861-2
••
"
0
»»
HF
H. Fishwick.
Do.
do.
do.
1862-3
"
••
m
-•
(Jg)
H. J. Stuart.
Do.
do.
do.
1863-4
"
••
@
"
liiJ
Francis Butt.
Do.
do.
do.
'•¦¦¦ See the observations on page 367.
Thc Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

'^11

MARKS ON CHESTER PL.\TE.

TABLE IX.

five STAMPS AS BELOW.

^

1868-9
1869-70 1870-11871-2
1872-3
1873-4 1874-6

1877-8

1882-31883-4

0 Q Q
S@
(D 0
0

GD iD Q
QQ
Q Q

0

EB HT
s.a
SD
SS Q3BB BN

MAKER S NAME

Wm. Dodge.

John Richards.

SamL Ward, Man
chester.
Geo. Lowe, junr.
Henry Tarlton,
Liverpool.

W. Roskell, Liver
pool.
S. Quilliam.
Geo. Roberts.
Robt. Over.
Thos. Russell.
Hugh Green.
Samuel & Rogers.
A. Cruickshank.
S. Quilliam.

Geo. F. Wright,
Liverpool.
Joseph Knight,
Birmingham.
T. Power & Son,
Liverpool.
Benge Matlian.

Wm. Smith, Liver
pool.

A. Rogers, Liver
pool.

TABLE X.
FIVE ST.AMPS TILL l8gO,
FOUR AFTERWARDS.

paSt. sm .iH^R.'SE'fs:^"Ks;^

1884-5

m

^

0

Q

i:i:ld

1885-6

CD

"

fm

1886-7

S
"
fkm
1887-8
CD
"
aSz
1888-9
m
"
W.T
1889-90
Q
••
tajgi
1890-1
,,
@
fK^
1891-2
(D
raa
1892-3
0
Ou!
1893-4
m
liia
1894-5
Q
ryii
1895-6
(S
fro
1896-7
SI
i'fM
1897-8
@
(SS
1898-9
Q
(^
1899
1900
@
((32D
1900-1
CD
EDW. VII.
1901-2
Pi*
fS^
1902-3
m
rp
;78

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

NAMES OF CHESTER GOLDSMITHS.
[From 1225 to 1878.]

Name of Goldsmitfi.

s.i
"si

Remarks.

Latest
Mention.

Name

OF Goldsmith.

.1.1 ag
1701

Remarks.

Latest
Mention.

John the Goldsmith

1225

Richard

Richardson (I.)

Sheriff

Bartholomew the Golds'ith

1265

I7I4.
Nicholas " the Great " )
Goldsmith j
Richard
Richardson (11.)
Mayor
di768
1271
1292
1751-
Mathew the Goldsmith
Bertram the Goldsmith
12821292
1293
TarletonWrench
17121717
William
1753
Walter the Goldsmith
Benj'n
Critchley
1752
John the Goldsmith
1297
Thomas
Maddock
„
Mayor
d 1761
Nicholas (son ^ the Gold-
1744.
of Bertram) 1 smith
1309
1315
Robert
Downes
Free 1720.
Richard Pratt
1402
William
Richardson
1721
1751
Mayor
Thomas
Duke
1722
Mayor
d 1764
Laurence Smith, Knt.
1540
1540, '58
1585
1740.
& '70.
John
Melling
1723
1725
Richard Bexwick
Free 1546.
Benjamin
Pemberton
1753
John Trevis
1560
John
Sharman
^,
1726
Thomas Trevis
„
Robert
Cawley
1727
d 1772
Robert Smith
1573
1615
Robert
Pike
Entered
Richard Warmingshaw
1577
1609
1727.
Christ'r Conway
Free 1583.
1603
Jon.
Jones
1730
John Lynglay
1585
1612
Charles
Brother
Free 1731.
Griffith Edwards
1607
d 1640
George
Crookes
1731
Thomas Price
))
„
di535
Samuel
Pemberton
1732
1752
John Lynglay, jnr.
1594
1609
John
Eccles
1733
1733
1796
Richard Gregorie
1594
1615
Richard
Richardson (III.)
1734
1787
Sylvan us Glegg
1631
1631
John
Wrench
1751
Gerard Jones
1632
Mayor
1674
John
Warrington
1743
J»
1638.
William
Wrench
1746
1753
Dutton Bunbury
1636
Free 1636.
di652
Gabriel
Smith
1752
Mayor
1796
Peter Eddwardes
1651
Mayor 1682.
1696
James
Conway
1779.
»
George Oulton
1658
1680
Joseph
Duke
„
1776
Thomas Chapman
1661
Free 1661.
1702
John
Scasebrick )
or Scarisbrick /
,,
.A.ssay M'r.
1782
Thomas Wright
1664
Sheriff
1676
1772-9.
1675-
Thomas
Brown
1772
1796
John Buck
,,
Free 1664.
1677
George
Walker
1809
William Warmenshaw
1666
1666
1670
Thomas
Duke
,,
1796
Nathaniel Bullen
1668
1669
1712
Mention'd
Joseph Billington
,,
Joseph
Walley
1773-
Puleston Partington
1673
Sheriff 1686.
Mayor 1706.
George
Ralph
Smith
Wakefield
Robert Drew
1675
Free 1675.
di68o
James
Dixon
Symon Wynn
1676
1676
W.
Fisher
Peter Pemberton
1677
Mayor
1706
JohnJohn
GimletGunble & )
M
Peter Edwards, jnr.
1679
1682.
1700
William
Vale f
"
Ralph Walley
1682
Warden
1692
Christian Thyne
.,
1 686.
John
Wyke & 1
Charles Ashton
Free 1682.
Thomas
Green i
"
Thomas Robinson
1682
1712
William
Hardwick
Joseph Clarke
1685
1686
Wm.
Pennington
Timothy Gardener
1687
1696
Ralph
Walker
-Alexander Pulford
,,
1704
T.
Pritchard
John Deane
1695
Robert
Bowers
1796
1813
John Wrench
1696
1696
1725
George
Walker, junr.
Sheriff
1823
Sanmel Edwards
,,
,,
1700
l82-:i.
Charles Bird
„
„
1704
Robert
Barker
„ i
1801
John Bingley
1697
1697
1706
George
Lowe
„
1841
Bart'mew Duke
"
1715
1726
William
Twemlow
1797
1823
The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

379

Name

OF GoLDSMITl-1.

£ S
1798

Remarks.

Latest
Mention

Name

Of Goldsmith.

.l.i 0 s
WS

Remarks.

Latest
Mention.

Robert

Bowers, junr.

Mayor

1826

Comtene

1841

1811.
p.
Leonard
1842
1847
Joseph
Duke
1804
1814
John
Garner
1861
John
Walker
Sheriff
John
Lowe
1864
1808
1827.
1839
John F.
Wathew
1843
1852
Henry
Spencer
1817
1830
Geo. Lowe Whitehouse
1845
1893
Mary
Huntington
1822
1827
William
Crofton
1845.
John
Twemlow
1823
Entered
1846
Thomas
Wooley
1852
Warden
1861-1903
Living
George
Hyatt
1824.
Francis
Butt
^^
1867
Sheriff
Daniel
Davies
1853
1862
John
Lowe
1826
1842.
di864
Joseph
Jones
Entered
Thonias
Lowe
,,
Assay M'r.
1866
1857-
1842-64.
John
Foulkes Lowe
1858
Sheriff
H.M.&S
. Huntington
1827
1831
1897.
John
Walker, junr.
1829
1840
Edward
Tatler
Entered
Thomas
Walker
1S32
1861.
John
Walker
1834
Jas.
Foulkes Lowe
Assay M'r.
Arthur D
. Walker
1837
B.A.
1862
1864-1903
Living
Chas. B.
Walker
1838
John
Wooley
,^
1900
Henrv
Walker
))
John
Foulkes Lowe |
Entered
Willi'am
Hyatt
1)
1846
Geo.
Bennett Lowe>
1864
1 864 V
1885/
Living
Edward
Jones
1839
1867
Lowe &
Sons j
187 1
James
Evans
1839
1846
W.
Foulkes Lowe
John
Lowe & 1
1840
1841
F.l.C.
,^
Assayer.
Thomas
Lowe /
Andr.
Nixon Godwin
Ent. 1871.
Richard
Hall
184I
1843
Alfred
W. Butt
1872
John
Davies
Mention'd 1 841.
Geo. Hy.
Williams
1878
Names of Liverpool Manufacturing Goldsmiths, Silversmiths and Watch-case Makers registered
at Chester, and whose goods have been assayed there. The Watch-case Makers are denoted by (w.m.)
Vi c
"S c
Name
OF Goldsmith.
te 5
1784
Remarks.
Latest
Mention _
Name of Goldsmith.
"SI
Remarks.
Latest
Mention.
John
Adamson (w.m.)
1796
Nicholas Lee (w.m.)
1796
1817
John
Clifton
1785
Thomas Morrow
John
Fisher
1795
Nicholas Cunliffe
1798
1815
Thos.
Green (w.m.)
„
1799
Richard Kilshaw
1802
Thos.
Pierpoint ,,
J,
1786
Hugh Adamson
1807
1820
Henrv
I^igby
,,
1787
Burrell & Co.
1809
Wm.
Tarlton „
,j
William Jones
,,
1821
James
Barton&Co. ,,
1785
1798
-/Vbhot & Jones
1812
1816
D.
Beyendroff ,,
1792
Robert Jones & Son
i8n
1832
William
Hull
„
1801
J. Clarke
1814
1833
Thos.
Harrison „
„
Compton & Parry
i8i=i
1816
Walley & Jones
,,
1788
M. Solomon
,,
J.
Gilbert
1786
1797
J. Abbot
1817
1826
Joseph
Hewitt
,,
1793
Henry Adamson (w.m.)
1818
1849
Richard
Morrow
„
1792
Jones & Reeves
1820
1822
Richard
Boulger
1787
Wm. Cumpsty
1822
1824
R.
Preston
1793
W. Ball
182^
1826
Robt.
Jones
1788
J. Taylor
182 ¦;
Edward
Maddock
J,
1815
J. Miller
J,
,,
Robert
Green
1791
1803
Edward Christian
„
1829
Isaac
Hadwine
1792
John Coakley
1828
1834
Thomas
Helsby (w.m.)
l^9^
1816
D. Lloyd
,,
1831
John
Ellison „
1794
1808
William Helsby
i8so
James
Richards „
1863 (?)
John Helsby (w.m.)
i8-i7
John
Adamson & Son
1796
H. Close
John Parsonage
1831
18421831
38o

The Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks.

¦K c (
Name
OF Goldsmith.
ll
Remarks.
Latest
Mention.
Name
OF Goldsmith.
'%
Remarks.
Latest
Mention.
William
Hemming
i8si
1851
T.
Wilson
1846
1850
T. M.
Bowen
1832
1832
H.
Stuart
1849
1866
Thomas
Armit
,,
1835
T. W.
Willim
))
1851
Thos.
Wool field
,,
1845
Thos.
Over
18 so
E.
Kirkman W.M.
„
1857
W.
Roskell
J,
1875
Richard
Lucas „
„
1853
Thos.
Russell
J,
still
Richard
Adamson
i8s3
1858
working.
John
Sutters
1835
1856
J. F.
Quick
18S2
1868
Joseph L
Samuel W.M.
Henry
Tarlton
1869
Thos.
Cumming „
1837
G.
Roberts W.M.
185'i
1875
Jas.
Hemming
R.
Over
i8s8
1879
T.
Cubbin
„
1855
S.
Ouilliam W.M.
1861
1882
Samuel
Close
i8s8
Samuels & Rogers
,,
1881
Ralph
Samuel W.M.
,,
1858
John
Richards W.M.
1863
1866
Richard
Adamson
1840
A.
Cruickshank
1864
1880
J. R.
Goepell
1842
1847
Hugh
Green W.M.
i86s
1882
H.R.
Fishwick
Burgess
1843
18651851
A. G.
Rogers |
18551867
1861
1894
Christr,
Jones
,,
1859
William
Smith
1870
1887
W.
Lucas
1846
T.J.
Paris
187s
1878
W.
Smith
„
Geo. F.
Wright
1878
Adam
Burgess
184s
1846
Benjn.
Nathan
1879
J.
Burbidge
1846
1849
T.
Power & Son
Joseph
Mayer, F.S.A.
"
1873
Names of Manchester Goldsmiths and Plate Workers registered at Chester whose Goods
have been assayed there.
Name of Goldsmith.
3g
"2
Remarks.
James France
178^
Thos. Appleby
1791
Hemming & Glover
1808
Joseph Morton
1811
James Glover
1812
John Hemmingway
181S
Elizabeth France
i8iq
Newton & Hyde
1822
Latest
Mention.
18191810
1814 1822
1829
Name of Goldsmith.
Thos.
RobertGeorge G. C.
WilliamSamuelElias Isaac
NewtonLowe (Preston)
WardLowe DodgeWard
Nathan '^''ickers
Wg
182183018401853 1854
18581859i86g
Latest
Mention.
1845 1842
1858 18681870
1866
Other Goldsmiths who have had goods assayed at Chester.
Name of Goldsmith.
1b
Mathew Boulton &
James Fothergill
 Jackson
 Hayne & Co.
George Lowe, junr., Glo'ster
Fredk. W.Ward 
irmingham
1769-73 1841
1842
1847-74 1851
Joseph IsaacE.H.A.
Joseph
Name of Goldsmith.
Tetter 
Vicars... W., Coventry
M.Knight
1861 -
1869-78
The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks. 381

CHAPTER XVI.
THE BIRMINGHAM GOLDSMITHS
-\ND THEIR MARKS.
The establishment of the assay office at Birmingham in the year Birmingham
Assay Onirc
1773 was due mamly to the exertions of one man — perhaps the greatest Established 1773.
Birmingham man of his time — Matthew Boulton, who whether as an
inventor, designer, or manufacturer of great and small things, useful
and ornamental, left his mark and that an estimable one on every
thing he touched.
From the fact that petitions were presented to Parliament on the
1st of February, 1773, by manufacturers of plate in Sheffield, and on the
following day by others of Birmingham, praying for the establishment of
assay offices in their respective towns, it would appear that concerted
action had been arranged. The petition from Birmingham was prepared
by Matthew Boulton on behalf of himself and the rest ofthe manufacturers
of wrought silver in Birmingham. After referring to the Sheffield
petition, it stated that the petitioners were engaged in the manufacture of
plate, which might be considerably improved if an assay office were
established in their own town, that the inconvenience of sending their
goods to Chester, the nearest assay office, greatly interfered with their
success, and it prayed that if provision should be made for establishing
an assay office at Sheffield, a similar privilege might be extended
to Birmingham. The opposition of the London Goldsmiths' Company to the applica
tions from Birmingham and Sheffield, the evidence with respect to the
matter, and the Committee's report thereon, have already been referred
to.* The result was that an Act (13 Geo. III. c. 52) was passed,
whereby new assay offices were established at Birmingham and Sheffield.
This Act, so far as it related to Birmingham, recited the difficulties and
hardships suffered by the plate workers of that town in the exercise of
'¦¦ See Chapter X., pages 253-6.

382 The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.
their trades for want of Assayers in convenient places, (as set forth in
their petition,) appointed Birmingham as a place for assaying and marking
wrought plate, and incorporated a Company (with perpetual succession and
Controlled by an the Hght to use 2i common seal) entitled "The Guardians of the Standard
Incorporated ^
StXd"»'The of Wrought Plate in Birmingham," with exclusive jurisdiction over all
standardof° ° sllvcr olatc madc in the town of Birmingham or within thirty miles
\Vrought Plate in "^ 0 J
Birmingham." thercof Thc Act provided that the Company should be composed as
follows : —
The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Dartmouth, The Rt. Hon. Lord Archer, The
Rt. Hon. Heneage Finch — commonly called Lord Guernsey, The Rt. Hon. Geo.
Greville — commonly called Lord Greville, The Rt. Hon. Francis Conway —
commonly called Lord Beauchamp, Sir John Wrottesley, Bart., Sir Hy.
Bridgeman, Bart., the Hon. John Ward, Richard Geast, John Wyrley, Isaac
Spooner, Henry Gough, Charles Colemore, John Taylor, Samuel Garbett, Henry
Carver, Senr., Joseph Wilkinson, Sampson Lloyd, Junr., Thomas Ingram, Edward
Palmer, John Kettle, Joshua Glover, Matthew Boulton, John Francis, Thomas
Mynd, Samuel Pemberton, John Turner, Senr., John Lee, William Sawyer, John
Lane of Moseley, James Alston, Matthew Barke, Joseph Adams of Walsall, James
Wright, Samuel Galton, and James Jackson.
The Act of 1773 was, so far as it related to Birmingham, repealed,
but in substance re-enacted by the 5 Geo. IV. c. 52 (1824-Iocal), whereby
the right to assay and mark wrought gold was conferred on the
Birmingham Company in addition to the other powers granted by the
former Act. By this later Act the Birmingham assay office has since
that date been and is now mainly regulated.
Of the thirtysix guardians of which the Company now consists, not
more than nine nor less than six are to be goldsmiths or silversmiths.
They are required to elect from their number annually not more than
six nor less than four wardens, to appoint an assay master, a treasurer
and other officers. The guardians are empowered within the terms of
their Act of Incorporation to make bye-laws for the management of the
assay office. They had until 1854 exclusive jurisdiction over all
gold, as well as silver, wrought in or within thirty miles of Birmingham,
and any person in that district offering for sale any gold or silver ware
made therein without having it assayed at the Birmingham assay office,
was liable to the forfeiture of the ware or its value. Now, however,
by the 17 & 18 Vict. c. 96 (1854), goldsmiths may register their marks
and have their wares assayed and marked at any assay office in the
kingdom. All workers of gold and silver are required to enter their
names, places of abode, and marks at the assay office where their

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks. 383
wares are assayed, and if they stamp on any wrought gold or silver
any mark other than that so entered, they are liable to a penalty of
;^ioo for every offence.
The wardens, assay master, and other officers employed at the office
are bound by their oaths, in form provided by the Act, faithfully to
discharge their duties and not to disclose the design of any plate sent
to beassayed. The marks appointed to be used at Birmingham are described
further on. The prices to be charged for assaying are limited by the
Act. The "diet" or scrapings to be taken from each article for the
purpose of the assay is also defined, and it is provided that the monies
received for assaying and marking and from the sale of the diet are
to be applied to the payment of the expenses of the office and the
prosecution of offenders, and the surplus is to be invested in the
Public Funds or Government Securities.
The Wardens and Assay Master are obliged as part of their
duties : —
To provide a trial plate for each standard which is to be assayed at Duties of the
Wardens
the Mint. ^.-dAssay Master.
To provide punches for striking the statutory marks and a box for
their safe custody, with three different locks and keys, a key to be kept
by each of the two wardens and by the assay master. The punches are
not to be taken out except in the presence of the assay master and two
wardens, and are to be used only for the purpose of marking wares
which have been assayed.
To provide a box for the diet, with three different locks, the two
wardens and the assay master each to have a key, and this box is to be
opened only in presence of all three, and no diet is to be taken out
except once a year for the purpose of trial.
To examine all work sent to be assayed in order to ascertain
whether each article is of one sort of gold or silver, whether all the
parts have been joined together which are intended to be joined, whether
it is marked with the maker's mark or has any unnecessary solder, and
to return to the worker such as may be objected to. If free from all
the foregoing objections, scrapings are taken from each article in their
presence, and they are to see that no more is taken than in the propor
tion of six grains to a pound from gold, and eight grains to a pound from
silver.

384 The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.
Duties of the The diet or scrapings after the assay has been made are to be
Wardens and
.•\ssay Master. dlvldcd by thc assaycr ; and in the presence of the wardens and assayer,
part is to be put into the diet box and the other part into the assayer's box.
To be present whilst articles reported by the assayer to be as
good as standard are marked, and whilst articles reported as worse
than standard are broken to pieces.
To cut open all work suspected of having base metal concealed, and
if any base metal be found, to have the article broken, which is then
forfeited for the benefit of the office. If the suspicions prove groundless,
the owner of the article is to be recompensed out of the funds of the
guardians. The diet box is to be opened once in every year in the presence of
four wardens and the assay master, the diet taken out, (each standard to be
kept in a separate parcel) the whole is to be made into one parcel without
opening the respective parcels of which it is composed, the entire parcel
is to be sealed with their respective seals, and delivered to a messenger
in each others presence, to be by him conveyed to the Mint.
The diet returned from the Mint is to be sold by the wardens and
assay master and the produce accounted for.
The duties of the Assay Master, in addition to the foregoing, are : —
To assay the diet and report thereon to the wardens.
To receive all moneys paid for assaying and marking.
To keep books containing the names of every owner of wrought
gold or silver brought to be assayed, and the particulars of the weight
of the same, and an account of monies received for assaying, and for
scrapings and cuttings, and an account of the expenses of the office,
including salaries and wages, and to allow every guardian to have access
to such books.
To see that nothing except the diet is put into the diet box.
He is liable to a penalty of ;i^200 and loss of office if he divulge the
design or invention of any plate brought to be assayed, or permit it to
be viewed by any person except those who are necessarily employed at
the assay office, or if he mark any plate not assayed and found as good
as standard, or if the diet should not be of the same fineness as the trial
plate. He is required to provide two sureties of ^500 each to the Master
of the Mint for the performance of his duties, and the payment of the
fines should any become payable.

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their

Marks.

j"o

For a number of years the office was open only two days a week. Growth of the
-' r J .) t Business of the
but the business grew to such an extent that for nearly half a century ¦^s'^^yo™™-
it has been open on every working day, and for a number of years past
there have been no less than ten thousand ounces of gold and silver wares
per day assayed and marked there. The equipments of the office are
amongst the most perfect and complete in the whole world, and not even
at the Metropolitan Mint is the machinery better suited for its purpose.
The wares are assayed with the most minute care, and the marking is per
formed by means of machinery of the most delicate construction, worked
by electrical power. It is, of course, impossible with such an enormous
amount of work that the wardens and assay master should personally
superintend the marking of each separate article, but the system of
responsibility cast upon every individual assayer, marker, and other
officer, from the highest to the lowest, is such that it would be impossible
for any irregularity to take place without immediate detection. The
growth of the gold and silver trade of Birmingham in recent years has
been so remarkable, and the consequent increase in the work of the
assay office has been so great as to be almost incredible to persons
unfamiliar with the subject. The following table, compiled from the
annual reports of the Guardians, shows the progress made in twenty
years : —
WORK DONE AT THE BIRMINGHAM ASSAY OFFICE
I.\ QUINQUENNIAL YEARS FROM 1883 TO I9O3.

1883.

1888.

1893.

1898.

1903.

Gold Wares Assayed
and Marked ... Ounces

91.053

122,743

229,016

333.741

358,437

Gold Wares Assayed
and Broken ... Ounces

1,142

1,024

2,226

1,772

2,749

Silver Wares Assayed
and Marked ... Ounces

851.957

775.901

1.276,317

2,530.019

3.791.474

Silver Wares Assayed
and Broken ... Ounces

4.223

1.438

2,672

616

2,280

Number of Gold and Silver
Wares entered for Assaying

2.649.379

3.347.974

6,467,922

11,889,093

13,248,255

Number of Assays made ...

101,012

109,760

171,643

286,750

436,238

25

^86

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Marks prescribed
by Act of 1773.

Sovereign's, head
1784 to i8go.

The Birmingham
date-letters from
1773 to 1798.

THE BIRMINGHAM GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.
The Act of 1773 provided that all plate assayed at the Birmingham
assay office, being of the standard of 11 oz. 2 dwts. fine, should be
marked with : —
I. The mark of the maker, which should be the first letters of
his Christian and surname.
2. The lion passant ; and for plate of the standard of 1 1 oz.
10 dwts. fine the figure of Britannia* in lieu of the lion.
3. The mark of the Company (an anchor), and
4. A distinct variable mark or letter which should be annually
changed upon the election of new Wardens.
Very small wares incapable of being marked without injury being
done to them are excepted from the operation of the Act.
From December, 1784, to June, 1890, in addition to the above
marks, the Sovereign's head stamp, indicating the payment of duty, was
struck on all plate made during that period.
The only one of the four marks (named in the Act of Parliament)
requiring any particular mention is "the mark of the Company," which
is an anchor. The reason why it was appointed to be the mark of the
Birmingham assay office does not appear. It is referred to in the Act
of 1773 as " the mark of the Company," and the only explanation of
its adoption which the author has been able to obtain, is that it was
probably because of the extent of the over-sea commerce of Birmingham.
The date-letter, or — in the words of the Act — the "distinct, variable
mark or letter which shall be annually changed," has been changed every
year since the office was opened in 1773.
The Guardians meet annually in the month of July, when they fill
up any vacancies which have occurred in their body.
The first cycle of date-letters commenced in 1773 and terminated in
July, 1798, the letters used being the entire alphabet of Roman capitals,
excluding J. Strangely enough, both in "Old English Plate" and "Hall
Marks on Plate," the mistake has been made of including the J in this
cycle (one apparently copied from the other) whereby the cycle is made
to comprise twentysix instead of twentyfive letters. The first appearance
of the duty stamp (the Sovereign's head) is thus in those books associated
with the letter L, whereas the King's head is first seen with the letter M,

¦¦¦¦' The lion's head erased is never used at Birmingham.

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks. 387
some articles marked with that letter being found without and some
with the King's head incuse. It seems strange that this mistake should
have been repeatedly made in several editions of both works, in view of
the fact that by enquiry at the assay office the error might have been
avoided. It seems still more strange that in both "Old English Plate"
and " Hall Marks on Plate " the extraordinary mistake should have
been made of omitting the capital J in the fourth cycle when that letter
really was used! This omission had the effect however of bringing the
later cycles of letters represented in those books into their proper places,
although every letter from 1782-3 to 1858-9 is inaccurately placed in
both works.
The second cycle, from 1798-9 to 1823-4, comprehends the entire The date-ietters
from 1798 to
twentysix letters of the alphabet in small Roman characters. It is by '8=4-
no means easy to distinguish the letters o, s, v, w, x and z of the second
cycle from the same letters of the first cycle, as the form, and on small
articles, the size, of the letter is identical in both. It is only by carefully
noting the few very slight differences between the shields surrounding
these letters in the two cycles and by ascertaining the makers' marks
which were used in each cycle that the date of an article can with
certainty be determined. The makers' names and dates of registration
contained in the list which succeeds the tables in the following pages
will be found of assistance in a case of difficulty.
In the third cycle, 1824-5 to 1848-9, twentyfive black-letter or old The date-ietters
from 1824 to
English capitals were used. No letter I, Hke that illustrated in "Hall '849-
Marks on Plate" for 1833-4 i^or ^> like that shown in "Old English
Plate " for 1845 was ever used. The letter actually used in 1844-5 was
as illustrated in Table III. really a small black-letter U with a fine upright
hne, two curved lines, and a spur, added to give it the character of a
capital letter.
In the fourth cycle, 1849-50 to 1874-5, the entire alphabet of twenty- The date-ietters
from 1849 to
six Roman capital letters was used, the first eighteen being m oblong 1875.
punches with clipped corners, the rest in oval shields. The Queen's
head forms a ready means of distinguishing the letters of this cycle from
those of any other; there is also a marked difference in the shape of the
letter punches.
The fifth cycle, 1875-6 to 1900, comprises twentyfive small old The date-ietters
• from 1875
English letters — T not being used. Seventeen of these letters are found °"™"J=-
in oval punches, the others are in oblong shields with clipped corners.

388 The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.
In July 1900 the sixth cycle was commenced, the letters used
being small Roman letters in shields, the sides and tops of which are
straight with clipped corners, and the bases waved, finishing with a
point in the centre.
The duty mark. Thc Sovcrclgn's head stamp was changed with each succeeding
Monarch from 1784 to 1890 as on London plate, except that the changes
were not made until some few years after the succession, the head of
Wm. IV. not appearing until 1834, and of Queen Victoria not until 1839.
Marks on Slncc 1 824, whcu the right to assay gold was conferred bv the Act
wrought gold ^' & J &
5 Geo. IV. c. 52, the marks on gold work assayed at Birmingham have
been the same as at London, except that the anchor takes the place of
the leopard's head.
By the courtesy of the Birmingham Wardens and the Assay
Master, Mr. Arthur Westwood, the marks in the following tables —
obtained from articles of plate examined by the author — have been
compared with the assay office records. Marks not obtained from
articles of plate have been reproduced from impressions struck by the
punches on the trial plates at the office.
By the same courtesy the list of names entered at the Birmingham
assay office from 1773 to 1850, which follows the tables of date-letters,
has been furnished to the author for the purpose of this work. No
names are, however, disclosed which have been registered since ist
January, 1850.

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

589

MARKS ON BIRMINGHAM PLATE.

T.^nI.E I.
FOUR STAMPS UNTIL I784, THENCEFORWARD FIVE, AS BELOW.

LION
'ASSINT.

ilHCHOB,

DATE
LETTEIl.

MAKEB'9 MARK.

maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1773-4

^^

%

1^

Matthew Boulton )
& James Fothergill j

Pair ot salts : Birmingham
Assay Office.

1774-S
1776-6
1776-71777-8

0El
'
tt t »
S3
tt
dEsa
s „
i „
Charles Freeth.
Richard Bickley, (.
Charles Freeth. t
Boulton ^Fothergill.
Candlesticks : Mr. M. B. Huish.
Do. B'm'ham Assay Office.
Mounts of horse-pistols : Mr.
F. Weekes.
Light striker ; Mr. F. Weekes.
Mounts of pistol: Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Cake basket : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
1778-9
» t
9
» » » •
„
Candlesticks : Mr. W. Boore.
1779-80 1780-1
ii^i
T. Willmf)re & \
,\lston. J
Pair ot shoe buckles : B'm'ham
Asca\- Office.
Marks from Birmingham
.'\^say Office Records.
1781-2
»i
0
Do. do. do.
1782-3 .
1783-4 1781-5
M
s
KING'S HEAD i
K7i
T. Willmore & 1
Alston. J
Samuel Pemberton.
Pair of shoe buckles : B'm'ham.
Assay Office.
Pair of shoe buckles : Mr.
Dicker.
Snuff box : Mr. Falk.
1786-6
»»
"
SI
t »
HH
Henry Holland.
Watch case : B'm'ham Assav
Office.
1786-7
»>
S)
0
®
Samuel Pemberton.
Snuft box : Messrs. Robinson
and Fisher.
1787-8
tt
s
Gi>
Joseph Taylor.
Caddy spoon : Do. do.
1788-9
»»
0
1 1
„
i\Iarrowspoon : Mr. Simmonds.
1789-90 1790-1
1 »
@ @
Thos. Willmore.
Mathw. Boulton.
Pair of shoe buckles ; The
Author's Collection.
Tripod fruit stand : B'm'ham
.¦\ssay Office.
1791-2
»»
0
®
Samuel Pemberton.
Patch box : B'm'ham Assay
Office.
1792-3
?»
i!i
1 1
„
Snuff box -. Mr. Lowe, Chester.
1793-4
ft
sy
ITfJl
Mathw. Boulton.
Candelabrum : Birmingham
Assay Office.
1794-5
It
Mi^
»«4
Joseph Taylor.
Caddy spoon : Birmingham
.Assay Office.
1795-6
1 1
S
CS
John Shaw.
Vinaigrette : The Author's
Collection.
1796-7 1797-8
1 1
t »
9 0
0
Thos. Willmore.
Scent bottle case : B'm'ham
Assay Office.
Vinaigrette : Birmingham
Assay Office.
390

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON BIRMINGHAM PLATE.

TABLE II.
FIVE
STAMPS, AS BELOW.
1798-9 1799
1890
LION
PASSANT tt
ANCHOf @ »t
DATE KINO'S
¦LETTER. HEAD
MAKER'S MARK.
maker's name.
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
tt
Willmore & Alston.
Samuel Pemberton.
Nutmeg box : Mr. Fitzhenry.
Snuff box : Messrs. Spink.
1800-1
tt
ft
^
It
»i:'4Vi
Forrest & Wasdell.
Nutmeg grater : Messrs. Spink.
1801-2 1802-3
1 1
tt
tl
0
tl
John Turner ?
Thos. Willmore ?
Matthew Boulton.
Vinaigrette : B'ham Assay Off.
Patch box : The Author's Col
lection.
Toast rack : B'ham Assay Off.
1803-4
1804-S
t »
tt
tt
S i
t»
John Shaw.
Joseph Taylor.
Vinaigrette : The Author's
Collection.
Mustard spoon : Mr.Fitzhenry.
180S-6
1806-7
tt
tt
1 1
iU
0
1 1
Matthew Linwood.
William Pugh.
Joseph Willmore
Cocks & Betteridge.
Snuff box : The Author's Coll.
Caddy spoon : B'm .Assay Off.
Snuff box : Do. do.
Nutmeg grater : Mr. Ballard.
1807-8
1 1
t »
S
tl
kZU
William Pugh.
Snuff box : The Author's Coll.
1808-9
tt
tt
«3
It
^?:1
Matthew Boulton.
Cheese scoop : Messrs. Christie.
1809-10
M
tt
0
Q
n^i
John Shaw.
Snuff box : Mr. Bruford.
1810-1
tt
? I
^
tt
fT^
Thropp & Taylor.
Do. : B'hamAssay Office.
1811-21812-3
1813-4 ,
1 1
t V
1 1
tt
It
03
5)
1 »
0
T. Simpson & Son.
Joseph Taylor.
Cocks & Betteridge.
Snuff box : Messrs. Spink.
Do. : B'ham AssayOffice.
Salt spoons : Messrs. M. & S.
Lyon.
Mustard spoon : The Author.
1814-5
1 1
@
11
r^iT?
W. Lea & Co.
Vinaigrette : Do.
1815-61816-7
ttt t
^
©
1 1
1 »
It
r <35^
Samuel Pemberton.
Warden & Kempson.
Snuff box : Messrs. Spink.
Vinaigrette : Mr. G. Lowe.
Child's coral : Miss Jackson.
1817-8
tl
0
11
fan
Edward Thomason.
Tea-spoon : B'ham Assay Off.
1818-9
J»
®
11
<<s^
Joseph Willmore.
Snuff box : Do. do.
1819-20GEO. IV.
1820-1
1821-2
tt
t t
> »
1 »
Matthew Linwood &
Son.
Lea & Clark.
Vinaigrette : The .Author's
Collection.
Sandwich box : Messrs. Robin
son & Fisher.
Seal: Birmingham AssayOffice
1822-3 1823-4
1 »
1 1
M
9
^
1 »
John Lawrence
& Co.
Joseph Willmore.
Snuff box : Do. do.
Vinaigrette : Do. do.
On plate of i8oi to 1805 the King's head mark is frequently found in a stamp of oval sliaoe anti
on plate ol 1X1. to 18.5 it ,s sometimes found in a foliated stamp as shewn at^97-8 and S'lo
The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

391

MARKS ON BIRMINGHAM PLATE.

TABLE III.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.
pa^Kt. «'"=«'>»¦ iiijip. 5,'e\°d' "issss;^
maker's name.
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
1824-5
Q
@
@
Ut tffij
T. Pemberton & Son.
Charles Jones.
Pair ot salt spoons : B'm. Assay O.
Sugar tongs : Do. do.
1825-6
1 1
It
!3
I.edsam.Vale &Wheeler
Thomas Shaw.
Snuff box : .Messrs. Spink.
Do. : Mr. John Fullerton.
1826-71827-8
1828-9
1 1
tt
»»
It.
^ IftSsH
B KFTi
r ntum
John Lawrence & Co.
Nathaniel Mills.
Unite and Hilliard.
M. Boulton & Plate Co
Joseph Willmore.
Edward Thomason.
Do. The Author's CoU'n.
Do. : B'm'ham Assay Office.
Caddy spoon : Do. do.
Taper stand ; Do. do.
Snuff box : The Author's CoU'n.
Cake basket : M's'rs. Smith & Rait.
1829-30
tt
II
0 { K'/STi
William Fowke.
John Bettridge.
Ledsam.Vale &Wheeler
Table spoon : B'm'ham Assay Off.
Snuff box Do. do.
Wine labels : Do. do.
WM. IV.
1830-1
'•
it
^
II
Thos. Ryland & Sons.
M. Boulton & Plate Co
Pair of spurs: Do. do.
Cake basket : Do. do.
183i-2
"
II
m
a
<£!
Joseph Willmore.
Handles of knife and fork :
Birmingham Assay Office.
1832-3 1833-4
ttIt
It11
m
IIIt
11
Edw-ard Smith.
Vale & Rotheram.
Silver-gilt knife, fork, and spoon ;
Birmingham Assay Office.
Snuff box : Messrs. Spink.
Watch case : B'm'ham Assay Off.
1834-5
tt
> '*
m
0
sag
Taylor & Perry.
William Phillips.
Caddy spoon : Do. do.
Snuff box : Mr. Bruford.
1835-fi
tt
tl
®
It
era
Gervase Wheeler.
Vinaigrette : Mr. G. Lowe.
1836-7
It
tt
^
„ / ma
Francis Clark.
Joseph Jennens & Co.
Snuff box : The Author's CoU'n.
Baron's coronet : Messrs. Crichton.
VICT.
1837-8 1838-9
tt
»i
tt
tt
Q
Thomas Spicer.
Robinson, Edkins & Aston.
George Unite.
Nathaniel Mills.
Watch case : B'm'ham Assay Off.
Standish Do. do.
Wine labels : Do. do.
Snuff box : Do. do.
1839-40
»»
tt
m
tt
Name not traced.
Do. Messrs. Spink.
1840-1
"
tt
m
"
Nathaniel .Mills.as 1838.
Do. : B'm'ham Assay Office.
1841-2
»»
"
m
t»
From Birmingham Assay Office
Records.
1842-3
II
It
m
m
II
lif=IO
Robinson, Edkins &
Aston.
Hand candlestick : Messrs. M. &
S. Lyon.
1843-4
H
i»
It
iM
Edward Smith.
Snuff box : Messrs. Spink.
1844-3
It
t»
m
tl
tim
Nathaniel Mills.
Do. : B'm'ham Assay Office.
1845-6
11
1 1
m
)»
vimi
Wm. & Ed. Turnpenny.
Oval strainer : Mr. Peters.
1846-7
-
II
@
II ¦
PAVJ
Yapp tt Woodward.
Nathaniel Mills.
Apple scoop : B'm'ham Assay Off.
Snuff box : Do. do.
1847-8
¦'
"
m
-'
i>
.,
Vinaigrette : Messrs. Spink.
1848-9
"
@
»»
From Birmingham Assay Office
Records.
2>9-

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON BIRMINGHAM PLATE.

TABLE \\.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

1849-60

LION
PASSANT

ANCHOR.

DATE
LETTEH

QUEEN S
HEAT.

MAKER'S MARK.
[ \M

maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

GS

0

Nathaniel Mills.

Snuff box : Messrs. Christie.
Match box : B'ham Assay Office.

1850-1

03

..

Edward Smith.

Vinaigrette : Messrs. Spink.

1851-2

(9
11
i»
,, „
Snuff box : Mr. A. W. Cox.
1862-31853-4
CD
II Tt
Nathl. Mills, as
1849.
Wine label : B'ham Assay Office.
From B'ham Assay Office Plate.
185W
Q
IT
Do. do. do.
1855-6
@
It
CHB
George Unite.
Caddy spoon : B'ham .Assay Office.
1866-7
m
"
From B'ham .\ssay Office Plate.
1857-8
Q
tt
Do. do. do.
1858-9
0
tt
Do. do. do.
1869-60
0
tt
(^
George Unite.
Small box : Mr. Bruford.
1860-1
Q
It
From B'ham Assay Office Plate.
1861-2
Ej
II
Do. do. do.
1862-3
fS
It
Do. do. do.
1863-4
@
t 1
Do. do. do.
1864-5
6
tl
HiHiU
Names registered after
1850 not disclosed.
Communion Paten : All Saints,
York.
1865-6
tt
From B'ham Assay Office Plate.
1866-7
CD
tl
Do. do. do.
1867-8
©
••
09
Dessert knife : .Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
1868-9
0
tt
From B'ham .Assay Office Plate.
1869-70
®
II
Do. do. do.
1870-1
0
tt
Do. do. do.
1871-2
0
"
GO
Crown and 18 instead
ot lion passant.
Gold mounts of studs : The Author.
1872-3
@
••
From B'ham Assay Office Plate.
1873-4
0
"
Do. do. do.
1874-5
@
"
Do. do. do.
The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

1 r\n

M.\RKS ON BIRMINGHAM PLATE.

TABLE V.
FIVE ST.AMPS TILL 189O, THEMCEFORWARD FOUR ONLV.

* HEAD- MARK.

2-33-44-S5-66-7
7-88-99-900-1

gS

@

0
0 0
0 G
Q ©0
® 0
0 0
G6
0
6) @
0

Q

EiSS

nTCT

trnn

G3(a

J.S SS

MAKER S NAME.

Names registered after J.an. i,
1650, not disclosetl.

ARTICLES AND OW.N'ERS.

Fish slice : The Author.
Memorial trowel : Birmingham
Assay Office.
Caddy spoon : Birmingham Assay
Office,
From B'm'ham Assay Office Plate.

Do.

do.

do.

Do.

do.

do.

Do.

do.

do.

Napkin rings :

-Mrs. Budd.

Breakfast crue

: Mrs. Bu

dd.

From B'm'ham Assay Office Plate

Do.

do.

do.

Do.

do.

do.

Do.

do.

do.

Do.

do.

do.

Match box : The Author

Umbrella mount : Mr. R

Day.

MUkjug: Mr.

S. Deane.

Cigarette case

The Author.

Toilet fittings

Do.

Stick mounts
Do.
Candlestick : Mrs. Budd.
Paperknite : The Author
Pin trays :
Toilet fittings
Do. Do.
Do. do.
Do.
Cigar holder
Do.
394

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON BIRMINGHAM PLATE.

TABLE VI.
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW.

DATE.

ANCHOR

LIOK
PASSANT.

DATE
LETTER.

MAKER'S MARK.

maker's name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1900-1

Names registered after
1850 not disclosed

Sweet-meat dishes : The Author.

1901-8

"

"

Q

<8>

Tea-spoons : B'ham Assay Office.

1908-3

••

••

(9

9

Candlesticks : -Mr. J. S. Greenberg.
1903-4
l90li-5
I90S-6
1906-7
1907-8
1908-9
1909-10
19I0-I
1911-8
1918-3
1913-4
I9I4-S
I9IS-G
¦
I9IB-7
!
1917-8
!
1918-9
1919-80
1980-1
I98I-8
1988-3
1983-4
1984-S
The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

395

NAMES OF GOLDSMITHS ENTERED AT THE
BIRMINGHAM ASSAY OFFICE.
From 1773 to 1850.

Entered

from 1773 to 1800.

James

Benton

Thos.

GiU

Thos.

Warner

Ford

& Slater

Matthew

Boulton & 1

Wm. & Ben Lewin

John

PhUlips & Co.

James

Fothergill )

Thos.

C locker

Kendrick

& .Astbury

Benjamin

May

John

Bentley

Wm. & F

. Sinith

James

Benton

Thos.

Eggerton

Elizth.

Cook

Joseph

Adams, Walsall

Samuel

Baker

Horton

& Bewley

John

Gimblett, Junr. &1
Vale J

Thomas

Hales, Coventry

Porter

& Mills

William

Henry

Harding, Coventry

Saml.

Buggins & Co.

Charles

Freeth

John

Shaw

Saml.

Malkins

Thomas

Phipson

Jos.

Fendall

Henry

Osborn

James

Wright

William

Stringer, West

Robert

Emuss

Thomas

Clowes

Bromwich

Thos.

Cheston

William

Phillips

David

Blair

Daniel

Hunt

Joseph

Bunney

Matthew

Linwood

William

Bingley

Edwd.

Parker

Charles

Westley

Matthew

Linwood

Benjn.

Dewson & |

John

Smith

Thos.

Ryland

WiUiam

Taylor, W'hampt'nj

Samuel

Harvey

Robt.

Skinner, Coventry

John

Turner

Edward

Tavlor

Jos.

Ford

William

Grice

William

Sin'ith

William

Ryland

Thos.

Mynd

Henry

Meadows

John

White

Richd.

Bickley

Thos.

Willmore

Forrest

& Wasdell

William

Tutin

Joseph

Warren

Thos.

Turner

Thos.

Richards

Thos.

Parsons

Rudder,

Ledsam & Co.

Joseph

lioper

Joseph

Fletcher, WalsaU

Sheldon

& Skinner, Coventry

Willmore

& Alston

Richd.

Turner

William

Pugh

Samuel

Baker

Joseph

Inshaw

Thos.

Turner

James

Horton

Robert

Wheeler

Win. & Sam. Dawes

Geo.

Crowther

John

Phillips & Co.

Edwd.
Sawyer
John
Piercy
John
Gimblett, Junr.
Robt.
Turner
i8or.
James
Burbidge
William
Bennett
Jos.
Adams & Son,
Richd.
Evans
John
Sheldon, Coventry
Walsall
Joseph
Jukes
Wm.
Platt
James
Greaves
Charles
Wyatt & \
Wm.
Selkirk
Samuel
Pemberton
Thomas
Dixon J
William
Howard, Coventry
Henry
Clav
Richd.
Morrow, Liverpool
John
Hipkiss
Henry
Holland
John
Adamson, do.
Laurence
& Allen
Joseph
Taylor
James
Barton, do.
Benjamin
Beardsmore,
Richd.
Porter
WiUm.
Hull, do.
Kettinsall
Thomas R
. Porter
Joseph
Taylor
W.
Cartwright &
Horton
Henry
Wood& 1
George
Smith
S.
Thos.
Withnoll j
James
WooUev
Emerson
& Buggins
Joseph
Sharp
Thomas
Beilby '
Saml.-
Baker
Thomas
Green, Liverpool
Isaac
Bissell, Cradley
Saml.
Flower
1803-7.
John
.lesson, W'hampton
Josh.
Hart
James
Greaves
William
Ryley, Coventry
D.
Hill & Co.
John
Whitehouse,
John
Thornton
Mills
& Langston
Wednesbury
William
Wright
John
Shaw
John
Goodall
Thomas
Challener
Thomas
Pemberton
Edward
Winfield
Robt. B.
Cooper
Underbill it Dutton
Thos.
Heath, Coventry
Robt.
Simpson, Derby
Wm.
Boot
John
Moore
John
Barnett
WooUey
Deakin
James
Alston
Cocks
& Betteridge
Dutton
& Johnson
Levy
Perry
Charles
Willmore
Joseph
Willmore
Geo.
Skipp
Bishop
& Waterhouse
John
Freeth
Jno.
Tayleur, London
Edward
Betts
Wra.
Stych
John
Guest
Jones
& Barker
Joseph
Pearson
The Birmingham

Goldsmiths and their Marks.

John Parrock
J. B. Rolls
Willm. WooUey
Harding & Son, Coventry
John Moore, Coventry
Waterhouse & Co.

JohnJohnThos. MarvEdwd.
JohnJohn

Hart & Co.
Rock, Walsall
Tompson
Tart & Co.
Thomason
Corfield &
Munslow

I

/

Waterhouse & Lightfoot,

1

(now Waterhouse & Ryland) j

James
Joseph E.
John
John Geo.Edwd.

Geo.
Jas. William
Joseph Henry
John ThomasCharles
RudderJohnJames MoselySaul -M.
(Solomon
Worton &
I.

Elkington
Pearson
Medlycott, Coventry
Munslow
Corfield BarnettBetts & Son
1808. Thickbroom, Coventry
Rock, M'alsall
Simpson
Timmins -AdcockHadleyLacey
HancockLedsam & Vale
Thropp HumphreysSolomon &
Solomon
Brothers) Ratheram Lilly & Co.

Geo.Josiah SamuelAnnThomas Moses
Wm. Amos
(Matthew

HansonEmes & I
Carpenter f
Fuller
Simpson & Son
WestwoodNicholls & Co.
Moor
Boulton, died 1809)

Thomas
Saul M.
Thomas
Packwood John Thos.Saml.
John Benj.
Daniel

Mary
Geo.

/

1810. Hughes
Solomon Davis
& Harris
Thropp &
Taylor Horton
Ashton, Coventry
Barlow Hill & Renshaw

Hanson
Bower

Jos. Geo.Thos.
Jesse
John William

Josiah Robt. Thomas
John Richard David
Saml.Son

Walker Bragg & I
Crockett /
Parkes
Andrews Lea & Co.

(t G. Richards
Mitchell & Co.
Bartleet
Bewlay Brittain
Jenkins Pemberton, ]
& Mitchell j"
1813.

John

Parkes

Joseph 1.

Harrison
Thrasher, Coventry

Jabez

Vale, Coventry

Thomas

Timmins

John

Lawrence ct Co.

William

Warden & \

Peter
Joseph Cocks

Kempson )
Taylor
ct Bettridge

Matthew

Linwood & Son

Joseph

Rock, Walsall

James

Bourne, Coventry

1814.

I. &B.

Cook

Thomas
John Geo.

TaylorThropp Sanders, Coventry

Saml.

Horton

John

Cottrill

Reubin Wm. Buggins

I8I5.
John Thropp & )
Ann Thropp J
William Lander
William Spooner
Geo. Barnett
John Oswin, Coventry
Jeremiah Ross, Walsall
John Moore, Coventry
Matthew Dixon
Saml, Allport
1S16.
Saml. Vale •,
John Carr
John Ratheram \ Coventry
Richd. Ratheram J
Thomas Bartleet, Junr.
Thomas Spicer, Coventry
Hannah Howard, Coventry
James Cox & 1
William Lander j
John Barber
James Collins
Pemberton & MitcheU

1817.
John Sherwood
Wm. Linsley
Wm. Brown, Co\'entry
John Bettridge
John Thrasher & 1
Robt. -Mathers I
Bragg & Baldwin
1818.

Coventry

William

Gregory

Stephen G.

Onion '& )
Perkins J

Mark

Jane

Timmins

Ann & Eliz

Freeth &
Jones

William

John & Ann Thropp

Saml.

Oughton & )

Thomas

Smith j

Robt. A.

Mathers, Coventry

Ledsam <t Vale

1819

William
John

Bro^^•n & 1 ^ „ ,
Hands |Coventr

Isaac

Parkes

John

Barlow

James

Bourne

James

Hewlett

David

Jee, Coventry

William

Johnson

William

Edwards

Thomas

Smith

John

Godfrey

John

Cook

Wm.

Postans & )
Tye ;

Geo.

Thomas

Kettle

William

Spooner & \
Clowes /

Thomas

Thos. M.
John Peter Chas. <t Ed.

Thos.Thos.
WilliamThs.&Wm.S.
John Robert
AnnElizabethWilliamCharles
Thomas Edwd.
JohnJohn Saml.

NewboldBoulton & Plate Co.
Sha'\\-Kempson, junr.
Ratheram
1821 Parkes & )
Latham J
Brown, Coventry
Simpson
Pemberton & Son
Wood, Coventrv
MitcheU
Freeth,
Freeth &
Jennings
Shaw
MiUington Thomason
Hebbert
Wells, Co\-entry
Horton

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

397

1822.
Vale & Ratheram, Coventry
Lea & Clark
Peter Kempson
Joseph Farrar, Coventry
Thos. Freeman
James Heales, Coventry
Richard Corfield & 1
Josh. Patrick J
Thos. Shaw
John Parkes
John Bettridge
Samuel Haines
John Fox
Edwd. Walker
Fredk. Moore
Richd. Corfield
Matthew Davis, Coventry
1823.

Thomas

Priest

Jeremiah

Scudamore

George

Waterhouse

William

Platt

William

Russell, Coventry

Joseph

Hardy & Co.

Slack

& \\'ilkinson

Joseph

Bower

1824.

Spooner

Clowes & Co.

Thos.

Walker

Lea

& Clark

Geo.

Bower & Son

James

Heales, Coventry

George

Horton

William

Ryley, Coventry

John

Horton

James

Heales, Coventry

James

Spratt

John

Clark

William

Smith

Charles

Jones

Samuel

.Ashton

Charles

Read, Coventry

John

WooUey

1825.

Edward

Day

William

Simpson & Son

Thomas

Simpson, junr.

John Edw

d. Clark & \

Edward

Smith f

Joseph

Taylor

Nathaniel

Mills

Charles

Ratheram

WiUiam

Steen, junr.

Kempson

& Kindon

Thos.

Parkes

Elizth.

Brown, Coventry

William

Simpson

George

Ravenscroft

Geo.

Unite & )
Hilliard t

Jas.

George

Perton

Ledsam

Vale & Wheeler

John

Cook

1826.

John

White

Willm.

Mitchell

John

Turton

Manoah

Bower

Thomas

Shaw

Benjamin
JosephJames

Kirby, Coventry
HayesCoUins

John Edwd. Clarke

Edward

Smith

George
John Carnall

Walton & Son
Hopkins
& Turner

Francis

Clark

Spooner

Clowes & Co.

John F.

Parker

GeorgeThomas

CollinsBrooks, Coventry

John

Wilkinson

I^ ichard

Slack

George

Tye ct 1

James

Kilner

1827.

Joseph Geo. Geo. Richds.
John SpoonerRichardThos.Edwd.Thos.William
John Ll'n.
John JohnJosh. Thomas

John <& Wm.
Joseph William
Joseph WilliamThos. & Jno.
EdwardTheophilus
Saml. CharlesElizth. Fredk.William
William
WilliamJohn

Joyce Richards ct )
Elkington \
WoodhillClowes & Co.
Neale, Coventry
Freeman
DayWakelam Turner
Clark, L'pool
Parkes Wood, Coventry
Jennens <t Co.
Brooks, Coventry
1828. Lilly Carnall
Anchor
Jee, Coventry
KendrickTwissKirkman, Liverpool
Kirkham Hargrove
Jones IZn'^Ic-'entrySuch Fowke

Sabin &
Willis

Charles
Wm. W.
Henry

1829. Read, Coventry
Richards 1
Edwards J

Willm.
Willm.
James ThomasEdwardWm.
Wm.
ThomasJohnSamuelWillm. Willm.
James William
ElizabethEdwardSamuel
JosephJohn
John John
John A.
Urban ct F
William
James

Simpson Fouke & )
Thomas I
Smith & I
Vernon (
Chambers & \
Cotterell I'
Freeman Oswin, Coventry
EdwardsMordan Pinches & t
Laughton i
Steen, junr.
Brown, Coventry
Walker, Coventry
Evans Bettridge
Taylor ct ]
Perry J
Coley
Moss LucockRobinson & )
Allport i

1830.

George Tye
Thonias Waterhouse & )
George Wa'erhouse i
Job Winchurch & )
John Pritchard J
Joseph Bower
Thomas Platt
William Guest
Thos. Ryland & )
Wm. Ryland j
George M. Horton
Thomas Woodward
Thomas Graves
Vale & Rotheram, Coventry
George Richards
George Perton
WiUiam PearsaU & 1
John Ensor J
John Gilbert
Elizabeth Brown, Coventry
Chas. Hancock & 1
Saml. Keeley I
Thomas Spicer, Coventry
William Nock, Coventry

1831. Samuel, Liverpool
PipePowellMillingtonFreeman SimpsonThrasher, Coventry
Moss
Tongue WheelerHastelow & I
Harlow j

Jacob L.
WilliamHoratio
ThomasThomas William
JohnJ. Anthony
John GervaseThomas
Jonathan

598

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Joseph JohnWiUiam
John Henry WilliamDavid
JohnJohn Francis
JonathanJoseph George
Joseph James Thomas
John Saml.
J. Anthony

1832. Wickes, Coventry
Wood, Coventry
PhiUips, Handsworth
Newton, do.
Manton WitcombLloyd, Leominster
Taylor <t )
Perry J
Swinden
Liggins, Coventry
WillmoreUnite
Bent & ^
Tagg \
Spicer, Coventry
HortonHorton
Moss

Frederick
George William
JosephJamesJoseph
Wm.
James Henry
James
Michael
JohnJonathan Edward
John CharlesThomas
Thomas

1833- Brown, Coventry
Ravenscroft, Dudley
Steen
Perkins
Timmins.
Stock &
Sharp CollinsEdwards
Adams Burgess & 1
Wyou \
o I- 1, >Coventry
Salisbury J '
Lilly
FJead, Coventry
FreemanBickley, Coventry

1834.
John Robinson]
Saml S. Edkins & >
Thos. Aston j
John Willis
Job Winchurst
John Pritchard
Mary Platt
J. Robinson, S.S.
Jesse Sargeant
William Edwards
Charles Mainstone
Edward Walker, Coventry
James Heales, Coventry
James Gregory
William Spooner & )
Charles Painter j
Edwin Jones
Chas. Read, Coventry
John Oswin, Coventry
Thomas Lawrence
James Gargory

Spooner Christopher
JosephJohnJohn George
Richard
John Henry
James A.
GeorgeThomas B.

Robert
James
John
Wm.
Edward
John Thomas
JamesWilliamSamuelSamuel
Joseph George R.
George Christopher

Painter & Co.
Jones, Coventry
Willmore
Yapp &
Woodward BarnetThelwell
Ensor
Osborn Hardy
Unite
Bragg
1835. Nevill Widowson, Coventry
Wilmot & >
Roberts j
Brown, Coventry
Britain Wilkinson & )
Shaw j
JenningsKeeley Clark
Redtern CoUis & I
Whitgrave J
Jones, Liverpool

W.Nathaniel EdwardGeorge Thomas M
Henry C.
Jas. & Josia
ThomasThoniasThomas
Thomas
JohnWilliam
JohnJames

1836. Maddock, Liverpool
Mills
Barnett <& )
Wright -)
Livett <t I
Parker j
h Cox
RichardsWaterhouse & 1
Parker \
Mole
Parkes <t )
Parkes i
Parker
Loveridge

1837-
G. R. CoUis & Co.
Richard Whitehead, Coventry
John Shaw
Thomas Hastelow
John Timms
Edward Kerby, Coventry
James Roadknight
John P. Hodgkins & 1
James Booth J
Joseph Jennens

William Ryland
John Hilliard

GeorgeEdward
JohnJames Charles
William
JohnBenjaminHenry
RichardGeo. C.

Edward Thomas
Isaac
WilliamHenry
Edwd. Jno.
James Thos.
James Francis
Wm. & Jno.
John Harry

Perton
ParsonsWillisCollins
Read, Coventry
Thompson
WooUey
HumphriesManton
Baker, Coventry
Stringer, Dudley
1839. Parsons Freeman
Simmons, Manchester
Waterhouse, Coventry
Edwards & )
Ball j
Griffin, Aston
Wilkinson & 1
Shaw j
MarrianPage, Derby
Yardley, Coventry
Gill

William
James John Saml. Isaac
David George
John Thomas
EdwardWilliamGeorge
Wm.Edward
William Francis

Jno. & Wm.
John ThomasRichd. K.
John George
WiUiam
John Hannah
William

ParkesPerry & i
Keys )
Neustadt & 1
Barnett j
Carrington
Oswin, Coventry
Colson, Coventry
Nock, Coventry
Sanders, Coventry
Perton & 1
Sabin j
Smith
Gough Clark

Guest
SheldonAston Ratheram & 1
Jiatheram |
Coventry
Richards
SpoonerMoore & ^
Sabin j
Pendrell

1842.
Abraham Kemp
Joseph Redfern

The Birmingham Goldsmiths and their Marks.

399

Benjamin

Cole

1845.

Edward

Wilmot

Gloster & Docker I

Wm.

Roberts & <
Daniel /

John

.¦\shton, Coventry

Frederick

Marson

Charles

Joseph

Bent

Francis

Skidmore, Coventry

Henry

Wells, Coventry

Joseph

Harris, Coventry

Timothy

Parker & 1
Acott j

Phillip

Vaughton

William

Williams

Thomas

David

Pettifer

Sarah

Clark

Wm. Hy.

Hill, Coventry

Edward

Ratheram

Thomas

Spicer, Coventry

Thomas

Harwood

Edward

Turnpenny

Wheeler &

Cronin

John

Yapp & )

William

Hall

Brittain &

Waddams

John

Woodward J

Wm. Henry

Dukes & 1
Clemniens J

Mary

Wheeler & i
Cronin j

Harry

Gill

John

Jas. Barth.

John

Bannister & 1
Stephenson j

James

Capell

John

Dolman,

Dalton

Nottingham
John
Hardman & 1
Powell, junr. j
Wm.
1848.
1843.
Jaraes
Deakin & |
Wm Hy.
Deakin j
Edward
Barnett
Wm. & Geo
Field
Henry
Gloster
Willm.
Xaul, Coventry
1846
Chas. E.
Ballam
John
Holloway
Benjn.
Kerby, Coventry
G. Richards
Elkington 1
Edward
-Adams
William
Dudley
Henry
Elkington & \
John
Jones, Coventry
Edward
Wilmot <t »
Roberts j
Josiah
Mason J
Mary
Clarke, Coventry
Charles
Edward
Waithman,
Jas. Bart.,
Cronin -1
Coventry
Sarah
Wheeler ct I
John
Jones, Coventry
Geo.
Wheeler j
1849.
John
Gee, Coventry
Chas. & Rd. Nevill
William
Clarke, Coventry
Thomas
Prime
Francis
Marrian & ]
Gausby j
Pagett
John
Hardman, sen. & jr. 1
Uiffe /
Richard
Whitehouse
John Baker
Jer. & Chas
Sarah
Loveridge
James
William
Wood, 1
Wood& \
Wood )
1844.
1847.
George
Samuel
Wm. & Ed
Turnpenny
John
Hilliard <& y
Thomason j
William
Swingler
John
ReddaU
John
Henry
-Manton
John
Balleny
Charles
Birch & I
Morrall )
Henry
Elkington
Samuel
I'erry
Thomas
James
Walker, Coventry
400 The Sheffield Silverstniths and their Marks.

CHAPTER XVIL
THE SHEFFIELD SILVERSMITHS
AND THEIR MARKS.
oniysiiver Thls chaptcr is headed "silversmiths" and not goldsmiths, because,
assayed at
^irSriw. although the term "goldsmith" is understood to include silversmith, it
might possibly be misleading to speak of Sheffield goldsmiths, when, as
a fact, gold had never been officially assayed at Sheffield until the ist of
March, 1904.
Sheffield assay As mcntloncd in the preceding chapter, the establishment of an
office established
'773- assay office at Sheffield by the Act 13 Geo. IIL, c. 52, in 1773, was
consequent upon a petition to Parliament on the ist of February in that
year. The Act, reciting that the silversmiths and plate-workers in Sheffield
were under great difficulties and hardships in the exercise of their trades
for want of assayers in convenient places to assay and touch their plate,
appointed Sheffield to have an assay office for assaying and marking
wrought plate, and incorporated a company, entitled "Guardians of the
standard of wrought plate within the town of Sheffield," with perpetual
succession and power to use a common seal. The following noblemen
and others — several being plate manufacturers — are named in the Act
as the first members of the company thereby incorporated : —
The Marquess of Rockingham, the Earl of Strafford, the Earl
of Effingham, Godfrey Bagnall Clark, Anthony St. Leger, Samuel
Shore, jun., Saml. Tooker, Henry Howard, Walter Oborne, the Rev.
James Wilkinson (clerk), Benjamin Roebuck, Thos. Broadbent, John
Shore, Geo. Greaves, John Turner, Thos. Bland, George Brittain,
Samuel Staniforth, Simon Andrews Young, Joseph Matthewman, John
Hoyland, Henry Tudor, John Winter, Albion Cox, John Rowbotham,
Joseph Hancock, Matthew Fenton, Wilham Marsden, Thomas Law, and
Joseph Wilson.
No time was lost after the Act was passed before the company
proceeded to business. They met on the 5th July, 1773, under the

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks. 401
presidency of the Earl of Effingham and elected Joseph Hancock, John
Rowbotham, Simon Andrews Young, and Samuel Staniforth as the
first four wardens ; they appointed Daniel Bradbury, of Carey Lane,
London, to be assayer, and ordered that the letter to be stamped on the
silver wares for the ensuing year should be the old text capital letter E.
The Act of 177^, modified by the 24 Geo. IIL, c. 20, which authorised Proceedings
' ' ^' -' ^ ' ' ^ regulated by
a somewhat increased scale of charges for assaying, still regulates the Qjo^nV'^c. 52,
,. ri . AT- •• r .-) A. ras modified bv
proceedings of the corporation. A district consisting ol the town ot ti.e^+Geo.m.
C. 20.
Sheffield and twenty miles around was assigned to it, and no silver wares
made within that district could be assayed and marked except at the
Sheffield office, and all plate made for sale must have been assayed
there until 1854, when by the 17 & 18 Vic, c. 96 workers and dealers
were allowed to have their plate assayed and marked at any legally
established assay office in the kingdom.
The principal officers are four wardens,* the assay master, and a
law clerk. The regulations of the office are similar to those in force at
Birmingham, and are much more precise than those of London.
At first this office, like that of Birmingham, was open on two days
only in each week, but now by reason of the extent of the business it is
open every day except Sundays and holidays.
THE SHEFFIELD SILVERSMITHS' MARKS.
The marks required to be stamped on wrought silver assayed at
Sheffield are : —
I. The maker's mark, which must be the first letters of his The marks on
silver wrought at
Christian and surname ; sheiseid.
2. The standard mark, which for plate 1 1 oz. 2 dwts. fine is the
lion passant, and for plate 11 oz. 10 dwts. fine (which,
however, is very rarely manufactured in Sheffield,) the
figure of Britannia, in a square stamp ;f
3. The peculiar mark of the company, which, as prescribed by
the 13 Geo. IIL, c. 52, sec. 5, is a crown ;
4. A distinct variable mark or letter, which must be annually
changed on the election of new wardens ; and
¦¦¦¦ .Any two of whom are empowered to act.
-|- The lion's head erased is not one of the Sheffield marks. 26

402

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

5-

Capricious use
of letters for
date-marks.

The date-letters
from 1773 to
1799.

From December, 1784, to June, 1890, a further mark rep
resenting the head of the Sovereign : indicating that duty
had been paid in respect of the plate on which the mark
was struck.
The variable mark or date-letter is changed on the first Monday in
July in every year, when any vacancies in their body are filled by the
guardians, and the wardens for the next ensuing year are elected.
Though letters of various alphabets have been used, as at other
offices, for date-marks, the letters used at Sheffield prior to 1824 followed
each other in no regular order. During the twentysix years from the
establishment of the office, to I799j letters were selected from at least
three distinct alphabets, none of which were arranged consecutively.
This must have made their meaning very obscure, in fact indeterminable
except by a table such as follows.
As the term " cycle " has been apphed to an alphabet taken in
regular order (though frequently curtailed) to represent the successive
years of a series, it is somewhat inappropriate to the early Sheffield
tables, but for convenience' sake its use is continued.
The first cycle commenced in 1773 and continued to July, 1799.
The date-letters of this series are twentysix in number, the first twelve
being old English capitals, the thirteenth and fourteenth being ^ and \{
respectively in small old English letters. The next five letters are old
English capitals, the following three, U, 0, and IU being small old English
letters. The next two letters are old EngHsh capitals, and the last two of
the cycle are the Roman letters X and V respectively. The description
of the letters of this cycle in the minute book of the company is merely
that they are "Text Capital Letters," the letters having been written in
the book in the handwriting of the clerk. Examples have been found of
every letter in this cycle except the % of 1796-7; they are illustrated
in the first of the following tables. It will be observed that they differ
very materially from all representations of these letters which have
hitherto appeared. Notably, the letter for 1787, represented in "Old
English Plate" as X, is in reality H ; in "Hall Marks on Plate" the mark
given is a hybrid character between X and {I, quite unlike the actual
letter. In both books the letter HD for 1789 is represented as having been
repeated in 1 794 in the same form, whereas in fact the letters for those
two years differ materially, that of 1789 being a capital, whilst that of
1794 is a small letter. The last six letters of this cycle (excepting %)

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks. 403
are in the following tables for the first time accurately represented in
fac-simile. The letters of this cycle and the next, unlike any others,
commence with E, and proceed without order, having been selected
arbitrarily by the guardians at their annual meeting. The letter E,
being the initial of the title of the Earl of Effingham, the first chair
man of the guardians, was, it appears, selected by way of compliment to
his lordship. Other letters, the initials of the names of other members
of that body, may have been selected for a similar reason.
The twentyfive letters of the second cycle (July, 1799, to July, 1824) The date-ietiers
from 1799 to
are all Roman capitals in square or oblong punches.* In the third cycle, '^''^¦
from 1824 to 1844, twenty small Roman letters — a to Z — were used,
selected in regular order, except that 1,1, n, O, W and y were omitted.
In the fourth cycle (1844 to 1868) twentyfour Roman capital letters
were used, in square or oblong punches with the corners clipped,'|' the
letters having been chosen in regular order right through the alphabet
from A to Z, except that J and Q were omitted. The Queen's head
stamp of this cycle affords an easy means of distinguishing between the
marks of this and those of earlier cycles.
In the fifth cycle (1868 to 189';) the date-marks are twentvfive The date-ietters
^ ^ _-^J ^ from 1868 to
plain block letters, A to Z, omitting I, in oblong punches with '9°3.
truncated corners.^
The sixth and now current cycle was commenced in 1893, the
letters being small Old English characters in oblong punches with clipped
corners, proceeding in regular order from ^ onwards, the letter 1 being
omitted. In 1890, on the repeal of the duty on plate, the use of the Disappearance
of Sovereign's
Sovereign's head stamp was discontinued. With reference to this mark •"='-"! stamp on
CJ r^ repeal of plate-
it will be noticed that, as in the case of other provincial offices, the "'^'
change in the form of the head with each reign was not made until a few
years had passed after the accession of the new monarch.
¦•¦¦ Except when the crown and letter are in one stamp, when the shape is as illustrated in the
table. t The date-mark for the year 1854-5, the letter L, is in a circular stamp, quite an exceptional
form for a Sheffield letter-punch.
:): In Chaffers' "Hall-Marks on Plate" I is given in error as the date-letter for 1876-7, and
it is there stated that "the variable letter for each year was furnished by Mr. J. Watson, the
Assay Master." The mistake arose it appears through the late Mr. J. Watson, a former Assay
Master, having informed the late Mr. Chaffers, some time prior to the year 1876, that the variable
letters appointed to be used in the cycle of twentyfour years, from July, 1868, to July, 1893, were
plain block letters. It was then anticipated that J would not be used, and the table for that cycle
was framed accordingly. In July, 1876, however, the letter selected for the then ensuing year was J,
(I having been discarded), but in subsequent editions of " Hail-Marks on Plate" the mistake has been
passed without correction by the editors of that work.

404

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

The crown and
date-letterstruck by one
punch, simuL
taneously with
the more common
method of striking
each mark with
separate punches.

Order of marks.

The author is indebted to the courtesy of the Assay Master, Mr. B.
W. Watson, for his kind assistance with reference to the formation of
the following tables. The author has examined the Sheffield Company's
minute-books, and has noted the several marks there recorded. With
the aid of his notes and casts of the marks found at the assay office and
on existing articles of plate the tables have been carefully constructed.
The marks, where so described in the tables, have been reproduced
from articles there mentioned and compared with similar marks found
on many other examples which it is unnecessary to mention in detail.
There is one and only one mark in the whole of the tables the form
of which is doubtful, viz., the letter % for 1796-7, of which the author
has found no example, and of which there is no record other than the
description in the minute-book. In the later cases where the marks are
not stated to have been taken from specified articles of plate they have
been reproduced from the official marks.
Sometimes, more especially in the case of small articles, the crown
is found over or at the side of the date-letter, in the same stamp,
as illustrated in the following tables at 1780, 1810, 1825, 1834 and other
years. This occurs simultaneously with the more common method of
striking each mark separately, but the practice of grouping the crown
and date-letter together in one stamp was discontinued many years ago
and has not been resumed.
The order of the marks generally observed, is as described on pages
401-2. Proceeding from left to right, as you look at them, the maker's
mark is the first of the series. It is placed last in the tables, for con
venience of reference to the names in type.
The list of names of Sheffield silversmiths which follows the tables
has been transcribed from an alphabetical list compiled by Mr. R. C.
Hope, F.S.A., to which, by Mr. Watson's kind assistance, many additions
have been made. By consulting the list of names it may be possible to
identify the makers of plate whose marks may not be found in the
following tables.
The heading " Marks on Sheffield Silver Wares " has been adopted
to prevent mistake, because the term " Sheffield plate " has been
misappropriated to the old plated wares of Sheffield, which were made
of copper, on to which a thin plate of silver was wrought.

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

40:

MARKS ON SHEFFIELD SILVER WARES.

TABLE I.

FOUR

STAMPS TILL I784, FIVF- STAMPS AFTERWARDS, AS BELOW.

17734

LION
PASSANT.

CROWN.

DATE
LETTER

KINO-S
. HEtD froia l7St

MAKER'S UARK.

maker's name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Rich'd. Morton &Co.
Mat'w. Fenton li Co.

Coasters ; B'ham Assay Office.
Salt-cellars : Mr. Dudley Wes

1774-5

11

Geo. Ashforth & Co.
tropp.
Candlesticks - S. Kensington
Museum.
1776-6
»»
li^UliU
John Winter & Co.
Pair of candlesticks : Messrs. G.
1776-7
»»
^
kUAi)
Wm. Damant.
Do. do. . Mr. Lowe, Chester.
1777-8
1778-9
1779-80
11 If
m
[ m
m tt
Tudor & Leader.
Fenton Creswick tS:
Co.
.Tolm Smith (?)
Sauce tureen : Col. Longfield.
Candlestick's : Messrs. M. and S.
Lyon.
Candlesticks : S. Kensington
Museum.
Candlesticks; St.John's College,
Cambridge.
1780-1
1781-2
t?
k
RRPPS 39
Nath'l. Smith & Co.
Fenton Creswick &
Co.
John Winter & Co.
Pair of salt-cellars : Mr. H. D.
Ellis.
Salver : Mr. Cecil Woods.
1782-3
I>
03
[Mus.
Candlesticks : S. Kensington
li^iili^
1783-4
n
E3
Danl. Holy & Co.
John Parsons & Co.
Tea-urn : Mr. W. Boore.
Pair of candlesticks : Do.
1784-5
M
i)
i
II
„
Do. do. : Messrs. Christie.
1785-6 1786-7
1787-8
S3
@
1 t
tt
K4:i
Richd. Morton & Co.
Inkstand : Messrs. Spink.
»t
ft
John Parsons &: Co.
Candlesticks : Oueen s College,
Cambridge, & Mr. J. H. Walter.
Candlesticks: Messrs. G.
1788-9
H
tt
^iMiES^
John Younge & Sons
Do. Mr. H. D. Ellis.
1789-90
tl
i]
t»
f^
R. .Sutcliffe & Co. (?)
Do. : Sir F. L. Currie, Bart.
1790-1
)»
m
©
tt
m\'iA
John Parsons & Co.
Do. : South Kens. Mus.
Large skewer : Mr. H. Davison.
1791-2
»»
\H^{m
John Younge & Sons
1792-3
m
a
[S
t»
ffT^
John Parsons & Co.
Table Candlestick : Mr. Arthur.
1793-4
t^
@
tt
EQ
Thos. Lamborn.
Small stopper : Col. Longfield.
1794-5
• ?
CD
t»
tM-S-W
John Green & Co.
Candlesticks : Oswestry Corpn.
1795-6
f »
m
ft
t t
„
Candlesticks : Lent to Mr. B.
W. Watson.
1796-7
»»
z
tt
No example found of this year.
1797-8
1798-9
tt
tt
^3
Thos. Lamborn.
Saml. Roberts, jr., j
Geo.Cadman & Co. \
Medal : Lent to Mr. B. W.
Watson.
Candlestick : Do. do.
*1779-80
.. © #©
John Younge Co. ... Pierced cruet : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
I The 3 of 1784-3 is found without and with the King's head.
X With the h of 1786-7 the head is found both incuse and cameo.
4o6

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.
MARKS ON SHEFFIELD SILVER WARES.

TABLE II.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.
P.kir»r. cRo^K.^iUlR'S "AJif;^
maker's NAME.
articles and owners.
1799 1800
^
m
m
John Love & Co.
John Green & Co.
Candlesticks : Mr. D. Westropp.
Do. : Messrs. Foster.
Si
Geo. Ashforth & Co.
Bread-basket : Mr. W. Boore.
1800-1
John Green & Co.
Candlesticks : The Author.
Candelabrum : Trinity Ho., Hull.
1801-2
RI
lri:/-7*B
Thos. Watson & Co.
Candlesticks : Messrs. Christie.
1802-3
1803-4
^
^
»;?;,(
Thos. & Danl. Leader
Teapot stand : Mr. Saml. Deane.
Q
Richd. Morton & Co.
Candlestick : Messrs. Spink.
RSsP^iS
Nathan Smith & Co.
Candlesticks : The Author.
1804-5
@m
t*AH'l>
Jas. Ellis & Co.
Do. : Messrs. Christie.
Coasters : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
1805-6
13
WI'^'W
Alexr. Goodman & Co.
1806-7
Q
Q^
I. T. Younge & Co.
Candlestick: Mr. Bright.
1807-8
@
Assay Office Record.
1808-9
Q
Do. do. do.
1809-10
0
HiTT»a
John Roberts & Co.
Coasters : Mr. D. Westropp.
@
11
») 11
Do. : Holburne Museum.
1810-1
I*
rT^
Geo. Eadon & Co.
Candlesticks : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
mm
^f flPI
Name not traced.
Bowl : Mr. Lowe.
1811-2
1812-3
©
I k^
Waterhouse, Hodson,
&Co.
Kirkby, Waterhouse &
Co.
Candlesticks : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Assay Office Record.
Candlesticks : Mr. Goldman.
1813-4
(tWililti
1814-5
ESB
John Law.
Snuff box : Messrs. Spink.
1815-6
^M-:?«iii
J. Ellis & Co. (?)
Small salver : iMr. Lowe.
1816-7
E9
FKn
John Watson.
Candlesticks : Messrs. Christie.
Q
f "
" 1 fTSVt
,, ,,
Do. do. do.
1817-8
John & Thos. Settle.
Cake-basket : Mr. Arthur.
1818-9
Q
S. C. Younge & Co.
Pair of salvers : Messrs. Christie.
1
1
r \i*-£i<
Thos. & Jas. Creswick
Candlesticks ; Messrs. Crichton.
1819-20 cia IV.
1820-1
1 ,,
Kirkby, Waterhouse &
Co.
Saml. Roberts, jun. 'J
Geo. Cadman & Co. )
Name not traced.
Do. : i\lr. B. W. Watson.
Egg stand ; Mr. Lowe.
Candlesticks : Mr. W. Boore.
tt
»»
1821-2
»»
It
0
UB
J. Law (?)
Do. . Messrs. Christie.
1822-3
*»
i»
@
K<n>n
John Green & Co.
Do. Messrs. Crichton.
1823-4
"
11
(6
Assay Office Record.
The observations on pages 402-4, with refefence to the marks illustrated m
Tables I. to VI., should be read.
The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

407

MARKS ON SHEFFIELD SILVER WARES.

TABLE III.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.
1824-5
LION
PASSANT
E3
DATE KING'S
CROWN, LETTER. HEAD
MAKER'S MARK.
maker's name.
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
©
S. C. Younge & Co.
Wm. Blackwell & Co.
Candlesticks : Messrs. Christie.
Coasters : per Mr. Dudley Westropp.
1825-6
..
@
11
Waterhouse, Hodson &
Co.
Battie, Howard & ]
Hawksworth J
Candlesticks : Mr. Lowe, Chester.
1826-7
»t
.. @
tt
g^
Do. : Messrs. Christie.
1827-8
t*
S
*»
RTH
T. J. & N. Creswick.
Do. : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
1828-9
If
., @
i«
Battie, Howard & \
Hawksworth. J
Do. : Messrs. Christie.
1829-30 WM. IV.
1830-1
tt M
m
i»It
So
lis
John Waterhouse & )
Edw. Hatfield? J
T. J. & N. Creswick.
Breadbasket : Mr. W. Boore.
Bedroom candlestick : Mr. R. Day,
F.S.A.
1831-2
11
11 05
6
OB
Jas. Burbury.
Dessert knife : Mr. Crichton.
1832-3
»»
" 0
tt
Assay Office Record.
1833-4
tt
c^
»i
Kra
T. J. & N. Creswick
Wm. Allanson & Co.
Candlestick : Mr. Bruford.
Do. : Messrs. Spink.
1834-5
»»
Wi
Q3S3
Waterhouse, Hodson &
Co.
Do. : per Mr. Dudley
Westropp.
1835-6
tl
m*^
W^
Howard &Hawksworth
Coasters : Holburne Museum.
1886-7
»»
.. 0
tt
...
Assay Office Record.
VICT.
1837-8
t»
irfy)
tt
Hy. Wilkinson & Co.
Candlestick : Mr. Stansby.
1838-9
tt
KT^
It
„
Inkstand : Mr. Arthur.
1839-40
1*
„ Q
11
KiJ<
Samuel Harwood.
Decanter labels : The Author.
1840-1
t*
M CD
0
»»
,. 1,
Plate : per Mr. B. W. Watson.
1841-2
»t
¦• Q
11
Assay Office Record.
1842-3
t»
fe^fia
-
0®
Hawksworth, Eyre &
Co.
Plate : per Mr. B. W. Watson.
1843-4
tt
.. 0
••
Assay Office Record.
In the period covered by the above table, and in preceding years, the crown
and date-letter were grouped together in one stamp, simultaneously with the
more common method of striking each mark with separate punches.
In the two preceding cycles (1773 to 1779, and 1799 to 1824) the date-letters
were selected without any regular order. In the cycle illustrated above (1824 to
1844) the date-letters were, for the first time, selected in regular alphabetical
order ; the letters i, j, n, o, w and y were, however, omitted without any apparent
reason.
4o8

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON SHEFFIELD SILVER WARES.

TABLE IV.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

r»nw»fEJI5„ •¦""* QUEENS MJKEJ-S
CROWN. LETTER, PASSANT. HEAD. MARK.

8-9
1849-50

1854-5

i2-313-4

Q
G3 @
mm
m
m Q
Q
a
o®
m @
Q
OD
Q
C3
0

MAKER S NAME.

Hawksworth, Eyre &
Co.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Hawksw-orth, Eyre &
Co.

Martin Hall & Co.

Harrison Bros. & How
son.

Fenton Bros.
Hy. Archer & Co.
Martin Hall & Co., Ltd.

Milk jug : Mr. Lowe.
Assay Office Record.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Tea set : per Mr. D. Westropp.
Assay Office Record.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Salad server : The Author.
Assay Office Record.
Do. do.
Fish knives : Mr. Bruford.
Assay Office Record.
Hot-water jug : Mr. R. Day.
Dessert knife : Mr. Crichton.
Communion plate : Ulverston.
Assay Office Record.

In
regular

the cycle covered bv the above table the date-letters were selected in
alphabetical order ; J and O were, however, omitted.

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

409

MARKS ON SHEFFIELD SILVER WARES.

TABLE V.
FIVE STAMPS TILL 189O, FOUR STAMPS AFTERWARDS, AS BELOW.

CROWN.

LION DATE
AS3ANT. LETTER

QUEEN HEAD.

S MAKER'S MARK,

maker's name.

ARTICLES and OWNERS.

1868-9

^

e

Q

0

Martin Hall & Co., Ltd.

Dessert knife : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.

1869-70

"

1 1

©

1 1

t)

„

Fruit dish : Messrs. Christie.

1870-1

It

"

@

"

Assay Office Record.
1871-2
»»
..
Q
11
Do. do.
1872-3
11
» t
@
11
Do. do.
1873-4
l>
It
Q
It
fm
John Harrison & Co., Ld.
Goblet : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
1874-5
1^
.1
@
It
Assay Office Record.
187S-6
»»
i»
0
11
Do. Do.
1876-7
11
M
0
11
Do. do.
1877-8
1»
»t
Q
"
Do. do.
1878-9
tt
t 1
(1
M
Do. do.
1879-80
tl
It
0
..
Do. do.
1880-1
11
11
0
11
Do. do.
1881-2
It
1 t
Q
11
Do. do.
1882-3
»1
tt
Q
1 1
...
Do. do.
1883-4
»t
Tt
Q
11
Do. do.
1884-5
tt
11
Q
1 1
Do. do
1885-6
»»
11
@
tt
Do. do.
1886-7
t 1
11
Q
11
Do. do.
1887-8
»t
It
(D
tl
Do. do.
1888-9
11
tt
Q
1 1
turn
Hawksworth, Eyre &
Co., Ltd.
Candlesticks : Mr. W. Boore.
1889-90
It
1»
C9
11
I^Er
W. Briggs & Co.
Butter cooler : Mrs. Budd.
1890-1
1)
tl
Q
Q0
^
Martin Hall & Co., Ltd.
Jas. Dixon & Sons.
Henry Stratford.
Toilet fittings : The Author.
1891-2 1892-3
tl
tlIt
(jtj-'fe
Spirit flask : Do.
Candlesticks : Messrs. Debenham.
Uis)
Excepting the letter I every letter of the alphabet was used in regular suc
cession in the above cycle.
4IO

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON SHEFFIELD SILVER WARES.

TABLE VI.
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW.

1893-4

1896-7

1900
1900-1
EDW. VII.
1901-2 1902-3

m

gs

0

0

s
0
0
9
0
0
Eli]
ESS
es3
MAKER S NAME.
James Dixon & Sons.
John Round & Son, Ltd.
Jas. Deakin & Sons.
Mappin & Webb.
Fordham & Faulkner.
Lee & Wigfull.
Atkin Brothers.
Walker & Hall.
Roberts & Belk.
Harrison Bros. & Howson,
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
Grape scissors : Mrs. W. Budd.
Fruit dish Do.
Cake basket : Do.
Candlesticks : Mappin & Webb.
Hot-water jug : .Mrs. W. Budd.
Large dredger : Do.
Lemon-strainer : Do.
Biscuit-barrel : Walker & Hall.
Tea set : Mrs. Ince.
Table plate : noted by Author.
HALL MARKS ON SHEFFIELD GOLD WARES.
The Sheffield assay office is now authorised* to assay and mark
gold wares. It commenced doing so on the ist March, 1904.
The York Rose is the local mark which distinguishes gold assayed
at Sheffield. It corresponds with the crown on silver wares. The date-
letter (which for the year 1903-4 is a small old English I) is the same
for both gold and silver. The other marks which denote the five gold
standards are similar to those of London, Chester, and Birmingham, the
crown used with the figures 22 and 18 respectively on gold of the two
higher standards having no connection with the crown stamped on silver.
The examples of marks illustrated below have been reproduced on
an enlarged scale from the assay office stamps.
MARKS 0\ THE SEVERAL CLASSES OF GOLD WARES ASSAYED AT SHEFFIELD FROM
1ST MARCH TO 4TH lULY, I904.
22 Carat
s @ ^ 0
18 Carat
X M OS "
15 Carat
" fRJ^ "
12 Carat
" IS @ "
9 Carat
.. @£^ ..
By the .'Vet 3 Edw. Vll., c. 255.
The Sheffiield Silversmiths and their Marks.

411

NAMES OF SILVERSMITHS ENTERED AT THE
SHEFFIELD ASSAY OFFICE,
From 1773 to 1890.

Entered 1773.

1777-

1784.

Geo.

Ashforth & Co.

Thos.

Allen

Geo.

Brittan & Co.

Wm.

Birks & Co.

Joseph

Creswick

John

Cooper

Matthew

Fenton & Co.

Daniel

Holy & Co.

Thos.

Fox & Co.

John

Hoyland & Co.

W.

Holyland & Co.

W.

Green & Co.

Hancock

& Rowbotham

Geo.
Hawlev
Thos.
Law
1778.
Saml.
Kirkby & Co.
J.
Littlewood
J.
Swift & Co.
I.
Littlewood
John
Green
Wm.
Wild& Co.
Richard
Morton
John
Harrison
Richard
Morton & Co.
Naylor
& Little
1785-
W.
Marsden & Co.
Thos.
Prior
Margrave, James & Co.
Thos.
Radcliffe
Jos.
Bailey
Chas. & L
Proctor
James
Tibbetts
W.
Darby
Samuel
Roberts
John
Winter
James
Green
Samuel
Roberts & Co.
John
Younge & Co.
Proctor,
Luke & Co.
John
Rowbotham & Co.
John
Saynor
Robert
Trickett
1779.
Tudor & Leader
1786.
John
Winter & Co.
Benjamin
Blonk
Jos.
Wilson
David
Cadman
W.
Denning
& Neville
Joseph
Dickenson
Hague
Jas. Mickletf
1774-
Josia Mary
KempKirkby
Makin
1 waite & Co.
Isaac
Cossins
Madin
& Trickett
Thos.
Nowell
Thos.
Greaves
Wm.
Patten
Chas.
Roebuck
Sam.
Greaves & Co.
Saml.
Roberts, jun., 1
Cadman & Co. j
Thos.
Holly & 1
Newbold /
Ibberson
1780.
Geo.
W.John
Richard
Foster
JohnJos.
RobertsSpooner
Caris
Justice
Nathanie
Smith & Co.
Robt.
Trickett & Co.
Robert
Kippax & Co.
Thos.
Shaw
Wm.
Marsden
1781.
1787.
Samuel
Warburton & Co.
Wra.
1775- Daraant
W.
Benjn. Geo.
John
Birks & Son
Brodderick Briddock
Dewsnip
Jos. Barraclough & Co.
Luke Marriott
Samuel Davidson
Stafford & Newton
W.
Fox
Sara.
Deakin & Co.
John
Henferry & Son
Michael
Hunter & 1
Twig /
1788.
John
Jervis
Josiah
Chas.
Kelk
Sykes
R.
& Co.
John
Birwick
Thos.
Lamborn
Sutcliffe & Co.
Robert
Burnand
J.
Mappin & Co.
Thos.
Settle
Geo.
Cooper
Jonathan
Mappin
Shennell, Parkin & Co.
John
Lindley & Co.
Maurice
Rogers
Benjn.
Withers
W.
Morton
W. & W.
Smith
Robert
Owen & Co.
John
Smith
1782.
Thos.
Settle & Co.
Fenton,
Creswick & Co.
Peter
Spurr & Son
Josiah
Cawton
John
Younge & Sons
1776.
1783-
1789.
Thos.
Hoyland
John
Rowbotham
Thos.
Colley
W.
Jervis
Jos.
Shennel & Co.
John
Love & Co.
Nathaniel
Travis
J.
Watkinson
John
Parsons & Co.
John
Wright
412

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

1790.

i

1798.

1807.

Luke

Brownhill

Thos.

Blagden

Clark,

Hall & Clark

John

Law

Hamond

Blake

Benj.

Polack

Thos.

Rodgers

Geo.

Hague

Thos.

Sansom

Dollift

Rollison

Thos. & Dan Leader

John
Wilkinson
J.
Makin & Co.
1808.
Middleton & Co.
1791.
Peacock & Austin
Thos.
Blagden '
Hodgson & Co. J
Henry
Rock
Thos.
Benjn.
Brocklesby
Robert
Gainsford
Thos.
Parkin
1799.
Thomas
Nixon & Co.
1792.
Daniel
Barnan & 1
Settle /
Fenton Hewett & )
Rock ;
Hardy
1809.
L.
John George
JohnRichard
John Ab.
Fox & Co.
Green & i
Hague Green & Co.
LoyParkin & 1
Wigham J
John
John HenryHenry
Jos.
Gregory
James Thomp;
George
Westenholm & Co.
Kirkby
on & Barber
Wostenholme
.In. Ebenezer
Shore & Co.
Smelle
Wright
& Fairbairn
1810.
Proctor & Beilby
Eben.JamesJohn Dennis
J.Robert Henry
Rhodes Rotherham
Sykes & Co.
Sykes
Saynor Sporle & Co.
Whitelock & Co.
Alexr.
Alexr.Robert
Jos.
1800. Brailsforth & Co.
Goodman & Co.
Jewesson Kirby
Jos. Brammar &.\
Sam. Horrabin /
Thos. & Jas. Creswick
Thomas Kitchen
Chas. Needham
Smith, Tate tt Co.
Robt. Wncc
Hannah
Watkinson
1801.
1793-
Sam.
Bennett & 1
Spurr 1
Battie & Co.
Watson & Co.
1811.
JamesJames
MarshEllis & Co.
Peter
Geo.Thos.
Saml. Mearbeck
Wardell & Kempson
Edmund
Sporle & Co.
John
Ellis
S. & C. "' " '^
lounge (5c 1^0.
Smith,
Knowles, )
Peter
Spurr & \
Cadman J
1812.
Creswick & Co. J
Peter
James H.
Sharran & Co.
Watkinson & Co.
W.Thomas
Harwood & Co.
Poynton & Flower
Jos.
Rodgers & Son
Jos.
Wilson & Co.
1813.
1802.
1794.
Jos.
Nowell
Geo.
Dalton
Thomas
Cooper
Roberts
Clayton & Co.
Thomas
Rodgers
Young
& Deakin
1795-
JohnW.
Settle & 1
Hatfield J
1815.
Geo.
Eadon & Co.
Jas.
Gregorv & Co,
1803.
Battie,
Howard & 1
Hawksworth 1
John
Kay & Co.
James
Moore
Henry
Coar
Jno. & Thos. Settle
Isaac
Sampson
Jos.
Ouixale & Co.
Watson
Bradbury & Co.
1816.
John
Watson
1804.
Blackwe
ll & Parkin
1796.
John
Poynton
Staniforth & Co.
Jas.
Crawshaw
Goodwin & Edwin
John
Fenton,
Allanson & Co.
Richard
Gregory & Co.
:8i7.
W.
Jessop
1805.
*^.i / .
Tucker,
Fenton & Co.
Thos.
Best
Kirkby,
Waterhouse & Co.
Roberts,
Moseley & Settle
Wm.
Parkin
Thos.
Warris & Sons
Rodgers,
Cam & Co.
Wm.
Wrangham
R. F.
Wilkinson
1797.
Jas.
Drabble & Co.
1818.
Goodman, Gainsford & Co.
1806.
Aaron
Hadfield
Dan
Leader
John
Eyre
Tudor
& Nicholson
Wm.
Coldwell
B.
Rocke & Son
The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

413

Geo.T. J. & N.
Peter

Wm.
Benjn. FrancisThos.John

i8ig. Dodds Creswick
Dewsnap

Bagshaw Martin Morton
Clayton Etches
1821.

Jonathan, Briggs & Co.
Castleton, .Milner & Co.
S. ct W. Kirkby
1822.
.\le.x. Hunt
Kirkby, Gregory & Co.
John Taylor
Webster, Danby & Co.
John Watson & Son
Waterhouse, Hodgson & Cc
John Whip & 1
John Rose /
1823.

WilliamWilliam
F. & G.
Fenton,

BriggsBlackwell & Co.
Fearn
Webster & Danby

Benjn.

Rawlings

1824.

Chas.
Joseph Law,

Hammond Law
Oxley & Atkin

Samuel

Tinker

Geo.

Adday & Son

Jolin

.'Yshford

Jasper

Cutis & Co.

John

Houlden

Settle,

Gunn & Co.

Wm. & John Nowell

.4shford, Hartshorn & Co.
.A.shford, Creswick & Co.
Thomas Champion & Son
.\shforth Crawshaw
Roberts, Smith & Co.
Underwood, Wilkinson & Co.
W. Watson & Bradley
1828.
Atkin & Oxley
Green, Bradbury & Firth

Geo.Sam
J. Chas.

Jas.Jas.Jas.

Hardesty Hennell
Newton & Co.
Picksley
1829. BurburyDixon & Sons
Smith & Son

1831.
Bartol Hamsfield
Hardy, Bell & Co.
Henry Wilkinson & Co.
Wilkinson & Roberts
1S32.
W. Allanson & Co.
Thos. Bradbury & Sons
Kieteher, Walker & Kerr
1833-
HawksworHi, Eyre, & Co.
John Harrison & Co.
Geo. Stokes
Jas. Mappin & Son
Sansom & Harwood
H. Wilkinson 1
Dawson & Co. /
1834.
Geo. Hibbert
Thorpe, Glos5op& Middleton
1835.
.\brahani Dyson
Howard & Hawksworth
Saml. Harwood
Patrick Leonard
William Sansom
Kieteher & Walker

Joseph & Ed. Mappin
1836.
Thos.
Hardy
1849.
John
Waterhouse
*}
George
Deakin & Co.
Edward
Hatfield
W.
Hutton
1850.
Samuel
Walker
Chas. Fred
. Younge
1837-
James
W. F.
WolstenholmeWolstenholme
1851.
Henry
Duke
1839.
Thomas
Royle
1852.
W.
Carter
Isaac
Simmons
1840.
W.
Watson & Co.
1853-
Lee&
Middleton
H.W.
Atkin Bros & (
Wm. & Hy
. Hutchinson
Thomas
Turner
T. P. Lowe
Henry Walker & 1
John Wilkinson J
Glossop & Nutt
HenryEdwin
JohnJohn
1841. Atkin Bradley
Gilbert Oxlev
Jno. Priston Cutis
Geo. Waterhouse & Co.
1843-
John & Jonathan Bell
Osborne & Elliott
1844.
Thomas Badger &)
William Worrall /"
Charles Boardman
Roberts & Slater
1845.
Thomas Freeman
1846.
James Green
George Ward
Martin Bros. & Naylor
Padley, Parkin & Co.
Josephus Smith
1847.
Thonias Badger
Roberts & Hall
414

The Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

1854.
Archer & Machin
Jonathan Bell
John Bell
J. G. Cowleshaw
James Fenton (B'ham)
Martin, Hall & Co.
Joseph Machin 1
Henry Archer & Co. f
Martin, Hall & Co., Ltd.
1855-
John Biggin
Lockwood Bros.
Thomas Marples
Rhodes Bros.
Sansom & Davenport
W. & H. Stratford
1856.
Hukin Fenton
George Hawksley & Co.
W. W. Harrison & Co.
Mappin Bros.
Henry Stacey & 1
 Orton /
Sansom & Creswick
1857-
Creswick & Co.
John Fred. Fenton
Fred Ellis Timm
F. E. Timm & Co.
Padley, Stanforth & Co.

Thomas Aston & Son (B'hara)
G. Hawksley
John North
S. H. Ward (M'chester)
Jos. & Jas. Rodgers, Ltd.
W. & G. Sissons
1859.
Elkington,Mason& Co.(B'ham)
Brown & Clark (B'ham)
Mappin & Co.
Roberts & Briggs
Slater, Son & Horton
George Teasdell
White & Johnson
i860.
Fenton Bros.
John Knowles & Son
Mappin & Webb

Geo. Edwards (Glasgow)
McKay & Chisholm (Edinburgh)

Prior, Lyack & Co.
Wm. Skidmore
Geo. Unite (B'ham)
1862.
Jas. Chesterman & Co.
Slack Bros.
Walker & Hall
1863.
Bridden Bros.
Chas. Favell (Creswick & Co.)
Livesley Bros.
1864.
S. Bright & Co.
Brookes & Crookes
1865.
Towndson Bros.
Harrison Bros. & Howson
Mararaott, Buxton & Co:
Robinson & Co.

M& W.
W.
White,

Thos. Michael
W. J. E.
JohnJos.

Wm.
James

1866. Dodge (Manchester)
Hutton & Sons
Henderson & Co.
1867. Bradbury & Sons
Beal
Gallimore & Co.
Makin
Round & Son, Ltd.
Slater & Son

Brearley
Thompson,Jenkins

Son&l

Albert John Beardshaw
1870.
Thos. Prime & Son
(Birmingham)
James A. Rhodes
John Sherwood & Son
(Birmingham)
Jos. Wilkinson
1871.
Boardman & Glossop
Manton & Cook (Birmingham'
W. Webster & Son
Wilson & Davis

Wm.P.
Geo.Geo. Henry
John
Thos.Francis

1872. Adams
Ashburv & Sons
Butler & Co.
Cults
Cook
Hunter & Son
Hall & Co.
Knowles & Co.

Lucas & Johnson

1873.

W.

Biggs & Co.
Fee & SwiftKilpatrick & Co.
(London)
Sampson, Wish & Co.
Sheffield Nickel Plating Co.

John

1874. Pinder & Co.
1875-

James Dewsnap
Lewis D. Gibaud
John Hunter
W. Padley & Son
B. W. Ramsden
Edwin Round & Son, Ltd.
Jos. Swift & Co.
Mark Willis & Son
1876.
Hayllar & Lonsdale
1877.
Edmund Bell
Muirhead & Arthur
Peter Skidmore

John Cook

Clarke

Cooper

Bros.

William

Davis

Jaraes

Deakin & Sons

John

Fullerton

Francis

Howard

Morton & Green

J. &H.

Rhodes & Backer

Sibray

Hall & Co.

F. E.

Timm & Co.

White,

Sons & Co.

William

Yates

1879.

W.

Beatson & Sons

Thos.

Otsley & Sons

R. M.

Johnson & Co.

Lee&

Wigtul

Hy.

Stratford

Roberts & Belk

George

Wish

Ihe Sheffield Silversmiths and their Marks.

415

John Batt
John Fee
Joseph Haywood & Co.
Meyers & Davis
Chas Edw. Nixon
John Sanderson

Allison & Lonsdale
Sandy Beatson
Gibson & Langman
W. Batt & Sons
E. Draper & Co.
John Nowill & Sons
John Needham
Henry Price & Co.
Joseph Ridge & Co.

W. Beatson
John B. Carrington
Thos. de la Rue & Co.
Holland Son & Slater
W. Clark Manton
Chas. Stokes & Son
1883.
Geo. .-Vshmore
Bethel Barnett
Bradley & Blake
Francis Cholerton
W. Chas. Eaton
T. W. Eaton

Robt. Mosley, Fead & Co,
Geo. Harvey Whitaker
Fred. Wilson & Co.

Barnett & Scott
Jas. W. Benson
Maurice Baum
F. Hall
(Shaw & Fisher)
Joseph Price
Richd. Richardson
Shaw & Fisher
Geo. H. Whitaker & Co.
1885.
W. Fairbourne & Sons
John Galliraore
Wm. Mammatt & Sons
Wm. Morton
Parkin & Marshall
J, & H. Potter
.Mbert H. Thompson
George Warris

Ed. Brailsford & Co.
Howell & James
John Wm. Kilpatrick
W. Spiridion

1887.
Adams & England
Allen & Darwin

Wm. Allen Beevers
Chas. Favell & Co.
Geo. & Hy. Hulley
John Jenkins

Ballas & Co.
Saml. Biggin & Son
Z. Barraclough & Sons
Bracker& Sydenham
Carrington & Co.
W. Dawson
Fenton Bros.
Frank Fidler
James Neill
S. D. Neill
Pinder Bros.
Arthur W. Staniforth

Joseph Adams
Thos. Bradbury & Sons
Walter Bullas
Francis Corthorn
G. & I. W. Hawkesley
Heeley Bros.
Jenkins & Timm
W. & J. Sears
Priestley & Shaw
E. L. Thompson & Co.
1890.
Sandy Beaston
Fordham & Faulkner

4i6

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.

CHAPTER XVIII.
ENGLISH PROVINCIAL GOLDSMITHS
OF THE MINOR GUILDS.

Hull Goldbmitlit
mentioned in
the Fifteenth
Century.

No evidence of
Incorporation.

Marks on Hull
Plate.

HULL.
Judged by what remains of their work, the goldsmiths of Kingston-
upon-Hull are entitled to first place amongst the guilds of English
Provincial Goldsmiths remaining to be noticed.
Hull had a mint in the reign of Edward I., and in all probability
goldsmiths were working there then, but it is not mentioned in the
Statute 28 Edw. I., (1423) as one of the towns " appointed to have
touches of their own." Names of Hull goldsmiths are, however, found
recorded from the fifteenth century onwards. One " Swethero, Gold-
smyth " is mentioned in the Hull chamberlain's roll of 1427 in connection
with the greater corporation mace, and "Willelmus and John Goldsmyths"
are mentioned in the same connection in 1440. The names of a number
of other Hull goldsmiths will be found in the following list, compiled
mainly by Mr. R. C. Hope, F.S.A.
No evidence that the goldsmiths of Hull were ever incorporated
either by Statute or Charter has been found. It may have been that
their guild existed by sufferance and not by direct authority from the
Crown. Their remoteness from London and comparative inaccessibility
except by sea, would account for their immunity from interference. In
the seventeenth century the goldsmiths of Hull, as in many other towns,
are found to have been combined with workers in brass as " The
Company of Goldsmiths and Braziers."
A great number of examples of plate have been found in and around
Hull bearing marks which have been traced to Hull goldsmiths. The
earliest of such examples has the letter H, the initial of Hull, as the town-
mark; in the seventeenth century, however, the arms of the town — three
ducal coronets in pale — was adopted as the town-mark. It is generally
found in a plain shield on plate stamped also with maker's marks, formed

The Goldsmiths of Hull.

417

of initials of the names of goldsmiths known to have been working in
Hull at that period.
There is no evidence of the existence of any regular assay office,
and there probably never was one at Hull. An attempt seems to have
been made towards the end of the seventeenth century to establish a
system of marking with date-letters, but the examples which have been
found are too few to compile an entire table from, those discovered
being no more than the letters ®, (fand ST in cursive capitals, and one
Roman capital G.
The Hull goldsmiths do not appear to have troubled themselves
much about the Act of 1696, for they seem to have worked on for a
few years regardless of its provisions ; their existence, however, as
workers of plate terminated early in the eighteenth century. Gold
smiths' names are recorded in the archives of the borough down to
1774, but the majority of those mentioned after 1706 were probably
dealers in goldsmiths' work and not manufacturers. No more than two
examples of Hull plate of the period of Queen Anne are known, and
not any of later date.
The examples of Hull plate known to the author number about
thirty in all, and the different combinations of marks amount to seventeen
varieties, the others being repetitions of some of the seventeen which are
represented in the table on the following page.
NAMES OF HULL GOLDSMITHS,

FROM 1427 TO 1774, COMPILED AS STATED ON PAGE 416.

Name of Goldsmith.

Swethero
JohnWillelmusRobert
JohnRobert George
P[eter(?)]
JamesJames
James Martin
Edward
JeconialiRobertJames

" Goldsmyth do.do.
AlnwickNortonNortonHarwood prarlille Lasson
Watson
(,rarlille (?;
Lasson (?
Carlille Moore
RussellWatson
RobinsonWatson

Earliest Date
Found.

Free.

Latest
Date or
Dcath.

1427
1440

1499
1500

1572
1572
1616
1580
1582
1582
1609
1585
i5io
1592
1592
1599
i5oQI6I7
1617
1620
16201649
Name of Goldsmith.
H[enry(?)] Christopher
James A[braham (?)]
Edward
JohnKatherine Thomas
AbrahamHawse Christopher
Richard
StephenJohn Edward
James
R[ussell (?)]
Watson
Birkby B[irkby (?)]
Mangjf}
WatsonMangyHebden
Barachin Brampton
ThompsonMoxon Bramston
Dove Hardy
Dewitt
Earliest Date
Found.
16211638
1651
1660
1680
16811724
17—
1760
Free.
1651
i65o
1681
1706
1750
17721774
Latest
Date or
Death.
i55o
1724
16971690
1750
1772
-7
41 8 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.

MARKS ON HULL PLATE.

THE DATES IN COLUMN 1 ARE APPROXIMATE EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT THE INSCRIBED DATES
MAY BE RELIED ON.

tov;n
MARK

1621 1629 1635
1638
16511666

1680-91

17061710

MAKERS MARK.

© ©

MAKER'S MARK.

iS

IS

tan

S

[S

m

DATE'
LETTER.

m

@

MAKER S NAME.

James Carlille.

Robt. Robinson.

Chr. Watson.

James Birkby.
Edwd. Mangle 1
or Mangy. J

Kath. Mangy.
)) >>
Edwd. Mangy.
Thos. Hebden.
Kath. Mangy.
Abm. Barachin.

Maker's mark
distinct.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

J Com. cup, dated 1587 : Holy Trin. Ch., Hull.
ISeal-top spoon : Trinity House, HuU.

Beaker, dated 1621 : Trinity House,
Hull.
(-Mount of coker-nut cup, dated 1629 ; Trinity
House, Hull.
I Com. cup and paten : N. Frodingham, Yorks.
(Two com. cups: Holy Trinity Ch., Hull.
1 Seal-top spoon ; Trinity House, Hull.

Com. cup, dated 1638 : St. Mary's
Church, Hull.
Seal-top spoon : Trin. House, Hull.

Small caudle cup : Mr. B. Barnett.

( Posset cup and small beaker : Trin. Ho., Hull.
I Com. cup, dated 1666 : Beverley Minster.

Small mace : Hull Corporation.

Trifid spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Com. cup : Copgrove, Yorks.

Com. cup : Trinity House, Hull.
Cover of do. : Do. do.

Tankard : Do.

do.

Peg tankard, dated 1689 : Hedon Corporation ;
tumbler, dated 1689, and a porringer : Trinity
House, Hull ; and
two trifid rat-tail spoons : Mr. Robson.
Tobacco box, dated 1697 : Trinity
House, Hull.

Com. cup : Preston-in-Holderness,
Nr. Hull.
Octagonal bowl: Holburne Mus.,
Bath.

¦•' Probably repaired by R. Robinson in 1621 and by Hawse Brampton c. 1724, as it bears their
marks as well as Jas. Carlille's.

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds. 419
LINCOLN.
Lincoln was one of the seven towns appointed by the Act of 1423 uncoin
•^ "^ -^ ' ^ appointed to bc
" to have divers touches," but no records concerning the proceedings of \^t^^J'''°^"
its goldsmiths have been brought to light. That there were goldsmiths
working in Lincoln from the twelfth century onwards is, however, proved
by deeds, in which one or more of the parties, or an attesting witness is
described as "Aurifaber." In a deed undated, but the date of which is
otherwise ascertained to be a.d. iiS'i to 116^, one "William," grantee Lincoln
•^•^ ¦-" ' o goldsmiths
of land from Walter, Abbot of St. Oswald, of Barduly, is described as ["ThtS'tr"
"Aurifaber," and in two others of c. a.d. 1200 and 12 16 the attesting
witnesses are similarly described. Names of goldsmiths have been
found in similar documents and in the registers of the city, extending,
with intervals, down to the year 1708. Goldsmiths from Lincoln appear
also to have gone to London and pursued their calling there in the
Middle Ages, for in a deed dated 19th May, 1323, conveying certain
lands to the Goldsmiths' Company of London, the name of "Thomas de
Lincoln, aurifaber," occurs as one of the witnesses, and in the same year,
in another document, " Walter de Lincoln, goldsmith," is mentioned as
holding land in the way called St. Vedast, in the parish of St. John
Zacary, London, bordering upon land then purchased by the Gold
smiths' Company. In 1350 John de Lincoln was one of the wardens of
the London Goldsmiths' Company.
The arms of Lincoln are : — Argent, on a cross gules, a fleur-de-lys
or,* and the device of a fleur-de-lys is borne on all the old seals of the
borough, the earliest now in existence having been made in accordance
with a resolution of the 2nd February, i6S6.f Impressions are, however,
known of a seal of 1449, in which year it was resolved "that a new
common seal should be made, stamped with the representation of a
castle with five towers and one gate, and to have a shield of the arms of
the city of Lincoln, and on each side of the castle one Flourdelyssh, with
a writing about the 'girum,' viz., Sygillum Coe Civitatis Lincoln."-^
The adoption by the goldsmiths of Lincoln of the principal charge jheUncoin
in the coat-of-arms of their city as their distinguishing "town-mark," ^^ ''f"-<i'=-iys
was in accordance with the ancient custom which obtained in the
provinces. '¦¦¦ The fleur-de-lys has reference to the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose emblem it is, and in whose
honour the cathedral church of Lincoln is dedicated.
f Cousans, " Civitas Lincolnia," p. 50.

420 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
Plate bearing Platc whlch has becn found bearing the Lincoln mark consists for the
Lincoln marks. most part of spoons of the various types which prevailed in the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries. In the earlier examples the fleur-de-lys is
stamped in the bowl, in the later — the flat-stemmed varieties — all the
marks are struck on the backs of the stems. Three pieces of church plate
have been found with the Lincoln mark ; they are : — a communion cup
and paten at St. Audoen's, Dublin, and a paten at H0I3' Trinity Church,
Goodramgate, York.
A beaker, a mug, and a spoon, have been found, marked with the
fleur-de-lys of Lincoln and a maker's mark identical with that of
Timothy Skottowe who worked at Norwich from 161 7 to 1644, and
who, it is suggested, also carried on business at Lincoln simultaneously,
or shortly after the year 1644. Both the beaker and mug have the mark
of a Roman capital-letter G, similar to the Norwich date-letter for 1630,
and what is more remarkable, both have an additional mark of a lion's
face, which also occurs — together with the mark of Timothy Skottowe,
and the Norwich date-letter T — on a beaker belonging to Mr. Wm.
Minet, F.S.A.*
Communion cups, dated 1569, at Osbournby, North Cockerington,
and Marsh Chapel; others dated 1570, at Auborn and Upton-cum-
Kexby, and others undated at Lea near Gainsborough, Haxey, Boultham,
Heapham, Scotton, and Thimbleby — all in or near the County of
Lincoln — bear a mark (illustrated in the third line of the following
table,) believed to be that of a Lincoln goldsmith, but no other mark
is distinguishable to connect it with the city ; in view, however, of the
fact that no less than eleven examples so marked have been found in the
neighbourhood of Lincoln, it seems reasonable to suppose that they
were wrought there.
The list of names of Lincoln goldsmiths which follows the table of
marks, has been compiled from the documents mentioned, and placed at
the author's disposal by Colonel John G. Williams, of Lincoln. Names
have not so far, been found to correspond with any of the makers' initials
in the table of marks — which is not surprising, in view of the facts that
no records expressly pertaining to the craft have been discovered, and
that there are gaps without names at periods which may be contem
poraneous with the making of the articles which have been found.
® See pages 293, 294 and 300 ante.

English Provincial Goldsmiths of ihe Minor Guilds. 421

MARKS ON LINCOLN PLATE.

(the DATES ARE APPROXIMATE EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT THE INSCRIBED DATES M.AY EE
RELIED on).

Date
(about).

Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1560

^ ^

0^
0

1569 I6I7 1624 16281640
1640-50

1660

i6go

1706

»> »»

©

® 0 ®

GO f [S

Apostle spoon (St. Jude) : The Author's Collection. The three
fleur-de-lys grouped, are in the bowl ; the three in line, on
back of stem .

Elizabethan seal-top spoon : Mr. J. W. Usher, Lincoln.

Com. cups, dated 1569 and 1570 (maker's mark only visible) :
Osbournby, and ten other parish churches in Lincolnshire.
Seal-top spoon, pricked 1617 : Mr. J. H. Walter, Drayton.

Com. cup and paten, inscribed "Ex Dono Petri Harison Anno
1624 " • St. Audoen's, Dublin.
Seal-top spoon, pricked " lanu. 4, 1628 " : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Do. do., pricked 1640 : Mr. W. Boore.
Puritan spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Small beaker : Mr. A. D. George ; also mug found at Norwich.*
Seal-top spoon : Mr. J. Walter.
Do. do. : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Puritan spoon : Mercers' Company, and S. Kensington Museum.
Do. do. : The Author's Collection.
Trifid spoon, pricked 169° : South Kensington Museum.
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem : Goldsmiths' Company, London.
Do. do., pricked 1690 : Mr. E. W. Colt.

Communion paten, inscribed "Given to the Holy Trinity Church,
Goodramgate, 1706" : Holy Trinity Church, Goodramgate,
York.

See pages 293, 294 and 300 ante.

English

Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.

NAMES OF LINCOLN GOLDSMITHS.

From Medi.t-,val Registers in the possession
OF THE Dean and Ch.apter of Lincoln.
Date.
1155-63. William "Aurifaber." Grantee of Land
from Walter Abbot of St. Oswald of
Bardney : Lib. Cant. No. 178.
1200. Jordan "Aurifaber." Attesting Witness :
Registrum Antiquissimum. No. 819.
1216. Thomas "Aurifaber." Attesting Witness :
Reg. Antiq. No. 790.

1217.

1225.

1250 to
1263.

1254-
1260.
1270. 127.5-1284.1289. 1296.

Alanus "Aurifaber." Owner of Land in
St. Laurence, Lincoln : Sempring-
ham Charter.
Thomas "Aurifaber." Attesting Witness :
Lib. Cant 172.
Magister Radulphus "Aurifaber." Lib.
Cant. 172.
Richard \ .Attesting Witnesses, some-
"Aurifaber" | times alone, sometimes
and I coupled : Lii). Cant. 100,
Michael I 128, 162, 191, 192, 201,
"Aurifaber") 202,203,222.

Ynon "Aurifaber." House of :
Cant.

217 Lib.

Alan "Aurifaber." Witness : Lib. Cant.
178.
Peter "Aurifaber." Grant to Roger Son
of Benedict : Lib, Cant. 191.
Galfridus "Aurifaber.'' Son of Peter son
of Benedict: Lib. Cant. 191.
William "Aurifaber." Attesting Wit
ness : Lib. Cant. 214.
Nicholas de Shirbec (? Skirbeck) "Auri
faber " - Lib. Cant. 184.
Richard (Son of Richard) "Aurifaber."
Grant to Nicholas of Hibaldston :
Lib. Cant. 196.
William Findelove de Ballio (of the
Bail of Lincoln) "Aurifaber." Grant
to Simon le Holm: Lib. Cant. 126.

From Lincoln Municipal Registers.
1567 Nicholas Tooley, Goldsmith, admitted
(19 June). to the Freedom of the City by
purchase.

D.ATE. 1574. Thomas Turpyne, Goldsmith, admitted
to the Freedom of the City by
purchase.
1577-85. John Woodward, Son of John Wood
ward, of Chesterfield, apprenticed to
Thomas Turpyne, Goldsmith, from
the Feast of Nativity 20 Eliz. (1577)
for 8 years. Enrolled.
1592 Robert Stockeld to Nicholas Towley,
(24 July.) Goldsmith. Indre. of Apprenticeship
dated 22nd March, 29 Eliz, (1586)
for 8 years. Enrolled.

From Register of Leases 1612-33.
Lincoln Corporation.
1623 William Watson, Goldsmith, obtained
(14 Aug.) a Lease of meadow land from the
Corporation for 30 years.
1625 John Tooley, Goldsmith, obtained a
(13 Mar.) Lease of 2 Closes of marsh land
from the Corporation.
1G29 William Watson, Goldsmith, obtained
(11 Feb.) a Lease of other land from the
Corporation.

From Book of Freemen, 1706-26.
Lincoln Corporation.
1706 Thomas Colson, Son of Thomas Colson
(24 Sept.) of the City of Lincoln, Goldsmith,
deceased, admitted to the Freedom
of the City by birth (his father
having been a Freeman).
1707. William Colson, Son of Thomas
Colson, of the City of Lincoln,
Goldsmith, deceased, admitted to
the Freedom of the City by birth.
1708. Christopher Colson, Son of Thomas
Colson, of the City of Lincoln,
Goldsmith, deceased, admitted to
the Freedom of the City by birth.

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds. 423
COVENTRY.
Although Coventry was one ofthe seven towns appointed "to have Coventry
appointed to be
divers touches" by the Act of 1423, very little remains that can be fn ^23^.*"'""'"
connected with the guild of goldsmiths which flourished there in the
middle ages. The Corporation at one time possessed a goodly array
of plate, consisting of "bason and ewer, high-standing cup with cover
double guilt, beer boles, wine boles, dishes, salts, tankards and spoons,"
but all that now remains of its former display, are four pewter plates
bearing the Coventry arms.* The history of its plate- workers seems
to have disappeared almost as completely as its plate, we, however,
find that one John Talance, who was mayor of the borough in 1544 and
again in 1562, was a goldsmith, and there is evidence which proves that
goldsmiths' work was executed in the city at various dates in the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In 1597 the name of Wm. Tonks
appears in the city accounts as having been paid 33s. 4d. for gilding
the hilt of the new sword ; in 1607 it is recorded that one Bulling was
paid 20s. for making and engraving the common seal, which is of silver ;
and the name of Richard Blackwell appears in an account of 165 1 for
the "great mase " and "the little mase," amounting to £6\ 14s. 6d.,
and as the maces have no hall-marks they were probably made by the
same Richard Blackwell in Coventry.
The marks T R conjoined, within a ring of pellets, the letter T in a The Coventry
" town -mark."
plain shield, an elephant, and the letter T repeated (illustrated in the
following table) are believed to be Coventry marks. These marks have
been found on Elizabethan seal-top spoons ; the T R, being always in
the bowl, is presumed to be the town-mark, a rebus on the town's
name, thus : — The T and R brought together in the form of a cypher,
or monogram, are literally "convened," (from the Latin con and
venio), or in the older form of English, "covent." Hence we have the
"covent T R," — the letter Y (which of course is understood,) being all
that is required to complete the town-name "Coventry" in every
particular. The additional mark of an elephant struck on the backs
of the stems of these spoons, between the duplicated maker's initials,
seems to have been adopted from the common seal of Coventry, of
which the Corporation possesses five examples of successive dates,
from about a.d. 1300 to 1836, each of which bears the device of an
elephant carrying a triple-towered castle.
¦•' See " Corporation Plate and Insignia." — Jowett and Hope.

424 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.

It has been suggested by one of the South Kensington authorities,
that "these marks are Truro marks; that in the conjoined TR, and a
small letter u which may be construed out of the loop of the R, the
complete name TR"R" is to be found ; that the rose," (which on Mr.
Ellis's spoon takes the place occupied by the initial letter T on the
author's spoon), "is in other examples a rose of five petals; and that such
a rose was used as a mint mark on coins made of metal from the West
of England, struck at the Tower under William III. — perhaps a curious
coincidence connecting the mark with Truro." The fact that there is
no elephant in the Truro Arms "does not," it is said, "affect the
question, because the ' elephant-mark ' on the back of the spoons may
be a maker's mark." I confess my inability to see " TR"R" " in the
covened TR, or to see the connection between a tower mint-mark of
the end of the seventeenth century and a rose-mark on an Elizabethan
spoon. The rose-mark, which may with greater plausibility be associated
with Carlisle, is much more likely than the elephant to be a maker's
mark. The strong argument against Truro is that it never had an
"appointed touch" as Coventry had, and that no goldsmiths are known
to have worked there in the sixteenth century, as they are known to
have worked in Coventry, then, and afterwards down to the present day,
as testified by the records of that city and of the Chester and Birmingham
assay offices, where during the last two centuries much Coventry-
wrought gold and silver has been assayed. Without laying undue stress
on the covened or covent TR, there is the fact that the animal with four legs
and a trunk is much more like the elephant of the Coventry device than
any charge to be found in the arms of Truro or any other English town.
For the reasons stated the marks represented below are submitted as
EXAMPLES OF COVENTRY MARKS.

DATE
(about).

articles and owners.

1560 TO
1600

In bowl of Apostle spoon : The Author's Collection.
Massive seal-top spoon : The Author's Collection ;
also many spoons in other collections.
Seal-top spoons : Mr. H. D. Ellis and others.

The "T" maker's mark, may be that of John Talance or Wm. Tonks.
The spoon marked with a quatrefoil or four-petalled rose is probably by
a different maker.

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.

425

SHREWSBURY.
Shrewsbury, though not one of the towns appointed " to have divers
touches" by the Act of 1423, was a place where gold and silver wares
were wrought in the middle ages. The provisions of the Statute 28 Ed. I.,
c. 20 (1300), repeated in subsequent Acts, requiring that "no manner
of vessel or other work of silver should be set to sale without having the
mark of the leopard's head set upon it," were an aid rather than a
hindrance to the Shrewsbury goldsmiths. The arms of Shrewsbury being
azure, three leopards' heads, or, one of such leopard's heads would be the
mark which the Shrewsbury goldsmiths would naturally, in accordance
with the custom which obtained in the Middle Ages, select as their
own proper town-mark. Many possessors of spoons marked with
an uncrowned leopard's head in the bowl wrongly ascribe them to
London, on the assumption that because an uncrowned leopard's head
had been found on what appeared to be a London-made spoon of a date
anterior to 1478, all plate so marked is therefore London-made plate of a
date earlier than the year in which the date-letter was first adopted. The
author, in drawing attention for the first time to this particular mark,
in a paper on "The Spoon and its History," read at a meeting of the
Society of Antiquaries in the year 1890, and published in Vol. LIII. of
"Archaeologia," never intended to suggest that all marks in any way
resembling the one referred to should be assumed to be mediaeval London
marks. It is much more likely that the greater number of such marks
were struck in Shrewsbury in the sixteenth century than that they were
struck in London before 1478.
The author believes that the marks represented below are Shrews
bury marks of about the dates which are set against them, and he is
supported in this belief by other antiquaries who have given considera
tion to the subject.
EXAMPLES OF SHREWSBURY MARKS.
(the dates ARE, OF COURSE, APPROXIMATE.)

The Shrewsbury
" town-mark"
a leopard's head.

Date.

Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1530 1560 11

Maidenhead spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Apostle spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter, Drayton, Norfolk.
Communion cups at Tugby and Saxton, Leicestershire.

426 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
The following names of goldsmiths found in the Shrewsbury Records
of the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries show a goodly
succession, and indicate that the craft or "mysterie" of goldsmiths
flourished there before the Act of 1696 deprived them, in common with
all other English provincial goldsmiths, of the right of marking their wares.
In the " Dublin Roll of Names " of the latter part of the twelfth
century one "WiUielmus 'Aurifaber' de Srobesburi" is mentioned, which
appears to indicate that the art of the goldsmith was practised in
Shrewsbury at a period more than two centuries earlier than the date
with which the following list commences.

NAMES OF SHREWSBURY GOLDSMITHS.
From 1465 to 1695, compiled by Mr. R. C. Hope, F.S.A., from Shrewsbury Records.

Earliest

Latest

Earliest
Latest
Name of
Goldsmith.
Date
Found.
Free.
Date or
Death.
Name
OF Goldsmith.
Date
Found.
Free.
Date or
Death.
Thomas
Stalbrook
1465
Edward
Mind
1568
Thomas
Syward
John
King
1581
1581
Thomas
Engylfelde
14—
1470
Gregory
Fryer
1590
John
Massy
1476
Thomas
Fryer
1605
Richard
Phillips
1480
1510
Isaac
Fewe
1600
1617
Robert
Hyckoks
1482
1482
John
Whitakers
1658
c. 1667
Ellice
Decka
,,
1504
)>
Thomas
Jenks
1661
1676
Gregory
Fewe
1500
James
Kinsey
>»
William
Dodilwick
1503
Thomas
Whitakers
1662
1674
Llewelyn
Ap John
1510
1510
Henry
Jenks
1668
Robert
Heyffyle
,,
Thomas
Gittins
1667
1673
1695
Nicholas
Phillips
,,
Daniel
Pugh
1672
Roger
Phillips
I510
1518
<:¦ 1547
Charles
Wood
1676
1676
Matthew
Dillory
1544
Henry
Vaughan
1677
1678
William
Phillips
1548
Thomas
Sandford
1687
d. 1741
George
Burton
1568
1568
Thomas
Gittins
1695
1695
English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds, 427
SANDWICH.
The town-mark of the goldsmiths of Sandwich — one of the Cinque
Ports — was a lion passant and a ship's hull both dimidiated and con
joined. The device was taken from the arms of the Cinque Ports,
which are composed of the -three lions of England dimidiated with the
hulls of three ships, as found in the Mayor's seal which is here illustrated.

SEAL OF THE MAYOR OF SANDWICH.

On the only known example of Sandwich plate the town-mark is
found between two other marks — an apple slipped, and a serrated leaf,
also slipped, as illustrated below :

gesss

These marks occur on a communion cup shaped hke a miniature baptismal
font, at St. Mary's, Sandwich. The date of the cup is about the end
of the fifteenth or early part of the sixteenth century ; Sir Samuel
Montagu, Bart., owns one of similar form with London Hall-marks for
1 500-1 ; another is used as a communion cup at Wymeswold in Leicester
shire. Each of these cups has an inscription in plain Lombardic lettering
round the vertical side of the bowl, that of Sandwich being " THIS IS
THE COMMVNION COVP." Neither the Sandwich nor the Wymeswold
cup was originally an ecclesiastical vessel ; both were probably given
to the respective churches some time after the Reformation, perhaps in
the reign of Edward VL, and the above words then engraved. Before
1547 such a cup would not have been called a communion cup. The
name of Christoper or Coper Johnson, of Sandwich, Goldsmyth,
appears in the State Papers of Henry VIIL, and it is possible that he
may have been the maker of this cup, but no evidence that such is the
fact is forthcoming.

428 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.

LEICESTER.
There were goldsmiths working in Leicester in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries as proved by the following entries extracted from
the Books of the Leicester Corporation :
" 1541. — Item paid to Thomas Goldsmith ffor mending of
the Town Waytes collars  Iiij"- iiij'*-
1576-7. — ^Item paid to Dod the Goldsmith for xv""" ounces
of silver for the Waytes collars & for mendinge
or making of them new ... ... ... ... vli=- x""-
1593-4. — Item p'' to John Woodward goldsmythe for
mendinge & gyldinge of the olde mace ... xiij^- iiij"*-
Item p** to hym for makinge & gyldinge of Twoe
of the lesser maces ... ... ... ... ... xvj^-
Item p'^ to hym for iij ounces & a halfe of
old sylver for making the said two maces
stronger ... ... ... ... ... ... xv^-
Item p" to hym for flyers (scrolls) for the said ij
maces w* were wantinge ... ... ... ... iij'- vj""-
1601. — Item p*" to the Goldsmiths for mending the
Wayts coUors or Chaynes & the olde Town
Mace ... ... ... ... ... ... xiij'- iiij''-"
One Robert, a goldsmith, is also found mentioned in 1554.
The name of John Turvile, written also Turvill and Turville, a
Leicester goldsmith, appears in the accounts of the Leicester Corporation
in 1647-8, 1650 and 1659-60, with reference to the making of a new mace,
altering others and making seals.
The Leicester goldsmiths, although capable of executing work of an
unimportant character, do not appear to have been equal to re-making the
large Corporation mace for which the order was given to Mr. John
Turvile in 1650. Turvile entrusted the work to Thomas Maundy, ofthe
Grasshopper, in Foster Lane, London, who had made the Parliament
mace a short time before that. The Corporation accounts with reference
to this matter are as follows : —
" 1649-50. — Item paid to John Turvile ffor the newe Mace
wayhinge87.o ounces and I2dwt., besides
screws and pins and staffe att a iis. p. oz.,
more than were made of the old mace
as apps. by bill   xxxiij. xvij. vj.
Item paid to John Turvile for carriage of
the Mace and his charge to London and
paines and care taken about the making
of the Newe Mace by order of the com
missioners ... ... ... ... ,,, iij. vj. viij."

The Goldsmiths of Leicester. 429
The sum of ,^33 17s. 6d. being what Turvile paid Maundy, and the
other amount — ^3 6s. 8d. — Turvile appears to have received for his
own services.
In 1660, Turvile was paid a further sum of ^^^45 for four small
new maces, and for "making the great mace new and guilding it all
over with gold, with a globe and crosse and ye King's Arms on it," (con
sequent upon the restoration of Charles II. in that year), " _;^4i being paid
by him to the London goldsmith, and £^ for his own pains ; he having
been a month away from home on the matter."
The plate actually made by the Leicester goldsmiths appears to have
been limited to spoons and cups of the plainer sort, many of which have
been found in different parts of the county.
On the subject of " Spoons," the following occurs in the Hall-book of
Leicester relating to the "Merchant-Gild," under date 1 599-1600 : —
"Will'" Heyricke, late of London, Goldsmythe, now of Bewmanor, in
the Countie of Leic. esquier, and one of the sonnes of Mr. John
Heyricke, Ironmonger, decessed, made free, for the w"'' he dothe give to
the Town in Kyndenes one dozen of sylver spoones w* the sincke-
fyle upon the knobbes thereof."
The following occurs in the accounts of 1650-1 : — "Item paid John
Turvile for exchanging the old silver spoones and for six new spoones &
for engraving them iiij// \xd."
The " sinckefyle " mentioned above, is the cinquefoil borne on the
coat of arms of the Borough of Leicester, which has appeared in the
seal of the borough for several centuries. With reference to one of these
seals, the following entry occurs in the borough accounts for 1593-4: —
"Item p"* for a sinckefoyle of sylver to scale capyacs* w* all  iiijs."
The cinquefoil is as represented below, in which form it appears in a
circular brass badge preserved in the Leicester Museum.

SCALE \ LINEAR.
The cinquefoil is in the centre of the badge, and is surrounded with
a ring bearing the inscription : —
"EDMVND SVTTON MAIOR OF LEICESTER ANNO 1676."
' " Cap5'acs " is probably a corruption of capias, a writ.

430 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
A cinquefoil of similar form occurs on a waits' badge of 1695-6, with
the legend " BVRGVS LEICESTRVE."
A cinquefoil after the form of the above badge, more or less modified
at different times, was used by Leicester goldsmiths as their town mark
in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as appears below; the dates
mentioned are approximate : —

EXAMPLES OF LEICESTER MARKS.

Date.

15401590 1600

1575 to
i5oo1630

Marks.

^

Articles and Owners.

Spoon, with " Dyamond " point at end of stem : Mr. E. W. Colt.
Maidenhead spoon : iMr. J. H. Walter.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Do. do. : Do. do.
Communion cups : Thurnby, Welham, and 15 other Churches in
Leicestershire.
Seal- top spoon, pricked 1631 : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Do. do. : Messrs. Christie.

The following short list contains the names of all the Leicester
goldsmiths of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries which the author
has been able to trace.

NAMES OF LEICESTER GOLDSMITHS.
FROM I54I TO 1695.

Name of Goldsmith.

Thomas " Goldsmith ' .
Robert " Goldsmith " .
Robert Dodd...

Mentioned.

154I15541576

Name of Goldsmith.

John Woodward
John Turville
John Lee

15931638-601695

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds. 431
CARLISLE.
The late Mr. R. S. Ferguson, F.S.A., who was Chancellor of the
Diocese of Carlisle, discovered in or about the year 1880 a number of
communion cups in Cumberland and Westmoreland churches which,
from the similarity of their workmanship, were attributed to the same
hand, and, from the rudeness of the work, to some local silversmith.
Some of these cups bear the marks illustrated in the first line of the
table, and are believed to be of about the date "1571," which is inscribed
on the cover of one of the cups.
The marks on these cups are, as will be observed : (i) the maker's
mark, composed of the two letters ED in monogram in a circular stamp —
believed to be the mark of Edward Dalton; (2) a four petalled rose — also
in a circular stamp ; and (3) the second mark repeated. The arms of
Carlisle are : or, a cross pattee between four roses, gules, charged with
a similar rose of the field. A single rose, doubtless taken from the ancient
arms of the city, has long been used by the Corporation of Carhsle as a
stamp for weights and measures, and would in all probability have been
used for authenticating the standard of wrought silver.
That there were goldsmiths and silversmiths in Carlisle in the
sixteenth century is proved by the fact that the full title of the Smiths'
Guild is " The Ancient ffraternite of Blacksmiths, Whitesmiths, Gold
smiths and Silversmiths " whose rules appear in a revise made in the
year 1562. This guild of associated hammermen continued in existence
in Carlisle for two centuries after the time of Queen Elizabeth, and
apprentices who were bound to members of the guild continued, down to
the year 1728, to be taught — in pursuance of a covenant in their indentures
— the " trade, faculty, mistery, and occupation of a blacksmith, white
smith and goldsmith." After 1644, however, very little goldsmiths'
work appears to have been executed in Carlisle. In 1660 the city maces
had to be sent to Newcastle to be repaired, and it appears clear that
before the end of the seventeenth century the art of the manufacturing
goldsmith at Carlisle had become extinct.
That the rose was a Carlisle mark was strongly believed by
Mr. Ferguson. His belief is supported by the fact that a similar
rude rose is found struck on the siege pieces which were minted in
Carlisle, and since the 27th of June, 1883, when Mr. Ferguson drew
attention to these marks in a paper read at a meeting of the Cumberland
Archaeological Society at Kirkby Lonsdale, they have been accepted by
ntiquaries as Carlisle marks.

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds,

EXAMPLES OF CARLISLE MARKS.
(the DATES ARE APPROXIMATE.)

Date.

JMarks.

1571

1630

1670

16S0

® © ©

@

Articles and Owners.

Communion cups : Bolton, Ireby and Lazonby, Cumb., and Cliburn,
and Long Marton, Westmor.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Spoon, slipped in the stalk : Mr. W. Boore.
Do. flat stem, foliated end : Goldsmiths' Companj', London.
" Clobbered" tankard : Holburne Museum.

GATESHEAD.
The mark of a goat's head erased in a circular stamp, accompanied
by a maker's mark "A F " with an annulet between the letters, both
stamps repeated as illustrated below, are the marks of a Gateshead
goldsmith, found on a tankard, and christening mug, of about 1680,
belonging to Sir Robert Mowbray, Bart. The tankard has engraved on
it, the arms of a Northumbrian lady named Reed, who was married to
one of Sir Robert's ancestors in 1738, and brought an estate in the
county together with the tankard and mug into the Mowbray family. A
goat was called a "gate" by Spenser, and in the North of England as
late as the time when the Mowbray tankard and mug were made, the
term "gates head" would be equally apphcable to the head of a goat
and the name of the town. Hence the representation of a goat's head is
found on the seventeenth centurj^ token of a Gateshead tradesman named
John Bedford,* and carved on a chair of the year 1666 in the Gateshead
Parish Church. A goat's head is also represented on a torse over a
castellated gateway on the seal of the borough.
EXAMPLE OF GATESHEAD MARKS.

f. 1686

^ Q m Q

On a tankard and a mug inscribed " Ex dono XXX.'
Sir Robert Mowbray, Bart.

The author has not discovered the name of the goldsmith who bore
the initials "AF" or the name of any other early Gateshead goldsmith.
* Boyne — Tokens of the Seventeenth Century — says that "John Bedford was one of the twentyfour
of Gateshead in 1658."

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.

433

LEEDS.

The mark of the golden fleece found on communion cups at Almond
bury and Darrington, and on other plate in Yorkshire, is ascribed to
Leeds, not because the plate on which the mark is stamped is found in
that neighbourhood, but for the reason that the badge of the golden
fleece appears on the seal of the borough, dated 1626, as well as on one of
an earlier date. It appears also in the town arms: — azure, the golden fleece,
on a chief sable, three mullets, argent. As before observed it was the common
practice amongst provincial goldsmiths, long before the Act of 1700, to
adopt the arms of their town, or one of its charges, as their town-mark.
The author has not been able to obtain the name of any Leeds goldsmith
of the seventeenth century other than that of Arthur Mangey who,
according to Mr. St. John Hope, made the town-mace in 1694, and was
hanged at York in 1696 for clipping and forging the current coin of
the realm. The names of the goldsmiths whose marks appear below
are therefore not suggested. The plate on which the marks are stamped,
in each case, appears to belong to the seventeenth century, although one
ofthe patens is dated as late as 1702.
EXAMPLES OF LEEDS MARKS.

DATE.

Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1,650 TO
1702

Communion cup : Almondbury, Yorks, and other York
shire plate.
j- Communion cup : Darrington, Yorks.
< Paten, dated 1702 : Harwood, Yorks ; and other York-
( shire plate.

KING'S LYNN.
The arms of King's Lynn are : — azure, three dragons' heads erect, each
pierced with a cross crosslet, or; in allusion to St. Margaret, whose
figure — standing on a dragon and holding in her right hand a long cross
with which she is piercing the dragon in the mouth — is borne on the
town-seal, which is believed to date from the year 1300. The town-
mark of the goldsmiths of King's Lynn was a stamp containing the arms
as above described in a plain shield. In the mark here represented,
the charges appear more like the heads of congers than of dragons.

434 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds,
but in so small a mark (which is reproduced in fac-simile both in regard
to size and detail) one would not expect to find the teeth and other
features of a dragon's head portrayed with minute exactness. The
maker's mark on both articles mentioned below has been struck deeply
on the sinister side, but on the dexter side it is quite shallow and worn ;
the first letter, however, seems to be E, the second is certainly W.
The name of the goldsmith, whose mark it is, is not known. The
objects on which the mark occurs appear to be of the first half of the
seventeenth century. EXAMPLES OF KING'S LYNN MARKS.

Date.

Marks.

Articles and Owners.

c. 1640

® i

r Communion paten : St. Nicholas Chapel, King's Lynn;
< and communion cup, of slender shape, on baluster
(. stem : St. Etheldreda's, Southgate, Norwich.

TAUNTON.
The mark T and a tun (T on tun) too obviously stands for Taunton
to require any argument to support it. Even in the absence of any evi
dence directly proving that rebus to be the town-mark of the Taunton
goldsmiths, it may well be accepted as such, in view of the facts that
there is a paten dated 1676 so marked at Wooton Courtney Church
in Somersetshire, (within an easy distance of the county town,) that
spoons with this mark have been found in other parts of Somersetshire
with inscribed dates ranging from 1670 to 1690, and that Somersetshire
antiquarians are agreed in ascribing this mark to Taunton.
The author has found this mark with the initials of two distinct
makers, viz., T.D. and S.R., but has not discovered the names of the
goldsmiths to whom they pertain. The marks illustrated in the first
three lines on the following page occur on apostle spoons, bearing every
appearance of having been wrought between the years 1640 and 1650.
The other marks have been found on spoons and a paten ranging in
date from about 1660 to 1682. The marks are illustrated in fac-simile
in the table, the dates given being, of course, approximate.

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds. 435

EXAMPLES OF TAUNTON MARKS.

Date.

Marks.

Articles and Owners.

164.S

1660
1676-82

§^ O §>

Apostle spoons : Mr. E. W. Colt and Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Do. do. : Mr. Crichton.
Do. do. • Mr. S. Phillips.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. A. Trapnell.
f Paten, dated 1676 : Wooton Courtney, Somerset.
I Spoon, flat stem, foliated end, pricked " 1682 " : South Kensington Museum.

BARNSTAPLE.
The difficulty of locating uncommon provincial marks which fre
quently confronts the collector is not experienced in the case of the
marks of John Peard, of Barnstaple, for not only does the ancient name
of the town appear in conspicuous letters with a castle and the maker's
initials on the central mark, but the initials LP. are represented on a
separate stamp struck on either side of it. The marks represented in
fac-simile below occur on a spoon with flat stem foliated at the end and
an embossed ornament on the back of the bowl The spoon is of the
type found from about 1670 to 1690, but this one cannot be later than
1680, as John Peard, goldsmith, of Barnstaple, who made it, was buried
there on November 15th of that year.

BARNSTAPLE MARKS.

Marks of John Peard, of
Barnstaple, 1670-80.

83 !l ®

Spoon with flat stem : From the Temple-
Frere Collection.

These marks appear in " Old EngHsh Plate," but are there not quite
accurately represented, either in drawing, or in size which is dispropor
tionately large.

436 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
PLYMOUTH.
Of the work of the goldsmiths of Plymouth nothing has been found
of earlier date than about the end of the seventeenth century. The
marks of one Rowe of Plymouth occur on the "Eddystone Lighthouse"
salt, and a tankard, of about 1699, and are illustrated below. The
standing salt — probably one of the last made of the old form of upright
salts — is a miniature reproduction in silver of Winstanley's lighthouse,
which was built on the Eddystone rock in 1698, considerably altered
in the following year, and completely destroyed in the storm of
November 1703. The marks on the salt, which have been reproduced
with the greatest possible care so as to ensure accuracy, and represented
below in fac simile, are "Rowe Plm° BritAN," and not Plin° as stated in
"Old English Plate." The salt cannot well be earlier than 1698, the date
of the building of the lighthouse, nor later than the date of the re-estab
lishment in 1 70 1 of the Exeter assay office, or it would have been assayed
and marked there, in common with the work of R. Wilcocks, P. Symonds,
and Tolcher, of Plymouth. These marks may therefore be safely ascribed
to 1 698- 1 700. The second group occurs on a tankard with flat cover
which, although by the same maker, bears marks of a different form;
the name "Rowe" has the e carried to the top of "Row," " Plm°" is
changed to " Ply°," and instead ot "Britan" the stamp "New" appears.
Both examples must have been wrought about the same time, and
from the fact, that in the case of the tankard marks, the standard is
described as New Standard (New St), while in the lighthouse stamps the
standard is described by the technical term "Britan" (for "Britannia,")
it may be suggested that the tankard marks are the earlier and were
struck in 1697, immediately after the introduction of the new standard,
before it became technically known as the Britannia standard. Both
of these marks indicate the higher standard of 11 oz. 10 dwts. fine.
EXAMPLES OF PLYMOUTH MARKS.

Date.

Marks.

Articles and Owners.

1698 to
1700

osss

The " Eddystone Lighthouse " salt belonging to Miss
Rous, of Cwrt-yr-Ala, Glam.
Flat-top tankard : Mr. Crichton.

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds. 437
BRISTOL.
Although Bristol ("Bristow") was mentioned in the Act of 1423 as
one of the towns appointed "to have divers touches," the author has
been unable to glean any information concerning either its mediseval
goldsmiths or their touch. It seems very extraordinary that a city of
such wealth and importance, with a mint established within its walls
from very early times, should have been without a guild of goldsmiths,
while in other towns of much less importance the mystery or craft of
the goldsmith not only existed but flourished. Further, it appears
remarkable that Bristol should again be mentioned nearly three cen
turies later — in the Act of 170? — as one of the towns appointed to
have assay offices, and that no trace of either an assay office or guild of
goldsmiths should be found. It is to be hoped that some local antiquary
may be sufficiently interested in the subject and sufficiently industrious
to make a thorough search of the city archives for some reference to
the subject, All that is at present known is that Mr. R. C. Hope, F.S.A.,
discovered in 1880 in the Temple Church, Bristol, a perforated silver
straining spoon bearing the following marks: (i) R G; (2) the letter
A in a pointed shield ; (3) a lion passant guardant ; (4) a leopard's
head crowned ; and (5) an oblong punch-mark bearing the arms of the
city of Bristol — a ship issuing from, a castle. This discovery Mr. Hope
communicated to the late Mr. Cripps, who dismissed the matter with the
remark that " it seems almost certain that Bristol never exercised the
power of assaying plate. There are some anomalous marks on a spoon
at the Temple Church, Bristol, which might be taken for Bristol hall
marks, but the civic archives do not record the establishment of any
goldsmiths' company nor the swearing in of any assay-master before the
mayor, as prescribed by the Act."
About twelve years after Mr. R. C. Hope's discovery of the Bristol
spoon, a Bond Street dealer submitted to Mr. W. H. St. John Hope, M.A.
(Sec. Soc, Antiq.) and to the author, for their respective opinions, a milk
jug, bearing four marks, the ist, 3rd, 4th and 5th being exactly like those
on the above mentioned spoon, but having instead of the letter A — the
second mark on the spoon — a capital-letter B in a pointed shield similar
to that enclosing the A on the spoon.
The author has made numerous inquiries with the object of ascertain
ing the possibility of some origin other than Bristol for these marks. It

438 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
was suggested that Cork may have been the place, but a ship is never
seen issuing from behind a castle in any Cork mark, and no variable
alphabetical marks were ever used there. In the possession of Mr. R.
Day, F.S.A., are an old buckle, badge and medal, dated 1814, pertaining
to the Bristol mihtia, with a ship and castle almost identical in drawing
with the ship and castle mark on the spoon. Can it be doubted in view
of the fact that the spoon so marked was found with the communion
plate of the Temple Church, Bristol, where it was believed to have been
for generations, that the marks are Bristol marks, and that the letters A
and B respectively are date-letters ? The form of the spoon — Hanoverian
pattern, with a ridge along the centre of stem in front and a double drop
at back of bowl — indicates its date to be about 1730, and the tall bulbous
shape of the plain milk jug shows that to be of about the same date. In
the face of such evidence as that above mentioned it does not seem likely
that " Bristol never exercised the power of assaying plate " when it
appears almost unquestionably to have marked it.
EXAMPLES OF BRISTOL MARKS.

Date

Marks.

Articles and Owners.

c. 1730
c. 1731

" Q3 " " "

Straining spoon : Temple Church, Bristol.
Milk jug : Mr. Crichton.

DORSETSHIRE.
Dorsetshire is particularly rich in the work of its local goldsmiths,
about fifty examples of Elizabethan and Jacobean work, proved by their
marks to have been of local origin, having been found within and closely
adjacent to the county.

DORCHESTER.
The three following marks are those of Lawrence Stratford,
a Dorchester goldsmith, mentioned in the Dorchester Corporation and
other local records from 1579 to 1593. His marks are a monogram
formed of the raised letters L.S. within a ring of small pellets, a small
rudely-formed incuse mullet of six points on one side, and a small saltire

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.

439

cross, also incuse, on the other. These marks were found by the late
Mr. J. E. Nightingale, F.S.A., on communion plate (dated from 1573 to
1578) in more than thirty parish churches in Dorset, Wilts and Somerset.

DORCHESTER MARKS.

Mark of Lawrence Stratford,
of Dorchester.

¥: ^^ ^

rCommunion cup and paten cover (dated
) 1574) : West Purley ; and (dated 1575) :
^ Bothenhampton ; and communion plate
'^ in many other Dorset churches.

Other Dorchester goldsmiths whose names have been found are
John. Stratforde, mentioned in the time of Henry VIIL, and one Radcliffe,
who was fined by the London Goldsmiths' Company in 1617.
SHERBORNE.
The first of the three following marks has been found on about a
score of examples of church plate in the county of Dorset and bordering
parishes in Somersetshire. Many of such examples are dated, the dates
being 1572, 1573, 1574, 1582 and 1607. The marks are all believed to
be those of Richard Orenge, a Sherborne goldsmith of the Elizabethan
period.

Mark of ¦

Marks of Richard Orenge.

Communion cup and paten cover (dated 1574) ; Gillingham,
and much other church-plate in Dorset ; also on an apostle
spoon (St. Matthew) in the Author's collection.
Communion cup of 1603 : Charlton-Horethorne,
Sherborne.

In connection with these marks, the late Mr. Cripps observed
in "Old English Plate"* that "it was the example of 1603 at Charlton-
Horethorne, Som., which led to the identification of the mark" (referring
to that composed of a central pellet surrounded by five other pellets
which are again surrounded by a ring of similar pellets, as illustrated
above, and which had been found on communion cups at Gillingham,
and other churches in Dorset, by Mr. Nightingale) " as that of Richard
Orenge." The marks on the Charlton-Horthorne cup are not illustrated
in "Old English Plate " and are now for the first time shown \n fac-simile.
The author is, therefore, unable to understand how the mark composed

¦•¦ 6th Ed., p. log.

440 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
of pellets could have been identified by means of the marks on
the Charlton-Horethorne cup, which are — there can be very little doubt
— the marks of Richard Orenge, of Sherborne, goldsmith, who was church
warden at Charlton in 1585 and 1596, and whose will was proved in
1606. The letters R.O. are obviously his initials, and the mark at the
side of the initials may be intended for an orange, but in the mark
composed of pellets no connection with the identified mark appears.
Still, the pelleted mark may be, and probably is, a mark of Richard
Orenge, but there is scarcely sufficient evidence to establish it as a fact.

POOLE.
Three escallops in chief occur in the arms of the Borough of Poole.
The mark illustrated below, which is found struck in the bowl, and
sometimes thrice on the back of the stems of rather rudely-made apostle
and seal-top spoons of the early part of the seventeenth century, is
probably the mark of a Poole goldsmith.

Date.

Marks.

Articles and Owners.

c. 1620

®

r Apostle spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.
< Do. do. Holburne Museum, Bath.
( Do. do., and seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie and others.

SALISBURY.
Although Salisbury was mentioned in the Act of 1423 as one of the
towns appointed to have a "touch" of its own, no plate-marks have been
found which can with any certainty be ascribed to it. A number of
marks, reproduced from plate in various parts of Wilts, are included in
the following list of "unascribed marks," some of which may possibly be
the marks of Salisbury goldsmiths, but no evidence has as yet been
found to prove it. No goldsmiths' names have been discovered in
connection with any plate wrought in the city, and no evidence that a
guild of goldsmiths was ever established there is obtainable. Sir R. C.
Hoare — Hist, of New Sarum — says that, in 1665, the great mace of the
city was repaired by Mr. Thornborough, goldsmith, of Salisbury, at a
cost of £2> I OS. ; this is all the information concerning Salisbury gold
smiths which the author has been able to glean.

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
UNASCRIBED MARKS.

441

The following marks have been found on old EngUsh plate un
accompanied by any known town-mark. It is therefore impossible,
except in a few instances, to assign them respectively to particular
places. The plate, however, on which the marks have been found
appears unmistakably English in character, and the period of its
manufacture is indicated by its style. The date to which each object
has been approximately assigned has been set against its mark. It
must, however, be understood that the dates so assigned are merely
approximate, and a possible variation of a quarter of a century either
way should in some cases be allowed.

Date
(ABOUTJ.

Marks.

-Articles and Owners.

I5IO

-1-

Pre-Reformation chalice and paten : The Author's
Collection ; S. Kensington Mus. Loan Exhibit.

1520

S

Spoon (lion sejant top) : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

1530

©

Pre-Reformation paten ; Buckhorn Weston Church,
Dorset.

1560

fi] @

Elizabethan communion cup : Snave Church, Kent.

1570

m

Mounts of stone-ware jug : S. Kensington Museum.

1570-7

©

Elizabethan communion cups, dated 1570-6-7 : Crick
lade, and Somerford-Keynes, Wilts.

"

MOO

Elizabethan communion cups, dated 1571 ; Nether
compton and Upcerne, Dorset.
Elizabethan communion cups : Goadby, Leicestershire.

"

N0G

Do. do. do. : Walton-le-Wolds, do.

"

II

Do. do. do. : Dadlington 1573,
Sutton Chaney 1575, and Swepston 1577.

1580

0 I3P © jig

Seal-top spoon : Holburne Museum, Bath.

¦•

^ 0 ^

Apostle spoon (St. Mathias) : Mr. F. W. Kell.

^ cp GzasB

Elizabethan communion cup : Halvvell, Devon.
Maidenhead spoon ; per Mr. H. D. Ellis.

Q Q] \t^iiA!i

"

m

Silver gilt tazza : The Author's Collection.

442 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
UNASCRIBED UkRYLS— Continued,

Date
(about).

1590

i6qo

1610

1620

1630

Marks.

® {3

OB

E3

Articles and Owners.

Spoon (lion-sejant top) : Mr. J. H. Walter, Drayton, Norfolk.
Elizabethan communion cup : Long Sutton.
Spoon (lion-sejant top) : The Author's Collection.
Do. do. : Mr. W. Boore.
Mount of stoneware jug : The Author's Collection. This mark
is found on London-made cups of 1589 and 1590.
/Spoon (lion-sejant top) : Mr. E. W. Colt.
I Apostle spoon (St. Peter) : The Author's Collection.
Seal-top spoon : Holburne Museum, Bath.
Do. do. : Messrs. Christie. This mark within a ring of pellets
occurs on a seal- top spoon in the collection of Mr. J. H. Walter.
Maidenhead spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Apostle spoon : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Apostle spoon : Mr. E. W. Colt.
Seal-top spoon : Holburne Museum.
Do. do. : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Do. do. The Author's Collection.
Do. do. : Mr. E. W. Colt.
Do. do. • Mr. S. Phillips.
Spoon with cherub's head : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Seal-top spoon : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Do. do. : Mr. W. Boore.
Do. do. : British Museum.
Do. do. : Mr. F. W. Kell, and Mr. A. Trapnell.
Large apostle spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
UNASCRIBED MhRKS— Continued.

44;

Date
(about).

1630

1630-5

16371640

Marks.

O

®

•"aa?

^

^

^

(33

@

Articles and Owners.

Spoon, slijjped in the stalk : Mr. W. Boore.
Communion cup : St. Martin-cum-Gregory, York.
Seal-top spoon ; Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Do. do. : Do. do.
Do. do. • British Museum.
Do. do. Messrs. Christie.
Apostle spoon : Holburne Museum, Bath.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. Crichton. (LP. in bowl, R over W
on stem.)
Apostle spoon : South Kensington Museum.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. Samuel Deane.
Do. do. : Mr. W. Boore.
Apostle Spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Do. do. : Mr. G. Lambert.
Circular stand for china bowl : Mr. Ball.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Crichton.
Communion cup : Oulton, and other Church plate in the
County of Suffolk.
Paten, dated 1637 : East Knoyle, near Salisbury.
Spoon, with hoof at end of stem : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Apostle spoon : Holburne Museum, Bath.

do. :

Do.

do.

do.

do. :

, Do.

do.

do.

do. :

Do.

do.

do.

do.

Do.

do.

do.

Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Crichton.

(Possibly R. Williamson, of York). Apostle spoon : Mr. H.
D. Ellis.

444 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
UNASCRIBED U.kRKS— Continued.

Date
(about).

1640

1640-8 1650

i65o

Marks.

#

{Si

(^

iSi

1670

m

1674

@ ^

"

^®

1677

^

1680

m

J)

® m

"

a 0

Articles and Owners.

I

Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Crichton.
Do. do. : Holburne Museum, Bath.
Do. do. . Mr. Crichton.
Apostle spoon : Holburne Museum, Bath.
Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Christie.
Seal-top spoon, dated 1648 : Mr. E. W. Colt.
Gold communion cup : Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace.
Seal-top spoons : S. Kensington Museum, Mr. J. H. Walter,
Mr. H. D. Ellis, and the Author's Collection.
Seal-top spoons, pricked 1652 : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Seal-top spoons : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Do. do. : Mr. W. Boore.
Communion cup : Mugginton, Derbyshire.
Do. flagon : Do. do.
Communion cup : West Walton, Norfolk.
Seal-top spoons : Holburne Museum ; and communion paten :
Bishop's Knoyle, Wilts.
Cylindrical tankard, flat top : Mr. Munsey.
Communion cup : St. Sidwell's, Exeter.
Communion paten : Crathorne, Yorks.
Small box : The Author's Collection.
¦¦¦¦Spoon, flat stem : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Porringer, dated 1674 : Mr. W. H. Fowler, Andover.
Two com. cups and patens, dated 1677: East Knoyle, Dorset.
Two communion patens, on feet : Tisbury, Wilts.

Communion paten, inscribed " Ex dono M B 1681 " : Kingston
Deverill, Wilts.
(Both marks repeated), tankard, flat top : The Earl of Wilton.

Marks of Wm. Ramsay, of Newcastle, without the " Town -mark.'' (See Newcastle, Table I.)

English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds. 445
UNASCRIBED UkRY^— Continued.

Date
(about).

1680

I680-S

I69I
1690-5

Marks.

^ *

DQ

Articles and Owners.

Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

Spoon, flat stem : Goldsmiths' Company, London.

Do.

do. trifid end : Mr. F. W. Kell.

@ ^ © ©

5?
6

I®

(Two coronets, counter-ranged, conjoined in base) — Spoon,
flat stem, trifid end : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Messrs. Christie.
Do. do. do. do. .Mr. F. W. Kell.
Surgeon's lancet case : Messrs. Crichton.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. .\. D. George.
do. Do. do.
do. : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
do. Mr A. D. George.
do., pricked 1683 : Mr. J. H. Walter.
do., pricked 1684: Do. do.
Com. cup and flagon, dated 1691 : Todwick, near Sheflield.
Infant's pap bowl : Mr. J. L. Propert.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end, embossed bowl: Mr. Crichton.
Do. do. do. Mr. W. Boore.
Communion paten : St. Mary-le-Bow.
Chocolate pot : Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, trifid end ; Dunn-Gardner Collection.
Do. do. do. : Do. do. do.

Do.

do

Do.

do

Do.

do

Do.

do

Do.

do

®Do.
Do.

do.do.

do. do.

• Messrs. Christie.
: Mr. Crichton.

Possibly Nathaniel Bullen. See Table I. Chester.

446 English Provincial Goldsmiths of the Minor Guilds.
UNASCRIBED MhRKS— Continued.

Date
(about).

1690-5

1695-9

1700-5

1706-9

1720-30

1725-30

1730-40

Marks.

WSJ

^ I

5§J filD ^

CB i§ Gsa

GQ 8 Y
Si S) @i

Articles and Owners.

Oval box with arms of Brooke : South Kensington Museum.
Cover of communion cup, inscribed, " This chalice bought att ye
charge of ye parish of Warter 1695 " : Warter, Yorks.
Spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Messrs. Crichton.

Spoon, flat stem, foliated end, embossed ornamentation, dated 1699 :
Mr. J. H. Walter.
Spirally fluted mug, riband handle : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Plain tankard : Mr. S. Phillips.
Toy cups and porringers : Messrs. Crichton.
Embossed spoon, flat stem, trifid end : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem, wavy end : Mr. Crichton.

Com. flagon, " given 1700" " Corsby, Wilts; and paten, inscribed
"Mary Curtis, widow, 1704": Kingston-Deverill, Wilts.
Set of com. plate, dated 1706 ; Bruton, Somerset. Paten, dated
1707 : Poulshot, Wilts ; and other church plate in Wilts and
Somerset.
Three-pronged table forks, flat stems, wavy ends : Mr. Crichton.

-•' Punch ladle: Mr. Lowe, Chester.
Table spoon : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.
Globular tea-pot : Mr. W. Boore.
Table-spoon : Goldsmiths' Company, Chester.
jMarrow scoop : Mr. Arthur Irwin Dasent.
Tiny three-pronged fork : Mr. Crichton.

From a wax impression, taken by Mr. Jas. Lowe, B.A., Assay
Master, Chester.
Table spoon, double drop : Goldsmiths' Company, Chester.

Globular tea-pot : Mr. W. Ball.

* This mark resembles that of Louis Laroche ent. London 1725.
f Probably a mark of Thomas Maddock, of Chester (1717-61).

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks. 447

CHAPTER XIX.
THE SCOTTISH GOLDSMITHS
AND THEIR MARKS.
Whatever uncertainty may exist with reference to the exercise of The Scottish
goldsmiths were
jurisdiction over English provincial goldsmiths in early times by the Se^ncelrom
London Goldsmiths' Company, there is no such uncertainty with regard borders.
to the goldsmiths of Scotland. They have never been subject to any
interference in the exercise of their craft by any authority outside their
own borders. Nor has there been any influence, either affecting their
manner of working or the design of what they wrought, which can be
traced as having passed from the English centre to the Scottish gold
smiths. We have seen, in the history of the Newcastle goldsmiths,
evidence of the sort of feeling that existed between the craftsmen of
the respective countries in the sixteenth century, from which it may be
gathered, that so far from the goldsmiths of either country being inclined
to adopt anything "from over the border," the exact opposite was more
probably the case. It is therefore not surprising that early Scottish
examples of the goldsmith's art bear a much greater resemblance to
continental than to English work.
The earliest records concerning Scottish goldsmiths, pertain, as may Earliest records
of Scottish
be expected, to the goldsmiths of Edinburgh, whose minutes containing ^°^'f^'^'*''
the names of the deacons of the craft, and the dates of their election, '^'^'"''"'sh-
from 1525 downwards, are preserved. The art of the goldsmith was
however practised in Scotland much earlier than the sixteenth century.
The Scottish statutes reflect some light on the mediaeval goldsmiths in
the absence of other evidence. Following the practice which obtained on
the continent of Europe, whence, as we have seen, English legislation
on the subject derived its inspiration, the laws affecting Scottish gold
smiths were enacted not for the purpose of conferring privileges upon
the members of the craft, but for the protection of the pubhc against
being defrauded by having inferior metal passed off as good gold or
good silver.

448

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Enactment of.
I457-

Scottish goldsmithswrought the gold
and silver of
tiieir customers.

Amount ot alloy
restricted.

Gold and Plate
required to be
marked with the
deacon's mark and
the maker's mark.

To this end it was enacted in the year 1457* that: — "As anent the
reformacione of golde and siluer wro' be goldsmythis ande to eschewe the
desaving done to the Kingis liegis thair salbe ordanyt in ilk burghe quhair
goldsmythis' wirkis ane vnderstandandet and cunnande:]: man of gude conscience
quhilk sail be dene§ of the craft, .^nd quhen the werk is bro' to the gold-
smy' and it be golde quhat golde that ever it beis bro' till him he sail give
it fur' agane in werk na wef ]| than xx. granys. And of siluer quhat ever be
bro' him he sail gif it fur' agane na war || na xj. granys. And the said gold-
smy' sail tak his werk or®* he gif it furthe and pass to the dene of the craft
and ger examyn that it be sa fyne as is befor wrettyn. And the said dene
of the craft sail set his mark and takyn|"j" thairto togidder w' the saide goldsmytis.
And gif faute be fundyne thairin afterwartis the dene forsaide and goldesmytis
gudis salbe in eschet to the King and their liffis at the Kingis will. And the
saide dene sail half to his fee of ilk vnce wro' jd. And quhair ther is na gold-
smy' hot ane in a town he sail schawe that werk takinit w' his awne merk to the
hede ofificiaris of the town quhilkis sail haif a merk in like manner ordanyt
thairfor and salbe set to the saide werk. And quhat goldsmyt that gifEs furth
his werk vthrwayis thane is befor wrettyne his gudis salbe confyskyt to the Kyng
and his life at the Kingis will."
From this Statute we gather that in the fifteenth century it was the
custom in Scotland, for those who required goldsmith's work, to take
their own gold and their own silver to the goldsmith to be wrought
according to their order, and it appears that dishonest craftsmen had
resorted to the practice of obtaining illicit profit by adulterating gold and
silver so brought to them, with undue quantities of alloy. With a view to
stopping this dishonest practice, the amount of alloy which might legally
be added to gold and silver by goldsmiths was restricted, so that in every
24 grains (or carats) of wrought gold there should not be less than 20 of
fine gold, and in every 1 2 grains (or ounces) of wrought silver there
should not be less than 1 1 of fine silver. We find here also the first
reference to the marking of wrought gold and silver, which was to be
marked with the mark of the dean or deacon of the craft, and with the
maker's own mark, so that if deceit should be afterwards discovered to
have been practised, the lives of both the deacon and the worker were
held forfeit. In towns where there was but one goldsmith he was to
take his work, with his own mark on it, to the chief officer of the town
to be marked with the town-mark, on pain of having his goods con
fiscated, and his life held at the King's will.

¦'¦¦¦ Reign of James ll. (of Scotland), Parliament XIV. March 6th, 1457.
t " vnderstandande "=;understanding, i.e., discerning.
i "cunnande "^cunning, skilful.
§ "dene"^dean, deacon, warden (of the craft).
II " na wer na "=no worse than.
¦•¦¦"¦•'¦' " or "^ere, before.
If " merk and takyn "=mark and token.

The Goldsmiths of Edinburgh. 449
In 1483* it was further enacted that whereas : — " throw the negligence Enactment of
and avirice of the wirkaris and goldesmithis the said siluer gevin to thaim is ''* ^'
myngingl with laye and uthir stuife that is put in the said werk that fra the siluer
cum agane fra the werkraen it is sa fer scaithit of the avale fra the fyne siluer that
the pupill is ouer gretly scaithit and dissauit therthrow. J And thairfor the lordis
avis and think speidfuU that in ilk a tovne quhair that golde smithis ar and thair
craftis exersit and vsit that thair be deput and ordanit a wardane and a decane of a skiuui warden
^ _ to be appomted
the craft that salbe suorne thairto and examvn al the werkmanschip that cummys to mark work
. . J proved sufficient,
fra thair handis, and quhair thai fvnd it sufficient set thair merkis thairto, and and to refuse
, . , . f. , . rn ' "^ • , f ' 1 • 1 1 Cj.1-' insufficient work
quhair thai tynd it vnsalhcient thai sal relusit and punice the wyrkar etter his and punish
demeritis and quhair ony werkman waide culour or stele away his werk w'out
examinacioun it salbe eschetit quhaireuer it may be fundin, and the dampnage
thairof fall in the werk manis hand."
THE GOLDSMITHS OF EDINBURGH.
In the same year (1483) the Edinburgh goldsmiths, (who were Edinburgh
then associated with other hammer-wielding trades under the general °3at'ed with
,,. - . . 1 ,-p other
description of "Hammermen ) presented a petition to the iown hammermen.
Council complaining of certain things whereby they were prejudiced,
contrary to the " auld gude rule and statutes of their craft." In response
to their petition the Council granted them certain privileges and
prescribed certain rules for their observance. In less than fifty years
after the date of that grant they must have dissociated themselves from
the other trades, because in the year 1525 — the date of their oldest
minute-book — they were an independent corporation.
By a Statute of the year 1485 "a dekin and a sercho' of the craft" Adeaconand
were appointed, and it was ordained that "al goldsmytis werk be markit '^SXh^o^A-
w' his avn mark, the dekynis mark, and the mark of the tovne, of the finace of ""' """* ^'
xjd. fyne."§ On the 20th June, 1555, an Act of the sixth Parliament of Queen
Mary was passed, whereby it was ordained that : — " Forasmuch as there is statute of .535.
great fraud and hurt done unto the lieges of the realme by goldsmiths that make
silver and gold of no certaine finesse but at their pleasure by which there is some
silver warke set furth of such baseness of alloy of six and seven penny fine
against the public weal of the realme . . . na goldsmith should make m
warke nor set foorth either of his awn or uther mennis silver under the just
» Reign of James UI., Parliament XIII. February 24th, 1483.
t " Mvneing with laye and uthir stuife "=mi.xed with alloy and other stutt. , , • ,
X So far depreciated in value below fine silver that the people are greatly wronged and deceived
^''^'t Of the fineness of .xjd. fyne : xjd.=ii deniers : " denier " (from the French brass coin so-called,
worth three-tenths ot a farthing English), an arbitrary weight, which was divided mto 34 grains
Silver without alloy was xijd. fine, therefore plate xjd. fine contained eleven parts of pure silver and
one part of alloy. 29

450

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The "Craft"
authorised to
search for and
test the quality
of all gold and
silver work.

Rules of the craft
approved i^gi.

Charter granted
by James VII.
(Jas. II. of Eng.)
1687.

Thirteenprovincialgoldsmiths found
mentioned about
1687.

The Britannia
standard of iioz.
lodwt. fine never
enforced in
Scotland.

finance of elleven pennie under the paine of death and confiscation of all their
gudes moveable And that everie goldsmith marke the silver warke that he makis
with his awin marke and with the townis marke And als that na goldsmith make
in warke or set furth of his awin or other mennis gold under the just finesse of
twentie twa carat fine under the pains aforesaid."
In January 1586 James VI. (afterwards Jas. I. of England) granted
to the "deacon and masters of the goldsmiths craft in Edinburgh" a letter
under his privy seal (confirmed by statute in the following year) whereby
thej' were empowered amongst other things to search for " all gold and
silver wark wrocht and made in ony pairt within this realme " and to try
if it were of the fineness required by statute and to seize all such as
should be deficient.
In August 1 59 1 the deacon and brethren of the craft presented to
the Town Council of Edinburgh certain rules for the government of their
body, whereupon the Council having declared them to be agreeable to all
good laws, equity and reason, confirmed them.
On the IOth of November 1687 King James VII. (Jas. II. of England)
granted a charter to the Edinburgh goldsmiths, whereby all their
previously enjoyed privileges were confirmed unto them and in addition
they were granted more extensive powers with reference to searching for
gold and silver work and punishing offenders. Pursuant to this charter
they issued notices to the goldsmiths of other Scottish towns directing
their attention to the necessity of maintaining their gold and silver
work up to the required standard. In examining the records of the
Edinburgh goldsmiths, Mr. A. J. S. Brook found a draft of one of these
notices (undated, but assigned to about the year 1683) on the back of
which is written the names of the persons to whom copies were sent, from
which it appears that the number of goldsmiths in various towns of
Scotland at that time was as follows : — In Glasgow, 5 ; Aberdeen, 3 ;
Perth, I ; Inverness, i ; Ayr, i ; Banff, i ; and Montrose i. From the
minute-books ofthe Edinburgh Goldsmiths Incorporation, it appears that
the number of goldsmiths in Edinburgh at that date was about twenty-five.
The Act 8 and 9 Wm. III. c. 8, which was passed by the English
Parliament in 1696 (before the union of the parliaments of England and
Scotland) whereby the standand for wrought plate in England was
raised to 11 oz. lodwt. fine, was not operative in Scotland. The Act 6
George I. c. 11, however, which restored the old English standard,
provided that "from and after June ist, 1720, no goldsmith or silver
smith or other person whatsoever should work gr cause to be wrought

The Goldsmiths of Edinburgh. 451
any plate less in fineness than iioz. 2dwt. of fine silver in every pound Scottish standards
*^ *¦ now agreeable
Troy, nor put to sale, exchange, or sell any plate until it should be '"'* ^''^''*-
touched assayed and marked in manner provided by the laws then in
force." That Act having been passed after the union of the English and
Scottish parliaments, became operative over the whole of Great Britain,
and as a result the Scottish standard for plate was raised on June
1st, 1720, from IIOZ. fine, at which it had previously stood, to iioz.
2dwt. fine, (agreeably with the English standard), which, ever since that
date, has remained unchanged. By the same Act a duty of sixpence per Dutyof6d.peror.
° -^ .ILL imposed on plate
ounce was imposed on plate manufactured in or imported into Great l^c."1i.'^''"' '^™'
Britain. The option of manufacturing plate of the higher or Britannia
standard of i loz. lodwts. fine was also conferred by this Act, but it does
not appear to have been exercised by the Scottish goldsmiths.
In 1757-8 the duty on plate was repealed by the Act 31 Geo. 1 1., Repealed by
c. 32, and a license tax, payable by every person dealing in gold and f/s^and'"^"
silver wares, was imposed in substitution, but in 1784 the above duty of -890.
6d. per ounce was (by the Act 24 George III. c. 53) reimposed, and
extended to gold, on which 8s. per ounce became payable. In 1797 the
duty on plate was increased to is. per ounce. In 1804 the duty on gold
was increased to i6s. per ounce and on silver to is. 3d. per ounce. By
the Act 55 Geo. III. c. 185 (1815) the duty on gold was raised to 17s.
per ounce and on silver to is. 6d. per ounce, at which rate it remained
until the abolition of the duty on the 28th May, 1890,*
The manufacture of gold and silver wares in Scotland is now Goldsmiths' work
in Scotland now
regulated by the Statutes 59 Geo. III. c. 28 (1818-19) and the 6 & 7 g;|^i^^'"'>' ">=
Wm. IV. c 69 (1836), The former relates only to Glasgow, and will fGiasg°ow) and'^
6 & 7 Wm. IV.
be referred to in connection with the Glasgow goldsmiths ; the later Act J,fh"''p,'|e''es')"''
extends to the whole of Scotland, except the Glasgow district.
The supervision of the standards appointed for Scotland is entrusted Provisions tor the
regulation of the
to the Wardens of the Incorporation of Goldsmiths ofthe City of Edinburgh. Assay oKce.
They have under the Act of Wm. IV. jurisdiction over the whole of
Scotland, excepting Glasgow and forty miles round it, which excepted
district is subject to the control of the Glasgow Goldsmiths' Company.
The provisions for the election of wardens, the appointment and duties
of assayers, the custody and trial of the diet and the entries to be made
are similar to those in the Birmingham Act (supra). The duties of the
A list of gold and silver wares exempted from liability to duty will be found on page 70.

ences.

452 The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
wardens are merely to be present when requested by the assayer at the
breaking of any plate in respect of which fraud is suspected, and four
times a year to superintend and keep an account of the weighing of the
scrapings deposited in the assayer's box; to be present at the opening of
the diet-boxes once a year, and to sell the diet after it has been sent to
and returned from the mint. The assayer's box and the diet-boxes are
each required to have two different locks: the key of one to be kept
by the assayer and that of the other by the deacon of the incorporation.
The dies or punches for marking gold and silver wares are entrusted
to the assayer alone, under very heavy penalties in case of improper use.
Penalties for Thc pcnaltics for offences against the standards and marks are
heavier than in England. "Every person who shall make, sell, or
export out of Scotland, any wrought gold or silver, less in fineness than
the Act provides is (Sec. i) liable to a penalty of ^100 for each piece of
plate ; and every person who shall knowingly sell, exchange, keep for
sale, export, or attempt to export any gold or silver wares not marked
with the proper marks, as required by the Act, is also liable to a penalty
of ;^ 1 00 for each article."
THE EDINBURGH GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.
There were probably no marks struck on gold and silver wares
wrought in Scotland before 1457 when, as we have seen, the Statute of
that year provided for the appointment of deacons or other officers to
regulate the quality of wrought gold and silver. Before this it seems
to have been a common practice amongst some working goldsmiths to
increase their profits by substituting an undue amount of alloy in place of
the precious metals entrusted to them by their customers. Therefore, if
any plate whatever had been marked prior to this date, it would have been
only such goldsmiths as were conscious of their own rectitude, and were
prepared to warrant the honesty of their work, who would have been
likely to have struck their marks on it. We see, however, that from
1457 the marks of the deacon and of the worker were required by
Statute to be set on all wrought gold and silver.
The obligatory Thcsc requircmcnts with respect to the marking of plate, although
marking of plate, . - . ^
pretn'io°nof° mtcndcd as a means of preventing fraud or detecting its perpetrator, and
dat"e''if iff '" "" in no way meant to serve the purpose of enabling the antiquary and
manufacture *o l J
be determined, thc platc collcctor in after years to fix the date of the manufacture of
any particular article of plate, do, as a matter of fact, incidentally afford

First enactment
as to marks 1457.

The Goldsmiths of Edinburgh. 453
the means of doing so. Firstly, the maker's mark enables one to
ascertain the maker when, as is mostly the case from 1525 onwards,
the name is to be found in the records ; whence we have an approximate
date, limited by the working-life-time of the maker ; and, secondly, by
reason of the names of the Edinburgh deacons being recorded from the
year 1525 onwards, we are enabled to reduce the range of possible dates
to the very narrow limit of time during which the deacon, whose mark
any particular article bears, held office.
By a Statute of the year 1485 it was, as we have seen, ordained that "Townmark-
1 1 r 1 ¦ 1 1 ¦ • added 1485.
the mark ot the town, m addition to the goldsmith's own mark and the
deacon's mark, should be struck on all goldsmiths' work, and these three
marks continued to be the marks by law required to be struck on all
wrought gold and silver down to 1681.
The " town-mark " of the Edinburgh goldsmiths, according to the Edinburgh
1 nrni ir 1 r town-mark taken
rule generally toUowed, was taken from the arms of the burgh, which from the arms of
° ' the burgh.
are: — Argent, on a rock proper, a castle, triple toivered and embattled,
sable. This triple towered castle, slightly modified in design from time
to time, has been used as the Edinburgh " town-mark " from the year
1485 down to the present day.
In 1 68 1 the Edinburgh Goldsmiths' Incorporation, following the Date-ietter
... .. , ,, ... , adopted i68j.
practice which originated at Montpellier, adopted a variable annual
letter for stamping on gold and silver wares, whereby any fraudulent
practice in the manufacture of plate might be more easily detected. From
that time a date-letter, changed annually in the month of September
(when the officers for the next ensuing year are elected), has been
regularly used. Therefore, from 1681 downwards it is possible to
determine the exact year when any fully marked piece of Edinburgh
plate was made and assayed.
At the time when they adopted the use of the date-letter, the .^ssayer-s m.-irk
substituted for
Edinburgh goldsmiths abolished the deacon's mark and substituted the J^con's m,irk
mark of the assay master, whereby the official assayer was fixed with
responsibility for his assay by the striking of his mark. At first this
mark consisted of the initials of the assayer in monogram in script
letters; afterwards it was composed of separate Roman capital letters.
In i7';q the use of the assay master's initials was discontinued and 1759- Mark of a
' ^ ^ Z . . tlustle substituted
the mark of a thistle was substituted, in accordance with the following f°ra=fayers
' c) initials.
minute : —
" 15th September, 1759 : Thereafter Hugh Gordon the Assay master being
called in and having delivered the last year's puncheon to the Deacon, the

454 ^'^^ Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
Incorporation did unanimously nominate and re-elect the said Hugh Gordon to be
Assay master to the Incorporation for the ensuing year and appointed him the
Saxon letter ® to be put on the plate said year with the stamp or impression of a
Scots thistle in place of the initial letters of the Assay master's name, which
initial letters they discharge in time coming."
Mr. Brook, who copied this minute in 1892, pointed out* the mistake
which had been made by Mr. Chaffers and Mr. Cripps in assigning the
date of the substitution of the thistle for the assayer's initials to the year
1757, and Mr. Cripps consequently corrected his error in the succeeding
edition of "Old English Plate."
1784. Sovereigns Consequcnt upon the re-imposition of duties (at the rate of 8s. per
head (duty mark) -i. r r \

added.

OZ. on gold and 6d. per oz. on silver in lieu of licenses) over the
whole of Great Britain, a fifth mark consisting of the sovereign's head,
indicative of the payment of duty, was ordered to be struck on all gold
and silver plate assayed from and after the ist December 1784 in Scot
land, as in England. This duty-mark continued thenceforward to be
used in Edinburgh-f- as in London, except that the change in the form of
the head, consequent upon the accession of a new monarch, was longer
delayed in Edinburgh. After the accession of Queen Victoria, as much
as four years elapsed before the change was made. This mark continued
in use until 1890, when the duty on plate was repealed, and it ceased
to be used.
Marks prescribed Thc Statutc 6 and J Wm. IV. c. 69 (1836) prescribed the marks to be
by the Statute
Itib.^'^^'^'^ struck on silver plate in the following terms : —
On silver of 1 1 oz. 2 dwts. fine (the Old English standard) the
maker's initials, the thistle, variable letter, and the peculiar mark of the
company (a castle); and on silver of 1 1 oz. 10 dwts. fine (the New English
or " Britannia " standard) the same marks with the addition of the figure
of Britannia. In addition to the above marks the duty mark was required to be
struck, until 1890, as before mentioned. The Britannia standard has
been very rarely, if ever, used in Scotland ; the author has not in all
his researches met with a single piece of Edinburgh-made " Britannia "
plate, and that standard was most certainly not enforced from 1700 to
1720 as implied by Mr. Chaffers in "Hall Marks on Plate."
¦¦' "Old Scottish Communion Plate," page 537.
t The duty-mark was, of course, not stamped on articles exempted from the payment of duty,
a list of which appears on page 70.

The Goldsmiths of Edinburgh. 455
For gold of 22 carats the prescribed marks were until 1844
identical with those prescribed for silver of the old standard, now,
however, the figure 22 is added to denote the number of carats fine.
For gold of 18 carats the marks are similar, with the addition of
the figure 18 instead of 22; and for the three lower standards the figures
15, 12 and 9 respectively are used to denote the fineness of each quality.
In the following tables the marks are represented in fac-simile The marks in
= I^ ' the following
exactly as they appear (in a row, side by side) on the plate from which J^J'.'s';",.';!?;
they have been taken, and have been reproduced from the originals in marks on
•> ' r o authentic
the same manner as the EngHsh marks, the sunk parts being black and "ixan-pi^ofpia'":-
the raised parts white. For impressions of several of the marks the
author is indebted to Mr. A. J. S. Brook, whose assistance has been
most generously accorded in the compilation of these tables, which will be
found to agree (as far as a comparison can be made) with Mr. Brook's tables
in "Old Scottish Communion Plate." On the other hand they will be
•found to differ very considerably from the marks illustrated in Chaffer's
"Hall Marks on Plate," which cannot have been obtained from authentic
sources ; and to differ also from the Edinburgh marks illustrated by Mr.
Cripps in "Old English Plate," which, having been prepared by Mr.
Sanderson from drawings of marks made by different hands, cannot
possibly have the same accuracy as is attained by reproducing the actual
marks by means of castings from impressions taken from the plate itself.
In Mr. Chaffers' "Hall Marks on Plate" it is stated that most of the no impressions
/^ 1 1 • 1 "^ early marks
date-letters — 1681 to 170=^ — are taken from the minutes ofthe Goldsmiths stannped in the
' ^ goldsmiths
Corporation, in many cases from an impression of the actual punch given
on the paper, and a somewhat similar statement appeared in "Old English
Plate." On Mr. Brook directing attention to the fact that there were no
such impressions struck in the books, but merely some sketches of the
marks roughly drawn with the pen, having a very remote resemblance
to the actual marks, the statement was withdrawn from the subsequent
edition of "Old English Plate," but the erroneous statement has been
repeated b;^- the editors of Chaffers' "Hall Marks." In the year 1901 by the
courtesy of the deacon and officers of the Goldsmiths' Incorporation, the
author was aUowed to inspect their books, and he is able to verify the
statement of Mr. Brook as to there being no impressions of the actual
punches in the paper of the minute book from 1681 to 1705. There are,
however, impressions of nineteenth century punch marks struck on ,9,h century
marks are struck
copper-plates, and of these, the author, by the same courtesy, was on copperplates.

456 The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
allowed to take castings which have been compared with the marks
reproduced from articles of plate. In the following tables all the marks
found on each article are printed in line, so that any one desiring to
compare the marks on a given piece of plate with the marks here
recorded will be able to do so without referring to several pages for
each of the several marks.
It is unnecessary to further describe the marks which appear in the
tables, as by reason of the way in which they are arranged they " speak
for themselves." It may, however, be as well to observe that the Roman
Similarity of Capital lettcrs O, S, V, W, X and Z, date-marks of the cycle 1780-1806,
certain date- ^ » ; > ) t J I I
marks in two ^j-g j^qj. readily distinguishable from the corresponding small letters of
the following cycle, but by bearing in mind that the shields of the letters
of the former (after H) all have angular bases, while the shields of the
date-letters (from G onwards) in the cycle which follows, all have bases
which curve downwards to a point in the centre, the difference between
the marks may be easily detected. It may also be added that concur
rently with a castle such as those illustrated in line with 1 799-1800 and
1824-5, the more common form of town-mark as represented opposite
1780-1, 1806-7 ^n<^ 1826-7 is found to have been used on other
examples of plate not mentioned in the tables. In some instances the
castle, thistle, and date-letter are rather close to each other and are so
regularly placed as to appear as if the three marks had been grouped in
one punch and stamped with a single stroke, while the maker's mark —
which was always separately stamped by the maker — and the duty-mark,
appear much more irregularly spaced. A few other noteworthy obser
vations regarding certain marks will be found above and below several
of the tables.
It will be observed that the marks in the Edinburgh tables have
been placed in a different order from that observed with regard to the
English marks, where for convenience' sake the mark of the maker has
The relative bccu placcd lu thc last column. On old Edinburgh plate the maker's
position of marks,
"dM'to'l'bsr mark occupies the first place (to the left as you look at the fnarks): the
deacon's mark being third, with the castle between the two. The relative
position of the marks being therefore of importance in distinguishing
which is the maker's mark and which the deacon's, these relative
positions have been maintained in the tables. The same relative
positions of the maker's mark and town-mark were continued after the
deacon's mark ceased to be applied; the place of the deacon's mark being

The Goldsmiths of Edinburgh. 457
taken by that of the assay-master, for which in 1759 the thistle was
substituted as before explained.
While the deacon held office he was not precluded from making plate, Deacons marked

their own plate
de.icon and

maker.

and therefore examples are found with the same mark on either side of ^^
1 mi
the castle, the first being his mark as maker and the last as deacon.
In 1740 a dispute occurred between the Incorporation and Archibald
Ure as to his tenure of office as assayer. The dispute was terminated
by the appointment of Hugh Gordon to the office of assay-master in 1744.
Meanwhile, in lieu of the assay-master's mark, plate was stamped with the
mark of the oldest and youngest master who in turn temporarily under
took the assayer's duty. Hence we find plate stamped with the marks
of Dougal Ged, Edward Lothian and other goldsmiths in the place of
that of the assay-master.
Following the tables of marks there will be found a list ofthe names ust of deacons
and names of
of the deacons who held office from 1525 to 1681 ; after 1681 the f"^'',^;'^;^'^'/""""'
deacon's mark was not used. A large number of goldsmiths' names
appear opposite their marks in the tables from 1552 to 1903. These are
supplemented by the names of goldsmiths which have been found recorded,
but of whose work the author has met with no example.
The recording of goldsmiths' names does not appear to have been
made with the same care in the nineteenth century as seems to have been
exercised previously ; it is consequently difficult to identify some of the
makers' marks represented in the later tables.

458

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.

TABLE I.
FROM ABOUT 1552 TO ABOUT 1633.
THREE STAMPS AS BELOW.
The date in the first column indicates the period within which the marks in the same line must
have been stamped.
The date within parentheses which follows the maker's name is the date of his admission to the
Incorporation : his first work having been previously assayed and found satisfactory.
The period during which each deacon respectively held office will be found mentioned in the list
of deacons which follows these tables.

D.ATE.

maker's NAME.

MAKEHB HARK

mark" "S"""'
CASTLE ""*""
S 0

deacon's name.

articles and owners.

1552-62

Alex. Auchinieck

Thos.

Ewing.

Foot of Mazer, dated 1567 : St.

' ¦ ' *^

Mary's Coll., St. Andrews.
1563-4
Henry Thompsone
®
EQ
James
Cok.
Bowl of com. cup : Forgue.
c. 1570
(1561)
(Mark indistinct).
" i
George
Heriot, senr.®
Mount of rock-crystal jugf ; Sir
Samuel Montagu, Bart.
1585-5
John Mosman (1575)
^
John
Mosman.
Twocom.cups: Roseneath.
1590-1
Adam Allane, jr.
^
^
Geo.
Heriot, senr.*
Tazza-shaped cup : Messrs.
(1589)
Christie.
I59I-4
David Gilbert (1590)
,. 63
Wm.
Cok (Cokie).
Baptismal basin : East
S ®
Church, Perth.
J,
James Craufuird
^
Do.
do.
Spoon, thistle-sh'd top :
15961600
(1591)
The Author's CoU'n.
Hugh Lindsay (1587)
sa
go
David
Heriot.
Two com. cups : Currie.
1609-10
Gilbert Kirkwood (1609)
@
•• m
Robert
Denneistoun.
Two com. cups : Arbirlot.
161I-3
Robert Denneistoun (1597)
m
m ©
David
Palmer.
Mts. of nautilus shell cup :
Heriot's Trust.
"
George Craufuird, jr.
(1606)
Do. do.
m
„
Do.
do.
Com. cups : Fala & Soutra.
1617-9
"
^ E£9
John
Lindsay.
Pair of cups : Earl Caw
dor.
„
John Lindsay
GS
tt 1 1
Do,
do.
Com. cups : Closeburn.
(1605)
)>
George Robertsone
^
,,
Do.
do.
Com. cups : Holywood,
(1616)
Dumfries.
,,
Thos. Thompson
^
tt
Do.
do.
Com. cups : Middlebie,
(1617)
Ecclefechan.
I613-2I
Gilbert Kirkwood
fi ^
James
Denneistoun.
Com. cups : Straiton and
(1609)
Blantyre.
1616-35
George Robertsone
•¦ ^
George
Craufuird.
Corporation Mace : Edin
(1616)
^ J*
burgh.
1633
Adame Lamb (1619)
&
„
Do.
do.
Com. cup, dated 1633 : Old
Greyfriars, Edinburgh.
••
Thos. Kirkwood (1631)
@
..
Do.
do.
Com. cupj: Aberchirder.
1633 (?)
(Mark indistinct.)
ffl i^
§Alexr
Reid (?)
Com. cup, dated 1633 :
F intray.
'¦' Father of the famous George Heriot.
f Presented by Oueen Elizabeth to the Regent Mar.
t Also bread-plates, dated 1633, Trinity College Church, Edinburgh.
§ Mr. Brook (" Old Scottish Communion Plate," p. 553), says " there may be some doubt about
this mark," it is therefore represented in the above table with some reservation. These marks are
inaccurately represented in " Old English Plate " as A M in monogram on each side of a fleur-
de-lys. They are in fact as above — two stamped marks only ; near them, however, is an engraved
ornament resembling a spear head with which the inscription running round the bowl of the cup is
commenced. It is not a fleur-de-lys, and is in no sense a goldsmith's stamped mark.
The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

459

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.

TABLE II.
FROM ABOUT 1637 TO ABOUT 1677.
THREE STAMPS AS BELOW.
(See notes above Table I. on preceding page.)

MAKER S NAME.

1637-91640-2 16421643 1)
1644-6

1649
1648-57 1650
1651-9 1657
1660
1665-7
1669-75 1674
1663-81 1675-7 1677

Jon

Adm.
Scott (1621)

Thos. Clyghorne (1606)
Patrick Borthwick (1642)
Jon Scott (1621)
NicoU Troter (1635)
George Cleghorne (1641)
Andro Denneistoun (1636)
Thos. Clyghorne (1606)
Andro Burrell (1642)
Peter Neilsone (1647)
Thos. Scott (1649)
Robert Gibsoune (1627)
John Wardlaw (1642)
Edwd. Cleghorne (1649)
Wm. Law (1662)
Andrew Law (C1665)
Alexr. Scott (1649)
James Cockburne (1669)
Alexr. Scott (1649)
George Rolland (1675)
Alexr. Reid, (3rd) (1677)

"iiffS'S M?RK. OEACON-5
MARK. CASTLE. "ARK.

^

ES

0

tt

DEACON S NAME.

Jon

Scott.

^

Thos. Clyghorne.
John Fraser.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Adam Lamb.
Do. do.
Do. do.
George Cleghorne.
Do. do.
Do. do.
James Fairbairne.
Do. do.
Andro Burrell.
James Symontoun.
Do. do.
Alexr. Reid (2nd).
Do. do.
Edwd. Cleghorne.
Wm. Law.
Do. do.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Two com. cups, given
1645 : South Leith.
Spoon : Glasgow Exhibi
tion of 1901.
Com. cups* : Tolbooth
Church, Edinburgh.
Com. cups| : Canongate.
Do. : Tolbooth
Church, Edinburgh.
Com. cup : Newbattle.

Do.Do.

Do.Do.

Baptismal basin:]: : Old
Greyfriars, Edinburgh
Two spoons: Mrs.Maxwell.
Com. cup: Dalmellington.
Com. cups : Dalkeith.
Com. cups, dated 1657 :
Dunbar.
Com. cups, dated 1660 ;
Abercorn.
Baptismal basin : North
Leith Church.
Cup§ : Glasgow Exhib'n.
Com. cup : Arbroath.
Do. given 1674 :
Longformacus.
Com. cup : Linlithgow.
Large spoon : Glasgow
Exhibition of 1901.

Do. do.

Do.

*' Dated 1642. The same marks occur on a wine cup, with baluster stem, in the Author's
Collection. John Fraser's mark as deacon has been found on the communion plate of no less than
four parishes in and near Edinburgh and two near Paisley, but no record of his election to the office of
deacon has been discovered. Mr. Brook suggests that he may ha\-e been elected between terms to fill
the place of some deacon deceased or incapacitated.
t Dated 1643. Same marks on communion cups at St. Giles', Edinburgh, and South Leith.
X Dated 1649.
§ Same marks on two communion cups at Wemyss.

460

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.
TABLE III.
FROM 1681 TO 1705 — TWENTYFOUR - YEARS.
Four Stamps : The date-marks being small Old English letters (omitting j and tt) in variously
shaped "shields," as below.
The order of marks is as represented, but for convenience of reference the letterpress has been
arranged differently in this and the eight following tables, from that previously observed.

articles and OWNERS.

Spoon : Mr. S. Phillips.
Communion cups, dated 1682 :
Duddington.
Two cups : Heriot's Trust.
Two communion cups : Culross.
Two communion cups : Peebles.
Flagon : Glasgow Exhibition.
Communion cup : Pittenweem.
Do. do. : Dunblane.
Communion cup : Sprouston.
Sauce-pan : Messrs. Christie.
Two com, cups, given 1689: Temple
Church, Edinburgh.
Spoon: Mr. Chisholm ; com. cups :
Bothkennar.
Do. . Messrs. Smith & Rait.
Do. : Mr. Wilson ; com. cups :
Hawick.
Communion cups, dated 1694:
Kirriemuir.
Mug : The Author's Collection.
Communion cups dated 1695 •
Borthwick.
Ouaich : Lord Breadalbane.
Spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.
Communion cup, dated 1698 :
Trinity College, Edinburgh.
Rat-tail spoons: Mr. Chisholm.
Punch-bowl : Sir Jas. Menzies ; |^
Com. cups : Dalserf. j
Tankard : Glasgow Exhibition.
Spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.
Do. : Messrs. Christie.
Rat-tail spoon : Mus. of Antiq., Edinburgh.
Mug : Glasgow Exhibition.

maker s name.

Adm
Alexr. Reid (1660^
Edwd. Cleghorne {1649:
Andrew Law (11665)
Wm. Law (1662
Thos. Yorstoun 1^673:
John Lawe (1661
James Penman (1673
Do. do.
James Cockburnt (1669
George Scott (1677
Wm. Scott (1686
James Cockburne (1669
Robert Bruce (1687
Robert Inglis (1686
James Sympsone (1687
Geo. Yorstoune (16
Alexr. Forbes (1692
James Sympsone (1687
(Afot identified).
Thos. Ker (1694
Alexr. Kincaid (1692
Colin McKenzie (1695
Geo. Scott, jr.
(1697:
Mungo Yorstoun (1702
Thos. Cleghorne (1689;
James Sympson (1687;
Patrick Murray (.1701

MAKER'S JOW" ASSAV
MARK. MARK. MASTER'S
^^,^. CASTLE. MARR.

@
l@.
^
m ^ ^
^

m

tt »»

I S

0
8
@
I!! 0
t3 . -IS
^ " "0
(^ „

Si i

1682-3
1683-4
1684-5
1685-6
1686-7
1687-81688-9
WM. & MV.
1689-90 I 690- I
I69I-21692-31693-4 1694-5 WM. III.
1695-61696-7 1697-81698-9

ASSAY
master's NAMF.

John
Borthwick

James
Penman,

1700
1700-II7OI-2 ANNE.
1702-3 1703-4 1704-5

From its adoption in 1681, the date-letter has been changed annually in the month of September;
each date-letter therefore in this and the following tables was in use from September of one year until
the same month ot the succeeding year.

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

461

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.
TABLE IV.
FROM 1705 TO 1730 — TWENTYFIVE YEARS.
Four Stamps as below : The date-marks being Roman capital letters (except q and u — small.)

ASSAV
articles and owners.
maker's name.
MAKER'S MARK.
TOWN ASSAV DATE
MARK. MASTEP-S LETTER
CASTLE. MARK.
g ^ 55
date.
master's NAMli.
Rat-tail spoon : Soc. Antiq. (1889)
.\dm.
Patrick Murray (1701)
1705-6
James
Peinna.n.
Communion cups : Rattray.
James Tait (1704)
Bapt. laver : Old Greyfriars, Ed.
Walter Scott (1701)
W
Ml
1706-7
1)
Com. cups, "gifted 1708": Crieff.
Do. "gifted 1709 " : Broughton.
Wm. Ged (1706)
John Penman, jr.
m ^
1707-8
Edward
Penman.
Tankard : iNIr. Chisholm.
(1703)
Harry Beathune
GJD
13
1708-9
"
Plaid-brooch : Glasgow Exhib.
( I /O4J
John Seatoune (1688)
m
" •' \^
1709-10
"
Com. cup : Borthwick.
James Mitchellsone fi7o61
QEI
^
1710-1
"
Do. dated 171 1 : Penninghame.
Patrick Turnbull
(^
t. t. @
1711-2
»>
Large spoon : Glasgow Exhib.
(1689)
Robert Ker (1705)
(JJ
(5
1712-3
"
Ouaich : Lord Breadalbane.
Robert Inglis (1686J
(5>
„ .. p
1713-4
..
Com. cups : Maryton, Montrose.
Mungo Yorstoun(i702)
(^
t •• ^
GEO. 1.
I7I4-5
„
Milk jug : iSIr. W. Boore.
tt
\^,Vi
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Chisholm.
Thos. Ker (1694)
QP
u
1715-6
"
Do. do. : Glasgow Exhib.
Do. do. : Mr. Crichton.
Harry Beathune(i704)
John Seatoun (1685)
„ .. gQQ]
'»i7i6-7
"
Bread plates : North Leith.
Small mug : Glasgow Exhib.
Chas. Dickson (as 1721)
Chas. Blair (1707)
' .. f^®
-¦'1717-8
"
Rat-tail table spoon: The
Wm. Ure (1715)
(®
fl{ 03 51
))
tt
Author's Co lection.
Hash spoon : Mr. J. Guthrie.
James Mitchellsone (170b}
QS
- ®
1718-9
„
Rat-tail spoons : Messrs. G.
Mungo Yorstoun(i7o2j
]M
Do. do. : Mr. W.Smith.
Alexr. Sympsone(i7io)
^
,t .. gjp
¦¦•¦'1719-20
"
Rat-tail table spoon: The Author'sColl.
Jas. Inglis (1720)
ES3
" 03 j?
,,
tt
Com. cups : Pencaitland.
Spoon : Mr. Chisholm.
David Mitchell 11700)
(t>]
^t, t, ca
1720-1
"
Communion cups : Ayr.
Chas. Dickson (1719)
D3.
• •• IS
1721-2
„
Small spoon : Lord Breadalbane.
James Clarke (1710)
" " (& '
Com. cups : Kinnaird, Dundee.
Colin Campbell (1714)
(3
1722-3
"
Small cup : Messrs. Christie.
Table spoon : Mr. W. Smith.
Ken'th McKenzie(i7i4)
Chas. Blair (1707)
., M s
1723-4
••
Do. : Mr. Davison.
Alexr. Edmonstoune (1721)
Archd. Ure (1715)
f^
- .' E!
1724-5
"
Do. ; Mr. Chisholm.
fSL
" " ^
1725-6
5)
Do. . Messrs. Hamilton
James Taitt (1704)
©
^ij
1726-7
,,
& Inches.
„ .. Q
GEO. II.
The " Bruce " cup : St. Salvador's,
Harry Beathune
1727-8
)>
St. Andrews.
(1704
V >. Q
Table spoon : Glasgow Exhib.
Patrick Graeme(i725
(3B
1728-9
't
Do. : S. Kensington Mus.
Salver f : Mr. Crawfurd.
Wm. Aytoun(i7i8
Wm. Jameson (1729
C3Q
ij" ® 0
I1729-3C
Archibald Ure.
~ The date-letters M, N, P and Z are each found
illustrated above.
ruck by punches of two different forms, as
462

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks,

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.

TABLE V.
FROM 1730 TO 1755 — twentyfive YEARS.
Four Stamps : The date-marks being Script capital letters (omitting J) mostly in square shields,
with clipped corners, as below.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

maker's name.

<Z) fi QO 0

date.

ASSAY
master's NAME.

Milk-jug : Lady Molesworth.

James

Anderson

Adm.
(1729)

I 730- I

Archibald Ure.

Communion cups : Kilsyth.

Hugh

Gordon

(1727)

Gj^

.. < m

I73I-2

"

Table spoon : Glasgow Exhib.

George

Forbes

(1731)

(^

" ' ©

1732-3

"

Com. cups : Birsay & Harray.

John

Main

(1729)

qS)

.. .. @

1733-4

))

Salver : Mr. Wm. Beattie.

Edw'rd

Lothian

(1731)

^

.. t. @

1734-5

tt

Spoon : Col. Esdaile ; com.
cups : Stow.

John

RoUo*

(1731)

03

•• •• a

1735-6

)J

Spoon : Mr. W. Smith ; com.
cups : Kinross.

Hugh

Penman

(1734)

m

•• •• @

1736-7

)»

Small mug : Mr. Crichton.

Alexander

Farquharson

('734)

0

ii ¦• IB

1737-8

t.

Waiter : Messrs. G.
Tea-pot : Messrs. Hamilton & Inches.

James Dougal

Ker Ged

(1723)(1734)

{£3

m

1738-9

))

Mug : Edinburgh Museum.

James

Ker

(1723)

m

" " m

1739-40

)J

Spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.
Spoon : The Marquess of Breadalbane.

Ebenr.

tl
Oliphant

(1737) (1737)

m

grao G9

1740-1

t

Hash spoon : Mr. Chisholm.
Spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

Law'ceWilliam

Oliphant
Aytoun

(1737)
(1718)

m]
cat

 a

I74I-2

t

Communion cups : Auldearn.

Robert

Gordon

(1741)

^

'• ^ SS

1742-3

t

Spoon : Mr. W. Smith ; com.
cups : Kirkcudbright.
Tea-pot : Messrs. Hamilton
& Inches.

Edwd. Chas.

Lothian Dickson

(1731) (1738)

03

1743-4
1744-5

t
Hugh
Gordon.

Mug : Mr. Chisholm ; Bapt.
basin : Kirkcaldy.

Ebenr.

Oliphant

(1737)

tS)

.. • m

1745-6

•'

Coffee urn : Mr. Crichton.

John

Kineard

(1726)

©

• •< @

1746-7

„

Spoon : Glasgow Exhib. ¦>
Sauce-boat : Mr. J. F. Lowe, j

(Not identified.)

S3

• •• @

1747-8

>t

Spoon : Mr. Davison.

William Gilchrist

(1736)

®

@

1748-9

))

Tea-pot : Mr. Iggulden.

Edward

Lothian

(1731)

%

.. .. 00

1749-50

tt

Ouaich : Glasgow Exhibit'n.
Salver : Mr. Bull.

Robert

Lowe

(1742)

wa

1750-1

"

Jas. Sterling's kettle & stand :
Glasgow Exhibition.

Ebenr.

Oliphant

(1737)

S3

1751-2

"

Table spoon : Mr. Chisholm.

James

McKenzie

(1747)

M

•• •• g3

1752-3

>)

Hash spoon : Glasgow Exn.
Small tray : Mr. W. Smith.

James John

Weems Edmonston

(1738) (1753)

mi

.. „ gj

1753-4

»

Sugar caster : Mr. W. Beattie.

Wm.

Davie

(1740)

!M

.. .. @

1754-5

»»

¦•¦¦¦ Afterwards Lord RoUo.
t Dougal Ged and Edward Lothian each stamped plate with his own
performing the assayer's duties.

mark while temporarily

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

463

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.

TABLE VI.
from 1755 TO 1780— TWENTYFIVE YEARS.
Four Stamps : The date-marks being Old English capitals (omitting £ and 5® but adding it)
in square shields with clipped corners as below.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

maker's name.

MAKER'S MARK.

TOWN ASSAY nATE
MARK. MASTERS LETTER
CASTLE. HARK. ^-^T^TLH.
fi OS @l

DATE.

Spoon : Messrs. McKay & Chisholm.

Ker & Dempster.

»i755-6

Do. : The Author.

Adm.
Rbt. Gordon (1741)

&

.. .. j§

1756-7

Small salver : Miss Forbes.
Spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.
Teapot : The Earl of Harrington.
Coffee pot : Messrs. Crichton.

Wm. Taylor (1753)
John Clark (1751)
Lothian & Robertson.
James Welsh (1746)

iSU

'• .• 0

1757-8

MWtJJ

THISTLE

SI758-9

Spoon : Mr. Chisholm.

James Gilsland (1748)

m

.' P @

1759-60

Sugar tongs : Glasgow Exhibition
Table spoons : Mr. Murdoch.

Alexr. Aitchison (1746)
Jas. Somervail (1754)

¦- .. 0

GEO. lit.
I760-I

Salver : Messrs. Hamilton & Inches.

John Robertson (1758)

EQ

.. .. CD

Table spoon : Mr. G. Lambert.
Do. : Mrs. Kerr.
Com. cups : Liberton, Edinburgh.

Wm. Dempster (1742)
John Welsh (1742)

1761-2 1762-3
Hash spoon : Messrs. ¦V\''ilson & Sharp.
John Taylor (1760)
f¥9
u
Snuffers tray : Miss Forbes.
James Hill (1746)
m
1763-4
Hash spoon : Mr. John Denholm.
Milne & Campbell ? f
@
.. .. 0
1764-5
Small mug : Mr. Sorley.
Table spoons : Colonel Milne.
Rbt. Clark (1763)
Wm. Drummond (1760)
.. .. a
1765-6
Table spoons : Mr. Smith ; and communion cup ;
Dundee.
John Stirling ? (1757)
£g
.. .. gS)
1766-7
Table spoons : Mr. Hough.
Do. : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Benjn. Tait (1763)
Gillsland & Ker
rami
•• " ^
1767-8
Do. ; Messrs. McKay & Chisholm.
Patk. Robertson (1751)
\M
.. " (SS)
I76S-9
Coffee pot : Edinburgh Museum.
Salt spoon : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
Daniel Ker (1764J
Rra
" " i
1769-70
Sugar spoon : Lord Breadalbane.
Small quaich : Do. do.
(Not identified).
James Gilsland (1748)
" '• d
I770-I
Teapot : Mr. W. Boore.
Wm. & Jno. Taylor
IB
.. . 1
1771-2
Soup ladle ; B'ham Assay Office.
Wm. Davie (1740)
\M
.. ., e
1772-3
Communion cups ; Lanark.
Quaich : Mr. Chisholm.
tt _ tl
Alexr. Gairdner (1754)
•• '• 1
1773-4
Teapot : Messrs. Crichton.
James Welsh (1746)
f«7!
. .. ©
1774-5
Plate noted by Mr. A. J. S. Brook.
.. .. m
1775-6
Sugar spoon : Mrs. Walker.
Wm. Davie (1740)
c^
" '• Q
1776-7
Table spoons : Mr. Davison.
James Dempster (1775)
UD
... ,. ij
1777-8
Tea urn : Edinburgh Museum.
Patk. Robertson (1751)
03
.> ... ^
1778-9
Sauce ladle : Mr. Chisholm.
James Hewitt (1750)
@
" M IS
1779-80
*'¦ The 31 has no cross line, and the ^ no crescent lines, as represented in " Old English
I Probably Milne & Campbell, of Glasgow.
Many of the above marks have been found on other articles too numerous to mention.
Plate."
464

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.
TABLE Vll.
FROM 1780 TO 1806  TWE.NTYSIX YEAKS.
FOUR STAMPS TILL 1784, THEREAFTER FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.
(See the observations on page 456 with reference to certain marks of this and the following cycles.)

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Table spoon ; Glasgow Exhi
bition of 1901.
Toasting fork : Lord Newlands.
Tea-spoons : Messrs. Smith &
Rait.

Do.

Do.

do.

Tea-pot : Messrs. Hamilton &
Inches.
Table spoons : Messrs. McKay &
Chisholm.
Salt cellar : Mr. Propert.
iMustard-pot : Mr. G. Lowe.
Hash-spoon : Mr. J. Barclay Murdoch.
Toddy-ladle : Glasgow Exhibition.
Ewer and basin : Tolbooth Ch.
Waiter on 3 feet : Mr. Lowe.
Tea-pot : Mr. W. Boore.
Sauce-boat : Mr. Nesbit.
Table spoon : Mr. E. Heron- Allen
iMustard-pot ; Messrs. Christie.
Com. cup : Fortingall.
Table spoon : Mr. Chisholm.
Com. cup : Tulliallan.
Spoon : Lord Breadalbane.
Spoon : Messrs. iSIcKay & Chisholm.
Com. cups : Symington & Dun
lop.
Hash spoons : Mr. Chisholm.
Table spoons : Do.
Do. : Do.
Cup : Glasgow Exhibition.
Marrow spoon : Messrs.Crichton.
Tea-spoons : }itr. E. Eggleton.

MAKER S NAME.

W. & P. Cunningham. Adm.
David Downie (1770)
Fras. Howden (1781)
Robt. Bowman (1780)
Alex. Edmonston (1779)
David Marshall (1782)
James Dempster (i775)
Thos. Duffus (1780)
Alex. Gairdner (1754)
James Douglas (1785)
W. & P. Cunningham.
Geo. Christie (1791)
Alex. Zeigler (1782)
Peter Mathie (1774)
Wm. Robertson (1789)
Alex. Henderson (1792
Geo. Christie (1791
Alex, Spence (1783)
W.& P.Cunningham.
Thos. Duffus (1780)
-Alex. Graham & Co. ?
W. & P. Cunningham.
John /^^eigler (1798
Fras. Howden (1781)
Matt. Craw.
Wm. Auld (1788)
Simon Cunningham (1800)
(iVot identified.)

TOWN ,,,T..
MARk UATE
CASTLE THISTLE LETTER

ran HEAD.
m a
BD @
as ¦'
ODJ m
(^ t
[33 •
EID
ragii 0
ran ran
(® "
C0 '

I 0 ED
S
ES m
m
ESI
un E9 Ep
^ I 1798-9
i 9
01

1780-1I78I-2
1782-3
1783-4
¦1784-5 1785-6
ti786-7-J 1788-9
+1789-90 1790-11791-2 1792-3
§1793-4 1794-5 1795-6 1796-7 1797-8

I7J59
I Soo

I 800- I
1801-2 1802-3 1803-4 1804-5 1805-6

" The King's head mark (incuse) which first came into use on the ist Dec, 1784, is not to be
found on plate which was stamped with tlie date-letter E before that day.
t The date-letter G was used in the latter part of 1786, the whole of 1787, and the first part of
1788, and with that letter the King's-head mark is found both incuse and cameo.
X The letter I was used in the latter part of 1789, followed by J, which continued to be used
until September 1790.
§ In some instances the letter N of 1793-4 is found in a shield, the top of which extends on each
side slightly beyond the vertical line, and the base of which is not angular but finishes in a point
with a waved line on each side.

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

465

MARICS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.
TABLE VIII.
FROM 1806 TO 1832 — TWENTY-SIX YEARS.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.
(See the observations on page 456 with reference to certain marks of this and the preceding cycle.)

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Tea-spoons : Miss Forbes.
Salt spoons : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
Communion cup : Kelso.
Cup : Messrs. R. & W. Sorley.
Punch-bowl: Mr. Geo. B. Murdoch.
Teapot : Messrs. Hamilton & Inches.
Snuff-box : The Earl of Ancaster.
Plaid brooch : Glasgow Exhibition.
Cup : Messrs. R. & W. Sorley.
Quaich : Do. do.
Table spoons : Glasgow Exhibition.
Tea-spoon : Lord Breadalbane.
Beer jug : Messrs. Crichton.
Toddy ladle : Mr. Skinner.
Salt spoons : Mr. Arthur.
Punch ladle : Messrs. Mackay & Chisholm.
Table forks : Mr. J. R. Garstin, F.S.A.
Nutmeg box : iMr. FitzHenry.
Quaich : Messrs. Mackay & Chisholm.
Waiter : Messrs. Hamilton & Inches.
Meat skewer : Mr. Davison.
Toddy ladle : Messrs. Mackay &
Chisholm.
Table spoon : Do. do.
Ouaich : Lord Breadalbane.
Punch ladle : Mr. George Young.
Tea-set : Messrs. Hamilton & Inches.
Punch ladle : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
Tea-spoons : Messrs. Mackay &
Chisholm.
Dessert spoon : B'm'ham Assay Office.
Punch-bowl : Messrs. R. & W. Sorley.
Toddy ladle : Messrs. Mackay &
Chisholm.
Small mug : Mr. W. Boore.

MAKER S NAME.

Robert Green ?¦¦¦•"
Cunningham &
Simpson.
(Not identified).
Do. do. t
George Fenwick.
John McDonald.
Robt. Gray & Son
(of Glasgow)
Math. Craw.
Alexr. Henderson.
J. McKay.t
Frs. Howden.
R. K. (a Perth maker).
Wm. Zeigler.
Js. & Wm. Marshall.
Chas. Dalgleish.
J. McKay.
Do. do.
Redpath & Arnot.
J'n'th'n Millidge ?
Frs. Howden.
Do. do.
Redpath & Arnot.
Alexr. Zeigler.
Marshall & Sons.
J. McKenzie ? X
J. McKay.
Leon'd Urquhart.
{Not identified).
J. McKay.
Do. do.
Peter Sutherland.

MARK. HEAD. c"J^£^ THISTLE. LETTER
OZEjJ "
aa ¦.
wd "
Eia EEB ••
ran ••
EH S3 j "
EEB "
QB SD "
Wf\ "
GB Q
fgna .,
CS
SES "
nm
xm "
EES '¦
I. ••

LSniR

DATE.

@

1806-7

05

1807-8

@

1808-9

SI

1809-10

IB

181O-I

B

181I-2

@

1812-3

0)

1813-4

Q

1814-5

0

1815-6

Q

1816-7

Q

1817-8

05

§1818-9

ED

1819-20

B3

GEO. IV.
1820-1

C9

182I-2

@

1822-3

Q

1823-4

@

1834-5

G

1825-6

CP

1826-7

Q

1827-8

^

1828-9

0

1829-30

0

1830-1

B

1831-2

* Or Robert Grierson.
t The names of John Hay, J. Haldane, Jas. Haxton, John Henderson and John Horn occur about
this time ; the initials I H might pertain to any one of these.
t The names of James Mackie, John ? McKay, and James McKenzie occur between 1773 and
1845. The mark JMc which is most probably that of John McKay (adm. 1793), has been found from
1803 to 1845 ; the mark M^ is probably that of Jas. McKenzie.
S The date-letter m on Mr, Garstin's forks has a small round hole indented between each limb
of the letter, 30

466

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.

TABLE IX.
FROM 1832 TO 1857 — TWENTYFIVE YEARS.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

maker's name.

MAKER'S MARK.
fwFW

DATE.

Sauce-boat : Messrs. G.

Marshall & Sons.

1832-3

Snuff-box : Birm. Assay Office.

Jas. Nasmyth.

fiS

tt

tt

tt

m

1833-4

Tea-spoon : Do. do.

{Not identified).

(SO)

*•

tt

tt

@

1834-5

Table spoon : Do. do.

Elder & Co.

nrasH

t*

tt

»t

@

1835-6

Tea-spoons & ladle : Marquess
of Breadalbane.
Small quaich : Do. do.

R. & R.Keay, of Perth.
J. McKay.

"

»»

a

1836-7
VICTORIA. 1837-8

Table spoon : Mr. Drummond,
of Stirling.

A.D. (see the Arbroath
Marks).

t*
ft
t»
@
1838-g
Large salver : Mr. Chisholm.
Jas. Howden & Co.
BTTO
"
tt
g)
1839-40
Snuff-box : Messrs. Spink.
Jas. Nasmyth & Co.
tma
w.'
El
I 840- I
Sauce-ladle : The Marquess of
Breadalbane.
Geo. Jameson, of Aber
deen.
pn
0
m
1841-2
Small waiter : Mr. Falk.
Marshall and Sons
I7R5)
-
19
1842-3
Goldsmiths' Hall Plate, Edinbr.
"
(!9
1843-4
Table spoons : Mr. Chisholm.
J. McKay.
ma
-
m
1844-5
Goldsmiths' Hall Plate, Edinbr.
Tea-spoon : The Marquess of
Breadalbane.
'¦'D G as Canongate
L. 1836 (page 473).
tt
1845-61846-7
Cream jug : Messrs. Christie.
Marshall & Sons.
fSE^
"
m
1847-8
Table spoon : Glasgow Exhibn.
J. Hay.
Bin
»t
@
1848-9
Hash spoon : The Makers.
Mackay & Chisholm.
feB(i(
t*
^
1849-50
Table spoon : Do.
Do. do.
..
»»
m
I 850- I
Goldsmiths' Hall Plate, Edinbr.
t *
@
1851-2
Do. do. do.
1 1
D
1852-3
Do. do. do.
tt
H
1853-4
Do. do. do.
Chas. Robb.
133
tt
Q
1854-5
Do. do. do.
J. Hay.
PI'.I
It
m
1855-6
Do. do. do.
{}iot identified).
fS9
tt
fl
@
1856-7
¦•* The maker's mark " D G " on Lord Breadalbane' s tea-spoon (above) is identical with the mark
on a Canongate toddy ladle of about 1836, and a Perth tea-spoon with Edinburgh marks for 185S-6
It is probably the mark of David Greig, junr., of Perth, (and possibly of Canongate about 1836)
The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

467

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.

TABLE X.
FROM 1857 TO 1882 — TWENTYFIVE YEARS.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

maker's NAME.

DATE.

Goldsmiths' HaU Plate, Edinbr.

J. &W. MarshaU.

1857-8

Do. do. do.

Jonthn. Millidge ?

Ei2j .. ..

m

1858-9

Do. do. do.

(Not identified).

EH " "

a

1859-60

Fruit knife : Museum of Antiq.,
Edinburgh.

Alex. Hay.

^ " "

.. eg

1860-I

Goldsmiths' Hall Plate, Edinbr.

J. Asherheim.

m " ••

1861-2

Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.

R. L. Christie.
J. E. Vernon.

. Q

1862-3

Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.

Wm. Crouch.
D. Blackley.
W. J. McDonald.
Wm. Marshall.
Elder & Co.
J. Smith or Scott.
D. & J. Sanderson.
Cockburn & McDonald.

r.'n:yi .. "
nrraa •> "
nsi .. ..
KM

00 0
0
0

1863-41864-5
1865-61866-7
1867-8

Tea-pot : Lord Newlands.

Geo. Edwards & Son.

M " "

.. ffl

1868-9

Goldsmiths' Hall Plate, Edinbr.

J. Hamilton & Son.

JHAEON " • »
OC0.9T

• 0

1869-70

Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.

George Laing.
Walter Neil.
Wm. Carstairs.
Carlisle & Watt.
W. Fraser.

SS •• ••
fc'.^.M
ram " "
1713

® G

1870-I1871-2

Do. do. do.

Jas. Aitchison.

©

1872-3

Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.

J. Johnston.
Jas. Hamilton.
John Crichton.

mnsn
fsnsB

©

1873-4
1874-5

HMW-.ii.:ii.i:i

Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.

M. Crichton.
Robb & Whittet.

EEES ,, '

0 (9

1875-61876-7

Do. do. do.

C. or J. Gray.

m?a " "

0

1877-8

Do. do. do.

Mackay & Chisholm.

l>iy^j 11 ..

¦ ©

1878-9

Do. do. do.

J. Crichton.

U!l ..

• 0

1879-80

Do. do. do.

Hamilton & Inches.

ISWI .. ..

0

1880-I

Do. do. do.

It i»
e
1881-2
468

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON EDINBURGH PLATE.

TABLE XI.
FROM 1882 TO 1903. FIVE STAMPS TILL 189O, THENCEFORWARD FOUR ONLY, AS BELOW.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Goldsmiths' Hall Plate, Edinbr
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.

Do.Do.Do.Do.

do.do.do.do.

do.
do.do.
do.

Do. do. do.
" Bute " cup : Cardiff Corp'n.
Goldsmiths' Hall Plate, Edinbr,
Do. do. do.

Do.Do.Do.Do.
Do.Do.Do.
Do. Do. Do.Do. Do.Do.Do.

do.do.do.do.
do do.
do.do.do. do. do.do. do.do.

do. do.
do.do. do.
do.
do. do.do. do.do.do. do.do.

Plate of the Makers.

MAKER ;

NAME.

Wm.

Knaggs.

Hamilton &

Inches.

Mackay &

Chisholm.

Jas.

Duncan.

Milne of Aberdeen.

W. Cro uch& Sons.

Hamilton &

Inches.

J. Crichton & Co.

Jas.

Duncan.

Brook &

Son.

J. Crichton & Co.

Lewis Latimer &
Jas.

Cohen.Sons.
Duncan.

D.

Crichton.

J. Crichton & Co.

McDonald & Home.
J. Hardy & Co.

W. Crouch & Sons.

W. & J. Milne.
Hamilton & Inches.
Thos. Johnston.
Young & Tatton.

Jas.

Brook &

Robertson.

Son.

THISTLE. LETTER

Bin
i.'.n<.tn

Rial

Ei3

IW.MiVifct fssy

l.'/Tll.'l

i ©
00
0@
0@
@ 0
o 0(D 0@ 00© 00 0

882-3883-4
884-5
885-6
886-7
887-8
888-9
889-90

892-3 893-4894-5 895-6 896-7897-8 898-9 1899 1900
900-1
EDW. VII.
901-2 902-3

Marks on Edinburgh-wrought Gold.
For gold 22 carats fine, the marks were the same as for plate until 1844, when the mark 22 was
ordered to be added, to denote its fineness. A lower standard for gold— 18 carats fine— had been
authorised in 1798, since which date the mark 18 (as prescribed) has (in addition to the marks
illustrated in the tables), been stamped on such gold to denote its quality. In 1854 three still
lower standards, of 15 carats, 12 carats and g carats fine, respectively, were authorised, for which
the marks ^^'625, ^ '5, and cn-375 respectively were prescribed, in addition to those illustrated
in the tables.

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

469

EDINBURGH GOLDSMITHS.

SUCCESSION OF DEACONS OF THE INCORPORATION OF
GOLDSMITHS FROM 1525 TO 1681.
(After 1681 the Deacon's Mark was not Stamped on Plate).
The Deacon was the prime warden, or president of the Incorporation, and was elected to serve
for one year, at the end of which he retired from office unless re-elected. The dates which precede
the names indicate the terms during which the diaconate was held by the respective deacons.
The Author is indebted to Mr. A. J. S. Brook, F.S.A., Scot., for the foUowing list, which was
with the greatest possible care transcribed by Mr. Brook from the books of the Incorporation for the
pages of " Old Scottish Communion Plate,"''' where the list first appeared.
It will be observed that the spelling of several of the names is varied in the tables and in this
and the following list. In some parts of the records from which these lists have been compiled, the
names are spelled in one way, and in other parts quite differently. Again, when goldsmiths have
signed their names to early documents and to entries in old minute books, the orthography is often
found to be quite different from that of the same names in the body of the document or entry in
minute book. For example "William Cok" and "Wilham Cokie" refer to the same man. In the
same way " George Craufurd " is also " George Craufuird," "Adame Lamb " is "Adam Lamb." In
the sixteenth century, and later, goldsmiths, like other good citizens, were often illiterate and this
kind of eccentric spelling was quite common.

Date.

1525-'1526-1529- 1530- 1531-
1532- 1534-1535-1536-15371537 1539-1542-1544-1547-1548' 1550 1551
1552 1555155615581561 1562156315651568
¦ 157157415751577 1579
1581'1582-1583- 1584-1585-1587- 1589.1591159615971598

67 30 1
¦2 3 5
6

40 3 5
89 I
¦ 2
-3-4 7
9

8-9
-80-1 2
3 4 568-9
-go- 1
2-3-4-57

Deacon's Name.

Adam
Thomas Micheall
James Allane
John George Thomas
John Thos. ¦
Richard William Do.
Johne Archibald
Johne

Leis
Rynd Gilbert Cokkie MossmanKyle
Heriot
Rynde RyndeRynde Young
Rynd do.
Kyle MaissoneGilbert

Johne Micheall
Thomas No deacon elected,
Thomas Ewing

KyleRyndEwing f

(see 1526)
(see 1535)
(see 1532)
(see 1544)

MicheallThomasGeorge
James George
James Adam DavidGeorge WilliamEdward
David EdwardThomasGeorge
John Adame
George WilliamDavidDanieUGeorge

(see 1552)
(see 1529)
(see 1556)

Gilbert Ewing
Rind Cokt
Heriot t
MosmanCraige
Denneistoun Heriot t (see 1565)
Cokie, otherwise Cok t
HairtDenneistoun (see 1574^
HairtAnnand

Date.

Heriot t
Mosman f

(see 1579.
(see 1575)

Craige
Heriott Cokt
Heriot t
Craufuird fjr.)
Heriot (Jr.)

(see 1572)
(see 1584)
(see 1577)

i5g9-i6oo-i
1601-2-31603-41604-51605-6-71607-81608-9-101610-11611-2-3 1613-4-51615-6-7 1617-8-9i5ig-20-i 1621-21623-4-51625-6-7 1627-8-g
i62g-30-i 1631-2-31633-4-51635-6-71637-8-91639-40 1640-1-2
16421642-3-41644-5-6 1646-7-8
i648-g-5o 1650-11651-2-31653-4 1654-51655-6-7 1657-8-g
i65g-6o-i1661-2-31663-4-51665-6-71667 -8-g
i66g-70-i
1671-2-31673-41674-51675-6-71677-8-g i67g-8o-i

Deacon's Name.

David
George GeorgeRobert George George RobertGeorgeDavid
JamesGeorge
JohnJames George GilbertAlex.Adame Alex.
Jas.George Adame
Jon Adame Thos.
JohnJas. Adame
Jon George
NicoUJas. Andro

Heriot f
FoullisHeriot f
Cokie
FoullisHeriot

(see I5g6)
(see 1589)
see 1601)
see 1603)
Denneistoun f
Fowlis (see 1605)
Palmer f
Denneistoun f
Craufuird f
Lindsay j
Denneistounf(see 1613)
Craufuird f (see 1615)
Kirkwood f
Reidt
Lamb t
Reid t (see 1625)
Denneistount(see 1619)
Craufuird f (see 1621)
Lamb j (see 1627)
Scott t
Lamb f (see 1635)
Clyghorne f
Fraser (?) f
Denneistoun (see 1631)
Lamb f (see 1635)
Scott t (see 1637)
Cleghorne \
Trotter f
Fairbairne f
Burrell f

'OW Scottish Communion Plate" by T. Burns and A. J. S,

f His mark either as maker or deacon appears in the preceding tables.

The same (probably, but not recorded).
George Cleghorne j (see 1648
Jas. Fairbairne f (see 1651
Andrew Burrell j" (see 1653)
Patrick Borthwick f
Edward Cleghorne t
Jas. Symontoun t
Alex Scott t
Alex Reid t
Edward Cleghorne f (see 1663)
Thomas Cleghorne f (see 1640!
Alex Reid f (see 1669)
William Law t
Alex Reid t (see 1674)
Edward Cleghorne f (see 167 1)
Brook (Edinburgh R. R. Clark 1892)

470

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

SUPPLEMENTARY

GOLDSMITHS

LIST OF EDINBURGH
FROM 1525 TO I7g8.
The marks of the undermentioned goldsmiths not having been found by the Author, their names
do not appear in the preceding tables. Their names are, however, recorded in the minutes of the
Incorporation as having been admitted to its privileges, each in the year set opposite the name below.

Date.

Name of Goldsmith.

1525

William

Henrie

1526

Robert

„

Patrick

1529

James

John

1530

Thomas

James

1532

Thomas

J)

John

James
1534
Walter
Robert
1535
John
1536
Patrick
George
,,
Alexander
1539
Nichol
I>
Robert
Adam
1547
William
WiUiam
,,
John
))
George
William
1551
William
1557
Hew
1558
Alexander
Robert
Edward
))
Andro
I56I
Mungo
J,
Gavin
»)
Adame
1563
Henrie
1564
John
1567
Michael
Thomas
„
James
1573
John
David
„
James
1574
Michael
1575
George
James
1577
James
1580
WiUiam
I58I
Thomas
1586
WiUiam
1587
John
1588
John
1589
Robert
)>
George
1591
John
,J
James
1594
James
1597
Andro
))
Johne
>)
Robert
1598
James
Curror
Young Melvin
Lindsay
AchiesonAchieson Mosman
Kyle Wood Vaitche
Brown CokburneCraige
MosmanGray
Allane Mosman
SymeRyndDenneistoun BassintaineAitken
Bassintyne
Law Touris
Uric Mosman
Gilbert MurrayBassintyne
Gray Brydie Frechman
Allane
Stalker Mosman
Heriot Frechman
StalkerBarrane Mylne
Cok SymeHeirysone
Mosman
LumsdaineDuncane FoullisStalker
LindsayCuninghame
Thompson Craufuird
Duncane
Craufuird
HeriotStalker
Lamb Fairlie
McAulay
15981599i5oo
16011603
1605 11
1606
1608i6og
1610
1616
1618
i6ig1624
162716351636
1643
1644
165316581662
166316641666
166816721673
167416811686
1687
1696
1697 >>
1700
1702 1)
1703
17061709
171017141715
171917201722
Name of Goldsmith.
JamesAdameWiUiam
John
JohnArchibald
James James Hercules
David
Andro Thomas
JamesWilliam
David William
JamesJamesAlexanderGeorgeJohn
JamesDavid
RobertJohn William
RobertSamuelThomas
JohnAndrew
Zacharias William
JohnWilliam
John WilliamAndro Thos.
Geo.AndrewEdwardAdam
Robt.John Wm.
John Robt.Richd.Hugh
Wm.
Chas.
Robert Thos.
Jas.Thos.Geo.Thos.
John Jas.
Denneistoun Wilsone
Stalker (Jr.)
Galbraith BrownCokie
StalkerMcAulay (Jr.)
WeddellThomson
BoyesCraufuird
Stalker CrichtonHaldane
Craufuird
Cunynghame
Aytoun Heriot
Robertsone (Jr.)
Myln
McAulay (3rd)
BagLoweLeishman Gray
Gibsone Meickle
Cleghorne Cockburn
Merstoun Mellinus
RaeThreiplandWallaceAikman
Law
Gilmour Hutcheson
MayneLaw (Jr.)
Cleghorne (Jr.)
Gordon
Scott Yorstoune
Burtoun Penman
Craig
Rae Law
Law (Jr.)
Duncan
Robertson Mitchell
Yorstoune Leslie
Yorstoun (Jr.)
HayCumming
Scott
77?^ Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF EDINBURGH GOLDSMITHS'— COnim«e(i.

471

Date.

Name

OF Goldsmith.

Date.

Name

OF Goldsmith.

1726

Chas.

McKenzie

1768

Ronald

McDonald

1732

Patk.

Murray (Jr.)

1770

Geo.

Beech

1734

Jas.

Campbell

>)

.Alexr.

Aitchison (Jr.)

1736

Alexr.

Campbell

1772

Archibald

Ochiltree

Jas.

Hally

1773

Jas.

Mackie

1743

Robt.

Hope

Jos.

Ritchie

1753

Peter

Spalding

1775

Jas.

McKenzie

1754

Geo.

Auld

1778

Wm.

Hewit

Benj.

Coots

1779

Benj.

Buchanan

J,

Jas.

Craig

1782

Neil

Paton

1760

Alexr.

Reid

1783

Wm.

McKenzie

)t

Jas.

Reid

1786

Robt.

Swan

)»

Wm.

Ker

1788

John

Simpson

Jas.
Oliphant
1789
Saml.
Kerr
1763
John
Anderson
1791
Thos.
Sempill
1764
Thos.
.Anderson
1796
Geo.
Bayne
1765
Adam
Davie
1798
John
Cunningham
1768
John
Irvine
Robt.
Hamilton
CANONGATE (Edinburgh).
Canongate, now an integral part of Edinburgh, and never divided by canongate was
in early times a
more than the narrowest boundary line from the Scottish metropolis, ^jfjhYt'ow?
was in early times a distinct and separate burgh, with its own guilds, inco'rpofation of
Hammermen.
and chartered incorporations. As was very commonly the case, in
provincial towns, the goldsmiths of Canongate were associated with other
trades, such as blacksmiths, whitesmiths and coppersmiths, with whom
they were incorporated under the comprehensive term of " Hammermen."
Mr. Mackay* says that "disputes were of frequent occurrence
between the trades of the Canongate and those of the city of Edinburgh,
on account of members of the craft of one burgh attempting to execute
work within the liberties of the other, and whenever 'Ratification' of a
Charter was granted to one, 'Protestatioun' was taken either to Parliament
or to the magistrates and council ' that the granting of the samyn should
be no ways prejudicial to the privileges and liberties of the trades and
the remanent of the Incorporation ' of the other."
The Canongate mark was a stag's head. In the earliest example canongate
^ mark, a stag's
of its plate which the author has found, the mark is a stag lodged, and *""=*
in some of the later examples an additional mark of an anchor wreathed
" History of the Burgh of Canongate."
472 The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
CANONGATE (EDINBURGH)  continued.
about with a cable is seen. A stag's head erased, charged between the
antlers with a cross crosslet fitchee, was the crest of the burgh, and, as
illustrated below, it is to be seen on several buildings within its ancient
boundaries, and in the old burgh seal.

No cross between In all thc known examples of Canongate plate there is no cross
the antlers in any
sta°nTp".''''"^ between the antlers of the stag's head in the town-mark. The head,
moreover, although in the majority of instances erased, is sometimes
couped. The author has not succeeded in tracing the connection of the
stag lodged and the anchor, with the stag's head, and, in the absence of
evidence, refrains from making a suggestion. The anchor wreathed
about with a cable is the Edinburgh crest, and if the ancient records of
Canongate were brought to light, both the stag lodged and the anchor
might be found to have been "charges" in the ancient coat of arms of
the burgh. The only goldsmith's name in connection with Canongate which can
with certainty be stated at present is that of M. Hinchsliffe. His mark
appears in the eighth line of the following table. An exhaustive ex
amination of the minutes of the Hammermen's Incorporation might
result in connecting names with all the marks, but the author has not
been able to get access to any minute books and cannot even say that
they are preserved.
Only a very small amount of plate (consisting of spoons and ladles)
appears to have emanated from Canongate since the end of the
eighteenth century. The author has been unable to ascertain that
any plate at all was wrought by any member of the old Canongate
Guild later than 1836. Before the middle of the nineteenth century
the guild was extinct.
The example on which the first line of marks is found — a spoon in
the Edinburgh Museum of Antiquities — would, from its general character.

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

473

CANONGATE (EDINBURGH) — Continued.
have been ascribed by the author to a date about half a century later
than that which it bears, but the inscribed lettering and date appear to
be perfectly genuine, and although the stem is suggestive of the middle
of the seventeenth century, the earlier form is preserved in the bowl, and
therefore may perhaps be fairly described as a very early Scottish
example, or variety, of the type of spoon which was adopted in England
about the time ofthe restoration of Charles II.

CANONGATE GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.

FROM ABOUT I580 TO ABOUT 1836.
(The dates are approximate, except to the extent that the inscribed dates may be relied on.)

DATE
(about).

1680i6g5
17601763
1790 TO {

1836

(S® ^^ HB
iS^ ^ ({g
0 Q 0OB

MAKER S NAME.

M. Hinchsliffe.

fDavid Greig (?)

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Spoon, with flat stem, dated I58g : Edinburgh
Museum of Antiquities.
Two com. cups, carried olf i68g, recovered
i6g7 : Flisk.
Two com. cups, dated i6g6: Bolton, Had
dington.
Table spoon,"-" " double drop " back of bowl :
Glasgow Exhibition, of igoi.
Two com. cups, dated 1763 : Auchtertool.
Table spoon (fiddle pattern) : Rev. J. Carr.

Tea spoon (fiddle pattern) : The Marquess of
Breadalbane.
Tea spoons (fiddle pattern) : The Marquess
of Breadalbane and the Author.
Table spoon (fiddle pattern) : Mr. Chisholm.

Toddy ladle (fiddle pattern) : Mr. Dudley
Westropp.

Mr. A. J. S. Brook has a spoon with these marks, and an additional mark of a large Roman
letter L in a square punch, 'Vide " Old Scottish Communion Plate," 56g.
t See Edinburgh marks. Table IX. (1846-7), and the Perth table.

474

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

CHAPTER XX.
THE GLASGOW GOLDSMITHS
AND THEIR MARKS.

Glasgow gold
smiths were
associated with
other crafts as an
Incorporation of
Hammermen.

Disappearance
of much of the
early Glasgow
plate accounted
for.

Glasgow, although not always, as it now is, the largest and most
populous town in Scotland, may well claim premier place amongst the
Scottish provincial burghs, because of its importance as a centre of the
goldsmith's art or craft, both in the past and present.
The Glasgow goldsmiths were incorporated with other metal workers,
saddlers and belt-makers under the designation of "Hammermen." They
were incorporated by a "Seal of Cause" granted by the Town Council
of Glasgow, with the concurrence of the Archbishop (Gavin Dunbar) on
the 14th October, 1536.
The only existing minute-book of the Incorporation runs from 1616
to 17 1 7. The earliest book, and another extending from 171 7 to 1775.
have been lost. From the existing book of the Incorporation, supple
mented by extracts from the Burgess rolls and directories, the list of
names which follows the tables has been compiled.* The names of
members of all trades who were not likely to have been concerned with
goldsmith's work have been excluded from the list, but because in the
old days the goldsmith's art, or some branch of it, was frequently
exercised by jewellers and watch and clock-makers, the names of such as
followed those trades have been retained.
No Glasgow plate of earlier date than 1685 is known to the author,
and the earliest known Glasgow-marked communion plate is of the year
1697. The disappearance of plate of earlier date is accounted for by
entries of proclamations in the old Burgh Records ; the following may
be taken as an example of many such: — " 15th June, 1639. Proclamatioun
anent Silver Plait. The said day it is ordanit that publicatioun be made throw
the toun, be sound of drum, that the inhabitantis of this brughe bring their haill'j'
silver plait, to be bestowit in defence of the good comoun cause in hand, conforme
¦•¦¦ The author is indebted to Messrs. W. c^ R. Sorley, of Glasgow, for the list of Hammermen.
f haill=whole, unimpaired.

The Goldsmiths of Glasgow. 475
to the ordinance of. the committee at Ed"-, and ordaines James Stewart lait
provest, Walter Stirling, deane of gild, John Barnes and Gawaine Nisbit to attend
upon the ressauing® of the said silver plait, and to meitt the days following at
nine houris." The Glasgow town-mark is the burgh arms, which are : — "Argent, on jhe Glasgow
a mount in base an oak tree proper, the trunk surmounted by a salmon
proper with a signet ring in its mouth, or, on the top of the tree a red
breast, and on the sinister fesse-point a hand-bell both proper." It is
commonly called the "fish, tree and bell" mark. The marshalling of
these charges is not strictly followed in the mark, which differs very
considerably at times. In some examples the bell is on the dexter fesse-
point. The bird and salmon are generally "to dexter" but occasionally
" to sinister." In most of the early examples the salmon is placed below
the trunk of the tree, where the mount should be, and in nearly all cases
the size of the bird and fish is Brobdignagian compared with that of the
oak-tree. In many cases the letter G (for Glasgow) occupies the
sinister fesse-point and the letter is sometimes reversed. As appears to
have been the case in some other burghs, each of the Glasgow gold
smiths in the old times had a " town-mark " punch of his own. In the
case of one maker — William Clerk — his surname, in full, is actually in
the field of the burgh-mark.
In 1 68 1 a date-letter appears to have been adopted, con tempo- oate-ietters used
in the latter part
raneously, in all probability, with the first use of the variable letter in °J,d'eari7parto?
Edinburgh, but its use was discontinued about 17 10, and it is not again centurlesro"Glasgow plate,
found to have been regularly used until 1819. From that year it has
been used without interruption. Between 1763 and 1770 the letters E
and F — which may have been date-letters or possibly deacons' marks —
are found on plate made by Adam Graham, but there is no evidence to
prove that they were either the one or the other.
From about 1730 to about 1800, the letter S in variously shaped
punches was generally used in addition to the town and maker's marks.
There is no evidence to prove the meaning of this letter or by what
authority it was added. It is clear however that it cannot be a date-
letter, and the probable and generally accepted explanation is that it stood
for standard or sterling (S being the initial of both words) whereby plate
so marked was guaranteed as of standard or sterling quality, just as the
word "sterling" in full, was struck on plate made at Chester, Cork
and some other towns.
•¦¦¦¦ reassauing=resaving, receiving ; i.e., to attend at the receiving of the plate.

476

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

A regular assay-
ofhce established
in Glasgow, in
1819.

The Glasgow
assayer directed
to weigh plate in
water, and to
try the effect of
magnetism.

Marks prescribed
by Act of iSrg.

A mark which at first sight may be mistaken for a date-letter is
found on plate made between 1760 and 1800. It is the Roman letter
O in a square punch with the corners clipped, and is found on all or
nearly all the plate manufactured by Milne and Campbell. It cannot
therefore be a date-letter. The same letter, sloping backwards diagonally,
is found in a perfectly square punch on plate made by John Donald
(1785-95), while on other plate by the same maker the customary S (for
sterling or standard) is found. It would be interesting to know the
meaning of this letter O, but the author is unable to make a sugges
tion regarding it, except that as it is not found together with the letter
S, it may, as an alternative mark, have been an indication of quality ;
possibly Old standard.
There appears to be no evidence of the existence of a regular assay
at Glasgow before 1819. Having regard to the variety in the form of
the " town-mark " used by different makers at the same time, the pre
sumption is to the contrary. However that may have been, an assay
office was established in Glasgow by the Statute 59 Geo. III. c. 28
(18 1 9) which constituted the Glasgow Goldsmiths' Company a body
corporate, and gave to it powers and placed it under regulations similar
to those which were subsequently defined by the Act 6 and 7 Wm.
IV. c. 69 with reference to Edinburgh.
The Act established a district comprising Glasgow and forty miles
round it, and required that all plate made in that district should be
assayed at the office of the company. It provided also for the election
of new members to fill up vacancies in the corporation.
The Act contains an extraordinary direction to the assayer : He is
required to weigh the plate in water and try the effect of magnetism !
The selling of plate made in the district not having the marks
appointed by the Act, subjects the off'ender to forfeiture of the plate or
its value, to which by the later Act is added a further penalty of ^100
in respect of every piece of plate sold without being marked as
prescribed. The marks prescribed by the Act are : —
(i) The lion rampant (the standard mark) ;
(2) The city arms — a tree, fish and bell (the town-mark) ;
(3) The maker's mark — the initials of his name ;
(4) A variable letter or date mark ; and
(5) The sovereign's head — the duty mark.

The Goldsmiths of Glasgow. 477
The standard for silver is 1 1 oz. 2 dwt. fine; the higher quality
(i I oz. 10 dwt. fine) may be used, in which case the figure of "Britannia"
is to be added to the above marks.
The additional marks indicating the several qualities of gold are the
same as at Edinburgh.
The duty mark was abolished on the repeal of the duty on plate
May 28th, 1890. All the other marks continue in use.
Pursuant to the above Statute the use of the date-letter was
resumed in 18 19 with the Roman capital A. The letter is changed in
the autumn of each year, and from 18 19 each cycle has consisted of
twentysix years. In each cycle an entire alphabet of twentysix letters
has been used.
It will be observed on referring to Table III. of the Glasgow
marks which follows hereon, that the lion rampant was used before its
statutory appointment in 1819.
By the courtesy of the Glasgow Incorporation and their Assay
Master, the author has been furnished with impressions of the marks
used from 1871 to 1903, from which Tables VI. and VII. have been
compiled. The makers' marks which follow the tables have also been
reproduced from the impressions struck in the copper plates at the
assay office. The date when each of these maker's marks was
registered is not recorded.

478

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON GLASGOW PLATE.

TABLE I.
FROM ABOUT 1681 TO I706.
Four Stamps, in the order represented below. The town-mark being stamped between the
duplicated maker's mark, the date-letter last.
The date following a maker's name is that of his admission to the Incorporation of Hammermen.

i68r-2
1682-3
1683-41684-51685-6
1686-71687-8
i688-g
i68g-go i6go-ii6gi-2
i6g2-3 i6g3-4i6g4-5
i6g5-6 i6g5-7 i6g7-8 i6g8-g i6gg1700
1700-1
1701-2 1702-3
1703-4
1704-51705-6

MAKER'S TREE. MAKER'S
MARK. flSH & MARK.
BELL.

a c
b t
k i
III tt 0
Vt
X

maker s name.

Robert Brook (1673)

8

m

?

Robert Brook (1673)
Wm. Clerk (i6g3)
Robert Brook (1673)
John Luke."*
James Luke (i6g2;

articles and owners.

Date and date-letter conjectured.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Do. do. do.
Table spoon, fiat stem, trifid end
Messrs. Crichton.
Date and date-letter conjectured.

Do.
Do.
Do.Do.Do.
Do.
Do.Do.Do.

do.
do.do.do.
do.do.do.
do.do.

do.
do.do.do.
do.do.do.do.do.

Thos.John Do.

Cumming (1683)
Luke, jr. (i6gg)

do.

do.

Communion cup dated i6g7 :
Hamilton.
Date-letter conjectured.
Quaich : Glasgow Exhib., igoi.
Two com. cups : Strathblane.
Rat-tail spoon, trifid end: The
Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.
Ral-tail spoon, trifid end : Glasgow Exhibi
tion, igoi ; also communion cups dated
1703 : Renfrew.
Date and date-letter conjectured.

Do.

do.

do.

Ladle: Glasgow Exhibition; also com.
cups dated 1704: Kilpatrick.
Mug (applied ornamentation) :
Mr. J. Barclay Murdoch.
Rat-tail hash spoon, witlj mace handle :
The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.

John Luke (or Louk) first mentioned 1659, died 1702.

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

479

MARKS ON GLASGOW PLATE.

TABLE II.
FROM ABOUT 1706 TO 1765.
Stamps various, as below : The town-mark being stamped between the duplicated maker's mark.

DATE
(about).

1706-7
1707-8 1709-101709-20 ))
1717-49 1728-311725-351743-52 1747-60
1756-761757-80

1758-65

MAKER'S TREE.
UARK. riSH H
BELL.

«P

»» »»

KIM M
m ®
IS Q
fig @
ran X

OS
ED 03 .. @
(33 @
® @
OB EEB
G33
EISS) @

maker s mark.

John Luke, jr. (1699)
Do. do, „
William Clerk (1693)
John Falconer (1709)
James Lockhart (1707)
Johan Got-helf-Bilsings (1717)
Do. do. „
Robert Luke (1721)
James Glen (i743)
Do. do.
Saml. Teller (i747)
David Warnock (1756)
(No maker's mark).
John Campbell (1757)
(Not identified).
Do. do.
Wm. Napier (1758)
Bayne & Napier.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Date and (date ?) letter conjectured.
Tankard, dated 1707 ; Mr. Thos. Max
well ; and com. cups, dated 1708:
Greenock.
Com. cups, inscribed " For the Baronie
Kirk 1704": Barony Ch., Glasgow.
Large quaich : The Marquess
of Breadalbane.
Quaich and rat-tail spoon :
Glasgow Exhibition, igoi.
Soup-ladle : Messrs. Smith &
Rait.

Table spoon : Glasgow Exhibition ;
Snuff box : Messrs. Smith & Rait.

Com. cups, dated 1728 : Douglas, and
(1731) Dumbarton.
Two com. cups, dated 1734 :
Barony Church, Glasgow.
("Small quaich : The Marquess of
< Breadalbane.
LHash spoon : Mr. 1. Barclay Murdoch.
Tea-pot : Messrs. Smith &
Rait.
Table spoon : Mr. W. Boore.

Four com. cups : The Marquess
of Breadalbane.
Table spoon : Mr. J. Barclay
Murdoch.
Snuff box : The Marquess of Breadalbane.

Table spoon (double drop) :
Messrs. Smith & Rait.

Do.

Do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Com. cup, dated 1765: St.
Ouivox Ch., near Glasgow.

The observations in the text preceding Table I. should be read in connection with the above
marks, especially with reference to the letters in the last column of marks in this and the succeeding
table.

48o

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON GLASGOW PLATE.

TABLE III.

from ABOUT 1763 TO ABOUT 1813.

Stamps various, as below : The town-mark is generally found between the duplicated maker's
mark ; both impressions of the maker's mark having been struck with the same punch.

DATE
(about).

MAKER'S MARK.

maker's name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1763-70

Adam

Graham (1763)

Quaich, salts, spoons and sugar tongs ;
The Marquess of Breadalbane.

"

tt

.. .. 0

Do.

do.

Table spoon : Mr. J. Barclay
Murdoch.

JI

»»

„ .. g

Do.

do.

Do. do. do.

1773-801776-80

(D @ G) @

James ¦*Milne &
=^Do.

Taylor (1773)
Campbell. do.

Four table spoons: The
Marquess of Breadalbane.
Teapot and sugar bowl : Mr.
John Denholme.
Snuff box and spoons : Mr.
J; Barclay Murdoch.

..

ESD

© GS

Robert

Gray (1776)

Soup ladle : Messrs. Smith &
^ait.
Hash spoon : Mr. John Den
holme.

))

m

@ IB& @

Do.

do.

1783

ms\

% Esa

Taylor &

Hamilton.

Shoulder-brooch : Glasgow
Exhibition.

"

\m

@ ESS9 "

James

McEwen (1783)

Large punch-bowl : The
Marquess of Breadalbane.

1777-90

Uil

.. sw^ „

Wm.

Love (1777)

Table spoons : Messrs. Smith
& Rait.

1782-92

EE3

^ GQ

James

Wright (1782)

Table spoons : Glasgow
Exhibition.

1785-95

!iD

©an ©

John

Donald (1785)

Do. do. do.

.,

i»

.. .. H

Do.

do.

Do. do. do.

17811800

ISI4

g 1514 @
LION
RAMPANT.

fPatrick

McFarlane (1781)

Pair of gravy spoons : Messrs.
Crichton.

I8I1-3

m

IS

:j:Archibald McFadyen (i8i i)

Pair of table candlesticks :
Mr. W. Boore

The observations in the text preceding Table I. should be read in connection with the above
marks, especially with reference to the letters E, F, O and S, which appear after the maker's marks.
"•¦¦ The marks in the fifth and sixth lines, though apparently resembling each other, are
appreciably different in size and otherwise. In the town-mark, in the fifth line, the letter G (for
Glasgow) appears where the bell should be and is in the mark below it. The maker's mark is struck
only once on the articles bearing the marks in the fifth line instead of twice as is generally the case.
t In this case (as in that of firms), no initial of Christian name is included in the maker's
mark. X This seems to be the first appearance of the lion rampant (from the Royal Standard of
Scotland), as a mark on Glasgow plate — the mark prescribed by the Act 59 Geo. IIL, c. 28, to be
stamped on all plate assayed at Glasgow from 18 19 onwards, to indicate that plate so stamped is
of standard quality.

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

481

MARKS ON GLASGOW PLATE.

TABLE IV.
FROM 1819 TO 1845, FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW.
THE DATE FOLLOWING A MAKER's NAME IS THAT OF HIS ADMISSION TO THE INCORPORATION
OF HAMMERMEN ; IN THE CASE OF FIRM-NAMES IT IS THAT OF THEIR FIRST KNOWN APPEARANCE.

TREE,
FISH &
BELL.

LlOh
RAMPANT

DATE
LETTER.

HI MGS
UEAD.

MAKER'S MARK.

maker's name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1819-20 GEO. IV.
1820-1

i

@

Q It

B. Scott.
[Not identified).
Luke F. Newlands (1816)
Jas. Downie (181 2)

Sugar tongs : The Author.
Salt spoon : B'm'ham Assay Office.
Tea-pot : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
Tea-spoon : B'm'ham Assay Office.

mwrfiuj

GO

1821-2

11

••

s

»i

m

Robt.

Gray & Son (1819)

Tea-spoons : Glasgow Exhibition.

1822-3

*l

tt

0}

11

iTtn

Robt.

Duncan (1813)

Lemon strainer : Do. do.

1823-4

tt

11

m

11

QD

John

Bruce (1815)

Snuff-box : Mr. Arthur.

1824-5

tt

II

9

"

RTH

(N

rt identified).

Punch bowl : Mr. George Young.

1825-6

H

«•

@

"

IMi

Alexr.

Mitchell (1822)

Table spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.

1826-7

tt

11

G9

"

Angus
McDonald (1824)
Tea-spoons : Mr. Chisholm.
1827-8
tt
If
0
11
rps^
Peter
Arthur (1808)
Do. : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
1828-9
»»
"
0
-
ran
Edwd.
Bell (1827)
Toddy ladle : Glasgow Exhibition.
1829-30 WM. IV.
1830-1
Jt
11
13
fi
11 11
Jas. Danl.
Burrell & Co. (1825)
Robertson (1829)
Sugar tongs : Mr. Wilkinson.
Small circular box : Messrs. Spink.
1831-2
,t
11
Si
11
Glasgow Assay Office Plate.
1832-3
»t
••
fS
0
1
Robt.
Gray & Son. (1819)
Lemon strainer : Messrs. Smith &
Rait.
1833-4
tl
II
Q]
11
GQ
Peter
Arthur (1808)
Tea-spoon : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
1834-5
••
11
S
"
t'W;i(
D.C.
Rait (1832)
Toddy ladle : Mr. Harrison.
1835-6
11
!•
%
11
GEO
John
Mitchell (1834)
Salt spoons : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
1836-7
ft
*l
m
If
GE3
D. C. (N
Rait (1832)
ot identified).
Tea-spoons : Do. do. do.
Snuff-box : Messrs. Crichton.
VICT.
1837-8
t»
11
m
11
CZ3
W.
Parkins (1835)
Shoulder -brooch : Mr. Mitchell.
1838-9
It
»»
0
11
m
Robt.
Gray & Son (1819)
Large beer jug : Messrs. Crichton.
1839-40
ll
11
Q)
If
11
Do.
do.
Spirit lamp : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
18401
t»
11
Q
?1
im _
John
Mitchell (1834)
Hilt of small dirk : Mr. Jefferis.
1841-2
II
"
sg
GE3
•••¦Henry
Muirhead (1838)
Watch case: Mr. Lannon.
1842-3
II
11
m
t?t')
¦»Henry
Downs (183 1)
Waist buckle : Mr. Falk.
1843-4
It
11
ia
ITIil
¦SD. C.
Rait (1832)
Book clasp : Glasgow Exhibition.
1844-6
»i
»1
&
SD
«Chas.
Bryson (1834)
Top of scent-bottle : Mrs. Budd.
¦•¦• The head ot Queen Victoria was first used as a duty-mark in Glasgow in 1841-2. The articles
mentioned in the last four lines of the above table were, however, exempt from duty and had no
duty-mark. 31
482

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON GLASGOW PLATE.

TABLE V.

FROM 1845
TO 187I
FIVE STAMPS
AS BELOW.
{"£i H.JiaT. LlfHR.
JUEEN'B MAKERS
HEAD. MARK.
maker's NAME.
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
1845-6
ii
@
gs
©
k»0
Walter
Baird
(1845)
Sugar bowl : Messrs. Hamilton
& Inches.
1846-7
i
11
m
Robt.
Gray & Son
(I8I9)
Small mug : Messrs. R. & W.
Sorley.
1847-8
^
»f
CJlasgow Assay Office Plate.
1848-9
SD
If
flj>
John
Russell
(1845)
Pair of salt shovels : Mrs.
Marshall.
1849-50
^ @
%
»t
QIB
Peter
Aitken, jr.
(1845)
Shoulder -brooch : Mr. J.
Stevens.
Tea-caddy spoon : The Author.
Glasgow Assay Office Plate.
1850-1 1851-2
II11
l^/AiWI
J. & W.
Mitchell
(1834)
1852-3 1853-4
CD 0
11
Robt.
Gray & Son
(second mar
(I8I9)
k)
Sugar tongs : Messrs. Smith &
Rait.
Glasgow Assay Office Plate.
1854-5
19
11
WJt
A.
McMillan
(1837)
Watch-case : Mr. Falk.
1855-61866-7
m
n
go
»1
11
033
R.
Stewart McDonald
(1842)(184=;)
Tea-spoon : Messrs. R. & W.
Sorley.
Glasgow Assay Office Plate.
Spectacle case : Mr. J. Walker.
1867-8 1868-9
11
BKfHn
A.
11
FgT^
W.
Alexander & Son.
Tea-spoon : Glasgow Exhibi
tion.
1869-60
i)
»1
Glasgow Assay Office Plate.
1860-1
UJ
11
Do. do. do.
1861-2
il
"
Do. do. do.
1862-3
^
II
61^
J.
Murray
(1862)
Mustard spoon : Birmingham
Assay Office.
1863-4
p
11
Glasgow Assay Office Plate.
1864-5
@
»1
Do. do. do.
1865-6
%
)»
Do. do. do.
1866-7
IP
•'
Do. do. do.
1867-8
s
"
Do. do. do.
1868-9
0
'.
Do. do. do.
1869-70
il
••
Do. do. do.
1870-1
11
@
11
Do. do. do.
The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

483

MARKS ON GLASGOW PLATE.

TABLE VI.
FROM 187T TO 1897.
FIVE STAMPS TILL 189O, THENCEFORWARD

TABLE VII.
FROM 1897 TO 1903.
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW.

FOUR

ONLY.

FIhI^x lion date gUEENS MAKER'S
BELL '<A'flP*NT. LETTER. HEAR. HARK.
1871-2
@
@
Q
0
1872-3
..
(S
1873-4
"
e
!874-5
"
Q
1875-6
..
9
1876-7
-
,,
9
1877-8
••
Q
1878-9
••
0
,,
1879-80
.'
0
1880-1
"
Q
0
1881-2
"
Q
0
1882-3
..
0
0
1883-4
• '
0
05
1884-5
••
Cl
a
1886-6
¦ •
Q
X
1886-7
<.
Q
u
1887-8
.,
Q
3tc0
1888-9
"
9
1889-90
••
S
1890-1
"
Q
1891-2
"
'•
IS
1892-3
•'
'•
Q
1893-4
"
11
O
1894-5
••
..
Q
1896-6
>.
..
Q
1896-7
•'
@
TREE.
FIGH &
BELL.
LION
RAMPANT.
DATE MAKER'S
LETTER. MARK.
1897-8
i
@
SI
1898-9
If
m
1899
1900
11
@
1900-1
tt
i
EDW. VII.
1901-2
If
a
1902-3
»f
@
The marks in Tables VI. and VII.
and the maker's marks which follow
have been reproduced from the
impressions struck in the copper
plate preserved at Glasgow Assay
Office. See the text preceding Table I.
Marks on Glasgow-wroughtGold.
The marks for gold, 22 carats
fine, were the same as for plate until
1844, when the mark 22 was ordered
to be added to denote its fineness.
For the lower standard of 18 carats
(authorised in 1798) the mark 18
had been ordered to be added. In
1854 three lower standards of 15
carats, 12 carats and 9 carats fine
respectively were authorised, for
which the marks 'S'bi^, " '5, and
<^'375 ¦were prescribed in addition
to those illustrated in the tables.
484

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

NAMES OF GLASGOW GOLDSMITHS,
PLATEWORKERS, &c.,
With the Dates of their Admission to the Glasgow Incorpor.wion of Hammermen,
FROM l6l5 TO 1848.
Copied from the Minute-books of the Incorporation, supplemented by extracts from the Burgess
Rolls and Directories. The names of members of trades other than goldsmiths, silversmiths, watch
and clockmakers, and jewellers, have been omitted.
G.S.=Goldsmith ; S.S.=Silversmith ; W.M.=Watchmaker ; C.M.=Clockmaker ; J.=Jeweller.

Date oE

Date of

Admis sion.
Name
AND Designation (See above).
Admis sion.
Name
AND Designation (See
above).
1616
John
Kirkwoo d G.S.
1777
William
Love X
G.S.
1649
John
Neill CM.
))
Walter
Wright
¦*i66o
William
Cockburn G.S.
James
Wm.
Taylor Hamilton
S.S.
1665
Thomas
Moncrur ,,
1778
Charles
Clyphon or Clephan S.S.
1673
Robert
Brook t
Luke X
1779
James
Stewart
W. & CM.
John
Thos.
Brydone
J.
James
McLenan
W. & CM.
1680
George
Louck or Luke „
Wm.
Dunn
>> )>
1682
Thomas
Cumming X „
1781
Patrick
Macfarlane X
j> yy
1686
Jas.
Stirling „
John
Frazer
1687
James
Cumming „
Peter
John
FrazerInglis
G.S. S.S.
1689
Wm.
Hodgy or Hodgert „
Archd.
Miller
W. & CM.
1692
James
Luke X „
1782
James
Wright t
J.
1693
Wm.
Clerk X
Bery
Parkhill
„
1699
John
Luke jr. X „
1783
James James
McEwen J
Cullen
G.S. & J.
S.S.
1707
James
Boyd
1784
Archibald
Lang
J.
James
Lockhart X
John
Wyllie
„
1709
John
Falconer t
1785
John
Donald X
S.S.
1717
Johan Got-helf-Bilsings X „
1788
JamesJames
WyllieDuncan
G.S. & J.
J.
ti72i
Robert
Luke X
John
Patterson
1735
John
Bilctzing
1790179I
James
Ross
W. & CM.
1743
James
GlenJ
James
Pennecuick
J) n
1747
Saml.
Teller J
JamesAlexr.
McKendrick Bell
S.S.
w. & cm'.
1755
David
Warnock J „
1792
John
Thomson
S.S.
1757
John
Campbell X „
James
Muir
w. & cm.
1758
Wm.
Napier X
Archd.
McVicar
1759
John
Napier
^793
James
Gray
G.S.
1761
John
Bayne „
James
Spittal
w.m.
Archibald
Graham „
James
Adshead
J.
1763
Adam
Graham X „
James
Graham
W.M.
1767
Peter
Lang
1796
Robert Hay
Thomson Lapsley
G.S.
1773
James
Taylor X
Wm.
Hannington
W.M.
Robt.
Wilson
1797
Alexr.
Mitchie
S.S.
1775
John
Calder W. & CM.
1798
Richard
McLean
S. &J.
James
Muir
Wm.
Mitchell
W.M.
1776
Robert
Gray X G.S.
Robert
Sommerville
W. & CM.
James
Kirkland W. & C M.
iSoo
Walter
Macadam
James
Cullen S.S.
George
Easton
S.S.
¦» William Cockburn, described as " an Edinburgh goldsmith," was by an Act of Council, of 1660,
allowed " to exercise his calling in the burgh."
t The Minute-book for the period 1717 to 1775 has been lost, and the names during the interval
have been copied from the Burgess Roll.
X His mark represented in preceding tables.
The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

485

NAMES OF GLASGOW GOLDSMITHS — Continued.

Date of

Date of

Admis sion.
Name, and Designation (See previous page).
Admis sion.
Name, and Designation (See previous page).
1800
William
Halbert
W. & CM.
1825
Wm.
Innes
W. & CM.
John
Graham
J.
Thomas
Burtie
J.
1801
James
Turnbull
S.S.
John
McKell
S.S.
Ebenezer
Robertson
W. & CM.
John
Welsh
W.M.
1802
John
Dobbie
17 >>
1826
Wm.
Spencer
J.
Wm.
Russell
W.M.
Thomas
Muir
S.S.
Robert
Robertson
W. & CM.
John
Dobbie
W.M.
1803
Alexander
Phillip
)i 11
John
Law
„
1805
David
Reid
CM.
John
Waddell
W. & CM.
Jas. Brown
Adshead
J.
1827
Edward
BellJ
G.S.
1806
Wm.
Cowan
W.M.
James L.
Spencer
J.
Walter
Grey
S.S.
Andrew
Thomson
W.M.
John
Smith
W.M.
William
Russell
W.M. & J.
Robert
Reid
1828
David
McDonald
S.S. & J.
Thomas
Adshead
"j.
1829
John
Cree
C & W.M.
1807
James
Finlayson
G.S.
Daniel
Robertson X
G.S. & J.
1808
Peter
Arthur X
J.
George
Brown (Airdree)
Brown
W.M.
James
Newlands
^j
1830
George
„
1809
James
Gibson
W.iM.
John
Wotherspoon
W. & CM.
John
Gibson
„
Arch'd.
Armstrong
S.S.
1810
Philip
Grierson
J.
1 83 1
David
Sutherland
J.
Saml.
Whelar
W.M.
Wm.
Adshead
,,
Archd.
Cochrane
J.
Henry
Downs X
G.S.
Thomas
Cochrane
W. & CM.
1832
George
Railton
G.S. & J.
John
Neilson
>1 1>
D. Crichton Rait X
X n
1811
James
Coghill
W.M.
1833
George
Thomson
W.M.
Archd.
McFadyen X
J.
1834
Charles
Bryson :j:
J.
John
Austin
Alex'r.
Wood
W. & CM.
1812
John
Mann
G.S.
John
Mitchell::
J.
James
Downie X
S.S.
Wm.
Mitchell::
„
Thomas
Finlayson
J.
Wm.
Mclnnes
W.M.
1813
Walter
Inglis
W.ISL
Andrew
Kelly
„
Robert
Duncan :j:
G.S. & J.
1835
Joseph
Graham
G.S. & J.
1814
John
Calder, jr.
W.M.
Wm.
Alexander
«
1815
Donald
McCallum
J.
Robt.
Buchanan jr.
W. & CM.
John
Bruce :j:
Smith
^,
Alex.Walker Alexander
i> >.
1816
Robert
W.M.
Wm.
Parkins X
S.S.
Luke Frazer Newlands X
G.S.
1836
Alex.
Aitken
W.M. & J.
James
Scrymgeour
W.M.
1837
George
McLean
W.M.
1S17
James
Muirhead
JJ
Alex'r.
Brown
»
1818
John
Buchanan
J.
Andrew
McMillan J
„
William
Steel
W. & CM.
1838
Henry
Muirhead X
„
1819
Robert
Gray & Son X
G.S.
1839
John
Donaldson
W.M.
1820
Andrew
Dobbie
)i 1.
1840
John
Arthur
J.
1821
Thomas
Beggs
W.M.
Wm.
McCracken
W.M.
1822
Alexr.
Mitchell X
W.M. & S.S.
184I
John
Gibson
,,
David
Crichton
W.M.
1842
Robert
Stewart ±
J.
John
Aitken
S.S.
1843
Wm. Clarke Shaw
G.S. & J.
John
Ferguson
1844
Alexander
Lucas
G.S.
Robert
Corbet
W. & CM.
Robert
Arthur
J.
James
Middleton
J.
1845
Walter
Baird :|:
G.S. & J.
1823
James
Muirhead
W. & CM.
John
Russell X
J.
Francis
Reid
W.M.
Alexander
McDonald X
JJ
John
Campbell
„
Peter
Aitken, junior X
J.
John
Todd
,,
1824
Angus
McDonald X
S.S.
1848
Francis
Chapman
W.M.
1825
James
Burrell X
G.S.
:|: His mark represented in preceding tables.
The names and marks of Goldsmiths who have had plate assayed at Glasgow between 1848 and
1903 will be found on the two following pages.
486

The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS AND NAMES OF GLASGOW GOLDSMITHS.
1848 TO 1903.
THE DATE WHEN EACH MARK WAS FIRST USED IS NOT RECORDED.

MARK.

NAME.

MARK.

NAME.

MARK.

NAME.

M

J. Russell."

aD

J. Hall.

T.SMITH &SON
GLASaow

T. Smith & Son.

WG

W. Gordon.

Fin?™!

J. R. & W. Laing.

*frTa-i

Do. do.

QB^}

V. Levy & Co.

pwrora

Do. do.

»

{Not identified).

S3

D. Sprunt.*

R?rra

Mclntosh&McCulloch

A. W. Peden.

ri'M

J. D. Davidson.

ESD

A. Brown.

lilUI

R.& A.Allen.

hV;fi^

Muirhead & Arthur.

QB

Robt. Kerr.

FHCil

D. Todd.

\m\

Do. do.

(sEstiU

C C McDonald.

CEEX33

W. Scott & Co.

OS

G. Alexander.

CS)

H. Low.

CS3

J. Wallace.

F|:?T^

J. Ballantyne & Son.

^v;^

Jas. Weir.

C3S3.

T. W. Crawford.

cm

W. Russell.

u=iiii

Do. do.

ESQ

A. W. Allison.

RZ^

W. Corbett.

GO

J. Easton.

t'.'A'.'l

W. Warrington.

^m\

Aird & Thompson.

CNil')

J. P. Campbell.

ll'i'i^

iM. V. Wilks.

UrM-^

T. Smith & Son.

Mf:'^;,W^

S  & McLellan.

tsjtlft

J. Moir.

tiM.M

Do. do.

QTS

J. H. Storer.

llfli)

Kerr & Phillips.

l:W?A^

R. & W. Sorley.

rnp)

Mungo Guthrie.

fwT^

Muirhead & Arthur.

»

Do. do.
Geo. Edward &

S3Q

Hamilton & Laidlaw.
W. Allan.

A.MED

A. McDonald.
G. Jeffrey.

GlliiiiliU

®©

Son.

mm

A. L. Boston.

RflRI

Hyslop & Marshall.

¦ 'l:flilJ

Do. do.

G23S9

Duff & Millar.

PiWII

W. G. Taylor.

P&CO.

Parr& Co.

(gw|)
G. W. Stratton.
QC9GB
John Adair (Dumfries).
EX3
Thos. Matter.
Alexander Bros. & Co.
(formerly A. & Son).
KELLY
DUBLIN
Kelly & Co., Dublin.
Lawson & Co.
A. Howell.
D. Simpson.
J. Riddoch.
D. Todd.
J. .Mark.
Finlay & Field.
Riirani
DS
GM
G. Mitchell.
FiRca
D. F. Turnbull.
gga
W. Paul.
J,E.A.
J. E. Ainsley.
Jos. Haywood & Co.
(X) nra
Jas. Douglas.
T. Fyfe.
Jas. Porter.
Geo. McPherson.
Thos. Stewart.
finwa
OS
(Not identified).
M&C°
Mitchell & Co.
WG
W. Gordon.
c©
Robt. Scott.
^***'
J. Ferrier.
K.C.B
(Not identified).
SCOTT
Do. do.
m
fri>a»!>
G. E. Rattray.
*'Mil'^1
D. C Rait & Son.
fiwa
Duncn.Ferguson.
T.C.G.
T. C Garstang.
ryn
David Dow.
CSQ]
W. V. Jackson.
CD.M.d)
D. M. Cameron.
BjQ
W. Jenkins.
C^ffil
Geo. Jackson.
(6m)
D. Munro.
H^i
Thomson & Williamson.
*^iW
Thos. Rcss&Sons.
F.&J.S.
F. &J. Smith.
ron
Wm. Russell.
mn
R. Tennent.
^j»^
^><^"'»^%
 Macfarlane
t'KHq
D. McCallum.
*^^
M. Friedlander.
' PARTICK *^
(of Partick).
EB
John Donald.
WO^
Do. do.
QQ
Hector Gollun.
^'M
Danl. Sutherland.
05
J. Reid.
<JE>
Mark Wilks & Co.
EE3
Jas. Myres.
J. Ferrier.
®
Jas. Crichton.
M=f1-1
J. Blond & Son.
The Scottish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

487

MARKS AND NAMES OF GLASGOW GOLDSMITHS.
1848 TO 1903. — CONTINUED.
THE D.\TE WHEN EACH MARK WAS FIRST USED IS NOT RECORDED.

MARK.

NAME.

MARK.I'-Ill^l m
RRSJ

NAME.

MARK.

XAME.

»imil:t

W. Semple.
J. D. Reid.
Wm. Russell & Sons
R. Mclnnes.
W.& W.Logan.
Duff & Miller
Jas. Smith.

Brown & Miller.
Jas. Simpson.
Jas. Ross.
Johnston & Co.
Lyle & Lock.
J. Lyle.
J. M. Ballantyne & Co.

mm ES
CD

J. Neville.
Davis & Son.
Lorimer, Moyes & Co.
Andrew Allison.
A. Ferrier?
J. Muir, jr. ?
H. Tennant.

fSWWVi

Mal

.Tas. Forrest.

(•J-M-i)

Gco. Drummond & Co.

ftT7>

Geo. Drummond.

WA^

(Not identified.)
J. Stevenson.
Ross & Ferrier.

Miller & Thompson.
A. Taylor & Son.
W. Miller & Co.

S3^

Wilson & Sharp, Edinbro.
Mitchell Bros.
F. Neville.

(3S3

fS3

rxrro

tnn

Robt. Ross.

nr^

Hamilton & Inches, Edinbro.

mii

L. King.

CB

W. Jaffray.

Ce&U

George White (or Wilson)

tM*.U

R. K. Muirhead.

tww

Do. do.

van

W. Mitchell.

QQQ

Anton Pfaff.

fjji

Peter Martin.

ms^

J. McArthur.

ti'l'Hi*

R. L. Rawson.

QUQ

R. B. Forrest.

fiK%

Robt. Arthur.

mwn

J. & A. Howell.

fTICT^

Jas. & Andrew Kelly.

HfiH

Reed & Garrick.

CTga

Guthrie & Shear.

wsn

Taylor & Downes.

(fwa

Geo. Thomson.

ii*^^

T. L. Leek.

rnR?aR»

J. Muirhead & Sons.

ftWI

(Not identified.)

(HD

D. Howie.

Si
m 03

Geo. Innes.
Barclay & Goodwin.
Dl. Sutherland & Co.
J. Laing.

nini

Robt. Buchanan.
J. Heron.
J. McDonald.
T. Finlayson.
David Taylor.

ES3

Smith & Rait.
Alex. B. Arthur.
Alex. Wotherspoon
Hugh Downs.
J. Brown.

J. & W. Mitchell.
W. Allan.
 Young.
Gilmore & Watson.
Lindsay & Paisley.
L. Hymens.
Wm. Coghill.
J. Mclnnes.
Wm. Sharp.
PJRSD
CB
Thos. Ross.
Walter Baird.
A. & R. Stewart
Robt. Hyslop.
Lawrence Aitchison.
(Not identified.)
Watson & Pozzie.
D. McDonald.
Robt. Duncan.
A. Coghill.
GB3 CD
w
Em
A. Sterling.
Colin C Campbell.
Alex. Lucas.
M. Michael.
W. Noble.
(Not identified.)
John A. Fetter.
Do. do.
(Not identified.)
1:^
J. McGregor.
Panton & Co.
raa
Thos. Chapman.
McKenzie & Co.
HIT!
fTT.l!)
Do. do.
Do. do.
CZ3S
R. Laing.
Tennent & Co.
OQQ
(Not identified.)
Lorimer & Moyes.
Do. do.
Do. do.
GZ523
L& W.Boyd.
niawa
Leckie, Graham & Co.
lilUIIW
Do. do.
Robt. Rankin.
Jas. Crichton.
(Not identified.)
Do. do.
S&R
Do. do.
Sinith & Rait.
488

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

CHAPTER XXI.
SCOTTISH PROVINCIAL GOLDSMITHS
OF THE MINOR GUILDS,
AND THEIR MARKS.

Formerly two
burghs— Old
Aberdeen and
New Aberdeen.

The town-mark
in both cases
composed of
letters.

ABERDEEN.
There were two Burghs of Aberdeen in juxta-position, Old Aberdeen
and New Aberdeen, each having its own distinct guilds and trading
privileges. The distinction which (as in the case of Edinburgh and
Canongate) was maintained for centuries, was only abolished in quite
recent times by the merging of the old burgh in the new.
In both burghs the goldsmiths were associated with other crafts,
such as pewterers, wrights, armourers and saddlers, and incorporated
under the common designation " Hammermen."
In neither burgh was the " town-mark " of the goldsmiths taken from
its arms, but was in both composed of the first two, or the first two and
the fifth letters of the town name (AB or ABD). Mr. Brook suggests
that this curious departure from the general practice by the goldsmiths of
(Old) Aberdeen was because the arms of their burgh were so much like
those of Dundee — the charge on the shield of the former is a pot with
three lilies, the first closed, the second half open, and the third in full
bloom ; in the case of the latter it is a pot with three lihes all in full
bloom — a variation so slight as to be hardly distinguishable in a punch-
mark. Why the goldsmiths of New Aberdeen should have taken a
similar course down to the eighteenth century does not appear, as their
arms resemble neither those of Dundee nor of Old Aberdeen.

OLD ABERDEEN.
Old Aberdeen. Of the goldsiTiiths of thc old burgh the names of two only can be
found ; the name of the first — Robert Cruickshank — is recorded in the
minutes of the Incorporation of Hammermen as having been admitted a
member on the 31st October, 1699; the second — Coline Allan — was
enrolled as a burgess on the 9th January, 1 762.

The Goldsmiths of Aberdeen. 489
The marks illustrated below are found on a beer jug (at King's
College, Aberdeen,) made by Robert Cruickshank about the year 1700.
This being the only known example of plate bearing the Old Aber
deen mark, it seems useless to speculate with regard to the signification
of the first mark — the small old English D. It might perhaps have been
a deacon's stamp. A similar letter is represented in table I, line 7 of the
Aberdeen marks (page 491), and in line 3 of the Banff marks (page 497).
ABERDEEN (or NEW ABERDEEN). Aberdeenor
New Aberdeen.
Aberdeen, or New Aberdeen as it was called until by the extension
of its boundaries it embraced the adjoining burgh, has in its Council
Register, entries referring to at least two goldsmiths of the fifteenth
century: the earliest being a record of the admission of James Kemp into
the service of a goldsmith named Theman, on the 23rd September, 1464.
The Council Register, the Burgess Rolls, the Minutes of the Incor- Goldsmiths-
___ -ri-iT-i' 11 1 ¦ names recorded
poration 01 Hammermen, ransn Registers, and other records contain from the fifteenth
^ . _ to the nineteenth
references to Aberdeen goldsmiths from the fifteenth to the nineteenth «ntury.
century. Two " Seals of cause" appear to have been granted to the Hammer
men, in 1 5 19 and 1532 respectively.
The appointment by the Town Council in 1649 of William Anderson
to be " tryar of all gold and siluer wark " is recorded in the Council
Register, under date November 7th. 1649, as follows : —
" The said day, the Counseil, taking to their consideratioun the insufficiencie
of siluer wark maid within this brughe have nominal and appojntit, and be the
tennour heirof nominatis and appointis William Andersone, Goldsmyth, to be
tryar of all gold and siluer wark to be maid within the said brughe for the yeir
to cum, and being sufficient and markit with the prob,* to put on the towne's
mark, and for that effect nominatis and appointis the said William Andersone
keiper of the towne's mark for this present yeir : the said William Andersone
being personallie present, acceptit the said office, and gave aith de fideli
administratione, and obleist him that all wark that sowld pas his mark, and the
towne's mark sail be elewin pennie fyne [iidwt fine] : and if thair be ony wark
fund of less walew, markit as said is, he sail be lyable for the saraen according to
the ordinar rait. Sic sub''.,'l William Andersone."
Mr. Brook, for whom the above was originally extracted by Mr. Jas.
Aitchison, observes that " this appointment does not appear to have been
renewed after William Anderson ceased to fill the office. At any rate, if it was
continued (as to which there is no evidence) the provision as to silver plate being
stamped with the ' tryar's ' mark and a municipally appointed ' town-mark '
would seem to have fallen into desuetude, for an examination of all the marks un
doubtedly shows that each goldsmith used a town-mark of his own."|
¦¦' " markit with the prob " (probe), i.e., marked as having been tested.
I sub''=subscripsit.
X Old Scottish Com. Plate, p. 570. No mark of this Wm. Anderson has been found.

490

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Weakness oE
supervisionat Aberdeen
illustrated by the
variety of " town-
marks."

Marks found on
Aberdeen plate.

Eccentricity of
Aberdeen nnarks.

An examination of the Aberdeen marks represented in the following
tables, which have been reproduced in facsimile from the original marks
on the plate described, will show that Mr. Brook's observations with
reference to the weakness of the supervision — if any there were — over
the Aberdeen goldsmiths, are well founded, for not only the maker's
marks but the town marks on different articles of plate vary in character
in the most extraordinary manner. Such a variety of marks as was
used at Aberdeen is not found in any other Scottish burgh.
The earliest known example of the town-mark consists of the letters
A B D in Roman capitals, with a contraction-mark over them. This mark
is found on plate made by Walter Melvil, about the middle of the seven
teenth century. These three letters in a single stamp, (either with or
without the contraction-mark) appear to be the most common form of
town-mark, but on eighteenth century plate the letters A B D are found
both in Roman and Script characters. Occasionally the three letters
appear as if each had been struck by a separate stamp. In a few
instances the first two letters, A B, are in a single stamp; in others the
letters A B D N are found struck by separate stamps, sometimes,
however, they are combined in one stamp. The Roman capital letter
A is also found struck thrice, and the same letter, of a peculiar character
— as if formed of twisted ribbon — is also to be seen on plate of about
the end of the eighteenth and the early part of the nineteenth centuries.
The letters B D without the initial A, — as represented in "Old English
Plate" — are however not to be found except where the A has been worn
out or otherwise obliterated.
Early in the eighteenth century a stamp composed of three castles
in a shaped shield, somewhat resembling the Newcastle mark, was used
by John Walker as the town-mark, and he was followed in this respect
by others. The adoption of this mark is accounted for by the fact that
the arms of the burgh are : — gules, three castles, triple towered, within a
double tressure flory counter flory, argent. The use, however, of the
various eccentric marks such as a gate, a rose, a hand grasping a dagger,
and other devices which are found in some combinations seems quite
inexplicable. The signification of the letters D and SS (used with
ABD about 1700), and B (about forty years later) is also difficult to
explain. The letter ^ has already been referred to in connection with
Old Aberdeen and Banff.
The dates set opposite the marks in the tables must be considered
as merely approximate, except where the inscribed dates on some of the
examples may be depended on.

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

491

MARKS ON ABERDEEN PLATE.

TABLE I.
FROM ABOUT 165O TO ABOUT 1770.
The date within parentheses which follows the maker's name is the date of admission to the
.Aberdeen Incorporation of Hammermen, entry on the Burgess Roll, or otherwise the date of the
earliest mention which has been found of the name.
The observations on the preceding page should be read with reference to the marks illustrated
below.

DATE
(about).

IDjO
1660-70 1670-7
1672-8169I-7 1703
1708-14 1718-27 1730 I73I
1734-51
1748-67 1760 ))
1763-70

© © ^ffi<

WS \s
AG /»
J -WALKER
@® @
rm (^ giro
09 ® GSi
EE9 ms^

MAKER S NAME.

"•¦¦" Walter Melvil (1650)

(Not identified)

Wm. Scott (1666)

Robertson (170S

J-Alexr. Galloway
) I1671)
Geo. Walker (1685)
Do. do
Geo. f John Walker (1713)
Do. do. „
Alexr. Forbes (172S
George Cooper (172J
Jas. Abercrombie (1734)
Coline Allan (1748)
{Not identified)
Do. do.
James Wildgoose (1763)

Do.

do.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

J Mace, dated 1650 : King's College. Aberdeen.
1 Strathnairn cup : Mareschal College, Aberdeen.

Small bowl : The Marquess of Breadal
bane, K.G.
Engraved marks on medals dated
1670 and 1677 : Grammar School,
Aberdeen.

Engraved marks on medals dated
1672, 1673, 1674, 1675 and 1678:
Grammar School, Aberdeen.
( Spoon (flat stem) ; Messrs. Crichton.
I Com. cups : Monymusk (1691) and
( Fintray (1697).
Com. cup, dated 1703 ; l.ongside.

Rat-tail spoon (pricked 1714) :
Glasgow Exhibition of 1901.
J Rat-tail spoon, dated 1718 : Glasgow Exhibition.
I Communion cups, dated 1727 : Dyke and Alford.

Salt spoon : Birmingham Assay OHice.
Two communion cups, bought 1731
Maryculter.
Mug aud spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.
Tea-spoon : The Marquess of Breadal
bane, K.G.
/Tea-spoon: Glasgow Exhibition.
I Two spoons : King's College, Aberdeen.
Hash spoon ; Glasgow Exhibition.
Tea-spoon : Do. do.
Com. cups : East Church, .Aberdeen.
Table spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.

¦•" The first two marks in the first line are alike (WM conjoined for Walter Melvil), but the first
mark is struck upside down.
f The " three-castles " mark is sometimes struck with the single castle uppermost as represented
by Mr. Brook, but it is clear from the shape of the shield that the mark is upside down when so
struck, the arrangement of the charges in the arms of the burgh being two castles in chief and one in
base.

492

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON ABERDEEN PLATE— Continued.

TABLE II.
FROM ABOUT 1766 TO ABOUT 182O.
The date within parentheses which follows the maker's name is the date of admission to the
Aberdeen Incorporation of Hammermen, entry on the Burgess Roll, or otherwise the date of the
earliest mention which has been found of the name.
The observations on page preceding Table I should be read with reference to the marks illustrated
below.

DATE
(about.)

MARKS.

maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Bg Fi^jTn ®

Jas.

Gordon

(1766)

f'Table-spoon : Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.
< Com. cups : New Machar (dated 1779), and
(. West Church, Aberdeen.
Six table spoons : Birm. Assay Off.

1766-79 .

tra fm^

Do.

do.

tl

Do.

do.

Tea-spoons : Glasgow Exhibition.
1772-7
f!^^ (^^M
Alexr.
Thompson
(1772)
Table spoon : The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.
1777-8
(@3ff^0
Jas.
Law
(1777)
Small quaich : Glasgow Exhibtn.
[ t» tt
Do.
do.
Com. cups, dated 1778 : Birnie.
UM^^^m
John
Leslie
(1782)
Table spoon : Glasgow Exhibtn.
1782-96
m rm*]
Do.
do.
Mug & dessert spoon : Lord
Breadalbane.
OB® <^
*Do.
do.
Tea- spoon : Mr. Chisholm.
»i i»
Do.
do.
Toddy ladle : The Marquess of Breadalbane.
,. M ^
Do.
do.
Tea-spoons : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
aSQEOfl]
Jas.
Smith
(1783)
Sauce ladle : Birm. Assay Office.
1783-90
® f^-\*]
Do.
do.
Table spoons : Mr. Chisholm.
^«5^ ^
Do.
do.
Do. do. Glasgow Exhibtn.
1786 to
I8I8
1)
1
Nathl Do.
Gillet do.
(1786)
Tea-spoon : The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.
Sugar-tongs : Glasgow Exhibitn.
'eb© tDP
Do.
do.
Toddy ladle : The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.
@ i @
James
Erskine
(1796)
Do. do. : Do. do.
1796 to
1820
•» i»
Do.
do.
Tea-spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.
m 0
•" Do.
do.
Do. : Lord Breadalbane.
fssssaaa
Do.
do.
Pair of salt spoons : Do.
»»
Do.
do.
Dessert spoon : Do.
(;f:'M OOG)
(Not identified)
Salt spoon : Birm. Assay Office.
'' Compare the second mark with a similar mark inverted in the second line of Table 111.
Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

493

MARKS ON ABERDEEN PLATE— continued.

TABLE III.
FROM ABOUT 1800 TO 187I.

DATE
(ABOUT.)

MARKS.

maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

DOUGLAS 0 0 03

»J.

Douglas (?)

Small toddy ladle : The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.

EE! Rfn (S

John

Allan (1797)

Dessert spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.

Pft^

Do.

do.

Tea-spoon : The Marquess of Breadal
bane, K.G.

E5D II U
»J.
Douglas (?)
Tea-spoons : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
1800
UbJ
¦¦¦Do.
do.
Communion cup : Foveran.
,„ ,;
QD mm
(Not
identified)
Fiddle pattern tea-spoon : Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.
1830
SHEE) CeU &LJ
Do.
do
Do. do. dessert spoon : Do,
@D OCDQO
Do.
do.
Toddy ladle and decanter label : Do.
gaam^GB
Do.
do.
Dessert spoon : Do.
GOD OQDU^
Do.
do.
Tea-spoons : Do.
Do.
do.
Do. do. Do.
1841
PF] EIiiiQ
Geo.
Jamieson.
Pair of sauce ladles (also Edin.
marks for 1841) : Do.
1850 .
\ G29 OOiDS)
(Not
identified)
Toddy ladle and sugar spoon : Do.
^ ng?a El BSD 1
Do.
do.
Tea-spoon : Do.
1871
m QCOQ)
Do.
do.
Butter knife (with Edinburgh marks for
187 1 added) : B'ham Assay Office.
® These are believed to be Aberdeen marks, but there is no proof to that effect.
The following names of Aberdeen Goldsmiths, in addition to those
whose marks appear in the preceding tables, are recorded in the Aber
deen Council Register, the minutes of the Incorporation of Hammermen,
or other records — the date preceding the name is the year in which
it is first mentioned.
1464 James Kemp
„  Theman
1473 Andrew Robertson
1508 David Theman
„ David Brois
1590 Alexr. Duff
1592 Patrick Hay, died 1592
16 1 7 Hew Anderson
1629 James Robertson
1632 Walter Hay
1636 William Anderson
1649 Thomas Moncur
1651 Wm. Crystie
1667 Robt. Lindsay
1679 Patrick Scott
1685 Alexr. Galloway
1 69 1 Wm. Scott
1693 Robt. Sharp
1695 Wm. Lindsay
1755 James Morrison
1784 George Rodger
494 Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks,
ARBROATH.
Arbroath marks Hitherto nothlng appears to have been published concerning the
traced to tlieir o r r i '-'
SaftaneMd goldsmiths of Arbroath, or — to give the burgh its ancient name — " Aber-
Inond"^" '™" brothock," and it is due to the researches ofthe Marquess of Breadalbane,
who very cordially placed his notes at the author's disposal, that the
marks illustrated below have been ascertained to be those of an Arbroath
plate-worker. Lord Breadalbane having in his possession some of the
objects mentioned below, made inquiries concerning their marks and
received in 1901 from Mr. Gregor Drummond of Stirling, whose
acquaintance with Arbroath and its history is intimate, a very interest
ing letter, from which the following is transcribed : —
" I send impressions of two Hall marks, one with the reputed Arbroath mark
[a portcuUi.s], the other with the same AD [maker's mark] but smaller, with
Edinburgh Hall-marks in addition, indicating the year 1838 as its date. I got
the loan of the tablespoons [from which the impressions were taken] from
the Rev. John Chalmers a native of that part — he was Free Church minister
in Arbroath and is now in Stirling. The spoon with the Arbroath mark came
to him from a grand-aunt who died about ten years ago aged over go. The Edin
burgh spoons with the AD mark were gifted to Mr. Chalmers by an old Arbroath
resident. The initials and make of the spoons being exactly alike seem to point
to the same Arbroath maker. A note to the Edinburgh Hall would get his name."
" The spoon with the Arbroath mark seems to be older, but not much. I send
a rubbing of the Arbroath seal from a book on the History of Arbroath, which I
have looked carefully through, but can find no reference to silversmiths, but as
Arbroath formerly had, like Elgin, important ecclesiastical dignitaries, they
would probably have had men of that craft there to make their church plate,
and they would have had a distinctive mark. The Abbot had large powers as a
justiciary, and appointed the Earls of Airlie as his baillies of the Regality. They
continued to hold their office until it was abolished in 1748. I mentioned in a
former note that the Airlie crest [or charge] was a portcullis with a lady behind it.
I do not know whether the lady was introduced after Argyll tried to bum her
out in her Lord's absence."
Application was made to the Edinburgh Hall and a search instituted,
but as very few names of makers whose plate was assayed at Edinburgh
in the second quarter of the nineteenth century are recorded, the name of
the Arbroath worker with initials A D, was not to be found. It may,
however, still be possible by a more exhaustive inquiry in Arbroath
(which, as yet, the author has been unable to make,) to ascertain the name.
Mr. Chalmers always understood that the spoons were made by an
Arbroath silversmith ; he had been so informed, and the fact of the mark
being a portcullis like that on the burgh seal, is corroborative evidence of
the statement. The portcullis marks illustrated in the table on the
following page are inverted on the objects mentioned : an accident of

Scottish Provincial Goldsyniths and their Marks.

495

striking which is frequently seen, and makes no difference as regards the
identity of the mark. The second mark on the first spoon, and on Lord
Breadalbane's snuff box has the appearance of a crowned head, but,
being somewhat worn, the details are not clear.
THE ARBROATH BURGH SEAL.

MARKS ON ARBROATH PLATE.

DATE
(about.)

MARKS.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1830

fei!) 0 (5 d

Table spoon : The Rev. John Chalmers.

1838

QD ^1 @ (i ©

Do. (with Edinburgh Hall Marks of 1838-9) :
The Rev. John Chalmers.

1830-9

m

Lid of snuff-box : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.

n

Toddy ladle : Do. do. do.

AYR.
The mark (MC conjoined), here illustrated, is stamped twice on a
C3 (33
quaich of the seventeenth century in the possession of Mr. J. Barclay
Murdoch of Capelrig. It is probably the name-punch of Matthew
Colquhoun of Ayr, one of the thirteen Provincial Goldsmiths whose names
are endorsed on the draft ofthe letter of the year 1687 or thereabouts,
previously mentioned in connection with the Edinburgh Goldsmiths'
Incorporation.

496

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Banff goldsmiths
incorporated with
other Hammermen.

Various marks
used by Banff
goldsmiths.

BANFF.
The goldsmiths of Banff, like their fellow-craftsmen of Aberdeen,
were incorporated with other hammer-wielding trades under the general
title of " Hammermen."
In " The Annals of Banff," by Dr. Cramond, reference is made to
the following goldsmiths, (silversmiths &c.) whose connection with the
burgh is traced by means of the burgh registers and other records : —
1670 to r699 William Scott (the elder), goldsmith. This is the same Wm. Scott, who was
admitted a burgess in Aberdeen in i656, where he was deacon of the Hammer
men in 1673, 1678 and 1685. He appears to have carried on business from 1670
to 1699, both at Aberdeen and at Banff. His wife died in Banff in 1697, and
he is believed to have died there about two years afterwards.®
1687 to 1748 William Scott (the younger), goldsmith, son of the above, first mentioned in 1687, as
then married. He also carried on his trade both at Aberdeen and Banff. He
was made a burgess of Aberdeen in 1691, and paid fines in Banff in 1723 and
1728, in respect of his being allowed to work there. He was appointed assay
master in 1733, and died in 1748."'
1710 to 1729 Patrick Scott, goldsmith, first mentioned in 1710. His name occurs in the Council
books in 1712. He died 1729.
1720 to 1740 John Reid, watchmaker, worked in Banff from about 1720 to 1740.
1732101741 Patrick Gordon, gold and silver smith. Admitted to the Incorporation of Hammermen
1732, on paying as composition 30s. and 40s. (Scots.) as loft money. His
"Sey " was appointed to be a silver watch-case, a spoon and a gold (stoned)
ring. He worked as a goldsmith, silversmith, jeweller, and watch-case maker.
1747 to 1750 Thomas Forbes. Free 1747. His "Sey" was a gold mourning ring, a pair of silver
buckles and a punch-ladle. He was to give the ordinary treat and pay £6
(Scots.) as composition. His name is not found mentioned after 1750.
Mearns, watchmaker, mentioned 1749 to 1760.
Shirras, silversmith, died 1761.
Argo, silversmith, admitted 1771 as hammerman (burgess 1785).
Mackay, watchmaker, married 1774.
1778 to 1792 William Byres, master of the craft in 1778 and deacon in 1781. He was admitted to the
Incorporation without an essay, paying £'^ stg. as composition.
Izat, mentioned only 1794 and 1797.
Keith, master of the craft in 1798, and deacon in 1804.-
Elder, gold and silver smith, mentioned at intervals 1819 to 1843.
McQueen, silversmith.

1749 to 1760 Ernest
1750 to 1761 Alexr.
1771 to 1795 John
1774 Alexr.

1794 to 1797 David
1794 to 1824 John
1819 to 1843 George
1829 to 1839 John

1840 to 1855 William Simpson, silversmith.
The town-mark of Banff varied considerably at different times on the
work of successive members of the craft. The earliest known mark —
that of Wm. Scott the elder — consisted of his monogram and the letters
"ABC." He subsequently used the same monogram with the name
BANF, as town-mark. The same town-mark was used by Patrick Scott,
John Argo, Wm. Byres and John Keith. Wm. Scott the younger used
a fish, about 1720, as did John Keith and another maker, who stamped
plate about the beginning of the nineteenth century with the initials

-> The elder and younger Wm. Scott and John Keith worked in Elgin as well as Banff, and John
Keith appears to have worked in Perth also.

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks. 497
S.A., but whose name has not been identified. Sometimes BAF was Marks found cn
Banff Plate.
used, or merely the initial letter — a Roman capital B, or an ornamental
letter ^ formed in a semblance of ribbon-work.
In the second line in the table of Banff marks, the Roman capital
letter D appears in connection with the marks of the elder Wm. Scott —
transcribed from the Banff communion cup, on which they are stamped.
In the third line a small old English t) is represented in connection with
the marks of Wm. Scott, jun. Similar marks occur on plate of Aberdeen
and Old Aberdeen, and are mentioned in the text concerning the Aber
deen goldsmiths, to which the reader is referred.
With the marks of Patrick Scott, represented in the fourth line of
Banff marks, a crowned heart occurs between his duplicated stamp — his
initials with a mullet below them, in a heart-shaped shield. This symbol
has probably no signification apart from the fancy of the particular maker
who adopted it ; similar devices were frequently used by English and
Irish goldsmiths in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but are not
often found to have been used in Scotland.
On one of Lord Breadalbane's table spoons and a dessert spoon,
made by John Keith, about 1795 to 1820, a stamp resembling a man's
head appears, the meaning of which is obscure. It is probably not a
duty-mark, being unlike any such mark known to the author. With
regard to this, the absence of a duty-mark in the case of Scottish provin- .Absence of the
cial plate manufactured after 1784 (except on that which was assayed
and marked at Edinburgh) is remarkable, and seems to indicate a lack of
active interference by the authorities who were at that period respon
sible for carrying out the provisions of the Act 24, Geo. III., c. 53,
with regard to the collection of plate duty, and to the mark prescribed
for indicating its payment.
Another mark with reference to which no explanation appears to be
forthcoming, is the letter H in a square stamp, occasionally found with
the marks of John Keith (1794-1824) and Wm. Simpson (1840-55).
The following table illustrates examples of the marks of nearly all
the known Banff goldsmiths.

498

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON BANFF PLATE,
FROM ABOUT 1680 TO ABOUT 185O.

1
DATE MARKS.
(about).

maker's name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

680 M f^^

Wm.

Scott.

Beaker-shaped communion cup : Cullen.

^698 SS \JiAl% ID

Do.

do.

Do. do. do ; Banff.

70 ^ 0 ^ Q

Wm.

Scott, junr.

Table spoon : Mr. H. D. Ellis.

.75 ^gQ^liWW

Patk.

Scott.

/Table spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.
(Beaker-shaped com. cup : Auchterless.

750 j0g| \Jf^t EK

Alexr.

Shirras.

Table spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.

1775 ilM! PM

John

Argo.

Do. : Do. do.

17° EO CESQ

Do.

do.

Toddy ladle : Do. do.

'785

CaBQSSQ

Wm.

Byres.

Table spoon : Do. do.

1795

[SE!an@

John

Keith.

Tea-spoon : Lord Breadalbane.

¦•

mmo IS

Do.

do.

Table spoon : Do. do.

1800-20

@^ nr$^ fl

Do.

do.

Do. C& toddy ladle : Do. do.

"

@ m mwio

Do.

do.

Dessert spoon : Do. do.

¦'

gD ^

Do. Do.

do. do.

Tea-spoon : Do. do.
Gravy spoons : Do. do.

f^ mm

"

uid 15 la

Do.

do.

Toddy ladle : Do. do.

"

c^ § ^

Do.

do.

Four-pronged fork: Do. do.

,,

RK^ v»

(No

t identified)

Tea-spoon : Do. do.

1820
1835

re*!H 03

Geo.
John

Elder.®
McQueen.

Table spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.
Dessert spoon : .Mr. Chisholm.

\m M msi

1850

kvi£) m m

Wm.

Simpson.

Table spoon : Messrs. Smith & Rait.

"

»» »j

Do.

do.

Tea-spoon : Glasgow Exhibition.

on a comtu'ion cuprt'liynie'^ '''"''''' ^"''"^ ''"' ''^"" °^ ™°*^^ ^'^'^ ^'^^^ inaddition), is stamped

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

499

DUNDEE.
The goldsmiths of Dundee were also incorporated with other trades Dundee

under the common denomination of "Hammermen." This association of
trades was at one period discontinued, but it was subsequently revived.
The earliest reference to any goldsmith contained in the burgh
records is of the year 1550, when one David Stevenson, a goldsmith, is
mentioned. Of their charter no trace is to be found, and the oldest
record which pertains to the Dundee goldsmiths is known as the " locked-
book," the entries in which were commenced in 1587. It contains the
names of the master-goldsmiths then working and (with apparently
some omissions) the names of others admitted from that date down to the
nineteenth century.
The following list has been furnished to the author by the Marquess of
Breadalbane, for whom it was compiled by Mr. James Ramsay, of Dundee,
under the supervision of Mr. Thos. Thornton, the Town-clerk, who in
his official capacity has the custody of all the Dundee Records.
The names of watch and clock makers, jewellers and engravers are
included in the list as they often combined the trade of a gold and silver
smith with their principal business.
NAMES OF DUNDEE GOLDSMITHS,
From 1550 to 1834.
G.S.=Goldsmith ; S.S.^Silversmith ; W.M.^Watchmaker ; C.M.^Clockmaker ;
J. ^Jeweller ; E.=Engraver.
The date is that of admission as a " Hammerman " or earliest mention of name.

1550

David

Stevenson, G.S.

1764

John

Steven, G.S.

1587

Thomas

Ramsay, ,,

1767

James

Ivory, W. .M. (address in 1782 —

Charles

Ramsay, ,,

Cross).

1602

Thomas Lindsay, „

1782

Alexdr.

Ferguson, W. M. (address in

i5ii

Alexdr.

Duncan.

1782 — back of Guard).
,,
John
Ramsay.
,j
WilliaiT
Scott, J. (address in 1782 — Cross).
,,
Thomas
Kyd.
1795
Thomas
Ivory, W.M. & E. (son ot James
1628
Alexdr.
Lindsay, G.vS., son of James
Lindsay.
Ivory ; in 1809 at 18, High
Street, S.)
1660-
2 Thomas Lindsay. In the town council in
1803
Colin
Salmon, W.M. (in 1809, Over-
1660 and following years was a
gate, N.S.)
Thos. Lindsay who subscribed
1806
Willian-
Constable, S.S. J. & W.M.
the Act of Council, 14th Nov.,
(5, High Street, S.)
1668, ordaining " that no man
1809
Alexdr.
Buchan, CM. (Hill E.)
be admitted master without he
John
Crichton, W.M. (Castle Street).
give one faithful tryall of his
JJ
Tliomas
Dall, W.M. (.Murraygate).
profession."
JJ
Edward
Livingstone, J. & S.S. (top of
1664
William
Smith, W.M.
Castle Street, W.S. and 1809 &
1683
David
Scrymgeour, G.S.
1818-24-5, at 6, High Street).
,,
Robert
Gairdyne, or Gairdine, G.S.
JJ
David
Manson, J. & S.S. (1809-18, Crich
1700
George
Smith, Knocksmith (i.e., clock-
ton Street).
smith, clockmaker).
JJ
James
Robertson, W.M. (till 1845, High
1722
Charles
Dickson, G.S.
Street, removed in 1845-7 to 10,
1724
Alexdr.
Smith, CM. (son of George
Murraygate).
Smith).
,,
William Young, C. & W.M. (High St.)
1726
Alexdr.
Smith, G.S.
1817
William
Scott, jr., C & W.M.
1736
Charles
Farquharson, W.M. (address in
1782 — Cross).
1818
Alexdr.
Cameron,* J. S.S. C & W.M.
(till 1847 at 78, High Street).
1738
Charles
Dickson, G.S. (son of Charles
)3
John
Lundie, W.M. (46, High Street).
Dickson, Goldsmith).
William
Millar, J. (Nethergate, S.)
1763
William
Bisset, W.M. (address in 1782 —
Overgate).
1834
¦ Robert
Donaldson, J. & S.S. (till 1845 at
16, Crichton St. E.)
goldsmiths incorporated
with otiier
Hamiijcrinen.
The mark of Alexander Cameron is found on Newcastle Plate of i8ov6.
500 Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.
The Dundee Thc arms of the burgh of Dundee — adopted by its goldsmiths as
town-mark— a . ,
taken"rom"the their town-marlc — are azure a pot of growing lilies argent. It appears, with
bu"gh? "' one exception, upon every example of Dundee plate which the author has
seen.. The pot has always two handles, varying slightly in form, as do
the flowers, but all are easily recognisable by the general resemblance
they bear to each other. There were no such inexplicable varieties of the
town-mark used at Dundee as have been found to have been used at
Aberdeen and some other burghs.
Other marks used EaHy in thc nineteenth century Alexander Cameron added the mark
bv Dundee r- i t-. t
Goidsmitiis. of a thistle after the manner of the Edinburgh mark. The thistle mark
was used also by Edward Livingstone, and two other goldsmiths whose
initials were " RN " and " RH " respectively, but whose names have not
been ascertained. Cameron used an additional stamp bearing the town-
name PEE in full. A similar stamp was also used by a goldsmith with
initials " WK," whose name has not been ascertained. With the marks
of R.H. a crown in an octagonal stamp, and a mark resembling a basket
appear ; and the marks of W. K. are accompanied by an incuse star of
six points charged with a pellet.
From an early date in the eighteenth century various single letters
occur with the other marks, some being Script others Roman, and one a
small Black-letter Ut. These can scarcely have been " date-letters " in
the sense generally understood by that expression. They were perhaps
used to indicate some kind of test or assay to which the plate had been
subjected. The dates placed before the names in the list of goldsmiths, and (in
parentheses) after the names in the table of marks are not in all cases the
dates of admission, but the dates when the names are found first
mentioned. For instance, the date (1683) appended to the name of
Robert Gairdine is half a century later than the date of some of his work
and 1683 may be the date (or about the date) of his death, as cups made
by him are found dated 1631, 1643 and 1648 respectively. There may
of course have been two goldsmiths whose initials were R.G. and the
earlier perhaps was the father of the Robert Gairdine mentioned in 1683.
Again, the mark of John Steven, whose name is found mentioned in
1 764, is stamped on a rat-tail tablespoon belonging to Lord Breadalbane,
which has every appearance of having been made not later than 1730.
The observations, therefore, which have been made with reference to
Robert Gairdine may be applied, mutatis mutandis, to John Steven.

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

501

MARKS ON DUNDEE PLATE,
FROM ABOUT 1628 TO ABOUT 184O.
The date in the first column is the approximate date of the plate ; that in the third column
is the date when the name has been found mentioned.

DATE
(about).

MARKS.

maker's name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1628

EilJI y EQ

Alexr. Lindsay (1628)

Com. cups: Kettins and Bel-
helvie.

I63I1643

f^ 0

Robt. Gairdine (mentioned 1683)
Do. do.

Com. cup, dated 1631 : Brechin.
Do. do. 1643 : Do.

1648

GS @ GS
CD @ 03

Do. do.

r Do. do. 1648: Do.
s Tazza-shaped cup : Exeter
'. College, Oxford.

1667

Thos. Lindsay (1662)

Com. cup, dated 1667: St.
Vigeans, Arbroath.

1722

mi @ \m®

Chas. Dickson (1722)

Table spoons : Glasgow Exhib.

1730

s@ ^ dS EH

John Steven (mentioned 1764)

Rat-tail spoon : The Marquess
of Breadalbane, K.G.

1742

m " m^

Alexr. Johnston (1739)

Baptismal basin, dated 1742 :
Oathlaw.

1776

Wm. Scott (1776)
Do. do.

Hash spoon and table spoons: The
Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.
Com. cup : Oathlaw.

^ ^ § SD

.'Vlexr. Cameron (1818)

Three-pronged forks : The
Marquess of Breadalbane.

ran << Q ••

Edwd. Livingstone (1809)

Toddy ladle : Glasgow Exhib.

^ " a "HP
-Alexr. Cameron (1818)
rTea-spoon : The Marquess of
¦J Breadalbane, K.G.
y Hash spoon : Birm. Assay Off.
G&l @ @ 0
••¦¦Robt. Naughton?
Sugar tongs: The i\Iarquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.
1800
caa •>
jTlios. Stewart ?
Toddy ladles : Do.
TO ^
rara >>
Wm. Constable (1806)
Tea & caddy spoon : Do.
1840
(iliJ@@0(§)^
(Not identified).
Table spoon : Do.
Ml @ )4^ on
Edwd. Livingstone (i8og)
Do. : Do.
>iiCii^x:t
(Not identified).
Do. : Do.
dE^ 0 ^
David Manson (1809)
Tea-spoon : Birm. Assay Office.
Do. do.
Soup ladle : Messrs. Smith &
Rait.
¦® Probably Robert Naughton vsho worked at Inverness in 1813. The same R N and thistle
stamps are found on an Inverness table spoon and toddy ladle (see Inverness Table).
f Probably Thos. Stewart, one of the ro^-ing goldsmiths referred to in connection with Inverness
(infra).
502

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Elgin Goldsmiths
probably never
incorporated.

The Elgin
town -mark.

ELGIN.
There does not appear to have been any Incorporation of goldsmiths
at Elgin, and the earliest mention of any goldsmith in the burgh records
is in 1 70 1, when the elder and younger Scott were admitted freemen.
The entries are : —

"1701 William Scott (the elder)'" and
,, William Scott (the younger)'* being found
qualified in their trade of gold
and silversmiths are admitted
freemen.
1712 James Guthrie (from Edinburgh),having
satisfied the hammermen craft
that he was a duly qualified gold
and silversmith was admitted a
freeman.

•I7I5

Alex.

1720

James

1729

Wm.

175+

James

1790 1808

Innes.
Tait. Livingston.
Humphrey, to whom were
bound as apprentices,
M'Beath
and
John Cruickshank.
Chas. Fowler.
John Keith."

John

The town-mark was the name of the burgh, usually contracted
either as ELG or ELN, but sometimes in full, as in one of the marks of
Chas. Fowler. With some of the earlier examples the figure of a mother
and child in an upright oblong stamp is found. From about 1790 to
about 1830 a stamp representing the west front of Elgin Cathedral
Church was added, which was sometimes accompanied by another stamp
representing the figure of St. Giles, its patron saint. In one instance
(with the marks of Wm. Livingstone of 1728,) the letter O is found, as
with the Glasgow marks of Milne & Campbell and John Donald. On a
tea-spoon of about 1820 a thistle in an oval stamp occurs, in addition to
the Elgin stamp and the initials W.F.
The table below illustrates all the examples of Elgin marks which
have been noted by the author. In the third line the letter A in a
separate stamp will be observed. Mr. Brook has noted an example in
which he found the letter B in a separate stamp. No explanation can be
given of these letters other than that suggested in the case of Dundee.
MARKS ON ELGIN PLATE,

FROM ABOUT 1728 TO ABOUT

1830.

DATE
(about).

MARKS.

maker's name.

articles and owners.

1728

C2i /^ g}

Wm.

Livingston.

Com. cup dated 1728 : Boharne.

17301754

OfB 1 Of3

E.
James

R 
Humphrey.

Table spoon, embossed back : The
Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.
Do. do. do.

^nsm^uf3<

(skai \AM

Chas.

Fowler.

Table forks (three pronged) : Do.

1790 to /

•' " i

Do.

do.

Tea-spoons : Glasgow Exhibition.

1820

&si IIM9S1" P

Do.

do.

Table spoon : Do. do.

6Zi " (^

W.

F 

Tea spoon : Lord Breadalbane.

1830

b««l laUJJ 9

Thos,

Stewart.f

Toddy ladle : Do. do.

••" The names of the elder and younger Wm. Scott appear also in the .Aberdeen and Banff lists.
X The name of Thos. Stewart is mentioned in connection with Inverness, and his mark of about
1830 is included in the Inverness Table.

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

503

GREENOCK.
The goldsmiths of Greenock do not appear to have ever been no incoqwration
incorporated, and the names of those who worked there can only be Gm,!ork.'"" '''
traced in directories, and burgh or parish records, where their names and
calling are incidentally mentioned. The names of those appearing in the
table below have been so found. The names of John Campbell, Long
Vennel, John McFarlane and John Menzies appear in directories of
Glasgow and district between 1780 and 1800, as Greenock goldsmiths
and jewellers, but no examples of plate made by them have been seen by
the author, and whether they ever made any is uncertain.
The marks found on Greenock plate are an anchor, a ship in full
sail, a green oak (obviously a rebus representing the name of the town),
or some one or two of them, and the maker's initials. In one case a rat (or
mouse) sejant, is found, and in another a crescent enclosing a mullet.
The letter S was probably meant to indicate sterling or standard.
The letters G and C may have some reference to an assay, as suggested
in the case of Dundee.
MARKS ON GREENOCK PLATE,
FROM ABOUT 1750 TO ABOUT 183O.

Greenock mark^;.

DATE
(about).

MARKS.

maker's n.\me.

ARTICLES AXD OWNERS.

1750

Kaa@Esoi®

w.

L 

Table spoons

Messrs Smith & Rait.

[ ^@g @

Jonas

Osborne,

Do. do.

Glasgow Exhib., 1901.

1765

tt »» »»
If » t tt

Do.Do.

do.do.

Do. do.
Do. do.

Do. do.
Do. do.

E2lQ@

Do.

do.

Do. do.

Lord Breadalbane.

ESS ^ E!3@

James

Taylor, of Glasgow.

Do. do.

Messrs. Smith & Rait.

1780

®D @® 0

G.

B 

Do. do.

Lord Breadalbane.

® - ^sO
W.
C 
Do. do.
. Do. do.
' ^^ " " " "
John
Heron.
Do. and gravy spoon : Do.
It M If
Do.
do.
Dessert spoons : Do.
1800
tfjft " •> " "
Thos.
Davie.
Table spoon :
Glasgow Exhibition.
»t »« >• M
Do.
do.
Toddy ladle
Lord Breadalbane.
no " " " "
John
Heron.
Table spoon :
Glasgow Exhibition.
1800 TO
1830
fM! S (Ml
J. & G
Do.
W. H.
1
Heron ?
do.
T 
Tea-spoon Toddy ladle :
Tea-spoon :
Do. do.
Lord Breadalbane.
Do. do. do.
504

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Earliest known
work of any
Inverness gold
smith is of about
1640.

No official records
ot Inverness
goldsmiths earlier
than 1740 are
known.

Earliest Inverness
town-mark is
" INS."
Later additional
marks are a
cornucopia and a
dromedary.

INVERNESS.
The earliest date which can be assigned to any known work by an
Inverness goldsmith is about the year 1640. This is the approximate date
of a quaich in the collection of the Marquess of Breadalbane made by a gold
smith whose initials (MK conjoined) are also to be found on a communion
cup inscribed " Given by Iohn Nicolson, writer in Edn" to the Kirk
OF Forress Anno 1643 and repaired 1724 by y" annual rents of morti
fications LEFT BY THE DoNATOR TO THIS BURGH." The name of this gold
smith has not been discovered, nor has the identity been ascertained of
three others who used the letters MR, ML, and the single letter M,
respectively, as their marks. It is, however, known from the endorse
ment of the draft ofthe circular letter sent about 1687 by the Goldsmiths'
Incorporation of Edinburgh to provincial goldsmiths, that one, by name
" Robert Elphingstoun," carried on the business of a goldsmith at
Inverness at that time, but no example of his work has been found.
There appear to be no official records known containing the names
of Inverness goldsmiths of a period anterior to about 1740. A chrono
logical list has, however, been compiled by Mr. James MacBean, of
Inverness, giving substantially all the names of goldsmiths -who worked
there from that date to the present day. This list having been courteously
placed at the author's disposal, the names of the makers of most of the
kno-wn Inverness plate will be found in the follo-wing table annexed to
their marks. The Stewarts, whose names appear in the list, were members
of a family of goldsmiths who worked in the North of Scotland for about
two centuries. They lived to all intents and purposes the lives of gipsies,
moving about from town to town, the material which they -wrought being
found by their customers, as was the custom in the old days. They
stayed at each place long enough to execute the work -with which they
were entrusted, and then tramped to the next to-wn, returning after a time,
and repeating their round of travels as before. Hence their marks as
makers, are found on plate with the town-marks of Dundee, Elgin,
Inverness, Tain, and Wick, in each of which they worked in turn,
while, strictly speaking, they belonged to none.
The earliest known Inverness town-mark is, (as in the case of Aber
deen, Banff and Elgin,) an abbreviated form of the town-name, the letters
" INS " in an oblong punch. It is so found on almost all the known
examples of Inverness plate. Early in the eighteenth century an additional
stamp representing a cornucopia — the crest of the burgh — was used along
with the town-mark. In two instances it appears to have been used
instead of the usual town-mark, but its use was by no means con
tinuous ; it is found at intervals from about 171 5 to about 181 5. From
about 1740 a further additional stamp representing a dromedary — the
dexter supporter of the burgh arms and the central device in the burgh
seal — was occasionally used with the town-mark, and in one instance it
IS found used with the cornucopia : the usual town mark being absent.
In the nineteenth century a stamp representing a thistle is occasionally
found ; two or three anomalous marks and letters, the meaning of which
IS not apparent, have also been found. In the latest example, the town-
mark is "INVS."

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks,
MARKS ON INVERNESS PLATE,

505

FROM ABOUT 164O TO 1880. — (thE DATES

are approximate).

D.^TE.
{about).

MARKS.

maker's name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1640

(SB FITS

M.

K 

Quaich : The Marquess ol Breadalbane, K.G.

1643

„ „ ^

Do.

do.

Com. cup, given 1643 : Forres.

1680

CS3 (ES

M.

R 

Mug : Messrs. Ferguson & MacBean.

1708

^ " IS$

M.

L 

Quaich: Glasgow Exhibition, igoi.

I7I5 1720

so If^^

M 
I 

Two-handled cup : Messrs. Ferguson
& MacBean.
Rat-tailed gravy and table spoons :
The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.

R.

1740

0 OSS s

John

Baillie.

Quaich : Glasgow Exhibition.

"

TB GS tUQ

Thos.

Baillie.

Plaid brooch : Museum of Soc. Antiq.,
Edinburgh.

1770

m wvA

Alexr.

Stewart.

Table spoon: Glasgow Exhibition.

1780

las C3 @B^

Robert

Anderson.

Soup ladle and spoons : The Marquess
of Breadalbane, K.G.

1790

ES OSB @

.Alexr.

Stewart, jr.

Toddy ladle : Glasgow Exhibition.

1 800

(No maker's mark)
Jameson &. Naughton.
Small quaich: The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.
J Mustard spoons : The Marquess of Breadalbane.
( Dessert spoons : Mr. Fitzhenry, S. Ken. Museum.
IVTn r>m ^a c
Tpi -t;onon ' I m"d Breadalbane
>1
Donald
iVl cLL^Iiicl^.
Fraser.
Toddy ladle : Do. do.
1810
@n^Ga@3
Charles
Jamieson.
Soup ladle : Do. do.
"
It «» 1'
Do.
do.
Small quaich : Do. do.
I8I5
GsaO @
Robt.
Naughton.
Table spoon and toddy ladles : Glasgow
Exhibition, igoi.
1820
EsaiESOO
Alexr.
MacLeod.
Tea-spoon : Lord Breadalbane.
1830
ES MiK1 ^
Thos.
Stewart.
Toddy ladle : Glasgow Exhibition.
>J
Donald
Fraser.
Table spoon : Lord Breadalbane.
"
09 \iM «
Alexr.
Stewart.
Dessert spoon : B'ham Assay Office.
1840
sa
Mark noted by Mr. James MacBean.
1857
FBROS
Ferguson
Brothers.
Do. do. do. do.
1880
(oa ESa ic^
Ferguson
& MacBean.
Small ornaments : The Makers.
5o6

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The names of only
four of tlie early
goidsmitiis of
Montrose are

Tlie Montrose
" town mark"
was a rose.

MONTROSE.
Of the Montrose goldsmiths the names of four have been found, viz.,
William Lindsay (1671-1708), David Ouchterlony (c. 1687), David Lyon
(1718) and Thomas Johnston (1752).
The name of William Lindsay occurs in the Montrose Kirk Session
Records for 1708, and his mark is found on eight communion cups — the
oldest dated 1671 — of excellent design and workmanship, in different
churches. Of David Ouchterlony no more is known than that his name,
as a goldsmith then working at Montrose, is endorsed on the draft of the
letter previously mentioned, of the year 1687 or thereabouts, at Gold
smith's Hall, Edinburgh. The name of David Lyon occurs in the Kirk
Session Records for the year 17 18. The name of Thomas Johnston
occurs in the same Records for the year 1752, and his mark is stamped
on a pair of communion cups at Marykirk Montrose.
The Montrose town-mark was a rose. As found on the cups made
by William Lindsay it is a double rose (like that associated with the
Tudor dynasty,) in a circular punch, generally struck twice, with
Lindsay's own mark — WL surmounted by a crown, with a hammer
between the letters — occupying a central position between the two roses.
In the earlier examples of Lindsay's mark a hand is seen grasping the
hammer, but in the later examples the hand is absent. The town-mark
on the cup made by Thomas Johnston is a single rose in a plain shield.
On the plain cup at Laurencekirk the letter E is stamped, and on the
Marykirk cups the letter B, the meaning of which is not apparent.

MARKS ON MONTROSE PLATE.

D.ITE
(about).

MAKER S NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1671
1680-3 17.^2

11 11 »»

@

15] {3

Wm. Lindsay.
Do. do.
Do. do,
Thos. Johnston.

I Com. cups, " gifted 1671 " • Forfar.
( Spoon with flat stem : Mr. W. Boore
Com. cup, "given 1688" : Laurence
kirk, Montrose.
Com. cups, "gifted 1680": Bervie,
and (1683) Aberlemno.
I Do. do. : Marykirk, Montrose.
\ Table spoon : Mr. H. Dawson.

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

507

PERTH.
The goldsmiths of Perth had no distinct guild, but were associated
with the blacksmiths, whitesmiths, gunsmiths, armourers, brass workers,
pewterers, watch and clock makers, carriage makers, bell hangers, potters,
and saddlers in the Hammermen's Incorporation. Whether they were
incorporated by charter is not known. There is no charter in existence,
and if there ever was one it has been lost or destroyed.
The goldsmiths' art is said to have been practised in Perth in the
thirteenth century by one Henry the Bald, but the earliest minutes date
from the year 15 18. They are contained in a book in which the first
entry is dated 1584, when by order of the craft the original minutes of
1518-84 were copied from an older book which is not now to be found.
The names of eighteen goldsmiths entered in the minute-book of
the Perth Hammermen's Incorporation from 1567 to 1808, appear below.
In most cases the marks which they used are sketched in the book at the
side of their names. Of these, four were deacons of the Incorporation.
Other goldsmiths worked in Perth at various dates, in addition to those
whose names appear below, but as the minute-book frequently omits to
state the calling of the members of the Incorporation, their identification
is extremely difficult. Perth marks have been found on spoons and
punch ladles of the first half of the nineteenth century with marks of
makers whose names the author has also been unable to trace.
The following names were copied from the minute-books of the
Hammermen's Incorporation by Mr. David Hepburn for the Marquess
of Breadalbane, to whose courtesy the author is indebted for this list.

The Perth Gold
smiths were
associated with
other crafts in
a Guild of
Hammermen.

The Minutes date
from isiS.

NAMES OF PERTH GOLDSMITHS.

DATE OF

DATE OF

NAME OF GOLDSMITH.
REMARKS.
NAME OF GOLDSMITH.
MENTIONED.
ADMISSION.
ADMISSION.
Findlay-goldsmyth.
Mentioned in
1808
John Scott.
(c. 1518-32)
minutes.
,,
John Sid.
Adam Denholme.
Deacon 1567.
David Greig.
1810
Robert Ramsay.
Deacon 1604,
1610-12.
Colin Richardson.
John Hogg.
1813
Robert Gardiner.
Deacon 1669,
Charles Murray.
1816
1673-9-
Robert Greig.
1817
1772
James Cornfute.
James Stobie.
1821
1791
Robert Keay.
Robert Keay (Jr.)
1825
R. & R. Keay.
Partners,c.i795.
John Pringle.
1827
1795
Wm. Ritchie.
Deacon 1806-8.
Colin Pensford.
1829
1804
Thomas Sim.
David Greig (Jr.)
1850
5o8

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The ancient name
of Perth was
St. John's-toun.

The earliest
" town-mark,"
lamb and flag.

Afterwards an
eagle displayed,
both taken from
the burgh arms.

The ancient name of Perth was St. John's-toun, and its device — a
lamb bearing the banner of St. Andrew — was the earliest known town-
mark of the Perth Goldsmiths. This mark as illustrated in the following
table, has been found in four different forms on domestic spoons (with
trifid ends to the stems) of about 1670-80, on communion cups at
Coupar Angus and Muthil of a few years' later date, and on cups, as
well as other articles of plate ranging in date from about 1675 to 1710.
On work of later date the more modern town-mark — an eagle displayed
— is found, adopted from the arms of the burgh, which are : an Imperial
eagle surmounted on the breast with an escutcheon charged with the holy
lamb passant reguardant carrying the banner of St. Andreiv. This device,
with the motto Pro rege lege et grege, is on the burgh seal as here
illustrated : —

The device on
the Perth burgh
seal.

The eagle some
times with one
head only.

In the more modern town-mark the eagle is sometimes found with
one head only, differing from the "charge" in the burgh arms : probably
by reason of inattention to precedent on the part of the die-sinker.
In only one mark as yet discovered — that of Robert Keay, junior
(1821) — is the escutcheon charged with the lamb, bearing the banner of
St. Andrew, defined. Mr. Brook has noted this instance, but the lamb
as seen in the mark is too small to be represented in print, except on a
greatly enlarged scale, which would be out of proportion with the other
marks illustrated here in facsimile.
In the first two lines of marks in the table there are letters (J5 and 3
respectively), the signification of which is not apparent. In later examples
the letter S appears, probably indicative of the standard or sterling quality
of the silver used. With the marks of John Sid the figures of a cup and
an ewer appear, and in two other instances a mark resembling the
Glasgow town-mark is added to the Perth mark.

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

509

MARKS ON PERTH PLATE.
The date in the first column is the approximate date of the plate ; that after a maker's name is the
date of his admission to the Incorporation of Hammermen.

DATE
(about).

1675 16801687 I7IO1772 1780 I79I1800

I8I5I8I6

1830

1830 to
1850

1856

IBS C3 0
ESS E3 GS
OS Q €S @
nra 0 EIB 0
[120000] 03 0 E3
EO "
nm .»
GX3 »»

MAKER S NAME.

W.

M.

Robert Gardiner (1669)
Do. do. „
William Scott, of Banff.
James Cornfute (1772)
T. F 
Robert Keay (1791)
William Ritchie (1796)
John Sid (i
R. & R. Keay.
David Greig (c. 1810)
Charles iNlurray (1816)
(No maker s mark)
Robert Greig (1817)
Robert Keay, jr. (1825)
A. M 
John Pringle (1827)
Robert Keay, jr. (1825)
John Pringle (1827)
J. K 
R. D 
David Greig, jr.

Table spoon, trifid end : Mr. J. H.
Walter.
Do. do. do. : Messrs. Crichton.
rPair of cups : The Earl of Kinnoul.
\ Com. cup, dated 1687 : Coupar
I Angus.
Hash spoon : The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.
Six table spoons : The Marquess of
Breadalbane, K.G.
Tablespoon: Glasgow Exhibition.
Salt spoons and toddy ladle : The
Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.
Tea-spoons : Lord Breadalbane.
Do. : Do. do.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Do. : Do. do.
Do. & toddy ladle : do.
Do. & sugar tongs : do.
Tea-spoon : Glasgow Exhibition,
Do. : Lord Breadalbane.
Two punch ladles : Birm. Assay Off.
Tea-spoon : Lord Breadalbane.
Do. : Do. do.
Do. : Do.

Mustard spoon ; Do.
Punch ladle : Do.
Tea-spoon : Do.

do.
do. do.do.

Tea-spoon, (also Edinbro' marks of
1856-7) : Lord Breadalbane.

IO

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks,

ST. ANDREWS.
The above marks, found on a communion cup dated 1671 belong
ing to the Town Church, St. Andrews, and on a salt-cellar of about the
same date belonging to St. Mary's College, illustrate the St. Andrews
town-mark — a saltire or St, Andrew's cross — and the mark of the gold
smith — Patrick Gairden — who made both examples of plate.
STIRLING.

The second of these two marks is believed to be the town-mark of
Stirling; the first is a maker's mark. Both occur on an oval tobacco box
of about the last quarter ofthe seventeenth century, in the collection ofthe
Marquess of Breadalbane. The lid of the box is engraved with a coat of
arms and an inscription in the style of the period of Charles II. The
name of the maker — whose initials GR appear in his mark under a
mermaid and star of six points, in an oval stamp — is not known.
What are believed to be other Stirling marks are here illus-
trated:- ^ jgj
These marks were found on an eighteenth century table spoon in the
Glasgow Exhibition of 1901. Similar marks were found by Mr. A. J. S.
Brook* on two table spoons belonging to an old Stirling family.
The arms of Stirling are : — on a mount a castle, triple towered. The
second mark in the first example, and the first in the second, are supposed
to be crude representations of a triple towered castle.
TAIN.
Mr. Brook makes several incidental references to goldsmiths who
phed their craft in Tain, the county town of Ross-shire.*
The town-mark is the town name in Roman or Italic capital letters,
accompanied in some instances with the mark of a Scotch thistle.
The marks illustrated below are on articles of plate of about the end
of the eighteenth century.

MARKS.

ARTICLES AND OWNER.

Toddy ladle : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.
Dinner fork ; Do. do.
Tea-spoon Do. do.

CSV^TTn "

¦•" See Old Scottish Communion Plate, p. 597.

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks. 5 1 1
WICK.
The town-mark of Wick, the principal burgh in Caithness, was the
name of the town as illustrated above. The marks occur on a tea-spoon,
of about the end of the eighteenth or beginning of the nineteenth century,
belonging to Lord Breadalbane. The name of the maker has not been
ascertained. In some of the Scottish provincial burghs the manufacture of small
articles of plate was continued after the passing of the Statute 6 and 7,
Wm. IV. c. 69, which from the year 1836 gave to the Edinburgh Gold
smiths' Incorporation, jurisdiction over the whole of Scotland, excepting
the Glasgow district. The manufacture of small articles, such as mounts
for dirks and their sheaths, plaid brooches and other ornaments, was
continued through the nineteenth century and is carried on at the present
day in Aberdeen and Inverness. Such small articles being exempt from
liability to be assayed, and from payment of duty (during the time when
a duty was levied on plate,) are not within the operation of the above
statute and are stamped with the local marks only.* When, as has
frequently happened, larger articles which come within the operation of
the statute are made in any provincial burgh they have to be sent to the
assay office at Edinburgh (if within the Glasgow district to Glasgow) to
be assayed and marked, and in these cases the articles are impressed
with the marks of the assay office as well as those of the provincial
maker.
"•¦•¦ See the list of articles exempt from liability to be assayed on page 70 ante.

UNASCRIBED SCOTTISH MARKS.
0© m st?
The above three marks occur on half-a-dozen semi-rat-tail spoons,
which appear to have been made about 1730, belonging to the Marquess
of Breadalbane. There are similar marks on a pair of beaker-shaped
communion cups which were given to the church at Drainie-by-Elgin in
1 750. A mark resembling the first of the above three is also stamped on a
fork with a seal at the end, (probably made about 1700,) in the Edinburgh
Museum. In " Old Enghsh Plate " it is stated that a mark somewhat
similar to the last of the above three occurs on a communion cup, dated
1633, at Fintray, Aberdeenshire, which is a mistake, as the mark on the
Fintray cup, which is something like a. fleur-de-lys, but more like a spear
head, is an engraved ornament, and not a stamped goldsmith's mark, the
stamped marks, moreover, are not AH in monogram as there represented.
The above marks have not yet been identified as pertaining to &ny Scottish
goldsmith, nor to any particular place, but the articles on which the
marks are stamped appear to be Scotch, and are believed to be such.

512

Scottish Provincial Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The following marks have been found on articles of plate also believed
to be of Scottish manufacture. With two or three exceptions the articles
have been found in Scotland, and the thistle-mark on the greater number
of them points to a Scottish origin, but the author has not been able to
locate with certainty the place where any one of them was made.
THE DATES APPENDED — WHICH ARE CONJECTURED APPROXIMATELY — ARE SUCH AS THE CHARACTER
OF THE ARTICLE AND STYLE OF THE WORK IN EACH CASE SUGGEST.

DATE
(about).

MARKS.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1690

0 <33

Folding rat-tail spoon : Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh.

1700

83

Fork, with seal at end : Do. do. do.

1750

EIS A 0

Table-spoon : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.

)>

^ OS CB

Small bowl : Messrs. Crichton.

"

Oi oa »f«i SI

Large soup ladle : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.

))

5^ HB ®

Small quaich : Mr. Nyberg.

»

ms\^m^

,;, f Bonbonniere : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.
( Table-spoons : Lord Newlands.

1760

^030

Tea-spoons : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.

1770

H'l'HT,^;!

Tea-spoon : Do. do.
Table spoon : Do. do.

\kii'>iA

,.

faa c:>

Dessert spoon : Messrs. Mackay & Chisholm.

1780

VS!i

Sugar tongs : The Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G.

"

09

Tea-spoon : Do. do.

1790

G!^ 131 © a ©

Fiddle-pattern sauce ladle • Lord Breadalbane.

1800

? ^ ? r^

f Shell pattern caddy spoon : Do. do.

"

nra M 0

Small tea-spoon . Do. do.

Jj

im •'

Salt spoon : Do. do

>•

mm EIS

Tea-spoon : Do. do.

"

0 (Sm) n 1^

Table spoon and mounts of shell snuff-box : The Marquess
of Breadalbane, K.G.

1816

X Pepper caster : Messrs. Crichton.

! Lord Breadalbane suggests that these marks emanate from some place near Glasgow.
T It has been suggested that these are Leith marks.
X It is with considerable hesitation that this line of marks is included. The work, however, not
appearing to be continental, as suggested by the striking of the full date " 1816," the marks have been
placed here as " doubtful Scotch because of the thistle

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks. 513

CHAPTER XXII.
THE IRISH GOLDSMITHS
AND THEIR MARKS.

THE GOLDSMITHS OF DUBLIN.
The existence of highly skilled goldsmiths in Ireland at a period Eariy Dublin
Goldsmiths.
anterior to the Norman Conquest is referred to in Chapter I. Many
famous examples of their work, of great antiquity and extraordinary
artistic merit, are preserved in the National Museum, Dublin.* In the
Dublin Roll of Names,-\ a document which appears to have been written
about the latter part of the twelfth century, the following goldsmiths are
mentioned : —
WiUielmus aurifaber de Srobesburi, (Shrewsbury) Rogerus aurifaber,
WiUielmus aurifaber, Giles aurifaber, and Godardus aurifaber
de London,
In the list of free citizens of Dublin, 1225-50, the names of Thomas
and John, goldsmiths, and William de St, Helena, goldsmith, are included.'!'
The name of Oliver de Nichol, goldsmith, occurs in a Dublin "Gild
Merchant" roll of 1226, and in one of 1257 the names ofthe following
goldsmiths occur : — William Frend, Maurice of Connaught, and Cristinus.
In the accounts of the Seneschal of the Holy Trinity Priory, Dublin,
for the year 1344J the name of Walter the goldsmith appears as having
received 9d. for marking one dozen pewter saucers, one dozen dishes,
one dozen plates and two chargers, which had been purchased for the
use of the prior.
In the fifteenth century the following goldsmiths were admitted to
the freedom of the city of Dublin : —

i^6g. Patrick Kenne, and
Nicholas Browne.
1473. Dermot Lynchy.

1474- John Savage.
1477. Walter Folk (Foley ?).
1482. Meiler Trevers,

'¦' For a description of these see Dr. Joyce's "Social History of Ancient Ireland" (2 vols.
Longmans, 1903).
f " Historic and Municipal Documents " vol. i. (Sir J. Gilbert). See also a paper by Mr. H. F.
Berry in the Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, vol. xxxi, pp. 119-38 (1901).
X " Account Roll, Holy Trinity Priory 1337-46 " (Mills).

514

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Earliest reference
to a Guild of
Goldsmiths(1498J.

DublinGoldsmiths incorporated
prior to 1555,
but Charter
accidentally
burnt.

Goldsmiths ask
the Dublin City
Council to
concedeprivileges like
those conferred
by their burnt
Charter.

Request granted,
1557-

The earliest known reference to a Guild of Goldsmiths in Ireland is
contained in the archives of the Dublin Corporation, where it is recorded
that on the festival of Corpus Christi in the year 1498 the goldsmiths of
the city were represented by members of their guild who " rode worship-
fully with the ' offerance,' and a star before them." The inclusion of gold
in the offering probably suggested the guild being represented in that
manner. The date of the first incorporation of the Dublin goldsmiths is not
now known, nor by whom their first charter was granted. They, how
ever, appear to have presented a petition to the City Corporation in the
year 1555, stating that the charter which they had possessed had been
accidentally burnt, and praying that the enjoyment of the privileges to
which they were entitled under it might be continued. In April 1557
(3 and 4 Philip and Mary) they applied to the City Assembly for leave to
bring in a copy of the enrolment of their charter. Their application was
granted, as testified by the following minute in the Dublin Corporation
Records : —
" April 1557. It is ordained and agreed by authority aforesaid that the Cor
poration of Goldsmiths of this city for that their Charter by chance was burnt,
that bringing the true copy of the enrolment of their charter hither before Mr.
Mayor and Sheriffs they shall have the exemplification thereof under the common
seal of this city."
In October of the same year the Goldsmiths again appeared before
the City Council and stated that they had been incorporated by the pro
genitors of Queen Mary, and that privileges such as were usual in the
case of similar fraternities had been conferred on them by their charter
which had been accidentally burnt. They besought the Council to pro
hibit foreigners from practising the art of the goldsmith in the city, and
made certain other requests, which were granted, as appears by the
following minute : —
" The fourth Friday after Michaelmas (^glh Septr.), 1557 ; — Whereas, as well by
the humble supplication of the Goldsmiths of this City made unto us the Mayor and
Sheriffs citizens and Commonalty of this city of Dublin in our assembly presently
holden the fourth Friday after the feast of St. Michael the .\rchangel in the fourth
and fifth years of our Sovereign Lord and Lady, Iving Philip and Queen Mary,
as by ancient writing exhibited by them it doth appear that they have been from
ancient time incorporate by the progenitors of our said sovereign Lady and en
dowed with privileges as is accustomable used in cases of like fraternities erected,
which their charter was by misfortune burnt as they do grievously complain,
whereupon they do humbly beseech us to relieve them with grant from us that no
foreigner shall exercise the faculty within tiiis francliise but that the same mav
be used and practised in such decent and comely order as heretofore it hath been

The Goldsmiths of Dublin.

515

in this city, and presently in all places of civil rule and regiment. We, well con
sidering the same their request to stand with reason and to be much beneficial for
all their Majesties' subjects, do by these presents by the authority of this present
assembly, grant and agree that John Hanne, John Latton, Terence Byrne and
Adam Colman, goldsmiths of this city and free citizens of the same, shall use and
exercise within the franchise of this city the art or faculty of goldsmiths as
brethren of that art or science ; and that they shall yearly choose of themselves
and such other as they shall admit and receive into their fellowship or brother
hood a master and two wardens, as in other fraternities of this city is used, and
that the said master and wardens with the rest of the fraternity, shall assemble
themselves together and make and establish orders and laws for the good and
reasonable use of the said faculty and for the peaceable conservation of the brethren
thereof, and that none shall within this city or franchise thereof, use or exercise
the said art or faculty of goldsmith unless he be thereunto received, admitted and
allowed by the master and wardens for the time being, upon pain to be punished
as other usurpers upon any franchise or liberty within this city may by the point
of the same charters be corrected and punished, and the said master and wardens
shall have the correction order and punishment of all such of the .said faculty as
shall be found within this city or franchise to violate or break these good orders
or otherwise to offend in anything touching the said faculty or art in such and
like manner as other masters and wardens in this city may : And that they shall
have and appoint such officers and ministers as shall be requisite for their fraternity
and fellowship. Provided that the Mayor of this city for the time being shall
have the oversight and correction of these orders and doings so oft as he sliall
think expedient. Provided also that none shall be admitted to the said fraternity
without he be of English name and blood of honest conversation and also free
citizen of this city. And also it is granted by the authority of this said assembly
that none of the faculty or art of goldsmith shall be admitted or received into the
franchise of this city, unless he be first admitted and received to use the said faculty
by the master and wardens for the time being."
" In witness whereof the said Mayor, Sheriffs, citizens and Commonalty have
caused the common seal of the said city to be herewith appended. Dated the
day and year above written.'"*
The goldsmiths appear not to have restricted members of other crafts
from joining their association, for it is recorded that in 1590 the master
and company of the goldsmiths were fined £\o for admitting Thadius
Tole, coppersmith, he not being sworn a freeman of the city. The fine
was afterwards reduced to ^5. It is also recorded that in 1593 the Cor
poration of Smiths and Goldsmiths took a lease for sixtyone years of
premises "on Gormond's, otherwise Ormond's Gate, at a rental of 4s."*
In 1640 the lease was renewed for a further term of sixtyone years at a
rental of ^8.
No entry occurs in the records down to the end of the sixteenth
century with reference to any "touch" for gold or silver. There appears

Four goldsmiths
appointed by the
city council lo
choose annually
a master and two
wardens to
f-overn the craft.

" Dublin Corporation Records," edited by Sir J. Gilbert.

5i6

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

.4.D. ifioj :
Resolution of
Dublin City
Council.

Every goldsmith
to have a special
mark, and all
plate made for
sale to be
stamped with the
figures of a lion,
a harp, and a
castle.

to have been no regular assay and no marks required to be stamped on
wrought gold or silver. Fraudulent practices and abuses appear to have
been resorted to, respecting which complaints had been made from time
to time, and in order to maintain the standard of silver wares, it was
resolved by the Dublin City Council in the year 1605* that thenceforward
certain marks should be stamped on all wrought plate, which in quality
should be equal to the silver standard coin then current, and provision
was made for testing the quality, as appears in the following minute : —
" The 4th Friday after Sept. 29th, 1605.
Whereas the Commons complained that whereas in time past there hath
been great abuse in this city by the indirect and sinister dealing of the goldsmiths,
and that there hath for many years been divers parcels of plate made of every
base and corrupt silver, notwithstanding they have by credible report received
good silver of those that caused it to be made, greatly hindering the flourishing
state of this Commonwealth, for remedy whereof it is therefore ordered and agreed
by the authority aforesaid, that every goldsmith that shall exercise that trade
within this city shall have a special mark to stamp all such plate as he shall work
or sell, and withall that the Mayor and constables of the staple yearly shall be
assay-masters of all plate wrought or to be sold from the first day of January next
within this city, and that a stamp shall be made with the figures of a lion, a harp
and a castle, and the same to be locked by the seal of the staple, with which
stamp all plate to be sold by any goldsmith in this city shall be marked before
the same shall be put to be sold, and if any goldsmith after the first day of
January next shall sell or put to be sold any plate not marked with his own
mark and the stamp aforesaid, that the same shall be forfeited, and the said gold
smith fined in the sum of five shillings for every ounce of plate sold by him and
not stamped and marked as aforesaid. The said fine to be levied off his goods by
warrant of the Mayor and recorder of this city upon presentment thereof by twelve
men sworn before them at their general quarter session.
And further we do agree that the mayor and constables of the staple shall
call to their assistance for the touch and trial of the said plate when the same
shall be stamped, the preferrer of the bill or some other that hath skill in such
work, and that trial shall be made before they put the stamp to any parcel of
plate, and if by such trial or upon touch thereof it appears to be corrupt, mingled
with baser, or not made altogether of as pure silver as the silver standard coin
now current in this Kingdom, that then every such parcel of plate to be forfeited,
the one moiety thereof to the mayor and constables of the staple and the other
moiety to the use of the mayor of the city, of which moiety the mayor and con
stables of the staple shall yield an account yearly after their year is ended before
the city auditors. Further we do agree that for every parcel of plate to be touched
and stamped before the mayor and constables of the staple as aforesaid they shall
have the allowance of an halfpenny for every ounce, to be paid by the goldsmith
that have or goeth about to sell the same, and the moiety of the allowance to be
given by them to the presenter of the bill, and whosoever else shall be assisting
them in that touch and trial by their appointment. And further that the preferrer

" Dublin Corporation Records," edited by Sir J. Gilbert.

The Goldsmiths of Dublin. 5^7
of the bill or whosoever else the mayor and constables of the staple shall call to The assayer to
their assistance shall be sworn for the careful honest and true trial of every parcel, imprisoned for
and if any parcel whereunto the stamp shall be put shall prove corrupt or mixed ev^ery^arcei '
with baser metal and not meet to be stamped, that the preferrer of the bill or ftandard^piate
whosoever shall be assistant to the said mayor and constables, shall forfeit twenty p„'„^e corrupt.
pounds for every parcel so stamped loties quoties, and endure imprisonment for six
months upon complaint made to the mayor of the city, and that therefore the
mayor and constables of the staple shall keep note in writing of all such parcels
as they shall stamp and the names of such persons as they shall call to their
assistance." The above extract shows that what was expressed in the Statute
2 Rich. II.* concerning EngUsh goldsmiths, viz., that "the assay ofthe
touch belongs to the mayors and governors of the cities and boroughs "
was applicable also to Ireland, and was enforced by the above order of
October 1605. It is the earliest known reference to the marking of
Dublin-wrought plate. The figures of a lion, a harp, and a castle, in
addition to the mark of the goldsmith, were by this resolution clearly
required to be stamped on all plate, but not a single example appears
to be known bearing those marks. When, however, it is borne in mind
that there are no more than about twenty pieces known, bearing the
marks of a later period of over forty years, (1638-79,) and that
between 1641 and 1680 there are no less than thirty years without a
single known example of Dublin-marked plate, it is not strange that none
has been brought to light with the hon, harp and castle mark of 1605-37.
One of the contributory causes of the disappearance of Irish plate fi^p\^^l^'"'^^^f
of the period in question is disclosed by the following extract, dated ''='^''™"='^ '°'-
1642 : —
"By order of the Lords Justices, the citizens brought in their plate to
be coined, to the amount of ^120,000 ! to supply the exigencies of state."!
Apart from the " exigencies of state," it appears to have been a common
practice amongst people of good position in the seventeenth century, in
case of need — which frequently arose — to resort to their plate cupboards,
as an easy means of obtaining ready money. It is not surprising that
so little early Irish domestic plate remains ; indeed, it is wonderful that
any of a date anterior to the time of Charles II. has survived.
In 1 6-; 7 the Dubhn goldsmiths appear to have become dissatisfied in 1637 the
J' ° '^'^ Dublin Gold-
with their status under the domination of the City Corporation. They ^;;;"^^„p;S;°,"
probably felt the inferiority of their position as compared with the London
* See Chapter II., p. 9 ante.
t See "A Chronological Series of Remarkable Events in the Annals of the City of Dublin"
in Wilson's Dublin Directory, 1775. (Communicated to the author by Mr. Arthur Irwin Dasent).

5i8 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
.goldsmiths, who had the management and control of all matters con
nected with the assaying and marking of wrought gold and silver in
their city without interference by the civic authorities. The Dublin
goldsmiths presented a petition to the King representing that great abuses
and deceits had been practised, and were being daily committed in Ireland
by persons who were not duly qualified goldsmiths, that these abuses
were attributable to the absence of an established standard for gold and
silver wares, and to the fact that the craft was not controlled by men
skilled in the art of the golds.mith. They prayed that they might be
incorporated by Royal charter, and be given the control and management
of the assaying and marking of wrought gold and plate in Ireland.
Charter granted Thclr pctitlon was favourably received, and a charter, dated the
22nd December,
'637. 22nd December 13 Charles I. (1637), was granted to them.
The original charter, beautifully engrossed on vellum, and with an
impression of the Great Seal of Ireland attached,* is in the custody of the
Master of the Company. It is a lengthy document in Latin (excepting
the forms of oath, which are in English), and its enrolment in Chancery
occupies six skins of the Patent Roll of the 13th of Charles I. part 9, now
in the Dubhn Record Office. With the original, is an English translation
(called a copy) which in some parts is so much worn that the writing is
undecipherable. In "Assay of Gold and Silver Wares," (Ryland 1852,)
what purports to be a copy of this translation appears, which, however,
on being collated with the original was found to contain a great many
inaccuracies. A new translation of the charter has therefore been
made, and is here set forth in full, because Mr. Ryland's little book is
now very rare and the printed calendars of the Patent Rolls of Ireland
stop at an earlier year in the reign of Charles I. than the date of the
charter. Mr. Ryland made the double mistake of stating that this charter was
"granted by Charles II. in the year i6j8." Mr. Cripps and Mr. Chaffers
both made the same error as to the year. The grant having been made
by Charles the first in the thirteenth year of his reign, its date cannot have
been other than 1637, which is the date engraved on the original seal of
the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company by whose permission this representa
tion in fac-simile of an impression of it, has been made.
A representation in fac simile of the ob\-erse and reverse of this seal is given on page 528 infra.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Charter.

519

THE SE.\L OF THE WARDENS AND COMPANY OF GOLDSMITHS OF DUBLIN.

CHARTER OF THE GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY OF DUBLIN.
" Charles, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and
Ireland, Defender of the Faith ; To all people unto whom these Our present letters
shall come Greeting. Where.\s of late we have received certain intelligence,
through the great abuses and deceits which heretofore have been and are daily
committed within the said Kingdom of Ireland, by such men and persons who are
bold, and do presume in themselves to take upon them and to exercise the art or
mystery of goldsmiths, not altogether being expert, but unskilful therein, to the
general loss and grievous damage of us and of our good subjects there. And
whereas we having consideration to the premises, it is observed and is manifestly
known, and appeareth unto us, that all those things do fall out and happen
through want of a certain mark — in English a standard — and of good rules and
ordinances to and for the government and better ruling of the said mystery
within our said Kingdom of Ireland.
We, therefore, willing and taking care graciously to provide a convenient
redress and fitting reformation in this behalf, and to the intent that from henceforth
for ever, a perpetual company and body incorporate of the aforesaid mystery of
goldsmiths may be set up and established in our city of Dublin, within our said
Kingdom of Ireland, as now it is, and for many years last gone and past hath
been, in our city of London, within our said Kingdom of England, it hath been
thought good, and doth seeai meet unto us, to give, grant, and vouchsafe to the
goldsmiths hereafter named, and their successors, which shall hereafter be of our
said city of Dublin within our said Kingdom of Ireland, full ancl free license,
power, and authority to discover, punish, and correct all, and all manner of the
aforesaid abuses and deceits of the said mystery within our said Kingdom of
Ireland, hereafter to be done or committed. And that our said royal intention
in the premises, for the good and profit of our commonwealth and of our said
subjects of our said Kingdom of Ireland may more speedily, better, and more
effectually be brought to pass and perfected, know ye that we, of our especial
grace and of our certain knowledge, and mere motion, also with the advice, assent,
and consent of our right well-beloved and right trusty cousin and counsellor,
Thomas Viscount Wentworth, our Deputy-General of our Kingdom of Ireland
aforesaid, and President of our Council established in the north parts of our said
Kingdom of England, have willed, ordained, and granted, and by these presents
for us, our heirs and successors, do will ordain and grant, that our beloved subjects,
William Cooke, of our said city of Dublin, in the county of the said city, gold
smith, John Woodcocke, of the same, William Hampton, of the same, James
Vnderbegg,* of the same, William Gallant, of the same, John Banister, of the

The reason for
the grant : —
Deceits practised
through want of
a certain stamp
or standard, and
rules for the
government of
the mystery in
Ireland.

A Company of
Goldsmithsincorporated in
Dublin the same
as in London
with power to
discover, punish
and correct all
abuses throughout
Ireland.

The names of the
first members' of
the Incorporation.

So in enrolment, but the name was Vanderbegg, sometimes written '\'anderbeck.

520

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

To have per
petual succession
and be known by
the name of
Wardens and
CompanyOF Goldsmiths
OF Dublin, and
to have a
common seal.

The Wardens'
Oaths.

To truly execute
the duty of
Wardens accor
ding to justice.

same, Nathaniel Stoughton, of the same, James Acheson, of the same, Clement
Evans, of the same, George Gallant, of the same, Sylvanus Glegg," of the same,
William St. Clere,t of the same, Gilbert Tongues,^ of the same, Edward Chadsey,
of the same, Peter Vaneinthoven,§ of the same, Matthew Thomas, of the same,
William Crawley, of the same, Thomas Duffield, of the same, John Cooke, of the
same, and John Burke, of the same, goldsmiths, from henceforth shall be one
Society and body incorporate of itself, in deed and in name, and shall have
perpetual succession, to continue for ever hereafter, and may be and shall be
in deed, name and fact, one body incorporate by itself for ever by the name of
Wardens and Company of Goldsmiths of our said City of Dublin ; and
those Wardens and Company of Goldsmiths of our said City of Dublin and
their successors, we have incorporated established and united, and the said body
incorporate by the same name, and under the same name of Wardens and Com
pany of the Mystery of Goldsmiths of our City of Dublin, for ever to continue,
we really and fully do create, erect, incorporate, establish, ordain, make, and
appoint by these presents, and that they may have perpetual succession and a
common seal to serve for the affairs of the aforesaid mystery.
And we will, and by these presents do nominate, ordain, create, make, and
appoint the aforesaid William Cooke, John Woodcocke, William Hampton, and
John Banister the first and present Wardens of the said mystery of Goldsmiths
of our city of Dublin aforesaid, from the making of these our Letters Patent,
until the Feast of All Saints next following after the date of these presents, to
remain and continue, and for a longer or shorter time, as to the Wardens and
Company of the said mystery of Goldsmiths of our said city of Dublin afore
said, or to the greater part of them, shall seem to be fit and necessary.
And further, we will, and by these presents for us "our heirs and successors we
do ordain and appoint that the said William Cooke, John Woodcocke, William
Hampton and John Banister above in these presents named to be the first, and
present Wardens of the said Company of the aforesaid mystery, before they be
admitted to execute the office of the Wardens of the said Company of the
mystery aforesaid, take and receive and every of them take and receive, before
our Chancellor of our said Kingdom of Ireland for the time being, the oath
or pledge following, in these English words, ' You and every of you shall swear
to be true and faithful to the King our Sovereign Lord, his heirs and successors.
You shall not be against his profit or advantage, but that you shall be to the
advancement of his crown as much as in your power shall lie. Furthermore you
and every of you, shall duly and truly execute and perform the office of Wardens
of the Company of Goldsmiths, and in that place or office whereunto you and
every of you are now appointed, you and every of you shall faithfully and
uprightly behave yourselves. Ye shall therein, to every person and persons who
shall bring or cause to be brought unto your hands, within your office, any
manner of silver plate to be tried or touched, or any weight called Troy
weight, to be assized, according to his Majesty's standard, use yourselves in the
due execution of the same according to right, equity, and justice, and also that
» Sylvanus Glegg had been admitted as a goldsmith to the freedom of the Company of Gold
smiths m Chester on the 22nd April, 1631.
f Or Sinclair.
X- So in enrolment, but the name was Tonques, often written Tonks
§ So in enrolnient, but the name was \'an eynde Hoven, often written Vaneindhoven and more
frequently Vandenhoven.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Charter. 521
you or any of you do not set, nor by your powers shall not suffer to be set, the The harp crowned
King's Majesty's Stamp called the Hav^ Crowned, now appointed by his said ^utetefowthe"
Majesty, in no manner of plate of silver to you brought unto your said office by f dwt"f alyVes?'
any manner of person or persons, unless the said silver plate be in every part and fi""- *o i"= broken.
parcel thereof according to his Majesty's standard, otherwise called eleven ounces
two pennyweights. And in case it be under and not of the said fineness, you and
every of you shall cause it to be broken ere it pass your hands, whose plate or of
what value soever it be. And you and every of you shall also make true and To search tor aii
diligent search from time to time as often as need shall require, for all deceivable orgoidan'd™er.
wares of gold and silver, and do and perform all other things whatsoever
touching the said office, according to the law and according to the purport of his
Majesty's grant in that behalf made unto the said Company of Goldsmiths, with
out fear, favour, love, hatred, or affection by you or by any of you to be borne, to
any manner of person or persons, so help you God and the contents of this book.'
Wherefore we will, and by these presents for us our heirs and successors, we The
do give and grant full power and authority unto our said Chancellor of our said of°i?eiind''"""
realm of Ireland for the time being, to give and administer unto the aforesaid swe^aTin'tiffirst
William Cooke, John Woodcocke, William Hampton, and John Banister, and '^'a"'™'-
every of them re.spectively, the aforesaid oath and pledge of the office of the
Wardens of the said Company of Goldsmiths as aforesaid, without any other
Commission or Warrant from us, our heirs or successors to be procured or obtained.
And further for us our heirs and successors, we will, and by these presents do The Company
grant, that the said Company of the said mystery of Goldsmiths of our city of etomember°s of
Dublin aforesaid, and their successors, of themselves, can and may at our said ever^'y^Mas
city of Dublin choose every year, from time to time for ever, four wardens, of the
men of the Company aforesaid, to supervise, rule, and duly govern the mystery and g,'
Company aforesaid. And all and every man or men of them for ever, in the self
same like manner and form as the Wardens and Company of the said mystery
of Goldsmiths of our said city of London within our said Kingdom of England,
or the greater part of them may choose or have used to choose, and that the said
Wardens of the said mystery within our city of Dublin aforesaid, for the time
being, have the selfsame, so much, such, and the like power and authority of and to have the
Goldsmiths of the Company aforesaid, and of all the men of the same, within our powerslslhT''
said Kingdom of Ireland, in all things, and according to all things, to govern, London Company.
rule, and order, as the Wardens of the said Company of the said mystery, within
our city of London in our said Kingdom of England, now have, do, exercise, or use,
or ought, or can lawfully have, enjoy, exercise, or use, by reason or pretence of
any grant or grants by us, or any of our progenitors, late Kings or Queens of
England, or of any statute law, ordinance, custom, or lawful prescription, or use,
or otherwise by any lawful manner whatsoever.
And furthermore, we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors,
we do ordain, grant, and appoint, that all and every person and persons, who
hereafter may be chosen to be Wardens of the said Company of the said mystery
of Goldsmiths, and every of them before they exercise the said office, shall from wardens
time to time take their corporal oath, according to the effect of the oath or adSinls'er^t'he
pledge above, in these presents specified and ordained for the aforesaid First
Wardens, before the last precedent Wardens of the said Company of the mystery
aforesaid, yearly at the feast of All Saints, to which the last precedent Wardens
of the Company of the mystery aforesaid, for us, our heirs and successors, we do

every ye
Wardens to
supervise and
govern the

oath to their
successors.

0

22

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Wardens to
remain in office
for one vear from
AU Saints Day
and until
succpsi^orselected.

F.veryone received
into the Company
to undertake the
oath upon bein^
admitted.

Wardensempowered to
administer the
oath to new
members.

The Company
empowered to
plead and be
impleaded in any
action.

Empowered to
make reasonable
ordinances for the
government of the
craft, to be
approved by the
two Chief Justices
the Chief RaronoE
the Exchequer, the
Lord Lieutenant
and Privy
Council of Ireland
before becoming
operative.

give and grant full power and authority, from time to time by these presents, to
give and administer the oath and pledge aforesaid, without any other com
mission or warrant from us, our heirs and successors, in that behalf to be procured
or obtained. And that after such an oath so taken, the aforesaid office, unto
which they shall be chosen and named for one whole year, (to wit) until the feast
of All Saints then next following, they may and can respectively execute, and
further, until four others unto the office of Wardenship of the said Company of the
mystery aforesaid, be appointed and sworn respectively, according to the pro
visoes and ordinances above in these presents expressed and declared.
And furthermore we will, and do by these presents, for us, our heirs and
successors, ordain, grant, and appoint, that all and every the freemen, and
every of them, who hereafter shall be admitted or received from time to time
into the Company of the mystery aforesaid, shall undertake the oath or pledge
of their liberties and immunities before the Wardens of the same Company of the
mystery aforesaid, for the time being, and full power and authority to the Wardens
of the said Company of the said mystery for the time being, to give and administer
the corporal oath to all and every the freemen, and every of them, who hereafter
shall be admitted and received into the said Company of the mystery aforesaid
from time to time the oath or pledge of their several liberties or immunities
respectively, for us our heirs and successors, we do give and grant, by these
presents, without any other commission or warrant from us, our heirs or
successors, in that behalf to be procured or obtained.
And furthermore, for us, our heirs and successors, we grant to the said Wardens
and Company of the mystery aforesaid, within our said City of Dublin, and
to their successors, that they and their successors for ever, by the name of Wardens
and Company of the mystery of Goldsmiths of our city of Dublin aforesaid,
henceforth may and shall be one body incorporate in the law, sufficient, capable,
able, and fit to plead and be impleaded and to implead, prosecute, answer, and
defend, before what Judges and Justices whatsoever of us, our heirs and successors,
as well spiritual as temporal, and other persons whatsoever in all the Courts of us,
our heirs and successors, and other Courts and places whatsoever, within the said
realm of Ireland, in all and all manner of actions, real, personal, and mixed, assise
of novel disseisin and in all other pleas, suits, plaints, actions and demands whatso
ever, of what kind or nature soever they be, touching, concerning, or appertaining
to the said Wardens and Company of the aforesaid mystery of Goldsmiths with
in our said city of Dublin, or the lands, tenements, affairs, wares, merchandizes,
bargains, agreements, debts, or any other thing of theirs. And that the said
^^'ardens and Company of that mystery, and their successors from time to
time for ever, may make honest and reasonable ordinances and constitutions for
the better government of the said mystery, as often as to them shall seem ex
pedient. Provided always, that none of their ordinances or constitutions be of
force or put in execution, until the same be seen and approved of by our two
Chief Justices and our Chief Baron of the Exchequer, of us our heirs and successors,
within our said realm of Ireland for the time being, and be allowed before the
Deputy or other Chief Governor, and our Council of our aforesaid Kingdom of
Ireland. And furthermore we will, and by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors,
do grant and give special license unto the said Wardens and Company of
the said mystery of Goldsmiths of our city of Dublin aforesaid, and to their

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Charter.

523

successors to have, possess, receive, and acquire, them and their successors for ever,
such manors, messuages, lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods,
underwoods, rectories, tithes, rents, services, reversions, and other hereditaments
whatsoever, within our said realm of Ireland, as well from us, our heirs and
successors, as from any other person or persons whatsoever, which are not held of
us, nor shall be held of our heirs or successors in capite or by knight's service,
provided that the said manors, messuages, lands, tenements and other heredita
ments, so by them to be had, received, and acquired, do not exceed in the whole the
clear yearly value of twenty pounds sterling by the year, beyond all burdens and
reprises, the statute " of lands and tenements not to be placed in mortmain " or an}-
other statute, act, ordinance, or proviso, heretofore had, done, ordained, or
provided, or any other thing, cause, or matter whatsoever to the contrary thereof
in anywise notwithstanding. We have also given, and by the.se presents for us
our heirs and successors, grant unto every subject and subjects of us, our heirs and
successors, special license and free power and authority that they and any of them
may and can give, grant, sell, bequeath, and alien such manors, messuages,
tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods, underwoods, rectories, tithes,
rents, services, reversions, and other hereditaments whatsoever within our said
realm of Ireland, as are not now held of us, neither shall be held of our heirs or
successors in capite, nor by knight's service, to the aforesaid Wardens and Com-
jiany of the said mystery of Goldsmiths of our said city of Dublin, and to their
successors. So nevertheless that the aforesaid manors, messuages, lands, tenements,
and other hereditaments, so as is aforesaid, to the aforesaid Wardens and Com
pany of the mystery aforesaid and their successors (by force and virtue of
these presents) to be given, granted, bequeathed, or aliened, may not exceed in
the whole the clear yearly value of twenty pounds sterling yearly beyond all
burdens and reprises — the said statute " of lands and tenements not to be placed
in mortmain" or any other statute, act, ordinance, or proviso, or any other thing,
cause, or matter whatsoever, done, had, proclaimed, ordained, or heretofore
provided to the contrary thereof, in anywise notwithstanding.
And furthermore, of our like especial grace, with the advice, assent, and
consent aforesaid, we do grant, and by these presents for us, our heirs and
successors, firmly enjoining, w-e give, charge, ordain, and command that no
master goldsmith whatsoever within our said realm of Ireland, shall hand over,
deliver, or cause to be delivered unto his \\-orkmen, or any of them, any gold or
silver to be wrought in handiwork, of less value than that of the Standard in our
said realm of England upon assay thereof to be made, or such moneys as are
well and commonly known and recognised to be of the selfsame value and
goodness ; to the intent that if the said workmen, or any of them, [after] the
delivery thereof into their hands, or the hands of any of them, shall make the
said gold or silver worse (as often times they are accustomed to do), whereas they
shall be punished for their offences, on that behalf he nor they shall not allege
that such inferior and base gold and silver was delivered to them.
And furthermore, for the honesty of the men of the aforesaid mystery in our
said city of Dublin, for the time being and dwelling, and for the avoiding and
eschewing of the damages and losses which daily do happen and arise, or may
happen and arise, as well to us and our heirs and successors, as to other our liege
people and subjects, out of the unjust and indiscreet government of certain of our
subjects, and others using the aforesaid mystery, little weighing the honesty of the
said mystery, and also for the cutting off and removing the subtleties and deceits in

Empowered to
buy and hold land
and other
hereditaments of
ever^¦ kind,

not exceeding in
value ;f20 a year
and to grant.
sell or bequeath
the same.

No master
goldsmith to
deliver to any
workman any
gold or silver
(to be wrought^
below the English
standard.

524

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The Company
entrusted with
the search,
supervision, assay
and government
of all manner of
gold and silver
work throughout
Ireland.

All deceitful
works found,
made, wrought,
or set to sale to
be broken, and the
makers, sellers
and workers
thereof to be
punished accor
ding to their
deserts.

that mystery often used, we have given and granted, and do by these presents for
us, our heirs and successors, give and grant, unto the aforesaid present Wardens
and Company of the aforesaid mystery and their successors for ever, that they
the aforesaid present Wardens, and the Wardens of the aforesaid mystery for the
time being for ever, may have the search, supervision, assay, and government of
all and all manner of gold and silver, wrought and to be wrought, or exposed for
sale, within our city of Dublin, and in all fairs, markets, and marts, and also in
cities, towns, and boroughs, and other places whatsoever, in and through our said
whole Kingdom of Ireland, as well within liberties as without, and to punish and
correct the defects and deceits in the same works found, or to be found, if occasion
shall be, by the help of the Mayor and Sheriffs of our said city of Dublin, and of
the Mayors, bailiffs, or others of our officers whatsoever, in whatsoever fairs,
markets, marts, cities, boroughs, and towns, and other places without the afore
said cities, where such search and searches shall happen to be made ; and that
the present Wardens, and the Wardens of the aforesaid mystery for the time being,
may have full power for ever to make and exercise due search of and in all and
singular the premises, as also of all and singular works touching and concerning
the said mystery, as well on men of the aforesaid mystery of goldsmiths, as also
on others whatsoever, selling, making, or working their affairs, merchandizes, or
works, to the said mystery belonging or the said mystery concerning, as well in
our aforesaid city of Dublin and suburbs thereof, as elsewhere without the said
city of Dublin, in whatsoever fairs, markets, marts, cities, boroughs, and towns,
and other places whatsoever in and through our said whole realm of Ireland, by
themselves, or any of them ; and all such deceitful works and merchandizes of
gold and silver, of what kind or nature soever they be (if any be), by them or any
of them in any such of their searches found, and for the deceiving of the people of
us, our heirs and successors, made or wrought and exposed for sale, to be broken,
and the makers, sellers, and workers of the same works, according to their deserts,
to punish and correct (if need be) by the help of the Mayor, sheriffs, bailiffs,
seneschals, and other such like officers, according to the laws, statutes, and
ordinances in such cases made and provided, and this as often as it shall seem
best to be done, by the aforesaid present Wardens and those for the time being.
We will also, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, we do grant,
and, firmly commanding, charge, that all and singular Mayors, sheriffs, bailiffs,
seneschals, and other our officers whatsoever, and every of them, in fairs, markets,
marts, cities, boroughs, and towns, and other places where such search shall
happen to be made, shall be from time to time for ever advising, favouring, and
assisting in all things, as is seemly to the aforesaid Wardens and every of them,
making such search, in the exercise and execution of the premises.
And moreover we having received certain intelligence that divers men both
native and foreign, exercising and using the aforesaid mystery in divers parts of
our said Kingdom of Ireland, and fraudulently coveting their dishonest gains, and
studying and propounding unto themselves the deceits and losses of the rest of our
subjects, divers ways do work and expose for sale gold and silver deceitfully and
cunningly wrought, of less value than duly it ought to be, and wrought contrary to
the ordinances thereof made, within our said Kingdoms of England and Ireland,
and counterfeit stones which are of no value, in such like gold and silver, as if
precious stones subtlely and splendidly to glitter, according to the nature of such
gems wrought and set, do daily sell for a great price to divers of our subjects, not

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Charter. 525
experienced therein, as well in privileged places, as in fairs, markets, and other
places, cities and boroughs of our said realm of Ireland, and herein they fear not nor
are afraid to be punished or brought to justice ; wherefore because due search or some
due punishment for such a defect in that mystery, was not executed anywhere here
tofore, by which means so much fraud, deceit and unjust workmanship of gold and
silver, and of counterfeit gems and works of gold and silver and otherwise, in divers
ways, in the mystery aforesaid, by the workmen of that mystery, in every part of our
said Kingdom of Ireland, doth daily increase, to the great damage and loss of us, and
all our liege people and subjects; and we, willing (as becometh us), the deceitful,
insufficient, and unjust works and wares of gold and silver, precious stones, and
stones of pearl, coral, and such like in the mystery aforesaid, insufficiently and not
duly wrought, and counterfeit, used to be set forth to sale, to be forfeited, abolished
and punished, of our certain knowledge and mere motion, as also with the advice,
assent, and consent aforesaid, have given and granted, and by these presents, for
us, our heirs and successors, do give and grant unto the aforesaid Wardens and gow and silver
Company of the aforesaid mystery, and their successors, that they the afore- than it ought to
said Wardens and their successors, and every one of them for the time being, counterfeit
have and may have for ever, by virtue of these presents, full power, force, and bought for,'"^
authority, in every defect, offence, crime, and deceit, made, or attempted, or com- aXti;e''wOTk"e'rs
mitted against the ordinances of the aforesaid mystery, done within our said tiJe°samlforSe^
Kingdom of England or Ireland, in all their searches and assays of gold and ^"^''oj&'to^''
silver, and wares, and precious stones, and stones of pearl, coral, or precious tiieir offences.
stones whatsoever, counterfeit stones, in gold and silver, as in necklaces, signets,
rings, or girdles, or otherwise in any manner wrought or put in within our said
Kingdom of Ireland, wheresoever it is justly proved against the workmen or users
of any of the same premises to be exposed for sale, by the same Wardens for the
time being, all and every person or persons whatsoever of the said mystery
working so deceitfully, or exposing for sale, to be punished according to
their offences, and according to the laws, statutes, and ordinances, in that behalf
published and provided. We have also granted, and by these presents, for us
and our heirs, we do grant, to the same Wardens and Company and their
successors, that whensoever, how-often soever, or wheresoever, as well within
liberties as without, any wares of gold or silver, or pearl, or any other whatsoever
counterfeit stones, and deceitfully w^rought and fixed, in the nature of gems or pearl,
in gold or silver, and by assay thereof they be of less value, and insufficient in the
work of gold or silver than of right they ought to be wrought,— to wit— of the
value sterling, according to the ordinances and statutes of us and our progenitors
or predecessors. Kings and Queens of England, within our said realm of England
or Ireland, in such cases published, or any such deceitful wares of gold and silver,
wrought within our said Kingdom of Ireland, or by any native or foreign work
man, and users of the aforesaid mystery, wheresoever sold or exposed for sale,
or not assayed, approved, and marked as they ought, in deceit of our people, and
offending contrary to the form of the ordinances and statutes aforesaid ; that then
they the Wardens for the time being, or any two of them, may have power and
authority to arrest, and seize on, and break, and damnify, all and all manner of
such wares of gold and silver, counterfeit stones, and pearls, or other stones
whatsoever, and deceitfully wrought and exposed for sale, wheresoever they can
find them, so that our people be no more thereby deceived. And that in all the
searches of those Wardens and their successors for the time being, of and in the

;26

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

In and within
three miles of
Dublin the
Wardens may
cause all works
of gold or silver
and jewels to be
brought to the
Goldsmiths' Hall,
Dublin, to be
assayed, and if
sufficient to be
marked with
the stamp as
good, and if
not sudicient to
be dealt with
as before
provided.

The Dublin
Goldsmiths'Company to
have all such
rights, privileges,
authorities and
jurisdictions as the
Goldsmiths' Company of
London have.

Not being
contrary or
repugnant to
this Charter or
to the laws of
England and
Ireland.

In every city and
town in Ireland
where there are
goldsmiths they
are to observe the
like ordinances as
those of Dublin
are bound to
observe, and to
acquaint themselves of the
" touch" of gold
and silver and
obtain their punch
to mark their
works.

premises from time to time, in whatsoever places within the space of three miles,
on this side and near the said city of Dublin, near or adjoining, where any
workman, or users of the aforesaid mystery shall remain, work and abide, the
same Wardens, or some of them for the time being, all manner of works and
wares of gold and silver, aforesaid, or in gold or silver whatsoever, and set m
necklaces, gems and precious stones, there wrought, and to be wrought, may
cause to be brought into the Common Hall of those Wardens and Company
of the mystery aforesaid, being within our aforesaid city of Dublin (within which
the common assay of gold and silver is had and tried according to the ordinances
thereof), there to 'be tried and assayed, and if there shall be any defect therein
in any manner, to be duly amended, and being so amended there then to be
affirmed for good ; and to be marked with their mark for that purpose to be
used and put to ; and all defective works whatsoever, as well of or in gold or
silver deceitfully wrought, vvith counterfeit stones set in the same for gems, and
falsely wrought, or tried, known, and found in alloys not sufficient, be dealt with
according to the laws, statutes, and ordinances, in that behalf published and
provided. And moreover, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion,
we will, and by these presents,, for us, our heirs and successors, do grant to the said
Wardens and Company of the aforesaid mystery, and to their successors for
ever, and to every one of the goldsmiths of the said Company, that they the
said Wardens and Company of the mystery aforesaid, and every goldsmith of
the said Company of the mystery aforesaid, as well present, as to come, for
the time being, may and can have, hold, use, enjoy, exercise, and execute, within
our said realm of Ireland, such like liberties, customs, franchises, privileges, powers,
authorities, pre-eminences, jurisdictions, immunities, commodities, and all other
rights whatsoever, of what sort, kind, nature, quality, or condition, whatsoever
they be, have been, or shall be, not being repugnant, or contrary to these presents,
or to any article in the same contained, or specified, or to the laws and statutes of
this our Kingdom of Ireland, as many such, and as much, and what the Wardens
and Company of the aforesaid mystery of Goldsmiths of London aforesaid, or
any Wardens and Company of goldsmiths within our said realm of England
or Ireland, now have, enjoy, exercise, and use, by reason or pretence of any statutes
or Acts of Parliament, or any letters patent, by any of our progenitors. Kings and
Queens of England, had or made, or of any prescription or custom, or by any
other lawful manner, right, or title, whatsoever.
And furthermore of our like special grace, and of our certain knowledge, and
mere motion, and also of the advice, assent and consent aforesaid, we do, for us,
our heirs and successors, grant, and by these presents, ordain, that in all and every
city and town within our said realm of Ireland, in which there are goldsmiths,
and to which merchants frequent, they hold and from time to time shall observe
the same and the like ordinances, which men of the same mystery within our said
city of Dublin are bound to observe, and that one or two men of the same
mystery, of every of the said cities and towns, may come and draw near to our
said city of Dublin, to know the science of the said mystery, and there to ask and
seek for the .same, their touch of gold and silver and also their punch — namely, a
harp crowned — to mark, denote and impress their works and wares and every of
them within the same, as of old it was accustomed and ordained within our
city of London.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Charter.

527

We also give charge, and firmly enjoining, do command that the aforesaid
Wardens and Company of the said mystery of Goldsmiths in the said city of
Dublin, for themselves and their successors, do covenant and agree to and with
our heirs and successors, by these presents, that the aforesaid Wardens and
Company, and their successors, of the said mystery, or any of them, exercising
the said mystery hereafter, shall not nor will, work, sell, or exchange, or procure
to be sold, wrought or exchanged, any vessels or any other goldsmiths' works, of
gold of less value than that of two and twenty carats ; and that they shall not
use certain things called solder, anneal, or stuffings, in any of their works,
more than necessary to perfect the same, and that they shall not take beyond the
rate of twelve pence for every ounce of gold (over and above the fashioning) more
than the buyer thereof can obtain, or is allowed for the same, at the Exchange
and money office of us our heirs and successors, upon pain of forfeiture of the
value of the thing so sold and exchanged, and that henceforth no goldsmith of the
mystery aforesaid in the city aforesaid, shall make, or sell, or exchange in any
place within our said realm of Ireland, any vessels or goldsmiths' works of silver
of less value than that of eleven ounces two penny weights, nor shall take beyond
the rate of twelve pence for every pound weight of silver vessels and merchandizes
(over and above the fashioning) more than the buyer thereof is or can be allowed for
the same at the Exchange and money office of us, our heirs and successors, neither
shall he expose for sale, exchange, or sell any vessels or goldsmiths' silver works,
before his workman shall have put his proper mark to so much thereof as the
same conveniently can carry,* under pain of forfeiture of the value of the thing
so sold or exchanged ; And if any of the aforesaid goldsmiths of the said mystery
shall hereafter make any vessels or goldsmiths' works, and they be touched,
marked, and allowed for good by the Wardens or Masters of the aforesaid mystery,
and if in the same afterwards any falsehood or deceit be found, that then the
Wardens and Company of the said mystery for the time being shall forfeit and
pay the value of the things so exchanged or sold, and that the one half of what
ever forfeit thereof may remain to the use of us, our heirs and successors, and the
other half to the use of the party who sustained loss by the same, and who will
in any court of record, by action, bill, plea, or information, or otherwise, in which
no essoin, protection, or surety of the law shall be allowed, be defendant.
And furthermore we will, and by these presents, do declare, our princely good
pleasure to be, that no man shall be admitted to be privileged, or made free of
such company of the mystery aforesaid, until he be approved by men of the
said mystery to have served seven years an apprentice in said mystery, and from
thenceforth to be a sufficient workman or craftsmam ; also to have made and
framed \vith his hands a certain work or vessel of gold, in English called his
masterpiece,! tried and approved by the Wardens aforesaid, for the time being ;
and also, that the aforesaid Wardens and Company of the said mystery of
Goldsmiths in our said city of Dublin, may be, and be from time to time, subject,
bound, conformable and obedient to all and singular the .A.cts, ordinances,
instructions, and provisoes whatsoever of the aforesaid Wardens and Company
of the said mystery and their successors, or touching or concerning in anywise,

No gold to be
wrought or sold
less fine than
23 carats, nor
silver less than
u oz. 2 dwts.
N'o more solder
or stuffing to be
used than
necessarv.

Xo more than
1 2d. for every
oz. of gold, and
i2d. for every lb.
of silver (besides
the making) to be
taken by any
goldsmith beyond
the Exchange
value.No work to be
sold, exchanged
or set to sale
without being
marked with the
goldsmith'sproper mark.
If plate marked
as good be
afterwards found
deceitful, the
Company to
forfeit the value.

None to be
admitted to the
Company
but after seven
years apprentice
ship and proof of
ability, and being
bound to conform
to the rules and
ordinances in
force.

--- Objects SO small as to be incapable of conveniently carr) ing a goldsmiths' mark being
Impliedlv exempt from liability to be marked.
I a' similar practice was followed in Scotland, where a time-expired apprentice had to submit
an example of his work to be approved by the masters of the guild before he was admitted to its
privileges. See page ^96 anU.

;8

Thc Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

fhe Company
freed from all
'ither Companies,
(iuiJds ('i.-c., and
frriiii all obliga
tions b>' reason of
having been
incorporated
with them.

the premises or any part thereof, had, done, published, ordained, or provided by us,
our heirs or successors, or by our Deputy, or other Chief Governor or Governors,
and our Council, of us, our heirs and successors, of our said realm of England or
Ireland for the time being or hereafter to be had, made, ordained or provided,
anything in these presents to the contrary thereof notwithstanding. And finally of
our more abundant special grace, and of our certain knowledge and mere motion,
with the advice, assent, and consent aforesaid, we will, and by these presents, for
us, our heirs and successors, grant, and, strictly enjoining, do command and give
charge that the aforesaid Wardens and Company of the aforesaid mystery and
their successors be from henceforth for e\'er freed, acquitted and discharged, and
exonerated of and from all other companies, societies, fraternities, guilds, incor
porations, and bodies incorporate whatsoever, and of and from all observances,
service and appearances, and all manner of actions, fines, and other burdens
and demands whatsoever, by reason or occasion of being incorporated with the
same or any of them, by an}' name or names or ways whatsoever, any act,
ordinance, restriction, proviso, or any other thing, cause or matter whatsoever
to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding. \A^e \\'\\\ also, etc.; and
without a fine in the Hanaper etc.; although express mention, etc. In witness
whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patents.
\\'itness our aforesaid Deputy-General of our said Kingdom of Ireland at
Dublin, on the twenty-second day of December in the thirteenth j-ear of our
reign." [A.D. 1637.]

THE GRE.VT SE.\L, ATTACHED TO THE CHARTER OE THE DUBLIN' GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY.
(Scale \ Linear).

The above illustration is a photographic reproduction of the obverse and
reverse of the great seal, which is suspended from the charter by a ribbon (passed
through the skin where it is doubled at the end of the engrossment) embedded m
the composition of the seal, below which the two ends of\he ribbon appear.

The Goldsmiths of Dublin. 529
RECORDS OF THE DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY.
The wardens mentioned in the Charter having elected William
Cooke as their president, under the style or title of "Master," continued
in office until 1639, when Peter Vaneyndhoven was elected as a warden
and William Hampton was re-elected — two wardens only being men
tioned in that year. In 1640 John Woodcocke was appointed master, and
James Vanderbeck warden. Gilbert Tonques and Peter Vaneyndhoven
were wardens 1644-5-6. Gilbert Tonques was master, and Daniel
Burfeldt warden in 1646-7. Nathaniel Stoughton was master, and Daniel
Burfeldt and Daniel Bellingham were wardens 1648-9. The names of
masters and wardens between 1649 and 1654 are not recorded. Possibly
no new wardens were elected during the interval, in which case the
wardens of 1649 continued, by virtue ofthe Charter, to hold office until
their successors were appointed. In 1654-5 Joseph Stoaker was master
and John Woodcock and Thomas Hooker were wardens. In 1656-7
Joseph Stoaker continued to be master, with William Huggard and Daniel
Bellingham as wardens. Thenceforward, except during the most
troublous year of the war period (1689-90) the names of the officers
for each successive year are recorded. It is, however, noticeable that
for twenty years from 1654 there appear to have been only two wardens
and the master in office each year.
A minute of the year 1686 records that it was "ordered that Michael- ofBcerstobe
chosen on
mas day be the day for choosing new Wardens, and on St. Andrew's day an?to1a£o^v?r
(30th November) the old Wardens are to give up their accounts." The theiJpredecL^rT

on 30lh
November.

new master and wardens although elected on the 29th September do not
appear to have taken office until the first of November (All Saints' Day)
in each year. (The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company was formerly styled
"The Guild of All Saints.")
From about three months after the date of their incorporation by the The existing
records of the
charter of 1637 to the present day, the proceedings of the Dublin Gold- L°r'pTii%.
smiths' Company appear to have been recorded with tolerable regularity.
A volume or two of the early records are, however, missing, and one of
the existing volumes seems to have been substituted for an earlier one,
for in the book of proceedings commenced in 1686, an ordinance of the
year 1667 is transcribed. The archives at present comprise: — assay
books, minute books, lists (compiled for the most part annually) of the
Wardens and Freemen of the Company (the latter being called " Free
Brothers"); lists of "Quarter Brothers" (goldsmiths admitted to certain 34

530

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The earliest
recorded assays.

The amount of
plate assayed
annually, at
different periods
from 1638 to
1904.

privileges by the payment of quarterly contributions) ; and lists of
apprentices, with the names of their parents and the masters to whom
they were bound. There are also an index book and a volume containing
entries of gifts and benefactions conferred on the Company.
About three or four months appear to have been absorbed after the
Charter was obtained, in making preparations for the performance of the
duties newly conferred upon the Wardens and Company, and in the
establishment of an assay office, for the earliest entries in the Company's
books are dated April 6th, 1638. They refer to plate of various
descriptions brought in to be assayed : the names of the makers of
each parcel being also recorded. The articles include beer bowls, sugar
boxes, Spanish cups, caudle cups, ewers and basins, trencher-salts, cans,
porringers, saucers, spoons and candlesticks, which were assayed for
the following brethren: — William Hampton, John Woodcocke, William
Cooke, Mathew Thomas, George Gallant, Peter Vaneyndhoven, Daniel
Underwood, James Vanderbeck, Edward Chadsey, George Greene, and
John More. Entries of plate assayed are continued to 1649, when a
break occurs, owing, apparently, to the loss of books, and no further
entry appears until 1694, whence they proceed with some regularity until
1 700. Thenceforward the entries appear to have been made somewhat
spasmodically, and only a few of the assay books of the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries are preserved.
The amount of plate assayed at Dublin varied considerably at different
periods. From 1638 to 1644 the yearly average was about 1,300 oz.
From 1644 to 1649 — the time of the struggle between Royalist and
Parliamentary forces, when very little plate was manufactured in any
part ofthe three Kingdoms — it was no more than 230 oz. From 1657
to 1666 the business had increased to about 8,500 oz. a year. From
1694 to 1700, it had still further increased to about 26,000 oz. a year, and
between 1725 and 1730 the yearly average was about 60,000 oz. In the
three years following the imposition of plate duty, it fell to about 50,000
oz. a year, but it soon more than recovered its lost ground, for in the year
1 787-8 the aggregate weight of plate assayed was over 80,000 ounces. In
the nineteenth century the business fell off very appreciably. In 18 10 the
amount of plate assayed was about 70,000 oz., but in 1835 it had diminished
to 6,000 oz. After that year, however, the trade revived, and in 1848 plate
to the amount of about 13,000 oz. was assayed. In 1870 it had increased
to 15,000 oz., but it afterwards fell off considerably, for in 1885 no more

The Goldsmiths of Dublin. 531
than about 5,000 oz. were assayed. In the succeeding years another revival
of business set in, which has condnued to the present dme, and it now
appears as if the flourishing condition of trade which was enjoyed in the
last quarter of the eighteenth century is about to be regained, for in the
two years 1903-4 no less than 60,600 oz. of plate were assayed,
There are a number of interesting entries in the volume containing aftstothe
¦I r ' r 1 r Company.
records ot gilts and benefactions. The apartments of the Company were
in the three years 1638-40, equipped largely by the generosity of those
"Brethren" who were named in the Charter of 1637, as, for instance : —
" William Hampton, the third first-warden gave one pewter standishe and a
picture of S'' George Radcliffe, Knt.'-'' Gilbert Tonques, a brother, gave the New
Testament and David's Psalms.t William Cooke the first M'' gave the Kinge's
armes to adorne ye Hall. John Woodcocke, the first second-warden gave one
carpett of good stufEe. Israel Aprill (a frenchman and moste lovinge brother)
gave a picture of Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, the daughter of Henry 4th
french Kinge. James Vanderbeck, warden, gave the picture oj our most dread
soveraigne Lord Kinge Charles, Kinge of Greate Britayne, france and Ireland,
Defendr. &c. (of whose gratious Boitntye and good will we houlde and received our
Charter, whom God graunt long to raigne over us and his seede, so long as the sonne
and moone indureth). Nathaniel Stoughton, a brother, gave the armes of the
Companie to adorne the hall." On " Feb. 2nd, 164?, John Woodcocke, now
M'' of this Corporacon, gave unto the use of this Companie one crimson silke
Damask Cushion w'" Silke Tassels, lyned wth greene say, to lye before the M'' and
Wardens att every generali meetinge of the said companye."
On " May ist, 1646, Daniel Burfelt, 3rd warden of this companye, in his
extraordinary love to the same, did give thereunto an iron boxe to keep our
moneys." In 1698, it was resolved that the Hall Chest should have a padlock
added, a key of which was to be in the Master's keeping. The three
wardens also were each to hold a key of the chest, and a strong oak box
in which the money and diet were to be kept, was to be placed within it.
The Records of the Company (Liber A, pp. 81-2) contain an amusing TheR>din..oi
account ofthe Riding of the Franchises just before the breaking out of i649and''i656'.'"
the Rebellion in 1649. The Mayor's warrant required the master and
wardens to attend " at four of the clock in the morning (!) decently
furnished with horse and arms." They held a meeting and made a
collection to defray expenses ; the names of ten subscribers are given.
N. Stoughton (the master warden) perhaps not being an equestrian,
deputed Gilbert Tonques to represent him, and they rode, in all
¦•¦' " A good and honble. furtherer of our Charter."
t Printed at Edinburgh in 1633 by Robert Young, King's Printer for Scotland. The cover is
inscribed in gold letters, " The Goldsmiths' Booke, Dublin," and inside is written, " Ex dono
Gilberti Tonques i Nov. 1638." It 'was perhaps used for administering oaths.

532

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Every apprentice
to execute an
approved master
piece before
admission to thc
Company.

seventeen, whose names are recorded, as are the several items of the
dinner which followed. In 1656 this ceremony was repeated, but as the
company had no tent they dined at the "George," in St. Thomas Street,
where thirty persons enjoyed "a carcase of lamb, colly flowers, rabbots
and vinegar, sack, claret, and beer." In 1776 a motion was made
declarmg the Corporation "incapable of riding the Franchises this year."*
On February 12th, 165^, Alderman Daniel Bellingham,f goldsmith,
a past warden of the Company, was appointed by the guild to try
the diet which had accrued from loth June, 1654. On being all melted
together and tested in the presence of the master and wardens it was
found to be iioz. 2dwts. fine. By general consent i2oz. I4dwts. were
taken out of the mass to make a head for the leading staff.
The foUowing curious record of a gift occurs under date gth February,
1693 : — " This day John Phillips master warden of this Corporacon, bestowed
upon them a melting Ingott.J and the same is to be kept by the Assay Master
thereof for the time being, and not to be lent to anybody but one of the free
brothers of this Company, leaving a pledge for the same."
The earliest exisdng volume of the orders and proceedings of the
Company commences in 1686. Into it is transcribed an ordinance of the
year 1667 prohibiting the admission of an apprentice to the freedom of
the Company undl he had wrought his " master-piece " and it had been
approved of, before which he had to pay five shillings quarterly as a
foreigner or quarter-brother. No money was to be taken in respect of an
admission to the franchise. The fine was to take the form of a piece of
plate. On November loth, 1687, it was ordered that all brothers bring
their punches to be struck in the house of Capt. Richard Lord,§ and that
thenceforth no one should make plate without striking his mark on it,
under a penalty of ten shillings.
In March, 1688, a new Charter was obtained from James II., and
two silver flagons belonging to the Company were sold to defray the
expenses. The same year James fled from England and, with French
aid, commenced the war with his successor which was carried on

¦¦" Mr. Garstin, F.S.A., has a full transcript, besides many similar notes supplied by Messrs. Water-
house ; see also Mr. Berry's paper. Journal of the R.S.A.I., vol. xxxi., pp. iig-38.
f Daniel Bellingham was the first Lord Mayor of Dublin, the title having been conferred in
1665. His portrait with a label describing him as "Knight and Baron " (sic) now hangs in the City
Hall. He was Under Secretary of State, and obtained a Baronetcy which became extinct on the
death of his son and successor.
X The term " melting Ingott " in this instance obviously means a melting-pot and not an ingot
or ingot-mould as the expression would now be understood.
§ Master of the Company in 1673-4 and for many years Assay Master.

The Goldsmiths of Dublin. 533
for nearly four years on Irish soil, to the interruption both of
manufactures and trade. Its effect on the Dublin goldsmiths was,
that little or no work was done during the interval, and no minutes
were recorded for nearly two years — Feb. i6th, i68g till Nov. ist, 1690.
In November, 1691, however — the army of King James having been
vanquished in the meantime — the Company voted £6 "for the carrying
on a treate for General Ginckle, General-in-chief of the Forces in Ireland
of their Majesties King William and Queen Mary." On the 30th of the
same month it is recorded that John Cuthbert handed over to Adam Soret,
the newly-elected Master, "several pieces of plate which had been placed
in his custody by the Corporation some time before the late troubles."
Shortly after this the ordinary business of the Company was re- onences against
the laws of
sumed, and the privileges of its members were strenuously maintained. iheCuiia.
In 1693 one Timothy Hevin was required to answer for keeping "open
shop " as a goldsmith, he not being a free brother. He was ordered to
"shut down" same within seven days, but was given permission to work
privately in his room, paying the fee of a quarter brother. In 1694 (Sept.
29th) it was ordered that no one should be allowed to strike his mark to
any plate or bring plate to be " touched " who was not a free brother ;
all others were required to bring to Goldsmiths' Hall on Nov. ist their
several stamps to be disposed of as the Master and Wardens saw fit. In
the same year John Cuthbert, a free brother and past warden, was ordered
to " show cause " for having employed a Frenchman to work for him for
some time before he had acquainted the Master and Wardens with the
fact. The above restriction was soon afterwards modified, and gold
smiths who were not freemen were allowed to make and put their marks
on plate, on payment of quarterly fees. In 1698 "Thomas Eliot, an
English watchmaker who had worked some time in the city, prayed
admission as a free brother, which was granted, in consideration of his
good service in the late wars in reducing this kingdom."
The records show that the Company was both vigilant and per- vigilance of the
sistent in the detection and punishment of offences against the standard.
In 1687 John Humphries, Robert Smith, John Clifton, John Phillips,
George Thornton, Francis Sherwin, John Wall, and Timothy Heyvin,
were fined various sums from 2s. 6d. to 20s. for working silver worse
than standard. In the same year it was resolved that £/\. should be
allowed towards the costs of prosecuting William Keogh, a " pretended "
goldsmith in Kilkenny, for selling plate as sterling which was not worth

Company i
the detection of
frauds.

with.

534 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
Offenders 2s. pcr OZ. In 1 69 1 Abraham Voisin, Vincent Kidder, John Phillips,
rigorously dealt
James Cotton, and John Cuthbert were all fined for working bad silver.
In July 1693 twelve pairs of shoe-buckles below standard were seized
from David Swan. He was fined for the offence but undeterred from
repeating it, as a search of his shop three months afterwards resulted
in four dram-cups and other articles being found, made of bad silver. He
opposed the Master and Wardens in a contemptuous and unworthy
manner, when they were making the search, by " forcing back said cups
and putting them down into his breeches pockets ; he ran into a room
behind his shop and hid same in an obscure place." When taken into
custody and required to produce the cups, he cursed, and swore that
same were melted down. Immediately afterwards, in fear of punish
ment, he delivered up the cups, which were beaten down. On the 25th
October he attended at the Hall and acknowledged his crime.
In the same year (1693) Michael Haines and William Billinghurst
were fined for working base silver and gold, and several sets of breast
buttons made of bad silver were seized from Mr. Nelthorp, some with Mr.
Wall's mark 8 dwts. worse, others with Mr. Sherwin's mark 2 dwts.
worse. They were broken up and delivered back. In 1717 a complaint
was made by Mr. Hore that George Farrington, a goldsmith, had sold
him a teapot not " touched " at the Hall, but which had soldered on
to it a piece of silver " touched " with the harp crowned, and the
mark of Richard Archbold struck twice on it. Archbold having been
summoned, and owning his marks and soldering, was fined ^5. In
1723 Will. Matthews was fined for having wrought base silver,
and in 1729 Andrew Patterson, of Drogheda, was "indicted for
silver worse than standard." In the same year (1729) a silver cup
very much worse than sterhng was brought in by Thomas Walker to be
assayed. It weighed 19 oz. and was said to have been made by one
Buck, of Limerick. It bore the mark of the harp crowned on. a piece of
silver which had formerly been part of some other article, soldered into
the side of the cup, — "a most notorious fraud and cheat" the record adds.
In 1708 the Company built a new Hall in Werburgh Street, where
the meetings were held and the assays conducted until the early part of
the nineteenth century. The assay office is now in the basement of the
Dublin Custom House — a government buildine-.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.

DjD

CHAPTER XXIII.
THE DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.
We have seen that in 1605 it was ordered bv the city council that Marks used prior
¦^ •> to 1605 not
all Dublin goldsmiths should have every article of plate assayed, and |!"°,^'pieTcl!own
stamped with the figures of a lion, a harp, and a castle, as well as the harpand'cMie' mark in force
goldsmith's special mark, before being sold, exchanged or offered for sale. '*°5-37'
In the absence of examples of plate bearing these marks it is impossible
to illustrate them. This, however, is not of much importance in view of
the fact that their use was very short lived, the order of 1605 having
been annulled by the Charter of December, 1637, which not only
prescribed the standards for gold and silver wares — the former to be
22 carats and the latter 1 1 oz. 2 dwts. fine — but also prescribed the marks
with which they should be stamped.
The marks prescribed bv the Charter of 16^7 were (i) the harp Marks prescribed
"^ -^ _ ^' ^ ' ' by the Charter of
crowned (which was the King's Majesty's stamp, and the standard mark) Jj^XncdrandThe
indicating that gold and silver wares so marked had been proved to be
of the standard quality ; and (2) the goldsmith's proper mark. The
first assay in pursuance of the Charter was made on the 6th April,
1638, and every article then assayed was stamped with the two marks
above described; and from that date to the present day no Dublin-made
article of silver or gold can have legally been sold or exchanged without
being so marked.
A third mark, namely, a date-letter, has been used from 16^8, in .\ d,ite-ietter,
' -^ ' ' -^ ' used from 1638.
addition to the two above mentioned. This mark is not prescribed, in
fact it is not mentioned in the Charter, but it is provided that " if any
goldsmiths' work be touched, marked, and allowed for good, and if in
the same any deceit be afterwards found, the Wardens and Company
shall forfeit and pay the value of the thing." It was obviously therefore
to the interest of the Company that they should have the means of
ascertaining in whose year of office any particular work had been stamped,
and it was probably with that object that they followed the practice
instituted by the London goldsmiths more than a century and a half
earlier, and adopted a date-letter.

536

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

The diLlc-leller,
oneof themarlvs
prescribed by
Statute in
1729, but
afterwardsfrequentlyomitted.

The following
tables of marks,
are the result
ofthe
collaboration of
the author
with several
members of
learned societies
in Ireland.

These three marks were made statutory by an Act of the Irish
Parfiament in 1729, which provided that all ardcles of gold and silver
should be assayed by the assay master appointed by the company of
goldsmiths, and that they should be marked with the three marks which
had been used from 1638, viz., the harp crowned, date-letter, and maker's
mark. The date-letter, however, appears to have been very frequently
omitted in the case of plate made in the latter half of the eighteenth
centur}'. A fourth mark — the figure of Hibernia — was adopted in 1730 or
1 73 1, and a fifth mark, consisting of a representation of the head of the
Sovereign, was used from 1807 to 1890. The reasons for the use of
these marks will be found explained further on.
A great deal of misconception has existed with respect to the Dublin
Hall-marks, more particularly the date-letter. In no work dealing
with the subject have the marks been represented with even a reasonable
approximation to accuracy, and in a recently published " Magazine for
Collectors," an article appeared, with accompanying tables of marks,
purporting to be correct representations; but in each of the tables,
previously published errors were copied, with the difference merely that
the size of the representations was increased (the errors being thereby
exaggerated) and that the marks, which in the previously published
tables had been arranged vertically, were, in the tables as copied,
arranged horizontally.
The correction of the errors which have so long existed with regard
to the marks on Dublin plate, and the presentation of Tables of Marks of
Irish Goldsmiths with the nearest obtainable approach to accuracy, has
been the aim of the author, and the collection of material for this
purpose has been the work of years. The succeeding Tables of Marks
and Names, are the result of the collaboration of the author with the
following Irish gendemen : — Mr. John Ribton Garsdn, F.S.A., President
of the Royal Society of Andquaries of Ireland, and lately Vice-President
R.I.A.; Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., of Cork; Mr. Henry F. Berry, Assistant
Keeper of the Records in Ireland, a Member of the Royal Irish Academy;
Mr. Langley Archer West, Master of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company;
and last but by no means least, Mr. Dudley Westropp, who has left
nothing unexamined in the archives of the Goldsmiths' Company, or the
Dublin civic records, which could in any way elucidate this subject.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.

537

Of all the Tables of Dubhn date-marks which have hitherto been
published, one compiled by Dr. Waterhouse in 1881 — reproduced here
— is most nearly accurate : — [TENTATIVE]
TABLE OF DUBLIN DATE-MARKS.
Compiled by Dr. W. D. Waterhouse.

SStarnps

OOiamps

3S&3mps

0 Stamps

bSUm,tto\'n'i t . . .0^1732
GEORGE I

i> li <3) sa

4Seampstni607 5. . oft<rie07
f^\ ^-, y-^ /— * 

hSiamps
ShitlcLs yofxous

SStffmps

b SCamps

^^S'

i#

w%m

CEORCEH

g AfTtB 1784
George: nr

®i)®g)(a CEORCEIH

CEORCEW

VICTORIA

V(CTOR(A

®

1721
®
1746
®
1771
®
1796
®
I8Z(
ta)
1846
^
18 7(
1638
1658
3
1678
1698
1722
(S
1747
tl
1772
®
1797
®
1822
^
1847
W
(872
1639
h
1659
1679
u
1699
(f
1723
tc]
1748
^
1773
©
1798
©
1823
©
1848
^
(873
1640
1660
1
1680
m
1700
m
1724
^
1749
©
1774
®
1799
®
1824
^
1849
^
1874
1641
1661
1681
j@
1701
i
1725
®
1750
^
1775
®
1800
§{|>
1825
^
(850
^
(875
1642
1662
1682
m
1702
®.
1726
^
1751
®
1776
®
1801
w
(826
|) ffl
(85 (
W
(876
1643
1663
1683
W\
1703
1727
tgJ
1752
51
1777
©
1802
m
(827
® ®
(8S2
^
J877
S
1644
1664
1684
m
1704
i)
1728
W
1753
i
1778
®
1803
®
1828
®
(853
^
(878
H
1645
1665
1685
n
1705
5P
1729
tp
1754
tu
1779
®
1804
®0
(829
0
(854
^
1879
I
1646
1666
1686
1706
1730
^
1755
®
1780
®
1805
®"
LfAM IV
(830
cgi
(855
^
1880
K
1647
1667
1687
1707
®
1731
©
1756
B
1781
0
1806
©
(83 (
(5
(856
V
(881
L
1648
1668
1688
1708
W"
IKhia 1732
^
1757
®
1782
®""
1807
m
(832
m
(857
1649
1669
1689
^
1709
m
1733
^
1758
®
1788
§i
IB08
m^
(833
^
1858
1650
16 70
1690
1710
1734
^
j759
El
1784
©
1809
(9)®
(834
®
(859
1651
1671
1691
1711
w
1735
^"°
"\m
'"©'"
1785
e
1810
@©
(835
^
(860
1652
1672
1692
i
1712
m
1736
w
1761
^
1786
D
1811
®®
1836
^
I86(
1653
1673
1693
i
1713
^
1737
®
1762
®
1787
D
1812
i®'
(CTORPA (837
^
1862
1654
1674
1694
i
1714
®
1738
1]
1763
®
1786
(D
18(3
©®
1838
^
1863
1655
1675
1695
i
1715
®
1739
©
1764
©
1789
It)
1814
w
1839
^
i864
T
1656
1676
®
1696
®
1716
^
1740
®
1765
®
1790
^
1815
®®
1840
m
(865
1657
1677
1697
1717
1741
D
1766
D
1791
D
1816
®,
1841
^
(866
D
1718
1742
^
1767
^
1792
@
1817
^
1842
®
(867
^hrst
UtUri
®
1719
f
1743
f
1768
I)
1793
IS
1818
^
1843
^
(868
TaJce.
,.rn>n
GoUi
mUs
i)
1720
^
1744
•®
1769
'^
1794
®
18(9
w
1844
^
1869
a
-poral
t?n..ffi>
fJks
®
1745
^
1770
^
1795
(D
1820
m
1845
^
1870
In this table by Dr. Waterhouse it will be observed that at 1766,
1 79 1, and 1 8 16 respectively, shields are left unoccupied by date-letters. In
explanation of these blanks, when placing his table at the author's disposal
in 1899, Dr. Waterhouse said : " I examined tons of plate for the con
struction of that table, and although I found every other letter used in
those cycles, I never met with a letter V earlier than 1841. I left the
shields blank in case they should subsequently turn up. If they were
not used, the result is that the letters in those cycles are a year or two,
may be three, out of their place." Mr. Cripps, who had been given per
mission to use Dr. Waterhouse's table, adapted it to the columns of "Old
English Plate," but in so doing (without mentioning an)' authorit}')
538 Thc Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
materially altered it, by interpolating an entirely factitious letter U at 1741
and filling each subsequent blank with a Roman capital V, in not one
of ivhich cases was the addition authentic, for there is no instance of the use
of the letter V before 1841.* What Mr. Cripps printed in "Old English
Plate" Mr. Chaffers, or his editors, copied (with acknowledgment) in
"Hall Marks on Plate," and a contributor to The Connoisseur of March,
1904, again copied, without naming the source of his marks, which is,
however, disclosed by the errors reproduced.
We will now consider the marks in detail in chronological order : —
THE HARP CROWNED.
Theharp Flrstly, thc Harp-crowned, or Sovereign's mark: The appearance of
thrvaHoussh.-ipes this mark has varied so much from time to time since 1638 that its
of the enclosing
?47do«waX successive changes cannot well be described in words, and for that
reason the reader is referred to the following tables, where its various
forms are represented as they have been found on authendc ardcles of
plate. It may, however, be stated that the broad distinctions are as
follows: — From 1638 until 1787 the shape of the stamp followed the
outhne of the device which it enclosed; from 1787 undl 1794 the outline
was oval, and from 1794 until 1809 it was octagonal, or, to be more
precise, an upright parallelogram with the corners clipped off. In the
earlier examples of 1809 the stamp with the octagonal outline is still found.
In 1794 and 1795 both the oval and octagonal-shaped crowned-harp
stamps appear to have been used, marks of both forms having been
found in conjunction with the letters X and Y, and the marks of the
three years 1 794-5-6 present a poor appearance, as if the punches with
which they were struck had been cut by a somewhat incompetent die-
sinker. The harp-crowned punch used in 1808 and 1809 appears to
have been much worn, since in many examples of the mark for those
years, the outline presents the appearance of a square -with rounded
corners rather than an octagon. In the latter part of the year 1809 and
thenceforward for eleven years, the harp was in a regular heraldic shield
with straight sides, engrailed top, and curved base, terminating in a point.
In 1 82 1 and the five following years the oval-shaped stamp was resumed.
¦••¦¦ With reference to the absence of V before 1841, Mr. Garstin observes: — "It need cause no
astonishment, if it be borne in mind that neither it nor the ' double U,' 'was originally in the Roman
alphabet, and when employed they were regarded as only different forms of the same letter, and were
so treated in Dictionaries. Similarly, I and J were not deemed separate letters. Apart from Black-
letter, in which they are usually indistinguishable, j is onlv found, as an Irish date-letter, in small
Roman letter, for 1854 (not 1879 as shown in Dr. Waterhouse's Table)."

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks. 539
From 1827 until 1846 the crowned harp was enclosed in a shield, the
shape of which was changed no less than eleven times in nineteen years.
From 1846 until 1871 the mark was again enclosed in a regular shield, the
top of shield being invected. From 1871 to the present time the outline
of the stamp has been similar in form to that of 1794- 1809, namely an
upright parallelogram with clipped (or slightly rounded) corners. In
recent years the size of the stamp has been smaller than it was in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and while on early plate the same
(large size) mark is found stamped on small articles as on large, on
plate of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries several sets of stamps
varying in size from large (but not so large as the early stamps) to very
small, have been used. THE MAKER'S MARK.
(2) The Maker's Mark, or, as it is designated in the Charter, "the The maker's
^ ^ ¦ mark.
goldsmith's proper mark": This mark, from the date of the first operation
of the Charter of 1637, till about the middle of the nineteenth century,
is almost invariably found composed of letters, either separate or in
monogram, indicating the Christian and surnames of the maker. In the
eighteenth century two or three instances have been found of a single
letter having been used for a maker's mark ; on the other hand in some
cases where the maker's surname was composed of no more than three
or four letters such as LAW, SLY and WEST, the entire surname was
used. The practice of using the entire surname in the maker's mark
became much more common in the nineteenth century, when names as
long as WATERHOUSE are found to have been so used. John Letablere
used the first three letters of his surname for his mark about 1 740-50.
Two or three instances are to be found between 17 15 and 1740 of marks
such as Sa and Su, composed apparently of the first two letters of the
maker's surname as used in England on plate of the Britannia Standard,
but marks such as these are very rare.
The letters in the maker's marks of the seventeenth and the first ise of devices in
conjunction with
half of the eighteenth century are often found accompanied by a device, ^aker'smMkl
such as a rosette, an anchor, an arrow, a fleur-de-lys, a mullet, a lion, a
bird, a plume, a thistle, and the like, or with a crown or coronet over
the letters, enclosed in a single stamp. The use of a crown or
coronet in a maker's mark appears to have caused some jealousy and
misconception with regard to its meaning. It was suggested that the

540

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Crowns and other
ornaments in
maker's marks
forbidden in 1731
but used
occasionallyafterwards until
about 1780.

Registration of
Marks in 1784.

use of such a device tended to delude the public into believing that
Royal authority or warrant was thereby indicated. The Goldsmiths'
Company having resolved to prohibit the use of such devices, the
following order was entered in the minutes : —
" 173 1 Nov. 1st. Ordered that all [persons] working in gold and silver
having crowns, coronets, or other ornaments with their punches are forthwith
to bring such punches to [the] Master and Wardens to have the same defaced,
and that no one hereafter use crowns, coronets or any ornaments. In case of such
use [offenders] to be proceeded against with the utmost severity of the law."
What was meant by "the utmost severity of the law" does not
appear, nor does it appear that the order was immediately attended to,
for we find that coronets and other ornaments were used in maker's
marks with nearly as much frequency for a few years after the promulga
tion of the order as before. From 1745, however, the use of these
" ornaments " became much less common, but a coronet is found in a
maker's mark as late as 1780. Possibly the resolution : — "1744 Samuel
Walker ordered to change his mark" may have had some effect on the
goldsmith named and others.
In 1783, by the 23 and 24 Geo. IIL, c. 23 (Ireland) it was enacted
that " from and after g Septr. 1784 no person being a merchant manufacturer or
dealer in gold or silver wares should sell or expose for sale, buy or exchange or
export any wares of gold or silver or of both or any jewels either set or unset
without first registering his name and place of abode with the Company of
Goldsmiths in Dublin in a book to be kept by the said Company for that purpose
under a penalty of ;^ioo for every offence."
" No Hawker pedlar or other trading person going from town to town should
buy sell or export to sell exchange or barter any wares of gold or silver under a
penalty of £^0 for every offence."
" That it should be lawful on or after the ist June 1784 for any person
making or causing to be made any goldsmith's work to enter an impression
of his mark or punch together with his or her respective name and place of
abode at the Assay Office at Dublin (or New Geneva) upon paying 5s. to the
Assayer or Wardens of such office who were required to make in a plate or
sheet of pewter or copper an impression of such mark and also make an entry
of such mark and the name and place of abode of the owner in a book to be
kept for the purpose and that no person should be entitled to have any gold
smith's work made by him or her assayed or stamped at such assay office
until after it should have been stamped by the maker with his mark (entered
as aforesaid) and that no goldsmith's work should be assayed or marked at
such assay office if marked with any other mark but such as should have
been duly entered as aforesaid."
Consequent upon this Act, a large number of Dublin and pro
vincial goldsmiths complied with its provisions in the year 1784, and the
marks of many of them are to be found struck in the plates of copper

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Date-letters. 541
preserved in the assay office. But the marks of all are not so recorded,
and after a while the requirements of the Act appear to have fallen into
abeyance. The register — commenced in 1 784 — of the names and marks
of manufacturing goldsmiths does not contain all the maker's marks
found to have been used during the first half of the century which suc
ceeded the passing of the Act of 1783. The books of the Company,
however, contain the names of many for whom plate was assayed, and
the names and places of abode of goldsmiths carrying on their trade in
provincial towns which were registered at Goldsmiths' Hall, Dublin, in
compliance with the above Act.
In the nineteenth century the makers' marks consisted for the most
part of the bare initials of the goldsi^iths' names. These marks were
then and are now much smaller and simpler than those of earlier times.
The lists of goldsmiths' names which follow the tables of marks, will The following
be found of great assistance in the identification of makers, and will to goldsmiths-
names will be of
a great extent enable the date of the manufacture of a piece of plate to g^fn'^""'"
be approximately fixed in cases where no date-letter has been stamped, ttedTtrofpiate

without £

and the maker's mark and the harp crowned only are distinguishable, date-ietter.
It must, however, be observed that in many cases the names of gold
smiths appearing in the tables have not been verified by contemporary
records as those of the owners of the marks, but have been conjectured
because the initials correspond with the marks.
THE DATE-LETTER.
(3.) The Date-letter : The earliest record of a date-letter in the
Chronicles of the Goldsmiths' Company is that of the letter G for 1644-5.
This entry is followed by others, which record that the letters appointed
for the four succeeding years were H, I, K and L respectively. We are
left in no doubt as to the letter with which the cycle was commenced in
April, 1638, for there is at Trinity College, Dublin, a communion flagon
inscribed in contemporaneous lettering " Par fratrum pariles fecerunt esse
lagenas, Moses et Eduardus Hill generosi. Anno Domini j6j8,"* This
'¦'' Mr. Garstin, P.R.S..4.I., writes ; — A representation of this flagon is given in " The Book of
Trinity College," (i8gi) at page 44, and a description in the Chapter on the College plate, page 267.
It is of paramount interest as the oldest known piece of Irish plate with a date-letter. But its
inscription is also curious, and has not hitherto been explained. In order to make it intelligible, it
is necessary to mention that the Chapel of Trinity College previously possessed a flagon which was
presented by one of the Fellows, John Richardson, (who became Bishop of .\rdagh,j but it was of
London make. Two undergraduates of T.C.D., desiring to emulate him, had the flagon in question
made to match the other, and so the inscription (the first part of which is in verse), may be thus
rendered in doggrel English : — " Edward and Moses [Hill], a pair of brothers, made these a pair
by giving this other."

542 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
flagon is marked with the harp crowned of the early form, the date-letter
A in a curiously shaped shield, and P V in monogram, the " proper
mark " of Peter Vaneyndhoven. At Fethard in co. Wexford, there
is a communion cup inscribed "Ex dono Nicolai Loftus Anno Salutis,
i6jg," marked with the harp crowned, the date-letter B in a plain shield
for 1639-40, and I T the "proper mark" of John Thornton.* In the same
church there is a communion paten with a similar crowned harp, the
"proper mark" of the same goldsmith, and date-letter C for the following
year. In Derry cathedral there is a communion cup also marked with the
same kind of harp crowned, the date-letter D (in a plain shield,) and the
"proper mark" of William Cooke. The Dublin Museum possesses a
spoon "slipped in the stalk" marked with the crowned harp of the early
form, the date-letter S (in a plain shield,) and the "proper mark" of Daniel
Bellingham (warden 1656-7). At this point an entry in the Goldsmiths'
minute book is of importance. It runs as follows : —
"Nov. gth, 1660. Trial zvas this day made at G.S. Hall, Dublin,
of all the diet of all the plate that had been touched there from the 12th day of
Feb. 16^7 to the day of the date aforesaid at the rate of 2grs. to the lb.
being plate touched 2i,977oz. 5dwts. and upon trial made it fell out to
be by the assay better idwt. being present 20th of the diet 70Z. 11 dwts.
letter ST and lett. b."
In other words the period during which the diet tested on the 9th
Nov. 1660 had accumulated, extended from the 12th Feb. 1657 to the
day of trial. At the commencement of such period the letter T was
the date-letter in use, and during the last year of such period the letter
in use was b as is proved by the following entry, "November 12th,
1^59 ¦ — Order that the letter b, a small Roman letter, be struck by the assay-
master upon all the silver plate which shall be brought to his office and
approved of by him from after the day of the date hereof until the first day of
November next."
The letter T having been the date-letter for 1656-7, and h the letter
for 1659-60, it seems safe to assume that U was the letter for 1657-8,
and that a was the letter for 1658-9 and commenced the second alphabet
«' During the first three years after the incorporation of the Company the records appear to have
been regularly entered. Thornton's name, however, does not appear in the list of freemen until i6ss
but as John Ihornton is the only goldsmith known to have been working about 16^0 whose initials
fit the above mark it is suggested that he was probably working then as a goldsmith, and allowed
certam privileges before being admitted as a free brother to the enjoyment of all the amenities
pertaining to the full freedom of the Company. This frequently happened.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Date-letters. 543
or cycle. It is moreover extremely probable that the Dublin Gold
smiths were acquainted with the fact that their London brethren had
been using alphabetical marks arranged in cycles (of twenty years) in
each of which the first twenty letters of the alphabet — A to U (or V)
were employed, and that during the first forty years of the existence of
the Dublin Company, under the Charter of 1637, a similar practice was
followed. The next certain mark in the tables of Dublin date-letters, is the Old e fixed as the
date-letter for
English (IT for 1680. This letter occurs on the great tankards of the f^°i^^^^^^„
Merchant Taylors' Company, London, which bear a contemporary inscrip- SfMerchant'"Taylors' tankards.
tion stating that they were "made in the year one thousand six hundred
and eightie, being the plate of the Guild of St. John Baptist, Dublin."
The guild was a company of Merchant Tailors like the Company in
London, into whose possession the tankards passed directly upon the
dissolution of the Dublin Guild.
It is therefore obvious that from 1659-60 to 1680 the rotation of
the date-letters must have been as shown in the second and third of
the following tables. In view of the dates when new Wardens were
elected and the old Wardens retired from office, it also seems clear that
the first date-letter, the Roman capital A, was used from the date of
the first assay — 6th April, 1638 — to November, 1639, and that each
succeeding letter was used from November of one year until the same
month in the succeeding year. It should be borne in mind that at
this period it was a common practice to retain the date of the old year
until Lady Day in the new year. The next point of time, after 1680,
at which a date-letter is fixed, is the year 1693-4. It is recorded in the -iheicucr JS,
goldsmiths' books that the letter appointed for that year is K. The letter adopted in'iogj,
used for more
itself is written in the book in a kind of hybrid cursive hand, but as 'hano"":;':-'"^.
there are known to the author at least nine authentic examples of the
letter itself (which is an old English capital), it is unnecessary to re
produce the written character. Several of the objects on which this
letter occurs are dated in contemporary engraving. One with maker's
mark J W (probably for Joseph Walker) is inscribed " Chalice given to
St. Michael's, Dublin, 1693;" another with maker's mark W D (William
Drayton) at St. Michan's, and a paten at St. Werburgh's (made by John
Clifton), are similarly dated. In Abbeyleix church there is a communion
cup inscribed "Jan, 1695, Abbey Leix," Now the goldsmiths' books
contain no record of any plate having been assayed in the year 1693,

544

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,

War troubles of
i688-g3 caused a
break of
continuity.

The letter ^
recorded with
entries of 1699-
1700.

nor until February in the following year, that is to say 1694. It
is obvious that at this period each date-letter was used for more thaft
one year, and as the examples of plate referred to above are inscribed
with dates in such a manner as to indicate exactitude, it appears clear
that the old English capital P. found on those examples may be safely
ascribed to 1693-4-5. The fixing of the letters between the year 1 680-1
and 1693 is, however, not so simple a matter, principally owing to the
break caused by the war troubles of 1688-92, during which period very
little plate (if any) appears to have been either made or assayed.
There is an entry in the goldsmiths' books of a regulation in 1686
that " the assay master for the time being shall yearly and every year hereafter
enter with the clerk of the company the letter of the year with which he marks
each brother's plate."
This regulation, however, appears to have been very much neglected
and for a whole century the entries of the letter of the year are only
occasional.* The date-letters which have been found between Ot and ^
are §, (S, and ^, and as there is no reason for supposing that any break
occurred either in the business of the company or the order of the date-
letters during the reign of Charles 1 1., it has been assumed that the letter
JI was used in its proper place, although no example of that letter per
taining to the cycle in question has been found. The date-letter ®
occurs on a communion cup bearing a contemporary inscription recording
its gift by Alderman John Rogerson a.d. 1685, and on the " Dogget"
paten "given 1693 " to St. Werburgh's, Dublin. It may therefore have
been that the letter % was the only date-letter stamped on Dublin plate
from 1685 until the §, was used in 1693-4. If that were so, the letters
^ and J although not used must have been treated as if they had been
used (during some of the years intervening between 1685 and 1693)
before the % was appointed to be used in 1693-4.
The next "land-mark" is the Old English capital letter ^#1, -which
has been stamped in the thick paper of the assay book with the same
punch as that with which the date-letter was struck on a communion
cup, at Abbeyleix (from Ballyrgan), dated 1 700. The mark is stamped
on the last page containing entries referring to articles assayed February
9th, 1700. This record gives us the date-letter for 1699- 1700, and in
further confirmadon of the ascription of the letters of this period, there

^^¦' Mr, Dudley \\'estropp suggests that the entries may have been regularly made in accordance
with the resolution of 1686, and that the book containing them has probably been lost.

" Feb. ist.

1705-

" Oct. gth.

1708.

" Sept.,

1712.

" Feb. 2nd,

1715-

" July,

1716.

" Sept.,

1721.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Date-letters, 545
is the Lifford mace, with the date-letter ® (in the possession of Lord
Erne), dated 1701. The letter %, of 1702-^, is also stamped in one Theietterj9
-" ' -Jir ' -." r recorded with the
of the goldsmiths' books on the page containing the list of wardens and appo?nt°ed°for"'
members of the company for that year; and confirmation of the fact of
its being the letter for the year 1702-3 is its occurrence on Dromore
Cathedral Church plate, dated 1703. It seems clear therefore that the
letter |E must have been used during three years (1696-7-8), as was
almost certainly the case with the letter % (1693-4-5).
The following entries with reference to punches occur in the cash
accounts of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company : —
Paid for punches ... ... 6s. od."
Paid for cutting letters" (no money entry).
2 letter punches ... ... los. od."
Paid Brown for 4 punches . . . los. od."
Cutting 6 punches ... 15s. od."
Paid for punches ... ... 12s. od."
Paid for punches ... ... i6s. 3d."
These entries, however, afford very little assistance, as it is not other records
havmg reference
stated what letters were cut in any of the punches. After the p of '"date-ietters.
1702-3 there is really no entry in any ofthe Company's books which
affords any information concerning date-letters, until Feby. 2nd, 1747,
when it is recorded that the sum of " 7s. 7d, was paid for two punches,
letter A," We are, therefore, restricted in a measure to dated examples
of plate, (of which there are, fortunately, a considerable number in the
hands of corporate bodies in Ireland), for information enabling us to
arrange the date-letters which were used from 1703 undl 1747, in
chronological order. The Old English letter (^ has been found only on
undated plate, but the fl is found on a communion paten inscribed
"New St, Mary's Church Dublin 1705," and on a communion cup and
paten, dated 1706, at St. Nicholas (without), Dublin. The ^ is found
on a communion cup and paten inscribed "Bartholomew Vigors Bp. of
Ferns and Leighlin Anno Dom. 1707," at Staplestown, co. Carlow. The
9t is found on communion plate dated 1709, presented in that year to
Dromiskin Church, co. Louth, by Sir Thomas Fortescue. The M. is found
on two communion patens at St. Mary's, Dublin, "given by Dr. Pooley,
1 71 2, "and on two flagons, similarly dated, in Cloyne Cathedral The Wis
on a communion cup, dated 1 7 1 4, at Rathclaren, co. Cork. The ^ occurs on
six pieces of church plate, dated 17 14 (from the demolished church of the
once flourishing but now merged parish of St. Brides), in the possession
of the Irish Church Representative Body, and on communion cups, dated
35

546

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Several letters
used for more
than one year.

Shape of the tops
of shields.

1 7 1 5, in St. John's Cathedral, Cashel ; and the ^ is found on a communion
flagon, dated 1 7 1 6, at Killeshandra. A number of other examples have been
found marked with the above date-letters, both with and without inscribed
dates, but as they bear marks similar to those which are represented in
the tables, it is unnecessary to increase the number mentioned by
referring to them in detail. Each of the letters between ^ and ^,
judging by the dated examples of plate which have been found, served
for more than a single year, and there appears sufficient reason for
assigning each letter to the years set opposite to it in the tables. The
quandty of plate assayed between 1703 and 1714, in the aggregate,
was not large, and during this period some one or more of the
wardens held office for two or more years ; there was therefore no
necessity for changing the letter every year. No example of plate
marked with the letter Z for 17 16-7 has been found, but the letter in all
probability was used, and an authentic example may some day be brought
to light. With the single exception of the letter A of 1638-9, all the
enclosing shields of the date-letters have straight tops, until that of the
§ of 1706-8, the top of which is engrailed, as are the tops of the two
following letters (^ and ^). The Wi. of 1712-3-4 has been found only
in shields with straight tops ; the next two letters [^ and ^) are known
to the author in shields with engrailed tops only.
With respect to the date-letters used from 171 7 to 1746, although
we are not assisted in assigning them to their proper places by any entries
in the goldsmiths' records, we have otherwise the means of fixing the
letters for 1727-8 and 1746. The letter '^ in a shield with engrailed
top, an eighteenth century crowned harp — larger than that used in
the time of James II. — and the "proper mark" of Robert Calderwood,
occur on a communion paten dated 1727 at St. Werburgh's, Dublin; the
same date-letter and harp crowned, with the " proper mark " of Thomas
Walker are on the mace of the Borough of Portarlington, which was sold
in the nineteenth century and acquired by Mr. T. A. H. Poynder, who
presented it to the London Goldsmiths' Company in 1864. This mace
is inscribed in contemporary engraving with the date 1728. Now, a
mace is not an article which any goldsmith would make "for stock," and
it is not likely to have been made for a private person, and, after a year
or more had elapsed, dated and presented — as often happened in the case
of cups and other vessels. This mace was no doubt made to order for
the Borough of Portarlington at the date which it bears, and in view of

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Date-letters. 547
the fact that the St. Werburgh's paten with the same date-letter is dated
1727, this letter '^ is confidently assigned to the year 1727-8. The The letter a of
ascription of the respective date-letters from 1 717-8 to 1727-8 is a simple
matter, because a distinct letter is found for every intervening year.
In 1 71 7 a Court-hand alphabet was commenced with the letter 3, Three coun-
hand letters
followed by the letters 6 and C respectively in the two succeeding years. J,"twxeroid
This alphabet must have been soon abandoned, for in 1720, without any alphabets.
apparent reason, an alphabet of old English capitals was again resorted
to, the letters being changed and taken in consecutive order yearly, down
to the 1£ of 1 730-1. These letters are easily distinguishable from those of The distinction
' ^ JO between the old
the preceding cycle by the fact that the enclosing shields of all the earlier f,"fc!!^6 3 thost
letters of the same character are straight topped, while the tops ofthe
later shields are each engrailed. Apart from these distinguishing features
there is a marked difference in the design of the crowned-harps of the
two cycles, as will be at once observed on referring to the tables.
In 1730 or 1 73 1 a new stamp, namely, the figure of Hibernia,
was adopted for a reason which will be presently explained. The
addition of this stamp affords of itself a feature of distinction in the Dublin
marks. The date-letter H appears to have been used for two years.
When without the Hibernia mark, it is, in the following tables, assigned
to 1 730-1, and when accompanied by the figure of Hibernia, it is assigned
to 1 73 1-2. From Jit to It the alphabet proceeded regularly, each year
having a distinct letter. The latter, however, instead of being followed
by IS", was foUowed by '^. The letter V was not used until 1841, and
every table in which it appears before that date is inaccurate. Two sorts
of 'W were used, one with a straight top to its enclosing shield, that of the
other being engrailed, as illustrated in Table VL* In the absence of a
record it is impossible to say which form of W is the earlier, they are
therefore bracketed in the table for the two years — 1741 to I743.f
The accuracy ofthe dates ascribed to the letters in this table is confirmed
by the contemporary inscription on the Athy mace marked with the
date-letter Z. It runs as follows : — " The gift of the Rt, Honble, James
Earl of Kildare to the Borough of Athy Sept, 2gth, 1746,"
At some time between 1743 and 1747 the date for changing the
annual letter appears to have been altered. There is reason to believe
¦•¦•¦ In a table of supplementary marks on page 571 infra, the date-letter %. is also represented
in a straight-topped shield. It was so found after the tables had been arranged.
X The repetition of 8S may possibly be explained by recalling the origin of its name^double of
U, (V was also a " double " of U in the sense of being interchangeable with it), just as, in the Greek
alphabet. Omega (or great o) was constructed by repeating or doubling Omicron (or little o).

548

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

From about 1747
to 1826, letters
changed on ist
(or 2nd) of
January.

Twentyfour letters served for
26 years — 1747 to
1772 inclusive.

that the letter % was used from the ist November 1743, to the 31st
December 1744, a period of fourteen months. Thenceforward, until
the year 1826, the change of letter was made each year on the ist (or
2nd) of January.
In January 1747, a new cycle (the first of four in succession, each
consisting of Roman capitals and consequently causing much confusion)
was commenced with the letter A. This is confirmed by a record in the
accounts (current from ist Nov. 1746), of the approval on 2nd Feb. 1747
of the payment of "7s. 7d. for two punches letter A," which, as already
mentioned, appears in the goldsmiths' books. All the letters of this
alphabet except J and V were used in regular succession, a different letter
for each year with two exceptions, namely: (i) There are two kinds
of date-mark E in this cycle, one of which has the top of its enclosing
shield formed of two waved lines invected in the centre, the shield of the
other being engrailed ; each of these two forms of the date-mark E pro
bably served for a year, and are bracketed in Table VII. for 1751 and
1752. (2) The letter U, which, it is suggested, served for two years, 1767
and 1768, because it is found with a Hibernia stamp of oval shape and also
with one shaped to the outline of the figure. There is no record proving
the case to be as here suggested, but there is the fact that for twentysix
years only twentyfour distinct letters are to be found, for in the tons of
Dublin plate which have been examined no V has been found of an
earlier date than 1841, and no J earlier than 1854. It seems clear, there
fore, that in two years of this cycle a letter must have been used which
had been used before, and all the probabilities point to the conclusion
indicated above and illustrated in Table VII.
The shields of the date-letters in this cycle are all straight sided,
except that of the S which has slightly hoUowed sides, and the tops are
all engrailed, except that of one of the two examples of the letter E which
is as above described; the bases are all pointed, and all angular at the
sides of the base, except four, which are slightly rounded as shown in
the table. The four letters, B, C, N and O, of this cycle are not easily dis-
dnguishable from the same letters of the following cycle, but in the later
alphabet they are less broad in proportion to their height and the main
lines less thick than is the case with those of the earher. The upper
central point of the shield of the letter C in the later cycle is raised above
the outer points, unlike the shield of that letter in the earlier cycle.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Date-letters. 549
The allocation of the date-letters to their respective years in
Table VIII (i773 to 1796) has been an easy task, by reason of the
discovery in the Goldsmiths' cash accounts of the following entries of
payments for letter-punches: — "Letter P for 1787," "Q for 1788"
and " R for 1789." These three letters being fixed, all the others, before
as well as after, fall into their proper places without question. The The letters for
'773 '9^
letter A of this cycle is differentiated from that of the preceding cycle f^^'^^'^^l^
by the shape of its shield, which is markedly different from that of "''*''"''
the earlier letter A as will be readily observed by glancing at the tables.
The letters B, C, N and O have already been discussed. There is a
pellet under each of the letters D, E, F, H, I, K, L, and M of this cycle,
whereby they are easily distinguished from similar letters in the preceding
cycle. The base of the shield ofthe letter G of 1779 is rounded, while
that of the G of 1754 is angular. The alteration which was made in
the outline of the crowned-harp stamp in 1787 prevents the possibility
of the marks from that year onwards being mistaken for any of an earlier
date and vice versa; but as this alteration was not made until after some
plate had been stamped in that year, the letter P of 1787 is found with
the crowned-harp stamp of both the old and new form.
The following lines, which refer to payments for letter punches, have
been copied from accounts in the archives of the Dublin Goldsmiths'

Company

—

s.
d.
* Jan
4th
1791
3
letter
punches
T
10
10
Henry
Standish.
JJ
3rd
1792
JJ
J'
U
JJ
JJ
JJ
3rd
1793
JJ
11
w
James
Standish.
>j
4th
1794
)i
,,
X
))
)j
Jl
,,
Z for
1796 „
JJ
JJ
* Jan
1797
)J
,,
A for
1797 ,j
))
JJ
1798
JJ
,,
B
JJ
JJ
* Jan
2nd
1799
?J
11
C
JJ
JJ
JJ
2nd
1800
JJ
,,
D
JJ
)j
)j
3rd
1801
J)
n
E
J)
J)
2nd
1802
JJ
J)
F
J'
JJ
'Aug
26th
1802
2
letter
punches
F
5
5
JJ
J)
'Dec
30th
1802
3
?i
?i
G
10
10
JJ
)j
' Feb IOth
1803
I
J)
n
G
2
8*
JJ
JJ
'Jan
ist
1804
2
steel
punches
H
5
5
Will.
Mossop.
)j
2nd
1805
4
11
JJ
I
10
10
)J
JJ
'Dec
17th
1805
4
punches
K
J)
JJ
JJ
'July
28th
1806
)>
n
L
JJ
)J
JJ
'Jan
5th
1814
cutting
2 letters
S
JJ
J)
J)
JJ
6th
1825
2
punches letter
E
5
5
JJ
JI
550

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Date-letters for
1797 to r820
distinguished from those of
other years.

i82r to 1845-6

These accounts prove that the date letters in the following tables
from 1 79 1 to 1807, (except possibly 1795) and for the years 18 14 and
1825, have been put in their proper places, and that no such letter as V
was, or could have been, used in the year 1791, as represented in "Old
English Plate" and "Hall Marks on Plate." The two letter punches
paid for on Aug. 26, 1802, were probably required to replace two of the
three which had been procured on Jan. 2nd, 1802, and which had very
likely become damaged or worn by use, as the business done at that
period was considerable. The payment of los. lod., on July 28th, 1806,
for four punches letter L (not required before Jan. i, 1807), is the only
recorded occasion (shown in these extracts) where punches appear to
have been obtained (five months) in advance. There seems, however,
to be no other feasible explanation than that they were obtained in
advance from Wm. Mossop of Dublin, the die-sinker who cut them.
The date-letters in Table IX. (1797 to 1820) may, although they
also are Roman capitals, be readily distinguished from others of the same
character by the fact that from 1797 to 1808 they are in oblong stamps
with clipped corners. The letters M (of 1808) and N (of 1809) are for
the most part in square stamps with the corners rounded. The N
is however also found in a shield with engrailed top, and waved base
terminadng in a point; a form of shield in which all the later letters
of this cycle are respectively enclosed. The letter O is also found in
two forms of shield, one with engrailed top, the other having a straight
top with corners slightly hollowed. None of these letters, N to Z
(1809-20), can be mistaken for similar characters of any other cycle, by
reason of the shapes of the crowned-harp and Hibernia stamps, and the
sovereign's head which accompany them. The date (18 13) to which the
letter R of this cycle is assigned, is proved to be correct by the fact that
the Masonic cup at Limerick, which bears that date-mark, was ordered
in February and made by the month of May in that year.
The cycle of date-letters 1821 to 1845-6, represented in Table X. is
again, with one excepdon, composed of Roman capitals. The shape of
the enclosing shields of these letters varies so much that their forms will
be better understood by a reference to the illustrations in the table than
by reading a mass of descripdve matter, which therefore is not given.
The marks of this cycle cannot be mistaken for those of any other, as
will be seen immediately on consulting the tables.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks, 551
An order is recorded in the goldsmiths' books dated Feb. 2nd, 1822,
" that an entire ne'w set of punches be made annually and put into use on Jany.
1st each year," and it is also recorded that "On Novr. 30th, 1822, on the New
Master taking office there '^vere handed to him thirteen hand punches and twelve
press punches all defaced ; four gold punches, three press punches and fourteen
hand punches to be used until Jany. ist, 1823, also twelve new hand punches not
to be used until Jany. ist, 1823."
The above order merely confirmed the practice which had been
followed for a number of years previously, and which in the third year
from the date of that order was altered in the following manner : —
The date-letter brought into use in January 1825 (the Roman capital E),
was discontinued on September 20th, 1825, when it was '¦^ ordered that
new punches be made with letter Q. for remainder of year," This change of sepi. 20th, 1825 ;
letter changed
letter was effected by the direction of the Commissioners of Stamps, (to J;;""^ jedulJon
whom the collection of the duty on plate had been transferred from the varMontoi^
Standard.
Commissioners of Excise by the Statute 6 Geo. IV. c. 118,) in order
to mark the reduction of the allowance of variation from standard, to
i^ dwt. per 12 oz., so as to assimilate the practice with that of the
London Assay Office.* The allowed variation at the Dublin Office had
up to this time been 2^ dwts. per lb.
On December 5th, 1825, it was resolved that the change of marks Dec, 5th, 1825 ;
resolved to
should be made annually on May 28th, when all old punches should be ^nS^on*"
defaced in the presence of the Master and Wardens. Accordingly, the "^ ' ' ¦
small Roman letter e continued in use for a period of eight months. It
was defaced in pursuance of the above resolution on May 28th, 1826,
when new date-letter punches composed of fhe Roman capital F were
put into commission. The practice of changing the marks at about the
end of the month of May was continued until 1840, when the change was 1840, change of
marks made in
not made till September 23rd. In the following years of the cycle September.
illustrated by Table XL, the change was made in the months of August
and July respectively, and after 1845, in June.
From the year 1822 until the present time, every hall-mark used by From the year
1822, all marks
the Dublin Incorporation has been struck on copper plates preserved at '^^'"=,^^™ "™=''
the Assay Office, and the dates recorded. The remaining tables numbered °ndTate''of
change recorded.
XL, XII. and XIII. have each been compared with those records and
their accuracy verified. Down to 1824, every date-letter represented in
the foUowing tables — the proper date of which has been ascertained
'¦¦" It will be observed that the change of letter from E to e was in reality the exact reverse ot
that which is stated in " Old English Plate,"

without a date-
letter

552 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
to be as shown — has an asterisk placed against the date in the table to
which it pertains ; but as the proper date of every letter subsequently
employed has been recorded, there is no necessity to continue those
marks further.
Many of the marks here represented, differ materially from all
representations of the like marks which have hitherto been published.
In particular, the twentyfive letters of the cycle extending from 1871 to
1896, which have been represented in edition after edition of several
well-known books on this subject, as Roman capitals, are nothing of the
kind. They are plain block letters as illustrated in Table XII. hereafter.
How such a mistake could have been perpetuated when the means of
correcting it was at hand, is incomprehensible.
The date-mark requires no further comment than is necessary to
explain its absence from much Dublin plate of the eighteenth century.
Much plate ¦f'or ^ number of years during the reign of George III. the marking
refgn of Geo. ra. of plate at Dublin appears to have been carried on with considerable laxity,
the date-letter having been omitted to be stamped in numerous instances.
The only marks which appear on many examples of this period are the
crowned harp, the figure of Hibernia, and the maker's mark. In such
cases it is impossible to determine the exact year in which an article so
marked was made. The various forms of the harp and Hibernia marks
illustrated in the following tables, will afford the means of fixing the date
approximately, and the hsts of goldsmiths' names which follow the
tables will, (except where there are two or more with the same initials at
about the same dme), enable anyone to identify the maker. This neglect
to impress the date-letter on plate appears to have been contemporaneous
with the forgery of marks, which was perpetrated by Michael Keating
and others for the purpose of avoiding payment of the duty.* It is
astonishing that this omission of the date-letter should have been
allowed in view of the fact that its adoption was for the very object of
prevendng and detecting fraud. The only alternative, however, to the
conclusion that this neglect was suffered by the authorides, is the
highly improbable one, that on all the plate (and that is a large quandty)
which is found without a date-letter, the harp-crowned and Hibernia
stamps have been forged.
¦¦¦¦¦ See the paragraph with reference to the prosecution of Michael Keating (infra).

The Duty Marks on Gold and Silver Assayed at Dublin. 553
THE DUTY MARKS:— (i) Hibernia.
"An Act for the encouragement of tillage" appears to be a strangely Duty imposed on
incongruous statute to cite in connection with goldsmiths' marks, yet 3'Geo'^n. c. 3
such is the title of the Act 3 Geo. II. c. 3 (1729), an enactment of the
Irish Parliament which imposed a duty upon a number of things, amongst
others manufactured gold and silver, the proceeds of which were to
be applied to the purpose indicated by the title of the Act.
Section 30 of the Act provided " that from and after the 25th day of March
1730 for a term of twentyone years a duty at the rate of sixpence per ounce Troy
should be charged on all gold and silver plate wrought in Ireland at any time or
times after the 25th day of March 1730."
Section 32 provided " that no wrought gold or silver plate should be sold
before being assayed touched and marked," and
Section 33 provided " that the assay master should stamp without fee or
reward all gold and silver wares with such stamp as the commissioners of His
Majesty's Revenue or any three or more of them should from time to time
appoint." With reference to this Act it is stated, in "Old English Plate" that
to the marks previously used at the Dublin Assay Office, " another was
added in the year 1730, by order of the Commissioners of Excise, who
introduced the figure of Hibernia to denote the payment of the duty first
charged upon plate in that year." This statement, however, appears to
be somewhat inaccurate, there being no evidence that the mark was
added by order of the Commissioners of Excise in 1730, as will presently
be demonstrated. The stamp of the figure of Hibernia was adopted by
the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company (probably of their own initiative) to
indicate the payment of duty, for the collection of which they were held
responsible, but it was not until August 1776, (after the mark had been
in use .for more than fortyfive years,) that it was appointed by the
Revenue Commissioners in pursuance of the statute.
It will be noticed that the duty was chargeable only on gold and silver
plate wrought in Ireland after 2^th March, 1730. The Dublin goldsmiths
appear to have known before-hand that the duty would be imposed. In
the first three months, January ist to March 31st, of the year 1730, the
"touch money" received by the assay master in respect of assays
amounted to no less than ^121 iis. id., whilst in the remaining nine
months of the year it amounted to no more than ^106 15s. 8d. It is
not stated how much of the plate assayed after March 1730 had been
wrought before the duty was imposed, nor is it now known on what
date the first duty was actually paid, nor is there any record of the date

554 T^^''^ Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
The figure of whcn the duty mark — the figure of Hibernia — was first stamped on plate.
Hibernia adopted
^730 1"'^?"^'' " It was at some time after the 25th March, 1730, and probably not later
than 1st Jan., 1731. There is an entry in the goldsmiths' books : —
"21 April, 1730, Duty came on this day." That may mean that the
first duty was paid on that day, and the Hibernia stamp may have
been then struck to mark its payment. There is as much (or more)
plate marked with the date-letter 1£ without the Hibernia mark, as with
it, and as the letter 1£ appears to have been used for two years, the new
mark may not have been adopted until ist Jan., 1731.
The figure of Hibernia was in an oval stamp from the time of its
adoption until 1794 (with one exception in 1767-8, when it also appears
Its shape varied, in 3 Stamp outllncd to the figure). In 1794 the shape of the stamp was
changed to an upright parallelogram with clipped or slightly rounded
corners, and' it so continued until 18 10, when it is found in a shield with
engrailed top, in which it was continued undl 182 1. In that and the
following years, until 1827, it is again found in an oval stamp. Thence
forward it appeared in stamps of various shapes until 1846, when the
stamp was made with paraUel sides, invected top, and straight base, with
the lower corners hollowed. This form of stamp was continued until
1864 when the octagonal shape was resumed, and has been continued
to the present day.
Attempts to evade The Imposltlon of the tax on wrought gold and plate was followed
by a new form of offence, perpetrated with the object of avoiding its
payment. In earlier times, the frauds which called for the attendon of
the Wardens of the craft were the adulteration of gold and silver with
an undue quandty of alloy. In the reigns of Geo. II. and Geo. III. their
attendon was directed to the forgery of marks. In the year 1739,
" Baldwin Potter, of Mullingar, was indicted for counterfeiting Hall-marks
on spoons." In May, 1750, " Kirk Reeves was fined for counterfeiting
marks by casting buckles with marks from Dies." The offence of counter
feiting marks was not however stopped by those measures. It appears
to have been pracdsed with great persistency, and the omission of the
date-letter in numerous instances tended to make detection more, difficult.
In view of this persistent forgery of marks in the eighteenth century,
it may possibly be the case that some plate of that period now exists
which is fully up to the legal standard, but which may have been made
by dishonest goldsmiths, who, by counterfeit marks, defrauded their
country of the duty which they ought to have paid.

the duty.

standard mark.

The Duty Marks on Gold and Silver Assayed at Dublin. 555
In August, 1776, Michael Keating, a Dubhn goldsmith, was tried for
counterfeiting the duty mark. In the course of the trial it was found
that the Commissioners of Revenue had not appointed a mark to be used by Michaei Keating
escapes
the assay master of the Corporation of Goldsmiths to denote the payment of \lf^°''^^ '°'
duty as required by the Act, and in the result Keating was acquitted. It technkarit7-°^n'' 1776.
was not until after the failure of this prosecution that the omission of the
Commissioners to appoint a duty-mark was made good as recorded in
the goldsmiths' books as follows: — "Having received a full certificate that
Mr. Thomas Nuttall had been appointed assay master of the Dublin
Goldsmiths' Corporation, the commissioners made the proper order and
appointed a particular mark (the figure of Hibernia) to be used by him
in the future and to be struck on all sterhng plate pursuant to the said
Act of Parliament."
Keating did not escape punishment altogether, for in the following
year — 1777 — he was tried for counterfeiting the harp crowned (the
standard mark), found guilty, sentenced to six months' imprisonment But was
, „ , afterwards
and fined / 50. punished for
'^ ^ forging the
The conviction of Michael Keating however did not stop the counter
feiting of marks, for we find in the goldsmiths' books the following
entries : —
In 1794 " William Gethin, Back Lane, Dublin, Goldsmith, reported for
counterfeit marks."
" John Daly, Hoey's Court, Dublin, Goldsmith, for ditto."
What (if any) steps were taken with reference to these two cases
does not appear, but it does appear that at this date the shape of the
Hibernia and crowned harp stamps was altered as already described —
possibly with the object of more effectually preventing or more readily
detecting further forgeries.
Efforts had been made by the Dublin goldsmiths to get the duty
repealed. In a petition dated Nov. 13th, 1773, addressed "to the Right
Honorable and Honorable the Knights Citizens and Burgesses in Par
liament assembled," by "the Master, Wardens, Brethren and Common
alty of the Corporation of Goldsmiths, Dublin," and signed by their clerk
(J. Robinson), it was alleged that the trade of the city was impeded by it,
and in proof, it was stated that whilst for three years before the duty was
imposed, plate to the amount of 187,637 oz. was manufactured, during
the following three years only 114,783 oz. were made and that a large
quantity of plated ware was imported. The duty was, however, not then

556 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
repealed, and the re-imposidon ofthe duty on plate in England in 1784
probably was the obstacle which prevented its repeal in Ireland until
1890, when it was abolished throughout the United Kingdom.
DUTY MARKS:— (2) The Sovereign's Head.
In pursuance of the statute 47 Geo. III. c. 15 (1807) — an Act of
Parliament subsequent to the union — it was provided that thenceforward
Sovereign's head thc mark of the Sovereign's head should be stamped on all gold and silver
duty-mark r 1 * '1 * U
prescribed 1807. plate wrought in Ireland to denote the payment 01 duty, assimilating the
practice to that of every other assay office then open in the United
Kingdom.* The fact that the "Hibernia" stamp had been duly appointed
as a duty mark in 1776 was ignored, and as by the appointment ofthe
King's-head mark (pursuant to the Act of 1807) it was superseded, it can
be regarded now only as a mark pertaining solely to the Dublin Gold
smiths' Company, and ofthe nature of a "town-mark" for Dublin.
The new duty-mark having been appointed to be used on and after
the IOth August, 1807, the date-letter L of that year is consequently
Foimoftheiiead. found both wlthout and with the head of George III. On the death of
the Sovereign, the form of the head was not immediately changed, but
after a year or two the head of the succeeding monarch appeared in the
duty-stamp, facing in the opposite direction to that which preceded it.
The shape of the stamp containing the head varied considerably from
time to time. For ascertaining the different forms it will be better to
consult the following tables, where all are represented, from that of
1807, when the mark was first appointed, down to 1890, when the duty
was repealed and the mark denoting its payment disappeared.
THE BRITANNIA STANDARD.

standard never in
force in Ireland.

Britannm Thc Britannia standard was never in force in Ireland, and no marks
peculiar to such standard were ever used there.
Two makers' marks have been found — (Sa, of 1717-8 in Table V.,
and Su, of about 1740, represented in the table of supplementary marks on
•» The precise provisions of the Act so far as they affected the marks, were that " gold and silver
wrought in Ireland should be touched and marked with the marks as by law required, as (then) in
use, or with such stamp or mark as the Commissioners of Inland Excise should from time to time
devise and appoint," and the Commissioners forthwith appointed the Sovereign's head mark to be
used to denote the payment of duty.
By the same statute a penalty of ,f loo was imposed for selling goods not assaved, and it was
provided that any person buying plate not marked should forfeit its value, and for forging or trans
posing marks a penalty of ^200 was imposed.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks. 557
page 571) which appear as if they were composed of the first two
letters ofthe goldsmiths' surnames, as prescribed in England in 1696-7,
rather than initials of the Christian and surnames as usual.
THE MARKS ON WROUGHT GOLD.
The marks for wrought gold and silver assayed at Dublin were alike warks on gold
wares assayed in
until 1784, when by the Statute 23 and 24 Geo. III. c. 23 (Ireland), two °"''""-
new standards of 20 and 18 carats respectively were added to the old
standard for gold, namely, 22 carats. From that date the marks for gold
22 carats fine have been continued as before, the figures 22, however,
were added as from ist June, 1784, to denote its fineness. The marks
for gold 20 carats fine are, in addition to the marks which are struck on
plate, a plume of feathers (as represented in the last line of Table X.)
and the figures 20. Gold 20 carats fine is peculiar to Ireland, and not
often manufactured there. The marks for gold 18 carats fine are, in
addition to the marks which are struck on plate, a unicorn's head "erased"
(as represented in Table XI. at 1867-8) and the figures 18. The harp-
crowned is omitted in the case of jewelry. In the case of gold-work of
the lower standards of 15, 12 and 9 carats fine, allowed since 1854, the
harp-crowned is always omitted, and the several qualities of the gold are
distinguished by the figures '^¦62<^, ^ -5 and on -375 respectively,*
stamped by the assay master. The figures on wrought gold of 22, 20
and 18 carats fine were, by the above Statute, required to be in one
stamp with the maker's initials, and to be struck by the makers so that
the image should be indented -below the surface of the work. As a rule
the duty-mark was not stamped on articles exempt from dutyf", but it
appears on a watch-case of 18 carat gold (belonging to Mr. Dudley
Westropp), in company with three incuse marks (Hibernia, the unicorn's
head, and date-letter S for 18 19), the crowned-harp being absent. J

The marks used on Dublin plate from 1638 to 1903 will be found rabies of marks.
illustrated in the tables on pages 559-71. With reference to the marks
¦•¦¦¦ The figures set on their sides represent the number of carats of fine gold in every 24 carats of
the alloyed gold in the article marked. The figures set upright represent the proportion (in decimal
fractions) of fine gold contained in the amalgam of gold and copper or other alloy of which the
several qualities of " gold " are composed. These figures are usually raised in a depressed stamp as
illustrated on page 75 ante.
f See List of Exemptions on page 70. They are the same in Ireland as in England.
X The duty-mark also occurs on a silver watch-case of about the same date belonging to
Mr. Westropp, from which it seems probable that at that period the duty on such articles was
remitted after they had been assayed and stamped.

558

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Collocation of
marks.

generally, it may be mentioned that the relative position of each varied
considerably at different times and on different articles. Though the
words of the Charter may appear to indicate the use of two marks in
one stamp, plus the maker's own mark, they are not so arranged on early
examples of plate, where the marks are found to have been struck by
separate punches, quite irregularly, and it must not be supposed that the
marks occur in a straight row as in the following tables. Not only were
the marks scattered, but there was no apparent rule as to their order,
and some of them frequently pointed in different directions. In more
recent examples, however, the tendency was to bring all the marks into
line, except perhaps that of the maker, which was struck separately ;
they often appear as neatly arranged as if they had all been struck by
Present practice, onc blow OU & slngle punch. The present practice is to impress the
marks on large articles with separate punches; but for small objects
one punch containing all the marks, except the maker's, is used.
The marks on a very large number of articles, in addition to those
mentioned in the tables, have been examined and impressions taken
for the purpose of comparison with the marks illustrated, but the tables
being limited in size, repetitions have been largely excluded. Where
repetitions appear, they have been included mainly for the purpose of
illustrating different examples of maker's marks.
The tables of marks are followed by names of goldsmiths, transcribed
from Dublin records dating from about 1200 to 1630. These are
followed by lists of the Masters, Wardens, and Freemen of the Dublin
Goldsmiths' Company ; lists of apprentices with the names ofthe masters
to whom they were bound ; lists of Quarter-brothers and journeymen
(who were admitted to some of the privileges of the Company without
being free brothers) ; and hsts of names of other Irish goldsmiths
registered in the books of the Company, with some account of the
articles of plate assayed for them — all transcribed from the records of
the Goldsmiths' Company. These are supplemented by names of gold
smiths found in other records pertaining to the city of Dubhn, and in old
directories. There is not a book or document in the possession of the Dublin
Goldsmiths' Company which has not been thoroughly examined.
Everything of importance in the elucidation of this subject, has been
extracted and is set forth either in full or in a tabulated or condensed
form, in this and the following chapters.

Lists of
goldsmiths'names, &c.

Documents
examined.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.

559

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.

The dates to which asterisks are affixed, have been ascertained to be those oE the marks in
line with them (see pages 541-3). The date-marks of intervening years cannot be fixed with absolute
certainty, but the arrangement set forth in these tables is consistent with ascertained facts.
The names which appear in the maker's-name columns are such as appear to pertain to the
marks, but as the earliest existing register of Dublin goldsmiths' marks commences in the year
1784, the evidence connecting the marks with the names is, for the most part, merely circumstantial.
TABLE I.
FROM 1638 TO 1658 — TWENTY YEARS.
Three Stamp,s as below : The date-marks being twenty Roman capital letters — K to U.

HARP DATE
CROWNED. LETTER.

CHAS. I.
* 1638-91639-40 1640-i
1641-2 1642-3
1643-4
* 1644-5
* 1645-6
* 1646-7
* 1647-8
* 1648-9
COMWTH. 1649-50 1650-1 1661-2
1652-31653-4 1654-5
1655-6
* 1656-71667-8

E F c
H
Q K L
M NO P
Q R
@ U

MAKER'S MARK.

^
^

©

^

MAKER S NAME.

Peter Vaneindhoven
John Thornton.
Edwd. Chadsey.
John Thornton.
Wm. Cooke.

John Burke. t

Daniel Bellingham
Joseph Stoaker. J

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Com. flagon, dated 1638 : Trinity
College, Dublin.
Com. cup, dated 1639 ; Fethard,
CO. Wexford.
Com. cup, "ex dono T.B. 1638": St.
Finn Barre, Cork.
Com. paten : Fethard, co. Wexford.
Com. cup : Derry Cathedral.
(Date-letter conjectured).
Do. do.
(Records of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Co.)
Do. do. do.
Com. paten : Sutton Mandeville, Wilts.
(Records of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Co)

Do.

do.

do.

(Date-letter conjectured).
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Spoon, slipped in the stalk : Dublin
Museum.
Mace, from Carlow : Dublin Museum.
See page 542.

I Or John Banister.
X Or John Slicer.

56o

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.

TABLE II.
FROM 1658 TO 1678— TWENTY YEARS.
Three Stamps as below : The date-marks being twenty small Italic (or Roman) letters— fl. to U.
(See also pages 542-3. and notes at head of Table I).

HARP DATE MAKER'S
CROWNED. LETTER. MARK.

1658-9
* 1659-60 \
GHAS.il. 1660-1 1661-2 1662-31663-4

1665-6 1666-71667-8 1668-9
1669-70 1670-11671-2
1672-3 1673-4 1674-5 1675-6
1676-7
1677-a

a c
d e
ll 1
Jc f
m Tl
(2) q r 5
t
u

maker s name.

Joseph Stoaker. f
Do. do.

Joseph Stoaker. t
.A.bel Ram.:]:

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

(Date-letter conjectured).
Com. cup and paten : Dromore Cathedral.

Do. do. (dated 1659) : St.
John's-in-the-Vale, Crosthwaite, Cumb.

(Date-letter conjectured).
Do. do.

Do.

do.

C Alms dish : Kilkenny Cathedral.
I Double set of communion plate : St.
'^ Peter's, Drogheda.
Alms plate : St. Columb's, Kells, co. Meath.
(Date-letter conjectured).

Joseph Stoaker. ¦]¦

Do. Do.Do. Do. Do.

do.do. do. do. do.

JShallow bowl : Messrs. G.
I Plain tankard, flat top : Messrs. Christie.
(Date-letter conjectured).
Do. do.

Do.

do.

Do.

do.

Do.

do.

Do.

do.

'••¦¦ Date-letter recorded.
t Or John Slicer.
X Another mark of Abel Ram (of 1663-4) with a ram's head below his monogram, is illustrated
in the supplementary table on page 571, infra.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.

561

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.
TABLE III.
THREE STAMPS AS BELOW : The date-marks being old Enghsh capital letters.
(This and Table IV. comprise one cycle, covering a period of thirtynine years— 1678 to 17 17).

* 1680-1

JAS. II.
I68S-6-7

t

TO

vl6

WM. III.
* 1693-4-5

1696-7-8

%

r

^

OS

P

(© ^ ^

MAKER S NAME.

Timothy Blackwood. f
Samuel Marsden.
James Kelly.
Andrew Gregory.
Do. do.
John Phillips.
Wm. Lucas or
Walter I^ewis.
Edwd. Swan.
James Kelly.
John Farmer.
John Cuthbert.
Robert Nevill.
John Humphrys.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

(Date-letter conjectured)
Large com. flagon : Christ Church Cath'l.,
Dublin.
Com. cup and cover ; St. Michan's, Dublin.
Com. cup : St. Audoen's, Dublin.
Pair of com. cups and a flagon : St. Werburgh's, Dublin.
Pair of tankards, "made 1680": Merchant Taylors'
Company, London. (See page 543).
Com. flagon : St. John's, Limerick.
Alms-dish : St. Werburgh's ; and mace :
Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.
Two-handled cup : Messrs. G.
Tankard : Messrs. Christie.

Joseph Walker.
Wm. Drayton.
Wm. Myers.
Ant'ny Stanley.
Thos. Bolton.
John Phillips.
David King.
Joseph Walker.
John Humphrys.

(Date-letter conjectured)
Com. cup, dated 1685 : St. Werburgh's,
Dublin.
Com. paten, inscribed " Deo in usum 1693 " : St. Wer
burgh's, Dublin.
Plain tankard, flat top : Messrs. Christie.
Com. cup and paten cover : St. Werburgh's, Dublin.
{Date-letter conjectured)
Do. do.
/Com. cup, dated 1693 : St. Michael's, Dublin.
I Altar candlesticks : Trin. Coll., Dublin.
Two com. patens, dated r693 : St. Michan's Dublin.
Com. cup : St. Michael's (now at Christ
Church Cathedral), Dublin.
Com. cup, dated Jan., 1694-5 ¦ Abbeyleix.
/Two-handled cup : Lord Carbery.
(Com. cup : Trinity College, Dublin.
Two com. flagons, inscribed: "Belongs to New St. Michan's,
Dublin, 1698."
Lemon strainer : Messrs. G.
Salver, on foot, gadrooned edge : Mr. Dudley
Westropp.
Toilet set : Sir Samuel Montagu, Bart

J

¦•¦¦¦ Date-letter ascertained. (See pages 543-4, and note at head of Table I.)
t 1688 to 1692 — period of the war troubles. See pages 532-3 and 544.
X Timothy Blackwood died 1675, but the W (over the initials) probably indicates "widow," and
that the flagon was made while the business was carried on, in Blackwood's name, by his widow. 35

^62

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,

.MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.

TABLE IV.
THREE STAMPS AS BELOW t The date-marks being old English capital letters.
(This and Table III. comprise one cycle covering a period of thirtynine years, 1678 to 1717.)
In the letterpress of pages 535 to 558 the data will be found on which the arrangement of the
marks of this as well as the preceding and succeeding cycles is based.

HARP DATE MAKER'S
CROWNED. LETTER. MARK.

ANNE.
* 1702-3
1703-4
1704-5-61706-7-8 1708-9-0

1712-3-4

GEO. I.
1714-S

1715-1

1716-7

^

MAKER S NAME.

Ant'ny Stanley.|
Edward Workman.
Alexr. Sinclair.
Joseph Walker.
Thomas Bolton.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Henry Matthews.
Joseph Walker.
David King.
Edward Barrett.
Thomas Bolton.
Do. do.
(Makcr't mark indistinct.)
David King.
(Maker s mark indistinct.)
Edward Workman.
Walter Bingham.
John Clifton.
Wm. Archdall.
John Tuite.J
John Cuthbert, jun.
Joseph Walker.
David King.§

ARTICLES .\ND OWNERS.

Com. cup, dated 1700 : Abbeyleix.
Rat-tail spoon, flat stem : Holburne Museum, Bath.
Cylindrical tankard, flat top : Messrs. G.
Com. cup, paten and flagon : Clirist Ch. Cath'l., Dublin.
(D K as 1696-7-8), The Lifford mace, dated 1701 : Lord
Erne.
Com. paten, dated 1703 : St. Mary's,
Dublin.
( Com. plate dated 1703 ; Dromore Cathedral.
'i Com. cup : Trinity College, Dublin.
I Two-handled cup : Messrs. G.
ISmall bowl : Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A.
Com. paten, inscribed " New St. Mary's Ch.,
Dublin 1705 " : St. Mary's, Dublin.
^ Alms dish, dated 1705 : Finglas, co, Dublin.
1 Com. cup, dated 1706 : St. Nicholas (without) Dublin.
Communion flagon : Killeshandra.
Plain two-handled cup : Mr. Arthur Irwin
Dasent.
Com. cup and paten, dated 1707: Staplestown, co.
Carlow.
University mace : Trinity Coll., Dublin.
Com. plate, dated 1709: Dromiskin.
Com. cup, "given 1713": Killeshandra.
Com. patens, "given by Dr. Pooley, Bishop of Raphoe,
1712 " : St. Mary's, Dublin,
Two com. flagons and a paten, dated "Dec. 1713":
St. Mary's, Shandon, Cork.
Communion cup, dated 1714: Rathclaren,
CO. Cork.
Two-hnndled cup : Mr. John R. Lloyd, Dublin.
Com. cup and paten, two flagons and two
alms dishes, dated 17 14, from St.
Bride's : Irish Church Rep. Body.
Small tray: Dublin Museum.
Com. cup, dated 1718 : Clonmeen, Castle-
magner, co. Cork.
Circular dish, fluted sides : Dublin Museum.
Com. flagon, dated 1716 : Killeshandra.

(Date-letter conjectured)

¦•¦¦ Date-letter ascertained, see pages 544-5.
t Maker's mark A.S. as 1693-4-5 on preceding page.
X John Tuite removed to London in 1723, where he afterwards used the same mark ;
(see page 173 ante and foot note on same page). A similar mark is illustrated on page 179. Tuite
, '"J740.and the business was continued in London by his widow who also used a similar
mark, the initial I merely being altered to E (for Eliz.). Her mark is illustrated on the bottom
or page 182 ante.
§ Maker's mark D.K. as 1706-7-8 above.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.

56-

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.— TABLE V.
THREE STAMPS AS BELOW I The date-marks 1717-20 being Court-hand letters, and from 1720, old
English capitals in shields with engrailed tops, the completion of this cycle being illustrated in Table VI.

1717-f

1718-i
1719-21

MAKER S NAME.

Joseph Walker.
Christr. Thompson.
Wm. Clarke (of Cork),
John Hamilton.
(Not identified. Sic p. 539.)
Thos. Parker.
Erasm's Cope.
Henry DanieU.
John Clifton, jr.
John Clifton, sr.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Salver, on foot : Messrs. Christie.
Soup ladle : Mr. J. R. Garstin, F.S.A.
Pair of salvers : Messrs. West & Son.
Three-pronged fork : Dublin Museum.
Marrow scoop : Messrs. G.
Two-handled cup : Sir J. T. Firbank.
Paten cover of small communion cup : St.
Werburgh's, Dublin.
r Small two-handled cup : Colonel Longfield.
¦j Salver : Messrs. West & Son.
(.Small salver, on foot : Messrs. G.
Two-handled cup : Mr. Arthur Irwin Dasent.

172M

1723-4

1724-6

1725-6

GEO. II.
• 1727-8
1728-9
1729-30 1730-1

P SIS

John Hamilton.
Do. do.
Thos. Sutton.
John Clifton, sr.
Edwd. Barrett.
Robert Harrison.
Thos. Walker.
Wm. Duggan.
Thos. Slade.
John Taylor.
Thos. Bolton.
Mathw. Walker.
Michl. Hewitson.
Mathw. Walker.
Noah Vialas.
Philip Kinnersley.
Robert Calderwood,
John King.
Wm.
John
Bolton Cormick.
Robert Calderwood,
John Moore.
Wm. Archdall.
David King.
Anth'y Stanley.

Clarke (of Cork),
Robinson.

Sauce boat : Messrs. G.
Bishop Crowe's plate : Donoughmore, Cork.
Lemon strainer : Mr. John R. Lloyd.
Two-handled cup : Messrs. Sotheby.
Table spoon : Messrs. G.
Gravy spoon : Mr. H. Davison.
Two-handled cup : Messrs. West & Son.
Paten, at Belfast, noted by Mr. D. Westropp.
Small circular tray, scolloped edge ; Dublin Museum.
Candlesticks : Mr. Frayne and Mr. Ellis.
Circular salver ; Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Two com, cups: St. Nicholas (now at St. Audoen's), Dublin.
Soup ladle, noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Cup, with two harp-shaped handles : Messrs. G,
Lemon strainer : Messrs. G.
Two-handled cup : Messrs. Christie.
Com. paten, dated 1727 : St. Werburgh's, Dublin.
Dessert spoon : The Author's Collection."-'
Small tray : Do. do.
Small two-handled cup: Messrs. G.
Small freedom box : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Small bowl : The Author's Collection.
Pair of cups : Mr. P. M. Lindsay, Cork.
Coffee pot : Mr. Ball.
Communion paten : St. Ann's, Belfast.
Plain cylindrical tankard ; Mr. D. Westropp.

•''¦- Also (but with maker's mark T.W., as 1723-4,) the Portarlington mace, dated 1728:
Goldsmiths' Company, London. See the observations concerning date-letters on pages 546-7.

564

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.

T.4BLE VI.

FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW : the datc-marks being old English capital le ters m shields with engrailed
tops (except one m with straight top) in continuation of the cycle commenced 1720 Ihe
letter S of Table V. being repeated and a new mark (Hibernia) added. See pages 547-5»-

HARP DATE HIBER- MAKER'S
CROWNED. LETTER NIA. MARK.

MAKER S NAME.

1734-5

1739-40

1743-4

m

0

@

® i

Esther

Forbes.

@@

Erasmus

Cope?

@

Anthony

Lefebure.

®

James

Douglas.

^

Wm.

Williamson.

S3

Charles

Lemaitre.

®

John

Taylor.

GO

Wm.

Townsend.

^

Chas.

Leslie-t

F@

Thos.

Williamson.

LUi

Barth.

Mosse.

1^

Alexr.

Brown.

&

John

Williamson.

ES3

John

Wilme.

®

.Andrew

Goodwin.

1^

James

Taylor.

ij1?i

(Not

identified)

SS

Samuel

Walker.

ra

Matthew

Walker.

\^

Andrew

Goodwin.

\^

Francis

Williamson.

M

John

Walker.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

John Alexr. IsaacJohn Christr.Robt.
John James John Jas.

Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Geo. Lambert.
Do. do. . Do. do.
Pair of sauce boats : Messrs. Christie.
Waiter on three feet : .Mr. J. Dixon.
Plain two-handled cup : Colonel Longfield.
Two-handled cup : Mr. Dudley V\^estropp.
Gravy spoon : Mr. H. Davison.
Salver : Messrs. Christie.
Cake basket : Messrs. G.
Plain cup, harp handles : Do.
Table spoon : Mr. R. Day, F.S..\., Cork.
Do. Do. do. do.
Large salver and bread basket : Mr. Frederick L.
Fitzgerald.
Oval hot water jug : Sir S. Montagu, Bart.
Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Perforated spoon : St. Werburgh's, Dublin.
Two-handled cup : Messrs. G. ; com. paten :
Canierton, Cumb.
Sauce boat : Dublin Museum.
Table spoon : Mr. S. Phillips.
Two-handled cup : Messrs. Hancock.
Com. cup dated 1741 : Kildare Cathl.
Two com. flagons : St. Mary's, Dublin.
Moore. Waiter on three feet : Messrs. G.
Richards. Table spoon : Mr. H. Davison.
D'Olier. Table spoon : Mr. E. W. Colt.
Laughlin. Perforated cover of potato bowl :
Holburne Museum, Bath.
Locker. Two com. flagons dated 1743 : St. Anne's, Belfast.
Holmes. Gravy spoon : Dublin Museum.
Letablere. Large alms dish : Trin. Coll., Dublin.
Whitthorne.:}; Sauce boat : Messrs. G. ; salt on three
legs : Mr. D. Westropp.
Moore. Table spoon : Messrs. Crichton.

Whitthorne}: (see 1745).

fMace inscribed "The Gift ot the Rt. Honble.James
.; Karl of Kildare to the Borough of Athy
( Sept. 26th, 1746 " : The Duke of Leinster.

¦¦'¦¦ See the observations concerning date-letters on pages 547-8.
t Leslie was of Scotch origin. His work was not inferior to that of Paul Lamerie.
X Probably Jas. Whitthorne (master 1744-5), but possibly John Williamson or John Wilme.

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.

565

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.
TABLE VII.
FROM 1747 TO 1772 (inclusive) — TWENTYSIX YEARS.
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW : The date-marks being Roman capital letters. See pages 547-

tl767

HIBER DATE HARP MAKER'S
HIA. LETTER CROWNED. MARK.

MAKER S NAME.

Wm. C.
Will.
Will.
John John Mathia
Isaac
John (Not I
Mich'el

Williamson.Fox. Walsh.
Beates. Christie. Laughlin
Brown.
D'Olier. Pittar.
dentified) Homer.

Wm. Townsend.
Alexr. Richards.
Christr. Skinner.
Matt'w Alanson.
Daniel Popkins.
(Not identified)
Saml. Walker.
J'nth'n. Pasley.
Robt. Calderwood.
Geo. Hill.
Thos. Johnston.
Do. do.
Matt'w Alanson.
(Not identified)
David Peter.
Wm. Currie.
Wm. Homer.
Francis Jones.
Joseph Cullen.
1 M. Cormick & 1
1 J. Locker. )
French & Keating.
John West.
Richd. Williams.
Richd. Tudor.
Jer'm'h D'Olier.
John Shields.
James Graham.
John Locker.
Christr.Haines.
Thos. Kinsela.
John Lloyd.
Chas. Townsend.
Chas. MuUin.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Fine com flagon : St. Nicholas (without) Dublin. :]:
Soup ladle noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Table spoon : Dublin Museum.
Plain table spoon : Mr. G. Lambert.
Small bowl : Messrs. West & Son.
Table spoon : Mr. C. D. Oliver (Cork Exhibition).
Table spoon : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A., Cork.
Table spoons : Messrs. West & Son.
Soup ladle: Dublin Museum.
Com. cup : Christ Ch. Cathl., Dublin.
Table spoons : Messrs. Debenham & Storr
Small bowl on three feet : Messrs. Christie,
Gravy spoon : Messrs. G.
Table spoon : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
J Sauce boat : Messrs. G.
[Also (1733-4) salver: Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Table spoons : Mr. R. H. Woods, Dublin.
Table spoon : Cork Exhibition.
Table spoon : Col. Longfield.
Pair of Corinthian candlesticks : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
Cup : Messrs. West & Son ; dish ring ; Messrs.
Christie.
Small tray : Messrs. Vander & Hedges.
Pierced cake basket : Mr. J. R. Garstin, F.S..^.
Small mace : Dublin Corj)oration.
Table spoon : Mr. G. Lambert.
Tablespoon: Dublin Museum.
Plain table spoon : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Dish ring : Cork Exhibition.
Salver on three feet : Mr. W. Boore.
Pierced ladle, dated 1765; St. Werburgh's, Dublin.
Table spoons : Messrs. West & Son.
Gravy spoon : Mr. J. Talbot Power, Dublin.
Table spoon : Col. Longfield.
Goblet : Cork Exhibition.
Fish server : Mr. Michael Frayne.
Hot water jug : Messrs. G.
Sauce boat ¦ Do.
Table spoon : Cork Club.
Dish ring : Holburne Museum, Bath.
Small waiter : Barber Surgeon's Coy.
Sauce boat : Mr. Webster.
Dish ring : Col. Claude Kane.
Coffee pot : Mr. Jas. F. Darcy.
Two-handled cups : Messrs. West & Son.
Teapot : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.

¦•¦¦' Date-letter A for 1747 recorded in goldsmith's books. See page 54S.
X The letter U of this cycle is found with the Hibernia stamp in an oval and also in a stamp the
outline of vi'hich follows the figure, as represented above. (See explanation on page 548.)
X Inscribed " St. Nicholas (without) .¦\nno Dom. 1747-8."

566

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.
TABLE VIII.
FROM 1773 TO 1796 (inclusive) — TWENTYFOUR YEARS.
FOUR STAMPS AS BELOW : The date-marks being Roman capital letters. See pages 548-9.

MAKER S NAME.

Walker.
Wm. Hughes.
John Craig.
Ambrose Roxwell.
Richd. Williams.

Chas.
Matthew West
Hay
Darby
Stephen Michael
John

Townsend.

Andrews. Kehoe.
Walsh. Homer.
Pittar.
Jackson. Keating.
Walsh. Bolland. Kelly.
Jackson.

Laughlin, jr.
Wyke. Thompson.

Hames.
Supple.Johnson.

Pittar.ll:

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Sauce boat : Messrs. G.
IL as 1771, butter dish: Mr. J. H. Fitzhenry.
Dish ring : Colonel Claude Kane.
Table spoon ; Mr. E. Heron-Allen.
Two-handled cup : Mr. T. W. Rolleston.
Two-handled cup : Dublin Museum.
Um-shaped communion cup ; Donoughmore, co. Cork.
Salver on three feet : Dublin Museum.
Candlestick : Mr. Arthur.
Table spoons : Mr. W. Boore.
Bulb-shaped tankard : Messrs. Christie.
Marrow spoon : Mr. J. R. Garstin, F.S.A.
Table spoon : Mr. E. Heron-Allen.
Fine pierced dish ring : Mr. Jas. F. Darcy, Dublin.
Shell-pattern soup ladle : Lord Wm. Fitzgerald.
Pair of candlesticks : Messrs. G.
Salad servers : Colonel Longfield.|
Table spoons : Messrs. Crichton.
Dish ring ; Col. Claude Kane.
Plate presented 1781 : St. Mark's, Dublin.
Gravy and table spoons : Mr. E. Heron-Allen.
Dinner plates, gadrooned edges : Messrs. G-
Dish ring ; Dublin Museum.
Two-handled cup : Mr. Jas. F. Darcy.
Small bowl on three legs : Messrs. G.
Set of four coasters : Mr. J. R. Garstin, F.S.A.
Two-handled cup : Glasgow Exhibition.
Cream jug : Mr. T. L. O'Shaughnessy, K.C.
Shoe buckles : The Author's Collection.
Table spoon : Mr. J. R. Garstin, F.S.A.
Two-handled cup : Do. do.
Bright cut fork : Mr. Robt. H. Woods.
Wine labels; The Author's Collection.
' Bright cut spoons : Messrs. West & Son,
I Pierced fish slice : The Author's Collection.
Dish ring ; Messrs. West & Son.
Dessert spoon : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Gravy spoon : Mr. Nicholson.
I Wire cake basket : Mr. Jas. Talbot Power
Tablespoons: Messrs. Christie.
Salver on three feet : Messrs. Smith & Rait.
, Snuff box : Mr. T. L. O'Shaughnessy, K.C.
Sauce ladle : Colonel Longfield.
Table forks : Lord Carbery.
Helmet-shaped cream jug : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Large table spoon : Mr. E. Heron-.AUen.
Dish ring : Tlie Earl of Wilton.
Dish ring : The Author's Collection.
Small teapot : South Kensington Museum.
Milk jug : Dublin Museum.

¦¦¦ Date-letters recorded, see pages 548-9.
t The mark of John Bolland also occurs on spoons of
% The P of 1787 is also found with the harp crowned

1756: Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
as represented at 1776 (above).

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.

567

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.
T.4BLE IX.
FROM 1797 TO 1820 (inclusive) — TWENTYFOUR YEARS.
FOUR STAMPS UNTIL 1807, THENCEFORWARD FIVE, AS BELOW : The date-letters being Roman capitals.

HIBER NIA.

DATE
LETTER.

HARP
CROWNED

MAKER'S UARK.

maker's name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

fTl

@

r EED

John Rigby.

Salt spoon : Mr. Cecil C. Woods.

,. 1797

i

^

Do. do.
Engraved goblet : Mr. W. Boore.
" 1798
0)
f f7^
John Keene.
Dessert spoon : The Author's CoUection.
'*
I ®
John Daly.
Salad servers : Colonel Longfield.
' 1799
s
OacaM}
James Keating.f
Waiter, on three feet : Mr. Lowe, Chester.
tl
1 Ud
James Scott.
Snuffers' tray : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
* 1800
(3
WP
John Kearns.
Bright-cut tea spoons : Do.
M
»»
Walter Peter.
Gold watch-case : Mr. Reed.
@
€@
Jas. Connor.
Milk jug: Mr. Goldman.
« 1801
»?
m
John Power.
Plain table spoon : Mr. Cecil C. Woods.
' 1802
Q
MW
Richd. Sawyer.
Teapot : Messrs. R. & W. Sorley.
»»
i;^
Wm. Harney.
Sugar tongs : Messrs. Mackay & Chisholm.
'=¦ 1803
e
ft
\^
Arthur O'Neill.
Coffee pot, noted by Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
I OD
J. Brady.
Bright-cut spoons : Mr. D. Westropp.
" 1804
(E
rfn
Robt. Breading.
Teapot : West &Son ; sugar bowl : Dub. Mus.
"
t t
CSD
Danl. Egan.
Helmet-shaped sugar bowl : Cork Exhibition.
¦« 1805
0
c©
Wm. Doyle.
Snuffers' tray : Mr. M. Falk.
"
'*
^•M<
{Not identified).
Milk jug Do.
Q
f^ra
Samuel Neville.
Dessert spoon : Mr. J. R. Garstin, F.S.A.
* 1806
It
KING'S
ki^li
Tudor & Whitford.
Table spoon : Do. do.
HEAD.
. kVA';^
Wm. Ward.
Table forks : Colonel Longfield.
« 1807
Q
»*
0
^
Gust'v's Byrne.
Teapot stand : Mr. J. Talbot Power.
X 1808
ES
t»
Terry & WiUiams (of Cork).
Saml. Neville.
Snuffers' tray : Mrs. Annie Lindsay.
Soup ladle : Mr. Cecil C. Woods.
% 1809
TOW
1
w\
g£i
Joseph Johnson.
Cream ewer : Do. do.
" \SA%
1 "
ij
f?^
Robt. Breading.
Pierced fish slice : Dublin Museum.
1810
Mm.
lEi]
fESSD
Jas. Le Bass.
{Not identified).
Com. cups : St. Mark's, Dub. ; goblet : Mr. Boore.
Table spoons : Messrs. G.
(a
(•M
Chas. Stewart,
Watch-case : Mr. M. Halkett.
1811
M<
1 1
"
gga
W. Nowlan.
Snuff box Do.
1812
til
!T7^S©
fW. Hamy &
I R. Smith.
Table forks : Mr. Lowe, Chester.
lo
i»
{^
P. Morrin.
Mustard pot : Messrs. Crichton.
§ 1813
(0
k2id
Wm. Rose.
Teapot ; Lord Carbery.
' *
" 1623
John Pittar.
Table spoon : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
to*.^
f rail
Jas. Scott.
Set of skewers : Messrs. G.
¦' 1814
KI
,, J LAW
Wm. Law.
Butter cooler : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
It'
Q&a
John Nicklin.
Bread fork : Messrs. G.
1815
0
„ 1 rafj
Phineas Garde(Cork}.
Table spoon : Cork Club.
"
1 SD
S. Bergin.
Egg spoons : Mr. Cecil Woods.
1816
(9
"
1 (sD
Danl. Egan.
(Not ide II ti lied).
(Do. do. )
Three patens, on feet : St. Werburgh's, Dublin.
Two-handled cup : Messrs. R. & W. Sorley.
Snuffers' tray : Mr. Winstone.
1817
" \ CM
W. Cummins.
SirN.W.Brady.
T. Read.
Table spoons : Mr. Cecil Woods.
Candlesticks : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
Mustard spoon : Messrs. Crichton.
1818
^
tl
" t SD
J. Bridgman.
Snuff box : Mr. M. Falk.
0
Jas. Le Bass.
Tripod dish stand : Dublin Museum.
1819
•t
Josh. Franklin.f
Alms dish : Trinity College, Dublin.
GEO. IV.
RI
r SB
J. Salter (Cork).
Table spoon : Mr. Lannon.
1820
155
tt
" I £321
Edwd. Murray.
Milk jug : Mr. Bruford.
¦" Date-letters recorded, see pages 549-50.
t Made for Alderman West by J. Keating and J. Franklin respectively.
i All the marks for 1808 and 1809 are frequently found in square stamps with rounded corners.
§ The R is fixed as the date-letter for 1813 by the "Masonic Cup " at Limerick, which was
ordered in February, 1813, and made within the following three months.
568

77!^ Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.
TABLE X.
FROM JANUARY 182I, TO JUNE, 1846 — TWENTYFIVE AND A HALF YEARS.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW : The date-marks being Roman capital letters (with an additional letter e,
as to which see page 551) ; every mark and its date being recorded from 1821 onwards.

H825-6

1827-8

WM. IV.
1830-11831-21832-3
1833-41834-3
1836-6

VICT.

1842-3 1843-41844-51845-6

^ ^

i

0 @
®
®
00 13
8
SS
SSE{) ®@
®@ ©
(9

d

IJIB
QD
LAW fO
Rfn
1 E^ m
\ 00
y icasi

ran
I 535
j ESS f33] EQ

©

EM3 E3S
IS]
QSD

. ESI
E3&I EI9

MAKER S NAME.

M.
Wm. E.
J.Wm. Edwd,
Jas.Saml.Saml.

West & Sons.
Morgan. Crofton.
Bridgman.Law.
Power.Fray.Neville.Beere.
Teare. ?
Richd. Garde (Cork)
Ald'm'n.West (& Co.)
J. Smith.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Wm.

Marsh. Read.

Chas,
J. Edwd. Twycrobs.
Hy. Flavelle.
{Not identified).
Chas. Marsh.
D. Moulang & Co.
Smith & Gamble.
Edmd. Johnson.
Richd. Sawyer, Jr.
T. Farnett.
P. Morrin.
Hy. Flavelle.
Thos. Meade.
Edmd. Johnson.
{Not identified).
Wm. Sherwin.
(A^D( identified).
J. Moore.
Wm. Sherwin.
Richd. Garde (Cork).
Josiah Low.
Smith & Gamble.
Hughes & Francis.
Peter Walsh.
E. & J. Johnson.
{Not identified).

Do.

JohnJas.

Warren.Le Bass.

J. Francis.
{Noi identified).
Michl. Nowlan.
J. Gamble.
if Joseph Johnson.

Table forks: Messrs. Waterhouse-'*'
Cream jug : Messrs. Wilson & Sharp.
Teapot : Mr. M. Falk.
Four salts : Messrs. Mackay & Chisholm.
Tea spoons : Do. do.
Do. . Mr. Cecil Woods.
Paten, on foot : St. Mark's, Dublin.
Straining spoon : Do. do.
Fruit knife : Mr. Cecil C. Woods.
Table spoon : Do.
Fisli slice : Cork Club.
Table forks: Mr. Cecil C. Woods.
Salt spoon : Do.
Fish slice : Mr. J. R. Garstin, F.S.A.
Snuff box ; Messrs. Spink.
Com. flagon, dated 1829 : St. Mark's, Dublin.
Memorial trowel : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.
Tea spoons : Cork Club.
Do. Do.
Wine labels : Mr. Jones, Long Acre.
Jewel box : Messrs. G.
Large ewer : Mr. W. Boore.
Oval teapot : Messrs. West & Son.
Oval salt cellar : Do.
Candlestick : Messrs. Christie.
Small strainer : Mr. Chappell.
Dessert spoon : Mr. Michael Falk.
Salver : Messrs. Christie.
Tea spoons : Cork Club.
Cream jug : Mr. W. Boore.
Fish slice : Mr. M. Falk.
Table spoon : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.
Tea spoons : Mr. Cecil C. Woods.
Punch ladle : Cork Club.
Table spoons : Mr. Chisholm.
Small inkstand : Messrs. Spink.
Sauce tureen : Messrs. Dobson.
Salt spoons : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
Sauce boat : Messrs. Christie.
Toilet fittings : Mr. M. Falk.
Large teapot : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
Small cruet : Mr. M. Falk.
Plate, dated 1843 : St. Werburgh's, Dublin.
Mount of ivory paper knife : Messrs. Sotheby.
Salt spoon : Mr. Goldman.
Wiisky label : Mr. B. Jefferis.
Small waiter : Mr. Ince.
Gold rim of agate snuffbox : Messrs. Debenham.

¦=¦ The duty stamp with the head of Geo. IV. was made in Feb., 1821. The letter A of that year
is found with head as 1821 and as 1822. Mr. Garstin has an egg spoon, of 1821 (maker's mark \VC
as 1817}, with King's head as 1822.
t Letter changed from E to e Sept., 1825 (the reverse of what is stated in Old English Plate)
+- The plume of feathers and 20 indicate gold 20 carats fine, a standard peculiar to Ireland
The date-marks on gold and silver are alike (see page 537).

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.

569

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.
TABLE XI.
FROM JUNE, 1846 TO JUNE, 1871 — TWENTYFIVE YEARS.
FIVE STAMPS AS BELOW : The date-marks being small Roman letters (except O and Y — large).

848-9849-50

884-f

864-1

i-9
,869-70 1-1

s

i

©

01

@

0
,,
@
m
i@
m
9
13
0
,,
i
Q!
15
19
®
9
@
9
^
@
,,
©
0
^
19
@
ESu3 Em nra oa
GARDNER
GH
OSS
\ EB
J K;>M
I, ESMSQ
I asD
1 CEDS
taTOBl
EI3
ran
MAKER S NAME.
Joseph Johnson.
J. Mahoney.
Thos. Mason.
C. Cummins, jr.
Wm. Lawson.
R. Samuel.
Donegan & Co.
J. Gamble.
Henry Flavelle.
Joseph Needham.
Ann Cummins.
 Gardner.
J. Smyth.
R. Sherwin.
''Topham & White.
Michael Keating.
C. Cummins.
¦'Donegan & Co.
Arthur Johnson.
tJ. R. Neill.
Do. do.
Samuel Le liass.
Wm. Percival .
W. & I. Percival.
E. Powell.
J. Kearing.
E. & J. Johnson.
John Smyth.
J. Scriber.
Ryan & Co.
Jas. West.
Waterhouse & Co.
Francis Martin.
A, Hutton.
Thos. Brunker.
§Patk. Donegan.
§Wm. Lawson.
§Edmd. Johnson, jr.
§Mars. Trench.
§Wm. Lawson.
§T. D. Bryce.
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
Saltcellars: General Meyrick.
Small spirit flask : Mr. W^ Boore.
Sugar tongs : Messrs. Robinson & Fisher.
Child's coral : Mr. Skinner.
Cheese scoop : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.
Watch-case : Mr. T. H. Priest.
Ink stand : Mr. J. L. Propert.
Asparagus tongs : Mr. D. Keys.
Mounts of scent bottle : Mrs. Murray.
Sauce ladle : Lord Dormer.
Sugar scoop : Mr. G. Lowe.
Lady's card case : Mrs. O'GorLnan.
Dessert spoon ; Cork Club.
Mace : College of Surgeons, Dublin.
22 carat gold locket : Mr. J. Barry.
Toast rack : Mrs. Du Pasquier.
Small trowel-shaped fish slice ; Mr. J. M. de
Gumacio.
Pair of salad ser\'ers : Messrs. Christie.
22 carat gold matchbox : Do.
Engraved bowl : Messrs. M. & S. Lyon.
15 carat gold locket : Mrs. Corrigan.
Engraved cups : Mr. J. Darcy.
(Maker's mark registered Dec. 15, 1859).
(Do.(Do.
do.do.
do. 17 Jan., i860).
do. do.)
(Do. do. do. 2 May, 1861).
(Do. do. do. 1 -Aug., 1861).
Plate : Edmond Johnson & Joseph Johnson.
Grape scissore : Mr. Lane.
Sugar sifter : Mr. John Wells.
22 carat gold locket : Mr. Coltman.
Engraved chatelaine hook : Miss Doherty.
Table plate : Messrs. Waterhouse & Co.
(Maker's mark registered 12 Jan., 1862).
(Do. do. do. 4 Oct., 1864).
(Do. do. do. 18 March, 1865).
On gold work 18 carats fine.
Do. do. do.
Do.Uo.
Do.
Do.
do.do.
do.do.
do.
do. do.
do.
'¦¦ The figures 22 are stamped In addition, indicating the fineness of the gold. See page 557.
I Crowned harp omitted, and the figures 15 added.
§ On gold wares liable to duty the Sovereign's head also appeared until the repeal of the duty in
1890. These marks were, however, transcribed from articles exempt from duty and therefore bore no
duty-mark. The number of carats fine is also indicated in figures. On jewelry, neither the crowned
harp nor the Sovereign's head appears. The date-marks on gold and silver are alike. See page 557.
570

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON DUBLIN PLATE.
TABLE XII.
FROM JUNE, 187I TO JUNE, 1896 — TWENTYFIVE YEARS.
FIVE STAMPS TILL i8go, THENCEFORWARD FOUR, AS BELOW : The date-marks being plain block
letters in plain shields.

HIBER- DATE ,
NIA. LETTER. (

1871-2

©

^ 0

3

1872-3

»»

0 .

1873-4

»i

g .

1874-0

»»

0 •

1875-6

) »

e

1876-7
ft
I?
1877-8
t *
0 ¦
1878-9
» »
m ¦
1879-80
t »
g
1880-1
* f
0 •
1881-2
»»
(J •
1882-3
"
0 .
1883-4
t »
0 ,
1884-5
"
5)
1885-6
••
e
1886-7
» »
® ¦
1887-8
» »
(P
1888-9
»»
©
1889-90
» t
0
1890-1
•'
m .
1891-2
jf
c
1892-3
'•
^
1893-4
»»
c
1894-5
*»
c
1895-6
'•
5
©{
¥V7l
€3
ED.BI
EEIID
^ MOHNSON
. BD
1 GH
0E3 GED
M:Til!l
£33
tail
oa ES3
SESISD
I BEE)
li'il'H^%'< o
C.H.L
K&e Si
as
maker's NAME AND DATE OF REGISTRATION OF MARKS.
J. Wickham.
Weir & Rogers.
John Donegan.
Wm. Egan & Son (of Cork).
Ignatius Cummins.
Mc. Dowell Bros.
Do. do.
West &. Son.
J. Redmond.
West & Son.
O'Connor & Dillon.
Edmond Do.
Wm. Henry
Danl.Winder
Johnson. do.
Carty.
Hopkins.
Moulang.
& Lamb.
Frengley Bros.
Austin & Co.
M. Anderson.
Jas. E. Pim.
Thomas Barton.
Fredk. Hill.
Wm. Ouinlan.
Joseph Fray.
Henry L. Stewart (of Limerick).
Sharman D. Neill (of Belfast).
Hopkins & Hopkins.
Jas. Mosley (Waterford).
C. Harris (Coventry).
Edmond Johnson.
Chas. Howard Lawson.
Kane & Gunning.
Richard Dillon (Waterford).
Charles Lamb.
Chancellor & Son.
(1871).(1872).
(1874).
(1875)- (1877).
(1876).(1879). (1880).
(1881). (1882). (1881).(1883).
(1885). (1886).(1887).
(1871).(1889).{1888). (1889). (1890).(1883). (1892),
(1893)- (1894).
(1893).(1B95).
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.

571

MARKS ON DUBLLN PLATE.
TABLE XIII.
STAMPS AS BELOW : The date-marks being old English capital letters in octagonal shields.

1900-1EOW.VII.

il

133
i, (33

MAKER S NAME AND DATE OF REGISTRATION OF MARK.

Richards
John Gibson,RobertMooreRobert W.J.
Chas. Howard

& Walsh. Morton.
Ltd. (Belfast).
Knaggs.
& Co.
Valentine. Gethings.
Lawson.

Langley Archer West.
Henderson & Thompson (Belfast).
Mc.Cutcheon & Donaldson (Belfast).

West

& Son.

(1895). (1896).(1897).(1898).

(1900). (1901).
(1902).

SUPPLEMENTARY MARKS.
DATE.
MARKS.
maker's NAME.
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
1663-4
Of
Abel Ram.
Spoon, with flat stem, trefoil end :
Sir Thornley Stoker.
1708-10
f
@ ^
Philip Tough.
Cylindrical tankard, domed top :
Mr. Nyburg.
1715-6
§
^ ®
Wm. Archdall.
Small salver : Mr. Arthur Irwin
Dasent.
I73I
^
il ©
(Not identified)
Tankard : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
17391740
©0
f
Robert Holmes.®
Will. Walsh.
Jane Daniell.f
Table-spoon, Hanoverian pattern :
Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Do. do. : Do. do.
Salver : Mr. Arthur Irwin Dasent.
"
»»
*f
" Sb
(Not identified)
/Sauce boat, with date-letter ® as in
1 Table VI. : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
c. 1750
©
^
No date-letter, (but date about 1750) Paten : Donabate.
The communion cup pertaining to it is dated 1751.
¦ Or Robert Hunter.
f Widow of Henry DanieU,
The five goldsmiths' marks illustrated below are copied from the Dublin
Assay Office book, in which they appear at the date set opposite each respectively.
1660
®
Andrew Edwards.
1704
IG
John
Garrett.
1704
RS
Abraham Voisin.
Robert Smith.
"
IW
James
Walker.
572

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.

The marks illustrated below are reproduced from a plate of copper
preserved at the Dublin Assay Office, in which marks in use at various
dates, from about 1765 to 181 2, have been stamped. The plate contains
a number of other marks which it is unnecessary to illustrate here, as
they appear in the preceding tables.

MARK.

NAME.

MARK.

NAME.

MARK.

NAME.

>m

hl^-A

i\'M

fan
kM
ESi
fifff)
<ss^
CS^
Wt\
m
Joseph Nixon.
fS^
John Ebbs.
C2S
John
Austin.
(S^
Robert Breading.
GZS
JC
John
Clarke.
M>H
1^
^^^
Thos.
Farley.
^
Joshua Emerson.
M^i
George Nangle.
®
Joseph
Jackson.
@B
Saml. Reily
M«<
James Hadmill.
^m
(Cork).
O-ALLEY
Geo. Alley.
James Kenzie.
H'A
John
Keene.
(S>
m
m-i
IS
James Jones.
0<K3
Thos.
Williamson.
CED
WS
John Dalrymple.
kViH
Will.
Beere.
RWPI
Mark M'Cloughlin.
ES
kid
k?i4[*l
Wm. Fitzgerald (Limerick).
TM
Thos. Martin.
n^
John
Coleman.
tnn
WJ
Will. Johnson.
im
Michae
Byrne.
ImRI
CS9
Alex. Ticknell.
ESQ
Walter
Peter.
SS
Ambr'se Nicklin.
®
(SfcD
Chas.
Dowdall.
f@Si
GEI
Henry Nicholson.
SS
Thos.
Cooksey,
(335
RT
James
Jones.
l.'tTifOIHrtM
J. Nicolson (Cork).
i\'i^
IP
GW
(12^
Wm. Keene.
SR
H&H
Saml. Reily (Cork).
Hopper & Hannay.
ffy^/4
(•{•I
Christr.
Clarke. ?
ffl
James Jones. ?
6ZS
f^
03
(25
La'rence Martin
r«fi
(Kilkenny).
PF
George Nangle.
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Marks.
DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS' MARKS, 1765 to 1812— Continued.

573

MARK.

NAME.

MARK.

NAME.

MARK.

NAME.

SD

ism

ran

Fredk.

Buck.

im

Will

Hughes. ?

Oul

Benjn. Tait.

ST

Samuel

Taylor.

(S3

CE3
Peter Wingfield.
VM
Randall Cashell. ? |
SS^
QQ
LV'tI
Wm.
Hannay. ?
ESi
John
Tweedie. ?
tnst
KH
ESI9
Robt.O'Shaughnessy (Limerick).
James Hewitt. ?
ESU
®
John
Lloyd.
M:^!J
sa
John
West. ?
blsl
Randall Cashell.?
CTa>
Will
French.
m
J'n'th'n Robinson. ?
(»>*:Ho:i
Joseph Gibson (Cork).
^ffifflf
Will
Ward.
SLY
Thos.
Sly.
(cf^ii^
James Campbell. ?
(2D
yt^^
09
@tD
m
James
Mills. ?
03
Isaac Davis. ?
»:|-J
WL
Wm.
Law. ?
l^iWfW
Matt. West & Son.
GSi
m
Will.
Hamey. ?
oa
£39
\t^')
Thos.
Baker. ?
Iii3
fSD
SINGLETON
 Singleton.
Thomas Townsend.
m
John
Bolland. ?
y^^'ii
THE FOLLOWING MARKS, WHICH
ARE STAMPED
ON A COPPER-PI.ATE OF L.ATER 1
ATE, K
ANGE FROM
ABOUT 1813 TO ABOUT 185O.
MARK.
NAME.
MARK.
NAME.
MARK.
NAME.
ssa
rrtal
f^m
M
Bwa
SQw
£33
Henry Lazarus.
mm DD
ssna
Wm. H. Townsend.
EEi
John
Townsend.
kiiij
JMOORE
James Moore.
Wm.
Nelson.
»srsa
fJTl
—  Boyle.
Edwd. Murphy.
Ei>3
R. W. Smith.
IS
- Grays.
574

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

CHAPTER XXIV.

CHRONOLOGICAL LISTS OF NAMES OF DUBLIN
GOLDSMITHS,
FROM A.D. I200 TO A.D. 1904.
INCLUDING THE MASTERS AND WARDENS, FREEMEN, AND QUARTER BROTHERS OF
THE DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS COMPANY FROM ITS INCORPORATION IN 1637.
The names of earlier date than 1637 have for the most part been extracted from " Historic and
Municipal Documents," and " Dublin Corporation Records " — edited by Sir J. Gilbert. From 1637
onwards the names have been copied from the Records of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company,
supplemented by some which have been found in enrolments of Wills in Dublin and District, and in
Dublin Directories.
The records of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company are more perfect and complete than those of any
other company of goldsmiths in the Kingdom, and, but for the fact that one or two books are
missing, an unbroken record of its members and their work, from 1637 to the present day, would be
contained in the archives of the company. Even as it is, very little is wanting, in fact, much less is
missing than, having regard to the state of similar archives in other parts of the Kingdom, might
reasonably have been expected. The Dublin Goldsmiths' Records are of the highest value to the
antiquary and the plate collector, and of no little importance to the present day goldsmiths and other
citizens of Dublin who take an interest in the history of a " craft," which has shewn by work which
emanated from its members, that the skill of Dublin goldsmiths in former times was quite equal to
that of their contemporary London brethren.
A perusal of the following names brings to one's notice the extent to which the craft in Dublin
was enriched by French Huguenots and other continental goldsmiths, of whom a large number were
driven by persecution from their native countries, which thereby lost many highly talented workmen,
whom Ireland gained.
The observations which occur on page 469, with reference to the different ways in which certain
Scottish goldsmiths' names are spelled at different times, are also applicable, but in a less degree, to
some of the names which appear spelled in different ways in the following lists.
NAMES OF GOLDS.MITHS FOUND IN DUBLIN RECORDS
FROM ABOUT A.D. I200 TO A.D. 163O.

NAME OF GOLDSMITH.

NAME OF GOLDSMITH.

WiUielmus de
Rogerus
Willielmus GilesGodardus Thomas
John William de
Oliver de
William Maurice of
Cristinus
Walter the
Patrick
Nicholas DermotJohn Walter Meiler
JohnJohn
John Terence
AdamThomas

Srobesburi aurifaber

de London

goldsmithSt. Helena
Nichol
Frend Connaught goldsmith
Kenne
Browne Lynchy
Savage Foile Trevers
Ellys
HanneLatton Byrne Colman
Pinnock

1225-50 )>
12261257

13441469 1473H741477 14821547 1557

1565

William

Jackson

Robert

Bee 

Phihp

Kenreaght ...

Nicholas

Ford 

John

Hand 

l''rancis

Trassy

John

Fyan

Edward

Wylkes 

Lawrence

Doyne

George

Miller 

James

Gerland

James

Bee 

Brian

RatlyfEe 

Thomas

Bee 

William

Calfe 

Henry

Cheshire (Alderman'

Barnaby

Ratlyffe 

Edmond

Needly 

Edmond

Murray

Edmond

Medley 

William

Bee 

John

Coulson 

Robert

Coffee 

Thomas

Mennan 

1577
157815801584

I59I1595 16031605 I6I2I6I3I6I8
I6II-2I 1621 1622

16271630

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

575

THE GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY OF DUBLIN.
(guild of all saints).

LIST OF MASTERS AND WARDENS OF THE COMPANY FROM ITS
INCORPORATION IN 1637.
COMPILED FROM THE COMPANY'S JOURN.ALS.

1637-9

William

Cooke

master

1668-9

Abel

Ram

master

John

Woodcocke

warden

Edmond

Coghlan

warden

William

Hampton

^j

Abraham
Voyseen (Voisin)
))
John
Banister
^^
1669-70
Abel
Ram
master
1639-40
William
Hampton
Abraham
Voisin (Voyseen)
warden
Peter
Vaneyndhoven
„
John
Dickson
,,
I 640- I
John
Woodcocke
master
I 670- I
Thomas
Pennant
master
James
Vanderbeck
warden
John
Dickson
warden
I64I-4
Timothy
Blackwood
,,
1644-5-6 Gilbert
Tonques
„
1671-2
Thomas
Rutter
master
Peter
Vaneyndhoven
_,
Timothy
Blackwood
warden
1646-7
Gilbert
Tonques
master
Paul
Lovelace
,,
Daniel
Burfeldt
warden
1672-3
John
Dickson
master
1647-8
Paul
Lovelace
warden
1648-g
Nathaniel
Stoughton
master
John
Cope
,,
Daniel
Burfeldt
warden
1673-4
Richard
Lord
master
Daniel
Bellingham
„
John
Cope
warden
1649-54
James
Cottingham
,,
1654-5
Joseph
Stoaker
master
1674-5
Paul
Lovelace
master
John
Woodcocke
warden
James
Cottingtott (ham)
warden
(deed., and Giles Goodwin
Thomas
Sterne
,,
elected
n his place).
Richard
Webb
,,
Thomas
Hooker
1675-6
Paul
Lovelace
master
1655-6
James
Cottington
warden
1656-7
Joseph
Stoaker
master
Thomas
Sterne
„
William
Huggard
warden
Richard
Webb
j>
Daniel
Bellingham
)>
1676-7
Abraham
Voisin
master
1657-8
David
Jean (or John)
master
Richard
Webb
warden
John
Slicer
warden
James
Kelly
„
Isaac
Jean (or John)
))
Gerard
Grace
„
1658-9
John
Slicer
master
1677-8
James
Cottingham
master
Isaac
John
warden
James
Kelly
warden
Nicholas
Seward
^j
Gerard
Grace
,,
1659-60
Isaac
John.
master
Samuel
Marsden
,,
Nicholas
Seward
warden
1678-9
James
Kelly
master
Edward
Harris
^^
Gerard
Grace
warden
1 660- 1
John
Thornton
master
Samuel
Marsden
,,
Edward
Harris
warden
John
Hyatt (Hyett)
,,
Edward
Swann
,,
1679-8C
John
Cope
master
1661-2
Thomas
Parnell
master
Samuel
Marsden
warden
John
Parnell
warden
John
Hyett (Hyatt)
,,
George
Southaick
)j
."Vndrew
Gregory
„
1662-3
David
Harris
master
I 680- I
Gerard
Grace
master
George
Southaick
warden
John
Hyett
warden
John
Partington
)>
Andrew
Gregory
„
1663-4
Edward
Harris
master
Adam
Soret
„
John
Partington
warden
(watchmaker)
George
Lambert
„
168 1 -2
Samuel
Marsden
master
1664-5
George
Southaick
master
Andrew
Gregory
warden
George Thomas
Lambert
warden
Adam
Soret
,,
Rutter
)5
(watchmaker)
1665-6
George
Lambert
master
John
Cuthbert
„
Thomas
Rutter
warden
1682-3
Abel
Ram
master
George
Taylor
,,
Adam
Soret
warden
1666-7
John
Partington
master
John
Cuthbert
„
George
Taylor
warden
Walter
Lewis
„
Abel
Ram
,,
1683-4
Edward
Harris
master
1667-8
John
Parnell
master
John
Cuthbert
warden
Abel
Ram
warden
Walter
Lewis
)>
Edmond
Coghlan
„
John
Shelley
.,
576

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

LIST OF MASTERS AND WARDENS — Continued,

1684-5

James

Cottingham

master

1701-2

Joseph

Walker

master

Walter

Lewis

warden

Alexander Sinclare

warden

John

Shelly

^^

Robert
Smith
))
Burleigh
Cuffe
Thomas
Billing
1685-6
James
Cottingham
master
1702-3
Robert
Rigmaiden
master
John
Shelly
warden
Robert
Smith
warden
Burleigh
Cuffe
,,
Thomas
Billing
.)
John
Moseley
,,
Abraham
Soret (watchmaker) „
1686-7
Adam
Soret (see 1 680-1)
master
1703-4
John
Harris
master
Burleigh
Cuffe
warden
Thomas
Billing
warden
John
Deane
„
Abraham
Soret
William
Drayton
,,
Richard
Grosvenor
1687-8
John
Shelley
master
1704-5
James
Welding
master
John
Deane
warden
(deed.,
and 21 Jaine, 1705
William
Drayton
,,
Robert
.Smith elected for
John
Phillips
,,
remainder of the year).
1688-9
John
Cuthbert
master
Abraham
Soret
warden
William
Drayton
warden
Richard
Grosvenor
John
Phillips
„
John
Gregory
J
John
Clifton
„
1705-6
Robert
Smith
master
1689-90
Richard
Grosvenor
warden
I690-I
William
Drayton
master
John
Gregory
),
Thomas
Bolton
warden
Benjamin
Racine
James
Weldon
(jeweller)
John
Bryerley (or Brearly) „
1706-7
Edward
Slicer
master
I69I-2
Adam
Soret
master
John
Gregory
warden
Thomas
Bolton
warden
Benjamin
Racine
"
Capn. Ben
. Burton
5>
Mortagh
Dowling
John
Billing
,,
1707-8
Edward
Slicer
master
1692-3
Thomas
Bolton
master
Benjamin
Racine
warden
Benjamin
Burton
warden
Mortagh
Dowling
John
Billing
„
John
Mathews
Joseph
Wesencraft
,,
1708-9
Thomas
Browne (graver)
master
(deed., 2
4 Jan., 1692, Robt.
Mortagh
Dowling
warden
Rigmaiden elected in his
John
Mathews
stead).
Edward
Workman
1693-4
John
Phillips
master
1709-10
Mortagh
Dowling
master
Benjamin
Burton
warden
John
Mathews
warden
Robert
Rigmaiden (watchmaker)
"
Edward
William
Workman
Archdall
Vincent
Kidder
,,
1710-11
Benjamin
Racine
master
1694-5
Capn. Ben-
. Burton
master
Edward
Workman
warden
Robert
Rigmaiden
warden
William
Archdall
Vincent
Kidder
Francis
Girard
))
Walter
Bingham (clockmaker) „ |
(deed., and 2 Feb., 1710,
"
1695-6
Benjamin
Burton
master
John Hamilton elected in
Vincent
Kidder
warden
his stead).
Walter
Bingham
,,
1711-12
Thomas
Billing
master
John
Humphrys
,,
William
Archdall
warden
1696-7
Vincent
Kidder
master
John
Hamilton
Walter
Bingham
warden
Henry
Mathews
"
John David
Humphrys
King
"
(deed., and 11 Sept., 1712,
Philip Tough elected in his
1697-8
John
Clifton
master
stead).
John
Humphrys
warden
1712-13
Edward
Workman
master
David
King
,,
John
Hamilton
warden
Joseph
Walker
„
Philip
Tough
VT (-4.J. V.l\..i.L±
1698-9
John
Humphrys
master
John
Pallet
"
David
K;°,^
warden
1713-14
Williarii
Archdall
master
, oseph
Walker
,,
Philip
Tough
warden
l6qq
.ohn
Harris
„
(deed., and 18 June, 1714,
1700
David
King
master
Henry DanieU elected in his
Joseph
Walker
warden
. stead).
John
Harris
1)
John
Pallet
Alexander
Sinclare (Sinclair)
Erasmus
Cope
"
1700-1
Walter
Bingham
master
1714-15
John
Hamilton
master
John .Alexander
Harris
Sinclare
warden
Erasmus
Henry
CopeDanieU
warden
Robert
Smith
"
John
Burton
M
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company,

511

LIST OF MASTERS AND

WARDENS — continued.

1715-16

Erasmus

Cope

master

1731-2

Roger

Finch

master

Henry
DanieU
warden
William
Sinclare
warden
John
Burton
J)
Noah
Vialas
William
Barry
))
Charles
Leslie
1716-17
John
Pallet
master
1732-3
Roger
Finch
master
John
Burton
warden
Noah
Vialas
warden
William
Barry
„
Charles
Leslie
„
John
Crampton
,_
William
Williamson
,,
(clockmE^ker)
1733-4
William
Barry
master
1717-18
John
Sterne (jeweller)
master
Charles
Leslie
warden
William
Barry
warden
William
Williamson
„
John
Crampton
^^
Robert
Calderwood
,,
Martin
Billing
,_
1734-5
William
Sinclare
master
1718-lg
William
Barry
master
William
WiUiamson
warden
.ohn
Crampton
warden
Robert
Calderwood
,,
^lartin
BiUing
„
Thomas
Williamson
,,
Charles
Norton
^^
1735-6
Charles
Leslie
master
1719-20
William
Barry
master
Robert
Calderwood
warden
Martin
Billing
warden
Thomas
Williamson
^j
Charles
Norton
))
George
Cartwright
,,
Thomas
Cope
j>
1736-7
Robert
Calderwood
master
1720-1
Martin
Billing
master
Thomas
Williamson
warden
Charles
Norton
warden
George
Cartwright
»'
Thomas
Cope
„
John
Wilme
))
Edmond
Sturgys
^^
1737-8
William
Williamson
master
1721-2
Charles
Norton
master
George
Cartwright
warden
Thomas
Cope
warden
John
Wilme
,,
Edmond
Sturgys
,^
Martin
Kirkpatrick
^,
Mathew
Walker
,,
(watchmaker)
1722-3
Erasmus
Cope
master
1738-9
George
Cartwright
master
Edmond
Sturgys
warden
John
Wilme
warden
Mathew
Walker
))
Martin
Kirkpatrick
„
lidward
Barrett
Andrew
Goodwin
)>
(deed.,
ind 28 June, 1723,
1739-40
John
Wilme
master
John Clifton elected in his
Martin
Kirkpatrick
warden
stead).
Andrew
Goodwin
,,
1723-4
Erasmus
Cope
master
Isaac
D'Olier
,,
Mathew
Walker
warden
1740-1
Martin
Kirkpatrick
master
John
Clifton
^,
Andrew
Goodwin
warden
Philip
Kinnersly
„
Isaac
D'Olier
,,
1724-s
Mathew
Walker
master
David
Bomes
,,
John
Clifton
warden
1741-2
Noah
Vialas
master
Philip
Kinnersly
,,
Isaac
D'Olier
warden
Thomas
Crampton(watchmkr) „
David
Bomes
,,
1725-6
John
Clifton
master
James
Whitthorne
,,
Philip
Kinnersly
warden
(watchmaker)
Thomas
Crampton
,,
1742-3
Robert
Billing (jeweller)
master
Simon
Young
5)
David
Bomes
warden
1726-7
Arthur
Weldon
master
James
Whitthorne
)»
Thomas
Crampton
warden
Thomas
Isaac
Simon
Young
,,
1743-4
David
Bomes
master
John
Taylor
Jaraes
Whitthorne
warden
1727-8
Philip
Kinnersly
master
Thomas
Isaac
))
Simon
Young
warden
Thomas
de Limarest
,,
ohn
Taylor
,,
(jeweller)
. oseph
Blundell
IJ
1744-5
James
Wliitthorne
master
1728-9
Edmond
Sturgys
master
Thomas
Isaac
warden
John
Taylor
warden
Thomas
de Limarest
,,
Joseph
Blundell
,,
Thomas
Blundell
,,
Roger
Finch
3)
(clockmaker)
1729-30
Thomas
Cope
master
1745-6
John
Freeze
master
Joseph
Blundell
warden
Thomas
de Limarest
warden
Roger
Finch
.)
Thomas
Blundell
„
William
Sinclare
Deacon
Standish (jeweller
„
1730-1
Henry
DanieU
master
1746-7
Andrew
Goodwin
master
Roger
Finch
warden
Thomas
Blundell
warden
William
Sinclare
,,
Deacon
Standish
„
Noah
Vialas
"
William
Townsend
.-
37
i78

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

LIST OF M.VSTERS AND

WARDENS— conimuecf.

1747-8

Thomas

Blundell

master

1761-2

Nathan

Murray, sen.

master

Deacon
Standish
warden
Fishamble Street
William
Townsend
i>
Thomas
Burton
warden
James
Champion (jeweller)
))
Henry
Jonathan
BillingRuston
ij
1748-9
Deacon
Standish
master
Cole Alley (jeweller)
William
Townsend
vs'arden
1762-3
Edward
Mockler
master
James
Champion
„
Henry
Billing
warden
Daniel
Onge
,,
Jonathan
Ruston
,,
I749-5C
WiUiam
1 ownsend
master
William
Wilme
,,
James
Champion
warden
Hoey's Court
Daniel
Onge
,,
1763-4
Thomas
Burton
master
Barth'mew Mosse
„
Jonathan
Ruston
warden
1750-51
John
Moore
master
WiUiam
Wilme
,j
Daniel
Onge
warden
Benjamin
Stokes
),
Barth'mew Mosse
1)
Skinners' Row
(deed.,
and 21 Mav, 1751,
1764-5
Andrew
Goodwin
master
Christopher Skinner elected
Skinners' Row
in his stead).
William
Wilme
warden
John
Letablere (a lapidary)
"
BenjaminRichard
StokesWilliams
"
1751-2
Daniel
Onge
master
Castle Street
(deed., an
d 3 July, 1752, John
1765-6
Thomas
Blundell
master
Moore elected in his stead).
Ormond Quay
John
Letablere
warden
Benjamin
Stokes ~
warden
Christ'r
Skinner (jeweller)
»)
Richard
Williams
Richard
Eaton
tj
John F.
Sherwin
1752-3
Isaac
D'Olier
master
Skinners' Row
Christ'r
Skinner
warden
1766-7
William
Wilme
master
Richard
Eaton
s>
Richard
Williams
warden
Thomas
Parsons
)>
John F.
Sherwin
1753-4
James
Champion
master
Benjamin
Willson
Richard
Eaton
warden
Skinners' Row
Thomas
Parsons
)>
1767-8
Benjamin
Stokes
master
Mathias
Browne (silversmith)
"
John F.
Benjamin
SherwinWillson
warden
1754-5
Christ'r
Skinner
master
Henry
Waldron
Thomas
Parsons
warden
Christchurch Yard
Mathias
Browne
,,
1768-9
Richard
WiUiams
master
George
Beere
,,
Benjamin
Willson
warden
1755-6
Thomas
Parsons
master
Henry
Waldron
Mathias
Browne
warden
Richard
Tudor
George
Beere
,,
Skinners' Row
William
Wilson
,,
1769-70
John
Sherwin
master
1756-7
William
Currie
master
Henry
Waldron
warden
George
Beere
warden
Richard
Tudor
William
Wilson
')
Nathan
Murray, junior
Nathan
Murray
,,
Fishamble street
1757-8
George
Beere
master
1770-1
Benjamin
Willson
master
William
Wilson
warden
Richard
Tudor
warden
Nathan
Murray
)5
Nathan
Murray, junior
Robert
Hopkins
,,
William
Nugent
I75S-9
\yilliam
Wilson
master
Skinners' Row
Nathan
Murray
warden
1771-2
Richard
Tudor
master
Robert
Hopkins
))
Nathan
Murray, junior
warden
Edward
Mockler
„
WiUiam
Nugent
1759-60
James
Vidouze
master
George
Clarke
"
Fownes' Street (jeweller) |
Dame Street (tov seller*
Robert
Hopkins
warden
and seal graver)
Ormond Quay
1772-3
Henry
Archdall
master
Edward
Mockler
,,
Coleraine Street
Ormond Quay
WiUiam
Nugent
warden
Thomas
Burton ~
„
George
Clarke
Skinners' Row
John
West, Skinners' Row ..
1760-1
Robert
Hopkins
master
1773-4
James
Vidouze
master
Edward
Mockler
warden
George
Clarke
warden
Thomas
Burton
),
John
West
Henry
BiUing
1)
Thomas
Nuttall
))
Werburgh St. (jeweller)
Skinners' Row
' Toy seller "=one who sold trinkets, not playthings.
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

579

LIST OF MASTERS AND WARDENS — continued.

1774-5

Nathan

Murray

master

1786-7

Ambrose

Boxwell

master

John

West

warden

WiUiam

Sherwin

warden

Thomas

NuttaU

'

Barthw.
Delandre
,,
John
Wiline
Samuel
Close, Capel St.
,,
Hoey's Court (resigned) |
1787-8
Poole
Taylor
master
Ambrose
Boxwell
warden
Barthw.
Delandre
warden
Skinners' Row
(in his
Samuel
Close
,,
stead)
WiUiam
Law
,,
1775-6
George
Clarke
master
ParUament Street
Thomas
Nuttall®
warden
1788-9
Barthw.
Delandre
master
resigned, and
Samuel
Close
warden
John
Locker (in his stead)
"
WiUiamGeorge
Law Harkness
"
Ambrose
Boxwell
„
Stephen St. (jeweller)
William
Raymond
1789-90
Arthur
Clarke
master
Abbev St. (watchmaker) |
William
Law
warden
1776-7
John
West
master
George
Harkness
,,
John
Locker
warden
John
Pittar, Ross Lane
,,
Parliament Street |
1790-1
William
Sherwin
master
William
Raymond
,,
George
Harkness
warden
Richard
Shaw
^,
John
Pittar
,,
Essex Bridge
'sword
John
Wade, Essex Qua)
,,
cutler)
1791-2
Thomas
Jones
master
1777-8
James
Warren, Cork HiU, master ]
John
Pittar
warden
John
Locker
warden
Joseph
Jackson
)»
Richard
Shaw
^,
Hoey's Court
John
Lloyd, Dame St.
))
Richard
Fitzsimons
,,
1778-9
Ambrose
I^oxwell
master
Crow Street (jeweller)
Richard
Shaw
warden
1792-3
George
Harkness
master
John
Lloyd
Joseph
Jackson
warden
Charles
Townsend Skinners' Row
n
Richard Henry
Fitzsimons
Wilme
"
1779-80
John
Locker
master
Dame Street
John
Lloyd
warden
1793-4
WiUiam
Law
master
Charles
Townsend
^j
Richard
Fitzsimons
warden
Robert
Murray Skinners' Row
)j
Henry
William
WilmeOsborne
>>
1780-1
John
Lloyd
master
South Gt. George's St.
Charles
Townsend
warden
(jeweller)
Robert
Murray
1794-5
Richard
Fitzsimons
master
Matthew
West Skinners' Row
"
Henry
William
WilmeOsborne
warden
I78I-2
Jeremiah
D'Olier
master
Edward
Rice, Capel Street
„
Dame Street
1795-6
Joseph
Jackson
master
Robert
Murray
warden
William
Osborne
warden
Matthew
West
„
Edward
Rice
)5
Thomas
Jones
),
William
Keene, Dame Street „
Cole Alley
1796-7
John
Pittar
master
1782-3
Charles
Townsend
master
Edward
Rice
warden
Matthew
West
warden
William
Keene
„
Thomas
Jones
))
John
Stoyte
,,
Poole
Taylor
))
Kennedy's Lane
Cole AUev (jeweller)
1797-8
Henry
Wilme
master
1783-4
Matthew
West
master
WiUiam
Keene
warden
Thomas
Jones
warden
John
Stoyte
))
Poole
Taylor
,^
John
Keene
„
Arthur
Clarke
1798-9
William
Osborne
master
Dame Street
John
Stoyte
warden
1784-5
Benjamin
Willson Skinners' Row
master
John Thomas
Keene Taylor
)>
Poole
Taylor
warden
1799
_ohn
Stoyte
master
Arthur
Clarke
,,
1800
ohn
Keene
warden
William
Sherwin Skinners' Row
"
Thomas Robert
TaylorWiUiams
"
1785-6
Richard
Williams
master
1800-1
(William
\ Ambrose
Keene (died)
master
Arthur
Clarke
warden
Boxwell
M
William
Sherwin
Walter
Peter
warden
Barthw.
Delandre
Thomas
Taylor
,,
Skinners' Row
Robert
Williams
)>
« Thomas Nuttall, having resigned the office of warden, was elected assay master in 1776.
58o

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

LIST OF MASTERS AND WARDENS — Continued.

1801-2

John

Keene

master

1818-19 Hich.Wm

. Osborne

master

Robert

WiUiams

warden

Edward

Murray

warden

Walter

Peter

„

John
Browne
„
George
Connor
„
William
Mossop
11
1802-3
Edward
Rice
master
i8iy-20 John
Twycross
master
Walter
Peter
warden
John
Browne
warden
George
Connor
n
William
Mossop
)i
William
Clarke
ji
Henry
Rooke
')
1803-4
Robert
Williams
master
1820-1
Edward
Murray
master
George
Connor
warden
William
Mossop
warden
WiUiam
Clarke
,,
Henry
Rooke
,,
Jacob
West, jun.
))
James
Moore
,,
1804-5
George
Connor
master
1821-2
William
Mossop
master
William
Clarke
warden
Henry
Rooke
warden
Jacob
West, jun.
„
James
Moore
„
Samuel
Neville
„
William
Morgan
,,
1805-6
William
Clarke
master
1822-3
Henry
Rooke
master
Jacob
West, jun.
warden
James
.Moore
warden
Samuel
Neville
))
William
Morgan
j»
John
Dalrvmple
)i
Isaac
Hinds
1806-7
Walter
Peter
master
1823-4
James
Moore
master
.Samuel
Neville
warden
WilUam
Morgan
warden
John
Dalrymple
„
Isaac
Hinds
,,
John
Tudor
,,
Hy. Thos.
Gonne
,,
1807-8
Samuel
Neville
master
1824-5
WiUiam
Morgan
master
John
Dalrymple
warden
Isaac
Hinds
warden
John
Tudor
,,
Hy. Thos.
Gonne
,,
Robert
Breading
,_
John
Gaskin
„
1808-9
Jacob
West
master
1825-6
Isaac
Hinds
master
John
Tudor
warden
Hy. Thos.
Gonne
warden
Robert
Breading
^^
John
Gaskin
j^
Matthew-
West
,,
Joseph
Johnson
,,
1809-10
John
Tudor
master
1826-7
John
Brown
master
Robert
Breading
warden
Joseph
Johnson
warden
Matthew
West
^_
Forward
liumley
^_
George
Warner
,,
George
Harkness
,,
1810-11
William
Sherwin
master
1827-8
Samuel
Neville
master
.Matthew
West
warden
Joseph
Johnson
warden
George
Warner
_,
I'orward
Rumley
John
Lloyd, jun.
,,
Benj. S.
Brunton
,,
l8ll-12
John
Dalrymple
master
1828-9
Joseph
Johnson
master
George
Warner
warden
Forward
Rumley
warden
John
Lloyd, jun.
,,
Benj. S.
Brunton
Thomas
Gonne
„
Edward
Thompson
1812-13
Matthew
West
master
1829-30
Forward
Rumley
master
John
Lloyd, jun.
warden
Benj. S.
Brunton
warden
Thomas
Gonne
„
Edward
Thompson
Arthur
O'NeUl
„
William
McOuestion
^_
1813-14
John
Lloyd, jun.
master
1830-1
Bj. Shafton Brunton
master
Thomas
Gonne
warden
Edward
Thompson
warden
.Arthur
O'NeiU
„
William
McOuestion
Matthew
Law
Edmond
Johnson
1814-15
George
Warner (.Alderman) master |
1831-2
Edward
Thompson
master
-Arthur
O'Neill
warden
William
McQuestion
warden
.Matthew
Law
„
Edmond
Johnson
Richard W
Osborne
„
Stephen
Cox
1815-16
Thomas
Gonne
master
1832-3
William
McQuestion
master
Matthew
Law
warden
Edmond
Johnson
warden
Richard W
Osborne
„
Stephen
Cox
John
Twvcross
,,
Edward
Power
1816-17
Arthur
O'Neill
master
1833-4
Edmond
Johnson
master
Richard W
Osborne
warden
Stephen
Cox
warden
John
Twy cross
,,
Edward
Power
Edward
Murray
,,
Josiah
Lowe
1817-18
Matthew
Law
masier
1834-5
Hy. Thos.
Gonne
master
John
Twycross
warden
Edward
Power
warden
Edward
Murray
Josiah
Lowe
John
Browne
>)
Richard
Sawyer
})
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

581

LIST OF MASTERS AND WARDENS  continued.

1835-6

( Edward
( Joseph

Power (resigned)

master

1852-3

William

H. Nelson

master

Johnson

„

Theophilus Barton

warden

Josiah

Lowe

warden

Joseph

Johnson, jun.

Richard
Sawyer
,^
John
Teare
J,
.lames
Le Bass
„
1853-4
Arthur
Johnson
master
1836-7
Edward
Thompson
master
Joseph
Johnson, jun.
warderi
Richard
Sawyer
warden
John
Teare
,,
James
Le Bass
„
Henry E.
Flavelle
,,
George
Twycross
t)
1854-5
Edward
Thompson
master
1837-8
Richard
Sawyer
master
John
Teare
warden
James
Le Bass
warden
Henry E.
Flavelle
,,
George
Twycross
,,
Edward
Quigley
„
Wm. Hy.
Sherwin
„
1855-6
fJolm
[Edward
'1 eare
master
1838-9
Stephen
Cox
master
Thompson
!>
George
Twycross
warden
Henry E.
FlaveUe
warden
Wm. Hy.
Sherwin
,,
Edward
Ouigley
,,
Rd. West
Smith
,,
I^ obert
Nelson
„
1839-40
George
Twycross
master
1856-7
John
Teare
master
Wm. Hy.
Sherwin
warden
Robert
Nelson
warden
Rd. West
Smith
„
(the only warden in 1856)
Anthony
WiUis
„
1857-8
John
Teare
master
1840-1
Richard
Sawyer
master
Edward
Quigley
warden
Rd. West
Smith
warden
Arthur
Johnson
,,
Anthony
Willis
1858-9
John
Teare
master
Edward
Murray, jun.
„
Edward
Ouigley
warden
I84I-2
Edward
Thompson
master
Arthur
Johnson
,,
Anthony
Willis
warden
1859-6C
John
Teare
master
Edward
Murrav, jun.
j>
Edward
Quigley
warden
James
Willis'
J)
Richard
Sawyer
,,
1842-3
Edward
Thompson
master
1860-1
John
Teare
master
Edward
Murray, jun.
warden
Edward
Quigley
warden
James
Willis
„
Robert
Nelson
,,
James
Fray
,,
Richard
Sawyer
„
1843-4
Edward
Thompson
master
1861-2
Edmond
Johnson
master
James
WiUis
warden
Edward
Quigley
warden
Henry E.
Flavelle
^^
Robert
Nelson
James
Wickham
„
Richard
Sawyer
,,
1844-5
Edmond
Johnson
master
1862-3
Edmond
Johnson
master
Henry
Flavelle
warden
Edward
Quigley
warden
James
Wickham
Robert
Nelson
„
Henry
Flavelle, jun.
Richard
Sawyer
„
1845-6
Edmond
Johnson
master
1863-4
Edmond
Johnson
master
James
Wickham
warden
Joseph
Johnson
warden
Henry
Flavelle, jun.
„
George
Twycross
'J
Joseph
Johnson, jun.
)»
1864-5
Joseph
Johnson
master
1846-7
Edmond
Johnson
master
George
Twycross
warden
Henry
Flavelle, jun.
warden
Edmond
Johnson, jun.
)>
Joseph
Johnson, jun.
))
1865-6
Joseph
Johnson
master
Henry E.
Flavelle
George
Twycross
warden
1847-8
Henry
Flavelle, jun.
master
Edmond
Johnson, jun.
,,
Joseph
Johnson, jun.
warden
1866-7
Joseph
Johnson
master
Henry E.
Flavelle
,,
George
Twycross
warden
Arthur
Johnson
,,
Edmond
Johnson, jun.
,,
1848-9
Joseph
Johnson, jun.
master
1867-8
Joseph
Johnson
master
Henry E.
Flavelle
warden
Richard
Sawyer
warden
Arthur
Johnson
j^
Edward
Thompson
,,
Thomas
Brunker
^,
Edmond
Johnson, jun.
,,
1849-50
Henry E.
Flavelle
master
1868-9
Joseph
Johnson
master
Arthur
Johnson
warden
Richard
Sawyer
warden
Thomas
Brunker
Edward
Thompson
„
William H
Nelson
Edmond
Johnson, jun.
„
1 850- 1
Arthur
Johnson
master
1869-70
Joseph
Johnson
master
Thomas
Brunker
vv'arden
Richard
Sawyer
warden
William H
Nelson
Edward
Thompson
„
Theophilus
Barton
Edmond
Johnson, jun.
,,
I85I-2
Thomas
Brunker
master
1870-1
Joseph
Johnson
master
William H
Nelson
warden
Richard
Sawyer
warden
Theophilus Barton
Edward
Thompson
,,
Joseph
Johnson, jun.
.•
Edmond
Johnson, jun.
"
582

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,
LIST OF MASTERS -AND WARDENS — continued.

1871-2

Joseph

Johnson

master

1887-8

Richard

Sawyer

warden

Edward

Thompson

„

1888-9

Edmond
Johnson, jun.
)>
1872-3
Joseph
Johnson
master
1889-90
Edmond
Johnson
warden
Robert G.
Norman
,,
1890- I
Edward
Thompson
,,
After 1872 only two wardens, a senior
and a junior, were appointed.
1891-2
1873-4
Joseph
Johnson
master
Edmond
Johnson
sen. warden
1892-3
Robert
Norman
jun. warden
1874-5
Joseph
Johnson
master
Samuel
Le Bass
sen. warden
1893-4
Robert
Norman
jun. warden
1875-6
, oseph
Johnson
master
: iobert
Norman
sen. warden
1894-5
WiUiara
Lawson
jun. warden
1876-7
Joseph
Johnson
master
Robert
Norman
sen. warden
1895-6
WiUiam
Lawson
jun. warden
1877-8
Joseph
Johnson
master
Robert
Norman
sen. warden
1896-7
William
J.awson
jun. warden
1878-9
Joseph
Johnson
master
William
Lawson
sen. warden
1897-8
John
Smyth
jun. warden
1879-80 Joseph
Johnson
master
WiUiam
Lawson
sen. warden
1898-9
John
Smyth
jun. warden
1880-1
Joseph
Johnson
master
William
Lawson
sen. warden
1899
Edmond
Johnson
jun. warden
1900
1881-2
Joseph
Johnson
master
William
Lawson
sen. warden
1900-1
Edmond
Johnson
jun. warden
1882-3
Joseph
Johnson
master
William
Lawson
sen. warden
1901-2
Edmond
Johnson
jun. warden
1883-4
Edmond
Johnson
master
William
Lawson
sen. warden
1902-3
W. P.
Lewis
jun. warden
1884-5
Edmond
Johnson
master
WiUiam
Lawson
sen. warden
1903-4
W. P.
Lewis
jun. warden ,
1885-6
Edmond
Johnson
master
William
Lawson
sen. warden
1904-5
1886-7
Edmond
Johnson
master
William
Lawson
sen. warden
Edmond WiUiamEdmondWilliam
Edmond WilliamWilliamSamuelJacobWilliamSamuelJacob
Langley -A.
JacobWilliamLangley A.
WilliamJaraes E.
Langley A.
James E.
ThomasLangley A.
James E.
ThomasLangley A.
James E.
Thomas
Langley A.
James E.
Thomas
Langley A.
James E.
Thomas Langley A.
ThomasCharles
Langley A.
Thomas Charles
Langley A.
Charles
RichardLangley A.
RichardJamesLangley A.
James DanielLangley A.
DanielW. Forbes-
Johnson Lawson
Johnson Lawson
Johnson Lawson Lawson
Le Bass
FrengleyLawsonLe Bass
Frengley
West
FrengleySharland WestSharlandPimWestPim
Smyth
WestPimSmyth
WestPimSmyth
WestPim
SmythWestPimSmyth West
Smyth LambWestSmyth
LambWestLambHopkinsWest Hopkins
WallaceWestWallace MoulangWestMoulang Howie
master
sen. warden
master
sen. warden
master
sen. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
mastersen. warden
jun. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
mastersen. warden
jun. warden
mastersen. warden
jun. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
mastersen. warden
jun. warden
master sen. warden
jun. warden
master
sen. warden
jun. warden
1638-44 Will.
, /Gilbert
1644-9 I Peter Richard
1692-7 Thomas
1 697 -'36 Vincent
1736-51 WiUiam
Cooke.
Tonques &
Vaneyndhoven. Lord. Bolton.
Kidder.
-Archdall.
ASSAY MASTERS.
1751-4 John Wilme.
1754-70 William Williamson.
1770-5 William Townsend.
1775-6 Richard Forster.
1 776-'25 Thomas Nuttall.
J . (Nathan Murray.
795 ^XDeputy Assa-y Mastery
1825-33 William
Clarke.
1833-5 R-W.
Osborne.
1835-54 Edward
Murray.
1854-80 George
Twycross
i88o-go Samuel
Le Bass.
1890- '05 Sam'l. Wm.
Le Bass.
1905 AFuert A.
Le Bass.
® In 1783-4 a Statute was passed for the appointment of a Deputy Assay Master, to be "payed"
out of duty money seventy pounds a year and forty pounds to be " payed " by the Corporation as a
free gift. It was by this Act that a gold standard of 20 carats fine was established, mainly for the
accommodation of the New Geneva workmen.
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

583

CLERKS OF THE COMPANY, WITH THE DATES OF THEIR APPOINTMENT.
Each of those vi;hose names appear in the third column (from 1856 downwards) had been respectively
appointed as " Secretary of the Company."

1693.1697.1701.1709.

Nicholas Edmund
John Francis

Peters.
Butler. Seward.Andrews.

1739. Yeomans Sinclare.
1755. Noah Violas.
1767. Luke Kelly.
1772. John Robinson.

1856.1872.1S85.

Thos. Ryves
Robt. E.
J. E.
C. H.

Metcalf.
Norman.Pim.Lawson.

LIST OF FREEMEN OF THE COMPANY FROM ITS INCORPORATION IN 1637.
G.S.^goldsmith ; S.S.=silversmith ; Sp.M.=spoonmaker ; J.=jeweller ; E.=engraver ;
L.=lapidary ; W.M.^watchmaker ; W.C. M.=watch-case maker ; C.M.=clockmaker ; S.G.=seal-
graver ; d =died ; g =marked in list as gone away ; off^disappearance of name from annual lists.
When no letters follow the name it is presumed from the fact of his membership of the Goldsmith's
Company that the bearer of the name was a goldsmith.
In the great majority of instances freemen were goldsmiths or silversmiths,
although not so described in the entries, and often the business of a goldsmith or
silversmith was combined with that of jeweller, watch and clockmaker, lapidary,
&c. Many goldsmiths worked as such for several years before being made freemen
of the Company, while others were elected shortly after having completed their
apprenticeship.

Name

OF Goldsmith.

Free.

Last Notice
or Death.

Name of Cjoldsmith.

Free.

Last Notice
or Death.

ames

Acheson* G.S.

1637

Daniel

Burfeldt G.S.

1646

d 1654

. ohn

Bannister"

Daniel

fGouldlg
(BouldP

_ ohn
Burke*
,,
"
Villiam
Cooke*
,,
Joseph
Stoker(Stoaker)„
1647
1671
John
Cooke* „
,,
Nathaniel Stoughton J.
,,
off 1662
William
Crawley* ,,
„
Ambrose
FuttrellS G.S.
1648
Thomas
Duffield*
Christr.
Wright§
,,
Clement
Evans'" „
d 1654
George
Carmick§ „
1649
William
Gallant*
Thomas
Taylor§ „
I65I
George
Gallant®
„
John
Powell!
,,
Sylvanus
Glegg*
„
Stephen
Bostock
1652
d 1672
William
Hampton'-" „
,,
John
Bevan G.S.
„
d i56g
Nathanie
Stoughton* „
„
1653
Giles
Goodwin „
,,
Will.
St. Cleeref* „
„
Edward
Harris „
,,
1688
Edward
Shadesyf" „
^_
^,
Thomas
Heiden „
,,
di666
Gilbert
Tonques* „
_,
„
Arthur
Padmore§ „
,,
Matthew
Thomas*
,,
,,
John
Carr§
„
James
Vanderbegg* „
,,
1642
WiUiam
Harrison§ ,,
,,
or Vanderbeck
Francis
Harris
1653
1664
Peter
Vaneyndhoven*
„
d 1654
Robert
Thornton „
,,
1675
G.S.
John
Thornton ,,
,,
1666
John
Woodcocke* „
^,
d 1654
Edward
Burgess? ,,
,,
George
Greene S.S.
(mentd.
1638)
Ralph
Allen '
1654
1663
Daniel
Underwood
,,
Henry
Bellingham ,,
„
d i66g
Ambrose
Browne? G.S.
„
,,
Thomas
Barker
,,
gi659
Edward
Bentley§
,,
)>
James
East
,,
gi669
, ohn
More
^^
George
Hewet G.S.
,,
off 1670
srael
Aprill
1639
d 1654
Isaac
_ ohn „
,,
1675
WiUiam
Huggard G.S.
1640
off 1672
Bryan
Jughes „
,,
off 1670
David
Carny§ „
,,
Robert
Lawe ,,
,,
Daniel
Bellingham „
1644
d 1671
John
Slicer
„
1672
* Named in the charter ot 22 December, 1637.
f Sometimes written "Sinclare," more commonly "Sinclair."
t More commonly " Chadsey," sometimes " Shadsey."
§ Not in Company's list, but described as a goldsmith in list of Dublin Freemen.
584

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

LIST OF FREEMEN OF THE DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY  Continued.

Name of Goldsmith.

Free.

Last Notice
or Death,

NAh

E OF Goldsmith.

Free.

Last Notice
or Death.

Edward

South

G.S.

1654

off 1660

Will

Lucas

1672

1700

Richard

Street

j_

dl654

Thomas

Sterne G.S.

1678

Edward

Swan

^,

j^

off 1683

Elizabeth Slicer

1675

Thomas

Wale

,,

,,

1665

John

Popkins

,,

1679

David

John

,,

1655

1666

John

Powell

„

1685

Robt.

Hughes

1656
off 1662
.Andrew
Gregory
1673
d 1709
Thomas
Heydon
>)
1666
Richard
Lord, jun.
))
off 1674
Amos
Ogden§
G.S.
Samuel
Marsden
)»
off 1695
James
Heydon
,j
J,
1662
Paul
Lovelace
1674
1679
Thomas
Parnell, sen
,,
,,
1663
Thomas
Linnington
1692
John
Parnell
J,
J,
1679
Walter
Lewis
^,
off 1682
Nicholas
Seward
,,
J,
1667
George
Southwick G.S.
Edward
MasonS
,,
,,
George
Taylor j- ,,
1674
James
Lee§
,,
,,
Denis
Byrne
1675
d 1689
Theoph.
Sandford§
,,
5J
Gerrard
Grace G.S.
d 1694
Stephen
Burton
1657
g 1663
Adam
Soret
d 1723
Miles
Graham
G.S.
di665
Christr.
Palles
,^
off 1706
George
Lambert
JJ
JJ
1666
Willm.
Hewetson
1676
I'ft 1676
Richard
Lord
,,
,,
1692
WiUm.
Elphinston
1677
g 1682
George
Southaick
M
1683
John
iMartin
I'ft 1683
Charles
Butler
G.S.
1658
g 1670
John
Moseley
I'ft 1684
John
Partington
,j
1669
Will
Norton
I'ft 1679
David
Williams
G.S.
J,
off 1663
James
Ross
1679
g 1679
PhiUip
Jones
1659
1680
John
Segar G.S.
1686
Edmund
Hoyle
1667
Francis
Sherwin
g 1694
Patrick
RusseU
J,
off l66g
John
PhiUips G.S.
1703
Edward
Short
G.S.
,j
off 1667
Walter
Bingham
1680
d 1727
James
Wheatley
JJ
1674
John
Barnard
d 1681
Andrew
Edwards
G.S.
I66I
d 1663
Willm.
Keating
Francis
Coffey
1662
off 1682
Matthew
La Roche G.S.
1697
George
Taylor
JJ
d 1667
Eliz'b'th
Lovelace
off 1683
Richard
Woodcock
JJ
off 1670
James
Moseley
Thomas
Rutter
1663
g 1679
Willm.
Myers
d 1700
Timothy
Blackwood
G.S.
1664
d 1675
Francis
NeviU
1681
Abraham
Voizin (\^oyseen)
,,
1704
George
Taylor
g 1694
Robt.
Walsh
JJ
off 1677
Willm.
Archbold
1681
d 1699
Francis
Clifton
G.S.
1665
d 1667
John
Clifton G.S.
d 1726
Edmond
Coghlan
g 1681
Nathl.
Higgins
off 1695
Robt. Dillon
Nathaniel Drake
"
g 1676
g 1670
John
fO'Heime or
tO'Hem J.
„
1683
Abel [Sir]
Ram, Aldn.
1670 G.S.
••
off 1691
ThomasRichard
Somervill Archboldf G.S.
•¦
1707 1681
John
Dickson
,,
1666
d 1695
Henry
Bond
1682
i6gi
WiU
Hanway
1667
off 1672
John
Baskett
Will
Walshman
„
d 1671
John
Deane
d 1704
d 1685
Thomas
Tenant
„
1700
Will.
Dermott G.S.
John
Cope
G.S.
1668
d 1704
John
Shelley
off 1688
James
Cottingham
)»
,,
d 1702
Thomas
Goodwinf- G.S.
d 1689
George
Kirkman
,,
1674
Joshua
Cobham „
1683
d 1707
Andrew
Ram
,,
off 1683
Ebenezer
Cawdron
gi694 1695
off „
Thomas
Godfrey
1669
d 1682
George
Cartwright
John
Hyett (Hyatt)
„
off 1678
Burleigh
Cuffe
John
Cuthbert
G.S.
1670
1705
Will.
Drayton
d 1694
John
Farmer
I'ft 1680
David
Swan G.S.
off 1 7 1 2
off 1695
d 1689
d 1692
d 1694
off 1695
g 1700
g 1704
Ferdinand Matthews
1681
Nathl.
Unit
"
RichardEdward
Webb
.\shton
1671
off 1694
d 1674
John WiU.
Brearly
BiUinghurst G.S.
1684
Hugh
Joseph
Madden Stoker
G.S.
"
off 16831672
Joseph Alex.
BayleyForbes.
"
Will
Davison
1672
I'ft 1682
Benjamin
West.
"
John
Destaches
G.S.
d 1699
Henry
Chaloner
1685
James
Kelly
"
1697
John
Humphrys
§ Not in Company's list, but described as a goldsmith in list of Dublin Freemen.
T " " " " " >. ,. „ ,. ., „ „ „ District Wills.
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

585

LIST OF FREEMEN OF THE DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY — Continued.

Name of Goldsmith.

Alex. Robt.Joseph
John Joseph

MackeySmith Teate
Turner Wesencroft

Benjamin Burton
Thomas Bolton

Bryan Devine Hopkins
Rigmaiden W.M.
Welding G.S.
Tobin ,,
ElliottBuck ,,
BiUingClarke
Kidder King
Montgomery Nelthorp G.S.
W.M. G.S.

J.
G.S.

G.S.

Thomas Willm.
John Robt.Alex.
James SamuelThomasThomasJohn Henry
ThomasFloris Samuel
RichardRobert Henry

J.
G.S.

G.S.

G.S.

CM.

G.S. J.
G.S.

Free.

Last Notice
or Death.

1685

1707

)J

1720

"

d 1704

"

1688

1686

d 1727

,,

d 1736

••

g 1694

;;

off 1695

„

off 1734

,,

1705

(men

t'd 1693)

( M

1698)

1690

g 1695

,,

d 1694

„

off 1695

„

d 1735

,,

1736

,,

off 1696

,,

1695

M

1715

,,

1722

1693

1700

„

off 1695

,,

off 1752

M

1710

1694

d 1733

JJ

1708

„

g 1712

,,

1718

„

1694

,,

1700

,,

off 1737

if^95

d 1722

M

d 1714

J,

1719

1696

,,

1709

1706

1697

d 1714

"

d 1717

1698

g 1704

1699

g 1724

,.

1709

„

1705

„

1723

1700

d 1707

,,

1733

1701

d 1725

„

g 1705

,,

1710

1702

d 1722

'•

off 1729

,,

g 1705

„

d 1704

ArthurPeterRobt.Robt.JamesPeterThornas .\dam
John SamuelVincentDavidGeorge HenryAbraham Soret
Joseph Walker
Michael Haines
Conway Mace
Edward Slicer
Benjamin Pemberton
Nicliolas Pontaine
Brown Berry.
Harris Ince
SinclairThompsonWilder ParkerBilling
f Gerrard or
^Garrett SherwinDesbrough Six Berry (descr'bedasG.S.)
Grosvenor Whitfield®Irelandl
Christian Waggoner
James Byrne
Thomas Meakins
Cyriac Mallory
Benjamin Racine
Anthony Donoe
John Matthews
Peter Baullier§
.'Ahasuerus Hartwick
Will. Skinner
Edward Barrett „
John Cuthbert, jun. „
John Gregory J.
Christr. Hartwick G.S.
Will. Palmer
Not in Company's list of Freemen, but described as a goldsmith in St. Werburgh I^ecords.
t „ „ „ ' ., .. „ ,. >. .. " >• „ list of Dublin District WUls,
+ „ „ „ ,, „ ,, „ mentioned as such in Company's journals.
§ Also written Bolio and Beaulieu.

Name of Goldsmith.

Free.

Last Notice
or Death.

Edward

Workman

G.S.

1702

1719

WiUm.

Archdall

,,

1704

d 1751

Joseph

Blundell

CM,

d 1732

John

Crampton

J,
Mortagh
Dowling
W,M.
J,
Francis
Girard
G,S,-
„
"d 1710
John
Paturle
J.
JJ
d 1721
("Served" in France.^
George
Parker
n
John
Pennyfathei
G.S,
,,
g 1721
Thomas
Racine
JJ
John
Sterne
J,
JJ
Robt,
Cuffe
G,S.
1705
g 1727
Phillip
Tough
JJ
)'
1714
George
Lyng
1706
Edward
Sweetman
„
off 1728
Henry
Matthews
G.S,
n
1712
Benjamin
Condart
1707
Erasmus
Cope
J.
d 1748
Christr,
Kindt
JJ
1720
Benjn,
Mountjoy
G.S,
„
1714
John
Pallet
,,
>»
j ran away,
I 1718 "
1752
Daniel
Pineau
J,
^J
John
Whitefield
G,S,
11
1712
Francis
Humphrey
1 70S
off 1735
Peter
Lemaistre
W,M.
JJ
off 1719
Willm.
Barry
1709
Stephen
Golding
d 1716
John
Hamilton
G.S.
,,
off 1751
Arthur
Weldon
„
d 1760
John
Burton
W.M.
I7IO
Abraham Barboult
^^
„
d 1751
Edward
Hall
,,
off 1728
James
Somervill
,,
g 1727
Henry
DanieU
G.S,
1711
di738
Charles
Norton
„
)»
1724
Richard
BakerJ
„
(men
t'd 1725)
Martin
Billing
J,
1712
Will
Patten
d 1717
Richard
EycottJ
S.S,
(men
t'di7i2)
Andrew
Ross:j:
G.S,
( ..
1719)
George
LennanJ
J,
( ..
•. )
Thomas
Bellingham
1713
Matthew
Darousseau
G,S,
Daniel
Washburn
W.M,
„
Bolton
Cormick
1714
James
Mackey
g 1727
Michael
Read
J,
,,
1732
Thomas
Walker
G,S,
,,
1776
George
Farrington:
JJ
(men
t'd 1717)
Richard
ArchboldJ
JJ
( ..
.. )
James
Champion
J.
1715
d 1719
Thomas
Cope
d 1739
Robert
Forbes
G.S.
,,
d 1718
Peter
Gervais
,,
J,
d 1730
Edmond
Sturgys
J,
off 1751
Mark
Twelves
,,
,,
off 1744
WUliam
WalshJ
J,
(men
t'd 1733)
George
BerfordJ
,,
( .,
1734)
John
GilesJ
,,
( ..
1735)
John
Barry
L.
1716
d 1719
586

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

LIST OF FREEMEN OF THE DUBLIN

GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY-

-continued.

Nam

E OF Goldsmith.

Free.

Last Notice
or Death,

Name of Goldsmith,

Free.

Last Notice
or Deatli,

Thomas

Deane

1716

d 1716

F'rancis

WiUiamson

1730

John

Hodgkinson

,,
d 1720
Isaac
D'Olier G,S,
1731
d 1779
PhiUp
Kinnersley
J,
off 1742
John
Gumley „
)'
1739
WiU.
Proctor
,,
g 1729
Anthony
Lefebure
1737
Matthew
Walker
G.S.
JJ
d 1760
Barth.
Popkins ,
J,
off 1741
John
WiUiamson
))
,j
1734
Kirk
Ryves
JJ
g 1731
Benjamin Beauvais
))
1717
Michael
Smith
1732
1754
Edward
Noah
Loftus
Vialas
M
off 17181774
Peter
Usher
/g abroad
\ 1750
WiUm.
Aicken
,,
1718
g 1722
Peter
Verdon
,,
John
Barrett
J,
<^ 1755
John
Wilme G,S,
^_
1754
James
BoUegne
,j
g 1720
Thomas
Blundell CM.
1733
d 1774
Thomas
Crampton
W.M.
,, ,
d 1751
Thomas
Parsons G.S.
d 1759
John
Drew
,,
g 1720
Charles
Smith CM.
„
d 1743
John
Freeze
,,
g 1749
Francis
Gore G.S.
(men
t'd 1745)
Will.
Streeter
,,
1732
Barth.
Mosse „
1734
1751
John
Clifton, jun
G.S.
I7I9
off 1751
WiU.
Reily
off 1739
John
Taylor
JJ
off 1740
Edward
Tench
),
John
Bradley
J.
1720
d 1728
Burton
Wright G.S.
(men
t'd 1751)
Thomas
Sutton
1744
WiUm.
Aldridge (Aldn.)
1735
Matthew
Wilson
G.S.
,,
1731
John
Broadhurst
d 1755
Simon
Young
J,
off 1739
James
Douglas G.S.
off 1768
Martin
Kirkpat'k
W.M.
1721
1769
Richard
Forster J.
John
Mitchell
g 1727
Charles
Hunter G.S.
1739
John
Frebough
1722
g 1748
Charles
Lemaitre
))
1741
John
King
J.
,,
d 1727
Daniel
Onge J.
1782
WiUm.
Doogan
1723
g 1727
Henry
Sadire
John
Fenny
CM.
,,
John
Walker
Robt.
Harrison
,,
g 1723
John
Banks G.S.& W.M.
off 1743
Charles
Leslie
G.S,
,,
1757
David
Bomes G.S. & J,
d 1787
Mark
Martin
„
off 1735
Spranger
Barry
1736
off 1745
WiU.
Smith
)i
,,
1728
John
Brooks E.
off 1746
off 1772
Henry
Wilme
,,
,,
1740
Vere
Forster G.S.
Robt.
Aicken
,,
1724
g 1728
Robt.
Glanville
off 1762
Will.
Challenor
,j
Thomas
Isaac G.S.
„1749
off 1743
WiU.
Sutton
)>
1733
Christr.
McCarthy
Thomas
Wheeler
W,M,
„
g 1729
Nathaniel Pearson
Morris
Nash
1725
g 1732
Alexr.
Richards
d 1768
d 1763
Charles
Prendergast
G.S.
g 1732
Solomon
Savage G.S.
Peter
Racine
J.
„
g 1729
Philip
Simms
off 1749
Will.
Sinclaire
,,
,.
1779
Christr,
Skinner G.S.
1780
Will.
Stopleare
,,
1740
Will.
Townsend „
di775
off 1737
Richard
Workman
G.S.
,,
off 1736
Adam
Teate
James
Whitthorne
,,
,,
1779
John
Letablere L.
1737
Dd. Alex
Brown
1726
off 1 740
Thomas
De Limarest J.
1738
Robt.
Billing
J.
J,
d 1754
Philip
Portal
g 1739
Will.
Swift
,,
g 1727
Deacon
Standish
1790
Thomas
Williamson
G.S,
J,
1740
Yeomans
Sinclaire
Will.
Williamson
,,
,,
17S2
Christr.
Locker
1739
17511781176S
1768
Edward
Adams
1727
James
Vidouze J.
Robt.
Calderwooc
,,
d 1756
John
Whitshed J.
''
Roger
Finch
,,
off 1753
Will.
Wilson G.S.
Jasper
Graddell
,,
1733
Thomas
Borr
1741
off 1745
d 1763
t'd 1758)
d 1746
d 1761
Michael
Hewetson
J,
1728
Michael
Connor
Robt.
King
M
Peter
Painter G.S.
(men
John Richard
Slicer Eaton
G,S,
1728
Willm.James
Bonynge J.
Champion
1742
John
Moore
,,
,,
1767
Clotw'thy O'Neal I
Will.
Fawcett
1729
d 1763
Jonathan
Ruston
off 1769
d 1759
John Daniel
TaylorWalker
n
g 1732
MatthiasDaniel
Brown S.S.
Walker
1743
WiU.Fleetw'd
Currie Daniel
"
1730
d 1772
MervynEneas
Archdall
M'Phearson G.S.
1744
AndrewFrancis
GoodwinMcManus
"
,,
1787
George
Jonathan
Beere Thomas
1745
d 1797
off 1748
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

587

LIST OF FREEMEN OF THE DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY — Continued,

Name

OP Goldsmith,

Free.

Last Notice
or Death.

Na.me

of Goldsmith,

Free,
1761

Last Notice
or Death.

William

Walsh* G,S,

1745

d 1755

John

Douglas

d 1779

Isaac

Parker*

d 1756

Adam

Fraigneau L,

d 1766

Robt..

Pearson

1746

1798

John

Harrison

Henry
Archdall
1747
d 1790
Francis
Jones G.S.
d 1765
Charles
Darragh G,S.
Robt.
Murray
d 1786
Nathan
Murray, sen. „
))
1772
Will.
Minemey
off 1789
Edward
Raper „
JJ
d 175s
John
Pringle
Benjamin
Stokes
))
1771
Will.
I^ichards G.S.
James
Bloxham „
1748
d 1751
George
Wilme J.
1780
Thomas
Croker
))
Thomas
Cooksey
1762
d 1775
Daniel
O'Neill
George
Clarke S.G.
1792
WUl.
Savile
JJ
d 1761
Abraham
Davis
off 1764
Giles
Roberts* G.S.
d 1761
Alexr.
Gordon W.M,
1787
Peter
Wingfield „
JJ
1777
Thomas
Hagarty L.
Mar'duke Webb
JJ
John
Karr G.S. & J.
1778
Thomas
Green
1749
1757
WiU
Nugent G.S.
1807
Edward
Lord J.
1790
Will
Raymond W.M.
Fleetwo'd Powell
JJ
d 1763
John
Shields G.S.
1784
James
Templeton
J,
John
West
d 1805
James
Wyer G.S.
JJ
1767
Isaac
D'Olier, jun. J.
1763
Thomas
Burton „
1750
d 1784
WiUm.
Cordner
1764
William
Betagh
1751
d 1770
John
Dawson
Michael
Fowler G.S.
Thomas
Hammersley G.S,
1765
d 1784
John
Loughlin Sp.M.
,J
1773
Richard
Sliaw „
1781
Nicholas
Le Maistre
,,
George
Campbell „
1766
d 1789
Edward
Mockler G.S.
»>
1786
John
Ebbs W.M.
Thomas
Shepherd ,,
d 1765
John
Houston „
Arthur
Annesley „
1752
d 1795
David
Karr J.
Robt.
B'isher J.
Richard
Laughlin G.S,
George
Murphy G.S.
M
1757
Thomas
Nuttall
d 1825:!:
Daniel
McNeil
1789
John
Sherwin „
1783
Gray
TownsendW.CM.
JJ
1757
Will
Smith
1776
James
Warren G.S.
JJ
1789
Benj amir
Slack
1771
Richard
Williams „
])
1798
Ezekl. G.
Townsend „
1782
Will.
Wilme
1774
James
Fulton J.
1767
d 1791
Samuel
Walker*
d 1773
Willm.
Hughes G.S,
1791
Michael
Cormick*' „
d 1780
WiU.
Moore J.
di82i
Henry
BiUing J.
1753
di77o
Oliver
Moore
1784
Henry
Cullen
Ebenezer
Orr J.
„
Joseph
Cullen G.S.
^J
off 1767
David
Peter G.S,
1806
Owen
Cassidy • „
,^
di8i6
Robt.
BiUing
1768
di8i2
Richard
Keightley
,1
1776
Ambrose
Boxwell G,S,
di823
Richard
Sonley W.M.
„
Wm.
Beere
di784
WiU.
Steele G.S.
^^
1776
J. Moses
Dufour J.
di8o3
John
Wilme
d 1774
Francis N. Gervais
di786
Robert
Mirfieldt
di77i
Richard
Graham
Thomas
Greenf „
di783
Richard
Harrison G,S.
1790
Joseph
Thompson
1754
1782
John
Lloyd „ 1
d 1821
Benjamin Wilson „
1797
John
Laughlin „ „
di8i3
Daniel
Savile
1755
1805
Henry
Nicholson ,,
„
Richard
Tudor
1801
Thomas
Proctor J.
„
1770
Henry
John
Waldron
'I
d 1814
Poole
Taylor
,,
di8oi
Pittar G.S.
1756
1757
George
Wilkinson G.S,
„
1779
John
St, John
1795
Patrick
Walsh J.
,,
di8i4
Thomas
Williamson G.S.
^^
William
Bate
1769
di783
Joseph
Bridgman „
1758
d 1761
John
Craig G.S.
,,
d „
Nathan
Murray, jun. „
>)
1803
George
Furnace W.M.
,,
John
Sherwin
1773
Charles
Stokes i.
„
1789
John
Locker G.S.
1759
d 1825
WiU.
Supple G.S.
„
1794
Joseph Daniel
Nixon J.
1803
Matthew
West, sen. ,,
,,
1805
Popkins G.S.
JJ
1775
Jeremiah
D'Olier
1770 1 d 1816
WiUm.
Barry J.
I76I
Barthw.
Delandre
"
1 off 1825
* Not in Company's lists, but described as a goldsmith in list of Dublin Prerog. Wills.
+ „ „ „ „ ,, >. !. .1 " Dublin District Wills,
+ T,' NuttaU made no plate' during'the period in which he was assay master, 1776-1825.
^88

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,

LIST OF FREEMEN OF THE DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS' CO.MPANY — Continued,

Nam

E of Goldsmith

Robt.

Field

E.

James

Holmes

J.

Charles

Townsend

G,S,

Alexr.

Christie

W.M.

Isaac

Fraigneau

Darby

Kehoe

G.S,

Thos, E,

Strahan

J,

Charles

Wright

G.S.

John

Clarke

G.S.

Hugh

Cunningham

W.M.
Will.
Osborne
Jonathan
Robinson
J.
Samuel
Teare
G.S.
Gordon
Whitthorne\\\M,
William
Whitthorne
John
Wade
J.
George
Beere, jun.
Samuel
Bermingham ,, I
Arthur
Clarke
G.S.
WiU.
Piers
G. Davis
Sherry
Thomas
Jones
G.S.
Arthur
Keen
William
Law
John
Martin
William
Ward
Robt.
Dent
Lawrence Fowler
Richard
Fowler
Joseph
Jackson
John
Wilson
Richard
Beere
George
Forster
John
Kelly
J.
Will.
Morrison
John
O'Neill
W.M.
William
Power
WiU.
Bridgman
G.S.
George
Harkness
Samuel
Close
J.
Daniel
Beere
Peter
Warren
WUl.
Sherwin
Joshua
Adamson
G.S,
John
Pittar
Solomon
Williams
Will.
Beere
Edward
Boyce
G.S.
James
/McKay or
iM'Coy
Robert
Breading
G.S.
Richard
Fitzsimmons I
Richard
Gibbings
WiU,
Skinner
John
Franks
Gore
Sherwin
J.
Jacob
West
Benjamii
Wilson, jun
.
Edward
Rice
G.S.
Henry
Wilme
Thomas
Wilson
Garrett
English
G.S.
Joseph
Ridley
„
John
Austin
1770
Last Notice
or Death.
1772
1773
1774
1776
17771778
17791780
17811782
1783
1785
d 1809
1784
di8oidi786
di798
di776
di8i3
1790
di8i2
di8ig di826
17901835
di8o2
di82i
1779
17941803
di8i7di820
dl822
di826
di798 1807
1809
di8o7
diSo9
di794
1806
di8o4 1798
di82i
di828
off 1837
di823
di825
d 1823
di853
d 1791
off 1807
d 1822
d 1798
d 1821
d 1793
d „
1803
d 1824
d 1853
d 1815
d 1818
di843d 1791
d 1810
Name of Goldsmith.
John
JohnJohn
John David
John
John Thomas
RobertWill,Thomas
Thos.
Dalrymple
Keene Moore
NuttaU Peter
Rice
Stoyte Taylor
WilliamsKeeneBridgman
Walsh
Walter B. Nugent
JohnJohn Denis
George Humph'y
WalterEdward
Powell
Moore, jun.
M'Owen
West Byrne
PeterSupple
Thomas Higginson
George Edward
SamuelAnthony
JosephJohn Matt.
Willm. Will.
Robt.Oliver
Jacob John Jos.
Thos. A.
Richard Alfred
JamesJohnJohn
John John Francis
Wm. Hy.
John
JohnNicholasJoseph JohnWill.GeorgePaskThos.WULliichard Henry
George Hy. Dd.
Peter
John Edward .'Arthur
ConnorEgertonNevillWillis
Johnston Teare
West, jun.
ClarkeDelandreTurner MooreWest, jun.
Peter Harrison
Whitford Delessart Thorpe
Lloyd, jun,
TudorTownsend BoxwellBoxwellTownsend
West, jun.
WardFell
Johnson Pittar, jun.
Morgan
Warner Pittar Gonne
PeterSawyer
Nixon FiveyPeterTurpin Twycross
Kevill
O'Neal
S,S.& W.M G.S.
J.
G.S. J.
G.S.
Free.
Last Notice
or Death.
1789
1790
17911792
d 18231807
d 179S
d 1790
d 1821
1805
d 1825
d 1846
d 1800
off 1808
f abroad
\
G.S,
1793
1794
G.S.
1795
k
1796
G.S.
1798
G.S.
17991801
1802
CM,
))
G,S.
1803
1804
18051806
1807
1808
18321837
1802
louy
18281817
1845
1838
f struck off
I 1803
di837
d 1851
d 1848
d 1820
d 1828
off „
d 1818
d 1845
to 1855
off 1815
d 1846
d 1824
off 1832
off „
di853
d 1838
to 1855
to „
to 1810
di853
off 1836
d 1823
d 1809
to 1855
to „
to „
d 1820
to 1855
d 1844
d 1825
d 1812
offi8i5 d 1812
d 1820
Thc Dublin Goldsmiths' Company,

LIST

OF FREEMliN

OF THE DUBLIN

GOLDSMITHS

COMPANY—

-continued.

Name of

Goldsmith,

Free.

Last Notice
or Death.

Namk of

Goldsmith.

Free,

Last Notice
or Death.

Sarah J.

Pittar

1808

Stephen

Cox

1827

Will.

Mossop

1809

d 1826

Jonathan

Osborne

1828

' Richard

Gaskin

1810

d 1821

James

Fray

1829

d 1842

Matthew

Law

,j

to 1855

John

Laing

,,

d 1847

Henry

Rook

,,

Richard
Sawyer
1830
W. Deane
Stubbs
,,
Henry
West
))
Thos.
Manning
»)
d 1853
James
WiUis
Henry
Manning
John
Sawyer
'1
George
Beere, jun.
1812
John H.
Hogan
183I
di853
John
Keene
,,
d 1828
Edward
Twycross
JJ
d 185 1
John
Browne
JJ
d 1847
James
Bourne
1833
John
Sherwin
JJ
d 1820
George
Twycross
1835
Edward
Murray
,j
di853
Chas,
Kevill
R. W.
Osborne
,j
d 1834
Richard
Williams
„
d 1835
Thos.
Turpin
1813
d 1818
Oliver
Moore
^^
Isaac
Hinds
,_
d 1849
W.H.
Sherwin
John
Corry
1814
di853
WiU.
West
Edward
Murphy
^,
Richard
Sherwin
1836
Poole
Taylor
,,
F. E.
Gibbon
1837
John
Teare, jun.
mr 1885
A.B.
Keene
David T.
Peter
i8i6
John
Moore
Edward
Power
,,
d 1846
Joseph
Pointz
)>
J. W. C
Peter
„
Henry
FlaveUe
John
Gaskin
d 1834
Rich'd Edw'd
Keene
1838
H. Thos.
Gonne
,,
Thos. Ryves
Metcalf
WiU.
Gainsford
1817
Will.
Logan
_^
James
Moore
1818
d 1849
Will. Henry
Stanford
R. W.
Smith
^^
John
Ward
1839
George
Connor, jun.
^,
Richard
Richardson
"
Samuel
Beere
1,
d 1818
Edward
Murray, jun.
Josiah
Low
1819
d 1846
Chas. Mat'w.
West
1840
John
Wade
1820
James
McCord
^^
I^'orward
Rumley
Thos.
Clarke
J. F.
.Sherwin
1822
Alfred
De Lessart
Edward
Thompson
^_
Chas. G,
De Lessart
John
Warren
di845
Arthur
\ ohnson
1843
James
Le Bass
1824
d „
Joseph
^ ohnson, jun.
Starkey
Doyle
d „
Edward
Quigley
,,
B.S.
Brunton
,,
Henry
I'lavelle, jun.
,,
Henry
Beere
„
Thos,
Smyth
1844
WiU,
McOuestion
,,
Thos,
Smith
H.W.
Teare
^_
Thos,
,4yre
^^
James
Wickham
1825
Will, Henry
Finlay
1845
James
Johnson
„
Thos,
Brunker
Edmond
Johnson
,^
Matthew
Powell
W.J.
Whitehorne
Theophilus
Barton
Gordon
Whitehorne
Henry E,
FlaveUe
Henrv
Whitehorne
^^
Wm, Horatio
Nelson
Walter
.Askin
1826
Walter
Askins
1847
The books of the Company contain lists of its Freemen compiled as late as the year 1855, '^"t
the lists of later date than 1847 consist of repetitions of the names of goldsmiths on whom the
freedom of the Company had been conferred in 1847 and earlier years, and no record has been found
of any goldsmith having been admitted as a freeman between 1847 and 1855 ; about forty years
ago the term " member" was adopted instead of "freeman." The company now consists of twenty-
five "members," including the master and two wardens.
In the above list, and in the list of goldsmiths compiled from directories and other sources, there
are a few names which appear more than once — a nuraber of years generaUy intervening between
the dates of the respective entries. In those cases, as it is not known whether the repeated name was
that of the same or a different person, the repetitions have been allowed to stand, because in manv
instances a father, son, and other relative — sometimes also strangers in blood — have borne a name
identical with that of the person to whom the earliest record pertained.
590

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES TO DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS
FROM THE YEAR 1632.
The foUowing list of apprentices extends over a period of nearly two hundred years and will be
found of considerable service in ascertaining the names of the makers of Dublin plate of the
seventeenth, eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth centuries. It will also— to a limited extent
— afford assistance in fixing the approximate date of much of the plate wrought in Dublin in the
eighteenth century on which no date-mark appears.
Each apprentice was bound for a term — seven years as a rule — to a master who engaged to teach
him the art or mystery of the goldsmith. The dates which appear in the following list are the dates
of the comraencement of the apprenticeship, and no apprentice could have worked as a master-
goldsmith before the expiration of the term for which he had been bound. As a rule, a date seven
years subsequent to that appearing before his name in the list would be the earliest year in which he
could legally have stamped his mark on plate, the latest being, of course, the last of his working life.
It must, however, be borne in mind that in a few instances the business of a goldsmith has been
continued by his widow who perhaps for a few years used her deceased husband's mark.
It is interesting to note that the names of many appearing in the following list as apprentices, .
recur periodically in later years as master-goldsmiths to whom in turn other apprentices were bound.
The names of many may also be traced in this and the accompanying lists through the various stages
of " apprentice," " goldsraith," " freeman of the Goldsmiths' Company " and " warden," to
" master of the Company."
Note. — The entries in this list are not all in strict chronological order, but are printed as they
occur in the volume from which they are taken. It seeras that in some cases the indenture of
apprenticeship was not brought to the Company's Hall for enrolment immediately after the
apprentice was bound, but that as many as six years were sometimes allowed to elapse between the
signing of the indenture and enrolment, which, however, except in the case of immigrants, appears to
have been a necessary preliminary to ultimate recognition as a "goldsmith." When the indenture
had been produced, it was the date of its execution, and not of its production, which was recorded,
and that is the reason why some of the entries are out of chronological order.
G.S.=goldsmith ; W.M.=watchraaker ; J.=jeweller ; L.^lapidary.

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

NAME OF PARENT.

MASTER

TO WHOM BOUND.

1632

Thomas

Penn.

Humphrey Penn.

Clement Evans.

1637

Daniel

Bellingham.

Robt. Bellingham.

Peter

Vaneyndhoven.

Daniel

Bould,

Peter Bould, of Chester.

John

Woodcock.

Peter

Hacket.

Will. Hacket, of Preston.

George

Gallant.

1639

Will

Culme.

Will. Culme.

Edward

Bentley.

1640

Joseph

Stoker.

Thos. Stoker, of Drogheda.

Gilbert

Tonques.

1641

Roger

Pointon.

Edward Pointon, of Chester.

James

Vanderbeck.

1643

John

Kinge.

John Kinge, of Edenderry.

DanieU
f Daniel
^John

Bellingham. Burfelt

1640

Thomas

Taylor.

Thomas Tailor, of Bellturbet, co. Ca\'an.

transferred to

Williams.
1644
John
Parnell.
Orphan of the Sittye of Dublin.
'Ihos.
Parnell.
1646
Thos.
Hall.
Orphan of the Sittye of Dublin.
Daniel
Burfelt.
Benjamir
1 Baysatl.
Benjamin Baysatt.
Peter
Vaneyndhoven.
1647
Francis
Coffee.
Patrick Coffee, deed.
Robert
Coffee.
1656
John
East.
John East, watchmaker, London.
Daniel
Bellingham.
1653
Edwd.
Meredith.
Eliz. Meredith, Dublin, widow.
John
Thornton.
1654
James
KeaUy.
Philip Keally, Limerick, merchant.
'ohn
Slicer.
1662
George
Benson .
Geo. Benson, co. Kerry, gent.
, ohn
Thornton.
1654
Nathaniel Withers.
Robert
Lawe.
1655
Thoraas
Castle
Robert
Lawe.
(signed Cashell).
1654
Edmond
Coghlan.
Daniel Coghlan, of Barony of Garrycastle.
King's County, gent.
Isaac
John.
1666
Richard
Lord.
Richard Lord.
Isaac
John.
1655
Edmond
Palmer
Emanuel Palmer, Ballyturlagh, co. Ros
Edwd.
Swan.
(ran away June, 1657).
common, gent.
1656
Wm.
Williams.
Robert Williams, late of Dublin, iron
worker.
Nich.
Seward.
Wm.
Harborne.
Wra. Harborne, Dublin, gent.
John
Parnell.
1660
Wm.
Trevis.
Wm. Trevis, late of Dublin, gent.
Geo.
Lambert.
1663
David
Aickin.
(br. of Robert Aickin, merchant.)
Geo.
Lambert.
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

591

ENROLMENTS OF .APPRENTICES — continued.

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

1658 1659166016581664 16651666 1667

1676

1675
16761675
1676 1677 16781677167516781679

Chas. Brackenberry.
Hugh Hughes.
Valentine Hammond.
Thos. Doran.
Andrew Presland.
Lancelott Brauthwaite.

Joseph Thos.
SamuelJohnWalterJohn Thos.Walter

Stoker.Rutter.Marsden. PhiUips.
Lewis. Moore.
Linnington.Lloyd.

Richd. St. Lawrence.

.A.bm.

Blanchard.

1670

John

Clifton.

1673

Walter

Bingham.

Sainuel

Peirson.

(ran away)

Edmond

Coffey.

John
Baskett.
1672
John
Deane.
1674
Wm.
Dermott.
John
Mosely.
1673
Fras.
Nevill.
Thos.
Tennant.
1674
Stephen
Marmion.
1672
John
Segar.
1674
Thos.
Bradshaw
1675
Wm.
Close.
1676
Benj.
West.
Ebenezer
Cawdron.
1674
John
Shelley.
1675
John
Bennett.
David
Sibbald.
David
SWe
John Bulkeley.
Thos. Yeates.
Joseph Bayly.
James Walsh.
Ben. Geo.
Wm.
Chas.
Joseph Thos.
John Ezekiel Henry
JohnThos.Burley
Benj. Michael
Breviter. Cartwright.
Drayton.
Wilton.Wesencroft. Bolton.
Turner.Bourne. Chabenor.Ebzery.
Osborn. Cuffe.
Burton.Haynes.
NAME OF PARENT.
M.ASTER TO WHOM BOUND,
John Brackenberry, Dublin, gent.
Elizabeth Hughes, Holyhead, widow.
Henry Hammond, of Preston, deed.
Chas. Doran, maltster, deed.
Richard Presland, of Issaroyd, co,
Denbigh, gent,, deed.
i Anthony Brauthwaite, Lamplouth,
Cumberland, yeoman,
Jos, Stoker.
Thos. Rutter.
Samuel Marsden, Dublin, tallow chandler.
Griffantius Phillips, Gloucester, gent.
Thos. Lewis, Dublin, joiner.
Thomas Moore.
Geo. Linnington, late of Wexford, deed.
Jenkin Lloyd, D.D., Treaprise, Pembroke
shire.
Richard St. Lawrence, l^athenie, co.
Dublin, gent.
Isaac Blanchard, Rowslouch, co. Worces
ter, gent.
Francis Clifton, goldsmith, deed.
Walter Bingham, DubUn, gent.
John Peirson, late of Cominstown, co.
Westmeath, gent. deed.
Edmond Coffey, Ballykeran, co. Westmeath,
deed.
Thos. Tennant.
Richard Segar, elk.
E. Bradshaw, Woodstock, co. Kildare, gent
Wm. Close, Lisburn, Esq., deed.
Thos. West, Belgeight, co. Meath, gent.
Geo. Cawdron, Dublin, gent.
Jno. Shelley, Ratoath, gent.
Jno. Bennett, Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire.
Henry Sibbald, Carrickmcroe, co.Wicklow,
gent., deed.
John Swan, Baldwinstown, co. Wexford,
Esq., deed.
Wm. Bulkeley, Anglesey, N.W., gent,
Thos, Yeates, Dublin, vintner, deed.
Jos. Bayly, Casterton, Cumberland, apo
thecary, deed.
Edmd. Walsh, Shanganoth, co. Dublin.
gent., deed.
Richard Breviter, Norwich, elk., deed.
 Cartwright; deed.
Roger Wilton, Curglass, co. Cavan, gent.
Ralph Wesencroft, Dublin, hammerman.
Henry Bolton, Ratoath, elk.
John Turner, Dublin, periwig maker.
John Bourne, physician.
Tho. Chabenor, Dublin, deed.
Thos.
Barker.
Rt,
Thornton.
Geo.
Southicke.
Miles
Graham.
Tho.
Parnell.
Ed.
Swan.
Jos.
Stoker.
Thos.
Rutter.
Timy.
Blackwood.
Abm.
Voysin,
Edmd.
Coghlan.
Abel
Ram.
Abel
Ram.
John
Dickson.
Tho.
Godfrey.
Isaac
John,
John
Cope.
Ed.
Ashton,
Tim.
Blackwood.
Fras.
Coffee.
Abm,
Voysin,
Paul
Lovelace.
John
Cope.
Isaac
John
Jas.
Cottingham.
1 hos.
Tennant.
Abel
Ram.
Tho.
Sterne.
John
Hiett.
Tho.
Sterne
John
Farmer.
Jas.
Kelly.
Tim.
Blackwood.
John
Popkins.
Samuel
Marsden.
Abm,
Voysin.
Walter
Lewis.
Christr,
Palles,
Paul
Lovelace
Dennis
Bryne.
Abm,
Voisin.
Jas.
Cottingham,
Andrew
Gregory.
Jas.
Cottingham.
Adam
Sorett.
Gerard
Grace.
John
Martin,
John
Martin,
Geo.
Sowthaick.
Samuel
Marsden.
John
Cope.
Abel
Ram.
Abel
Ram.
John
Powell.
592

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

ENROLMENTS OF .APPRENTICES — continued.

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

NAME OF PARENT.

MASTER TO WHOM BOUND.

1673 Wm. Kea tinge,
1679 Thos. Bayly,
Geo. Thornton.
Geo. Newbold.
1675 John Brearley,
1678 Wm, Mainwaring,
1679 John Billing,
Timothy Charnock.

1677

John

Nowlan.

1679

Arthur

Bryne.

1680

Chas,

Dan ter.

1679

James

WiUoe.

1680

Steph,

Shatling.

1678

Joseph

Whitechurch,

1680

Oliver

Nugent,

1681

Henry

Moore,

1680

John

Webb,

1681

Geo,

Stewart.

John

Peryman,

Thos.

Meekins,

Christr.

Fitzgerald,

Walter
Dougherty.
1682
Walter
Fitzgerald.
1681
James
Moussoult.
1683
Samuel
Clarke.
1682
Wm.
Ormsby.
1683
Alex.
Dickson.
1678
Joseph
Teate.
1680
Geo.
Montgoraerie
1681
David
King.
1683
Wm.
Pridliam.
I68I
Joseph
Chiven,
John
McLaughlin,
Wra.
Stockley,
1683
Samuel
John,
Samuel
Wilder,
Joseph
Walker,
John
PoweU,
Robert
Sheilds,
1685
Joseph
Malbon,
1684
Robert
MoUineux.
1685
John
Harlin,
1684
Alex.
Tweedy,
1685
Wm.
Price,
1686
John
Martin,
Isaac
Dawson,
1685
Isaiah
Grosvenor,
1686
Robert
Ince.
Conway
Mace.
Patrick
Cadell.
I68I
Francis
Bovet.
1687
Alex.
Sinclare.
1685
. ohn
Ward.
1686
John
Bennett,
1690
Jas.
Kinnier.
1685
Anthony
Stanley.
(br. to Oliver Keatinge, Dublin, gent.)
Francis Newbold, Ballyfinnen, Oueen's co.,
gent.
John Brearley, Dublin, gent.
Wra. Mainwaring, Athy, gent,
John BiUing, Kingstowne, gent.
Geo, Charnock, Gallygallerie, Oueen's co,,
farmer,
Patrick Nowlan, Dublin, tailor.
Barn. Bryne, Colebuck, co. Westmeath,
Esq., deed.
Son-in-law to John Durey, Limerick, gent.
Daniel Shatling, Dublin, merchant.
Jos. Whitechurch, Dublin, deed.
Nich. Nugent, Castledelvin, co.Westmeath,
gent., deed,
Nich. Moore, Ardestown, co. Louth, Esq.,
deed.
Richd, Webb, Kilkenny, gent,, deed.
Jas. Stewart, Newry, gent., deed.
Geo. Peryman, gent., deed.
John Meekins, Dublin, blacksraith, deed.
Richard Fitzgerald, Rathrone, co. Meath,
Esq,, deed.
Daniel Dougherty.
Thos. Fitzgerald, gent,
Henry Clarke, Belfast, innkeeper,
Wm, Ormsby, Grange, eo. Roscommon,
gent.
Archibald Dickson, Tourland, Scotland,
gent.
Joseph Teate, Dean of Kilkenny, deed
 Montgomery, deed.
James King, gent.
Wm. Pridham.
James Chiven, Drogheda, merchant.
Phelim McLaughlin, Dublin, butcher.
Tho. Stockley, Liverpool, innholder.
Isaac John, Dublin, jeweller, deed.
Mathew Wilder, Carlingford, gent,
John Walker, Dublin, weaver, deed.
Robert Powell, gent,
Robert Sheilds, gent.
Samuel Malbon, London, elk., deed.
Richard MoUineux, Newhall, in Darby,
Lane., gent.
Edmd. Harlin, Dublin, innholder.
Patrick Tweedy, Dublin, gent.
Lewis Price, Dublin, shoemaker.
Thos. Martin, Rabuck, co. Dublin, gent.
John Dawson, Heaton Rhodes, Lane.,
weaver, deed.
Francis Grosvenor, Dublin, brewer,
Robert Ince, Dublin, haberdasher,
Elizabeth Berry, Dublin,
Richard Cadell, Dublin, baker.
Elias Bovet, Rochelle, I-'rance, merchant.
Wm. Sinclare, Belfast, merchant,
Wm, Ward, Dublin, butcher.
John Bennett, DubUn, victualler.
(br. of William Kinnier, elk.)
Chr. Stanley, Drogheda, merchant.
Rd. Webb.
Thos. Godfrey.
Jas, Kelly.
Walter Lewis.
Tho. Linnington.
Adam Sorett.
John Mosely.
John Segar.
Edmd. Coghlan.
Denis Bryne.
John Phillips.
Elizab'th Lovelace.
Matw. La Roch,
Andrew Gregorie,
Christr. Palles.
Walter Lewis.
John Farmer,
Andrew Gregory.
Samuel Marsden.
Walter Bingham.
Christr. Palles.
Wm.
DenisAbm.
Abm.
JohnJohnJohnJohnJohnJohnWm.Wm.Geo.Abm.
JohnJohn
Walter
John
Wm.
Geo.
Myas.
Bryne.
Voisin. Voisin .
Deane.Dickson. Cuthbert.
Cuthbert,
Cuthbert.PhiUips. .4rchbold.
Archbold. Taylor.
Voisin. Hyett.Cuthbert.
Lewis,
Shelly.Billinghurst. Taylor.
Jos. Bayly.
Wm. Myas.
John Deane.
Ebenezer Caudron.
Wm. Drayton.
JohnJohnJohnJohn -Adam
John
John Thos.
John Chr.
Deane. Brearly. Cuthbert.
Morphy. Sorett, Cuthbert.
Shelly. Boulton.Humphreys.Palles.
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company,

593

ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — continued.

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

1686 Thos. Melaghlin.
Henry Sharp.
John ISennett.
Benjamin Haslehurst.
1688 Samuel Berry.

'¦¦¦John
1692 ¦¦¦'Ciriac John
1693 Sarauel
1692 JamesJames
1693 Robert
1690 Henry
1694 Chas.
1693 Edwd.
1694 Chas.
1695 John
(no date) Geo,
1694 Edwd.
1695 Jas.
Wm.
Philip
1697 Thos.
1698 Edwd. Chas.-
1699 Jas. GilbertAnthony
1700 Jacques
Wm.Mark
1699 Richard
I 70 I John Thos.
1697 Thos.
1702 Ambrose
1700 Wm.
1702 Stevens
1701 Benj, Henry
Vincent
1702 Chas,
1703 fJohn
1699 John
1700 Neheraiah
1703 Henry
1704 Wm, i
1 701 Geo,
1704 Wm,
1703 Lawrence
1705 John
1706 JamesRobert
1704 Abm,
1702 Robert
1706 Wm.Wra.
1704 Cornelius
1706 Bolton
1705 Rd.
1707 John

jun

Gerrard. Mallory.Cuthbert
Ruchant, Brenan, Standish, Evers,Miller,
White, Workman Crompton,
Sterne, Pilkington
Fitzgerald.Drysdale.
Archdall.Tough. Paris,
HaU,Brigham.Blanchard.
Lane. Walsh. Foucault.
Ross,Mottershead
Brown ,
Whiting. Deane. Rasin.
Bruffe Sheilds.
Golding. Hawley,King,
Trott, Gordon,
Tute, Whitfield, Donnellan,
DanieU.Sraith. Harris.
Brady. Burke.
Fourreau Cole.
Willmore. Crosle.
Coleman.Caddow.
Patten, Malone. Corraoek.
Chinn.
Coudert.

NAME OF PARENT.

Thos, Melaghlin, Ardrum, co, Meath,
Henry Sharp, late of Lazyhill, Dublin,
John Bennett, Dublin, victualler,
John Haslehurst, Dublin, joiner,
John Berry, late of Clonehan, King's co,,
gent.
Wm. Gerrard, woodmonger.
Thos. Mallory, late minister of Maynooth.
John Cuthbert.
(br. of Daniel Brenan.)

John MiUer, Dublin, gent.
John White, Ballymore Eustace, deed.
Richd. Workman, Portadown, tanner.
Thos. Crompton, co, Wexford, gent,
Thos. Sterne, Dublin, goldsmith, deed.
Thos. Pilkington, Dublin, gent,, deed,
Oliver Fitzgerald, Tara, co. Meath, gent.
Jas. Drysdale, co. Kilkenny, elk,, deed,
John Archdall, Lusk, elk,, deed.
Thos. Tough, Dundalk.
Lt.-Col. Henry Paris, Dublin.
Thos, Hall, Dublin, gent,
Sebastian Brigham, Dublin, gent,
Samuel Blanchard, Dublin, farrier.
Wm, Lane, late co, Tipperary, gent,
Pierse Walsh, Dublin, milliner, deed,
Peter Foucault, Dublin, surgeon.
Henry Ross, Drogheda, gent,
John Mottershead, Dublin, farmer,
Richard Brown, IJublin, yeoraan,
John Whiting, Dublin, wheelwright,
Zachary Deane, Dublin, gent,
Edward Rasin, Dublin, victualler,
Arab, Bruffe (or Brough).
Roger Sheilds,Wainestown, co, Meath, gent,
John Golding, Dublin, gent.
Wm, Hawley, James St., Dublin, saddler,
Peter King (late of France),
Martin Trott, late of Dublin, gent,
Alex, Gordon, Dublin, gent,
Jaraes Tute, Drogheda, merchant,
Robert Whitfield, Dublin, girdler,
Dorothy Jones,
Richard DanieU, Coorabe, Dublin, clothier.
Win, Smith, Ballyshannon, gent,
Wm, Harris, Bandon, gent,
John Brady, Dublin, gent,
Mary Burke, Ross, eo, Wexford,
Ayme Fourreau, E)ublin, gent,
James Cole, late of England, gent,
Wm, Willraore, Dublin, tailor, deed,
John Crosle, Armagh,
James Coleraan, Dublin, gent,
John Caddow, Dublin, shoemaker.
Wm, Patten, Drogheda, gent,
Mary Malone, Dublin, widow,
John Corraoek, Dublin, gent,
Rd, Chinn, Newnhara, Gloucester, gent,
Bernard Coudert, Dublin, gent.

MASTER TO WHOM BOUND,

Chr,

Palles,

John

PhiUips.

Robert

Sraith.

John

Brearly.

John

Humphry.

John

Dixon.

John

Phillips.

John

Cuthbert.

Mat,

La Roch.

David

Swan.

Tho.

Bolton.

Wm.

Lucas,

Henry

Chabenor.

John

PhiUips.

Jas.

Welding.

_ ohn

Cuthbert.

Ldwd.

Slicer,

Robert

Rigmaiden,

Walt.

Bingham,

Thos.

Bolton.

David

King-

Jas.

Welding.

Fras.

Cuthbert.

ohn

Harris.

John

Harris,

, OS.

Walker,

Jos.

Walker,

Ed.

Slicer,

John

Harris,

Jas.

Welding,

Saml.

Wilder,

R.

Grosvenor,

Ed,

Slicer,

And,

Gregory.

John

Turner.

Thos,

Meekins.

A,

Sinclare.

A,

Sinclare,

A,

Sinclare,

Ben.

Racine,

Ed,

Workman,

Chr,

Waggoner,

John

Matthews,

Thos.

Bolton,

Thos.

Bolton,

Thos.

Bolton,

Chr.

Hartwick.

Walter

Bingham.

Cyriac

Mallory,

Ed.

Barrett,

Ed.

Barrett,

Jno,

Matthews,

Mortagh

Dowling,

John

Crampton,

Joseph

Walker,

Ben.

Pemberton,

John

Matthews,

Robert

Ince,

And,

Gregory,

Ed,

Slicer,

Mortagh

Dowling,

••"¦ There are no entries between 1688 and 1693, which may be explained by the state of Ireland during this period while thc
respective armies of Jas. II, and Win, III, were contending there,
t -lohn Tute, or Tuite, moved to London in 1723, where he afterwards worked lor many years. 38

594

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — Continued.

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

1706

James

Young,

1707

Thos.

Walker.

Jas.

Balaquier.

John

Frees,

iSIathew

Copland,

John
Steele,
Wm. B.
St. Lawrance.
Benj,
Boove.
1704
'¦Walter
Bingham.
1707
Wm,
Bennett.
Henry
Cope.
1708
John
Nicholas.
Wm,
McMurray.
John
Downes.
1707
Wm,
WiUiamson.
1709
Chas.
Moneypeny.
Jas,
Riekisson.
Robert
Aickin.
Henry
Sherwin,
1707
Wm,
Sherwin,
1709
John
Wilme,
1708
Isaac
Neau,
1709
Simon
Young,
1708
Jas.
Trubshaw,
1711
_ ohn
Taylor,
1709
J ugh
Hamilton,
1710
Wm.
Parker.
John
Mitchell.
Adam
Tate.
Geo.
Peregrine.
1712
Robert
Billing.
John
Clifton.
Wm.
Eycott.
1713
Matthew
Roper,
1710
Wm.
Aickin,
1715
Asahell
Mason,
1712
Martin
Kirkpatrick.
Jas.
Correges.
1715
Wm.
Scott.
1714
Francis
Gerard.
Robinsor
.^ugier.
1712
Wm,
Fawcett,
1715
Wm.
White.
1716
Richd.
HaU.
Richard
Cody.
Joseph
Serverott.
Thos,
Butler,
Richard
M^orkman.
Chas,
Prendergrass.
I7I2
Chas.
Maynou.
1714
John
Price.
1715
Thos,
Chapel.
1716
Jas.
Truelove.
1715
John
Taylor.
I7I4
Benj,
Correges.
I7I7
Wm,
Smith,
Geo,
Dougherty,
John
Robinson,
Jas,
Whitehorne,
.4.1ex,
Richards,
1715
Wm,
Sumner,
,,. NJ
Jt in the regu
ar hst, but nientioiie
NAME OF PARENT,
Simon Young, co. Wexford, deed.
Thos. Walker, Dublin, smith.
Barthw. Balaquier, Dublin, elk.
Jas, Frees, Dublin, brasier,
Geo, Copland, Dublin, shoemaker,
Fabian Steele, Dublin, gent,, deed,
Chr, St, Lawrance, Dublin.
John Boove, Dublin, gent.
Wm. Bennett, Dublin, merchant.
John Cope, Dublin, goldsmith, deed.
John Nicholas, Maguiresbridge, gent., deed.
Richard Downes.
Richd. Williamson.
Rev. Henry Moneypeny.
Robert Riekisson, Dublin, shoemaker,deed.
Geo, Aickin, Paulstown, eo, Dublin, gent,
John Sherwin, Dublin, shoemaker, deed.
Henry Sherwin, Dublin, goldsmith.
Wm. Wilme, Dublin, brewer.
Martin Neau, Dublin, merchant, deed,
Simon Young, Ballytange, co. Wexford,
gent., deed,
Thos. Trubshaw, Dublin, merchant, deed.
Robert Taylor, Dublin, skinner.
(br. of John Hamilton, goldsraith.)
John Parker, Limerick, gunsmith.
John Mitchell, Knoekdruman, co. Dublin.
Moses Tate, Augher, co. Tyrone, gent.
Mary Peregrine, Dublin, widow.
Richard Eycott, Dublin, silversmith.
Mary Roper, Dublin, widow.
Geo. Aickin, The Murrow, co, Dublin.
Rebecca Mason, widow.
MASTER TO WHOM BOUND.
John Scott, Santry.
Wm. White, Sconagh, co. Wexford.
Mable HaU, Dublin, widow,
John Cody, co. Westmeath, gent., deed.
Anthony Serverott, Cork.
Thos, Butler, Waterford, periwig maker.
Ed. Workman, goldsmith.
(stepson of Rd. Burnham, Dublin, gardener.)
James Truelove, Dublin, gent.
John Taylor, Dublin, skinner.
Eliz. Correges, Dublin, widow,
Robert Smith, goldsmith.
JohnDougherty,Rossmagh,co, Dublin, gent.
Alex, Richards, Dublin, grocer,
Thos, Sumner, Dublin, cabinet maker.
t, but nientioiiud in the Conipaiiy's Journal as having been " enrolled an apprentice '
Ed,
Slicer.
John
Whitefield
Daniel
Pineau.
Christian Kindt,
Ben.
Mountjoy.
Ben.
Mountjoy.
John
Crampton.
Fran.
Giraud.
John
Harris.
Erasmus Cope.
David
King.
John
Cuthbert.
Ed.
Slicer,
Wm.
Skinner,
Jos.
Blundell.
Fran.
Huraphry.
Fran.
Humphry.
Henry
Sherwin.
Henry
Sherwin,
John
Palet.
John
Harris,
Christn
Kindt,
Fran.
• Gerrard (or
Giraud)
David
King,
John
Hamilton,
Christn
Kindt.
Wm.
Archdall.
John
Hamilton.
Ed.
Workman.
Thos.
BiUing.
John
Clifton.
Ed.
Barrett.
Ed.
Barrett.
Philip
Tough.
Erasmus Cope.
John
Burton.
Daniel
Pineau.
John
Pallett,
Mary
Gerard,
Daniel
Pineau.
Thos.
Parker.
John
Clifton.
Ed.
Workman.
Mark
Twelves.
Thos,
Deane.
John
Cuthbert,
Ed,
Workman,
Ed,
Workman,
John
Paterell,
John
Burton,
John
Paturel.
Mary
Gerard,
Ben.
Mountjoy.
Peter
Gervais.
Tho.
Walker.
John
Crampton.
Mat.
Walker.
Geo.
Parker.
Robt.
Forbes.
Jos.
Blundell.
in 1704.
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

595

ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — continued.

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

1714 Robt. WiUiamson.
John Brown.
1715 Daniel Nixon.

171617121717

17161717171817171718

17171719
•1718 1719

17201719171817171718
1720

17211722 1721
1720

Francis Thornhill.

1722

Stephen Wra.
Roger Richard
Jas,John JohnJohnJohn
Wm.Wm.
Jas.
Wm,
John Jas,
Daniel Henry
Thos,
John BenjaminTimothy
Wm,James
Peter Chas,Chr,
Nich, Esaias
Peter
Wm,John
EliasThos.Ansloey
John Richd.Geo, HenryDavid
David
JamesJohn Wra,
Wm,
John
Francis
James And. Fras.
Barth, Isaac
JohnStephen DeaconMichaelThos,Samuel Chas,
Thos,
John

Delile, Fawcett. Finch.
Foster.Templeton.
Broadhorst. Moore.King.Rogers. Townsend.Reily.Lasalle,
Currie, Turner,Brogan, Cole,Rone,
Jones, Hocks,
Pontt, Ryan.Lintoun. Racine.BaU,
Jackson,Workman, De Lorthe,
Audouin,Hopler,Nangle, Maquay,
Grey, Lavally,
Chauvin,
Eaton, Cross,Cope,
Homan,Baumes, Robison,
Moore, Cearey,
Savill,Tench,
Moseley. Weir, Goodwin.
Williamson. Popkins, D'Olier,
Pagett,Royall,Standish, Connor,HaU, Taylor,
Gouy. Connor.
Young,

NAME OF PARENT.

Mary Williamson, Wicklow, widow.
Jas. Brown, Dublin, coachmaker.
Rev. Adam Nixon, Drumerow, co. Fer
managh, elk.
Francis Thornhill, Ballybough Lane, co.
Dublin, farmer.

Sarah Finch, Wigan, Lane,

John Broadhorst, Dublin, gent,
Alice Moore, Boley, eo. Wexford, widow.
Jas. King, Dublin, merchant.
Thos, Rogers, Dublin, founder,
John Townsend,
Chas, Reily.
Mark Lasalle, Dublin, gent,
Mary Currie, Dublin, widow.

Benj, Raei

Ed, Workman,
Esaias De Lorthe,
Chas, Hopler, Dublin, painter.
Geo. Nangle.
(bro. to Rev. Thos. Maquay.)
Deborah Grey.
(stepson of John Price, Stoneybatter, gent.)
John Chauvin, Dublin, wigmaker.
Burleigh Eaton, Dublin, clothier.
Thos. Cross, Dublin.
Rev. Anthony Cope, elk., deed.
M'y Homan, Dromeooly, King's co., widow
Ann Baumes, widow.
Geo. Robison, Limerick, gent.
Alice Moore, Buoly, eo, Wicklow, widow.
Wra. Cearey, Dublin, gent.
Kath. Savill, Dublin, widow.
John Tench, Navan.
John Moseley, Wicklow.
James Weir, Sligo, farmer.
And. Goodwin, deed,
Fras, WiUiamson, Dublin, shoemaker,
Nicholas Popkins, Dolphin's Barn, surgeon,
Isaac D'Olier, Dublin,
Richd. Pagett, Dublin, merchant.
Stephen Royall, Dublin, gent,
James Standish, Dublin, gent,
Ann Connor, widow.
Edward Hall, goldsmith.
Samuel Taylor, Dublin, silk dyer.
Wm. Gouy, Dublin, mariner.
Wm. Connor, Dublin, gent.
John Young, late of London, distiller.

MASTER TO WHOM BOUND,

Tho.

Parker.

Jas.

Champion.

David

King.

Ed.

Sturgys.

Daniel

Pinsane.

Tho,

Parker,

John

Williamson.

John

Sterne.

Wra,

Archdall,

John

Hamilton,

Jos,

Walker,

John

Patturell,

John

Barry.

Chr.

Keindt,

Edmd.

Sturgys,

Daniel

Pineau,

Peter

Gervais.

Noah

Vialas,

Tho,

Cope.

Eras,

Cope,

Jos.

Walker.

Tho.

Bolton.

Dorothy Monjoy.

John

Pallett.

Geo.

Parker.

Philip

Kinersly.

Benj.

Racine.

Ph.

Kinnersly.

Tho.

Cope.

Ed,

Workman.

Jas,

Balaquier.

Daniel

Pineau.

Arthur

Weldon.

Eras,

Cope.

Mat.

Walker,

as.

Charapion,

Ed.

Barrett,

Peter

Gervais,

John

Williarason,

Thos.

Crampton.

John

WiUiamson,

John

WiUiamson.

Martin

Billing,

John

Paturle,

Jos.

Walker.

Jos.

Blundell.

WaUer

Bingham,

Tho.

Sutton,

Henry

Daniel,

John

Clifton,

Henry

Daniel.

Ed.

Barrett.

Simon

Young.

John

Williamson.

Thos.

Sutton.

Noah

Vialas.

Martin

Billing,

Wm.

Streeter

Ed.

Hall.

Eras.

Cope.

Noah

Vialas.

Ph.

Kinnersly.

John

Freboul,

596

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — continued.

NAME OF APPRENTICE,

1722

1723

1724

1723
17241723
1725

172217241725

1726

172717261727

.\bm,
Daniel
Wm. Henry
Wm.Hugh
Philip
Thos.Peter
Joshua Peter
Richd.
Jas.Jas. Peter
Geo.
Joseph Cleare
Tho.Robert
EliasPhilip Robert
Peter
JohnAnthonyRichard
John John Peirce
Peter
Benj,
John Silvester
Wm.
Albert Forbes
Peter
Wm.
John George
DanielSarauel
Geo.ReasinDaniel
Jaraes ,Tno. La D.
Philip
RichardMatthias
John
Wm.
DanielBarthw.
DanielThos,Thos,
Wm,Matthew
Solomon
Wm.
Chas.
Robert

Mondet,
Walker, Babington, Crosle, Minehin.
Martin.
Barrett.
Jolly. Desinards.
Mirfield,
Lacoste,White, Champion,
Douglas,
Dennard,Lajiier. McMun.
Bate,Parsons. Glanvile,
Tankerfeild, Walsh.
Burfield.
Vicars.Gaskin. Lefebure.
Baker, Alexander,Forlin. Bass.
Usher,Mosley,
Jesson. Ince,
Sheilds, Hamon,
Lovett. Faure. West.
Ball,Williaras.
Beringuier. Walker,
Berford.
Foley. Haraond.Vidouze. Letablere.
Thompson,Forster,
Brown, Strahan,Gaughagan,
Calderwood,
Mosse.
Onge, De Limarest,
Burton. Gratton.
Alanson,Savage,
Hadlock.
Boucher. Baker.

NAME OF PARENT.

Lodowick Mondet, Dublin, merchant.
Thomas Walker, Dublin, distiller.
Thos, Babington, eo, Donegal, gent,
John Crosle, .Armagh.
Wra . Minehin, Busherstown, King's co.. Esq,
Simon Martin, Dublin, merchant.
Mary Barrett.
Thos. Jolly, Dublin, gent.
Lamotte Desinards, Dublin, merchant.
Joseph Mirfield, Dublin, carpenter.
Hercules Lacoste, Portarlington, gent.
Robert White, Ballymore Eustace, gent.
Jas, Champion, Dublin, jeweller.
Thos. Douglas, Dublin, tailor.
Mark Dennard, Dublin, merchant.
Stephen Lapier, Dublin, merchant,
Wm, Bate, Dublin, engraver.
Tho, Parsons, Dublin, sword cutler,
Francis Glanvile, late of Longford, gent,
Richard Walsh, Dublin, tailor.
Jane Burfield, Dublin, widow,
Wm. Vicars, Grantston, Oueen's county.
Mary Gaskin, Dublin, widow.
Jacob Lefebure, Dublin, merchant.
Rd. Baker, Dublin, goldsmith.
John Alexander, Dublin, gent.
Thos, Fortin, Waterford, merchant,
John Bass, Dublin, slater.
Peter Usher, Dublin, founder.
John Mosley, Dublin, weaver.
Elizabeth Jesson, Dublin, widow.
Randolph Ince, Dublin, apothecary.
Martha Sheilds, als. Walsh, Dublin, widow.
Albert Hamon, Dublin, gent,, deed,
Thos, Lovett, Dublin, sword cutler.
Elizabeth Faure, Dublin, widow.
Robert West, Waterford.
Elizabeth Ball, Dublin, widow.
EdwardWilliams, Dublin, apothecary, deed.
Stephen Beringuier, Dublin, merchant.
Elizabeth Walker, Dublin, widow,
Richard Berford, Dublin, gent.
Wra. Foley, late of Dublin, victualler.
Albert Hamond, late of Dublin, gent.,
deed.
James Vidouze, gent.
Rene La Douespe Letablere, Dublin, Esq,
John Thompson, Dublin, gent,
Richard Forster, late co,, Tipperary, gent.
Edwd, Brown, late of Mosson, G,B,, mariner,
Jane Strahan, Dublin, widow,
Chas, Gaughagan, late of Dublin, founder,
Andrew Calderwood, Dublin, gent,
Michael Mosse, Ballywish, co. Wexford,
elk,, deed.
(nephew of Abel Onge, Dublin, merchant.)
Mary De Limarest, Dublin, widow.
John Burton, London, chandler.
Richd. Gratton, Edenderry, gent.
John Alanson, Dublin, merchant.
Robert Savage, Dublin, merchant.
Samuel Hadlock, Dublin, gent.
Peter Boucher, late of Rochelle, merchant.
(br. of Geo. Baker, Dungannon, gent.)

MASTER TO WHOM BOUND.

Arth.

Weldon.

Dorotf

v Monjoy.

Geo.

Parker.

Tho.

Walker.

Ed.

Sturgys.

Mary

Barrett.

Dorothy Manjoy.

John

Sterne.

John

Bradley.

Mark

Martin.

Wra.

Doogan.

Henry

Wilme,

John

Hamilton.

John

Sterne.

Tho.

Sutton.

Mat.

Walker.

Thos.

Cope.

Matthew Walker,

John

Hamilton.

Martin

Kirkpatrick.

Ph.

Ivinnersley.

Eras.

Cope.

Wm.

Barry.

Tho.

Crampton.

Mary

Barrett,

Roger

Finch,

Chas.

Leslie.

Tho.

Walker,

Esther

Forbes.

Roger

Finch,

Jas.

Whitthorne.

John

Freeze.

Peter

Gervy.

Ph.

Kinnersly.

Arth.

Weldon.

Wm.

Sinclare.

Wm.

Barry.

ohn

Hamilton.

Peter

Racine.

Wm.

Sutton.

John

Bradley.

John

Taylor.

Tho.

Williamson.

Robert

Billing.

John

Williamson.

Daniel

Pineau.

Wra.

Streeter,

Geo,

Parker.

N'oah

Vialas,

Siraon

Young.

Tho.

Sutton.

Ch.

Prendergast.

Arth.

Weldon.

WiUiam Williamson,

Wm,

Sinclare.

Martin

Billing.

Dorothy Manjoy.

Peter

Jervis.

Mark

Martin.

John

Sterne.

Walter

Bingham.

Alex.

Brown.

John

WiUiamson.

The Dublin Goldsmith^ Company.
ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — Continued.

597

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

1727

Wm.

Teatte.

^neas

McPherson.

Henry

Lyndon.

Vere

Forster.

1728

Joshua

Crampton.

1727

Philip

Porta .

1728

Robert

Mirfield.

Archd,
Scott.
John
Haw trey.
Joseph
Donnellan,
Henry
Pepyat,
Chris.
McCarthy,
Thos.
Graham,
Peter
Paintard
Thos.
Bolton,
Mark
St. Maurice.
Thos.
Bigham.
Samuel
Goodeau,
Henry
Jago,
1726
Mark
Mott.
1728
Thos.
Isack,
Wm.
Carroll.
Philip
De Glatigny
1729
Rene
Letablere.
Henry
Watts.
Geo.
Hodskisson.
Edwd.
Barrett,
Fras.
Thompson,
Jaraes
McGwire,
1730
John
Forbes,
Stanley
White.
1729
Peter
Walker.
1730
Chris.
Barry,
Bereeah
Low,
1728
Archibald McNeall.
1730
Jno. A.
Bere.
Thos.
Mitchell,
1731
Robert
Browne.
Wm.
Smith,
Wm.
West,
Robert
Hopkins,
Wm.
Wilson,
Jonathan Ruston,
Laurence
Darquier,
1732
Geo,
Lehunt,
1731
John
Cooksey,
1732
Thos,
Collins.
Maurice
Deane.
Henry
Gifford.
Chas,
Gifford,
Isaiah
Dezouche,
Anthonj
Sargent,
St, Leger Brafett,
John
Stern, jun.
Wm,
Taylor.
1733
Wm,
De Laune.
1732
Benj.
Smith.
NAME OF PARENT.
1733
John Fearns,
Edmond Cogan.
Daniel McPherson, Dublin, merchant,
Chas, Lyndon, Dublin, raerehant,
Richd, Forster, Dublin, gent,
John Crampton, goldsmith,
John Portal, Dublin, gent.
Joseph Mirfield, Dublin, carpenter.
Mary Scott, Dublin, widow.
(br, of Ralph Hawtrey, Armagh, gent,)
Chas, Donnellan, Lisonhaeody, co, Gal
way, gent.
Rev, John Pepyat, deed,
(br, of Theo, McCarthy, Dublin, chandler,)
Wm. Graham, Dolphin's Barn Lane,
weaver.
John Bolton, Park, co, Galway, gent.
Mark St. Maurice, Dublin, Esq,
Thos, Bigham, Belfast, merchant, deed,
John Goodeau, merchant,
Henry Jago, Dublin, merchant,
James Mott, Dublin, yeoman,
Wm, Isack, Redeross, eo, Donegal, gent,
Robert Carroll, Dublin, grocer,
Adam De Glatigny, Dublin, gent.
Rene Letablere, Dublin, gent,
James Watts, late of Moygounagh, co.
Mayo.
Henry Hodskisson, late of Dublin, glover,
deed,
Wm, Barrett, Dublin, smith,
Elinor Thompson, Dublin, widow.
Patrick McGwire, Clarendon Street.
Robert Forbes, deed.
Patrick White, Dublin, victualler.
Peter Walker, Dublin, merchant.
Humphry Barry, Trim., gent., deed.
John Low, Kilbeggan, gent,
Loughlin McNeall, Bellicon, co, Antrim,
gent,
Peter Bere, Dublin, merchant,
Caleb MitcheU, Dublin, carpenter, deed,
Robt, Browne, Dunleary, eo, Dublin,
Sarauel Sraith, Dublin, weaver,
Dorothy West, Dublin, widow.
Patience Hopkins, Dublin, widow.
Fras. Wiljon, Dublin, widow.
John Ruston, Dublin, goldsmith.
(br. of Wm. Darquier, Dublin, gent.)
Geo, Lehunt, Cashel,
Wm, Cooksey, Kilkenny, Alderman,
Robt, Collins, Rathfarnhara, gent,
Matthew Deane, co. Limerick, gent,
Wm, Gifford, Powlemaloe, eo, Wexford,
gent,
Wm, Gifford, do. do. do.
Isaac Dezouche, Dublin, silk weaver.
Humphry Sargent, late of Trim, farmer,
Thos, Brafett, Dublin, weaver,
John Stern, goldsmith,
John Taylor, Dublin, skinner, deed,
Gideon De Laune, Dublin, gent., deed,
Roger Sraith, Dromcoo, co. Fermanagh,
gent,, deed,
John Fearns, late of Kilkenny West,
Thos, Cogan, late of Dublin, tailor.
MASTER TO VVHOM BOUND,
M. Ch.Eras.Robt,
John Simon
JohnJohn
Wm,
John
BiUing,Leslie. Cope,
Calderwood,
Crampton,
Young, Bradley, Crampton,
Streeter,Sterne.
Eras. Cope.
Jos. Blundell.
Tho. Crampton,
Mat,
Robt,Gaspard Edm.Peter
Noah HenryWra,HenryGeo, Daniel
Wm,
Wilson,Calderwood.Gradell,
Sturgys, Gervis,Vialas,
DanieU,Williamson,Wilme. Parker.
Pineau.Sinclare.
Roger Finch,
Mark Martin.
John WiUiamson.
Mau. Nash.
Robert Billing.
Thos. Cope.
Thos. Walker,
Arth, Weldon,
John Barrett.
Arth, Weldon,
NoahJohn Dorothy
John Roger
John Barth, Robt.
MarkIsaac
JohnJas. Antv.A. D.
Vialas. Sterne.Manjoy.Hamilton.
Finch, Gumley,
Popkins,
BiUing, Martin. D'Olier,Hamilton. Whitehorne.
Lefebure, Browne,
Noah
Vialas,
Dan,
Pineau,
M,
Billing,
Wm,
Sinclare.
John
Stern.
Arth.
Weldon.
Arth,
Weldon.
Noah
Vialas.
Wm,
Stopleare,
Jas,
Whithorn
598

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — Continued,

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

NAME OF PARENT.

MASTER TO WHOM BOUND.

1733

Robert

Savage.

Geo.

Murphy.

1734

James

St. Maurice

Wm.

Steel.

Wm.

Eeds.

John
Davisson.
Geo.
Charleton.
David
Riausset.
Daniel
O'NeiU.
Robert
I''isher.
John
MeCormick
Thomas
Bor.
Edwd,
Cavenagh.
1735
Henry
Rash.
John R,
Whitraore.
Robert
Hunter.
John
Horner.
Wm.
Ball.
1736
Wm.
Teat,
Chas.
Darragh,
1739
David
Roche,
1736
Samuel
South.
Richd.
Johnson.
Philip
Deane.
Benj.
Willson.
ohn
Christie.
ildwd. Jn
. Raper.
Thos.
Crarapton.
Mar'duke
Webb.
James
Wyer.
Oliver
Dillon.
1737
ohn
Rumble.
¦ iichd.
Graham,
John
Rawleigh,
Richd.
Keightly.
Henry
Chadwick,
Leonard
Blaekham,
James
Gillespie.
1736
Robt,
Finlay.
1738
Thos,
Green.
Richd.
Bristo.
Wm,
Wilme.
Patk.
Thornton,
Ebenezer
Orr.
onathan
Thomas.
'. 'eter
Rieusset,
1737
Wm. Rd
Beck,
1738
Richd.
Sloper,
Const' tine Sloper.
Thos.
Jones.
Daniel
McNeal,
Wm.
Irwin.
1739
Robt.
Andrews.
John
Kidd.
Wm.
Sewell,
James
Clanchy,
Mich.
McDaniel.
Paul
Palmer,
John
Haggarty,
Mich.
Lemaistre,
1740
John
Ronan,
1739
John
Craig,
John Savage, Dublin, gent,
Elizabeth Murphy, widow.
James St. Maurice, Dublin, Esq., deed.
Alex, Steel, DerryvuUin, co, Fermanagh,
elk,
Wm, Eeds, Clanroosk, King's co,, farmer.
John Davisson, Athy, gunsmith.
Peter Riausset, Dublin, merchant, deed.
Arthur O'Neill, Dublin, gent.
Wm. MeCormick, Dublin, grocer.
Humphry Bor, Cloonard, co, Meath, gent.
Denis Cavenagh, Dublin, feltmaker.
Henry Rash, London, gent.
Lieut. Edwd, Whitmore,
Richard Hunter, eo, Meath, gent.
John Horner, Dublin, smith.
Jonathan Ball, Dublin, weaver.
eo. Wicklow.
Jolin Darragh, Dublin, dyer, deed,
Thos, Roche, Dublin, raerehant,
Mary South, Stoneybatter, widow,
John Johnson, Dublin, innholder.
Thos, Deane, Dublin, gent,
Frances Willson, Dublin, widow,
Alex. Christie, Dublin, merchant.
Wm. Raper, IJublin, gent.
Thos. Crarapton, goldsmith.
Ann Webb, widow.
Corns. Wyer, Hallohoyse, co. Kildare, gent,
Barthw, Dillon, Ballymackallen, eo,
Westmeath, gent,
Isaac Rumble, Whitehaven, jeweller,
John Graham, Dublin, gent,
Walter Rawleigh, Mitehelstown, deed,
John Keightly, Kendalstown, co, Wicklow,
Treacey Chadwick, late of Dublin, coach-
maker,
John Blaekham, co, Dublin, deed.
Hugh Gillespie, Peace, co. Meath, farmer.
Robert Finlay, London, gent.
Susana Green, Dublin, widow.
Anthony Bristo.
Henry Wilme, goldsmith.
Thos. Thornton, Dublin, stocking-weaver.
John Orr, Dublin, tailor.
Joseph Thomas, Dublin, gent, deed.
Peter Rieusset, Dublin, merchant, deed.
Edwd. Beck, Dublin, farmer.
John Sloper, Mountdesey, co. Mayo, gent,
John Sloper, Mountdesey, co. Mayo, gent.
Wm. Jones, Dublin, gent.
Neal McNeal, Dundalk, gent,, deed.
John Irwin, Drumsilla, co. Leitrim, gent,
Elizabeth Andrews, Dublin, widow,
Thos. Kidd, Ballinstraw, co. Wexford.
Eliz. Sewell, Dublin, widow.
Eliz. Elsey, Dublin, widow.
Dominick McDaniel, Dublin, merchant.
Mary Palmer, Birr, widow.
Edward Haggarty, Dublin, smith.
Eliz. Lemaistre, Carlow, widow.
Garrett Ronan, Dublin, victualler.
Ann Craig.
N.
Vialas.
Roger
Finch.
B.
Popkins.
N.
Vialas.
Th.
Blundell.
Philip
Simms.
Wm.
Currie.
Mark
Martin.
M.
BUling.
John
Sterne.
John
Gumley.
Wm.
Williamson,
Peter
Usher.
Wra.
Currie.
Tho.
Walker.
Tho.
Parsons.
Wm.
Stopleare.
Daniel
Onge.
Isaac
D'Olier.
Wm.
Sinclare.
Roger
Finch.
Mort.
Dowling.
John
Wilme.
Fras.
Williamson.
Mat.
Walker.
Peter
Usher.
A.D.
Brown.
Tho.
Crampton.
Tho.
Crarapton.
John
Moore.
John
Gumley.
Rob,
Glanvile.
Peter
Usher.
N.
Vialas.
R.
Finch,
W.
Williarason.
John
Harailton.
Jane
DanieU.
Rob.
Calderwood.
Chr.
Skinner.
Tho.
Sutton,
Henrv
Wilrae.
Chr.'
McCarthy.
Daniel
Onge.
John
Guraley.
B.
Popkins.
R.
Billing.
J.
Wilme.
M.
Kirkpatrick.
Tho.
Blundell,
R.
Calderwood.
John
Hamilton.
Tho.
De Liraarest.
B.
Popkins.
Wm.
Currie.
David
Boraes.
Wm.
Stoplear.
Roger
Finch.
Tho.
Isack.
Cha.
Lemaistre.
N.
Vialas.
Wrp.
Townsend.
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

599

ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — Continued,

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

NAME OF PARENT.

MASTER

TO WHOM BOUND.

1740

Fleetw'd

Powell.

John Powell, Dublin, merchant.

Rt.

BiUing.

1738

Robt.

Pearson,

Roger Pearson, Dublin, baker.

Th,

Delimarest,

1740

Mich.

Shuckmell,

Jane Bradstreet (wife of Dudley Bradstreet),
Dublin.

Vere

Forster.

Laurence

Doran,

Mary Bell, Dublin, widow.

Ph,

Simms,

Wm.

Soubiran.

Capt. John Soubiran, Dublin,

David

Bomes.

Wra.

Popkins.

Wm, Popkins, Dublin, smith.

Chr,

Locker.

1741

John

Wilme.

Henry Wilme, Dublin, goldsmith.

Roger

Finch.

John
Freboul,
Peter Freboul, Kilkenny, merchant.
Jas.
Vidouze.
Robert
King,
John King, co. Wicklow, gent.
Rob.
Calderwood.
John
Irish.
John Irish, Cork, gent.
Wm.
Williamson.
John
Douglass,
Nathaniel Douglass, DubUn, victualler.
Jas.
Douglass.
Matthew
Sleater,
Mat. Sleater, Dublin, bricklayer.
Isaac
D'Olier.
Thos.
Williamson,
Mary Williamson, Dublin, widow.
Wm.
Currie.
Samuel
Walmsley,
Jas. Walmsley, Dublin, merchant.
John
Whitshed.
James
Bloxham,
Wm. Bloxham, Dublin, deed.
N.
Vialas.
Geo.
Campbell,
James Campbell, Dublin, merchant, deed.
Wm.
Sinclare.
1742
Jaraes
Warren,
Robert Warren, Dublin, merchant, deed.
And.
Goodwin.
Thos.
Hagarty,
Thos. Hagarty, Dublin, smith.
Ml,
Connor.
Jonathan
Pasley.
Elizabeth Mills by her former husband,
Jonathan Pasley.
John
Wilme.
1741
Whitney
Swarbriek,
Geo. Swarbriek, co. Antrim, draper, deed.
John
Letablere.
1742
James
Lee,
Wm. Lee, Dublin, lace weaver, deed.
Jno.
Bancks,
Richd.
Ussher,
John Ussher, Dublin, merchant.
John
Moore.
John
Archbold,
Patrick Archbold, Dublin, M.D.
Wm,
Wilson.
Fredk,
Wilson.
James Wilson, Dublin, gunsmith.
John
Sterne.
Edward
West.
Hamilton West, eo. Dublin, gent.
Daniel
Onge.
1743
Henry
King.
John King, eo. Wicklow, gent.
Rt,
Calderwood.
Joseph
Walker,
Ann Walker, Dublin, widow.
Tho,
Walker.
Thoraas
Lee.
Wm. Lee, Dublin, merchant, deed.
John
Hamilton.
Joseph
Cullen.
Ann Cullen (now wife of John Saul).
Tho,
Sutton.
Joshua
Payne.
Geo. Payne, eo. Wicklow, farmer.
Mathias
Brown.
Richard
Williams.
Solomon Williaras, Wicklow, slater.
John
Wilme.
Joseph
Nixon.
Rev. Eccles Nixon, co. Tyrone.
Rd.
Foster.
Wm.
Betagh,
Robert Betagh, Dublin, gold lace weaver.
And.
Goodwin.
Arthur
Annesley,
Wm. Annesley, co. Wexford, gent.
John
Moore.
1744
John
Willoughby,
Frances Willoughby, Drogheda, widow.
Th.
De Limarest,
1745
John
Home,
John Home, DubUn, merchant.
Robt.
BiUing,
1744
John
Ranson,
Wm. Ranson, Dublin, gent.
David
Bomes,
Sarauel
Tyrer.
Elizabeth Tyrer, Dublin, widow.
Tho.
BlundeU,
Josias
Vivian.
Henry Vivian, tallow chandler, deed.
Ph.
Simms.
Edmond
Milne.
Thos. Milne, eo. Meath, yeoman, deed.
Isaac
D'Olier,
Henry
Waldron.
Luke Waldron, Dublin, sword cutler, deed.
Wm.
Williarason,
Wm.
Wiseman.
Henry Wiseman, ship-carpenter, deed.
Ch.
Skinner.
1745
Geo.
Home.
John Home, Dublin, merchant.
Rt.
Calderwood.
Simon
Williams.
Thos. Williaras, deed.
David
Bomes.
John
Houston,
Henry Houston, co. Roscommon, gent.
Jas.
Whitthorne.
Wm.
Morrison.
Samuel Morrison, Borris Kane, gent.
Geo.
Beere.
Joseph
CuUin.
Ann CuUin (now wife of John Saul).
Jno.
Hamilton.
1746
James
Clenahan.
.And. Clenahan, Dublin, merchant, deed.
Peter
Usher.
James
Holmes.
Robert Holmes, Dublin, watchmaker.
Jas.
Charapion.
John
Shiels.
James Shiels, Drogheda, chandler.
Rt.
Calderwood,
John
Clark.
Wm. Clark, co. Meath, farmer.
Wm.
Townsend.
Gordon
Whitthorne.
James Whitthorne, goldsmith.
Jas.
Whitthorne,
1747
John
Deane.
Robert Deane, Dublin, shoemaker.
M.
Kirkpatrick,
John
Semple.
liev. And. Semple, deed.
Wm.
Williarason,
Geo.
Gratton.
Mary Gratton, widow.
John
Letablere,
Heek'field Stanford.
-Ann Stanford, eo. Louth, widow.
And,
Goodwin,
John
Henderson.
John Henderson, mariner.
Daniel
Onge.
Richard
Harrison.
Ann Harrison, co. Dublin, widow.
Wm,
Currie.
Isaac
D'Olier.
Isaac D'Olier, goldsmith.
Rt,
Billing.
1748
John
West.
Jacob West, O'nsboro', eo. Kildare, farmer.
B.
Mosse.
Jno. Moses Dufour.
Isaac Dufour, Dublin, weaver.
Jas.
Vidouze.
John
Catherwood.
Wm. Catherwood, Belfast, mariner, deed.
Edw.
Raper.
Samuel
Bury.
John Bury, eo. Wicklow, gent.
John
Moore.
Isaac
Parker,
Paul Parker, Dublin, merchant.
Isaac
D'Olier,
6oo

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,
ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — Continued,

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

1748

Roger

Pearson.

John

Teare.

Wallis

Hewetson.

John

Carmick.

Daniel
Savill.
Thomas
Jones.
1749
Robert
Cassidy.
John
Standish.
James
Fulton.
Mark
Meares.
Wm.
Raymond.
Walter
Wilson.
John
St, John.
Wm.
Smith.
1750
Henry
Jones.
Simon
Isaac.
John
Garstin.
John
Clouney.
WilUam
Rainsford.
J, Langton May
Wm.
Whitthorne.
1751
Siraon
Surman.
John
Karr.
Thomas
Karr.
Wra.
Hodgson.
Robert
Moore.
John
Moore.
Thoraas
Harris.
Samuel
Taylor.
John
Wogan.
1752
Wra.
Kathrens.
Geo.
Gates.
Francis
Dunn.
John
Deane.
John
Locker.
Richd.
Mockler.
1746
Wm.
Harrison.
1747
Jas,
Charnock.
1748
Richard
Fenimore.
1749
Wra,
Currie,
Robert
McCrea,
1750
Levallen
Oldfield,
Joseph
Rankin.
1751
Geo,
Roycraft.
1752
Samuel
Ormsby,
Thomas
Nuttall,
Will
Richards,
Maurice
Fitzgerald,
Richard
Grace.
Thomas
Graydon.
James
Lamie.
George
Eaton.
Francis
Jones.
Lodowick Cathcart. |
Fred
Elliott,
1753
Compton
Roe.
Thoraas
Atkinson.
Alex.
Bate.
John
MeCrea.
Valentine
Cannon.
George
Graydon.
Joseph
.Murphy.
NAME OF PARENT.
Wm. Pearson, Golden Lane, innkeeper.
John Teare, Athlone, gent.
Wallis Hewetson, co. Kilkenny, deed.
Robert Carmick, Longford, apothecary,
deed.
Isaac Jones, co. Wexford, farmer, deed.
Frances Cassidy, Dublin, widow.
Henry Standish, Dublin, seal cutter.
James Fulton, Dublin, gent.
Rachel Meares, widow.
Mary Raymond, eo. Dublin, widow.
John Wilson, Carriek-on-Shannon,
merchant.
Robert Smith, Finglas, deed.
Amos Jones, deed.
Robert Isaac, Clough, eo. Down, gent.
Barthw. Garstin, Dublin, gent., deed.
Dominick Clouney, Dublin, draper, deed.
Henry Rainsford, Dublin, weaver,
Wm. May, Roscrea, merchant.
James Whitthorne, goldsraith.
Wm. Surman.
Hugh Karr, co. Cavan, deed.
Thoraas Karr, gent.
Wm. Hodgson, Scotland, tanner.
Brent Moore, co. Meath, gent.
John Moore, goldsmith.
James Harris, co. Kildare, gent.
Jonathan Taylor, Dublin, brewer, deed,
Robert Wogan, Naas, yeoman.
Esther Kathrens, Dublin, widow.
Jacob Gates, deed,
John Deane, Cork, deed.
.Mary Locker, widow.
Mary Mockler, widow.
Ann Harrison, Donnycarny, widow.
John Charnock, Dublin, mariner, deed.
John Fenimore, Balliward, eo. Wicklou-,
farmer.
Wm. Currie, Dublin, goldsmith.
Robert McCrea, Dublin, tailor.
John Oldfield, Howth, farmer.
Geo, Rankin, Chamber St,, clothier.
Gilbert Roycraft.
Sarauel Orrasby, eo. Mayo, Esq,
James Nuttall.
Alex Richards.
James Fitzgerald.
Deborah Grace.
Philis Graydon, widow.
Oliver Lamie.
Thomas Eaton.
Edward Jones.
Archibald Cathcart.
Robert Elliott,
MASTER TO WHOM BOUND.
Mathias Brown.
Ben.
Stokes.
David
Bomes.
John
Wilme.
Win
Savill.
M.
Brown
Rd.
Eaton.
Deacon
Standish.
Jas.
Champion.
Wm.
Currie.
Tho.
Blundell.
Ch.
Darragh.
John
Wilme.
Jas.
Douglass.
Robt.
Calderwood.
Wm.
Williamson.
Wm.
Townsend.
B.
Mosse.
D.
Standish.
Vere
Forster.
Wm.
Whitthorne.
Peter
Wingfield.
Edw.
Raper.
Edw.
Raper.
Chr.
Skinner.
.Ml.
Fowler.
John
Moore.
Edw.
Mockler.
Wra.
Currie.
John
Moore.
Rr,
Forster.
David
Bomes.
Wra.
SaviU.
Wm.
Savill.
Wra.
Williamson.
Edw.
Mockler.
Jas.
Robertson.
Jos.
Bridgman.
Tho.
Shephard.
Henrv
BiUing
Alex.'
Lilly.
Ch.
Gillespy.
David
Gordon.
Geo.
Chalmers.
John
Ringland.
Will.
Townsend.
James
Douglas.
Vere
Forster.
Will.
Wilrae.
Jaraes
Champion,
David
Bomes,
James
Wyer,
John
Laughlin.
Nicholas Lemaistre.
Matthias Browne.
Robt.
Smith.
Thos.
Johnston.
John
Ringland
(watchmaker).
Robt.
Potter,-
Robt,
Rose.
Chas,
Gillespy.
Philip
Glasco,
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

60 1

ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — Continued,

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

NAME OF PARENT,

MASTER TO WHOM BOUND.

1753

John

Clinton.

James Clinton.

James

Vidouze.

John

Pringle.

.Anne Pringle, widow.

James

Warren.

Henry

Cassidy,

Deborah Cassidy.

Benj.

Stokes.

Robert

Murray.

to serve 7 years from June '49. 1
both sons of Nathan Murray, goldsmith. J

M Q + n Cl n

Murray.

Nathan
Murray.
i> ct LLlclll
Robert
Wogan.
Thomas Wogan.
John
Letablere.
Joshua S.
Green.
Robert
Calderwood.
Whaley
Hughes.
Patrick Hughes.
Willm,
Wilme.
Richard
D'Olier.
Isaac D'Olier, goldsmith.
Isaac
D'Olier.
¦WiUiam
Keen.
Edward Keen.
Isaac
D'Olier.
Willm.
Nugent.
Walter Nugent.
Will,
Townsend.
Richard
Raymond,
Thomas
BlundeU.
1754
Caple
Harrison,
Theophilus Harrison.
Thomas
Blundell,
Will. Hy
Morton,
Anne Morton.
Edward
Raper,
George
Hamilton,
Sam
Walker,
James
Hamilton,
WiU. Hamilton.
Andrew
Goodwin,
James
Rothe
Oliver Rothe.
Richard
Forster,
John
Lloyd.
WiU Lloyd.
Matthias Brown (d. 1759)
John
M'Crea.
Robert M'Crea.
, ames
Wyer,
James
M'Grath.
Luke M'Grath.
David
Bomes,
Henry
Rogers.
Rev. George I^ogers.
R.
Calderwood.
George
Wilme.
Eleanor Wilme.
WiU.
Wilme.
Richard
Shaw.
Richard Shaw.
Thomas
Shepherd.
PhiUip
How.
Thomas How.
Nichol.
Lemaistre.
Will
Beere.
Samuel Beere.
Benj.
Wilson,
Will.
Smith.
(remainder of term from James Douglas.)
John
Moore.
1755
Robert
Chester.
Anne Chester.
Nichol.
Lemaistre.
WiU.
Cordner.
Robert Cordner.
Richard
Williams.
WiU.
Mills.
Mary Mills.
James
Champion.
Will.
Ball.
Mildred BaU, widow.
Henry
Billing.
Edward
Coles.
James
Vidouze.
Richard
Vincent.
Winifred Vincent.
Robert
Hopkins,
Abdy
Man.
Rev. Robert Man.
W.
Curry.
J. Langton May.
Will. May (remainder of term from Vere
Will.
Steele.
Forster).
John
Watters.
Jonath'r
Ruston.
Nicholas
Skinner.
Christr. Skinner.
Christr.
Skinner,
1756
Patrick
Walsh.
Edward Walsh.
Henry
Billing.
Darby
Kehoe.
Isabella Kehoe.
Benj.
Stokes.
Ambrose
Boxwell.
John Boxwell,
John
Moore.
Poole
Taylor.
Thomas Taylor.
John
Wilme.
ohn
Dawson.
Rev. John Dawson.
WiU.
Wilme,
ohn
Pearson.
James
Black.
ohn
Lawler.
Alex.
Lilly.
diehard
Babington.
Chas.
Gillespy,
Gerrard
Fitzsimons.
Rosana Fitzsimons.
Benj.
Wilson.
Charles
Wright.
John Wright,
Charles
Darragh.
Thomas
Williams.
Peter
Wingfield,
John
Nelson.
John Nelson.
Willm.
Savile,
1757
Richard
Harper.
John
Dalrymple,
Shaw
Williamson.
Hugh
Cunningham.
. oseph
Cunningham.
Philip
Glasco.
ibenezer
Straughan,
Rev. E, Kilburn.
WiU.
Wilme.
Thomas
Dawson,
Rev. John Dawson.
Richard
Williams.
(left R. Williams in 1761).
William
Martindall.
Roger Martindall.
Will.
Savile.
Gregory
McCannon.
Will. .McCannon.
Thomas
Shepperd.
Joseph
Currie.
Will. Currie.
Will.
Currie.
Thomas
Hammersley.
John Hammersley.
Will.
Wilme.
1758
Miles
Cunningham,
Robt,
Pitts.
Gregory
Langholt.
Henry
BiUing.
Arthur
Hamilton,
Arthur Hamilton.
Nathan
Murray.
Richard
Laughliiv
John Laughlin.
John
Laughlin.
Daniel
Harrison,
Will. Harrison,
David
Bomes.
Will.
Hughes.
Philip Hughes,
John
Moore.
Hall
Fitzsimons,
James Fitzsimons,
Benj,
Willson.
602

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — Continued,

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

NAME OF PARENT.

MASTER TO WHOM BOUND,

1758

1759

1760

1762

John EdwardHenry
Joyce Christr,
R,Grah'mSamuelLaurence
Thomas Richard
JamesBart'mew Charles
John
JoshuaJoseph Will. Chas.Chas.
Valentine
JosephJohn Edmund
Will. JamesJonathan DavidLambert

GeorgeJohn Fredk,
EdwardHenry
Garrett
1761 JohnJaraes
Joseph

EdwardWillm,WiUm,
Jaraes Robert
Will Charles
EdwardGeorgeThos. Isaac Charles
JohnJohnJosiah
James Barnaby Matthew
Robert Lang. W.
WiUm.Thomas
JohnJohn RobertHenry
Jaraes Isaac
Richard

1763

Hicks. Welsh.
Vincent. Fonvielle. Haines.Bridgman,
Gordon,
Fowler. Proctor.Graham.
Nixon. Delandre
Wright.
MeGowan.Emerson.Bennett. Moore.
Wright.Barrington.Meyler.
Bonynge,Pearson, J.OW,M'Gee,
Dunn.Robinson, Peter,
Dupuy ("Eloped"),
Johnson. Clarke,
McCannon. Haines,
Hatehell.
Fitzgerald,Laughlin,
Kennedy, Jackson, Bury,Pyers. French.
Jonquier. Field,
Ward, Stokes,Aetison, Hetherington
Hicks, Boothman,
Barrington,Martin, Case.
Adamson.
Franek.Nangle. West.
Cullen,
Palmer, Main,
Sullivan, Murray,Carter,
Dent,
Nicholson.
Nelson. Fraigneau.
Snow,

James Hicks.
Michael Welsh.
Winifred Vincent,
Christn, Haines.
Joseph Bridgman, goldsmith.
John Fowler.
Margaret I^roetor.
Richard Graham,
Rev, Eccles Nixon.
WiU. Delandre,
Edward McGowan,
Joshua Emerson.

George Robinson,
David Peter,

Elizabeth Johnson.
Frances Clarke.
Will McCannon.
Henry Hatehell,
Richard Fitzgerald,
John Laughlin, goldsmith,
Jaraes Kennedy.
Henry Jackson.
John Bury,
Elizabeth Pyers.
Paulgry French.
James Jonquier,
John Field.
John Ward,
Benj, Stokes, goldsmith.

James Barrington,
Benj. Martin,
Benj. Case.
Benj. Adamson.
Chas, Franek,
Morton Nangle,
Jacob West (of Kildare).
Jeffrey Palmer.
John Main,
Eugene Sullivan,
Theophilus Carter,
Henry Nicholson,
James Nelson,
Isaac Fraigneau.

James
JamesJames
John Richard
Joseph RobertWiU,
Will.
JohnJosephThomasThomasThomas
Benj. Chas,
Alex,
Sam
John PhilipThos,
Thos. Chas.
Thos.
John James
Owen Alex.Robert
John David
Joseph David
WiU
Joseph Benj,
Robt.
JohnJohn .
Francis
JonathanNathan Christr.
James Will Isaac
Thos,George
JamesBenj,Thos.John Will
JosephJohn T.Will
JamesVereJamesJosephJohnOwen
Benj,
AdaraWiU

Wyer,Champion, Champion,
Sherwin.
Williams.
Bridgman.
Glanville.Steele.Steele.Sherwin.
Nixon.Burton. Burton,
Shepherd.Willson.Gillespy.
Kelly.
Teare.Moore. Glasco.
Green.
Johnston, Gillespy.
Johnston, Grahara,Vidouze,Cassidy.
Richards.Calderwood.Locker.Boraes,Thompson,Hopkins.Townsend.
Nixon. Slack. Glanville (dead
in 1762),
Douglas,
Moore,
Jones. Ruston.
Murray.
Skinner.Vidouze. Bate. Crab.
Green. Thompson.Douglas.Wilson.
Shepperd. Locker. Wilme.Thompson,
West, BiUing, Currie.Champion.Forster,
Wyer.
Nixon. West.Cassidy. Wilson.
Fraigneau, L,
Williamson,

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

603

ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES— COWtzwIied.

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

NAME OF PARENT.

MASTER

TO WHOM BOUND,

1763

John

.Adaras.

Richard Adams.

Alex.

Gordon,

George

Harkness.

George Harkness.

Jonath'n Ruston.

Anthony

Van Trieght,

George Van Trieght,

Vere

Forster,

Thomas

Rylans,

Edward Rylans.

Francis

Jones.

Robert
CoweU,
George CoweU.
Henrv
Billing.
1764
Willm.
Gordon.
Alex. Gordon, clockmaker.
Alex.'
Gordon.
Christr.
Nangle.
Martin Nangle.
John
Sherwin,
wnim.
Osborn.
Richard Osborn.
Wm.
Wilme.
Denis
M'Owen.
Edward M'Owen.
T.
Billing.
John
M'Cannon.
Hector M'Cannon.
C
Skinner.
John
Wade.
Thomas Wade.
Joseph
Nixon.
Robert
Clarke.
Robert Clarke.
John St
John.
Will.
Finlay.
John Finlay.
Francis
Jones.
James
Corcoran,
Silvester Corcoran.
Will.
Raymond.
Geo.Davis Sherry,
Andrew Sherry.
W.
Wilme.
Anthony
Lee,
Anthony Lee.
R.
Calderwood.
George
Brush.
Jaraes Brush.
R.
Calderwood.
John
Mestayer.
Chas. Mestayer.
David
Boraes.
Mark
Walsh.
Matthew Walsh.
James
Dyer,
Robt. Jnc
.Smith.
Robt,
Smith.
Daniel
Crosby.
Thos,
Nuttall.
1765
Henry
Kelly.
WiU,
Dolittle.
Joshua
Wolfe.
M'iU,
Bate.
John
Earls.
Chas.
Dowdall.
Will.
Law.
WUL Law.
Will,
Townsend.
Samuel
Berminghara.
Joanna Berraingham,
W.
Wilme.
Sam.
Laughlin.
Philip Laughlin,
Alex,
Richards.
. oseph
Fish.
Rev, John Fish,
John
Locker.
John
.Anderson.
James Anderson.
Dan,
Popkins.
Matthew
Goggin.
Will Goggin,
W.
Townsend,
George
Beere.
Geo, Beere, goldsmith.
Geo.
Beere,
1766
WUl.
Smythe.
Will. Smythe.
David
Bomes,
Joseph
Kingsraill.
P. Kingsraill.
John
Moore,
Anthony
Bourne.
Anthony Bourne.
John
Locker,
Francis
Bower.
Jonathan Bower,
Richard
Williams.
Jaraes
Jacob.
James Jacob,
Jonath'n Ruston.
Robt.
French.
Calfrey French,
John
Ebbs,
1767
Jaraes
Spring.
George Spring,
James
Vidouze,
John
Leake.
John Leake,
Will.
Steele,
James
St. Clare,
Charles St, Clare,
Henrv
Billing,
George
Hamersley,
John Hamersley,
W.
Wilme.
1768
Lewis
Johnson.
Francis Johnson,
Benj.
Wilson.
David
Henderson,
John Henderson.
David
Peters.
Thomas
BlundeU,
Joseph BlundeU,
Thomas
BlundeU,
WUl.
Power.
Richard Power,
Joseph
Nixon.
Robt.
Breading.
John Breading.
WUl.
Hughes,
John
Dalrymple.
John Dalrymple, goldsmith.
John
Dalrymple.
Alex.
Barry.
John Barry.
WiU.
Beere,
Alex.
Laughlin,
John
Laughlin, jun.
John
Grant,
St. Neil Grant.
Poole
Taylor,
1769
John
Beauchamp,
Joseph Beauchamp.
WiU,
Townsend,
Robert
Moore,
John Moore.
John
West,
John
Franks,
Thos. Franks.
Patrick
Walsh,
John
Kelly.
Will. Kelly.
James
Vidouze,
Henry
Nalty.
Henry Nalty.
WiU,
Hughes,
James
Wilson.
Benj. Wilson, Dublin, goldsmith.
Benj,
Slack,
James B.
Esdail.
John
Laughlin,
Michael
Grahara.
Will.
Steele,
Will,
Bridgraan.
Joseph Bridgman, Dublin, goldsmith (deed.]
John
Sherwin,
1770
Daniel
Beere.
George Beere, goldsmith.
George
Beere,
1771
James
Fletcher.
Joseph
Nixon,
Sara.
Allen.
John
Laughlin, J.
Gustavu!
Burne.
Thos. Burne, Dublin, goldsmith.
Chas.
Townsend.
.Michael
Connor.
David
Peter, G.S,
Will.
Sherwin,
John Sherwin, goldsmith.
John
Sherwin, G,S,
Garrett
English.
Matthew West, G.S,
Robert
Cubbin.
(From Isle of .Man,)
Darby
Kehoe, G,S,
1772
Alex,
Gordon,
Alex, Gordon, watch and clock maker.
Alex,
Gordon,
6o4

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,

ENROLMENTS OF APPRENTICES — continued.

NAME OF APPRENTICE.

1772

Arthur

Farrell.

Francis

Barnett.

Jaraes

Thorp.

1773

Gore

Sherwin.

Walter

Young.

Robert
Turner.
Robert
French.
Michael
Graham.
1774
Henry
Wilme.
John
Austin.
Chas.
BlundeU.
Robert
Thornhill,
1775
James
McCoy,
Prussia
Powell,
1776
John
Forster.
George
Fitzpatrick.
Humphy
. Byrne.
James
Jones.
John
Brooks,
1777
WiU.
McMurray,
James
Jones.
Robert
Holmes.
1778
John
M'Clenihan.
Matt.
Bellew.
Thos.
Anderson.
Joseph
Brownly.
Joseph
Ridley.
1779
Edward
JoUie.
1780
Christr.
Donovan,
Sam
Hawthorn,
J. Orson
Walsh
(ran away 1784).
John
Tudor.
1781
George
Mason.
1782
Joseph
Johnson,
Isaac
Jones,
1784
John
Charles,
Edward
Breading,
John
Power.
Thomas
Shannon.
1785
Will.
Wheeler.
Henry
Nalty,
1786
Thos.
Egerton.
1787
Edward
Fisher.
Thos.
Townsend.
1788
Tobias
Shannon.
Arthur
O'NeiU.
1789
James
Hartley.
1790
Barth.
Austin.
1791
Daniel
Nelson.
1792
Will,
Teare.
1794
Jonathan
Close.
1795
Edward
Egerton.
1796
James
Richardson,
1800
WiU, D,
Stubbs,
1801
Geo, Hy,
Burke,
1802
Matt,
Law,
John
Keene,
1804
Philip
Weekes.
1806
WiU.
Gaisford.
1804
John
Cockburn.
1806
John
Brown.
1 808
Thos.
Gonne,
1809
WiU.
Robinson,
1810
Rich.
Chichester,
1823
Joseph
Scrutten,
NAME OP PARENT.
John Sherwin, Dublin, goldsmith.
from W. Steele to
Will. Wilme, jeweller.
Vere Forster, Dublin, jeweller, deed.
Thos. Byrne, Dublin, goldsraith.
Robert Holmes, Dublin, jeweller.
Stephen Walsh, Dublin, goldsmith.
Richard Tudor, Dublin, goldsmith.
Arthur O'Neill, Dublin, goldsmith.
Sam. Close, Dublin, goldsmith.
Nephew of Edward Egerton, goldsmith.
Will Law, Dublin, goldsmith.
John Keene, DubUn, goldsmith.
Thos. Gonne, Dublin, jeweller.
[ End of Entries, ]
MASTER TO WHOM BOUND.
W. Wilme, J.
John Clarke, G.S.
A. Gordon, W.M.
Poole Taylor, G.S.
Thos. Blundell, W.M.
Richard William, G.S.
John Ebbe, W.M.
Abrah'm Bate, J.
WiU. Wilrae, J.
Nathan Murray, Eng'vr.
Will. Osborne, J.
Will. Hughes, G.S.
Matt West, G.S.
Matt. West, G. S.
John Laughlin, J.
WiU. Hughes, G.S.
W. Law, G.S.
Thos. Jones, G.S.
Chas. Townsend, G.S.
Ebenezer Orr, J.
WiU. Hughes, G.S,
W. Bates, J,
C Townsend, G.S,
Pat, Walsh, J.
Thos, Jones, G,S,
David Peter, G.S,
John Lloyd, G,S.
R. WiUiams, G.S.
John Lloyd, G.S.
Joseph Jackson, G.S.
Poole Taylor, J.
Richard
John John M.
Thos.
JosephRobertWill.
JohnJohnJoseph Robt. WiU.
R.
JohnGeorgeJoseph
John Will.
Sam.
Robt. Edward
JamesJoseph Sam.WiU.
John Sam.John R. M.
Thos.Thos. S.Matt.
Tudor, G.S.
Wade, J.
Dufour, J.
Jones, G.S.
Jackson, G.S,
Breading, G,S.
Power, G,S,
Wade, J.
Wade, J.
Jackson, G.S.
Breading, G.S.
Ward, G.S.
Breading, G.S.
Wade, J.
Campbell, G.S,
Jackson, G,S,
Austin, G,S,
Power, G,S,
Teare, G,S,
Williaras, G,S.
Egerton, G.S.
M'Coy, G.S,
Jackson, G,S,
Close, Engr' ver.
Law, G,S,
Keene, G.S,
NevUl, G,S,
West, G,S,
Breading, G.S,
West, G,S,
Gonne, J.
Gonne, J,
Nevill, G,S,
Law, G,S,
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

605

LIST OF OU.ARTER BROTHERS AND JOURNEYMEN
WHO WORKED IN DUBLIN FROM 1661 (THE EARLIEST ENTRy) TO I738 AXD FROM 1744 TO 1775-
Quarter Brothers (sometimes called " Foreigners," a comprehensive term which included all goldsmiths
who were not "freemen" of the Company), were time-expired apprentices and immigrant goldsmiths
who were aUowed to work and enjoy certain privileges by paying quarterly contributions to the funds
of the Company, The date over each group of names is that of first appearance in the Company's
books. Many of the names reappear at later dates, but are not repeated in the following list except
when they seem to pertain to a different person.

1661-3. EastRutter Haynes
LovelaceCliftonGodfreyHiol (Hall ?)
Claw
DixonVoyseen (Voisin)
Drake Walsh Dillon
1664-5. Johnson Vallance, gone 1664
Cohland (Coghlan?)
Gregory
1666-7. Cope Kelly.Mansell Hyett (Hyatt)
Cox
Bennett, gone 1672
Davison
1668-9. ShawDickson
Arras
1669-70. Farmer
Walsh, d. 1671
Bryne Mercer
Boltee, gone 1673
1670-1. Barnard, gone
Racyne (Racine)
Sterne Destaches Corry
Rowse Brooks, gone 1673
Henman
1671-2.
Thoraas Cleraent, gone 1673
Nathaniel Hutchinson
Robt. Balme
Thos. Hartstoiie,gone 1672
Richard Archbold
John PoweU
Lewis Farran, gone 1673
Francis Cobham

John Thomas
John PaulFrancisThomasRichard Will.
John Abraham
Nathaniel Robt.Robt.

Ralph
John EdmondAndrew-

JohnJames Fred.
John
John Francis
Will.

John
John Nicholas

John ThomasDenis
PeterDaniel

WUl.
PeterThomas
John FerdinandWiU.Thos.
John

1674.
John Wyse
George Webster, gone
Andrew Mainwaring, gone
Thos. Cleghorne
John Boillot
Francis Souder
James Kirkwood , gone 1 674
John Atkins, gone 1675
Will. Norton

675-6.

WiU.

Elphinstone

Matthew

La Roche

Thos.

Rutter, jun.

John

Phillips

John

Martin

Henry

Jones

Andrew

Rensoe

Peter

Mysser

John

Heath

1677-8.

Edmund

Godfrey

Will.

Fitzgerald

Glover

Johnson

Richard

St. Lawrence

WiU.

Bedford

Robt.

Elphinstone

Abraham

Blanchard

Humphrey

Newall

George

Porafrett

Will.

Billinghurst

Lawrence

Salraon

1679.

Thomas

Ovin

Robt.

Chappell

John

Lewis, d. i58o

John

Ohem

John

Cressy

David

Weston, d. i58o

WiU.

Fitzgerald

John

Barnard

Richard

HiU

Edmund

Lambe, gone 1680

Alexander

Forbes

Nicholas

Shaller

Humphrey

HanweU, gone 1680

1680-1.
Nathaniel
Hutchinson, d, 1682
Job
Hopkins
Richard
Archbold
William
Archbold
John
Elkins (or Ecklin)
Chas. De la Main, gone 1681
James
Weldon
Stephen
NoUaby
James
Barrett, gone 1681
Nicholas ThomasEbenezerEdmund
John Alex.
John
1682. PantainDalston CawdronWaller
Melcarkern Forbes
Humphreys
1683-4.
John Bulkley
Thomas Marker
Timothy Hevvin (or Hevin),
d. 1708
1685-6.
Mark
Cooke, d. 1692
John
Murphy
George
Lyon
Henry
Sherwin
Henry
Nevill
Edward
Karr
Arthur
Maungee
.A.braham
Sorett
Oliver
Platt, d. 168S
Peter
Devin
.\lexander
Gordon
Michael
Snelling
Samuel
f Williamson
t Wilson
Thomas
Fisher
_ ames
Fawcett
John
Wall, d. 1692
Edward
Starkey
Walter
Goughagan
Thomas
Jenkins
Gregory
Street, d. 1688
Michael
Gaven
Robt.
Nevill.
I690-I.
Joseph Jones
Will. Cooper
Peter Paris (or Parry)
Will. Berry
Michael Haynes.
1692-3.
Conway Mace
Florence Sykes (or Six)
Anthony Stanley
Richard Hill
James Thompson
Joseph Whitchurch
Jasper Lavell
Nathaniel Higgins (mentioned)
Robt. Ince
Jarvis Thurlby
6o6 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,
LIST OF QUARTER BROTHERS AND JOURNEYMEN — continued.

1692-3.

1698-g.

1702-3.

Anthony

Dono

Thos.

Burton

John

Carter

John Dan

Dalhusius

.Anthony

Teare

John

Smart

John

Matthews

Peter

Venables

WiU.

Bates

Samuel

Wilder

Jonathan

Kingham

Benj.

Goodwin

Jabin

Hawkins

Francis

Boyd

Christopher Kind

Thomas

Desborough

George

Joyce

Gamaliel

Mauritius, gone 1706

Walter
Sherlock
Will.
Lions
1694-5.
Gideon
Donoe
Francis
Rivers
1704-5-
John
Doutoung
1700.
Henry
Matthews
Thomas
Parker
James
Champion
Paul
Townsend
John
Parker
John
Paturle
Edw.
Sweetenham
John
Bennett
Richard
Bouchett
Thos.
Rasin (Racine?)
Joseph
Bennett
James
Cotton
George
Gillingham
Joseph
Graves
Will.
Keys, d. 1702
Will.
Shields, d. 1707
WiU.
Croft
Nicholas
Leiness
Thos.
Coakeley
Jabes
Morris
John
Sale
James
Blanchard
WiU.
l\iee
Thos.
Court
Francis
Humphreys
Solomon
Goodaire
Robt.
Anderton
Robt.
Evers
Thos,
Cooper
Nathaniel
Bulling
WiU.
Marshall
Christoph
er Waggoner
John
Pattison
James
Young
Hugh
Law
George
Farrington
1696.
Robt.
Nevill
George
Smart
John
Matthews
Richard
Smart
Jas.
Scott
Thomas
Cooke
Peter
Leroy
Timothy
MuUineux
Dan.
Norris
1706-7.
Will
Pridham
Henry
Tyre
John
Williaras
Peter
Bolio (or Beaulieu)
Samuel Fergus
Robt.
Lemesier
Reilv
Noble
John
Whitfield
George
Lyng
David
Price
Thos.
Mekins
Richard
CahiU
John
Rouston
Erasmus
Cope
1701.
Edward
Hall
1697-8.
WUl.
Palmer
John
Walker
Isaac
Swan
Mortagh
Dowling
WiU.
Ross
WiU.
Norris
Anthony
Geard (Gerrard)
James
Foucault
Charles
I-iossiter
Robt.
Pilkington
WiU.
Betagh
Robt.
Gursuch
Dan.
Norris
John
Wise
David
Rummy (or Romey),
Henry
Vyse
Will.
Hester
d. 1729
Skinner
Robt.
I'orbes
Abraham
Barboult
WiU.
Jonathan
Gerrard
Gilbert
Lane
James
Walker
John
Cooper
Richard
Archbold
George
Parker
Richard
Coban, and in 1715
169S-9,
Edward
Nelthorp
Benjamin
Hawley
Prosser
Brown
Lawrence
Bourke, gone 1712
Richard
Eycott
John
AVilliaras
Robert
Gilchrist
Peter
Leroy
Thos.
Bradshaw
Isaac
Finch
1702-3.
1709.
Alexr,
Masterson
Benj.
Manjoy (or
John
Norton
Edward
Barret
Mountjoy)
John
Whiting
John
Bollard
Mangham
James
Charles
Moore
James
Burne
John
Norton
John
Lewis
Robt,
Shepperd
oshua
Travers
Richard
Holden (or Holding)
Peter
Pennet
Will.
Sinclair
George
Lions, d. 1722
Patrick
Smith
Edward
Dowdall
John
Williarason
Richard
Preston
John
Slater
Neheraiah
Donallan
Thos.
Sumpner
Will,
Wheatley
Joseph
Jones
Thos.
Burton
Thos,
Wheeler
Peter
Lemesier
Thos.
Matthews
Will.
Smckler
John
Sterne
1710.
Thos,
Hall
Thos,
Hartwell, & to 1739
Matthew
Hoes, and in 1721
Ahasuerus
Hartwick
Thos,
Slade
Henry
Tyrer
Christopher Hartwick |
Philip
Kinnersly
Robert
Forbes
Isaac
Cousin
Robt.
Cuffe
Nicholas
Leiness
Thomas
Elliott
John
Crampton
Mahon
James
WiU.
Palmer
Paul
Romey
Will.
Bates
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.
LIST OF QUARTER BROTHERS AND JOURNEYMEN — continued.

607

1710,

1713-14-

1720-1.

Sarauel

Fitteley

George

Pilkington

Joseph

NeviU

Daniel

Washbourne, d, 1713

Noah

Vialas

Chas.

Lemaitre

Martin

Billing

John

Ball

Will.

Boales

Thoraas

Deane

Will

JI ester

James

Taylor

Thomas

Carrick

WiU.
Williarason
Jacob
Pountson
1715-16,
John
Wilraott
Jas, Matt,
Daniel
Robt.
Wilmore
Edward
Somerwell
Henry
Gardner
Daniel
Heyford
WiU.
Fawcett
Thomas
Williamson
Thos.
Craven
Edward
Morris
John
Walker
Thos.
Huddy
Benj.
Wood
PhiUip
Kinnersley, jun.
John
Ball
John
Gumley
Samuel
Desserett
Solomon
Gibbs, d. 1728
1711.
Joseph
Booth
Robt,
Samuel
WillmoreGlades
Joshua
Travers
1717-18.
John
Brown
Jabes or
iToueh, d, 1723
T ,, f went to
^"''n London 1723
, ohn
Whiting
John
King
Jacob John
''rancis
Robert Thos,
Begg
Ackin, G.S,
Jolly
John
Hall (mentioned)
1722.
Hosea
Lumley
Thos,
Sutton
WiU,
Rhodes
Richard Matthew- Henry
Clarke
Wilson Ireland
Charles
JohnJohn
MayoDowns Mitchell
Will.Thos. Richard
Caddow
TorapionSpencer
Francis
Betagh
Edward
Tute
WUl.
Madders
Nicholas
Bird
Will.
Sutton
1712.
Richard
CahiU
Jaraes
Carter
PhiUp
Brash
John
Labase
Joseph
Holland
Mark
Twelves
John
WiUme
Edward
Jones (ment'd, 1723)
George
Carr
John
Hall
Peter
Franaux
J,
Rigby
1724.
Thomas
Dean
WiU
Hester, dead 1722
Robt.
Pilkington
Hewitson WiUiamson
JohnJohn
Sully Carrick
HenryWiU
Willin Caddock
MichaelRobt.
Richard
Matthews
Will
Bennett
Jaraes
Thiboe
ThomasPeterDJivid
Duel!, and in 1715
GervaisParry
John RichardCharles
BradleyBakerDuplasey
Richard
James Samuel
Barry Correges
Truelove, d. 1726
Jeremiah
Morgan
Will
Freeze
Michael
Smyth
1719, Bennett Marchant
James
Turner
Francis
1713-14- Florio
WillSamuel
R ichard
George
Forester Cartwright
IsaacWiU,
Richard
Bedford
Stone Scott
Nathan Charles
Joel
MurryGood, (d, 1721)
Hulbert
Robt. David
John
BiUing
Gordon Ravenscroft
Wilm Moore
Christoph
er Thorapson
John
Bingham
John John
Will.
Streeter
Isaac
Rumble
John
Hodgkinson
Joseph
Gradell
Benjamin
Boove
Joseph
Herrick
1725-
Will.
Jones
Rutland
Gill
Ben,
Correges, d. 1728
Jonas
Headon
Robt,
Punch
WiU,
Swift
Michael
Read
John
Gale
Benj.
Fenner
Will.
Woples
Eleazer
Jones, dead 1723
WiU.
Oven
Edward
Sturgess
Richd,
Jones
George
Saunderson
Jaraes
Mackey
James
BoUegne (ment'd,)
Thos.
Barron
Jacob
Ferrar
Matthew
Duruson „
John
Johnson
¦Stephen
Ferrar
Charles
Ball
Charles
Harris
1720-1,
George
Croft (or Cross)
Thomas
Daniel
Charles
WaU
Edward
Smallwood
John
Barry
John
Turner
Samuel
Brown
Matthew
Copeland
Martin
Kirkpatrick
Stephen
Grey
Walter
Bendall
Will.
Hildreth
Matthew
Roper
John
Hood (also Whood)
Robt.
Holraes
Henry
Cole
Stephen
Ferrne
-Mexr.
Loriraer
John
Nangle
Joseph
Wright
Chas.
Leslie
WiU,
Walsh, 1744
Alexr.
Moore
Joseph
Tate
Wingfield
Broderick
Matthew
Dawson
1 John
Sale
George
Lyon
6o8 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
LIST OF QUARTER BROTHERS AND JOURNEYMEN  continued.

1727-8.

1732-3-

1736.

John

Fenny

James

O'Neal, d. 1733

Thos.

Wadraan

Thomas

Sraarley (Cork)

Peter

Lacost

Arthur

Leech

Ralph

Vizard

John

Smith

Will.

Wilkinson

Peter

Tonnery

Rowland

Savage

Alexander

Power

Joseph

Holland

Richard

Foster

WiU.

Carroll

Thos,

Hayford

Thos.

MaeuUa

WiU.

Guppy

Benj.

Wood

Sarauel

Shellv

David

Radsford

Warham

Tearfield, d. 1733

Richard

Rice'

John

Burdett

Barth.

Potts

Barth

Stokes

John

Whitehott

Nicholas

Dowdall

Jacob

Mills

Angus

Dowding

Jacob

Mills

Dan

Walker

John

Daniel

Will.

Walsh

Josias

Mears

John

Loe

John

Turner

John

Gaskin

Thomas de Lemerest

Jaraes

Glaseoe

Paul

Custos

Benj.

Martin

Isaac

Doloares (D'Olier) ?

Thos.

Coote

Henry
Gardiner
.Archibald
Sraith
1737-
Richard
Pollard
Garrett
Farrell
WiU.
Savile
Benjarain
Stokes
Benj.
George
Alexr.
Shelly
Will.
Bates, jun.
Robt.
Burfield, died 1737
Wilkinson
Nathaniel
Fawden
Power
Joseph
Holland (raent'd.)
1734-
JamesJaraes
Vidouze Pickering
1729.
Peter
Desenard
Will,
Williamson, jun.
Will.
Curry
John
Fortnum
1738-
Robt,
Cope
John
Hawtry
Daniel
Walker
Matthew
Brown
Benj.
Smith
John
Rogers
Alexr.
Richards
Francis
Sraith
Barth.
Popkins
Clear
1t3 i
Joshua
Crarapton
John
Gy es
or Cesar
j Beates
James
Delasale
Philip
Glaseoe
Will.
Burie
Nathaniel
Lowe
Robt.
Glanville
Thomas
Mitchell
Albert
Hamon
George
Townsend
1731-
Joseph
Foxall
Adam
Tate, jun.
John
Davis
Vere
Foster
Richard
Farren
John
Banks
No Entries i7^Q-4.^.
Henry
Sadare
Daniel
Beringues
,
Andrew
Peterson
George
Burford
John Jas.
Turner
Matt,
Alanson or Allison
1744-
James
Templeton
Edward
Walsh
Thos.
MeCuUagh
Edw,
Broadhurst
Thoraas
Huddy
John
Jesson
Will,
Hadcock
Nathaniel
Murray
Thos.
Quin, d. 1735
Will,
Townsend
Joseph
Taafe
Richard
Wyat
Thos.
Bell, d. 1736
Richard
Masterson
James
Douglas
WUl,
Skinner
Robert
Holraes
Samuel
Walker
Christr,
Skinner
David
Gordan
Jaraes
Taylor
Daniel
Hainon
WiU.
Walsh
John
Bingham
Thoraas
Foxcroft
James
Glasco
Will.
Minehin
Abraham
Man deft
Philip
Glasco
Robt.
Rogers
Will,
Percival
Richard
Pollard
Ralph
Woodhouse
Thoraas
I^ell
Thomas
Hayford
David
Bomes
WiU.
Teate, d 1736
Richard
Farren
Will.
Madden
John
Rogers
Michael
Conner
1736-
Robert
Rogers
James
Neale
Will.
Beates
Thos.
Rogers
Septimus
Ciscell
Barth.
Potts
Ambrose
Colcott, d. 1735
Christopher Clarke
Samuel
Walker
Francis
Ouinn
Will.
English
George
Hodgkisson
Kirk
Ryves
Philip
Portail
Thomas
Johnson
Stephen
Royall
Adyhaduck Andrews
Thomas
Lilly
Silvester
Ince
Archibald
Smith
Jas.
Pickering
Bridgman
John
Rigmaiden
Christopher Lockard
Joseph
Robt.
Savage
Henry
Standish
Thoraas
Burton
WiU.
Berney
Henry
Pepitt
Jaraes
Walker
George
Smart
Richard
Wyatt
Grey
Townsend
James
Charapion
George
Dent
Nathaniel
Lowe
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

609

LIST OF QUARTER BROTHERS AND JOURNEYMEN — continued.

James ThomasFrancisDaniel Levy
Daniel
Samuel
John Will.
Jas. Edward
David
John .AnthonyJohn George

1744- McCrearyVerneyGore
BringyWolf Pineau
Epwell Fearns
Digby
Robinson Lord Radford
NearnySergeant McDowal
Murphy

Marmaduke Webb
Daniel Pomerede
Robert Hopkins
 Finlay
Will. Meager

John Thoraas
Sam. ThomasThoraas

Thomas Thomas
PeterAnthony Charles
EdwardJohnPeterRobert GeorgeEdwardEdwardHenry Francis
JohnGeorge

1745-6- Ringland Cornwall
WilsonHart
Saunderson
1747-8. ShepperdMeConnell Dumain Cavanagh
Gillespie.Moore
Laughlin Wingfield
Rose
Clarke Cogan Wright
Sankey Daniel
Pittar Chalmers

Edward Chas.
Jonathan Richard
Jas. JohnJohn Anthony Wallace
John Thos. MichaelWill.
George

1751- MocklerMcLaughlin
Hutton Keatley Pickering
Sea well
Correge
Bate
& Warm an
Kelly
Lee F'owler
ParryI'urnaee

HenryRobt.Burton
James Robt.Lawrence
John Edward Michael
John Robt.John

Francis
WiU.Benj,WiU,
John R ichard
John Adara Matthias
Richard
Alexr.WiU.

1752-3- Molier Fisher
Wright
Wyer Cope
DoranNangle
Eccleston Byrne
SlaterGraham WalkerFreeth
1754-5- Crookshank
GilloisI-CnoxSm alley
StaffordDalryraple SonleyStedmanFragneau Chambers
GardinerCunninghamStewart
West

1749.

WiU.

Byrne

Thomas

Bull, d. 1760

Benj.

Slack

George

Wilkinson

Henry

Chadwick

 ->

Carmichael

Henry

BiUing

Alexr.

Lilly

1751-

WUl.

Steele

Thos.

Appleby

Robt.

Smith

John

Field

George

Trulock

John

Gaskin

Dan.

McNeal

1756-

Moses
HughAlexr.

Verney Caddell
Gordon

John Matthew

SherwinRead

Samuel

Wilson

1758-
Peter
Rousset
Richard
Will.
Kelly Homer
Alexr.
Christie
1759-
George
Sam.
HiU
Teare
Thos.
Matt.John
Jas. WiU.Michael
1759- HartLemaistre Harrison
1760. HolmesMoore
Cormick
Robt. Chas.
WUl. FrancisHaydockDanielWill.
Jas. Thos.Edmund
Richard
John
John RichardRichard Richard
JosephJohn Matt.HughMosesMichaelEdward
1761. Holmes
CraigWilliamson
Sraith Andrews
Pomarede Meagher
Black Williamson
CogganGardiner d, 1762
Gaskin
ReiUy SonlyCogganGraham
Taafe
Mason Stedman ChambersCunningham^'erneyWalsh
Grumly
Richard
Harrison

Walsh
Jas.
Holmes

McDonell
Bruce
Michael
Cormack
Charles
HuU, d. 1766
John
Davison
Robt,
Atkinson
John
Moore, jun.
Jacob
WiUs
Israel
Wolfe
WiU.
Bond
Thos.
Green
Philip
Brew

Sturdy
Isaac
BuU, d. 1762
John
Ruxton
Thos.
Martin
Thos.
Meakins
George
Bambridge
Grahara
George
Thompson
Chas.
Caffrey
Campbell
David
Jonquer
Abraham
Tuppy
Eleazer
Warren
Thos.
Nuttle
Matt.
Copeland, d. 1764
39
6io

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
LIST OF OUARTER BROTHERS AND JOURNEY.VIEN — Continued.

1762.

1765-6.

1770.
George
Horn
Darby
Kehoe
George
Crossthwaite
John
Ebbs
Barnaby
Vizier
Samuel
Close
Chas.
Jones
Will.
Bond'
Joy
Fumbaily
J .
Hutton
Bruce
Garrett
Fitzgerald
Josnua
Chas.
Carthy
John
Nicholan (Nicklin)
1763-
French & Keating
Sam.
Holraes
1771-2.
Sam.
Busby
Owen
Hart
Chas.
Cathry
WiU,
Digby
Michael
Keating
Bernard
Dolahoyde W..M.
Edward
Eccleston
c.,.,^
'\A^il cr,Ti
Ho wan
Reilly
Ambrose
Nicholan (Nicklin)
oam.George
VV llbOll
Wilkinson
John
Robt.
Srayth
1764.
1767.
Nugent
Booker
Michael
Archdeacon
John
Davison
James
Brush
Paul
Barnwell
Will.
French
John
Bolland
Isaac
Crab
Will.
Howard,
W.M.
John
Digby
Joshua
Emerson
Richard
Bristow, G.S. raent'd
Thos.
Howes
Chas.
GillespieGraydon Hunt
Richard
Ward
Win.
Keen
George Thos.
1768.
Thos.
John
Williarason
Walker
George
Horn
Willra.
Wiseman
, ment'd as
Jas.
Carter, J'yman, G.S.
Matt,
J.emaitre
dead
1773-
GeorgeEbenezerRobt.
Layng Orr Owens
Edward
Moore, W.M., ment'd
1769-
Robt.Francis
Woggan Walsh
Francis
Smith
1775-
Robt.
Smith
Will.
Moore
Thos.
Martin
Jonathan
Taylor
John
Moore
John
Pittar
[No MORE Entries of Quarter Brothers.]
NAMES OF DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS REGISTERED IN THE BOOKS OF THE COMPANY
IN 1784 AND FOLLOWING YEARS.*
-The Statute 23 and 24 George IU. e. 23 (Ireland 1783) enacted that from and after 9th September,
1784, no merchant, manufacturer, or dealer in gold or silver wares should buy, sell, exchange, or
export any gold or silver wares or pearls without first registering his name and place of abode
with the Corapany of Goldsmiths in Dublin, under a penalty of £100. (See page 540).
1784.
]
784.
1784.
Alexr. D.
Brown
Jaraes B.
Mahon
Samuel
Close
James
Kinzie
Samuel
Holmes
James
Campbell
Samuel
Guinness
Ann
Cormick
Dennis
I""rey
Thomas
HiU
Charles
White
James
Vigne
C A.
Kelly
Will, Thos
Archer
Thos. Eben
. Strahan
Joshua
Whitehouse
Thomas
Baker
Patrick
Walsh
Thomas
Whitehouse
Henry
Clements t&l
Smith j"
Moses
Moses
Benjamin
Henfrey
John
Andrew
Pitman
N. W.
Brady
Ambrose
Nicklin
Thomas
Atkinson
Job
Montgomery
Robert
Wyke
Andrew
Savage
Shean
Houston
Samuel
Jacobs
James
Brush
John
Young
Nicholas
Butler
John
Wade
John
Jellett
Thomas
Kellv
John
Cox
Eneas
Ryan
WUl.
Ward
John
Gordon
Frederick
May
Charles
Stokes
Arthur
O'NeiU
Israel
Wolf
Benjamin
Taitt
WiU.
Moore
Peter
Magennis
Owen
Cassidy
Mary
Dunne
John
Clarke & )
Rice ;
John
KeUy
Joseph
Daffron
James
James
Spring
Ignatius
Christian
Thomas
Kennan
Francis
Vidouze
Joseph
Bayley
Arthur
Farrell
John
Nicklin
James
XT Norton
Robert
Hunter
Thomas
Connor
James
Jones
Ann
Stafford
John
Wilkinson
Sarauel
Baird
WiU. D.
Moore
Jonathan
Robinson
Sarauel
Wilkinson
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

)i I

GOLDSMITHS REGISTERED IN THE BOOKS OF THE COMPANY FROM 1 784.

1784.

John

Leake

John

Russell

WiU.

Power

Samuel

Busby

Thos.

Turpin

Will. Izod

Dogherty

Robt.

Roth

John

Keen

Michael

Homer

Elinor

Champion

Robt.

Smith

Samuel

Taylor

Christopher Haines

James

Mills

Eleazer

Warren

Jaraes

Hewett

WiU.

Johnson

John

Shiels

Robt.

Deane

Charles

Johnson

Joseph

Thrist

Alexander

Ticknell

Rich.

Williams

George

Fivey

Weston

Warrely

John

Freth

Lion

Davis

Jacob

Jetz

Robt.

Botts

John

Gibson

George

Robertson

Nathaniel

White

Matthew

O'Brien

PhiUp

MeDerraot

Wright,

Pike, & Co

Thoraas

Martin

Will.

Greer

Peter

Covey

Thoraas

Barber

Michael

Archdeacon

Thomas

Kinsela

Alexis

Livernet

WiU.

Rose

James

Robertson

John

McLean

Robt.

Moore

Jaraes

Kennedy

Michael

Rogers

John

MeCraith

Richard

Wilde

Rice

Jones

Will,

Lemaistre

Jerorae

Alley

Henry

Martin

Charles

Craig

John

Smith

Jeremiah

Bridgraan

I

785.

Robt.

Thompson

Young

Martin

John

Begg

John

Laughlin

Richard

Singleton

John

Shekleton

Griffin

Jones

Alex.

Barry

1785-

Archibald

Buchanan

John

Fawcett

Barnaby

Delahoyde

Samuel

Scott

Thomas

Farrell

Christopher Clarke

Samuel

Taylor

Will.

Howard

John

Huddy

John

Tweedie

Richd,

Williams

Alex.

Robertson

Patrick

Somers

John

Gibson

786.

Joseph

Twist

John

Paine

Thos. Pat.

Reilly, &

A.

Reilly

Thomas

Marley

Gaspard

Truitte

WiU.

Gethin

Leonard J.

Long

Edward

Percy

John

Daley

1787.
D. Pet^r Bayley, & \
T. Bayley j
John Rice
Isaac Davis

John

Broome

Jaraes

HamiU

GeorgeThomas

Nangle
Hart

Robt.

Eccleston

Henry

Nicholson

1789-

Martha
Joseph Robert

Gregory
Mandals Roth

Peter

Lemaistre

Surdeville

Kiernan

Thomas

Nixon

John

Payne

1790.

Isaac

Jones

1791.
Thomas
Adams
JamesJohn Patrick
EnglandMcEUray McEUray
Gustavus
Byrne
WiUiam
Bond
1792.
Michael
Smith
WiU.
Packer
1792.
Eneas Ryan
Henry Morgan
Christopher Donovan
John Rigby
John Hart
1793-
Thomas
Sly
John
Wharton
George
West
Thoraas
Fowler
George
Matthews
1794-
Christoph
er Haines, jun.
Patrick
Kainan
Jaraes
Anderson
John
Coleman
1795-
James
McCoy
James
Keating
Edward
Egerton
WiU.
Doyle
Henry
Nowlan
Will.
Thompson
Samuel
Neville
1796.
Jeremiah
D'Olier
John
West
1797.
Thomas
Townsend
Richard
Sawyers
Thomas
Le Fevre
John
Kearns
George
Connor
Archibald
Bell
John Ash
Rainey
John
Jackson
George
Wheatley
Thomas
Tudor
Joseph
Johnston
Robt.
Tomlinson
1798.
lioger
Carson
Thos.
Tracy
James
Poole & 1
Adams J
Thomas
Randall
Cashell
Walter
Peter
Thos.
Hopper & Co
1799.
Joseph
RaviU
Fred.
Buck
Daniel
Vennant
John
WiUington
James
Henderson
Thomas
Wilson
6x2 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
GOLDSMITHS REGISTERED IN THE BOOKS OF THE COMPANY — Continued,

1800.

Daniel

Egan

James

Connor

Michael

Murphy

Thomas

Bayley

George

Warner

Francis

Dunn

James

Scott

Thomas

Rourke

Houston Al^arley

Hopper

& Hannay

Roger

Kennedy

Mark

McLoughlin

Will.

Bradburv

Perkins

Flood

1801.

WUl,

Hannay

1802.

Henry

Nowland

Will,

Hamey

Will,

Binns

Henry

Rooke

.Alex.

Wheatley

Lewis

Williarason

Barnaby

Vizer

Will.

Gurty

Christr.

Robinett

John

Twycross

Charles

Stewart

WiU.

Frederick

J.B,

Jamillion

John

Clarke & )

Jacob

West f

Richard

.Aj-chbold

1804,
Hugh
MeConnell
Samuel
Smith
Will,
Morgan
Edward
Kelly
John
West
Isaac
Farrington
1805,
Thomas
Farley
Joseph
Francis
1806.
James
Brush
1809.
Richard
Speer
1814.
Edwd.
Murray
1821.
Hy.
Flavelle
Thos.
Groves
Jas.
Johnson
1822.
Rich. Wm
. Osborne
Smith &
Gamble
1823.
Richd.
O'Donnell
1827.
D.
Moulang
1830.
Thos. Morpe.
1831,
Edmd, Johnson
1832.
Thos. Low
1834,
Jas, Brady
John Mooney
1835-
Thos. Meade
John Warren
1836.
John Clark
Hughes & F"rancis
Ed. & Jos. Johnson
1837-
Geo. Twycross
1840.
J. Francis
1841.
Michael Nowlan
N.T.
J.J.J.Jos. C
Thos,
Ann
J, W,
Joseph Arthur Michael
Edwd. Kapp
Hy.
W.
D.
Samuel W.
Thos.
1842. Burdge.
1845- Barton Gamble MahonySmyth
Johnson
1847. Cummins, jun.
Mason
CumminsDoneganLynn
1849- Gardner
1850. Needhara
1851. JohnsonKeating
1853- Topham
1855-
Bros. 1856. Flavelle, jun.
Atcheson
1859. Goyer Le Bass
3860. PercivalSmyth
J. Ed.
J. Mars.I'rancis
A.
J. R.
JamesThos.Ed.
C
Patrick
J, D.
Wra.Thos.
John
Jas.
1861. JCeatingPowell
Scriber
1862. TrenchMartin
1864. Hutton
Ryan West & Son
1865. BrunkerJohnson, jun.
Waterhouse
1866. StewartDonegan
1867. I3ryeeLawsonMason
Pelin
1869. Panton
1870. Walsh
1871. Wickham
Wur & Rogers
Parder Sa Werner.
1872. WeirRogers
1874- Cummins
Thos.
A.
Ignatius ' 1875-
McDowell Bros.
Jos.
J.
Walsh
1876, Redmond
1877.
Wm. Hendricken
West & Son
1880.
O'Connor & Dillon.
1881.
Saml. H. Wright
1883.
D. Moulang
Walker & Pim
Winder & Lamb
Henry Hopkins
-And others whose names appear
in the maker's-name columns of
the last three tables of Marks on
Dublin Plate, on pages 569-71
ante.
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

6i

NAMES OF DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS FOUND IN DIRECTORIES FROM 1760 TO 1808,
BUT NOT IN OFFICIAL LISTS OF FREEMEN OF THE GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY.
G.S.=goldsraith ; S.S. ^silversmith ; W.M.=watehraaker ; W.C.M,^=wateh-ease raaker ; J,=jeweller,

D.4TE,

Name and Designation,

Date,

N

AME AND DeSIGSNATION.

1800-8

Rainey

Asshe

W.M.

1786-8

Alexander

Gordon & Son

W.M,

1762

Elizabeth

Brown

1786-8

George

Graydon

W.M,

1764

Isaac

Bull

W.M.

1760-4

Robert ¦

Hopkins

G,S,

Robert

Burton

G.S.

1790-1

Walter

Harley

J, Si G,S,

1786-98

George

Bainbridge

W.M.

1786-98

James

Hewett

G.S,

1795

WiUiam

BaiUe

S.S.

1788-90

Thomas

HiU

J,

1786-91

Thomas

Baker

J.

1808

John

Hawkeslev & Co

G,S.&J.

1800

John

Bayly

G.S.

Jane
Hewett
J.
1786
George
Bambriek
W.M.
,,
Jaraes
Henderson
G.S. & J,
1798
James
Baker
J.
1786-8
Willm,
Howard
W,M,
1798-08
Charles
Barker
J, 81 W.M.
1808
J. A.
Henzel
S,S, & J,
1788-98
Isaac
Bedford
W.M.
JJ
F.
Hull
W,C,M,
1786-8
Anthony
Bate
,,
1786-8
Isaac
Hutchinson
J.
1798
Robert
Beeth
J,
1764
David
Johnson
W,M,
1785-98
John
Bolland
S.S,
1788
Josiah
Jackson
G.S, & J,
1786-98
Archibald
Buchanan
W.M,
1808
Erasmus W'
, Jenkins
J,
)>
Isaac
Bull
„
1786
Thomas
Johnson
W,M,
1798-00
Gusty
Byrne
G,S, & S.S.
1788
Willm.
Johnson
J.
1786
Sarauel
Busby
W. Ik Cl.M.
1786-8
Griffith
Jones
G,S.
1800-8
Jeremiah
Bridgman
G.S,
1788
David
Jonquiere
J,
1764
Robert
Calderwood
,,
1785-08
John
Ka\'anagli
S,S. & J.
James
Champion
J.
1788
Charles
Kavanagh
W.M.
„
Richard
Cogan
W.
1786
John
Kavanagh
G.S.
1786-91
Eleanor
Champion
J.
1800
Michael
Keating
S.S.
1798
Patrick
Cainen
J. & W.M,
1808
Jane
Keen
G.S,
1800-8
Michael
Cainen
G.S, & W.M.
„
Edward
Kelly
J,
1786
Ambrose
Clarke
W.M.
1764-86
Alexander
Lilly
,j
1798-08
William
Clarke
G.S, & J,
1788-98
George
Laing
J,
1786-8
Christopher Clarke
W.M.
1788
Henry
Le Maitre
W,AI,
1808
Clarke S.
West
G.S. & J.
1761-4
John
Moore, sen, iS: jun, G.S,
(wholesale)
1764
Nathan
Murray, sen, & j
un.
1786-8
George & A
. Clarke
G.S, & J.
1775
Charles
MuUin
G.S. & J,
1786-90
Clements & Srayth
G.S, & J.
1798-08
Owen
Maerara
J,
to His Majesty.
1786-8
John
M'Donough
W,M,
1808
Thomas
Connor
Vlfg. G.S. & J.
1798-08
Thos, cS: H3
, Manning
G,S, & J,
1788
Close &.
Jones
" G.S. &J.
1786-8
John
M'Lean
W,M.
1786-8
John
Crosthwaite
W.M,
1808
J-
Manley Mfg
, L & S.S.
1798
-Alexr,
Christie
,,
1786-S
Thomas
Martin
W.M.
1764-88
John
Dalrymple
W,M,
1798
WUUam
Mills
J.
1770
Richard
D'Olier
G,S.
1786-8
Frederick
May
W.M.
1764
Isaac
D'Olier & Son
1808
Thomas
Morgan
S.S,
1798-08
Joseph
Daffron
J, & W,
1786-8
John
Mestayer
J,
1786
John
Daniel
J.
1786-95
Ambrose
Moore
G,S, <& J,
1786-08
James..
Dalrymple
W,M,
1798
Michael C
Mullen
J-
1795-08
John
Daly
S.S,
1786-8
Robert
Murray
G,S,
1800
Michael
Devereux
G,S,
JJ
John
Nelson
W,M,
1798
WiUiam
Donovan
J,
1808
Osborne & Kevell
J,
1770
Samuel
Epwell
G,S.
1788
John
Peel
W,M,
1798
Egerton &. Pittar
G.S, & J.
1808
WiUiam
Poole
J,
1800
Egerton & Brown
G.S,
JI
John
Power
S,S,
1786-8
James
Esdail
J,
1764-86
John
Reily
W,M,
1795-8
James
England
s,s.
1798
Robert
Riehard.son
J,
1808
Barthw,
Farley
J-
1764
William
Sinclair
,,
1786
Francis
Fitzpatrick
W.M.
1786
Jno. &. Wm
Sherwin
G,S,
1808
Joshua
Franklin
G.S.
1795-08
Robert
Sraith
S,S, & J,
1786-8
Hugh
Fleming
W.M.
1786-0S
Mary Anne
Stafford G,S, & W,M,
1788
Henry
Gardiner
„
„
William
Sterling
W.M.
1786
Thomas
Glaseoe
„
1798
Matthew
Stewart
„ J-
1808
Thomas
Gonne
J.
1786-9S
Poole
Taylor
W,M,
6i4 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,
NAMES OF DUBLIN GOLDSMITHS FOUND IN DIRECTORIES^ — Continued,

Date,

Name and Designation,

Date,

Name and Designation

1762

Thomas

Thorp

G,S,

1786-8

George

Walker

W.M.

1786

Joshua

Tomey

W.M.

JJ

Francis

Walsh

J. & S.S.

1808

James

Twycross

G.S.

1808

Peter

Walsh

J.

1788

Francis

Townsend

))

1786-8

Richard

Ward W

& Clk.M.

1798-08

John

Tudor (warden

1808) „

1808

WiUiam

Ward

G.S,

1808

George

Turvey

J.

1786-8

Jarnes

Warren

W,M,

1786-08

Jaraes

Vigne

JJ

,

John

Weldon

JJ

1788

Barnaby

Vizer .

W.M.

1808

Robert

Williams

G,S. & J.

1761

Arthur

Weldon

G.S,

,j

Henry

Wilrae

1764

Jaraes

Warren

J

J,

T,

Wright

J,

Thoraas
Walker
JJ
1788
Martin
Young
W,M.
1775
Francis
Walsh
J,
LIST OF GOLDSMITHS FOR WHO.M PLATE WAS .\SSAYED IN DUBLIN.
[from 1638 TO 1811.]
Compiled by Mr, Dudley Westropp from the following Assay Books of the Goldsmiths' Com
pany (all that are preserved): — Book 1, 1638-49, 1694-1700, 1700-4; Book 2, 1705-13; Book 3,
1725-8; Book 4, 1729-33; Book 5, 1744-8; Book 5, 1752-5; Book 7, 1758 (only a few
leaves left); Book 8, 1787-9, giving details of plate; Book 9,1788-99; Book 9a, 1796-1802;
Book 10, 1809-11, giving details of plate; Book 11, 1811-13, giving details of plate.
The books obviously do not contain accounts of all the plate assayed from the incorporation ot
the Company, nor the name of every Dublin goldsmith, but the entries here transcribed cover
considerable ground. PLATE ASSAYED FOR 
1638-44.
1646-7.
1694.
WiU.
Cooke
Nathaniel
Stoughton
David
King
WiU.
Hampton
Peter
Vaneyndhoven
Robt.
Sraith
John
Woodcock
Robert
Coffee
John
Cuthbert
Matthew
Thomas
Christopher Wright
Matthew
Laroche
George
Gallant
Benj.
Pemberton
Peter
Vaneyndhoven
1647-8.
John
Humphreys
Daniel
Underwood
Peter
Vaneyndhoven
Joseph
Walker
James
Vanderbeck
Gilbert
Tonques
Edward
Chadsey
Daniel
Bellingham
1694-5-
WiU.
Gallant
Nathaniel
Stoughton
Samuel
Wildar
JohnGeorge
Moore
Greene
1648-g.
EdwardAlexr.
Nelthorp Mackey
1644-5.
Daniel
Burfeldt
John
Clifton
Thomas
Parnell
Peter
Vaneyndhoven
James
Thompson
Dan.Gilbert
BellinghamTonques Coffee'
Gilbert
Nathaniel
TonquesStoughton
Andrew
Vincent
GregoryKidder
Robt.
Daniel
Bellingham
Christoph
?r Wright
Nathaniel
Stoughton
1676.
Anthony
Stanley
Peter
Vaneyndhoven
John
Cope
Jariies WiU. or
Weldon
1645-6.
John
Hyett
Richard
|- Archbold
Daniel
Bellingham
Timothy
Blackwood
David
Swan
Nathaniel
Stoughton
Elizabeth
Slicer
Adam
Buck
Peter
Vaneyndhoven
1694.
Jaraes
Thorapson
Edward
Shadsey
John
Dickson
Gilbert
Tonques
John
Billing
WiU
Mayars
Ambrose
Futrell
Thos.
Bolton
Tiraothy
Hevin
Christopher Wright
George
Cartwright
.'Abraham
Voyseen
Robt.
Coffee
John
Philips
Alexr,
Sinkler (Sinclair)
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

6p

GOLDSMITHS FOR WHOM PLATE WAS ASS.AYED IN DUBLIN — Continued.

1696.

1702,

1709.

Erasmus

Cope

John

PhiUips

John

Harailton

Robt.

Ince

John

Matthews

George

Farrington

Robt.

Smyth

Jonathan

Gerrard

John

Williarason

Stephen

KennedyAspole

1704.
Jas, Matt.
DanieU
Thos.
Disbrough
Abrahara
Voisin
1710,
1697.
Robert
Sraith
Mortagh
Dowling
John
Garret
John
Whitefield
John or
Joseph
Bennett
James
Walker
StevensHenry
Golding Sherw in
John
Garrett
Will.
Clarke,
Christian
Waggoner
i7°j-i3-
John
Matthews
Thos.
BiUing
1711,
David
Swan
John
Philips
Mark
Twelf, or Twelves
Francis
Jones
WiU.
Skinner
Rich.
Lord
Joseph
Whitchurch
John
Pennyfather
Christian
Waggoner
Willy
Tuite
David
Rumie
John
Cuthbert, sen.
?
John
Eakin
Burleigh
1 Cuffe
John
Floris
Six
or Robert
Henry
Ireland
1698-9.
David Edward
King
Barrett
George
Thomas
Ling
Paris
Samuel
Wildar
Jno. or Thos. Matthews
Lhomine ?
Alexr.
Sinclair
Robert
Forbush ( Forbes^
David
King
Thomas
Slade
1712.
James
Wilding
Alexr.
Sinclair
Thomas
Ovin
Joseph
Walker
Robert
Sraith
Neheraiah
Donelan
Thomas
Boulton
WiU.
Archdall
Thomas
Lovet
John
Clifton
Joseph
Walker
f English, or
(Inglish Touch
Stephen
Kennedy
John
Carter
Thomas
.Anthony
Stanley
John
Cuthbert, jun.
Jabes Richard
Christian
Waggoner
A. or C
Hartwyek
HouldingPaton
John
Cuthbert
Francis ?
Jones
Will.
John
Phillips
John
Clifton
John
Garrett
John
Huraphreys
Philip
Tough
.Andrew
Gregory
Edward
Workman
1713-
Benjamin
Peraberton
Jonathan
Gerard
-i
LloydeManjoy
Gillingham
Christr. ?
Robert 1
Wright
Smyth Heather
Alexr.
Mackey
1706,
Benj.George
'¦>
Garrold
John
Ruston
1715-
Abraham
Voyseen
Peter ?
Beaulieu
David
Rummieu
John
WyesLing
Rummieu
Edward
Barrett
Erasmus
Cope
GeorgeDavid
Thos.
Walker
Isaac or Dd. Swan
John
Cuthbert
->
Hanon
Adam
Buck
Thomas
JoUy.
¦>
Griffe, or Griffith
Christian
Kindt
1716.
WiU.
Mias
Timothy
Heaven
1707,
Will.
Smith
John
Garret
John Francis
Henry
ThomasRichard
PaletGirardSherwinSlade Scott
John
Williarason
.Alexr. Cyriac
John Will.
Mackey Mallory
Eakin
Skinner
Benj. Edward
MountjoyBarrett '
1718-24.
To.
Feb. gth, 1700.
George
Parker
Joseph
Francis
WiU,
Skinner
Mark
Twelves
1701.
John
Pattison
Chas.
Leslie
Thomas
Lovet
John
Matthews, jun.
Thos.
Williamson
James
Cotton
John
Eakin
Anthony
Stanley
Benj,
Pemberton
1725-28.
John
Matthews
John
Wyes
Joseph
Teafe*-", or Taafe
-Abraham
Voisin
John or Hy, Matthews, sen.
(spoons)
Jaraes
Welding
Marv
Barrett (Mrs.)
1702.
5
Killreigh
Will.
Archdall
David
Swan
^
AspoUe
WUL
Duggan
John
Cuthbert, sen.
Robert
Pilkington
Thos.
Walker
Joseph Teafe (or Taafe) raade a large quantity of spoons 1725-28 and onwards to 1748.
6i6 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
GOLDS.\IITHS FOR WHOM PLATE WAS ASSAYED IN DUBLIN  continued.

Esther
E. or T.
Philip'WiU.
Thos.Matt.DavidChas.
George
JohnJohn
John Roger
Thos.MatthewWill.
Daniel
John Henry
Simon Chas.
John WiU,
Thos. Will.
JohnSaniuel
John MichaelEdward
Richard

Noah Michael
liobert PeterElias Henry
Edward
Thos.Will.DorothyRichardThos.

Matt,
Anthony DanielWiU,
Thos.Peter Michael
John  ?
WiU.
Benj,

1725-8. Forbes (Mrs.)
Cope
Kinnersly SuttonBolton
WalkerKing
f Pendergras
1 Prendergast CartwrightHarailton
Taylor
Williamson
Baker (Mrs.)
Finch
Williamson
Wilson
Jones
f Hofford or
( Heyford Freebough
DanielYoungLeslieRobinson Swift
Slade SherwinClifton
Truelove
Freeze Hewitson
Dowdall
Barry
BeatlyVialas SmithHarrison
Gervais MaquayWilliaras
Workman
Brown Sinclair
Manjoy (Mrs.)
Spencer
Walker
1726. Walker StanleyHayford Williamson
SuttonTonneryHewitson
Taylor ClintonWelsh
Woods
1727. WiUiaras (Mrs.)
f Tirre or
1 Terrv

Robt.
JohnJohnJohn

Thos.
Richard

Will.
RichardThomas
 ¦>

1727. Calderwood Hamilton Frebough
Ravenscroft Renchors
1728. SladePollardColbeek (Limerick)
BarryEatonLovet
Hill (Limerick)

1729-33-

Matt.

Walker

Philip
Will.

Kinnersly Archdall

Chas.

Leslie

John

Jones

Alexr.

Brown

Joseph Esther

Teafe Forbes

Will.

Williamson

Thos.

Williamson

Francis

Williamson

Mary
Robt.

Barrett (Mrs.)
Calderwood

John

Hamilton

Richard

Pollard

John

Giles

John

Jesson

ThoraasRogerDorothyRichard

Hayford Finch Manjoy (Mrs,)
Baker

HenryThos.

Daniel!
Sutton

Thos.
Edward

Cope
Dowdall

Thos.

Walker

Will.

Sutton

Will.

Walsh

JohnPeter

TaylorGervais

Richard

Farren

Thos.

Slade

Spranger
or Will,

Barry

George
John

Cartwright Hamilton

Thoraas

¦Hofford (Heyft

SimonAnthonyNoah

Young Lefebure
Vialas

HenryWill.

Sherwin Sinclair

John

I'reebough

RichardHenryCapt.' Matt,

Chas.
Thos.

Richard ?

Peter
John

1730 TonneryWilliamson

John
AdaraThos.

Barth.
James AbrahamWill.
KirkIsaac
Samuel

Sarauel
JohnJohnJames Fleetwood
 ->

Rattle
John

RichardMichael
George Christ.

Peter

Will.
wm.
WiU.
John Benj.

Joseph AndrewRobt.Will.GreyRobt.Isaac
JamesJohn Samuel

1730- Randsford
EatonWilrae
WilsonColbeek (Limerick)
Mulligan BallHartwell
Patterson White
ReynoldsRobinson (Limerick)
also in 1738
Buck (Limerick)
Parsons
1731- PopkinsDouglasBarboult CurryRyves
D'Olier Walker
1732- Shelly Stoyte
WilmeGumly
WhithornDaniel FeganWhite
Moore
Duffy Rice Sraith
Smart
f Locker or
\ LoekartMorgan (Clonmel)
1733- Usher
Herd (Mrs.)
InglisliShields
StoplearClifton
StokesWall (Kinsale)
1744-8. Taafe (dead in 1768)
Goodwin Holmes
TownsendTownsend Calderwood
D'Olier
St. Maurice
Gumley
Walker

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company. 617
GOLDSMITHS FOR WHOM PLATE WAS ASS.AYED IN DUBLIN — Continued.

1744-8.

1747-

1753-

Thos.

Walker

Thoraas

Miles (Waterford)

?

Aston

Francis

Williamson

Henry

Rash

John? '

Freeth

WiU.

Williamson

?

Price (country)

James

Betagh

Vere

Forster

Edward

Lord

Robt.

Potter

John

Wilme

5
Cathry
Christopher Skinner
Thomas
Miles (Waterford)
John
Moore
1752-5-
Henry
Rash
Thos.Barth.
Shepperd Mosse
Jonathan
Hutton
Francis
Gillois
Smith
John
Harailton
Will. Thos.IsaacWill.
John
Byrne
Jonathan
Pasley
AnthonyEdwardRobt. Robt.
Kavanagh Kavanagh Hopkins^ Hunter
WilliamsonD'OlierTownsend Laughlin
John
Seawell, or Sewell
1754-
Will.
Wilson
Chas.
Laughlin
Noah
^'ialas
Thomas
Sutton
.41exr.
Richards
?
Benson
Thos.
Parsons
Thos.Benj.
Walker
5
Cherry (country)
Will.
Walsh
Stokes
WiU.
Homer
Edward
Walsh
Richard
Williams
Henry
Moliere
Alexr.
Richards
Andrew
Goodwin
5
Gaynor
Chas.
Leslie
Richard
Keightley
Henry
Waldron
Thos.
Delraarest
Robt.
Glanville
Edward
Lord
Thos.
Heyford
Robt.
Calderwood
1
Hothart (country)
Roger
Benj.
Finch
Matthias
Browne
'¦)
HiU
Stokes
Henry
Sankey
Benj.
Wilson
Arthur
.Weldon
Sara.
Walker
5
Singleton
John
. Wilme
Jas.
Douglas
Vere
Forster
Noah
Vialas
John
Pittar
Robt.
Billing
George
Murphy
^
Heyford (Mrs.)
Thos.
Green, jun.
John
Christie
John
Wilme, jun.
¦}
John (country)
Michael
Smith
WiUiara
Walsh
Jas,
Champion
Matthias
Browne
John
Moore
¦^
Nash (country)
Francis
Crookshank
Will.
Hector
Thos.
Burton
1745-
ThoraasThos.
LeeGreen
1758.
John
Kidd
John
Kelly
Richard
Williams, sen.
David
Bomes
Robt.
Hopkins
Thos.
Green
Robt.
Glanville
¦>
Fox (Mrs,)
Grey
Townsend
Edward
Raper
James
Warren
Richard
Williaras, jun.
?
Morgan (country)
Jonathan
Hutton
Barth,
Popkins
John
Hamilton
Owen
Cassidy
Robt,
Glanville
Chas.
Boucher
Joseph
Bridgman
John
Pittar
Will
Sinclare
Daniel
Onge
Andrew
Goodwin
John
Laughlin
Henry
Chadwick
Jaraes ?
Holmes
Will.
Wilson
B. or W.
Wilson
Christoph
;r Skinner
James
Whithorn
Will.
Currie
John
Laughlin
(for the country)
John
McCormuck
Will, or B
Wilson
George
Beere
Benj.
Slack
Robt.
Hopkins
?
Melaghlin
Michael
Fowler
John
Moore
Daniel
Onge
Jonathan
Ruston
John
Sherwin
Francis
Gore
Edward
Mockler
Thos.
Shepherd
Charles
Leslie
Thos.
Parsons
Jno. or Sam. Teare
5
WiUiamson (Mrs.)
Edward
Raper
Peter
Rousset
¦>
Gumly (Mrs.)
?
Morgan (Clonmel)
Robt,
Calderwood
John
McCormuck or >
Cormuck J
Christoph
;r Skinner
Sam.
Walker
Grey
Townsend
Thos.
„
Robt.
Rogers
John
Kavanagh
James
Vidouze
:i
Jackson
Chas.
Dowdall
James
Warren
Thos.
Isaac
David
Bomes
Septimus
CeciU
Thos.
Green
Charles
Leslie
Alexr.
Richards
Jonathan
Thomas
Nicholas
Lemaitre
James
Wyer
James
Wyer
Benj.
Stokes
1747-
Silvester
Ince
W. or B.
Wilson
Charles
Darragh
John
Harrison
?
Fox (Mrs.)
.A.brahara
Davis
Will.
Currie
Peter
Rieusset
Joseph
Cullen
Joseph
Bridgraan
6i8 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
GOLDSMITHS FOR WHOM PLATE WAS ASSAYED IN DUBLIN  Continued.

1758.

1787-8.

1795-

Hugh

Caddell

Thos.

Greene

Michael

Keating

Chas,

Leslie

?

Peter & Co.

James

Keating

Isaac

D'Olier

George

Nangle

James

McCoy

David

Bomes

Arabrose

Boxwell

WiU.

Doyle

John

Locker

Jerome

Alley

5

McCorraick

Charles

Darragh

Sarauel

Close

Edward
Mockler
1796.
Owen
Cassidy
1788.
->
Jones & Co.
Christr,
Skinner
Will.
Thompson
Richard
Finneraoor
John
Broom
Sarauel
Neville
Thos,
Burton
Jaraes
HamiU
Thoraas
Bayley
Jonathan
Pasley
Benj.
Henfrey
Thomas
Townsend
John
West
Richard
Harrison
George
Beere
(wateheases)
1797-
Thos,
Green
Thos.
Hart
Mark
Meares
Robt.
Eccleston
Richard
Sawyers
Edward
Raper
Catherwood Tudor
Gore
Sherwin
George
Wheatley
JohnRichard
:¦
Gopell (buckles)
Thomas
Joseph
Tudor
Johnston
Will.
Williamson
1790.
1798-9. Carson
JohnJohn
Kavanagh Calderwood
Thos.
Will.
Nixon
Roger
WiU.
Homer
Bridgraan
Sara.
Teare, jun.
Thomas
Bridgman
1787-8.
George
Christr.
Nangle
Nangle
1809.
Henry
Nicholson
Jas.
Jones
Sam.
Neville
John
Daly
Thos.
Jones
Michael
Murphv
Michael
Keating
WiU.
Ward
Richard
Whitford
Walter
Harley
Lewis ?
Williamson
John
Sherwin
Michael
Homer
Richard
Harrison
Jaraes
Le Bass
Thos.
HiU
John
Stoyte
Richard
Archbold
Ambrose
Nicklin
Francis
HuU
John
Nicklin
George
Nangle
John
Stoyte Connor
1791.
J.
Buckton
George
John
John
Teare
?
Harris
Pittar
Sarauel
Teare
Daniel
Egan
Alexr.
Tiekell
Patrick
Walsh
WiU.
Doyle (Belfast)
James
Kennedy
Frederick
Buck
John
Seymour (Cork)
Christr.
Haines
Thoraas
Green
S?
Green (Cork)
Jacob or
} West ,
Jaraes
England
W. D.
Stubs
Matt.
Thomas
Mealy (Marly ?)
Jane
WiUiams (Cork)
Joseph
Jackson
Thoraas
Adams
John
Teare
WiU.
Bond
Gustavus
Byrne
Richard
Garde (Cork)
James
Jones
Michael
Smith
Kean
Mahony (Cork)
Will.
Osborne
Christoph
er Donovan
WiU.
Hamey
Joseph
Daffron
Henry
Morgan
?
Robinson
James
Kenzie
John
Rigby
Will.
Heyland (Cork)
Benj.
Taitt
Will, or
1 Delandre
f
Ryan
John
Kavanagh
Barth.
:>
Egan
Will.
Law
Iohn
Hart
¦)
Law & Co,
Thomas
Sly
1810.
Owen
Cassidy
?
McNamara
Robt. Eneas
Breading
Ryan
1793-
?
Francis
Martin (Kilkenny)
GeorgeThomas
West
Laurence
Denis
Fray
Fowler
Clarke & West
John
Teare
WiU.
Osborne
?
Cooley
George
Matthews
1811.
John
Bolland
T
Bermingham
WilliamsBreading
Martin (Kilkenny), spoons
Richard or ) wu-...^^
Robt. i^Vilhams
1794.
R,R.
Will. John
Bridgman
Beauchamp
James
Lowry
Anderson
Lawrence
WiU.
Ward
John
Coleman
F.
0 -Neil & > cases
?
Cock (buckles)
'1
Clayton
Arthur
Arthur
O'NeiU (wateheases)
Richard
Singleton
J.
Bridgman ) o"l>'-
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

619

OTHER ENTRIES REFERRING TO AS.SAYS AND TOUCH MONEY."*
The manufacture of gold "wares appears to have been mainly confined to rings- and other personal
ornaments. There is one minute, dated 1726, in the goldsmiths' books, which records that Thomas
Sutton had two gold cups assayed, weighing 31b. 50Z. and lib. loz,, respectively, but that is almost
the only reference to any assay of gold vessels.

Received in the period —
Feb. 13, 1694 to May 8, 1695

£ =.-
88 o
55 o
66 13
35 3
79 19
46 12
99 o
51 9

3
o 7 1
5
8 6
o

Oct. 28, 1696 „ June 4, 1697
June 8, 1697 „ Nov. 30, 1697
Nov. 30, 1697 „ Mar. 2, 1698
Mar. 4, i6g8 ,, Jan. 31, 1698
Feb. 3, 1698 „ May 9, 1699
May 9, 1699 „ Nov. 8, 1699
Nov. 9, i6gg „ Feb. g, 1700
Oct. 28, 1704 „ Oct. 29, 1705 ... 164 17
1694 (Feb. gth) — Thomas Bolton, Assay Master,
to charge id. per oz,, and to be charged \A.
per oz, for assaying his own plate.
1694 Mustard pot stamped for Vincent Kidder.
,, CoUedg. pot stamped for Joseph Walker.
„ 2 Chafing dishes, ilb. 40Z., for James
Weldon. £ s. d.
87 3 o
52 2 10
95 8 I
42 17 2
40 19 10
39 19 I

Feb,

I, 1707 to July 31, 1707 ,,.
Oct, 30, „ ,,,
Apr, 2g, 1708 ,,,
Oct, 29, „
Feb. I, 1709 ,,.
May 2, „ ...

(From 1705 to 1713
for silver, and 6d, to 7d,

Jan, 31,
May 7,
Aug, 3,
Nov, Feb.

1718 1725

1720

Apr.Oct.
Jan. Apr.
JulyOef.
Jan.Apr.July Oct.

to Oct. :
.. July :
.^, Oct. :
„ Feb.
„ Apr.
July Oct. Jan. Apr.
JulyOct. Jan. Apr.
July Oct.
1729 to July Oct.
to Jan. Apr.
July Oct.
Jan. Apr.
July Oct,
Feb.

the rate was id. per oz.
per oz. for gold).
31, 1718 ... 163 5

1729 1730 to

1731

1725 -
1726 .
1727 ,
1728 1729
17301731
. 1732

15-
4' 5 3
o 9 7 3 I

75 II
72 15
80 10
63 7
78 10
67 14
64 15
55 2
57 12 2
46 4 8
56 13 3
67 6 3
69 16 II I
14 9
I 1
9 6

53615179
121 II
42 6
3331 19 I
30 19 10
40 10 o
36 2 10
50 15 3

9 8

keep open shop, nor work up, nor cause to be
wrouglit up any manner of gold or silver
plate."

£ s.

d.

3V. 1759 to Nov.

1760 .,

. 218 12

•7)-

„ 1760 „ „

1761 ,,

. 218 18

9

„ 1761 „ „

1762 ,

. 226 19

7

1762 „ „

1763 -

. 249 8

loi

1763 .. ..

1764 ,

- 265 6

i|

1764 " "

1765 -

- 325 6

5l

Year ending

in 1777 ,

- 322 14

6

In 1736, by a resolution, (passed with a view
to restraining the assay master from carrying
on trade), it was ordered " that the assay master,
if a shopkeeper, shall not buy nor sell any
manner of plate or silver during his continuance
in said office, nor shall after a limited time,
which will be granted hira by the corporation,
¦•¦¦¦ Touch monev, or " touch penny " — the fee of
plate. For gold the fee was sixpence per ounce.

From 1777 to 1781 sums varying from ^^270
to £'iob were received each year as " touch "
raoney for the assaying of silver and gold.
A rainute of 1785 with reference to " touch '
money provided that for silver. Free Brothers
were to pay 2d. per oz. and Ouarter Brothers
4d. per oz., and for gold one shilling per oz.
Amount stamped for one year, ending October,
1787, lbs.6891, of which lbs.225 were
below standard and broken.
Amount of plate stamped for one year, ending
October 31st, 1788, lbs.7,108, of which
lbs, 471 were below standard and broken.
Dish rings assayed in 1787 from February to
end of year.

Thomas Jones ... 7
Christopher Haines 3
Joseph Jackson ... 9
Matthew West ... 5
Michael Homer ... 1
Robert Breading ... 1
Total ... 26

(one 9 oz.)

(9 oz.)
(8 oz.)

Dish rings assayed in 1788.
Robert Breading

Joseph Jackson
Thomas Jones
Richard WiUiams.,,
WiUiam Bond

8 2 1
2

Total

15

Dish stands.
1787-
Christopher Haines
Thomas Jones
11
Dish sta
nds,
1788.
Joseph Jackson ,,.
Richard WiUiams
5 I
(one 9 oz.)
(one 9 oz,)
(one 7 oz.)
788 Robt, Breading, 2 " stake" dishes, 5 lbs.
„ Michael Homer, 1 " stake " dish and cover,
3 lbs, 2 oz,
„ Richard Williams, i "stake" dish and
stand, 3 lbs. 9 oz,
one penny per ounce charged for assaying
620

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

ENTRIES REFERRING TO PLATE ASSAYED IN DUBLIN — Continued.

Other articles assayed in 1787 and 1788.
.2 feeques
.1 argyle
.frippery stand
spoon tray
4 eassaroles & covers (189 oz.)
I bushiea

Will, Osborne .,
Joseph Jackson,.
Do. do. ..
Do. do. ...
Robert Breading
Christr. Haines,.
Do. do. ...
Denis Fray
B. Taitt..'.
M. Keating
W, Osborn
R, WiUiams
C Haines
D. Fray

I orange strainer
.1 tea kitchen
.salad spoon
.beef scoop
.salad fork
.punch jug (28 oz.)
.asparagus shovel
.2 salad dishes (65 oz.)

In i^

37-8 Matthew West made 496 cups averag
ing 12 oz, each.
,, „ Benjn. Taitt made many asparagus
tongs.
An entry showing the connection between the
Goldsmiths of Dublin and provincial towns of
Ireland, records that "Robt. Cuffe was
apprenticed to Hercules Beer, in Clonmel, in
1705-" Plate was assayed in Dublin for Goldsmiths
and Silversmiths ot Cork, Waterford, Clonmel,
Kinsale, and Limerick, frora 1710 to about 1755.
The following entries give details of Plate
assayed in Dublin for Irish provincial goldsmi ths.

1725

26

George Cartwright, for Cork
Jiichard Barry, for the
country...
George Cartwright, for Cork
Noah Vialas, for Clonmel ,,.
Matt. Walker, for Limerick
Noah Vialas, for Waterford
Matt. Walker, do. ,,,
Do, do. do. ...
John Hamilton, for Limerick
George Cartwright, for Cork
Do. do. do.
Thos. Walker, for Cork
Will. Clarke, in Cork
Noah Vialas, for Clonmel .,,
WiU, Clarke, in Cork
Matt, Walker, for Limerick
George Cartwright, for Cork
Will, Clarke, in Cork
Matt, Walker, for Limerick

lbs.

02,

dw

15

I

0

4

6

0

13

8

0

7

4

0

10

6

0

1

2

0

1

6

0

0

1

6

4

3

0

27

10

0

I

7

16

2

2

0

20

2

0

12

0

0

12

10

13

II

3

0

15

8

0

23

8

0

13

10

0

lbs, 1017
12
20

dwt. OOo
o

6
4 5
10 ¦5

1728 Noah Vialas, for Waterford
,, Matt, Walker, for Limerick
„ Colbeek, Limerick ...
Will. Clarke, in Cork
1730 Peter Tonnery, for the
country... ... ... o
„ Adam Buck, of Limerick ... o
Will Clarke, of Cork ... 1
1731 Do. do. ... ,,. 6
1733 Do. do. ... ... 10
There are other sirailar entries for these years,
but for no other places.
Lawrence Martin, of High Street, K^ilkenny,
had assayed in Dublin, September 1808, 60
tea-spoons, 12 buckles, 2 pixes, 14 hooks and
eyes. Will. Heyland, of Cork, had assayed in 1808
6 sugar tongs and \\ doz. tea spoons, 31 oz.
John Whelpley, of Cork, February 7th, 1808,
2 doz. table spoons, g doz, tea spoons, i gravy
spoon. Samuel Reily, Cork, 1808, -^ fish knives, 24
salt spoons, 12 table spoons, 72 tea spoons, 12
sugar tongs, 9 sugar bowls, 6 cream ewers.
Jane Williams, Grand Parade, Cork, Septera-
ber 1st, 1808, 2 double wine funnels, 24 forks,
10 table spoons, 14 sauce ladles, 2 tureen ladles,
2 gravy spoons, 6 funnel plates, 22 tea spoons,
5 sugar tongs, i tea pot : all unfinished ;
175 oz. Also November 22nd, 1808, 6 cream
ewers, i bread basket, 48 salt spoons, 8 sugar
tongs, 62 tea spoons, 4 sauce ladles, 6 gra\'y
spoons, 5 bottle labels, 3 butter knives : all
unfinished. Will Doyle, of 177, North Street, Belfast, had
assayed in Dublin August 23rd 1809, 1 teapot,
1 doz. buttons, i pair buckles.
Plate was assaj'ed in Dublin for Irish pro
vincial goldsmiths as under : —
In 1810 John Seymour, Cork...
„ Jane Williams, Cork
„ S. ? Green, Cork
„ W. or J. Heyland, Cork
1826 Richard Garde, Cork...
„ Kean Mahony, Cork .. . 
181 1 Lawrence Martin, Kilkennj', sugar, tea
and egg spoons.
There are other entries referring to plate
assayed in 1810 and 1811 for the same persons

lbs.

oz.

dwt

17

0

0

10

11

0

2

0

0

13

0

0

The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

62 I

NAMES OF IRISH PROVINCIAL GOLDSMITHS, SILVERSMITHS, JEWELLERS,
AND WATCHMAKERS,
REGISTERED IN THE BOOKS OF THE COMPANY, FROM I784 TO 1827, IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE ACT
23 & 24 Geo. III. c. 23. (Ireland).

Co. ANTRIM.

Co. CLARE.

WiU.
Harper
Antrim
1784
James
McLaughlin . ,
Ennis
1784
Alex.
Mitchell
Ballymena
Hugh
McLaughlin ,,
,,
„
John
Edraiston
1806
Will.
Lowry
Ballymoney
1793
Co. CORK.
Alex.
Armstrong
Belfast
1784
'ohn
Murdock
J,
Dennis
Leary
Kinsale
1784
_ ohn
Knox
,,
,,
Thomas
Campbell
Cork
John
Ingram
,,
,,
Michael
Hartnett
Cove
n
John
Milford
,,
,,
Jarnes
Dwyer
,,
James
Wilson
,,
,,
John
Barry
Bandon
,,
Alex.
Mcllwrath
JJ
,,
Robert
Stevelly
Cork
1785
Thos.
Lyle
JJ
Christr,
Garde
„
1821
Hugh
McCuUoch
J,
,,
Robt,
Barry
Kinsale
1784
Thos.
Mullen
J,
,,
Robt,
English
Mallow
Thos.
M'Cabe
)J
)j
R. W,
Dartnell
Youghal
1785
Patrick
McKenny
Will.
John
Hutton
MeClean
"
1785
Co. DONEGAL
Thos.
.ob
Anderson
Stewart
John Sam.
MooneyBird
Ballyshannon
1784
J ugh
Robt.
James Matthew
John
McCuUoch .,,
Patterson & )
Whittle i"
Bellew
Williarason . . .
"
1789
Hugh
Nicholas
Kerr Davis
Raphoe
Ballybafoy
1787
17921798
Joseph Joseph
LipsettFrame
Ballyshannon Raphoe
1789
George
Lepper W.M. ...
1800
l''rancis
Lepper W.M. ...
„
_^
Co. DOWN.
Job
liyder
1802
WiU.
Neilson W.M. ...
Edward
Creek
Newry
1784
. ames
Campbell
1804
James
Doyle
,,
ames
RusseU
Archibald CampbeU
,,
: Jobt.
NeU W.M. ...
Adam
Liddle
John
Holmes
Joseph
White
1785
Pat.
McNaraara
1817
Hugh
Boyd
,,
James
Carruthers W.M
1821
WiU,
M'Cabe
,,
Thos.
Ward
Lisburn
1784
Hugh
O'Hanlon
„
John
Heron
1785
WiU,
White
„
Jaraes
Ballantine
ij
1804
WUl. &
1 White
1787
David
Moore
Randalstown
1784
Joseph
Hugh
Rice
1789
Richard
Liddy
i8i6
Co. .A.RMAGH.
George
Blaekham
1821
Michael
Scully
Armagh
1784
Trumble & Kane
,,
Thos.
Sirapson
Robt.
Whitehead .,
1827
James
Scott
1787
George
Frazer
,,
John
Williamson . . .
)>
1796
Robt.
Clarke
. Downpatrick
1800
Thos.
Maleomson
Lurgan
1800
Matthew
WeUs
"
1827
Co. FERMA
NAG
H.
Co. CARLOW.
Chas.
McCalvey
, Enniskillen
1784
George
Sikes
Carlow
1784
Will.
Brown
"
1810
Mark
Rudkin
Henry
Dyer
,,
1827
Co. GALV
VAY.
WiU.
Callaghan
TuUow
1784
George
Robinson
Galway
1784
Austin
French
Co. CAVAN.
Martin
Lain
)j
Thos.
Parr
Cavan
1784
Laurencs
, Coleman
Henry
Parr
))
1790
Francis
Dowling
1785
John
Murphy
JJ
1827
Michael
O'Mara
George
Dunbar
Cootehill
1805
Will.
Leathem
1786
Pat.
Quigly
Kilgolough
1813
James
Kelly
1799
622

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Co, GALWAY.

Co. LIMERICK.

Nicholas
Burdge W.M.
Galway
1817
Will,
Fitzgerald
...Limerick (City)i8oo
John
Clarke
Eyreeourt
1784
Robert
O'Shaughnessy „
1802
Ann
Nolan
Loughrea
Will.
Carroll
,,
1805
John
Melton
Thos.
Walsh
,,
1806
Thos.
Naghten
Athlone
',
H.
Smith &
} 
1830
Timothy
Egan
Loughrea
,^
R.
Wallace
Patrick
Haggerty
Tuam
,,
Edward
Dartnell
... Rathkeale
1786
Will.
Morgan
.. BaUinasloe
,,
FrancisFrancis
GannonNaughton
Tuam
,»
Co. LONDONDERRY.
John Thos.PeterBernard
Will.Bernard
Glyn M'Nally
FureyBerne Hosty
KeUy
BaUinasloe Headford
BaUinasloe Tuam
Athlone
17851786 1787
18001804
Pat.JohnJohnAlex.
James
Joseph
McConegallFranksAtcheson
Begley
Preston McCIurg
Derry
Coleraine Derry
Coleraine
1784
178517881795
Dennis
Dogherty
Derry
1811
Co. KERRY.
Jaraes
Coulhoun
...
1814
Dan.
Syna
Tralee
1784
John
Egan
J)
/ T^
Co. LOUTH.
Co. KILDARE.
George
Thos.
Potter Flood
Drogheda
1784
Pat.
Diven
Athy
1784
Nicholas
James Will.
Drumgoole
Warren Lahy
"
Co. KILKENNY,
Thos.
Anderson
1785
Jaraes
Coraerford
1804
John
Martin
..Kilkenny (City)i784
David
Campbell
,j
Hannah
Reily
,,
JJ
Philip
Fineghan
1827
Denis
Kehoe
Francis
Walsh
1785 1792
Jerome
Alley
"
Co. MAYO.
Denis
Laurence
Madden
Martin S.S.
-
18021807
WiU.
Jennings
Castlebar
1812
William
Foley
))
1827
Co. MEATH.
KINGS
Co.
I''arrell
Lynch
Oldcastle
1784
Pat.
I^eynolds
Birr
1784
Matthew
Codd
Navan
1786
Jaraes
Donolan
.I'hilippstown
Joseph
Manley
TuUamore
JJ
Co, MONAGH.AN,
Joseph
Marshall
Birr
1785
Thos.
Tailford
Edenderry
1793
Edward
Carolan
Carriekmacross
1784
Michael
Cody
Frankford
1804
OwenJames
M'MahonKelly
Monaghan
Co. LIMERICK.
George
Kerr
,,
„
James
M'Entee
,,
1788
Patrick
Connell
, Limerick (City)
1784
Jaraes
Brown
,,
1786
Maurice
l^itzgerald
David
Horner
,,
1809
John
Hawley
John
Horner
Ballybea
1802
Thos,
Burke (d. i8co]
John PhiUip
Cullen
Walsh
OUEEN'S Co.
George
John
Halloran Strit
Laurence
Cra'wley
Portarlington
1784
Sam
Johns Hackett
Will,
Myham
Maryborough
,,
John
Robert
Whelan
..
1785
Matthew
Walsh
George
Moore
Co. ROSCOMMON.
James
Lynch
Robert
Lynch
Sylvester
Nolan
.\thlone
1784
Arthur
Lynch
Owen
Ouigley
¦ --
>)
Daniel
Lysaght
1786
Thomas
Payne
.,, Roscommon
])
Matthew
Striteh
1788
John
Purcell
,,
1785
WiU.
Ward
1798
Michael
Power
Boyle
1788
The Dublin Goldsmiths' Company.

62-

Co. SLIGO.

Co. WATERFORD.

John
.M'Donald
SUgo
1784
Ann
Fleming Waterford (City)
1784
Philip
ReUly
>i
I''rancis
Walsh
,,
Andrew
CuUidon
Joseph
Dillon
„
Martin
Scully
1785
WU.
Maddock
)j
Peter
Coan
17951809
Anthony
Welsh
n
James
Kelly
)i
Robert
John
Tegart & ^
O'NeiU /¦
¦
George
Power
,,
Co. TIPPERARY.
WiU.
M'Cannon
,.
Thomas
Pearson •¦
,,
1785
John Garrett Dan.
QuinRussell M'Grath
Clonmel
J^arrick-on-Suir Nenagh
1784
IgnatiusWill.
Josias Stephen
Fleming
O'Brien Jacob
Bohan
1)
1802
1807 18091811
Will.
Thompson
Clonmel
Richard
Cutler
. Dungarvan
1784
John
Beauchamp
))
Will.
Geary
TuUagh
Nicholas
Reynolds
Roscrea
Edmond
Byrne
, Dungarvan
1785
WiU.
Cusack
Cashel
Cavan
Ryan
Clonmel
Co. WEST
MEATH.
Daniel
Dutton
Cashel
Hugh
Golan
Ballyraore
1784
John
Prosser
"
Thos.
Coffie
Kilbeggan
John
Finnegan
Carrick-on-Suir
George
Mathews
Mullingar
Robert
Cooke
Clonmel
Thos.
Curran
Stephen
Egan
Roscrea
Bryan
Kieran
¦
»)
Morty
Quin
Thurles
1792
Peter
Calcot, W.M. ,
.¦\thlone
1792
James
Shee
Clonmel
1800
Bernard
Kelly
,,
1804
Dennis
Madden
¦-
1808
Theo.
Harvey
.,
1815
Co. WEXFORD.
Luke
Maddock
Ross
1784
Co. TYRONE.
WiU.
Hughes
Wexford
John
Roe
Gorey
HughPatrick
Montgomery I'' lem ing
Omagh
Strabane
1784
Will. Gurly
Nathaniel Freeman
James F.Uis
Wexford
. Enniseorthy
179518111814
1827
.¦\ndrew
Carshore
,>
1787
Joseph
Higginbottom
Wexford
James
McClenaghan
,,
1788
WiU.
Sirapson
)j
John
Campbell
. . Dungannon
1789
-Andrew
Whitney
New Ross
'•
624

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

CHAPTER XXV.

Pre-historic and
early-Christiangoldsmiths.

Irish provincial
goldsmiths of
the seventeenth
and eighteenth
centuries.

THE IRISH PROVINCIAL GOLDSMITHS
AND THEIR MARKS.
Although Dublin has been for many centuries the principal seat of
the goldsmith's art in Ireland, it does not appear to have been so in more
remote ages. The beautiful examples of pre-historic and early-Christian
goldsmiths' work, preserved in the National Museum in Dublin, prove
that the native Irish attained to great skill as goldsmiths long before the
Norman Invasion and the subjugation of the Irish Kings ; and from the
gold ornaments, the crucible ladles and other implements and utensils
used in the refining of gold, which were discovered in a bog on the
borders of Limerick and Tipperary, it appears that gold wares were
manufactured in that vicinity at a very remote period.
Though goldsmiths' marks, in the modern sense, were not used — and
we have no account of any system of guarantee of standard, such as hall
marks ensure — we find that some of the Irish artificers in gold and silver
recorded their names on their work; as for example, on the beautiful
processional Cross of Cong, and on the shrine of the bell of St. Patrick,
both of which are, in the modern sense, provincial work — for when they
were wrought, Dublin had not attained the pre-eminence it afterwards
acquired. But neither the marks on these objects nor the goldsmiths
who wrought them are within the scope of this work. These subjects
will be found fully discussed in "Christian Inscriptions in the Irish
Language" (2 vols., 4to.), published by the Irish Society of Antiquaries,
and Miss Stokes' monograph on the Cross of Cong.
There are no means of locating and identifying the goldsmiths who
wrought the few examples of Irish mediaeval plate which have survived
to our own time, but we are able to trace numerous examples of Irish
plate of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as having emanated
from the workshops of goldsmiths who exercised their craft in Cork,
Youghal, Galway and Limerick, and to distinguish their respective
marks.

The Goldsmiths of Cork. 625
The Records of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company also prove that
in the eighteenth century, from Belfast in the North, to Cork in the
South, goldsmiths were actively engaged in carrying on their business
in almost every provincial town of any importance in Ireland.* The
goldsmiths of Cork, Limerick, Waterford, Clonmel, Kilkenny, Kinsale
and other places, then sent plate to Dublin to be assayed.
The tables of marks, as well as the lists of goldsmiths' names and
other information appearing in the following pages, are the results of the
collaboration of the author with Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A. ;¦!• Mr. J. R.
Garstin, F.S.A., P.R.S.A.I.; Mr. Dudley Westropp, and the late Mr.
Cecil C. Woods, F.R.S.A.I., who devoted himself with unflagging zeal
to the task of bringing to light every record which could be found con
cerning the goldsmiths of Cork.
THE GOLDSMITHS OF CORK.
There is good reason for believing that fine goldsmiths' work was References to
Cork goldsmiths
executed in the city of Cork, and in Youghal — a town in the same °f "-e fifteenth

and sixteenth
centuries traced.

county, in the middle ages. Mr. Woods traced references to goldsmiths
in Cork Records of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and to this
period some of the exquisite chalices and patens preserved in the county
have been confidently ascribed. Very little, however, is known of the
early history of the goldsmiths of Cork; the records of the guild, in RecordsottheCork Guild
which they were associated with members of other trades, date no ^ommencedin
farther back than the year 1656.
The first Earl of Cork (Richard Boyle, known as "the Great Earl
of Cork,") worked silver mines of considerable value at Minehead, a
place to the eastward of Youghal. In 1631 he leased them to Captain
Burgh (probably a member of the de Burgo or Burke family). The rent,
payable in kind to the Earl, was, in his own language, "a fair bason and
ewer, four dozen of silver plates, and eight great silver candlesticks, all
to be of plain London touch, with my arms engraved on them, for the
providing whereof (of the arms) I wrote to my goldsmith, Mr. Nathaniel
Stoughton. "J
By a Charter of Charles I., dated 7th April, 1631, the Mayor and
Corporation of Cork were granted the same privileges as those enjoyed by
¦ See pages 621-2-3 ^'^^ the names of Provincial Goldsraiths registered in Dublin.
I The author is also greatly indebted to the Cork Historical and ArehEeologieal .Association, of
which Mr. Day is president, for permission to make extracts frora their journals, where many
illustrated articles on this subject by Mr. Day have from time to time appeared.
X Nathaniel Stoughton was by the charter of 1637 appointed one of the first members of the
Incorporated Company of Goldsmiths of Dublin ; see page ^20 ante^ \°

No Cork. Efforts to
obtai to esi
failed.

626 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
assay office at Youphal* which Includcd the power to appoint a Clerk of Assay (or
k. Efforts to i> ' r ¦ t J
itlbiilS Assize), whose duties comprised the testing of weights and measures,
not the assaying of the precious metals. It is certain that there was no
assay master or assay office in Cork at any time subsequent to the date
of the Charter. Efforts were on several occasions made by the gold
smiths of Cork, through their city council, to obtain authority for the
establishment of an assay office there, but their efforts were not
attended with success. With reference to this subject the following
minute occurs in the Council Book under date 4th January, 17I4: —
" Whereas the Company of Goldsmiths of this City are very desirous to have
an Essay Master within this City as conceiving it will tend very much to the
advantage, not only of those of the trade, but to all the inhabitants who have
occasion to buy or make up any plate, which being a new thing, there never
having been any such person in this city, ordered that Mr. Thomas Browne do
write to Dublin to some friend to inquire the nature of such an officer, as to his
commission, who constitutes and empowers him, and as to his fees what he
receives, and report to this board."
No satisfactory result followed those inquiries, and after the lapse
of nearly three quarters of a century another resolution on the same
subject was recorded as follows : —
" 6th February, 1786. Ordered that the Bill formerly presented to Parliament
for building a bridge over the North branch of the River Lee, &c., be forthwith
proceeded on ... . It., that a clause for establishing an assay office for
assaying plate in this city, be added to the above Law."
The addition of the above clause, to the Bill for building the bridge,
was successfully opposed by the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company, and the
establishment of an assay office was not granted. The next application
was by the goldsmiths themselves. In October, 1807, they presented a
memorial to the Rt. Hon. John Foster, Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer,
praying for the grant of an assay office in Cork. The memorial was
signed by Garden Terry, John Toleken, Isaac Solomon, Jas. Conway,
Sam. Reily, John Nicolson, Nicholas Nicolson, Jas. Heyland, Thos.
Montjoy, Joseph Gibson, John Whelpley and Will. Byrom. The Dubhn
goldsmiths opposed this application also, and it was refused. On the
2nd December, 1808, another memorial signed by Will. Heyland, Dan.
Corbett and others (as in 1807) was forwarded to Colonel Longfield, M.P.,
and by him presented to the Right Hon. John Foster, repeating the
application of the previous year, with a similarly unsuccessful result.
The Cork goldsmiths appear to have made other apphcations, in the last
¦* See page 645 injra.

The Goldsmiths of Cork, 627
of which they stated that they had for twenty years been endeavouring
to get an assay office established in Cork, and that they manufactured
15,000 ounces of plate there annually, but a letter dated February nth,
1 81 3, addressed to the Chancellor from the Dubhn Goldsmiths' Company
stating that there would be a loss to the Government if an assay office
were established in Cork, finally disposed of the application.
There having been no regular assay at Cork, it is not known what Parcels of cork
plate occasionally
means were adopted for testing the quality of plate manufactured there sent to DubUn
A <3 T ./ r to be assayed in
in the seventeenth and early part of the eighteenth century. Mr. Cecil *dnfneteTnthcenturies.
Woods suggested that the goldsmiths probably assaj^ed each other's
wares. It seems equally probable that the only test used was that of
the touchstone, and that when an assay by cupel was required the plate
was sent to Dubhn to be there assayed, as happened occasionally in the
eighteenth century and more frequently in the early part of the nine
teenth century, but in the seventeenth century the difficulties and
dangers attendant upon sending plate such a distance must have been a
bar to the adoption of that course.
The goldsmiths of Cork had no separate existence as a guild distinct TheCork
f, rr^. . goldsmiths
from other crafts. They were on the 31st of May, i6s6, incorporated incorporated
¦' ¦-' wi ' vJ ' r „,ti, members of
with the braziers, pewterers, founders, plumbers, white-plate workers, fsodety'^of "^
1' in 111 ri'ii r •-r' Goldsmiths in
glaziers, saddlers and upholsterers of the city, by the name of "The theyeari6j6.
Master Wardens and Company of the Society of Goldsmiths of
THE City of Cork," and John Sharpe, goldsmith; Robert Goble, brazier;
Edward Goble, brazier; John Hawkins, saddler; Thomas Holms, saddler;
and Robert PhiUips, saddler, were appointed trustees of the Company.
From 1656 to about 1820 the guild had an active existence and its
proceedings were, it seemed, regularly recorded, but in the disastrous
fire which occurred at the Cork Courthouse on the 27th of March, 1891,
almost all the ancient city muniments were destroyed and with them
the books of the Goldsmiths' Corporation, so that the only records
pertaining to the company which now exist are such as had been copied
from the original entries by the late Dr. Caulfield, Mr. Cecil Woods,
and other Cork antiquaries. After 1820 much less goldsmiths' work
was wrought, and the guild lost much of its former vigour. It however
hngered on till about 1840, but by 1850 it had become extinct; railway The guiu became
communication with Dublin and its assay office having been established,
the competition of the Dublin goldsmiths probably prevented the
resuscitation of the trade in Cork,

extinct in 1850.

628 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,
Flourishing state In thc scventcenth and eighteenth centuries very large quantities
of the goldsmiths' .
the'sVven'ieenth ^^ plate wcrc manufacturcd in Cork, and the business of the goldsmith
Mnturfi^'"""' was so remunerative that many of the leading county families in the
South of Ireland were pleased to apprentice their sons to members of
the craft in the city. The trade and those who followed it, were held in
high esteem, as well by reason of the artistic skill displayed in the plate
which was wrought in their workshops, as for the reputation for honour
and integrity which its individual members enjoyed, from amongst whom
were chosen many of the chief magistrates of the city.
The situation of Cork, with its natural harbour extending in a
direct line with the Spanish peninsula and the West of France,
afforded unparalleled advantages for intercourse with those countries,
whence the city received not only supplies of silver but immigrant
craftsmen who brought with them their knowledge of designing as
The Continental practlscd by the goldsmiths of the continent of Europe. Much of the
element amongst
Cork"' ttT'*' °' Cork-made plate of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was
""craft'Uhere.''' wrought from imported Spanish dollars, and it was no uncommon thing
for a Cork goldsmith to stamp his plate with the mark " DOLLAR " to
indicate the quality of the silver of which it was wrought. The
continental origin of many of the Cork goldsmiths is displayed in
names, such as Pantaine, Semart, Bekegle, Billon, Foucauld, Cadier,
Montjoy, Marquand and Garde, which are to be found in the list of
craftsmen who worked in Cork from the seventeenth to the nineteenth
century. The influence of those immigrants upon the design and
execution of the goldsmiths' work which was wrought in the city, may
be seen in the numerous examples of the art still preserved, which
resemble the contemporary styles prevailing on the continent much
more closely than EngHsh work of the same period. In contrast with
this extensive foreign element it may be remarked how little the native
Irish — once famous as workers in the precious metals — figure amongst
the Cork goldsmiths. With two or three exceptions the O's and Mac's
are absent from the hst, and none of them appear to have been celebrated
as craftsmen. In his monograph on the goldsmiths of Cork, Mr. Cecil Woods said
in 1895 :—
" It is no less true than strange, that, for many years previous to 1878, the
city of Cork had forgotten its ancient goldsmiths — men whose labours had
enriched it, and done it honour — and that none amongst the many persons who
possessed fine pieces of plate stamped with the initials of those who were in

The Goldsmiths of Cork, 629
every sense, masters of the goldsmith's art, knew the names of the makers. Robert cobie,
Fortunately, in that year, the O' Donovan tankard, marked with RG and two of'theCoA™"
castles (in three stamps), was seen by Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., who at once fhe seventeenth
formed the opinion that it had been made in the latter half of the seventeenth """">'•
century, in the city of Cork. Going immediately to Dr. Caulfield, F.S.A. (who,
for many years before his death, was the authority upon all matters touching the
history of Cork), he put the query : ' Who was RG who made silver plate in
this city about two hundred years ago ? ' The reply soon came : ' Robert
Goble, master of the goldsmiths' guild in 1694.' "''¦''
This Robert Goble was the son of Edward Goble, brass founder,
who was master of the guild in 1659 and four later years. Robert
Goble was one of the most celebrated of all the Cork goldsmiths. He
wrought many fine pieces of plate in the last quarter of the seventeenth
century, his best known work being " The Mace of the Cork Guilds,"
made in 1696 for the associated guilds of which he had been master.
The Cork mace has been described in the Journal of the Royal
Society of Antiquaries of Irelandf by Mr. Day, and illustrated with The Mace of the
Cork Guilds.
plates from drawings by Mr. Geo. M. Atkinson, by whose permission^
the illustrations on pages 630 and 631 have been reproduced.
The head is octagonal, each face bearing the arms of a craft in the
following order : —
(i) The goldsmiths ; (2) the pewterers ; (3) the founders ; (4) the saddlers ; (5)
the glaziers and glass painters ; (6) the merchant taylors (probably) ; (7) the tin-
plate workers ; and (8) the tobacco pipe makers. The stem is spirally fluted, its
centre knop being spherical and ornamented with four figures in bas relief
representing the Cardinal virtues : Temperance, Justice, Fortitude and Prudence.
The terminal knop is pear-shaped, with a curved-sided frustrum of a cone at its
extremity ; the disc at its base has the arms of Cork chased on it, to which
a resemblance may be seen in the town-mark of the Cork goldsmiths of the
period. On the top of the head the Royal arms of England, as borne by William
and Mary, are embossed, surmounted by the Royal crown, the work of which is
inferior in quality to that of the mace itself. In fact the crown and its arches
have never been finished. The cresting, formed of fleur-de-lis ornamentation, has
been left as it was taken from the sand mould in which it was cast, no chasing
whatever having been done upon it. This is in marked contrast to the work upon
the other parts of the mace, all of which, excepting the acanthus ornamentation
on the lower knop, is most excellently chased. This extraordinary contrast of
fine finish and rough work appears to suggest some such explanation as that
Chas. Bekegle, a Dutch immigrant, who executed some fine work in Cork, had
been engaged in chasing the mace for Robert Goble, and that he fell ill before
the work was completed. The fact that Bekegle died at Cork in 1697, that the
finished work on the mace resembles work of the Dutch school of the period,
* Proceedings of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland (1895).
X 1886, p. 334, and i8go, p. 300. See also Mr. Garstin's account of "Maces, &e., of Irish
Corporations" (1898).
X And by permission of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland.

630

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

THE MACE OF THE CORK GUILDS.

The Goldsmiths of Cork.

631

ts^/^y^f,¦;^^^5^^'^ ^''''nd^'^§^'§M&

iM

?IS-I

1'9 Z'

,,g 3 p^j^Ma^^^^^^^^^^-^^^:;.r/^^

THE MACE OF THE CORK GUILDS.

632

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Charles Bekegle,
a highly-skilled
immigrant gold
smith, warden ot
the guild in 1693.
An example of
his work here
illustrated.

similar to work known to have been wrought by him ; that all Goble's other
known work is much less ornate, and that Goble's mark is stamped only on the
unfinished crown of the mace ; all point to the probability of the explanation
being as .suggested.
This mace was for some time in the possession of a family named Martin,
whose ancestor was at one time erroneously credited with its manufacture. It
passed into the hands of Mr. Mayne, and was afterwards redeemed for £s by the
Rev. Dr. Nelligan, who sold it at Sotheby's, where it was bought by a dealer for
^30. The Science and Art Department purchased it for fT^ los., in 1869, for the
South Kensington Museum, where it has ever since rested.
Charles Bekegle, the Flemish immigrant, who was warden of the
Cork Guild in 1693, was certainly no less skilful than Goble; if judged
by their respective works — apart from the mace of the Cork Guilds —
Bekegle would probably be ranked as the greater artist. Although no
earher mention of his name has been found, he must have been settled in
Cork some years before 1693 to warrant his election to office in that
year. A fine example of his work is here illustrated.

TWO-HANDLED CUP BY CHARLES BEKEGLE, IN THE AUTHOR'S COLLECTION.
(Scale J Linear).
It is a two-handled cup, the body ornamented in bold relief with an
eagle (in allusion to the maker's name), melons, pomegranates, and other

The Goldsmiths of Cork. 633
fruit, foliage and flowers. The handles are of the harp shape very
commonly found on Irish cups of the end of the seventeenth century.
THE CORK GOLDSMITHS' MARKS.
THE TOWN-MARK.
The earliest known examples of the Cork town-mark consist of a The earliest cork
town-mark was a
ship duplicated, or a ship between two castles, adopted from the arms of oJ'a fwp belwe'en
the city. Often the ship is found in a separate stamp, between two often the ckstie,
stamped twice, is
castles struck separately by the same stamp; sometimes, however, one to^nd without a
castle only occurs. Occasionally the ship between two castles is found
all in one stamp, exactly as the charge appears in the arms of the town,
and sometimes the castle is found stamped alternately with the maker's
mark without a ship.
The ship mark is not at all like the amorphous thing sometimes
represented as the Cork ship, but is always well-formed, considering
the size of the stamp, generally with sails set on the main and
fore masts, and furled on the mizzen mast, and sometimes (as in Robert
Goble's ship mark) with a curious sail extending from over the figure
head to the bobstay below the bowsprit.
There were nearly as many forms of the town-mark as there were
goldsmiths, from which it would appear that each goldsmith had his own
town-mark stamp, and that his stamp as maker was the warranty of the
quality of the plate of which his wares were made.
Two or three examples of Cork plate of the seventeenth century
have been found with maker's marks only, no town-mark appearing on
them, but instances of the kind are rare.
Early in the eighteenth century, for some reason not at present
known, the use of the ship and castles mark was discontinued. The ship
disappeared some time before the castles, which were used occasionally
for about twenty years after the ship had been discarded.
THE STERLING MARK.
Between 1710 and 1719 the word STERLING was adopted as a The sterling
mark ; its various
mark for Cork plate. The STERLING mark was used in various forms; f°™^-
sometimes in one long narrow stamp, occasionally in a shorter and
broader stamp, the word being in two lines thus : l™ Sometimes the
word was abbreviated to STERG or STER. The orthography of the word
also varied, STARLING, STIRLING, STERLIN and STARLIN being found.
The letters used were generally Roman capitals raised in a sunk field,
but incuse letters are often found. Sometimes, too, the word DOLLAR
is found, indicative of the plate having been wrought from Spanish

634 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,
dollars, (of which large quantities were imported into Cork for the use
of its goldsmiths), just as the " STERLING " stamp indicated that the
The STERLING sllvcr was as good as the Sterling standard, that is to say 11 oz. 2 dwts.
mark a guarantee
ofquaiity. ijjig This "Sterhng" mark was in no sense a town-mark — we have
seen that it was used in Chester and other places — but when the town-
mark proper was discontinued by the Cork goldsmiths, the " Sterling "
mark was adopted, and in that respect it took the place of a town-
mark. On a rat-tail spoon of early Hanoverian pattern, bearing the
mark of Reuben Millard, c, 1720-30, the old form of town-mark — the
castle struck twice — appears, at a time when "STERLING" had become
the recognised standard-mark of the Cork Goldsmiths. In reality the
"Sterling" mark was a guarantee of quality, and a goldsmith who
had sold base metal marked " STERLING " would have been liable in
an action at common law, and might have been subjected to a criminal
indictment for obtaining money by a false pretence.
In the eighteenth century some Cork-made plate was sent to Dublin
to be assayed and marked ; the first parcel appears, from the books of the
Dublin Goldsmiths' Company, to have been sent in December, 1710, by
William Clarke, who occasionally had plate " touched " in Dublin after
wards. Possibly this was connected in some way with the change in
the Cork marks at about that time.
THE MAKER'S MARK.
Makers' marks In thc scventcenth and the early part of the eighteenth centuries,
and devices. ¦' '¦ °
makers' marks on Cork plate were composed of the initials of the maker
in conjunction with some heraldic device such as a crown (James Ridge), a
mullet (Caleb Webb and Robert Goble), a fleur-de-lys (Caleb Rathrum), a
lion rampant (George Brumley and John James), and a stag (John Biss),
and sometimes unaccompanied by either town-mark or " STERLING,"
but after about 1730 these devices appear to have been seldom used.
Possibly an order of the Dublin goldsmiths of ist November, 1731,
prohibiting the use of any such "ornaments" may account for this
change, as the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company was empowered to regulate
the craft throughout Ireland. Cork-made plate of about 1770 or later
is very rarely seen without the " STERLING " mark.*
' It has been suggested that the " STERLING " mark of Cork may be mistaken for a similar
¦word stamped on plate made in the United States of America — in New York and in Providence, R.I.
But as the " Sterling" mark was not adopted in America until about 1857, and the American mark
is composed of light text lettering, quite unlike any "Sterling" mark ever used in the United
Kingdom, and the American plate so stamped is of a style easily distinguishable, it is difficult to
imagine how a mistake could be made.

The Goldsmiths of Cork. 635
From 1807, the Dublin Hall-marks and the duty-mark were some
times added to the maker's mark, and the " STERLING " mark was some
times omitted. Probably by reason of the Act of 1807 requiring the
King's head mark to be stamped on all plate made in Ireland, the Cork
goldsmiths were required to send their plate to Dublin, as in no other
town in Ireland was there an assay master entrusted with Government
punches; but even after 1809, all Cork-made plate was not sent to
Dublin to be stamped. NO CORK DATE-LETTER.
No date-letter was ever struck on Cork plate except what was no date-ietter
on Cork plate.
" touched " at Dublin, so that the exact year when any article was made
cannot be ascertained, but the form and decoration enable one to fix the
period, and by the mark of the maker one is able to approximate the
date as a rule within about twenty years even in the absence of any
inscribed date. While this leaves more room for the skill derived from a
knowledge of the technique of the goldsmith, and of the various styles in
vogue at different periods, the uncertainty as to actual date, consequent
upon the absence of date-letters, proves their value where they have
been used.
All the marks which have been found on Cork plate in the course
of researches extending over a great number of years, will be found
represented in the following tables. The marks, however, added in
Dublin on Cork-made plate are not represented, as they are to be found
in the Dublin tables.
As no date-letters were used in Cork, the annexed tables of marks Marks illustrated
in tables
cannot be divided into cycles corresponding with alphabets as in the "^Xl'tk'^ '"""
case of London, Dublin, &c., but for convenience of reference it has been piate.^'*"' °^
deemed advisable to arrange them in six portions, each occupying a
page. These, however, occasionally overlap, as the dates to which the
marks are assigned respectively are (within the working hfe of a gold
smith) of necessity almost entirely conjectural. The marks have for the
most part been reproduced in the table exactly as found, but as stamped
in the silver they are not arranged quite so regularly as they appear in
print. In some cases, however, the maker's mark and the "Sterling"
mark have been transposed, and to avoid the fac-simile repetition of the
mark itself, the repeated mark has been indicated by double commas.
The early marks are in all cases of large size and ranged in a line nearly
straight, as shown in the tables. The later marks are smaller, and
though generally arranged in a line are sometimes grouped in the
manner of the marks of John Biss in Table II. Marks of the time of

636

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Variety of marks
used by Cork
goldsmiths.

George III., and later, are much smaller than those of earlier date, as
illustrated in the tables, where they are represented as found on the
objects referred to.
A feature which cannot escape observation is the remarkable variety
in the marks of some of the Cork goldsmiths ; Robert Goble used marks
of six or seven different sorts, and Stephen Walsh used five varieties,
whilst some others, at different times, used nearly as many.

Following the tables will be found a list of the names of Cork gold
smiths, which was, as to the greater part, carefully and laboriously
compiled by the late Mr. Cecil Woods. Mr, Woods' list has in a few
instances been made more exact as regards dates by the aid of recently
discovered facts, and Mr. Dudley Westropp has amplified it by the
addition of many names found in old Cork directories and other records.
The list has in this way been made as complete as possible.

REPRODUCTIONS IN FAC-SIMILE OF CORK GOLDSMITHS' BILLS.
Below are reproduced two receipted accounts of Michael McDermott (dated 1763) and Garden
Terry (dated 1772) respectively ; the originals were lent to the author by the late Mr. Cecil Woods.
These accounts are of interest in connection with the goldsmiths whose marks appear in the
following tables.

yJ^'^a^^i^Jl,^-^ tpy^^J.

9 .

%a^^pr^ ^ ^

y_^^J^y<^f^3S2>-^a^,:

(%t/ 2 0 yCv.*:? /^/x

/y.^^A^i^fa^rt^s^tyQyC^

a/y..

^ ^^^ ¦^'

sy ;r-,?^--'<0' ^2 17 //

^-^ir^s^^^

The Goldsmiths of Cork.

637

MARKS ON CORK PLATE.
TABLE I. — From about 1662 to about 1729.
The dates are approximate, except where the articles are known to be contemporaneously dated,
the extent of variation being limited by the length of the working life of the goldsmith, which may
be ascertained from the list of goldsmiths' names which follows these tables.

1662 1663 1670 1673 1679 1680

1683

1686

1690

1692

1712
16971705 1709

JS

© © ©
a? ^ a? M
OP <5P Qp

•' 133

1702-29

® ^ ©
&@ SSI

^

MAKER S NAME.

James Ridge.
{Not identified.)
Walter Burnett.
James Ridge.
Richard Smart.
Samuel Pantaine.
John Hawkins.
Robert Goble.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Caleb Webb.
Robert Goble.
Do. do.
Walter Burnett.
Robert Goble.
Do. do.
Do. do.
Charles Bekegle.
Robert Goble.
William Clarke.
Adam Billon.
John Wigmore. (?)
George Brumley.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Chalice of the White Knight of co. Cork ; Dublin
Museum.

Communion cup and paten, dated 1663 : Lis
more Cathedral.
Do. do., dated 1670 and 1671 :
Carrigaline, co. Cork.
Tankard : Captain Newenham, Maryboro' House,
Cork.
{Communion cup, dated 1679 : Castlemagner.
Do. do. do. 1688 : St. Mary's, Shandon.
Loving cup : Lord Carbery.
Spoon, flat stem: Mr. R. L. Pike, Kilnock, co.
Carlow.

Com. cup, dated 1680 : Tracton Abbey, co. Cork.

("Do. do. do. 1683 : Sir Saml. Montagu, Bart.
I Do. do. do. and paten : The Author's CoU'n.

Large paten, on foot : St. Finn Barre's Cathedral,
Cork.
/Do. do. do.: Carrigaline.
I Two casters and two bowls : Captain Sarsfield.

Two-handled cup : Col. Claude Kane, Celbridge,
CO. Kildare.
Communion cup, dated 1692 : Inishannon.
Do. do. and paten : Midleton.

Mace of the Cork Guilds made 1696: South
Kensington Museum.
Salver on foot : Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., Cork.
r Tankard : The late Mr. Cecil C. Woods.
I Two salvers ; Rev. John Penrose.
Do. : The O'Donovan, Lisard, Skibberecn.

j Paten, dated 1712 : St. Finn Barre's Cathedral.
t Flagons : St. Peter's, Cork.

Two-handled cup (see illustration) : The Author's
CoUection.
Tea-spoons, flat stems, wavy ends : The Author's
Collection.
Communion plate, dated 1709 : Kilshanig.
/Salver, dated 1709 : Mr. Woods.
J Paten, dated 1714, and alms dish, dated 1719 :
S St. Peter's, Cork.
( Paten, dated 1717 : Kilcredon.
1 Spirally fluted porringer : Mr. Baldwin, Bandon.
( Covet of two-handled cup : The Author's CoU'n.
('Pair of small salvers : The Author's CoUection.
^ Small oval tray, with "STARLIN" mark also:
(. Sir Thornley Stoker.

« This mark is extremely like that ascribed to Joseph Walker, Dublin ; see Dublin Table III, 1696.

638

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON CORK PLATE.
TABLE II. — From about 1719 to about 1730.
The dates are approximate. See note at headof Table I.

DATE.

MARKS.

maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

I719

m m ^

Caleb Rathrum.

j Table spoons : The Rev. John Penrose.
( Com. cup, dated 1719 : St. Peter's, Cork.

->

)&m SUr&n?

William Clarice."

Two patens, dated 1719 : St. Peter's, Cork.

..

M ® s

Bernard Baldwin.

Tankard : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A.

1715-25

John James.

i Two-handled cup : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
¦? Soup ladle : Miss O'Grady.
( Tumbler : The Earl of Uchester.

JtJ] tUiUKld Itji

"

123 ••

Robert Goble.

Plain cup : Mr. Joseph Dixon.

"

John Mawman.

Coffee pot and salver : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A.

"

{£i{ H>JJ:»KI

John James.

Marrow spoon ; Mr. C. D. Oliver.

H.

Do. do.

Freedom box : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A.

••

\^'illiam Clarke.
/ Com. flagon : Carrigaline, Cork.
1 Hanoverian spoons : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
wiiSfi t.iiiit;»<.'w y^iii^
"
m ^^ m
Do. do. t
Circular fruit dish : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A.
1720-30
^ " IS)
Edward Dunsterfleld.
Table spoon, flat stem : Col. H. Malet.
•'
Ea •• ES
John Biss.
Hanoverian spoon : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A.
"
Sb
Do. do.
Small cup : The Rev. John Penrose. •
"
£3
-Do. do.
Small repouss6 box : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
"
00$ kk4>t^«<tl{l4
tiiot identified.)
Marrow scoop Do. do.
,,
Tfn " ^
John Harding.
>John Biss.
Thr,ee -pron ged fork : Do. do.
Sauce boat on three legs : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
,.
{& ^iS^
(SD
>John Biss.
Patchbox : Mrs. Lanyon.
"
\^*As\1\<\.^
John Harding.
Two-handled cup : Mr. H. D. Ellis.
H<4imUJ
)>
[^
Robt. Goble, jr. ?
Small saucepan : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S..A.
"
^ (^ ^
Christr. Parker.
Salver, noted by Do. do.
* The Sterling mark on these patens is engraved, not stamped.
t This mark is found on Dublin -assayed plate of 1717-8 ; see Dublin Table V.
The Goldsmiths of Cork.

639

MARKS ON CORK PLATE.
T.4BLE III.— From about 1720 to about 1780.
The dates are approximate. See note at head of Table I.

J 720-34

1720-37

1725-40 1730-401745-70

1750-70

1757-80

1760-80

marks.

MAKER S NAME.

Ea?i

William

Newenham.

V sn

Do.

do. •

®

(Not identified — perhaps
mt Cork).

^tpjl lAiCT:!*;?^

(Not
William

dentified) Martin.

¦ ¦¦¦¦¦|iM

wStk ^^^^^

Do.

do.

^SibL&iL«iS^

do.

)ms

Do.

do.

g eaa ^

Reuben

Millard.

E33
STIRLING

> Thomas

Garry ?

^D Mri»:4i«4K(>l ^Si)

William

Burnett.

W«:««W miM\

George

Ilodder.

\Q^^mSEEX [£2U

t Do.

do.

[ssjcau ftRi ^tflti

tDo.

do.

>;9a Hr#=4i44f{M

John

dentified). Irish.

wT K-^^s^s^^tiW

Michael Do.

do. (?)
McDermott. do.

UUi] i.ii:ia/.vj.j

Ulj] BiuUlii

'''»'i Idutililfft^M LUU

Do.

do.

CS3

William

Reynolds.

B^ •'

Do.
¦Stephen

do.
Walsh.

kVa3l;««lv7ri
ARTICLES AND OWNERS.
Plain bowl : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A.
Rat-tail spoon : The Rev, John Penrose.
Silver oar of Castle Haven : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Table spoon (crook handle) ; Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Plain salver on foot : Mr. D. H. Lane.
Circular sugar bowl on three legs: Mr. Dudley
Westropp,
Circular fruit-dish : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
/-A pair of plain salvers : Do.
J Cork maces, repaired 1738 by Wm. Martin : Cork
( City Corporation.
Rat-tail table spoon : Mr. J. H. WaUer.
Pair of shoe buckles : Dublin Museum.
Table spoons (Hanoverian pattern): Mr. D.Westropp.
Two-handled cup : Mr. Arthur Irwin Dasent.
/Race cup "won 1749" : Captain Perry, Kinsale.
I^Tankard " re-made 1749 " : Mr. George Hodder.
Two-handled cup ; Mrs. Lindsay, Cork.
Articles noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Sauce boat on three legs : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Two-handled cup : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A.
Band of reliquary : Mr. H. S. Guinness.
Table spoons : The late Mr. Cecil C. Woods
Dessert spoons : Cork Exhibition, 1902.
Table spoons : Mr. Woods.
Two-handled cup : Colonel Longfield.
I
/ Freedom-box and sauce boat : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A.
I Wine funnel : Mr. D. Westropp.
Fish slice : Mr. Robt. Day, F.S.A
Helmet-shaped cream jug on three legs : Mr" W.
Boore.
• William Newenham's mark is sometimes found without the incuse heart.
j" Each of the marks of George Hodder is accompanied with the " STERLING " stamp.
640

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON CORK PLATE.
T-4BLE IV. — From about 1760 to about 1795.
The dates are approximate. See note at head of Table I.

DATE.

MARKS.

maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1760-80

MiiiiWnTra

Stephen

Walsh.

Two-handled cup : Colonel Longheld.

FH^niTCH

Do.

do.

Circular dish and cover ; Mr. Dudley Westropp.

k'.';£fl^n MitsltlNUIri

Do.

do.

Entree dish Do. do.

E£k2^

Do.

do.

Sauce boat on three legs : Do. do.

^ ,>
(Not Do.
Daniel
identified). do.
McCarthy ?
Cream jug : Mr. D. H. Lane.
Small plain tankard : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Two-handled cup : Elysium, Waterford.
I Sugar bowl on three legs : Mr. J. H. Fitzhenrj'.
I Sauce boat on three legs : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
"
D))U!J fc**a>:*
Do.
do.
WWiUMM gfl]}
Croker
Barrington.
Two-handled cup : Messrs. Welby & Son.
1760-85
(30 oaiZE]
Do.
John
do.
Hillery. »
Punch ladle : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Sugar bowl and soup ladle : Mr. Robert Day, F.S..^.
UU h1r#4!l4t{M
1765-95
ai .. ai
Garden
Terry.
Asparagus tongs : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
1780
»«$< •'
John JosephJohn
Humphreys. t
Kinselagh. Hillery."
Table spoon : Messrs. Debenham & Storr.
Do. do. • The late Mr. Cecil C. Woods,
Meat skewer : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
gg EdtiMil^
f%%\ (i^*:*;*^W*i
"
@Q f.-V44imU!l
Garden
Sauce boat on three legs : Dublin Museum.
"
sc N-i*»»!*'>t.M
(Not
identified).
Table spoons : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
1770-99
03
John
Nicolson.
Small mace ; St. Finn Barre's Cathedral, Cork
1780
gE9
Do.Do
Samuel
do.
do.
Reily.
A dozen bright cut table spoons : Mr. Robert
Day, F.S.A.
Sugar bowl on three legs : The late Mr. Cecil Woods.
Oval teapot stand : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
.. ClWrtJfcftW
^S3i
"
ms
Jno. & Sam. Nicolson.
Halt-a-doz. bright cut tea-spoons : Mr. D. Westropp
1787
f¥)
Thomas
Donnallan.
An odd tea-spoon Do do.
1787-95
m ¦'
John
Sheehan.
Fluted and engraved sugar bowl : Mr. Robert
Day, F.S.A.
"
f^ STERI-ING
Joseph
Gibson.
Bright cut tea-spoons : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
" Or John Humphreys.
t Or John Hillery.
The Goldsmiths of Cork.
MARKS ON CORK PLATE.
T.4BLE V. — From about 1770 to about 1795.
The dates are approximate. See note at head of Table I.

641

1770-99 17771810

1787-99

1795

1791
1780-99 1795

NICOLSON STEBUNG
S-R STERLING
@0| JAJMliA
REILY STERLING
RS
d^ " dig
W4it'^KH SHEEHAN
SHEEHAN U^Mvt^
SHEEHAN STERIING R-S
"WT STERLING
E£a " STIRLING
0SSI mmsm
fSS9 ^m
ESS I.M<.>:<=»*t«rt
IW Mi*»lilM

EM) Si

MAKER S NAME

John

Nicolson.

Samuel

Reily.

Do.

do.

Do.

do.

Do.

do.

Richard

Stevens.

Do.

Do.

do.

Do.

do.

I Do.

do.

JRichard

Stevens.

William Teuton.
Do. do.
(Not identified).
William Teulon.
(Not identified).
John Warner.***
Do. do.
John Williams.'-*
James Warner.*
Do. do. e

Do.

do.

Montjoy & Tolland?

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Bright-cut table spoons ; The Author.
Punch ladle ; Mr, Dudley Westropp,
Plain table spoons : Do. do.
Bright-cut tea-spoons noted by Mr. Dudley
Westropp.
Tea-spoons : The late Mr. Cecil Woods.
Tea-pot : Miss Hungerford, Dunowen.
Snuff-box noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp.

Plain table spoon, turned up end : Mr. Dudley
Westropp.
Bright-cut gravy spoon : Mr. Dudley Westropp.

Plain table spoons, pointed ends: Mr. Dudley
Westropp.
Marks noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp.

Table spoons : Do. do.
Plain tea-spoons : Do. do.
Do. do. : Mr. Woods.
Small repousse sauce boat on three legs noted by
Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Meat skewers : Lord Carbery.
Bright-cut tea-spoons : Miss Hungerford.
j Communion cup dated 1791 : Lislee.
( A pair of two-handled cups : Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Plain table spoon : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Do. do. Do. do.
Plain sugar tongs Do. do.
Half-a-dozen tea-spoons Do. do.

Tall helmet-shaped cream jug : Mr. Dudley
Westropp.

Flat bottomed fluted cream jug : Mr. Dudley
Westropp.

Handles of table knives : Mr. Dudley Westropp.

® John Warner, John Williams, and James Warner were all working in Cork at about the end of the eighteenth century, and,
marks not being registered, it may be that the mark ascribed to John Williams was used by one of the Warners and vice versa.
In view of the date, the Lislee cup was very probably made by John Warner. John Williams was at a very early period in his career
taken into partnership by his father-in-law, Carden Terry, and could not have been working separately for more than a very few
years before that event. Having regard to fill the circumstances, the above ascription of the respective mjirks is probably correct.

642

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
MARKS ON CORK PLATE.
T.4BLE VI. — From about 1800 to about 1838.
The dates are approximate. See note at head of Table I.

1800

1800-20

L795 1807
1807-21 18051808
1805-14

1809-30

1810-40 1820
1820-40

CTgJ STERLING

\ STERUNO

WHELPLEY ¦STERLING

Q

'. k'.'ifM^^Vi

.. ^!h\\J>\Wi

M»=W'W fc*M;«*Jia

Ri^wmn

t «

.. l.iI04>IM4:i

W-'JkW

t y

7v?k

lfcfc4:<:«KW

SG STIRLING SG sc

l..l.V.WL.>IAU „

ESQ
nMor.vv.v'i

E39 nra STERLING
rag!

MAKER S NAME.

John Toleken.
fA^ot identified).
Joseph Gibson.

John Do.
Do.
JosephWilliamJohn
»C.
IJoI

Carden ¦hn

Whelpley. do.
do.
Gibson.Heyland.
Toleken.
Terry &
Williams.
Terry &
Williams.Green. ?
Corbett. Green. ?

Terry & Williams.
Thomas Montjoy.
Sotas ^^'-°'-"-

j Garden
( Jane

S. Daniel

James Ricliard
Isaac (Not
Phineas
J Isaac
\John John Kean
Edward (Not

Salter.
Garde.Solomon.
identified). Garde.
Solomon, or
Seymour.
Seymour. Mahony.
Hawkesworth.
identified).

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Wine labels : Mr. C. Deane Oliver, Kil-
mallock.
Old F-nglish pattern dessert spoons : Mr.
Dudley Westropp,

Spirit flask : Mr. Dudley \\'estiopp.
Table spoons : The Author.
Punch ladle : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Mustard spoons : Mr. Woods.
Table spoons : The Cork Club.
Do. do. . Do. do.
Sugar bowl : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Cream ewer : The late Mr. Cecil Woods.
( Forks and knife-handles : Rev. Samuel
J Hobart Dorman.
J Various other articles with Dublin
(^ marks 1807-21.
Tea-spoons : The Cork Club.
Do. do. : Mr. Dudley Westropp.

Flat-bottomed cream jug : Mr. Dudley
Westropp.

Dessert spoons : Mr. Woods.

Table spoons noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp.
f Sugar tongs : Mr. C. Deane Oliver.
1 Tea-spoons : Mr. Dudle\ Westropp.

Fluted and engraved sugar bowl : Mr. R.
Day, F.S.A.
Table spoons : Mr. M. Falk.
Do. do. : Mr. Woods.
Flat-bottomed cream jug noted by Mr.
Dudley Westropp.
Fiddle-pattern tea-spoons : Mr. D. Westropp.

1^0. do. . Do. do.
Plain sugar tongs : Do. do.
Communion cup : Killanully.
Tea-spoons : Mr. Woods.
Large finger ring : Mr. Dudley Westropp.

^ The Italic K (the mark of Joseph Kinselagh) was probably struck by hin
Whelpley — the name being spelled in both ways.

when employed by John Whelply, or

The Goldsmiths of Cork.

643

LIST OF CORK GOLDSMITHS.
(from 1601 to 1850, ARRANGED CHRO.VOLOGICALI.y).
Compiled from the Records of the Cork Guild, the Court d'Oyer Hundred Book, and the Cork
Corporation Records, supplemented by names found in Directories and Parish Registers.
G.S. ^Goldsmith ; s.s.=Silversmith ; j.=:Jeweller ; w.M.^Watchmaker ; c.M.^Clockmaker ;
B.F.^Brassfounder and Brazier ; ?^Query — it being uncertain whether these were pewterers,
founders, or some other craftsmen, and not goldsmiths, although associated with them, and masters
of the Company in the years stated ; d.^died.
In many instances the craftsmen mentioned in the records, although described as jewellers,
watchmakers, &c., also carried on the trades of goldsmiths and silversmiths. On the other hand, a
number of plumbers, glaziers, saddlers, and upholsterers were members of the "guild of goldsmiths,"
and some of them were masters and wardens of the guild at different times, but their names have
been excluded from the following list because they were in no way connected with the goldsmith's
art. It has been suggested that Edward Goble, the brass-founder, also cast silver work, which his
son, Robert Goble, the goldsmith, afterwards wrought and chased.
It is probable that many of the goldsmiths worked for some years before the earliest and after
the latest known mention of their names.

Name.

Earliest
Mention.

Remarks.

Latest
Date or
Death.

Name.

Earliest
Mention.

Remarks.

Latest
Date or
Death.

Morice Leyles G.s.

1601

1617

Master

Richd. Gould
i6i8
1656
Christr. Hawkins ?
1717
James Rowe „
1626
1630
Bernard Baldwin G.s.
1712
1729
John Huethson „
1632
1656
James Foulks „
^j
1727
James Piersey „
i5«
Master
^,
Joseph Wright s.s.
d. 1728
John Sharpe ,, (
1O56
1656
1659. '65,
1675
James Foucauld j.
Free 1714
1728
Edwd. Goble b.f. X
'72,' 83,
Christr. Parker G.s.
1714
1721
I
¦&'90
John Biss „
1715
1719
1729
Niclis. Gamble G.s.
1667
1667, '71,
1669
Wm. Martin „
Warden, 17:61719
1720 & '7
1738
Wm. Harris ?
Robt. Goble, jun. „
1729
James Ridge g.s.
1673
1700
Wm. Newenham „
1721
1726
1734
Thos. Withers ?
1674
Edwd. Dunsterfield,,
1722
Robert Goble „
Richd. Smart
Warden, 16721674
1677. '94-5
i675&'9i
17191691
Reuben Millard s.s.
SimonP.Cadier j.
>>
Free1725
d.1737 1759
John Webb
Samuel Pantaine „
16751678
1680
1679 &'86
16871686
Thos. Garry g.s.
Warden, 1726
Arthur Eason ?
Francis Whitcroft ?
16821684
Daniel Crone s.s.
Free 1727
1759
John Agherne g.s.
John Hawkins „
¦•¦¦¦.'\ntny. Semart ,,
Warden, 16801685
d. 169917021700
Thomas Smarley
John Rickotts s.s.
Mentd. 1727
Free 1728
1738
George liobinson „
John James s.s.
1690
1691
1692
1729
Wm. Burnett
Warden, 1728
Daniel Harris ?
1693
James Lilly g.s.
1731
1759
Caleb Webb G.s.
1692
i6g6
Peter Lane s.s.
1737
)>
Chas. Morgan „
fChas. Bekegle „
1693
1697
1701
1697
George Hodder G.s.
1746
Mayor J 754
1777
Walter Burnett „
1694
1720
John Irish „
1748
C.1770
Jerome Burchill „
1697
Croker Barrington s.s.
1750
177I
Adam Billon „
1699
1719
Thos. Knox „
1752
1783
Roger Pinkney ?
George Brumley g.s.
1702
1702
1729
Joseph Kinselagh j.
Mentd. 1756
1780
Caleb Rathrum „
„
1707
1745
Michael McDermott s.s
1757
1783
John Wigmore „
John Harding „
J 706
17091710
1729
Wm. Reynolds g.s.
Free1758
1790
J'miah Burchfield ?
Wm. Clarke G.s.
Warden, 1709-10
17111714
1733
Stephen Walsh j.
Richard Harvey s.s.
Mentd. 1761
1783
George Farrington,,
John Mawman „
1709
Mentd. 1710
1716
1728
1729
Peter Baker G.s.
Francis Taylor s.s.
Free
1761
1783 J)
* " Anthony Semart, goldsmith," a French refugee, admitted a freeman in 1685.
f Charles Bekegle, a Flemish immigrant ; probably worked in Cork for some years before he
was elected warden in 1693, but no earlier recorded mention of his name has been found. See
pages 629 and 632.
644

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF CORK GOLDSMITHS — Continued.

John Hillery g.s.

Carden Terry
Richard Walsh
Alexr. Douglas
Nicolson Foley
Harrison

JohnJohnBligh
John
John& Saml. /
PeterSamuel
JosephJohn
Wm.
Charles
John Thomas
Thomas George
George

s.s.
G.s. s.s.
G.s. J-
Warner g.s.
Nicolson s.s.

J-
g.s.

Wills
Reily Kinselagh j.
Humphreys 's.s.
Roe G.s.
Purcell J.
Egan s.s. & J.
Campbell s.s.
Harman „
Seymour, pewterer
Aicken w.m.

Patrick l^yan s.s.
John Sheehan „
Joseph Nicolson g.s.
Thomas Donallan s.s.
Michael Hartnett ,,
Rd. Williams w.m,
Joseph Craven „
Matt. Bagnell
John Elliott
Wm. Uppington ,,
John Montjoy w. & c. M.
Henry Wherland cm.
Jnthn. Wheeler w.m.
Tim. Conway ,,
Joseph Gibson g.s.
Richd. Bagley w.m.
Wm. Itoss ,,
Wm. Byrom ,,
Richd. Stevens s.s.
Wm. Reynolds „
Michl. Cooper ,,
 Tolland „
John Williams
Carden Terry &
John Williams
Thos, Austen w.m.

A

Earliest
Mention.

Mentd. 1762
17551768177017721775
Free 1775
Partners '^•1775 1777
1780
Mentd. 1783

1786
1787
17871787

Free
17S8 1790 J)
C.I 790
1795
Partners 1795

Free1785

Mentd. 1783

1784
Master, 1787
In Cork
Directories, 1787

1787-95

1790-5 1795

1795 &
1810

Latest
Date or
Death.

d. 1785
d. 1821
178318051800
17891799
C.1780 1789

179517871795

179917951795
1795

18201824181018241830
1795
C.1800 18071806

Wm.
James Richd. Ann
Saml.

Harman w.m.
Uppington Montjoy cm.
Ryan s.s.
Fryer „

James Heyland

JohnJohn
Wm.

LOQg
Toleken Teulon

James Warner „
¦••¦¦J. Dorsey ,,
®F. Marquand ,,
John Nicholson ,,
John Whelpley „
Nichs. Nicholson ,,
J. & N. Nicholson ,,
Isaac Solomon ,,
fJane Williams „
James Heyland G.s.
Thos. Montjoy
George StotesburywM
Wm. Greaves ,,
Daniel Corbett ].
James Conway w.m.
John Seymour s.s.
Wm. Heyland g.s.
Thos. Brooks w.m.
Wm. Bagley „
John Carroll „
J. Easterby „
S. Green s.s.
Phineas Garde ¦„
George Wyburd
|James Salter „
Rd. Garde ,,
John Garde j.
Edwd. Hawkesworth
John Armstrong g.s
Wm. Egan j. & s.s.
Kean Mahony s.s.
James Hackett ].
Joseph Barry w.m.
Wm. Carroll ,,
John Callaghan j.
Daniel Danahy cm.
Henry Obree G.s.
Francis O'Brien w.m.
Mark O'Shaughnessy
James .Mangan w.m.
Samuel Haynes ,,
Robert Milliken ,,
John D. Montjoy ,,
John Murphy
Thos. Garde s.s.

Earliest
Mention.

1795Free
1795
Mentd. 1795

Free
1799

18001807
c.iSio 1807

10091810

i»ii1812

10201824

1826

Remarks.

In Cork
Directories 1795

1800

1824

1824

Latest
Date cr
Death.

1830 1812
180018311844
1830

1824
1830
C.I 820
1847
I82I

1842
1824

I8I218451840

18501828 1850

1830

Mr. Dudley Westropp has noted the marks " i. dorsey," and "f. MARguAND " respectively on
table-plate (probably Cork-made), c. 1800.
, . t ^''^?^ °f ¦^°''" Williams and daughter of Carden Terry ; carried on business under the stvle
ot lerry & Williams.
X James Salter with his family emigrated for New Zealand in 1840, in the "Sophia Pate "
which was wrecked on the voyage, and all save one boy were lost.

The Goldsmiths of Youghal.

645

YOUGHAL.
By a Charter of James I., dated 9th March, 1608, the Corporation
of Youghal was empowered to arrange the various craftsmen of the
town in appropriate guilds.
It is probable that by virtue of this Charter, the goldsmiths were
associated with other hammer-wielding crafts in a common guild, but
there is no evidence of the existence of a distinct guild of Youghal
goldsmiths. The number of master goldsmiths working in the town
at any one time was, as far as can be gathered from records, probably
never more than half a dozen. It is however certain that several
goldsmiths practised their art in the town in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries, and that they used in common, as their town- The voughai
i/. ... , (. , . ., • r Jown-mark a
mark, (m allusion to the name 01 their town,) the representation 01 a lymphad or ya™;,
\ ' / i in allusion to the
small single-masted sailing boat known heraldically as a lymphad, but name ot the town.
commonly called a yawl. The mark was first identified by Mr. Day on
the communion cup of Ightermurrough.
In the town records, Morrish Lawless and John Sharpe, gold
smiths, are mentioned in the year 1620; John Green, goldsmith, is
mentioned 1652; and Edward Gillett, goldsmith, was admitted to the
freedom of Youghal in 171 1, elected a common councilman in 17 12, and
was mayor in 1721. The marks of each of these, reproduced from
authentic examples, together with the marks of other goldsmiths whose
names have not been found, are illustrated in the following table, the
dates which appear in the first column being of course approximate.
M.A.RKS ON YOUGHAL PLATE.

DATE
(about).

1620
1644
165016831702I7I2
1720

© ^ ©
nra

69

m

MAKER S NAME.

Morrish Lawless.
John Sharpe.
John Green.
Do. do.
(Not identified.)
Do. do.
Edward Gillett.
Austin Beere.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Apostle spoon : Messrs. Christie, 1902.
Communion cup : St. Mary's, Youghal.

Chalice in R. C. hands, dated 1644, noted
at Cork in 1903, and afterwards sold
at Messrs. Christie's.
Chalice in R. C. hands, noted bv Mr. R.
Day, F.S.A.
The Macnamara chalice, dated 1683 : Mr.
R. Day, F.S.A.
{Chalice inscribed " The parish of Clovrie-
pri'stfi Apr. 4, 1702 " : Cloyne.
Paten : Killeagh.
(Communion cup inscribed " I'lie legacy of Mrs. Mary
Brelsford, ivho died ye 3rd of Feby., 1712, to the Churcli
of Ightermurrough" : now at Corkbeg.
Paten, dated 1716 ; Youghal Parish Church.
Communion cup and paten : Castle Martyr,
CO. Cork.

¦•'¦' Now Clonpriest.

646

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,

The following names of goldsmiths occur in the Youghal council
books at the dates mentioned. It will be observed that there is a long
interval — 1652 to 171 1 — in which no goldsmith is mentioned, and as
the Macnamara and Cloyne chalices are of that period, the list cannot
be considered complete, because the names of the goldsmiths whose
marks occur on those vessels cannot be filled in.
NAMES OF YOUGHAL GOLDSMITHS.

G.s.=Goldsmith ; s.s.=Silversmith ; w.M.:= Watchmaker ; cm.

=Clockmaker.

Date.

Name and Designation.

Date.

Name and Designation.

1620162516281^3216381652

Morrish Lawless
James Lawless
Edward Adams
Daniel Wright
Daniel McRory
John Sharpe
John Smith
John Green

g.s.
CM. G.S.

Free 171 1 \
Mayor 1721 /
c. 1730 1784
17851787
1795

EdwardAustin
WilliamWilliam
RichardPatrick

Gillett
Beere
Huxtable
Patterson CutlerTwomy

G.s. s.s.
W.M. J'

The Galway
town-mark— an
anchor.

GALWAY.
Galway, like Youghal, is one of the old walled towns of Ireland
where, in former times, there were goldsmiths who wrought plate.
The Galway mark — an anchor, generally found in a shaped stamp — was
first identified by Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., who had noticed several
examples of plate of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries stamped
with that mark. The first of such examples, a chalice (now in the
Author's collection) marked with an anchor and the initials R I both in
stamps of irregular shape, was brought to Mr. Day's notice in Dublin in
the year 1875. From the inscription on its foot, which records the fact
that it had been procured by Mary Gabriel Skerrett for her nephew f"^
Mark Skerrett in 1732, Mr. Day surmised that the chalice had emanated
from Galway, of which town the Skerretts were one of the thirteen tribal
clans. A few months after he had noticed the chalice, Mr. Day while
visiting the Rev. Charles Laurence, of Lisreahan, Laurencetown, co.
Galway, observed amongst the family plate of his host a cruet frame*
of the George I. period with an anchor mark resembling that on the
Skerrett chahce. This led to the identification of the marks on the
chalice and on the cruet frame as those of Galway goldsmiths.

'"" The cruet frame is now in the possession of Mr. Arthur Irwin Dasent.

The Goldsmiths of Galway. 647
On the side of the cruet frame, in contemporary engraving, is a coat
of arms : argent, a chevron between three sheldrakes (for Kirwan) impaling,
argent, a fret (for Blake), surmounted by the crest of Blake — a sheldrake
beaked and legged. On the bottom of the frame, also in contemporary
engraving, are the letters p^;^^ which stand for PatriJkT Mary: Patrick
Kirwan of Cregg having married Mary, daughter of Richard Martyn,
on the 23rd of March, 1703.
The town of Galway, which is also a county — its full description caiway tribal
families of the
being "the town and county of the town of Galway" — had within its ^ghtS'"""'
boundaries in the seventeenth century thirteen leading families, their
names being : Athy, Blake, Bodkin, Browne, D'Arcy, Ffort, Ffrench,
Joyes,* Kirwan, Lynch, Martyn, Morris and Skerrett. These families
were known as "the thirteen tribes of Galway." The appellation was
first used with regard to them by Cromwell's soldiers as a term of
reproach, because of their extraordinary attachment to each other during
the time of their troubles and persecutions. It was afterwards adopted
by the families themselves as a mark of distinction, indicative of the
honour pertaining to being a member of one of the tribes. The facts
that the Kirwan and Blake, whose arms are impaled as above described,
as well as Richard Martyn, whose daughter married Patrick Kirwan,
were members of Galway tribal families, connected the cruet frame with
the town of Galway. The identity of the maker of the Skerrett chalice
whose initials were R I, and the identity of the maker of the cruet frame
whose initials were M F, were both subsequently traced to members of
two other Galway tribal families — Joyes* and Ffrench — as will presently
be explained. On a quaint memorial stone, dated 1579, in the Franciscan Abbey,
Galway, the names of Walter Davin, Margaret his wife, and Thomas
Davin are inscribed. The goldsmiths' arms and an archaic ship — the ship
being the principal charge in the arms of Galway — are also carved on the
stone. This record apparently indicates that Walter or Thomas Davin
(or both) were goldsmiths. From 1579 no other names of Galway gold
smiths have been traced until towards the end of the seventeenth century.
In Hardiman's " History of the Town and County of the Town of
Galway," a goldsmith named Joyes or Joyce — the name is spelled in both
ways — a member of one of the thirteen tribes, is mentioned in a foot
note to page 15. In his youth, Joyes, when on a voyage to the West
' Or Joyce.

648

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

Joyes, a Galway
goldsmith, taken
captive by an
Algerian pirate.
His detention in
Algiers.

Indies, was, (Hardiman relates) captured by an Algerian pirate, taken to
Algiers and there sold as a slave to a Moorish goldsmith. He remained
with the Moor for a period of fourteen years working at the goldsmith's
art, and he appears to have been regarded as a highly skilled craftsman.
On the accession of King William III. to the English throne, one of his
first acts was the sending of an ambassador to Algiers to demand the
immediate release of every British subject held there in slavery. This
demand was reluctantly complied with by the Dey, and thus Joyes
regained his liberty. The Moor, however, on being ordered to release
Joyes, offered his only daughter to him in marriage, together with half
his property, as an inducement for him to remain, but Joyes refused the
offer and returned to Galway, where he carried on the business of a
goldsmith with considerable success. Having no son, Joyce bequeathed
his property to his daughters, one of whom was married to Andrew
Ffrench, also a member of one of the Galway tribes. There was one
M. Ffrench (probably a brother of Andrew Ffrench) who appears to have
been taken into partnership by Joyes, and who, after the death of Joyes,
continued the business.
Although no goldsmith's name has been found between 1579 and
about 1690, a goldsmith's mark occurs on a chalice made in the year
1648 for a convent near the Murresk mountains, to the West of Galway,
as the contemporary inscription engraved on the foot of the chalice
(set out in the following table) testifies. The only mark it bears is
that of the maker — R I in a square depression. The chalice now
belongs to the Augustinian Church, Thomas Street, Dublin. The
maker could hardly have been R. Joyes who is mentioned above, but
might very well have been an ancestor.
From 1784 to 18 17 the names of nine Galway goldsmiths are found
to have been entered in the books of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company in
pursuance ofthe provisions of the Act of 1783, which required that all
Irish goldsmiths should register their names at the Dublin Assay Office,
where all Irish plate from 1784 ought to have been assayed. Plate made
by any Galway goldsmith from 1784 onwards would probably be
stamped with the Dublin marks. No plate bearing the Galway mark
has been found of later date than about 1730, and none earlier than
about 1650.
The following table contains representations in fac simile of the
several marks which have been found on Galway-made plate.

The Goldsmiths of Galway.

649

MARKS ON GALWAY PLATE.
The dates in the first column of the Table are merely approximate and are derived mainly from
dates inscribed on the articles named.

DATE
(about).

1648 1684 16951700 1725
1730

0] S i^
CD S OS
5? EO S

MAKER S NAME.

R. Joyes, sen. (?)
(Not identified.)
R- Joyce (Joyes).
Do. do.
Do. do.
M. Ffrench.
Do. do.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

r Chalice inscribed "Joannes de Burgo Aug.'"
< me fieri fecit pro Conventu Murskensis Anno
(. 1648": Augustinian Church, Dublin.
Trifid spoon, I dated 1684 : Mr. J. H. Walter.

The " Skerrett " chalice:]; : The Author's Colin.

Foot of chalice: R.C. Church, Galway.§
The " Prendergas " chalice, inscribed " Pray
for PatI' Prendergas and his wife Mary
Ann, who order'' y^ to be made 1725": St.
Patrick's College, Thurles.
Bowl of chalice, attached to the foot mentioned
above : R.C. Church, Galway.§
The "Kirwan" cruet frame : Mr. Arthur I. Dasent.

In the Dublin Museum there are also three chalices dated 171 7,
1 718 and 1 72 1 respectively, each of which bears the initials of R.
Joyes, as illustrated in the fourth line of marks in the above table, but
without the anchor mark; another chalice similarly marked was repaired
by Messrs. Egan, of Cork, in 1902.
¦•¦ Joannes de Burgo an Augustinian. Members of the de Burgo family (now called Burke) have
from time to time in past generations caused other chalices to be made for the celebration of Mass.
Sir Samuel Montagu possesses one such, of the latter part of the fifteenth century.
f There is no evidence connecting this spoon with Galway, and the anchor mark in its bowl
differs somewhat from the ascertained Galway mark ; but the twice-struck shamrock mark on its
stem indicates an Irish origin. The spoon itself is a perfectly genuine example of the period c. 1680,
and it was probably made in Galway shortly before the time of R. Joyes, but its marks are included
in the above table with some reservation.
X On the front facet of the spreading octagonal foot of this chalice a representation of the
crucifixion is beautifully engraved, the lines, however, towards the angles present slight indications
of wear. The work is evidently of about the end of the seventeenth century, and as the chalice is
divisible into three parts, it was probably made easily portable for the celebration of Mass in remote
places when the penal laws were in force. On the projecting torus moulding of the lower part of the
foot, (by a different hand from that which engraved the crucifixion, and obviously coarser and later
work), is inscribed : — " Pray for y good Intintion of Mary Gabriel Skerrett, who procured ys Chalice
& .4 vestment for ye Use of her Nephew /^. Mark Skerrett ; 1732." This inscription does not
record that Mary Gabriel Skerrett caused the chalice to be made, but that she procured it (probably
some time after it had been made and possibly at second hand). The Skerrett family was one of
the thirteen tribes of Galway, as mentioned on pages 646-7 supra.
§ The foot of this chalice, which bears the stamp ot R. Joyes, appears to be earlier work than
the bowl, which has the mark of M. French ; the bowl was probably broken or lost and replaced by a
new one in 1730, and the date 1730 then inscribed on the foot.

650

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks,

In the following hst, the dates prior to 1784 are the years when
the goldsmiths appear to have worked. From 1784 onwards the names
and dates have been transcribed from the books of the Dublin Gold
smiths' Company. NAMES OF SOME GALWAY GOLDSMITHS.

Walter

Davin (?) 1578 (?)

T. Fitz. F.

Lynch

d. 1771

Francis

Dowling

1785

Thomas

Davin (?) „ (?)

George

Robinson

1784

Michael

O'Mara

R.

I(oyes) (?) 1648

Austin

French

Will.

Leathem

17S6

R.

Joyes 1690 to 1720

Martin

Lain

^^

Jaraes

Kelly

1799

M.

Ffrench 1720 to 1740

Laurence

Coleman

')

Nicholas

Burdge, w.m.

1817

Limerick plate
sent to Dublin to
be assayed in the
eighteenthcentury.

Resemblance
of the marks
of Limerick
and Cork.

LIMERICK.
It is impossible now to determine the date when plate was first
made in Limerick or to name its earliest goldsmiths. There can, how
ever, be verjr little doubt, having regard to the importance of the town
in the seventeenth century, that goldsmiths were engaged there in the
exercise of their craft at that period and probably earlier. The war
troubles of 1689 and subsequent years account for the suspension of
the manufacture of plate until peace was restored in 169 1-2, and for
the disappearance in the melting pot of much, if not all, that had been
previously wrought there.
Early in the eighteenth century, plate wrought in Limerick was
sent to Dublin for the purpose of being assayed and marked, as is
proved by entries in the books of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company. In
pursuance of the Act of 1783,* which required all Irish goldsmiths to
register their names and places of abode with the Company of Goldsmiths
in Dublin, the names of a number of Limerick goldsmiths are found to
have been entered in the books of the Dubhn Goldsmiths' Company in
1784 and later years.
The Limerick marks closely resemble those of Cork. The earliest
known example of Limerick plate is a communion flagon at Church-
town, Buttevant, co. Cork. Its marks are, a triple-towered castle and
the maker's initials (I B), each mark being duplicated alternately. For
a long time these marks remained unlocated, but the discovery by
Mr. Dudley Westropp of an old Limerick toll-stamp of the early part of
the eighteenth century bearing a castle of similar form, led to their

23 and 24 George III., c. 23. See page 540 supra.

The Goldsmiths of Limerick. 651
identification. The toll-stamp bears the inscription "tholsel court AnoMLimencktoll btanip.
limerick", as represented below. " Tholsel Court " was the old toll-
court where the market dues were collected.

(Scale \ Linear).
Table plate of about the end of the eighteenth century, found in The"5TEi!uiNG" mark used at
and around Limerick in recent years, stamped with the "STERLING" ei^Ltntiiand'
mark, was for some time believed to have been made in Cork, but names centuries.
of Limerick goldsmiths having been found in the books of the Dublin
Goldsmiths' Company of the period in question, that discovery led to
the identification of the makers' marks as those of goldsmiths who worked
and resided in Limerick in the last quarter of the eighteenth century,
and to the estabhshment of the fact that the " STERLING " mark was
used by the goldsmiths of Limerick, as well as by those of Cork, as a
warranty that their silver was of sterling quality. On spoons made
between 1780 and 1820 an additional mark bearing a rude resemblance
to a fleur-de-lys or a trefoil is found. Mr. Westropp has observed at the
end of the stem of nearly every bright-cut Limerick spoon which has
come under his notice an ornament resembling a plume of three feathers
which may possibly have some connection with this trefoil-like stamped
mark. No records have been found to prove the existence of a regular
guild of goldsmiths in Limerick, but workers of gold and silver
were probably in past centuries associated there, as in other places,
for the purpose of mutual protection. The names of ascertained
members of the craft and such marks as have been found on plate made
by them, are set forth in the following table, which, although it cannot be
regarded as in any way complete, may, as it is the first which has ever been
published, lead to the identification of the marks of other goldsmiths
who practised their art in the ancient city of the South-west of Ireland.
It will probably be ascertained that many marks formerly believed to be
those of Cork goldsmiths, but unidentifiable with any names to be found
in Cork records, are really marks of hitherto unknown Limerick craftsmen.

652

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

MARKS ON LIMERICK PLATE.

THE DATES IN THE FIRST

COLUMN OF THE TABLE ARE APPROXIMATE.

DATE
(about).

MARKS.

maker's name.

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1720-30

P # S (g)

J.

Buck. (?)

(•Com. flagon, " Presented by Sir John Percival
to Browhenny Church" (now Church-
town), Buttevant, co. Cork.

1780

^%Vi ^

(Not

identified.)

Bright-cut tea spoons :
Mr. Dudley Westropp.

1784

¦*** mew

Do. do.
Patrick Connell.

Plain cream jug on three legs :
Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Bright-cut sugar sifter :
Lord Carbery.

^3B RFf^ tJO!)

"

,, sssnsQ «'

' Do.

do.

Do. table-spoons :
Mr. D. Westropp.

)>

G333 " ESQB

Maurice Fitzgerald.

Do. do. : Do.

"

Gi^ (SSS 003

Do.

do.

Do. do.: Mr. R.Day, F.S.A.

"

BB ST£J? gjg

Thos.

Burke.

Plain do. : Mr. C. D. Oliver.

"

ffn STERLING (^

Do.

do.

Bright-cut tea spoons :
Mr. D. H. Lane.

"

kiLi STERLING

Do.

do.
Walsh.

Do. sugar tongs :
Mr.'D. Westropp.
Do. table spoons : Do.

"

WA'i WAiliiad

1786

^^}'^

Daniel

Lysaght.

Do. do. : Do.

1798

Eia STER gjna

Wm.

Ward.

Do. do. : Do.

1800

Wm. Fitzgerald.
Do. do.
Robt. O'Shaughnessy

Do. dessert spoons :
Mr. John R.Lloyd.
Do. tablespoons: Mr. D. Westropp.
Do. tea spoons : Do.
Fiddle-pattern tea spoons : Do.
Bright-cut do. : Do.
Fiddle-pattern tea spoons : Do.

"

p;91ig4>STERUNcv

1810-20

laa sT^as

Do. do.
Will. Ward.
tSamuel Purdon.

4U4U# «4p %^i*^

QBQ M'*'*i>**'M

'•

" «gp

Do.

do.

Bright-cut do. : Do.

1800-13

03*60 <^

John

Purcell.

Fiddle-pattern table spoons : Do.

The names of Hill, Colbeek, and John Robinson, goldsmiths, Limerick, have been found recorded
1728-30 in addition to those whose names appear in the above table.
* Connell's initials on these spoons are in plain block letters thus : — P.C (not P"C as in the
line above). Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., has spoons made by Patrick Connell with the " Sterling "
mark contracted thus: — STERG.

The Goldsmiths of Kinsale and Belfast.

653

KINSALE.
The name of "William Walsh" occurs in Kinsale records as having
on "March 19th 1687," been "sworn Master of the Company of Black
smiths, Goldsmiths, Silversmiths, Cutlers, Glaziers, Braziers, and other
Hammermen that work by fire." It is also recorded that in " 1689
Thomas Meade, goldsmith, was admitted to the freedom of the borough,"
and in 1733 the name of one Wall of Kinsale occurs in the records of
the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company with reference to plate sent by him to
Dublin to be assayed. It appears, therefore, that Kinsale was not
without its craft of goldsmiths in the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, but no plate stamped with marks which can be identified with
the town having come to the author's knowledge, it is impossible to
illustrate any example.

BELFAST.
Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., suggests that the marks illustrated below
are probably those of Belfast goldsmiths of about the end of the
eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. The articles of
plate on which the marks appear came from the neighbourhood of Belfast,
and Mr. Day is probably correct in his surmise. The first mark, com
posed ofthe initials M B are, Mr. Day suggests, those of Matthew Bellew,*
whose name appears as a Belfast goldsmith in the year 1792. The first
mark in the lower hne may be intended for the Ulster hand, but no
goldsmith having the initials G F has up to the present been noted.
MARKS ON PLATE WHICH MAY BE OF BELFAST MAKE.

APPROXIMATE DATE.

MARKS.

maker's NAME.

ARTICLES AND OWNER.

1790
1800

¦•"iMatthew Bellew ?

Snuff-box: Mr. R. Day, F.S.A.
Table forks (4 prongs) : Do.

'¦' Matthew Bellew, son of Rebecca Bellew of Londonderry, was apprenticed to Patrick Walsh,
jeweller, Dublin, in 1778.

654 ^^'^ Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.
NAMES OF SOME BELFAST GOLDSMITHS.
The following names of Belfast goldsmiths have been found in
seventeenth and eighteenth century records: —

Andrew McCullough 1660
Will. Barnett 167 1

Thos. McCune 1679
Will. Mankin 1730

Names of other Belfast goldsmiths registered in the books of the
Dublin Goldsmiths' Company from 1784 to 182 1 inclusive will be found
on page 621 ante. The greater part of these were probably dealers
rather than manufacturers, as very little plate appears to have been
wrought in Belfast during that period. It is however recorded that
plate was assayed in Dublin in 1809 for Will. Doyle of Belfast, and in
1 8 19 for H. Gardener of Belfast.

OTHER IRISH PROVINCIAL TOWNS.
There is very httle doubt that plate was manufactured in many of
the walled towns of the pale in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries. It was impracticable for reasons already explained to send
plate from distant places to Dublin to be assayed, and it seems probable
that provincial goldsmiths adopted marks of their own, (possibly one or
more of the charges from their corporate arms as in the case of Cork),
which, in conjunction with the maker's mark, served as a warranty of the
quality of their wares.
Derry (or Londonderry) was a city of great importance in the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and three goldsmiths of that city
were registered in the books of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company in
1784, one in 1811 and another in 1814, yet no plate ascertained to have
been made there has, up to the present, been brought to light.
It is recorded in the books of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company
that a " pretended goldsmith " in Kilkenny was prosecuted for selling
worthless plate in 1687, and it can scarcely be supposed that a city of
such importance as Kilkenny had no real goldsmiths in the seventeenth
century. Five Kilkenny goldsmiths registered their names in Dubhn in
the eighteenth century, and three others registered there in the early
part of the nineteenth century, but the author has not been able to glean
any information concerning the work of any of them. The last remark
is applicable to the goldsmiths of Waterford of whom eight registered
their names in Dublin in 1784, and five others registered between that
year and 181 2.

The Goldsmiths of New Geneva, 655
Drogheda and Newry appear each to have had a goodly number of
goldsmiths in the eighteenth century. Of the former town five were
registered in 1784, and of the latter town nine were registered in the
two years, 1784-5.
The names of the provincial goldsmiths referred to, and of a large
number of others entered in the books of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Com
pany in the period 1784-1827, in compliance with the provisions of the
Act of 1783, are set forth in connection with the Company's records on
pages 621-3, hut as dealers as well as makers of gold and silver wares
throughout Ireland were obliged by that Act to register their names and
places of abode with the company of goldsmiths in Dubhn, and as the
category to which they belong is not registered, it may be that many of
them were mere dealers and not goldsmiths or plate workers.

NEW GENEVA (co. Waterford).
In 1783 a number of Continental protestant immigrants who had
been subjected to persecution in their own country found a refuge in
Ireland. Many of them were Swiss watch-makers and working gold
smiths and jewellers from Geneva. They settled at a place which they
called New Geneva, near Waterford, about a mile and a half lower down
the Suir than Passage East. For their assistance and encouragement
the Irish Parliament passed an Act (23 & 24 George III., c. 23) which
came into operation on June ist, 1784. These immigrants were granted
an assay office and an assayer, and the following marks were prescribed
for being stamped on their wares : —
FOR GOLD.
22 CAR.ATS. 20 CAR.4TS. l8 CARATS.
Harp crowned, and erased, A plume of two feathers. A unicorn's head, gorged,
i.e., with a bar across its strings. i.e., with a collar round its neck.
This is the only instance of a statutory assay office having been
set up in any part of Ireland other than Dublin. An expenditure of
about ^30,000 appears to have been incurred in establishing these
people in their settlement, and for a very few years they carried on the
manufacture of watches and jewelry on a very limited scale. Plate
does not appear to have been wrought by them. In a very short time
after having been established they showed signs of discontent, their
success not having been equal to their expectations, and in less than ten
years* they had all left. The buildings which had been erected for their
use were during the "rising" of 1798 converted into military barracks.
* It appears that from first to last, work was not carried on at New Geneva for more than eight years

656

The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks.

UNASCRIBED IRISH PROVINCIAL MARKS.
The marks illustrated below have been found on plate, (apparently
of Irish manufacture), in various parts of Ireland, but their origin has
not been traced.
The dates are merely approximate and are derived mainly from dates inscribed on the
articles named.

DATE
(about).

161I1652 1666 1670 1673 1680 1682

1700

MARKS.

® @

I^ ® ^
ran

Q? ^

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

Communion cup and cover, dated 161 1 : St. Nicholas-
without-the-walls, Dublin.
Chalice, dated 1652 : Mr. R. Day, F.S..A.

Alms dish, inscribed " ex dono Nehemice Donelan, 1666 "
Trinity College, Dublin.
Alms dish : St. Finn Barre's Cathedral Church, Cork.
Do. do. : Do. do. do. do.

Broth basin and cover, inscribed " ex dono J. B..
1673"- The Author's Collection.

Trifid spoon (pricked " 1680") : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
See Cork i58o and Dublin 1696.

Communion paten, on foot : St. Anne's, Belfast.
Plain bowl, dated 1682 : noted by Mr. D. Westropp
in Westmeath.
Surgeon's bleeding bowl : Mr. Jas. Magee.

{;

* Small two-handled cups : Dublin Museum and Mr.
M. T. Kennard.
Flat-stem spoon : Mr. George Lambert.

The punch ladle of Kinsale : Captain Cramer.

¦¦¦¦" At the Burlington Fine Arts Club and other recent Exhibitions of plate, examples bearing
these marks have been erroneously described as " Dublin, 1693." No marks like them were used at
Dublin at that or any other period as to which there is evidence. The examples on which the marks
have been found all appear to be perfectly genuine specimens of late seventeenth century work.

Addenda and Corrigenda, 657

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

THE HALL-MARKING OF FOREIGN PLATE ACT, 1904.
While the preceding pages were being printed, the Bill referred to
in the foot note to page 24 ante was passed. It became an Act of
Parliament, entitled: "The Hall-Marking of Foreign Plate Act 1904"
(4 Ed. VII. c. 6.) It provides that : —
(Sec. I.) "Where for the purpose of complying with Sections fifty-nine and
sixty of the Customs Act, 1842, or Section ten of the Revenue Act, 1883, any
plate has to be assayed, stamped, and marked, or where for any other purpose any
plate or article imported from a foreign port is brought to an Assay Office in the
United Kingdom to be assayed, stamped, or marked, the plate or article shall be
marked in such manner as His Majesty may determine by Order in Council, so as
readily to distinguish whether the plate or other article was wrought or made in
England, Scotland, or Ireland, or was imported from foreign parts, and such
mark or marks shall be deemed to be a compliance with the said Acts."
(Sec. 2.) " Any person, who, after a date fixed by His Majesty by Order in
Council, brings or causes to be brought any plate or other article to be assayed,
stamped, and marked, at an Assay Office, shall state in writing, in manner
provided by His Majesty by Order in Council, whether the plate or article was
wrought or made in England, Scotland, or Ireland, or was imported from foreign
parts, but it shall not be necessary to make such statement in writing where any
plate or other article is brought to an .Assay Office in charge of an Officer of
Customs under the provisions of the Revenue Act, 1883, for the purpose of being
assayed, stamped, or marked, as having been imported from foreign parts."
(Sec. 3.) " Where any person, who, after the date fixed as aforesaid, brings
or causes to be brought, any plate or other article to be assayed, stamped, and
marked at an Assay Office, does not know and is not able to state, whether the
plate or other article was wrought or made in England, Scotland, or Ireland, or
was imported from foreign parts, such person shall make a statement in writing
to that effect in the manner prescribed in this Section, and the plate or other
article referred to in the said statement shall be stamped and marked as if it
were imported from foreign parts."
(Sec. 4.) " If any person knowingly makes a false statement under this Section
he shall be liable, on summary conviction, under the Summary Jurisdiction Acts,
to a fine not exceeding five pounds for every article in respect of which the false
statement is made."
(Sec. 5.) " The Customs Act, 1842, shall apply as if a reference to the mode of
marking required under this Act were substituted for a reference to the mode of
marking under that Act."
(Sec. 6.) " His Majesty may, by Order in Council, revoke, vary, or add to
any Order in Council made under this Act." 4^

658 Addenda and Corrigenda.
THE HALL-M.A.RKING OF FOREIGN PLATE ACT, I9O4 — Continued.
ORDER IN COUNCIL.
The King, in exercise of the powers vested in His Majesty by the
above provisions, on the 24th of October 1904 determined that : —
(i.) The mark or marks to be stamped or marked upon any plate or article
imported from foreign parts brought to an Assay Office in the United Kingdom
to be assayed, stamped, or marked, shall be the mark or marks described in the
First Part of the Schedule hereto.
(2.) The statement in writing to be made by any person, other than an
Officer of Customs, who, after the 31st day October, 1904, brings or causes to be
brought any plate or article to be assayed, stamped, and marked at an Assay
Office, shall be in the form set out in the Second Part of the Schedule hereto.

SCHEDULE.

PART I.
ON FOREIGN GOLD PLATE.
The Hall-mark particular to each Assay Office as shewn in Figure i
of the Appendix hereto ; the carat value of the gold, together with the
decimal equivalent of the carat value, as shewn in Figure 2 of the
Appendix. ON FOREIGN SILVER PLATE.
The Hall-mark particular to each Assay Office, as shewn in Figure i
of the Appendix hereto, together with the decimal equivalent of the
standard value of the silver, as shewn in Figure 2 of the Appendix.
The mark for the annual date-letter is to be added by each Assay
Office after the mark for the particular Hall and the mark for standard.
PART II.
HALL-MARKING OF PLATE.
Statement to be made in writing by manufacturers, dealers, and
others bringing or sending gold and silver plate to be assayed and
marked.
A list of the articles I hereby certify and declare that all the above-mentioned
brought or sent to be
assayed and marked to ^yfirlac: nowvp
be set out above the UVTlCteS WCVe 
declaration. Here set out whether " "  ¦ 
wrought or made in
England, Scotland or 
Ireland, or whether im
ported from Foreign qj-
parts. / hereby certify and declare that the place of manufacture
of the above-mentioned articles is unknown to me.
To be signed by a member of the Firm, or in the
case of a Company, by the Managing Director. 

Addenda and Corrigenda. 659
THE HALL-MARKING OF FOREIGN PLATE ACT, I904 — Continued.
APPENDIX. FIGURE I.
PARTICULAR MARK FOR EACH ASSAY AUTHORITY.
GOLD.
LONDON BIRMINGHAM CHESTER SHEFFIELD
(PHtEBUS). (EQUlI..\TliRAL TRIANGLE). (ACORN AND TWO LEAVts). (CROSSED ARROWS)

Q

SILVER.

®

GOLD.
EDINBURGH GLASGOW DUBLIN
(st. Andrew's crossJ. (bishop's mitre). (shamrock).
@ © @
SILVER.
& ® ®

FIGURE 2.
REPRESENTATION OF STANDARD MARKS.'"
GOLD.

^•625 •925
The annual date-letter is to be added by the Assay Office.
The stamps enclosing the figures representing the gold standards are similar in shape to those
represented on page 75. The shape of the stamps for the silver standard marks is oval.

g-833

^75

^•5

^•375

SILVER.

¦9584

66o

Addenda and Corrigenda.

MARKS ON LONDON PLATE.
An example of the leopard's-head mark of a date anterior to the year
1478, slightly different from each of those illustrated on page 7^ ante,
has been found on a London-made spoon of late fourteenth century
workmanship, sold at Messrs. Christie's on the 3rd of May 1905- The
spoon is of the mediseval English type, like those described in a will dated
1392 as six silver spoons "cum acrinsse de auro,"* and mentioned in
another will dated 1392 as "dim. dos. coclearium cum akehornes."'f The
bowl of the spoon is fig-shaped, the stem hexagonal, terminating with a
knop formed like an acorn, from which however the gilt is worn away.
The leopard's-head stamped in the bowl — like all the very early examples
of this mark — is without a crown, and without the ring of pellets which
surrounds similar marks of somewhat later date. The mark is here
illustrated : —
London c. 1390 \^£i Spoon, with acorn knop : now in the . Author's Collection.

On the 13th April 1905, a London-made seal-top spoon of the year
1544-5, which belonged to Mr. E. Brand, was sold at Messrs. Christie's.
The leopard's-head and lion-passant marks which it bears are like those
on the author's spoon of the same year (illustrated on page 78 ante), and
confirm the author's statement (page 66 ante) as to the date of the first
use of the lion-passant mark. The spoon is somewhat worn, and the
marks are less clear than those on the author's spoon; the date-mark — a
Roman capital G — differs somewhat from that on the author's spoon in
that the outline of the stamp does not follow the outline of the letter,
which shows clearly that in the year 1544-5 more than one letter punch
was used. The maker's mark (which is also somewhat worn and imper
fectly stamped) has the appearance of a crab, but is probably part of an
eagle displayed as 1535-6 (page 78). All the marks are here represented
in fac-simile : —

@

iS

The marks illustrated below, mentioned in foot note to page 107
ante, occur on a London-made apostle spoon (St. Matthew with a wallet)
of the year 1587-8, in the author's collection. The maker's mark 
crossed implements in a shaped shield — as stamped on this spoon, h
not hitherto been illustrated.

as

London 1587-8

(5

]P^ Apostle spoon : The Author's Collection.

"¦¦ Test. Ebor. (Surtees Soc. 4) i., 177.
t Ibid ii., 235.

Addenda and Corrigenda. 66 1
MARKS ON LONDON PLATE— Continued .
The maker's mark — DW, in a shaped shield — in line with 1 718-9 on
page 87, line 3 (of table), escaped being defined on page 161. It is one
of the marks of David Willaume and was found on a sauce-boat at
Messrs. Christie's.
Similarly the mark EG in line with 1 720-1 on the same page
escaped definition on page 164. It is the mark of Edward Green and
was found on a gravy spoon at Messrs. Debenham's.
In the table of Marks on London Plate, Cycle XIIL, the date-letter
I for 1724-5 is represented in an angular shield. This date-letter is
however frequently found in a shield with rounded base as here illus
trated ; the accompanying leopard's-head mark is found as illustrated
below as well as of the form represented for 1724-5 on page 87 ante: —
London 1724-5 IJ Date-letter as sometimes found.

On a fine London-made cylindrical shaped tankard with domed lid
of the year 1732-3, the mark of the maker — Charles Martin of the
"Rose and Crown" in Field Lane, entered 23 Jan. 1729 — is clearer than
the mark of this plate-worker of the year 1729-30 illustrated on pages 87
and 173 ante, which was much worn so that the stop between the letters
appeared attached to the C and made it resemble G. The clearly defined
maker's mark and the hall-marks which accompany it, are here illustrated :
London 1732-3 i^q JJJ ftjgj »Jr»i Domed top tankard : The Author's Collection.
Vxy 5^ Qe» igg^ (Maker, Charles Martin.)
Some curious marks occur on an apostle spoon sold at Messrs.
Christie's on April T3th 1905. They were evidently intended to represent
London marks of the year 1637-8, of which they are apparently very
clumsy forgeries. The spoon is of English make of about the middle of
the seventeenth century, and the marks appear to have been contem
poraneously stamped, but the silver is probably below that of the old
standard. The marks, which have a certain interest as examples of
seventeenth century forgeries, are here illustrated : —

NORWICH.
The four beakers from the Old Dutch Church, Norwich, mentioned
in the table on page 298, are now distributed as follows : — Mr. Wm.
Minet has two. Miss Colman has one, and the fourth is in the Neder-
landsch Museum, Amsterdam.

662 Addenda and Corrigenda.
MARKS ON EXETER PLATE.
A crowned X of unusual form, not hitherto illustrated— the crown
being extraordinarily primitive in drawing — was brought under the
author's notice after the Exeter chapter had been printed. It was
found on an apostle spoon of the latter part of the reign of Charles I.
at Messrs. Spink's in Piccadilly, and is here represented in fac-simile : —
Exeter c. 1640-50 ^^k Apostle spoon (pricked 1663) : Mr. J. H. Walter.

In the first table of Exeter marks, eighth line — page 313 ante —
three marks are illustrated, which were found on a communion cup,
dated 1576, at St. Genny's, Cornwall. The marks are: (i) an indes
cribable mark somewhat resembling a branch in a shaped shield ; (2) the
letter T in a square depression ; and (3) the name mathew formed of
linked Roman capital letters in an oblong stamp. On the 30th March
1905, some months after the Exeter chapter of this work had been
printed, a spoon with a lion-sejant top which formerly belonged to Mr.
Brandt, was sold at Messrs. Christie's. This spoon has a mark, stamped
in its bowl, similar to mark (i) on the St. Genny's communion cup, and
the maker's mark (t. mathew, as on the St. Genny's communion cup,)
stamped on the back of the stem. The mark in the bowl of the spoon
being much sharper and clearer than mark (i) on the St. Genny's cup,
was easily distinguishable as a fruit branch, and from its position (in the
bowl of the spoon) appeared to be a town-mark, but certainly not the
Exeter town-mark.
The Cornish town of tregonev, which was of some importance in
the middle ages, enjoyed in the reigns of Queen Mary and Queen
Elizabeth, the privilege of returning two members to Parliament. In the
year 1554 one T. Mathew was returned to Parliament for the neigh
bouring borough of Penryn. The arms of Tregoney are a pomegranate
slipped and leaved, which beyond doubt is what the mark in the bowl of
the above spoon represents, and also appears to be what the somewhat
worn mark on the St. Genny's communion cup originally depicted. In
the eleventh and nineteenth lines of the table on page 313 ante other
marks of T. Mathew are represented, but the ordinary Exeter town-
mark of the period appears in neither. The mark in the bowl of the
spoon represented in the nineteenth line of the table is a ra\'ed hexafoil

.Addenda and Corrigenda. 663
and it may possibly be hereafter discovered that such mark pertained to
some place other than Exeter, and that one or two goldsmiths bearing
the name T. Mathew practised their art in the latter half of the six
teenth century at Exeter, Tregoney, and some other town in Devon or
Cornwall. However that may have been, it now seems clear that the
mark in the bowl of the spoon sold at Messrs. Christie's on the 30th of
March, 1905, and the arms of Tregoney, are identical. These marks are
therefore now represented as : —
.marks on tregoney PLATE.
Tregoney c. 1576 ^? Q Iiii^i9t'l Lion-sejant spoon : Messrs. Christie.

MARKS ON CHESTER PLATE.
The Chester marks (illustrated below) — the first line of which occurs
on a communion cup at Llanfihangel-Bachellaeth, Carnarvonshire, and
the second on a communion cup at Llangian in the same county — were
brought to the author's notice by Mr. E. A. Jones after the chapter on
the Chester Goldsmiths and their Marks had been printed. These marks
confirm the observations printed on page 363 ante with reference to the
use of the "Sterling" mark by the Chester goldsmiths in the seventeenth
century. It is displayed here with the mark of Nathaniel Bullen, which,
on the paten at St. Mary's Church, Chester, is unaccompanied by the
" Sterling " mark. In the eighth and ninth lines of marks in the table
on page 369 ante the marks PP crowned are illustrated as pertaining to
Puleston Partington or Peter Pemberton. The second line of marks
illustrated below is similarly ascribed. These two goldsmiths with
identical initials both wrought plate at Chester at the same time, and no
evidence has been found enabling us to distinguish the marks of one
from those of the other, but as the marks are differentiated by the crown
in the case of one and its absence from the other, it seems clear that PP
crowned pertains to Partington, and PP uncrowned to Pemberton, or
vice versa. CO 5S3 emSh JMaker, Nathaniel Bullen: Com. cup, Llanfihangel-Bachellaeth,
¦-¦ 1685 ^ HHJS \ Carnarvonshire.
c i6q2 tu3 Bits va I Maker, Peter Pemberton (Com. cup: Llangian,
¦ y Upi qjP r©^ t or Puleston Partington I Carnarvonshire.
The last mark is probably the date-letter C as on page 369 ante, but
it appears to have been imperfectly stamped and being somewhat worn,
only what is depicted above can be deciphered.

664 Addenda and Corrigenda.
LINCOLN.
When the table of marks on Lincoln plate (page 421 ante) was
compiled, the author was unable to fit any goldsmith's name found in
Lincoln records to any one of the maker's marks in the table, but after
the table had been printed, the author acquired for his collection an
Elizabethan seal-top spoon with the Lincoln town-mark in the bowl
and a maker's mark composed of the letters IW in a shaped shield, on
the back of the stem. The name of John Woodward, son of John
Woodward of Chesterfield, who was apprenticed to Thomas Turpyne
of Lincoln, goldsmith, from Christmas 1577 for eight years, exactly fits
these initials, and as the spoon is one of the types of the period during
which Woodward would, in the ordinary course, have been working
after the expiration of the term of his apprenticeship, it seems reasonable
to give him the credit of having made it. The marks are here illustrated :
Lincoln c. 1590 f£^ i^M Seal top spoon : The Author's Collection.

COVENTRY.
The marks illustrated below, which occur on a spoon belonging to
Mr. C. Du Cane, differ slightly from those represented on page 424 ante.
On each side of the "covent TR" within the ring of pellets, in the mark
illustrated below, is a star of six points ; the elephant mark also differs
somewhat in drawing from the elephant mark before illustrated, but both
of these marks are sufficiently like those mentioned above to be easily
identified as Coventry marks.
i'. i5oo ^Ijpp Unil Spoon : Mr. C. Du Cane.

LEEDS.
On page 433 ante, the marks of two Leeds goldsmiths — TB, and
ST (or TS) in monogram — are represented. Each of the marks here
illustrated differs from those; the fleece-mark, however, affords the means
of identifying them with Leeds, and the form of the spoons on which the
marks occur, fixes their date about the end of the seventeenth century.
c. 1690 op) Y^^ ^^ Spoon (flat stem, trifid end) : Messrs. Crichton.
" y^^it ^ij^ wi ^ similar spoon, made by Arthur Mangey
v**»' VjMU^ 41 Jt (seep. 433): Mr. J. H.Walter.

Addenda and Corrigenda. 665
POOLE.
The eleventh line of "unascribed marks " illustrated on page 441
ante, (found on a spoon belonging to Mr. F. W. Kell,) ought to have been
placed under the heading " poole " (on the preceding page) to which the
town-mark (an escallop) pertains. A larger and somewhat earlier form of
the same mark occurs on a well-made Elizabethan spoon with the rare
figure of St. Paul the Aposde, very finely modelled, at the head of the
stem. Mr. Kell's spoon (c. 1580) with the figure of St. Mathias is also
well-made. The expression "rather rudely made" which appears on
page 440 ante, with reference to Poole-made plate is therefore in
applicable to work of the Elizabethan period. The i6th century Poole
mark on the author's apostle spoon is here illustrated : —
Poole c. 1560. ff^ Apostle spoon (St. Paul): The Author's Collection.

ROCHESTER.

The fourth line of the table of unascribed marks on page 441 ante
consists of (i) a reversed R, and (2) BR in monogram within a ring of
pellets — transcribed from an Elizabethan communion cup at Snave, Kent.
A sixteenth century spoon sold at Messrs. Christie's in March 1905 had
a reversed R within a ring of pellets stamped in the bowl. It sometimes
happened in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that letter-marks
instead of being reversed in the punch were (probably by oversight on the
part of the die-sinker) so cut that the stamped mark was reversed, as is the
case with one of the two London date-letters F for 1583-4, and with one
of the two letters H for 1638-9. The reversed R in the bowl of the
sixteenth century spoon, suggested the idea of its being a town-mark ;
and as the principal charge in the arms of the city of Rochester is the
letter R borne on the fess point of the shield, it seems safe to conclude
that in conformity with the rule which obtained in the sixteenth century,
the goldsmiths of Rochester adopted as their town-mark the letter R
from their city-arms, and that the reversed R stamped on the Snave
communion cup is the Rochester town-mark. The arms of Rochester
here illustrated show the R, borne as above described.
THE ARMS OF ROCHESTER.

666 Addenda and Corrigenda,
In some late representations of the arms, the principal charge is a
small black-letter f, but in Gwyllim's work on Heraldry a Roman capital
letter R is displayed, as found stamped in the bowl and thrice on the
stem of a seal-top spoon of about 1640, and here illustrated : —
The spoon on which this mark is stamped belongs to Mr. H. D.
Ellis, who furnished the author with the drawing from which the
representadon of the arms of Rochester has been reproduced.

EDINBURGH.
The Edinburgh marks of about the year 1650, here illustrated : —
MAKER'S NAME. "*"^f ^If'f^ DEACON'S NAME.
MARK. MARK.
Patrick Borthwick. fgi^ JS John Fraser.
occur on a wine cup in the author's collection, mentioned in the first
foot note to page 459 ante; but as Patrick Borthwick's mark of 1642
illustrated in the table on that page has a heart below his initials, and the
mark of later date here illustrated has no such heart, a representation of
the latter is given for comparison. The mark of the castle, which
usually appears on Edinburgh plate between the marks of the maker and
deacon, is in this case absent. Its absence may have some connection
with the fact that no record of the election of John Fraser to the office of
deacon is to be found. Or it may have been that the cup was made "to
order" by Borthwick whose mark appears on it as maker, and assayed by
John Fraser for the satisfaction of the purchaser, there being no necessity
for stamping the town-mark on plate made to order.*

CANONGATE.
The marks GC, a stag lodged, and a third mark, found on a spoon
preserved in the Edinburgh Museum of Antiquides, are iUustrated in the
first line of the table of Canongate iTiarks on page 473 ante. The third
mark which appears in the table as KI.D is, however, not quite correctly
The foot of the cup has the following inscription in contemporaneous lettering: "Brampton
Moor Course the 25TH op March 1666. S" Richard Sanford," and on the bowl is engraved the
initials ER. The cup was probably presented as a horse race prize by Sir Richard Sandford, of
Howgill Castle, Westmorland, who succeeded as second baronet in 1660, and was murdered in 1675.
1 he initials E R are probably those of the owner of the horse that won the cup.

Addenda and Corrigenda. 667
portrayed. The letter represented as K is in reahty X, but the left hand
side of this letter being stamped at the edge of the spoon-stem is some
what worn and the photographic reproduction of the mark failed to
properly depict that particular part of the stamp. A further examination
of the spoon itself has revealed the fact that the marks are as represented
below : — j^-s
®S G^ HB
The meaning ofthe stamp XI. D is 11 deniers, by which a warranty
was implied that the silver of which the spoon is made is 1 1 deniers
(that is eleven penny-weights) fine, which was the standard in force in
Scotland in the sixteenth century.

DUBLIN.
After the tables of marks on Dubhn plate had been printed, a paten
was brought to light in Dubhn, stamped with a large crowned harp,
maker's mark R N (Robert Nevill), and date-letter for 1703-4 (an old
English capital letter (|) ; but instead of two crescent lines as shown in
the date-letter in Table IV. (page 562 ante), a diamond shaped dot
occupies the corresponding space in the recently found letter, similar to
that in the loop of the ip of 1702-3. The three marks are here illus
trated : — Dublin 1703-4. ^ml f^ ggj Paten : Mr. M, Falk, Dublin.
The paten and its marks being perfectly genuine, it must be taken
that this form of date-letter as well as that illustrated in Table IV. was
used at Dublin in 1703-4.

The marks represented below are stamped on a watch case of 18
carat gold belonging to Mr. Dudley Westropp. They were brought to
the author's notice after all the plates illustrating the Dublin marks had
been prepared, but these marks wiU be found referred to on page 557
ante, as that page had not been printed when these marks were
transcribed. 0
^ ... . V. -PL .f Watch case by Arthur O'Neill :
Dublin 1814. f) ^ jj^ Mr. Dudley Westropp.

668 Addenda and Corrigenda.
UNASCRIBED MARKS.
A very unusual form of mark occurs on a number of Elizabethan
communion cups in the counties of Cardigan and Pembroke. It is
formed of four elliptical annulets arranged side by side in a parallelo
gram. The author has not seen or heard of the mark except on
Church plate in the diocese of St David's ; but as there appears to be no
evidence to show that working goldsmiths were ever established in
Wales, the mark is probably that of some English goldsmith of the latter
half of the sixteenth century. The period of the plate on which it occurs
is fixed by the form of the cups, and corroborated by the date "1575 "
inscribed in contemporaneous characters on a paten-cover bearing the
mark at Nolton, Pembrokeshire. The mark is here illustrated : —

The incuse letters COl^ as here illustrated, occur under the high
hexagonal foot of a chalice (the stem of which has a six lobed knop) with
a small bowl, characteristic of the massing chalice of the Roman Catholic
Church. In design and workmanship this vessel is similar to several
late sixteenth century chahces which have been found in the South of
Ireland. It is in the collection of Mr. Robert Day, F.S.A., who
suggests that the above letters represent a maker's mark — possibly
an abbreviated form of " Cork."

These marks @3 &St ^^ are stamped under each of the feet
of a set of four candlesticks of the baluster form in fashion in England
and Scotland in the reign of George II. c. 1740-50. The owner, Mr.
Louis Wine of Dublin, suggests that the CA mark is that of Coline
Allan of Aberdeen, whose stamp (illustrated on page 49 1 ante) it certainly
resembles, but there is no evidence to connect the two other marks with
Aberdeen. The luce* or pike's head in the third stamp is very curious ;
it may perhaps be connected with the fish-mark of Banff, see page 498
ante. The marks illustrated on the following page escaped tabulation
when the list on pages 441-6 was being compiled. The observations
printed at the head of page 441, to which the reader is referred, are
equally applicable to the marks in the following table.
"¦¦¦¦ Three lucies hattrient argent for Lucy, are borne in the shield of Henry, Earl ot Northumberland.

Addenda and Corrigenda.
UNASCRIBED UMiKS— continued.

669

DATE
(about).

ARTICLES AND OWNERS.

1500 15301560I5S01600

1640

1660
1680i6go
17191730
1760

^ ^

ES

®

^ M^

m OS
aa H

Spoon with "wrythen knop" : The Author's Collection.

Spoon with " dyamond poynt " : Messrs. Christie.
( Maidenhead spoon : The Author's Collection.
J. (The mark may be H N, it reads equally well with
L either side up.)
Spoon with figure of Virgin : Messrs. Spink.

Probably a mark of Christopher Hunton of York.
Apostle spoon : The Author's Collection.
Maidenhead spoon : Mr. J. H. Walter.
Mount of stoneware mug : The Author's Collection.
Maidenhead spoon : Mr. E. Brand.
Do. do. : Mr. Edmund James.
.'Ypostle spoon : Mr. E. Brand.
In bowl and twice on stem of seal-top spoon :
Mr. E. Brand.
Seal-top spoon : Mr. Edmund James.
Apostle spoon pricked " 1647 " : Messrs. Spink.
Do. do "1663": Do. do.
"Seal-top spoon : Messrs. Spink.
Flat top tankard : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
Trifid spoon : Mr. Arthur Irwin Dasent.
Do. do. : Do. do.
Rat-tail gravy spoon, pricked "1719": Mr. E. W. Colt.
Plain coffee pot : brought to the author's notice by
Mr. E. Alfred Jones.
"("Mounts of shell snuff-box : Mr. Dudley Westropp.
t Do. do. do : Do. do.

"¦' Probably the mark of Wm. Ramsay or Wm. Robinson of Newcastle.
f Probably Scottish marks.

670 Addenda and Corrigenda,
CORRIGENDA.
Page 3, line 3. For "1638" read "December 1637."
Page 15, line 8. For " Edward IV." read "Edward VI."
Page 25, line 9 (from bottom). For "1559" read "1559-60."
Page 28, line 15 (from bottom). For "1719" read "1720" — the
operation of the Act of 1719 having been deferred until 1st June, 1720.
Page 31 (note f), line 2 from bottom. For "Lydias" read "Lydiae."
Page 36 (note *). For "Herberts'" read "Herbert's."
Page 54, hne 10. For "other" read "otherwise."
Page 65, line 3. For "Chaff"er's" read "Chaff"ers'."
Page 68, line 3 from bottom. For "29 May 17 19" read "i June, 1720."
Page 74, line 25. For "22," read "22"
Page 297 (note b). Delete "Norwich Corporation"; note e, delete
"Norfolk" Page 327, line 15 (from bottom). For "c. 13" read "c. 14."
Page 383, line 7. For "beassayed" read "be assayed."
Page 393, line 2 (of table). For "1650" read "1850."
Page4i6, line 6 (of text). For "28 Edw. I.," read "2 Hen. VI., c. 14."
Page 419 (note f). For "Cousans, Civitas Lincolnia," &c., read
"Civitas Lincolnia by John Ross, printed by Cousans."
Page 423 (note *). For "Jowett" read "Jewett."
Page 439, line 13 (from bottom). For "Mark of  ?" read "mark
of Richard Orenge (probably)."
Page 455, line 16. For "Chaff"er's" read "Chafi'ers' ".
Page 514, hne 9. Between "nor" and "by" insert "is it known."
Page 542, line 20. For "20th" read " wt."=weight.
Page 545, line 12. For " (no money entry) " read £4. 6s. od.
Page 565. The maker's mark "L & B {not identified)" in hne with
1762, is misplaced. It pertains to 1787, Table VIII.
Page 614. In hst of Assay-books extant, delete " 1700-4."
Page 629, hne 17 and notes * and f. For "Society of Antiquaries"
read "Historical and Archaeological Association" and vice versa. The
Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland ivas formerly entitled " The Royal Historical
and Archaeological Association of Ireland," The latter was its name when Mr, Day's
¦paper on the mace of the Cork Guilds ivas read. By an error these names have been
transposed in the text and notes on page 629,
Page 637, line 16 of marks. For "Do.: The O'Donovan, Lisard,
Skibbereen" read "Tankard: The O'Donovan, Lisard, Skibbereen."
Page 652, line 19 (of table). Delete the symbol "f."
Page 665, line i. For "eleventh" read "twelfth."
SUPPLEMENTARY ADDENDUM.
.\ York spoon ofthe latter part of the fifteenth century (c. 1490) having a fig-shaped bowl and
tapering stem terminating in an ornamental Gothic finial, came under the author's notice too late for
classification. This spoon, which belongs to Mr. Harvey Clarke, is the earliest example of York
plate known to the author : the York town-mark, stamped in the bowl, resembles the mark of 1562-3
illustrated on page 265 ante, except that it has a more archaic appearance.

INDEX.

Marks comprising two or more letters are indexed under the first letter of the pair or group.
Marks composed ot intertwined letters are indexed under each letter appearing in the monogram.
Devices where accompanied by initials are indexed under the first initial letter.
Marks consisting of devices difficult to identify by a short description, will be found in fac-simile
at the end of the index.
Every maker's mark contained in this book is indexed alphabetically. By referring to thc
indicated page, the mark will be found illustrated in fac-simile. In every ascertained case the name
of the maker is connected with his mark, and where marks consist of or comprise initials, the names
to which they pertain, are, by means of their initials, indexed also. Those goldsmiths' names which
are printed in chronological order under their respective local headings, and occupy over a hundred
pages of the book, are not repeated in this index, because the repetition of tliose surnames in
alphabetical order would — except for the very short period when the Britannia standard was enforced
in England — afford no help, either to the plate collector or the dealer. As explained on page 216 ante,
the manner in which the names are printed in the lists — the initials being in line vertically, with a
clear space before the first letter of the surname — facilitates the finding of any particular name. The
increase in the bulk of the book, which would have been caused by the repetition of about twelve
thousand names has therefore been avoided.
The lists of goldsmiths' names will be found indexed under the names of the towns to which they
respectively pertain.

A— AC

A ... 79, 82, 103, 105
A&Co 
aAA 
AA (in monogram) , . .
AA (linked)

116, 441

PAGE
+58. 565
... 570
82, 116
... 487
... 458
... 441
90, 193

174. 193.

493 300
487 200

637

AAA, in separate stamps
AAE (conjoined)
AAP 
AB 83, 87, 90, 91, 116, 168, 171
204, 340, 376, 377, 418,486, 491, 564, 566
AB distinguishing mark of Old Aberdeen 489
AB (conjoined) 79, 81, 105, iii, 113, 443
459. 645
^^ (linked) 
Ab 
^b 
ABA 
AB, ABD. ABDN. ABDN r Forms ot the
^^^ j^^0'4 Towf^:*.
Aberdeen —
Formerly two distinct burghs
Marks used at Old Aberdeen
Town-marks
Marks used at New Aberdeen
Tables of marks found on Aberdeen
plate ... ... ... 491-3
Goldsmiths' names recorded from the
fifteenth to the nineteenth century 489
Additional names of goldsmiths of,
from 1464 to 1784

09. 179
86, 154
... 487
I 491-3

J8-9 490

AB
GB
AB LD

}

¦¦• 493
92, 208

1
A.B.S. AC 87, 90,

AC (in monogram)
J^'g' ...

90, 199
211 501

 93:
173. 175. 195. 346. 377. 487. 566, 569
78, 79, 100, lOI
89, 183

AC— AL
AC >
AC) Acorn and two leaves...
AD ... 85,86,136,152,
AD (conjoined) ... ... 84,
Addenda and Corrigenda
AE 
AE (conjoined)
^R (unascribed)
AF 83, 84, 89, 92, 122, 123, 125, 127,
432, 460,
AF (conjoined)
AF)SG J
AG 85, 144, 463, 464, 480, 491,
AG (conjoined)

AG&Co. ...
AGR
AH 79,84,85,;
AH
AH (conjoined)
AH I
WW J
Al
A&lAITAITCHISON 1 •¦•
Ad
A&JZ AK
AK (conjoined)
AL - -

106, 131, 138, 177, :
464,

Al
WT

92:

133. 185,
78, 79.

84,86, 87, 89,90, 129, 147, 155,
182, 195, 459, 460, 487;
AU (conjoined)

87, 176
89, 184
... 659
446. 495
127. 459
657-70
461, 464
•¦¦ 571
... 669
183, 207
487, 491
... 462
91. 203
561. 564
... 491
... 564
406, 464
... 376
!99, 346,
465. 467
... 569
... 300
82, 117
442, 501
••• 374
... 463
... 467
82, 116
208, 569
89, 189
••• 393
187, 460
100, 104
159. 162,
501, 564
458, 459

672

Index.

AL— AR

s^Z

9. 187

ALB ... ...  486
ALEXR &SN  486
Alloy, necessary for gold and silver wares 4
„ derivation of the word ... ... 4
„ description of alloy used ... 4,5
All Saints, Guild of — the Goldsmiths'
Company of Dublin, its masters
and wardens from its incorporation
in 1637 ... ... ... 575
Alphabetical Date-letter, first adoption of, in —
England ... ... ... 57-8
Scotland ... ... ... 453
Ireland ... ... ... ... 535
Alteration in the system of registering
makers' marks at Goldsmiths' Hall,
London, in 1697 ... ... 53
AM 89, 188, 377, 481, 482, 509, 573, 664
AM (in monogram) ... 83, 84, 123, 128
A & M ... ... ... ... 377
AMC  487
AMCD ... ... ... 481,482,486
AML (the two last letters conjoined) 505
AN (see also AoN) ... ... 86, 152, 573

J^t/K (in monogram) ... 85,86,
AN (conjoined) ... ... 143,
ANA  91
".Anathema" Cup at Pembroke College,
Cambridge (1481-2) the oldest
secular piece of plate with an
alphabetical date-letter ...
Anchor, a London maker's mark

between the letters DG
,. „ EC
„ ES
„ „ GO
„ PO
„ „ RO
„ „ RS
„ TH
WA
„ WE

80, 81

85:86,86,86

8486, 86

141

203

56
109114118
559 144150 159
155
445 130151156
445

,, in dotted circle...
,, wreathed about with a cable, as
used at Canongate (Edinburgh)
„ town-mark of Birmingham
„ town-mark of Galway ...
,, town-mark of Greenock. . .
ANe (A & N conjoined) 86, 148, 154, 160
Animal's head, a London maker's mark 79, 104
Annual or Alphabetical date-letter, when
first instituted in England 57, 58
Annual or Alphabetical date-letter, when
first instituted in Scotland
Annual or Alphabetical date-letter, when
first instituted in Ireland
.Vnomalous London hall marks
„ Norwich „ „
M@ ... ... ... 8c
AO (in monogram) ... ... 87,169
AoN ... .. ... 566, 567, 667
AP ... ... 89, 91, 187, 205
J2l/^ (conjoined) ... ... ¦•¦369
Apple, slipped, a Sandwich maker's mark 427
*P| ... ... ... 91.203
AR 84, 85, 86, 87, 132, 134, 136, 147, 151,
152, 17.2, 300, 316, 377, 459, 564, 565

472 386646503

453535 76
300

AR— BA

PAGE

AR (in monogram) ...

458, 571

jdM (conjoined) ,..460,

459. 560, 571

Arbalist

78.99

Arbroath —

Town-mark (a portcullis) ...

¦¦¦ 495

Marks used at

¦•• 495

ARPO 

87. 163

Arrow

78,99

„ between the letters WC

8r. 115.559

„ piercing the letter H

79,106

Arrows, a sheaf of

... 99

„ crossed

... 659

ARS 

... 487

AS 86, 87, 89, 147, 164, 191, 461, 464, 487, 498
505, 510, 561, 563
AS (conjoined) ... ... ... 459
AS or SA (in monogram) 83, 84, 123,, 125

^cr 

90,

193

Stiy^ (in monogram)

84,

133

Ash 
AS, JS, AS
Assay, meaning of the word ...

86,
93. r

147
212 29

Compulsory for the prevention of
adulteration of the precious metals 30
Various methods of ... 31, 32, 33
Entries in the Dublin Goldsmiths'
Company's books relating to Assays
and Touch-Money ... ... 619
Assayers' mark, earliest reference to in the
case of London plate ... ... 57
Assayers' mark, an alphabetical date-letter
in the case of London plate ... 54
Assay Masters' mark at Edinburgh sub
stituted for the deacon's mark on the
adoption of an alphabetical date-
letter in 1681 ... ... ... 453
Assay Masters in Dublin ... ... 582
Assay-office marks, see London, York,
Norwich, Exeter, Newcastle, Chester,
Birmingham, Sheffield, Edinburgh,
Glasgow, Dublin.
AT ... 81,86,87,111,154,176,573
M^  492
A&T ... ... ... ... 486
AT&S  ... ... 487
AU ... 86, 90, 150, 198, 461, 462
3^tt  316
AV ... ... ... 87, 170
AV (conjoined) ... ... ... 571
M'^  89,184
Avoirdupois, comparison of, with Troy
weight ... ... ... 6
AW  487
AWA  486
AWP  486
Axe between the letters C P ... 79, 105
Ayr, marks used at ... ... ... 495
AZ ... ... ... 464, 465
B  84,85,127,136,497
M 83, 85, 124, 135, 140, 460, 497, 559, 664
b ... ... 81, 107, no. III
BA 86, 87, 147, 151, 153, 157, 158, 160, 164
Ba ... 86, 87, 147, 163, 342
<s/3s. ... ... ... ... 342
§il ... ••¦ 86,87,153,164
BAF BA^F )
BANF

¦ I (See Banff).

Index.

673

BA— BL PAGE
Banff, marks used at ... ... 496-8
Banner, bendwise ... ... 80, 107
Barrel, or tun (a London maker's mark) 77, 97
,, „ „ (a Taunton mark) 434, 435
Barnstaple —
Marks used at ... ... ... 435
Town-mark (a castle and the word
BARVM)  435
BARVM (See Barnstaple).
Basket (a I.ondon maker's mark) 78, 99
Bassinet, or helmet ... 79, 81, 104, 105, 112
BB 82, 83, 85, 87, 89, 120, 122, 138, 164, 171
^ ^ 178. igr. 377. 573. 638, 664

<s/0&/d (in monogram)
BB RT
BC ... 8
m 
BD BE

09. 90, 179. 197
85, 143
89, 177, 180
, 90, 186, 190, 192, 563
... 8g, 184, 185
90, 198, 199

83. 86, 87, 131, 123, 149, 156, 159, 160
161, 171, 271
Be  86, 157
Bear passant below the letters IH 80, 109
„ „ ,, „ „ IM 82, 118, 121
Beast's head affrontee... ... ... 443
Bekegle, Charles, a celebrated Cork gold
smith of the seventeenth century ... 632
BEGG (in monogram) ... 84,128
Bell above the letters WB ... 90, 192
,, below the letters IP ... 81,114,115
Bellows, pair of (maker's mark) 79, 104, 105
Bell, tree and fish (town-mark ol Glasgow) 475
Belfast— The goldsmiths' craft formerly
practised at ... ... ... 653
Marks found on plate presumed to be
of Belfast manufacture ... ... 653
Names of goldsmiths ... ... 654
Bendy of five dancette ? (maker's mark) 83, 124
BENTLY (an Exeter maker's mark) ... 313
BF 81, 82, 83, 87, 114, I30, 121, 170, 645
B&F ... ... ... ... 372
BG ... 87, 89, 90, 173, 176, 183, 197
M'S  89,180
BH&H ... ... ... ... 407
Bl  87,161
gi ... ... 86, 148, 150, 154
81 ... ... ... 341,343,370
e^i ... ... ... ... 370
Bishop's mitre ... ... ... 659
Bird 79, 85, loi, 102, 104, 106, 133, 135, 143
441, 442, 443, 513
See also cock, dove, eagle, falcon,
goose, owl, peacock, pelican,
phcenix, stork, swan, wyvern.
Bird's claw ... 79, 101,103,103
Bird's head ... ... ... 77. 96
Birmingham —
Town-mark (an anchor) ... 386, 389-94
Appointed an Assay Town in 1773 ... 381
Date-letter when first adopted at ... 386
Goldsmiths of ... ... 381-5
Their marks described ... 386-8
Their names from 1773 to 1850 395-9
Tables of marks and date letters found
on Birmingham plate ... 389-94
BL 86, 87, 91, 92, 155, 159, 161, 204, 208
316, 491

BM— CA PAGE

BM

 85.138,564

B& M

 487

BN

 87,165,377

B& N

... 479

BO

86, 87, 153, 155, 158, 161

Bolt

82, 118

Bolt in pale between the letters G S 84, 125
Boot ... ... ... 78, 100
Boots, a pair of ... ... ... 442
Bouget ... ... ... 79, 106
Bow between the letters I M ... 81, 114
„ over the letters IB ... 80, 109
Bow and arrow, between letters WS 82, 118, 119
BOYLE  573
BP 82, 85, 93, 118, 138, 135, 211, 371, 573
BR ... 86, 87, 147, 148, 149, 162, 164
BR (in monogram) ... ... 80, 107
Br ... ... ... 86, 159, 316
gt ... ... ... 86, 148, 150
Branch (a maker's mark) .•¦79, 81, io5, no
Bristol— Town-mark (a ship issuing from a
castle)... ... ... 437-8
Marks used at ... ... 437-8
An alphabetical 'date-letter appar
ently used at in the eighteenth
century ... ... ... 438
Mentioned as an assay town in the
Act of 1423 ... ... ... 437
Britan, see Rowe
Britannia, and lion's head erased, marks of
new standard silver ... ...68,69
^iciannia, J'^/, stamped separately 446
Britannia standard, never enforced in
Scotland ... ... ... 450
or in Ireland ... ... ... 556
BRUNKER, DUBLIN ... ... 569
BS 85, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 142, 181, 200, 209
311. 313
g^  89, 181
B&S  468
BT ... ... 81,113,566,573
BT or TB (in monogram) ... 83, 116
BU ... ... ... 87, 160
Bu ... ... 86, 154, 271, 370
Buckle below the letters IB 82, 119, 120, 123
Bugle „ „ TH ... 81, 112
Bull's head (a London maker's mark) 79, 103
Bush in dotted circle ... ... ... 444
BV ... ... 86,87,148,165,342
38^  87,168
BW ... ... 87, 89, 163, 177
wl  314
^W  89,184
BY ... ... ... 82, 117, 118
BY (in monogram) ... ... ... 314
C  458
C (reversed), a cock above ... 83,123
CA 85, 87, 91, 143, 172, 173, 204, 491, 658
CA or AC (in monogram) 78, 79, 100, loi
C enclosing A ... ... 86,147
(5 enclosing a ... ... ... 342
CA HG ... ... 90,91,197,200
Caltrap (a London maker's mark) 79, 80, 106, 107
CAM DUN )
ERON DEE J ••• •¦¦ ••• 5°'

43

674

Index.

C.\— CH

PAGE 103

Campanula (a London maker's mark)
Canongate (Edinburgh) —
Town-mark (a stag lodged or a stag's
head)... ... ... ••¦ 47'
Marks used at ... ... 471-3,666-7
Carat, weight for gold ... ... 6
Carlisle —
Town-mark (a rose) ... ... 431
Goldsmiths of, and their marks des
cribed ... ... •¦¦ 431
Examples of marks used at ... 432
Castle or tower, see Barnstaple, Bristol,
Cork, Dublin, Edinburgh, Exeter,
Limerick, Newcastle, ISiorwich,
Stirling.
Castle over a lion passant ... ... 284
Castle between the letters I C ... 84, 133
Cat above the letters T C ... 84,133
Cathedral church front (an Elgin town-
mark) 1790-1830 ... ••• 5°2
Catherine wheel ... ... 445.669
CB 82, 89, 90, 91, 117, 181, 192, 196, 205, 461
481. 637, 640
CB (in monogram) 80, 82, 106, 108, 109
4 no, 119
C&B ... ... ... ... 390
Tb}  92,208
CC 81, 89, 90, 115, 187, 198,461, 569, 572
'^'g'  89,189
OtOt ¦•¦ ¦¦¦ ¦¦• 89,180,569
CC (in monogram) ... 79, 85, loi, 145
"^ 't^ (in monogram) ... 85, 143
CCC  487
CCM ... ... ..¦ ... 486
CD 85, 90, 138, 193, 347, 461, 462, 465, 572
Q® ... ..• ... ... 501
CE  84, 133
CF 92, 93, 94, 209, 212, 389, 502, 512
565. 572
CF or CF (in monogram) ... 83,121
6'^(in monogram) ... ... ... 446
CFH ... ... ... 95,214,215
CG ... ... 87, 162, 175, 572
CH 84, 86, 87, 91, 92, 137, 147, 149, 152, 154
155. 157. 172. 175. 177. 200, 209, 266
267, 565. 566, 570
Ssjff ... ... ... 89, 182, 184
CH (in monogram) ... ... 265,669
C&H  513
Chalice between four stars in heart-shaped
shield... ... ... ... 443
Chanticleer (or cock) 81, 83, 107, no, 133, 399
Cherub's head above the letters DI 86, 148
„ „ above the letters WC 85, 139
„ „ below the letters WH 84, 127
Chester —
Town-marks ... ... 369-77
Antiquity of the guild of goldsmiths
at ... ... ... •••353-4
Goldsmiths of ••• ... •¦•351-9
Their marks described ... ...360-8
Their names from 1225 to 1878 378-80
Tables of marks and date-letters found
on Chester plate ... 369-77

CH— CO PAGE
Chester (con') —
Maker's mark required to be struck
on all plate prior to 1573 ... 354
Date-letter, when first adopted 355, 362
.'\ssay-oifice at, re-established in 1701 355
Sterling mark used at ... 362, 663
Chester the only English provincial
town with a continuous record
from the seventeenth century to the
present day ••• ••¦ ¦¦¦ 35^
CHL ¦..  570
Cl  87,89,163,183
Cl (in monogram) ... 81, in
C enclosing I ¦¦¦ 81, 82, 112, 115
Cinquefoil (town-mark of Leicester) ... 430
Cinquefoil, crowned ... ... 442,443
CJ  376,391.505
e^  89, 180
CK 85, 91, 95, 134, 135, 137. 139. 201
215. 573. 669
C&K  468
C enclosing K ... ¦¦¦ 85,137
CL 86, 87, 89, 153, 155, 157. 159. 166, 182
462, 564, 570
C enclosing L ¦¦¦ ... 86,155
CLARK (an Edinburgh maker's mark) ... 463
Clonmel, goldsmiths formerly working at
623, 625
Clubs or staves, two, in saltire... 81, 113
Clubs or staves, two, in saltire, between
the letters B.T. .¦¦ 81, 112
Clubs or staves, two, in saltire, a heart
above... ... ... 80, 108
CM 84, 87, 90, 130, 173, 195, 196, 267, 473, 509
512, 565, 568, 661
"6^^  89,181
CO 83, 85, 86, 87, 122, 139, 147, 148, 149, 151
156, 157, 159, 166, 167, 170, 171, 174
Co ... 86, 145, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153
153. 158, 370
ffio ... ¦¦¦ ¦¦• 86, 152
C enclosing o ¦¦¦ ¦¦¦ 86,158
Cock (or chanticleer) 81, 83, 107, no, 123, 299
COCKBURN ... ... ... 467
Cock's comb (a London maker's mark) ... 103
COK  ... 668
COLGAN, T. ... ... ... 512
Collar and jewel ... ... 81,112
Comet, below the letters RD ... 84,132
Comparison of Troy and Avoirdupois
weights ... ... ... 6
Compasses, pair of ... 79, 81, 99, 106, 114
„ crossed, within a radiant circle 79, loi
Congers' or dragons' heads erect, each
holding in its mouth a cross cross-
let (town-mark of King's Lynn) ... 433-4
CORBETT ... ... ... ... 642
Cork —
Town-marks ... ... 633-4, 637-40
References to goldsmiths working at,
in the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries ... ... ... 625
Silver mines near Youghal worked by
" the great Earl of Cork " ... 625
The Guild of Goldsmiths incorporated
with members of other trades in
1656 ... ... ... ... 627

Index,

675

CO— CR PAGE
Cork (con) —
Records of the Guild not older than
1656 ... ... ... .¦¦ 635
No regular Assay-office ¦¦. ... 626
Plate made at Cork often sent to
Dublin to be assayed in eighteenth
and nineteenth centuries ... 627
No date-letter ever used at Cork ... 635
Cork plate stamped with the word
DOLLAR  628
The Guild became extinct in 1850... 627
Continental origin of many of the
goldsmiths of Cork ... 628,632
Cork marks described in detail 633-6
Reproductions in fac-simile of Cork
goldsmiths' bills of the eighteenth
century ... ... ... 636
Tables of marks found on Cork-made
plate ... ... ..• 637-42
Names of goldsmiths, 1601 to 1850 643-4
Cornucopia (an Inverness town-mark) ... 504
Coronet (a London maker's mark) 78, 99
Coronets, three ducal, in pale ... ... 416
Coronets, two counter-ranged ... ... 445
Corrigenda ... ... ... ... 670
COTON ... ... ... ... 313
Coventry —
Town -marks ... ... ... 423
Examples of marks used at 424, 664
Covered cup (a maker's mark) 78, 79, 100, 104
Cox R ... ... ... 89, 191
CP 79, 83, 87, 93, 105, 121, 170, 311, 312, 638
CR 81,85,86,87,93,114, 139, 151, 154, 163
270. 345. 346. 443. 446. 466, 638
^M.  89, 181, 183
OR (in monogram) ... ••• ••• I30
dr}  92.210
Crescent mark •.. ... ... 656
„ enclosing mullet 78, 79, 80, 83, 98, 100
I03, 108, 109, 115, 116, 503
Crescent and three mullets ... 79,101,102
„ enclosing saltire ... 81,112
,, enclosing the letter I ... 81,112
„ enclosing the letter W 80, 81, 107, 108
109, III, 113, 113
„ with the letter T over 81, 113
„ with the letter W over 78, loi '
Crescents, two, in pale ... 81, no, 656
is]  93.94.213
Crichton, J. ... ... ... ... 467
Cross, couped 79, 81, 105, 109, no, 444
„ incuse ... ... 77. 97
„ fleury ... ... ... 669
,, in dotted circle between four
pellets ... ... 313.441
„ pattee ... ... 77. 97
„ raguly, incuse (an unascribed pre-
Reformation English mark) ... 441
„ saltire, or St. Andrew's Cross 510, 659
„ within a bordure ... 81,112
Cross keys, mark ... ... ... 656
Crossed arrows ... ... 99, 659
Crown ... 80, 107, 294, 295, 300, 401
Crowns, three, or ducal coronets, in pale 416
Crown and rose (a maker's mark) 78, 99
Crowned rose (a Norwich mark) ... 291, 292
Crowned rose ... ... ... 442

CR— DH PAGE
Crowned rose and fleur-de-lis dimidiated 261
Crozier, between the letters GS 84, 125
WS 1  94.214
CS 83, 85, 87, 134, 141, 175, 468, 565, 567
C&S ... ... ... ... 570
'jf }  94.95.214,215
CT ••• 83, 133, 563, 565, 566, 640
"SSr  90,193
CT or TC (in monogram) ... 83,124
°GF ]•  94. 213. 214
Pw I  567.642
& }  642
IW .•
Cup covered (a maker's mark) 78, 79, 100, 104
CV ••¦ ••• 86, 87, 154, 160
CW 84, 90, 91, 139, 133, 197, 198, 300, 302, 270
418, 637, 668
C enclosingW ... ... 81, 113
C over W ••• ••• ... 84, 139, 442
C&W  467
CY (in monogram) •.. ... 84,128
D ... 78, 80, 82, 97, 107, 108, 118, 399
SD  85, 138, 142
DA 85, 86, 87, 141, 143, 149, 155, 157. 159
161, 168
Dagger between the letters ID... 85, 140
Date-letters, when first adopted in —
England ... ••• ••• 57
Scotland ... ••• ... 453
Ireland •.. ••• ••¦ ••• 535
Misconceptions hitherto prevailing as
to the correct rotation of Dublin
date-letters explained ••. 541-52
DB  85, 139, 467, 559
DC 84, 85, 87, 130, 135, 173, 175, 318, 345, 669
gS%  89,180
3P«  468
D enclosing C ... 81, 83, no, 119
D&C ... ••• 95.215
DCF ... ... ••• 89, 189
DOR ... ... ¦• ••• 481
DCR&S  486
DD ••. ... ... 91, 304, 486
SSQ)  464
&S) (interlaced) ... ... •••473
De' ••• ... 86, 149, 152, 567
Deacons' marks used at Edinburgh from
1552101677 ... ... 448,449
DE BA  86, 147
DE \  486
GE J ^
DERMOTT MD ..• ... ... 639
Derry, or Londonderry —
Goldsmiths formerly working at ... 654
DF  - 486

505

DF I
INS J
DFT  486
DG 82, 85, 89, 118, 135, 143, 182, 473, 509
DG (in monogram) ... ... ¦•• 458
DH ... ... 89,90,177,192,487

676

Index.

DH-DU

DH (conjoined)
DH&Co ••
DH )
CH I
DH RH
DlDi
D&JS

89, 182
... 458
... 405

 95. 215
90, 195
86, 87, 148, 149, 171
87, 167
 467
DK 87, 163, 463, 512, 561, 562, 563, 564, 566
DL ... 84, 87, 131, 175, 177, 346, 653
DLG ... ... ... ... 431
DM ••• 90,196,486,501,567,570,573
OS^ ... ... ... 89,190,464
DM (conjoined) ... ... ... 461
D&M ... ... ... 465,486,487
DMC ... ... ... 486,640
DMCC ... ... ... ... 486
DMCD ... ... ... ... 487
DMCG  467
DO  86,15!
DOLLAR (a Cork mark) ... 638,640
Dorchester —
Marks used at ... ... 438,439
Names of goldsmiths of ... ... 439
Dordrecht, similarity of rose mark used at
to a Norwich mark ... ... 293
Doubtful or unascribed provincial marks —
English 441-6, Scottish 511-2, Irish... 656
DOUGLAS  493
Dove holding olive branch ... ... no
.. „ ,, „ below HN 84, 126
^^ , . . ••¦ 89, 92, 189, 208, 565, 573
DP (conjoined) ... ... ... 458
S)Sfi  565
DPW  89, 190
DR ... 83,84,124,126,133,441,481
Dragon between the letters T F 81, 114
Dragons' or congers' heads, three, each
holding in its mouth a cross crosslet 433
Drogheda —
Goldsmiths working at, in the
eighteenth century ... ... 655
Dromedary (an Inverness town-mark) ... 504
DS ... ... 89, 186, 189,444,486
D&S ••. ... ... ... 487
DS&COY.  ^8^
DS Rs ... ... ... 90, 199
DS> RS|  91.204
M^] 
DT ... ••• 87, 168, 486,487
Du ••• ••• ••• ... 370
Dublin- Distinguishing marks —
I. Lion, harp and castle 516, 535
2. The harp crowned 521, 538
Duty marks —
I. Figure of Hibernia 553-6
2. Sovereign's head... ... 556
Britannia standard never enforced in
Ireland ... ... ... 556
Early goldsmiths of ... ... ^13
Examples of their work mentioned 513, 624
A guild of goldsmiths there in 1498... 514

90, 195

DU— DU PAGE
Dublin (con.) —
Marking of plate 1605-36 under control
of City Corporation ... .•• 516
Charter granted by Charles I. to
Dublin Company in 1637 ... 518
Its provisions in cYteHso ... 519-28
Misconception hitherto prevailing
with regard to Dublin hall-marks
and the rotation of date-letters ... 537
Distinguishing features of the various
cycles of date-letters explained in
detail ... ... 541-52. 667
Tables of date-letters and other marks
used on Dublin plate from 1638 to
1903 in fac simile ... 559-73. 667
Gold wares, how marked ••.557, 568-9, 667
Date-letter, adopted in 1638, made
statutory by the Irish Parliament
in 1729 ... ... .•• 536
Much Dublin plate of the eighteenth
century not marked with a date-
letter ... ... ... ... 552
Records of the Dublin Goldsmiths'
Company ... 529-34. 575-633
Marks used by Dublin goldsmiths
frora 1605-6 described ... 535-58
Names of Dublin goldsmiths from
I300 to 1630 ... ... ... 574
Masters and Wardens of the Company
from its incorporation in 1637 to
1904 ... ... ... 575-82
Assay Masters from 1638 to 1905 ... 582
Clerks of the Company, with dates of
their appointment, from 1693 ... 583
Freemen of the Company from 1637 583-9
Enrolments of apprentices to Dublin
goldsmiths from 1632 to 1823 590-604
List of quarter brothers and journey
men from 1661 to 1738, and from
1744 to 1775 ... ... 605-10
Names of goldsmiths registered in the
Company's books in 1784 and fol
lowing years ... ... ...610-2
Additional goldsmiths' names from
old Dublin Directories from 1760
to 1808 ... ... ... 613-4
List of goldsmiths for whom plate
was assayed in Dublin from 1638
to i8n (from the Assay Books of
the Company) ... ... ...614-8
Entries in the Company's books refer
ring to assays and touch money 619-20
Names of provincial goldsmiths regis
tered in Dublin between 1784 and
1827 arranged alphabetically under
counties ... ... ...621-3
Tables of marks and date-letters on
Dublin -made plate ... 559-73
Scarcity of early Irish plate accounted

for

51/

C. Leslie, a noted goldsmith of Dublin 564
Dundee —
Town-mark ... ... ... ^00
Marks used at, described ... ... 500
Names of goldsmiths of, from 1550
,,to 1834 ...  499
1 able of marks found on Dundee plate 501
DU *
NHj ••• ¦•¦ ••¦ 91,206

Index.

677

DU— ED PAGE
Dutch and Flemish Art, probable influence
of upon the early goldsmiths of
Norwich ... ... 285-6, 292
Upon the goldsmiths of Cork ... 633
Duty on plate —
England and Scotland 19-21, 69-71, 451
Ireland ... ... ... 69-71, 553-6
Certain articles exempted from liability 70
Duty mark —
England & Scotland 69-71, 91-5, 454, 464-8
Ireland ... ... ... 553-6, 564-70
DV ... ... ... ... 441
@2^  84,133
DW 82, 83, 85, 87, 8g, 92, 118, 119, 122, 143
166, 174, 178, 209, 479, 661
^7/^  89,182
T&m. ... ... ... 89, 180, 188
D enclosing W ... ... ... 421
D&W  569
89, 189
87, 166
81, 113
... 492
466, 467
85, 90, 152, 194
314.315 89, 179
90, 194

DW (
IF j
DYDY (in monogram)
E
E&Co. EA
I] ¦¦•
EA EA
Eagle (a London maker's mark) 78, 79,
98, 99, 102, 108, no
„ displayed (a Perth town -mark) ... 508
EA IS ... ... ... 89, 190
Earliest known example of English plate
with an alphabetical date-letter
(chalice at Nettlecombe, Somerset) 57, 96
EASTON (an Exeter maker's mark) ... 313
EB 84, 85, 87, 131, 137, 140, 171, 172, 175, 176,
341, 481, 563, 572
SsM ... ... 89, 90, 180, 192, 562
©^ ... ... ... 89, 180
E&B  573
jij  94.213
EB
94. 213

JB>

EC 82, 85, 86, 87, 90, I30, 134, 140, 151, 168
169, 170, 195, 197, 559, 563, 564, 56S
EC (in monogram) ... ... ... 459
E enclosing C ... ... 81,115
se  89, 186, 187
©C (conjoined) ... ... ... 460
  572
;}  95.215
ED 83, 86, 87, 89, go, 124, 146, 150, 167, 168
i85, 188, igi, 192, 301, 638
ED (conjoined) ... ... "... 432
(§® ... ... ... 91,201
®^ ... ... ... 87,162
Ed ... ... ... 87, 160

EC (
BCjtt

ED— ER PAGE
Edinburgh —
Town-mark (a castle) ... 453,458-68
Goldsmiths of ... ... 449-52
Originally associated with other
hammer wielding trades they be
came an independent Corporation
in 1525 ... ... ... 449
Their marks described ... 452-57
Their names from 1525 to 1798 470-1
Tables of date-letters and other
marks ... ... 458-68, 666
Deacon's mark required to be set on
all plate from 1457 to 1681 ... 452
Assayer's mark substituted for the
deacon's mark in 1681 ... ... 453
Thistle mark substituted for the
Assayer's mark in 1759 ... ... 453
Date-letter adopted in i58i ... 453
Canongate (Edinburgh) Town-marks 471-3
In early times a. distinct burgh with
its own Incorporation of hammer
men ... ... ... ... 471
Examples of goldsmiths' marks 473, 666-7
E° '  87,168

ED I
PI I

JE /
EEJWB EF

94.214 94, 212
87, 91, 173, 176, 203, 564
S^  89,183
EG 84, 85, 87, 89, go, 1.30, 136, 139, 167, 172
173, 182, 192, 661, 645
EGAN, CORK ... ... ... 57°
EH 82, 84, 85, 87, 89, 116, 131, 132, 138, 162
186, 301, 642
<&W^  89, 187
El 83, 84, 87, 90, 91, 122, 131, 164, 166, 198
204, 306, 639
EJ 89, 90, 186, 192, 376, 568, 569, 570
E J (in monogram) ... ... ... 570
Iw}  94.213
E&JJ  568
EJ&JJ ... ••• •• ••• 569
EJ&WB  94.213
EK  85,141,376
EL 83, 83, 91, ii5, 134, 201, 462, 501
S-ff  85,89,140,181
ei; ... ... ... ... 316
Elephant (a Coventry mark) ... 423, 664
Elgin- Town -marks ... ... ... 502
Table of marks used at ... ... 503
Names of goldsmiths ... ... 502
EM 84, 87, 89, 92, 131, 133, i85, 207, 373, 418
567. 573
EM (in monogram) ... 81, 84, 113, 134
(f J^  89, 183
ffiAt  573'
EN  376
En ... ... ... 87, 169
va}  86,158
EO ... ... 85, 89, 138, 186,462
EP ... 87, 164, 168, 174, 461, 568
Si^  569
ER 81, 82, 84, 87, 90, 91, 109, 116, 120, 130, 174
195, ig8, 201, 502

678

Index.

ER— FI PAGE
ER (in monogram) ... ... 79,103
ES 82, 85, 89, 119, 144, 185, 391, 392, 445
561, 656
ES or SE (in monogram) ... 79, 106
Escallop shell 80, 81, 84, 98, 106, 107, 114, 116
118, ng, 137, 440, 665
Estoile (see also Mullet & Star) 3g7, 300, 443, 444
ESTON  313,315
ET 83, 84, 8g, 90, 134, 126, 127, 143, 182, 198
199. 390. 391. 572
EV ... 85, 87, 137, 165, 169, 173
S<^  89,185
EW 81, 86, 87, 112, 158, 159, 166, 170,377
4.34. 512
&W  562
<&Wi ... ... 89,90,181,193
Exeter —
'Town-marks ... ... 305-8
Goldsmiths of, and their marks
described ... ... 304-12
Their names from 1327 to 1883 ... 325-6
Tables of marks and date-letters 3 13-24, 662
Date-letter probably used in the six
teenth century... ... ...306-7
Date-letter regularly used from 1701 309
Assay Office at, established in 1701... 308
Assay Office at, closed in 1883 ... 312
Ql,^ J (an Exeter mark) .. ... 315
EY  87, 174
F ...83, 85, 87, 122, 145, 170, 171, 645
^ ••¦ ••• ••• 82, ng, 131
FA 84, 86, 87, 133, I4g, 150, 153, 154, 155
163, 163
Fa ... ... 86, 87, 154, 161
Falcon (a London maker's mark) 79, 103, 104
2^^.-Jy (in monogram) ... go, 193
FB 78, 85, 100, 136, 376, 511, 566, 573
<^*  343
FB \
ND/ •¦• •¦• •¦• 90, 194
f-B'-s  408
F. BROS  ror
F-Bs.  ^7^
FC 84, 89, go, 139, 188, 196, 197, 391
i^"^  89,184
Jffi  83,121
FC (in monogram) ... ... 83,121
^°  87, 94, i58, 213', 512
<3t5? ••¦ •¦• ••• g4. 212
J^^ (in monogram) ... 85,140
Fe ••• ... ... 87, 164, 165
Fetterlock (a London maker's mark) 77 96
%\^  85, '140
^"•^  486
;° . ¦¦¦ , - 85,87,133,135,169
FG (m monogram)  79.81,103,115
F. GARrHORNE ... ... 85,145
THcr ¦¦¦ , 95, 215,445,464,4651570
FHE (m monogram) ... ... gr 1,7
fI -  '565
^!,  •¦• 86,151
,K V; 1 .* --r^ 77. 96, 97. 297, 498
,, above the letters TC ... 85,135
,, „ ,. .. TK ... 85, 143
„ tree and bell (town-mark of Glasgow) 475

F— G

F&JSFKF&K
FL

... 486
89, 178, 188
90. 184, 193
- 565
4, 86, 125, 153, 154, 156

Fleece, the golden (town-mark of Leeds) 433, 664
Fleur-de-lis 77, 78, 79, 80, 97, 100, loi, 102
107, 300,419,421, 511
,, ,, and leopard's head crowned,
both dimidiated and conjoined,
(the early York mark) 258, 670
„ „ and rose crowned (later York
mark) ... ... ... 261
Flower mark 77, 82, 97, 103, 116, 130, 286
297. 2g8, 300, 313, 443
See also Rose, campanula, quatrefoil,
cinquefoil
FM ...  569
F&M ... ... ... ... 505
FM&S  573
FN ... ... ... 89, 180,487
c^t/f (in monogram) 87, 90, 170, 192
FO ... ... ... 86, 156
S.®  86, 154
FO or OF (in monogram) ... 85, 139
Footprint (a London maker's mark) 77, 97
Forgery of hall-marks on plate 41, 552-5, 65i
Foreign plate imported into the United
Kingdom, assaying and hall-marking
^ '^f  24,657-9
r ox (a maker's mark) ... 79, 106
FP  84, 126
^S?  8g, 178
FR ... ... 86, 146, 155, 316, 573
FR (in monogram) ... ... 79,103
^ ... ... ... ... 343
Jtr ••• ¦•• ••• 87, 160, 173
Frauds ... ... 15, 41, 44g, 533-4
Fringed Smark ... 78, g7, g8, 99, 100
Fruit, slipped (a London maker's mark) 81
112, 313
FS 81, 84, 87, 89, 91, 113, 133, 175, 182, 202
394. 642
FS (in monogram) ... ... 81,113
FT ... ,.. 87,163,266,267
FT (conjoined) ... ... 81, in
F enclosing T (in monogram) ... 79, 104
FV ... ... ... ... 316
^^  89,191
FW 83, 84, 85, 89, 124, 127, 129, 136, 189, 564
^ fr ... ... ... go, ig3
FW (in monogram) ... ... 81,112,113
F & W ... ... ... . . . 3go
^WJS^  89,187
G ... ... 81,84,111,130,445
GA 80, 86, 90, 94, log, 147, 148, 151, 155, 196
213, 214, 486, 568
 573
GA & Co. ... ... ... 405,406
Galleon, or ship in full sail (sometimes
between two towers or castles) ... 637
G. ALLEY  ... 572

Index.

679

GA — GK PAGE
Galway —
Town-mark ... ... ... 646
Table of marks ... ... . 649
Names of goldsmiths ... ... 650
Garbs, three ; between a sword erect, or
dimidiated, with three lions passant
(town-mark of Chester) 361-3, 369-77
GARDNER ... ... ... ... 569
GARTHORNE. F ... ... 85,145
Gate mark ... ... ... 77, g7, 4go
„ below the letters BY ... 82,117,118
Gateshead, marks used at ... ... 432
GB 84, 87, 8g, gi, 125, 163, 164, 170, 178, 184
187, 188, 204, 205, 466, 4g3, 503, 637
^^ ¦¦¦ ¦¦¦ 8g, I7g, 343, 567
®S  343
G&B  "iii
GB) ¦¦¦ ''
tb| 
GBTM 

GB
WS j
GC

g2, 208
go, 200
8g, igo
... 93, 207, 459, 464, 4gi
89, 187
... 376
„  95.215
82, 83, 84, 120, 124, 136, 487
 487
87, 176, 498
89, 181
87, 162
... 406
462

94,214
Gemini (a London maker's mark) 77, 97
Geneva, New (co.Waterford), marks used at 655
GER ... ..'. ... ... 486
GE&S ... ... ... ... 467
GF 85, go, 94, 142, 196, 214, 331, 446, 463, 465
573. 653
GF, a swan below ... ... ... 445
GFP ... ... ... 94.213

GCL
GOP GD
GD&CoGE

GE&Co GEDGE I
GF \

GFW

377

GG 82, 84, 85, 87, 91, 95, 118, 132, 138, 142
172, 203, 204, 315, 270, 348
GH 87, 89, go, 172, 174, 177, 186, 189, 196, 410
565, 639, 656
GHWC ... •¦¦ •.. gi, 200
wc}  91,202
Gh (in monogram) ... ... ... 458
GI 86, 87, g4, 147, 150, 152, 157, 161, 162, 165
176, 213, 487
^^ ... ... 8g, go, 183, ig4
(SJ  86, I5g
Gi ... .. ... 86, 152,370
(it . . ... ... 86, 147
G enclosing I ... ... 86,156
GIBSON ... ... 573,642
Giles, Saint, figure of (an Elgin mark) ... 502
GjS ... ... ... 82, 120
GIV  442
GJ ... ••• ••• 466,486,493
G.JEFFREY  486
GK (conjoined) ... ... 265, 266
GK (in monogram) ... ... ... 458

G — GO PAGE
^c^- Jf  463
GL 87, 162, 374, 375, 377, 444, 467, 487
Glasgow —
Town-mark ... ... ... 475
Goldsmiths of .... ... ... 474
Their marks described ... ...475-7
Their names from 1616 to 1903 ... 484-7
Tables ot date-letters and other
marks ... ... 478-83
Date-letter adopted in 1681 ... 475
Assay Office established and marks
prescribed in i8ig ... ...476-7
QL) .
IW I ¦•• ••• •¦• ••• 346
GLN  479
G. LTD  5^1
GM 82, 85, 8g, 120, 143, 187, 269, 331, 346
446, 486, 572, 638, 639
8g, 183, 188, ig4
GM) HD J
GMc P
GN
G RH

g4, 214
• .. 486
87, gi, 170, 201, 573
89, 180

IH/ ¦•• ¦•• ¦¦• ••• 377
GO 86, 87, 150, 151, 156, 159, 166, 167, 176, 369
Goat's head (the Gateshead mark) ... 433
Goble, Robert — a celebrated Cork gold
smith of the seventeenth century ... 63g
Gold and silver —
Where found ... ... ... 3
Natural properties of ... ... 3
-Mloy, nature and proportion of ... 4, 25
Assay of ... ... ... 2g-34
Computation of weights ... ... 5
Standards for ... •••25, 26, 27, 38
Marks found on wrought gold assayed
in England ••• ... ... 75
Scotland ... ... ... 455
Ireland ... ... ... 557
New Geneva (co. Watef/ord) ... 655
Golden Fleece (town-mark of Leeds) 433, 664
Goldsmiths, a guild of, in London, first
mentioned ... ... ... i
Goldsmiths' Company of London —
Incorporation of . . . ... ... i
Statutes of the Company chronologi
cally arranged ... ... ... 7-24
Their Charters ••. ... ... 35-g
Their marks described ... ...46-71
Tables of ... ... 77-215
Names of distinguished members of
the Company ... ... ... 43-4
Chronological list of London gold
smiths from logo to 1850 216-46
Their powers and privileges . . . 3g-42
Goldsmiths, English provincial, early
mention of ... ... ...2,247
See also York, Norwich, Exeter,
Newcastle, Chester, Birmingham,
Sheffield, Hull, Lincoln, Coventry,
Shrewsburj', Sandwich, Leicester,
Carlisle, Gateshead, Leeds, King's
Lynn, Taunton, Barnstaple, Ply
mouth, Bristol, Dorchester, Sher
borne, Poole, Salisbury.
Goldsmiths in Ireland, earK mention of 2, 513

68o

Index.

GO— HA PAGE
Goldsmiths' Company of Dublin. See Dublin.
Goldsmiths, Irish provincial ... ... 624
See also Cork, Youghal, Galway,
Limerick, Kinsale, Belfast, New
Geneva, and pp. 616-23.
Goldsmiths in Scotland, early mention of 2, 447
Goldsmiths' Company of Edinburgh. See
Edinburgh.
Goldsmiths' Company of Glasgow. See
Glasgow.
Goldsmiths, Scottish provincial, of the
minor guilds ... ... 488-512
Goose in dotted circle... ... 85,135
Goutte, three (a London maker's mark) 81, in
GP ... ... ... 93, 310
G&PW  573
GR 86, 87, 89, 91, 148, 151, 155, 156, 157, 165
172, 178, 183, 201, 376, 377, 459, 491, 573
GR, a mermaid and star above ... 510
GR, (conjoined) ... ... ... 443
GR, (in monogram) ... ... ... 458
(Sc ... ... 86, 87, 153, 160
G enclosing R ... ... 86,158
Grapes, bunch of ... ... 79,103,104
Grasshopper, above the letters IM 87, 173
„ below the letters WC 79, 106
GRAY ... ... ... ... 467
GRAYS  573
GR I
EBJ  94.214
Greenock —
Town-marks ... ... ... 503
Marks used at, from c. 1750 to 1830... 503
No incoporation of goldsmiths at ... 503
GS 80, 82, 84, 85, 87, go, gi, g2, 109, 120, 125
140, 164, 173, 175, 195, 197, 205, 207, 310
446, 460, 493
'& cr ... ... 89, 91, 181, 302
G&S ... ... ... ... 487
GSB ... ... ... ... 487
GS FC ... ... ... 89, i8g
GS SS ... ... ... 89, 188
QSJ ... ... 91,92,306,208
wf]  91.205
GT ... 84,132,320,446,487,573
GU ... ... 87, 160, 166, 391, 393
Guild ot All Saints (The Goldsmiths'
Company of Dublin) List ot Masters
and Wardens from 1637-8... ... 575
GV ... ... 84, 136, i2g, 446
GW 84,87, 89,92, g3, 131, 171, 177, 208, 210, 372
^^ 373, 374. 376. 391. 487, 491, 566, 568, 572
'^7/''^  94,212
®5Bt  89,182
G enclosing W ... ... 87, i6q
G&W  "487
GWS  ^86
GW 1
WM f
GY

GZ H

87.8

166, i8s, 18

573
, 460473

79, 84, 106, 127, 418
a^ 84, 131,669, or J^^f. (linked) ... 463
H&Co  468
HA 86, 87, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 160, 161, 162
171. 374. 408, 410, 566

HA— HH PAGE
HA (conjoined) ... ••• 87,176,300
Hall-marking of Foreign Plate Act (1904) 657-9
Ha  ..• ••• 87,160
HAMILTON  • ¦• 467
HAMY. RS (in separate stamps) ... 567
Hanap (a maker's mark) ... 78, 99
Hand mark ... ... 78, 99, 100, 653
Hand grasping a branch ... 79,102
,, grasping a cross ... 79,102,104
grasping a dagger ... ... 490
„ grasping a hammer 78, 79, 80, 99, 103
104, 105, 106, 506
Hand and ragged staff ... 78, 98
Harp-crowned Sovereign's or Standard
mark of Dublin ... ... ... 535
Harp-crowned and erased, mark for
wrought gold of 22 carats at New
Geneva (co. Waterford) ... ... 655
Harp uncrowned (an unascribed Irish mark) 656
Harp, between the letters LM ... 81, no
Hart lodged, below the letters ID 80, 109
Hart trippant, above the letters IB 84, 132
Hart trippant (a Cork maker's mark) 638
HB 81, 85, 8q, 91, 112, 113, 144, 178, 183
187, 461
HB (conjoined) 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 104, 105, log
114, 117, 119, 121, 125, 637
i%\^ ... go, gi, 193, 201, 202, 205
I)S  89,179
HC 78, 79, 80, 85, 87, 89, 91, gg, 105, 106, 135
143, 165, 190, 204, 205, 375
HC and a flower ... ... ... 656
HO (linked) ... ... ... 669
Te}  92,207
HD ... 81,87,110,167,481,487
S^fQ)  89, igo
</c9/) (conjoined) ... ... ... 563
HE ... 84,85,86,131,149,446
HE (conjoined) ... 84, 85, 131, 136
He ... ... ... 87, 169
H&E  345
HE&Co. ... ... ... 407,408
Head, couped, below the letters NR 81, 112
Head erased ... ... 78,100
Head, human (an Irish mark) ... ... 656
Heart mark ... ... 77,78,97,98
„ with the letters WN ... ... 639
„ crowned (a Banff mark) .. . ... 498
„ over two clubs, in saltire... 80, 108
„ pierced by a dagger ... ... 441
Hearts, four, concentred ... 443,444
„ six „ ... ... 442
„ eight, within a ring of pellets ... 443
Helmet, or bassinet ... 79. 81, 104, 105, 112
HERMAN ... ... ... ... 313
HEW  94,214
HEYLAND  642
^„ ^  376, 568, 569
H&F ... ... ... ... 368
HG 83,84,85,87,91,133, 137,140,164,201
203, 305, 377, 463, 463, 486
85, 87, 94, 141, 175, 177, 213, 389, 408
HH (conjoined) ... ... 8g, 187
rn-c/t ... ... ... 89, 180, 185

HH

Index,

68i

HI— HU PAGE
HI ... 81,86,87,111,156,158,162
HI orlH (in monogram) 83, 84, 123, 125, 127,443
lii  86, 159
H&l ... ... ... 467,487
^e&J  468
Hibernia, figure of, Dublin duty mark,
adopted in 1730-1, but now regarded as
the town-mark pertaining to the
Dublin Goldsmith's Company 553-6
HINCHSLIFFE, M  473
HK ... ... ... 84, 133, 377
HL ... 84, 131, 323, 486, 510, 572, 573
HL (conjoined) ... 80, 108, 121, 442, 458
H&L'  486
HLS  570
HM 82, 87, 118, 164, 393, 481, 563, 573, 573
HM (conjoined) ... 81, 82, in, i30
i%t^ ... ... ... 8g, 180, 185
H&M  486
HN 84, gi, g2, g3, 126, 207, 208, 210, 572
HN linked, see NH
rK I  92,209
HO 86, 87, 147, 157, 1.58, 159, 160, 163, 172
342. 370
HO (in monogram) ... ... 86, 146, 157
So  86,150
Ho 86, 87, 157, 159, 160, 161, 163, 163
Holly leaf, incuse (see also Leaf) 79, 102
Hoodedfalcon ... ... 79,103,104
Horse ••• ••• ••• 77, 97
„ between the letters I Y ... 85,137
Horse's head couped ... 79,102,103
Horseshoe mark ... ... 77,96
Horwood (an Exeter maker's mark) ... 313
Hound (see also Talbot) ... 83, 123
HOWELL  486
HP ... 85, 87, 89, 143, 169, 186, 462
HP (conjoined) ... ... ... 669
e^f^ ... ... ... 87,168
e/J^^ (in monogram) ... 85,142
H&P  372
HP&Co. ... ... ... ... 273
HR ... 79, 84, 85, 105, 128, 139
HR (conjoined) ••• .. 79, 105, 512
HS 81, 82, 87, gi, 113, 114, 117, 169, 200
409, 445
HS (in monogram) ... ... 79,105
HSM  641
HT  85, 140, 377, 487
H T (conjoined) ... ... 82,116
HT (in monogram) ... ... ... 458
H&T  393.571
VI}  405
HU ... ... ..• 87, 161, 168
<a%w ... ... ... 86, r54
Huguenots and other Continental gold
smiths settle in Dublin ... ... 574
and in Cork ... ... ... 628
Hull— Town-mark ... ... 416, 418
Goldsmiths of ... ... ...416-7
Table ot marks used at ... ... 418
Names ot goldsmiths, from 1427 to
1774   417

HV— I PAGE
HV ... 85, 86, 89, 144, 151, 153, 177
HW 79, 80, 83, 94, loi, 102, 107, 125, 314
377, 410
HW&Co  407
HW Ld  394
HyA  375,376
<2^  ... 84, 85, 125, 144
I in dotted circle .•• ..• ••• 442
I in a crescent, or C enclosing I 81, 112
IA 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, III, 114, 115
118, 122, 129, 134, 161, 187, 195, 196, 198
446, 463, 498, 572
lAC ... ... ... go, ig5
^*f}  89.177
lA&S  373
IB 80, 81, 83, 83, 84, 85, 87, 8g, go, 93, 93, log
no, 111, 119, 120, 121, 123, 128, 132, 134
135, 139, 145, 163, 164, 166, 169, 176, 177
178, 185, 188, 194, 197, 198, 307, 311, 317
343, 373, 391, 418, 442, 479, 505, 511, 512
567, 568, 573, 638, 652
eI }  91,205
I BO ... ••• •¦• 93,307
IC 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, gi, 93, 98
99, 103, 115, 116, 125, 129, 131, 133, 136
i3g, 142, 165, 166, 167, 171, 173, 174, 180
183, i8g, 198, 204, 211, 343, 345, 418, 445
458, 461, 479, 509, 512, 561, 562, 563, 565
566, 567, 570, 573
IC (in monogram) 85, 140, 142, 458, 459, 460
J^%  89,179,343,344

IC
TH

IC
WR

.90, 91, 92, 198, 202, 2og

g2, 210

ID 80, 84, 85, 90, 91, log, 130, 140, 141, 144
193, 197, 199, 201, 341, 372, 463, 464, 480
493, 564, 565. 572. 573
ID (in monogram) ... ... 107,108,301
jgs  89,183
IDTD ... ... •¦• 90.199
IE 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, go, 91, III, 117
132, 141, 142, 150, 164, 166, 167, 169, 171
173, 175, 189, 191, 194, 205, 321, 374, 441
462, 566, 572
le  86,150,152,157,370
lE&Co ... ••• ¦•• ••• 406
'^ !¦ ... ... go, 200
WF / •'• ^ '
IF 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91
93, 94, 100, 103, 107, 115, 116, 123, 127
131, 132, 140, 144, 165, 166, 170, 173, 177
186, 199, 206, 213, 213, 389, 459, 479, 561
568, 666
gi, 206
 376

IF
IB IFW

IF and WEST  567
IG 81,82,83,84,85,87,89,111,119, 131,123
125, 137, 138, 138, 143, 143, 167, 169, 174
179, 181, 373, 442,443, 444.463, 479,492
565, 571, 573,640,645
IG (in monogram) 80, 87, 88, 108, 169, 175
I piercing G ... ••• ¦¦¦ 79, 104
IG&Co  405,406
l&GH  503

682

Index.

IG— IN PAGE
IGWV  90,198
IH 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91, g2, 103
104, 107, log, ng, 120, 121, 132, 135, 136
137, 144, 163, i6g, 172, i7g, 184, 192, 193
194, 196, 201, 207, 208, 345, 4og,443, 465
502, 503, 561, 563, 572, 573, 637, 638
640, 656
IH or HI (in monogram) 83, 84, 123, 125, 127
IH CS ... ... ... 90, 193, 195
IH }
HEf 
IH IP 

V".}

••• 345
273, 373
g2, 207

II 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 8g, 90, 116, 122, 123, 126
136, 137, 140. 141. 167, 173, 176, 178, 195
345. 421. 461. 566, 572. 638, 639
I IRISH  63g
l&IW&Co ... ... 406,407
UK ... ... ... g4, 214
IK 81, 84, 85, 87, 8g, go, gi, g4, 112, 130, 131
144, 167, 177, 200, 202, 204, 206, 213
343. 344. 345. 445. 462. 498, 509, 561
563. 566, 572
IK WEST (in separate stamps) ... 567
IKIW & Co ... ... ... 406
IK )
tg|  ••• 90,192
IL 83, 84, 85, 87, 91, 122, 124, i2g, 134, i3g
143, 161, 164, 165, 174, 200, 202, 203
265. 314. 344. 345. 346. 406, 458. 460
478, 479. 492, 564, 565. 566, 568
IL&Co. ... ... ... ... 406
1-L.B  567.568

g3, 94, 210, 313

-}
CLJ"- \
IR )

93, 211

IL IS
ILS

IL
TL

\

91, 202, 345, 346
90, ig6
 375
 376
IM 80,81,82,83,85,87, 89, 91, g3, 108,114
116, 118, 119, 131, 136, 163, 168. 172
173, 176, 184, 185, 190, 306, 207, 345
461, 462, 512, 563, 568, 573, 573, 638
IM I n
CK \  87,171
I MD (the last two letters conjoined) ... 465
IM 1 o
FB I  81,114
Implements crossed ... ... 78,98,660
IM \
WH J  91,202
IN 84, 85, 87, 126, 127, 143, 164, 176, 567, 569
572, 640
IN or NI (in monogram) ... 80, 108
INCE  512
INe ... ... ... 89, 184
Initial letters replace signs and symbols
as maker's marks in the seventeenth
century ... ... ... ... ^2
IN I c
NN J ••• •¦¦ ¦¦• ••• 642
INS See Inverness.

IN— IS

PAGE

Inverness —
Town-marks ... ... ... 504
Marks used at ... ... ... 504
Table of marks on Inverness plate 505
Earliest known work of Inverness
goldsmiths ... ... ... 504
10 84, 86, 87, 133, 157, 162, 167, 270, 313
10 (in monogram) ... ... 87, 168
lo ... ... ... ... 87, 168
IONS (an Exeter maker's mark) ... 313
IP 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, go, g2, 102, 105
114, 115, 130, 134, 137, 175, 176, 180, 187
ig3, 207, 267, 268, 269, 270, 315, 322, 435
443, 509. 561, 565. 572, 652
iS  89, 181
IP&Co. ... ... ... ••• 405
IP}
EWj

90, ig6

IP I
GP I

g3, 210

IP j"  91.207
IQ ... ... ... 8g, igo
IR 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 8g, 93, 114, 133 124, 130
134, 140, 144, 166, 168, 170, 178, 187, 198
208, 314, 341, 346, 377, 463, 568, 637, 669
Ir (in monogram) ... ... ... 314
IR&Co ... ... ... ... 406
l&R  375
i^o)  346
IR ,
& I •.. ••• ... 94, 314
RR J
Ireland — (see also Dublin, Cork).
Early mention of goldsmiths in 2, 513
Pre-historic and early-Christian gold
smiths' work ... ... ... 634
The Britannia standard never enforced
in ... ... ... ... 556
The STERLING mark used both at
Cork and Limerick ... ... 651
Names of Provincial goldsmiths
registered in Ireland from 1784 to
1827, arranged under Counties .- 621-3
Irish Provincial goldsmiths : Youghal,
645-6 ; Galway, 646-50 ; Limerick,
650-3 ; Kinsale, 653 ; Belfast,
653-4 ; Derry or Londonderry,
654 ; Kilkenny, 654 ; Waterford,
654 ; Drogheda, 655 ; Newry, 655 ;
New Geneva ... ... ... 655
Unascribed Irish provincial marks ... 656
IS 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 8g, go, 91, 92, 93, 112
115, 116, 127, 139, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136
137. 138, 140, 143, 144, 148, 164, 166, 170
171, 174, 175, 178, 181, 182, 185, 190, igg
200, 201, 302, 203, 206, 209, 211, 315, 389
390, 405, 459, 461, 463, 501, 509, 559, 560
566, 567, 569, 573, 641, 642, 645, 66g
IS or SI (in monogram) 7g, 80, 81, 84, 85, 102
108, 114, 132, 145, 442, 460
IS >
° I 
ISH 

IS 1
HWl

IS
IB

•• 394
94. 213
.. 407

91, 203

Index.

683

IS— JC PAGE
I SOLOMON  642
ISZ  86, 148
IT 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 113, 118, 122, 123
134. 176, 179. 183, 187, 203, 205, 268, 269
389, 390, 442, 446, 463, 480, 503, 559, 563
564, 572. 573. 642
IT TOLEKEN  642
l&TS ... ... ... ... 406
ITY&Co. ... ... ... 405,406
IV 81, 82, 83, 86, 115, 117, 124, 153, 158, 443
IW 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 122, 123, 124, 127, 139
137, 142, 165, 171, 172, 176, 180, 316, 346
348. 372, 373, 374. 375. 406. 445, 462. 463
,„, ,. 491. 564. 568, 569, 571. 572, 573, 641, 664
IW (in monogram) ... ... 113,459
I over W ... ... ... 82, 120
IW&Co  405
IWR  491
RG j ¦¦• ••• 91, 92. 206, 207
IWS )
WE j  92,210
IW
w lY
lY
01

'rl

J

91, 200
85, 90, 137, 200
go, igg
IZ  464
<o?^ (in a wreath) ... ... 82,117
J & Co. ... ... ... 391, 487
JA 87, 91, 93, 94, 201, 211, 214, 373, 467, 491
493. 498, 572
<a^ M ... 8g, go, 183, 197, 198, 374
Ja ... ... 86,87,150,165
Jack in the green (a maker's mark) ..-77, 97
J&AH  487
J&AK  487
J ADAIR DUMFS  486
JAF  487
 93, 2n

JC— JL

JA] IA (

JAl JAj

^ 1
5? J

94, 212, 213

89, 182

Jar (a London maker's mark) ... 77, 97
JB ' 90, 92, 197, 2og, 275, 376, 407, 463, 481
487. 512, 566
ef ^ 87, 89, 90, 168, 180, 181, 184, 186, 189
195. 317
ef=^ (in monogram) ... 83,124
e/^ (linked) or ^ ... 460,559
Jg  8g, 180
JB&Co. ... ... ••• ••• 274
JB&S  486
JBC ... ... •.. 95.215
JBCo. ... ... ... ••• 481

JB ER

JBWN

95.215

275

JB )
WW/
JC g2, 209, 373, 375, 467, .

... 274
5, 487, 572, 573

ef <^

JCE
J Crichton ...
JCS
JD ef ^

PAGE
89, 186
317, 343

93,94,212 ... 467
 487
464, 468, 481, 486, 564, 570
89, 187, 567, 571
ef ^ (conjoined) ... ... 89,190
ef© (in monogram) ... ... 45S
J5  91,201
JD&S ... ... ... 409,410
JDD ... ... ... ... 486
JDR ... ... ... ... 487
JD RM ... ... ... 91, 202
 377.410
92, 94, 208, 213, 486, 492
89, 180, 184, 316, 317, 319, 572

JD I
WD I
JE efcS"
JEAJE&Co ...
JEFFREY G
jemI GW )
JEP JEVJEW&JB ..
JFJJf JG ef ^

• . • 406
• •• 486
94. 214'

 .570
 467
g4, 214
377, 486, 487, 570
90, 192
 89, 179, 343
392. 568, 569, 572
87, go, 173, 194
(m monogram) ... ... 84, 133
Jfll ... ... 89, 180, 182, 185
JG&C ... ... ... ... 467
JH ... ... 319, 320, 321, 375, 466
J H (in monogram) ... ... ... 486
ef J'?' 89, 90, 91, 180, 184, 185, 188, igo, igg
203, 204, 463, 503
<af i^ (linked)  463
J'l)  8g, 180
JH&Co. ... ... ... 466,467,486
 467

JH&Sonl

Geo. St.
JH (
AH f
J HERON
JHGJHSJHWJJ
M JJ20JK ef<^r
JKB Q^ <s7tina
JL

 377
 487
 487
... 486
 393
467. 572
87, 8g, 90, 174, 177, 180, igi
192. 194, 567. 572, 573
 569
 568
90, 193, 377, 567, 569, 572
8g, 182, 344, 640
... 409
89, 187
91, 205, 376, 406, 479, 487

684

Index.

JL— JS

9, go, i8o, 195, 196, 197, 344, 492
565, 566, 573

344487

ef.^'ef ^ \
ef ^ J
J. LYL
JM 370, 374, 375, 376, 465, 467, 481, 482, .
567. 569, 571
co/,v(^ 89, go, 180, 183, 184, 1S5, ig3, 564
efo-i^ and ^H'^annt'a. ••• 446
<S^^'// and ScaJi^e'iin, ... ... 446
ef ^/# (in monogram) 84, 132, 315, 564
JJ-l  8g, 180, 486, 66g
JM&Co ••• ... ••• ••• 392
JM&S ... ... ••• ••• 487
JMB ... ... ... ••• 393
JMB&Co.... ... ... ••• 487
JM&EM  573
JMC ... ... ... 465,466,480
JMCA ... ... .•• ••• 487
JMCD •.. ... ... ... 487
JMCG ... ... ... ... 487
JMCI ... ... ... ... 487
JMCR ... ... ... ... 513
JMJR ... ... ... ... 487
efc/^ (J and M conjoined) ... ••• 316
JN ••• ••• ..• 466,487
ef ^K ••• ••• ••• 90, 197. 572
(^ JV (linked) ••• ••• 89, 182
JN&Co ... ... ••• ... 466
J&N  505
JO ••• ••• ••• 321.322,503
ef) ••• •.. 86, 146, 148, 573
JOHNSON E  570
JP ••• ••• 375. 486, 566, 567
ef,3^  8g, 181, 188, i8g
ef ST' (in monogram) 85, 88, 145, 163, 5og
ef SP (in monogram) or Sr 460, 461
J9  8g, 180, 461
JPC ... ... ... ... 486
ef^  89,184
JR 410, 463, 468, 482, 486, 487, 567, 570, 573
<^ M ... 89, 181, 186, 189, 191, 563
efe^ (in monogram) ... ... 486
JiV  343
JRH  95,215
JRN ... ... ... ... 569
JR&WL  486
JS go, g3, g5, 198, 209, 215, 321, 322, 323
375, 467. 479. 487. 492. 5". 565, 567
568, 569, 642
JS (in monogram) ... ... ... 459
(af<y 85, 89, 90, 141, 177, i8o, 181, 182, 184
192, 317, 640
e^ZeJ" (m monogram)... ... 85,138
J^ ... ... ... 89, 190
JS I
as)  94,213
JSB ... ••• ••• ... 572

JS— LA

ef^^
J. SSS
J. STEVENSON
JT ef^r
JT&S JU Ju (a London maker's mark)

JW

... 640
••• 393
• .. 487
375, 392. 573
87. 173, 562
•¦• 377
... 467
77. 96
93, 211, 323, 375, 377, 390, 391, 480, 481
486, 512, 565, 570
gj? "Y/ ' 89, gi, 94, 180, 182, 186, 191, 202, 206
213, 561. 563, 563. 564. 566, 637
ef 5^ (in monogram) ... 84,128,561
ja®  89,183,463
JW&Co ... ... ••. ... 324
J WALKER   491
JWD ... ... ... 95,215
J&WB  487
J&WM ... ... 465,467,482,487
K ... ... ... 85, 141
(irr  642
KA ... ... ... 87, 171, 176
KA 1 o
MU|  87, 171
K& D  463
KCB ... ... ... ... 486
KE ... ... 86, 87, 151, 156, 160
Ke ... ... ... 86, 156
KELLY DUBLIN  ... 486
Key mark ... ... 77,84,96,128,446
Key above the letters CO ... 86, 148, 151
Key „ „ „ L O ... 86, 153, 158
Key between the letters C R ... 81, 114
Key „ „ „ W C ... 81, 113
Keys crossed (an Irish mark) ... ... 656
KF  83,134
K&F  573
K&G ... ... ... ... 570
KI  86,87,153,167
Ki ... ... ... ... 342
KI.D ... ... 473; but see 666-7
KM ... ... .".. 86, 159
Kilkenny, goldsmiths formerly at 622, 654
@7{ingf ( ef j ... ... 8g, 187
King's head (see also Duty mark) ... 70
King's head crowned (Charles 3nd) in oval
panel ... ... ... ... 445
King's Lynn — town-mark ... ...433-4
marks illustrated... ... ... 434
Kinsale, a craft of goldsmiths at ... 653
KM ... ... ... 418,461,642
K&P  :.. 486
l^S  84, 126, 133, 134
L (reversed) ... ... ... 79.104
L & Co ... ... ..• 390,391,485
L &. Sons (Edinburgh) ... ... 468
LA 86, 87, 148, 159, 160, 161, 165, 167, 173
271,342,487,572
S^J>^ (linked) . . ... 86, 149, 154
.3fj^ (in monogram) ... 86,150
LAING (Glasgow) ... ... ... 486
Lamb above the letters I L ... 87, 174
„ ,, „ ,, LA 86, 87, 159, 160
Lamb and flag (a Perth town-mark), see Perth
Lamb's head, mark ... ... 77,97

Index.

685

LA  LI PAGE
Lamerie, Paul de, a celebrated eighteenth
century silversmith, his various
marks ... i5g, 167, 173, I7g
Lamp (a London maker's mark) 79, 101
LAW_(DH6im) _ ... ... 567, 568, 571
 571
81, 88, 90, III, 194
565, 566
84,85, 131, 135. 137.468
 85, 139
 390
 90, 197

LAWSON DUBLIN..
LB
L&B (Dublin)
LCLc L&C LCI
GCl LC1
sc; LD Q

LE
me

8g, 90,
89. 90;
152,

91.
178,

Leaf (see also Trefoil)... 77.

86,
78,

179.
153.
150, 151,
79. 96, 97:

203300 199154159
.99

Leaves, spray of
LEE 
Leeds, niarks illustrated
Legislation concerning
smiths (the statutes
arranged) ...
Leicester —
Town-mark (a cinquefoil)...
Early goldsmiths of
Examples of Leicester marks
names of goldsmiths
Leith, a mark possibly used at (EW)
Leopard's head —
The London mark described
Examples of, anterior to 1478

102, 427
78, 99
 573
433,664
English gold-
chronologically  7-24

and

430
428-9 430 512

..48-51 76-85.
87-95, 660
Earliest mention of (1300) •• i, 48
Use of, temporarily discontinued ... 51
Various forms of, described •¦¦49, 50
Without a crown before 1478 and
after 1821-2 •.. ... 48, 51, 56o
Leopard's head uncrowned (Shrewsbury) 425
Crowned and fleur-de-lis dimidiated,
(the early York mark) ... ... 258
Leslie, C, a celebrated Dublin goldsmith
of the eighteenth century (footnote) ...
Let 

LFN 
LG 
^^ 
LG&Co 
LH 
LH a cross between
^^  i
LH FB 
Ll 82, 85,86, 87, 89, 91, 119:

87.

564 564
... 481
301, 393
89, 187
... 487
177. 487. 573
... 446
3, go, 180, ig6
go, ig4
145, 153, 161,
188, 203
%'t ... ... ... 87,162
Lilies, three, growing in a pot (town-mark
of Dundee) ••. ••• 499-501
Limerick —
Town-marks ... ... ...650-2
Marks resemble those of Cork ... 650-2
Plate wrought at Limerick sent to
Dublin -to be assayed in the
eighteenth century ... ... 650
An old Limerick toll stamp illustrated 651
Table of marks found on Limerick
plate ... ... ... •¦¦ 653

LI — LY PAGE
Lincoln —
Town-mark (a fleur-de-lis) 419-21, 664
Appointed an Assay town in 1423 ... 419
Table of marks used at ... ... 421
See also 664.
Names ot goldsmiths ... ... 422
Links, two (a London maker's mark) 78, 97, 98
Lion passant — a London mark ... 66
first mention ot ... ... ..• 66
when introduced ••• .••66,67
dimidiated with a ship's hull (town-
mark of Sandwich) ... ... 427
Lion passant to sinister (a mark peculiar
to Newcastle) ... ... ... 336
„ passant guardant (a Bristol mark).^. 437
,, ,, rampant (a Norwichmaker's
mark) ..• •.. 298, 299
„ passant rampant (a Glasgow mark) 480
„ and castle (an early Norwich mark) 284
„ harp and castle (earliest recorded
Dublin hall marks) ... ... 517
Lion's face (c. 1640-1650) ... 293-300
., head erased, a mark for new Sterling
or Britannia standard silver 46, 68, 69
Lions passant, five, on a cross ... ... 262
„ three, dimidiated with three garbs 363
LK ... ..• 91, 202, 487, 573
LL ... ... ... 87, 170, 446
^^  8g, 181
L&L  487
LM ... ... 81,87,110,175,573
LM (in monogram) •.. ••• 81,113
LM&Co ... ••• •¦• ••• 487
L&M  487
LN •¦•  568
LO ¦¦¦ •¦• 86, 15J, 153, 158,463
^&  89,181

.2f& (in monogram)

86, 153
86, 157, 158, 316

¦g,a London —
Marks found on London-made plate
described •.. ..• 46-76
Incorporation ot Goldsmiths' Com
pany of ... ... ... I
Charters ot the Company ¦••35-39
Tables of date-letters and other marks
used by London goldsmiths 77-215, 660-1
Names ot early members of the Com
pany • •• ¦•• ••• 43
Chronological list ot London gold
smiths' names from logo to 1850 216-46
Powers and privileges of the Gold
smiths' Company ... ... 3g-42
Londonderry —
Goldsmiths formerly working at . . • 654
Low •.. ••¦ ••¦ •¦¦ 462
LP  87,175
^^  8g, 184
L&P  487
L&R ... ¦•• ••• 345.463
LS  85,136
LS (in monogram) • • . • . . ... 43g
LU  465
Su  86, I4g, 157
LV ¦¦¦ ••• 86, go, 158, igg
LV&W  3gi
Lymphad or yawl (town-mark ot Youghal) 645
I.^ynn, see King's Lynn.

686

Index,

.M — MF PAGE
M 7g, 80, 81, 83, 84, 87, 103, 104, 108, no, 123
135, 138, 133, 173, 458, 505
MA 86, 87, 146, I4g, 151, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158
167, 570
Ma ... ... ... 87,159,370
^Ita ... ... ... ... 371
M&A ... ... , ... 486
fai  342
MACFARLANE \ .oc
PARTICK j ¦¦¦ ••• ¦•• 400
Mace of the Cork guilds, described and
illustrated ... ... 629-32
MAC) ' „^
MAS f ¦¦• •¦¦ ¦•¦ •¦• 505
MA EP ... ... ... 87,165
M&GS ... ... ... ... 467
Maidenhead (a London maker's mark) 77, 97, 98
,, (a Norwich ,, ,, ) ... 397
Makers' or workers' marks —
First mention of, in England 2, 52
,, „ „ „ Scotland 448-9
,, ,, ,, ,, Ireland ... 516
Signs or symbols generally used in
early times ... ... ... 52
Signs gradually discontinued and
initial letters substituted... ... 52
Recordedat Goldsmiths' Hall, London 53
Alteration in the system of recording
in 1697 ... ... 53, 54
London makers' marks to consist of
initials of Christian and surnames
from 1739 ... ... ... 54
MARTIN W.   639
Mask affrontee (an unascribed mark) 444, 446
MATHEV (see also 662-3) ¦•¦ ••¦ 313
MB 87, 163, 188, 389, 390, 391, 565, 572, 653
MB (conjoined) ... 81, 85, in, 144, 269
M&B ... ... ... ... 642
M B. I F in separate stamps ... ... 389
M.BROS ... ... ... ... 487
MC 87, 90, 163, 170, 200, 446, 464, 465
467. 565
MC (conjoined) ... ... ... 495
Mc ... ... ... ... 465
McC&D ... ... ... ... 571
M&C ... ... ... 467,468,480
^// & %  463
M&Co. ... ... 486,571
Mc. CL ... ... ... ... 572
MC)
GA i ... ... ... 94, 212
Mc DBs ... ... ... . . 2^Q
MD ... ... ... ... 639
MD DERMOTT  639
^4iS)  8g, 180
#11  89, 186
ME ... ... 85,86,143,156
ME (conjoined) ... ... 85,141,144
Me ... ... ... 86, 157
Merchant's device (a maker's mark) 81, no
Mermaid and star of six points above the
letters GR ... ... ... 510
MF ... ... 90, 196, 480, 486, 649
^//Sf ...  89, 186, 190
MF (conjoined) ... ... ... 480

MF & Co.

405

MFG MFl
JBMJ MFl

MF — MR PAGE
... 652
 486
RC/  405
MG ... 85, 87, 144, 168, 270, 486
M&G  568
MH 85, 137, 140, 143, 375, 563, 565, 566
MH (conjoined) ... ... 81, 114, 300
M&H  ... 468,487
MH &Co. ... ... ... ... 408
McH&S ... ... ... ... 487
Ml ... ... 86, 87, 153, 159, 161, 171
Millrind (a London maker's mark) 79, 104, 105
MILNEI .0
ABDN J ••• •¦¦ ••¦ ¦•• 460
Minor guilds of English provincial gold
smiths —
Hull, 416 ; Lincoln, 4ig ; Coventry,
423 ; Shrewsbury, 425 ; Sandwich,
427; Leicester, 428 ; Carlisle, 431 ;
Gateshead, 433 ; Leeds, 433 ; ICing's
Lynn, 433 ; Taunton, 434 ; Barn
staple, 435 ; Plymouth, 436 ; Bris
tol, 437 ; Dorchester, 438 ; Sher
borne, 43g ; Poole, 440 ; Salisbury 440
Minor guilds of Scottish provincial gold
smiths —
Aberdeen, Old and New, 488-9 ;
Arbroath, 494 ; Ayr, 495 ; Banff,
4g6 ; Dundee, 4gg ; Elgin, 502 ;
Greenock, 503 ; Inverness, 504 ;
Montrose, 506 ; Perth, 507 ; St.
Andrews, 510 ; Stirling, 510 ; 'Tain,
510 ; Wick ... ... ... 511
Mitre (Bishop's) ... ... ... 659
MK . . ... 85,136,137,512,566,569
IVl K (conjoined) ... ... 4.60, to 5
McK&Co  .. 487
ML ... ... 87,174,390,645
ML (conjoined) ... ... 87,168,505
MM ... ... 85, 90, 144, igg, 487
M&M  486
MN  ^68
MO ... 86, 87, 156, 160, 162, i6g
.y^ ••¦ ••• ••• ... 316
MO (in monogram) ... ... 86,14.6
MON  '5^,
MONTJOY. T ... ... ... 642
Montpelier —
Date-letter adopted at, previous to
its introduction in England ... 58
Montrose —
Town-mark (a rose) ... ... co6
Goldsmiths of ... ... ... ^o5
Marks used at, illustrated co6
MOORE J  ... 573
MORE (an unascribed English mark) ... 441
Morgan, Mr. Octavius, F.S.A., the first to
compile tables of London date-
letters ... ... .7
MOSLEY  ;;; ^^^
Mother and child (an Elgin town-mark)... 502
^^ ¦¦¦ •¦•87. 90, gi, 176, ig4, 206
MP (conjoined) ... ... 85,137
M=Q  498
MR  87,165
^l/t^l ... ... ... go^ igj
MR (conjoined)  505,669

Index,

687

85. 140. 565. 573
 318
... 465, 466, 481
92, 210 569

MR— NI PAGE
M&R ... ... ... 464,481
MS ^/^ 
M&SMS)ESJ 
MT 
M&T  487,641
Mu ... ... ... •.. 316
Mullet (a London maker's mark) 79, loi
„ between a pair of compasses 79, 106
,, enclosed in a crescent 78, 79, 80, 82, 98
100, 102, 108, 109, 115, 116
Mullets, three over a crescent ... 7g, loi, 103
Mullet and annulet ... ... 80, 107, log
Mullet and pellet ... ... 80,107
MVW ... ... .•• ••• 486
MW 84, 85, 89, 131, 139, 188,315,486,566 652
MW (in monogram) ... ... 77,96,110
^W  563.564
M &, W (Sheffield)  410
MW&S  573
MW&Ss.  ... ... 568
MY ... ... ... 460,461
MZ  473
N ... ... ... 81,114
NA ... ... ... 87,163
NB ... ... 84, 85, 89, 127, 141
JfM (linked) ... 315,369,445,663
NB (in monogram) ... ... 78,100
NBS  377
NO ••• •¦¦ 85, 87, 134, 166, 374
ND ... ... ••• 91,300
JfS  87,169
Ne ••. ... ••• 86,157
Negro's head (a London maker's mark)... 99
NEILL ... ... ... ... 569
NEILL, S. D. ... ... ... 570
Nettlecombe i^omersef) chalice at, the
earliest known example of English
plate with a date-letter .. . ... 57
Newcastle-upon-Tyne —
Town-marks ... ... 336, 341-8
Incorporation of the Goldsmiths'
Company at, in 1536 ... ... 337
Goldsmiths of ... ... 327-35
Their marks described ... 335-40
Their names from 1536 to 1884 349-50
Tables of marks and date-letters
found on Newcastle plate 340-8
Date-letter when first adopted at ... 337
Lion passant to sinister, a mark
peculiar to ... ... ... 336
Assay office re-established in 1702 ... 329
Assay office finally closed in 1884 ... 339
New Geneva (co. Waterford), Ireland,
marks used at ... ... ... 655
Newry, goldsmiths formerly working at 655
New standard tor Silver, see Britannia standard
Newt on tun (a London maker's mark) 80, 107
NG ... 85, 87, 139, 142, 166, 492
NG, plain and reversed ... ... 441
NH ... ... ... gi, 201
N&H ... ... ... ,,. 393
NH linked ... ... ... ... 669
NI  86,87,148,166

NI— PA PAGE
N I or IN (in monogram) ... 80, 108
Nicholas, a celebrated goldsmith of Chester 352
NICOLSON ... ... 572,640,641
NL ... ... ... 85,142,374
NM ... ... 93, 212, 3gi, 3g2
NO (in monogram) ... ' ... 7g, 105
Norwich —
Town-marks ... ... 286, 291-301
Goldsmiths of, and their marks des
cribed... ... ... 380-96
Tables of marks and date letters
found on Norwich plate... 297-301
London marks sometimes found on
Norwich plate ... ... 291
Variety ot contemporaneous marks
used frora 1645 to 1680 •.. ... 395
Similarity of rose mark formerly used
at Norwich to that of Dordrecht ... 393
Probable influence of Dutch art upon
the work ot the Norwich Goldsmiths 385-6
Names ot goldsmiths of ... ... 303
Peter Peterson, a celebrated Norwich
goldsraith ... ... ••• 387
An Assay Office established at 281, 384
Date-letter when first adopted ... 386
Discontinuance of date-letter from
1585 to 1634, and frora 1643 to
1688 ••• ••• ... 387, 394
NR ... ... .¦• 81, 113, 113
NR (conjoined) ... ..• 7g, 80, 108
^^  8g,i84

NS (in monogram)

79, lOI

NS&Co ...

405, 406
NT (conjoined)
442
459. 669
NV
••• 563
NW
.'••' 83, 85,' 89
122
134, 188
NWB
... 567
OC&D
... 570
OF or FO (in monogram)
85. 139
OG
84, 129
01
90, 199
OJ
go, ig8
' Old English Plate " (Mr.'Wilfired Cripps's)
inaccuracies in, 4g, 56, 62, 64, 65, 65, 261
263, 365-7. 454-5. 538, 550
Old Sterling Silver, standard restored in
England in 1720 ... 28, 68
But see also 670, lines 4-5.
Olive branch, bird holding ... ... no
OM ... ... ... 83, 122
O enclosing R ... ... 85, 143
Orange (a Sherborne mark) ... ... 43g
Orb and cross 77, 78, 79, 81, 97, 98, 100, 104
in, 297, 298, 446
„ „ „ between the letters I C 78, 98, gg
Orb and Star ... ... 82, ng, 120
OS ... 84, 85, 130, 135, 138, 140
OSBORN  313.314
m ... ... ... 86, 148
O enclosing V ... ... 87,168
Owl holding mouse ... ... 82, ng, 120
OY  86,150
P  85,87,88,138,143,170
SI' or J^^  460
P&Co. ... ... ... 486,487
PA 86, 87, 147, 155, 158, 161, 170, 481
S^'^  8q. 18^
Pa
86, 87, 151, 161
688

Index.

P.\— PL PAGE
J3a  86, 159
PA JR  482
PA PM ... ... ... 89, 190
PARR (an unascribed English mark found
in conjunction with a peacock) ... 442
PB 82, 84, 87, 89, ng, 125, 176, 178, 459, 666
S^33  89, 179, 188
^ L^ (in monogram)
PB )
AB

}

85. 136
91, 206
g2, 208
gi, 205

7g, 87, 8g, loi, i£

92, 208, 209
170, 182, 473, 653
89. 90, 179. 191
 465
4, 127, 130, 569

PB
AB
WB PB (
IB ]
PB I
WB J
PC
PC&SPD PE 86, 87, 148, 152, 156, 157, 160, 161, 169,
170. 317
iPS ... ... ... 86,153
PE (in monogram) ... ... ... 369
&e  370
Jpi;  ... 86,87, 152. 167
Peacock (an unascribed English mark
found in conjunction with the word
PARR)  443
Pegasus mark •.. ... 82, 118, 39g
Pelican ... ... ... 105, 2g9
Pellets in circle (a Sherborne mark) ... 439
Perth— Town-marks ... ... ... 508
Table of marks on Perth plate . . . 509
Names ot goldsraiths ... ... 507
Peterson, Peter, a celebrated Norwich
goldsmith ... ... 287, 389
PF ••• ..• .•• 90,199,573
PG 83, 87j 89, 91, ng, 166, 188, i8g, 190, 303,
461, 486, 510, 567, 573, 642
PG (in monogram) ... ... 80,106
.^¦'^  89,183,186
PH ... 85, 87, 136, 144, 162, i6g
PH (in monogram) ••. ... 82, 117
Pheon (a London maker's mark) 78, 99
Phcebus, see also " Sun in splendour " 397, 659
Phcenix mark ... ... 81, 115, 656
PI .•• ••• 86,87,155,166,446
PIG •.. ... ... go, igi
Pig below the letters WC ... 79,101
Pillar, between the letters GS ... 83, 120
,, ,. „ ,. IS ... 85, 140
PK ... ... ... 85, 138, 563
PL 86, 87, 89, 149, 152, i5g, 173, 316, 376
^^  89,179
SP^L (in monogram) ... 85, 136
Plant growing ... ... ... 113
Plume of three feathers 361, 363, 369, 557, 568
Plume of two feathers, a mark u.sed at
New Geneva (co. Waterford) tor
20 carat gold ... ... ... 655
Plymouth —
Marks used at ... ... ... 436
Goldsmiths probably working at ... 436

92, 310

PM— RB PAGE
PM 85, 136, 139, 268, 269, 464, 487, 567, 568 572
PM (conjoined) •¦• ••• 460,461
PM (in monogram) ••• •¦• 84,128
PN  ••• 90, 198
PN (conjoined) ••• •¦¦ •••459
PN or NP (in monogram) •.. .•• 443
PO ... ... ••• 86, 149, 159
Poole — town -mark ••• ••• 440, 665
Portcullis (town-mark ot Arbroath) 494-5
Pound, troy and avoirdupois ... ... 5.6
PP 84, 87, 8g, 138, 162, 173, 178, 188, 267
36g, 663
&& ... ... ••• 89, 183
PR 85, 86, 87, gi, g3, 138, 150. i55. 163. 164
165, 166, 201, 210, 301, 463
SPM  8g, 180
Provincial Assay Towns. See list of Minor
Guilds of Provincial Goldsmiths— English,
Scottish, and Irish.
PS 87, g2, g3, i6g, 207, 211, 212, 465, 4g8, 572
PS I
BRITANNIA/ ^s  3J7
P&S  345
PT .•• 87,89,169,191,461,571
PV •¦¦ ¦¦• •¦¦ 90. 195
PV (in monogram) ••. ¦•• •¦• 559
PW ... 89, 95, 188, 215, 568, 573
Pwf.  ... 80, 108
IN ;
PY •¦• ••• •¦¦ 86,154
^j)  •¦• 86,147
Pye, T ... ¦•• ••• 89, 180
Quatrefoil, or four petalled rose 434, 432
~ ,, formed of tour hearts ... 443
„ formed ot tour hearts, each
charged with three pellets,
a pellet in centre . . • 444
Quatrefoil, charged with five pellets ••• 441
Quatrefoils, three, in separate punches •.. 315
Queen's head (a London maker's mark) 78, 100
~ „ „ duty mark ... ... 70
QUICK (mark found with a bird) ... 441
R (the Rochester to-wn-mark) ... ...665-6
M  85,137
R (reversed) and RB conjoined in dotted
circle, 441 ; but see ... ... 665
RA 83, 84, 86, 87, 8g, 120, 126, 154, 176, 185
376,445,487,505, 572
S^S/  8g, 183
Ra ... ... ... 86, 150, 342
gia ... ... 86, 152, 155, 157
R&A ... ... ... ... 465
R&AA ... ... ... ... 486
RADCLIFF (an Exeter maker's mark) ... 314.
RA GH  87,174
sey" [ (an Exeter maker's mark) ... 322
Rat, or mouse, sejant ... ... 503
RB 7g, 80,81,82,87, 8g, loi, 109, 113, 114, 117
118, 120, 166, 168, 173, 175, 177, 178, 192
265. 373. 375. 389, 460, 464, 487, 512
'^i ty^i ... ... ... 89, I7g, 182

Index.

689

RB— RI

.Ji .^ (in monogram)

¦¦ 478
87, 168
.. 410
¦• 389
.. 487

R&BRB CF (in separate stamps) ...
RBFRBG 
RC 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 8g, gi, 92, 93, no, 114
115, 116, 118, ng, 120, X2I, 122, 136, 171
188, 202, 207, 311, 421, 463, 48g, 563
565, 567, 573
RC (in monogram) ... ... 85,141
^'^  8g, igi
RC) DS [¦ ... ... ... 91, 30I

93, 209
••¦ 273

RS- RC)
GS) RCl
JB S
R Cox •.. ... ... 89, 191
RD 82, 84, n6, 125, 128, 139, 130, 133, 481,487
509. 570. 573
RD (conjoined) ... ... ... 458
RD (in monogram) 79, 85, 100, 103, 103, 143
R&D ... ... ... ... 346
Vb }  84, 126
RE 85, 86, 87, 105, 141, 153-, 168, 316, 573
lit  86, 155, 157
RE or ER (in monogram) ... 79,103
REA  391
RE )
EB ) ¦•¦ ¦¦¦ ••• 92. 3IO
REILY  641
RESL ... ... ... 86,151
RF 80, 83, 84, 87, 108, 123, 124, 126, 172
319, 320
RF (conjoined) ... ... 85,144
R&F ... ... ... ... 487
RG 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 91, g2, g3, 116, 120
131, 143, 145, 163, 170, 173, i8g, 206, 308
310, 211, 265, 266, 374, 45g, 465, 480, 501
509, 568, 637, 638, 643
S^'S ... 89, 94, 180, i8g, 313, 463, 463
R&G  ... 487
RGH .•• ... ... 94,213
RGL ... ... ... ... 487
RG & S ... ... ... 465,481,483
RG TC ... ... ... 87,176,187
m'^ Sr^  89,181
RH 82, 84, 85, 87, 89, gi, g3, g4, 119, 130, 130
135. 136, 139. 171. 189, 303, 305, 311, 212
213, 214, 367, 368, 444, 445, 487, 501, 564
571, 572, 669
MS^f  89,178,563
RH (in monogram) ... 79, 106, 313, 444
RH (conjoined) ... ... .•• 313
RH )
DH j

92, 207

RH )
DH >
SH J
RH \
RH j
RH \
SH j

92, 208

... 406
92,208
RI 79. 82, 85, 86, 87, go, gi, 117, 137, i3g, 153
155. 160, ig3, 200, 203, 373, 460, 461, 505, 64g

RI— RR

RI RID
Ril is|

 370
... 316
 ¦¦¦ 572
91, 201
RK 79, 82, 83, 85, 8g, 103, 116, 133, 135, 138
185, 26g, 461, 486, 5og, 571
RKM  487
RL 84, 85, 87, 131, 137, 139, 141, 169, 375
479, 487. 572
S^Z  89,180
RL (conjoined) ... ••• ... 430
RLC ... ... ... ... 467
RLR ... ... ... ... 487
RM 79, 82, 84, 85, 87, 89, 91, loi, 117, 120, 127
143, 173, 175, 191, 206, 343, 344,405,406,639
RM (conjoined) ... ... 80, 108
R M (in monogram) ... ... 84,133
»Jl  343
RM & Co. ... ... ... ... 405
RMC ... ... ... ... 467
R Mc I ... ... ... ... 487
EH } ¦¦¦ ¦¦¦ 94,314,408,409
^^j  91.201
?m1  91,206
RN 81, 83, 84, 85, 114, 134, 136, 130, 134, 466
501, 505, 561, 667
RO 86, 87, 146, 148, 150, 155, 156, 158, 160
163, 164, 314, 370, 377, 439
Ro •.. ••. 86,87,148,159,167
3Jxr ... ... ... 86, 154
Rochester — town -mark of ... ...665-6
R°s  573,652
Rose (a London maker's mark) 79, 85, loi, 134
town-mark ot Carlisle .... ... 432
„ „ Montrose... ... 506
four petalled seeded ... 80, 106
four petalled, in circular stamp... 432
slipped, or rose sprig ... 294-5, 300
Tudor... ... ... 80, 107
double seeded ... 442,491
Rose and crown (a London maker's mark) 78, 99
Rose crowned (a Norwich mark) 291, 2g7, 2g8
Rose crowned, similarity of, to the
Dordrecht mark ... ... 2g3
Rose crowned and fleur-de-lis both
dimidiated (York town-mark) ... 261
S/iovve, S/'^^i" M'iUa.-^x  436
Mocu^jVl^^S^e-SP^-^"  436
RP 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, go, gi, g3, 106, log, 115
121, 129, 130, 137, 176, 190, 300, 311, 345
346, 371, 444, 639
SUSP  89,190
W$ ¦¦¦ ... ... 89, 180, 184
GB }  94.213
}  345
RR 83, 90, 93, 131, 193, 194, 197, 200, 2og, 371
372, 373, 418, 444. 487. 512
MM ...  go, 200
RR (conjoined) ... ... .. 371

44

RPRS

690

Index,

R — SD PAGE
R & RK ... ... ... 466,509
RRK ... ... ... •.. 487
RS 80, 81, 83, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 91, 107, 112
114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 138
i2g, 130, 135, i3g, 167, 173, 183, 205, 318
319. 341. 346, 376, 405, 445, 482, 486. 566
567, 568, 569. 571, 637, 641, 652, 669
S^5^  94,212,214
R&S ••• ¦•• ••• 492,512
ws}  486
RT 85, 89, 90, 142, 182, 194, 486, 565, 572
R. TIMBRELL  85, 141
RU ... ... ... 86, 149
RV 79, 83, 86, 104, 122, 151, 156, 571
RW 80,81,82, 83, 85, 87, 107, 108, in, 115
119, 120, 121, 125, 145, 164, 170, 267, 268
269, 369, 443, 443, 510, 565, 566, 669
R&W  467,571
I, 83, 115, 116, 120, 134, 443
 486
 487
 573
569

" i
W f
RcSoWSRWFRWSRYAN & CO

RZ  89,178
S^%  8g, 180
S ... ... 85,132,144,315,421,441 446, 562
S (fringed) ... ... ... 78, 98, 99, 100
Son a cross... ... ... 80, io5
S on an anchor ... ... ... 473
S with crescent or letter c above ... 571
SA 85, 87, 90, 91, 92, 151, i5i, 192, 203
210, 498
SA or AS (in monogram) 83, 84, 123, 125
<SJ^  316
%\-:  370,563
Salisbury —
One of the Assay Towns named in
the Act of 1423 ... ... 440
Mention of a goldsmith at ... 440
Saltire, or St. Andrew's Cross (town-mark
of St. Andrews) ... ... .. 510
Sandwich, marks used at ... ... 427
SAWI  go, ig3
SB 80, 87, 8g, 106, 170, 177, igo, 316, 317
344, 512, 567. 568, 573. 640
SB 1 o
GG (• •¦¦ - ••• ¦•• 487
SB )
,B I ••• ••• ¦•• 92, 209
SC 84, 87, 89, 90, 93, 131, 133, 142, 168, 185
193, 311, 367, 268, 464, 640
Sc •.. ... ... 85, 148, 149
^  98
Scarcity of English plate of the
years 1643-5 ... ... ... 64
Scarcity of early Irish plate ... ... 517
Sceptre (a London maker's mark) .•.78, 98
Pc°}  90,197
Scorpion (a London maker's mark) 78, g7
Scottish goldsmiths and their marks ••• 447
SCOTT B ... ... ... ... 481
SCOTT R ... ... ... ... 486
SCY&Co. ... ... ... 406,407
SD ... 85, go, 91, 140, 143, 194, 305

91, 204

SE— SO PAGE
SE ... ... 85, 90, 136, 139, 193
SE or ES (in monogram) ... 79. 106
.Si  87, 159
SEYMOUR  ••¦ 642
SG ... ... ... 91, 203, 642
S&G  568
SG \
EwJ
SG )
EW j- ... ... ... 93, 207
SGW  92,208
SH 85, 86, 87, 89, go, gi, g2, 133, 137, 144, 147
155, 156, 160, 163, 168, 171, 172, 174, 175
176, 181, ig6, ig8, 206, 210, 407, 445
y^f  8g, 180, 186
§W)  89, 180
SH (linked) ... ... ... 85, 136, 144
Sh ... ... ... ... 342
Shamrock mark ... ... 649,659
SHEEHAN... ... ... ... 641
SH HB ... ... 8g, go, 187, 193, 196
Sheaf of arrows (a London maker's mark) 99
Sheep (a London maker's mark) 77, 97
Shefiield— Town-raark (a crown) ... 401, 405-10
Appointed an Assay town in 1773 ... 400
Silversmiths of ... ... ...400-1
Their marks described ... ...401-4
Their names from 1773 to 1890 ... 411-5
Tables of date letters and other
marks used at, for silver wares 405-10
For gold wares ... ... ... 410
Sherborne —
Marks used at ... ... 439-40
Ship in full sail ... ... 503,633,637
Ship between two towers or castles 633, 637
Ship issuing from behind a castle ...437-8
Ship's hull and lion passant, both dimidiated
and conjoined ... ... ... 427
Shrewsbury —
Examples of marks used at ... 425
Names of goldsmiths ... ... 426
SI 85, 86, 87, 89, 142, 149, 150, 168, 178, 345
SI or IS (in monogram) 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 102
108,114,132,145
Signs and symbols used in early times as
makers' marks gradually replaced
by initial letters ... ... 52
single:ton ... ... ... 573
G^Oi^ ... ... ... 89,185
,SJ ... ... ... 89, 180
SK ... ... 79,101,443,486
S'Jl''  89,185
SL 86, 87, 154, 158, 159, 164, 165. 171, 316
SL (in monogram) ... ... 85, 144
y.S'  8g, igo
SL"B ... ... ... ... 55g
SL IG  87, 174
SLY  57^
SM 86, 87, 8g, 91, 147, 154, 156, 160, 162, 173
185, 204, 446, 561, 640
Sm ... ... ... 86, 152
S&McL ... ... ... ... 486
SN ... 84,86,129,152,567,568
Snail (a Londoii maker's mark) 79, 106
SO ... 81,87,110,113,114,167
SOBEY (an Exeter maker's mark) ... 322

Index

691

SO— SV
SOLOMON I.
Sovereign's head, duty mark
,. ,, in intaglio

PAGE 642 70

SP

87. 89,

duty mark in Ireland
from 1807 to 1890 ... 556
92, 161, 165, 172, 174, 207, 389

<Si 
Sp 
^v 
Spray of leaves
Spur (a London maker's mark)
SQ  [
Squirrel (a London maker's mark)
^R 79, 84, 85, 89, loi, 131 57-
SR (conjoined)
S&R
SR GO & Co
SS

390, 637, 652
89, 180
86, 153, 154
86, 153
78, gg
79. 102
87, 164, 377
81, no
134.
640,

377
405

183
641
435487406

84. 89, 95, 128, 131, 190, igi, 215, 445

S&S
St. Andrews — town-mark (a cross saltire)
St. Giles, patron-.saint of Elgin

ST

85, 86, 87, 143, 148, i5o, 162, 47g, 57

m- 
ST or TS (in monogram)
cSt ;:: ::;
ST \
&T I

79.
82,

86, 155
78, 100
... 472
... 25-8
loi, 103
79. loi
119, 120

390510
502573
 345
89, 90, 188, 192
¦ 85, no, 135, 141
86, 156, 158, 161
86, 157
h&'t I ¦•• ••• ••• ••• 406
Stag lodged (a Canongate mark) ... 472
Stag trippant (a Cork maker's mark) ' "
Stag above the letters RO
Stag's head (a London maker's mark)
,. „ (a Canongate mark)
See also Hart
Standards for gold and silver wares
Star, radiant
Star, enclosed by crescent
Star, over an orb
See also estoile, mullet
STARLING, see STERLING.
t/&-ifo'»Mf, & J^^yfc in separate punch 446
Staves or clubs in saltire ... 81,113
.. „ a heart above ... 80,108
„ „ between the letters BT 81,112
STERLING and TM  446
Sterling silver ... ... ... 25
STERLING (sometimes STARLING, STEn.,
^TER- rE?NG. L™ STERLIN.
STERo. .sTERLo. STIRLING.) a standard
mark used at Chester, Cork, Limerick,
and other places 362, 369, 633-4, 638-42
651-2, 663, 669
Stirling (Scot/aKrf), marks used at ... 510
STIRLING, a variety of the Cork
"Sterling" mark ... 639,641,642
Storks, three (a London maker's mark) 85, 142
if J  85, 155
11/  86,157
°^ ¦¦¦ ¦¦¦ ... ... 571
Sun (a London maker's mark) ... 78,98
Sun in splendour, 79, 80, loi, 105, 106, 109, 297
Sunflower ... ... ... 44 r
SV 83, 84, 86, 121, 12|, 126, 128, 131, 149

SW (in monogram)
S over W
SW WALSH
S&W
Swan below the letters GF

SV— TD PAGE
SV (conjoined) ... ... 83, 123
S over V, with TG separately stamped ... 444
SW 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 141, 162, 163, 173, 177
178, 191, 193, 203, 209, 316, 377, 564, 565
566, 640
,9'W  89,90,183,185,198 • •• 90, 193, 199
77,96
, 85, 117, 141, 144
... 640
 573
... 445
Sword (a London maker's mark) 78, 98
„ in pale, between the letters CS 83, 124
„ erect, between three garbs 361, 369
„ and riband ... ... 363,369
sws ...  95.215.393
<Sjl ••• ••• 86, 150, 151, 316, 317
T 80, 81, 107, log, no, 113, 424, 444, 458, 461
sr  84,125
T incuse, charged with three pellets ... 98
T and a tun or barrel (for Taunton) 434-5
T&Co ... ... ... ... 487
TA 81, 84, 85, 85, 87, 113, 125, 128, 129, 134
135. 138, 140. 141. 143, 144. 158. 163, 169
373. 572. 573
TA (m monogram) ... ... 81,112
cT^ ... ... ... go, ig7
^^ (in monogram) ... 85, 136
Ta   370
S/Si'^ (in monogram) ... 84, 126
TAIN — town-mark (the name ot the town) 510
TAIT  463
Talbot (see also Hound) ... 7g, 103
Taunton — town-mark ... ... 435
TB 83, 83, 85, 87, 8g, 117, 138, 145, 170, 188
191, 317, 318, 332, 433, 505. 561
^„ , . . 570, 573, 653
TB (conjoined) ... ... 83, 83, 84, 116
TB (in monogram) 79, 81, 83, 103, 113, n6, 315
ST^  89, 180
^^ (in monogram) 83, 85, 118, 124, 126
134, 561, 562, 563
Tb (in monogram) ... ... 83, 131
tb ... ... 7g, 80, 105, io5, 107
TB (
AHj  91,202
TBE (in monogram) ... ... 84, I3g
TB.OI ... ... ,.. 90, ig6
TC 81, 84, 85, 87, 8g, 90, gi, 113, 113, 114, 133
135, i6g, 171, 185, igo, 193, 198, 303, 318
376, 377, 478, 487, 572
TC or CT (in monogram) 83, 84, 124, I2g
459, 460
ST'^ (in monogram) 85, 87, 138, 174
TOG  ... ... 486
T COLGAN  513
TCS ... ... ... 93, 311
TC WC ... ... ... go, ig5, ig6
TC t a.
wc J  90, 196
TD 84, go, gi, 93, 126, 132, ig3, 199, 304, 311
435, 464, 503, 640
S/ SI) ... ... ... go, ig4, 196

45

69:

Index.

TD-

-TL

PAGE

S/QS (in monogram)

85, 138

T&D

... 487
TDB
TDT 
... 55g
... 56g
TD )
IW J
gi, 202
TD 1
WW /
go, igi
TE 82, 85, 87, 90, 91,
117, ng.
136,
137, 161
174.
199.
206, 573
^s 
89
.90,
180, ig6
TE (conjoined)
82,
115. 134
TE (in monogram)
- 458
TEH (TE conjoined) ...
84, i3g
TEo (in monogram) ...
79. 104
TF 80, 81, 84, 87, 108,
log, 114,
133.
164, 167
486, 487,
509,
568, 572
srg^ 
89, 182
IMJ
TG 83, 84, 85, 89, gi, 122, 124, 126,
178, 206,
^^  89,
TG (in monogram)
TG with S over V
TG
TGl IG \
IC J
TH 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, gi, 92, 108, 113,
130, 146, 149, 305, 20g, 267, 268,
341. 373, 393, 418,
srs'f 
TH (conjoined)
TH (in monogram) 7g, 81, 85, 104,
Th (in monogram)
T&H ••• 
TH )
GH f
TH IC
I ... ... 90,92,
Thistle 453, 463-8, 500, 502, 504,
TH I 
RM/
Tl 81, 84, 85, 89, 90, 92, 93, 113, 138,
178, 197.
Ti ...  86,
sn 
TIMBRELL R
¦^' I
NC J
TJ ... ... 92, 2og, 468,
sn/  89,
TJB 
^JIS 
TK 84, 85, 127, 129, 143, 460, 461,
TK (conjoined)
TK)
JF) 
TL 84, 85, 87, 8g, go, 104, 128, 133,
172, 182, 200,
TL (in monogram) ...
dl| 
TLL 
90, 195
131, 140
345, 639
180, 182104
... 444
g2, 309
132, 129
300, 301
443, 572
90, 197
S3, 121
115. 134
81, 114
... 480
93, 211
196, 208
510, 512
90. 195
133, 138
210, 506
148. 153
86, 150
86, 158
85, 141
... 407
565, 566
184, 187
... 641
. . . 406
565. 573
••• 458
¦•• 573
135. 141
405. 501
78, 100
. . . 406
... 487
T.M— TR PAGE
TM 84, 87, 8g, 91, 125, 129, 164, 167, 169, 174
177, 181, 204, 269, 371, 373, 486, 568, 569, 572
89,181,187,343
83, 84, 85, 87, 122, 125
128, 135, 139, 313. 442
... 642
80, 91, 109, 205, 375, 572
80, 109
I 206
TM (in monogram)
T MONTJOY
TNTN (in monogram)
TNIGBj TO ... ... ... 91
To TOLEKEN...
TOLLAND...
Touch, mode of ascertaining quality of
gold and silver by
Touche.s appointed to various provincial
towns
Touchstone, use of ... ... 29
" Touchstone for gold and silver wares,"
an early treatise on hall marks ...
Tower, Towers, or Castle mark 286, 299, 300
308, 336, 340, 438, 443, 444, 453, 510, 637
639, 650
TP 81, 83, 84, 87, 90, 91, 113, 121, 126, 175, 197
204, 343, 373, 391, 563, 573
tV^t/ ... ... 89, 90, i85, 194
TP (conjoined)
T & P
TPBTP&S  377.
f ... ... ... gi, 302
j ... ... gi, g3, 305, 3og
91.
205, 573
86, 146
... 316
. . . 642
641
31 II
,31 52
TPAH
TP ER
443391377 393 206
TP RP
91, 202
T Pye (first 2 letters conjoined) 89, 180
TR 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 93, 127, 134, 156, 165, 178
190, 209, 3IO, 316, 377, 487, 567, 573
:JM 
STS/i (in monogram)
TR (conjoined)
89, 180
84. 131
424, 664
TR (in monogram over the letter W)
sr, 
TR&S 
Tree mark ...
Tree, fish and bell (town-mark of Glasgow) 475
Trefoil mark 79, 81, 82, 105,115,116,297 443, 651-2
Trefoils, three ... 80, 81, 107, no
See also Leaf.
Tregoney (Cornwall), town-mark ot
Trellis mark
Triangle, equilateral ...
Triangle, intersected ...
Triple -towered castle —
An Exeter mark ... ... 308,
An Edinburgh mark
A Stirling mark ...
Troy Weight —
Introduced into England from Troyes
Supersedes the computation of plate
by the mediaeval or " Tower" pound
Comparison of with Avoirdupois ...
81, III
86, 149
391. 486
83, 117
. 662-3
77.97
• 659
81, III
316-24
458-68
•• 510
Index.

69:

TR— 'W PAGE
Truro, a mark erroneously ascribed to,
but pertaining to Coventry ... 424
TS 80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 89, go, gi, g2, 108, wo
128, 141, 163, 188, 199, 202, 204, 205
208, 265, 317, 3gi, 443, 486, 501
502, 505, 563, 572
sr,5r
TS (conjoined)
TS (in monogram)

 316
... 45g
5, no, 135, 141, 3gg
300,431,433,445

85, 141
... 486
85, 141
573

179
390

rw 1
JH /

go, ig4
••¦ 393
g3, 20g

TS&S
TS HE (in monogram)
T. SMITH & SON, GLASGOW
TS 01
TSW
83, 84, 87, 8g, 90, 133, 135, 173, i^,^
^^ 198, igg, 573
T&T
Tu ... ... 87, 157, 165, 371
^« ... ... ... 86, 155
Tun or barrel and the letter T, see Taunton
TV ... 83,85,86,117,140,157,444
TW 78, 86, 8g, 90, 91, 93, gg, 156, 177, ig6, 201
204, 205, 265, 346, 347, 348, 375, 376
389, 390, 563, 564, 572, 652, 669
Srj/" ... ... 89, g2, 178, 183, 2og
TW (in monogram) ... ... 81,110,112
ToverW ... ... ... ... 268
TW (conjoined) ... ... ... 267
TW&Co ... ... ... ... 406
T&W ... 89, 189, 486, 567, 56g, 642
TWO ... ... ... ... ^86
TWCW
TWD
TW J TWM ...  642
TWWW  89,184
TWY+  568
TY  460
U&H  391
Unascribed English marks ... ...441-6
,, Scottish , ... ... 511-2
,, Irish ,, ... ... 656
Uncrowned harp ... ... ... 656
„ leopard's head (see leopard's
head)
Unicorn's head, gorged, a mark used at
New Geneva (co. Waterford) for gold
warcs of 18 carats ... ... 655
V  431
VB ? (in monogram) ... ... ... 314
VC (a mark found in Wiltshire) ... 444
VC (in monogram) ... ... ... 45S
VI ...  86,158
VL&Co  486
VN ... ... ... 86, 150, 151
VR  391
V&R ... ...  375
VS ... ... 79, 86, 105, 153
VS (in monogram) ... ... ... 491
VS (linked) ... ... ... 498
W 78, 79, 80, 81, 100, lOI, 103, 108, 113, 341
431, 443, 444, 564, 656
W in a crescent 80,81, 107, 108, 109, in, 113
113
W&Co. ... ... ... ... 568

WA

W.'i.— WE PAGE
86, 87, 8g, 90, 91, 93, 150, 151, 153, 155
170, 189, 195, 203, 205, 211, 377, 461, 462
,,,, , . . , 464. 486, 487, 563, 569, 571
WA (conjoined) ... ... 86, 151, 152
WA (in monogram) ... ... 84,133
'f/"M  562
Wa ... ... 85, 149, 150, 156
WA&Co. ••• ... ... .. 407
WA&S  482
Wallet hook mark ... ... 79.103
„ „ palewise on a cross bendwise 79
lOI
WALSH  640
WALSH. SW  63g
WAP (linked)  444
Waterford, goldsmiths working at ... 654
WATERHOUSE .•• ... 55g
WB 85, 87, 89, go, gi, g2, g4, 140, 141, 142
173, 184, 186, igo, 192, 197, 202, 203, 207
210, 213, 26g, 270, 482, 487, 498, 565, 572
637, 639
// ^ 8g, 92, 93, i8g, igi, 208, 210, 344
562, 566
WB (conjoined) ... ... ... 269
WB&Co ...  407
94, 212
 343
... 409

WB DB

WB IB

WB JA

}
7rSB
WB JP
WB I
RS J
WB I
WS

•¦¦ 344
89, igi
92, 308
94, 213

WC 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 8g, go, 93, 94, 95, loi
106, 113, 115, 116, 118, 120, 121, 122, 124
125, 126, 133, 139, 184, igo, igi, 192,193
195, 210, 212, 215, 376, 467, 473, 478,479
486, 487, 501, 503, 559, 565, 567, 570, 573
W^ ... ...444,446,563,637,638
71 "^ (?) (in monogram) ... ... 442
affiCE ... ••• ¦¦• 90.192
WC&S  468
WCM  487
"%%]  464
WD 87, 90, 95, 168, 170, 172, 174, 193, 194,315
344, 377. 405. 463, 561, 567, 572
WD (conjoined) •.• ... 3gg,43i
'^/rSr ... ... 343,463,453,563
W&D ... ... ... ••• 487
WE 85, 85, 87, go, gi, g4, 142, 146, 156, 171, igg
301, 304, 2o5, 313
We ... ... 86,87,158, 160
WE FD JT, in separate stamps ... 324
gi, 201

WEGP

Weights used bv media?val goldsmiths
WEIR ..." 
W&ET 
WE )
WFj"

... 486
... 3gi
92, 207

694

Index.

WE— WL

WE WFwc

WF 85, go, gi, 92, 137, 198, 199, 202,
.391. 467.

WF (conjoined)
WS^ ...

85.
90. 91,

WF )
AF j
WF )
DP J
WFG WF I
IF J
WF \
PS (

92, 209
206, 209
502, 573
136. 139
ig7, 206
90, 195
... 410
91. 205
572, 652
gi, 206
gi, 206
175. 177
572.573 ... 442
197, 301
181, 185
gi, 202
8g, 184

WG 84, 85, 87, 8g, gi, 129, 131, 143,
179, 202, 444, 445, 461, 462, 486,
WG (in monogram) ...
Jf^^ 89, go, gi, 183, i85, igi,
aa®  8g,
WGEF 
WGPC 
WGT ...  ' 486
WH 7g, 80, 83, 84, 85, 8g, 91, 92, 103, 106
109, 123, 127, 138, 143, 144, 179, 180, 183
201, 207, 373, 446, 566, 567, 573, 656
WH (conjoined) ... ... 84, 130
WS^  89, 185, 189, 565, 573
Wh (conjoined) ... ... 87, 161
90. 193
Wheatsheaf, see Garb.
W&H 
WHELPLEYWHELPLY WH I
ND j
WH&SS 
WHT 
WH WC 
WI 81, 85, 85, 87, no. III,
150, 152. 156, 157. 160,
271, 316,
Wick, marks used at ...
WID
W&IP 
Windmill (a London maker's
Wineskin ( „
WI.VL
WJ  .374,486,487,
7rj 

135, 146,
165, 170,
44+, 460,

1 mark)

)

WJB WJG
WJMCD ...
W&JMWK 87, 89, go, 92
WK (conjoined)
7rs^ ...

176, 187, 195, 309,
 85:

W&K 
WKR
WL 85, 87, 139, 165, 175, 480, 503,
561, 566,
WL (conjoined) ... 81,114,
W&L 
WLB

... 410
. . . 643
. . . 642
gi, 201
95, 215
503, 573
gi, 201
147, 148
171. 174
461, 510
... 511
go, 194
... 569
80, 106
81, no
90. 195
493. 572
... 566
89, 180
••• 215
¦¦• 571
• •• 467
• •• 468
468, 501
138, 144
•¦• 572
89. 179
... 3go
94. 213
503, 506
569. 573
459. 460
•¦• 570
90, igg

WM— WT PAGE
WM 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, go, 94, 120, 121, 123
124, 126, 127, 128, i3g, 140, 164, 175, 193
214, 269, 467, 487, 509, 561, 568, 539
WM (conjoined) ... ... 79,105,491
Wover M ... ... ... 82, 118, ng
T/c^'/Z (in monogram) ... 89,187
WM &Co ... ... ... .•• 487
W. MARTIN ••• ••• ... 639
WN 84, 85, 137, 134, 140, 377, 467, 479, 487
567, 573, 639
7/SV  639
WO ... ... 87, 166, 167, 316
WP 85, 87, go, gi, g3, 141, 162, 173, ig4, ig8
199, 201, 204, 207, 319, 321, 374, 390, 391
481, 486, 567, 569, 572
WP (conjoined) ... 89,185,343,446
7rs/''' 
w&p
WPC 
W&PC 
WP7 jp; 
WP RP
wpI RPJ"

••• 344
••• 487
... 464
;.. 464
90, 91, 197, 205
go, ig3
90, ig5

ww}  91,203
WQ  570
WR 81,82,85,87,90, gi, 112, 114, 115, 118
139. 174. 204, 265, 266, 341, 377, 444, 464
, 486, 509. 567, 639
WR (conjoined) 84, 132, 265, 341, 371, 443, 65g
7rs^ :  90,191,565
7''rM (conjoined) ... ... ... 639
W&R  570
WR I
s S ¦¦¦ ••¦ •¦• 94.213
WRS ... ... ... 321, 322
WR&S  ... 487
WS 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93
94, 108, 117, 118, 119, 122, 132, 133, 134
137, 142, 167, i5g, 175, 176, 178, 180, 186
igo, ig4, 198, igg, 203,204, 20g, 210, 211
214, 321,376,377,460, 461,465, 487,491
501, 509, 566, 568, 572

WS (linked)...

¦', J^-t J---^' J"", J — t JI-
82, 83, 84, 117, 121

W overs ...

87, 134, 143, 162

7/S^' ...

89, 179, 180

7ry (linked)

 84, 133

a®,s

91,203

w&s

• ¦• 487.570,571

WS&Co ...

 ... 486

WS )
IM ,

 345

WSR

 487

WS )
RC \

90, 200

WS WP ...
\KI-r r..

89, 90, 189, 193

WT 87, go, gi, g3, 165, i6g, 196, ig», 200, 203
204, 211, 373, 377, 463, 564, 565, 566
568, 641
89, go, 191, ig4
... 463
g4,3i2

7/^sr

WT )
'T i
WT )
RA \

Index.

695

WU— YE PAGE
WU  461
WV ... ••¦ ¦•• gi,202
WV (in monogram) ... ¦¦• 85,144
WVJ  ••• •¦¦ 486
WW 84, 87, 89, 129, 132, 133, 174, 185, 187
321, 343, 486, 493, 564, 565, 566, 567
571, 573, 652
WW (in monogram) ... ... 83,121,269
W^7f"  89,188,652
84, 89, 130, 178, 444
93,211
... 322
 4S7
87, 176
89, 180
 442 298
465

7r7r (linked)

www (in pale)
W & W LOGAN
WY

Wyvern mark
Wyvern's head, erased, incuse . .
wz 
X crowned and uncrowned, see Exeter
XI. D  667
Yawl, or Lymphad, see Youghal
YEDS ... ... •¦¦ ¦¦• 314
Ye ••• .. ... 86, 159

YG— ZB PAGE
YG&H  •• ..• 405
YI  84,133
Yo ... ... ... ... 342
f 0 ... ... ... 85, T49
York— Town-marks ... 258-64, 265-75, 670
(joldsraiths of ... ... 357-9
Their marks described ... 358-64,670
Their names from 1313 to 1851 376-9
Guild ot goldsmiths in 1410 ... 257
Tables ot date-letters and other
marks ... ••• 265-75
Assay office re-established 1 700-1 262
Assay office finally closed ... ... 263
YOUNG   487
Youghal —
Town-mark (a lymphad or yawl) ... 645
Marks used at ... ... ... 645
Names ot goldsmiths ... ... 646
YT  85, 139
Y&T  ... 468
Y&W  391

YZ
ZB (the Z reversed)

85, 138, 145
• •• 66g

The following marks, which consist mainly ot devices, are indexed in fac-simile because they may
in this way be more easily identified than by the descriptions under which they are already indexed :

MARK. P.AGE.

[5

MAEK. PAGE. MARK. PAGE.

t
o Q
^ 82, 117
g^ 80, 107
(^ 80, 107

77, 96
77, 96
77, 96
77, 96 96
77. 97
77, 97
77. 97
77. 97
77. 97
77, 97

0

esQ

77, 97
77. 97
77, 97
77. 97
77, 97
77, 97
78, 97
78, 97
78, 97
78, 98
78, 98

83, 123
83, 124

&

1
^

& 0

7», 99
107, no 99
78, g8
7«, 99
78, 99
78, 99
78, 99
78. gg
¦78, 99
78. 98
2g83g8313

(^

MARK. PAGE.
78. 99
78. 99
105
78, 100
78, 100
78, 100
79, loi

8

0 Q

103
79, loi
79, loi439 44 T
441

MARK. PAGE.
79, lOI
79. loi
^ 79. loi
2<? 79. 102
it 79, 103
4^ 79. 103
5J 79. 103
^ 79, 104
^ 79. 104
ly 79, 104
^ 79, 104
446 44645S

®

s

£i 79, 104
P 79, 105
^ 79, 105
8^ 79, 105
CP 79, 105
79, 106
79. 106
f3 79, io5
t^ 7g, 106
081, 107
no
Q 80, 107
y 80, 107
^ 656556 6,6

696- MARK.- PAGE.
0 80, 108
P^ 80, 109
X 81, no
0 81, no
^ 81, no
CB 81, III
^ 81, III
o

Index.

PAGE. MARK. PAGE. MARK. PAGE

s^
@

81, 112
Sr, 112
6?J 81, 112
113
81, 115

82, 118
n 82, 118

©

297

297

84, 128
84, 128 0
84, 128 1 ^
130 1 @
84, 133
85, 136
88, 145,83
89, 187
265 265 367368

a

313663
341,444 341 369 369 369 372421 421 421 432 432 432 434 439

tSt

441

442

MARK. PAGE.

,45s 458

430 442
1^ 443
^ 443

®

443 443 430 444444 444 444 103445 446

^ 501
0 503 510

O
E3

S?? 511
O 512
©^ 512
P ® 445
^P 652
«?» 653
8 656

MARK. PAGE. 658 660 668
79, 102
81, 115
81, 112
79-80, 105-7
8i, in
81, 113

@

273-5 66g 66g 65g 665 55g

T H I'-. END.

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BY THE SAME AUTHOR (C. J. J.4CKS0N, F.S.A.).
AN ILLUSTRATED
History of English Plate
ECCLESIASTICAL AND SECULAI^,
IN WHICH THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORM AND DECORATION IN
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FROM THE EARLIEST KNOWN EXAMPLES TO THOSE OF
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