e.j.'B, OOSdmSiYl J? lb IMMOKTALITF. A SERMON BY THE REV. GEORGE DANA BOARDMAN, D. D., LL. D., Pastor of the First Baptist Church in Philadelphia, PREACHED BEFORE THE NORTH PHILADELPHIA BAPTIST ASSOCIATION, October lit, 1891, And Published by order cf the Association. IMMORTALITY IMMORTALITY. A SERMON BY GEORGE DANA BOARDMAN, D. D., LL. D., Pastor of the First Baptist Church in Philadelphia. " Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life : he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live : and whosoever liveth and be lieveth in me shall never die. Believest thou this ?" — John xi : 25, 26. "If a man die, shall he live again ? " So asked the an guished patriarch of Uz milleniums ago. No doubt he asked it sincerely. For, although he was a perfect and upright man, one that feared God, and eschewed evil, yet God seems to have left him to work out in large measure the problem of immortality from the standpoint of natural religion. And from that standpoint he misera bly failed. Nor was Job the only man who has asked that question. Countless times it has been asked since. Perhaps no serious ques tion is oftener asked to-day. The sense of wrong asks it ; looking out upon the vast disorders of society — the right overthrown, the wrong triumphant — it asks : " Is there no coming day of rectifica tion ? ' ' The sense of reverence asks it ; seeing the miserable fail ure of so many noble plans and sacrifices, it asks : " Are the saintly annihilated ? ' ' The sense of grief asks it j standing by the shrouded corpse, it asks : " Is my friend for ever dead ?" The sense of per sonality asks it ; conscious of personal identity, it asks: "How about myself a thousand years hence. ' ' The sense of dread asks it ; sensible of guilty default, it asks : " Has the just God nothing against me after death ?' ' The sense of hope asks it ; conscious of mighty faculties, it asks: "Does death complete my capacity of possibilities?" Job's question is probably earth's most pathetic 4 IMMORTALITY. problem. Uncertainty here is torture. Thus the prisoner Claudio to his sister Isabella in Measure for Measure : Ay, but to die, and go we know not where ; To lie in cold obstruction, and to rot; This sensible warm motion to become A kneaded clod ; and this de-lighted spirit To bathe in fiery floods, or to reside In thrilling region of thick-ribbed ice ; To be imprison' d in the viewless winds, And blown with restless violence round about The pendent world ; or to be worse than worst Of these, that lawless and incertain thoughts Imagine howling ! — 'Tis too horrible ! The weariest and most loathed worldly life, That age, ache, penury, and imprisonment Can lay on nature, is a paradise To what we fear of death. So Hamlet in the Castle of Elsinore : To be, or not to be, — that is the question ; Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, ( >r to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them ? To die, — to sleep, — No more ; and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, — ' tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. To die ; — to sleep ; — To sleep ! perchance to dream ! ay, there's the rub ; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause ; there's the respect That makes calamity of so long life ; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of disprized love, the law's delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin ? who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscover'd country from whose bourn No traveller returns, puzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? IMMORTALITY. 5 Yes ; If a man die, shall he live again ?— is earth's profoundest, most thrilling question. Whither then shall we turn for a certain answer? To Physiology ? But physiology tends to materialism. Listen to some of its deliverances :— " The brain secretes thought, as the liver secretes bile;" " The brain itself is the soul;" « Reason, imagina tion, love, will, conscience, are groups of atoms moving in certain ways;" " No phosphorus, no thought ; " " As a man eats, so is he ;" " Ethics is a bill of fare ;" " Worship— like heat, light, elec tricity— is a mode of motion ;" •' When a man's body dies, that is the end of him ;" etc. Does physical science help you in this great matter of immortality ? To Metaphysics? But metaphysics is a science too abstract to admit of demonstration in a matter so concrete as personality. What argument is so fascinating in its method, yet so shadowy in its result as Plato's Photdo ? What discussion so scientific in its steps, but so dim in its conclusion as Stewart's and Tait's Un seen Universe ? Metaphysics is no solace for heart-questions. To the Instinct of Lnmortality ? How strong this instinct is may be seen in those burial rites of heathen nations which provide for the comfort of the dead on their mysterious journey into the hereafter : for instance ; the obolus which the Greeks placed in the mouth of the corpse, or the coin which the Kelts to this day place in his hand, to meet the expenses of the solemn journey ; the bow and arrows which the Indian provides for the traveler to the happy hunting grounds ; the flint and tinder which the Laplanders bury to furnish light for the dark journey ; the horse and armor which the Norsemen buried for the dead hero's triumphant ride ; the pa per images of sedan porters which the Chinese scatter Over the grave to help along in the sombre pilgrimage ; the |dog which the Greenlanders bury with the child to guide him in yonder mysterious country. How graphically Addison portrays this instinct in his Tragedy of Cato : 6 IMMORTALITY. It must be so, — Plato, thou reasonest well. — Else whence this pleasing hope, this fond desire, This longing after immortality ? Or whence this secret dread, and inward horror, Or falling into naught ? Why shrinks the soul Back on herself, and startles at destruction ? 'Tis the divinity that stirs within us ; 'Tis heaven itself that points out an hereafter, And intimates eternity to man. So Wordsworth in his Intimations : Those obstinate questionings Of sense and outward things, Fallings from us, vanishings ; Blank misgivings of a Creature Moving about in worlds not realized, High instincts before which our mortal Nature Did tremble like a guilty thing surprised. Alas, instinct, however intense, is not demonstration. To Analogies of Nature ? Very beautiful are the poetic inter pretations of the re-emergence of the spring-leaves ; the transforma tion of the caterpillar into the butterfly ; the classic legends of the Phoenix and the Psyche. Alas, the analogy fails just at the point where it ought to win. Neither the tree nor the caterpillar actually died. But uproot the tree, so that the stump is actually dead ; crush the caterpillar, so that its life is absolutely extinguished: think you that the tree will ever put forth spring-leaves, or that the caterpillar will ever flutter in the golden sunlight ? Even the pa triarch Job in his far off day detected the weakness of this argu ment from analogy : There is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it will sprout again, And that the tender branch thereof will not cease : Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, And the stock thereof die in the ground ; Yet through the scent of water it will bud, And put forth boughs like a plant. But man dieth, and wasteth away : Yea, man giveth up the ghost, and where is he ? As the waters fail from the sea, And the river decayeth and drieth up ; So man lieth down and riseth not : Till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake; Nor be roused out of their sleep. IMMORTALITY. 7 Analogies of nature are not proofs in the unseen world. To the Old Testament ? Its view of a future life, it must be confessed, was comparatively dim. Conceiving Israel as one great national person rather than as a nation of persons, its moral sanc tions were largely temporal and physical ; material blessings of wealth and honor and family and longevity ; material curses of poverty and disgrace and sickness and violent death. Hence the vagueness of the Old Testament conception of the hereafter. Listen to David : In death there is no remembrance of thee : In Sheol (abode of the dead) who shall give thee thanks ? Listen to wise Koheleth : That which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts ; even one thing befalleth them : as the one dieth, so dieth the other ; yea, they have all one breath ; and man hath no pre-eminence above the beasts : for all is vanity : all go unto one place ; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again. Listen to pious Hezekiah : Sheol cannot praise thee, death cannot celebrate thee : They that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth. The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day. Listen to saintly Job : Are not my days few ? cease then,' And let me alone, that I may take comfort a little, Before I go whence I shall not return, To the land of darkness and of the shadow of death ; A land of thick darkness, as darkness itself; A land of the shadow of death, without any order, And where the light is as darkness. And so science, philosophy, instinct, nature, Old Testament itself— all fail us at this supreme point of immortality. Ay, misera ble comforters are ye all. Whither then shall we turn for certainty here ? To Jesus the Nazarene. Visit with me the family whom he loved ; Mary and Martha and Lazarus of Bethany. Sorrow is in the household : for Lazarus is dead, and been in his tomb four days already. But Jesus has come from the Perea in order to com- 8 IMMORTALITY. fort the sorrowing sisters. As soon as Martha catches glimpse of him, she exclaims, with mingled sorrow and complaint and homage, " Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died ; and even now I know that, whatsoever thuu shalt ask of God, God will give thee." Jesus saith unto her, " Thy brother shall rise again." Martha, taught in the faith of the later Pharisees, answers, " I know that he shall rise again in the resurrection at the last day." Jesus said unto her, " / am the resurrection and the life : he that believeth on me, though he die, yet shall he live : and whosoever liveth and be lieveth on me shall never die. Believest thou this I' ' Magnificent words these ; meaning more than tongue can recite or imagination conceive. All we can do is to hint ; eternity is needed for the unfold ing. May the Master of assemblies grant us his help as we venture to ponder them ! " I am the Resurrection." Then Jesus Christ himself is the energizing force of the resurrection. It is not enough then to say that Jesus Christ raised Lazarus, and that he will yet raise all men ; we must also say that Jesus Christ himself, in his own person and character and work, is the resurrection-force itself. This is true for all men. Being himself the Son of man — the archetypal Homo, the representative of the essentials of human nature, the head and epitome of mankind, the son of man — mankind ideally, potential ly, virtually rose, when the Son of man rose. Listen to his own annunciation : The hour cometh, in which all that are in the tombs shall hear his voice, and shall come forth ; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life ; and they that have done ill, unto the resurrec tion of judgment. But that Jesus Christ is himself the resurrection-force is es pecially true for his Church. This is the very argument of his great Apostle's memorable fifteenth chapter of his First Epistle to the Corinthians : Now hath Christ been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of them that are asleep. For since by man came death, by man came IMMORTALITY. 9 also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. But each man in his own order : Christ the firstfruit : then they that are Christ's at his coming. Not that Jesus Christ was the first to rise from the dead : the son of the widow of Zarephath, the daughter of Jairus, Lazarus, and many others had been raised ; but they all died again : whereas Christ having been raised from the dead dieth no more ; death no more hath dominion over him. And in thus rising to die no more he became, to use imagery suggested by the offering of the first fruits in the Mosaic ritual, the pledge-sheaf of the resurrection of those who sleep in him. Being himself the, head of the body — the Church, and being himself the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, he here, as everywhere else, has the pre-eminence. But his people are not to rise irregularly, at fitful intervals. Each in his own order : Christ the firstfruits ; then they that are Christ's at his coming. Or as the Apostle had already expressed it to the Chris tians of Thessalonica : If we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so ihem also that are fallen asleep in Jesus, will God bring with him (that is, when God brings back Jesus in the pomp of the second advent). Then shall be fulfilled in the largest sense Christ's own parable of the dying seed : Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abidethby itself alone ; but if it die, it beareth much fruit. Being himself the resurrection-embryo of his Church, and hav ing fallen into the ground and died, it will be seen in the last great day that he did not abide by himself alone, but has unfolded into the glorious blossom and fruitage of a risen and transfigured hu manity. " I am the resurrection and the life." Then Jesus Christ is the source and means of the life as well as of the resurrection. In fact, he is the resurrection because he is the life. For it is not the 10 IMMORTALITY. body which gives life to itself; it is the life which takes on body, and operates it. Listen to St. Paul : If the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwelleth in you, he that raised up Christ Jesus from the dead shall quicken also your mortal bodies through his Spirit that dwelleth in you. Because Jesus lives, we shall live also. As in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. And now mark very particularly what the New Testament means by this great word " life." According to Je=us Christ and his apos tles, life means not only physical life, such as man shares with the animals : life also, and indeed chiefly, means moral life ; that spirit ual, eternal life which man may share with God, and which God of fers to mankind through and in his Son Jesus Christ. This, in an eminent sense, is the teaching of the disciple whom Jesus loved. Notice some examples : Whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst ; but the water that I shall give him shall become in him a well of water springing up unto eternal life ; Ye will not come to me, that ye may have life ; I am the living bread which came down out of heaven ; if any man eat of this bread, he shall live forever ; yea; and the bread which I will give is my flesh, for the life of the world ; Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, ye have not life in yourselves ; He that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood hath eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day : As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father ; so he that eateth me, he also shall live because of me ; I came that they may have life, and may have it abundantly ; My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me, and I give unto them eternal life ; I am the resurrection and the life ; I am the way, and the truth, and the life ; Father, the hour is come ; glorify thy Son, that the Son may glorify thee ; even as thou gavest him authority over all flesh, that whatsoever thou hast given him, to them he should give eternal life ; The Word of life ; The life was manifested, and we have seen, and bear witness, and declare unto you the life, the eternal life, which was with the Fa ther, and was manifested unto us; This is the promise which he pro- IMMOR TALITY. \ \ mised us, the life eternal ; The witness is this, that God gave unto us eternal life, and this life is in his Son ; He that hath the Son hath the life ; he that hath not the Son of God hath not the life ; To him that overcometh, to him will I give to eat of the tree of life, which is in the Paradise of God; The Lamb's book of life;. The river of the water of life ; Blessed are they that do his command ments (wash their robes), that they may have the right to come to the tree of life, and may enter in by the gates into the city ; etc. Jesus Christ then is the source, the means, the giver of eternal life ; the life which is spiritual, blessed, immortal. " He that believeth on Me, though he die, yet shall he live." Then believing on Jesus Christ is the pivotal condition of obtaining this spiritual, blessed, immortal life. And to this momen tous truth the beloved disciple again gives most emphatic testimony. Notice some examples : As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up ; that whosoever believeth may in him have eternal life ; For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but have eternal life ; He that believeth on the Son hath eternal life ; but he that obeyeth not the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abideth on him ; This is the will of my Father, that every one that beholdeth the Son, and believeth on him, should have eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day ; Verily, verily, I say un to you, He that believeth hath eternal life ; He that believeth on me, though he die, yet shall he live ; Whosoever liveth and believeth on me shall never die; These are written that ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing ye may have life in his name ; etc. Friends, mortal sickness will overtake us, as it overtook Lazarus of Bethany ; weeping friends will try to console our bereaved kins men, as weeping Jews tried to console the bereaved sisters ; we our selves shall be borne to our graves, it may be, amid lamentations and tears ; in those graves, with corruption for our father and the worm for our mother and sister, we may lie it may be for ten thous- 12 IMMORTALITY. and times ten thousand years. Yet if in this world we had believed on him who nearly two milleniums ago said to Martha, " I am the re surrection and the life," we shall still be, in the deepest sense of the vast word, alive : for our life is the immortal life of the Son of God. Belief then in Jesus Christ is the pivotal condition of securing the gift of immortality. " And whosoever liveth and believeth on Me shall never die." This is the' same divine annunciation stated in converse form. For those who believe on Jesus Christ as being himself the resurrection and the life there is no death, at least in the real sense of that awful word. Here again the beloved John is our emphatic witness. Notice some examples : Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath eternal life, and cometh not in to judgment, but hath passed out of death into.life; I am the bread of life ; Your fathers did eat the manna in the wilderness, and they ¦died ; This is the bread which cometh down out of heaven, that a man may eat thereof, and not die ; Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee the crown of life ; etc. " Weep not," said Edward the Confessor when dying, " I shall not die but live ; and as I leave the land of the dying I trust to see the blessings of the Lord in the land of the living." No, no, it is not dying To go unto our God, This gloomy earth forsaking, Our journey homeward taking Along the starry road. Blessed then as well as holy is he who hath part in the 'first re surrection, even the spiritual resurrection which is in Jesus Christ : for over these sons of the resurrection the second death — the death of !ife itself — hath no power. He that believes on Jesus Christ shall never die. " Believest thou this?" Alas, the question is as pertinent to us as it was to Martha. On the one hand, there is on the part of multitudes, even of those who are favorably disposed to Christianity, IMMORTALITY. 23 a denial of the doctrine of personal immortality. Swept away by a strange blending of science and fancy, they have come to the con clusion that the only immortality possible is the immortality of man kind as a whole ; individuals remerging hereafter in one General Soul ; or if they believe in any personal immortality, it is only the immortality of a sort of noble transmigration of souls, such as George Eliot finely hints in her song of the Immortal Choir : O may I join the choir invisible Of those immortal dead who live again In minds madi better by thair presence; live In pulses stirred to generosity, In deeds of daring rectitude, in scorn For miserable aims that end with self, In thoughts sublime that pierce the night like stars, And with their mild persistence urge man's search To vaster issues. On the other hand, there is on the part of the Church itself such a belief in the doctrine of the natural immortality of all men as to amount to a virtual denial of the doctrine that immortality or eter nal life is the gift of Christ alone. And so I repeat that the question which the Son of man asked Martha the Son of man also asks our selves : Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection and the life : he that believeth on me, though he die, yet shall he live : and whosoever liveth and believeth on me shall never die. Believest thou this ? Friend, do you believe what Jesus said to Martha? Do you be lieve that the Son of man is the sole giver of eternal life, and that he gives eternal life to none but his followers ? It is a fundamental ques tion, lying at the very basis of Christian theology. It is the very touch-stone of Christianity. It is the gospel itself; Christ's own evangel ; his good news from above ; his glad tidings from the far off country. Eternal life in Jesus Christ, blissful immortality in and through the Son of man — this is Christ's own positive contribu tion to the literature of immortality, to the philosophy of the here after. Listen to his messenger Paul : 14 IMMORTALITY. Saved us, and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was .given us in Christ Jesus before times eternal, but hath now been manifested by the appearing of our Saviour Christ Jesus, who abol ¦ ished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel, whereunto I was appointed a preacher (herald), and an apos tle, and a teacher. Here, brethren of the ministry, is our blessed office. When we come into our pulpits, it is not to soothe our listeners with brilliant conjectures, hopeful surmises, elaborate attempts at demonstration concerning immortality — that kind of preaching we leave to heathen teachers and pagan philosophers in Christian lands. But when we come into our pulpits, it is to give to our listeners positive, divine information about the hereafter. It is our blessed privilege to say to the bereaved Christian : " Jesus is the resurrection, and the life ; he that believes on Jesus, though he die, yet shall he live ; and who soever lives and believes on him shall never die." It is our blessed privilege to say to the dying sinner : "The wages of sin is death; but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." It is our blessed privilege to announce to all men saints and sinners ; " Our testimony is this, that God gave unto us eternal life, and this life is in his Son." Dearly beloved, pardon me for the utterance, but I must say it : I fear that in our preaching we do not make enough of this pivotal doctrine of Christianity, this distinguishing revelation of the gospel, this divine announcement from the Lord of the worlds, to wit, that Jesus and Jesus only is the resurrection and the life. It is precisely here that the Christian Religion comes out in most strik ing contrast with heathen philosophies. What a noble man was Socrates ! How sublimely he died ! Yet that sublime death was in expressibly mournful because of his own painful uncertainty concern ing the hereafter.. Listen to him as about to drink of the fatal hem lock he bade adieu to his friends : The hour of departure has arrived, and we go our ways. I go to die, and you to live. Which is better God only knows. IMMORTALITY. 15 How much sublimer Paul's death, because of its joyous certain ty: Listen to him as about to bend his neck beneath Nero's ax he writes to his son Timothy : I am already being offered (poured out as a drink-offering), and the time of my departure is come. I have fought the good fight, I have finished the course, I have kept the faith : henceforth there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give to me at that day : and not only to me, but also to all them that have loved his appearing. O friends, when storm-tossed by atheistic arguments, material istic doubts, philosophical speculations, satanic assaults ; do we some times with Simon Peter ask wearily, " Lord, to whom shall we go ?" Happy we, if with Simon Peter we can confidently add : "Lord, thou hast the words of eternal life!" All hail to thee then, thou Man of Nazareth, thou Evangelist of Immortality ! Hail thou Lord of earth and heaven ! Praise to thee by both be given ; Thee, we greet triumphant now, Hail ! the resurrection thou ! When Adam lay at the point of death (so runs one of the legends of mediaeval Christendom), he sent his son Seth to the gates of Paradise that he might obtain access to the Tree of Life, and bring some of the oil of mercy which flowed from its twigs, to anoint him for his burial. That oil Seth was not permitted to get. But the cherub who guarded the gates of Eden gave him a slip from the life- giving Tree ; and with this he returned, and planted it on his father's grave at Golgotha. There it took root, and grew, and became a tree. From that tree came the wood of the wand which Moses so often miraculously wielded ; also the rod which budded in token of Jehovah's sanction of Aaron's priesthood ; also the pole on which Moses lifted up the brazen serpent ; and finally the cross of Calvary itself. Of course, it is but a legend. Thank God, it conveys a pro found truth ; that truth is this : Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the 16 IMMORTALITY. Son of man, is the true Tree of Life. He came that we might have life, and that we might have life aboundingly. Out of Christ death; in Christ life : this is the august teaching of him who, by his own advent, has abolished death, and brought life and immortality to light ; and thus announced a very gospel. He who touches Christ's cross, and none but he, lives for ever. Or to draw a figure from arithmetic : Jesus Christ is himself the separatrix between human powers and human zeros ; our destiny depends on our position in relation to him, whether we are on his right hand or on his left, whether we are for him or against him. All praise to redeeming Grace, the way to the true Tree of Life is now open. O ye mourn ers, going about the streets, because man goeth to his long home ; sorrow not as those heathen or those skeptics ¦ sorrow who have no hope : for if you believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also that are fallen asleep in Jesus will God bring with him. O ye weary, plodding, dying ones, yet panting for immortal youth ; you shall not find it where medieval alchemists wearily sought for it in alembic and crucible, nor where you are looking for it in the chase after wealth, or power, or pleasure, or scholarship, or fame. Jesus the Nazarene — the sufferer on Pilate's cross and the conqueror on Olivet's cloud — he only is the true Elixir Vitas ; he alone is the hea venly nectar and ambrosia of the true immortality. None but he who eats the flesh of Christ's personality and drinks the blood of Christ's character has eternal life ; for Christ's flesh is the true food and Christ's character is the true drink. Heaven grant that as all of us have died in the first Adam ; so all of us may be made alive in the second Adam ! Washing our robes in the blood of the Lamb, we shall have right to the Tree of Life, and enter through the gates into the City. YALE UNIVERSITY L 3 9002 08540 0894