18 ^^a Religion in politics : SERMON PREACHED IN THE REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, OF HUDSON, N. Y., JULY 6, AND S&epeatett 6s a&equest Sulg 13. BY DAVID D. DEMAKEST, PASTOR OF THE CBJTRCH. HUDSON: ALEX. N. WEBB, PRINTER. 1856. CORRESPONDENCE. Hudson, July 14, 1856. Bet. D. D. Demarest : Dear Sir— The undersigned having listened with interest to your sermon delivered last even ing on "The duties, perils and safeguards of mingling in politics," and deeming it eminently calculated to do good, if read and pondered by every citizen, respectfully request a copy for pub lication. S. A. DUBOIS, JAS. MULFOHD, KOBT. McCLELLAN, A. ROSS MAN, P. A. BLANOHARD, ROBT. B. SHEPAKD, PETER VAN DEUSEN, E. M. BEST, EDWIN C. TERRY,' •W. W. HANNAH, A. R. HOLMES, E. P. WATERBURY, W. B. VAN VLECK, JOHN VAN DEUSEN, R. T. OROAT. Hudson, July 15, 185B. Gentlemen— Tn view of the reason given for your request for the publication of the sermon delivered by me on the evening of July 13th, I feel that I have no right to withhold it. I have taken the liberty to make some verbal changes, and also in a few instances to expand the thought. But no sentiment has been introduced that was not in the sermon as delivered, nor has any been omitted. I am Yours respectfully, Messrs. S. A. Dubois, James Mulford, R. McClellan and others. DAVID D. DEMAREST. SERMON. LET YOUR LIGHT SO SHINE BEFORE MEN, THAT THEY MAY SEE YOUR GOOD WORKS, AND GLORIFY YOUR FATHER WHICH IS IN HEAVEN.— Matt. /, 16. In the sermon on the mount we have a complete body of prac tical divinity. It contains the great and unchangeable princi ples of morality, according to which God would have all men to live. When these principles lire carried fully into practice by men, and applied to all the changing relations and circum stances of life, we have Christian character that may well be called "the light of the world," or " a city set on an hill that can not be hid." It is true that in this sermon the Savior warns his disciples against doing anything to be seen of men, or that their praise may be secured, and yet he teaches just as plainly that if his law be practiced in its spirit, such good works will be performed as must be seen by others, and thus God's great name will be glorified. While, therefore, we may not do any thing from a motive so unworthy as the desire of human praise, we must yet do good works that can not be concealed from the eyes of men, and do them in such a manner that not we, but our Heavenly Father, may receive the praise. The exhortation of our text covers the whole field of action. In all that we do, in public or private, in the family, community or church, in business, recreations or charities, we must let our light shine, not dimly and uncertainly, but clearly and steadily, so that men may distinctly see our good works. It is not my intention at this time to deal abstractly with the general principle here announced, or to select illustrations of it from various departments of life, but what is perfectly legiti- mate, to select one particular department, and consider the prin ciple of its application to it. Deeply impressed as I am with a sense of the great importance that Christianity should in this Christian country be fairly represented in every political cam paign, deeply affected as I have often been by witnessing how Christian character has been marred and shorn of its influence through the temptations of such campaigns, I feel that the pre sent opportunity afforded by the wide-spread interest in political affairs, is not to be neglected for making as far as in me lies a faithful application of the principle of the text to what may be called the political department of life. My position is a very simple one. It is this: That every man is bound to carry gos pel morality into his politics, to go just so far, to act and speak in just such manner as the law of Christ prescribes, so that the testimony of his conduct in this as well as all other departments of life may be not to the blaspheming, but to the glorifying of God. You will readily see that this position can be easily and fully illustrated, without on the one hand advocating or on the other battling against a single party, doctrine or measure. It will be my aim to do this. If I fail to keep in the track marked out in my mind, and shall seem to even the most sensitive and suspicious person to tread on unlawful ground, let it be imputed to a failure of judgment rather than a desire to gratify any feeling of which I profess to be unconscious. My remarks will be classified under the three heads of the duty, the perils, and the safeguards of the citizen in political life. I. As to the duty, we will perhaps be met at once with the suggestion that it is best for a man to keep out of politics alto gether. If this be so, we might as well save ourselves the trouble of the proposed discussion. Happy, it will be said, is the man who does not meddle himself at all with these matters, but leaves them to others who have a taste for them. Happy the man, who from his serene retreat, never sees the threaten ing clouds in the political atmosphere, and never feels himself called upon to sacrifice his own peace by mingling in scenes of political strife. All this sounds plausibly, but you might just as well go on and say: Happy is the man who is never disturbed by the cares of business, or the wants of his family. Happy he who is never troubled by sacrifices that he is called to make for his children. Happy, in short, he who makes it his chief aim to guard his selfish ease against all disturbing .influences. The question yet remains, Is he fulfilling duty? Has he the right, in order to secure his own selfish ease, to refuse manfully to meet duty when it happens to be surrounded with much that is unpleasant, or that sternly demands large sacrifices? The question is not, whether a man is happy who keeps out of poli tics, but whether he has a right to consult selfish comfort, which he calls happiness, by doing so. We are well aware of the common notion that politics is a muddy, dirty, filthy pool, into which no man can go without be coming defiled, and for reasons which need not be mentioned, none are more emphatic in expressing this opinion than those who have done the most of the wallowing in this pool. But the truth is that the filth comes from the creatures, who defile the waters, and not the waters them. They would make the purest, sparkling mountain stream just as filthy. If we rise from the common, contracted, and I may add, false notion of politics, that it is a system of party manoeuvres, a game in which these who are engaged look only for success by means fair or foul, to its true idea as the science of government, we shall find it a most important and ennobling study. The true politician aims by the light of reason, of observation, and of history, to ascertain what forms of government, and what wise and wholesome laws will secure the greatest good to the greatest number, and he labors for their establishment. What a noble, what an exalted work, to attempt to solve a great part of the problem of human happiness ! How can pollution be de rived from it? It is not possible for every one to enter upon the profound study demanded by this science. But a simple glance at our form of government, and the relation of every citizen to it, will show that the power practically to apply the principles of poli tical science, has been confided to all who enjoy the privileges of citizenship. Every one has h,is duty to perform, and respon sibility to bear, from which he may not shrink without incurring guilt before God and man. If we lived under a purely demo cratic form of government, and the citizens were required, as in ancient Athens, to assemble in mass meeting for the enact ment of laws, the responsibility of every one would be obvious. But such is not our form of government, It is a representative democracy. Eepresentation is an essential element in it. The people rule by men to whom for a time they have delegated their power. They have removed the immediate exercise of power in making and administering the laws one step from themselves, while they yet remain the source of power, and hold their agents to a strict accountability. It is evident from this view that the whole body of citizens is divided into the two classes, not of rulers and the ruled, but of rulers for the time, and the makers of these rulers, while all, the rulers inducted, form the one class of the ruled. If this view be correct, it may well be asked, Where is the man who has the right to claim for himself the privilege of a quiet, entire abstinence from mingling in political affairs, or on what ground can he claim it? Is he to be found among the rulers? Surely not, for according to our theory (I will say no thing of our practice) they are selected on account of their fami liarity with political affairs, their capacity and integrity, and they are expected to be competent to guide the helm of the ship of state. I may be allowed to say, that in many cases a still greater knowledge of public affairs by these called to adminis ter them, and integrity even ''more unbending than we com-1 monly see would be no disadvantage. But of the thousands who by their votes appoint the rulers, it will be said that there surely are some who may innocently ignore this whole subject. Well, who shall they be? If this privilege be allowed to me, it may to you, it may to your neigh bor, it may to every body. If the responsibility rests on the people in general to elect men to office who shall rule justly, then it rests on you, on your neighbor, and on me. I see no escape from this conclusion. Consider also the immense interests often at stake, even the welfare of millions of people, peace at home and abroad, the weal or wo of generations yet unborn; and consider how possible it is for the most momentous question to be decided by a single vote, and how can any man say that there is no responsibility resting upon him, that others may meddle with politics, but that he will for his part have nothing to do with them? Perhaps, some one will contend that certain classes may be excused by their characters or callings from this business, and be held guiltless if they leave it in the hands of others. Well, what class shall it be ? Shall it be the ignorant or depraved ? This we hardly ever hear contended for, though there are none whom we could better afford to excuse. Shall it be good Christ ian people ? Arc they to keep themselves pure by standing aloof from these matters, and to prepare for heaven by showing an utter disregard for earth ? I do not so understand the mean ing of our Savior when he tells his'diseiples to let their light so shine before men that they may see their good works. No ! He would have his disciples exemplify his religion, not by retiring from the world, but by illustrating its principles in the heat, and din, and bustle of all lawful forms of earthly work. Besides are their interests less, arc their knowledge and capacity less than those of others ? Are they for any reason less trustworthy than other men, or in a word does citizenship in heaven annul citizenship upon the earth, with not only its privileges but its duties and responsibilities ? Has it not been rather a cause of reproach against good men that they have been lukewarm on this subject and failed to act when action would have been most effective? Have they not suffered political affairs to be managed by a few professed and unprincipled party politicians, whom they have followed whithersoever it pleased them to lead them? I can not for my part see how the class of the Christian ministry can shake off the solemn responsibilities of citizenship. Whence their rightto relieve themselves of burdens thatpress upon others? Whence the authority by which, others would grant them a dis pensation ? How can they be patterns as good men if they are indifferent citizens ? Some think it utterly out of character for a minister even to go to the polls; to me it seems utterly out of character for him to stay away, except for such reasons as would justify any other citizen. Paul holds a man disqualified to be a bishop if he rule not his own house well, and why should he not also be disqualified if he shows no desire that government should be well administered, or at least gives no proof of such desire by his works ? You all accord to us the abstract right to exercise the elective franchise if we are disposed to do it, though many regard it as inexpedient. But, I for my part, ac cept not that form of language. Is it not something more than a right, even a solemn trust for which an account must be ren dered to God ? Is it not a talent that no man can bury and be guiltless ? Let it also be remembered that a man's spiritu- 8 ality, whether in the ministry or not, 4s never injured by a con scientious discharge of any of the duties of secular life. The conclusion then seems to be irresistible that it is not only the right and privilege, but the duty of every citizen to bear his share in the management of political affairs, to inform himself in regard to them, and to act conscientiously according to his light, so that wise and just rulers may be chosen, and wise and just laws be established. The true motto is not " Principles not men," but " principles and men ;" for if correct principles are important, so are trustworthy men in order to carry them out. II. The perils or temptations. These are very great, plausible and insidious, and call for constant watchfulness. 1. There is a danger of giving politics an undue share of our interest, or of becoming intemperately absorbed by them. This danger surrounds all earthly objects and pursuits. Pure, prac tical religion consists simply in the harmonious discharge of all our duties. What belongs to the church, to the closet, to the family, to the state, to business and to recreation, must all be rendered in the exact measure due. When one is neglected while undue attention is given to another, the harmony is broken. Thus it is a duty to give ourselves to prayer, but a sin to be always on our knees ; a duty to be diligent in business, a sin to be so occupied with it as to forget the closet, church or family; a duty to take needed recreation, a sin to make a business of it, or to let it encroach on the times for devotion or lawful work. Now who knows not that every one is constantly exposed to the temptation of giving undue attention to that to which his taste or passion leads him, and thus we see characters that are marred and distorted, instead of presenting the beauty of Christian symmetry. The subject of politics seems to be completely surrounded by this danger. How easy is it to find men absorbed by it, think ing and talking of scarcely anything else, sacrificing means and time and energies, as they would in no other cause, and giving ground often for the opinion that they are fit candidates for a lunatic asylum. In a presidential campaign this is most fre quently seen, for it has a vast variety of elements to give inte rest to it. A sort of fascination takes possession of the man who accustoms himself to look over the whole field; to consider all national, sectional, and local influences that are at work; to enquire how this or that class of people will be likely to vote, or how this or that event or movement will be likely to affect the result. A fine opportunity is afforded for the calculation of chances, and as the decisive day approaches, while all are on the tiptoe of expectation, many are carried aawy by the whirlwind of excitement. How is it even already? Enter on a railroad car or steambpat, or meet a person from a distance, and the first questions put to you are : What are the signs of the times among you politically? What will your state do? And this is only the beginning of what shall be. We do not object, as we have already stated most emphati cally, to a man's being interested in the subject, but we do object to giving it more than its fair share of interest. When one is carried away by it — when it is evidently uppermost in his thoughts — when the house of God, and place of prayer, and the business of life, and the claims of the family, are all made sub ordinate, the man is not letting his light shine before men ac cording to the exhortation of Christ. For it is ever to be insist ed on, that even though the most momentous national interests may be at stake, there are other infinitely higher interests whose claims to supremacy are ever to be maintained. 2. There is danger of one's becoming a party man, and so zealous for the victory of party that the question of right may be lost sight of. Whether our modes of procedure could be so amended that this temptation would be entirely removed, it is not for me to say. I look at things as they are. Strength is secured for carrying any measure or electing any man to office by organization. The individual cooperates with the men with whom he sympathizes. He consults and works with them, until the interest so increases that he is in danger of forgetting the original bond of union in the passion for victory. The suc cess of the party swallows up every other consideration. Now surely, I need not say to you, that no party has ever yet .been formed perfectly pure, and in every particular right. And yet how often have we seen men after theyhad identified themselves with any party ready to justify its measures and tactics through out. How hard is it to discern truth through the glasses of party prejudice. How the aspects and bearings of measures differ when contemplated by men of equally good judgment from different party.positions. How the vices of public men are 10 apologized for, or exaggerated— their virtues magnified or de preciated, according to the point from which they are viewed. Of what bitterness and wrath, clamor and evil speakings, sepa rations of chief friends, and lasting enmities, is party spirit the prolific parent. Here then, there is a great danger, a most in sidious danger to character, for .we can suffer nothing to obstruct a clear vision of the truth without receiving damage to our selves. And when the success of party becomes everything with a man, no matter how honest he may be in his views, he does not let his light so shine before men that they may see his good works and glorify his Father in heaven. 3. Another great source of peril is found in the temptation to exclude the code of Christian morals from the domain of politics. Is not the maxim "All is fair in politics" acted on by very many, and openly avowed by not a few ? Are not manifest de partures from Christian morality sometimes apologized for by the fact that they were caused by the temptations of political life, and are we not exhorted to exercise unusual charity in such cases? Is it not deemed fair and right to meet party oppo nents with their own tactics, to fight them with their own wea pons, to meet lie with, lie, slander with slander, bribery with bribery? Is it not spoken of as a settled and undisputed thing, that a man should be allowed a little larger license in politics than he would claim in other matters, and that he must have it in order to be an efficient and successful worker? Against all this, in the name of our Blessed Master, I enter a most solemn and earnest protest. He has laid down the law, and wo to the man who shall grant himself a dispensation in any particular. And yet if the state of things be such as we have intimated, who can not see that a man who mingles in poli tical affairs must fall into most powerful and ensnaring tempta tions! How many, alas, have made a total shipwreck of cha racter! How many who started with the purest and firmest de terminations, have been proved too weak to resist the assaults pressing on every sidel You probably all are familiar with cases of men who have fallen, some from even a high Christian position, by heeding the Jesuitical maxims and following the Jesuitical practices of party-tacticians. There are many noble exceptions of men who have passed through the temptations of political life without receiving a spot on the moral or religious 11 character. I shall be excused for mentioning the name of one whom I revere and love as a father. Hon. Theodore Freling- huysen, at this time, President of the Rutgers College, to which I may add the names of the Hon. Peter D. Vroom, Minister at the Court of Berlin, and Hon. Daniel Haines, formerly Governor of New Jersey. You will be able easily to extend the list. Now what men like these have by the grace of God accom plished every one else can do, and the idea therefore that suc cess in political life demands a compromise of Christian charac ter is utterly untenable and false. Still we would not depreciate the perils and temptations of political life. It is a most severe ordeal for a man to pass through. It is in truth a fiery furnace, and the fire will prove every man's work of what sort it is. If his piety be nothing but dross it will speedily be burned, if he have the gold it will be refined by the trial and come out shining more brightly than before. Those who occupy permanent positions, office holders, professed workers for party, committee men, office seekers, letter-writers, and editors, are under temptations peculiarly strong to forget the right. But even the quiet though inter ested citizen will find the tempter coming into his retirement, and ere he is aware will find himself profaning the Lord's day by reading political papers, or by talking on the subject with his neighbors, and perhaps will after a little adopt not the most honest or honorable means to secure the success cf his party, or, wink at and justify the adoption of such means by others. Of the corruptions and abominations found in high places, I need not go into details. They are proverbial. Many of you know more about- them than I do. I would that we all know less. None admit them more frankly than the men who have reached the point of glorying in their shame. We have had develop ments enough for years past to teach us that any man who obtains a place in our national or state halls of legislation must have by God's grace a firm determination to stand by the right at all hazards or he will not hold fast to his integrity. Cowper's words might well have been written to-day. " But th' age of virtuous politics is past, And we are deep in that of cold pretence. Patriots are grown too shrewd to be sincere And we too wise to trust them. He that takes Deep in his soft credulity the stamp 12 Designed by loud declaimers on the part Of liberty, themselves the slaves of lust, Incurs derision for his easy faith And lack of knowledge, and with cause enough : For when was public virtue to be found Where private was not 1" Look also at the temptations that throng around a man who enters actively into a political campaign. There are tempta tions to make use of a lie to secure the defeat of a man, and to repeat it, and print it and adhere to it, after it has been proved to be such — temptations to take up every slanderous story, and circulate it without enquiring into its foundation — temptations to intemperance, and to lead others into intemperance — -tempta- tions to profanity, to betting and gambling — temptations to bribery by the buying of votes or rather of men— temptations to take the sabbath for electioneering purposes, for meetings of committees and for concocting plans of action — temptations to sow discord and stir up envious and malicious feelings — tempta tions to assume or throw aside the sacred garb of religion as may best suit selfish ends — temptations in short to all immoral ities and trickeries unbecoming to those who would be esteemed just and honorable men, and the appearance of which should be carefully avoided by those who profess to have a master who hath said, " Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works and glorify your Father which is in heaven." To such temptations a man makes himself particularly liable when he adds to his general interest as a citizen, the personal interest of an office-seeker. I tremble for any young man who, tired of the honest occupation that secures him a livelihood, enters the lists as a competitor for some snug office. Timely defeat, in most cases, alone will save him. Success is usually ruin. One term of office is generally sufficient to create in him an utter distaste for ordinary work. The departure of power from his party, leaves him like a piece of drift-wood on the beach, waiting for the turn of the tide that shall carry it again on the bosom of the swelling current. Often he waits in vain. He endeavors to accommodate himself to the changes that take place around him, and becomes a schemer, a watcher for the loaves and fishes. He meets, perhaps, with those who are more shrewd than himself, and who snatch away the prize which he thought already grasped. He is despised by those who use 13 him as their tool. How much better if he had adhered to the work to which Providence called him, and waited patiently until others summoned him from it. Then would he have become a man strong in himself and strong in the confidence of others. The truth is, that no man has a right, nor should he be willing to put himself in the position described. Office should seek the man, not the man the office. He ought to be independent of it, yet willing to take it and perform its duties when put upon him, and he can consistently attend to it. When he occupies such a position, he has an immense advantage. The peculiar tempta tions to which we have alluded, are in a great measure shorn of their power. He will be unwilling, as he ought, to lift one finger to secure his election. If it be hinted or said that if he would succeed, certain measures are necessary to be adopted, certain moneys he must pay to meet necessary expenses, certain kinds of work are to be done, which he only can do, he will answer, see ye to those things, it is your business not mine, the desire is on your part to elect me, not on mine to be elected, and therefore I must leave you to do as well as you can. Perhaps you will say that this course would, in the present state of things, invariably secure defeat. Very likely — but the ultimate result would be a change in the state of things. Defeat after defeat would be well compensated for by the gradual strength ening of manly, Christian principle, which would in the end gain a victory worthy of commemoration. III. The safeguards. Time will not allow me to dwell as fully on these as I had hoped to do. I regret this the less since all that need be said can be comprehended in a few general directions. From what was said in the first part of the discourse, you all know that I have no faith in one's consulting safety by an entire withdrawal from the field of political life. Every citizen has his duty to his country to perform, and the specific form of the duty he must find out for himself. Of many it is the duty to take arduous, trying positions, and in which they shall be exposed to the hot- est fires of temptation. Although we must on the one hand never unnecessarily seek temptation, so on the other we must never run from it when dutydeads our way directly into it. We must not always consult safety by flying from temptation, but very .often by resisting and overcoming it. "Blessed is the 14 man that endureth temptation." Temptations surround every calling, and a decided shining Christian character is formed only by frequent successful contests with the tempter. These root and firmly establish principle. The chief thing necessary is undoubtedly this, that in all our conduct in reference to this subject, we bow with supreme re verence to the law of God — that we submit our consciences to the Christian code of morals in political as well as all other matters. If we hide that law in our hearts our feet shall never slide. Then shall we have earnest desires after the right and courage to embrace it, whatever influences may press us to do otherwise. Connected with this there must be a consciousness that God's all-seeing eye is ever upon us. We must feel that to him dark ness is as the light, and that every secret deed or counsel is known to him altogether. This will lead to a salutary holy jealousy — to watchfulness over heart, and tongue and hand, and oft will the anxious agonizing prayer be offered. 0 Father! hold thou me up, and I shall be safe. We must also have faith in God as a supreme governor, and who has an overruling power over all affairs. We must divest ourselves utterly of the notion that success in any one political campaign is every thing, and that all is to be sacrificed to it. No matter what maybe the interests at stake there is something more desirable than success, even to have a conscience void of offence toward God and toward man. Success may be purchased at entirely too great cost. All efforts made must be in strict subordination to God's authority. And then if defeat come it will be cheerfully borne. And with the firm conviction that He will bring good out of what seems to us evil. In politics, as in other things, do right, do duty always, and let God take care of the consequences. If the desires of your heart in reference to the election of men or adoption of measures should always be disappointed, better have it so, than buy success at the cost of a good conscience. The odds will still be in your favor, for if you have God with you, you have every thing; if He be against you, the most brilliant success is an irreparable loss. But if you would at once and totally rout the tempter you must choose your position, and intrench yourself under the shadow of the cross. Be not driven from that strong hold, be not enticed 15 from it. Your victory will then be easy and sure. Think, think always. On the most exciting day of the most exciting campaign, think that the mark of Christ's blood is upon you, and say to yourself, let me not crucify him afresh, let me not re ceive a single polluting spot on the white robe with which he has clothed me. Oh! that all who profess Christ's name would give heed to this. Oh! that we were assured that they all through the length and breadth of this land were determined in the present campaign to carry out the principles we have advo cated. How gloriously would they illustrate the Savior's pre cepts. It would be worth more to his cause than seven years of protracted meetings. I have spoken these words of exhortation, because I feel that they are called for, and I trust that they are timely. It is no thing to me what a man's political sentiments are, and God forbid that I should obtrude mine on other men, and if ever I should prostitute this pulpit to that purpose, I charge you to pronounce me unworthy to occupy it. But it is much to me, and above all much to my Master, if the interests of his sacred cause and the salvation of souls be put in jeopardy. The time of danger is the time to sound the alarm. Is not the present a time of danger to every one's spiritual interests? The perils of which I have spoken, even now surround you, and will press closer and closer. You may hold every possible shade of opi nion, belong to various political organizations, but forget not that there is One who will call you to account for every secret as well as open thing. It matters not to me how you vote, but I am deeply concerned that in political life you let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works. It is matter of great concern to me whether the elders and deacons who are with me, overseers of the house of God, and those who at the sacramental table receive from my hands the emblems of a Savior's love, and pledges of their consecration to him, except from that consecration their conduct in political life. It is matter of great concern to me if the world says of those who should be living illustrations of the gospel that I preach, these men pray well, and exhort well, and talk fair, and doubtless are very good men, but when it comes to politics they are as unscrupulous as others, they are as ready to make gain by pan dering to base and corrupt passions as other men. Against 16 this I would guard you. Be just Md fear not. Let conscience speak. Remember that God's IsfV applies to the whole man — that Christ's purchase covers' body and spirit, and that in the great judgment your political conduct will not be ruled out as irrelevant. God give us true wisdom, holy fear, tenderness of conscience, and keep ns by His grace while in the world, yet unspotted from the world until we reach His heavenly kingdom. Amen. 9002 08540 1389